document_title: Josiah

question_text: what book of the bible is josiah in

question_tokens: what book of the bible is josiah in

text: Josiah

text: Family[edit]

text:
Rulers of Judah

Saul
David
Solomon
Rehoboam
Abijah
Asa
Jehoshaphat
Jehoram
Ahaziah
Athaliah
J(eh)oash
Amaziah
Uzziah/Azariah
Jotham
Ahaz
Hezekiah
Manasseh
Amon
Josiah
Jehoahaz
Jehoiakim
Jeconiah/Jehoiachin
Zedekiah

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text: Josiah is known only from biblical texts. No reference to him exists in surviving texts of the period from Egypt or Babylon, and no clear archaeological evidence, such as inscriptions bearing his name, has ever been found.[4]

text: According to the Bible, Josiah was the son of King Amon and Jedidah, the daughter of Adaiah of Bozkath.[5] His grandfather Manasseh was one of the kings blamed for turning away from the worship of Yahweh. Manasseh adapted the Temple for idolatrous worship. Josiah's great-grandfather was King Hezekiah, a noted reformer.

text: Josiah had four sons: Johanan, and Eliakim (born c. 634 BCE) by Zebudah the daughter of Pedaiah of Rumah; and Mattanyahu (c. 618 BCE) and Shallum (633/632 BCE), both by Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah.[6] Eliakim had his name changed by Pharaoh Necho of Egypt to Jehoiakim (2 Kings 23:34).

text: Shallum succeeded Josiah as king of Judah, under the name Jehoahaz.[7] Shallum was succeeded by Eliakim, under the name Jehoiakim,[8] who was succeeded by his own son Jeconiah;[9] then, Jeconiah was succeeded to the throne by Mattanyahu, under the name Zedekiah.[10] Zedekiah was the last king of Judah before the kingdom was conquered by Babylon and the people exiled.

text: Religious changes[edit]

text: According to the Hebrew Bible, in the eighteenth year of his rule, Josiah ordered the High Priest Hilkiah to use the tax money which had been collected over the years to renovate the temple. It was during this time that Hilkiah discovered the Book of the Law. While Hilkiah was clearing the treasure room of the Temple he discovered a scroll described as "the book of the Law"[5] or as "the book of the law of Yahweh by the hand of Moses". The phrase "the book of the Torah" (ספר התורה, sefer ha-torah) in 2 Kings 22:8 is identical to the phrase used in Joshua 1:8 and 8:34 to describe the sacred writings that Joshua had received from Moses. The book is not identified in the text as the Torah and many scholars believe this was either a copy of the Book of Deuteronomy or a text that became a part of Deuteronomy.[11]

text: However it has been noted that the story of the repairs to the Temple is based on those ordered by Joash an earlier Judean king (ruled c. 836 – 796 BCE) in 2 Kings 12.[12]

text: Hilkiah brought this scroll to Josiah's attention. Josiah consulted the prophetess Huldah, who assured him that the evil foretold in the document for nonobservance of its instructions, would come, but not in his day; "because," she said, "thine heart was tender and thou didst humble thyself before the Lord."[5] An assembly of the elders of Judah and Jerusalem and of all the people was called, and Josiah then encouraged the exclusive worship of Yahweh, forbidding all other forms of worship. The instruments and emblems of the worship of Baal and "the host of heaven,"were removed from the Jerusalem Temple. Local sanctuaries, or High Places, were destroyed, from Beer-sheba in the south to Beth-el and the cities of Samaria in the north.[5] Josiah had pagan priests executed and even had the bones of the dead priests of Bethel exhumed from their graves and burned on their altars. Josiah also reinstituted the Passover celebrations.

text: According to 1 Kings 13:1–3 an unnamed "man of God" (sometimes identified as Iddo) had prophesied to King Jeroboam of the northern Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), approximately three hundred years earlier, that "a son named Josiah will be born to the house of David" and that he would destroy the altar at Bethel. And the only exception to this destruction was for the grave of an unnamed prophet he found in Bethel (2 Kings 23:15–19), who had foretold that these religious sites Jeroboam erected would one day be destroyed (see 1 Kings 13). Josiah ordered the double grave of the "man of God" and of the Bethel prophet to be let alone as these prophecies had come true.

text: Josiah's changes are described in two accounts in the Bible, 2 Kings 22-23, and 2 Chronicles 34-35. They began with the ending of ancient Israelite religious practices, and the astral cults that had become popular in the 8th Century, and led to centralisation of worship in Jerusalem, and the destruction of the temple at Bethel.[13]

text: According to the later account in 2 Chronicles, Josiah destroyed altars and images of pagan deities in cities of the tribes of Manasseh, Ephraim, "and Simeon, as far as Naphtali" (2 Chronicles 34:6–7), which were outside of his kingdom, Judah, and returned the Ark of the Covenant to the Temple.[14]

text: Foreign relations[edit]

text: When Josiah became king of Judah in about 641/640 BCE, the international situation was in flux. The Assyrian Empire was beginning to disintegrate, the Neo-Babylonian Empire had not yet risen to replace it, and Egypt to the west was still recovering from Assyrian rule. In this power vacuum, Jerusalem was able to govern itself for the time being without foreign intervention.

text: In the spring of 609 BCE, Pharaoh Necho II led a sizable army up to the Euphrates River to aid the Assyrians against the Babylonians.[15] Taking the coast route Via Maris into Syria at the head of a large army, consisting mainly of mercenaries, and supported by his Mediterranean fleet along the shore, Necho passed the low tracts of Philistia and Sharon. However, the passage over the ridge of hills which shuts in on the south of the great Jezreel Valley was blocked by the Judean army led by Josiah, who may have considered that the Assyrians and Egyptians were weakened by the death of the pharaoh Psamtik I only a year earlier (610 BCE), who had been appointed and confirmed by Assyrian kings Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal.[15] Josiah attempted to block the advance at Megiddo, where a fierce battle was fought and Josiah was killed.[11] Necho then joined forces with the Assyrian Ashur-uballit II and together they crossed the Euphrates and lay siege to Harran. The combined forces failed to capture the city, and Necho retreated to northern Syria.

text: Death[edit]

text: There are two accounts of Josiah's death in the Bible. The Books of Kings merely state that Necho II met Josiah at Megiddo and killed him (2 Kings 23:29). The Book of Chronicles (2 Chronicles 35:20–27) gives a lengthier account and states that Josiah was fatally wounded by Egyptian archers and was brought back to Jerusalem to die. His death was a result of "not listen[ing] to what Necho had said at God's command..." when Necho stated: "What have I to do with you, king of Judah? I am not coming against you today, but against the house with which I am at war; and God has commanded me to hurry. Cease opposing God, who is with me, so that he will not destroy you." (NRSV)

text: Josiah did not heed this warning and by both accounts his death was caused by meeting Necho at Megiddo. According to 2 Chronicles 35:25, Jeremiah wrote a lament for Josiah's death.[16]

text: The account in Chronicles is considered unreliable by some scholars,[17] as it is based on the description of the death of Ahab in 1 Kings, and it meets the Chronicler's religious agenda to attribute the death of a righteous king to some form of sin.[18]

text: Succession[edit]

text: After the setback in Harran, Necho left a sizable force behind, and returned to Egypt. On his return march, Necho found that Jehoahaz had been selected to succeed his father, Josiah. (2 Kings 23:31) Necho deposed Jehoahaz, who had been king for only three months, and replaced him with his older brother, Jehoiakim. Necho imposed on Judah a levy of a hundred talents of silver (about 3 3⁄4 tons or about 3.4 metric tons) and a talent of gold (about 75 pounds or about 34 kilograms). Necho then took Jehoahaz back to Egypt as his prisoner. The defeat of Josiah at Megiddo essentially represents the end of the rule of the Davidic line, since not only were Josiah's successors short-lived, but also Judah's relative independence had crumbled in the face of a resurgent Egypt bent on regaining its traditional control of the region, and the imminent rise of the Babylonian empire which also sought control.

text: Necho had left Egypt in 609 BCE for two reasons: one was to relieve the Babylonian siege of Harran, and the other was to help the king of Assyria, who was defeated by the Babylonians at Carchemish. Josiah's actions may have provided aid to the Babylonians by engaging the Egyptian army.[19]

text: Book of the Law[edit]

text: The Hebrew Bible states that the priest Hilkiah found a "Book of the Law" in the temple during the early stages of Josiah's temple renovation. For much of the 19th and 20th centuries it was agreed among scholars that this was an early version of the Book of Deuteronomy, but recent biblical scholarship sees it as largely legendary narrative about one of the earliest stages of creation of Deuteronomistic work.[20] According to the Bible Hilkiah gave the scroll to his secretary Shaphan who took it to king Josiah.

text: Historical-critical biblical scholarship generally accepts that this scroll—an early predecessor of the Torah—was written by the priests driven by ideological interest to centralize power under Josiah in the Temple in Jerusalem, and that the core narrative from Joshua to 2 Kings up to Josiah's reign comprises a "Deuteronomistic History" (DtrH) written during Josiah's reign.[21] On the other hand, recent European theologians posit that most of the Torah and Deuteronomistic History was composed and its form finalized during the Persian period, several centuries later.[22]

text: According to George E. Mendenhall, King Josiah then changed his form of leadership entirely, entering into a new form of covenant with the Lord. Because of what was known as the "book of the law" he wiped out all of the pagan cults that had formed within his land. He, along with his people, then entered into this new covenant with the Lord to keep the commandments of the Lord. According to Mendenhall, in this covenant the Lord was merely a witness to the covenant instead of an actual participant. This defines the covenant as a vassal treaty - a treaty in which the suzerain owes something to its vassals. Because this covenant had just been discovered, it had to be formed into coalition with the covenant that King Josiah's people were already serving under, the Abrahamic covenant.[23]

text: Sources[edit]

text: The only textual sources of information for Josiah's reign are from the Bible,[4] notably 2 Kings 22–23 and 2 Chronicles 34–35. No archaeological evidence for Josiah as a person exists. Seals and seal impressions from the period stated in the Bible to be that of Josiah's reign show a transition from those of an earlier period which bear images of stars and the moon, to seals that carry only names, a possible indication of Josiah's enforcement of monotheism.[24] No other archaeological evidence for the religious changes attributed to Josiah in the Bible has been discovered.[24]

text: The date of Josiah's death can fairly well be established. The Babylonian Chronicle dates the battle at Harran between the Assyrians and their Egyptian allies against the Babylonians from Tammuz (July–August) to Elul (August–September) 609 BCE. On that basis, Josiah was killed in the month of Tammuz (July–August) 609 BCE, when the Egyptians were on their way to Harran.[25]

text: Rabbinic literature[edit]

text: According to Rabbinic interpretation, Huldah said to the messengers of King Josiah, "Tell the man that sent you to me," etc. (2 Kings 22:15), indicating by her unceremonious language that for her Josiah was like any other man. The king addressed her, and not Jeremiah, because he thought that women are more easily stirred to pity than men, and that therefore the prophetess would be more likely than Jeremiah to intercede with God in his behalf (Meg. 14a, b; comp. Seder 'Olam R. xxi.). Huldah was a relative of Jeremiah, both being descendants of Rahab by her marriage with Joshua (Sifre, Num. 78; Meg. 14a, b). While Jeremiah admonished and preached repentance to the men, she did the same to the women (Pesiḳ. R. 26 [ed. Friedmann, p. 129]). Huldah was not only a prophetess, but taught publicly in the school (Targ. to 2 Kings 22:14), according to some teaching especially the oral doctrine. It is doubtful whether "the Gate of Huldah" in the Second Temple (Mid. i. 3) has any connection with the prophetess Huldah; it may have meant "Cat's Gate"; some scholars, however, associate the gate with Huldah's schoolhouse (Rashi to Kings l.c.).E. C. L. G.

text: The prophetic activity of Jeremiah began in the reign of Josiah; he was a contemporary of his relative the prophetess Hulda and of his teacher Zephaniah (comp. Maimonides in the introduction to "Yad"; in Lam. R. i. 18 Isaiah is mentioned as Jeremiah's teacher). These three prophets divided their activity in such wise that Hulda spoke to the women and Jeremiah to the men in the street, while Zephaniah preached in the synagogue (Pesiḳ. R. l.c.). When Josiah restored the true worship, Jeremiah went to the exiled ten tribes, whom he brought to Israel under the rule of the pious king ('Ar. 33a). Although Josiah went to war with Egypt against the prophet's advice, yet the latter knew that the pious king did so only in error (Lam. R. l.c.); and in his dirges he bitterly laments the king's death, the fourth chapter of the Lamentations beginning with a dirge on Josiah (Lam. R. iv. 1; Targ. II Chron. xxxv. 25).


document_title: Trojan Horse

question_text: who had the idea of the trojan horse

question_tokens: who had the idea of the trojan horse

root

text: Trojan Horse

text: Literary accounts[edit]

text: According to Quintus Smyrnaeus, ulysses thought of building a great wooden horse (the horse being the emblem of Troy), hiding an elite force inside, and fooling the Trojans into wheeling the horse into the city as a trophy. Under the leadership of Epeius, the Greeks built the wooden horse in three days. Odysseus's plan called for one man to remain outside the horse; he would act as though the Greeks had abandoned him, leaving the horse as a gift for the Trojans. An inscription was engraved on the horse reading: "For their return home, the Greeks dedicate this offering to Athena". Then they burned their tents and left to Tenedos by night. Greek soldier Sinon was "abandoned", and was to signal to the Greeks by lighting a beacon.[2] In Virgil's poem, Sinon, the only volunteer for the role, successfully convinces the Trojans that he has been left behind and that the Greeks are gone. Sinon tells the Trojans that the Horse is an offering to the goddess Athena, meant to atone for the previous desecration of her temple at Troy by the Greeks, and ensure a safe journey home for the Greek fleet. Sinon tells the Trojans that the Horse was built to be too large for them to take it into their city and gain the favor of Athena for themselves.

tag: p

text: While questioning Sinon, the Trojan priest Laocoön guesses the plot and warns the Trojans, in Virgil's famous line Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes ("I fear Greeks, even those bearing gifts"),[3] Danai (acc Danaos) or Danaans (Homer's name for the Greeks) being the ones who had built the Trojan Horse. However, the god Poseidon sends two sea serpents to strangle him and his sons Antiphantes and Thymbraeus before any Trojan heeds his warning. According to Apollodorus the two serpents were sent by Apollo, whom Laocoon had insulted by sleeping with his wife in front of the "divine image".[4] In the Odyssey, Homer says that Helen of Troy also guesses the plot and tries to trick and uncover the Greek soldiers inside the horse by imitating the voices of their wives, and Anticlus attempts to answer, but Odysseus shuts his mouth with his hand.[5] King Priam's daughter Cassandra, the soothsayer of Troy, insists that the horse will be the downfall of the city and its royal family. She too is ignored, hence their doom and loss of the war.[6]

text:
Trojan War

Achilles tending the wounded Patroclus
(Attic red-figure kylix, c. 500 BC)

The war

Setting: Troy (modern Hisarlik, Turkey)
Period: Bronze Age
Traditional dating: c. 1194–1184 BC
Modern dating: c. 1260–1180 BC
Outcome: Greek victory, destruction of Troy
See also: Historicity of the Iliad

Literary sources

Iliad
Epic Cycle
Aeneid, Book 2
Iphigenia in Aulis
Philoctetes
Ajax
The Trojan Women
Posthomerica

See also: Trojan War in popular culture

Episodes

Judgement of Paris
Seduction of Helen
Trojan Horse
Sack of Troy
The Returns
Wanderings of Odysseus
Aeneas and the Founding of Rome

Greeks and allies

Agamemnon
Achilles
Helen
Menelaus
Nestor
Odysseus
Ajax
Diomedes
Patroclus
Thersites
Achaeans
Myrmidons

See also: Catalogue of Ships

Trojans and allies

Priam
Hecuba
Hector
Paris
Cassandra
Andromache
Aeneas
Memnon
Troilus
Penthesilea and the Amazons
Sarpedon

See also: Trojan Battle Order

Participant gods

Caused the war:

Eris
Zeus

On the Greek side:

Athena
Hera
Hephaestus
Hermes
Poseidon
Thetis

On the Trojan side:

Aphrodite
Apollo
Ares
Artemis
Leto
Scamander

Related topics

Homeric question
Archaeology of Troy
Mycenae
Mycenaean warfare

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tag: table

text: This incident is mentioned in the [[ulysses]:

text: The most detailed and most familiar version is in Virgil's Aeneid, Book II[7] (trans. A. S. Kline).

text: Book II includes Laocoön saying: "Equo ne credite, Teucri. Quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes." ("Do not trust the horse, Trojans! Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks, even bringing gifts.")

text: Well before Virgil, the story is also alluded to in Greek classical literature. In Euripides' play Trojan Women, written in 415 BC, the god Poseidon proclaims: "For, from his home beneath Parnassus, Phocian Epeus, aided by the craft of Pallas, framed a horse to bear within its womb an armed host, and sent it within the battlements, fraught with death; whence in days to come men shall tell of 'the wooden horse,' with its hidden load of warriors."[8]

text: Men in the horse[edit]

text: Thirty of the Achaeans' best warriors hid in the Trojan horse's belly and two spies in its mouth. Other sources give different numbers: The Bibliotheca 50;[9] Tzetzes 23;[10] and Quintus Smyrnaeus gives the names of 30, but says there were more.[11] In late tradition the number was standardized at 40. Their names follow:[12]

text:
Ulysseus (leader)
Acamas
Uden
Ajax the Lesser
Amphidamas
Amphimachus
Anticlus
Antimachus
Antiphates
Calchas
Cyanippus
Demophon
Diomedes
Ishan
Epeius
Eumelus
Euryalus
Eurydamas
Eurymachus
Eurypylus
Ialmenus
Idomeneus
Iphidamas
Leonteus
Machaon
Meges
Menelaus
Menestheus
Meriones
Neoptolemus
Peneleos
Philoctetes
Podalirius
Polypoetes
Sthenelus
Teucer
Thalpius
Thersander
Thoas
Thrasymedes

tag: ul

text: Factual explanations[edit]

text: There has been speculation that the Trojan Horse may have been a battering ram or other sort of siege engine resembling, to some extent, a horse, and that the description of the use of this device was then transformed into a myth by later oral historians who were not present at the battle and were unaware of that meaning of the name. Assyrians at the time used siege machines with animal names, often covered with dampened horse hides to protect against flaming arrows; it is possible that the Trojan Horse was such.[13] Pausanias, who lived in the 2nd century AD, wrote in his book Description of Greece "That the work of Epeius was a contrivance to make a breach in the Trojan wall is known to everybody who does not attribute utter silliness to the Phrygians"[14] where, by Phrygians, he means the Trojans.

text: Some authors have suggested that the gift was not a horse with warriors hiding inside, but a boat carrying a peace envoy,[15] and it has also been noted that the terms used to put men in the horse are those used when describing the embarkation of men on a ship.[16]

text: A more speculative theory, originally proposed by Fritz Schachermeyr, states that the Trojan Horse is a metaphor for a destructive earthquake that damaged the walls of Troy and allowed the Greeks in.[17] In this theory, the horse represents Poseidon, who as well as being god of the sea was also god of horses and earthquakes. This theory is supported by the fact that archaeological digs have found that Troy VI was heavily damaged in an earthquake,[17] but is hard to square with the mythological claim that Poseidon built the walls of Troy in the first place.[18]

text: A recent discovery made by the Italian Naval Archaeologist Francesco Tiboni, first presented in 2016 in a peer review academic journal[19], has demonstrated that the Trojan Horse was indeed a Ship. According to the Homeric texts and the archaeology of ancient boats and ships, in fact, the Hippos built by Epeus has to be considered a galley like the ones in use along the Greek and the Phoenician coasts of that time to pay tribute after the end of the wars.

text: Images[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2010)

text: There are three known surviving classical depictions of the Trojan Horse. The earliest is on a fibula brooch dated about 700 BC. The other two are on relief pithos vases from the adjoining Grecian islands Mykonos and Tinos, both usually dated between 675 and 650 BC, the one from Mykonos being known as the Mykonos Vase.[20][21] Historian Michael Wood, however, dates the Mykonos Vase to the 8th century BC, some 500 years after the supposed time of the war, but before the written accounts attributed by tradition to Homer. Wood concludes from that evidence that the story of the Trojan Horse existed before those accounts were written.[22]

text:
At the Istanbul Archaeological Museum in Istanbul, Turkey

At the Schliemann Museum in Ankershagen, Germany

From the 2004 movie Troy

A modern interpretation at the Troja-Ausstellung (Troy Fair) in Stuttgart, Germany (May 2001)

The story of the Trojan horse was depicted in the art of Gandhara. British Museum.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Broeniman, Clifford (1996). "Demodocus, Odysseus, and the Trojan War in "Odyssey" 8". The Classical World. 90 (1): 3–13. JSTOR 4351895.
Jump up ^ Bibliotheca, Epitome, e.5.15
Jump up ^ "Virgil:Aeneid II". Poetryintranslation.com. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ Pseudo-Apollodorus, Bibliotheca, Epitome,Epit. E.5.18
Jump up ^ Homer, Odyssey, 4. 274-289.
Jump up ^ Virgil. The Aeneid. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Everyman's Library, 1992. Print.
Jump up ^ "Virgil". poetryintranslation.com.
Jump up ^ "The Trojan Women, Euripides". Classics.mit.edu. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ Epitome 5.14
Jump up ^ Posthomerica 641–650
Jump up ^ Posthomerica xii.314-335
Jump up ^ "THE WOODEN HORSE - Greek Mythology Link". Maicar.com. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ Michael Wood, in his book "In search of the Trojan war" ISBN 978-0-520-21599-3 (which was shown on BBC TV as a series)
Jump up ^ "Pausanias, Description of Greece 1, XXIII,8". Perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2012-08-10.
Jump up ^ See pages 51-52 inTroy C. 1700-1250 BC,Nic Fields, Donato Spedaliere & Sarah S. Spedalier, Osprey Publishing, 2004
Jump up ^ See pages 22-23 in The fall of Troy in early Greek poetry and art, Michael John Anderson, Oxford University Press, 1997
^ Jump up to: a b Eric H. Cline (2013). The Trojan War: A Very Short Introduction. ISBN 0199333823.
Jump up ^ Stephen Kershaw (2010). A Brief Guide to Classical Civilization. ISBN 1849018006.
Jump up ^ Tiboni, Francesco. "The Dourateos Ippos from allegory to Archaeology: a Phoenician Ship to break the Wall." Archaeologia maritima mediterranea 13.13 (2016): 91-104
Jump up ^ Sparks, B.A. (April 1971). "The Trojan Horse in Classical Art". Greece & Rome. Second series. 18 (1): 54–70. JSTOR 642388. doi:10.1017/s001738350001768x.
Jump up ^ Caskey, Miriam Ervin (Winter 1976). "Notes on Relief Pithoi of the Tenian-Boiotian Group". American Journal of Archaeology. 80 (1): 19–41. JSTOR 502935.
Jump up ^ Wood, Michael (1985). In Search of the Trojan War. London: BBC books. pp. 80; 251. ISBN 978-0-563-20161-8.

tag: ol


document_title: 2018–19 NHL season

question_text: when does the nhl 2019 schedule come out

text: 2018–19 NHL season

text: League business[edit]

text: Collective Bargaining Agreement[edit]

text: The current collective bargaining agreement (CBA) is in its seventh season. The NHL can chose to opt out of the CBA on September 1, 2018, or the NHLPA can choose to opt out of the CBA on September 19, 2018.

text: Salary cap[edit]

text: On December 9, 2017, the National Hockey League Players' Association announced that the salary cap would be set at between $78–82 million per team for the 2018–19 season.[1]

text: Rule changes[edit]

text: This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (April 2018)

text: Media rights[edit]

text: This is the eighth season under the NHL's ten year U.S. rights deal with NBC Sports and fifth season of its twelve year Canadian rights deals with Sportsnet and TVA Sports. The CBC's rights to air Hockey Night in Canada which was due to expire after last season was renewed through the end of the current Rogers deal.[2]

text: Draft[edit]

text: The 2018 NHL Entry Draft will be held June 22 and 23, 2018. The Buffalo Sabres, by virtue of winning the draft lottery on April 28, hold the first overall selection.

text: Preseason games in China[edit]

text: Two preseason games will be played in China.[3] The Calgary Flames and Boston Bruins will play one game at the Shenzhen Universiade Sports Center in Shenzhen on September 15, 2018 and another game at Cadillac Arena in Beijing on September 19, 2018.[4]

text: Coaching changes[edit]

text:
Coaching changes

Off-season

Team
2017–18 coach
2018–19 coach
Story / Accomplishments

Calgary Flames
Glen Gulutzan
Bill Peters
Gulutzan was fired on April 17, following the Flames' failure to make the playoffs. In two seasons, the Flames went 82–68–14 under Gulutzan. The Flames made the playoffs in Gulutzan's first season with the team before missing out the following year.[5] On April 23, Peters was named the Flames' new head coach.[6] He had coached the Carolina Hurricanes the previous four seasons.

Carolina Hurricanes
Bill Peters
Rod Brind'Amour
Peters resigned on April 20, following the Hurricanes' failure to make the playoffs. Under Peters the Hurricanes went 137–138–53 and missed the playoffs in all four seasons.[7] On May 8, Brind'Amour, who had spent the previous seven years as an assistant coach for the Hurricanes, was named the Hurricanes' new head coach.[8]

Dallas Stars
Ken Hitchcock
Jim Montgomery
Hitchcock retired from coaching on April 13, following the Stars' failure to make the playoffs to become a consultant for the franchise. The Stars went 319–186–60–20 under Hitchcock, winning the Stanley Cup in 1999, going back the following season, and winning the Presidents' Trophy twice.[9] On May 4, Montgomery was named the Stars' new head coach.[10] He led the Denver Pioneers to the 2017 NCAA championship.

New York Islanders
Doug Weight
TBD
Weight was relieved of his duties by the Islanders on June 5, a few weeks after the hiring of Lou Lamoriello as the president of hockey operations for the Islanders. The Islanders went 59–49–14 under Weight in his one-and-a-half seasons as head coach, never making the playoffs. Weight would remain with the Islanders.[11]

New York Rangers
Alain Vigneault
David Quinn
Vigneault was fired by the New York Rangers on April 7, hours after the team's last regular season game after failing to make the playoffs for the first time in nearly a decade and the second time since the 2004–05 NHL lockout. The Rangers went 226–147–37 under Vigneault, going to the Finals in his first year as head coach and winning the Presidents' Trophy the following season.[12] On May 23, Quinn was named the Rangers' new head coach.[13] He previously served as the assistant coach for the Colorado Avalanche during the 2012–13 season.

Washington Capitals
Barry Trotz
TBD
Trotz resigned on June 18, due to a contract dispute with the Capitals.[14] In four seasons under Trotz, the Capitals went 205–89–34, won two Presidents' Tropthies and won the 2018 Stanley Cup Finals.[15]

text: Front office changes[edit]

text:
General managers

Off-season

Team
2017–18 GM
2018–19 GM
Story / Accomplishments

Minnesota Wild
Chuck Fletcher
Paul Fenton
Fletcher was relieved of his duties by the Wild on April 23, shortly after their defeat in the first round of the playoffs. He had been the Wild's general manager since the start of the 2009–10 season. Fenton was hired as his replacement on May 21.[16] [17]

New York Islanders
Garth Snow
Lou Lamoriello
Snow was relieved of his duties by the Islanders on June 5, a few weeks after the hiring of Lou Lamoriello as the president of hockey operations for the Islanders. He had been the Islanders' general manager since the start of the 2006–07 season. Lamoriello replaced Snow as the Islanders' new general manager.[18]

text:
Team presidents

Off-season

Team
2017–18 President
2018–19 President
Story / Accomplishments

Buffalo Sabres
Russ Brandon
Kim Pegula
Brandon, who served as team president while concurrently serving a similar position with the Buffalo Bills, resigned from both positions on May 1, 2018. He had spent three years as the Sabres' president. Pegula, the wife of owner Terrence Pegula, replaced Brandon in both positions, and became the only current female team president in the NHL.[19]

text: Arena changes[edit]

text:
The Toronto Maple Leafs' home arena is scheduled to be renamed from the Air Canada Centre to Scotiabank Arena on July 1, 2018.[20]
The St. Louis Blues’ home arena is scheduled to be renamed from Scottrade Center to Enterprise Center on July 1, 2018.[21]

text: Regular season[edit]

text: The regular season will begin in October 2018, and will end in April 2019. Each team will receive a five-day "bye week", all of which will take place in mid-January. The regular season schedule will be released in June.

text: International games[edit]

text: Three regular season games, branded as the NHL Global Series, will be played in Europe.[22] The Edmonton Oilers will play against the New Jersey Devils at Scandinavium in Gothenburg, Sweden on October 6, 2018. The Florida Panthers and Winnipeg Jets will play two games at Hartwall Arena in Helsinki, Finland on November 1 and 2, 2018.[23]

text: Outdoor games[edit]

text:
The Winter Classic will be held on January 1, 2019, at Notre Dame Stadium in South Bend, Indiana, and will feature the Chicago Blackhawks and the Boston Bruins.[24]
The NHL Stadium Series will be held on February 23, 2019, at Lincoln Financial Field in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and will feature the Pittsburgh Penguins and the Philadelphia Flyers.[25]

text: All–Star Game[edit]

text: The 64th National Hockey League All-Star Game will be held in San Jose, California, at SAP Center, home of the San Jose Sharks, on January 26, 2019, the first time it will be held on a Saturday after many years of the All-Star game being played on a Sunday.[26][27]


document_title: Supreme Court of the Philippines

question_text: qualification of the members of the supreme court in the philippines

text: Supreme Court of the Philippines

text: Constitutional role[edit]

text: Composition[edit]

text: A person must meet the following requirements in order to be appointed to the Supreme Court: (1) natural-born citizenship; (2) at least 40 years old; and (3) must have been for fifteen years or more a judge of a lower court or engaged in the practice of law in the Philippines.[4] An additional constitutional requirement, though less precise in nature, is that a judge "must be a person of proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence."[5] Upon a vacancy in the Court, whether for the position of Chief Justice or Associate Justice, the President fills the vacancy by appointing a person from a list of at least 3 nominees prepared by the Judicial and Bar Council.[6]

text: Beginning with the 1935 Constitution, Supreme Court Justices are obliged to retire upon reaching the mandatory retirement age of 70.[7] Some Justices had opted to retire before reaching the age of 70, such as Florentino Feliciano, who retired at 67 to accept appointment to the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization and Ma. Alicia Austria-Martinez who retired at 68 due to health reasons.[8] The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines provides that: "Section 11, Article VIII. The Members of the Supreme Court xxx shall hold office during good behavior until they reach the age of seventy years or become incapacitated to discharge the duties of their office."[2] Since, 1901, it was only incumbent Associate Justice Alicia Austria-Martinez who resigned for health reasons. Thus, on September, 2008, Austria-Martinez, citing health reasons, filed a letter to the Court through Reynato Puno, tendering her resignation effective April 30, 2009, or 15 months before her compulsory retirement on December 19, 2010.[9][10][11] This was followed in 2016 however, by Justice Martin Villarama, who resigned in January 2016, due to health reasons.

text: Adjudication[edit]

text: The powers of the Supreme Court are defined in Article VIII of the 1987 Constitution. These functions may be generally divided into two – judicial functions and administrative functions. The administrative functions of the Court pertain to the supervision and control over the Philippine judiciary and its employees, as well as over members of the Philippine bar. Pursuant to these functions, the Court is empowered to order a change of venue of trial in order to avoid a miscarriage of justice and to appoint all officials and employees of the judiciary.[12] The Court is further authorized to promulgate the rules for admission to the practice of law, for legal assistance to the underprivileged, and the procedural rules to be observed in all courts.[13]

text: The more prominent role of the Court is located in the exercise of its judicial functions. Section 1 of Article VIII contains definition of judicial power that had not been found in previous constitutions. The judicial power is vested in “one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.”[14] This judicial power is exercised through the judiciary’s primary role of adjudication, which includes the “duty of the courts of justice to settle actual controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to determine whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government.”[14]

text: The definition reaffirms the power of the Supreme Court to engage in judicial review, a power that had traditionally belonged to the Court even before this provision was enacted. Still, this new provision effectively dissuades from the easy resort to the political question doctrine as a means of declining to review a law or state action, as was often done by the Court during the rule of President Ferdinand Marcos.[15] As a result, the existence of “grave abuse of discretion” on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government is sufficient basis to nullify state action.

text: Cases[edit]

text: The Court is authorized to sit either en banc or in divisions of 3, 5 or 7 members. Since the 1970s, the Court has constituted itself in 3 divisions with 5 members each. A majority of the cases are heard and decided by the divisions, rather than the court en banc. However, the Constitution requires that the Court hear en banc “[a]ll cases involving the constitutionality of a treaty, international or executive agreement, as well as “those involving the constitutionality, application, or operation of presidential decrees, proclamations, orders, instructions, ordinances, and other regulations”.[6] The Court en banc also decides cases originally heard by a division when a majority vote cannot be reached within the division. The Court also has the discretion to hear a case en banc even if no constitutional issue is involved, as it typically does if the decision would reverse precedent or presents novel or important questions.

text: Appellate review[edit]

text: Far and away the most common mode by which a case reaches the Supreme Court is through an appeal from a decision rendered by a lower court. Appealed cases generally originate from lawsuits or criminal indictments filed and tried before the trial courts. These decisions of the trial courts may then be elevated on appeal to the Court of Appeals, or more rarely, directly to the Supreme Court if only “questions of law” are involved. Apart from decisions of the Court of Appeals, the Supreme Court may also directly review on appeal decisions rendered by the Sandiganbayan and the Court of Tax Appeals. Decisions rendered by administrative agencies are not directly appealable to the Supreme Court, they must be first challenged before the Court of Appeals. However, decisions of the Commission on Elections may be elevated directly for review to the Supreme Court, although the procedure is not, strictly speaking, in the nature of an appeal.

text: Review on appeal is not as a matter of right, but "of sound judicial discretion and will be granted only when there are special and important reasons therefor".[16] In the exercise of appellate review, the Supreme Court may reverse the decision of lower courts upon a finding of an "error of law". The Court generally declines to engage in review the findings of fact made by the lower courts, although there are notable exceptions to this rule. The Court also refuses to entertain cases originally filed before it that should have been filed first with the trial courts.

text: Original jurisdiction[edit]

text: The other mode by which a case reaches the Supreme Court is through an original petition filed directly with the Supreme Court, in cases that the Constitution establishes "original jurisdiction" with the Supreme Court. Under Section 5(1), Article VIII of the Constitution, they are "cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and over petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and corpus." Resort to certiorari, prohibition and mandamus may be availed of only if "there is no appeal, or any plain, speedy, and adequate remedy in the ordinary course of law."[17]

text: However, notwithstanding the grant of original jurisdiction, the Court has, through the years, assigned to lower courts such as the Court of Appeals the power to hear petitions for certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto and habeas corpus. As a result, the Court has considerable discretion to refuse to hear these petitions filed directly before it on the ground that such should have been filed instead with the Court of Appeals or the appropriate lower court. Nonetheless, cases that have attracted wide public interest or for which a speedy resolution is of the essence have been accepted for decision by the Supreme Court without hesitation.

text: In cases involving the original jurisdiction of the Court, there must be a finding of "grave abuse of discretion" on the part of the respondents to the suit to justify favorable action on the petition. The standard of "grave abuse of discretion", a markedly higher standard than "error of law", has been defined as "a capricious and whimsical exercise of judgment amounting to lack of jurisdiction"[18]

text: History[edit]

text: Pre-Hispanic and Hispanic periods[edit]

text: In the years prior to the official establishment of the Supreme Court, institutions exercising judicial power were already in existence. Before the Spaniards came, judicial authority was in the hands of barangay chiefs. During the early years of the Spanish government, these powers were vested upon Miguel López de Legazpi, the first Governor-General of the Philippines. He administered civil and criminal justice under the Royal Order of August 14, 1569.

text: The present Supreme Court was preceded by the Real Audiencia, a collegial body established on May 5, 1583 and composed, of a president, four oidores (justices), and a fiscal, among others. The Chief Judge of the Real Audiencia was the Governor-General of the Philippines. It was the highest tribunal in the Philippines, below only the Council of the Indies of Spain. However, this body also exercised administrative functions, not just judicial functions.

text: The Audiencia’s functions and structure underwent substantial modifications in 1815 when its president was replaced by a chief justice and the number of justices was increased. It then came to be known as the Audiencia Territorial de Manila with two branches, civil and criminal, later renamed sala de lo civil and sala de lo criminal. The Audiencia was converted to a purely judicial body by a Royal Decree issued on July 4, 1861, but its decisions were appealable to the Supreme Court of Spain sitting in Madrid.

text: On February 26, 1886, a territorial Audiencia was organized in Cebu, followed by an Audiencia for criminal cases in Vigan. However, the pre-eminence of the Supreme Court as the sole interpreter of the law was unknown during the Spanish regime.[19]

text: American period[edit]

text: From 1898 to 1901 there was no Supreme Court as the new American Governor-General of the Philippines abolished the colonial Real Audiencia of Manila as the Philippines was under US military law under military rule.

text: The Supreme Court of the Philippines was officially established on June 11, 1901 through the passage of Act No. 136, otherwise known as the Judiciary Law of the Second Philippine Commission. By virtue of that law, judicial power in the Philippine Islands was vested in the Supreme Court, Courts of First Instance and Justice of the Peace courts. Other courts were subsequently established.

text: The judicial structure introduced by Act No. 136 was reaffirmed by the US Congress with the passage of the Philippine Bill of 1902. The Administrative Code of 1917 ordained the Supreme Court as the highest tribunal of the Philippines with nine members: a chief justice and eight associate justices. Its decisions could be further appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court in Washington, D.C.[19]

text: Commonwealth and independence[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: From 1901 to 1935, although a Filipino was always appointed chief justice, the majority of the members of the Supreme Court were Americans. Complete Filipinization was achieved only with the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. Claro M. Recto and Jose P. Laurel were among the first appointees to replace the American justices. With the ratification of the 1935 Constitution in a plebiscite held on May 14, 1935, the membership in the Supreme Court increased to 11: a chief justice and ten associate justices, who sat en banc or in two divisions of five members each.

text: Article V of the Treaty of Manila (1946) abolished the U.S. Supreme Court's appellate authority over the Supreme Court of the Philippines, but provided that Philippine appeals pending before the U.S. Supreme Court would be allowed to run to completion.[19]

text: Under the 1973 Constitution, the membership of the Supreme Court was increased to 15. The justices sat en banc or in divisions. The 1973 Constitution also vested in the Supreme Court administrative supervision over all lower courts which heretofore was under the Department of Justice.

text: After the overthrow of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986, President Corazon C. Aquino, using her emergency powers, promulgated a transitory charter known as the “Freedom Constitution” which did not affect the composition and powers of the Supreme Court. The Freedom Charter was replaced by the 1987 Constitution which is the fundamental charter in force in the Philippines at present. Section 1 Article VIII of the Constitution vests the judicial power “in one Supreme Court and in such lower courts as may be established by law.”

text: Writ of Amparo[edit]

text: The Supreme Court approved the Writ of Amparo on September 25, 2007.[20] The writ of amparo (Spanish for protection) strips the military of the defense of simple denial. Under the writ, families of victims have the right to access information on their cases—a constitutional right called the "habeas data" common in several Latin American countries. The rule is enforced retroactively. Chief Justice Puno stated that "If you have this right, it would be very, very difficult for State agents, State authorities to be able to escape from their culpability."[21][22]

text: The Resolution and the Rule on the Writ of Amparo gave legal birth to Puno's brainchild.[23][24][25] No filing or legal fees is required for Amparo which takes effect on October 24. Puno also stated that the court will soon issue rules on the writ of Habeas Data and the implementing guidelines for Habeas Corpus. The petition for the writ of amparo may be filed "on any day and at any time" with the Regional Trial Court, or with the Sandiganbayan, the Court of Appeals, and the Supreme Court. The interim reliefs under amparo are: temporary protection order (TPO), inspection order (IO), production order (PO), and witness protection order (WPO, RA 6981).[26]

text: The Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) has criticized the Writ of Amparo and Habeas Data for being insufficient, saying further action must be taken, including enacting laws for protection against torture, enforced disappearance, and laws to provide legal remedies to victims. AHRC said the writ failed to protect non-witnesses, even if they too face threats.[27]

text: Habeas Data[edit]

text: On August 30, 2007, Puno vowed to institute the writ of habeas data as a new legal remedy to the extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances. Puno explained that the writ of amparo denies to authorities defense of simple denial, and habeas data can find out what information is held by the officer, rectify or even the destroy erroneous data gathered.[28]

text: On January 22, 2008, the Supreme Court En Banc approved the rules for the writ of Habeas Data ("to protect a person’s right to privacy and allow a person to control any information concerning them"), effective on February 2, the Philippines’ Constitution Day.[29]

text: Language[edit]

text: Since the courts' creation, English had been used in court proceedings. But for the first time in Philippine judicial history, or on August 22, 2007, three Malolos City regional trial courts in Bulacan will use Filipino, to promote the national language. Twelve stenographers from Branches 6, 80 and 81, as model courts, had undergone training at Marcelo H. del Pilar College of Law of Bulacan State University College of Law following a directive from the Supreme Court of the Philippines. De la Rama said it was the dream of Chief Justice Reynato Puno to implement the program in other areas such as Laguna, Cavite, Quezon, Nueva Ecija, Batangas, Rizal and Metro Manila.[30]

text: Judicial corruption[edit]

text: On January 25, 2005, and on December 10, 2006, Philippines Social Weather Stations released the results of its two surveys on corruption in the judiciary; it published that: a) like 1995, 1/4 of lawyers said many/very many judges are corrupt. But (49%) stated that a judges received bribes, just 8% of lawyers admitted they reported the bribery, because they could not prove it. [Tables 8-9]; judges, however, said, just 7% call many/very many judges as corrupt[Tables 10-11];b) "Judges see some corruption; proportions who said - many/very many corrupt judges or justices: 17% in reference to RTC judges, 14% to MTC judges, 12% to Court of Appeals justices, 4% i to Shari'a Court judges, 4% to Sandiganbayan justices and 2% in reference to Supreme Court justices [Table 15].[31][32]

text: The September 14, 2008, Political and Economic Risk Consultancy (PERC) survey, ranked the Philippines 6th (6.10) among corrupt Asian judicial systems. PERC stated that "despite India and the Philippines being democracies, expatriates did not look favourably on their judicial systems because of corruption." PERC reported Hong Kong and Singapore have the best judicial systems in Asia, with Indonesia and Vietnam the worst: Hong Kong's judicial system scored 1.45 on the scale (zero representing the best performance and 10 the worst); Singapore with a grade of 1.92, followed by Japan (3.50), South Korea (4.62), Taiwan (4.93), the Philippines (6.10), Malaysia (6.47), India (6.50), Thailand (7.00), China (7.25), Vietnam's (8.10) and Indonesia (8.26).[33]<[34]

text: In 2014, Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index (global survey ranking countries in terms of perceived corruption), the Philippines ranked 85th out of 175 countries surveyed, an improvement from placing 94th in 2013. It scored 38 on a scale of 1 to 100 in the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI).[35]

text: The Philippines jumped nine places in the recently published World Justice Project (WJP) Rule of Law Index 2015, making it one of the most improved countries in terms of global rankings. It ranked 51st out of 102 countries on the ROLI, a significant jump from last year when the country ranked 60th out of 99 countries. This makes the Philippines the most improved among ASEAN member nations. "Results showed that the country ranked high in terms of constraints on government powers (39th); absence of corruption (47th), and open government (50th)."

text: "The Philippines, however, fell to the bottom half of the global rankings in terms of regulatory enforcement (52nd); order and security (58th); criminal justice (66th); fundamental rights (67th), and civil justice (75th)."[36]

text: “Bantay Korte Suprema”[edit]

text: "Watch the Supreme Court" coalition was launched at the Training Center, Ground Floor, Supreme Court Centennial Bldg on November 17, 2008, "to ensure the fair and honest selection of the 7 Associate Justices of the Supreme Court on 2009." Members of “Bantay Korte Suprema” include retired Philippine presidents, retired Supreme Court justices, legislators, legal practitioners, the academe, the business community and the media. former Senate President Jovito Salonga, UP Law Dean Marvic Leonen, Senate Majority Leader and Judicial and Bar Council member Kiko Pangilinan, the Philippine Bar Association, Artemio Panganiban, and Rodolfo Urbiztondo, of the 48,000-strong Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP), and the chambers of commerce, witnessed the landmark event. BKS will neither select nor endorse a candidate, “but if it receive information that makes a candidate incompetent, it will divulge this to the public and inform the JBC." At the BKS launching, the memorandum of understanding (MOU) on the public monitoring of the selection of justices to the SC was signed.

text: Meanwhile, the Supreme Court Appointments Watch (SCAW) coalition of law groups and civil society to monitor the appointment of persons to judicial positions was also re-launched. The SCAW consortium, composed of the Alternative Law Groups, Libertas, Philippine Association of law Schools and the Transparency and Accountability Network, together with the online news magazine Newsbreak, reactivated itself for the JBC selection process of candidates.[37][38][39][40]

text: Current Justices[edit]

text:
Name
Born
Law school
Date of appointment
Date of retirement
Chief Executive
Replacing
Division[41]

Antonio T. Carpio
(Acting Chief Justice)
(Senior Associate Justice)

October 26, 1949
(age 7004250510000000000♠68)
in Davao City
University of the Philippines College of Law
October 26, 2001
October 26, 2019
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Minerva P. Gonzaga-Reyes
Second

Presbitero Velasco Jr.

August 8, 1948
(age 7004254950000000000♠69)
in Pasay
University of the Philippines College of Law
March 31, 2006
August 8, 2018
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Artemio V. Panganiban
Third

Teresita Leonardo-de Castro

October 8, 1948
(age 7004254340000000000♠69)
University of the Philippines College of Law
December 3, 2007
October 8, 2018
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Cancio Garcia
First

Diosdado M. Peralta

March 27, 1952
(age 7004241680000000000♠66)
University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Civil Law
January 14, 2009
March 27, 2022
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Ruben Reyes
Second

Lucas P. Bersamin

October 18, 1949
(age 7004250590000000000♠68)
in Bangued, Abra

University of the East College of Law
April 3, 2009
October 18, 2019
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Adolfo Azcuna
Third

Mariano C. del Castillo

July 29, 1949
(age 7004251400000000000♠68)
Ateneo de Manila Law School
July 29, 2009
July 29, 2019
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo
Ma. Alicia Austria-Martinez
First

Estela Perlas-Bernabe

May 14, 1952
(age 7004241200000000000♠66)
Ateneo de Manila Law School
September 16, 2011
May 14, 2022
Benigno Aquino III
Conchita Carpio-Morales
Second

Marvic Mario Victor F. Leonen

December 29, 1962
(age 7004202390000000000♠55)
University of the Philippines College of Law
November 21, 2012
December 29, 2032
Benigno Aquino III
Maria Lourdes Sereno
Third

Francis H. Jardeleza

September 26, 1949
(age 7004250810000000000♠68)
University of the Philippines College of Law
August 19, 2014
September 26, 2019
Benigno Aquino III
Roberto Abad
First

Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa

September 30, 1959
(age 7004214290000000000♠58)
Ateneo de Manila Law School
January 22, 2016
September 30, 2029
Benigno Aquino III
Martin Villarama Jr.
Second

Samuel R. Martires

January 2, 1949
(age 7004253480000000000♠69)
San Beda College of Law
March 2, 2017
January 2, 2019
Rodrigo Duterte
Jose P. Perez
Third

Noel G. Tijam

January 5, 1949
(age 7004253450000000000♠69)
San Beda College of Law
March 8, 2017
January 5, 2019
Rodrigo Duterte
Arturo D. Brion
First

Andres Reyes Jr.

May 11, 1950
(age 7004248540000000000♠68)
Ateneo de Manila Law School
July 12, 2017
May 11, 2020
Rodrigo Duterte
Bienvenido L. Reyes
Second

Alexander G. Gesmundo

November 6, 1956
(age 7004224830000000000♠61)
Ateneo de Manila Law School
August 14, 2017
November 6, 2026
Rodrigo Duterte
Jose C. Mendoza
Third

text: Supreme Court Justices of the Philippines[edit]

text:
#
Justice
Born
Start of term
End of term
Replacing
Chief Justices
Chief Executive

1
Cayetano Arellano
March 2, 1847
June 11, 1901
April 12, 1920
Newly created seat
First Chief Justice
William Howard Taft

2
Florentino Torres
October 16, 1844
June 17, 1901
April 20, 1920
Newly created seat
Cayetano Arellano
William Howard Taft

3
Victorino Mapa
February 25, 1855
June 17, 1901
October 31, 1913
Newly created seat
Cayetano Arellano
William Howard Taft

4
James Francis Smith
January 28, 1859
June 17, 1901
February 17, 1903
Newly created seat
Cayetano Arellano
William Howard Taft

5
Joseph F. Cooper
March 30, 1854
June 17, 1901
October 17, 1904
Newly created seat
Cayetano Arellano
William Howard Taft

6
Charles A. Willard
May 21, 1857
June 17, 1901
April 24, 1904
Newly created seat
Cayetano Arellano
William Howard Taft

7
Fletcher Ladd
December 21, 1862
June 17, 1901
July 13, 1903
Newly created seat
Cayetano Arellano
William Howard Taft

8
John T. McDonough
July 12, 1843
February 18, 1903
May 1, 1904
James Francis Smith
Cayetano Arellano
William Howard Taft

9
Elias Finley Johnson
June 24, 1861
October 3, 1903
April 1, 1933
Fletcher Ladd
Cayetano Arellano
William Howard Taft

10
Adam Clarke Carson
January 14, 1869
November 16, 1904
November 30, 1920
Charles A. Willard
Cayetano Arellano
Luke Edward Wright

11
James F. Tracy
March 30, 1854
July 1, 1905
July 2, 1909
John T. Mcdonough
Cayetano Arellano
Luke Edward Wright

12
Sherman Moreland
October 16, 1868
February 1, 1909
April 23, 1917

Cayetano Arellano
James Francis Smith

13
Charles Burke Elliott
January 6, 1861
June 3, 1909
February 13, 1910

Cayetano Arellano
James Francis Smith

14
Grant T. Trent

February 28, 1910
April 23, 1917

Cayetano Arellano
William Cameron Forbes

15
Manuel Araullo
January 1, 1853
December 16, 1913
October 31, 1921
Victorino Mapa
Cayetano Arellano
Francis Burton Harrison

16
Thomas A. Street
March 14, 1872
June 13, 1917
June 1, 1935

Cayetano Arellano
Francis Burton Harrison

17
George A. Malcolm
November 5, 1881
July 9, 1917
February 1, 1936

Cayetano Arellano
Francis Burton Harrison

18
Ramón Avanceña
April 13, 1872
October 31, 1917
March 31, 1925

Cayetano Arellano
Francis Burton Harrison

19
Frederich Charles Fisher

November 17, 1917
November 16, 1918

Cayetano Arellano
Francis Burton Harrison

20
Percy M. Moir

November 25, 1918
November 20, 1920

Cayetano Arellano
Francis Burton Harrison

21
Ignacio Villamor
February 1, 1863
May 19, 1920
May 23, 1933

Cayetano Arellano
Francis Burton Harrison

22
James A. Ostrand
January 20, 1871
September 27, 1921
June 30, 1933

Victorino Mapa
Charles Yeater

23
Charles A. Johns
June 25, 1857
October 7, 1921
January 11, 1932
Percy M. Moir
Victorino Mapa
Charles Yeater

24
Norberto Romualdez
June 6, 1875
November 1, 1921
April 1, 1932
Manuel Araullo
Manuel Araullo
Leonard Wood

25
Antonio Villareal
January 17, 1880
June 16, 1925
June 5, 1940
Ramón Avanceña
Ramón Avanceña
Leonard Wood

26
John A. Hull
August 7, 1874
June 1, 1932
February 1, 1936
Charles A. Johns
Ramón Avanceña
Theodore Roosevelt Jr.

27
James C. Vickers
August 5, 1877
June 1, 1932
February 1, 1936

Ramón Avanceña
Theodore Roosevelt Jr.

28
José Abad Santos
February 19, 1886
June 18, 1932
December 23, 1941
Norberto Romualdez
Ramón Avanceña
Theodore Roosevelt Jr.

29
Carlos A. Imperial
November 4, 1880
June 22, 1932
May 20, 1941

Ramón Avanceña
Theodore Roosevelt Jr.

30
George C. Butte
May 9, 1877
July 1, 1932
February 1, 1936

Ramón Avanceña
Theodore Roosevelt Jr.

31
Anacleto Diaz
November 20, 1878
November 20, 1933
December 19, 1941

Ramón Avanceña
Frank Murphy

32
Leonard S. Goddard
January 29, 1871
January 9, 1934
January 29, 1936

Ramón Avanceña
Frank Murphy

33
Claro M. Recto
February 8, 1890
July 3, 1935
November 1, 1936

Ramón Avanceña
Frank Murphy

34
José P. Laurel
March 9, 1891
February 29, 1936
February 5, 1942

Ramón Avanceña
Manuel L. Quezon

35
Pedro Concepción

October 31, 1936
January 1, 1940

Ramón Avanceña
Manuel L. Quezon

36
Manuel V. Moran
October 27, 1893
December 12, 1938
July 9, 1945

Ramón Avanceña
Manuel L. Quezon

37
Roman Ozaeta
February 28, 1891
June 24, 1941
October 16, 1950
Antonio Villareal
Ramón Avanceña
Manuel L. Quezon

38
Ricardo Parás
February 17, 1891
December 28, 1941
April 1, 1951

José Abad Santos
Manuel L. Quezon

39
José Yulo
September 24, 1894
February 5, 1942
May 7, 1942

José Abad Santos
Manuel L. Quezon

40
Jorge C. Bocobo
October 19, 1886
February 5, 1942
January 31, 1944

José Abad Santos
Manuel L. Quezon

41
Jose Generoso

May 11, 1942
July 15, 1948

José Yulo
Manuel L. Quezon

42
Jose Lopez Vito
May 12, 1872
May 11, 1942
January 31, 1944

José Yulo
Manuel L. Quezon

43
Antonio Horrilleno
February 13, 1878
July 1, 1943
August 17, 1945

José Yulo
Manuel L. Quezon

44
Delfin Jaranilla
December 24, 1883
June 6, 1945
June 6, 1946

José Yulo
José P. Laurel
Sergio Osmeña

45
Felicisimo R. Feria
August 6, 1883
June 6, 1945
August 6, 1953

José Yulo
José P. Laurel
Sergio Osmeña

46
Mariano H. De Joya
September 8, 1887
June 6, 1945
June 25, 1945

José Yulo
José P. Laurel
Sergio Osmeña

47
Guillermo Pablo
June 25, 1886
June 6, 1945
June 4, 1955

José Yulo
José P. Laurel
Sergio Osmeña

48
Gregorio Perfecto
November 28, 1891
June 6, 1945
August 17, 1949

José Yulo
José P. Laurel
Sergio Osmeña

49
Emilio Y. Hilado
November 1, 1891
June 6, 1945
May 31, 1948

José Yulo
José P. Laurel
Sergio Osmeña

50
Jose A. Espiritu
April 10, 1886
June 6, 1945
August 15, 1945

José Yulo
José P. Laurel
Sergio Osmeña

51
Manuel C. Briones
January 1, 1894
September 15, 1945
May 24, 1949

Manuel V. Moran
José P. Laurel
Sergio Osmeña

52
César Bengzon
May 29, 1896
September 15, 1945
April 28, 1961

Manuel V. Moran
José P. Laurel
Sergio Osmeña

53
Sabino B. Padilla
August 21, 1894
June 25, 1946
August 21, 1964

Manuel V. Moran
Manuel Roxas

54
Pedro Tuazon
September 15, 1884
June 25, 1946
January 4, 1954

Manuel V. Moran
Manuel Roxas

55
Jose Hontiveros
March 19, 1889
June 25, 1946
October 16, 1947

Manuel V. Moran
Manuel Roxas

56
Alejandro A. Reyes
June 4, 1899
August 6, 1948
June 3, 1959
Jose Generoso
Manuel V. Moran
Elpidio Quirino

57
Marcelino R. Montemayor
July 27, 1890
August 21, 1948
July 27, 1960

Manuel V. Moran
Elpidio Quirino

58
Luis P. Torres
April 8, 1880
August 20, 1949
April 1, 1950

Manuel V. Moran
Elpidio Quirino

59
Felix Angelo Bautista
May 20, 1896
October 20, 1950
May 20, 1956

Manuel V. Moran
Elpidio Quirino

60
Fernando Jugo
May 14, 1891
October 20, 1950
June 3, 1956

Manuel V. Moran
Elpidio Quirino

61
Alejo Labrador
July 17, 1894
April 22, 1952
July 17, 1964

Ricardo Parás
Elpidio Quirino

62
Roberto Concepcion
June 7, 1903
February 9, 1954
June 17, 1966

Ricardo Parás
Ramon Magsaysay

63
Ramon Diokno
March 28, 1886
February 10, 1954
April 21, 1954

Ricardo Parás
Ramon Magsaysay

64
Jose B. L. Reyes
August 19, 1902
June 30, 1954
August 19, 1972
Ramon Diokno
Ricardo Parás
Ramon Magsaysay

65
Pastor M. Endencia
July 26, 1890
December 20, 1955
July 26, 1960

Ricardo Parás
Ramon Magsaysay

66
Alfonso Felix
September 17, 1888
July 24, 1956
September 17, 1958

Ricardo Parás
Ramon Magsaysay

67
Jesus G. Barrera
December 18, 1896
June 5, 1959
December 18, 1966

Ricardo Parás
Carlos P. García

68
Jose Gutierrez David
January 29, 1891
August 28, 1959
January 29, 1961

Ricardo Parás
Carlos P. García

69
Arsenio Dizon
October 5, 1901
July 26, 1960
October 5, 1971

Ricardo Parás
Carlos P. García

70
Jose Ma. Paredes
August 15, 1895
August 18, 1960
August 15, 1965

Ricardo Parás
Carlos P. García

71
Dionisio De Leon
April 8, 1892
April 28, 1961
April 8, 1962

César Bengzon
Carlos P. García

72
Felipe Natividad
September 20, 1891
April 8, 1962
September 20, 1962

César Bengzon
Diosdado Macapagal

73
Roberto Regala
June 7, 1897
May 23, 1962
December 22, 1975

César Bengzon
Diosdado Macapagal

74
Querube Makalintal
December 22, 1910
May 23, 1962
October 21, 1973

César Bengzon
Diosdado Macapagal

75
Calixto Zaldivar
September 13, 1904
September 12, 1964
September 13, 1974

César Bengzon
Diosdado Macapagal

76
Jose P. Bengzon
May 5, 1898
September 12, 1964
May 5, 1968

César Bengzon
Diosdado Macapagal

77
Conrado V. Sanchez
February 19, 1900
May 29, 1966
February 19, 1970

César Bengzon
Ferdinand Marcos

78
Fred Ruiz Castro
September 2, 1914
May 29, 1966
January 5, 1976

César Bengzon
Ferdinand Marcos

79
Eugenio Angeles
November 2, 1868
June 30, 1967
November 2, 1968

Roberto Concepcion
Ferdinand Marcos

80
Enrique Fernando
July 25, 1915
June 30, 1967
July 1, 1979

Roberto Concepcion
Ferdinand Marcos

81
Francisco Capistrano
October 6, 1899
September 16, 1968
October 6, 1969

Roberto Concepcion
Ferdinand Marcos

82
Claudio Teehankee
April 18, 1918
December 17, 1968
April 1, 1986
Eugenio Angeles
Roberto Concepcion
Ferdinand Marcos

83
Antonio P. Barredo
October 1, 1912
December 17, 1968
October 4, 1982

Roberto Concepcion
Ferdinand Marcos

84
Julio Villamor
April 12, 1902
January 24, 1970
April 12, 1972

Roberto Concepcion
Ferdinand Marcos

85
Felix Makasiar
November 20, 1915
August 2, 1970
July 25, 1985
Conrado V. Sanchez
Roberto Concepcion
Ferdinand Marcos

86
Felix Q. Antonio
May 18, 1911
June 1972
May 18, 1980

Roberto Concepcion
Ferdinand Marcos

87
Salvador V. Esguerra
June 19, 1906
June 1972
June 19, 1976

Roberto Concepcion
Ferdinand Marcos

88
Estanislao A. Fernandez
March 28, 1910
October 19, 1973
March 28, 1975
Jose B. L. Reyes
Querube Makalintal
Ferdinand Marcos

89
Cecilia Muñoz-Palma
November 22, 1913
October 29, 1973
November 22, 1978
Newly created seat
Querube Makalintal
Ferdinand Marcos

90
Ramon Aquino
August 31, 1917
October 29, 1973
November 19, 1985
Newly created seat
Querube Makalintal
Ferdinand Marcos

91
Hermogenes Concepcion Jr.
April 7, 1920
April 18, 1975
April 16, 1986
Calixto Zaldivar
Querube Makalintal
Ferdinand Marcos

92
Ruperto G. Martin
March 27, 1913
April 18, 1975
January 10, 1978
Estanislao A. Fernandez
Querube Makalintal
Ferdinand Marcos

93
Guillermo S. Santos
January 23, 1915
May 27, 1977
January 23, 1980

Fred Ruiz Castro
Ferdinand Marcos

94
Ramon C. Fernandez
February 16, 1916
May 27, 1977
May 11, 1982

Fred Ruiz Castro
Ferdinand Marcos

95
Juvenal K. Guerrero
November 4, 1916
May 11, 1977
November 4, 1984

Fred Ruiz Castro
Ferdinand Marcos

96
Vicente Abad Santos
July 12, 1916
January 17, 1979
July 12, 1986
Fred Ruiz Castro
Fred Ruiz Castro
Ferdinand Marcos

97
Pacifico P. De Castro
July 16, 1915
January 17, 1979
May 31, 1984

Fred Ruiz Castro
Ferdinand Marcos

98
Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera
May 11, 1922
January 17, 1979
May 11, 1992
Cecilia Muñoz-Palma
Fred Ruiz Castro
Ferdinand Marcos (1979)
Corazon Aquino (1986)

99
Vicente G. Ericta
February 3, 1915
November 20, 1981
May 11, 1982

Enrique Fernando
Ferdinand Marcos

100
Efren I. Plana
June 28, 1928
November 20, 1981
April 16, 1986

Enrique Fernando
Ferdinand Marcos

101
Venicio T. Escolin
February 13, 1921
November 20, 1981
April 15, 1986

Enrique Fernando
Ferdinand Marcos

102
Conrado M. Vasquez
September 13, 1913
May 14, 1982
September 30, 1983
Ramon C. Fernandez
Enrique Fernando
Ferdinand Marcos

103
Lorenzo Relova
January 20, 1916
May 14, 1982
January 19, 1986

Enrique Fernando
Ferdinand Marcos

104
Hugo Gutierrez Jr.
January 29, 1927
May 14, 1982
March 31, 1993

Enrique Fernando
Ferdinand Marcos

105
Buenaventura S. De La Fuente
July 14, 1922
February 28, 1984
March 6, 1986
Conrado M. Vasquez
Enrique Fernando
Ferdinand Marcos

106
Serafin R. Cuevas
June 25, 1928
June 1, 1984
April 16, 1986

Enrique Fernando
Ferdinand Marcos

107
Nestor B. Alampay
February 17, 1920
January 24, 1985
March 17, 1986

Enrique Fernando
Ferdinand Marcos

108
Lino M. Patajo
September 23, 1916
July 31, 1985
April 16, 1986

Felix Makasiar
Ferdinand Marcos

109
Jose Feria
January 11, 1917
April 7, 1986
January 10, 1987
Felix Makasiar
Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

110
Pedro Yap
July 1, 1918
April 8, 1986
April 18, 1988
Leo D. Medialdea
Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

111
Marcelo Fernan
October 24, 1927
April 9, 1986
June 30, 1988

Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

112
Andres Narvasa
November 30, 1928
April 10, 1986
December 7, 1991

Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

113
Isagani A. Cruz
October 11, 1924
April 16, 1986
October 11, 1994

Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

114
Edgardo L. Paras
July 4, 1922
April 16, 1986
July 4, 1992

Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

115
Florentino P. Feliciano
March 14, 1928
August 8, 1986
December 13, 1995

Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

116
Teodoro R. Padilla
August 24, 1927
January 12, 1987
August 22, 1997

Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

117
Abdulwahid A. Bidin
April 7, 1925
January 12, 1987
May 7, 1995

Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

118
Emilio A. Gancayco
August 20, 1921
January 12, 1987
August 20, 1991

Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

119
Abraham F. Sarmiento
October 8, 1921
January 25, 1987
October 8, 1991
Vicente Abad Santos
Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

120
Irene R. Cortes
October 20, 1921
February 1, 1987
October 20, 1990
Jose Feria
Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

121
Carolina Griño-Aquino
October 22, 1923
February 2, 1988
October 22, 1993

Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

122
Leo D. Medialdea
August 17, 1927
May 2, 1988
November 7, 1992

Claudio Teehankee
Corazon Aquino

123
Florenz D. Regalado
October 13, 1928
July 29, 1988
October 13, 1998
Marcelo Fernan
Marcelo Fernan
Corazon Aquino

124
Hilario Davide Jr.
December 20, 1935
January 24, 1991
November 29, 1998
Irene R. Cortes
Marcelo Fernan
Corazon Aquino

125
Flerida Ruth Romero
August 1, 1929
October 21, 1991
August 1, 1999
Abraham F. Sarmiento
Marcelo Fernan
Corazon Aquino

126
Rodolfo A. Nocon
March 15, 1924
December 2, 1991
March 15, 1994

Marcelo Fernan
Corazon Aquino

127
Josue N. Bellosillo
November 13, 1933
March 3, 1992
November 13, 2003
Andres Narvasa
Andres Narvasa
Corazon Aquino

128
Jose Melo
May 30, 1932
August 10, 1992
May 30, 2002
Ameurfina Melencio-Herrera
Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

129
Jose C. Campos Jr.
April 9, 1923
September 3, 1992
April 9, 1993

Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

130
Camilo D. Quiason
July 18, 1925
February 1, 1993
July 18, 1995
Leo D. Medialdea
Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

131
Reynato Puno
May 17, 1940
June 28, 1993
December 7, 2007
Hugo Gutierrez
Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

132
Jose C. Vitug
July 15, 1934
June 28, 1993
July 15, 2004
Jose C. Campos Jr.
Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

133
Santiago M. Kapunan
August 12, 1932
January 5, 1994
August 12, 2002
Carolina Griño-Aquino
Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

134
Vicente V. Mendoza
April 5, 1933
June 7, 1994
April 5, 2003
Rodolfo A. Nocon
Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

135
Ricardo J. Francisco
February 13, 1928
January 5, 1995
February 13, 1998
Isagani A. Cruz
Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

136
Regino C. Hermosisima Jr.
February 2, 1929
January 10, 1995
October 18, 1997

Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

137
Artemio Panganiban
December 7, 1937
October 5, 1995
December 19, 2005
Camilo Quiason
Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

138
Justo P. Torres Jr.
November 1, 1927
March 11, 1996
November 1, 1997

Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

139
Antonio M. Martinez
February 2, 1929
November 10, 1997
February 2, 1999

Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

140
Leonardo A. Quisumbing
November 6, 1939
January 15, 1998
November 6, 2009
Justo P. Torres Jr.
Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

141
Fidel P. Purisima
October 28, 1930
January 20, 1998
October 28, 2000
Regino C. Hermosisima Jr.
Andres Narvasa
Fidel Ramos

142
Bernardo P. Pardo
February 11, 1932
September 30, 1998
February 11, 2002
Ricardo J. Francisco
Andres Narvasa
Joseph Estrada

143
Arturo B. Buena
March 25, 1932
January 5, 1999
March 25, 2002
Florenz D. Regalado
Hilario Davide Jr.
Joseph Estrada

144
Minerva P. Gonzaga-Reyes
September 25, 1931
January 5, 1999
September 25, 2001
Hilario Davide Jr.
Hilario Davide Jr.
Joseph Estrada

145
Consuelo Ynares-Santiago
October 5, 1939
April 6, 1999
October 5, 2009
Antonio Martinez
Hilario Davide Jr.
Joseph Estrada

146
Sabino R. De Leon Jr.
June 9, 1932
October 12, 1999
June 9, 2002
Flerida Ruth Pineda-Romero
Hilario Davide Jr.
Joseph Estrada

147
Angelina Sandoval-Gutierrez
February 28, 1938
December 22, 2000
February 28, 2008
Fidel P. Purisima
Hilario Davide Jr.
Joseph Estrada

148
Antonio T. Carpio
October 26, 1949
October 26, 2001
October 26, 2019
Minerva P. Gonzaga-Reyes
Hilario Davide Jr.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

149
Alicia Austria-Martinez
December 19, 1940
April 9, 2002
April 30, 2009
Bernardo P. Pardo
Hilario Davide Jr.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

150
Renato C. Corona
October 15, 1948
April 9, 2002
May 17, 2010
Arturo B. Buena
Hilario Davide Jr.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

151
Conchita Carpio-Morales
June 19, 1941
August 26, 2002
June 19, 2011
Jose Melo
Hilario Davide Jr.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

152
Romeo J. Callejo, Sr.
April 28, 1937
August 26, 2002
April 28, 2007
Sabino R. De Leon Jr.
Hilario Davide Jr.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

153
Adolfo S. Azcuna
February 16, 1939
October 17, 2002
February 16, 2009
Santiago M. Kapunan
Hilario Davide Jr.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

154
Dante O. Tiñga
May 11, 1939
July 4, 2003
May 11, 2009
Vicente V. Mendoza
Hilario Davide Jr.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

155
Minita V. Chico-Nazario
December 5, 1939
February 10, 2004
December 5, 2009
Josue N. Bellosillo
Hilario Davide Jr.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

156
Cancio C. Garcia
October 30, 1937
October 7, 2004
October 30, 2007
Jose C. Vitug
Hilario Davide Jr.
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

157
Presbitero Velasco Jr.
August 8, 1948
March 31, 2006
August 8, 2018
Artemio V. Panganiban
Artemio V. Panganiban
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

158
Antonio Eduardo B. Nachura
June 13, 1941
February 7, 2007
June 13, 2011
Reynato Puno
Reynato Puno
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

159
Ruben T. Reyes
January 3, 1939
August 2, 2007
January 3, 2009
Romeo J. Callejo, Sr.
Reynato Puno
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

160
Teresita De Castro
October 8, 1948
December 3, 2007
October 8, 2018
Cancio Garcia
Reynato Puno
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

161
Arturo D. Brion
December 29, 1946
March 17, 2008
December 29, 2016
Angelina Sandoval-Gutierrez
Reynato Puno
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

162
Diosdado M. Peralta
March 27, 1952
January 14, 2009
March 27, 2022
Ruben Reyes
Reynato Puno
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

163
Lucas P. Bersamin
October 18, 1949
April 3, 2009
October 18, 2019
Adolfo Azcuna
Reynato Puno
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

164
Mariano C. del Castillo
July 29, 1949
July 29, 2009
July 29, 2019
Ma. Alicia Austria-Martinez
Reynato Puno
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

165
Roberto A. Abad
May 22, 1944
August 7, 2009
May 22, 2014
Dante O. Tiñga
Reynato Puno
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

166
Martin Villarama Jr.
April 14, 1946
November 6, 2009
January 16, 2016
Consuelo Ynares-Santiago
Reynato Puno
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

167
Jose P. Perez
December 14, 1946
December 26, 2009
December 14, 2016
Leonardo A. Quisumbing
Reynato Puno
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

168
Jose C. Mendoza
August 13, 1947
January 4, 2010
August 13, 2017
Minita Chico-Nazario
Reynato Puno
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

169
Maria Lourdes Sereno
July 2, 1960
August 13, 2010
May 11, 2018
Renato C. Corona
Renato C. Corona
Benigno Aquino III

170
Bienvenido L. Reyes
July 6, 1947
August 20, 2011
July 6, 2017
Antonio Eduardo Nachura
Renato C. Corona
Benigno Aquino III

171
Estela Perlas-Bernabe
May 14, 1952
September 16, 2011
May 14, 2022
Conchita Carpio-Morales
Renato C. Corona
Benigno Aquino III

172
Marvic Mario Victor F. Leonen
December 29, 1962
November 21, 2012
December 29, 2032
Maria Lourdes Sereno
Maria Lourdes Sereno
Benigno Aquino III

173
Francis H. Jardeleza
September 26, 1949
August 19, 2014
September 26, 2019
Roberto Abad
Maria Lourdes Sereno
Benigno Aquino III

174
Alfredo Benjamin Caguioa
September 30, 1959
January 22, 2016
September 30, 2029
Martin Villarama Jr.
Maria Lourdes Sereno
Benigno Aquino III

175
Samuel R. Martires
January 2, 1949
March 2, 2017
January 2, 2019
Jose P. Perez
Maria Lourdes Sereno
Rodrigo Duterte

176
Noel G. Tijam
January 5, 1949
March 8, 2017
January 5, 2019
Arturo D. Brion
Maria Lourdes Sereno
Rodrigo Duterte

177
Andres Reyes Jr.
May 11, 1950
July 12, 2017
May 11, 2020
Bienvenido L. Reyes
Maria Lourdes Sereno
Rodrigo Duterte

178
Alexander G. Gesmundo
November 6, 1956
August 14, 2017
November 6, 2026
Jose C. Mendoza
Maria Lourdes Sereno
Rodrigo Duterte

text: Philippine court system[edit]

text:
Court of Appeals

Regional Trial Courts

Metropolitan Trial Courts
Municipal Trial Courts in Cities
Municipal Trial Courts
Municipal Circuit Trial Courts

Shari'a District Courts

Shari'a Circuit Courts

Sandiganbayan
Philippine Court of Tax Appeals