document_title: List of My Name Is Earl characters

question_text: who played frank on my name is earl

question_tokens: who played frank on my name is earl

text: List of My Name Is Earl characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Earl Hickey[edit]

text: Earl Jehosephat Hickey[a] (played by Jason Lee)[i] — The titular and viewpoint character, he has a long history of petty crimes and other repugnant acts of bullying classmates and taking advantage of others. In the opening episode, he wins a lottery scratcher but is immediately hit by a car; during his recovery where he watches a Carson Daly interview where the latter talks about karma, he realizes he has been a bad person and tries to turn his life around by making a list of all the bad things he has done and doing the good deeds to cross them off the list. He discovers that when he does good things, he is rewarded by karma, first by getting the lottery ticket back. But when he ignores the list, as especially demonstrated in the episode "The Professor", bad things continue to happen. One of the recurring gags regarding Earl is that he always has his eyes closed when his picture is taken. He has a mustache and tends to wear flannel shirts, although in his past, he also wears concert T-shirts from classic rock bands. He drives a 1973 red El Camino[2] that once belonged to his friend Frank: it has a blue driver's side door, found in a tornado. Earl's father Carl intended to name him after himself, but put in an extra loop on his cursive letter 'C' on the birth certificate.

text: Randy Hickey[edit]

text: Randall Doo Hickey[a] (played by Ethan Suplee)[ii] – Earl's younger brother. He and Earl used to commit a bunch of crimes together, but he goes along with Earl on his list. In "Monkeys in Space", when he tries to get a job, Earl finds that he is unable to fulfill his list item in time until Randy helps him. In the episode "Number One", he breaks down and questions the entire process. His character was initially described as equally nasty and tough but after Earl started working on the list, he becomes naive, childlike, and simplistic.[4] In "Harassed a Reporter" he is upset that the reporter portrayed him as mentally retarded, but when she mentions that it could be karma, he is happy that karma noticed him and considered him important.

text: Randy has a crush on Catalina, calling dibs on her when they first met. He dated a woman who liked cats in the episode "Larceny of a Kitty Cat", despite being allergic to them. Although he is afraid of birds, especially chickens, he is willing to forgo that for love as shown in "South of the Border (Part 1)", and in part 2, they get married at Catalina's village. In the episode "Foreign Exchange Student" he finally tells Catalina he loves her, but Catalina intentionally makes herself repulsive when they consummate the marriage later that night, after which Randy doesn't want to live with her anymore and just keeps it a green card marriage.

text: In season 3, after finding that he is unable to function independently, he gets a job as a warden at the same state prison so he can hang out with Earl. In the episode "Creative Writing", Earl remarks that a psychologist had called Randy "borderline artistic". In the "Inside Probe" episodes, Geraldo Rivera describes him as the town simpleton and reveals he has 77 misdemeanors like his brother.

text: Joy Turner[edit]

text: Joy Farrah Turner (née Darville, also Joy Hickey) (played by Jaime Pressly) is Earl's ex-wife who divorces him in the first episode and then marries his friend Darnell during the first season of the series. She is pessimistic, cold-hearted, stubborn and vain. Joy is the mother of two boys, Dodge and Earl Jr. She drives a Subaru BRAT painted with the American flag.[5] Her catchphrases are "Oh, snap!", "What the hell", and she frequently calls both Earl and Randy "Dummy". She is openly scornful of Earl's List, and has a strong dislike for Catalina, although she ends up saving her life in the fourth season.

text: The episodes "The Bounty Hunter" and "Guess Who's Coming Out of Joy" cover parts of Joy's past. When she was pregnant with her first child, she was kicked out of her parents' house in the neighboring town of Nathanville. She looked for a sugar daddy, dating local celebrity TV's Tim Stack briefly. She and her friends get Earl drunk, after which they have a shotgun wedding in Las Vegas and move into a trailer at the Pimmit Hills Trailer Park. She would often go along with Earl, Randy, Ralph, Donny and others on their crime sprees. She has an affair with Darnell but when she becomes pregnant with her second child, she convinces Earl that he is the father. Some years later, at the start of the series, she and Earl divorce, but after he signs the papers, he wins the lottery money. Joy then tries some schemes to get her share, but eventually gives up. She then marries Darnell in the episode "Joy's Wedding". Although she is rather selfish and frugal, she cares deeply for her boys.

text: In the second season, Joy gets in trouble with the law when she was trying to return an entertainment system cabinet and ended up stealing a truck with a store employee in it. Her charges of grand theft auto, kidnapping, and assault would count as the third strike, which would put her in prison for life. She is appointed a deaf lawyer (Marlee Matlin), who gets her involved with an addiction recovery group for her anger, and also prescribes happy pills. Hoping to evoke sympathy from the jury, Joy agrees to be a surrogate mother for her half-sister Liberty. The trial goes well until Earl's 911 calls are presented. However, Earl then confesses to all the crimes and takes the punishment.

text: The third season has Joy being pregnant while taking care of Randy until the latter becomes a warden at the prison that Earl is staying. She gives birth to the baby for Liberty and Ray Ray's family. Joy believed throughout the show that Little Chubby was the father of Dodge and Darnell was the father of Earl Jr. It is revealed in 'Dodges Dad' that Earl is the biological father of Dodge, but Earl Jr.'s father is never named because of the shows cancellation.

text: Catalina [edit]

text: Catalina Rana Aruca[iii] (played by Nadine Velazquez)—The beautiful housekeeper at Earl and Randy's motel. Randy has a major crush on Catalina, immediately calling dibs on her when they first met. She was the top dancer at Club Chubby for about a month, where her routine simply consisted of jumping in place to House of Pain's "Jump Around" song, until one of the patrons died, at which she vowed never to dance again. She dislikes Joy, but later returns to Club Chubby in the season 2 episode "Jump for Joy" when she sees how Earl tries hard to make things better. She also helps Earl on one of the items on his list in the episode "Mailbox". Season 2 features a story arc where Catalina is arrested for speeding and deported to her village. When Earl and Randy arrive, she gets news that Earl has agreed to marry her, but Earl lets Randy do it. In the "Foreign Exchange Student" episode, Randy and Catalina rent an apartment in order to keep up appearances, but when Randy tells her he loves her, Catalina tells Earl she only wants to be friends with Randy. She takes actions to be as physically repulsive as possible when Randy and she consummate their marriage, but afterwards regrets it as she finds that Randy is the best lover she's had. In the season 3 episode "Love Octagon", she declares that she is a new lesbian, but her attempts to woo Billie Cunningham fail.

text: Catalina was born in the small town of Guadalatucky,[a] a Latin American village stricken with violence and poverty. She was prompted by her lover Paco to come to America. She is placed in a crate and inside a car. In the season 4 flashback episode, "Earl and Joy's Anniversary", when she was trapped in the phone booth with some Africanized bees outside, she said she was from La Paz, and lost her virginity in a foursome with Darnell, Patty, and Kenny. She occasionally wires money to her family in the village. In the episode "Kept a Guy Locked in a Truck", it is revealed she lives in a shared laundry room at the motel..

text: In some episodes, Catalina breaks the fourth wall with her Spanish lines: In the episode "Barn Burner", she thanks the Latino audience for turning in every week.[b] In the episode "Number One", her quipping at Joy translates to thanking the audience and hoping they will see them next fall.[c]

text: Darnell Turner [edit]

text: Darnell Turner (played by Eddie Steeples)—Joy's husband, and still one of Earl's best friends despite apparently impregnating Earl's then-wife Joy. He now acts as "New Daddy" to Joy's two sons. He works in the local dive, "The Crab Shack". Whenever Earl greets Darnell, he calls him "Crab Man" (or "Crabman"), and he has a generally friendly disposition. In the episode "Y2K", it is revealed that he used to go by the name Harry Monroe, until he was placed in a witness protection program where he was to assume his new identity of Darnell Turner and was told to avoid liking cheese (which he still likes). He has a pet turtle whom he calls Mr. Turtle.

text: Part of the season 4 episodes go into Darnell's history where he was raised and trained by his father Thomas Monroe (played by Danny Glover) in a secret government agency, and had developed the skills to be a top secret agent. However, when he refused to kill a nine-year-old leader of a socialist nation, and after testifying in court against his former employers, the government had to place him in witness protection from the agency. His cover is blown when he was shown on national television restraining Joy at a game show audition, so he, Joy, and their kids had to go under protection and assume other identities and live elsewhere. He agrees to join his father on one more mission, taking along Earl and sedating him multiple times, to free himself from having to need protection.

text: In the episode "Our 'Cops' Is On" it is shown that he used to live with his supposed grandmother and grew and sold marijuana in his bedroom. In "Buried Treasure", he narrates that he graduated college at age 14, was a virtuoso cellist, and could identify 254 varieties of cheese. Darnell speaks multiple languages: In "The Frank Factor" he tells Catalina that he speaks French, Russian and Arabic. He is also seen reading a newspaper printed in another language. In "My Name Is Alias", Joy remarks that he knows 7 different languages, and 3 combat sports that ends in "do." Occasionally, Darnell's afro is shown to hide cell phones which self-destruct after use. It is mentioned in season 4 he might have had a brother, and that his sister Pam died.

text: It is revealed in the very last episode of the show that Earl Jr., generally believed to be his son, is not.

text: Relatives of the protagonists[edit]

text: Dodge Hickey[edit]

text: Dodge Hickey (played by Louis T. Moyle) is Joy's oldest son. Joy was six months pregnant with him when she and Earl got married the day after they met. In the pilot, Earl tells us "Joy didn't remember much about the boy's real father, except that he drove a Ford. So we named him Dodge." His middle name is Chaz, named after Earl's childhood hero, astronaut Chaz Dalton. His biological father was the subject of several episodes: Frank was a possibility in "The Frank Factor", and in the season 4 finale "Dodge's Dad", Camden's biggest business owner Little Chubby was another possibility, but DNA tests later revealed Earl to be the biological father.

text: Earl Hickey, Jr.[edit]

text: Earl Hickey, Jr. (played by Trey Carlisle) is Joy and Darnell's son. After introducing Dodge in the pilot, Earl explains, "A few years later we were having our first child from my own personal seed. Doctors had already told us he was going to come out a boy, so we went ahead and named him." But as the doctor holds up a newborn mixed-race baby, Earl gets a confused look on his face and finishes: "There he was — Earl Junior." He has a huge afro and is frequently seen playing rambunctiously with his half-brother, Dodge. Originally thought to be Darnell's child, a DNA test in the season 4 finale "Dodge's Dad" revealed that Darnell was not Earl Jr.'s father. Greg Garcia said that he and the writers had planned to make Earl Jr's dad someone famous, but because the show was cancelled, they never got a chance to figure it out.[6]

text: Carl Hickey[edit]

text: Carlton Hickey (played by Beau Bridges) is Earl and Randy's father. He first appears in "Cost Dad the Election" where he had run for mayor but lost because of Earl's shenanigans that got the latter arrested. He originally ran for mayor because of the airport flight path was directed over his residential area, causing his entire house to vibrate several times a day, which angers him very much. He is sorely disappointed in his sons and refused to have anything to do with Earl. However, he gradually realizes his son's efforts to improve his life were sincere and he and Earl are able to mend their relationship. In the episode "Dad's Car", he says that he had originally planned to name Earl after himself, but had put in an extra loop on the "C" when using cursive writing on the birth certificate.

text: Kay Hickey [edit]

text: Katherine "Kay" Hickey (played by Nancy Lenehan) is Earl and Randy's mother. She is also disappointed in Earl but is more tolerant than Carl. She is happy Earl is trying to turn his life around. She spends a lot of time dealing with Carl's battered ego. Earl's friend Ralph attempted unsuccessfully to come on to her after learning Earl had slept with Ralph's mother.

text: Liberty Washington[edit]

text: Liberty Washington (played by Tamala Jones) is Joy's mixed race half-sister, introduced in the season 2 episode "Blow". They had hated each other since grade school. She aspires to be a pro wrestler. She is married to Ray Ray. She and Joy eventually bond to the point where Joy became a surrogate mother for Liberty and her husband Ray Ray's baby. She and Ray Ray insist that Joy follow certain dietary restrictions and have a natural childbirth.

text: Ray Ray Washington[edit]

text: Ray Ray Washington (played by DJ Qualls) is Liberty's husband, who shares many character traits with Darnell. He owns a bearded dragon named "Mr. Bearded Dragon" whom he treats in the same fatherly manner that Darnell treats Mr. Turtle. His father's name was "Ray" and named him "Ray-Ray", that is why he would like to name his unborn child "Ray-Ray-Ray". In 'Midnight Bun', Joy gives birth to their daughter Ray Ray Ray Anne, after she acts as a surrogate for Liberty and Ray Ray due to Liberty wanting to have a wrestling career.

text: Billie Cunningham[edit]

text: Billie Cunningham (played by Alyssa Milano) is a young woman who first appears in the season 3 episode "Frank's Girl". She had graduated from community college when she met Frank Stump and joined Frank in a life of crime, robbing stores and other places. During a conjugal visit, Earl informs her that Frank got placed in solitary confinement again, which prompts her to break up with Frank, especially when she finds out he had shared with Earl a nude picture of her. Earl convinces Billie to give Frank a second chance, but learns that since Frank has been in prison, Billie has been getting her life back together and enrolled in nursing school. Not wanting her to be sabotaged by the relationship, Earl has Frank break up with her.

text: It was later revealed that Billie had gone back to her criminal ways, quitting nursing school, stealing her cousin's rent money and gas, and robbing a liquor store. She crashes into Earl with her car but then gets hit by a car herself when going for help. After some time in the hospital, Officer Stuart Daniels, who had hit her with the car, looks after her, telling her that she had killed Earl and needed to lay low at his place. While Earl is in a coma, he imagines Billie as his loving housewife in a television sitcom called The Hickeys. After seeing Stuart, Frank, Earl, and Catalina (who was trying to be a lesbian and coming onto her), she eventually chooses Earl and they get married. She attempts to make her own list, but only does a half effort on it. With her insurance settlement, she controls the finances in the marriage but becomes very frugal with Earl. In the season 3 finale, she gets very jealous of Earl spending so much time with his list, and makes him choose between her and the list. However, the police catch up to her and she escapes into an Amish-type settlement near Camden, where she finds inner peace. She not only divorces Earl but also gives him $72,000, what was left of her insurance settlement.

text: Earl's friends and acquaintances[edit]

text: Kenny James[edit]

text: Kenneth James (played by Gregg Binkley, played as a child by Andy Pessoa) is a former victim of Earl's bullying as a child, Kenny is one of the first items on his list that Earl attempts to fix by helping him come out as homosexual and restoring his confidence. As a result, the two became friends and Kenny helps Earl with completing his list whenever he can, usually to his comedic detriment.[d] He has a job as an assistant manager of a copy shop, which he uses to his advantage, such as printing fake birth certificates and résumés. He drives a powder blue Le Car which he also uses to help out Earl.[e] In the episode "Stole P's HD Cart", he helped Earl and the gang get jobs at a hot dog company by passing their typing exams. After his boyfriend dumped him, Kenny asked Earl to help him become more of a manly man, which unwittingly led to both of them having a gambling addiction. He joins Joy's addiction recovery group. In the flashback episode "Our Cops Is On", he had prepared his house to receive officer Stuart Daniels. In "Our Other Cops Is On", he won a ride-along with a cop prize in a silent auction and got to hang out with Officer Daniels for the day. During the flashback episodes, when the camera is on him, he tries to act masculine and heterosexual. He is one of the few people in Camden who uses the World Wide Web at home. At the end of the third season, he and Daniels become lovers.

text: Patty, the daytime hooker [edit]

text: Patricia Michelle Weezmer[a] (played by Dale Dickey) is a middle-aged prostitute in Camden County. She prefers to work during the daytime, exchanging sexual favors and other fetishes such as piggyback rides or massages at a major discount and often getting paid in fast food. She is often arrested. In the evening, she works as a waitress (episode "Monkeys Take a Bath") and has been involved in community theatre (episode "Inside Probe, Part 1"). She has also spent time outside of Camden: in her early 20s she was in Calcutta (episode "Number One"), and she also lived in La Paz, the same city as Catalina. (episode "Earl and Joy's Anniversary"). In the episode "Inside Probe, Part 1", it is revealed she was half-Cherokee and lived on an Indian reservation before her mother divorced her father, Chasing Squirrel.

text: Ralph Mariano[edit]

text: Ralph Mariano (played by Giovanni Ribisi, played as a child by Tanner Maguire) is a former partner in crime and good friend of Earl's, who goes in and out of jail on an almost weekly basis. He and Earl have been friends since childhood, when Earl first taught Ralph how to steal. He isn't the most observant person in the world and doesn't quite understand the whole karma lifestyle. Following in Earl's footsteps, he attempts to clean up his act by getting a job at a lamp store, only to go back to stealing the same day because he didn't win the lottery.[e] A dedicated criminal, he will do anything for $200. He has a sister who dances at Club Chubby. He also once started a short-lived rock band along with Earl and Randy. He has several tattoos, including a Yin Yang on his forearm (which was put there because he thought it was 'two tadpoles doin' it') and 'two cougars doin' it' on his ankle. He only has nine toes following an incident where he cut his pinky toe off to put in a hotdog, forcing a huge hotdog franchise pay a settlement, which was used to rebuild the local hotdog stand that he was once paid by them to burn down in the episode Stole P's HD Cart. After learning that Earl had once slept with his mother, Ralph makes him marry her to "make an honest woman" out of her in the episode Van Hickey. When Earl is sentenced to 2 years in Camden County Prison, Ralph is his cellmate, only to escape the next day by drilling a hole behind a Dolly Parton poster, make a dummy with a watermelon for the head, and leaving Earl behind. He explains in his letter that he would have let Earl come with him but he was hungry and ate the second watermelon. He is also mentioned in 'Bounty Hunter' as having a bounty for $1200 for larceny of a dog and resisting arrest.

text: Donny Jones[edit]

text: Donny Jones (played by Silas Weir Mitchell) is a friend of Earl's and a former criminal who had been wrongly convicted of attempted robbery (Earl used Donny's shirt in the robbery). During his prison sentence of two years, he began reading the Bible and found Jesus. Once Earl confessed to Donny about committing the crime, Donny forgave him on the basis he would have eventually gone to prison anyway. He has two tattoos: one of Jesus on his chest, from which he occasionally seeks advice; and one on his buttocks of Moses parting the Red Sea.[f] He also appeared in the flashback episode "Y2K" where he was part of Earl's group that took over a department store. Even though Donny has now reformed he still intimidates people, mainly Earl, because he has "crazy eyes" and a towering stature. In "Quit Smoking", Earl says often that "Donny is crazy."

text: Nescobar-A-Lop-Lop[edit]

text: Nescobar-A-Lop-Lop (played by Abdoulaye N'Gom) is an African immigrant appearing in the episode "Teacher Earl" as a student in Earl's English language class. Like other class members, he proudly greets Earl with his first English phrase: "My. Name. Is. Earl.", but then uses that as a greeting. In addition to Earl's class, he picks up much of his English from watching American television, and uses the catchphrase "Seacrest. Out.". In "The Birthday Party" when Earl asks him how the English lessons are coming, Nescobar replies "I speak better than you, bitch!" In the season 2 episode "Born a Gamblin' Man", he is part of Joy's addiction recovery group where he is addicted to stealing pens, this becoming a recurring gag in later episodes. At Joy's trial, he helps Joy's lawyer by translating the sign language interpreter's Mandarin Chinese words.[iv]

text: Jasper[edit]

text: Jasper (played by J. Lamont Pope) runs a fencing operation out of a self storage unit, selling merchandise stolen from the local mall at a discount rate. He has a Russian mail-order bride named Tatiana (played by Jessica Cauffiel) who apparently lives in the storage unit and does not like kissing him. She has a large mole on her chin.

text: Frank Stump[edit]

text: Frank Stump (played by Michael Rapaport) is an old friend of Earl and Randy's that is introduced in the episode "The Frank Factor". He was subletting rooms in his trailer and agreed to have Earl and Randy stay in the kitchen area while his other roommate Paco had the living room. He was also formerly employed at the Crab Shack. However, he had also made a living stealing things and was saving up for guns to pull off a robbery at an Indian casino. The robbery went off without a hitch, but during the getaway, Paco accidentally hits an FBI van. He is serving a 20-year sentence. His trailer is then occupied by Joy and Earl, and his El Camino is used by Earl. In the episode "Frank's Girl", he has been dating young woman named Billie who had graduated from community college and joined him in a life of crime, but after missing a conjugal visit and being convinced by Earl, he agrees to part ways with her. In "Randy in Charge", he joins a group of prisoners to give a Scared Straight! talk at a school, but when Randy sends the two other convicts to buy ice cream and has to check on them, he escapes. In the next episode "Midnight Bun", he returns to his trailer where he had hidden a gun and some cash, but Randy's prison K-9 dog eventually stops him and he returns to prison. In "Early Release" he helps Earl plan an escape from prison by sharing what tactics have not worked, but when he and Paco leave Earl and escape, they crash into a police car and have to return. In "Love Octagon", he lives in a halfway house where he wears a shock collar on his neck.

text: Paco[edit]

text: Paco (played by Raymond Cruz) is Frank Stump's trailermate and usual partner in crime, introduced in the season 3 episode "The Frank Factor". He is Catalina's childhood sweetheart and hopes to reunite with her. He sends for her around the time they were planning on a big robbery of an Indian casino, however, when he and Frank were making their getaway, he is distracted by Catalina on the side of the road, and inadvertently hits an FBI van (the one that Darnell got out of.) He is serving time in the same prison as Frank and Earl. In "Midnight Bun" he accidentally reveals that Frank had hidden some cash in the trailer. In "Early Release", he and Frank escape from prison, but when Paco sees Catalina on the side of the road again, he crashes into a police car and has to return. In "Love Octagon", due to prison overcrowding, he lives in a halfway house and works at Camden Foreign Foods as its mascot Senor Lo Mein. He also finally reunites with Catalina in that episode, but does not appear in any episodes following.

text: Other recurring characters[edit]

text: Didi[edit]

text: Didi (played by Tracy Ashton) is the one-legged girl from whom Earl stole a car after telling her he loved her. She works at Yummy's Donut Shop (episode "Monkeys in Space") and has a fast one-armed, no-legged boyfriend named Jake (played by Cameron Clapp), whom she met while hopping after Earl's winning lottery ticket as it blew in the wind (episode "Number One"). She is still angry at Earl and had her boyfriend chase him away when he tried to apologize. Didi gets around by hopping (although she does possess a prosthetic leg, the only use it gets is when her dog humps it), whereas her boyfriend uses prosthetic limbs and is quite agile. She lives across the street from Donny Jones. She always called Earl a "Son of a Bitch" when she sees him, and chases after him. The exact cause of her losing a leg is unknown; however, in "Our Other Cops Is On", Didi states that "she already survived one explosion". She finally forgives Earl in the season 3 finale where she has Earl try to live a day on one leg.

text: Electrolarynx Guy[edit]

text: Electrolarynx Guy (played by Jack Axelrod) is an unnamed old man who can only speak with the help of an electrolarynx, apparently because of a lifetime of smoking. He sold Randy a Quit Smoking cassette for $0.32 (negotiated from $0.40). He also posed as Randy's father when Randy went back to high school in Randy's Touchdown. According to a deleted scene commentary in the Season 1 episode O Karma, Where Art Thou?, Jack Axelrod does not use an electrolarynx in real life.

text: Natalie Duckworth[edit]

text: Natalie Duckworth (played by Beth Riesgraf, then-girlfriend of Jason Lee) was Earl's one-time girlfriend; her first appearance was in "Faked My Own Death". Natalie was unable to take a hint that Earl was not into her so and thus faked his own death. He later told her that her clingy personality was the real reason he faked his death. In turn, Natalie faked her own death to make Earl feel bad, and in doing so, she gained a large amount of confidence. She also appeared in "Our "Cops" Is On"; after Joy and Earl stole a police car, Joy called Natalie a slut with a megaphone and told her to get "on [the car in front of Joy] and spread [her] legs".

text: Willie the One-Eyed Mailman[edit]

text: Willie the One-Eyed Mailman (played by Bill Suplee, who is Ethan Suplee's father) is a local mailman who wears an eye patch. He is affable but somewhat of a slacker as he has been seen throwing mail on the floor of someone's home or simply throwing it in the garbage. His lack of depth perception has caused problems for him more than once when giving or reaching for items (episode "Number One"). He had lost his eye when Joy smashed Earl's Def Leppard picture and a glass shard damaged his eye (episode "Our Cops Is On"). In the episode "Monkeys Take a Bath", he takes out his glass eye so he can play some kind of marble game, only to lose it when Joy bought the game at a garage sale.

text: TV's Tim Stack[edit]

text: TV's Tim Stack (played by Timothy Stack, who is also the series' Consulting Producer and occasional episode writer) is Camden's hometown celebrity as he has appeared in a number of television shows. He is regularly seen intoxicated and wearing the wardrobe of his character Notch Johnson from Son of the Beach. In "Broke Joy's Fancy Figurine", he hosts the Balboa & Sons' mother-daughter pageant.[g][v] In "Y2K", he was a featured participant in Camden County's New Year's Day parade. In the "Our "Cops" Is On" flashback episode, he was pulled over for drunk driving, where he stated that he had 62 credits in IMDb.[vi] The officer let him go because he was a fan of Stack's role on Punky Brewster, after which he crashed into the side of the road again. In a flashback episode "Harassed a Reporter", a visibly disoriented Stack is present at a ribbon cutting ceremony for a rehabilitation center. In the flashback episode "The Frank Factor", he was a potential sugar daddy for Joy, but she was grossed out when he dressed up as an adult baby for their tryst. He also appears in "Bad Earl" where he and Earl's friends try to do an intervention, having been in several interventions himself before. In season 4 his agent Wilfred Dierkes (played by producer Greg Garcia) is seen in some episodes.

text: Iqball[edit]

text: Iqball (played by Abdul Goznobi) is the clerk at the Camden Market who sold Earl the winning lottery ticket. He appears in multiple episodes whenever there are Camden townsfolk around, in his green-vested work uniform. In the season 1 finale, "Number One", he speaks Bengali relying on Patty to translate for him, but in later episodes, he is shown speaking English, as well. In the second COPS-themed episode set, he has a food booth at the Camden 4 July Fair. In the season 4 flashback episode "Earl and Joy's Anniversary", he tells the folks stuck in the phone booth that the bees have moved on to Texas. He also competed against Erik Estrada in acting out the Yorick scene in Hamlet on the Estrada or Nada game show.

text: Stuart Daniels[edit]

text: Stuart Daniels (played by Mike O'Malley), introduced in the episode "Stole a Badge", comes from a family of police officers, his mother and four sisters all being on the job. He is frequently scolded by his family for losing his badge and other actions of incompetence, and when Earl stole the badge, he was demoted to watching over a rest stop where he has to replenish the toilet paper rolls at his own expense. He lost interest in improving his career, but with Earl's help, he quits the police force and pursues his dream of becoming a professional bowler. He was one of the officers featured in the COPS-themed flashback episodes. In "Our Cops Is On", where he was shown breaking up a fight between the Electrolarynx Man and Nescobar-A-Lop-Lop, confronting Donny Jones about his public nudity, and remaining blissfully unaware of Kenny James's attempts to come on to him. In "Our Other Cops Is On", Kenny James wins the "ride-along with a cop" silent auction and joins him. He inadvertently loses $50,000 worth of surveillance equipment that he was going to demonstrate, as well as the Fourth of July Fair's fireworks. He accidentally hits Billie Cunningham with his car when she was helping Earl. He then tries to make it up to her by visiting her at the hospital and taking her home, telling her that the cops are looking for her. At the end of the third season, having interacted with Kenny many times and discovering they have similar interests, he moves in with Kenny and they become lovers.

text: Josh Martin[edit]

text: Joshua Martin (played by Josh Wolf) is a Bargain Bag store employee, first appearing in "Very Bad Things", where Earl and Joy discover him in the back of a Bargain Bag truck that the latter had stolen. Earl and Joy tried to help Josh escape without him being able to identify them, but they were unsuccessful and Joy was sent to prison for grand theft auto, kidnapping and assault. In "Kept a Guy Locked in a Truck", he is found dead in his apartment, having been crushed by a retracted Murphy bed. His spirit haunts Earl and demands not to be forgotten. Earl tries to throw a funeral for him but is unable to find any friends, only to discover that his friends are all from the Internet.

text: Josh appears in other flashback-themed episodes such as the COPS-themed "Our Other 'Cops' Is On!" where he mans a Bargain Bag booth. In "I Won't Die with a Little Help from My Friends (Part 2)", Josh appears in Earl's coma world, ready to escort Earl to the afterlife. In "Inside Probe, Part 2", he had re-cemented the floor of the women's bathroom at the Crab Shack, inadvertently where its owner Ernie Belcher had later fallen in and died.

text: Ruby Whitlow[edit]

text: Ruby Whitlow (played by Marlee Matlin) is a deaf attorney assigned to Joy's criminal case in season 2. She has an interpreter named Doug, but can also read lips and talk a little bit, of which Joy thinks Ruby has a funny accent. In the episode "The Trial", Earl falls in love with Ruby and they have a one-night stand. However, she discovers Earl's list in which he had robbed her two years prior because she was deaf and couldn't hear him break in, and they break up. At Joy's trial, Doug had injured his tongue, so Ruby has a Mandarin-speaking woman who knows sign language help her out, and Nescobar-A-Lop-Lop translate from Mandarin to English. The trial is about 50/50 until Earl's 911 tapes condemn Joy. However, when Earl takes the punishment, she is impressed.

text: Dan Coscino[edit]

text: Dan Coscino (played by production assistant Dan Coscino) is a background character who sings or appears at several random venues such as the Fourth of July Fair, the Pimmit Hills Trailer Park, and the Crab Shack. He is typically seen wearing a T-shirt with his name on it.[8]

text: Jerry Hazelwood[edit]

text: Jeremiah "Jerry" Hazelwood (played by Craig T. Nelson) is the Warden of Camden County, As the husband of the Governor, he was caught by her in the presence of some dignitaries when he was in his underwear playing Guitar Hero. He is placed in an assortment of jobs of which he is incompetent. For instance, he was in charge of Homeland Security where he didn't think anything would happen prior to September 11, 2001. He eventually became warden but still initiates poorly thought out programs such as having the inmates build ladders, or having the prison guards host a Take Our Daughters to Work Day and almost had one of the short-statured inmates escape as a student. At one point he accidentally admits to the press that his wife the Governor has a sexual addiction and that they are also having problems in their marriage and having marriage counseling. As he is afraid of violent confrontations, he often has Earl do his job, rewarding him with certificates that reduce Earl's prison time. He has Earl stop a gang rivalry, start a Scared Straight! program for kids, and start a program to mediate problems between victims and criminals. However, he later shreds all of Earl's certificates in order to keep Earl working for him. When Jerry sees his former roommate Darnell, he is reminded of his days as a porn star by the name of Richard Jammer in the 1980s and 1990s, and not wanting that to surface, he reinstates Earl's certificates and releases him from prison.

text: Jeff Hoyne[edit]

text: Jeffrey Hoyne (played by Billy Gardell) is an overweight and incompetent police officer who appears mostly in seasons 3 and 4. He has two identical siblings, a brother, named Billy, who works as a Warehouse worker at Waadt Appliance and is deemed the more fit of the two brothers; and an unnamed sister, both of whom are also portrayed by Gardell.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Earl as a kid is played by Noah Crawford.[1]
Jump up ^ Randy as a kid is played by Ryan Armstrong.[3]
Jump up ^ Catalina's last name is mentioned multiple times in the season 3 "Creative Writing" episode. Her middle name is first mentioned in the season 4 "Inside Probe" episode
Jump up ^ According to the My Name Is Earl Season 1 DVD, the actor N'Gom is actually fluent in six languages including Mandarin.
Jump up ^ In a deleted scene, TV's Tim Stack "took" Catalina out to dinner, only to give the bill to her, down a pill of Viagra and offer to go back to her place.[7]
Jump up ^ Timothy Stack's claim of having 62 credits on IMDb was accurate prior to the airing of the "Our "Cops" Is On" which would have made it the 63rd appearance.


document_title: Evil eye

question_text: what is the evil eye called in greek

question_tokens: what is the evil eye called in greek

root

text: Evil eye

text: History[edit]

text: Belief in the evil eye dates back to Classical antiquity. It is referenced by Hesiod, Callimachus, Plato, Diodorus Siculus, Theocritus, Plutarch, Heliodorus, Pliny the Elder, and Aulus Gellius. Peter Walcot's Envy and the Greeks (1978) listed more than one hundred works by these and other authors mentioning the evil eye.

tag: p

text: Classical antiquity[edit]

text: Classical authors attempted to offer explanations for the evil eye. Plutarch's scientific explanation stated that the eyes were the chief, if not sole, source of the deadly rays that were supposed to spring up like poisoned darts from the inner recesses of a person possessing the evil eye. Plutarch treated the phenomenon of the evil eye as something seemingly inexplicable that is a source of wonder and cause of incredulity.

text: The belief in the evil eye during antiquity varied across different regions and periods. The evil eye was not feared with equal intensity in every corner of the Roman Empire. There were places in which people felt more conscious of the danger of the evil eye. In Roman times, not only were individuals considered to possess the power of the evil eye but whole tribes, especially those of Pontus and Scythia, were believed to be transmitters of the evil eye. The phallic charm called fascinum in Latin, from the verb fascinare, "to cast a spell" (the origin of the English word "fascinate"), was used against the evil eye.

text: The spreading in the belief of the evil eye across the Near East is believed by some to have been propagated by the Empire of Alexander the Great, which spread this and other Greek ideas across his empire.[citation needed]

text: Around the world[edit]

text: Belief in the evil eye is strongest in West Asia, Latin America, East and West Africa, Central America, Central Asia, and Europe, especially the Mediterranean region; it has also spread to areas, including northern Europe, particularly in the Celtic regions, and the Americas, where it was brought by European colonists and West Asian immigrants.[citation needed]

text: Belief in the evil eye is found in the Islamic doctrine, based upon the statement of Prophet Muhammad, "The influence of an evil eye is a fact..." [Sahih Muslim, Book 26, Number 5427].[5] Authentic practices of warding off the evil eye are also commonly practiced by Muslims: rather than directly expressing appreciation of, for example, a child's beauty, it is customary to say Masha'Allah, that is, "God has willed it", or invoking God's blessings upon the object or person that is being admired.[6] A number of beliefs about the evil eye are also found in folk religion, typically revolving around the use of amulets or talismans as a means of protection.

text: In the Aegean Region and other areas where light-colored eyes are relatively rare, people with green eyes, and especially blue eyes, are thought to bestow the curse, intentionally or unintentionally.[7] Thus, in Greece and Turkey amulets against the evil eye take the form of blue eyes, and in the painting by John Phillip, below, we witness the culture-clash experienced by a woman who suspects that the artist's gaze implies that he is looking at her with the evil eye.

text: Among those who do not take the evil eye literally, either by reason of the culture in which they were raised or because they simply do not believe it, the phrase, "to give someone the evil eye" usually means simply to glare at the person in anger or disgust. The term has entered into common usage within the English language. Within the broadcasting industry it refers to when a presenter signals to the interviewee or co-presenter to stop talking due to a shortage of time.[8]

text: Protective talismans and cures[edit]

text: Attempts to ward off the curse of the evil eye has resulted in a number of talismans in many cultures. As a class, they are called "apotropaic" (Greek for "prophylactic" / προφυλακτικός or "protective", literally: "turns away") talismans, meaning that they turn away or turn back harm.

text: Disks or balls, consisting of concentric blue and white circles (usually, from inside to outside, dark blue, light blue, white, and dark blue) representing an evil eye are common apotropaic talismans in West Asia, found on the prows of Mediterranean boats and elsewhere; in some forms of the folklore, the staring eyes are supposed to bend the malicious gaze back to the sorcerer.

text: Known as nazar (Turkish: nazar boncuğu or nazarlık), this talisman is most frequently seen in Turkey, found in or on houses and vehicles or worn as beads.

text: A blue or green eye can also be found on some forms of the hamsa hand, an apotropaic hand-shaped talisman against the evil eye found in West Asia. The word hamsa, also spelled khamsa and hamesh, means "five" referring to the fingers of the hand. In Jewish culture, the hamsa is called the Hand of Miriam; in some Muslim cultures, the Hand of Fatima. Though condemned as superstition by doctrinaire Muslims, it is almost exclusively among Muslims in the Near East and Mediterranean that the belief in envious looks containing destructive power or the talismanic power of a nazar to defend against them. To adherents of other faiths in the region, the nazar is an attractive decoration.

text: A variety of motifs to ward off the evil eye are commonly woven into tribal kilim rugs. Such motifs include a cross (Turkish: Haç) to divide the evil eye into four, a hook (Turkish: Çengel) to destroy the evil eye, or a human eye (Turkish: Göz) to avert the evil gaze. The shape of a lucky amulet (Turkish: Muska; often, a triangular package containing a sacred verse) is often woven into kilims for the same reason.[9]

text: In Islam[edit]

text: Evil eye, Isabat al-’ayn, is a common belief that individuals have the power to look at people, animals or objects to cause them harm. It is tradition among many Muslims that if a compliment is to be made one should say "Masha'Allah" (ما شاء الله) ("God has willed it.") and also "TabarakAllah" (تبارك الله) ("Blessings of God") to ward off the evil eye. Reciting Sura Ikhlas, Sura Al-Falaq and Sura Al-Nas from the Qur'an, three times after Fajr and after Maghrib is also used as a means of personal protection against the evil eye.[10] Still in Islam, Cheikh Ahmadou Bamba Founder of Muridism in Senegal, wrote a Qassida (prayers and duah) called "As Sindidi" ("The Generous Chief"), on which He praises God with these words against evil eye:[11] "Be He, who will protect me against the evil of the Jealous, the mischief of the evil whisperer, from the mischief of the envier when he envies. O Allah! Be my refuge against the evil of the magic, against the evil of the Jinn, and other venomous creatures. O Allah!" (in Arabic transcript):[12]

text: Assyrians[edit]

text: Assyrians are also strong believers in the evil eye. They will usually wear a blue/turquoise bead around a necklace to be protected from the evil eye. Also, they might pinch the buttocks, comparable to Armenians. It is said that people with green or blue eyes are more prone to the evil eye effect.[citation needed][clarification needed] A simple and instant way of protection in European Christian countries is to make the sign of the cross with your hand and point two fingers, the index finger and the middle finger, towards the supposed source of influence or supposed victim as described in the first chapter of Bram Stoker's novel Dracula published in 1897:

text: When we started, the crowd round the inn door, which had by this time swelled to a considerable size, all made the sign of the cross and pointed two fingers towards me. With some difficulty, I got a fellow passenger to tell me what they meant. He would not answer at first, but on learning that I was English, he explained that it was a charm or guard against the evil eye.[13]

text: In Judaism[edit]

text: The evil eye is mentioned several times in the classic Pirkei Avot (Ethics of Our Fathers). In Chapter II, five disciples of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakai give advice on how to follow the good path in life and avoid the bad. Rabbi Eliezer says an evil eye is worse than a bad friend, a bad neighbor, or an evil heart. Judaism believes that a "good eye" designates an attitude of good will and kindness towards others. Someone who has this attitude in life will rejoice when his fellow man prospers; he will wish everyone well.[14] An "evil eye" denotes the opposite attitude. A man with "an evil eye" will not only feel no joy but experience actual distress when others prosper, and will rejoice when others suffer. A person of this character represents a great danger to our moral purity.[15] Many Observant Jews avoid talking about valuable items they own, good luck that has come to them and, in particular, their children. If any of these are mentioned, the speaker and/or listener will say "b'li ayin hara" (Hebrew), meaning "without an evil eye", or "kein eina hara" (Yiddish; often shortened to "kennahara"), "no evil eye". Another way to ward off the evil eye is to spit three times (or pretend to). Romans call this custom "despuere malum," to spit at evil. [16]It has also been suggested[by whom?] the 10th commandment: "do not covet anything that belongs to your neighbor" is a law against bestowing the evil eye on another person.

text: Turkey[edit]

text: A typical nazar is made of handmade glass featuring concentric circles or teardrop shapes in dark blue, white, light blue and black, occasionally with a yellow/gold edge.[17]

text: As a legacy of the Turkish Ottoman Empire, it is a common sight in Turkey, Romania, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Egypt, Armenia, Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq and Azerbaijan,[18] where the nazar is often hung in homes, offices, cars, children's clothing, or incorporated in jewellery and ornaments.[17] They are a popular choice of souvenir with tourists.

text: Ethiopia[edit]

text: Belief in the evil eye, or buda (var. bouda), is widespread in Ethiopia.[19] Buda is generally believed to be a power held and wielded by those in a different social group, for example among the Beta Israel or metalworkers. Some Ethiopian Christians carry an amulet or talisman, known as a kitab, or will invoke God's name, to ward off the ill effects of buda.[20] A debtera, who is either an unordained priest or educated layperson, will create these protective amulets or talismans.[21][22]

text: Pakistan[edit]

text: In Pakistan, the evil eye is called Nazar (نظر). People usually may resort to reading the last three chapters of the Quran, namely Sura Ikhlas, Sura Al-Falaq and Sura Al-Nas. "Masha'Allah" (ما شاء الله) ("God has willed it.") is commonly said to ward off the evil eye. Understanding of evil eye varies by the level of education. Some perceive the use of black color to be useful in protecting from evil eye. Others use "taawiz" to ward off evil eye. Truck owners and other public transport vehicles may commonly be seen using a small black cloth on the bumpers to prevent evil eye.[23]

text: Greece[edit]

text: The evil eye, known as μάτι (mati), "eye", as an apotropaic visual device, is known to have been a fixture in Greece dating back to at least the 6th century BC, when it commonly appeared on drinking vessels.[24] In Greece, the evil eye is cast away through the process of xematiasma (ξεμάτιασμα), whereby the "healer" silently recites a secret prayer passed over from an older relative of the opposite sex, usually a grandparent. Such prayers are revealed only under specific circumstances, according to their customs those who reveal them indiscriminately lose their ability to cast off the evil eye. There are several regional versions of the prayer in question, a common one being: "Holy Virgin, Our Lady, if [insert name of the victim] is suffering of the evil eye, release him/her of it." Evil repeated three times. According to custom, if one is indeed afflicted with the evil eye, both victim and "healer" then start yawning profusely. The "healer" then performs the sign of the cross three times, and emits spitting-like sounds in the air three times. A very similar ritual can be found in neighboring Bulgaria.

text: Another "test" used to check if the evil eye was cast is that of the oil: under normal conditions, olive oil floats in water, as it is less dense than water. The test of the oil is performed by placing one drop of olive oil in a glass of water, typically holy water.[citation needed] If the drop floats, the test concludes there is no evil eye involved. If the drop sinks, then it is asserted that the evil eye is cast indeed. Another form of the test is to place two drops of olive oil into a glass of water. If the drops remain separated, the test concludes there is no evil eye, but if they merge, there is. There is also a third form where in a plate full of water the "healer" places three or nine drops of oil. If the oil drops become larger and eventually dissolve in the water there is evil eye. If the drops remain separated from water in a form of a small circle there isn't. The first drops are the most important and the number of drops that dissolve in water indicate the strength of the evil eye.

text: There is another form of the "test" where the "healer" prepares a few cloves by piercing each one with a pin. Then she lights a candle and grabs a pinned clove with a pair of scissors. She then uses it to do the sign of the cross over the afflicted whilst the afflicted is asked to think of a person who may have given him the evil eye. Then the healer holds the clove over the flame. If the clove burns silently, there is no evil eye present; however, if the clove explodes or burns noisily, that means the person in the thoughts of the afflicted is the one who has cast the evil eye.[citation needed] As the clove explodes, the evil eye is released from the afflicted. Cloves that burn with some noise are considered to be λόγια - words - someone foul-mouthing you that you ought to be wary of. The burned cloves are extinguished into a glass of water and are later buried in the garden along with the pins as they are considered to be contaminated. Greek people will also ward off the evil eye by saying φτου να μη σε ματιάξω! which translates to "I spit so that I won't give you the evil eye." Contrary to popular belief, the evil eye is not necessarily given by someone wishing you ill, but it stems from admiration. Since it is technically possible to give yourself the evil eye, it is advised to be humble.

text: The Greek Fathers accepted the traditional belief in the evil eye, but attributed it to the Devil and envy. In Greek theology, the evil eye or vaskania (βασκανία) is considered harmful for the one whose envy inflicts it on others as well as for the sufferer. The Greek Church has an ancient prayer against vaskania from the Megan Hieron Synekdemon (Μέγαν Ιερόν Συνέκδημον) book of prayers.[citation needed]

text: Italy[edit]

text: The cornicello, "little horn", also called the cornetto ("little horn", plural cornetti), is a long, gently twisted horn-shaped amulet. Cornicelli are usually carved out of red coral or made from gold or silver. The type of horn they are intended to copy is not a curled-over sheep horn or goat horn but rather like the twisted horn of an African eland or a chili pepper.[25]

text: One idea that the ribald suggestions made by sexual symbols distract the witch from the mental effort needed to successfully bestow the curse. Another is that since the effect of the eye was to dry up liquids, the drying of the phallus (resulting in male impotence) would be averted by seeking refuge in the moist female genitals. Among the ancient Romans and their cultural descendants in the Mediterranean nations, those who were not fortified with phallic charms had to make use of sexual gestures to avoid the eye. Such gestures include the mano cornuta gesture and the fig sign; a fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle fingers, representing the phallus within the vagina. In addition to the phallic talismans, statues of hands in these gestures, or covered with magical symbols, were carried by the Romans as talismans. In Latin America, carvings of the fist with the thumb pressed between the index and middle fingers continue to be carried as good luck charms.

text: The wielder of the evil eye, the jettatore, is described as having a striking facial appearance, high arching brows with a stark stare that leaps from his black eyes. He often has a reputation for clandestine involvement with dark powers and is the object of gossip about dealings in magic and other forbidden practices. Successful men having tremendous personal magnetism quickly gain notoriety as jettatori. Pope Pius IX was dreaded for his evil eye, and a whole cycle of stories about the disasters that happened in his wake were current in Rome during the latter decades of the 19th century. Public figures of every type, from poets to gangsters, have had their specialized abilities attributed to the power of their eyes.[26]

text: Spain and Latin America[edit]

text: The evil eye or 'Mal de Ojo' has been deeply embedded in Spanish popular culture throughout its history and Spain is the origin of this superstition in Latin America.

text: In Mexico and Central America, infants are considered at special risk for the evil eye (see mal de ojo, above) and are often given an amulet bracelet as protection, typically with an eye-like spot painted on the amulet. Another preventive measure is allowing admirers to touch the infant or child; in a similar manner, a person wearing an item of clothing that might induce envy may suggest to others that they touch it or some other way dispel envy.

text: One traditional cure in rural Mexico involves a curandero (folk healer) sweeping a raw chicken egg over the body of a victim to absorb the power of the person with the evil eye. The egg is later broken into a glass with water and placed under the bed of the patient near the head. Sometimes it is checked immediately because the egg appears as if it has been cooked. When this happens it means that the patient did have Mal De Ojo. Somehow the Mal De Ojo has transferred to the egg and the patient immediately gets well. (Fever, pain and diarrhea, nausea/vomiting goes away instantly) In the traditional Hispanic culture of the Southwestern United States and some parts of Mexico, the egg may be passed over the patient in a cross-shaped pattern all over the body, while reciting The Lord's Prayer. The egg is also placed in a glass with water, under the bed and near the head, sometimes it is examined right away or in the morning and if the egg looks like it has been cooked then it means that they did have Mal de Ojo and the patient will start feeling better. Sometimes if the patient starts getting ill and someone knows that they had stared at patient, usually a child, if the person who stared goes to the child and touches them, the child's illness goes away immediately so the Mal De Ojo energy is released.[27]

text: In some parts of South America the act of ojear, which could be translated as to give someone the evil eye, is an involuntary act. Someone may ojear babies, animals and inanimate objects just by staring and admiring them. This may produce illness, discomfort or possibly death on babies or animals and failures on inanimate objects like cars or houses. It's a common belief that since this is an involuntary act made by people with the heavy look, the proper way of protection is by attaching a red ribbon to the animal, baby or object, in order to attract the gaze to the ribbon rather than to the object intended to be protected.[28]

text: Brazil[edit]

text: Brazilians generally will associate mal-olhado, mau-olhado ("act of giving a bad look") or olho gordo ("fat eye" i.e. "gluttonous eye") with envy or jealousy on domestic and garden plants (that, after months or years of health and beauty, will suddenly weaken, wither and die, with no apparent signs of pest, after the visitation of a certain friend or relative), attractive hair and less often economic or romantic success and family harmony.

text: Unlike in most cultures mal-olhado is not seen to be something that risks young babies. "Pagans" or non-baptized children are instead assumed to be at risk from bruxas (witches), that have malignant intention themselves rather than just mal-olhado. It probably reflects the Galician folktales about the meigas or Portuguese magas, (witches), as Colonial Brazil was primarily settled by Portuguese people, in numbers greater than all Europeans to settle pre-independence United States. Those bruxas are interpreted to have taken the form of moths, often very dark, that disturb children at night and take away their energy. For that reason, Christian Brazilians often have amulets in the form of crucifixes around, beside or inside beds where children sleep.

text: Nevertheless, older children, especially boys, that fulfill the cultural ideals of behaving extremely well (for example, having no problems whatsoever in eating well a great variety of foods, being obedient and respectful toward adults, kind, polite, studious, and demonstrating no bad blood with other children or their siblings) who unexpectedly turn into problematic adolescents or adults (for example lacking good health habits, extreme laziness or lacking motivation towards their life goals, having eating disorders, or being prone to delinquency), are said to have been victims of mal-olhado coming from parents of children whose behavior was not as admirable.

text: Amulets that protect against mal-olhado tend to be generally resistant, mildly to strongly toxic and dark plants in specific and strategic places of a garden or the entry to a house. Those include comigo-ninguém-pode ("against-me-nobody-cans"), Dieffenbachia (the dumbcane), espada-de-são-jorge ("St. George's sword"), Sansevieria trifasciata (the snake plant or mother-in-law's tongue) and guiné ("Guinea"), among various other names, Petiveria alliacea (the guinea henweed). For those lacking in space or wanting to "sanitize" specific places, they may all be planted together in a single sete ervas ("seven [lucky] herbs") pot, that will also include arruda (common rue), pimenteira (Capsicum annuum), manjericão (basil) and alecrim (rosemary).[29] (Though the last four ones should not be used for their common culinary purposes by humans.) Other popular amulets against evil eye include: the use of mirrors, on the outside of your home's front door, or also inside your home facing your front door; an elephant figurine with its back to the front door; and coarse salt, placed in specific places at home.[30]

text: Mexico[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Mal ojo often occurs without the dimension of envy, but insofar as envy is a part of ono, it is a variant of this underlying sense of insecurity and relative vulnerability to powerful, hostile forces in the environment. In her study of medical attitudes in the Santa Clara Valley of California, Margaret Clark arrives at essentially the same conclusion: "Among the Spanish-speaking folk of Sal si Puedes, the patient is regarded as a passive and innocent victim of malevolent forces in his environment. These forces may be witches, evil spirits, the consequences of poverty, or virulent bacteria that invade his body. The scapegoat may be a visiting social worker who unwittingly 'cast the evil eye' ... Mexican folk concepts of disease are based in part on the notion that people can be victimized by the careless or malicious behavior of others".[citation needed]

text: Another aspect of the mal ojo syndrome in Ixtepeji is a disturbance of the hot-cold equilibrium in the victim. According to folk belief, the bad effects of an attack result from the "hot" force of the aggressor entering the child's body and throwing it out of balance. Currier has shown how the Mexican hot-cold system is an unconscious folk model of social relations upon which social anxieties are projected. According to Currier, "the nature of Mexican peasant society is such that each individual must continuously attempt to achieve a balance between two opposing social forces: the tendency toward intimacy and that toward withdrawal. [It is therefore proposed] that the individual's continuous preoccupation with achieving a balance between 'heat' and 'cold' is a way of reenacting, in symbolic terms, a fundamental activity in social relations."[31]

text: India[edit]

text: In North India, the evil eye is called "Drishti" (meaning gaze or vision) or more commonly as Buri Nazar. A charm bracelet, tattoo or other object (Nazar battu), or a slogan (Chashme Baddoor (slogan)), may be used to ward-off the evil eye. Some truck owners write the slogan to ward off the evil eye: "buri nazar wale tera muh kala" ("O evil-eyed one, may your face turn black").

text: In general in India, if gone through time up to historical myths, babies and newborn infants will have their eye adorned with kajal, or eyeliner. This would be black, as it is believed in India that black wards off the evil eye or any evil auras. In South India (Andhra Pradesh), people call it as 'Disti' or 'Drusti'. To remove Disti people follow several methods based on their culture/area. Items used to remove Disti either Rock salt or Red chilies or Oiled cloth. Taking one of this item, people remove Disti by rotating their hand with one of the item above around the person who affected by Disti and they will burn the item.[32]

text: United States[edit]

text: In 1946, the American magician Henri Gamache published a text called Terrors of the Evil Eye Exposed! (later reprinted as Protection against Evil), which offers directions to defend oneself against the evil eye.[33]

text: Media and press coverage[edit]

text: In some cultures over-complimenting is said to cast a curse. So does envy. Since ancient times such maledictions have been collectively called the evil eye. According to the book The Evil Eye by folklorist Alan Dundes,[34] the belief's premise is that an individual can cause harm simply by looking at another's person or property. However, protection is easy to come by with talismans that can be worn, carried, or hung in homes, most often incorporating the contours of a human eye. In Aegean countries, people with light-colored eyes are thought to be particularly powerful, and amulets in Greece and Turkey are usually blue orbs. Indians, Muslims, and Jews use charms with palm-forward hands with an eye in the center; Italians employ horns, phallic shapes meant to distract spell casters.[35]

text: Names in various languages[edit]

text: In most languages, the name translates literally into English as "bad eye", "evil eye", "evil look", or just "the eye". Some variants on this general pattern from around the world are:

text:
In Albanian it is known as "syri i keq" (Standart and Tosk), or as "syni keq" (Gheg) meaning "bad eye". Also "mësysh" is used commonly, meaning "cast an evil eye".
In Arabic, ʿayn al-ḥasūd, عين الحسود, "the eye of envy". ʿAyn ḥārrah (عين حارّة) is also used, literally translating to "hot eye".
In Armenian, char atchk (չար աչքն) "evil eye" or "bad eye". Regarding the act of giving an evil gaze, it is said (directly translated), "to give with the eye" or in Armenian, "atchkov tal".
In Azerbaijani, "Göz dəyməsi" – translating as being struck by an eye
In Chinese it is called 邪惡之眼 (Hant) / 邪恶之眼 (Hans) (xié è zhī yǎn, literally "evil eye")
In Dutch it is called "het boze oog", literally "the malicious eye" or "the angry eye"
In Galician, it is called "meigallo", from meiga, "witch" (and maybe -allo, diminutive or aumentative suffix; or contracted with either ollo, "eye"; or allo, "garlic").
In German, it is called "böser Blick", literally "evil gaze".
In Greek, to matiasma (μάτιασμα) or mati (μάτι) someone refers to the act of casting the evil eye (mati being the Greek word for eye); also: vaskania (βασκανία, the Greek word for jinx)[36]
In Hebrew, ʿáyin hā-ráʿ (עַיִן הָרַע, "eye of evil")
In Hindustani and other languages of South Asia, (Hindi: nazar (नज़र); nazar lagna (नज़र लगना)) means to be afflicted by the evil eye. (However, it generally has no evil connotations because a doting mother's eye can supposedly also cause harm.) In Urdu, another variant of Hindustani, nazar" (نظر)"Chashm-é bad"( چشمِ بد) ; nazar lagna means to be afflicted by the evil eye.
In Hungarian, gonosz szem means "evil eye", but more widespread is the expression szemmelverés (lit. "beating with eye"), which refers to the supposed/alleged act of harming one by an evil look
In Irish, the term drochshúil is used for the 'evil eye', being a compound of 'droch' (bad, poor, evil, ill) and 'súil (eye). This can also be used to refer to someone with weak eyesight.
In Italian, the word malocchio refers to the evil eye.
In Japanese it is known as "邪視" ("jashi").
In Kannada, it is called "drishti". (But cf. "Drishti (yoga)".)
In Ke/Tz Luo, it is called "Sihoho/Juog wang'".
In Macedonian it is known as урокливо око.
In Malayalam it is known as kannu veykkuka – to cast an evil eye while "kannu peduka" means to be on the receiving end of the malefic influence. "kannu dosham" refers to a bad effect caused by an evil eye.
In Neapolitan it is known as "'o mma'uocchje" which translates literally into "the evil/bad/maleficent eye", which afflicts people, especially women and children who are supposedly the most vulnerable, with multiple issues and problems, stemming from pre-natal issues, miscarriages, early childhood death or sickness or death of a mother during birth, as well as afflicting women with infertility, sexual problems, early widowhood, etc., while afflicted men suffer from cancer, laziness, greed, gluttony, and other diseases, disabilities and ailments.
In Persian it is known as "چشم زخم" (injurious look/eyes causing injury) or "چشم شور" (omen eye)[37] "Cheshmeh Hasood", meaning Jealous eye, or "Cheshme Nazar" meaning evil eye.
In Polish it is known as "złe oko" or "złe spojrzenie".
In Pashto it is known as"بدو سترګو وهل"(bado stargo wahal)and also "نظر وهل"(Nazar wahal)
In Portuguese, it is called "mau olhado", ou "olho gordo" (literally "fat eye"). The first expression is used in Portugal and second one is more common in Brazil.
In Romanian, it is known as "deochi", meaning literally "un-eye".
In Russian, "дурной глаз" (durnoy glaz) means "bad/evil eye"; "сглаз" (sglaz) literally means "from eye".
In Sanskrit, an ancient Indo-Aryan language, it is called "drishti dosha" (दृष्टि दोष) meaning malice caused by evil eye. (But cf. "drishti (yoga)".)
In Serbo-Croatian (Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin), it is called Urokljivo oko (Cyr. Урокљиво око).[38] First word is adjective of the word urok/урок, which means spell or curse, and the second one means eye.
In Somali, it is called "il", or "Ilaaco" or "Qumayo" ( first word literally meaning "eye" and the other two words meaning envy eye)
In Spanish, mal de ojo literally means "evil from the eye" as the name does not refer to the actual eye but to the evil that supposedly comes from it. Casting the evil eye is then echar mal de ojo, i.e. "to cast evil from the eye".[39]
In Tamil, "கண் படுதல்" (kan padudhal) literally means "casting an eye" (with an intention to cause harm). "கண்ணூறு" (kannooru) "harm from the eye"
In Turkish kem göz means evil eye and the cure is having a "nazar boncuğu", the nazar amulet.

tag: ul


document_title: List of earthquakes in Alaska

question_text: when is the last time alaska had an earthquake

text: List of earthquakes in Alaska

text: This is a list of earthquakes in Alaska.

text:
Date
MMI
Mag.
Coordinates
Depth
Deaths
Injuries
Comments
Ref

2018-01-23

7.9 Mw
56°03′29″N 149°05′49″W / 56.058°N 149.097°W / 56.058; -149.097
10 km

Tsunami
[1]

2016-01-24
VII
7.1 Mw
59°37′N 153°20′W / 59.61°N 153.34°W / 59.61; -153.34
127.8 km

2014-06-23
VI
7.9 Mw
51°48′N 178°46′W / 51.80°N 178.76°W / 51.80; -178.76
107.5 km

Tsunami

2002-11-03
IX
7.9 Mw
63°31′N 147°36′W / 63.51°N 147.6°W / 63.51; -147.6
13 km

1

1986-05-07
VI
8.0 Mw
51°31′N 174°47′E / 51.52°N 174.78°E / 51.52; 174.78
19 km

Moderate damage / tsunami
[2]

1975-02-02
IX
7.6 Ms
53°07′N 173°30′E / 53.11°N 173.50°E / 53.11; 173.50
10 km

15

1965-02-04
VI
8.7 Mw
51°17′N 178°33′W / 51.29°N 178.55°W / 51.29; -178.55
36 km

Tsunami

1964-03-27
XI
9.2 Mw
61°02′N 147°44′W / 61.04°N 147.73°W / 61.04; -147.73
23 km
139

Tsunami

1958-07-10
XI
7.8 Mw
58°22′N 136°40′W / 58.37°N 136.67°W / 58.37; -136.67
35 km
5

Megatsunami

1957-03-09
VIII
8.6 Mw
51°30′N 175°38′W / 51.5°N 175.63°W / 51.5; -175.63
25 km

Tsunami

1946-04-01
VI
8.6 Mw
53°29′N 162°50′W / 53.49°N 162.83°W / 53.49; -162.83
15 km
165–173

Tsunami

1906-08-17

8.35 Mw
50°36′N 178°22′E / 50.6°N 178.36°E / 50.6; 178.36
—

Note: The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject Earthquakes' notability guideline that was developed for stand-alone articles. The principles described also apply to lists. In summary, only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded.