document_title: Battle of Gettysburg, First Day

question_text: why was it important that the union held on to the high ground in gettysburg

root

text: Battle of Gettysburg, First Day

text: Background[edit]

text: Military situation[edit]

text: Opposing forces[edit]

text: Union[edit]

text: Confederate[edit]

text: Morning[edit]

text: Defense by Buford's cavalry[edit]

text: On the morning of July 1, Union cavalry in the division of Brig. Gen. John Buford were awaiting the approach of Confederate infantry forces from the direction of Cashtown, to the northwest. Confederate forces from the brigade of Brig. Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew had briefly clashed with Union forces the day before but believed they were Pennsylvania militia of little consequence, not the regular army cavalry that was screening the approach of the Army of the Potomac.[1]

tag: p

text: General Buford recognized the importance of the high ground directly to the south of Gettysburg. He knew that if the Confederates could gain control of the heights, Meade's army would have a hard time dislodging them.[2] He decided to utilize three ridges west of Gettysburg: Herr Ridge, McPherson Ridge, and Seminary Ridge (proceeding west to east toward the town). These were appropriate terrain for a delaying action by his small division against superior Confederate infantry forces, meant to buy time awaiting the arrival of Union infantrymen who could occupy the strong defensive positions south of town, Cemetery Hill, Cemetery Ridge, and Culp's Hill.[3] Early that morning, Reynolds, who was commanding the Left Wing of the Army of the Potomac, ordered his corps to march to Buford's location, with the XI Corps (Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard) to follow closely behind.[4]

text: Confederate Maj. Gen. Henry Heth's division, from Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill's Third Corps, advanced towards Gettysburg. Heth deployed no cavalry and led, unconventionally, with the artillery battalion of Major William J. Pegram.[5] Two infantry brigades followed, commanded by Brig. Gens. James J. Archer and Joseph R. Davis, proceeding easterly in columns along the Chambersburg Pike. Three miles (5 km) west of town, about 7:30 a.m., Heth's two brigades met light resistance from cavalry vedettes and deployed into line. Eventually, they reached dismounted troopers from Col. William Gamble's cavalry brigade. The first shot of the battle was claimed to be fired by Lieutenant Marcellus E. Jones of the 8th Illinois Cavalry, fired at an unidentified man on a gray horse over a half-mile away; the act was merely symbolic.[6] Buford's 2,748 troopers would soon be faced with 7,600 Confederate infantrymen, deploying from columns into line of battle.[7]

text: Gamble's men mounted determined resistance and delaying tactics from behind fence posts with rapid fire from their breech-loading carbines.[8] It is a modern myth that they were armed with multi-shot repeating carbines. Nevertheless, they were able to fire two or three times faster than a muzzle-loaded carbine or rifle. Also, the breech-loading design meant that Union troops did not have to stand to reload and could do so safely behind cover. This was a great advantage over the Confederates, who still had to stand to reload, thus providing an easier target. But this was so far a relatively bloodless affair. By 10:20 a.m., the Confederates had reached Herr Ridge and had pushed the Federal cavalrymen east to McPherson Ridge, when the vanguard of the I Corps finally arrived, the division of Maj. Gen. James S. Wadsworth. The troops were led personally by Gen. Reynolds, who conferred briefly with Buford and hurried back to bring more men forward.[9]

text: Davis versus Cutler[edit]

text: The morning infantry fighting occurred on either side of the Chambersburg Pike, mostly on McPherson Ridge. To the north, an unfinished railroad bed opened three shallow cuts in the ridges. To the south, the dominant features were Willoughby Run and Herbst Woods (sometimes called McPherson Woods, but they were the property of John Herbst). Brig. Gen. Lysander Cutler's Union brigade opposed Davis's brigade; three of Cutler's regiments were north of the Pike, two to the south. To the left of Cutler, Brig. Gen. Solomon Meredith's Iron Brigade opposed Archer.[10]

text: General Reynolds directed both brigades into position and placed guns from the Maine battery of Capt. James A. Hall where Calef's had stood earlier.[11] While the general rode his horse along the east end of Herbst Woods, shouting "Forward men! Forward for God's sake, and drive those fellows out of the woods," he fell from his horse, killed instantly by a bullet striking him behind the ear. (Some historians believe Reynolds was felled by a sharpshooter, but it is more likely that he was killed by random shot in a volley of rifle fire directed at the 2nd Wisconsin.) Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday assumed command of the I Corps.[12]

text: On the right of the Union line, three regiments of Cutler's brigade were fired on by Davis's brigade before they could get into position on the ridge. Davis's line overlapped the right of Cutler's, making the Union position untenable, and Wadsworth ordered Cutler's regiments back to Seminary Ridge. The commander of the 147th New York, Lt. Col. Francis C. Miller, was shot before he could inform his troops of the withdrawal, and they remained to fight under heavy pressure until a second order came. In under 30 minutes, 45% of Gen. Cutler's 1,007 men became casualties, with the 147th losing 207 of its 380 officers and men.[13] Some of Davis's victorious men turned toward the Union positions south of the railroad bed while others drove east toward Seminary Ridge. This defocused the Confederate effort north of the pike.[14]

text: Archer versus Meredith[edit]

text: South of the pike, Archer's men were expecting an easy fight against dismounted cavalrymen and were astonished to recognize the black Hardee hats worn by the men facing them through the woods: the famous Iron Brigade, formed from regiments in the Western states of Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin, had a reputation as fierce, tenacious fighters. As the Confederates crossed Willoughby Run and climbed the slope into Herbst Woods, they were enveloped on their right by the longer Union line, the reverse of the situation north of the pike.[15]

text: Brig. Gen. Archer was captured in the fighting, the first general officer in Robert E. Lee's army to suffer that fate. Archer was most likely positioned around the 14th Tennessee when he was captured by Private Patrick Moloney of Company G., 2nd Wisconsin, "a brave patriotic and fervent young Irishman." Archer resisted capture, but Moloney overpowered him. Moloney was killed later that day, but he received the Medal of Honor for his exploit. When Archer was taken to the rear, he encountered his former Army colleague Gen. Doubleday, who greeted him good-naturedly, "Good morning, Archer! How are you? I am glad to see you!" Archer replied, "Well, I am not glad to see you by a damn sight!"[16]

text: Railroad cut[edit]

text: At around 11 a.m., Doubleday sent his reserve regiment, the 6th Wisconsin, an Iron Brigade regiment, commanded by Lt. Col. Rufus R. Dawes, north in the direction of Davis's disorganized brigade. The Wisconsin men paused at the fence along the pike and fired, which halted Davis's attack on Cutler's men and caused many of them to seek cover in the unfinished railroad cut. The 6th joined the 95th New York and the 84th New York (also known as the 14th Brooklyn), a "demi-brigade" commanded by Col. E.B. Fowler, along the pike.[13] The three regiments charged to the railroad cut, where Davis's men were seeking cover. The majority of the 600-foot (180 m) cut (shown on the map as the center cut of three) was too deep to be an effective firing position—as deep as 15 feet (4.5 m).[17] Making the situation more difficult was the absence of their overall commander, General Davis, whose location was unknown.[18]

text: The men of the three regiments nevertheless faced daunting fire as they charged toward the cut. The 6th Wisconsin's American flag went down at least three times during the charge. At one point Dawes took up the fallen flag before it was seized from him by a corporal of the color guard. As the Union line neared the Confederates, its flanks became folded back and it took on the appearance of an inverted V. When the Union men reached the railroad cut, vicious hand-to-hand and bayonet fighting broke out. They were able to pour enfilading fire from both ends of the cut, and many Confederates considered surrender. Colonel Dawes took the initiative by shouting "Where is the colonel of this regiment?" Major John Blair of the 2nd Mississippi stood up and responded, "Who are you?" Dawes replied, "I command this regiment. Surrender or I will fire."[19] Dawes later described what happened next:[20]

text: The officer replied not a word, but promptly handed me his sword, and his men, who still held them, threw down their muskets. The coolness, self possession, and discipline which held back our men from pouring a general volley saved a hundred lives of the enemy, and as my mind goes back to the fearful excitement of the moment, I marvel at it.

text: Despite this surrender, leaving Dawes standing awkwardly holding seven swords, the fighting continued for minutes more and numerous Confederates were able to escape back to Herr Ridge. The three Union regiments lost 390–440 of 1,184 engaged, but they had blunted Davis's attack, prevented them from striking the rear of the Iron Brigade, and so overwhelmed the Confederate brigade that it was unable to participate significantly in combat for the rest of the day. The Confederate losses were about 500 killed and wounded and over 200 prisoners out of 1,707 engaged.[21]

text: Midday lull[edit]

text: By 11:30 a.m., the battlefield was temporarily quiet. On the Confederate side, Henry Heth faced an embarrassing situation. He had been under orders from General Lee to avoid a general engagement until the full Army of Northern Virginia had concentrated in the area. But his excursion to Gettysburg, ostensibly to find shoes, was essentially a reconnaissance in force conducted by a full infantry division. This indeed had started a general engagement and Heth was on the losing side so far. By 12:30 p.m., his remaining two brigades, under Brig. Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew and Col. John M. Brockenbrough, had arrived on the scene, as had the division (four brigades) of Maj. Gen. Dorsey Pender, also from Hill's Corps. Hill's remaining division (Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson) did not arrive until late in the day.[22]

text: Considerably more Confederate forces were on the way, however. Two divisions of the Second Corps, commanded by Lt. Gen. Richard S. Ewell, were approaching Gettysburg from the north, from the towns of Carlisle and York. The five brigades of Maj. Gen. Robert E. Rodes marched down the Carlisle Road but left it before reaching town to advance down the wooded crest of Oak Ridge, where they could link up with the left flank of Hill's Corps. The four brigades under Maj. Gen. Jubal A. Early approached on the Harrisburg Road. Union cavalry outposts north of the town detected both movements. Ewell's remaining division (Maj. Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson) did not arrive until late in the day.[23]

text: On the Union side, Doubleday reorganized his lines as more units of the I Corps arrived. First on hand was the Corps Artillery under Col. Charles S. Wainwright, followed by two brigades from Doubleday's division, now commanded by Brig. Gen. Thomas A. Rowley, which Doubleday placed on either end of his line. The XI Corps arrived from the south before noon, moving up the Taneytown and Emmitsburg Roads. Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard was surveying the area from the roof of the Fahnestock Brothers' dry-goods store downtown at about 11:30[24] when he heard that Reynolds had been killed and that he was now in command of all Union forces on the field. He recalled: "My heart was heavy and the situation was grave indeed, but surely I did not hesitate a moment. God helping us, we will stay here till the Army comes. I assumed the command of the field."[25]

text: Howard immediately sent messengers to summon reinforcements from the III Corps (Maj. Gen. Daniel E. Sickles) and the XII Corps (Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum). Howard's first XI Corps division to arrive, under Maj. Gen. Carl Schurz, was sent north to take a position on Oak Ridge and link up with the right of the I Corps. (The division was commanded temporarily by Brig. Gen. Alexander Schimmelfennig while Schurz filled in for Howard as XI Corps commander.) The division of Brig. Gen. Francis C. Barlow was placed on Schurz's right to support him. The third division to arrive, under Brig. Gen. Adolph von Steinwehr, was placed on Cemetery Hill along with two batteries of artillery to hold the hill as a rallying point if the Union troops could not hold their positions; this placement on the hill corresponded with orders sent earlier in the day to Howard by Reynolds just before he was killed.[26]

text: However, Rodes beat Schurz to Oak Hill, so the XI Corps division was forced to take up positions in the broad plain north of the town, below and to the east of Oak Hill.[27] They linked up with the I Corps reserve division of Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson, whose two brigades had been sent forward by Doubleday when he heard about Ewell's arrival.[28] Howard's defensive line was not a particularly strong one in the north.[29] He was soon outnumbered (his XI Corps, still suffering the effects of their defeat at the Battle of Chancellorsville, had only 8,700 effectives), and the terrain his men occupied in the north was poorly selected for defense. He held out some hope that reinforcements from Slocum's XII Corps would arrive up the Baltimore Pike in time to make a difference.[30]

text: Afternoon[edit]

text: In the afternoon, there was fighting both west (Hill's Corps renewing their attacks on the I Corps) and north (Ewell's Corps attacking the I and XI Corps) of Gettysburg. Ewell, on Oak Hill with Rodes, saw Howard's troops deploying before him, and he interpreted this as the start of an attack and implicit permission to set aside Gen. Lee's order not to bring about a general engagement.[31]

text: Rodes attacks from Oak Hill[edit]

text: Rodes initially sent three brigades south against Union troops that represented the right flank of the I Corps and the left flank of the XI Corps: from east to west, Brig. Gen. George P. Doles, Col. Edward A. O'Neal, and Brig. Gen. Alfred Iverson. Doles's Georgia brigade stood guarding the flank, awaiting the arrival of Early's division. Both O'Neal's and Iverson's attacks fared poorly against the six veteran regiments in the brigade of Brig. Gen. Henry Baxter, manning a line in a shallow inverted V, facing north on the ridge behind the Mummasburg Road. O'Neal's men were sent forward without coordinating with Iverson on their flank and fell back under heavy fire from the I Corps troops.[32]

text: Iverson failed to perform even a rudimentary reconnaissance and sent his men forward blindly while he stayed in the rear (as had O'Neal, minutes earlier). More of Baxter's men were concealed in woods behind a stone wall and rose to fire withering volleys from less than 100 yards (91 m) away, creating over 800 casualties among the 1,350 North Carolinians. Stories are told about groups of dead bodies lying in almost parade-ground formations, heels of their boots perfectly aligned. (The bodies were later buried on the scene, and this area is today known as "Iverson's Pits", source of many local tales of supernatural phenomena.)[33]

text: Baxter's brigade was worn down and out of ammunition. At 3:00 p.m. he withdrew his brigade, and Gen. Robinson replaced it with the brigade of Brig. Gen. Gabriel R. Paul. Rodes then committed his two reserve brigades: Brig. Gens. Junius Daniel and Dodson Ramseur. Ramseur attacked first, but Paul's brigade held its crucial position. Paul had a bullet go in one temple and out the other, blinding him permanently (he survived the wound and lived 20 more years after the battle). Before the end of the day, three other commanders of that brigade were wounded.[34]

text: Daniel's North Carolina brigade then attempted to break the I Corps line to the southwest along the Chambersburg Pike. They ran into stiff resistance from Col. Roy Stone's Pennsylvania "Bucktail Brigade" in the same area around the railroad cut as the morning's battle. Fierce fighting eventually ground to a standstill.[35]

text: Heth renews his attack[edit]

text: Gen. Lee arrived on the battlefield at about 2:30 p.m., as Rodes's men were in mid-attack. Seeing that a major assault was underway, he lifted his restriction on a general engagement and gave permission to Hill to resume his attacks from the morning. First in line was Heth's division again, with two fresh brigades: Pettigrew's North Carolinians and Col. John M. Brockenbrough's Virginians.[36]

text: Pettigrew's Brigade was deployed in a line that extended south beyond the ground defended by the Iron Brigade. Enveloping the left flank of the 19th Indiana, Pettigrew's North Carolinians, the largest brigade in the army, drove back the Iron Brigade in some of the fiercest fighting of the war. The Iron Brigade was pushed out of the woods, made three temporary stands in the open ground to the east, but then had to fall back toward the Lutheran Theological Seminary. Gen. Meredith was downed with a head wound, made all the worse when his horse fell on him. To the left of the Iron Brigade was the brigade of Col. Chapman Biddle, defending open ground on McPherson Ridge, but they were outflanked and decimated. To the right, Stone's Bucktails, facing both west and north along the Chambersburg Pike, were attacked by both Brockenbrough and Daniel.[37]

text: Casualties were severe that afternoon. The 26th North Carolina (the largest regiment of the army with 839 men) lost heavily, leaving the first day's fight with around 212 men. Their commander, Colonel Henry K. Burgwyn, was fatally wounded by a bullet through his chest. By the end of the three-day battle, they had about 152 men standing, the highest casualty percentage for one battle of any regiment, North or South.[38] One of the Union regiments, the 24th Michigan, lost 399 of 496.[39] It had nine color bearers shot down, and its commander, Col. Henry A. Morrow, was wounded in the head and captured. The 151st Pennsylvania of Biddle's brigade lost 337 of 467.[40]

text: The highest ranking casualty of this engagement was Gen. Heth, who was struck by a bullet in the head. He was apparently saved because he had stuffed wads of paper into a new hat, which was otherwise too large for his head.[41] But there were two consequences to this glancing blow. Heth was unconscious for over 24 hours and had no further command involvement in the three-day battle. He was also unable to urge Pender's division to move forward and supplement his struggling assault. Pender was oddly passive during this phase of the battle; the typically more aggressive tendencies of a young general in Lee's army would have seen him move forward on his own accord. Hill shared the blame for failing to order him forward as well, but he claimed illness. History cannot know Pender's motivations; he was mortally wounded the next day and left no report.[42]

text: Early attacks XI Corps[edit]

text: Maj. Gen. Oliver O. Howard of the XI Corps had a difficult defensive problem. He had only two divisions (four brigades) to cover the wide expanse of featureless farmland north of town. He and Maj. Gen. Carl Schurz, temporarily in command of the corps while Howard was in overall command on the field, deployed the division of Brig. Gen. Alexander Schimmelfennig on the left and Brig. Gen. Francis C. Barlow on the right. From the left, the brigades were Schimmelfennig's (under Col. George von Amsberg), Col. Włodzimierz Krzyżanowski, Brig. Gen. Adelbert Ames, and Col. Leopold von Gilsa. Howard recalled that he selected this line as a logical continuation of the I Corps line formed on his left. This decision has been criticized by historians, such as Edwin B. Coddington, as being too far forward, with a right flank vulnerable to envelopment by the enemy. (Coddington suggests that a more defensible line would have been along Stevens Run, about 600 feet north of the railroad, a shorter line to defend, with better fields of fire, and with a more secure right flank.)[43]

text: Making the Federal defense more difficult, Barlow advanced farther north than Schimmelfennig's division, occupying a 50-foot (15 m) elevation above Rock Creek named Blocher's Knoll (known today as Barlow's Knoll).[44] Barlow's justification was that he wanted to prevent Doles's Brigade, of Rodes's division, from occupying it and using it as an artillery platform against him. General Schurz claimed afterward that Barlow had misunderstood his orders by taking this position. (In Schurz's official report, however, he states that Barlow "had been directing the movements of his troops with the most praiseworthy coolness and intrepidity, unmindful of the shower of bullets around," and "was severely wounded, and had to be carried off the battle-field." [45]) By taking the knoll, Barlow was following Howard's directive to obstruct the advance of Early's division, and in doing so, deprive him of an artillery platform, as von Steinwehr fortified the position on Cemetery Hill. The position on the knoll turned out to be unfortunate, as it created a salient in the line that could be assaulted from multiple sides. Schurz ordered Krzyżanowski's brigade, which had heretofore been sitting en masse at the north end of town (without further order to position from Schurz) forward to assist Barlow's two brigades on the knoll, but they arrived too late and in insufficient numbers to help. Historian Harry W. Pfanz judges Barlow's decision to be a "blunder" that "ensured the defeat of the corps."[46]

text: Richard Ewell's second division, under Jubal Early, swept down the Harrisburg Road, deployed in a battle line three brigades wide, almost a mile across (1,600 m) and almost half a mile (800 m) wider than the Union defensive line. Early started with a large-scale artillery bombardment. The Georgia brigade of Brigadier-General John B. Gordon was then directed for a frontal attack against Barlow's Knoll, pinning down the defenders, while the brigades of Brigadier-General Harry T. Hays and Colonel Isaac E. Avery swung around their exposed flank. At the same time the Georgians under Doles launched a synchronized assault with Gordon. The defenders of Barlow's Knoll targeted by Gordon were 900 men of von Gilsa's brigade; in May, two of his regiments had been the initial target of Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's flanking attack at Chancellorsville. The men of the 54th and 68th New York held out as long as they could, but they were overwhelmed. Then the 153rd Pennsylvania succumbed. Barlow, attempting to rally his troops, was shot in the side and captured. Barlow's second brigade, under Ames, came under attack by Doles and Gordon. Both Union brigades conducted a disorderly retreat to the south.[47]

text: On the left flank of the XI Corps, the attack focused on Gen. Schimmelfennig's division. They were subjected to a deadly artillery crossfire from Rodes' and Early's batteries, and as they deployed they were attacked by Doles' infantry. Early's troops were able to employ a flanking attack and roll up the division from the right, and they fell back in confusion toward the town. A desperate counterattack by the 157th New York from von Amsberg's brigade was surrounded on three sides, causing it to suffer 307 casualties (75%).[48]

text: Gen. Howard, witnessing this disaster, sent forward an artillery battery and an infantry brigade from von Steinwehr's reserve force, under Col. Charles Coster. Coster's battle line just north of the town in Kuhn's brickyard was overwhelmed by Hays and Avery. He provided valuable cover for the retreating soldiers, but at a high price: of Coster's 800 men, 313 were captured, as were two of the four guns from the battery.[49]

text: The collapse of the XI Corps was completed by 4 p.m., after a fight of less than an hour. They suffered 3,200 casualties (1,400 of them prisoners), about half the number sent forward from Cemetery Hill. The losses in Gordon's and Doles's brigades were under 750.[50]

text: Rodes and Pender break through[edit]

text: Rodes's original faulty attack at 2:00 had stalled, but he launched his reserve brigade, under Ramseur, against Paul's Brigade in the salient on the Mummasburg Road, with Doles's Brigade against the left flank of the XI Corps. Daniel's Brigade resumed its attack, now to the east against Baxter on Oak Ridge. This time Rodes was more successful, mostly because Early coordinated an attack on his flank.[51]

text: In the west, the Union troops had fallen back to the Seminary and built hasty breastworks running 600 yards (550 m) north-south before the western face of Schmucker Hall, bolstered by 20 guns of Wainwright's battalion. Dorsey Pender's division of Hill's Corps stepped through the exhausted lines of Heth's men at about 4:00 p.m. to finish off the I Corps survivors. The brigade of Brig. Gen. Alfred M. Scales attacked first, on the northern flank. His five regiments of 1,400 North Carolinians were virtually annihilated in one of the fiercest artillery barrages of the war, rivaling Pickett's Charge to come, but on a more concentrated scale. Twenty guns spaced only 5 yards (4.6 m) apart fired spherical case, explosive shells, canister, and double canister rounds into the approaching brigade, which emerged from the fight with only 500 men standing and a single lieutenant in command. Scales wrote afterwards that he found "only a squad here and there marked the place where regiments had rested."[52]

text: The attack continued in the southern-central area, where Col. Abner M. Perrin ordered his South Carolina brigade (four regiments of 1,500 men) to advance rapidly without pausing to fire. Perrin was prominently on horseback leading his men but miraculously was untouched. He directed his men to a weak point in the breastworks on the Union left, a 50-yard (46 m) gap between Biddle's left-hand regiment, the 121st Pennsylvania, and Gamble's cavalrymen, attempting to guard the flank. They broke through, enveloping the Union line and rolling it up to the north as Scales's men continued to pin down the right flank. By 4:30 p.m., the Union position was untenable, and the men could see the XI Corps retreating from the northern battle, pursued by masses of Confederates. Doubleday ordered a withdrawal east to Cemetery Hill.[53]

text: On the southern flank, the North Carolina brigade of Brig. Gen. James H. Lane contributed little to the assault; he was kept busy by a clash with Union cavalry on the Hagerstown Road. Brig. Gen. Edward L. Thomas's Georgia Brigade was in reserve well to the rear, not summoned by Pender or Hill to assist or exploit the breakthrough.[54]

text: Union retreat[edit]

text: The sequence of retreating units remains unclear. Each of the two corps cast blame on the other. There are three main versions of events extant. The first, most prevalent, version is that the fiasco on Barlow's Knoll triggered a collapse that ran counterclockwise around the line. The second is that both Barlow's line and the Seminary defense collapsed at about the same time. The third is that Robinson's division in the center gave way and that spread both left and right. Gen. Howard told Gen. Meade that his corps was forced to retreat only because the I Corps collapsed first on his flank, which may have reduced his embarrassment but was unappreciated by Doubleday and his men. (Doubleday's career was effectively ruined by Howard's story.)[55]

text: Union troops retreated in different states of order. The brigades on Seminary Ridge were said to move deliberately and slowly, keeping in control, although Col. Wainwright's artillery was not informed of the order to retreat and found themselves alone. When Wainwright realized his situation, he ordered his gun crews to withdraw at a walk, not wishing to panic the infantry and start a rout. As pressure eventually increased, Wainwright ordered his 17 remaining guns to gallop down Chambersburg Street, three abreast.[56] A.P. Hill failed to commit any of his reserves to the pursuit of the Seminary defenders, a great missed opportunity.[57]

text: Near the railroad cut, Daniel's Brigade renewed their assault, and almost 500 Union soldiers surrendered and were taken prisoner. Paul's Brigade, under attack by Ramseur, became seriously isolated and Gen. Robinson ordered it to withdraw. He ordered the 16th Maine to hold its position "at any cost" as a rear guard against the enemy pursuit. The regiment, commanded by Col. Charles Tilden, returned to the stone wall on the Mummasburg Road, and their fierce fire gave sufficient time for the rest of the brigade to escape, which they did, in considerably more disarray than those from the Seminary. The 16th Maine started the day with 298 men, but at the end of this holding action there were only 35 survivors.[58]

text: For the XI Corps, it was a sad reminder of their retreat at Chancellorsville in May. Under heavy pursuit by Hays and Avery, they clogged the streets of the town; no one in the corps had planned routes for this contingency. Hand-to-hand fighting broke out in various places. Parts of the corps conducted an organized fighting retreat, such as Coster's stand in the brickyard. The private citizens of Gettysburg panicked amidst the turmoil, and artillery shells bursting overhead and fleeing refugees added to the congestion. Some soldiers sought to avoid capture by hiding in basements and in fenced backyards. Gen. Alexander Schimmelfennig was one such person who climbed a fence and hid behind a woodpile in the kitchen garden of the Garlach family for the rest of the three-day battle.[59] The only advantage that the XI Corps soldiers had was that they were familiar with the route to Cemetery Hill, having passed through that way in the morning; many in the I Corps, including senior officers, did not know where the cemetery was.[60]

text: As the Union troops climbed Cemetery Hill, they encountered the determined Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock. At midday, Gen. Meade was nine miles (14 km) south of Gettysburg in Taneytown, Maryland, when he heard that Reynolds had been killed. He immediately dispatched Hancock, commander of the II Corps and his most trusted subordinate, to the scene with orders to take command of the field and to determine whether Gettysburg was an appropriate place for a major battle. (Meade's original plan had been to man a defensive line on Pipe Creek, a few miles south in Maryland. But the serious battle underway was making that a difficult option.)[61]

text: When Hancock arrived on Cemetery Hill, he met with Howard and they had a brief disagreement about Meade's command order. As the senior officer, Howard yielded only grudgingly to Hancock's direction. Although Hancock arrived after 4:00 p.m. and commanded no units on the field that day, he took control of the Union troops arriving on the hill and directed them to defensive positions with his "imperious and defiant" (and profane) persona. As to the choice of Gettysburg as the battlefield, Hancock told Howard "I think this the strongest position by nature upon which to fight a battle that I ever saw." When Howard agreed, Hancock concluded the discussion: "Very well, sir, I select this as the battle-field." Brig. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren, chief engineer of the Army of the Potomac, inspected the ground and concurred with Hancock.[62]

text: Evening[edit]

text: General Lee also understood the defensive potential to the Union army if they held the high ground of Cemetery Hill. He sent orders to Ewell to "carry the hill occupied by the enemy, if he found it practicable, but to avoid a general engagement until the arrival of the other divisions of the army." In the face of this discretionary, and possibly contradictory, order, Ewell chose not to attempt the assault.[63] One reason posited was the battle fatigue of his men in the late afternoon, although "Allegheny" Johnson's division of Ewell's Corps was within an hour of arriving on the battlefield. Another was the difficulty of assaulting the hill through the narrow corridors afforded by the streets of Gettysburg immediately to the north. Ewell requested assistance from A.P. Hill, but that general felt his corps was too depleted from the day's battle and General Lee did not want to bring up Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson's division from the reserve. Ewell did consider taking Culp's Hill, which would have made the Union position on Cemetery Hill untenable. However, Jubal Early opposed the idea when it was reported that Union troops (probably Slocum's XII Corps) were approaching on the York Pike, and he sent the brigades of John B. Gordon and Brig. Gen. William "Extra Billy" Smith to block that perceived threat; Early urged waiting for Johnson's division to take the hill. After Johnson's division arrived via the Chambersburg Pike, it maneuvered toward the east of town in preparation to take the hill, but a small reconnaissance party sent in advance encountered a picket line of the 7th Indiana Infantry, which opened fire and captured a Confederate officer and soldier. The remainder of the Confederates fled and attempts to seize Culp's Hill on July 1 came to an end.[64]

text:
Responsibility for the failure of the Confederates to make an all-out assault on Cemetery Hill on July 1 must rest with Lee. If Ewell had been a Jackson he might have been able to regroup his forces quickly enough to attack within an hour after the Yankees had started to retreat through the town. The likelihood of success decreased rapidly after that time unless Lee were willing to risk everything.

Edwin B. Coddington, The Gettysburg Campaign[65]

text: Lee's order has been criticized because it left too much discretion to Ewell. Numerous historians and proponents of the Lost Cause movement (most prominently Jubal Early, despite his own reluctance to support an attack at the time) have speculated how the more aggressive Stonewall Jackson would have acted on this order if he had lived to command this wing of Lee's army, and how differently the second day of battle would have proceeded with Confederate artillery on Cemetery Hill, commanding the length of Cemetery Ridge and the Federal lines of communications on the Baltimore Pike.[66] Stephen W. Sears has suggested that Gen. Meade would have invoked his original plan for a defensive line on Pipe Creek and withdrawn the Army of the Potomac, although that movement would have been a dangerous operation under pressure from Lee.[67]

text: Most of the rest of both armies arrived that evening or early the next morning. Johnson's division joined Ewell and Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson's joined Hill. Two of the three divisions of the First Corps, commanded by Lt. Gen. James Longstreet, arrived in the morning. Three cavalry brigades under Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart were still out of the area, on a wide-ranging raid to the northeast. Gen. Lee sorely felt the loss of the "eyes and ears of the Army"; Stuart's absence had contributed to the accidental start of the battle that morning and left Lee unsure about enemy dispositions through most of July 2. On the Union side, Meade arrived after midnight. The II Corps and III Corps took up positions on Cemetery Ridge, and the XII Corps and the V Corps were nearby to the east. Only the VI Corps was a significant distance from the battlefield, marching rapidly to join the Army of the Potomac.[68]

text: The first day at Gettysburg—more significant than simply a prelude to the bloody second and third days—ranks as the 23rd biggest battle of the war by number of troops engaged. About one quarter of Meade's army (22,000 men) and one third of Lee's army (27,000) were engaged.[69] Union casualties were almost 9,000, Confederate slightly more than 6,000.[70]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 25–28; Martin, pp. 24, 29, 41.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 47–48, asserts that Buford was primarily concerned with the defense of the town itself, and while he had an innate understanding of the value of high ground, there is no evidence that he visited Cemetery Hill, Culp's Hill, or the Round Tops, or formally considered them as defensive ground for Meade's army.
Jump up ^ Sears, p. 155.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 43, 49; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 41–42.
Jump up ^ Martin, p. 60.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 52–56; Martin, pp. 63–64.
Jump up ^ Eicher, p. 510.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 80–81. The troopers carried single-shot, breechloading carbines manufactured by Sharps, Burnside, and others.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 57, 59, 74; Martin, pp. 82–88, 96–97.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, p. 60; Martin, p. 103.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 102, 104.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 77–78; Martin, pp. 140–43.
^ Jump up to: a b Pfanz, Battle of Gettysburg, p. 13.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 81–90.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 149–61; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 91–98; Pfanz, Battle of Gettysburg, p. 13.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 160–61; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 100–101.
Jump up ^ Martin, p. 125.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 102–14.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, p. 112.
Jump up ^ Martin, p. 131.
Jump up ^ Martin, p. 140.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 117–19; Martin, pp. 186–89.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 148, 228; Martin, pp. 204–206.
Jump up ^ Martin, p. 198; Pfanz, First Day, p. 137, estimates 10:30.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 123, 124, 128, 137; Martin, p. 198.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 198–202; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 137, 140, 216.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, Battle of Gettysburg, p. 15.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, p. 130.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, p. 238.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, p. 158.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 161–62.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 205–210; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 163–66.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 224–38; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 170–78.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 182–84; Martin, pp. 247–55.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 194–213; Martin, pp. 238–47.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 275–76; Martin, p. 341.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 276–93; Martin, p. 342.
Jump up ^ Busey and Martin, pp. 298, 501.
Jump up ^ Busey and Martin, pp. 22, 386.
Jump up ^ Busey and Martin, pp. 27, 386.
Jump up ^ Martin, p. 366; Pfanz, First Day, p. 292.
Jump up ^ Martin, p. 395.
Jump up ^ Coddington, p. 301; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 218–23; Martin, p. 285.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, p. 217.
Jump up ^ Maj. Gen. Carl Schurz, Gettysburg Campaign, O.R. Series I, Volume XXVII/1 [S# 43].
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 230–31; Coddington, p. 301; Martin, pp. 276–77; Adkins, p. 379; Petruzzi and Stanley, pp. 46–47.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 229–48; Martin, pp. 277–91.
Jump up ^ Martin, p. 302; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 254–57.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 258–68; Martin, pp. 306–23.
Jump up ^ Sears, p. 217.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 386–93.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 305–11; Martin, pp. 394–404; Sears, p. 218.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 311–17; Martin, pp. 404–26.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 426–29; Pfanz, First Day, p. 302.
Jump up ^ Sears, p. 224.
Jump up ^ Sears, p. 220; Martin, p. 446.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, p. 320; Sears, p. 223.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 379, 389–92.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 328–29.
Jump up ^ Martin, p. 333.
Jump up ^ Pfanz, First Day, pp. 337–38; Sears, pp. 223–25.
Jump up ^ Martin, pp. 482–88.
Jump up ^ Sears, p. 227; Martin, p. 504; Mackowski and White, p. 35.
Jump up ^ Mackowski and White, pp. 36–41; Bearss, pp. 171–72; Coddington, pp. 317–21; Gottfried, p. 549; Pfanz, First Day, pp. 347–49; Martin, p. 510.
Jump up ^ Coddington, pp. 320–21.
Jump up ^ See, for instance, Pfanz, First Day, pp. 345–46, or Martin, pp. 563–65.
Jump up ^ Sears, pp. 233–34.
Jump up ^ Eicher, p. 520; Martin, p. 537.
Jump up ^ Martin, p. 9, citing Thomas L. Livermore's Numbers & Losses in the Civil War in America (Houghton Mifflin, 1900).
Jump up ^ Trudeau, p. 272.

tag: ol


document_title: ICC Awards

question_text: who has been named as the cricketer of the year in the icc annual awards

text: ICC Awards

text: Award categories[edit]

text: The following awards have been or currently are presented:

text:
Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy (Cricketer of the Year)
Test Player of the Year
ODI Player of the Year
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year
Emerging Player of the Year

tag: ul

text: Players eligible for this award must be under 26 years of age at the start of the voting period and have played no more than five Tests and/or ten ODIs before that date.

text:
Associate Player of the Year
David Shepherd Trophy (Umpire of the Year)
Captain of the Year
Women's Cricketer of the Year
Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year
Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year
Women's Emerging Player of the Year
Spirit of Cricket

text:
Their opponents
Their own captain and team
The role of the umpires
The game's traditional values

text:
LG People's Choice Award
Fan's Moment of the Year
World Test XI
World one-day XI
Women's one-day XI
Women's T20I XI

text: ICC Development Programme Awards[edit]

text: In December 2016, ICC Development Programme Awards was announced for ICC's Associate and Affiliate Members aimed at creating improving structures within the 95 member federations.[1]

text: Methodology[edit]

text: The judging/voting period was originally from 1 August of the current year to 31 July of the next year. It has since undergone two changes and now takes place presently between September of the current year and September of the next year.

text: The ICC Selection committee comprises eminent former players and select the finalists for the ICC Cricketer of the Year, ICC Test Player of the Year, ICC ODI Player of the Year, ICC Emerging Player of the Year. The committee selects the final ICC World Test XI and ICC World one-day XI.

text:
Selection Committee

Year
Chairman
Committee Members

2004
 Sunil Gavaskar
 Richie Benaud
 Michael Holding
 Ian Botham
 Barry Richards

2005
 Sunil Gavaskar
 David Gower
 Richard Hadlee
 Rod Marsh
 Courtney Walsh

2006
 Sunil Gavaskar
 Allan Donald
 Ian Healy
 Arjuna Ranatunga
 Waqar Younis

2007
 Sunil Gavaskar
 Chris Cairns
 Gary Kirsten
 Iqbal Qasim
 Alec Stewart

2008
 Clive Lloyd
 Greg Chappell
 Shaun Pollock
 Sidath Wettimuny
 Athar Ali Khan

2009
 Clive Lloyd
 Anil Kumble
 Mudassar Nazar
 Stephen Fleming
 Bob Taylor

2010
 Clive Lloyd
 Angus Fraser
 Matthew Hayden
 Ravi Shastri
 Duncan Fletcher

2011
 Clive Lloyd
 Zaheer Abbas
 Mike Gatting
 Paul Adams
 Danny Morrison

2012
 Clive Lloyd
 Marvan Atapattu
 Tom Moody
 Carl Hooper
 Clare Connor

2013
 Anil Kumble
 Alec Stewart
 Waqar Younis
 Catherine Campbell
 Graeme Pollock

2014
 Anil Kumble
 Jonathan Agnew
 Russel Arnold
 Stephen Fleming
 Betty Timmer

2015
 Anil Kumble
 Ian Bishop
 Mark Butcher
 Belinda Clark
 Gundappa Viswanath

tag: table

text: The final selection for the award is voted for by an academy of 56 (expanded from 50 in 2004), which includes current national team captains of Test playing nations (10), members of the Elite panel of ICC umpires and referees (18), prominent former players and cricket correspondents (28). In the event of a tie in the voting, the award is shared.

text: 2004 awards[edit]

text: The inaugural ICC awards ceremony was held on 7 September 2004, in London. The judging period covered was from 1 August 2003 to 31 July 2004 and included all Test matches and One Day Internationals played during that period.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Rahul Dravid (India)
Test Player of the Year: Rahul Dravid (India)
ODI Player of the Year: Andrew Flintoff (England)
Emerging Player of the Year: Irfan Pathan (India)
Umpire of the Year: Simon Taufel (Australia)
Spirit of Cricket: New Zealand
World Test XI: Matthew Hayden (Aus), Herschelle Gibbs (SA), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Rahul Dravid (Ind), Brian Lara (WI), Jacques Kallis (SA), Adam Gilchrist (Aus, wicket-keeper), Chaminda Vaas (SL), Shane Warne (Aus), Jason Gillespie (Aus), Steve Harmison (Eng) 12th man: Sachin Tendulkar
World one-day XI: Adam Gilchrist (Aus, wicket-keeper), Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Chris Gayle (WI), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Brian Lara (WI), Jacques Kallis (SA), Virender Sehwag (Ind), Andrew Flintoff (Eng), Shaun Pollock (SA), Chaminda Vaas (SL), Jason Gillespie (Aus)

text: 2005 awards[edit]

text: The second ICC awards ceremony was held at the Four Seasons Hotel in Sydney, Australia, on 11 October 2005. The judging period covered was from 1 August 2004 to 31 July 2005. This did not include the whole of the 2005 Ashes Series, since the final four matches of this series were played in August and September.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Awarded jointly to Andrew Flintoff (England) and Jacques Kallis (South Africa)
Test Player of the Year: Jacques Kallis (South Africa)
ODI Player of the Year: Kevin Pietersen (England)
Emerging Player of the Year: Kevin Pietersen (England)
Umpire of the Year: Simon Taufel (Australia)
Spirit of Cricket: England
World Test XI: Virender Sehwag (Ind), Graeme Smith (SA), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Jacques Kallis (SA), Brian Lara (WI), Inzamam-ul-Haq (Pak), Andrew Flintoff (Eng), Adam Gilchrist (Aus, wicket-keeper), Shane Warne (Aus), Chaminda Vaas (SL), Glenn McGrath (Aus), 12th man: Anil Kumble (Ind)
World one-day XI: Marvan Atapattu (SL, captain), Adam Gilchrist (Aus, wicket-keeper), Rahul Dravid (Ind), Kevin Pietersen (Eng), Andrew Symonds (Aus), Inzamam-ul-Haq (Pak), Andrew Flintoff (Eng), Daniel Vettori (NZ), Brett Lee (Aus), Naved-ul-Hasan (Pak), Glenn McGrath (Aus), 12th man: Jacques Kallis (SA)
List of nominees for 2005 awards

text: 2006 awards[edit]

text: The third ICC awards ceremony was held in Mumbai, India on 3 November 2006, during the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy. The judging period was from 1 August 2005 to 8 August 2006, thus including three of the four Tests between Pakistan and England, and the Test series between South Africa and Sri Lanka. For the first time, honors for both Women's Cricketer of the Year and Captain of the Year were awarded.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Ricky Ponting (Australia)
Test Player of the Year: Ricky Ponting (Australia)
ODI Player of the Year: Michael Hussey (Australia)
Emerging Player of the Year: Ian Bell (England)
Umpire of the Year: Simon Taufel (Australia)
Captain of the Year: Mahela Jayawardene (Sri Lanka)
Women's Cricketer of the Year: Karen Rolton (Australia)
Spirit of Cricket: England
World Test XI: Matthew Hayden (Aus), Michael Hussey (Aus), Ricky Ponting (Aus), Rahul Dravid (Ind, captain), Mohammad Yousuf (Pak), Kumar Sangakkara (SL, wicket-keeper), Andrew Flintoff (Eng), Shane Warne (Aus), Makhaya Ntini (SA), Muttiah Muralitharan (SL), Glenn McGrath (Aus), 12th man: Brett Lee (Aus)
World one-day XI: Adam Gilchrist (Aus, wicket-keeper), MS Dhoni (Ind), Ricky Ponting (Aus), Mahela Jayawardene (SL, captain), Yuvraj Singh (Ind), Andrew Flintoff (Eng), Michael Hussey (Aus), Irfan Pathan (Ind), Brett Lee (Aus), Shane Bond (NZ), Muttiah Muralitharan (SL), 12th man: Andrew Symonds (Aus)
List of nominees for 2006 awards

text: 2007 awards[edit]

text: The fourth ICC awards ceremony was held in Johannesburg, South Africa. For the first time, honor for Associate Player of the Year was awarded.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Ricky Ponting (Australia)
Test Player of the Year: Mohammad Yousuf (Pakistan)
ODI Player of the Year: Matthew Hayden (Australia)
Emerging Player of the Year: Shaun Tait (Australia)
Associate Player of the Year: Thomas Odoyo (Kenya)
Umpire of the Year: Simon Taufel (Australia)
Captain of the Year: Ricky Ponting (Australia)
Women's Cricketer of the Year: Jhulan Goswami (India)
Spirit of Cricket: Sri Lanka
World Test XI: Michael Vaughan (Eng), Matthew Hayden (Aus), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Mohammad Yousuf (Pak), Kevin Pietersen (Eng), Michael Hussey (Aus), Kumar Sangakkara (SL, wicket-keeper), Stuart Clark (Aus), Makhaya Ntini (SA), Mohammad Asif (Pak), Muttiah Muralitharan (SL), 12th man: Zaheer Khan (Ind)
World one-day XI: Matthew Hayden (Aus), Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Kevin Pietersen (Eng), Jacques Kallis (SA), Shivnarine Chanderpaul (WI), Mark Boucher (SA, wicket-keeper), Chaminda Vaas (SL), Shane Bond (NZ), Muttiah Muralitharan (SL), Glenn McGrath (Aus), 12th man: Michael Hussey (Aus)

text: 2008 awards[edit]

text: The fifth ICC awards ceremony was held in Dubai, U.A.E. on 10 September 2008 and saw the Twenty20 International Performance of the Year award inaugurated.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Shivnarine Chanderpaul (West Indies)
Test Player of the Year: Dale Steyn (South Africa)
ODI Player of the Year: MS Dhoni (India)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Yuvraj Singh (India)
Emerging Player of the Year: Ajantha Mendis (Sri Lanka)
Associate Player of the Year: Ryan ten Doeschate (Netherlands)
Umpire of the Year: Simon Taufel (Australia)
Women's Cricketer of the Year: Charlotte Edwards (England)
Spirit of Cricket: Sri Lanka
World Test XI: Graeme Smith (SA, captain), Virender Sehwag (Ind), Mahela Jayawardene (SL), Shivnarine Chanderpaul (WI), Kevin Pietersen (Eng), Jacques Kallis (SA), Kumar Sangakkara (SL, wicket-keeper), Brett Lee (Aus), Ryan Sidebottom (Eng), Dale Steyn (SA), Muttiah Muralitharan (SL), 12th man: Stuart Clark (Aus)
World one-day XI: Herschelle Gibbs (SA), Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Ajantha Mendis (SL), Farveez Maharoof (SL), MS Dhoni (Ind, wicket-keeper), Andrew Symonds (Aus), Daniel Vettori (NZ), Brett Lee (Aus), Mitchell Johnson (Aus), Nathan Bracken (Aus), 12th man: Salman Butt (Pak)

text: 2009 awards[edit]

text: The sixth ICC awards ceremony was held in Johannesburg, South Africa on 1 October 2009.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Mitchell Johnson (Australia)
Test Player of the Year: Gautam Gambhir (India)
ODI Player of the Year: MS Dhoni (India)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Tillakaratne Dilshan (Sri Lanka)
Emerging Player of the Year: Peter Siddle (Australia)
Associate Player of the Year: William Porterfield (Ireland)
Umpire of the Year: Aleem Dar (Pakistan)
Women's Cricketer of the Year: Claire Taylor (England)
Spirit of Cricket: New Zealand
World Test XI: Gautam Gambhir (Ind), Andrew Strauss (Eng), AB de Villiers (SA), Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Thilan Samaraweera (SL), Michael Clarke (Aus), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Shakib Al Hasan (Ban), Mitchell Johnson (Aus), Stuart Broad (Eng), Dale Steyn (SA), 12th man: Harbhajan Singh (Ind)
World one-day XI: Martin Guptill (NZ), Chris Gayle (WI), Kevin Pietersen (Eng), Tillakaratne Dilshan (SL), Yuvraj Singh (Ind), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Virender Sehwag (Ind), Andrew Flintoff (Eng), Nuwan Kulasekara (SL), Ajantha Mendis (SL), Umar Gul (Pak), 12th man: Thilan Thushara (SL)
List of nominees for 2009 awards

text: 2010 awards[edit]

text: The seventh ICC awards ceremony was held in Bengaluru, India on 6 October 2010.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Sachin Tendulkar (India)
Test Player of the Year: Virender Sehwag (India)
Test Team of the Year: India
ODI Player of the Year: AB de Villiers (South Africa)
ODI Team of the Year: Australia
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Brendon McCullum (New Zealand)
Emerging Player of the Year: Steven Finn (England)
Associate Player of the Year: Ryan ten Doeschate (Netherlands)
Umpire of the Year: Aleem Dar (Pakistan)
Women's Cricketer of the Year: Shelley Nitschke (Australia)
Spirit of Cricket: New Zealand
LG People's Choice Award: Sachin Tendulkar (India)
World Test XI: Virender Sehwag (Ind), Simon Katich (Aus), Hashim Amla (SA), Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Kumar Sangakkara (SL), Jacques Kallis (SA), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Graeme Swann (Eng), James Anderson (Eng), Dale Steyn (SA), Doug Bollinger (Aus), 12th man: Steve Harmison (Eng)
World one-day XI: Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Shane Watson (Aus), Michael Hussey (Aus), AB de Villiers (SA), Paul Collingwood (Eng), MS Dhoni (Ind, wicket-keeper), Ricky Ponting (Aus, captain), Daniel Vettori (NZ), Stuart Broad (Eng), Doug Bollinger (Aus), Ryan Harris (Aus)

text: 2011 awards[edit]

text: The eighth ICC awards ceremony was held in London, England on 12 September 2011.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Jonathan Trott (England)
Test Player of the Year: Alastair Cook (England)
ODI Player of the Year: Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Tim Southee (New Zealand)
Emerging Player of the Year: Devendra Bishoo (West Indies)
Associate Player of the Year: Ryan ten Doeschate (Netherlands)
Umpire of the Year: Aleem Dar (Pakistan)
Women's Cricketer of the Year: Stafanie Taylor (West Indies)
Spirit of Cricket: MS Dhoni (India)
LG People's Choice Award: Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)
World Test XI: Alastair Cook (Eng), Hashim Amla (SA), Jonathan Trott (Eng), Sachin Tendulkar (Ind), Kumar Sangakkara (SL, captain, wicket-keeper), AB de Villiers (SA), Jacques Kallis (SA), Stuart Broad (Eng), Graeme Swann (Eng), Dale Steyn (SA), James Anderson (Eng), 12th man: Zaheer Khan (Ind)
World one-day XI: Tillakaratne Dilshan (SL), Virender Sehwag (Ind), Shane Watson (Aus), Kumar Sangakkara (SL), AB de Villiers (SA), Yuvraj Singh (Ind), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Graeme Swann (Eng), Umar Gul (Pak), Dale Steyn (SA), Zaheer Khan (Ind), 12th man: Lasith Malinga (SL)

text: 2012 awards[edit]

text: The ninth ICC awards ceremony was held in Colombo, Sri Lanka on 15 September 2012.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)
Test Player of the Year: Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)
ODI Player of the Year: Virat Kohli[2] (India)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Richard Levi (South Africa)
Emerging Player of the Year: Sunil Narine (West Indies)
Associate Player of the Year: George Dockrell (Ireland)
Umpire of the Year: Kumar Dharmasena (Sri Lanka)
Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year: Stafanie Taylor (West Indies)
Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year: Sarah Taylor (England)
Spirit of Cricket: Daniel Vettori (New Zealand)
LG People's Choice Award: Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)
World Test XI: Alastair Cook (Eng), Hashim Amla (SA), Kumar Sangakkara (SL), Jacques Kallis (SA), Michael Clarke (Aus, captain), Shivnarine Chanderpaul (WI), Matt Prior (Eng, wicket-keeper), Stuart Broad (Eng), Saeed Ajmal (Pak), Vernon Philander (SA), Dale Steyn (SA), 12th man: AB de Villiers (SA)
World one-day XI: Gautam Gambhir (Ind), Alastair Cook (Eng), Virat Kohli (Ind), Kumar Sangakkara (SL), Shahid Afridi (Pak), Michael Clarke (Aus), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Morne Morkel (SA), Steven Finn (Eng), Lasith Malinga (SL), Saeed Ajmal (Pak), 12th man: Shane Watson (Aus)

text: 2013 awards[edit]

text: The 2013 edition of the awards were replaced by a TV show. Rather than a formal event, the winners were broadcast in a special TV show which was aired on 14 December 2013.[3]

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Michael Clarke (Australia)
Test Player of the Year: Michael Clarke (Australia)
ODI Player of the Year: Kumar Sangakkara (Sri Lanka)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Umar Gul (Pakistan)
Emerging Player of the Year: Cheteshwar Pujara (India)
Associate Player of the Year: Kevin O'Brien (Ireland)
Umpire of the Year: Richard Kettleborough (England)
Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year: Suzie Bates (New Zealand)
Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year: Sarah Taylor (England)
Spirit of Cricket: Mahela Jayawardene (Sri Lanka)
LG People's Choice Award: MS Dhoni (India)
World Test XI: Alastair Cook (Eng, captain), Hashim Amla (SA), Cheteshwar Pujara (Ind), Michael Clarke (Aus), Michael Hussey (Aus), AB de Villiers (SA), MS Dhoni (Ind, wicket-keeper), Graeme Swann (Eng), Dale Steyn (SA), James Anderson (Eng), Vernon Philander (SA), 12th man: Ravichandran Ashwin (Ind)
World one-day XI: Hashim Amla (SA), Shikhar Dhawan (Ind), Kumar Sangakkara (SL), Tillakaratne Dilshan (SL), AB de Villiers (SA), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Ravindra Jadeja (Ind), Saeed Ajmal (Pak), Mitchell Starc (Aus), James Anderson (Eng), Lasith Malinga (SL), 12th man: Mitchell McClenaghan (NZ)

text: 2014 awards[edit]

text: The 2014 edition of the LG ICC Awards followed the same formal event which was implemented in 2013 as a TV show. The voting panel took into account players' performance between 26 August 2013 and 17 September 2014.[4][5] The show was broadcast globally on 15/16 November.[6]

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Mitchell Johnson (Australia)
Test Player of the Year: Mitchell Johnson (Australia)
ODI Player of the Year: AB de Villiers (South Africa)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Aaron Finch (Australia)
Emerging Player of the Year: Gary Ballance (England)
Associate Player of the Year: Preston Mommsen (Scotland)
Umpire of the Year: Richard Kettleborough (England)
Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year: Sarah Taylor (England)
Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year: Meg Lanning (Australia)
Spirit of Cricket: Katherine Brunt (England)
LG People's Choice Award: Bhuvneshwar Kumar (India)
World Test XI: David Warner (Aus), Kane Williamson (NZ), Kumar Sangakkara (SL), AB de Villiers (SA, wicket-keeper), Joe Root (Eng), Angelo Mathews (SL, captain), Mitchell Johnson (Aus), Stuart Broad (Eng), Dale Steyn (SA), Rangana Herath (SL), Tim Southee (NZ), 12th man: Ross Taylor (NZ)
World one-day XI: Mohammad Hafeez (Pak), Quinton de Kock (SA), George Bailey (Aus), Virat Kohli (Ind), AB de Villiers (SA), MS Dhoni (Ind, captain, wicket-keeper), Dwayne Bravo (WI), James Faulkner (Aus), Dale Steyn (SA), Mohammed Shami (Ind), Ajantha Mendis (SL), 12th man: Rohit Sharma (Ind)

text: 2015 awards[edit]

text: The voting panel took into account players' performance between 18 September 2014 and 13 September 2015.[7]

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Steve Smith (Australia)
Test Player of the Year: Steve Smith (Australia)
ODI Player of the Year: AB de Villiers (South Africa)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Faf du Plessis (South Africa)
Emerging Player of the Year: Josh Hazlewood (Australia)
Associate Player of the Year: Khurram Khan (United Arab Emirates)
Umpire of the Year: Richard Kettleborough (England)
Women's ODI Cricketer of the Year: Meg Lanning (Australia)
Women's T20I Cricketer of the Year: Stafanie Taylor (West Indies)
Spirit of Cricket: Brendon McCullum (New Zealand)
World Test XI: David Warner (Aus), Alastair Cook (Eng, captain), Kane Williamson (NZ), Younus Khan (Pak), Steve Smith (Aus), Joe Root (Eng), Sarfraz Ahmed (Pak, wicket-keeper), Stuart Broad (Eng), Trent Boult (NZ), Yasir Shah (Pak), Josh Hazlewood (Aus), 12th man: Ravichandran Ashwin (Ind)
World one-day XI: Tillakaratne Dilshan (SL), Hashim Amla (SA), Kumar Sangakkara (SL, wicket-keeper), AB de Villiers (SA, captain), Steve Smith (Aus), Ross Taylor (NZ), Trent Boult (NZ), Mohammed Shami (Ind), Mitchell Starc (Aus), Mustafizur Rahman (Ban), Imran Tahir (SA), 12th man: Joe Root (Eng)

text: 2016 awards[edit]

text: The voting panel took into account players' performance between 14 September 2015 and 20 September 2016.[8][9][10] The announcement of the World Test XI and World one-day XI, along with the winners of the men's individual ICC awards, was made on 21 December 2016.[11][12][13][14][15]

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Ravichandran Ashwin (India)
Test Player of the Year: Ravichandran Ashwin (India)
ODI Player of the Year: Quinton de Kock (South Africa)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Carlos Brathwaite (West Indies)
Emerging Player of the Year: Mustafizur Rahman (Bangladesh)
Associate Player of the Year: Mohammad Shahzad (Afghanistan)
Umpire of the Year: Marais Erasmus (South Africa)
Women’s ODI Cricketer of the Year: Suzie Bates (New Zealand)
Women’s T20I Cricketer of the Year: Suzie Bates (New Zealand)
Spirit of Cricket: Misbah-ul-Haq (Pakistan)
World Test XI: David Warner (Aus), Alastair Cook (Eng, captain), Kane Williamson (NZ), Joe Root (Eng), Ben Stokes (Eng), Adam Voges (Aus), Jonny Bairstow (Eng, wicket-keeper), Ravichandran Ashwin (Ind), Rangana Herath (SL), Mitchell Starc (Aus), Dale Steyn (SA), 12th man: Steve Smith (Aus)
World one-day XI: David Warner (Aus), Quinton de Kock (SA, wicket-keeper), Rohit Sharma (Ind), Virat Kohli (Ind, captain), AB de Villiers (SA), Jos Buttler (Eng), Mitchell Marsh (Aus), Ravindra Jadeja (Ind), Mitchell Starc (Aus), Kagiso Rabada (SA), Sunil Narine (WI), 12th man: Imran Tahir (SA)
Women’s World XI: Suzie Bates (NZ), Rachel Priest (NZ, wicket-keeper), Smriti Mandhana (Ind), Stafanie Taylor (WI, captain), Meg Lanning (Aus), Ellyse Perry (Aus), Heather Knight (Eng), Deandra Dottin (WI), Sune Luus (SA), Anya Shrubsole (Eng), Leigh Kasperek (NZ), 12th woman: Kim Garth (Ire)

text: 2017 awards[edit]

text: The voting panel took into account players' performance between 21 September 2016 and 31 December 2017. The announcement of the World Test XI and World one-day XI, along with the winners of the men's individual ICC awards, was made on 18 January 2018.

text: Award winners were:

text:
Cricketer of the Year: Virat Kohli (India)
Test Player of the Year: Steve Smith (Australia)
ODI Player of the Year: Virat Kohli (India)
Twenty20 International Performance of the Year: Yuzvendra Chahal (India)
Emerging Player of the Year: Hasan Ali (Pakistan)
Associate Player of the Year: Rashid Khan (Afghanistan)
Umpire of the Year: Marais Erasmus (South Africa)
Women’s Cricketer of the Year: Ellyse Perry (Australia)
Women’s ODI Cricketer of the Year: Amy Satterthwaite (New Zealand)
Women’s T20I Cricketer of the Year: Beth Mooney (Australia)
Women’s Emerging Player of the Year: Beth Mooney (Australia)
Spirit of Cricket: Anya Shrubsole (England)
Fan's Moment of the Year: Pakistan stun India to win the ICC Champions Trophy 2017
World Test XI: Dean Elgar (SA), David Warner (Aus), Virat Kohli (Ind, captain), Steve Smith (Aus), Cheteshwar Pujara (Ind), Ben Stokes (Eng), Quinton de Kock (SA, wicket-keeper), Ravichandran Ashwin (Ind), Mitchell Starc (Aus), Kagiso Rabada (SA), James Anderson (Eng)
World one-day XI: David Warner (Aus), Rohit Sharma (Ind), Virat Kohli (Ind, captain), Babar Azam (Pak), AB de Villiers (SA), Quinton de Kock (SA, wicket-keeper), Ben Stokes (Eng), Trent Boult (NZ), Hasan Ali (Pak), Rashid Khan (Afghan), Jasprit Bumrah (Ind)
Women’s one-day XI: Tammy Beaumont (Eng), Meg Lanning (Aus), Mithali Raj (Ind), Amy Satterthwaite (NZ), Ellyse Perry (Aus), Heather Knight (Eng, captain), Sarah Taylor (Eng, wicket-keeper), Dane van Niekerk (SA), Marizanne Kapp (SA), Ekta Bisht (Ind), Alex Hartley (Eng)
Women’s T20I XI: Beth Mooney (Aus, wicket-keeper), Danni Wyatt (Eng), Harmanpreet Kaur (Ind), Stafanie Taylor (WI, captain), Sophie Devine (NZ), Deandra Dottin (WI), Hayley Matthews (WI), Megan Schutt (Aus), Amanda-Jade Wellington (Aus), Lea Tahuhu (NZ), Ekta Bisht (Ind)


document_title: Despicable Me 3

question_text: when did dispicable me 3 come out on dvd

text: Despicable Me 3

text: Plot[edit]

text: Former villain Gru is now an agent for the Anti-Villain League (AVL). He and his partner/wife Lucy are sent to foil the plans of Balthazar Bratt, a 1980s child star turned evil. Gru manages to stop Bratt from stealing the world's largest diamond, but is unable to capture him. As a result of failing to capture Bratt, Gru and Lucy are fired from the AVL by its unreasonable new director Valerie Da Vinci, following the retirement of Silas Ramsbottom.

text: Gru and Lucy reluctantly tell their children, Margo, Edith, and Agnes, of their termination, but assure them they will find new jobs. Most of Gru's Minions leave Gru when he refuses to return to villainy despite losing his job. Meanwhile, Lucy struggles to adapt to her new role as the children's new mom. The next morning, the family is approached by Fritz, the butler of Gru's cheerful twin brother Dru, who lives in a distant country named Freedonia and longs to meet him. Shocked to learn he has a twin, Gru confronts his mother, who reveals that when she and her husband divorced, they agreed to keep one child each. The family decides to travel to meet Dru, and they are surprised at his immense wealth, which Fritz attributes to their pig farm business. Meanwhile, the Minions are arrested for trespassing at a talent show set. Bratt manages to steal the diamond again, intending to use it to power a giant robot and destroy Hollywood as revenge for the cancellation of his show.

text: Dru reveals to Gru that their recently deceased father was a legendary supervillain, whose villainous activities are the real source of the family's wealth. As Dru was dismissed by their father as a disgrace, he asks his brother to teach him how to be a villain. When Gru refuses to revert to his old ways, Dru takes him on a joyride around Freedonia in their father's technologically advanced car and the siblings bond. Meanwhile, Lucy tries to balance her tasks as a mom, which she exhibits after turning away a young boy named Niko who had fallen for Margo in the midst of a traditional cheese festival, while Edith and Agnes stumble into a local tavern and learn from the bartender about a mythical unicorn which lurks in a nearby forest. Gru tries to convince Agnes that unicorns are imaginary, but decides against it to avoid hurting her feelings. The next day, Agnes and Edith set out into the woods to track the mythical unicorn, only to find a one-horned goat whom Agnes adopts and dubs "Lucky". Meanwhile, the Minions' longing for Gru motivates them to escape from prison and return to their former master.

text: Dru convinces Gru to steal the diamond, with Gru secretly intending to bring it to the AVL, which he hopes will convince Da Vinci to rehire him and Lucy. Despite several setbacks, they manage to retrieve the diamond and are rescued by Lucy after narrowly escaping. After finding out Gru's true motives, Dru confronts his brother about his lie. In return, Gru insults him and decides to leave Freedonia, ending their relationship. Bratt, disguised as Lucy, kidnaps the children, and once again acquires the diamond. Gru and Dru resolve their differences and pursue him after finding the real Lucy.

text: With his robot powered by the diamond, Bratt terrorizes Hollywood, intending to send it into space with the use of superpowered gum. Lucy saves the children while Gru and Dru weaken Bratt's robot with the weapons of their father's car. Gru is knocked unconscious when the car is destroyed, and Dru manages to destroy the robot's core from the inside when Bratt threatens to kill Gru. When Gru recovers, he battles Bratt in a dance fight, using it as a distraction to grab his weaponized keytar, and defeats him. Having rendezvoused with Gru, the Minions manage to destroy the gum already covering the city, and Gru and Dru reunite.

text: Soon afterward, Gru and Lucy are reinstated in the AVL and the newly united family celebrate in Gru's home. Lucy is acknowledged by the children as their mother. Lured back to villainy, Dru and most of the minions steals Gru's ship, with Gru's emblem replaced with a "D" graffiti. Gru and Lucy decide to give them a five-minute head-start before engaging pursuit.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Steve Carell as Felonious Gru, the former villain turned Anti-Villain League agent, Margo, Edith, and Agnes' adoptive father, and Lucy's husband.[8]

Carell also voices Dru, Gru's long-lost twin brother and the girls' adoptive uncle.[8][9]

Kristen Wiig as Lucy Wilde, an Anti-Villain League agent, Gru's wife and the girls' adoptive mother.[10]
Trey Parker as Balthazar Bratt, a supervillain and former child star who grows up to become obsessed with the character he played in the '80s and is bent on world domination.[8]
Miranda Cosgrove as Margo, Gru and Lucy's oldest adoptive daughter.[10]
Dana Gaier as Edith, Gru and Lucy's middle adoptive daughter.[11]
Nev Scharrel as Agnes, Gru and Lucy's youngest adoptive daughter.[12] She was previously voiced by Elsie Fisher in the first two films.
Pierre Coffin as The Minions[13]

Coffin also voices a Museum Director

Steve Coogan as Silas Ramsbottom, the director of the Anti-Villain League, who retires at the start of the film.[14][15]

Coogan also voices Fritz, the butler of Dru.

Julie Andrews as Marlena Gru, Gru and Dru's mother.[14][16]
Jenny Slate as Valerie Da Vinci, a member of the Anti-Villain League who becomes the brand new AVL director.[14][17]
Andy Nyman as Clive, a robot who is Bratt's sidekick.
Adrian Ciscato as Niko, a boy from Freedonia who falls in love with Margo.

text: Production[edit]

text: Steve Burke, the NBCUniversal CEO, confirmed in September 2013 that a third film in the Despicable Me series was in development.[18] Cinco Paul and Ken Daurio, the writers of the first two films, announced that they would return to write the screenplay for the film.[19] On April 13, 2016, Trey Parker, co-creator of South Park, was cast as the main antagonist for the film, Balthazar Bratt.[8]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Despicable Me 3: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Various Artists

Released
June 23, 2017 (2017-06-23)

Genre
Pop
R&B

Length
51:14

Label

I Am Other
Columbia

Producer

Alan Tarney
Andrew Coleman
Hart Gunther
Heitor Pereira
Madonna
Manne Praeker
Marvin dM. Nitazal
Michael Jackson
Mike Larson
Pharrell Williams
Quincy Jones
Reinhold Heil
Rick Bryant
Stephen Bray
Toto Gamyar

text: The soundtrack for Despicable Me 3 was released on June 23, 2017. Pharrell Williams released the new song "Yellow Light" for the soundtrack, which was made available through digital download and streaming.[20] Some songs are unavailable on iTunes and Google Play.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Producer(s)
Length

1.
"Yellow Light" (performed by Pharrell Williams)
Pharrell Williams

Pharrell Williams
Mike Larson[b]

3:37

2.
"Hug Me" (performed by Pharrell Williams and Trey Parker)

Pharrell Williams
Trey Parker

Pharrell Williams
Hart Gunther
Rick Bryant
Mike Larson[b]

2:20

3.
"Bad" (performed by Michael Jackson)
Michael Jackson

Quincy Jones
Michael Jackson[a]

4:07

4.
"Take on Me" (performed by A-ha)

Pål Waaktaar
Morten Harket
Magne Furuholmen

Marvin dM. Nitazal
Alan Tarney
Toto Gamyar

3:46

5.
"Papa Mama Loca Pipa" (performed by The Minions)

W. S. Gilbert
Arthur Sullivan

Pierre Coffin
1:29

6.
"There's Something Special" (performed by Pharrell Williams)
Pharrell Williams

Pharrell Williams
Mike Larson[b]

3:44

7.
"Tiki Tiki Babeloo" (performed by The Minions)

Pierre Coffin
1:13

8.
"Freedom" (performed by Pharrell Williams)
Pharrell Williams
Pharrell Williams
2:43

9.
"Doowit" (performed by Pharrell Williams)
Pharrell Williams

Pharrell Williams
Mike Larson[b]

4:02

10.
"99 Luftballons" (performed by Nena)

Carlo Karges
Jörn-Uwe Fahrenkrog-Petersen

Reinhold Heil
Manne Praeker

3:52

11.
"Into the Groove" (performed by Madonna)

Madonna Ciccone
Stephen Bray

Madonna
Bray

4:44

12.
"Chuck Berry" (performed by Pharrell Williams)
Pharrell Williams

Pharrell Williams
Andrew Coleman[b]
Mike Larson[b]

3:15

13.
"Fun, Fun, Fun" (performed by Pharrell Williams)
Pharrell Williams
Pharrell Williams
3:25

14.
"Despicable Me" (performed by Pharrell Williams)
Pharrell Williams
Pharrell Williams
4:15

15.
"Despicable Me 3 Score Suite" (performed by Heitor Pereira)
Heitor Pereira
Heitor Pereira
4:05

16.
"Malatikalano Polatina" (performed by The Minions)

Pierre Coffin
0:37

Total length:
51:14

text: Notes

text:
^[a] signifies a co-producer
^[b] signifies an additional producer

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2017)
Peak
position

Australian Albums (ARIA)[21]
76

US Soundtrack Albums (Billboard)[22]
17

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered on June 14, 2017, at the Annecy International Animated Film Festival.[3] It was released in the United States on June 30, 2017.[23] This is the first Illumination movie to be released in Dolby Vision and to be in the 2:35.1 anamorphic widescreen format.

text: The first official trailer for the film was released on December 14, 2016;[11] with the second released on March 14, 2017.[24] A secondary trailer, designed for TV usage was released on April 21, 2017.[25] A third trailer was released on May 24, 2017.[26]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Despicable Me 3 was released on DVD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and Ultra HD Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on November 6, 2017.[27] In the US, Despicable Me 3 was released on digital download on November 21, 2017, and was released on DVD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and Ultra HD Blu-ray on December 5, 2017.[28] The releases also include a short film, titled The Secret Life of Kyle.[27]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 60% based on 172 reviews, and an average rating of 5.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Despicable Me 3 should keep fans of the franchise consistently entertained with another round of colorful animation and zany—albeit somewhat scattershot—humor."[29] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 49 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[30] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale.[31]

text: IGN gave the film a score of 6/10, saying, "It’s not much, but Despicable Me 3 is at least enough for the younger fans of the franchise."[32] Peter Debruge of Variety wrote, "Despicable Me 3 is unwieldy, but it mostly works, as co-directors Pierre Coffin (who also voices the Minions) and Kyle Balda never lose sight of the film's emotional center, packing the rest with as much humor as they can manage. The jokes come so fast and furious, the movie can hardly find room for Heitor Pereira's funky score, and though Pharrell Williams has contributed five new songs to sell soundtracks (including the sweet There's Something Special), the movie hardly needs them."[33] Alonso Duralde of TheWrap gave the film a mixed review, saying: "Ultimately, none of these flaws will matter to the throngs of little kids who have made the previous Despicable Me movies (and the superior Minions spin-off) into giant global hits."[34]

text: Sandy Schaefer for Screen Rant gives the film a 3 out of 5 stars saying "Despicable Me 3 offers enough in the way of zany, irreverent entertainment (with a dose of heart) to please steadfast fans of the franchise."[35] Jordan Mintzer for The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review saying "This rather clever, breakneck-paced cartoon gives fans exactly what they want: Like the new nemesis voiced by Trey Parker, it shoots multiple machine-gun bursts of bubblegum at the audience, asking them to chew and enjoy"[36] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Pierre Coffin (who voices the Minions) and co-director Kyle Balda keep the plot spinning merrily. Pharrell Williams contributes five new songs to the mix, including the hummable "There's Something Special." It's no mystery why Illumination's franchise is still something special after three go-rounds – the box-office gross is a whopping $1.5 billion and counting."[37]

text: Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a 'B' grade, saying "What shines through is the visual wit and innate sweetness of the storytelling, and Carell’s cackling, cueball-skulled misanthrope — a (mostly) reformed scoundrel who can still have his cake, and arsenic too."[38] Stephen Whitty of the New York Daily News gave the film 3.5 out of 5 stars, saying "The film has to rush at the end, to wrap up all these different stories, and it still leaves one of them open-ended."[39]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Despicable Me 3 grossed $264.6 million in the United States and Canada and $770.2 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $1.035 billion, against a production budget of $80 million.[5] On September 8, it passed the $1 billion threshold, becoming the second Despicable Me film (after Minions), second non-Disney-animated film (after Minions), third film of 2017 (after Beauty and the Beast and The Fate of the Furious), and the sixth animated film (after Toy Story 3, Frozen, Minions, Zootopia, and Finding Dory) to pass the mark. It became the first film since The Fate of the Furious (also a Universal property) in April 2017 to make over a billion dollars.[40]

text: In North America, the film opened alongside The House and Baby Driver, as well as the wide expansion of The Beguiled, and was projected to gross $85–95 million in its opening weekend. It played in 4,529 theaters, setting the record for widest release of all time, beating the amount set by The Twilight Saga: Eclipse in 2010.[41] It made $4.1 million from Thursday night previews, down slightly from the $4.7 million of the second film and $6.2 million made by Minions, and $29.2 million on its first day. It went on to debut to $72.4 million, slightly below expectations and the lowest of the series since the first film, but still topped the box office and was the 4th-best opening for Illumination.[31] It also opened to more than the next five films did combined (Baby Driver's $20.6 million, Transformers: The Last Knight's $16.9 million, Wonder Woman's $15.7 million, Cars 3's $9.7 million and The House's $8.7 million).[7] In its second weekend the film grossed $33.6 million (a drop of 53.6%, more than the previous Despicable Me films but similar to Minions), finishing second at the box office (with a fresh record of 4,536 theaters showing the movie) behind newcomer Spider-Man: Homecoming ($117 million).[42]

text: Internationally the film was released in five markets on June 16, 2017, and grossed $9.9 million in its opening weekend.[43] In its third week of release the film opened in 46 more markets, grossing $95.6 million.[7] The film's largest markets were China ($158.2 million), Japan ($66.2 million), the UK ($62.7 million), Germany ($43.8 million) and France ($41.4 million).[44]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result

45th Annie Awards[45]
Best Animated Feature
Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy
Nominated

Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Bruno Chauffard, Frank Baradat, Nicolas Brack and Milo Riccarand

Character Design in an Animated Feature Production
Eric Guillon

ACE Eddie Awards[46]
Best Edited Animated Feature Film
Claire Dodgson

Art Directors Guild[47]
Production Design in an Animated Feature
Olivier Adam

Cinema Audio Society Awards[48]
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Animated
Carlos Sotolongo, Randy Thom, Tim Nielson, Brandon Proctor, Greg Hayes and Scott Curtis

Central Ohio Film Critics Association[49]
Best Animated Film
Despicable Me 3

23rd Critics' Choice Awards[50]
Best Animated Film
Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda

Denver Film Critics Society Awards[51]
Best Animated Film
Despicable Me 3

Golden Trailer Awards 2017[52]
Best Animation/Family

Best Animation/Family Poster

Golden Reel Awards[53]
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Feature Animation
Dennis Leonard, Tim Nielsen, Matthew Hartman, Mac Smith, Andre J.H. Zweers, Christopher Flick, Richard Gould, John Roesch, Shelley Roden and Slamm Andrews

Hollywood Music in Media Awards 2017[54]
Best Original Song - Animated Film
"There's Something Special" for Pharrell Williams

Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2017[55]
Best Animated Film
Despicable Me 3

Producers Guild of America Award[56]
Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Picture
Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy

Movieguide Awards[57]
Best Movie for Families
Despicable Me 3

Nickelodeon Brazil Kids' Choice Awards[58]
Favorite Animated Film
Won

Nickelodeon Mexico Kids' Choice Awards 2017[59]
Favorite Movie

2018 Kids' Choice Awards[60]
Favorite Animated Film
Pending

Nickelodeon Argentina Kids' Choice Awards 2017[61]
Favorite Movie
Nominated

Nickelodeon Colombia Kids' Choice Awards 2017[62]
Favorite Movie

North Texas Film Critics Association[63]
Best Animated Film
Pierre Coffin, Kyle Balda and Eric Guillion

Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards[64]
Best Animated Film
Despicable Me 3

St. Louis Film Critics Association[65]
Best Animated Feature
Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda

16th Visual Effects Society Awards[66]
Outstanding Visual Effects in an Animated Feature
Pierre Coffin, Chris Meledandri, Kyle Balda and Eric Guillon

Outstanding Animated Character in an Animated Feature
Eric Guillon, Bruno Dequier, Julien Soret, Benjamin Fournet for "Bratt"

Outstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature
Axelle De Cooman, Pierre Lopes, Milo Riccarand, Nicolas Brack for "Hollywood Destruction"

Outstanding Model in a Photoreal or Animated Project
Eric Guillon, Francois-Xavier Lepeintre, Guillaume Boudeville, Pierre Lopes for "Dru's Car"

Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Animated Feature
Bruno Chauffard, Frank Baradat, Milo Riccarand, Nicolas Brack

Washington, D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards[67]
Best Animated Feature
Pierre Coffin and Kyle Balda

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Illumination's CEO Chris Meledandri has said in September 2017 that a fourth Despicable Me film is in development.[68]


document_title: Festival of the Flowers

question_text: when is la feria de las flores celebrated

text: Festival of the Flowers

text: History[edit]

text: The first Flowers Festival took place on May 1, 1957 and was organized by Arturo Uribe, a member of the Board of the Office of Development and Tourism in Medellin, Colombia. The festival lasted for five days with an exposition of flowers displayed in the Metropolitan Cathedral, which was organized by the Gardening Club of Medellín and monsignor Tulio Botero to celebrate Virgin Mary day. This flower parade represents the end of slavery when slaves carried men and women on their backs up steep hills instead of flowers. The first silleteros parade also took place with some 40 men from the corregimiento of Santa Elena carrying on their backs flower arrangements to the exposition site.[1][2]

text: The festival initially took place during the month of May but was changed to August in 1958 to celebrate the independence of Antioquia. Since then, other events have been added like the International Pageant of the Flowers, the cavalcade, Guinness Records in 1996 and 1999, classic automobiles parade, Orchids exposition, among others.[1]

text: 2006 edition[edit]

text: In 1999 during its first edition, the festival reached 482 silleteros participants.[3] The 2006 edition also featured a new category of silleteros as spokeswomen for the Convention Center Bureau of Madrid Maria Isabel Lopez mentioned "these are the Pioneers, who will show all their Silletas making experience, but will not participate in the contest".[4] Some 50 peasants will carry the silletas, 260 featuring traditional arrangements, 50 with commercial propaganda and 28 from the new Pioneer category. As in previous years, the Mayor of Medellín sponsored the awards of the Silleteros contest. In 2006, there were a total of 260 awards, selected and given by three juries.[4]


document_title: The Last Book in the Universe

question_text: where does spaz live in the last book in the universe

text: The Last Book in the Universe

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (May 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The story is set in a post-disaster, dystopic future city, appearing to be somewhere in the United States, called the Urb, which has been disturbed by an earthquake known as "The Big Shake". The Urb is plagued by poverty, thieves, gang warfare, and the use of mindprobes. These mindprobes include variations such as "trendies" (mindprobes about Eden). They are analogous to hard drugs and enable users to temporarily escape their harsh lives through images like movies being played in their heads. Genetically improved people, called "proovs," live in a city called Eden, with a beautiful society, food and water. Eden is separated from the Urb by the "Forbidden Zone," a deadly and dangerous minefield. Spaz is a 14-year-old boy who cannot use mindprobes because of his epilepsy and whose adoptive family has abandoned him because they feared the symptoms of his illness. Spaz runs errands for Billy Bizmo, the latch-boss (leader) of his own gang, the "Bully Bangers," in a section of the Urb. On one of his errands, Spaz is sent to "rip-off" Ryter, a very old man who possesses the lost arts of literacy and literature.

text: Spaz soon meets Little Face, a five-year-old orphan who only says the word "chox," because he didn't learn how to speak. Spaz also meets Lanaya, a proov who charitably gives out edibles(a futuristic food) to Spaz. At first, Spaz is very hostile towards Ryter, when Spaz arrives to "rip-off" (steal) Ryter's meager possessions. Contrastingly, Ryter understands Spaz's situation and does his best to help him, offering no resistance. Eventually Spaz learns that Bean, his beloved adoptive sister, is dying of the blood sickness (leukemia). Ryter and Little Face accompany Spaz on a journey to find Bean. The trio starts by traveling through "The Pipe," a large, rustic water pipe that leads to other latches. Along the way, they pass through latches controlled by various other bosses, having adventures along the way. One of the latches is ruled by the "Monkey Boys." Spaz and company find out that the latch-leader, Mongo the Magnificent, is dying because of a probe being in his head for an extended time. Ryter convinces one of the tek bosses to take Mongo's place. In the next latch, the group sees everything burning and finds Lanaya being attacked by very hungry people. She is rescued by Spaz and Ryter and she joins them on their journey. Spaz and company start traveling towards the latch where Bean lives. Eventually, through many dangers, toils, and snares, the story's heroes find a dying Bean. Lanaya and Ryter decide to take Bean to Eden, along with Spaz and Little Face. They ride along in Lanaya's takvee to her and her "contributors" (Jin and Bree) home, which is a castle.

text: At this point in the novel, it is brought to attention that Lanaya is a special proov who has been bred to eventually become a Master of Eden. To assume this title, she has rights and privileges that other proovs do not call "learning opportunities." They take Bean to a proov hospital called the Primary and she is cured of her sickness using gene therapy. Ryter, Spaz, and Little Face enjoy the paradise of Eden, being unfamiliar with grass, a blue sky, fish in a stream, and apples, among other things. Some time later Ryter, Spaz, and Bean are thrown out of Eden because the elders who rule over Eden decide they are unacceptable. Little Face is secretly adopted by Lanaya's contributors. The elders disregard Beans's high intelligence, proved by having beaten one of Lanaya's contributors (Jin) in chess. Their presumption is that someone from the Urb could never naturally be better than a proov in any way. Lanaya reveals to the elders that the mindprobes, which come from Eden, cause too much damage to the people who use them in the Urb. As a result, all the mindprobes throughout the Urb are deactivated, causing rioting and anarchy outside Eden. Bean is deposited at her home, and Ryter and Spaz are returned to their latch.

text: Back at Spaz's home latch, Ryter is blamed for the deactivation of the mindprobes and is wheeled by jetbikes which kills the old man. The stress caused by this assault triggered an epileptic seizure for Spaz. Before his death, Ryter tells Spaz that Spaz is in the last book in the universe. Billy Bizmo, the leader of Spaz's latch, reveals to Spaz that he is his biological father and that his mother died at Spaz's birth.

text: The story ends with Lanaya sending Spaz a message about things will get better in Eden and how she believes they can fix it all in time. Spaz takes on the name Ryter, continuing the original Ryter's work, writing The Last Book in the Universe using a device called a voicewriter that transcribes when he speaks to it.

text: Characters[edit]

text:
SPAZ -The narrator, a teenager part of the Bully Bangers, initially rips off Ryter, has a condition called epilepsy
RYTER - Lives in stack boxes, always accused of back timer talk, writes the last book in the universe, loves adventure and has formal talk
Billy - Boss of the Bully Bangers, the biological father of Spaz, rumored to be an ex-lovemate of Lotti Getts.
Little Face - A five-year-old child, lives in stack boxes, takes up a love for chox (chocolate flavored edible), eventually adopted by Lanaya's contributors
Bean - Spaz's adoptive sister, has the blood sickness(called leukemia), biological daughter of Charly and Kay
Charly - Bean's biological father, Spaz's adoptive father, casts Spaz out because of his epilepsy
Kay - Bean's biological mother, Spaz's adoptive mother, understanding
Lanaya - A proov girl, loves the sense of adventure and thrill, confident, persuasive, Future Master of Eden, contribute of Jin and Bree
Lotti Getts - Latch boss outside of Eden, nicknamed Boss Lady, Nails, and White Widow because her lovemates don't stay around for a long time
Vida Bleek - A secret probe dealer, head of the Furies, Lotti Getts's mortal enemy
Jin - Lanaya's male contributor, one of the top-ranked chess players in Eden
Bree - Lanaya's female contributor (parent), takes a fondness to Little Face and adopts him
Mongo the Magnificent - A dead latch boss, leader of the Monkey Boys. He is eventually replaced by a tekboss.

text: Major themes[edit]

text: Major themes, in a list created by Scholastic, included reading, technology, challenges and overcoming obstacles, courage, bravery, heroism, and individuality. Scholastic also wrote in conclusion, "the story is ultimately about those who have the courage to become conscious in a world that invites us to choose illusion and denial."[2]

text: Background[edit]

text: The novel is an adaptation of a short story previously written by the author in a collection called Tomorrowland.[3] The story was also influenced greatly by Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451.[4]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Last Book in the Universe has received mixed reviews. Many critics praised the novel for its involving plot. Debbie Carton, a reviewer from Booklist, called it a "fast-paced adventure" with a "moving conclusion" and "memorable characters."[4] A number of critics agreed: Scholastic called the story "chilling and inspiring."[2] A reviewer from Publishers Weekly wrote, "[the book's] futuristic dialect combined with striking descriptions of a postmodern civilization will convincingly transport readers to Spaz's world."[5]

text: However, Susan L. Rogers from School Library Journal pointed out that there are too many distractions that pull the reader's attention away from the main theme. She also noted that the science in this science fiction novel was "vague."[6] Publishers Weekly added that the story was "not fully developed," complaining that some scenes, such as the ones involving the Monkey Boys and the Furies, were "a bit abrupt."[5]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
ALA Best Book for YAs[3]
Maine Lupine Award Honor[7]
Maryland Readers Medal[citation needed]
Isinglass Teen Read Award[8]
YALSA 100 Best of The Best Books for the 21st Century[9]


document_title: Washington Generals

question_text: when did the washington generals beat the harlem globetrotters

text: Washington Generals

text: Function[edit]

text: The Generals exist primarily as a part of the Harlem Globetrotters' act, effectively being stooges for the Globetrotters. While the Globetrotters play tricks and spectacular displays of skill for the crowd, the Generals appear to attempt to play a "normal" game of basketball. The Generals' games involve playing genuine basketball at times, but also not interfering in the Globetrotters' tricks. Almost always this results in resounding wins for the Globetrotters.[2] Despite their losses, the Generals' roster consists of relatively competent players.[2] A recurring part of the act is the "guest General", where, for a short period, an invited person (usually a local celebrity) comes on court to play for the Generals.[3] There can exist multiple teams of Generals simultaneously, each following different touring Globetrotters teams.[1]

text: While the Generals were closely associated with the Globetrotters, they were, for most of their history, an independent franchise owned by their founder, Louis "Red" Klotz. In 2017 they were purchased from the Klotz family by Globetrotters' owners Herschend Entertainment and officially revived from a two-year hiatus.[4]

text: History[edit]

text: The Generals were created in 1952 by Louis "Red" Klotz, a former player for the Philadelphia Sphas, a former ABL team that became one of the Globetrotters' exhibition rivals. Globetrotters owner Abe Saperstein had invited Klotz to create a squad to accompany his team on their tours, in part because the Sphas had beaten the Globetrotters on more than one occasion while serving as one of the Globetrotters' exhibition teams.[5] With a nod to Dwight D. Eisenhower, the team was named the Washington Generals.[6]

text: The Generals remained a continuous presence in the Globetrotters act from then on, however to give the illusion of variety they often played under a variety of different names with changes of uniform. During the 1971–72 season, the Generals' name was alternated with the "Boston Shamrocks", "New Jersey Reds", "Baltimore Rockets", and "Atlantic City Seagulls". The team rotated between these identities for a few seasons before going back to the Generals identity full-time. In 1995 Klotz "disbanded" the Generals and formed the "New York Nationals" which again was only a nominal change.

text: John Ferrari, the son-in-law of Klotz, took over as general manager of the team in 1987.[7]

text: After a 12-year hiatus, the team returned to their Generals identity on October 9, 2007, playing against the Globetrotters at the 369th Harlem Armory. The Globetrotters won 54–50.[8] The monikers of "International Elite" and the "Global Select" were adopted prior to the 2011–12 World Tour. For the 2013–14 Harlem Globetrotters World Tour, the team took on the moniker of the "World All-Stars."

text: The Generals would occasionally play teams other than the Globetrotters. Among these games, which were competitive, they managed to record victories against the Taiwanese national team and a low-level Red Army team.[9]

text: In 2015, the Harlem Globetrotters management chose to end contractual relations with the Generals organization, resulting in the Generals ceasing operations. The Generals played their last game against the Globetrotters on August 1, 2015 in Wildwood, New Jersey.[9][7] Overall, the Globetrotters had defeated the Generals over 16,000 times in their combined history.[2]

text:
From 2015 the Globetrotters' opposition was organised by their own management. In 2017, Herschend Entertainment, the owners of the Harlem Globetrotters, bought the Washington Generals from the Klotz family and revived them as an active team with Kenny Smith as general manager and Sam Worthen as coach.[10][1] The Generals held a tongue-in-cheek "draft" where they selected various unavailable persons including LaVar Ball and Conor McGregor.[11][12]
As a reintroduction for the team, they were entered in ESPN's The Basketball Tournament 2017.[13] Despite having a rare opportunity to play serious, competitive basketball, their long losing run continued with a first round loss.[14]

text: Generals–Globetrotters transfers[edit]

text: Very rarely Washington Generals players have been "promoted" to the Globetrotters. Derick "Dizzy" Grant was transferred in 2010[15] and Jonte "Too Tall" Hall made the transition in 2011.[16]

text: Paul Sturgess made the opposite transition. The former Globetrotter,[17] after a few seasons playing for other teams, transferred back into the setup as part of the arranged opposition.[18] The 7 ft 8 in (2.34 m) Sturgess adopts the persona of "Cager", a masked adversary who adopts a villainous role.[19]

text: Beating the Harlem Globetrotters[edit]

text: Figures vary as to exactly how often the Generals have beaten their rivals. Some reports say six,[20] while the team's official website reports having three victories over the Globetrotters, one each in 1954, 1958, and 1971.[21] The 1971 win is the most storied of these, and is sometimes reported as the team's sole victory.[2]

text: Playing as the "New Jersey Reds", they won 100–99 on January 5, 1971 in Martin, Tennessee, ending their 2,495-game losing streak. Klotz credits the overtime win to a guard named Eddie Mahar, who was team captain.[22]  Harlem's captain, Curly Neal, did not play in this game.[23]

text: While the Globetrotters were entertaining the crowd that day, they lost track of the game and the score. They found themselves down 12 points with two minutes left to go. Forced to play normal basketball, the Globetrotters rallied but could not recover.[24]

text: The Reds secured their victory when the 50-year-old Klotz hit the winning basket with seconds left.  Then Meadowlark Lemon missed a shot that would have given the game back to the Globetrotters. The timekeeper tried to stop the clock but couldn't. When the final buzzer sounded, the crowd was dumbfounded and disappointed.[25] Klotz described the fans' reaction: "They looked at us like we killed Santa Claus."

text: Some children in the stands cried after the loss.[23] The Reds celebrated by dousing themselves with orange soda instead of champagne. Lemon was furious, saying, "You lost, I didn't lose," but still visited the opposing team’s locker room to congratulate the Reds.[25]