document_title: Saturday Night Live cast members

question_text: who is the longest running female snl cast member

text: Saturday Night Live cast members

text: All cast members[edit]

text: The list below includes both repertory and featured players past and present, but omits SNL writers and others who were not listed as cast members during the show's credits. The dates given are those of the years they were part of the cast. The chart also shows whether the cast member has served as a guest host, appeared as the anchorperson of the "Weekend Update" segment (by any of its titles), or has been the subject of their own "Best of" home video collection. Many of the cast members were writers as well.

text:
Performer

Years active

No. of seasons

Repertory player

Featured player only

"Weekend Update" anchor

Hosted

Best of...

Writer

Fred Armisen

2002–2013

11

Y

Y

Dan Aykroyd

1975–1979

4

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Peter Aykroyd

1980

1

Y

Y

Morwenna Banks

1995

1

Y

Vanessa Bayer

2010–2017

7

Y

Jim Belushi

1983–1985

2

Y

Y

John Belushi

1975–1979

4

Y

Y

Y

Beck Bennett

2013–present

5

Y

Jim Breuer

1995–1998

3

Y

Paul Brittain

2010–2012

2

Y

A. Whitney Brown

1986–1991

6

Y

Y

Aidy Bryant

2012–present

6

Y

Beth Cahill

1991–1992

1

Y

Dana Carvey

1986–1993

7

Y

Y

Y

Chevy Chase

1975-1976

2

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Michael Che

2014–present

4

Y

Y

Y

Ellen Cleghorne

1991–1995

4

Y

George Coe

1975

1

Y

Billy Crystal

1984–1985

1

Y

Y

Y

Y

Jane Curtin

1975–1980

5

Y

Y

Joan Cusack

1985–1986

1

Y

Pete Davidson

2014–present

4

Y

Tom Davis

1977–1980

3

Y

Y

Mikey Day

2016–present

2

Y

Y

Denny Dillon

1980–1981

1

Y

Jim Downey

1980

1

Y

Y

Robert Downey Jr.

1985–1986

1

Y

Y

Brian Doyle-Murray

19801981–1982

2

Y

Y

Y

Rachel Dratch

1999–2006

7

Y

Robin Duke

1981–1984

4

Y

Y

Nora Dunn

1985–1990

5

Y

Christine Ebersole

1981–1982

1

Y

Y

Dean Edwards

2001–2003

2

Y

Abby Elliott

2008–2012

4

Y

Chris Elliott

1994–1995

1

Y

Jimmy Fallon

1998–2004

6

Y

Y

Y

Y

Siobhan Fallon

1991–1992

1

Y

Chris Farley

1990–1995

5

Y

Y

Y

Will Ferrell

1995–2002

7

Y

Y

Y

Tina Fey

2000–2006

6

Y

Y

Y

Y

Will Forte

2002–2010

8

Y

Al Franken

1977–198019861988–1995

11

Y

Y

Heidi Gardner

2017–present

1

Y

Janeane Garofalo

1994–1995

1

Y

Ana Gasteyer

1996–2002

6

Y

Gilbert Gottfried

1980–1981

1

Y

Mary Gross

1981–1985

4

Y

Y

Y

Christopher Guest

1984–1985

1

Y

Y

Y

Bill Hader

2005–2013

8

Y

Y

Anthony Michael Hall

1985–1986

1

Y

Brad Hall

1982–1984

2

Y

Y

Rich Hall

1984–1985

1

Y

Y

Darrell Hammond

1995–2009

14

Y

Phil Hartman

1986–1994

8

Y

Y

Y

Y

Jan Hooks

1986–1991

5

Y

Yvonne Hudson

1980–1981

1

Y

Melanie Hutsell

1991–1994

3

Y

Victoria Jackson

1986–1992

6

Y

Leslie Jones

2014–present

4

Y

Y

Colin Jost

2014–present

5

Y

Y

Y

Chris Kattan

1996–2003

8

Y

Y

Tim Kazurinsky

1981–1984

4

Y

Y

Laura Kightlinger

1994–1995

1

Y

Y

Taran Killam

2010–2016

6

Y

David Koechner

1995–1996

1

Y

Gary Kroeger

1982–1985

3

Y

Matthew Laurance

1980–1981

1

Y

Julia Louis-Dreyfus

1982–1985

3

Y

Y

Jon Lovitz

1985–1990

5

Y

Y

Y

Norm Macdonald

1993–1998

5

Y

Y

Y

Y

Gail Matthius

1980–1981

1

Y

Y

Michael McKean

1994–1995

2

Y

Y

Mark McKinney

1995–1997

3

Y

Kate McKinnon

2012–present

7

Y

Tim Meadows

1991–2000

10

Y

Y

Y

Laurie Metcalf

1981

1

Y

Seth Meyers

2001–2014

13

Y

Y

Y

John Milhiser

2013–2014

1

Y

Dennis Miller

1985–1991

6

Y

Y

Y

Jerry Minor

2000–2001

1

Y

Y

Finesse Mitchell

2003–2006

3

Y

Alex Moffat

2016–present

2

Y

Jay Mohr

1993–1995

2

Y

Y

Kyle Mooney

2013–present

5

Y

Tracy Morgan

1996–2003

7

Y

Y

Y

Garrett Morris

1975–1980

5

Y

Y

Bobby Moynihan

2008–2017

9

Y

Eddie Murphy

1980–1984

4

Y

Y

Y

Y

Bill Murray

1977–1980

4

Y

Y

Y

Y

Mike Myers

1989–1995

7

Y

Y

Y

Y

Kevin Nealon

1986–1995

9

Y

Y

Y

Laraine Newman

1975–1980

5

Y

Don Novello

1979–19801985–1986

2

Y

Y

Y

Luke Null

2017–2018

1

Y

Mike O'Brien

2013–2014

1

Y

Y

Michael O'Donoghue

1975

1

Y

Y

Cheri Oteri

1995–2000

5

Y

Y

Chris Parnell

1998–2006

8

Y

Nasim Pedrad

2009–2014

5

Y

Jay Pharoah

2010–2016

6

Y

Joe Piscopo

1980–1984

4

Y

Y

Amy Poehler

2001–2009

8

Y

Y

Y

Y

Emily Prager

1981

1

Y

Randy Quaid

1985–1986

1

Y

Colin Quinn

1996–2000

5

Y

Y

Y

Gilda Radner

1975–1980

5

Y

Y

Chris Redd

2017–present

1

Y

Jeff Richards

2001–2004

3

Y

Rob Riggle

2004–2005

1

Y

Ann Risley

1980–1981

1

Y

Tim Robinson

2012–2013

1

Y

Y

Chris Rock

1990–1993

3

Y

Y

Y

Charles Rocket

1980–1981

1

Y

Y

Tony Rosato

1981–1982

2

Y

Y

Jon Rudnitsky

2015–2016

1

Y

Maya Rudolph

2000–2007

9

Y

Y

Andy Samberg

2005–2012

7

Y

Y

Y

Adam Sandler

1991–1995

5

Y

Y

Y

Horatio Sanz

1998–2006

8

Y

Y

Tom Schiller

1980

1

Y

Y

Rob Schneider

1990–1994

4

Y

Y

Paul Shaffer

1979–1980

1

Y

Y

Molly Shannon

1995–2001

7

Y

Y

Y

Harry Shearer

1979–19801984–1985

2

Y

Y

Martin Short

1984–1985

1

Y

Y

Y

Sarah Silverman

1993–1994

1

Y

Y

Y

Jenny Slate

2009–2010

1

Y

Robert Smigel

1991–1993

2

Y

Y

David Spade

1990–1996

6

Y

Y

Y

Y

Pamela Stephenson

1984–1985

1

Y

Ben Stiller

1989

1

Y

Y

Cecily Strong

2012–present

6

Y

Y

Jason Sudeikis

2005–2013

9

Y

Y

Julia Sweeney

1990–1994

4

Y

Terry Sweeney

1985–1986

1

Y

Y

Kenan Thompson

2003–present

15

Y

Danitra Vance

1985–1986

1

Y

Melissa Villaseñor

2016–present

2

Y

Dan Vitale

1985–1986

1

Y

Nancy Walls

1995–1996

1

Y

Michaela Watkins

2008–2009

1

Y

Damon Wayans

1985–1986

1

Y

Y

Patrick Weathers

1980–1981

1

Y

Noël Wells

2013–2014

1

Y

Brooks Wheelan

2013–2014

1

Y

Kristen Wiig

2005–2012

7

Y

Y

Casey Wilson

2008–2009

2

Y

Fred Wolf

1996–1996

2

Y

Y

Sasheer Zamata

2014–2017

4

Y

Alan Zweibel

1980

1

Y

Y

text: Timeline[edit]

text: Lighter colors denote "featured players" versus repertory cast members.

text: Notable tenures[edit]

text: Longest tenures[edit]

text: These are the cast members who have spent at least ten seasons on the show.

text:
Performer
No. of seasons
Years on the show
Notes

Kenan Thompson
15
2003-present
Thompson holds the record of being the longest-tenured cast member in the show's history. He is also the first person born after SNL's premiere in 1975 to have joined the cast (he was born in 1978). Thompson is also the only current cast member who was hired in the 2000s to still be on the show.

Darrell Hammond
14
1995-2009
Hired after a cast overhaul, he is the last cast member hired in the 1990s to leave the show, and the oldest cast member to leave the show (age 53 when he left the show. In 2014, Hammond returned to the show where he replaced Don Pardo as the show's announcer after Pardo's death, and often appears in sketches, reprising old roles such as Donald Trump and Bill Clinton.

Seth Meyers
13
2001-2014
In 2006, he starting anchoring Weekend Update and in 2012, his tenure on Weekend Update reached its seventh season, making him the longest-serving Weekend Update anchor (breaking the records held by Dennis Miller and Tina Fey). He continued to anchor Update until he left the show in 2014 to take over hosting duties for Late Night.

Fred Armisen
11
2002-2013
Armisen joined the show in season 28 and left in at the end of season 38.

Al Franken
1977-1980; 1986; 1988-1995
Hired as a writer in the beginning of the series, as the show progressed, he and Tom Davis were allowed to perform material on-air sporadically. He left the show in 1980, but returned to the show when Lorne Michaels came back in 1985, regaining his writing and on-air featured status until 1995. Later elected the junior United States Senator from Minnesota in 2009, and then he resigned in Jan. 2018.

Tim Meadows
10
1991-2000
Meadows joined the show in the second-half of season 16, and then left the show at the end of season 25,  after ten seasons on the show.

text: Shortest tenures[edit]

text: These cast members spent less than a full 20-episode season on the show.[1]

text:
Performer
No. of episodes
Notes

Emily Prager
0
Hired by Dick Ebersol to be a featured player, she appeared in a few sketches at dress rehearsal in what would be the final episode of season six, due to the Writers' Guild of America going on strike in 1981. She did not return to the SNL cast in season seven. This technically makes her the shortest tenured SNL cast member. Although she did not appear in the single episode for which she was credited as a featured player, she had appeared uncredited in five previous episodes.[2]

Laurie Metcalf
1
She also was hired as part of Ebersol's temporary season six cast following the termination of Jean Doumanian, and appeared on-camera in a Weekend Update piece. When the show was put on hiatus for retooling, she was not chosen to return to the show for the season seven cast.

Dan Vitale
3
Hired as an on-and-off featured player for season 11, he was only credited with appearing in three episodes throughout the season.

Morwenna Banks
4
She was hired as a repertory player for the last four episodes of season 20, but was let out of her contract as part of a major cast overhaul Lorne Michaels had planned for season 21.

Ben Stiller
4
Before becoming a cast member, he submitted a short film – a parody of the film The Color of Money – that was shown on the season 12 episode hosted by Charlton Heston. He was hired during season 14, but quit after four episodes due to creative differences. Despite this, he returned to host in 1998 and 2011.

Fred Wolf
4
He's been a writer since 1992. However, he became a featured player in near the end season 21 for the last four episodes, however, he only appeared and was credited for episodes 17, 18, and 20. His last episode was in the 3rd episode of the 22nd season. After that episode, he decided to leave the show for good.

Tom Schiller
7
One of the show writers who was upgraded to cast member status during season five, he left the show at the end of the season.

Patrick Weathers
7
Hired as a featured cast member for season six, he was fired along with many of Doumanian's cast.

George Coe
8
He was one of the original "Not-Ready-for-Primetime Players", because NBC wanted someone older in the cast. He was credited for only the first three episodes, though he continued to make several uncredited appearances throughout the first season. He was later known for voicing the valet Woodhouse in the animated series Archer.

Yvonne Hudson
8
She was a recurring extra during season five, and became the first black female cast member in season six. Like many of Doumanian's cast, she was fired mid-season.

Jim Downey
9
He was hired as one of many writers-turned-feature players in season five, and though he left the cast after the season, he returned to the show as a writer in the mid-1980s and has remained with it.

Matthew Laurance
10
Hired as a feature player during season six, he was fired as part of the mid-season overhaul.

Alan Zweibel
11
A writer for the show before joining the cast in  season five, he left after the season finale.

Gilbert Gottfried
12
He joined the cast for season six and was fired as part of the mid-season overhaul.

Michael O'Donoghue
12
One of the original "Not Ready for Primetime Players" and the show's first head writer, he was dropped as a cast member after a few episodes. He remained with the show as a writer (leaving and returning twice) and occasional on-screen performer.

Ann Risley
12
She joined the cast for season six and was fired as part of the mid-season overhaul.

Charles Rocket
12
He joined the cast for season six and was fired as part of the mid-season overhaul, after having dropped an f-bomb one episode prior.

Damon Wayans
12
Hired for season 11 as a featured player, he was fired mid-season for improvising on the air. He returned as a guest to perform stand-up comedy on season 11's last episode and hosted SNL in 1995.

Beth Cahill
13
She joined the show during season 17 as an off-and-on featured player. She did not return the following season, as she was fired along with castmate Siobhan Fallon.

Denny Dillon
13
She joined the cast for season six and was let go after the finale as part of the cast overhaul. She auditioned for the show's first season, but did not make the cut.

Gail Matthius
13
She joined the cast for season six and was let go after the season ended.

Paul Shaffer
13
After being the band's pianist for the first five seasons, he joined the cast during season five, but left after the finale. He hosted SNL in 1987, making him the only member of the house band to do so.

Janeane Garofalo
14
She joined the cast during season 20, but quit mid-season due to creative differences.

Michaela Watkins
15
She joined the show on the first episode after the 2008 United States presidential election, then was let go before the start of season 35.

Peter Aykroyd
16
He joined the show midway through season five, but left at the end of the season, after only 16 episodes.

text: Youngest cast members[edit]

text:
Performer
Age when joined show
Tenure

Anthony Michael Hall
17 years old
1985–1986

Eddie Murphy
19 years old
1980–1984

Robert Downey Jr.
20 years, 5 months
1985–1986

Pete Davidson
20 years, 10 months
2014–present

Abby Elliott
21 years, 5 months
2008–2012

Julia Louis-Dreyfus
21 years, 8 months
1982–1985

Sarah Silverman
22 years, 9 months
1993–1994

Jay Pharoah
22 years, 11 months
2010–2016

text: Oldest cast members[edit]

text:
Performer
Age when joined show
Tenure

Leslie Jones
47 years old
2014–present

George Coe
46 years, 155 days
1975

Michael McKean
46 years, 147 days
1994–1995

Darrell Hammond
39 years old
1995–2009

Garrett Morris
38 years, 8 months
1975–1980

Phil Hartman
38 years, 1 month
1986–1994

Mike O'Brien
37 years old
2013–2014

Michaela Watkins
36 years, 11 months
2008–2009

Colin Quinn
36 years, 9 months
1996–2000

Christopher Guest
36 years, 8 months
1984–1985

Mikey Day
36 years, 7 months
2016-present

text: After 14 seasons, Hammond left as the show's oldest active cast member, ending his tenure at 53 years old during his final season in 2009.

text: President of the United States impressionists[edit]

text: Portraying the sitting President of the United States is considered "about as high [...] an honor that can be bestowed upon a cast member."[3]

text:
President

Performer (years)

Gerald Ford

Chevy Chase (1975–76)

Jimmy Carter

Dan Aykroyd (1977–79) Joe Piscopo (1980–81)

Ronald Reagan

Charles Rocket (1981) Joe Piscopo (1981–84) Harry Shearer (1984) Randy Quaid (1985–86) Phil Hartman (1986–89)

George H. W. Bush

Dana Carvey (1989–93)

President

Performer (years)

Bill Clinton

Phil Hartman (1993–94) Michael McKean (1994–95) Darrell Hammond (1995–2001)

George W. Bush

Will Ferrell (2001–2002) Chris Parnell (2002–2003) Darrell Hammond (2003) Will Forte (2004–2006) Jason Sudeikis (2006–2008)

Barack Obama

Fred Armisen (2009–12)Jay Pharoah (2012–16)

Donald Trump

Alec Baldwin[n 1] (2017–present)

text: Darrell Hammond had the longest tenure portraying a U.S. president, with Bill Clinton from 1995–2001, and George W. Bush during 2003. Hammond also portrayed Richard Nixon in season 34, episode 12.

text: Michael McKean portrayed Bill Clinton during a brief period after Phil Hartman's departure. There was also a sketch featuring Chris Farley, David Spade, Chris Elliott, Adam Sandler, and Tim Meadows auditioning for the role of Clinton. There was also a gag in a 2001 sketch with Tracy Morgan filling in for Will Ferrell as George W. Bush.

text: Another noteworthy presidential portrayal was that of Dan Aykroyd as former president Richard Nixon from 1975–79.

text: Jim Carrey, while never having been an SNL cast member, portrayed Ronald Reagan in Funny or Die's Presidential Reunion of SNL Presidents (which reunited Chase as Ford, Aykroyd as Carter, Carvey as George H. W. Bush, Hammond as Clinton, Ferrell as George W. Bush, and Armisen as Obama), because two of the actors who previously portrayed Reagan had died since and the other three had declined to appear in the reunion. Carrey did, however, audition to be a cast member for the 1980–81 season; he hosted the show in May 1996, January 2011, and October 2014.

text: Donald Trump, having been a public figure before being president, was portrayed by several cast members over the years. He was portrayed by Phil Hartman (1988–90), Darrell Hammond (1999–11, 2015–16), Jason Sudeikis (2012) and Taran Killam (2015).

text: Emmy Awards[edit]

text: The Primetime Emmy Awards are presented by the American Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. These are the cast members who won or were nominated for an Emmy for their work while in the cast.

text:
Year

Performer

Category

Result

Ref.

1976

Chevy Chase

Performance in a Variety or Music Program - Supporting Actor

Won

1977

Nominated

John Belushi

Nominated

Gilda Radner

Performance in a Variety or Music Program - Supporting Actress

Nominated

1978

Dan Aykroyd

Performance in a Variety or Music Program - Supporting Actror

Nominated

John Belushi

Nominated

Jane Curtin

Performance in a Variety or Music Program - Supporting Actress

Nominated

Gilda Radner

Won

1984

Eddie Murphy

Performance in a Variety or Music Program

Nominated

Joe Piscopo

Nominated

1985

Billy Crystal

Nominated

1986

Jon Lovitz

Nominated

1987

Nominated

1989

Dana Carvey

Nominated

1990

Nominated

1991

Nominated

1992

Nominated

1993

Won

1994

Phil Hartman

Nominated

Mike Myers

Nominated

2000

Molly Shannon

Nominated

2001

Will Ferrell

Nominated

text:
Year

Performer

Category

Result

Ref.

2008

Amy Poehler

Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Nominated

2009

Nominated

Kristen Wiig

Nominated

2010

Nominated

2011

Nominated

2012

Nominated

Bill Hader

Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series

Nominated

2013

Nominated

2014

Kate McKinnon

Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series

Nominated

2015

Nominated

2016

Won

2017

Won

[4]

Vanessa Bayer

Nominated

Leslie Jones

Nominated

text: Both cast and hosts[edit]

text: As of May 2016, there are 33 SNL hosts who, at one point in their careers, were either a repertory or featured member of the SNL cast.

text:
Host
Number ofepisodes
First hosted
Last hosted

Fred Armisen
1

May 21, 2016

Dan Aykroyd
1

May 17, 2003

Dana Carvey
4
October 22, 1994
February 5, 2011

Chevy Chase
8[5]
February 18, 1978
February 15, 1997

Billy Crystal
2
March 17, 1984
May 12, 1984

Robert Downey Jr.
1

November 16, 1996

Jimmy Fallon
3
December 17, 2011
April 15, 2017

Chris Farley
1

October 25, 1997

Will Ferrell
4
May 14, 2005
January 27, 2018

Tina Fey
6
February 23, 2008
May 19, 2018

Bill Hader
2
October 11, 2014
March 17, 2018

Phil Hartman
2
March 23, 1996
November 23, 1996

Julia Louis-Dreyfus
3
May 13, 2006
April 16, 2016

Jon Lovitz
1

November 8, 1997

Norm Macdonald
1

October 23, 1999

Michael McKean
1

November 3, 1984

Tracy Morgan
2
March 14, 2009
October 17, 2015

Eddie Murphy
2
December 11, 1982
December 15, 1984

Bill Murray
5
March 7, 1981
February 20, 1999

Mike Myers
1

March 22, 1997

Don Novello
2
January 14, 1984
May 12, 1984

Amy Poehler
2
September 25, 2010
December 19, 2015

Chris Rock
2
November 2, 1996
November 1, 2014

Maya Rudolph
1

February 18, 2012

Andy Samberg
1

May 17, 2014

Paul Shaffer
1

January 31, 1987

Molly Shannon
1

May 12, 2007

Martin Short
3
December 6, 1986
December 15, 2012

Sarah Silverman
1

October 4, 2014

David Spade
2
November 7, 1998
March 12, 2005

Ben Stiller
2
October 24, 1998
October 8, 2011

Damon Wayans
1

April 8, 1995

Kristen Wiig
2
May 11, 2013
November 19, 2016

text: "SNL Curse"[edit]

text: Although SNL is best known as the launchpad for many successful careers, nine former cast members have died before the age of 60. This has given rise to a superstition known as the "Saturday Night Live Curse".[6][7][8]

text:
Cast member
Age
Date of death
Cause of death

John Belushi
33
March 5, 1982
Belushi died of a drug overdose from a speedball injection (cocaine and heroin). His death led to the conviction of Cathy Smith for administering the fatal injection.

Gilda Radner
42
May 20, 1989
Radner died from ovarian cancer. She was originally scheduled to host the season 13 finale, a first for a former female cast member. However, SNL was canceled due to a Writer's Guild of America (WGA) strike. Radner's health worsened the following year. Moments before the season 14 finale, news broke of Radner's death. In lieu of the opening monologue Steve Martin, visibly shaken, introduced a replay of the "Dancing in the Dark" sketch he and Radner had performed in a 1978 episode;[9] her ex-husband G. E. Smith performed a musical tribute to Radner with the SNL band.

Danitra Vance
40
August 21, 1994
Vance died of breast cancer, which had returned after a remission three years earlier.

Michael O'Donoghue
54
November 8, 1994
O'Donoghue died from cerebral hemorrhage after suffering from severe chronic migraine headaches for most of his life. Bill Murray honored O'Donoghue's memory in an appearance on a season 20 episode[10] (hosted by Sarah Jessica Parker with musical guest R.E.M.) by replaying his sketch "Mr. Mike's Least Loved Bedtime Stories: The Soiled Kimono" from 1977.[11]

Chris Farley
33
December 18, 1997
Similar to Belushi, Farley died of a drug overdose from a speedball. His death occurred less than two months after he came back to host SNL, which turned out to be his final television appearance.

Phil Hartman
49
May 28, 1998
Hartman was murdered by his wife, Brynn, while he slept in his Encino, California home. Before committing this crime, Brynn had allegedly consumed a combination of cocaine, alcohol, and the antidepressant drug Zoloft, and later killed herself. During SNL's 25th anniversary special in 1999, several of Hartman's peers honored his memory by replaying his sketch "Love is a Dream" from 1988.

Charles Rocket
56
October 7, 2005
Rocket was found dead in his Canterbury, Connecticut backyard. Local police concluded his death a suicide; Rocket had allegedly taken his own life by slashing his throat with a box cutter.

Tom Davis
59
July 19, 2012
Davis died from head and neck cancer.

Jan Hooks
57
October 9, 2014
Hooks died of throat cancer after a long illness.[12]


document_title: Prometheus Bound

question_text: in the play prometheus bound zeus is portrayed as a

root

text: Prometheus Bound

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: The theme of Prometheus Bound is the conflict between force and justice. The supreme god Zeus has recently assumed control of the universe from the Titans and is ruling like a petty tyrant. He has bound Prometheus to a rock in a remote corner of the earth because Prometheus gave the gift of fire to humankind, a race whom Zeus had sought to destroy.

tag: p

text: To the original Athenian audience, which had expelled the tyrant Hippias only in 510 b.c.e., Aeschylus’s references to tyranny in this play would have been topical. Moreover, it is surprising to find that these references are applied to the god Zeus, usually depicted in Aeschylean tragedy as the defender of justice.[2]

text: Departures from Hesiod[edit]

text: The treatment of the myth of Prometheus in Prometheus Bound is a radical departure from the earlier accounts found in Hesiod's Theogony (511–616) and Works and Days (42–105). Hesiod essentially portrays the Titan as a lowly trickster and semi-comic foil to Zeus's authority. Zeus's anger toward Prometheus is in turn responsible for mortal man's having to provide for himself; before, all of man's needs had been provided by the gods. Prometheus' theft of fire also prompts the arrival of the first woman, Pandora, and her jar of evils. Pandora is entirely absent from Prometheus Bound, and Prometheus becomes a human benefactor and divine king-maker, rather than an object of blame for human suffering.[3]

text: Prometheus Trilogy[edit]

text: There is evidence that Prometheus Bound was the first play in a trilogy conventionally called the Prometheia, but the other two plays, Prometheus Unbound and Prometheus the Fire-Bringer, survive only in fragments. In Prometheus Unbound, Heracles frees Prometheus from his chains and kills the eagle that had been sent daily to eat the Titan's perpetually regenerating liver. Perhaps foreshadowing his eventual reconciliation with Prometheus, we learn that Zeus has released the other Titans whom he imprisoned at the conclusion of the Titanomachy. In Prometheus the Fire-Bringer, the Titan finally warns Zeus not to lie with the sea nymph Thetis, for she is fated to give birth to a son greater than the father. Not wishing to be overthrown, Zeus would later marry Thetis off to the mortal Peleus; the product of that union will be Achilles, Greek hero of the Trojan War. Grateful for the warning, Zeus finally reconciles with Prometheus.

text: Debate over authenticity[edit]

text: Scholars at the Great Library of Alexandria unanimously deemed Aeschylus to be the author of Prometheus Bound. Since the 19th century, however, several scholars have doubted Aeschylus' authorship of the drama. These doubts initially took the form of the so-called "Zeus Problem," or the argument that the playwright who demonstrated such piety toward Zeus in The Suppliants and Agamemnon could not have been the same playwright who, in Prometheus Bound, inveighs against Zeus for violent tyranny. Some who object to this argument put forward the theory of a Zeus who (like the Furies in the Oresteia) "evolves" throughout the trilogy; these people argue that it is possible Zeus is meant to be reminiscent of a tyrant only in Prometheus Bound, and that in the conclusion of the full trilogy, Aeschylus' Zeus could have become more comparable with the just and honorable Zeus found in the works of Hesiod.[4]

text: Increasingly, arguments for and against the attribution to Aeschylus have been based on metrical-stylistic grounds: the play's diction, the use of so-called Eigenwoerter, the use of recitative anapests in the meter, etc.[5] Using such criteria in 1977, Mark Griffith made a case against the attribution.[6] C. J. Herington, however, repeatedly argued for it.[7] Since Griffith's landmark study, confidence in Aeschylean authorship has steadily eroded. Influential scholars such as M. L. West,[8] and Alan Sommerstein,[9] have made arguments against authenticity. West has argued that the Prometheus Bound and its trilogy are at least partially and probably wholly the work of Aeschylus' son, Euphorion, who was also a playwright. Those who trust in the verdict of antiquity and still favor Aeschylean authorship have dated the play anywhere from the 480s to 456 BC. The matter may never be settled to the satisfaction of all. As Griffith himself, who argues against authenticity, puts it: "We cannot hope for certainty one way or the other."[10]

text: The argument of Herington[11] and others for authenticity has largely centered upon the fact that Prometheus Bound was one play in a trilogy, so that discussion of its attribution in isolation is inappropriate. Of all Aeschylus’ works (nearly ninety plays by some accounts), only seven survive, and only the Oresteia trilogy survives as a complete text.

text: The play cannot date later than 430 BC, because Prometheus Unbound (part of the same trilogy as Prometheus Bound) was parodied in Cratinus' Ploutoi (429 BC). Prometheus Bound itself was parodied in Cratinus' Seriphioi (c. 423) and Aristophanes' Acharnians (425 BC).[12]

text: Reception and influence[edit]

text: Prometheus Bound enjoyed a measure of popularity in antiquity. Aeschylus was very popular in Athens decades after his death, as Aristophanes' The Frogs (405 BC) makes clear. Allusions to the play are evident in his The Birds of 414 BC, and in the tragedian Euripides' fragmentary Andromeda, dated to 412 BC. If Aeschylean authorship is assumed, then these allusions several decades after the play's first performance speak to the enduring popularity of Prometheus Bound. Moreover, a performance of the play itself (rather than a depiction of the generic myth) appears on fragments of a Greek vase dated c. 370–360 BC.[13]

text: In the early 19th century, the Romantic writers came to identify with the defiant Prometheus. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote a poem on the theme, as did Lord Byron. Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote a play, Prometheus Unbound, which used some of the materials of the play as a vehicle for Shelley's own vision.

text: Memorable lines[edit]

text:
39: τὸ συγγενές τοι δεινὸν ἥ θ' ὁμιλία (tò syngenés toi deinòn hḗ th' homilía ), "Kinship and companionship are terrible things."
78: ὅμοια μορφῇ γλῶσσά σου γηρύεται (hómoia morphē̂i glō̂ssá sou gērýetai), "Your speech and your appearance – both alike."
90: κυμάτων ἀνήριθμον γέλασμα (kymátōn anḗrithmon gélasma), "uncountable laughter of the waves"
250: τυφλὰς ἐν αὐτοῖς ἐλπίδας κατῴκισα (typhlàs en autoîs elpídas katṓikisa), "I established in them blind hopes."
387: σαφῶς μ'ἐς οἶκον σὸς λόγος στέλλει πάλιν (saphō̂s m'es oîkon sòs lógos stéllei pálin), "Your speech returns me clearly home."

tag: ul

text: Performance in the English language[edit]

text: In February 1979 Theatro Technis, London, performed Prometheus Bound in the Philip Vellacott Penguin translation with George Eugeniou directing and Angelique Rockas and Koraltan Ahmed in the roles of Io and Prometheus respectively. Set in Greece of the 1970s – it was 'an indictment of the Greek junta and its repercussions to harrowing effect', Jim Hiley of Time Out.[14][15]

text: A translation of the play by Joel Agee, commissioned by the J. Paul Getty Museum, the CalArts Center for New Performance, and Trans Arts, was first performed from 29 August to 28 September 2013 at the Getty Villa's Outdoor Classical Theater.[16]  It was directed by Travis Preston, composed by Ellen Reid and Vinny Golia, and choreographed by Mira Kingsley.[17]  The production employed a huge, steel wheel in place of the barren cliff.[18]

text: In April 2015 MacMillan Films, United States, staged Prometheus Bound for camera using Peter Arnott's translation with James Thomas directing, Tanya Rodina as Io, and Casey McIntyre as the Chorus Leader. The production used a real skene building whose roof was used as the landing and dance platform for the Chorus of Oceanids.

text: Translations[edit]

text:
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Prometheus Bound

tag: table

text:
Thomas Medwin and Percy Bysshe Shelley, 1832 — verse: full text 1837 (Pagan Press reprint 2011)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, writing anonymously, 1833 — verse: full text
Henry David Thoreau, 1843 — verse: full text
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, 1851 — verse: full text (completely different translation from her 1833 version)
Augusta Webster, 1866 — verse: full text
C. B. Cayley, 1867 — verse: full text
Anna Swanwick, 1886 - verse full text
Edward Hayes Plumptre, 1868 — verse:  full text
Edward Henry Pember, 1895 — verse: full text
Theodore Alois Buckley, 1897 — prose: full text
Paul Elmer More, 1899 — prose and verse: full text
Edwyn Bevan, 1902 — verse full text
J. Case, 1905 - verse
John Stuart Blackie, 1906 — verse:  full text
Robert Whitelaw, 1907 — verse: full text
E. D. A. Morshead, 1908 — verse:  full text
Walter George Headlam and C. E. S. Headlam, 1909 - prose full text
Marion Clyde Wier, 1916 — verse: full text
G. M. Cookson, 1924 — verse: full text
Herbert Weir Smyth, 1926 — prose: full text
Clarence W. Mendell, 1926 — verse
Robert C. Trevelyan, 1939 — verse
David Grene, 1942 — prose and verse
E. A. Havelock, 1950 — prose and verse
F. L. Lucas, 1954 — verse
Philip Vellacott, 1961 — verse
Paul Roche, 1964 — verse
Robert Lowell, 1967 — prose
C. John Herrington and James Scully, 1975 — verse
G. Theodoridis, prose, 2006 — prose: full text
Alan Sommerstein, 2008 — prose
Joel Agee, 2013 — verse


document_title: Once Upon a Time (season 7)

question_text: when does season 7 episode 11 of once upon a time air

text: Once Upon a Time (season 7)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Years after the Final Battle, Henry leaves Storybrooke in search of his own story only to find himself in New Fairy Tale Land,[11] where a conflict between Lady Tremaine and her stepdaughter Cinderella culminates in the casting of yet another curse. As Henry's daughter tries to make him believe in the curse, the enchantress Gothel sets out to revive a cult with sinister intentions.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Regular[edit]

text:
Lana Parrilla as Evil Queen / Regina Mills / Roni[3]
Colin O'Donoghue as Captain Hook / Killian Jones / Rogers[3]
Andrew J. West as Henry Mills[3]
Dania Ramirez as Cinderella / Jacinda[12][13]
Gabrielle Anwar as Rapunzel / Lady Tremaine / Victoria Belfrey[4][13][14]
Alison Fernandez as Lucy[3]
Robert Carlyle as Rumplestiltskin / Mr. Gold / Weaver[3]
Mekia Cox as Tiana / Sabine[4][5]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Adelaide Kane as Drizella / Ivy Belfrey[4][15]
Rose Reynolds as Alice / Tilly[4][16]
Emma Booth as Mother Gothel / Eloise Gardener[17][18]
Rebecca Mader as Wicked Witch of the West / Zelena / Kelly[19][20]
Meegan Warner as young Rapunzel[21]
Tiera Skovbye as Robin[22]
Nathan Parsons as Jack / Nick Branson[23][24]
Yael Yurman as Anastasia[25]
Kip Pardue as Chad[26]
Jeff Pierre as Prince Naveen[27]

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Jared S. Gilmore as young Henry Mills[28]
Jillian Fargey as the Fairy Godmother[29]
Liam Hall as the Prince[29]
Jennifer Morrison as Emma Swan[30]
Emilie de Ravin as Belle[31]
Giles Matthey as Gideon[32]
Robin Givens as Eudora[33]
Kevin Ryan as Robert[34]
Daniel Francis as Dr. Facilier[34]
Chris Gauthier as Smee[24]
Matty Finochio as Marcus Tremaine[25]
Cindy Luna as Cecilia[35]
Anna Cathcart as tween Drizella[25]
Alejandra Perez as young Ella[35]
Sophia Reid-Gantzert as young Anastasia[25]
Lula Mae Melench as young Drizella[25]
Sara Tomko as Tiger Lily[20]
Chad Rook as Captain Ahab[36][37]
Suzy Joachim as Madame Leota[38]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date [39]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

134
1
"Hyperion Heights"
Ralph Hemecker
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
October 6, 2017 (2017-10-06)
3.26[40]

In a flashback, an 18-year-old Henry says goodbye to Regina as he departs Storybrooke on a trip to new realms, in hopes of finding his own story. Many years later, Henry runs into Cinderella's carriage in the New Enchanted Forest and after a string of events that almost get them captured at a ball, he offers her the chance at a new start back in Storybrooke, as he is due to return through a portal that evening. When Henry finds a glass slipper left for him at their meeting spot, he decides to stay behind. In present-day Seattle, an older Henry is reunited with his daughter Lucy, whom he does not remember because of a curse. In hopes of breaking it, Lucy leads him to her neighborhood of Hyperion Heights, home to many other cursed fairytale characters including Jacinda, Lucy's down-on-her-luck single mother who is in a contentious relationship with her powerful stepmother Victoria. Others include Roni, a bar owner who is struggling with having to sell her establishment to Victoria, and Rogers, a cop who gets promoted to a detective and is introduced to his new partner, Weaver.

135
2
"A Pirate's Life"
Tara Nicole Weyr
Jane Espenson & Jerome Schwartz
October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13)
2.74[41]

In flashback to Storybrooke, Hook is training an 18 year old Henry as Emma watches on. She confesses to Hook that she worries Henry is about to leave on his own. In order to comfort her, Hook shows her a bottle Henry can use to call on them if he gets into trouble. Many years later, as Henry is about to be captured by Lady Tremaine, he uses the bottle to call on Emma, Hook, and Regina for help. In the present, Victoria hires Rogers and Weaver to drive Henry out of the neighborhood. Rogers does not agree with Weaver's methods and helps Henry instead. Rogers, Henry, and Roni end up forming an alliance against Victoria. Meanwhile, Jacinda has to find another way to be at Lucy's ballet recital after Victoria makes things difficult for her.

136
3
"The Garden of Forking Paths"
Ron Underwood
David H. Goodman & Brigitte Hales
October 20, 2017 (2017-10-20)
2.49[42]

In a flashback, Cinderella arrives at the spot in the forest where she is supposed to meet Henry, but does not find him there. She then meets Princess Tiana, who recruits her to be part of the resistance against Lady Tremaine. She leaves one of her glass slippers behind for Henry to find. A short while later, Henry, Regina, and Hook arrive at their campsite and join the efforts. Later, Cinderella sneaks into Tremaine's castle alone, where Tremaine reveals that she has kept her almost-deceased daughter Anastasia preserved since her "death" at age 14 and needs a pure heart to revive her. She tasks Cinderella with stealing Henry's, since he has the heart of the truest believer. In the present day, Jacinda tries to save Lucy's beloved community garden from Victoria, while Lucy takes a skeptical Henry on a trip under the garden lot in hopes of finding proof of everyone's fairytale pasts. Meanwhile, Henry, Roni, and Rogers find their first lead against Victoria. Rogers captures the man working with her, but is irritated to find Weaver setting the man free to use him as a future connection. Also, it is revealed that Victoria is not cursed and has been keeping a witch as her prisoner at the top of Belfrey Towers.

137
4
"Beauty"
Mick Garris
Dana Horgan & Leah Fong
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)
2.44[43]

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In a flashback to Gideon's first birthday, Rumple and Belle decide to leave Storybrooke to travel the world. Years later, Rumple tells Belle that he wants to stop being the Dark One so he can be mortal again and live out one single life with her. Over the years, they search for ways to get rid of his darkness. When Gideon is 18, Belle comes across a prophecy that leads them to the Edge of Realms, where they must wait for the sun's brightest set before they can be guided to the path Rumple must take to get rid of the Darkness. They build a home there as they wait for the event to occur. However, an aging Belle eventually admits that the "sun" of which the prophecy spoke was actually herself and that her death will mark the start of his journey. When Belle dies, Rumple sets off to search for a Guardian who will be able to take the Darkness from him so that he can ultimately be reunited with Belle. In the present day, Tilly, who is actually Alice, begins to wake up from the curse after she stops taking pills given to her by Victoria. In her new state of clarity, she tries to get Weaver to remember his true identity. Meanwhile, Ivy is tasked with taking Lucy trick-or-treating and loses her in the streets. She ends up bonding with Henry and defies her mother to give Jacinda and Lucy time together.

138
5
"Greenbacks"
Geofrey Hildrew
Christopher Hollier & Adam Karp
November 3, 2017 (2017-11-03)
2.29[44]

In the flashbacks, Tiana seeks a prince to help save her kingdom and is guided by Dr. Facilier to a man named Robert. She soon realizes that Facilier had enlisted Robert to steal a magical ruby from her in exchange for reuniting him with his lover who had been turned into a frog. In the present day, Tiana decides to run a pop-up beignet shop out of Mr. Cluck's with Jacinda's help. Victoria sends someone to burn the place down, which then causes friction between the two roommates. Rogers comes across a detainee at the police station who he thinks is connected to Eloise Gardener, the missing girl he's trying to find. Meanwhile, Roni decides to investigate Ivy's interest in helping Henry. Ivy takes her to the top of the towers and Roni finds a photo of herself and a young Henry taken in Storybrooke. However, it is later revealed that Ivy hasn't been cursed either and has her own dealings with the witch of which her mother is unaware.

139
6
"Wake Up Call"
Sharat Raju
Jerome Schwartz & Jane Espenson
November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10)
2.37[45]

In a flashback, Regina comes across Drizella, who is looking for magic to escape from her mother. When she reveals that she was actually born with magic, Regina begins to train her. However after Regina runs into Rumple, who tells her that Lady Tremaine must have been aware of the magic lessons, the two women realize that Lady Tremaine was counting on using Drizella's heart to revive Anastasia. Drizella ends up blackening her own heart by killing the prince, making it unusable for revival, and vows to cast a Curse like Regina's to make her mother suffer. In the present day, Roni struggles with what to believe about the mysterious photo, which is complicated by newly discovered information about "Regina Mills" into which Lucy encouraged her to look. Drizella gathers the ingredients for a plant that the witch then cultivates and, when she serves its essence to Roni, she wakes up and remembers her life as Regina. Drizella then reveals that she cast the curse and blackmails Regina into keeping Henry and Jacinda apart, reminding her of a special contingency that was put into the Curse that would force her to comply.

140
7
"Eloise Gardener"
Alex Kalymnios
David H. Goodman & Brigitte Hales
November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)
2.28[46]

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In a flashback to the Wish Realm shortly after the Charmings stopped Regina from casting her curse, Hook agrees to grant her passage on the Jolly Roger in exchange for leading him to powerful magic guarded by a witch. When he arrives at the witch's tower, he finds Rapunzel instead. She instructs him to retrieve a golden flower from the witch's garden. When he returns with it to help her, they spend the night together. The next morning, it is revealed that Rapunzel is actually Gothel and their night together produced a baby, whom Gothel leaves behind so she can escape the tower. Hook gives the Jolly Roger to Smee and decides to stay with his daughter, who is unable to leave due to the tower's spell. He names her Alice after his own mother. In the present day, Rogers is on a mad hunt for Eloise with help from Henry and Tilly. Tilly later informs him that Eloise has died, but it turns out that the news was planted by Weaver to throw him off the case. Weaver warns Rogers that Eloise is not the person he thinks she is. When Rogers finds Gothel, he believes that she is Eloise and frees her from Victoria, who gets locked up for kidnapping. Meanwhile, Tremaine has discovered that Drizella is awake and Regina tries to put some distance between Henry and Jacinda.

141
8
"Pretty in Blue"
Ralph Hemecker
Dana Horgan & Leah Fong
November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)
2.28[46]

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In flashbacks, Hook is reunited with Alice, who claims that they have been cured of their curse. However, when they try to embrace, Hook gets hurt and Alice runs away in fear. Henry and Cinderella chase her back to New Wonderland, a place where Cinderella reveals her mother Cecilia ran to after abandoning her and her stepfather. She takes a shrinking potion and leaves Henry, heading into the Infinite Maze alone to find answers. She finds Alice, who tells her that she met Cecilia before and that she was also afflicted with the Curse of the Poisoned Heart. Drizella appears in New Wonderland with a plan to curse Henry, but Alice and Cinderella are able to save him. Henry and Cinderella then share their first kiss. In the present day, Jacinda contacts Nick (Jack in Fairy Tale Land), a lawyer whom she has been cursed to believe is Lucy's father. He agrees to help her regain custody of Lucy, to Henry's dismay, and Lucy encourages Henry to fight for Jacinda. Meanwhile, Drizella and Gothel plan to revive Anastasia but, when they open her coffin, her body is missing. After Regina confronts Rumple, who refuses to confirm that he has woken up from the curse, she announces to Henry that she's heading to San Francisco to meet with someone who was pushed out of town by Victoria. He agrees to join her on the trip.

142
9
"One Little Tear"
Steve Pearlman
Christopher Hollier & Adam Karp
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)
2.45[47]

Victoria strikes a deal with Weaver in an attempt to free herself from jail and wake Anastasia. In flashbacks, Rapunzel steals from Mother Gothel's garden to save her family and is trapped in a tower in exchange. After 6 years of captivity, Rapunzel escapes using her hair but finds her husband Marcus has remarried to Cecilia, gaining a stepdaughter, Ella. Gothel tempts Rapunzel with a New Wonderland mushroom, which she uses to poison Cecilia's heart. One day, Anastasia and Ella falls through thin ice, but to Rapunzel's disbelief, their father only manages to save Ella. Rapunzel seeks Gothel's help, who magically seals Anastasia's last breath with the price of keeping Anastasia in the tower. However, Rapunzel tricks Gothel who becomes trapped in her own tower until someone in her bloodline takes her place. In the present, Victoria strangely gives full custody of Lucy to Jacinda, claiming to be a changed person. Victoria retrieves the Once Upon a Time book and shows Lucy her unfortunate life story as Rapunzel and convinces Lucy to give up her belief in happy endings. As Lucy sheds a tear, Victoria uses it to awaken Anastasia, while Lucy collapses into unconsciousness.

143
10
"The Eighth Witch"
Ralph Hemecker
Jane Espenson & Jerome Schwartz
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
2.29[48]

In a flashback, baby Lucy is born, just as Drizella appears to deliver a prophecy about a curse. The heroes are able to turn Drizella to stone. Eight years later, everyone is celebrating Lucy's birthday when Gothel appears with her coven of witches, recruiting Drizella to join them as she is finally freed. With the curse looming, Regina heads off to get help from Zelena. Later, when the heroes confront the witches, Gothel reveals that they have poisoned Henry, and Regina is forced into casting Drizella's curse to save his life. In the present day, Regina has located a cursed Zelena in San Francisco, who is now known as Kelly. Regina is able to give Zelena her memories back and the two head back to Seattle, knowing that breaking the curse to help Lucy would only hurt Henry instead. Rumple tests Anastasia to see if she is the Guardian. However, Gothel also wants Anastasia and severs her alliance with Drizella after the girl is brought to her, deeming Anastasia to be more useful in her coven. Gothel tells her that they need to find their fellow witches.

144
11
"Secret Garden"[49]
Mick Garris
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
March 2, 2018 (2018-03-02)
TBD

145
12
"A Taste of the Heights"[50]
TBA
David H. Goodman & Brigitte Hales
March 9, 2018 (2018-03-09)
TBD

146
13
"Knightfall"[51]
TBA
Jerome Schwartz & Miguel Ian Raya
March 16, 2018 (2018-03-16)
TBD

147
14
"The Girl in the Tower"[52]
Antonio Negret[53]
Dana Horgan & Leah Fong
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)
TBD

148
15
"Sisterhood"[54]
TBA
Christopher Hollier & Adam Karp
March 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
TBD

149
16
"Breadcrumbs"[55]
TBA
Jane Espenson & Jerome Schwartz
April 6, 2018 (2018-04-06)
TBD

150
17
"Chosen"[56]
Lana Parrilla
Paul Karp & Brian Ridings
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)
TBD

151
18
"The Guardian"[57]
Geofrey Hildrew[58]
David H. Goodman & Brigitte Hales
April 20, 2018 (2018-04-20)
TBD

152
19
"Flower Child"[59]
Tessa Blake[60]
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
April 27, 2018 (2018-04-27)
TBD

153
20
"Is This Henry Mills?"[61]
Ron Underwood[53]
Dana Horgan & Leah Fong
May 4, 2018 (2018-05-04)
TBD

text: The seventh season finale, which will serve as the series finale, is set to broadcast on May 18, 2018.[39]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In January 2017, while season 6 was still in production, ABC president Channing Dungey spoke of a possible "reset" of the show's narrative in the event that the show received a season 7 order.[9] After much speculation, executive producers Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis later confirmed that certain characters would have their storylines wrapped up and that the back-end of the sixth season had been written with the season 7 narrative change in mind.[62] Despite the major changes from seasons past, the showrunners have said that they do not view season 7 as a complete reboot of the show. Horowitz said: "I hesitate to use the word "reboot." We're more thinking about it as a hybrid of a lot of things. We're paying homage to the original premise, but there are certain characters who are returning and some who are not. It's a combination of a lot of things, but what we're trying to do is go in a new direction but stay true to the spirit of what the show has always been."[63]

text: In July 2017, the creators announced that the series now take place in the Seattle neighborhood of Hyperion Heights, which was created under a new and darker curse. Residents of this neighborhood include displaced characters from the original and new versions of the Enchanted Forest, as well as regular people from the Land Without Magic. This differs from Storybrooke in season 1, which was an isolated town that was blocked off from real-world Maine. The initial villain is Lady Tremaine, who assumes the role of an urban developer who seeks to "gentrify the neighborhood" and push out and separate fairy tale residents. Meanwhile, Storybrooke and various Fairy Tale Land locations still appear in the flashbacks of the season as the story bounces back and forth between the characters' lives before and during the latest curse.[64]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In May 2017, it was announced that Lana Parrilla, Colin O'Donoghue, and Robert Carlyle would be the only series regulars from season 6 to continue onto season 7.[3] It was teased that the three would be portraying their original characters but with cursed identities, similar to the circumstances in season 1. In July, the first promo of the season revealed that Killian is now a Seattle police officer with the last name Rogers, who is living with an unexplained sense of loss.[65] In August, it was revealed that Regina is now a bar owner named Roni, who is more dressed down and is "no longer in charge."[66]

text: Former main cast member Jennifer Morrison has confirmed that she has agreed to return for one episode, later revealed to be the second episode of the season.[67][68] Morrison announced her last filming day on July 19, 2017.[69] On July 22, it was confirmed that Emilie de Ravin would return for the fourth episode in the seventh season.[31]

text: In March 2017, Andrew J. West and Alison Fernandez were cast for unknown guest roles in the season six finale. During the episode, it was revealed that West was portraying an adult Henry Mills, while Fernandez portrayed his daughter, Lucy. After that episode's airing, they were confirmed as series regulars for season 7.[3] West will be taking over the role from Jared S. Gilmore, who has been confirmed to appear in at least the first two episodes of the season.[28][70]

text: On July 6, 2017, it was announced that Dania Ramirez and Gabrielle Anwar would be two additional series regulars for season 7.[3] Additionally, Adelaide Kane, Mekia Cox, and Rose Reynolds were cast in recurring roles for the upcoming season.[3] On July 15, it was announced that Ramirez would be portraying Cinderella, albeit a different version from the one previously played by Jessy Schram for the first six seasons.[12] On July 22 at San Diego Comic-Con, it was revealed that Anwar and Kane will be portraying Lady Tremaine and Drizella, respectively. Cox would be portraying Tiana from The Princess and the Frog, while Reynolds would be playing an alternate version of Alice, a character previously heavily featured in the spin-off Once Upon a Time in Wonderland.[65] In August 2017, Cox was promoted to series regular.[5]

text: On August 1, it was announced that Giles Matthey would return as an adult Gideon for the season's fourth episode. The episode, also featuring Emilie de Ravin, would be centered around Rumple.[32] On that same day, it was also announced that Emma Booth was cast in a major recurring role as the Witch,[17] whose more specific identity would be revealed later on during the season.[71] On August 25, Kevin Ryan announced that he would be making an appearance as a new prince in the upcoming season.[72] On August 30, it was announced that Robin Givens had been cast as Tiana's mother, Eudora.[33]

text: On September 8, it was announced that Meegan Warner would be guest starring as an alternate version of Rapunzel, a character previously featured in one episode of season 3.[21] It was later revealed that the character would appear in a multi-episode arc.[73] On September 20, it was announced that former main Rebecca Mader would return for multiple episodes in the seventh season as Zelena, who will also have a cursed identity.[19][74]

text: On October 2, it was announced that Dr. Facilier from The Princess and the Frog would make an appearance during the season,[75] later revealed to be portrayed by Daniel Francis in the season's fifth episode.[34] On October 3, it was announced that flashbacks of the ninth episode would feature a "tweenage" Anastasia, Lady Tremaine's other biological daughter.[76]

text: On November 1, it was announced that Tiera Skovbye would be recurring as an older version of Robin, the daughter of Zelena and Robin Hood.[22] On November 2, it was announced that Nathan Parsons had been cast in a recurring role as Nick, a lawyer and potential love interest for another character.[23] On November 3, it was announced that the show was casting for the role of Naveen from The Princess and the Frog, who will be recurring in the second half of the season.[77] It was later revealed that the role would be played by Jeff Pierre, who will first appear in the twelfth episode of the season.[27] On November 16, actor Chad Rook announced that he had been cast in an unknown role.[36]

text: On January 23, 2018, it was announced that Kip Pardue had been cast as Chad, Zelena's fiancé from when she was cursed as Kelly. He will make his first appearance in the seventeenth episode of the season.[26]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Hyperion Heights"
October 6, 2017
0.7/3
3.26[40]
0.7
1.72
1.4
4.98[78]

2
"A Pirate's Life"
October 13, 2017
0.7/3
2.74[41]
0.6
N/A
1.3[79]
N/A

3
"The Garden of Forking Paths"
October 20, 2017
0.5/3
2.49[42]
0.6
N/A
1.1[80]
N/A

4
"Beauty"
October 27, 2017
0.5/2
2.44[43]
0.5
N/A
1.0[81]
N/A

5
"Greenbacks"
November 3, 2017
0.5/2
2.29[44]
0.5
1.27
1.0
3.56[82]

6
"Wake Up Call"
November 10, 2017
0.5/2
2.37[45]
0.5
1.32
1.0
3.69[83]

7
"Eloise Gardener"
November 17, 2017
0.5/2
2.28[46]
0.5
1.30
1.0
3.58[84]

8
"Pretty in Blue"
November 17, 2017
0.5/2
2.28[46]
0.5
1.30
1.0
3.58[84]

9
"One Little Tear"
December 8, 2017
0.5/2
2.45[47]
0.4
N/A
0.9[85]
N/A

10
"The Eighth Witch"
December 15, 2017
0.5/2
2.29[48]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A


document_title: The Man from Snowy River (1982 film)

question_text: where did they film man from snowy river

text: The Man from Snowy River (1982 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: When Jim Craig and his father Henry are discussing their finances, a herd of wild horses called the Brumby mob passes by, and Henry wants to shoot the black stallion leader, but Jim convinces his father to capture and sell them. The next morning the mob reappears and Henry is accidentally killed. Before Jim can inherit the station, a group of mountain men tell him that he must first earn the right – and to do so he must go to the lowlands and work. Jim meets an old friend called Spur, a one-legged miner. Jim then gets a job on a station owned by Harrison, Spur's brother, on a recommendation by Harrison's friend. Meanwhile, Clancy appears at Spur's mine and the two discuss their pasts and futures. Clancy goes to Harrison's station to lead a cattle muster. At dinner, Harrison tells Clancy that "he has no brother" when referring to Spur.

text: Harrison organizes a round-up of his cattle, but Jim is not allowed to go. While the others are gone, Harrison's daughter Jessica asks Jim to help her break in a prize colt. The mob appears again, and Jim unsuccessfully gives chase to the valuable horse. When Harrison returns, he sends Jim to bring back 20 strays. Later, Harrison learns of Jim's actions and tells Jessica that Jim will be fired and that she will be sent to a women's college. Impulsively, she rides off into the mountains where she is caught in a storm.

text: Spur, meanwhile, finally strikes a large gold deposit. Jim finds Jessica's horse and rescues her. She tells him that he's going to be fired, but he still leaves to return the cattle. Jessica is surprised at meeting Spur, her uncle, whom she had never been told about. She is also confused when Spur mistakes her for her dead mother and refuses to tell her anything about his past. After returning, Jessica learns that Spur and Harrison both fell in love with her mother, Matilda. Matilda declared that the first to make his fortune would be her husband. Spur went looking for gold, while Harrison bet his life savings on a horse race. Harrison became rich overnight when the horse he bet on won. Having made his fortune, Harrison wed Matilda, but she died while delivering Jessica. Harrison is grateful to Jim for returning his daughter, but he becomes angry when Jim says he loves her. As Jim leaves, a prized colt is let loose by a farmhand in the hope that Jim will be blamed.

text: Later, while camping out, Spur tells Jim that he will inherit his father's share of the mine. Clancy joins them and informs them of the colt, but Jim refuses to retrieve the animal. Meanwhile, Harrison offers a reward of ₤100, attracting riders and fortune-hunters from every station in the area. Clancy does eventually show, accompanied by Jim, whom Harrison finally allows to join the hunt. Several riders have accidents in pursuit and even Clancy is unable to contain the Brumby mob. The riders give up when the mob descends a seemingly impassable grade. However, Jim goes forward and returns the horses to Harrison's farm. Harrison offers him the reward but he refuses. Having cleared his name, Jim would like to return some day for the horses and, looking at Jessica, "anything else that's mine." He rides back up to the mountain country, knowing that he has earned his right to live there.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Burlinson as Jim Craig
Sigrid Thornton as Jessica Harrison
Kirk Douglas as Harrison / Spur
Terence Donovan as Henry Craig
Tommy Dysart as Mountain Man
Bruce Kerr as Man in Street
David Bradshaw as Banjo Paterson
Jack Thompson as Clancy
Tony Bonner as Kane
June Jago as Mrs. Bailey
Chris Haywood as Curly
Kristopher Steele as Moss
Gus Mercurio as Frew
Howard Eynon as Shorry
Lorraine Bayly as Rosemary Hume

text: Production[edit]

text: According to Geoff Burrowes, the idea to make the film came at a dinner party when someone suggested the poem would make a good movie. Burrowes developed a treatment with George Miller then hired John Dixon to write a screenplay. All three men had worked together in television; another former TV colleague, Simon Wincer, became involved as executive producer with Michael Edgley and succeeded in raising the budget.[1][3][4]

text: The screenplay contains numerous references to Banjo Paterson, aside from using his poem "The Man from Snowy River" as the source material and his inclusion as a character in the film. For example, the numerous references to the late Matilda are likely a reference to the song "Waltzing Matilda", which was written by Paterson. In addition, the melody for "Waltzing Matilda" can be heard near the end of the film. A Bible Passage from Genesis 30:27, which talks about cattle, goats, and sheep is read aloud in a scene in the middle of the film.

text: The movie was not shot in the actual Snowy Mountains but in the Victorian High Country near Mansfield, Victoria, where Burrowes' wife's family had lived for several generations, which was logistically easier.[1][5]Burt Lancaster and Robert Mitchum were considered for the dual role of Harrison and Spur before Kirk Douglas was cast in the roles.

text: Tom Burlinson has confirmed that it was definitely him who rode the horse over the side of the mountain for the "terrible descent" during the dangerous ride—commenting that he had been asked about this numerous times, and that he became known as "The Man from Snowy River" because of his ride.[6] Remarkably, Burlinson had never ridden a horse before being cast in the film and the "terrible descent" was a one-take shot at full gallop down the cliff face. Burlinson performed all of his own stunts in the film.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film "was released to a fair degree of critical acclaim" and "moviegoers found it to be a likable and highly entertaining piece of filmmaking that made no effort to hide its Australian roots, despite the presence of American star Kirk Douglas in one of the principal roles."[7] The film has a rating of 80% on film review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes.[8] One review of the movie comments:[9] The Australian film industry has been responsible for many decent films for decades (and some utter crap, of course), but the percentage with international appeal is quite small. That is changing, and it is films such as The Man From Snowy River that have ensured ongoing interest. The film was inspired by the ‘Banjo’ Paterson poem of the same name, and stars numerous respected local talents and a Hollywood big name star in Kirk Douglas, playing two roles.'' The two standouts of this film are the majestic mountain scenery, and the final chase scenes with that awe-inspiring horse ride down the mountainside. The film stars many big names and familiar faces including Gus Mercurio (Paul's father), Lorraine Bayley (The Sullivans), Tony Bonner (Skippy) and Chris Haywood. The sets and costumes are also great, the script is strong, and the various threads that run through the film are well handled.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Bruce Rowland composed the music for both the film and the sequel.

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Man from Snowy River grossed $17,228,160 at the box office in Australia.[10] Kirk Douglas later sued Burrowes for a share of the profits.[11]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Won 1982 AFI Award for Best Original Music Score—(awarded to Bruce Rowland)
Won 1982 Montreal World Film Festival Award for Most Popular Film—(awarded to George T. Miller)
Won 1984 APRA Award for Best Original Music Score—(awarded to Bruce Rowland)
Nominated for 1982 AFI Award for Best Achievement in Sound
Nominated for 1983 Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Film Australia

text: Legacy[edit]

text: As indicated by its box office takings, The Man from Snowy River gained a very large audience, popularising the story and Banjo Paterson's poem. Since 1995 the story has been re-enacted at The Man From Snowy River Bush Festival in Corryong, Victoria.[12] Jack Thompson who played Clancy in the film has released recordings of a number of Banjo Paterson poems including Clancy of the Overflow and The Man from Snowy River on the album The Bush Poems of A.B. (Banjo) Paterson.[13]

text: The Craigs' Hut building was a permanent fixture created for the film. Located in Clear Hills, east of Mount Stirling, Victoria, the popular 4WD and hiking landmark was destroyed on 11 December 2006 in bushfires.[14] The hut has since been rebuilt. The film was selected for preservation as part of the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's Kodak/Atlab Cinema Collection Restoration Project.

text: For the 2000 Summer Olympics Rowland composed a special Olympics version of The Man from Snowy River "Main Title" for the Olympic Games, which were held in Sydney. The CD of the music for the Sydney Olympics includes the Bruce Rowland's special Olympic version of the main title. Rowland composed special arrangements of some of the film soundtrack music for the 2002 musical version of The Man from Snowy River, The Man from Snowy River: Arena Spectacular.


document_title: List of Switched at Birth episodes

question_text: how many episodes in season 3 of switched at birth

text: List of Switched at Birth episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
30
June 6, 2011 (2011-06-06)
October 22, 2012 (2012-10-22)

2
21
January 7, 2013 (2013-01-07)
August 19, 2013 (2013-08-19)

3
22
January 13, 2014 (2014-01-13)
December 8, 2014 (2014-12-08)

4
20
January 6, 2015 (2015-01-06)
October 26, 2015 (2015-10-26)

5
10
January 31, 2017 (2017-01-31)
April 11, 2017 (2017-04-11)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2011–12)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"This Is Not a Pipe"
Steve Miner
Lizzy Weiss
June 6, 2011 (2011-06-06)
3.30[8]

2
2
"American Gothic"
Steve Miner
Lizzy Weiss
June 13, 2011 (2011-06-13)
2.92[9]

3
3
"Portrait of My Father"
Michael Schultz
Becky Hartman Edwards
June 20, 2011 (2011-06-20)
2.77[10]

4
4
"Dance Amongst Daggers"
Steve Miner
Chad Fiveash & James Stoteraux
June 27, 2011 (2011-06-27)
2.80[11]

5
5
"Dogs Playing Poker"
Bethany Rooney
Joy Gregory
July 4, 2011 (2011-07-04)
1.68[12]

6
6
"The Persistence of Memory"
James L. Conway
Henry Robles
July 11, 2011 (2011-07-11)
2.63[13]

7
7
"The Stag Hunt"
Michael Lange
Sean Reycraft
July 18, 2011 (2011-07-18)
2.69[14]

8
8
"Pandora's Box"
Elodie Keene
Becky Hartman Edwards & Lizzy Weiss
July 25, 2011 (2011-07-25)
3.14[15]

9
9
"Paradise Lost"
Ron Lagomarsino
Chad Fiveash & James Stoteraux
August 1, 2011 (2011-08-01)
2.79[16]

10
10
"The Homecoming"
David Paymer
Lizzy Weiss
August 8, 2011 (2011-08-08)
2.84[17]

11
11
"Starry Night"
Steve Miner
Lizzy Weiss
January 3, 2012 (2012-01-03)
2.74[18]

12
12
"The Tempest"
Mel Damski
Anne Kenney
January 10, 2012 (2012-01-10)
2.07[19]

13
13
"Self-Portrait With Bandaged Ear"
Steve Miner
Becky Hartman Edwards
January 17, 2012 (2012-01-17)
1.99[20]

14
14
"Les Soeurs d'Estrées"
Arlene Sanford
Joy Gregory
January 24, 2012 (2012-01-24)
1.90[21]

15
15
"Expulsion From the Garden of Eden"
Steve Miner
Chad Fiveash & James Stoteraux
January 31, 2012 (2012-01-31)
1.93[22]

16
16
"Las Dos Fridas"
Chris Grismer
Henry Robles
February 7, 2012 (2012-02-07)
1.82[23]

17
17
"Protect Me From What I Want"
David Paymer
Becky Hartman Edwards & Lizzy Weiss
February 14, 2012 (2012-02-14)
1.46[24]

18
18
"The Art of Painting"
Norman Buckley
Joy Gregory & Anne Kenney
February 21, 2012 (2012-02-21)
1.79[25]

19
19
"Write a Lonely Soldier"
Bethany Rooney
Chad Fiveash & James Stoteraux
February 28, 2012 (2012-02-28)
1.51[26]

20
20
"Game On"
Ron Lagomarsino
Becky Hartman Edwards & Lizzy Weiss
March 6, 2012 (2012-03-06)
1.48[27]

21
21
"The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters"
Elodie Keene
Joy Gregory & Henry Robles
March 13, 2012 (2012-03-13)
1.70[28]

22
22
"Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time"
Michael Lange
Lizzy Weiss
March 20, 2012 (2012-03-20)
1.71[29]

23
23
"This Is the Color of My Dreams"
Steve Miner
Lizzy Weiss
September 3, 2012 (2012-09-03)
2.25[30]

24
24
"The Intruder"
Patrick Norris
Chad Fiveash & James Stoteraux
September 10, 2012 (2012-09-10)
1.67[31]

25
25
"The Shock of Being Seen"
Steve Miner
Joy Gregory & Becky Hartman Edwards
September 17, 2012 (2012-09-17)
1.58[32]

26
26
"Tree of Forgiveness"
David Paymer
Ariel Rubin & Michael V. Ross
September 24, 2012 (2012-09-24)
1.41[33]

27
27
"The Declaration of Independence"
Steve Miner
Anne Kenney
October 1, 2012 (2012-10-01)
1.44[34]

28
28
"We Are the Kraken of Our Own Sinking Ships"
Ron Lagomarsino
Henry Robles
October 8, 2012 (2012-10-08)
1.56[35]

29
29
"The Trial"
Bethany Rooney
Joy Gregory & Becky Hartman Edwards
October 15, 2012 (2012-10-15)
1.45[36]

30
30
"Street Noises Invade the House"
Steve Miner
Lizzy Weiss
October 22, 2012 (2012-10-22)
1.78[37]

text: Season 2 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

31
1
"The Door to Freedom"
Steve Miner
Lizzy Weiss
January 7, 2013 (2013-01-07)
1.70[38]

32
2
"The Awakening Conscience"
Fred Gerber
Joy Gregory & Bekah Brunstetter
January 14, 2013 (2013-01-14)
1.65[39]

33
3
"Duel of Two Women"
John Behring
Anne Kenney
January 21, 2013 (2013-01-21)
1.74[40]

34
4
"Dressing for the Charade"
Melanie Mayron
Chad Fiveash & James Stoteraux
January 28, 2013 (2013-01-28)
1.76[41]

35
5
"The Acquired Inability to Escape"
Zetna Fuentes
Joy Gregory & Henry Robles
February 4, 2013 (2013-02-04)
1.79[42]

36
6
"Human/Need/Desire"
Norman Buckley
Lizzy Weiss & Bekah Brunstetter
February 11, 2013 (2013-02-11)
1.65[43]

37
7
"Drive in the Knife"
Steve Miner
Chad Fiveash & James Stoteraux
February 18, 2013 (2013-02-18)
1.52[44]

38
8
"Tight Rope Walker"
Joanna Kerns
Anne Kenney & Henry Robles
February 25, 2013 (2013-02-25)
1.69[45]

39
9
"Uprising"
Steve Miner
Lizzy Weiss
March 4, 2013 (2013-03-04)
1.63[46]

40
10
"Introducing the Miracle"
Ron Lagomarsino
Becky Hartman Edwards & Lizzy Weiss
March 11, 2013 (2013-03-11)
1.75[47]

41
11
"Mother and Child Divided"
Ron Lagomarsino
Lizzy Weiss
June 10, 2013 (2013-06-10)
1.66[48]

42
12
"Distorted House"
Fred Gerber
Joy Gregory & Henry Robles
June 17, 2013 (2013-06-17)
1.62[49]

43
13
"The Good Samaritan"
Zetna Fuentes
Becky Hartman Edwards & Bekah Brunstetter
June 24, 2013 (2013-06-24)
1.76[50]

44
14
"He Did What He Wanted"
Steve Miner
Lizzy Weiss & Michael Ross
July 1, 2013 (2013-07-01)
1.61[51]

45
15
"Ecce Mono"
David Paymer
Chad Fiveash & James Stoteraux
July 8, 2013 (2013-07-08)
2.02[52]

46
16
"The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living"
Melanie Mayron
Darla Lansu
July 15, 2013 (2013-07-15)
1.75[53]

47
17
"Prudence, Avarice, Lust, Justice, Anger"
Lea Thompson
Terrence Coli & Becky Hartman Edwards
July 22, 2013 (2013-07-22)
1.76[54]

48
18
"As The Shadows Deepen"
Wendey Stanzler
Joy Gregory & Henry Robles
July 29, 2013 (2013-07-29)
1.76[55]

49
19
"What Goes Up Must Come Down"
Joanna Kerns
Bekah Brunstetter & Lizzy Weiss
August 5, 2013 (2013-08-05)
1.68[56]

50
20
"The Merrymakers"
Zetna Fuentes
James Stoteraux & Chad Fiveash
August 12, 2013 (2013-08-12)
1.60[57]

51
21
"Departure of Summer"
Steve Miner
Becky Hartman Edwards & Lizzy Weiss
August 19, 2013 (2013-08-19)
1.96[58]

text: Season 3 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

52
1
"Drowning Girl"
Jim Hayman
Lizzy Weiss
January 13, 2014 (2014-01-13)
1.76[59]

53
2
"Your Body is a Battleground"
Lea Thompson
James Stoteraux & Chad Fiveash
January 20, 2014 (2014-01-20)
1.56[60]

54
3
"Fountain"
Allan Arkush
Joy Gregory & Terrence Coli
January 27, 2014 (2014-01-27)
1.55[61]

55
4
"It Hurts to Wait With Love if Love is Somewhere Else"
Melanie Mayron
Linda Gase & Henry Robles
February 3, 2014 (2014-02-03)
1.62[62]

56
5
"Have You Really the Courage?"
Zetna Fuentes
Bekah Brunstetter
February 10, 2014 (2014-02-10)
1.70[63]

57
6
"The Scream"
Jonathan Frakes
Chad Fiveash & James Stoteraux
February 17, 2014 (2014-02-17)
1.70[64]

58
7
"Memory is Your Image of Perfection"
Lee Rose
Terrence Coli
February 24, 2014 (2014-02-24)
1.63[65]

59
8
"Dance Me to the End of Love"
Millicent Shelton
Michael V. Ross & Lizzy Weiss
March 3, 2014 (2014-03-03)
1.61[66]

60
9
"The Past (Forgotten-Swallowed)"
Fred Gerber
Joy Gregory
March 10, 2014 (2014-03-10)
1.39[67]

61
10
"The Ambush"
Allan Arkush
Henry Robles & Bekah Brunstetter
March 17, 2014 (2014-03-17)
1.18[68]

62
11
"Love Seduces Innocence, Pleasure Entraps, and Remorse Follows"
Steve Miner
Linda Gase & Lizzy Weiss
March 24, 2014 (2014-03-24)
1.30[69]

63
12
"Love Among the Ruins"
Norman Buckley
Lizzy Weiss
June 16, 2014 (2014-06-16)
1.17[70]

64
13
"Like a Snowball Down a Mountain"
Melanie Mayron
James Patrick Stoteraux & Chad Fiveash
June 23, 2014 (2014-06-23)
1.41[71]

65
14
"Oh, Future!"
Zetna Fuentes
Henry Robles
June 30, 2014 (2014-06-30)
1.15[72]

66
15
"And We Bring the Light"
James Hayman
Joy Gregory & Alexander Georgakis
July 7, 2014 (2014-07-07)
1.33[73]

67
16
"The Image Disappears"
Wendey Stanzler
Terrence Coli & Linda Gase
July 14, 2014 (2014-07-14)
1.56[74]

68
17
"Girl With Death Mask (She Plays Alone)"
Joanna Kerns
Bekah Brunstetter & Lizzy Weiss
July 21, 2014 (2014-07-21)
1.36[75]

69
18
"It Isn't What You Think"
Ron Lagomarsino
J.R. Phillips & Henry Robles
July 28, 2014 (2014-07-28)
1.13[76]

70
19
"You Will Not Escape"
Michael Lange
Joy Gregory
August 4, 2014 (2014-08-04)
1.29[77]

71
20
"Girl on the Cliff"
D. W. Moffett
Linda Gase
August 11, 2014 (2014-08-11)
1.06[78]

72
21
"And Life Begins Right Away"
Melanie Mayron
Lizzy Weiss & William H. Brown
August 18, 2014 (2014-08-18)
1.29[79]

73
22
"Yuletide Fortune Tellers"
Michael Grossman
Terrence Coli & Lizzy Weiss
December 8, 2014 (2014-12-08)
1.40[80]

text: Season 4 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

74
1
"And It Cannot Be Changed"
Steve Miner
Lizzy Weiss
January 6, 2015 (2015-01-06)
1.29[81]

75
2
"Bracing the Waves"
Michael Lange
Henry Robles
January 13, 2015 (2015-01-13)
1.15[82]

76
3
"I Lock the Door Upon Myself"
Glenn L. Steelman
William H. Brown & Terrence Coli
January 20, 2015 (2015-01-20)
1.21[83]

77
4
"We Were So Close That Nothing Used to Stand Between Us"
Allan Arkush
Linda Gase & Bekah Brunstetter
January 27, 2015 (2015-01-27)
1.30[84]

78
5
"At First Clear Word"
Melanie Mayron
Lizzy Weiss & Joy Gregory
February 3, 2015 (2015-02-03)
1.24[85]

79
6
"Black and Gray"
Ron Lagomarsino
Henry Robles & Darla Lansu
February 10, 2015 (2015-02-10)
1.34[86]

80
7
"Fog and Storm and Rain"
Lea Thompson
William H. Brown
February 17, 2015 (2015-02-17)
1.25[87]

81
8
"Art Like Love is Dedication"
Jonathan Frakes
Linda Gase
February 24, 2015 (2015-02-24)
0.95[88]

82
9
"The Player's Choice"
David Paymer
Terrence Coli
March 3, 2015 (2015-03-03)
0.96[89]

83
10
"There is My Heart"
Norman Buckley
Lizzy Weiss & Bekah Brunstetter
March 10, 2015 (2015-03-10)
1.06[90]

84
11
"To Repel Ghosts"
Millicent Shelton
Lizzy Weiss
August 24, 2015 (2015-08-24)
0.98[91]

85
12
"How Does a Girl Like You Get to Be a Girl Like You"
Zetna Fuentes
Bekah Brunstetter
August 31, 2015 (2015-08-31)
0.87[92]

86
13
"Between Hope and Fear"
David Paymer
Lizzy Weiss & Dayna Lynne North
September 7, 2015 (2015-09-07)
0.99[93]

87
14
"We Mourn, We Weep, We Love Again"
Ron Lagomarsino
Henry Robles & Alexander Georgakis
September 14, 2015 (2015-09-14)
1.00[94]

88
15
"Instead of Damning the Darkness, It's Better to Light a Little Lantern"
Michael Lange
Linda Gase & Lizzy Weiss
September 21, 2015 (2015-09-21)
0.70[95]

89
16
"Borrowing Your Enemy's Arrows"
D. W. Moffett
William H. Brown
September 28, 2015 (2015-09-28)
0.76[96]

90
17
"To the Victor Belong the Spoils"
Jay Karas
T.J. Brady and Rasheed Newson
October 5, 2015 (2015-10-05)
0.79[97]

91
18
"The Accommodations of Desire"
Michael Grossman
Henry Robles & Dayna Lynne North
October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12)
0.75[98]

92
19
"A Mad Tea Party"
Carlos Gonzalez
Linda Gase
October 19, 2015 (2015-10-19)
0.95[99]

93
20
"And Always Searching for Beauty"
Melanie Mayron
Lizzy Weiss & Bekah Brunstetter
October 26, 2015 (2015-10-26)
0.83[100]

text: Season 5 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

94
1
"The Call"
Allan Arkush
Lizzy Weiss
January 31, 2017 (2017-01-31)
0.60[101]

95
2
"This Has to Do with Me"
D. W. Moffett
William H. Brown & Liz Sczudlo
February 7, 2017 (2017-02-07)
0.54[102]

96
3
"Surprise"
Stephen Tolkin
Terrence Coli & Colin Waite
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)
0.52[103]

97
4
"Relation of Lines and Colors"
Carlos González
Linda Gase & J.R. Phillips
February 21, 2017 (2017-02-21)
0.52[104]

98
5
"Occupy Truth"
Jeff Byrd
Talicia Raggs & Lizzy Weiss
February 28, 2017 (2017-02-28)
0.51[105]

99
6
"Four Ages in Life"
Janice Cooke
Terrence Coli & Lenn K. Rosenfeld
March 7, 2017 (2017-03-07)
0.44[106]

100
7
"Memory (The Heart)"
Lea Thompson
Linda Gase
March 21, 2017 (2017-03-21)
0.50[107]

101
8
"Left in Charge"
Dawn Wilkinson
Liz Sczudlo
March 28, 2017 (2017-03-28)
0.47[108]

102
9
"The Wolf is Waiting"
Jill D'Agnenica
Terrence Coli & William H. Brown
April 4, 2017 (2017-04-04)
0.43[109]

103
10
"Long Live Love"
Steve Miner
Lizzy Weiss & Linda Gase
April 11, 2017 (2017-04-11)
0.49[110]

text: Episodic viewership[edit]

text:
Season
Episode number

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

Season 1a
3.30
2.92
2.77
2.8
1.68
2.63
2.69
3.14
2.79
2.84
N/A

Season 1b
2.74
2.07
1.99
1.90
1.93
1.82
1.46
1.79
1.51
1.48
1.70
1.71
N/A

Season 1c
2.25
1.67
1.58
1.41
1.44
1.56
1.45
1.78
N/A

Season 2
1.70
1.65
1.74
1.76
1.79
1.65
1.52
1.69
1.63
1.75
1.66
1.62
1.76
1.61
2.02
1.75
1.76
1.76
1.68
1.60
1.96
N/A

Season 3
1.76
1.56
1.55
1.62
1.70
1.70
1.63
1.61
1.39
1.18
1.30
1.17
1.41
1.15
1.33
1.56
1.36
1.13
1.29
1.06
1.29
1.40

Season 4
1.29
1.15
1.21
1.30
1.24
1.34
1.25
0.95
0.96
1.06
0.98
0.87
0.99
1.00
0.70
0.76
0.79
0.75
0.95
0.83
N/A

Season 5
0.60
0.54
0.52
0.52
0.51
0.44
0.50
0.47
0.43
0.49
N/A


document_title: Area codes 613 and 343

question_text: where does the area code 613 come from

question_tokens: where does the area code 613 come from

text: Area codes 613 and 343

text: Area code 613 and overlay area code 343 are area codes for Ottawa and surrounding Eastern Ontario, Canada, in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP). 613 is one of the 86 original area codes in the NANP assigned in October 1947.

text: History[edit]

text: The 613 area originally covered all of Ontario with the exception of the Golden Horseshoe, which was in area code 416. The area code has been split twice.  In 1953, the Southwestern Ontario portion of 613 was combined with the western portion of 416 to become 519.  In 1957 the vast northwestern portion of 613 was combined with the northern portion of 519 to become area code 705. Since 1957, 613 covers only Eastern Ontario, an area extending from Brighton and Deep River eastward to Saint Regis, Quebec.

text: Ottawa and its twin city in Quebec, Gatineau fall on the boundary between 613 and Quebec's area code 819.   However, Ottawa shares a local calling area with the former city of Hull, Quebec (now part of the "megacity" of Gatineau).  As a result, for 46 years, a call could be completed between Ottawa and Hull with only seven digits. The "Ottawa–Carleton" region is now simply Ottawa. Amalgamation of the former cities of Ottawa, Gloucester, Nepean, Kanata,and Vanier, as well as the villages of Manotick and Osgoode, etc., created the "megacity" of Ottawa; likewise, the Outaouais municipalities of Aylmer, Hull, Gatineau, Masson-Angers, and Buckingham were amalgamated as Gatineau. This does not change the telephone rate centres. -->  A similar situation prevailed in the Washington metropolitan area across three jurisdictions – Washington itself and parts of Maryland and Virginia.

text: While there are fewer than two million people in the geographic area covered by 613, the bulk of that population lives in the Ottawa area.  To preserve seven-digit dialling between Ottawa and Hull, an exchange code protection scheme was implemented so that the same seven-digit local number could not be assigned on both sides of the National Capital Region. Technically, it was only necessary that no two prefixes within the same local calling area be duplicates, but the code protection as implemented reserved the numbers across an entire area code. This meant that if a 1-819 number was being used in Hull, the corresponding 1-613 number could not be used anywhere in eastern Ontario, even in areas a safe distance from the National Capital Region such as Brighton.  Similarly, if a 1-613 number was being used in Ottawa–Carleton, the corresponding 1-819 number could not be used anywhere in western Quebec.  Federal government offices in Hull duplicated their entire allocation of multiple exchanges worth of numbers available in 613 as part of a "dual dialability" scheme.

text: By the turn of the century, both 613 and 819 were close to exhaustion due to NANP's inefficient number allocation system.  Every competitive local exchange carrier received blocks of 10,000 numbers in every rate centre in which it planned to offer local service, no matter how small. A tiny unincorporated village (like Odessa, Ontario, with no telephone central office but still listed as a rate centre) usually received multiple 10,000 number blocks. Once a number is assigned to a rate centre and CLEC, it is unavailable for use elsewhere, even in cases when a rate centre has more numbers than it needs. Larger municipalities have multiple rate centres and multiple competing carriers in each. For instance, even though Ottawa has been a single municipality since merging with the Regional Municipality of Ottawa–Carleton in 2001, it still has 11 rate centres (plus portions of other rate centres primarily located beyond the city limits) – most with very similar local calling areas – which have never been amalgamated. The "Ottawa–Hull" exchange only covers the area that was the city of Ottawa prior to the 2001 amalgamation, plus the former suburbs of Nepean (central part) and Vanier and small sections of other urban communities.

text: These factors resulted in thousands of wasted numbers, and the proliferation of cell phones and pagers only magnified the problem.  By 2006, the only remaining unassigned exchange prefixes in the entire 819 region were numbers which could not be assigned to the Quebec side of the Ottawa–Hull area without breaking seven-digit dialling between Hull and Ottawa.

text: Ten-digit dialling in 613 and 819 became mandatory on October 21, 2006. Intraprovincial calls from rate centres with no local calling beyond a small fragment of their own area code were returning intercept messages if dialled as seven digits. Exchange protection in the National Capital Region was ended, except for the "dual dialability" scheme for government numbers on both sides of the river.[1]

text: Within two years, it became apparent that a new area code was necessary due to the continued number allocation problem – an issue exacerbated by the proliferation of cell phones and pagers.  A geographic split was quickly ruled out.  Local telephone companies did not want the expense and burden of changing existing customers' numbers, which would have required en masse reprogramming of cell phones.  As a result, overlay area codes were proposed for both 613 and 819.

text: Area code 343, an overlay proposed in 2007[2] and approved by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission on September 10, 2008,[3] was activated for the region on May 17, 2010,[4] several years earlier than originally anticipated.[5] Area code 753 has been reserved as a third code to overlay 613/343 with no set date of implementation.

text: Carriers[edit]

text: The main incumbent local exchange carrier in 613 is Bell Canada, although there are some five independent companies serving rural exchanges—the Lansdowne Rural Telephone Company serving Lansdowne;[6] the North Frontenac Telephone Company serving Sharbot Lake and Parham;[7] the North Renfrew Telephone Company serving Beachburg, Westmeath, and the area outside of Pembroke;[8] the Roxborough Telephone Company serving Moose Creek;[9] and the Westport Telephone Company serving Westport.[10]

text: Also served by area code 613 and Bell Canada is Saint Regis, Quebec, a native reservation bordering Fort Covington, New York which straddles the Ontario–Québec–New York border. St. Regis – Fort Covington is a local call, despite being international.[11]

text: Further west, Rapides-des-Joachims, Quebec shares an exchange with adjacent Rolphton, Ontario.[12]

text: Central office codes and communities in area code 613[edit]

text:
Adolphustown (Greater Napanee) – (613): 373
Addington Highlands (township): see Denbigh, Northbrook
Alexandria (North Glengarry) – (343): 432 474, (613): 525, 642
For the municipality "Alfred and Plantagenet", see Alfred and Plantagenet
Alfred (Alfred and Plantagenet) – (343): 371, 691, 789, (613): 605, 679, 708
Almonte – (343): 372, 760, (613): 256, 461
Arden (Central Frontenac) – (343): 268, (613): 335
Arnprior – (343): 373, 761, (613): 622, 623, 626
Athens – (613): 924, 927
Avonmore (North Stormont) – (343): 433, (613): 346
Bancroft – (343): 269, 357, 401, 476, 943, (613): 202, 303, 318, 332, 334, 412, 442, 553, 630
Barry's Bay – (613): 756
Bath (Loyalist Township) – (613): 351, 352, 881
Beachburg (Whitewater Region) – (613): 582
For the municipality of Belleville, see Belleville and Thurlow (former township now in the city)
Belleville – (343): 261, 263, 270, 355, 362, 600, 645, 889, (613): 210, 242, 243, 391, 403, 438, 480, 554, 661, 689, 707, 743, 771, 779, 813, 827, 847, 848, 849, 885, 902, 919, 920, 921, 922, 961, 962, 966, 967, 968, 969, 970
Bloomfield (Prince Edward County) – (613): 393
Bourget – (343): 374, 762, (613): 426, 487, 603
Brighton – (343): 271, (613): 439, 475, 481, 814
Brockville – (343): 225, 264, 300, 320, 327, 480, (613): 213, 246, 340, 341, 342, 345, 349, 423, 498, 499, 556, 640, 704, 802, 803, 865
Calabogie (Greater Madawaska) – (613): 752
Cardiff (Highlands East) – (613): 338
Cardinal (Edwardsburgh/Cardinal) – (613): 655, 657, 671
Carleton Place – (343): 213, 285, 375, 503, 763, (613): 250, 251, 253, 257, 418, 434, 451, 452, 456, 492, 508, 621, 964
Carp – (343): 376, 764, (613): 470, 839
Casselman – (343): 377, 765, (613): 427, 764
Central Frontenac (township): see Arden, Parham
Chalk River – (613): 589
Chesterville (North Dundas) – (343): 378, 766, (613): 436, 448
For the city "Clarence-Rockland", see Clarence Creek and Rockland
Clarence Creek (Clarence-Rockland) – (343): 379, 767, (613): 420, 488
Cobden – (613): 646, 647
Coe Hill (Wollaston) – (613): 337
Constance Bay (Ottawa) – (343): 380, 768, (613): 578, 832
Cornwall – (343): 288, 301, 330, 356, 370, 431, 444, 475, 585, 885, (613): 209, 330, 360, 361, 362, 363, 505, 551, 571, 577, 662, 703, 861, 870, 930, 931, 932, 933, 935, 936, 937, 938
Crysler (North Stormont) – (343): 381, (613): 987
Cumberland – (343): 382, 769, (613): 467, 517, 573, 833, 892
Deep River – (613): 584
Delta – (613): 616, 928
Denbigh (Addington Highlands) – (613): 333
Deseronto – (343): 265, (613): 309, 396
Douglas (Admaston/Bromley) – (613): 649
East Hawkesbury (township): see St. Eugene
Edwardsburgh/Cardinal (township): see Cardinal, Spencerville
Eganville – (613): 628
Elgin (Rideau Lakes) – (613): 359
Embrun – (343): 383, 770, (613): 370, 443, 557
Enterprise (Stone Mills) – (613): 358
Finch (North Stormont) – (343): 434, (613): 984
Foymount – (613): 754
Frankford (Quinte West) – (613): 398, 486
For the municipality of Frontenac Islands, see Wolfe Island, Kingston
Gananoque – (343): 479, (613): 381, 382, 463, 718, 815
Gilmour (Tudor and Cashel) – (613): 474
Glen Robertson (North Glengarry) – (343): 435, (613): 874
Gloucester (Ottawa) – (343): 384, 771, (613): 425, 455, 502, 822
Golden Lake (North Algona Wilberforce) – (613): 625
For Greater Madawaska (township), see Calabogie
For the municipality "Greater Napanee", see Adolphustown, Napanee, Selby
Harrowsmith – (613): 372
Hawkesbury – (343): 500, (613): 306, 307, 632, 636
Ingleside (South Stormont) – (343): 436, (613): 522, 537
Inverary (South Frontenac) – (613): 353, 653
Iroquois (South Dundas) – (343): 437, (613): 652, 669
Jockvale (Ottawa) – (343): 212, 303, 385, 772, (613): 440, 459, 512, 823, 825, 843
Kanata–Stittsville (Ottawa) – (343): 359 386 667 690, 773, (613): 254, 270, 271, 280, 287, 383, 435, 457, 509, 519, 576, 591, 592, 595, 599, 609, 663, 801, 831, 836, 886, 895, 963, 974, 977
Kemptville (North Grenville) – (343): 387, 774, (613): 215, 258, 713
Killaloe – (613): 757
Kingston – (343): 266, 290, 302, 333, 344, 358, 363, 364, 422, 477, 884, 989, (613): 214, 217, 305, 328, 329, 331, 344, 384, 389, 417, 449, 453, 483, 484, 507, 514, 530, 531, 532, 533, 536, 539, 540, 541, 542, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 561, 572, 583, 634, 650, 766, 767, 770, 776, 777, 817, 840, 856, 876, 877, 887, 888, 893, 900, 929, 985
L'Orignal (Champlain Township) – (343): 438, (613): 675
Lanark Highlands (township), see Lanark, McDonalds Corners
Lanark – (613): 259
Lancaster (South Glengarry) – (343): 439, (613): 313, 347
Lansdowne (Leeds and the Thousand Islands) – (613): 659
Leeds and the Thousand Islands (township): see Lansdowne, Mallorytown, Seeleys Bay
Long Sault (South Stormont) – (343): 440, (613): 534, 550
Loyalist Township, see Bath and Odessa
Maberly (Tay Valley) – (613): 268
Madoc – (343): 472, (613): 473, 666
Maitland – (613): 320, 348, 664
Mallorytown – (613): 923, 973
Manotick (Ottawa) – (343): 214, 388, 775, (613): 491, 692, 908
Marmora – (613): 472, 644
Martintown (South Glengarry) – (343): 441, (613): 528
Maxville (North Glengarry) – (343): 442, (613): 527
Maynooth (Hastings Highlands) – (613): 338
McDonalds Corners (Lanark Highlands) – (613): 278
Merrickville (Merrickville-Wolford) – (343) 340 389, (613): 269
Metcalfe (Ottawa) – (343) 390, 776, (613): 574, 821
Mississippi Mills (township): see Pakenham
Moose Creek (North Stormont) – (613): 538
Morrisburg – (343): 443, (613): 543, 643
Napanee (Greater Napanee) – (343): 267, 478, (613): 308, 354, 409, 462
Navan (Ottawa) – (343) 391, 778, (613): 429, 835
Newburgh (Stone Mills) – (613): 378
North Algona Wilberforce: see Golden Lake
North Augusta – (613): 665, 926
North Dundas (township): see Chesterville, South Mountain and Winchester
North Glengarry (township): see Alexandria, Glen Robertson, Maxville
North Gower (Ottawa) – (343): 392, 779, (613): 489, 493
North Stormont (township): see Avonmore, Crysler, Finch, Moose Creek
Northbrook (Addington Highlands) – (343): 272, 336
Odessa (Loyalist Township) – (613): 386, 896
Orleans (Ottawa) – (343): 221, 393, 780, (613): 424, 458, 510, 590, 824, 830, 834, 837, 841, 845
Osgoode (Ottawa) – (343): 394, 781, (613): 465, 469, 516, 826
In Ontario, the Ottawa–Hull exchange covers the pre-2001 city of Ottawa, from Nepean to Vanier only. For the municipality of Ottawa, see Ottawa–Hull, Constance Bay, Gloucester, Jockvale, Kanata, Manotick, Metcalfe, Navan, North Gower, Orléans, Osgoode.
Ottawa–Hull city centre – (343): 200, 201, 203, 244, 262, 291, 292, 360, 488, 540, 541, 542, 666, 688, 689, 700, 777, 882, 883, 887, 888, 925, 988, 998, 999, (613): 203, 204, 212, 216, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 244, 245, 247, 248, 249, 252, 255, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265, 266, 274, 276, 277, 282, 286, 288, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 301, 302, 304, 314, 315, 316, 317, 319, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 327, 350, 355, 356, 357, 364, 366, 368, 369, 371, 380, 400, 402, 404, 406, 407, 408, 410, 413, 415, 416, 421, 422, 437, 447, 454, 462. 482, 500, 501, 513, 514, 515, 518, 520, 521, 523, 526, 552, 558, 560, 562, 563, 564, 565, 566, 567, 569, 580, 581, 593, 594, 596, 597, 598, 600, 601, 604, 606, 607, 608, 612, 614, 615, 617, 618, 619, 620, 627, 656, 660, 667, 668, 670, 680, 683, 686, 688, 690, 691, 693, 694, 695, 696, 697, 698, 699, 700, 701, 702, 709, 710, 712, 714, 715, 716, 719, 720, 721, 722, 723, 724, 725, 726, 727, 728, 729, 730, 731, 733, 734, 736, 737, 738, 739, 740, 741, 742, 744, 745, 746, 747, 748, 749, 750, 751, 755, 759, 760, 761, 762, 763, 765, 768, 769, 773, 778, 780, 781, 782, 783, 784, 785, 786, 787, 788, 789, 790, 791, 792, 793, 794, 795, 796, 797, 798, 799, 800, 804, 805, 806, 807, 808, 809, 816, 818, 820, 828, 829, 842, 844, 850, 851, 852, 853, 854, 857, 858, 859, 860, 862, 863, 864, 866, 867, 868, 869, 875, 878, 880, 882, 883, 884, 889, 890, 891, 894, 897, 898, 899, 901, 903, 904, 907, 909, 910, 912, 913, 914, 915, 916, 917, 934, 940, 941, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 951, 952, 953, 954, 956, 957, 960, 971, 978, 979, 981, 983, 986, 990, 991, 992, 993, 994, 995, 996, 997, 998, 999, 934p, 939p, 953p, 956p, 994p, 997p
Pakenham (Mississippi Mills) – (343): 395, (613): 624
Palmer Rapids (Brudenell, Lyndoch and Raglan) – (613): 758
Parham (Central Frontenac) – (613): 375
Pembroke independent – (613): 638
Pembroke – (343): 369, 430, 544, (613): 281, 312, 401, 504, 559, 585, 602, 629, 631, 633, 635, 639, 717, 732, 735, 775
Perth – (343): 341, 400, 402, (613): 200, 201, 264, 267, 300, 326, 390, 464, 466, 714, 772, 812
Petawawa – (613): 506, 588, 685, 687
Picton (Prince Edward County) – (343): 222, (613): 471, 476, 503, 645, 654, 846, 906
Plantagenet (Alfred and Plantagenet) – (343): 396, 783, (613): 405, 673
Plevna (North Frontenac) – (343): 273, (613): 479
Portland (Rideau Lakes) – (613): 272, 972
Prescott – (613): 529, 918, 925, 975
For the municipality of Quinte West, see Frankford, Trenton and Wooler
Renfrew – (343): 361, (613): 431, 432, 433, 570
For the municipality of Prince Edward County, see Picton, Bloomfield, Wellington
Richmond – (343): 200, 397, 784, (613): 444, 838
Rideau Lakes (township): see Elgin, Portland
Rockland (Clarence-Rockland) – (343): 200, 398, 785, (613): 419, 446
Rolphton (Laurentian Hills) – (613): 586
Russell – (343): 399, 786, (613): 445, 496
Seeleys Bay (Leeds and the Thousand Islands) – (613): 387
Selby (Greater Napanee) – (613): 388
Sharbot Lake – (613): 279
Smiths Falls – (343): 800, 881, (613): 205, 206, 207, 283, 284, 285, 414, 418, 430, 485, 682, 706, 855, 980, 982, 988
South Dundas (township): see Iroquois, Morrisburg, Williamsburg
South Frontenac (township): see Harrowsmith, Inverary, Sydenham, Verona
South Glengarry (township): see Lancaster, Martintown
South Mountain (North Dundas) – (343): 345, (613): 989
South Stormont (township): see Ingleside, Long Sault
Spencerville (Edwardsburgh/Cardinal) – (613): 648, 658
Saint Regis (Akwesasane) – (343): 447, (613): 575
St. Eugene (East Hawkesbury) – (343): 445, (613): 674
St. Isidore – (343): 446, (613): 524
Stirling (Stirling–Rawdon) – (613): 395, 490
Stone Mills (township): see Enterprise, Newburgh, Yarker
Sydenham (South Frontenac) – (613): 376
Tamworth – (613): 379
Thurlow (Belleville) – (613): 477, 494
Toledo (Elizabethtown-Kitley) – (613): 275
Trenton (Quinte West) – (613): 208, 392, 394, 495, 651, 681, 955, 965
Tweed – (613): 478
Vankleek Hill – (343): 304, 448, 473 886, (613): 676, 677, 678, 684, 872
Verona (South Frontenac) – (613): 374
Wellington (Prince Edward County) – (613): 399
Westmeath (Whitewater Region) – (613): 587
Westport – (613): 273
Whitewater Region: see Beachburg, Westmeath
Whitney (South Algonquin) – (613): 637
Williamsburg (South Dundas) – (343): 449, (613): 535, 641
Winchester (North Dundas) – (343) 346, 787, (613): 441, 774
Wolfe Island (Frontenac Islands) – (613): 385
Wollaston: see Coe Hill
Wooler (Quinte West) – (613): 397, 497
Yarker (Stone Mills) – (613): 377
shared-cost service – (613): 310

text: p = Protected against assignment in both 819 and 613 – Government of Canada offices