document_title: The Lion King

question_text: where do the lions in the lion king live

text: The Lion King

text: Plot

text: In the Pride Lands of Africa, a lion rules over the animal kingdom from Pride Rock. King Mufasa's newborn son, Simba, is presented to the assembled animals by Rafiki, a mandrill who serves as shaman and advisor. Mufasa shows young Simba the Pride Lands and explains to him the responsibilities of kingship and the "circle of life", which connects all living things. Mufasa's younger brother, Scar, covets the throne, and plots to kill Mufasa and Simba, so he can become king. He tricks Simba and his best friend Nala (whom Zazu reveals is betrothed to Simba) into exploring a forbidden elephants' graveyard, where they are attacked by three spotted hyenas who are in league with Scar. Mufasa is alerted to the danger by his majordomo, the hornbill Zazu, and rescues the cubs. Though upset with Simba, Mufasa forgives him and explains that the great kings of the past watch over them from the night sky, from which he will one day watch over Simba.

text: Scar sets a trap for his brother and nephew, luring Simba into a gorge and having the hyenas drive a large herd of wildebeest into a stampede that will trample him. He informs Mufasa of Simba's danger, knowing the king will rush to save his son. Mufasa saves Simba, but ends up hanging perilously from the gorge's edge, and is betrayed by Scar, who sends him falling to his death. Scar convinces Simba that the tragedy was Simba's own fault and advises him to flee the kingdom. He orders the hyenas to kill the cub, but Simba manages to escape. Scar tells the pride that both Mufasa and Simba were killed in the stampede and steps forward as the new king, allowing a large pack of hyenas to live in the Pride Lands.

text: Simba collapses in a desert, but is rescued by Timon and Pumbaa, a meerkat and warthog, who are fellow outcasts. Simba grows up in the jungle with his two new friends, living a carefree life under the motto "hakuna matata" ("no worries" in Swahili). Now an adult, Simba rescues Timon and Pumbaa from a hungry lioness, who turns out to be Nala. She and Simba reunite and fall in love, and she urges him to return home, telling him the Pride Lands have become a drought-stricken wasteland under Scar's reign. Feeling guilty over his father's death, Simba refuses and runs off. Simba encounters Rafiki, who tells him that he does not know who he is. Rafiki reminds Simba that he is Mufasa's son and Mufasa' spirit lives on in Simba. Simba is then visited by the ghost of Mufasa in the night sky, who tells him he must claim his rightful place as king. Realizing he can no longer run from his past, Simba chooses to return home.

text: Aided by his friends, Simba sneaks past the hyenas at Pride Rock and confronts Scar. Scar taunts him over his role in Mufasa's death and forces him to the edge of the rock, where he reveals to Simba that he murdered Mufasa. Enraged, Simba pins Scar to the ground and forces him to reveal the truth to the rest of the pride. Timon, Pumbaa, Rafiki, Zazu, and the lionesses fend off the hyenas while Scar, attempting to escape, is cornered by Simba at the top of Pride Rock. Scar begs for mercy and even attempts to blame the hyenas for his actions; Simba spares his life but orders him to leave the Pride Lands forever. Scar then attacks his nephew, but Simba manages to toss him from the top of the rock. Scar survives the fall, but is attacked, slain, and eaten by the hyenas, who overheard his attempt to betray them.[3] With his enemies gone, Simba takes over the kingship as the rains begin to fall, restoring life to the land.

text: Later, with Pride Rock restored to its former glory, Rafiki presents Simba and Nala's newborn cub to the assembled animals, continuing the circle of life.

text: Cast

text:
Matthew Broderick as Simba, son of Mufasa and Sarabi, who grows up to become King of the Pride Lands. Rock singer Joseph Williams provided adult Simba's singing voice. Mark Henn and Ruben A. Aquino respectively served as the supervising animators for young and adult Simba.[4]

Jonathan Taylor Thomas voiced young Simba, while Jason Weaver provided the cub's singing voice.[4]

Jeremy Irons as Scar, Mufasa's younger brother and Simba's uncle, who takes the throne. Andreas Deja served as the supervising animator for Scar.[4]
James Earl Jones as Mufasa, Simba's father, King of the Pride Lands as the film begins. Tony Fucile served as the supervising animator for Mufasa.[4]
Moira Kelly as Nala, Simba's best friend and later his wife. Sally Dworsky provided her singing voice. Aaron Blaise and Anthony de Rosa respectively served as the supervising animators for young and adult Nala.[4]

Niketa Calame provided the voice of young Nala while Laura Williams provided her singing voice.[4]

Nathan Lane as Timon, a wise-cracking and self-absorbed yet somewhat loyal meerkat who becomes one of Simba's best friends and adoptive parents. Michael Surrey served as his supervising animator.[4]
Ernie Sabella as Pumbaa, a naïve warthog who suffers from flatulence and is Timon's best friend and also becomes one of Simba's best friends and adoptive parents. Tony Bancroft served as his supervising animator.[4]
Robert Guillaume as Rafiki, a wise old mandrill (although, while counseling Simba, he jokes that "you are a baboon, and I am not") who serves as shaman of the Pride Lands and presents newborn cubs of the King and Queen to the animals of the Pride Lands. James Baxter served as the supervising animator for Rafiki.[4]
Rowan Atkinson as Zazu, a hornbill who serves as the king's majordomo (or "Mufasa's little stooge", as Shenzi calls him). Ellen Woodbury served as the supervising animator for Zazu.[4]
Madge Sinclair as Sarabi, Mufasa's mate, Simba's mother, and the leader of the lioness hunting party. Russ Edmonds served as the supervising animator for Sarabi.[4]
The three hyenas who serve Scar were animated by Alex Kupershmidt and David Burgess.[4]

Whoopi Goldberg as Shenzi, the sassy and short-tempered female leader of the trio.
Cheech Marin as Banzai, an aggressive and hot-headed hyena prone to complaining and acting on impulse.
Jim Cummings as Ed, a dim-witted hyena who does not talk, only communicating through laughter. Cummings also voiced a mole that talks with Zazu and made a guest appearance as Scar in certain lines of "Be Prepared" after Irons blew his voice.[5]

Zoe Leader as Sarafina, Nala's mother, who is shown briefly talking to Simba's mother, Sarabi.

text: Production

text: Development

text: The idea for The Lion King was conceived in late 1988 during a conversation between Jeffrey Katzenberg, Roy E. Disney and Peter Schneider on a plane to Europe to promote Oliver & Company. During the conversation, the topic of a story set in Africa came up, and Katzenberg immediately jumped at the idea.[6] The idea was then developed by Walt Disney Feature Animation's vice president for creative affairs Charlie Fink.[7] Katzenberg decided to add elements involving coming of age and death, and ideas from personal life experiences, such as some of his trials in his bumpy road in politics, saying about the film, "It is a little bit about myself."[8] In November of that year Thomas Disch (author of The Brave Little Toaster) wrote a treatment entitled King of the Kalahari,[9] and afterwards, Linda Woolverton spent a year writing drafts of the script, which was titled King of the Beasts and then King of the Jungle.[7] The original version of the film was very different from the final film. The plot was centered in a battle being between lions and baboons with Scar being the leader of the baboons, Rafiki being a cheetah,[8] and Timon and Pumbaa being Simba's childhood friends.[10] Simba would also not leave the kingdom but become a "lazy, slovenly, horrible character" due to manipulations from Scar, so Simba could be overthrown after coming of age. By 1990, producer Thomas Schumacher, who had just completed The Rescuers Down Under, decided to attach himself to the project "because lions are cool".[7] Schumacher likened the script for King of the Jungle to "an animated National Geographic special".[11]

text: Oliver & Company director George Scribner was the initial director of the film,[12] being later joined by Roger Allers, who was the lead story man on Beauty and the Beast in October 1991.[6] Allers brought with him Brenda Chapman, who would become the head of story.[7] Afterwards, several of the lead crew members, including Allers, Scribner, Hahn, Chapman, and production designer Chris Sanders, took a trip to Hell's Gate National Park in Kenya, in order to study and gain an appreciation of the environment for the film.[13] After six months of story development work Scribner decided to leave the project, as he clashed with Allers and the producers on their decision to turn the film into a musical, as Scribner's intention was of making a documentary-like film more focused on natural aspects.[6][14] Rob Minkoff replaced Scribner,[13] and producer Don Hahn joined the production as Schumacher became only an executive producer due to Disney promoting him to Vice President of Development for Feature Animation.[11] Hahn found the script unfocused and lacking a clear theme, and after establishing the main theme as "leaving childhood and facing up to the realities of the world", asked for a final retool. Allers, Minkoff, Chapman and Hahn then rewrote the story across two weeks of meetings with directors Kirk Wise and Gary Trousdale, who had just finished Beauty and the Beast.[13] The script also had its title changed from King of the Jungle to The Lion King, as the setting was not the jungle but the savannah.[6]

text: The Lion King was the first Disney animated feature to be an original story, rather than be based on an already existing work. The filmmakers have said that the story of The Lion King was inspired by the lives of Joseph and Moses, from the Bible, and William Shakespeare's Hamlet.[15] During the summer of 1992, the team was joined by screenwriter Irene Mecchi, with a second screenwriter, Jonathan Roberts, joining a few months later. Mecchi and Roberts took charge of the revision process, fixing unresolved emotional issues in the script and adding comic business for Pumbaa, Timon, and the hyenas.[4] Lyricist Tim Rice worked closely with the writing team, flying to California at least once a month because his songs needed to work in the narrative continuity. Rice's lyrics—which were reworked up to the production's end—were pinned to the storyboards during development.[13] Rewrites were frequent, with animator Andreas Deja saying that completed scenes would be delivered, only for the response to be that parts needed to be reanimated because of dialog changes.[7]

text: Casting

text: The voice actors were chosen for how they fit and could add to the characters—for instance, James Earl Jones was cast because the directors found his voice "powerful" and similar to a lion's roar.[16] Jones commented that during the years of production, Mufasa "became more and more of a dopey dad instead of [a] grand king".[17]

text: Nathan Lane originally auditioned for Zazu, and Ernie Sabella, for one of the hyenas. Upon meeting each other at the recording studio, the actors, who at the time both co-starred in Guys and Dolls, were asked to record together as hyenas. The directors laughed at their performance and decided to cast them as Timon and Pumbaa.[16][18] For the hyenas, the original intention was to reunite Cheech & Chong, but while Cheech Marin accepted to play Banzai, Tommy Chong was unavailable. Thus his role was changed into a female hyena, Shenzi, who was voiced by Whoopi Goldberg.[10]

text: Matthew Broderick was cast as adult Simba early during production, and during the three years of voice acting only recorded with another actor once, and only discovered Moira Kelly voiced Nala at the premiere.[19] English actors Tim Curry and Malcolm McDowell were originally considered for the role of Scar,[20] however, Curry left the role due to Home Alone 2: Lost in New York, and it was ultimately won by English actor Jeremy Irons.[21] Irons had at first refused the role due to not being comfortable going from the dramatic performance as Claus von Bülow in Reversal of Fortune to a comedic role. But once he came in, Irons' performance even inspired the writers to incorporate more of his acting as von Bülow—adding one of that character's lines, "You have no idea"—and animator Andreas Deja to watch both Reversal of Fortune and Damage to pick up Irons's facial traits and tics.[17][22]

text: Animation

text:
"The Lion King was considered a little movie because we were going to take some risks. The pitch for the story was a lion cub gets framed for murder by his uncle set to the music of Elton John. People said, 'What? Good luck with that.' But for some reason, the people who ended up on the movie were highly passionate about it and motivated."

Don Hahn[18]

tag: div

text: The development of The Lion King coincided with that of Pocahontas, which most of the animators of Walt Disney Feature Animation decided to work on instead, believing it would be the more prestigious and successful of the two.[15] The story artists also did not have much faith in the project, with Chapman declaring she was reluctant to accept the job "because the story wasn't very good",[7] and writer Burny Mattinson saying to co-worker Joe Ranft "I don't know who is going to want to watch that one."[14] Most of the leading animators either were doing their first major work supervising a character, or had much interest in animating an animal.[8] Thirteen of these supervising animators, both in California and in Florida, were responsible for establishing the personalities and setting the tone for the film's main characters. The animation leads for the main characters included Mark Henn on young Simba, Ruben A. Aquino on adult Simba, Andreas Deja on Scar, Aaron Blaise on young Nala, Anthony DeRosa on adult Nala, and Tony Fucile on Mufasa.[4] Nearly 20 minutes of the film, including the "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" sequence,[10] were animated at the Disney-MGM Studios facility. More than 600 artists, animators, and technicians contributed to The Lion King.[12] Weeks before the film was to be released, the 1994 Northridge earthquake shut down the studio and required the animators to finish their work from home.[23]

text: The character animators studied real-life animals for reference, as was done for the 1942 Disney film Bambi. Jim Fowler, renowned wildlife expert, visited the studios on several occasions with an assortment of lions and other savannah inhabitants to discuss behavior and help the animators give their drawings authenticity.[13] The animators also studied animal movements at the Miami MetroZoo under guidance from wildlife expert Ron Magill.[24] The Pride Lands are modeled on the Kenyan national park visited by the crew. Varied focal lengths and lenses were employed to differ from the habitual portrayal of Africa in documentaries—which employ telephoto lenses to shoot the wildlife from a distance. The epic feel drew inspiration from concept studies by artist Hans Bacher—which, following Scribner's request for realism, tried to depict effects such as lens flare—and the works of painters Charles Marion Russell, Frederic Remington and Maxfield Parrish.[13][25] Because the characters were not anthropomorphized, all the animators had to learn to draw four-legged animals, and the story and character development was done through use of longer shots following the characters.[10]

text: Computers helped the filmmakers present their vision in new ways. For the "wildebeest stampede" sequence, several distinct wildebeest characters were created in a 3D computer program, multiplied into hundreds, cel shaded to look like drawn animation, and given randomized paths down a mountainside to simulate the real, unpredictable movement of a herd.[26] Five specially trained animators and technicians spent more than two years creating the two-and-a-half-minute stampede.[4] The CAPS helped simulate camera movements such as tracking shots, and was employed in coloring, lighting, and particle effects.[10]

text: Music

text: Lyricist Tim Rice, who was working with composer Alan Menken on songs for Aladdin, was invited to write the songs, and accepted on the condition of finding a composing partner. As Menken was unavailable, the producers accepted Rice's suggestion of Elton John,[16] after Rice's invitation of ABBA fell through due to Benny Andersson being busy with the musical Kristina från Duvemåla.[8] John expressed an interest in writing "ultra-pop songs that kids would like; then adults can go and see those movies and get just as much pleasure out of them", mentioning a possible influence of The Jungle Book, where he felt the "music was so funny and appealed to kids and adults".[27]

text: John and Rice wrote five original songs for the film ("Circle of Life", "I Just Can't Wait to Be King", "Be Prepared", "Hakuna Matata" and "Can You Feel the Love Tonight"), with John's performance of "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" playing over the end credits.[28] The IMAX and DVD releases added another song, "The Morning Report", based on a song discarded during development that eventually featured in the live musical version of The Lion King.[29] The score was composed by Hans Zimmer, who was hired based on his work in two films in African settings, The Power of One and A World Apart,[13] and supplemented the score with traditional African music and choir elements arranged by Lebo M.[28] Zimmer's partners Mark Mancina and Jay Rifkin helped with arrangements and song production.[30]

text: The Lion King original motion picture soundtrack was released by Walt Disney Records on July 13, 1994. It was the fourth-best-selling album of the year on the Billboard 200 and the top-selling soundtrack.[31] It is the only soundtrack for an animated film to be certified Diamond (10× platinum) by the Recording Industry Association of America. Zimmer's complete instrumental score for the film was never originally given a full release, until the soundtrack's commemorative 20th anniversary re-release in 2014.[32] The Lion King also inspired the 1995 release Rhythm of the Pride Lands, with eight songs by Zimmer, Mancina, and Lebo M.[33]

text: The use of the song "The Lion Sleeps Tonight" in a scene with Timon and Pumbaa led to disputes between Disney and the family of South African Solomon Linda, who composed the song (originally titled "Mbube") in 1939. In July 2004, Linda's family filed suit, seeking $1.6 million in royalties from Disney. In February 2006, Linda's heirs reached a legal settlement with Abilene Music, who held the worldwide rights and had licensed the song to Disney for an undisclosed amount of money.[34]

text: Release

text: For The Lion King's first film trailer, Disney opted to feature a single scene, the entire opening sequence with the song "Circle of Life". Buena Vista Pictures Distribution president Dick Cook said the decision was made for such an approach because "we were all so taken by the beauty and majesty of this piece that we felt like it was probably one of the best four minutes of film that we've seen", and Don Hahn added that "Circle of Life" worked as a trailer as it "came off so strong, and so good, and ended with such a bang". The trailer was released in November 1993, accompanying The Three Musketeers in theaters, as only a third of The Lion King had been completed.[35][36] Audience reaction was enthusiastic, causing Hahn to have some initial concerns as he became afraid of not living up to the expectations raised by the preview.[35] Prior to the film's release, Disney did 11 test screenings.[37]

text: Upon release, The Lion King was accompanied by an extensive marketing campaign which included tie-ins with Burger King, Mattel, Kodak, Nestlé and Payless ShoeSource, and various merchandise,[38] accounting 186 licensed products.[39][40] In 1994, Disney earned approximately $1 billion with products based on the film,[41] with $214 million for Lion King toys during Christmas 1994 alone.[42]

text: Home media

text: The Lion King was first released on VHS and laserdisc in the United States on March 3, 1995, under Disney's "Masterpiece Collection" video series. The VHS tape contained a special preview for Walt Disney Pictures' then-upcoming animated film Pocahontas, in which the title character (voiced by Judy Kuhn) sings the musical number "Colors of the Wind".[43] In addition, Deluxe Editions of both formats were released. The VHS Deluxe Edition included the film, an exclusive lithograph of Rafiki and Simba (in some editions), a commemorative "Circle of Life" epigraph, six concept art lithographs, another tape with the half-hour TV show The Making of The Lion King, and a certificate of authenticity. The CAV laserdisc Deluxe Edition also contained the film, six concept art lithographs and The Making of The Lion King, and added storyboards, character design artwork, concept art, rough animation, and a directors' commentary that the VHS edition did not have, on a total of four double sided discs. The VHS tape quickly became the best-selling videotape of all time: 4.5 million tapes were sold on the first day[44] and ultimately sales totaled more than 30 million[45] before these home video versions went into moratorium in 1997.[46]

text: On October 7, 2003, the film was re-released on VHS and released on DVD for the first time, titled The Lion King: Platinum Edition, as part of Disney's Platinum Edition line of animated classic DVDs. The DVD release featured two versions of the film on the first disc, a remastered version created for the 2002 IMAX release and an edited version of the IMAX release purporting to be the original 1994 theatrical version.[47] A second disc, with bonus features, was also included in the DVD release. The film's soundtrack was provided both in its original Dolby 5.1 track and in a new Disney Enhanced Home Theater Mix, making this one of the first Disney DVDs so equipped.[48] By means of seamless branching, the film could be viewed either with or without a newly created scene – a short conversation in the film replaced with a complete song ("The Morning Report"). A Special Collector's Gift Set was also released, containing the DVD set, five exclusive lithographed character portraits (new sketches created and signed by the original character animators), and an introductory book entitled The Journey.[46] The Platinum Edition of The Lion King featured changes made to the film during its IMAX re-release, including re-drawn crocodiles in the "I Just Can't Wait to Be King" sequence as well as other alterations.[47] More than two million copies of the Platinum Edition DVD and VHS units were sold on the first day of release.[44] A DVD boxed set of the three The Lion King films (in two-disc Special Edition formats) was released on December 6, 2004. In January 2005, the film, along with the sequels, went back into moratorium.[49]

text: Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the Diamond Edition of The Lion King on October 4, 2011.[50] This marks the time that the film has been released in high-definition Blu-ray and on Blu-ray 3D.[50][51] The initial release was produced in three different packages: a two-disc version with Blu-ray and DVD; a four-disc version with Blu-ray, DVD, Blu-ray 3D, and digital copy; and an eight-disc box set that also includes the sequels The Lion King 2: Simba's Pride and The Lion King 1½.[50][51] A standalone single-disc DVD release also followed on November 15, 2011.[50] The Diamond Edition topped the Blu-ray charts with over 1.5 million copies sold.[52] The film sold 3.83 million Blu-ray units in total, leading to a $101.14 million income.[53]

text: The Lion King was once again released to home media as part of the Walt Disney Signature Collection;[54] first released on Digital HD on August 15, 2017 and on Blu-ray and DVD on August 29, 2017.[55]

text: Reception

text: Box office

text: The Lion King earned $422,783,777 in North America and an $545,700,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $968,483,777.[2] It is currently the 29th highest-grossing film,[56] the seventh highest-grossing animated film of all time worldwide and the third highest-grossing film of Walt Disney Animation Studios (behind Frozen and Zootopia).[57] The film was also the highest-grossing motion picture of 1994 worldwide.[58] After its initial run, having earned $763.4 million,[59] it ranked as the second-highest-grossing film of all time worldwide, behind Jurassic Park .[60] It held the record for the highest-grossing animated feature film (in North America, outside North America, and worldwide) until it was surpassed by the computer animated Finding Nemo (2003), Shrek 2 (2004), Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs (2009), and Toy Story 3 (2010) prior to the 2011 re-release. With the earnings of the 3D run, The Lion King surpassed all the aforementioned films but Toy Story 3 to rank as the second-highest-grossing animated film worldwide—later downgraded to sixth after Frozen (2013), Minions (2015), and Zootopia (2016)—and it remains the highest-grossing hand-drawn animated film.[61] It is also the biggest animated movie of the last 50 years in terms of estimated attendance.[62]

text: Original theatrical run

text: The Lion King had a limited release in North America on June 15, 1994, playing in only two theaters, El Capitan Theater in Los Angeles and Radio City Music Hall in New York City.[63] It still earned $1,586,753 across the weekend of June 17–19, standing at the tenth place of the box office ranking.[64] The average of $793,377 per theater stands as the largest ever achieved during a weekend.[65] The wide release followed on June 24, 1994, in 2,550 screens. The digital surround sound of the film led many of those theaters to implement Dolby Laboratories' newest sound systems.[66] The Lion King grossed $40.9 million – which at the time was the fourth biggest opening weekend earning ever and the highest sum for a Disney film  – to top the weekend box office.[12] It also earned a rare "A+" rating from CinemaScore.[67] By the end of its theatrical run, in spring 1995, it had earned $312,855,561,[2] being the second-highest-grossing 1994 film in North America behind Forrest Gump.[68] Outside North America, it earned $455.8 million during its initial run, for a worldwide total of $768.6 million.[59] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 74 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.[69]

text: Re-releases

text: IMAX and large-format

text: The film was re-issued on December 25, 2002 for IMAX and large-format theaters. Don Hahn explained that eight years after The Lion King got its original release, "there was a whole new generation of kids who haven't really seen it, particularly on the big screen." Given the film had already been digitally archived during production, the restoration process was easier, while also providing many scenes with enhancements that covered up original deficiencies.[37][70] An enhanced sound mix was also provided to, as Hahn explained, "make the audience feel like they're in the middle of the movie."[37] On its first weekend, The Lion King made $2.7 million from 66 locations, a $27,664 per theater average. This run ended with $15,686,215 on May 30, 2003.[71]

text: 3D conversion

text: In 2011, The Lion King was converted to 3D for a two-week limited theatrical re-issue and subsequent 3D Blu-ray release.[50][72] The film opened at the number one spot on Friday, September 16, 2011 with $8.9 million[73] and finished the weekend with $30.2 million, ranking number one at the box office. This made The Lion King the first re-issue release to earn the number-one slot at the American weekend box office since the re-issue of Return of the Jedi in March 1997.[61] The film also achieved the fourth-highest September opening weekend of all time.[74] It held off very well on its second weekend, again earning first place at the box office with a 27 percent decline to $21.9 million.[75] Most box-office observers had expected the film to fall about 50 percent in its second weekend and were also expecting Moneyball to be at first place.[76]

text: After its initial box-office success, many theaters decided to continue to show the film for more than two weeks, even though its 3D Blu-ray release was scheduled for two-and-a-half weeks after its theatrical release.[75] In North America, the 3D re-release ended its run in theaters on January 12, 2012 with a gross $94,242,001. Outside North America, it earned $83,400,000.[77] The successful 3D re-release of The Lion King made Disney and Pixar plan 3D theatrical re-releases of Beauty and the Beast, Finding Nemo, Monsters, Inc., and The Little Mermaid during 2012 and 2013.[78] However, none of the re-releases of the first three films achieved the enormous success of The Lion King 3D and theatrical re-release of The Little Mermaid was ultimately cancelled.[79] In 2012, Ray Subers of Box Office Mojo wrote that the reason why the 3D version of The Lion King succeeded was because, "the notion of a 3D re-release was still fresh and exciting, and The Lion King (3D) felt timely given the movie's imminent Blu-ray release. Audiences have been hit with three 3D re-releases in the year since, meaning the novelty value has definitely worn off."[80]

text: Critical response

text: The Lion King was released to critical acclaim. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 91%, based on 113 reviews, with an average rating of 8.3 out of 10. It also ranked 56th on their "Top 100 Animation Movies".[81] The site's critical consensus reads, "Emotionally stirring, richly drawn, and beautifully animated, The Lion King stands tall within Disney's pantheon of classic family films."[82] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 83 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[83] CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare "A+" grade.[84]

text: Roger Ebert gave it 3 1/2 out of 4-stars and called the film "a superbly drawn animated feature" and, in his print review wrote, "The saga of Simba, which in its deeply buried origins owes something to Greek tragedy and certainly to Hamlet, is a learning experience as well as an entertainment."[85] On the television program Siskel & Ebert, the film was praised but received a mixed reaction when compared to previous Disney films. Ebert and his partner Gene Siskel both gave the film a "Thumbs Up" but Siskel said that it was not as good as earlier films such as Beauty and the Beast and was "a good film, not a great one".[86] Hal Hinson of The Washington Post called it "an impressive, almost daunting achievement" and felt that the film was "spectacular in a manner that has nearly become commonplace with Disney's feature-length animations", but was less enthusiastic toward the end of his review saying, "Shakespearean in tone, epic in scope, it seems more appropriate for grown-ups than for kids. If truth be told, even for adults it is downright strange."[87]

text: Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly praised the film, writing that it "has the resonance to stand not just as a terrific cartoon but as an emotionally pungent movie".[88] Rolling Stone film critic Peter Travers praised the film and felt that it was "a hugely entertaining blend of music, fun and eye-popping thrills, though it doesn't lack for heart".[89] James Berardinelli from ReelViews praised the film saying, "With each new animated release, Disney seems to be expanding its already-broad horizons a little more. The Lion King is the most mature (in more than one sense) of these films, and there clearly has been a conscious effort to please adults as much as children. Happily, for those of us who generally stay far away from 'cartoons', they have succeeded."[90]

text: Some reviewers still had problems with the film's narrative. The staff of TV Guide wrote that while The Lion King was technically proficient and entertaining, it "offers a less memorable song score than did the previous hits, and a hasty, unsatisfying dramatic resolution."[91] The New Yorker's Terrence Rafferty considered that despite the good animation, the story felt like "manipulat[ing] our responses at will", as "Between traumas, the movie serves up soothingly banal musical numbers and silly, rambunctious comedy".[92]

text: Accolades

text: The Lion King received four Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations. The film would go on to win two Golden Globes; for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy and Best Original Score,[93] as well as two Academy Awards, for Best Original Score (Hans Zimmer) and Best Original Song with "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" by Elton John and Tim Rice.[94] The songs "Circle of Life" and "Hakuna Matata" were also nominated.[94] "Can You Feel the Love Tonight" also won the Grammy Award for Best Male Vocal Performance.[95] The Lion King also won Annie Awards for Best Animated Feature, Best Achievement in Voice Acting (for Jeremy Irons) and Best Individual Achievement for Story Contribution in the Field of Animation.[96]

text: At the Saturn Awards, the film was nominated in two categories, Best Fantasy Film and Best Performance by a Younger Actor although it did not win in either category.[97] The film also received two nominations at the British Academy Film Awards, for Best Sound as well as the Anthony Asquith Award for Film Music although it lost in both categories to Speed and Backbeat respectively.[98] The film received two BMI Film & TV Awards for Film Music and Most Performed Song with "Can You Feel the Love Tonight."[99] At the 1995 MTV Movie Awards, the film received nominations for Best Villain and Best Song, though it lost in both categories.[100] The Lion King won the Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie at the 1995 Kids' Choice Awards.[101]

text: In 2008, The Lion King was ranked as the 319th greatest film ever made by Empire magazine,[102] and in June 2011, TIME named it one of "The 25 All-TIME Best Animated Films".[103] In June 2008, the American Film Institute listed The Lion King as the fourth best film in the animation genre in its AFI's 10 Top 10 list,[104] having previously put "Hakuna Matata" as 99th on its AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs ranking.[105]

text: In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

text: Controversies

text: Certain elements of the film were considered to bear a resemblance to a 1960s Japanese anime television series, Jungle Emperor (known as Kimba the White Lion in the United States), with characters having similar analogues, and various individual scenes being similar in composition to the show. Matthew Broderick believed initially that he was, in fact, working on an American version of Kimba since he was familiar with the Japanese original.[106] However, The Lion King director, Roger Allers, claimed he was unfamiliar with the show:

text: The whole time I worked on The Lion King the name of that show never came up. At least I never heard it. I had never seen the show and really only became aware of it as Lion King was being completed, and someone showed me images of it. I worked with George Scribner and Linda Woolverton to develop the story in the early days but then left to help out on Aladdin. If one of them were familiar with Kimba they didn't say. Of course, it's possible... Many story ideas developed and changed along the way, always just to make our story stronger. I could certainly understand Kimba's creators feeling angry if they felt we had stolen ideas from them. If I had been inspired by Kimba I would certainly acknowledge my inspiration. All I can offer is my respect to those artists and say that their creation has its loyal admirers and its assured place in animation history.[107]

text: Co-director Rob Minkoff also stated that he was unfamiliar with it: "I know for a fact that [Kimba] has never been discussed as long as I've been on the project... In my experience, if Disney becomes aware of anything like that, they say you will not do it. People are claiming copyright infringement all the time." He also stated that whenever a story is based in Africa, it is "not unusual to have characters like a baboon, a bird or hyenas."[108] Yoshihiro Shimizu, of Tezuka Productions, which created Kimba the White Lion, has refuted rumors that the studio was paid hush money by Disney but explains that they rejected urges from within the industry to sue because, "we're a small, weak company. It wouldn't be worth it anyway ... Disney's lawyers are among the top twenty in the world!"[109]

text: Protests were raised against one scene where it appears as if the word "SEX" might have been embedded into the dust flying in the sky when Simba flops down,[110] which conservative activist Donald Wildmon asserted was a subliminal message intended to promote sexual promiscuity. One of the animators, Tom Sito, has stated that the letters spell "SFX" (a common abbreviation for "special effects"), not with an "E" instead of the "F", and were intended as an innocent "signature" created by the effects animation team.[111]

text: Hyena biologists protested against the animal's portrayal: one hyena researcher sued Disney studios for defamation of character,[112] and another—who had organized the animators' visit to the University of California's Field Station for Behavioural Research, where they would observe and sketch captive hyenas—[113] included boycotting The Lion King among the ways it would help preserve hyenas in the wild.[114] The hyenas have also been interpreted to represent an anti-immigrant allegory, where the hyenas would be black and Latino ethnic communities.[115][116][117][118] The film has also been criticised for advancing a fascist narrative in its portrayal of the lion kingdom and the circle of life where "only the strong and the beautiful triumph, and the powerless survive only by serving the strong."[119]

text: Legacy

text: Sequels and spin-offs

text: The first Lion King-related animated projects involved the characters of Timon and Pumbaa. First, the duo starred in the animated short "Stand by Me", featuring Timon singing the eponymous song, which was released in 1995 accompanying the theatrical release of Tom and Huck. The duo then received their own animated series, The Lion King's Timon and Pumbaa, which ran for three seasons and 85 episodes between 1995 and 1999. Ernie Sabella continued to voice Pumbaa, while Timon was voiced by Quinton Flynn and Kevin Schon in addition to Nathan Lane.[120]

text: Disney released two direct-to-video films related to The Lion King. The first was sequel The Lion King II: Simba's Pride, released in 1998 on VHS. The film centers around Simba and Nala's daughter, Kiara, who falls in love with Kovu, a male lion who was raised in a pride of Scar's followers, the Outsiders.[121] 2004 saw the release of another Lion King film on DVD, The Lion King 1½. It is a prequel in showing how Timon and Pumbaa met each other, and also a parallel in that it also depicts what the characters were retconned to have done during the events of the original movie.[122]

text: In June 2014, it was announced that a new TV series based on the film would be released called The Lion Guard, featuring Kion, the second-born cub of Simba and Nala. The Lion Guard is a sequel to The Lion King and takes place during the time-gap within The Lion King II: Simba's Pride.[123] It was first broadcast on Disney Channel as a television film titled The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar in November 2015 before airing as a series on Disney Junior in January 2016.[124][125]

text: CGI live-action remake

text: In September 2016, following the critical and financial success of The Jungle Book, Walt Disney Pictures announced that they were developing a CGI created live-action remake of The Lion King by the same name, with Jon Favreau directing.[126] The following month, Jeff Nathanson was hired to write the script for the film.[127] Favreau originally planned shoot it back to back with the sequel to The Jungle Book.[126][128] However, it was reported in early 2017 that the latter film was put on hold in order for Favreu to instead focus mainly on The Lion King.[129] In February 2017, Favreau announced that Donald Glover had been cast as Simba and that James Earl Jones would be reprising the role of Mufasa.[130] The following month, it was reported that Beyoncé was Favreau's top choice to voice Nala, but she had not accepted the role yet due to a pregnancy.[131] In April 2017, Billy Eichner and Seth Rogen joined the film as Timon and Pumbaa, respectively.[132] Two months later, John Oliver was cast as Zazu.[133] At the end of July 2017, Beyonce had reportedly entered final negotiations to play Nala and contribute the soundtrack as well.[134] The following month, Chiwetel Ejiofor entered talks to play Scar.[135] Later on, Alfre Woodard and John Kani joined the film as Sarabi and Rafiki, respectively.[136][137]

text: Production for the film began in May 2017.[138] It is scheduled for release on July 19, 2019.[139]

text: Video games

text: Along with the film release, three different video games based on The Lion King were released by Virgin Interactive in December 1994. The main title was developed by Westwood Studios, and published for PC and Amiga computers and the consoles SNES and Sega Mega Drive/Genesis. Dark Technologies created the Game Boy version, while Syrox Developments handled the Master System and Game Gear version.[140] The film and sequel Simba's Pride later inspired another game, Torus Games' The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure (2000) for the Game Boy Color and PlayStation.[141] Timon and Pumbaa also appeared in Timon & Pumbaa's Jungle Games, a 1995 PC game collection of puzzle games by 7th Level, later ported to the SNES by Tiertex.[142]

text: The Square Enix series Kingdom Hearts features Simba as a recurring summon,[143][144] as well as a playable in the Lion King world, known as Pride Lands, in Kingdom Hearts II. There the plotline is loosely related to the later part of the original film, with all of the main characters except Zazu and Sarabi.[145] The Lion King also provides one of the worlds featured in the 2011 action-adventure game Disney Universe,[146] and Simba was featured in the Nintendo DS title Disney Friends (2008).[147]

text: Stage adaptations

text: Walt Disney Theatrical produced a musical stage adaptation of the same name, which premiered in Minneapolis, Minnesota in July 1997, and later opened on Broadway in October 1997 at the New Amsterdam Theatre. The Lion King musical was directed by Julie Taymor[148] and featured songs from both the movie and Rhythm of the Pride Lands, along with three new compositions by Elton John and Tim Rice. Mark Mancina did the musical arrangements and new orchestral tracks.[149] The musical became one of the most successful in Broadway history, winning six Tony Awards including Best Musical, and despite moving to the Minskoff Theatre in 2006, is still running to this day in New York, becoming the third longest-running show and highest grossing Broadway production in history. The show's financial success led to adaptations all over the world.[11][150][151]

text: The Lion King inspired two attractions retelling the story of the film at Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. The first, "The Legend of the Lion King", featured a recreation of the film through life-size puppets of its characters, and ran from 1994 to 2002 at Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World.[152] Another that is still running is the live-action 30-minute musical revue of the movie, "Festival of the Lion King", which incorporates the musical numbers into gymnastic routines with live actors, along with animatronic puppets of Simba and Pumba and a costumed actor as Timon. The attraction opened in April 1998 at Disney World's Animal Kingdom,[153] and in September 2005 in Hong Kong Disneyland's Adventureland.[154] A similar version under the name "The Legend of the Lion King" was featured in Disneyland Paris from 2004 to 2009.[155][156]


document_title: Tab key

question_text: what is the ascii code for tab key

question_tokens: what is the ascii code for tab key

root

text: Tab key

text: History[edit]

text: The word tab derives from the word tabulate, which means "to arrange data in a tabular, or table, form." When a person wanted to type a table (of numbers or text) on a typewriter, there was a lot of time-consuming and repetitive use of the space bar and backspace key. To simplify this, a horizontal bar was placed in the mechanism called the tabulator rack. Pressing the tab key would advance the carriage to the next tabulator stop. The original tabulator stops were adjustable clips that could be moved from place to place on the tabulator rack. Fredric Hillard filed a patent application for such a mechanism in 1900.[3]

tag: p

text: The tab mechanism came into its own as a rapid and consistent way of uniformly indenting the first line of each paragraph. Often a first tab stop at 5 or 6 characters was used for this, far larger than the indentation used when typesetting. For numeric data, however, the logical place for the tab stop is the location of the least significant digit. Tabbing to this location and then pressing the backspace key to back up to the position of the first digit is practical but slow. Various schemes for numeric tabs were proposed. For example, in 1903, Harry Dukes and William Clayton filed for a patent on a tab mechanism with multiple tab keys numbered 1, 10, 100, etc. Pressing 1 was a simple tab. Pressing 10 advanced to the space before the tab, pressing 100 advanced to the position 2 spaces before the tab.[4]

text: Initially tab stops were set by adding and removing clips from the tab rack, but Edward Hess working for the Royal Typewriter Company filed for a patent in 1904 covering a system where the tab stops were permanently mounted on the tab bar. To set or reset a tab for a particular column, the tab stop for that column was simply rotated in or out of engagement.[5] In 1940, James Koca filed for a patent on a mechanism allowing the tab stops for each column to be set and cleared from the keyboard, eliminating the need for the typist to bend over the back of the machine to directly manipulate the tab rack.[6] These keys, if present, are typically labeled tab set and tab clear.

text: Modern usage[edit]

text: In word processing and text editing the Tab key will often move the insertion point to the next tab stop in a table, or may insert the ASCII tab character or many space characters.

text: When filling out a computerized form, pressing Tab will move the cursor to the next field (and Shift-Tab will move the cursor to the previous field), eliminating the need to use a mouse to click in an adjacent field.

text: In many graphical applications, especially on Windows, the Tab key will move the focus to every control or widget such as buttons so that the user interface can be used without a mouse at all (this was part of the IBM Common User Access design). On macOS, this is an option called "Full Keyboard Access".

text: Tab may be used to complete a partially typed piece of text. For example, in some command-line interfaces, you may type the first few characters of a command or file-name, then press Tab. If there is no ambiguity about your intent, the rest of the characters will appear automatically. This usage is more common on Unix than Windows.

text: In 'PC' video games, the Tab key is very often used to show scores in multiplayer games. For single player games it is also used to show the world map or the player's inventory (or any other useful info).

text: Tab characters[edit]

text: The most known and common tab is a horizontal tab (HT), which in ASCII has the decimal character code of 9, and may be referred to as Ctrl+I or ^I. In C and many other programming languages the escape code \t can be used to put this character into a string constant. The horizontal tab is usually generated by the Tab key on a standard keyboard.

text: A vertical tab (VT) also exists and has ASCII decimal character code 11 (Ctrl+K or ^K), escape character \v.

text: In EBCDIC the code for HT is 5, and VT is 11 (coincidentally the same as in ASCII).

text: Originally, printer mechanisms used mechanical tab stops to indicate where the tabs went. This was done horizontally with movable metal prongs in a row, and vertically with a loop of mylar or other tape the length of a page with holes punched in it to indicate the tab stops. These were manually set to match the pre-printed forms that were loaded into the printer.

text: The intention was to have the printers be programmed with control characters to set and clear the stops: ISO 6429 includes the codes 136 (Horizontal Tabulation Set), 137 (Horizontal Tabulation with Justification) and 138 (Vertical Tabulation Set). In practice, settable tab stops were rather quickly replaced with fixed tab stops, de facto standardized at every multiple of 8 characters horizontally, and every 6 lines vertically. A printing program could send zero or more tabs to get to the closest tab stop above and left of where it wanted to print, then send line feeds and spaces to get to the final location. Tab characters simply became a form of data compression.

text: Despite five characters being ½″ and the typical paragraph indentation at that time, the horizontal tab size of 8 evolved because as a power of two it was easier to calculate with the limited digital electronics available. Vertical tab was rarely supported on these terminals.

text: In contrast to the de facto 8 character standard, some IDEs use a default horizontal tab size of 4 characters.

text: Tab-separated values (TSV)[edit]

text: Tab-separated values (TSV) are a common de facto standard[citation needed][dubious – discuss] for exporting and importing database or spreadsheet field values. Text divided into fields delimited by tabs can often be pasted into a word processor and formatted into a table with a single command. For example, in Microsoft Word 2010, Insert > Table > Convert Text to Table... is the necessary command, producing a dialog where the user selects further details.

text: The TSV convention for exporting data may be compared to the alternative comma-separated values (CSV) convention.

text: Gopher menus use tab-separated values to indicate selectors.

text: TSV has also been cited in a modern approach to solving the programming debate regarding the use of tabs and spaces for code alignment called elastic tabstops[7]. This idea uses a scheme called tab-separated columns (TSC) rather than the similar tab-separated values (TSV).

text: HTML[edit]

text: In HTML the horizontal tab is coded using 	 or 	,[8][9] but as with all whitespace characters in HTML, this will be displayed as a single space except inside <pre> tags or other elements with CSS attribute white-space set to pre.

text: In CSS, tabs are preserved in an element as shown above if the attribute white-space set to pre. CSS 3 defines tab-size property, which adjusts the number of spaces for the tab character from the default of 8.[10] The latest version of WebKit supports the tab-size property. The Opera web browser supports the -o-tab-size CSS property, the Firefox web browser supports the -moz-tab-size CSS property with the same meaning.[11]

text: The vertical tab is  but is not allowed in SGML[citation needed]; this includes XML 1.0[12] and HTML.

text: Unicode[edit]

text: The Unicode code points for the (horizontal) tab character, and the more rarely used vertical tab character are copied from ASCII:[13]

text:
U+0009 <control-0009> (CHARACTER TABULATION, horizontal tabulation (HT), tab)
U+000B <control-000B> (LINE TABULATION, vertical tabulation (VT))

tag: ul

text: The tab characters can be graphically represented by special symbols:

text:
U+2409 ␉ SYMBOL FOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION
U+240B ␋ SYMBOL FOR VERTICAL TABULATION

text: Unicode also has characters for the symbols to represent or be printed on the tab key:[14]

text:
U+21B9 ↹ LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR (tab with shift tab)
U+21C6 ⇆ LEFTWARDS ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW
U+21E4 ⇤ LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR (leftward tab)
U+21E5 ⇥ RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR (rightward tab)


document_title: Truth or Dare (2018 film)

question_text: who dies at the end of truth or dare

question_tokens: who dies at the end of truth or dare

text: Truth or Dare (2018 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Olivia Barron, her best friend Markie Cameron, Markie’s boyfriend Lucas Moreno, along with Penelope Amari and her boyfriend Tyson Curran, and Brad Chang go on a trip to Rosarito, Mexico. In Mexico, Olivia runs into fellow student Ronnie who proceeds to harass her until a man intervenes on her behalf. The man introduces himself as Carter and eventually convinces her and her friends to join him for drinks at the ruins of a mission. There, Carter initiates a game of Truth or Dare with Olivia and her friends, plus Ronnie, who followed the group. Eventually, the game ends when Carter reveals that he deceived Olivia as a means of tricking her and her friends to the mission to offer them in his place in the supernatural game of Truth or Dare. As Carter leaves, he explains to Olivia that the game will follow them and they must not refuse it.

text: At a local college bar, sometime after everyone returned from Mexico, Ronnie dies when he fails to complete a dare. Olivia, having become convinced that Carter was telling the truth, gathers and attempts to convince her friends that the game is real. The game, playing in accordance to the order the group played in Mexico, turns to Markie, having already appeared to Olivia and Lucas, and she is forced to break Olivia's hand. At the hospital, Brad is then forced by the game into revealing to his father, Officer Han Chang, his homosexuality.

text: The next day, the skeptical Tyson lies when forced to tell a truth and, as a result, dies. A drunken Penelope is next forced by the game to drink and finish a full bottle of vodka whilst walking along the edge of the roof of a house. She eventually falls from the roof after finishing the bottle, but is saved by Brad, Markie, and Olivia. The group manage to come into contact with a woman named Giselle, who is also a participant in a separate incarnation of the game, and the group go to meet her.

text: Giselle reveals that she and her friends played the game and her friend Sam, the only other survivor of her incarnation of the game, was responsible for the game becoming reality in the first place, having wrecked the ruins of the mission. Giselle reveals that a truth can only be chosen twice before the next player is forced to chose dare. Giselle draws a handgun on Olivia and shoots, confessing that she was dared to kill her. However, Penelope jumps in front of Olivia and is shot and killed. Failing to kill Olivia, Giselle shoots herself in the head.

text: Later, following Olivia, Lucas, and Markie’s turns in the game, Brad is dared to withdraw his father's gun and make him beg for his life. However, in the act, Brad is shot and killed by an approaching officer. At the precinct, Olivia learns that Carter is Sam.

text: Olivia and Lucas drive to Tijuana and meet with a mute woman and former nun who operated out of the church in which they originally played the game. The woman informs them that they are dealing with a demon she first summoned, who possessed the game of Truth or Dare and can only be stopped if the last person who evoked it sacrifices their tongue into an urn and seals it with wax after an incantation is made in the church.

text: Olivia, Markie, and Lucas find Sam and force him at gunpoint back to the ruins of the church in Mexico. There, Sam begins the ritual and is about to sever his tongue when it becomes Lucas' turn to play the game. Lucas is dared to kill either Olivia or Markie, which he refuses. Possessed by the demon controlling the game, Lucas is forced to kill Sam, before the latter can complete the ritual to end the game. He then proceeds to slit his throat and die.

text: Olivia forces the demon to reveal to her whether or not there was a definitive way to end the game with Markie and herself alive. The demon reveals that now that Sam is dead, there is not - but they can draw more people into the game and prolong their turn in it. Olivia hastily records and uploads a video to YouTube, warning of the game and its rules, before challenging the viewer of the video to Truth or Dare, initiating them.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Lucy Hale as Olivia Barron
Tyler Posey as Lucas Moreno
Violett Beane as Markie Cameron
Hayden Szeto as Brad Chang
Landon Liboiron as Carter / Sam
Nolan Gerard Funk as Tyson Curran
Sophia Taylor Ali as Penelope Amari
Sam Lerner as Ronnie
Aurora Perrineau as Giselle Hammond
Tom Choi as Officer Han Chang
Joe Ochman as the voice of Calux, the demonic entity controlling the game.

text: Production[edit]

text: Initially, director Jeff Wadlow explained that he was hired to direct the film after spitballing an opening scene based on the title of the movie in his initial meetings with Blumhouse.[6] Subsequently, he joined with his friend Chris Roach, and his wife, Jill Jacobs, and started thinking of ideas to approach the final concept.[7]

text: Principal photography on the film began on June 7, 2017,[8][9] and wrapped on July 12, 2017 in Los Angeles.[10][11]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was initially set for release on April 27, 2018, but in January 2018, the date was moved up two weeks, to April 13, 2018, Friday the 13th.[12] The official trailer for the film was released on January 3, 2018.[13]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Truth or Dare  grossed $41.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $53.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $94.8 million, against a production budget of $3.5 million.[2]

text: In the United States and Canada, Truth or Dare was released alongside Rampage and Sgt. Stubby: An American Hero, as well as the wide expansion of Isle of Dogs, and was projected to gross $12–15 million from 3,029 theaters in its opening weekend.[14] The film made $8.2 million on its first day (including $750,000 from Thursday night previews), $6.8 million on Saturday and a total of $18.7 million over the weekend, finishing third behind Rampage ($34.5 million) and fellow horror film A Quiet Place ($32.6 million).[15] It fell 58% in its second weekend (slightly above-average for Blumhouse horror films), grossing $7.8 million and finishing fifth.[16] The film continued to hold well in its third weekend, dropping 58% again to $3.3 million, finishing seventh.[17]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 14% based on 129 reviews, and an average rating of 5/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Truth or Dare's slick presentation isn't enough to make this mediocre horror outing much more frightening than an average round of the real-life game."[18] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 35 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews."[19] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B–" on an A+ to F scale.[15]

text: Simon Abrams of RogerEbert.com gave the film 2/4 stars and wrote that "director Jeff Wadlow and his three credited co-writers don't go far enough towards either of their film's primary impulses—humanizing their immature subjects and/or making them die amusingly sadistic deaths."[20] Exclaim!'s Alex Hudson called the film a "by-the-numbers horror that delivers clichés rather than surprises," though added "as dumb as this movie was, I kind of enjoyed it."[21]

text: Variety's Owen Gleiberman called it a "scare-free horror film" and wrote, "The movie isn’t scary, it isn’t gripping, it isn’t fun, and it isn’t fueled by any sort of clever compulsion. It’s just a strangely arduous exercise that feels increasingly frantic and arbitrary as it goes along."[22]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Recipient(s)

Result

Ref.

2018

20th Teen Choice Awards

Choice Drama Movie

Truth or Dare

Nominated

[23]

Choice Drama Movie Actress

Lucy Hale

Pending

tag: table


document_title: Visa requirements for Irish citizens

question_text: do i need a visa for iceland from ireland

text: Visa requirements for Irish citizens

text: Visa requirements map[edit]

text: Visa requirements[edit]

text:
Country
Visa requirement
Allowed stay
Notes
Reciprocity

 Afghanistan
Visa required[2]

√

 Albania
Visa not required[3]
90 days

X

 Algeria
Visa required[4]

√

 Andorra
Visa not required[5]

√

 Angola
Visa required[6]

√

 Antigua and Barbuda
Visa not required[7]
1 month

√

 Argentina
Visa not required[8]
90 days

√

 Armenia
Visa not required[9]
180 days

X

 Australia
eVisitor[10]
90 days

eVisitor, if granted, allows 90 day stay per visit for 12 months.
eVisitor is issued free of charge.

X

 Austria
EU !Visa not required[11]

Freedom of movement

√

 Azerbaijan
eVisa[12]
30 days[13]

X

 Bahamas
Visa not required[14]
3 months

Extension of stay is possible.

√

 Bahrain
eVisa / Visa on arrival[15]
3 months

Visa on arrival is single entry, subject to a fee.
Multiple entry visa available on arrival for 1 month stay.
Irish citizens can also apply for eVisas as an alternative.

X

 Bangladesh
Visa on arrival[16]
30 days

Visitors can apply to extend their stay when in the country.

X

 Barbados
Visa not required[17]
6 months

Visitors must have proof of onward travel, whereby their final destination is their country of residence or origin.

√

 Belarus
Visa not required[18]
5 days

Travellers must arrive via Minsk International Airport to avail of visa-free access.
Travellers must also depart from Minsk International Airport, to a destination outside of Belarus and Russia.
Visa on arrival is not available to tourists travelling from Russia.

X

 Belgium
EU !Visa not required[19]

Freedom of movement

√

 Belize
Visa not required[20]
1 month[21]

√

 Benin
eVisa[22][23]

X

 Bhutan
Visa required[24]

Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
Visitors are required to book with a registered tour operator in Bhutan.

√

 Bolivia
Visa not required[25]
90 days

90 days within any year period

√

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
Visa not required[26]
90 days

90 days within any 6-month period

X

 Botswana
Visa not required[27]
90 days

Extension to the visa-free period must be applied for in advance.

√

 Brazil
Visa not required[28]
90 days

Extension of stay is possible.

√

 Brunei
Visa not required[29]
90 days

√

 Bulgaria
EU !Visa not required[30]

Freedom of movement

√

 Burkina Faso
Visa on arrival[31]
1 month

X

 Burundi
Visa required[32]

Passengers holding an entry authorisation letter from the authorities may obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 1 month.

√

 Cambodia
eVisa / Visa on arrival[33]
30 days

Visa is also obtainable online.[34]
Visitors are not permitted to make day-trips to Cambodia (except in certain circumstances).

X

 Cameroon
Visa required[35]

Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.

√

 Canada
Visa not required[36]
6 months

eTA required if arriving by air.[37][38]

√

 Cape Verde
Visa on arrival[39]

X

 Central African Republic
Visa required[40]

√

 Chad
Visa required[41]

Visitors holding an 'entry authorisation' letter can pick up a visa on arrival.

√

 Chile
Visa not required[42]
90 days

Visitors are issued an immigration card on arrival and will be prevented from leaving Chile without it.

√

 China
Visa required[43]

72-hours visa free visit when in transit at Beijing, Changsha, Chengdu, Chongqing, Dalian, Guangzhou, Guilin, Harbin, Kunming, Qingdao, Shenyang, Tianjin, Wuhan, Xi'an and Xiamen.
144-hours visa free visit when in transit at Beijing (Beijing Capital International Airport)[44], Hangzhou, Hebei (Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport)[45], Nanjing, Shanghai (Hongqiao and Pudong international airports, Railway Station and port), and Tianjin (Tianjin Binhai International Airport)[46].

√

 Colombia
Visa not required[47]
90 days

Visitors may only enter Colombia for up to 180 days in any calendar year.

X

 Comoros
Visa on arrival[48]
45 days

X

 Republic of the Congo
Visa required[49]

√

 Democratic Republic of the Congo
Visa required[50]

√

 Costa Rica
Visa not required[51]
90 days

√

Cote d'Ivoire ! Côte d'Ivoire
eVisa[52]
3 months

eVisa holders must arrive via Port Bouet Airport

X

 Croatia
EU !Visa not required[53]

Freedom of movement

√

 Cuba
Tourist Card required[54]

√

 Cyprus
EU !Visa not required[55]

Freedom of movement

√

 Czech Republic
EU !Visa not required[56]

Freedom of movement

√

 Denmark
EU !Visa not required[57]

Freedom of movement

√

 Djibouti
Visa on arrival[58]

X

 Dominica
Visa not required[59]
6 months

√

 Dominican Republic
Visa not required[60]

X

 Ecuador
Visa not required[61]
90 days[21]

Extension of stay is possible.

X

 Egypt
eVisa / Visa on arrival[62][63]
30 days

X

 El Salvador
Visa not required[64]
3 months

√

 Equatorial Guinea
Visa required[65]

√

 Eritrea
Visa required[66]

Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.

√

 Estonia
EU !Visa not required[67]

Freedom of movement

√

 Ethiopia
eVisa / Visa on arrival[68]

Only available at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport

X

 Fiji
Visa not required[69]
4 months

√

 Finland
EU !Visa not required[70]

Freedom of movement

√

 France
EU !Visa not required[71]

Freedom of movement

√

 Gabon
eVisa / Visa on arrival[72]
90 days

Electronic visa holders must arrive via Libreville International Airport.

X

 Gambia
Visa not required[73]
90 days

X

 Georgia
Visa not required[74]
1 year

X

 Germany
EU !Visa not required[75]

Freedom of movement

√

 Ghana
Visa required[76]

Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.

√

 Greece
EU !Visa not required[77]

Freedom of movement

√

 Grenada
Visa not required[78]
3 months[21]

√

 Guatemala
Visa not required[79]
90 days

√

 Guinea
Visa required[80]

√

 Guinea-Bissau
eVisa / Visa on arrival[81]
90 days

X

 Guyana
Visa not required[82]
3 months

√

 Haiti
Visa not required[83]
90 days

X

 Honduras
Visa not required[84]
3 months

√

 Hungary
EU !Visa not required[85]

Freedom of movement

√

 Iceland
EU !Visa not required[86]

Freedom of movement

√

 India
e-Visa[87]
60 days
e-Visa holders must arrive via 24 designated airports or 3 designated seaports.[88]
X

 Indonesia
Visa not required[89]
30 days

Not available at all entry points.

X

 Iran
Visa on arrival[90]
30 days[91]

A visa on arrival is only available at Qeshm, Kish, Mashhad, Isfahan, Shiraz, Tabriz and Tehran.
Extension of stay is possible.
Women will be refused entry if not wearing Islamic head cover, scarf, long sleeves or stockings.
All foreigners must report to the Iranian police within 8 days of arrival.
Visa on arrival excludes all reporters, journalists, photographers and cameramen, who must obtain a visa prior to entering Iran.
A visa on arrival for business travellers is available if holding a letter of invitation from a government agency which is issued at least 2 days prior to arrival.

X

 Iraq
Visa required[92]

Visa on arrival is available at Sulaimaniyah and Erbil airports and stays are limited to 15 days, with an extension of stay possible.

√

 Israel
Visa not required[93]
3 months

Extension of stay is possible.

√

 Italy
EU !Visa not required[94]

Freedom of movement

√

 Jamaica
Visa not required[95]
90 days

X

 Japan
Visa not required[96]
90 days

Extension of stay is possible.

√

 Jordan
Visa on arrival !Free visa on arrival[97]
6 months

A free visa on arrival may be obtained only when travel is organised through an authorised tour operator in Jordan. The tour group must not consist of less than 5 people and there must be a minimum 2 night stay in Jordan. A return ticket must be presented to avail of this visa option.
All other passengers who are not travelling as part of a tour group may obtain a visa on arrival, subject to a fee. The visa on arrival has a maximum validity of 6 months.

X

 Kazakhstan
Visa not required[98]
30 days

X

 Kenya
eVisa / Visa on arrival[99]
3 months

X

 Kiribati
Visa not required[100]
30 days

√

 North Korea
Visa required[101]

√

 South Korea
Visa not required[102]
90 days

√

 Kuwait
eVisa / Visa on arrival[103]
3 months

X

 Kyrgyzstan
Visa not required[104]
60 days

X

 Laos
Visa on arrival[105]
30 days

Not available at all entry points.[106]
Visa on arrival can be extended once.

X

 Latvia
EU !Visa not required[107]

Freedom of movement

√

 Lebanon
Free visa on arrival[108]
1 month

Free visa on arrival can be granted whenever a telephone number and address in Lebanon is provided.
Visa can be extended for an additional two months.

X

 Lesotho
Visa not required[109]
90 days

√

 Liberia
Visa required[110]

Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival, subject to conditions.

√

 Libya
Visa required[111]

Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
Passengers arriving in Libya must hold a non-objection form issued by the Libyan Immigration Authorities.
All travellers arriving in Libya for tourism must convert $1000 USD in freely convertible currency, or debit the amount from a credit card upon arrival in the country.

√

 Liechtenstein
EU !Visa not required[112]

Freedom of movement

√

 Lithuania
EU !Visa not required[113]

Freedom of movement

√

 Luxembourg
EU !Visa not required[114]

Freedom of movement

√

 Macedonia
Visa not required[115]
90 days

X

 Madagascar
Visa on arrival !Visa on arrival[116]
90 days

A visa on arrival is only granted for those who have a return ticket.

X

 Malawi
Visa on arrival[117]
90 days

A residence permit must be obtained for those wishing to stay beyond 90 days.

X

 Malaysia
Visa not required[118]
3 months

If no return ticket is held, one must be purchased at the border or entry will be refused.

√

 Maldives
Visa on arrival[119]
30 days[21]

X

 Mali
Visa required[120]

√

 Malta
EU !Visa not required[121]

Freedom of movement

√

 Marshall Islands
Visa on arrival !Free visa on arrival[122]
90 days

X

 Mauritania
Visa on arrival[123]

Available at Nouakchott–Oumtounsy International Airport.

X

 Mauritius
Visa not required[124]
90 days

180 days maximum stay in any one calendar year.

X

 Mexico
Visa not required[125]
180 days

√

 Micronesia
Visa not required[126]
30 days

Extension of stay is possible.

X

 Moldova
Visa not required[127]
90 days

Maximum stay of 90 days within any 6-month period

X

 Monaco
Visa not required[128]

√

 Mongolia
Visa required[129]

√

 Montenegro
Visa not required[130]
90 days

X

 Morocco
Visa not required[131]
90 days

X

 Mozambique
Visa on arrival[132]
30 days

Not available at all entry points.
Extension of stay is possible.

X

 Myanmar
eVisa[133]
28 days

eVisa holders must arrive via Yangon, Nay Pyi Taw or Mandalay airports.

√

 Namibia
Visa not required[134]
3 months

X

 Nauru
Visa required[135]

Visa requirement waived for holders of an Entry Permit letter.

X

   Nepal
Visa on arrival[136]
90 days

Extension of stay is possible of up to 150 days.
Business travellers can obtain a visa on arrival for a maximum stay of 5 years, subject to a fee and a license issued by the Ministry of Industry.

X

 Netherlands
EU !Visa not required[137]

Freedom of movement (European Netherlands)

√

 New Zealand
Visa not required[138]
3 months

√

 Nicaragua
Visa not required[139]
90 days

Tourist card must be obtained on arrival, subject to a fee.
Extension of stay is possible.

√

 Niger
Visa required[140]

√

 Nigeria
Visa required[141]

Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.

√

 Norway
EU !Visa not required[142]

Freedom of movement

√

 Oman
eVisa / Visa on arrival[143]
1 month[21]

Tourists can obtain a single entry visa on arrival, subject to a fee, and upon showing onward travel and a hotel reservation in Oman.
Those travelling on business can obtain a three-week multiple entry visa on arrival.
A visa waiver is in place for travellers who are arriving directly from the Emirate of Dubai who have a visa or an entrance stamp from Dubai, whereby the visa must be valid for 21 days at least upon arrival in Oman.
A visa waiver is in place for travellers who are arriving directly from Qatar, whereby the visa must state as being valid for Oman and must be valid for at least one month on arrival.

X

 Pakistan
Visa required[144]

Visa on arrival when travelling on business valid for 30 days. Conditions apply.[145]

√

 Palau
Free visa on arrival[146]
30 days

Extension is possible for a fee.

X

 Panama
Visa not required[147]
180 days

√

 Papua New Guinea
Visa on arrival !Free visa on arrival[148]
60 days

Visa on arrival available at Port Moresby and Rabaul.
Tourists can obtain a visa on arrival free of charge, whilst those travelling on business must pay in cash.

X

 Paraguay
Visa not required[149]
90 days

√

 Peru
Visa not required[150]
183 days

X

 Philippines
Visa not required[151]
30 days

A visa on arrival is available for a maximum stay of 59 days.
Extension of stay is only possible for those who obtained a visa on arrival, to a maximum of 1 year.

X

 Poland
EU !Visa not required[152]

Freedom of movement

√

 Portugal
EU !Visa not required[153]

Freedom of movement

√

 Qatar
Visa not required[154]
30 days

Visa waiver available for Irish citizens with a 30 day extension available.

X

 Romania
EU !Visa not required[155]

Freedom of movement

√

 Russia
Visa required[156]

Visa waiver available for passengers arriving by cruise only who are staying in Russia for a maximum of 72 hours.

√

 Rwanda
eVisa / Visa on arrival[157]
30 days

X

 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Visa not required[158]
3 months

Extension of stay is possible.

√

 Saint Lucia
Visa not required[159]
6 weeks

Extension of stay is possible.

√

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Visa not required[160]
1 month

Extension of stay is possible.

√

 Samoa
Visa on arrival !Free Entry Permit on arrival[161]
60 days

Extension of stay is possible.

√

 San Marino
Visa not required[162]

√

 São Tomé and Príncipe
Visa not required[163]
15 days

X

 Saudi Arabia
Visa required[164]

Muslim female passengers are subject to restrictions when arriving for Umrah or Hajj.

√

 Senegal
Visa not required[165]
90 days

X

 Serbia
Visa not required[166]
90 days

Irish citizens may stay in Serbia for 90 days within any 6-month period.
Extension is possible.

X

 Seychelles
Visa on arrival !Free Visitor's Permit on arrival[167]
3 months[21]

Irish citizens can extend their stay for three months, up to a maximum of 12 months.
Visitor's permit is issued free of charge, subject to documentation being provided at the entry point.

√

 Sierra Leone
Visa required[168]

Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.

√

 Singapore
Visa not required[169]
90 days

Extension of stay possible.

√

 Slovakia
EU !Visa not required[170]

Freedom of movement

√

 Slovenia
EU !Visa not required[171]

Freedom of movement

√

 Solomon Islands
Visa on arrival !Free Visitor's permit on arrival[172]
3 months

√

 Somalia
Visa required[173]

Visa on arrival may be obtained if an invitation letter issued by the sponsor had been submitted to the Airport Immigration Department at least 2 days before arrival.
Extension of stay possible for an additional 30 days.

√

 South Africa
Visa not required[174]
90 days

Extension of stay possible for an additional 90 days.

√

 South Sudan
Visa required[175]

√

 Spain
EU !Visa not required[176]

Freedom of movement

√

 Sri Lanka
eVisa / Visa on arrival[177]
30 days

Extension of stay possible for an additional 150 days for Irish citizens.

X

 Sudan
Visa required[178]

√

 Suriname
Visa required[179]

Visa on arrival is available to countries without Suriname representation for a maximum of 2 months, subject to prearranged approval.

√

 Swaziland
Visa not required[180]
30 days[21]

Extension of stay possible for a maximum of 90 days in total.

√

 Sweden
EU !Visa not required[181]

Freedom of movement

√

  Switzerland
EU !Visa not required[182]

Freedom of movement

√

 Syria
Visa required[183]

√

 Tajikistan
Visa on arrival[184]
45 days

Visa also available online. E-visa holders can enter through all border points.[185]

X

 Tanzania
Visa on arrival[186]

Fee payable in USD at border.

X

 Thailand
Visa not required[187]
30 days

ACMECS Single Visa issued by Cambodia and Thailand are valid for 90 days from the date of issue and are valid for a stay of 60 days in Thailand.
Extension of stay is possible.
Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air.

X

 Timor-Leste
Visa on arrival[188]
30 days

Extension of stay possible for up to 90 days.

X

 Togo
Visa on arrival[189]
7 days

Extension of stay possible for an additional 90 days, subject to a fee.

X

 Tonga
Visa on arrival !Visa on arrival[190]
31 days

Visa on arrival is issued free of charge.
Extension of stay for a further 5 months is possible.

X

 Trinidad and Tobago
Visa not required[191]
90 days

√

 Tunisia
Visa not required[192]
3 months

X

 Turkey
eVisa[193]
3 months

X

 Turkmenistan
Visa required[194]

Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.

√

 Tuvalu
Visa on arrival[195]
1 month[21]

X

 Uganda
eVisa / Visa on arrival[196]

Must be applied for online before travel.[197]
An East Africa Tourist Visa issued by Kenya or Rwanda can also be used for entry.[198]

X

 Ukraine
Visa not required[199]
90 days

90 days within any 180 day period.

X

 United Arab Emirates
Free visa on arrival !Visa on arrival[200]
30 days

Visa on arrival is free of charge to Irish citizens.
Extension of stay is possible for a further 30 days.

X

 United Kingdom
EU !Visa not required[201]

Freedom of movement (in Constituent countries)

√

 United States
Visa not required !Visa Waiver Program[202]
90 days

ESTA required if arriving by air or cruise ship.[203]
ESTA is valid for two years when issued.
Holders of non-biometric passports must obtain a visa for the United States as they are ineligible to apply for an ESTA.
Leaving the United States and re-entering from Canada or Mexico will not reset the original 90 day maximum stay. You can only reset the timer by leaving North America.

√

 Uruguay
Visa not required[204]
90 days

Extension of stay is possible for a further 90 days.

√

 Uzbekistan
Visa required[205]

Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
Visitors with stays longer than three days must register with the local police.

√

 Vanuatu
Visa not required[206]
30 days[21]

√

  Vatican City
Visa not required[207]

√

 Venezuela
Visa not required[208]
90 days

Extension of stay is possible for a further 90 days.

X

 Vietnam
eVisa[209]
30 days

A single entry eVisa is available.[210]
Fee payable.

X

 Yemen
Visa required[211]

√

 Zambia
Visa not required[212]
90 days

For those travelling to Zambia for business, the maximum stay is 30 days in any one-year period.
Tourists are allowed 90 days in any one-year period.

X

 Zimbabwe
eVisa / Visa on arrival[213]
3 months

For those travelling to Zimbabwe for business, a visa on arrival can also be issued for a maximum stay of 30 days.

X

text: Territories[edit]

text: Visa requirements for Irish citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

text:
Abkhazia — Visa required.[214]
 Artsakh — Visa required (issued for single entry for 21 days/1/2/3 months or multiple entry visa for 1/2/3 months).[215][216]
Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[217]
 Mount Athos — Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[218][219]
 Brest and Grodno — Visa not required for 10 days.[220]
 Crimea — Visa issued by Russia is required.[221]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus — Visa free access for 3 months. Passport required.[222]
 UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus — Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.[223]
 Faroe Islands — Visa not required.[224]
 Gibraltar — Visa not required.[225]
 Guernsey – Visa not required.[226]
  Alderney – Visa not required.[227]
  Sark – Visa not required.[228]
 Isle of Man — Visa not required.[229][230]
 Jan Mayen — permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[231] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[232]
 Jersey – Visa not required.[233]
 Kosovo — visa free for 90 days.[234]
 Closed cities and regions in Russia — special authorization required.[235]
 South Ossetia — Visa free. Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[236][237]
 Transnistria — Visa free. Registration required after 24h.[238][239]

text:
Eritrea (outside Asmara) — visa covers Asmara only; to travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[240]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara controlled territory) — Visa not required up to 3 months.[241]
 Somaliland — Visa issued on arrival (30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival).[242][243]
 Sudan — All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
 Darfur — Separate travel permit is required.[244]

text:
Hong Kong — Visa not required for 90 days.[245]
 India — Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[246][247][248][249][250][251]
 Iraqi Kurdistan — Visa on arrival for 15 days is available at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports.[252]
 Kazakhstan — Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[253]
 Kish Island — Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[254]
 Macao — Visa not required for 90 days.[255]
 Sabah and Sarawak — These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[256]
 Maldives — With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[257]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang – People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)

text:
Palestine — Visa not required. Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[258][259]
 Taiwan — Visa not required for 90 days.[260]
 Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province — OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[261][262][263]
 Turkmenistan — A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[264]
 Tibet Autonomous Region — Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[265][266][267]
 Korean Demilitarized Zone — restricted zone.
 UNDOF Zone and Ghajar — restricted zones.
 Phú Quốc — can visit without a visa for up to 30 days.[268]
 Yemen — Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[269]

text:
Anguilla — Visa not required for 3 months.[270]
 Aruba — Visa not required for 30 days.[271]
 Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba — Visa not required for 3 months.[272]
 Bermuda — Visa not required for 21 days (extendable).[273][274]
 British Virgin Islands — Visa not required for 1 month (extendable).[275][276]
 Cayman Islands — Visa not required for 6 months.[277][278]
 Colombia — Visitors arriving at San Andrés and Leticia must buy tourist cards on arrival.[279]
 Curacao — Visa not required for 3 months.[280]
 Montserrat — Visa not required for 6 months.[281]
 Greenland — Visa not required.[224]
 Margarita Island — All visitors are fingerprinted.[282]
 Puerto Rico — Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.[283]
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon — Visa not required.[284]
 Sint Maarten — Visa not required for 3 months.[285]
 Turks and Caicos Islands — Visa not required for 90 days.[286][287]
 U.S. Virgin Islands — Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.[288]

text:
American Samoa — Visa required (entry permit).[289]
 Ashmore and Cartier Islands — special authorisation required.[290]
 Clipperton Island — special permit required.[291]
 Cook Islands — Visa free access for 31 days.[292]
 Lau Province — Special permission required.[293]
 French Polynesia — Visa not required.[294]
 Guam — Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.[295]
 New Caledonia — Visa not required for 3 months.[296]
 Niue — Visa on arrival valid for 30 days is issued free of charge.[297]
 Northern Mariana Islands — Visa not required.[298]
 Pitcairn Islands — 14 days visa free and landing fee 35 USD or tax of 5 USD if not going ashore.[299][300][301][302]
 Tokelau — Entry permit required.[303]
 United States Minor Outlying Islands — special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[304][305][306][307][308][309][310]
 Wallis and Futuna — Visa not required.[311]

text: Galápagos — Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[312]

text:
Falkland Islands — Visitor Permit valid for 4 weeks is issued on arrival.[313][314]
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

 Ascension Island — Entry Permit must be obtained minimum 28 days in advance (3 months for 20/30 pounds sterling, single/double entry).[315]
 Saint Helena — Entry Permit (£25) for 183 days is issued on arrival.[316]
 Tristan da Cunha — Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[317]

 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands — Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[318][319][320]
Antarctica and adjacent islands — special permits required for  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica,  Australian Antarctic Territory,  Chilean Antarctic Territory,  Heard Island and McDonald Islands,  Peter I Island,  Queen Maud Land,  Ross Dependency.[321][322][323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330][331]

text: Non-ordinary passports[edit]

text: Holders of diplomatic or official passports of Ireland have additional visa-free access to Kuwait. Holders of diplomatic or service passports of any country have visa-free access to Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Mali and Zimbabwe.

text: Non-visa restrictions[edit]

text: Passport validity length[edit]

text: Many countries require passports to be valid for at least 6 months upon arrival.[332] Note that some nations have bilateral agreements with other countries to shorten the passport validity cut-off period for each other's citizens.[333][334]

text: Countries requiring passports to be valid at least 6 months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain, Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq (except when arriving at Basra and Erbil or Sulaimaniyah), Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Somaliland, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen and Zimbabwe.[335]

text: Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

text: Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include European Union countries (except Denmark, Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, and except for EU/EEA/Swiss citizens), Albania, Belarus, Georgia, Honduras, Iceland, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Liechtenstein, Moldova, Monaco, Nauru, Panama, Saint Barthélemy, San Marino, Switzerland and the United Arab Emirates.

text: Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

text: Countries that require a passport validity of at least 1 month on arrival include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Macao, New Zealand and South Africa.[336]

text: Other countries require either a passport valid on arrival or a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

text: Blank passport pages[edit]

text: Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages in the passport being presented, generally one or two pages.[337]

text: Vaccination[edit]

text: Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, and Zambia require all incoming passengers to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination.

text: Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area.[338]

text: Israeli stamps[edit]

text: Kuwait,[339] Lebanon,[340] Libya,[341] Saudi Arabia,[342] Sudan,[343] Syria[344] and Yemen[345] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

text: To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel. Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport, giving passengers a card instead: "Since January 2013 a pilot scheme has been introduced whereby visitors are given an entry card instead of an entry stamp on arrival. You should keep this card with your passport until you leave. This is evidence of your legal entry into Israel and may be required, particularly at any crossing points into the Occupied Palestinian Territories." [346] Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017[update]) stamped at Erez when travelling into and out of Gaza. Also, passports are still stamped (as of 22 June 2017[update]) at the Jordan Valley/Sheikh Hussein and Yitzhak Rabin/Arava land borders with Jordan.

text: Iran: Admission is refused for holders of passports containing an Israeli visa/stamp in the last 12 months

text: Armenian ethnicity[edit]

text: Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the government of Azerbaijan not only bans entry of citizens from Armenia, but also all citizens and nationals of any other country who are of Armenian descent, to the Republic of Azerbaijan[347][348] (although there have been exceptions, notably for Armenia's participation at the 2015 European Games held in Azerbaijan).

text: Azerbaijan also strictly bans any visit by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[349] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these occupied territories, will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[350] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[351] As of late 2017 the list contains 699 persons.

text: Upon request, the Republic of Artsakh authorities may attach their visa and/or stamps to a separate piece of paper in order to avoid detection of travel to their country.

text: Persona non grata[edit]

text: The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning their entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity. Attempts to enter the Gaza strip by sea may attract a 10-year ban on entering Israel.[352]

text: Fingerprinting[edit]

text: Several countries including Argentina, Brunei, Cambodia, Japan, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea and the United States demand all passengers to be fingerprinted on arrival.[353][354][355][356][357][358][359]

text: Criminal record[edit]

text: Some countries (for example, Canada and United States [360]) routinely deny entry to foreigners who have a criminal record.

text: Common Travel Area[edit]

text: The Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, together with its Crown Dependencies of Guernsey, Jersey and the Isle of Man make up a Common Travel Area where:

text:
No ID is required for travel by land for British or Irish citizens
Only photographic ID required for travel by air or sea for British or Irish citizens

text: However, there are occasionally checks on coaches and trains moving between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Citizens of third countries must have passports and, if required, visas to travel between the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland.

text: British visas don't enable travel to Ireland for people without agreement with Ireland, and vice versa. (Although both the UK and the Republic are members of the European Union, neither are members of the Schengen Area so Schengen visas are not valid for travel to the Common Travel Area. Air and sea passengers travelling between the Common Travel Area and the Schengen Area are subject to systematic passport/identity checks.)

text: Right to consular protection in non-EU countries[edit]

text: As citizens of the European Union, all Irish citizens have the right to seek consular assistance and protection from embassies of fellow EU member states when they are in a non-EU country without an Irish embassy.

text: See also List of diplomatic missions of Ireland.