document_title: Lana Del Rey

question_text: what is the ethnicity of lana del rey

question_tokens: what is the ethnicity of lana del rey

text: Lana Del Rey

text: Early life

text: Elizabeth Woolridge Grant was born in New York City on June 21, 1985[1][8] to Robert England Grant, Jr., a Grey Group copywriter turned entrepreneur, and Patricia Ann "Pat" (née Hill), a former Grey account executive turned high school teacher.[9][10][11][12] She has one younger sister, Caroline Grant,[13] and one brother, Charlie.[14][15] Her paternal grandfather, Robert England Grant, Sr. was a Kidder, Peabody & Co. investment banker, a vice president for Plough, Inc and Textron, and venture capitalist.[16] She has Scottish ancestry from both her mother and father.[17]

text: Del Rey grew up in Lake Placid, New York,[18] and was raised Roman Catholic.[19] She attended a Catholic elementary school[15] and for one year, a high school where her mother taught.[20] She began singing in her church choir when she was a child, where she was the cantor.[15][21] At age fifteen,[8][20][22] she was sent to Kent School by her parents[22] to resolve a budding drinking problem.[23] Her uncle, an admissions officer at the boarding school, secured her financial aid to attend.[a]

text: After graduating, Del Rey was accepted to the State University of New York at Geneseo, but she decided not to attend and instead spent a year living on Long Island with her aunt and uncle while working as a waitress.[9] During this time, Del Rey's uncle taught her how to play guitar, and she "realized [that she] could probably write a million songs with those six chords."[27] Shortly after, she began writing songs and performing in nightclubs around the city under various names such as "Sparkle Jump Rope Queen" and "Lizzy Grant and the Phenomena."[27] "I was always singing, but didn't plan on pursuing it seriously", Del Rey said. "When I got to New York City when I was eighteen, I started playing in clubs in Brooklyn—I have good friends and devoted fans on the underground scene, but we were playing for each other at that point—and that was it."[8]

text: The following fall, at age nineteen, she enrolled at Fordham University where she majored in philosophy, with an emphasis on metaphysics.[8] Del Rey has said she chose to study the subject because it "bridged the gap between God and science... I was interested in God and how technology could bring us closer to finding out where we came from and why."[8][17][28] According to Del Rey, she had trouble making friends in both boarding school and college.[29][30] She lived in The Bronx and later moved to New Jersey while attending Fordham.[31] After graduating in 2005, she moved to Brooklyn, where she resided for four years.[22]

text: In college, Del Rey did volunteer work at homeless youth and drug and alcohol outreach programs, as well as helping paint and rebuild houses on an Indian reservation in Utah.[15] She would cite this trip as integral in her decision to become a songwriter: "I remember exactly when I decided that I wanted to be a singer. I was in college, [and] we went to the Indian reservation. That day I realized that I had only two options: either making music or volunteering for a good cause. I chose the first option. If it [had] not [worked], I would [have] probably [done] social work in any small town."[32]

text: Career

text: 2005–2010: Career beginnings and Lana Del Ray

text:
I wanted to be part of a high-class scene of musicians. It was half-inspired because I didn't have many friends, and I was hoping that I would meet people and fall in love and start a community around me, the way they used to do in the '60s.

—Del Rey explaining why she went into the music industry.[30]

tag: div

text: On April 25, 2005, a seven-track extended play was registered under Elizabeth Woolridge Grant with the United States Copyright Office. The application title was Rock Me Stable with another title Young Like Me also listed.[33] A second extended play, titled From the End, was also recorded under Del Rey's stage name at the time, May Jailer.[34] Between 2005 and 2006, she recorded an acoustic album titled Sirens under the May Jailer project,[34] which later leaked on the internet in mid-2012.[b]

text: At her first performance in 2006 for the Williamsburg Live Songwriting Competition, Del Rey met Van Wilson, an A&R representative for 5 Points Records,[40][41] an independent label owned by David Nichtern.[41] In 2007, while a senior in college, Del Rey submitted a demo tape of acoustic tracks titled No Kung Fu to 5 Points Records,[34] who subsequently offered her a recording contract for $10,000.[34] Del Rey used the money to relocate to Manhattan Mobile Home Park, a trailer park in North Bergen, New Jersey,[8][22] and subsequently began working with producer David Kahne,[41] with whom she released a three-track EP titled Kill Kill in October 2008 as Lizzy Grant.[42] She explained that "David asked to work with me only a day after he got my demo. He is known as a producer with a lot of integrity and who had an interest in making music that wasn't just pop."[43] Her album, however, was shelved, causing her to shift her focus. Instead, she began to work in community service. "Homeless outreach, drug, and alcohol rehabilitation—that's been my life for the past five years", she told Vogue UK in 2012.[8] Her debut full-length album, titled Lana Del Ray, was released in January 2010.[44] Her father, Robert Grant, helped with the marketing of the album,[44] which was available for purchase on iTunes for a brief period before being withdrawn.

text: David Kahne, who produced Grant and previous label owner David Nichtern have both stated that Grant bought the rights back from her label, 5 Points, as she wanted it out of circulation to "stifle future opportunities to distribute it—an echo of rumors that the action was part of a calculated strategy.[45][46]

text: Del Rey met her current managers, Ben Mawson and Ed Millett, three months after Lana Del Ray and they helped her to get out of her contract with 5 Points Records, where, in her opinion, "nothing was happening." Shortly after, she moved to London, England and moved in with Mawson "for a few years."[15] When choosing her stage name, she said: "I wanted a name I could shape the music towards. I was going to Miami quite a lot at the time, speaking a lot of Spanish with my friends from Cuba – Lana Del Rey reminded us of the glamour of the seaside. It sounded gorgeous coming off the tip of the tongue."[47] She has said her lawyers and managers made up the name Lana Del Rey and persuaded her to adopt the stage name.[48] On September 1, 2010, Del Rey was featured by Mando Diao in their MTV Unplugged concert at Union Film-Studios in Berlin.[49]

text: 2011–2013: Born to Die and Paradise

text: After uploading them to her YouTube channel in 2011, Del Rey's videos for the songs "Video Games" and "Blue Jeans" became viral internet sensations,[2] and she was signed by Stranger Records to release "Video Games" as her debut single.[50] She told The Observer, "I just put that song online a few months ago because it was my favorite. To be honest, it wasn't going to be the single but people have really responded to it."[8] The song earned her a Q award for "Next Big Thing" in October 2011[51] and an Ivor Novello for "Best Contemporary Song" in 2012.[52] The same month, she signed a joint deal with Interscope Records and Polydor to work on her second studio album Born to Die.[27][53][54][55]

text: Del Rey built anticipation to the album by doing a number of live appearances, such as promotional concerts at the Bowery Ballroom and at the Chateau Marmont, and with performances at television shows such as De Wereld Draait Door, and Later... with Jools Holland.[56][57][58][59]

text: Del Rey also performed two songs from the album on Saturday Night Live on January 14, 2012 and received a negative response from critics and the general public. Del Rey's performance was defended by the evening program's guest host, actor Daniel Radcliffe, despite not having seen her performance.[60] She had earlier defended her spot on the program, saying: "I'm a good musician [...] I have been singing for a long time, and I think that [SNL creator] Lorne Michaels knows that [...] it's not a fluke decision."[61] The following week on SNL, Kristen Wiig impersonated Del Rey where she humorously defended herself during Weekend Update.[62]

text: Born to Die was officially released on January 31, 2012 worldwide, and reached number one in 11 countries, though critical reaction was divided.[63][64] The same week, she announced she had bought back the rights to her 2010 debut album, and had plans to re-release it in the summer of 2012 under Interscope Records and Polydor.[65] Contrary to Del Rey's press statement, her previous record label and producer David Kahne have both stated that she bought the rights to the album when she and the label parted company, due to the offer of a new deal, in April 2010.[53][66] Born to Die sold 3.4 million copies in 2012, making it the fifth-best-selling album of 2012.[67][68][69] In the United States, Born to Die charted on the Billboard 200 album chart well into 2012, lingering at number 76, after 36 weeks on the chart.[70] In an interview with RTVE on June 15, 2012, she announced her new album would be out in November.[71] Mid-September saw the official announcement of Paradise's lead single, "Ride".[72][73]

text: On September 19, 2012, the music video for "Blue Velvet" was released through H&M.[74] One day later, on September 20, "Blue Velvet" became available for purchase as a promotional single. "Ride" became available for purchase on September 25, 2012. The music video for "Ride" was premiered at the Aero Theatre in Santa Monica, California on October 10, 2012.[75][76] Some critics panned the video as pro-prostitution[76][77] and antifeminist, the latter being a word attributed to Del Rey's work since "Video Games".[78][79]

text: Del Rey's Paradise Edition of Born to Die was set to be released on November 12. With the release of her third EP, Paradise, Del Rey spawned her second top 10 album in the United States, debuting at number 10 on the Billboard 200 with 67,000 copies sold in its first week.[80]

text: At the 2012 MTV Europe Music Awards, Del Rey received nominations in the categories Best Alternative, Best Push, and Best New Act. Winning Best Alternative, Del Rey presented the award for Best Female to Taylor Swift.[81] At the 2013 BRIT Awards, she won the award for International Female Solo Artist, making it her second BRIT Award to date.[82] Her win surprised critics who highly anticipated Taylor Swift to win the award.[82] In March 2013, she recited Walt Whitman's poem "Song of Myself" for the French fashion magazine, L'Officiel Paris.[83]

text: Del Rey's seventh single, "Dark Paradise", was released as a single in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland on March 1, 2013. Del Rey won the ECHO Awards for Best International Newcomer and Best International Pop/Rock Artist on March 21, 2013.[84] A music video for Del Rey's cover of Leonard Cohen's "Chelsea Hotel#2" was released on March 27, 2013.[85] The following month, in April 2013, another self-produced video was released; it showed Del Rey and her boyfriend, Barrie-James O'Neil, covering "Summer Wine", by Lee Hazlewood. "Burning Desire" became available for purchase as a stand-alone download on March 19, 2013 as the second promotional single from Paradise; its music video was premiered the previous month on Valentine's Day of 2013.[86]

text: 2013: Film projects and Tropico

text: After the release of Paradise, Del Rey penned the original song "Young and Beautiful" for the soundtrack of the 2013 film adaptation of The Great Gatsby with director, co-writer, and co-producer Baz Luhrmann.[87]

text: Following the song's release, it peaked at 22 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it Del Rey's highest peak on the chart.[88] However, shortly after its release to contemporary hit radio, the label prematurely pulled it and decided to send a different song to that format; on July 2, 2013, a Cedric Gervais remix of Del Rey's "Summertime Sadness" was sent there; a sleeper hit, the song proved to be a success, surpassing "Young and Beautiful", reaching number 6 and becoming her first American top ten hit.[89] The remix won the Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical in 2013.[90]

text: Alongside Paradise, Del Rey announced plans to launch a short film titled Tropico.[91][92] Tropico was filmed in late June 2013 and directed by Anthony Mandler.[92]

text: On November 22, 2013, an official trailer for Tropico was released; at the end of the trailer, it was announced that the film would be uploaded to Del Rey's official VEVO account on December 5, 2013.[93] The short film premiered on December 4 at Cinerama Dome in Hollywood. Before showing the film, Del Rey told the audience "I really just wanted us all to be together so I could try and visually close out my chapter before I release the new record, Ultraviolence".[94][95] Journalists identified the phrase from the Anthony Burgess' dystopian novel A Clockwork Orange (1962), but reports were conflicting as to whether or not the title was stylized as one or two words.[95][96] On December 6, 2013, an EP, also titled Tropico, was made available for purchase via iTunes; it includes the film itself along with the three aforementioned songs.[97][98]

text: 2014–2016: Ultraviolence and Honeymoon

text: On January 23, 2014, it was announced that Del Rey would be covering the song "Once Upon a Dream" (from the 1959 film Sleeping Beauty) for the 2014 dark fantasy film Maleficent. The single was released on January 26.[99]

text: On February 20, Del Rey posted a picture of herself and Dan Auerbach on Twitter with the caption "Me and Dan Auerbach are excited to present you Ultraviolence".[100]

text: The first single off Ultraviolence, "West Coast", was released on April 14.[101]

text: On May 23, Del Rey performed three songs at Kim Kardashian and Kanye West's pre-wedding celebration at the Palace of Versailles.[102] West had previously played Del Rey's "Young & Beautiful" during his proposal to Kardashian in October 2013.[103] "Shades of Cool", the second single, was released on May 26, 2014.[104] The third single and title track, "Ultraviolence", was released on June 4.[105] June 8 saw the release of the fourth single, "Brooklyn Baby".[106]

text: Ultraviolence was released on June 13, 2014, and debuted at number one in 12 countries, including the United States and United Kingdom. The album sold 880,000 copies in its first week, worldwide.[107] She described her third studio album as being "more stripped down but still cinematic and dark".[108]

text: A Rolling Stone article revealed that Del Rey would be a guest on Brian Wilson's forthcoming studio album No Pier Pressure.[109] Two new songs by Del Rey, "Big Eyes" and "I Can Fly", featured in Tim Burton's 2014 biographical film Big Eyes, which focused on the American artist Margaret Keane. "Big Eyes" was co-written by Daniel Heath, while "I Can Fly" was co-written by Rick Nowels.[110]

text: In December 2014, Del Rey announced she would be headlining a tour in Summer 2015, deemed "The Endless Summer Tour". Eight of the shows featured Courtney Love,[111] and ten of the shows featured Grimes. Also in December 2014, in an interview with Galore Magazine, Del Rey revealed she began working on a new album, which she said would be released sometime in 2015.[112] She told Grazia Magazine about how she wanted to introduce orchestrations with monumental choruses with a touch of subdued grunge for the album, "I played Mark Ronson ten songs that I have composed for this next album. It explores a sound close to the golden age of jazz", she said.[113] Earlier that month, Del Rey also mentioned to Galore Magazine that she is already at the recording stage for the album and that "[she's] also always writing small pieces for independent films etc. Dan Heath and Rick Nowels are two of my dearest friends and producers and we are always up to something."[114] In January 2015, Del Rey stated in an interview with the LA Times that a song on her new record would be titled "Music to Watch Boys To".[115] The same month, a song she recorded for Emile Haynie's album titled Wait for Life was released.[116] She also recorded "Life is Beautiful", a song featured in the trailer for the movie The Age of Adaline.

text: In June 2014, she said "I have this idea for this record called Music to Watch Boys To, so I'm just kind of thinking about that and what that would mean."[117] Del Rey later confirmed in an interview with Billboard that her new record would be entitled Honeymoon.[118]

text: On January 15, 2015, Del Rey received a BRIT Award nomination for International Female Solo Artist, her second nomination in the category and third overall.[119]

text: On July 14, 2015, Del Rey released "Honeymoon", the first and title track from the album.[120][121] She revealed that the album would contain fourteen tracks, describing the songs with "a muddy trap energy and some inspired by late-night Miles Davis drives".[122]

text: On August 4, 2015, Del Rey revealed the first single "High by the Beach", which was released on August 10, 2015.[123] On August 4, 2015, The Weeknd also revealed the track listing for his upcoming second studio album Beauty Behind the Madness which features a collaboration with Del Rey, entitled "Prisoner".[124] On August 21, 2015, she released "Terrence Loves You" as a promotional single, available instantly with the pre-order of the album.[125][126] The title track was later released as a promotional single on September 7, 2015.[127] Honeymoon was released on September 18, 2015[128] to general acclaim from music critics,[129] who praised the music and Del Rey's sophistication and vocal performance.

text: In November 2015, Del Rey executive produced a short film Hi How Are You Daniel Johnston, documenting the life of Daniel Johnston. For the film, she also covered one of Johnston's songs, called "Some Things Last a Long Time", from his album 1990. For the cover, she collaborated with producer Justin Parker.[130] Also in November 2015, Del Rey received the Trailblazer Award at the Billboard Women in Music ceremony[131] and won the MTV Europe Music Award for Best Alternative.[132]

text: On February 9, 2016, Del Rey hosted a premiere for the music video of her song "Freak". It was located at The Wiltern, in Los Angeles. The video debuted via Del Rey's VEVO on the same date. In December 2015, Del Rey started announcing festival dates for Europe and North America to promote Honeymoon.[133] She performed at these festivals from June 2016 to November 2016.

text: 2017: Lust for Life

text: In October 2015, Del Rey announced that she planned writing material for her new record.[134] She stated that her last two albums had a "Californian" sound, but if she were to make an album with a "New York" sound it would be a little harder, faster, more upbeat, and less dreamy.[135] In January 2016, Del Rey was nominated with the "Favorite Female Artist" award at the People's Choice Awards, and she also received a Brit Award nomination for International Female Solo Artist, her third nomination in the category and fourth overall.[136][137] In February and March 2016, Del Rey and her managers, respectively, officially revealed that she began working on her fifth studio album, just months after releasing her fourth.[138][139]

text: In 2016, Del Rey performed on two songs on The Weeknd's third studio album Starboy.[140] She provided uncredited backing vocals on "Party Monster" and was featured on an interlude entitled "Stargirl Interlude".[141]

text: "Love", the lead single off of Del Rey's fifth studio album, Lust for Life,[142] was released on February 18, 2017.[143][144][145] The music video was directed by Rich Lee.[146]

text: Soon after, Lust for Life was officially announced on March 29, 2017, when a trailer for the album was uploaded to Del Rey's Vevo channel.[142] The album includes collaborations with Stevie Nicks[147] and other artists,[148] and was released on July 21, 2017.[149] About the album, Del Rey stated "I made my first 4 albums for me, but this one is for my fans and about where I hope we are all headed."[150]

text: During a livestream in February 2017, Del Rey described the aesthetic of the album as having a "retro sensibility with a futuristic flair". She released the official cover art for Lust for Life on April 11, 2017. Her first collaboration, "Lust for Life" featuring The Weeknd, was released on April 19, 2017 as the second single from the album.[151] Del Rey released the song "Coachella – Woodstock in My Mind" on May 15, 2017.[152]

text: On July 12, BBC Radio 1 aired "Summer Bummer", which features A$AP Rocky and Playboi Carti, and "Groupie Love" which features Rocky as well.[153] Lust for Life received widespread critical acclaim and became Del Rey's third album number-one in the United Kingdom, and second album number-one album in the United States.[154][155]

text: On September 27, 2017, Del Rey announced the LA to the Moon Tour, an official concert tour with Jhené Aiko and Kali Uchis to further promote the album. The tour is scheduled to begin in North America during January 2018.[156] Further dates in South America, Australia, and Europe were also announced.

text: Lust for Life is nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album for the 60th Grammy Awards, it is Del Rey's second nomination in this category, and third Grammy Award nomination overall as a lead.[7]

text: Del Rey is set to feature on a track from Jonathan Wilson's upcoming album Rare Birds. The track is entitled "Living with Myself".[157]

text: Artistry

text: Musical style

text: Del Rey's musical sound has been dubbed "Hollywood sadcore" by music critics.[158][159] Her music has been repeatedly noted for its cinematic sound and its references to various aspects of pop culture, particularly that of 1950s and 1960s Americana.[c] Del Rey elaborated on this in an interview with Artistdirect, saying "I wasn't even born in the '50s but I feel like I was there."[167]

text: Associated with several styles, Del Rey's music has been tagged broadly as dream pop[168][169] or baroque pop[170][171][172] linked to various forms of rock,[173][174] indie music,[175] and trip hop,[176][177][178][179] and often touching on styles such as hip hop,[180] trap music,[181] and psychedelic rock on particular releases.[182] Of Born to Die, indie music journal Drowned in Sound wrote, "She likes that whole hip hop thing though, has this whole swagger thing going that not many girls like her got", adding that it sounded like a poppier Bond soundtrack.[183]

text: In "National Anthem", "Off to the Races,"[183] and "Diet Mountain Dew", Del Rey employs this alternative rapping technique.[176]

text: Del Rey's subsequent releases would introduce variant styles, particularly Ultraviolence, which employed a guitar-based sound akin to psychedelic and desert rock.[184] Kenneth Partridge of Billboard noted this shift in style, writing: "She sings about drugs, cars, money, and the bad boys she's always falling for, and while there remains a sepia-toned mid-century flavor to many of these songs, [Del Rey] is no longer fronting like a thugged-out Bette Davis."[185] Upon the release of Honeymoon, one reviewer characterized Del Rey's body of work as being "about music as a time warp, with her languorous croons over molasses-like arrangements meant to make clock hands seem to move so slowly that it feels possible, at times, they might go backwards."[186]

text: Del Rey has been described as a "self-styled gangsta Nancy Sinatra" and "Lolita lost in the hood."[187]

text: Prior to coming to prominence under the stage name Lana Del Rey, she performed under the names Lizzy Grant, Lana Rey Del Mar,[188] Sparkle Jump Rope Queen,[189] and May Jailer.[190] Under the stage name Lizzy Grant, she referred to her music as "Hawaiian glam metal",[191] while the work of her May Jailer project was acoustic.[190][192][193]

text: Influences

text: Del Rey cites a wide array of musical artists as influences, including numerous performers from the mid-twentieth century, including Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Nina Simone, Billie Holiday, Bobby Vinton, The Crystals, Miles Davis, The Shangri-Las, Janis Joplin, Axl Rose, The Eagles, Lou Reed, and Bruce Springsteen.[194] "[I really] just like the masters of every genre", she told BBC radio presenter Jo Whiley.[195] Her favorite artists include Bob Dylan, Frank Sinatra, Jeff Buckley, Joan Baez and Leonard Cohen. She covered Cohen's "Chelsea Hotel #2" in 2013.[85] Janis Joplin's live version of "Summertime" from the Cheap Thrills album is one of Del Rey's favorite songs. Del Rey has also cited "Time of the Season" by The Zombies and "Hotel California" by The Eagles as favorites and inspirations.[196]

text: Her favorite films, The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, and American Beauty have also inspired her musical style.[197] Inspired by poetry, Del Rey cites Walt Whitman and Allen Ginsberg as instrumental to her songwriting; specifically, she named Leaves of Grass by Whitman and "Howl" by Ginsberg. Her song, "Body Electric" from her third EP, Paradise, alludes to Whitman in the lyric, "Whitman is my daddy". The song's chorus of "I sing the body electric" is a direct reference to Whitman's poem "I Sing The Body Electric".[196][198] She recited Whitman's poem "Song of Myself" for the French fashion magazine, L'Officiel Paris.[83] Del Rey has also cited the surrealist film directors David Lynch and Federico Fellini and the surrealist painters Mark Ryden and Pablo Picasso as influences.[167][199] Lynch's film Blue Velvet (1986) inspired both the imagery and style of Del Rey's "Blue Velvet" cover.

text: Voice and timbre

text: Del Rey possesses an expansive contralto vocal range, which spans three-plus octaves and has been described as captivating and highly emotive, ranging from high notes in a girlish timbre to jazzy ornaments in her lower gesture with great ease.[200][201][202][203] Following the release of Ultraviolence, which was recorded live in single takes and lacking Pro Tools vocal editing, critics fell into favor with Del Rey's vocal ability, praising her large range, increased vocal confidence, and uniquely emotive delivery.[204][205][206] When recording in the studio Del Rey is known for vocal multi-layering, which, as it has been noted, is difficult for her to replicate within a live setting, especially with the lack of backing singers to fill out the original vocal style.[200] Stage fright has also been noted as a major contribution to Del Rey's struggles with live performances.[207] However, journalists noted in 2014 that her live performances had increased exponentially in confidence. Billboard deemed the Coachella debut of "West Coast" to be a "star-making performance" and lauded the singer's vocal abilities.[208][209] Contemporary music critics have called her voice "smoky",[210] "gravelly",[191] and reminiscent of Marilyn Monroe.[191] Upon the 2015 release of Honeymoon, her voice was compared by Los Angeles Times critic Mikael Wood to those of Julee Cruise and Eartha Kitt.[211]

text: Del Rey started the use of her lower vocals on the tracks from Born to Die, claiming that "people weren't taking me very seriously, so I lowered my voice, believing that it would help me stand out. Now I sing quite low... well, for a female anyway".[212][213][214]

text: "I sing low now, but my voice used to be a lot higher. Because of the way I look, I needed something to ground the entire project. Otherwise I think people would assume I was some airhead singer. Well, I don't think... I know. I've sung one way, and sung another, and I've seen what people are drawn to", she said on the topic.[21]

text: Live performances

text: Critics have noted Del Rey for her typically simple, but authentic live performances.[215] A September 2017 concert review published in The New York Times noted: "For more than an hour, Ms. Del Rey was eerily casual, singing and smiling with the ease of someone performing at singer-songwriter night at the local coffee shop."[215] Another review by Roy Train published in The Hollywood Reporter in 2014 noted "a distance in her bonhomie, obvious even from my perch at the opposite end of the stage high above the fray, the chill still palpable."[216]

text: Other ventures

text: In 2010, Del Rey acted in a short film called Poolside, which she made with several friends on a reported budget of $400.[217]

text: On January 4, 2012, it was reported she had signed a deal with Next Model Management agency.[218] H&M confirmed that Del Rey would be modeling and recording a cover version of the popular 1950s prom anthem "Blue Velvet" for their 2012 Autumn Campaign.[219][220] H&M's 2012 Winter campaign, featuring Lana Del Rey, was released on October 12. This is the second H&M campaign Lana Del Rey is featured in.[221][222][223]

text: On August 22, 2012, executives announced that Del Rey would endorse their new Jaguar F-Type which was unveiled by Del Rey at the Paris Motor Show in September 2012. Adrian Hallmark, Jaguar's global brand director, explained their choice, saying Del Rey had "a unique blend of authenticity and modernity".[224][225]

text: The song "Burning Desire", which was initially available for immediate digital download upon pre-ordering Del Rey's third EP, Paradise, was later made available for purchase on Amazon.com and 7digital as a stand-alone download on March 19, 2013, one month after its music video hit YouTube. The song serves as the title track to a 13-minute promotional short film for the Jaguar F-Type, called Desire. The film, directed by Adam Smith, was produced by Ridley Scott and stars Damian Lewis.[226][227]

text: Public image

text: Prior to the release of her debut major label album Born to Die in 2012, Del Rey was the subject of several articles discussing her image and career trajectory.[d] One article by Paul Harris published by The Guardian just a week before the album's release noted the differences between Del Rey's perceived persona in 2008, when she performed under the stage name Lizzy Grant, and in the present, as Lana Del Rey.[229] Harris wrote:

text: The internet has allowed figures like [Del Rey] to come rapidly to the fore of the cultural landscape, whether or not their emergence is planned by a record executive or happens spontaneously from someone's bedroom. It has speeded up the fame cycle. It is worth noting that the huge backlash to Del Rey is happening before her first album has even been released. This reveals a cultural obsession with the "authenticity" that fans, artists and corporations all prize above all else.[229]

text: Tony Simon, a producer who had worked with Del Rey in 2009, defended her against the public claims of inauthenticity and allegations that she was a product of her record label: "To be clear, all the detractors saying she's some made-up-by-the-machine pop star are full of shit. While it's impossible to keep the businesses' hands out the pop when creating a pop star, the roots of where this all comes from are firmly inside of Lizzy Grant."[34]

text: Del Rey would later respond to this in a 2017 interview, stating: "I didn’t edit myself [on Born to Die] when I could have, because a lot of its just the way it was. I mean, because I’ve changed a lot and a lot of those songs, it’s not that I don’t relate but… A lot of it too is I was just kinda nervous. I came off sort of nervously, and there was just a lot of dualities, a lot of juxtapositions going on that maybe just felt like something was a little off. Maybe the thing that was off was that I needed a little more time or something, and also my path was just so windy just to get to having a first record. I feel like I had to figure it out all by myself. Every move was just guesswork."[231]

text: Having been labeled as antifeminist multiple times in the past,[76][78][79] Del Rey dismissed feminism in June 2014, telling The Fader: "For me, the issue of feminism is just not an interesting concept. I'm more interested in, you know, SpaceX and Tesla, what's going to happen with our intergalactic possibilities. Whenever people bring up feminism, I'm like, God. I'm just not really that interested."[citation needed]

text: She also defended herself against the accusations of antifeminism, saying "For me, a true feminist is someone who is a woman who does exactly what she wants. If my choice is to, I don't know, be with a lot of men, or if I enjoy a really physical relationship, I don't think that's necessarily being anti-feminist. For me the argument of feminism never really should have come into the picture. Because I don't know too much about the history of feminism, and so I'm not really a relevant person to bring into the conversation. Everything I was writing was so autobiographical, it could really only be a personal analysis."[232]

text: In February 2017, Del Rey implied she had plans to take part in a magic binding ritual against Donald Trump on or about February 24, March 26, April 24, May 23,[233] which she again confirmed in July 2017.[234][235]

text: Personal life

text: Del Rey stated that she suffered from alcoholism at a young age, but has been sober since 2004.[14] In September 2012, she told GQ:

text: I was a big drinker at the time. I would drink every day. I would drink alone. I thought the whole concept was so fucking cool. A great deal of what I wrote on Born to Die is about these wilderness years. When I write about the thing that I've lost I feel like I'm writing about alcohol because that was the first love of my life. My parents were worried, I was worried. I knew it was a problem when I liked it more than I liked doing anything else. I was like, 'I'm fucked. I am totally fucked'. Like, at first it's fine and you think you have a dark side – it's exciting – and then you realise the dark side wins every time if you decide to indulge in it. It's also a completely different way of living when you know that... a different species of person. It was the worst thing that ever happened to me.[236]

text: She was in a relationship with Kassidy member Barrie-James O'Neill from August 2011 until June 2014.[237][238][239] Previously, she was in a relationship with alternative rock and antifolk musician Steven Mertens, who produced her debut album, Lana Del Ray, before it was re-recorded by David Kahne.[15]

text: Del Rey moved to a home near Hancock Park in June 2014 (after living in New York City and London, England in the previous years), and she resided there with her siblings, Caroline and Charlie, for some time.[240] She relocated to a secluded beach-front home in Malibu, California, in June 2015, after dealing with trespassers at her former house.[241] She also purchased two adjacent mansions (in addition to her Malibu home) in Studio City, Los Angeles in September 2016.[242] Del Rey is Roman Catholic.[243]

text: Del Rey's left hand is tattooed with the letter "M", referencing her grandmother, Madeleine,[78] and the word "paradise".[244] Her right hand is tattooed with the phrase "trust no one".[245]

text: Discography

text:
Lana Del Ray (2010)
Born to Die (2012)
Ultraviolence (2014)
Honeymoon (2015)
Lust for Life (2017)

text: Filmography

text:
Key

Denotes films made as accompaniment pieces to Del Rey songs

text:
Year
Film
Role
Notes

2010
Poolside
Lisa
Short film; credited as Lizzy Grant

2012
National Anthem
Marilyn Monroe/Jacqueline Kennedy
Short film/music video

2012
Ride
Artist
Short film/music video

2013
Tropico
Eve/Virgin Mary
Short film/music video

2016
Freak
Pamela Courson
Short film/music video

text: Tours

text:
Born to Die Tour (2011–2012)[246]
Paradise Tour (2013–2014)[246]
The Endless Summer Tour (2015)
LA to the Moon Tour (2018)

text: Awards and nominations

text: Del Rey's work has earned her numerous awards and nominations; she has won the Q Award for "Best New Thing", a GQ Award for "Woman of the Year", two BRIT Awards for "International Breakthrough Act" and "International Female Solo Artist", and an EMA for "Best Alternative Act".

text: In 2013, she received her first Grammy nominations at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. These nominations include Best Pop Vocal Album for Paradise and Best Song Written for Visual Media for "Young and Beautiful".[247]

text: In 2015, Del Rey won the MTV Europe Music Award for "Best Alternative". She also received the Trailblazer Award at the 2015 Billboard Women in Music event.

text: In 2016, Del Rey received "Best Female Artist of the Year" award from The Elle Style Awards by Elle magazine.[248]

text: In 2017, Del Rey received her received her fourth Grammy nomination at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards, in the category Best Pop Vocal Album for Lust for Life.[249]

text: Notes

text:
Jump up ^ It was noted in articles published in Rolling Stone[9] the Irish Independent,[24] Clash,[25] and Yahoo[26] that Del Rey attended the Kent School on financial aid.
Jump up ^ In mid-2012, Spinner[35] and NME[36] published articles regarding the leak of an album titled Sirens, recorded circa 2005 and attributed to Del Rey, who had recorded the songs under the stage name May Jailer.[37][38][39]
Jump up ^ Both critics and Del Rey herself have noted a persistent theme of Americana in her music. Articles published in The Huffington Post[160] The New Yorker,[161] Idolator,[162][163] Art+Action,[164] The Daily Mail,[165] and Vulture[166] have noted this.
Jump up ^ Several articles were published prior to the release of Born to Die that noted critical and public perceptions regarding the evolution of Del Rey's image. The presence of such thinkpieces circulating was noted in a 2011 Pitchfork article,[228] and would later be written on extensively in articles published in The Guardian[229] and Spin.[230]


document_title: The Deuce (TV series)

question_text: when does episode 2 of the deuce come out

root

text: The Deuce (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: In New York, the violence of the drug epidemic is worsening. Twin brothers Vincent and Frankie Martino become fronts for the Mob while operating out of Times Square, which is also the home of "Candy," a sex worker who turns to the now legal emerging porn industry.

tag: p

text: Conception[edit]

text: Marc Henry Johnson, an assistant locations manager on Treme, introduced Simon and Pelecanos to a man in New York who told them vivid accounts from his stint as a mob front for bars and massage parlors in 1970s Manhattan. "The characters were so rich, and that's what it all comes down to," said Pelecanos. Inspired by these stories, the producers set out to present a fictional account of the era. "Some of it happened," said Simon. "Some of it didn't happen. Some of it might have happened. But all of it could have happened."[8]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
James Franco as Vincent Martino and Frankie Martino, twin brothers operating out of Times Square who become fronts for the Mob.[1]
Maggie Gyllenhaal as Eileen "Candy" Merrell, a Times Square sex worker with an entrepreneurial spirit who is drawn into the emerging pornography industry.[9]
Gbenga Akinnagbe as Larry Brown, an intense and demanding pimp who physically intimidates his stable of women but also has moments that betray a conflicted, underlying humanity.[10]
Chris Bauer as Bobby Dwyer, Vincent and Frankie Martino’s brother-in-law, a construction foreman and family man whose eyes are opened by their adventures along the Deuce.[10]
Gary Carr as C.C., an affable but ruthless pimp.[4]
Chris Coy as Paul Hendrickson, a kindred spirit to Vincent Martino and a veteran bartender who pursues his own personal and professional ambitions in the emerging gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender community of '70s New York.[11]
Dominique Fishback as Darlene, a young, sweet-natured prostitute who's trying to survive on the street while under the thumb of a volatile, violent pimp.[12]
Lawrence Gilliard Jr. as Chris Alston, an NYPD patrolman.[12]
Margarita Levieva as Abigail "Abby" Parker, an adventurous college student who strikes up a relationship with Vincent.[12]
Emily Meade as Lori, a young woman newly arrived to New York City from Minnesota.[1]
Natalie Paul as Sandra Washington, a newspaper reporter who's investigating the Times Square sex industry.[13]
Michael Rispoli as Rudy Pipilo, a Gambino family capo who oversees the Mob's financial interests in the sex business.[13]

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Pernell Walker as Ruby "Thunder Thighs", an opinionated sex worker who embodies her unorthodox aesthetics and works to survive, rather than to provoke sensationalism.[14]
Method Man as Rodney
Tariq Trotter as Reggie Love
Daniel Sauli as Tommy Longo
David Krumholtz as Harvey Wasserman[15]
Don Harvey as Danny Flanagan[4]
Mustafa Shakir as Big Mike, a man of few words, a physically imposing loner who becomes Vincent’s primary muscle and fiercely devoted friend.[11]
Anwan Glover as Leon[1]
Jamie Neumann as Ashley[4]
Sepideh Moafi as Loretta
Ralph Macchio as Officer Haddix, a jaded vice cop patrolling Times Square in the corrupt police force of 1970s New York.[16]
Zoe Kazan[17] as Andrea, Vincent's wife
James Ciccone as Carmine Patriccia, a mob underboss who works out of a Mulberry Street street social club and is one big rung above Rudy Pipilo.
Garry Pastore as Matthew Ianniello, the Genovese Family crime boss who ran the Times Square porn industry during the 1970s and 1980s.
Finn Robbins as Adam, Candy's son who lives with Candy's mother.
Gino Vento as Carlos, driver and bodyguard for mobster Rudy Pipilo.
Aaron Dean Eisenberg as Todd Lang, a classically trained, but starving actor, Todd has had a few successes. To make ends meet, he starts acting in a few porn films, and quickly finds a home. For now.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"Pilot"
Michelle MacLaren
George Pelecanos & David Simon
August 25, 2017 (2017-08-25) (online)
September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10) (HBO)
0.830[18]

2
"Show and Prove"
Ernest Dickerson
Richard Price & George Pelecanos
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
0.839[19]

3
"The Principle Is All"
James Franco
David Simon & Richard Price
September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)
0.992[20]

4
"I See Money"
Alex Hall
Story by : George Pelecanos and Lisa Lutz
Teleplay by : Lisa Lutz
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
0.941[21]

5
"What Kind of Bad?"
Uta Briesewitz
Story by : Richard Price
Teleplay by : Will Ralston & Chris Yakaitis
October 8, 2017 (2017-10-08)
0.888[22]

6
"Why Me?"[23]
Roxann Dawson
Story by : Richard Price and Marc Henry Johnson
Teleplay by : Marc Henry Johnson
October 15, 2017 (2017-10-15)
TBD

7
"Au Reservoir"[24]
James Franco
Story by : David Simon and Megan Abbott
Teleplay by : Megan Abbott
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)
TBD

8
"My Name Is Ruby"[25]
Michelle MacLaren
David Simon & George Pelecanos
October 29, 2017 (2017-10-29)
TBD

tag: table

text:
It was important to me that we don’t ever shoot in a way that isn’t real, or how it would actually look. If you put a camera on two people having sex, it’s not necessarily going to look beautiful and romantic.
... Sometimes there’s a beauty in the ugliness of the truth. To me, when you are authentic and real to what something looks like, it brings a different kind of beauty in the honesty of it.
  — Director of The Deuce pilot, Michelle MacLaren, The Ringer, September 6, 2017[26]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The Deuce has received critical acclaim. On Metacritic, it has a score of 86 out of 100 based on 34 reviews.[27] On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 91% approval rating with an average rating of 8.53 out of 10 based on 65 reviews. The site's critical consensus is, "The Deuce again demonstrates David Simon's masterful grasp of urban grit, while never losing detailed sight of its colorful characters."[28]

text: Daniel Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter gave it a highly positive review, praising its ensemble cast, and wrote in conclusion, "Simon and Pelecanos are just beginning to put the machinery of The Deuce into motion in these eight episodes. As an opening act, the show's first season is substantive, provocative and entertaining."[29] Charles Bramesco of The Guardian gave it a five star review and wrote, "Simon has created his most accessible work of humanism to date, and he's done so without sacrificing his loftier ambitions of societal critique."[30]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The premiere episode received 830,000 viewers on HBO for its initial airing and additional 342,000 viewers for its encore later that night, on September 10, 2017. The episode was previously made available online through on-demand and HBO Go on August 25 and received 1.1 million viewers. Cumulatively, through all platforms, the episode received 2.2 million viewers.[18]


document_title: Division of Korea

question_text: when did south korea and north korea split

text: Division of Korea

text: Historical background[edit]

text: Korea under Japanese rule (1910–1945)[edit]

text: When the Russo-Japanese War ended in 1905 Korea became a nominal protectorate of, and was annexed in 1910 by, Japan. The Korean king Gojong was removed. In the following decades, nationalist and radical groups emerged, mostly in exile, to struggle for independence. Divergent in their outlooks and approaches, these groups failed to unite in one national movement.[1][2] The Korean Provisional Government in China failed to obtain widespread recognition.[3]

text: End of World War II[edit]

text: In November 1943, Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Chiang Kai-shek met at the Cairo Conference to discuss what should happen to Japan's colonies, and agreed that Japan should lose all the territories it had conquered by force. In the declaration after this conference, Korea was mentioned for the first time. The three powers declared that they were, "mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, ... determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent."[4][5]

text: At the Tehran Conference in November 1943 and the Yalta Conference in February 1945, the Soviet Union promised to join its allies in the Pacific War in two to three months after victory in Europe. On August 8, 1945, three months to the day after the end of hostilities in Europe, and two days after the atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan.[6] Soviet troops advanced rapidly, and the US government became anxious that they would occupy the whole of Korea. On August 10, 1945 two young officers – Dean Rusk and Charles Bonesteel – were assigned to define an American occupation zone. Working on extremely short notice and completely unprepared, they used a National Geographic map to decide on the 38th parallel. They chose it because it divided the country approximately in half but would place the capital Seoul under American control. No experts on Korea were consulted. The two men were unaware that forty years before, Japan and pre-revolutionary Russia had discussed sharing Korea along the same parallel. Rusk later said that had he known, he "almost surely" would have chosen a different line.[7][8] The division placed sixteen million Koreans in the American zone and nine million in the Soviet zone.[9] To the surprise of the Americans, the Soviet Union immediately accepted the division. The agreement was incorporated into General Order No. 1 (approved on 17 August 1945) for the surrender of Japan.[10]

text: Soviet forces began amphibious landings in Korea by August 14 and rapidly took over the north-east of the country, and on August 16 they landed at Wonsan.[11] On August 24, the Red Army reached Pyongyang.[10]

text: General Abe Nobuyuki, the last Japanese Governor-General of Korea, had established contact with a number of influential Koreans since the beginning of August 1945 to prepare the hand-over of power. Throughout August, Koreans organized people's committee branches for the "Committee for the Preparation of Korean Independence" (CPKI, 조선건국준비위원회), headed by Lyuh Woon-hyung, a left-wing politician. On September 6, 1945, a congress of representatives was convened in Seoul and founded the short-lived People's Republic of Korea.[12][13]

text: Post-World War II[edit]

text: In December 1945, at the Moscow Conference, the Allies agreed that the Soviet Union, the US, the Republic of China, and Britain would take part in a trusteeship over Korea for up to five years in the lead-up to independence. Many Koreans demanded independence immediately; however, the Korean Communist Party, which was closely aligned with the Soviet Communist party, supported the trusteeship.[14][15] The US President Franklin Roosevelt had initiated the idea of the trusteeship for Korea in 1943.[16]

text: A Soviet-US Joint Commission met in 1946 and 1947 to work towards a unified administration, but failed to make progress due to increasing Cold War antagonism and to Korean opposition to the trusteeship.[17] Meanwhile, the division between the two zones deepened. The difference in policy between the occupying powers led to a polarization of politics, and a transfer of population between North and South.[18] In May 1946 it was made illegal to cross the 38th parallel without a permit.[19]

text: US occupation of South Korea[edit]

text: With the American government fearing Soviet expansion, and the Japanese authorities in Korea warning of a power vacuum, the embarkation date of the US occupation force was brought forward three times.[3]

text: On September 7, 1945, General Douglas MacArthur announced that Lieutenant General John R. Hodge was to administer Korean affairs, and Hodge landed in Incheon with his troops the next day. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea, which had operated from China, sent a delegation with three interpreters to Hodge, but he refused to meet with them.[20] Likewise, Hodge refused to recognize the newly formed People's Republic of Korea and its People's Committees, and outlawed it on 12 December.[21]

text: In September 1946, thousands of laborers and peasants rose up against the military government. This uprising was quickly defeated, and failed to prevent scheduled October elections for the South Korean Interim Legislative Assembly.

text: The ardent anti-communist Syngman Rhee, who had been the first president of the Provisional Government and later worked as a pro-Korean lobbyist in the US, became the most prominent politician in the South. On July 19, 1947, Lyuh Woon-hyung, the last senior politician committed to left-right dialogue, was assassinated by a right-winger.[22]

text: The government conducted a number of military campaigns against left-wing insurgents. Over the course of the next few years, between 30,000[23] and 100,000 people were killed.[24]

text: Soviet occupation of North Korea[edit]

text: When Soviet troops entered Pyongyang, they found a local branch of the Committee for the Preparation of Korean Independence operating under the leadership of veteran nationalist Cho Man-sik.[25] The Soviet Army allowed these "People's Committees" (which were friendly to the Soviet Union) to function. Colonel-General Terentii Shtykov set up the Soviet Civil Administration, taking control of the committees and placing communists in key positions.

text: In February 1946 a provisional government called the Provisional People's Committee was formed under Kim Il-sung, who had spent the last years of the war training with Soviet troops in Manchuria. Conflicts and power struggles ensued at the top levels of government in Pyongyang as different aspirants maneuvered to gain positions of power in the new government. In March 1946 the provisional government instituted a sweeping land-reform program: land belonging to Japanese and collaborator landowners was divided and redistributed to poor farmers.[26] Organizing the many poor civilians and agricultural laborers under the people's committees, a nationwide mass campaign broke the control of the old landed classes. Landlords were allowed to keep only the same amount of land as poor civilians who had once rented their land, thereby making for a far more equal distribution of land. The North Korean land reform was achieved in a less violent way than in China or in Vietnam. Official American sources stated: "From all accounts, the former village leaders were eliminated as a political force without resort to bloodshed, but extreme care was taken to preclude their return to power."[27] The farmers responded positively; many collaborators and former landowners fled to the south, where some of them obtained positions in the new South Korean government. According to the U.S. military government, 400,000 northern Koreans went south as refugees.[28]

text: Key industries were nationalized. The economic situation was nearly as difficult in the north as it was in the south, as the Japanese had concentrated agriculture in the south and heavy industry in the north.

text: Soviet forces departed in 1948.[29]

text: UN intervention and the formation of separate governments[edit]

text: With the failure of the Joint Commission to make progress, the US brought the problem before the United Nations in September 1947. The Soviet Union opposed UN involvement. At that time, the US had more influence over the UN than the USSR.[30] The UN passed a resolution on November 14, 1947, declaring that free elections should be held, foreign troops should be withdrawn, and a UN commission for Korea, the United Nations Temporary Commission on Korea (UNTCOK), should be created. The Soviet Union boycotted the voting and did not consider the resolution to be binding, arguing that the UN could not guarantee fair elections. In the absence of Soviet co-operation, it was decided to hold UN-supervised elections in the south only.[31][32] Some UNTCOK delegates felt that the conditions in the south gave unfair advantage to right-wing candidates, but they were overruled.[33]

text: The decision to proceed with separate elections was unpopular among many Koreans, who rightly saw it as a prelude to a permanent division of the country. General strikes in protest against the decision began in February 1948.[19] In April, Jeju islanders rose up against the looming division of the country. South Korean troops were sent to repress the rebellion. Tens of thousands of islanders were killed and by one estimate, 70% of the villages were burned by the South Korean troops.[34] The uprising flared up again with the outbreak of the Korean War.[35]

text: In April 1948, a conference of organizations from the north and the south met in Pyongyang, but the conference produced no results. The southern politicians Kim Koo and Kim Kyu-sik attended the conference and boycotted the elections in the south, as did other politicians and parties.[36][37] Kim Koo was assassinated the following year.[38]

text: On May 10, 1948 the south held a general election. On August 15, the "Republic of Korea" formally took over power from the U.S. military, with Syngman Rhee as the first president. In the North, the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea" was declared on September 9, with Kim Il-sung as prime minister.

text: On December 12, 1948, the United Nations General Assembly accepted the report of UNTCOK and declared the Republic of Korea to be the "only lawful government in Korea".[39]

text: Unrest continued in the South. In October 1948, the Yeosu–Suncheon Rebellion took place, in which some regiments rejected the suppression of the Jeju uprising and rebelled against the government.[40] In 1949, the Syngman Rhee government established the Bodo League in order to keep an eye on its political opponents. The majority of the Bodo League's members were innocent farmers and civilians who were forced into membership.[41] The registered members or their families were executed at the beginning of the Korean War. On December 24, 1949, South Korean Army massacred Mungyeong citizens who were suspected communist sympathizers or their family and affixed blame to communists.[42]

text: Korean War[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: This division of Korea, after more than a millennium of being unified, was seen as controversial and temporary by both regimes. From 1948 until the start of the civil war on June 25, 1950, the armed forces of each side engaged in a series of bloody conflicts along the border. In 1950, these conflicts escalated dramatically when North Korean forces invaded South Korea, triggering the Korean War. The North overran much of the South until pushed back by a US-led United Nations intervention. The UN forces then occupied most of the North, until Chinese forces intervened and restored communist control of the North.

text: The Korean Armistice Agreement was signed after three years of war. The two sides agreed to create a four-kilometer-wide buffer zone between the states, known as the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). This new border, reflecting the territory held by each side at the end of the war, crossed the 38th parallel diagonally.

text: Geneva Conference and NNSC[edit]

text: As dictated by the terms of the Korean Armistice, a Geneva Conference was held in 1954 on the Korean question. Despite efforts by many of the nations involved, the conference ended without a declaration for a unified Korea.

text: The Armistice established a Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (NNSC) which was tasked to monitor the Armistice. Since 1953, members of the Swiss[43] and Swedish[44] Armed Forces have been members of the NNSC stationed near the DMZ.

text: Post-armistice relations[edit]

text: Since the war, Korea has remained divided along the DMZ. North and South have remained in a state of conflict, with the opposing regimes both claiming to be the legitimate government of the whole country. Sporadic negotiations have failed to produce lasting progress towards reunification.[45]


document_title: The Tick (2016 TV series)

question_text: who plays the tick in the new tick series

text: The Tick (2016 TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The Tick is a nigh-invulnerable superhero in a blue tick costume who arrives in The City to help combat crime, and uncover the mysterious figure behind the city's underworld. He befriends (or may have been imagined into existence by) a nervous and mild-mannered young man called Arthur who becomes his sidekick: They come to realize that an apparently long-dead supervillian called "The Terror" may still be pulling the strings in the city's underworld.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Peter Serafinowicz as The Tick
Griffin Newman as Arthur Everest
Valorie Curry as Dot Everest
Brendan Hines as Superian
Yara Martinez as Miss Lint
Scott Speiser as Overkill
Jackie Earle Haley as The Terror

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Michael Cerveris as Ramses IV
Bryan Greenberg as Derek
Alan Tudyk as the voice of Dangerboat

text: Production[edit]

text: In March 2016, it was announced that Amazon Video had ordered a pilot for a The Tick reboot with Peter Serafinowicz starring as The Tick along with Griffin Newman as Arthur. Co-starring in the pilot would be Valorie Curry as Arthur's sister Dot and Brendan Hines as Superian. In April 2016, Jackie Earle Haley was cast as The Terror.[1] In September 2016, Amazon Prime picked up the show for a full season of 12 episodes.[2]

text: Release[edit]

text: The pilot of The Tick premiered on Amazon Video on August 18, 2016. In September 2016, Amazon Prime picked up the show for a full season of 12 episodes. The first six episodes of the first season were released on August 25, 2017.[3] The remaining six episodes of the first season will be released on February 23, 2018.[4]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
"The Tick"
Wally Pfister
Ben Edlund
August 18, 2016 (2016-08-18)

In a world where superheroes and villains are very real, unassuming office temp Arthur becomes obsessed with a sinister conspiracy he believes has taken over his City. Everyone thinks he's crazy, except his mysterious new ally, The Tick, a bizarre blue superhero who might just be a figment of Arthur's imagination.

2
"Where's My Mind"
Wally Pfister
Ben Edlund
August 25, 2017 (2017-08-25)

Tick and Arthur have a run-in with local villainess Miss Lint and her gang, who will stop at nothing to get back the mysterious supersuit that Tick took from them and gave to Arthur. Dot, Arthur's paramedic sister, moonlights for an unsavory business.

3
"Secret / Identity"
Romeo Tirone
David Fury
August 25, 2017 (2017-08-25)

Arthur takes a break from hunting the Terror and tries to get back to his safe, normal, and unheroic life as an accountant unaware he's being stalked by the menacing vigilante Overkill. Tick confesses to an existential crisis.

4
"Party Crashers"
Sheree Folkson
Joe Piarulli and Luan Thomas
August 25, 2017 (2017-08-25)

Tick crashes an Everest family party to convince Arthur's sister Dot of her brother's super-heroic destiny. Another more dangerous party-crasher arrives to threaten Arthur and his family.

5
"Fear of Flying"
Lev L. Spiro
Susan Hurwitz Arneson
August 25, 2017 (2017-08-25)

Tick and Dot help Arthur try to control his flyaway supersuit as the Pyramid Gang pursues them. Miss Lint has an unexpected caller.

6
"Rising"
Romeo Tirone
Jose Molina
August 25, 2017 (2017-08-25)

Tick and Arthur try to use Ramses to prove that the Terror is alive and run into trouble. Miss Lint takes the advice of an old friend.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% approval rating with an average rating of 7.3/10 based on 37 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Likeable characters add realism and heart to the tongue-in-cheek humor and high-octane action that fuels The Tick."[5] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 72 out of 100, based on reviews from 23 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[6]

text: Rick Austin of Fortress of Solitude gave the show a score of 4/5 and felt that the show had managed to fix several of the flaws he saw in the pilot episode. He concluded "With so few good superhero comedies out there, this is exactly the show the world needs."[7]