document_title: England at the FIFA World Cup

question_text: when was the last time england won the world cup

question_tokens: when was the last time england won the world cup

text: England at the FIFA World Cup

text: Records[edit]

text:
Year
Round
Position
GP
W
D*
L
GF
GA

 1930 to  1938
Did not enter

 1950
Group Stage
8th
3
1
0
2
2
2

 1954
Quarter-finals
7th
3
1
1
1
8
8

 1958
Group stage
11th
4
0
3
1
4
5

 1962
Quarter-finals
8th
4
1
1
2
5
6

 1966
Champions
1st
6
5
1
0
11
3

 1970
Quarter-finals
8th
4
2
0
2
4
4

 1974 to  1978
Did not qualify

 1982
Second group stage
6th
5
3
2
0
6
1

 1986
Quarter-finals
8th
5
2
1
2
7
3

 1990
Fourth place
4th
7
3
3
1
8
6

 1994
Did not qualify

 1998
Round of 16
9th
4
2
1
1
7
4

 2002
Quarter-finals
6th
5
2
2
1
6
3

 2006
Quarter-finals
7th
5
3
2
0
6
2

 2010
Round of 16
13th
4
1
2
1
3
5

 2014
Group stage
26th
3
0
1
2
2
4

 2018
Qualified
TBD

 2022
TBD
TBD

Total
15/21
1 Title
62
26
20
16
79
56

text: Results[edit]

text: Brazil 1950[edit]

text: England's first qualifying campaign for the FIFA World Cup doubled as the 1950 British Home Championship. The series kicked off for England on 15 October 1949 at Ninian Park, Cardiff, against Wales. Stan Mortensen gave England the lead after twenty two minutes, and just seven minutes later, Jackie Milburn doubled the lead. This was the first goal of Milburn's hat trick, which left England 4–0 up with 20 minutes to play. Mal Griffiths scored a consolation goal for Wales ten minutes from time, but England held on for a comfortable victory.

text: A month later, England welcomed Ireland to Maine Road, and it began well for the home side as Jack Rowley scored inside six minutes. England were already 6–0 up, thanks to Jack Froggatt, two for Stan Pearson, Stan Mortensen and a second from Rowley, by the time Ireland struck back through Samuel Smyth after 55 minutes. Rowley added a third and a fourth to his tally in the three minutes following Smyth's goal, however, leaving the score at 8–1 at the hour mark. The frantic scoring rate calmed down after that, with only one apeice before the final whistle, with Stan Pearson completing his brace for England's ninth, and Bobby Brennan scoring for Ireland.

text: It was not until May 1950 that England travelled to Hampden Park to face Scotland, who were also undefeated after their games against Ireland and Wales. With the top two from the group qualifying, both teams were guaranteed progression to the finals, and the game was solely for the honour of winning the British Home Championship, and the seeding advantage to be enjoyed upon reaching Brazil. A solitary goal from Roy Bentley gave England the victory, the title and the top spot in the group.

text: England were seeded in pot one for the finals, which meant they were the favourites to progress from Group 2, which also contained Spain, Chile and the United States. England's campaign kicked off against Chile in Rio de Janeiro, and, as was expected, England cruised to a 2–0 victory, courtesy of goals from Stan Mortensen and Wilf Mannion.

text: Their troubles began four days later when they faced the Americans in Belo Horizonte in what has become one of the most famous matches of all time. Joe Gaetjens scored the only goal of the match to give the United States an unlikely victory, which has gone down as one of the World Cup's greatest upsets. The English newspapers were so confident of an English victory that when the result was telegrammed back, they assumed a misprint and printed the score as 10–1 in England's favour.

text: This left England in a sticky situation prior to their final match, against Spain in Rio. They needed to win, and for Chile to beat the United States to stand any chance of going through, and even then they would need the goal averages to fall in their favour. As it turned out, no such calculations were necessary, as Spain's Zarra scored the only goal of the game, eliminating England from the competition. The team returned to England with their tails between their legs.

text:
Player
Club
Qualifying
Goals
Finals
Goals
Total
Goals

Stan Mortensen
 Blackpool
3
1
4

Jack Rowley
 Manchester United
4
0
4

Jackie Milburn
 Newcastle United
3
0
3

Stan Pearson
 Manchester United
2
0
2

Wilf Mannion
 Middlesbrough
0
1
1

Roy Bentley
 Chelsea
1
0
1

Jack Froggatt
 Portsmouth
1
0
1

text: Switzerland 1954[edit]

text: As with their first World Cup, England's qualifying for the 1954 edition also constituted the 1954 British Home Championship. They played Wales at Ninian Park as their first match once again, and the 4–1 result was the same. However, unlike four years earlier, it was the home side that went into the lead, after twenty two minutes through Ivor Allchurch. Despite being 1–0 down at half time, England scored four within eight minutes of the restart; two each for Dennis Wilshaw and Nat Lofthouse.

text: Goodison Park was the venue for England's home clash against Ireland, who were newly renamed Northern Ireland in FIFA's eyes. Harold Hassall got England off to a good start with a goal after just ten minutes. Eddie McMorran put the Irish back on terms just before the hour mark, but Hassall completed his brace six minutes later. Lofthouse completed a comfortable 3–1 win for England.

text: With the top two in the group qualifying for the finals, the final game between England and Scotland, at Hampden Park, settled nothing except the placings within the group, despite Scotland having dropped a point with a 3–3 draw at home to Wales. Allan Brown put the home side ahead after just seven minutes, but it was all square again thanks to Ivor Broadis just four minutes later. Johnny Nicholls gave England the lead for the first time just after half time, and they began to extend a lead after Ronnie Allen's 68th-minute goal. Jimmy Mullen made the game all but certain seven minutes from time, and although Willie Ormond scored a consolation for Scotland with just 1 minute to play, England topped the competition for the second time in a row.

text: England were drawn in Group 4 for the finals, with hosts Switzerland, Italy and Belgium. In an odd twist, unique to the 1954 cup, England, as one of the two seeded teams, would not have to play Italy, the other, in the group.

text: Equally, Switzerland and Belgium did not have to play each other. England's first game in Switzerland was against Belgium in Basel, and they suffered a shock as Léopold Anoul put the Belgians into the lead after just five minutes. Ivor Broadis put the favourites back on terms just over twenty minutes later, and although Nat Lofthouse gave England the lead 10 minutes later, it was proving to be tougher than they had expected against the Belgians.

text: Broadis scored his second just after the hour, but Henri Coppens hit back four minutes later to keep Belgium in the game at only 3–2 down. Anoul completed his brace another four minutes after that to level the scores again. In another oddity peculiar to this World Cup, games which were drawn in the groups would go into extra time, and as such the teams played on with the score at 3–3.

text: Just one minute into the added period, Lofthouse added a fourth for England and they seemed to have won it, but Jimmy Dickinson scored an own goal three minutes later to put the score back at 4–4. It stayed this way until the extra period was up, and as penalty shootouts were yet to be invented and replays were not used in the group, the match was put down as a draw.

text: England's second and final group game was against the hosts in Bern. This proved to be an easier game for the Three Lions, and they scored one goal in each half (from Jimmy Mullen and Dennis Wilshaw respectively) to give them a comfortable win of 2–0. As Switzerland (against England), Italy (against Switzerland) and Belgium (against Italy) had all lost one game, England progressed as group winners, along with Switzerland, who won a play off against Italy.

text: England faced the winners of group three and defending champions Uruguay in the quarter-finals. Carlos Borges gave the South Americans the lead inside 5 minutes, but Lofthouse put England back on terms ten minutes later. England were clearly struggling, but held on until just before half time, when Obdulio Varela gave the lead back Uruguay.

text: Juan Alberto Schiaffino doubled the lead just after the break, but Tom Finney kept England's foot in the door with his sixty seventh-minute goal. However, it was all over after Javier Ambrois restored the two goal lead with twelve minutes to play. The score remained at 4–2, and England were out.

text:
Player
Club
Qualifying
Goals
Finals
Goals
Total
Goals

Nat Lofthouse
 Bolton Wanderers
3
3
6

Ivor Broadis
 Newcastle United
1
2
3

Dennis Wilshaw
 Wolverhampton Wanderers
2
1
3

Jimmy Mullen
 Wolverhampton Wanderers
1
1
2

Harold Hassall
 Bolton Wanderers
2
0
2

Tom Finney
 Preston North End
0
1
1

Ronnie Allen
 West Bromwich Albion
1
0
1

Johnny Nicholls
 West Bromwich Albion
1
0
1

text: Sweden 1958[edit]

text: For the first time, England had to play against countries other than the Home Nations to reach the Finals in Sweden. They were drawn against the Republic of Ireland and Denmark. In the qualifying round, England won three out of the four games and drew the other. Four months before the World Cup, Roger Byrne, Duncan Edwards, David Pegg and Tommy Taylor all lost their lives in the Munich air disaster while playing for Manchester United. At the finals, which is the only tournament to have seen all Home Nations take part, the Home Nations were all drawn in different groups.

text: England were drawn against the Soviet Union (2–2), Brazil (0–0) and Austria (2–2), who finished third in the 1954 World Cup. At the end of the group stage, Soviet Union and England each had three points, and had scored four goals and conceded four goals. This meant there was a play-off to decide the second-placed team in the group, the winner to qualify. England lost the play off 1–0 and were thus knocked out. The only consolation for England was that they were the only team to play the eventual winners Brazil and not lose.

text: Chile 1962[edit]

text: The third World Cup which took place in South America, saw England qualify by successfully qualifying from the group, which contained Portugal and Luxembourg, with three wins and a draw. England were drawn in a group with Hungary (1–2), Argentina (3–1) and Bulgaria (0–0). England finished in second place behind Hungary and played holders Brazil in the quarter finals. England lost 3–1, this defeat being Walter Winterbottom's last game in charge. Winterbottom had led England to four World Cup Finals. From May 1963, Alf Ramsey was the manager of England.

text: England 1966[edit]

text: In the 1966 World Cup Finals, England used their home advantage and, under Ramsey, won their first, and only, World Cup title. England played all their games at Wembley Stadium in London, which became the last time that the hosts were granted this privilege. After drawing 0–0 in the opening game against former champions Uruguay, which started a run of four games all ending goalless. England then beat both France and Mexico 2–0 and qualified for the quarter finals.

text: The quarter finals saw England play Argentina, which ended in a 1–0 win to England. This match saw the start of the rivalry between England and Argentina, when Argentinian Antonio Rattín was dismissed by German referee Rudolf Kreitlein in a very fierce game. A 2–1 win against Portugal in the semi-final then followed. Portugal were the first team to score against England in the tournament. The final saw England play West Germany, with the result finishing in a 4–2 win for England.

text: Mexico 1970[edit]

text: 1970 saw the first World Cup finals take place in Central America and England qualified automatically for the tournament by winning the 1966 FIFA World Cup. England were drawn in a group with Romania (1–0), former world champions Brazil (0–1) and Czechoslovakia (1–0). The quarter final saw a repeat of the 1966 Final, with England playing West Germany. England led 2–0 with goals by Alan Mullery and Martin Peters, but in the 70th minute, Franz Beckenbauer pulled one goal back for West Germany.

text: After Beckenbauer's goal, Ramsey substituted Bobby Charlton, who overtook Billy Wright as England's most capped player ever, with caps totalling 106. Uwe Seeler equalised for the Germans in the eighty first minute, thereby taking the game into extra time. During extra time, Gerd Müller scored the winning goal for West Germany which saw the German side qualify with a win of 3–2. This turned out to be Charlton's last game for England. As for Alf Ramsey, he still continued to be England's manager.

text: West Germany 1974[edit]

text: For the first time, England did not qualify for a World Cup. In a group with Olympic Winners Poland and Wales, England could not overtake Poland. After only drawing at home to Wales 1–1 and losing the first leg 2–0 to Poland, meant that England had to beat Poland at home, whilst Poland only needed to draw. Poland managed to withstand England's attacks in the first half, who had Martin Peters playing for them. Poland took the lead in the 57th minute with a goal from Jan Domarski.

text: England equalised six minutes later, with a penalty converted by Allan Clarke. England were unable to score any more goals with goalkeeper Jan Tomaszewski keeping England at bay. Brian Clough had previously called Tomaszewski a "clown".[7] The commentator of the game then said "it's all over".[8] Poland took this good form to the finals and ended in third place. After failing to qualify, Alf Ramsey resigned from his post and after a time, where Ramsey and his predecessor had lasted a total of 29 years, no manager was able to last in the job for longer than eight years. This ended when Bobby Robson became England manager.

text: Argentina 1978[edit]

text: England also did not qualify for the fourth World Cup which took place in South America. This time, England were denied by Italy, who had scored three more goals than England after both teams finished on the same points. Goals scored dictated who qualified after the head-to-head record between the two sides finished the same, following a 2–0 home win for each team.

text: The other teams in the group were Finland and Luxembourg, who were the whipping boys of the group, but the size of the wins against them proved to be decisive. Nevertheless, Ron Greenwood was given a second chance in charge of England, after taking the role in 1977.

text: Spain 1982[edit]

text: 1982 saw the first time where the European Qualifying Rounds were divided into groups of five teams, where the top two teams qualify for the World Cup. Greenwood used his second chance and took England to Spain by finishing second behind Hungary and above Romania, Switzerland and Norway. There, England reached the next round by beating France (3–1), Czechoslovakia (2–0) and World Cup newcomers Kuwait (1–0).

text: The next round saw a second group stage consisting of three teams, a first time event at the World Cup. England drew with West Germany 0–0 and after the Germans beat Spain 2–1, England then had to beat Spain with a two-goal difference to progress to the next round. England, however, only managed a 0–0 draw against the Spanish. England remained unbeaten at the end of the tournament. After the World Cup, Ron Greenwood's time as England manager ended, and he was replaced by Bobby Robson.

text: Mexico 1986[edit]

text: 1986 saw the second World Cup to take place in Mexico. England qualified for Mexico 1986 by winning four games and drawing four times against Northern Ireland, who qualified in second place, Romania, Finland and Turkey. In Mexico, England lost their opening game to Portugal 1–0 and could only manage a goalless draw against Morocco. The final group game, however, saw England beat Poland 3–0, which is one of the three highest scores for England at the World Cup, with Gary Lineker scoring a hat-trick.

text: This result took England to second place and finished behind Morocco. England then also beat Paraguay 3–0 in the Round of 16. In the quarter-finals, England renewed their rivalry with Argentina in a game that has become notorious for the so-called goal, known as the Hand of God. England lost 2–1. Nevertheless, Lineker finished with the Golden Boot by scoring six goals and thereby becoming England's first Golden Boot winner.

text: Italy 1990[edit]

text: By winning three and drawing three, England qualified for Italia '90, the second World Cup to be held in Italy, scoring ten goals and conceding none. They finished second to Sweden. England profited from Romania’s 3–1 win over Denmark, who, had they won, would have qualified as the third-best second-placed team. West Germany and England were able to qualify for Italia '90 as the best second-placed teams in the groups with four teams.

text: Because a few years previously saw English hooligans at European Competition matches, England were forced to play their group games on Sardinia and Sicily. In England's group was the European champions Netherlands, the Republic of Ireland and Egypt. After opening the tournament with a 1–1 draw against Ireland and a 0–0 draw against the Dutch, England then beat Egypt 1–0. This was Egypt's first appearance since the 1934 World Cup.

text: In the next round, England had to play Belgium. The game went to extra time, and in the hundredth and nineteenth minute, David Platt scored the winning goal. England also had to play extra time against Cameroon in the quarter-finals. Cameroon were the first African team to have reached the quarter finals. Lineker won and scored a penalty in the eighty-third minute to ensure the game went to extra time. He also scored a second penalty, to see England reach the semi-finals.

text: In the semi-finals, England met West Germany. There was no separating the two teams after 90 minutes, which made England the first team to have played extra time in three successive World Cup games. There was also no separating the two teams after extra time, thereby taking the game to penalties.

text: Although goalkeeper Peter Shilton guessed right on every occasion, he was unable to save a single penalty. Meanwhile, two of the England team missed their penalties, England being thereby knocked out of the competition.[9] The third-place playoff between England and Italy saw England lose their only game of the tournament. Even though this was England's best finish since the 1966 World Cup, Bobby Robson's time as England manager had come to an end.

text: United States 1994[edit]

text: For the 1994 World Cup in the United States, under the leadership of new manager Graham Taylor, England surprisingly did not qualify for the tournament. In a group with six teams, England surprisingly lost out to Norway and the Netherlands, finishing third above Poland, Turkey and San Marino.

text: In the game against San Marino, Davide Gualtieri scored against England after nine seconds, taking the lead for the outsiders. England went on to win 7–1, but because of the game between the Dutch and the Poles, with the Netherlands winning 3–1, England's win was immaterial. Taylor's tenure in charge ended and he was replaced by Terry Venables, who was dismissed after England lost the semi-final of Euro 1996, hosted in England.

text: France 1998[edit]

text: After missing out on the World Cup in 1994, England, under Glenn Hoddle, qualified for the World Cup in France. England qualified alongside Italy and finished above Poland, Georgia and Moldova. England's only blemish was a 1–0 home defeat by Italy. In France, England beat Tunisia 2–0, lost 2–1 to Romania and beat Colombia 2–0 in the decisive match, where England finished second and managed to reach the second round. England then met arch-rivals Argentina for a third time. England again lost on penalties.

text: In a fiery game containing six yellow cards, David Beckham was sent off in the 47th minute. Both teams scored between the red card and the end of the game. The game then went to extra time, with both teams scoring in the first half of extra time. There were no goals in the second half of extra time, which meant that penalties were to decide the team that qualified to the next round. While David Seaman did save one penalty, Argentine goalkeeper Carlos Roa managed to save two, thereby knocking England out of the World Cup.

text: South Korea/Japan 2002[edit]

text: 2002 saw the first World Cup to take place in Asia. England, under its first ever foreign manager in Sven-Göran Eriksson, were able to qualify for the tournament. He took over partway through qualification, after England had lost to Germany, in the last ever game in the original Wembley Stadium, which closed down after the match. By beating Germany 5–1 in Munich, England's qualifying campaign was revitalised, and they qualified automatically, by drawing 2–2 with Greece.

text: Germany, who could only draw 0–0 with Finland, had to play a play off game against Ukraine. In Japan, England had to play against Eriksson's homeland, Sweden, and both settled out for a 1–1 draw. Then, in the following games against Argentina and Nigeria, England won 1–0 against Argentina and drew with Nigeria. With these results, England were able to qualify for the second round, where they played Denmark.

text: England beat Denmark 3–0, and met then four-time World Cup winners Brazil in the quarter-finals. After a mistake by David Seaman, England lost 2–1, and Brazil won their fourth World Cup match against England, and went on to win the tournament.

text: Germany 2006[edit]

text: The second World Cup to take place in Germany saw England qualify. By winning eight times, among which was a 2–1 win against Poland, the team that knocked England out the last time the World Cup took place in Germany, drawing once and losing once, England qualified alongside Poland, who automatically qualified as the second placed team. Austria, Northern Ireland, Wales and Azerbaijan were the whipping boys of the group.

text: In Germany, however, England were less than convincing. A 1–0 win against Paraguay was won because of an own goal. The game against new boys Trinidad and Tobago saw England have to wait until the 83rd minute for England to take the lead, with Peter Crouch opened the scoring and the second goal of the game coming in added time.

text: The last group game saw England play against Sweden, with both teams again settling for a draw (2–2) to see them qualify for the next round. A free kick from David Beckham saw England win 1–0 against Ecuador and reach the quarter-finals, where they met Portugal. England once again were knocked out on penalties and Portuguese goalkeeper Ricardo became the first goalkeeper to save three penalties in a penalty shoot-out. The game had finished 0–0 before the penalty shoot-out. This game also saw Eriksson's final match as England manager.

text: South Africa 2010[edit]

text: Qualification for the first African World Cup went successfully for new England manager Fabio Capello, after previous manager Steve McClaren was unable to secure qualification to the Euro 2008. By winning nine times and only losing to Ukraine, England qualified ahead of Croatia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Andorra. After drawing 1–1 against the United States and 0–0 against Algeria, England qualified for the next round by beating Slovenia 1–0.

text: The second round saw England play against Germany. Germany took the lead after 20 minutes after goalkeeper Manuel Neuer booted the ball down the pitch to Miroslav Klose, who opened the scoring. The score became 2–0 to Germany after 32 minutes. Shortly after, England defender Matthew Upson scored a header. A few minutes later, Frank Lampard had a shot at goal which was disallowed after crossing the line. The media reported it was a "Revenge for Wembley" and "Wembley Reloaded". As England tried to equalise, Germany used this to their advantage and scored two more goals. This became Germany's biggest win against England in an World Cup.

text: Brazil 2014[edit]

text: Under Roy Hodgson, who replaced Fabio Capello before Euro 2012 after a disagreement between Capello and The FA, England qualified for the second World Cup to be held in Brazil. Ukraine were again one of the opponents in the qualifying rounds. The other opponents included Montenegro, Poland, Moldova and San Marino. After winning six games and drawing four, England qualified unbeaten.

text: The draw for the finals saw England have to play against Italy and Uruguay, both former world champions, which meant that it was the first ever time three World Champions were drawn in the same group. The last team Costa Rica were seen as the whipping boys of the group. England lost to Italy and Uruguay, and were thus knocked out after two games. The final game against Costa Rica ended 0–0, and had only a statistical value.

text: List of the most England appearances at World Cups[edit]

text:
Peter Shilton – seventeen games at three tournaments
Ashley Cole, Bobby Charlton, Bobby Moore and Terry Butcher – fourteen games at three tournaments (Charlton played in four)

tag: ol

text: 6. David Beckham – thirteen games at three tournaments

text: 7. Steven Gerrard, Gary Lineker and Michael Owen

text: 10. Chris Waddle – eleven games at two tournaments

text: 11. Sol Campbell, Rio Ferdinand, Frank Lampard, Ray Wilson and Billy Wright

text: List of the most England goals at World Cups[edit]

text:
Gary Lineker – ten goals
Geoff Hurst – five goals
Bobby Charlton and Michael Owen – four goals

text: List of England players playing abroad at a World Cup[edit]

text: England first used a "legionary" of players who were playing abroad in 1962.

text:
Year
Number (Country)
Players (Apps)

1950–1958
0

1962
1 (Italy)
Gerry Hitchens (2)

1966–1970
0

1982
1 (West Germany)
Tony Woodcock (2)

1986
2 (Italy)
Mark Hateley (3), Ray Wilkins

1990
5 (4 in Scotland, 1 in France)
Terry Butcher (5), Trevor Steven (3), Gary Stevens (2), Chris Woods (0); Chris Waddle (7)

1998
0

2002
1 (Germany)
Owen Hargreaves (2)

2006
2 (1 Spain, 1 Germany)
David Beckham (5); Owen Hargreaves (4)

2010
0

2014
1 (Scotland)
Fraser Forster (0)


document_title: The Suite Life on Deck

question_text: when do cody and bailey get back together

root

text: The Suite Life on Deck

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Zack Martin, portrayed by Dylan Sprouse, is typically the fun-loving, sport-loving, non-studious, outgoing, untidy, and immature twin. He works in the juice bar on the ship as a result of using up both Cody's and his money for the semester. Cody is forced to obtain the job as a towel boy.[7] Zack does not perform particularly well academically, but he managed to graduate in the series' finale episode. He performs very well physically and enjoys physical sports, especially basketball and football. Zack acts selfish at times but he also sincerely cares for his brother and friends, even if he does not always show it. He flirts with most of the girls on the ship by using various pick-up lines, although he rarely ever stays with them for more than one episode. At the beginning of the third season, he starts to develop strong feelings for a new student on the ship named Maya. At first, she refuses to go out with him since he was a "player," but eventually he wins her over by throwing a surprise party for her. He then surprises his friends by being a good boyfriend. Although initially there is confusion as to whether he loved her or whether he was just taking her on as a challenge, he proves to have strong feelings for her in later episodes. She breaks up with him in the episode "Graduation on Deck" because of a Peace Corps assignment she accepts, but they remain close friends.
Cody Martin, portrayed by Cole Sprouse, is the erudite, sweet, intelligent, wise, tidy, and sensitive twin. Cody performs well academically, is a straight A student, and has shown to have a great interest in academics; however, he does not perform well in sports. Cody has been noted to be ten minutes younger than Zack and often plays into Zack's crazy schemes. Cody is usually picked on by Zack, but Zack becomes very defensive when other people pick on Cody. Likewise, Cody cares very deeply for Zack, despite his picking on him constantly. At the end of season one, Cody begins dating Bailey Pickett, but they eventually end their romantic relationship in the second-season finale due to a misunderstanding in Paris. However, near the end of the third season, they get back together again after confessing that they never stopped loving each other. In "Das Boots", it is revealed that he has multiple allergies, said by Sasha, a Russian girl who competed in a chess championship against him. Also, in "A London Carol", a future version of Cody and Bailey are married.
London Tipton, portrayed by Brenda Song, is the socialite of the four main teenage characters. She is a parody of Paris Hilton.[8] She is the daughter of Wilfred Tipton, a multi-billionaire and the owner of the Tipton Hotel chains, including the one in Boston and the SS Tipton. London is typically selfish, dim-witted, obnoxious, spoiled, gullible and meticulous about her appearance but she is happy and heartwarming, and she does care for her friends (even if she can't remember the difference between Zack and Cody) and she is often air-headed. She also has a pomeranian pet dog named Ivana. When she is happy, she usually claps her hands and repeatedly jumps up and down while saying her catchphrase, "Yay me!" Mr. Moseby fools London into thinking that she is on the SS Tipton for a vacation, to trick her into boarding the ship. London gets enrolled at the Seven Seas High School program because her father wants her to live in the real world. London does not live in a first class suite on the SS Tipton, but a small cabin. London reluctantly agrees to accept Bailey Pickett (Debby Ryan) as her new roommate, although she does so after unsuccessfully trying to bribe Bailey into leaving as she did with her previous roommate, Padma. The two later become good friends. In The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, when London resided at the Tipton Hotel, it seemed that she was living in her own bubble. On the SS Tipton, London has become more aware of the real world and has faced several difficulties, such as being in jail.
Bailey Pickett, portrayed by Debby Ryan, is a teenage girl from the fictional town of Kettlecorn, Kansas. She is very intelligent just like Cody, seemingly the perfect girl-next-door and has been described as a "small town, down-to-earth girl." She shares a room with the wealthy London Tipton, in which the two later form a close friendship and end up becoming best friends. Bailey is a student at Seven Seas High and attends classes with her new friends Zack, Cody, London, and Woody. She boarded the ship to leave Kettlecorn, where she lived on a farm, because she hated the fact that the town is so small. She pretends to be a boy in the pilot in order to get a room on the SS Tipton because the girls' cabins were filled. Eventually, she moves in with London when people find out she is a girl. London tries to bribe her not to move in, but Bailey refuses. Both Zack and Cody have a crush on her at the beginning of the series, but when they find out more about Bailey's life and her ex-boyfriend, Zack lets Cody have her, claiming that she was "carrying too much baggage;" However, a couple seasons later he says that he doesn't blame Cody for not being able to get over Bailey and said "this girl is smokin'!" showing he still thinks she's attractive even if he doesn't like her "that way". Cody tries several times throughout the first season to attract Bailey, but is unsuccessful until the crossover episode "Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana" in which they start dating. They eventually end their romantic relationship in the second-season finale due to a misunderstanding in Paris. However, near the end of the third season, they get back together again after confessing that they still loved each other. In "A London Carol", a future version of Cody and Bailey are married.
Marion Moseby, portrayed by Phill Lewis, the uptight and serious former manager of the Tipton Hotel in The Suite Life of Zack and Cody, is now the chaperon and manager of the SS Tipton. He speaks with a wide vocabulary and an urbane vernacular, no tolerance for fun of any kind, and is therefore often annoyed by Zack and Cody's schemes. He has raised London Tipton like his own daughter. His repeated catch phrase, "Good luck with that," has become his trademark. He loves bad jokes, and has a passion for ballet which becomes a running joke throughout the series. Though he acts as though he does not care about Zack and Cody, he actually has a great deal of affection for them and tells them he will miss them in the end of the Graduation on deck episode. He's constantly running from stem to stern keeping the Martin twins and London out of trouble. Moseby is a father figure in London's life, because of London's father's absence in the series. He looks after her constantly and cares for her very deeply. Moseby reportedly tricked London in order for her to be enrolled in the Seven Seas High School program. He told London she was going on a vacation on the SS Tipton to get her on the ship. Mr. Moseby is continuously trying to "court" Ms. Tutwieler and, in the final episode of the series, proposes to her, deciding he wants them to be together rather than apart. In an act of true bravery in the final episode, Moseby tells off Mr. Tipton for having the ship dismantled during graduation; he follows up by telling the shocked crowd that he was already losing his job anyway.

tag: ul

text: Marcus Little, portrayed by Doc Shaw, (episode 30-55) is a former singing sensation, Lil' Little, who comes aboard the SS Tipton. After hitting puberty, causing his voice to change, he lost his fame and career. He attends Seven Seas High and shares a room with Zack. Marcus lived in Atlanta, Georgia, as mentioned on his sash in "The Beauty and the Fleeced." He first appears in the second-season episode "Roomies". He has a crush on London, and is shown to be quite gullible, often believing Woody's tall tales. Marcus has as many famous contacts as London does; however, he is sensitive about the loss of his fame because he believes his celebrity friends won't like him, though he was later proven wrong in the episode "Crossing Jordin." Marcus eventually leaves the ship in the episode "Bon Voyage" after choosing to star in a musical based on his hit song "Retainer Baby." Cody is proud of him for this because he'll be entertaining people while promoting proper dental care.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Seasons

Matthew Timmons
Woody Fink
1–3

Erin Cardillo
Emma Tutweiller
1–3

Windell D. Middlebrooks
Kirby Morris
1–3

Rachael Kathryn Bell
Addison
1–3

Zoey Deutch
Maya Bennett
3

tag: table

text: Special guest appearances[edit]

text:
Kim Rhodes: Carey Martin (1: "The Suite Life Sets Sail", 1: "Mom and Dad on Deck", 3: "Trouble in Tokyo", 3: "Graduation on Deck")
Ashley Tisdale: Maddie Fitzpatrick (1: "Maddie on Deck")
Miley Cyrus: Miley Stewart/Hannah Montana (1: "Double-Crossed")
Emily Osment: Lilly Truscott/Lola Luftnagle (1: "Double-Crossed")
Selena Gomez: Alex Russo (1: "Double-Crossed")
David Henrie: Justin Russo (1: "Double-Crossed")
Jake T. Austin: Max Russo (1: "Double-Crossed")
Jordin Sparks: Herself (2: "Crossing Jordin")
Kathie Lee Gifford: Cindy (2: "Model Behavior")
George Takei: Rome Tipton (2: "Starship Tipton")
Sean Kingston: Himself (3: "Party On!")
Dwight Howard: Dwight Moseby Howard (3: "Twister, Part 1")
Deron Williams: Himself (3: "Twister, Part 1")
Kevin Love: Himself (3: "Twister, Part 1")
Hutch Dano: Moose (1: "Mulch Ado About Nothing", 3: "Twister, Part 2")
John Michael Higgins: Wilfred Tipton (3: "Twister, Part 3")
Jennifer Tisdale: Connie Fitzpatrick (1: "Flowers and Chocolate", 1:"Cruisin For A Bruisin")
Cody Kennedy as Mischa (3: "Das Boots")

text: Notable guest appearances[edit]

text:
Brian Stepanek: Arwin Hawkhauser/Milos Hawkakapolis (1: "It's All Greek To Me", 3: "Computer Date", 3: "Graduation on Deck")
Brittany Curran: Chelsea Brimmer (1: "Flowers and Chocolate")
Sophie Oda: Barbara Brownstein (1: "Flowers and Chocolate")
Charlie Stewart: Bob (1: "Flowers and Chocolate")
Jennifer Tisdale: Connie the Activities Coordinator (1: "Flowers and Chocolate", 1: "Cruisin' for a Bruisin")
Jacopo Sarno: Luca (1: "When in Rome...")
Robert Torti: Kurt Martin (1: "Mom and Dad on Deck", 3: "Graduation on Deck")
Justin Kredible: Armando the Magician (2: "Ala-ka-scram!")
Elizabeth Sung: Khun Yai (2: "Family Thais")
Ed Begley, Jr.: Mayor Ragnar (2: "The Swede Life")
Adrian R'Mante: Esteban Ramírez (2: "Mother of the Groom")
Charo: Señora Ramírez (2: "Mother of the Groom")
Kurt Warner: Himself (2: "Any Given Fantasy")
Charles Shaughnessy: Constable (2: "Rollin' With the Holmies")
Camilla and Rebecca Rosso: Jessica and Janice (2: "Model Behavior")
Matthew Willig: The Genie (2: "Rock the Kasbah")
Andy Richter: Brother Theodore (3: "The Silent Treatment")
Lisa K. Wyatt: Frankie (3: "Bon Voyage", "Graduation on Deck;")
Fabio Lanzoni: Captain Hawk (3: "Senior Ditch Day")
Brian Posehn: Dr. Cork (3: "Frozen")
Dwight Howard: Himself (3: "Twister, Part 1")
Deron Williams: Himself (3: "Twister, Part 1'")
Kevin Love: Himself (3: "Twister, Part 1'")
Michael Ralph: Sergeant Pepper (3: "Twister: Part 3")

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On February 4, 2008, it was announced that the Disney Channel was developing a new contemporary sequel to the Disney channel sitcom The Suite Life of Zack & Cody. The announcement was made by Gary Marsh, the President of the Disney Channel. He stated, "Our audience has shown us that after 88 episodes, 'The Suite Life of Zack & Cody' remains one of their favorite sitcoms ever, we decided to find a new way for Zack, Cody, London, and Mr. Moseby to live 'The Suite Life' in a whole new setting – this time aboard a luxury cruise liner."[9] The series original creator, Danny Kallis was announced to be involved with the project. The elements from the original series remain the same though the setting is completely different.[9]

tag: p

text: In December 2008, it was reported that the Disney Channel had renewed the series for a thirteen episode second season.[10] On May 11, 2009, Disney issued a press release stating that the second season had been extended to include a larger number of episodes than the original thirteen. Gary Marsh, the president of Disney Channels Worldwide said: "With this second-season extension, the cast of ‘The Suite Life’ makes Disney Channel history by becoming the longest running continuous characters on our air – 138 half-hour episodes. We are thrilled for them, and for the brilliant, inspired production team that made this extraordinary run possible."[11]

text: As of 2011, The Suite Life series holds the record (162 episodes) for having the longest running continuous characters on air and the most canon episodes for any Disney Channel series.

text: Settings[edit]

text: According to show creators and producers, the choice of setting was made to appeal to an international audience with different ports-of-call, such as India, Greece, Italy, Morocco, the United Kingdom and Thailand. An on-board theater serves as an "organic" set-up for musical numbers.[12] Most of the action in the series occurs on board the SS Tipton. However, the ship travels to a variety of places around the world which are often unfamiliar places to both Zack and Cody Martin.

text: SS Tipton[edit]

text: The SS Tipton is a cruise ship belonging to London Tipton's father. The ship had its first canon appearance in The Suite Life of Zack and Cody episode "Let Us Entertain You". Unlike most cruise ships it also includes a school, Seven Seas High School, which is a common setting on the ship, as are the Sky Deck, the lobby, the corridors outside the students' cabins and the cabins themselves. In the third season, the Aqua Lounge, a newly refurbished space on the ship, was shown, and it replaced the Sky Deck as the main hangout (although the Sky Deck is still commonly shown). There are also various areas on the SS Tipton that are mentioned, but never seen, including several decks and the ship's putt-putt golf course, where the captain spends most of his time. In the crossover episode of Wizards of Waverly Place, "Cast-Away (To Another Show)," Mr. Moseby reveals that the ship itself weighs 87,000 tons.[13] After the events in "Graduation on Deck" the SS Tipton was sold and later dismantled. Mr Moseby mentioned in the season 1 episode "Cruisin' for a Bruisin'", that the ship was not the first ship with the SS Tipton name (indicating that the Tipton cruiseline had been in service long before the events of the first series). Mr Tipton commissioned a scale model "replica-in-a-bottle" of the first SS Tipton as a gift for Captain Lansferd.

text: Other settings[edit]

text:
Antarctica in the season three episode "Frozen"
Belgium in the season three episode "Party On!"
Galapagos Islands in the season one episode "Sea Monster Mash"
Greece in the season one episode "It's All Greek to Me"
India in the season one episode "The Mommy and the Swami"
The International Dateline in "International Dateline"
Kettlecorn, Kansas – A fictional location in the season three episodes "Twister: Part 1", "Twister: Part 2", and "Twister: Part 3"
Lichtenstamp – A parody of Liechtenstein in the season one episode "Maddie on Deck"
London in the season two episode "Rollin' With the Holmies"
Monte Carlo in the season three episode "The Silent Treatment"
Morocco in the season two episode "Rock the Kasbah"
New York City – in the series finale "Graduation on Deck"
Paris – in the season two episode "Breakup in Paris"
Parrot Island – A fictional location in the season one episode "Parrot Island"
Rome in the season one episode "When In Rome..."
South America in the season two episode "Can You Dig It?" and season three episode "Senior Ditch Day"
Sweden in the season two episode "The Swede Life"
Thailand in the season two episode "Family Thais"
Tokyo in the season three episode "Trouble in Tokyo"
Unnamed island in the season two episode "Lost at Sea"

text: Theme song and opening sequence[edit]

text: The show's theme song, "Livin' the Suite Life," was written by John Adair and Steve Hampton (who also wrote the themes for fellow Disney Channel series The Suite Life of Zack & Cody, Phil of the Future, and Wizards of Waverly Place, as well as the theme for the ABC Kids series Power Rangers: RPM), with music composed by Gary Scott (who also composed the music cues to signal scene changes and promo breaks, some of which are styled similarly to the theme), and is performed by British singer Steve Rushton (who is only credited for performing the theme in the second season).

text: The series was one of only 4 of Disney Channel shows still running in 2011 whose theme song is not performed by a star of the series (Phineas and Ferb, Fish Hooks and Shake It Up are the others).

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
21
September 26, 2008 (2008-09-26)
July 17, 2009 (2009-07-17)

2
28
August 7, 2009 (2009-08-07)
June 18, 2010 (2010-06-18)

3
22
July 2, 2010 (2010-07-02)
May 6, 2011 (2011-05-06)

Film
March 25, 2011 (2011-03-25)

text: Note: The show's first ever air date was in the United Kingdom on September 19, 2008.

text: Wizards of Waverly Place and Hannah Montana[edit]

text: The episode "Double-Crossed" is the second part of a three-way crossover that begins on Wizards of Waverly Place and concludes on Hannah Montana. Cody promises to get tickets for himself and Bailey to a concert in Hawaii featuring Hannah Montana, who has boarded the SS Tipton. In the meantime, the Russo siblings enjoy a cruise of their own until Alex pulls a prank that causes Justin to turn blue.

text: Film[edit]

text: On September 20, 2010, Disney Channel announced that production had begun for a Disney Channel Original Movie based on The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and The Suite Life on Deck.[14]

text: The Suite Life Movie premiered on the Disney Channel in the United States and Canada on March 25, 2011.[15]

text: Abandoned continuation[edit]

text: In 2013, during an interview with Gawker, Dylan Sprouse revealed he and his brother had pitched an idea to the Disney Channel about continuing the Suite Life series. The show would see Zack and Cody return to the Tipton Hotel in Boston to live with their mother, and would become mentors to a boy who lived with his father at the hotel. Disney rejected the idea initially, but contacted the twins a year later with an edited concept that retained the boy and his father storyline, but Zack and Cody would move to a Miami hotel instead, Selena Gomez would also star and the twins would not get producer credits like they had requested. The Sprouses rejected the concept, leaving the project abandoned.[16]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The Suite Life on Deck premiered in Australia and New Zealand October 6, 2008.[17] It is broadcast on Disney Channel and on NZ MediaWorks TV3 and FOUR.

text: The Canadian Family Channel debuted the series October 13, 2008.[citation needed] VRAK.TV broadcast the series as La vie de croisière de Zack et Cody (The Cruise Life of Zack and Cody) beginning August 27, 2009.[citation needed] The series also aired on Disney XD (Canada) beginning June 1, 2011.[citation needed]

text: In Ireland, the series debuted on Disney XD September 4, 2010.[citation needed]

text: Disney Channel broadcast the series in Ireland and Great Britain February 6, 2009, with an advance airing September 19, 2008. The series also aired on Disney XD beginning July 16, 2012.[citation needed]

text: The Suite Life on Deck premiered in the United States September 26, 2008 on Disney Channel. Disney XD began broadcasting the series February 13, 2009.

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text:
DVD Title
Region 1
Discs
Extras

Anchors Away!
August 25, 2009[18]
1
"The Suite Life Sets Sail," "Parrot Island," "Kidney of the Sea," "International Dateline," "Maddie on Deck," and "Mulch Ado About Nothing." In addition, Debby Ryan's interview with the Sprouse twins is featured on this DVD.[18]

Wizards on Deck with Hannah Montana
September 22, 2009[19]
1
Crossover episodes from Wizards of Waverly Place, The Suite Life on Deck, and Hannah Montana.

text: Other media[edit]

text: An activity book based on the series was released on July 13, 2009. The book is called "The Suite Life on Deck Sink or Swim Sticker Activity Book".[20] A photo album based on the series was also released, and it includes several posters, colored images from the series, captions and activities for the reader.[21] In August 2009, two new books titled "Suite Life on Deck: A Day in the Life" and "Suite Life on Deck Party Planner" were released by Walt Disney.[22]

text: Reception[edit]

text: U.S. Nielsen ratings[edit]

text: The show's pilot premiered on the Disney Channel in the U.S. on September 26, 2008, and gathered 5.7 million viewers on the night of its premiere.[2] The series premiere in Canada was also the most watched series premiere on Family channel.[3] In December 2008, Business Wire reported the show was 2008's #1 top scripted television series for children between the ages 6 to 11 and pre-teenagers between the ages 9 to 14, beating the veteran series Hannah Montana and Wizards of Waverly Place in the ratings.[4] The show was in the #1 spot for the top rated children's television series for many months.[23] The show has been one of the top 4 live-action television series for many months.[24] Since then, "The Suite Life on Deck" held a commanding lead in the time slot (Friday 8:00 p.m.), ranking as TV's #1 program among the key children demographics, virtually doubling Nickelodeon among children between the age of 9–14, and defeating it by a 6% among children between the age of 6–11. In addition, the series is #1 in total viewers on all cable, outperforming #2 rank (Fox News and Nickelodeon) by 800,000 more viewers.[11]

text: As of August 2009, the highest rated episode of The Suite Life on Deck was "Double-Crossed," the second part of Wizards On Deck with Hannah Montana, a trilogy of crossover episodes featuring guest stars from Wizards of Waverly Place and Hannah Montana which premiered on July 17, 2009 on Disney Channel. The special was viewed by more than 10.6 million viewers, program of the night across both cable and broadcast television, and ranks as one of the highest-rated episodes for a Disney Channel original series. This was the first episode that Cody and Bailey go out on a date.[25]

text: In early October 2009, the series one-hour special episode "Lost at Sea" became the most watched episode of the series, with 7.6 million total viewers, including 3.2 million in the Kids 6–11 demographic, and 2.8 million in the Tweens 9–13 demographic.[26] The episode delivered Disney Channel’s best numbers in the hour with regular programming in the net's history.[26] In 2009, the series was the most watched scripted series in the children and tween demographic (6–14), outpacing Hannah Montana and several other teenage shows.[5] The series second season's ratings grew 25% higher than the show's season one ratings, the second season has averaged approximately 5.1 million viewers.[6]

text: Season premiere ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episode
Air date (U.S.)
Ratings
Viewers (in millions)

1
The Suite Life Sets Sail
September 26, 2008
4.8
5.7[2]

2
The Spy Who Shoved Me
August 7, 2009
4.7
5.1[27]

3
The Silent Treatment
July 2, 2010
2.7
3.4[28]

text: Record breaking episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Episode
Air date (U.S.)
Ratings
Viewers (in millions)

1.21
Double-Crossed
July 17, 2009
8.8
10.6[29]

2.08
Lost at Sea
October 2, 2009
3.9
7.6[30]

3.19
Twister: Part 3
January 16, 2011
4.0
7.2[31]

text: iTunes[edit]

text: Before the series officially made its debut on air, the first episode entitled "The Suite Life Sets Sail" was made available as a free download on iTunes. All series have since been made available.[citation needed]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

2010
Green Globe Film Awards
Outstanding Actors Asians in Hollywood
Brenda Song
Nominated[32][33]

2010 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Show
The Suite Life on Deck
Nominated[34][35]

Favorite TV Actor
Cole Sprouse
Nominated[34][35]

Dylan Sprouse
Won[35]

Hollywood Teen TV Awards
Teen Pick Show: Comedy
The Suite Life on Deck
Nominated[36]

Teen Pick Actress: Comedy
Debby Ryan
Nominated[36]

Teen Pick Actor: Comedy
Dylan Sprouse
Nominated[36]

2011
2011 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite TV Show
The Suite Life on Deck
Nominated[37][38]

Favorite TV Actor
Cole Sprouse
Nominated[37][38]

Dylan Sprouse
Won[38]

Favorite TV Sidekick
Brenda Song
Nominated[37][38]

Casting Society of America
Best Casting – Children's Series
Dana Gergely
Brandi Brice
Won[39]


document_title: Lufthansa

question_text: which 5 carriers are part of the lufthansa group airlines

question_tokens: which 5 carriers are part of the lufthansa group airlines

text: Lufthansa

text: History[edit]

text: 1950s: Post-war (re-)formation[edit]

text:
Year
Traffic

1955

78

1960

1,284

1965

3,785

1969

6,922

1971

8,610

1975

13,634

1980

21,056

1989

36,133

1995

61,602

2000

94,170

text: Lufthansa traces its history to 1926 when Deutsche Luft Hansa A.G. (styled as Deutsche Lufthansa from 1933 onwards) was formed in Berlin.[4] DLH, as it was known, was Germany's flag carrier until 1945 when all services were suspended following the defeat of Nazi Germany. In an effort to create a new national airline, a company called Aktiengesellschaft für Luftverkehrsbedarf (Luftag),[2] was founded in Cologne on 6 January 1953, with many of its staff having worked for the pre-war Lufthansa. West Germany had not yet been granted sovereignty over its airspace, so it was not known when the new airline could become operational. Nevertheless, in 1953 Luftag placed orders for four Convair CV-340s and four Lockheed L-1049 Super Constellations and set up a maintenance base at Hamburg Airport.[2][3] On 6 August 1954, Luftag acquired the name and logo of the liquidated Deutsche Lufthansa for DM 30,000 (equivalent to € 35000 today),[3] thus continuing the tradition of a German flag carrier of that name.

text: On 1 April 1955 Lufthansa won approval to start scheduled domestic flights,[3] linking Hamburg, Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Cologne, and Munich.[17]  International flights started on 15 May 1955, to London, Paris, and Madrid,[17][18] followed by Super Constellation flights to New York City from 1 June of that year,[17] and across the South Atlantic from August 1956. In August 1958 fifteen Lufthansa 1049Gs and 1649s left Germany each week to Canada and the United States, three 1049Gs a week flew to South America, three flew to Tehran and one to Baghdad. In parallel, the airline also initiated a marketing campaign to sell itself and West Germany. The challenges involved encouraging travelers to consider visiting the country in the wake of World War II, as well as offering services to other nations via the Frankfurt airport hub. More specifically, Lufthansa’s efforts shaped and reflected the development of a modern form of consumerism and advertising through the sale of air travel. By 1963, the airline, initially limited in its public relations efforts, had become a major purveyor of West Germany’s image abroad.[19]

text: The special status of Berlin meant that Lufthansa was not allowed to fly to either part of Berlin until 1989. Originally thought to be only a temporary matter (and with intentions to move the airline's headquarters and main base there once the political situation changed),[2] the Division of Germany turned out to be long, which gradually led to Frankfurt Airport becoming Lufthansa's primary hub.

text: East Germany tried to establish its own airline in 1955 using the Lufthansa name, but this resulted in a legal dispute with West Germany, where Lufthansa was operating. East Germany instead established Interflug as its national airline in 1963, which coincided with the East German Lufthansa being shut down.[20]

text: 1960s: Introduction of jetliners[edit]

text: In 1958 Lufthansa ordered four Boeing 707s and started jet flights from Frankfurt to New York City in March 1960. Boeing 720Bs were later bought to back up the 707 fleet. In February 1961 Far East routes were extended beyond Bangkok, Thailand, to Hong Kong and Tokyo. Lagos, Nigeria and Johannesburg, South Africa were added in 1962.

text: Lufthansa introduced the Boeing 727 in 1964 and that May began the Polar route from Frankfurt to Tokyo via Anchorage. In February 1965 the company ordered twenty-one Boeing 737s that went into service in 1968. Lufthansa was the first customer for the Boeing 737 and was one of four buyers of the 737-100s (the others were NASA, Malaysia-Singapore Airlines, and Avianca – while the NASA airframe was the first built, it was the last delivered and originally intended for delivery to Lufthansa). Lufthansa was the first foreign launch customer for a Boeing airliner.

text: 1970s–1980s: The wide-body era[edit]

text: The wide-body era for Lufthansa started with a Boeing 747 flight on April 26, 1970. It was followed by the introduction of the DC-10-30 on November 12, 1973, and the first Airbus A300 in 1976. In 1979 Lufthansa and Swissair were launch customers for the Airbus A310 with an order for twenty-five aircraft.

text: The company's fleet modernisation programme for the 1990s began on June 29, 1985 with an order for fifteen Airbus A320s and seven Airbus A300-600s. Ten Boeing 737-300s were ordered a few days later. All were delivered between 1987 and 1992. Lufthansa also bought Airbus A321, Airbus A340, and Boeing 747-400 aircraft.

text: In 1987 Lufthansa, together with Air France, Iberia, and Scandinavian Airlines, founded Amadeus, an IT company (also known as a GDS) that would enable travel agencies to sell the founders and other airlines' products from a single system.

text: Lufthansa adopted a new corporate identity in 1988. The fleet was given a new livery, while cabins, city offices, and airport lounges were redesigned.

text: 1990s–2000s: Further expansion[edit]

text: On October 28, 1990, 25 days after reunification, Berlin became a Lufthansa destination again. On May 18, 1997, Lufthansa, Air Canada, Scandinavian Airlines, Thai Airways International, and United Airlines formed Star Alliance, the world's first multilateral airline alliance.

text: In 2000, Air One became a Lufthansa partner airline and nearly all Air One flights were code-shared with Lufthansa until Alitalia purchased Air One.  Lufthansa has a good track record for posting profits, even in 2001, after 9/11, the airline suffered a significant loss in profits but still managed to stay 'in the black'. While many other airlines announced layoffs (typically 20% of their workforce), Lufthansa retained its current workforce.[22]

text: On December 6, 2001, Lufthansa announced an order for 15 Airbus A380 superjumbos with 10 more options, which was confirmed on December 20. The A380 fleet will be used for long-haul flights from Frankfurt exclusively.

text: In June 2003, Lufthansa opened Terminal 2 at Munich's Franz Josef Strauß Airport to relieve its main hub, Frankfurt, which was suffering from capacity constraints. It is one of the first terminals in Europe partially owned by an airline.

text: On May 17, 2004, Lufthansa became the launch customer for the Connexion by Boeing in-flight online connectivity service.

text: In autumn 2003, the implementation of a new sales strategy initiated by then-incumbent Executive Vice President Thierry Antinori to make the company fit for the digital era led to the abolition of commission payments for travel agencies and led to a revolution in the German travel business with many travel agencies disappearing from the market on the one hand, and the rise of new digital distribution platforms on the other hand.[23]

text: On March 22, 2005, Swiss International Air Lines was purchased by Lufthansa's holding company. The acquisition included the provision that the majority shareholders (the Swiss government and large Swiss companies) be offered payment if Lufthansa's share price outperforms an airline index during the years following the merger. The two companies will continue to be run separately.

text: On December 6, 2006, Lufthansa placed an order for 20 Boeing 747-8s, becoming the launch customer of the passenger model. The airline is also the second European airline to operate the Airbus A380 (after Air France). The first A380 was delivered on May 19, 2010, while the first 747-8 entered service in 2012.[24]

text: In September 2008, Lufthansa Group announced its intent to purchase a stake in Brussels Airlines (SN). In June 2009, the EU Commission granted regulatory approval and Lufthansa acquired 45% of SN.[25] In September 2016, Lufthansa announced it would purchase the remainder of Brussels Airlines for €2.6 million euros.[26] The transaction was completed in early January 2017.[27] The decision was partially taken after the Brussels airport bombings of March 2016, which caused SN to lose ~€5 million euros per day until the 3rd of April.

text: In September 2009, Lufthansa purchased Austrian Airlines with the approval of the European Commission.[28]

text: On June 11, 2010, Airbus A380 service between Frankfurt and Tokyo started.[29]

text: 2010s: Belt-tightening[edit]

text: After a loss of 381 million euros in the first quarter of 2010 and another 13 million loss in the year 2011 due to the economic recession and restructuring costs, Deutsche Lufthansa AG cut 3,500 administrative positions or around 20 percent of the clerical total of 16,800.[30] In 2012 Lufthansa announced a restructuring program called SCORE to improve its operating profit. As a part of the restructuring plan the company started to transfer all short-haul flights outside its hubs in Frankfurt, Munich and Düsseldorf to the company’s re-branded low-cost carrier Germanwings.[31]

text: In September 2013 Lufthansa Group announced its biggest order, for 59 wide-body aircraft valued more than 14 billion euros at list prices. Earlier in the same year Lufthansa placed an order for 100 next-generation narrow-body aircraft.[32]

text: The group has had a long-standing dispute with the Vereinigung Cockpit union which has demanded a scheme in which pilots can retire at the age of 55 and 60% of their pay be retained, which Lufthansa insists is no longer affordable. Lufthansa pilots were joined by pilots from the group's budget carrier Germanwings to stage a nationwide strike in support of their demands in April 2014 which lasted 3 days. The pilots staged another 6 hours strike at the end of the Summer holidays in September 2014, which caused the cancellation of 200 Lufthansa flights and 100 Germanwings flights.[33]

text: In November 2014, Lufthansa signed an outsourcing deal worth $1.25 billion with IBM that will see the US company take over the airline’s IT infrastructure services division and staff.[34]

text: In June 2015, Lufthansa announced plans to close its small long-haul base at Düsseldorf Airport for economic reasons by October 2015. At the time, the base consisted of two Airbus A340-300s rotating between Newark and Chicago. As a result, service to Chicago from Düsseldorf was first made seasonal, suspended for the winter 2015 season, and then cancelled altogether.[35] Service to Newark, however, has been maintained. From the winter 2015 schedule through the end of the winter 2016 schedule, Düsseldorf was served by aircraft which also flew the Munich-Newark route. Currently Airbus A330-300 aircraft operate the Düsseldorf-Newark route.

text: On 22 March 2016, Lufthansa ended Boeing 737-500 operations.[36] The airline's last Boeing 737 (a 737-300) was retired on 29 October 2016, after a flight from Milan to Frankfurt. Lufthansa operated the 737 in several variants for almost 50 years, the first aircraft having been delivered on 27 December 1967.[37]

text: On 4 December 2017, Lufthansa became the first European airline to receive the prestigious Skytrax 5 star certification. This makes Lufthansa the 10th airline to be holding this award.[38] In celebration, Lufthansa painted an Airbus A320 and a Boeing 747-8 in the "5 Starhansa" livery.[39]

text: In March 2018, Lufthansa accepted the request from Beijing to list Taiwan as part of China.[40]

text: Corporate affairs[edit]

text: Ownership[edit]

text: Lufthansa was a state-owned enterprise (and flag carrier) until 1994.[41] Deutsche Lufthansa AG shares have been publicly traded on all German stock exchanges since 1966. In addition to floor trading, it is also traded electronically using the Xetra system. It is a DAX index share and is listed in the German Stock Exchange’s Prime Standard.[42] In its annual report for 2016, Lufthansa reported that German investors held 68.6 per cent of the shares (previous year: 74.9 per cent). The second largest group, with 13.4 per cent, were shareholders from the USA. Investors from Luxembourg accounted for 4.2 per cent, followed by the United Kingdom and Ireland, with 2.9 per cent and 1.8 per cent respectively. This ensures continued compliance with the provisions of the German Aviation Compliance Documentation Act (LuftNaSiG). 54.5 per cent (previous year: 53.9 per cent) of the shares were held by institutional investors and 45.5 per cent (previous year: 46.1 per cent) by private individuals.[43]

text: Business trends[edit]

text: Key business and operating results of Lufthansa Group for recent years are shown below (as at year ending 31 December):

text:
2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

Turnover (€ m)

18,065

19,849

22,420

24,870

22,283

27,324

28,734

30,135

30,027

30,011

32,056

31,660

35,579

Net profit/loss (€ m)

453

803

1,655

542

-43

1,131

-13

990

313

55

1,698

1,776

2,364

Number of employees (k at year end)

92.3

94.5

105.3

107.8

117.5

117.0

116.4

117.0

118.3

118.8

120.7

124.3

129.4

Number of passengers (m)

51.3

53.4

62.9

70.5

77.3

91.2

100.5

103.1

104.6

106.0

107.7

109.7

130.0

Passenger load factor (%)

75.0

75.2

79.8

78.9

77.9

79.3

77.6

78.8

79.8

80.1

80.4

79.1

80.9

Cargo load factor (%)

65.0

72.1

67.4

62.9

60.6

68.0

66.8

66.9

69.1

69.9

66.3

66.6

69.3

Number of aircraft (at year end)

432

430

513

534

722

710

636

627

622

615

602

617

728

Notes/sources

[44]

[44]

[44]

[44]

[44]

[44]

[44]

[44]

[44]

[44]

[44]

[44][43]

[44]

text: Headquarters[edit]

text: Lufthansa's corporate headquarters are in Cologne. In 1971, Lawrence Fellows of The New York Times described the then-new headquarters building that Lufthansa occupied in Cologne as "gleaming".[45] In 1986, terrorists bombed the building.[46] No one was injured.[47] In 2006, builders laid the first stone of the new Lufthansa headquarters in Deutz, Cologne. By the end of 2007 Lufthansa planned to move 800 employees, including the company's finance department, to the new building.[48] However, in early 2013 Lufthansa revealed plans to relocate its head office from Cologne to Frankfurt by 2017.[49]

text: Several Lufthansa departments are not at the headquarters; instead they are in the Lufthansa Aviation Center at Frankfurt Airport. These departments include Corporate Communications,[50] Investor Relations,[51] and Media Relations.[52]

text: Airline subsidiaries[edit]

text: In addition to its main passenger operation, Lufthansa has several airline subsidiaries, including:[53]

text:
Lufthansa Regional - regional feeder airline
Lufthansa CityLine - German regional airline headquartered in Munich and part of Lufthansa Regional
Air Dolomiti - Italian regional airline headquartered in Villafranca di Verona and part of Lufthansa Regional
Austrian Airlines - the flag carrier airline of Austria based at Vienna International Airport
Swiss International Air Lines - the flag carrier airline of Switzerland based at Zürich Airport
Edelweiss Air - Swiss's leisure airline subsidiary
Eurowings Group (low-cost or hybrid point-to-point airlines) [54]
Eurowings - German low-cost airline headquartered in Düsseldorf
Luftfahrtgesellschaft Walter - German low-cost regional airline integrated into Eurowings in October 2017
Eurowings Europe - low-cost airline registered in Austria
Brussels Airlines - the flag carrier airline of Belgium based at Brussels Airport [55]
Lufthansa Cargo - German cargo airline headquartered in Frankfurt, formerly German Cargo

text:
AeroLogic - German cargo airline owned by a joint-venture of Lufthansa (50%) and DHL (50%)
SunExpress - Turkish leisure airline jointly owned by Lufthansa (50%) and Turkish Airlines (50%)
SunExpress Deutschland - German subsidiary of SunExpress

text:
British Midland International (2009-2011, stake owned since 1999) - British airline subsidiary sold to International Airlines Group and merged into British Airways in 2012
Condor Flugdienst (1959-2004, stakes owned from 1955 until 2006) - former leisure subsidiary, shares gradually acquired by Thomas Cook AG, now owned by Thomas Cook Group
German Cargo (1977-1993) - cargo subsidiary, reorganized into the current Lufthansa Cargo
Lufthansa Italia (2009-2011) - Italian airline subsidiary established, sharing IATA, ICAO, and callsigns with the main Lufthansa

text: Other subsidiaries[edit]

text: In addition to the airlines mentioned above, Lufthansa maintains further aviation affiliated subsidiaries:[53]

text:
Global Load Control, a world leader in remote weight and balance services.
LSG Sky Chefs, the world's largest airline caterer, which accounts for one third of the world's airline meals.
Lufthansa Consulting, an international aviation consultantancy for airlines, airports and related industries.
Lufthansa Flight Training, a provider of flight crew training services to various airlines and the main training arm for the airline's own pilots.
Lufthansa Systems, the largest European aviation IT provider.
Lufthansa Technik, aircraft maintenance providers.
Lufthansa City Center International, a network of independent travel agents who are Lufthansa franchisees

text: Brand history[edit]

text: The Lufthansa logo, an encircled stylized crane in flight, was first created in 1918 by Otto Firle. It was part of the livery of the first German airline, Deutsche Luft-Reederei (abbreviated DLR), which began air service on February 5, 1919. In 1926, Deutsche Luft Hansa adopted this symbol, and in 1954, Lufthansa expressed continuity by adopting it and later in 1963 — a variant thereof as redesigned by Robert Lisovskyi.

text: The original creator of the name Lufthansa is believed to be F.A. Fischer von Puturzyn. In 1925, he published a book entitled "Luft-Hansa" which examined the options open to aviation policymakers at the time. Luft Hansa was the name given to the new airline, which resulted from the merger of Junkers' airline (Luftverkehr AG) and Deutscher Aero Lloyd.[56]

text: After World War II, the company kept blue and yellow as their main colours and the crane logo. Since the beginning of the 1960s, Helvetica was used for the company name in the livery. The fuselage was painted white on top, and was aluminium below a blue window band. The crane logo was painted blue on a yellow parabola inside a blue band on the tail.

text: German designer Otl Aicher created a comprehensive corporate design for the airline in 1967. The crane logo was now always displayed in a circle which, on the livery, was yellow on an otherwise blue tailfin. Helvetica was used as the main typeface for both the livery and publications. The blue band and general paint scheme of the aircraft were retained from the previous livery.

text: Aicher's concept remained in place until 2018, although the design was refreshed in 1988. The blue window band was removed and the bottom part of the fuselage and engines was now painted in light grey.

text: Alliances and partnerships[edit]

text: Commercial[edit]

text: Lufthansa bought a 19% stake in JetBlue Airways in December 2007 and entered a code-sharing agreement with the airline. It was the first major investment by a European carrier in an American carrier since the EU–U.S. Open Skies Agreement came into effect in 2008. Lufthansa sold its stake in JetBlue in March 2015.

text: In late 2007,  Lufthansa Cargo was forced to relocate a hub from Kazakhstan to Russia.

text: On August 28, 2008, Lufthansa and Brussels Airlines announced that they were negotiating joining together.[57]

text: Lufthansa acquired a 45% stake in Brussels Airlines in 2009. It has an option to acquire the remaining 55% by 2017. As a part of the deal Brussels Airlines joined Star Alliance in December 2009.[58][59][60]

text: On October 28, 2008, Lufthansa exercised its option to purchase a further 60% share in BMI (in addition to the 20% Lufthansa already owned), this resulted in a dispute with former owner Sir Michael Bishop. Both parties reached an agreement at the end of June 2009, and the acquisition took place with effect from July 1, 2009.[61] Lufthansa acquired the remaining 20% from Scandinavian Airlines on November 1, 2009, taking complete control of BMI.[62]

text: Lufthansa completed the purchase of Austrian Airlines from the Austrian government in January 2009.

text: In 2010, Lufthansa was named in a European Commission investigation into price-fixing, but was not fined because it acted as a whistleblower.[63]

text: In April 2012, Lufthansa completed the sale of BMI to International Airlines Group (IAG), owner of British Airways and Iberia for £172.5 million.

text: In July 2012, a Qantas–Lufthansa Technik maintenance deal for Tullamarine airport fell through due to having insufficient engine maintenance work to support the partnership. This resulted in 164 engineers being made redundant. This followed just months after the closing of heavy maintenance operations, which resulted in 400 additional job losses. It was announced that the Lufthansa Technik–Qantas partnership would end in September.[64]

text: Lufthansa also coordinates scheduling and ticket sales on transatlantic flights with Air Canada and United Airlines (as do Brussels Airlines, Swiss and Austrian Airlines).  Lufthansa (with Swiss and Austrian Airlines) cooperates similarly with ANA on flights to Japan. Both ventures required approval of competition authorities.

text: Technology[edit]

text: Until April 2009 Lufthansa inventory and departure control systems, based on Unisys were managed by LH Systems. Lufthansa reservations systems were outsourced to Amadeus in the early 1990s. Following a decision to outsource all components of the Passenger Service System, the functions were outsourced to the Altéa platform managed by Amadeus.

text: Partner airlines[edit]

text: Lufthansa describes Air Malta, Luxair, LATAM and bmi regional as partner airlines.  The partnerships mainly involve code-sharing and recognition of each other's frequent flier programmes.

text: Sponsorships[edit]

text: Lufthansa sponsors Bundesliga club Eintracht Frankfurt.[65] The Lufthansa Group also sponsors the German Sports Aid Foundation - promoting its sociopolitical goals and the athletes it sponsors.[66]

text: Destinations[edit]

text: Codeshare agreements[edit]

text: Lufthansa codeshares with the following airlines:[67]

text:
Adria Airways
Aegean Airlines
Air Astana[68]
Air Canada
Air China
Air Dolomiti
Air India
Air Malta
Air New Zealand
Alaska Airlines
All Nippon Airways[69]
Austrian Airlines[70]
Avianca
Azerbaijan Airlines
BMI Regional
Brussels Airlines
Cathay Pacific
Copa Airlines
Croatia Airlines
EgyptAir
Ethiopian Airlines
Etihad Airways[71]
Eurowings
Iran Air
LATAM Brasil
LOT Polish Airlines
Luxair
Nordica
Scandinavian Airlines
Singapore Airlines
South African Airways
Swiss International Air Lines
TAAG Angola Airlines
TAP Air Portugal
Thai Airways
United Airlines

text: Fleet[edit]

text: Current fleet[edit]

text: As of  October 2018[update], the Lufthansa mainline fleet (excluding all subsidiaries) consists of the following aircraft:[72][73]

text:
Lufthansa mainline fleet

Aircraft

In service

Orders

Passengers

Notes

F

B

E+

E

Total

Airbus A319-100

30

—

—

var

—

var

138[74]

One painted in Star Alliance livery[75]

Airbus A320-200

70

9

—

var

—

var

168[76]

Two painted in Star Alliance livery[75]One painted in 5 Starhansa livery[39]

180[77]

Airbus A320neo

14

53

—

var

—

var

180[78]

Worldwide launch customer.First aircraft delivered on 20 January 2016.

Airbus A321-100

20

—

—

var

—

var

200[79]

One painted in Star Alliance livery[75]

Airbus A321-200

43

—

One painted in 1960s retro livery[75]

Airbus A321neo

—

40

—

var

—

var

215

Airbus A330-300

18

—

8

30

21

177

236

42

145

216

—

42

28

185

255

Airbus A340-300

15

—

—

42

28

181

251

Seven painted in Star Alliance livery[75]4 more to be transferred to Brussels Airlines for Eurowings operations[80]

30

221

279

18

19

261

298

42

—

225

267

Airbus A340-600

17

—

8

44

32

213

297

Older aircraft to be retired and replaced by A350-900[81]

56

28

189

281

Airbus A350-900

11

14

—

48

21

224

293

Deliveries until 2023[82][83]

36

262

319

Airbus A380-800

14

—

8

78

52

371

509

Boeing 747-400

13

—

—

53

32

308

393

All to be retired by 2025To be replaced by Boeing 777-9.[84]

67

272

371

Boeing 747-8

19

—

8

80

32

244

364

Includes the 1500th Boeing 747 built and the 75th Boeing 747 operated by Lufthansa.One painted in 5 Starhansa livery[39]One painted in 1970s retro livery[75]

Boeing 777-9

—

20[85]

TBA

Deliveries from 2020 through 2025 to replace Boeing 747-400s[86]

Total

284

136

text: Historical fleet[edit]

text:
Lufthansa mainline historical fleet since 1955

Aircraft

Introduced

Retired

Notes

Airbus A300B2-1C

1976

1988

Airbus A300B4-2C

1977

1987

Airbus A300-600R

1987

2009

Airbus A310-200

1983

1995

Launch customer along with Swissair

Airbus A310-300

1989

2005

Airbus A330-200

2002

2006

Airbus A340-200

1993

2006

Launch customer

Boeing 707-300B/C

1963

1984

Also used in cargo configuration

Boeing 707-400

1960

1977

Launch customer

Boeing 720B

1961

1965

Boeing 727-100

1964

1979

Also used in Quick Change version

Boeing 727-200

1971

1993

Boeing 737-100

1967

1982

Launch customer, dubbed City Jet, first airline to operate the Boeing 737

Boeing 737-200

1969

1997

Also used in Quick Change version

Boeing 737-300

1986

2016[37]

Also used in Quick Change version

Boeing 737-400

1992

1998

Boeing 737-500

1990

2016[36]

Boeing 747-100

1970

1979

Boeing 747-200B/F

1971

2004

Also used in cargo configuration

Boeing 767-300ER

19942003

19952004

Leased from Condor[87]

Convair CV-340/440

1955

1968

Curtiss C-46

1964

1969

Leased cargo aircraft

Douglas DC-3

1955

1960

Also used in cargo configuration

Douglas DC-4

1958

1959

One single leased cargo aircraft

Douglas DC-8

1965

1966

One single leased cargo aircraft

McDonnell Douglas DC-10

1974

1995

Fokker F27 Friendship

1965

1966

Leased from Condor

Lockheed L1049G Super Constellation

1955

1968

Also used in cargo configuration

Lockheed L1649A Starliner

1957

1966

Vickers Viking

1956

1961

Two leased cargo aircraft

Vickers Viscount

1958

1971

text: Aircraft naming conventions[edit]

text: In September 1960, a Lufthansa Boeing 707 (D-ABOC), which would serve the Frankfurt-New York intercontinental route, was christened Berlin after the divided city of Berlin by then-mayor Willy Brandt. Following Berlin, other Lufthansa 707 planes were named "Hamburg", "Frankfurt", "München", and "Bonn." With these names, the company established a tradition of naming the planes in its fleet after German cities and towns or federal states, with a rule of thumb that the airplane make, size, or route would correspond roughly to the relative size or importance of the city or town it was named after.

text: This tradition continued, with two notable exceptions, until 2010: The first was an Airbus A340-300 registered D-AIFC, named "Gander/Halifax", after Gander and Halifax, two Canadian cities along the standard flight path from Europe to North America. It became the first Lufthansa airplane named after a non-German city. The name commemorates the hospitality of the communities of Gander and Halifax, which served as improvised safe havens for the passengers and crew of the multitude of international aircraft unable to return to their originating airports during Operation Yellow Ribbon after the September 11, 2001 attacks. The other aircraft not named after a German city was an Airbus A321-100 registered as D-AIRA, which was designated Finkenwerder in honour of the Airbus facility in the district of Hamburg-Finkenwerder,[88] where about 40% of Airbus narrowbody models are manufactured.

text: In February 2010, Lufthansa announced that its first two Airbus A380s would be named Frankfurt am Main (D-AIMA) and München (D-AIMB) after Lufthansa's two hub airports. Subsequent A380 aircraft were named after other Lufthansa Group hub airports Zürich, Wien (Vienna) and Brüssel (Brussels) and the major German cities of Düsseldorf and Berlin. The remaining A380s were named after Star Alliance hub cities Tokyo, Beijing, Johannesburg, New York, San Francisco and Delhi. However, D-AIMN San Francisco was renamed Deutschland (Germany) in 2016.[88]

text: As of 2016 there are several short and long haul aircraft in Lufthansa's fleet that do not bear any name. They either never received one or their former one has been given to a newer aircraft, which was the case for several Boeing 747-400s. For example, the former Bayern (Bavaria), a Boeing 747-400 still in active service lost that name to a new Boeing 747-8.[88]

text: Vintage aircraft restoration[edit]

text: Lufthansa Technik, the airline's maintenance arm, restored a Junkers Ju 52/3m built in 1936 to airworthiness; this aircraft was in use on the 10-hour Berlin to Rome route, across the Alps, in the 1930s. Lufthansa is now restoring a Lockheed Super Constellation, using parts from three such aircraft bought at auctions. Lufthansa's Super Constellations and L1649 "Starliners" served routes such as Hamburg-Madrid-Dakar-Caracas-Santiago. Lufthansa Technik recruits retired employees and volunteers for skilled labour.[89][90]

text: Airbus A380[edit]

text: Lufthansa had initially ordered a total of 15 Airbus A380-800, of which by June 2012 ten were delivered. In September 2011, the order was increased by two more copies to 17, this order was confirmed on March 14, 2013. However, in September 2013 it was announced that the Lufthansa Supervisory Board had approved the purchase of only twelve of the first 15 A380s. Thus, a total of 14 A380s have been added to the fleet.

text: Lufthansa uses its A380s from and to Frankfurt am Main (9 aircraft) and since March 2018 to and from Munich as well (5 aircraft). From 6 to 12 December 2011, Lufthansa already used an A380 once a day on the route from Munich to New York-JFK. This happened mainly against the backdrop of Christmas shopping in New York City.

text: Services[edit]

text: Frequent-flyer programme[edit]

text: Lufthansa's frequent-flyer programme is called Miles & More, and is shared among several European airlines, including all of Lufthansa's subsidiary airlines (excluding the SunExpress joint ventures), plus Adria Airways, Condor Flugdienst (formerly owned by Lufthansa), Croatia Airlines, LOT Polish Airlines, and Luxair (stake formerly held by Lufthansa).[91] Miles & More members may earn miles on Lufthansa flights and Star Alliance partner flights, as well as through Lufthansa credit cards, and purchases made through the Lufthansa shops. Status within Miles & More is determined by miles flown during one calendar year with specific partners. Membership levels include: Miles & More member (no minimal threshold), Frequent Traveller (Silver, 35,000-mile (56,000 km) threshold or 30 individual flights), Senator (Gold, 100,000-mile (160,000 km) threshold), and HON Circle (Black, 600,000-mile (970,000 km) threshold over two calendar years). All Miles & More status levels higher than Miles & More member offer lounge access and executive bonus miles, with the higher levels offering more exclusive benefits.[91]

text: Cabins[edit]

text: First Class[edit]

text:
First Class is offered on most long-haul aircraft (Airbus A330-300, A340-600, the front part of the upper deck of all Airbus A380s, and the main deck nose section of all Boeing 747–8s). Each seat converts to a 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) bed, includes laptop power outlets, as well as entertainment facilities. Meals are available on demand. Lufthansa offers dedicated First Class check-in counters at most airports, and offers dedicated First Class lounges in Frankfurt and Munich, as well as a dedicated first class terminal in Frankfurt. Arriving passengers have the option of using Lufthansa's First Class arrival facilities, as well as the new Welcome Lounge. Lufthansa has introduced a new First Class product aboard the Airbus A380 and plans to gradually introduce it on all of its long-haul aircraft.[92]
With the new programme SCORE, introduced to boost profits by 1.5 billion euros over the following years, LH will stop route expansion and extensively decrease its First Class offerings on most routes.[93][94]

text: Business Class[edit]

text: Business Class is offered on all long-haul aircraft. Seats convert to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) lie-flat beds and include laptop power outlets and entertainment facilities.[95] Lufthansa offers dedicated Business Class check-in counters at all airports, as well as dedicated Business Class lounges at most airports, or contract lounges at other airports, as well as the Lufthansa Welcome Lounge upon arrival in Frankfurt. As of 2014, Business Class on all wide body aircraft feature flat bed seats.[96] Lufthansa released plans for a new business class set to be released on the Boeing 777-9 in 2020. [97]

text: Premium Economy Class[edit]

text: Introduced in 2014,[98] Lufthansa's long-haul Premium Economy is being rolled out on all long-haul aircraft, starting with some Boeing 747-8s. Similar in design to Air Canada's Premium Economy or British Airways' World Traveller Plus cabins, Premium Economy features 38-inch (970 mm) pitch along with up to 3 inches (76 mm) more width than economy class, depending on the aircraft. The seats also feature a 11 or 12 inches (280 or 300 mm) personal seat-back entertainment screen and a larger armrest separating seats.

text: Economy Class[edit]

text: Lufthansa's long-haul Economy Class is offered on all long-haul aircraft. All have a 31-inch (790 mm) seat pitch except the Airbus A380s, which have a 33-inch (840 mm) seat pitch. Passengers receive meals, as well as free drinks. The whole fleet offers Audio-Video-On-Demand (AVOD) screens in Economy Class.

text: Airport lounges and terminals[edit]

text: Lufthansa operates four types of lounges within its destination network: First Class, Senator, Business, and Welcome Lounges. Each departure lounge is accessible both through travel class, or Miles and More/Star Alliance status; the Welcome Lounge is limited to arriving premium passengers of the Lufthansa Group and United Airlines only.[99]

text: Lufthansa also operates a dedicated first class terminal at Frankfurt Airport. The first terminal of its kind, access is limited only to departing Lufthansa First Class, same day Lufthansa Group first class and HON Circle members. Approximately 200 staff care for approximately 300 passengers per day in the terminal, which features a full-service restaurant, full bar, cigar lounge, relaxation rooms, and offices, as well as bath facilities. Guests are driven directly to their departing flight by Mercedes-Benz S-Class, Porsche Cayenne, Porsche Panamera, or Mercedes-Benz V-Class.

text: Bus service[edit]

text: Lufthansa previously operated a check-in point in the city limits of Nuremberg and a bus service from Nuremberg to Munich Airport.[100]

text: Accidents and incidents[edit]

text: This is a list of accidents and incidents involving Lufthansa mainline aircraft since 1956.For earlier occurrences, refer to Deutsche Luft Hansa. For accidents and incidents on Lufthansa-branded flights which were operated by other airlines, see the respective articles (Lufthansa CityLine, Lufthansa Cargo, Contact Air, Germanwings, and Air Dolomiti).

text: Fatal[edit]

text:
On January 11, 1959, Lufthansa Flight 502, a Lufthansa Lockheed Super Constellation (registered D-ALAK) crashed onto a beach shortly off Galeão Airport in Rio de Janeiro following a scheduled passenger flight from Hamburg, Germany. Of the 29 passengers and 10 crew members on board, only the co-pilot and 2 flight attendants survived. Investigation into the accident resulted in blaming the pilots for having executed a too low approach, which may have been caused by fatigue.[101]
On December 4, 1961, a Lufthansa Boeing 720 (registered D-ABOK) crashed of unknown causes near Mainz during a training flight from Frankfurt to Cologne, killing the three occupants. It was the first crash involving an aircraft of that type.[102]
On July 15, 1964, another Boeing 720 (registered D-ABOP) crashed during a training flight, with the three people, including Werner Baake, on board losing their lives (in what was only the second crash for this aircraft type). The accident occurred near Ansbach after the pilots had lost control of the aircraft when executing an aileron roll.
On January 28, 1966 at 17:50 local time, Lufthansa Flight 5 from Frankfurt to Bremen, which was operated using a Convair CV-440 Metropolitan registered D-ACAT, crashed 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi) short of Bremen Airport, killing all 42 passengers and 4 crew members on board. The pilots had tried to execute a go-around when approaching the airport, during which the aircraft stalled and went out of control, possibly due to pilot error.[103]

text:
On November 20, 1974 at 07:54 local time, Lufthansa Flight 540, a Boeing 747–100 (registered D-ABYB), lost power and crashed shortly after take-off at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport in what was the first air accident involving a Boeing 747. 55 out of the 140 passengers and 4 out of the 17 crew lost their lives, making it the worst accident in the history of the airline.[105]
On July 26, 1979 at 21:32 UTC, a cargo-configured Boeing 707 (registered D-ABUY) that was en route Lufthansa Flight 527 from Rio de Janeiro to Dakar and onwards to Germany crashed into a mountain 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Galeão Airport during initial climb, killing the three crew members on board. A flawed communication between the pilots and the air traffic controller had resulted in the aircraft flying on a wrong path.[106]
On September 14, 1993, Lufthansa Flight 2904, an Airbus A320-200 (registered D-AIPN) flying from Frankfurt to Warsaw with 64 passengers and 4 crew members on board, overran the runway upon landing at Warsaw-Okecie Airport, and crashed into an earth embankment, resulting in the death of the co-pilot and one passenger.[107][108]

text: Non-fatal[edit]

text:
On December 20, 1973 at 00:33 local time, a Lufthansa Boeing 707 (registered D-ABOT) with 98 passengers and 11 crew members on board collided with a middle marker shack upon approaching Palam Airport in Delhi following a scheduled passenger flight from Bangkok (as part of a multi-leg flight back to Germany). There were no injuries, but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair. Visibility was poor at the time of the accident.[109]
On 18 October 1983, a Boeing 747-200 freighter ran off the runway at Kai Tak airport in Hong Kong and got bogged in the grass after an engine failure during take off.[110]
On 11 June 2018, one of the airline’s Airbus A340-300s, registered as D-AIFA, was being towed to its departure gate at Frankfurt Airport when the towing vehicle caught fire. Despite the quick action of the airport fire brigade, the aircraft suffered substantial fire and smoke damage to the nose and flight deck. Six people were treated for smoke inhalation.[111]

text: Hijackings[edit]

text:
In 1972, the year of the Munich Summer Olympics, there were four reported hijackings involving Lufthansa aircraft:
On February 22, Flight 649, a Boeing 747-200 (registered D-ABYD) with 172 passengers and 15 crew members on board was hijacked en route from Delhi to Athens (as part of a multi-leg flight from Tokyo to Frankfurt) by five Palestinian terrorists who thus wanted to press a $5 million ransom from the German government. The aircraft landed at Aden International Airport, and the hostages were released on the following day once the demands of the perpetrators were accepted.[112][113]
On July 10, a similar hijacking attempt occurred on board a Lufthansa Boeing 737-100 during a flight from Cologne to Munich.[114][better source needed]
October 11 saw a Boeing 727 being hijacked on a flight from Lisbon to Frankfurt. Upon landing at Frankfurt Airport, the perpetrator tried to flee but was captured by police forces.[115][better source needed]
On October 29, two men hijacked Flight 615 with 11 other passengers and 7 crew members on board during a flight from Beirut to Ankara (and onwards to Germany), in order to liberate the three surviving members of the Black September group responsible for the Munich massacre. Whilst the hijacked Boeing 727 (registered D-ABIG) was forced to circle over Zagreb Airport in danger of eventual fuel starvation, the West German authorities decided to comply with the demands. The prisoners were handed over and the aircraft was allowed to be flown to Tripoli, where the hostages were released.[116][117][118]
On December 17, 1973, in the wake of the events surrounding Pan Am Flight 110, a parked Lufthansa Boeing 737–100 (registered D-ABEY) was hijacked at Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport in Rome. 10 Italian hostages that had been taken by Palestinian terrorists at the airport were forced into the aircraft by 5 perpetrators, and the German crew (2 pilots and 2 flight attendants) that was on board preparing the departure to Munich had to fly the aircraft instead first to Athens and then to several other airports, until the ordeal ended at Kuwait International Airport the next day, where the hijackers surrendered.[119][120]
On June 28, 1977, a Lufthansa Boeing 727 was hijacked during a flight from Frankfurt to Istanbul and forced to divert to Munich.[121][better source needed]
The Hijacking of the Landshut occurred on October 13, 1977, at a time when West Germany had come under intense terroristic pressure known as German Autumn. The Boeing 737–200 (registered D-ABCE) was hijacked en route Flight 181 from Palma de Mallorca to Frankfurt by 4 terrorists of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, who thus wanted to force the German government to release several RAF terrorists. The crew had to divert the aircraft with 87 other passengers first to Rome, and then onwards to Larnaca, Bahrain, Dubai, Aden (where the captain was killed when he returned to the aircraft after negotiations with the local authorities), and finally to Mogadishu in an ordeal that took several days. At Mogadishu Airport, the German GSG 9 special forces stormed the aircraft in the early hours of October 18 local time, killing 3 terrorists and freeing all hostages.[122]
On September 12, 1979, a hijacking attempt occurred on board a Lufthansa Boeing 727 on a flight from Frankfurt to Cologne, but the perpetrator quickly surrendered.[123][better source needed]
Three hijackings occurred in due course in early 1985:
On February 27, a Boeing 727 was hijacked en route a Lufthansa flight from Frankfurt to Damascus. Two perpetrators forced the pilots to divert the aircraft (with 35 other passengers on board) to Vienna International Airport, where they surrendered.[124][better source needed]
On March 27, another 727 was hijacked, this time on a flight from Munich to Athens. A man demanded the pilots to divert to Libya. During a fuel stop at Istanbul, the aircraft was stormed and the perpetrator arrested.[125][better source needed]
Only two days later, a mentally ill person on board a Lufthansa Boeing 737–200 on a flight from Hamburg to London demanded to be taken to Hawaii instead.[126][better source needed]
On February 11, 1993, Lufthansa Flight 592 from Frankfurt to Addis Ababa via Cairo with 94 passengers and 10 crew members was hijacked during the first leg by 20-year-old Nebiu Zewolde Demeke, who forced the pilots to divert the Airbus A310 (registered D-AIDM) to the United States, with the intent of securing the right of asylum there. Demeke, who had been on the flight in order to be deported back to his native Ethiopia, surrendered to authorities upon arrival at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City. No passengers or crew members were harmed during the 12-hour ordeal.[127]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: Employment relations[edit]

text: Relations between Lufthansa and their pilots have been very tense in the past years, with many strikes occurring, causing many flights to be cancelled, as well as major losses to the company.[128] A major dispute between Lufthansa and the pilot's union has been settled after nearly five years and overall 14 strikes in December 2017.[129]

text: Germanwings crisis management[edit]

text: Germanwings is a subsidiary of Lufthansa. Carsten Spohr, Lufthansa’s CEO, oversaw the Germanwings Flight 9525 accident, "the darkest day for Lufthansa in its 60-year history".[130]

text: Nonetheless, damage control by Spohr and his team was poor according to several sources, as compared to other CEOs in the face of a major accident, with contradictory information given about the mental health and the airworthiness of the co-pilot Andreas Lubitz. It was revealed that Lubitz suffered from a severe case of depression and mental disorders and had intentionally crashed Germanwings Flight 9525 into the French Alps, killing all 150 aboard. Spohr had misleadingly said the co-pilot “was 100% airworthy without any restrictions, without any conditions”.[131]

text: GDS surcharge[edit]

text: On September 1, 2015, Lufthansa implemented a 16 euro surcharge on Global Distribution System bookings. The surcharge is payable unless tickets are purchased directly from the airline's website, or at its service centers and ticket counters at the airport. In a statement responding to Lufthansa’s strategy, Amadeus said the new model would make “comparison and transparency more difficult because travelers will now be forced to go to multiple channels to search for the best fares.[132] For the period between September 1–14, the airline experienced a 16.1% drop in revenue, indicating to some that the new fee backfired, although the airline maintains the statement that the decrease was due to the pilot strike, and "other seasonal effects".[133]