document_title: 1988 Polish strikes

question_text: where was a major strike held in poland

question_tokens: where was a major strike held in poland

text: 1988 Polish strikes

text: Background[edit]

text: Late 1980s was the time of deep economic crisis of Poland. The military regime of General Wojciech Jaruzelski did not carry out any radical reform of the economy in 1982-1983 following their imposition of Martial Law in Poland. Industrial production remained below the 1979 level. Average inflation rate climbed to 60% by 1988, and Poland’s hard-currency debt to the Western countries grew from $25 billion in 1981 to $43 billion in 1989.[4] Furthermore, the military rule was a failure, even though Solidarity had been outlawed in 1982, which in turn forced its members to go underground. In those circumstances, anger and frustration of the nation grew, deepened by economic malaise, and constantly declining living standards. More than 60% of population lived in poverty, and inflation, measured by black-market rate of the U.S. dollar, was 1,500% in the period 1982 - 1987.[5]

text: On November 29, 1987, the Communists decided to seek popular support for a 110% price increase, calling the Referendum on political and economic reforms (see Referendums in Poland) supported by the old slogan of "democratization" as the only concession. The government of Zbigniew Messner lost the referendum - according to independent sources, with the turnout of around 30%,[5] but officially, it was announced that 63.8% voters participated in it, and so, deputy prime minister Zdzislaw Sadowski decided to go on with the price increase. The policy was introduced on February 1, 1988. It was the biggest hike since 1982. The operation was a failure, as the massive price increases were followed by 40% increase in wages, meant to offset the price increases. As a result, inflation rose at alarming speed, and by late 1989, near hyperinflation was reached.[6]

text: Repressions against the Solidarity movement[edit]

text: In late 1987, Communist authorities initiated a wave of repressions of activists of underground Solidarity trade union and other oppositional organizations. On November 9, Kornel Morawiecki, leader of Fighting Solidarity was arrested. In the same year, Lech Wałęsa resumed his post as leader of Solidarity, where he remained until 1990.[7] Meanwhile, local branches of the movement tried to legalize themselves in courts across Poland, but all these attempts were refused. On August 31, 1987, the 7th anniversary of the Gdańsk Agreement, street demonstrations and clashes with police took place in Warsaw, Wrocław, Lublin, and Bydgoszcz.[8] On March 8, 1988, on the 20th anniversary of the 1968 Polish political crisis, activists of the Independent Students Union organized demonstrations in Warsaw, Kraków and Lublin. Most active demonstrators were immediately repressed by the government.

text: Spring 1988 strikes[edit]

text: On April 21, 1988, 5000 workers of Stalowa Wola Steelworks organized a meeting, during which they demanded end of repressions of Solidarity activists, and 20,000 złoty salary increase.[9] First strikes broke out four days later, on April 25, 1988, in mass transportation centers in northern cities of Bydgoszcz[10] and Inowrocław. On the next day, one of the biggest companies of the country, Vladimir Lenin Steelworks in Kraków, joined the strike. The workers demanded salary increase, re-employment of Solidarity activists, who had been fired during the martial law, as well as legalization of Solidarity.[11] Meanwhile, a strike broke out in Stalowa Wola Steelworks. Both these actions were suppressed by the Communist security forces (ZOMO), supported by anti-terrorist units. In Stalowa Wola, a demonstration of force, together with threats of use of regular army troops, was sufficient, and the strikers gave up on April 30. In Kraków, however, the workers continued their action, therefore the government decided to use power. In the night of May 4/5, the steelworks were brutally pacified by the ZOMO and anti-terrorist units.[12] In reaction to the attack, workers of several factories across the country organized protests and meetings.

text: On May 1, 1988, opposition activists organized peaceful demonstrations in several Polish cities, such as Bielsko-Biała, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Gdańsk, Kraków, Łódź, Płock, Poznań, Warsaw, and Wrocław. They were attended by thousands of people, and in some places, street fights erupted. On the next day, a strike broke out in Lenin Gdańsk Shipyard, where workers demanded legalization of Solidarity. Soon, Tadeusz Mazowiecki and Andrzej Wielowieyski showed up in Gdańsk, ready to talk to the management of the plant. However, the talks were fruitless, and on May 10, after threats of use of force, the strike ended in the atmosphere of failure.[9] The last strike of the spring took place in Szczecin, involving workers of city’s mass transit system.

text: Summer 1988 strikes[edit]

text: During late spring and early summer of 1988, the situation in Poland did not improve. In several cities, local Solidarity branches unsuccessfully tried to legalize the union. On June 19, local elections took place, and Solidarity urged voters to boycott them. On July 26, government spokesman Jerzy Urban said that Solidarity permanently belonged to the past, and two days later, Polish sociologists announced that only 28% of Poles believed that government’s reforms would succeed. Most people thought that the reforms would end up with even deeper crisis.[13] The first strike of summer 1988 took place in the Upper Silesian city of Jastrzębie-Zdrój, and it began on August 15.

text: Upper Silesia[edit]

text: On August 15, a strike broke out at the July Manifesto coal mine in Jastrzębie-Zdrój; the mine had been a center of strikes eight years earlier (see Jastrzębie-Zdrój 1980 strikes). Importantly, miners from July Manifesto tried to start a strike on May 15, 1988, but the main activists of Solidarity had been arrested by the Służba Bezpieczeństwa, whose special agents got word of the plans.[14] In the second half of August, further mines, most from southern Upper Silesia joined the strikers, and the Interfactory Strike Committee under Krzysztof Zakrzewski was founded in Jastrzębie-Zdrój. Miners from Jastrzębie-Zdrój were supported by a local priest, reverend Bernard Czernecki.

text: Among the striking coalmines were:

text:
Borynia from Jastrzębie-Zdrój,
Jastrzębie from Jastrzębie-Zdrój,
Moszczenica from Jastrzębie-Zdrój,
ZMP from Żory,
Krupiński from Żory,
XXX-lecia PRL from Pniówek,
1 Maja from Wodzisław Śląski,
Marcel from Wodzisław Śląski,
Morcinek from Kaczyce,
Andaluzja from Piekary Śląskie,
Lenin from Mysłowice.[15]

text: Communist secret services, as well as conformist Solidarity leaders, were completely surprised by the strikes in Upper Silesia. In a report dated August 14, 1988, special agents of Służba Bezpieczeństwa wrote: “According to our sources, opposition leaders are not planning anything”.[16] Later, some of the strikes were broken by the Milicja Obywatelska special, antiriot detachments - at Morcinek coalmine in Kaczyce (August 24), Lenin in Myslowice, and Andaluzja in Piekary. Almost all strikes took place in mines, whose employees were people transferred from other areas of Poland in the 1970s. Mines in “traditional” parts of Upper Silesia did not join the protestors, except for Andaluzja from Piekary Slaskie, and Lenin from Myslowice.

text: On September 2, Lech Wałęsa appeared in the July Manifesto coalmine, the last place that continued the strike. After his appeal, and a long argument, the miners decided to give up. The strike at July Manifesto was the longest one of Communist Poland.[17]

text: Szczecin[edit]

text: On August 17, the Port of Szczecin began to strike. In the following days, other companies from Szczecin stopped working, and the Interfactory Strike Committee was founded. It issued a statement, which consisted of four points, one of which was the demand of legalization of Solidarity. On August 28, the Committee announced that Wałęsa was its sole representative. In response, Wałęsa sent to Szczecin a statement about his meeting with Czesław Kiszczak, during which the future Round Table talks had been discussed. Nevertheless, the strikes in Szczecin did not end until September 3. Wałęsa had informed the public about talks with the regime during the August 21 demonstration in Gdańsk.[15]

text: Stalowa Wola[edit]

text: By far the biggest strike of summer 1988 took place in Stalowa Wola Steelworks, in which around 10,000 workers participated, and the plant was surrounded by militarized police units.[18] The Stalowa Wola strike was so significant, that it was dubbed “the fourth nail in the coffin of Communism”.[19]

text: Since the Steelworks was an arms manufacturer, the factory, which in the 1980s employed around 21,000 people, was under a watchful eye of the security services, and its employees were strictly prohibited from undertaking any kind of oppositional activities. Nevertheless, across the 1980s, it was one of main centers of protests and demonstrations, and in spring of 1988, Stalowa Wola workers started the first strike of that year, which ended after a few days, and which was a prelude of the summer events. On August 22 in the morning, workers of the plant decided to organize a sit-in, with only one demand - legalization of Solidarity.[20] This decision was crucial for further events in Poland, as strikes in Upper Silesia were slowly coming to an end. Led by Wieslaw Wojtas, the strike lasted 11 days. Workers were supported by local priests, and activists of the so-called Supporting Office, who delivered food, medicine, blankets, helped those beaten by government security forces, but also informed Western Europe about situation in Stalowa Wola. Every day, citizens of the town gathered by the Gate 3 to the steelworks, where local parish priest, reverend Edmund Frankowski, celebrated two masses (August 26, and 31), which were attended by up to 10,000 people.[20] Frankowski actively supported the strikers, in the sermons, he urged the faithful to help the workers.

text: The Stalowa Wola strike ended on September 1, after the personal request of Lech Wałęsa, who called Wiesław Wojtas, telling him: “You are great, but please, end the strike, I am asking you in the name of Solidarity”.[21] Following Wałęsa's request, 4,000 workers left the factory on September 1, at 7 p.m. Together with around 15,000 inhabitants of the city, they marched to the Church of Mary, Queen of Poland, where they were greeted by reverend Frankowski, who said: “Illegal priest is welcoming participants of the illegal strike”.[21]

text: Gdańsk[edit]

text: On August 19, a group of young activists began circulating leaflets, urging workers of the Gdańsk Lenin Shipyard to join striking miners from Jastrzębie-Zdrój. According to Alojzy Szablewski, who was leader of plant’s Solidarity, Lech Wałęsa was called, and during a meeting it was decided the strike would begin on Monday, August 22.[22] On that day, at 7 a.m., some 3000 workers put away their tools. Their only demand was short - legalization of Solidarity.

text: Soon afterwards, other main factories of Gdańsk joined the shipyard - Port Polnocny, Stocznia Polnocna, Stocznia Remontowa. Interfactory Strike Committee was founded, led by Jacek Merkel, and workers were supported by a number of personalities, such as Jacek Kuroń, Adam Michnik, Lech Kaczyński, and his twin brother Jarosław Kaczyński. Unlike in August 1980, the 1988 strike was different, as the government lacked power to force the strikers to give up. Furthermore, Gdańsk Lenin Shipyard was visited by a number of guests from abroad, including Boston Mayor Ray Flynn, in whose presence the use of force was not likely. The events in Gdańsk were described by Padraic Kenney as truly Orange Alternative strike. Workers of the Gdańsk Repair Shipyard mocked secret service and police agents, by making a styrofoam tank with the slogan: Leave your arms at the gate, we want dialogue.[23]

text: The strikes in Gdańsk ended on September 1, and on September 3, both sides signed an agreement, according to which the communists promised not to persecute the strikers. The promise was broken, and hundreds of people were fired in the fall of 1988.

text: Outcome[edit]

text: At first, the government tried to threaten the protestors; on August 20, the Committee of National Defence announced preparations for introduction of national state of emergency. However, the determination of the workers made the Communist realize that talks with the officially non-existent trade union were inevitable. On August 31, General Czesław Kiszczak met with Lech Wałęsa. During the conversation, which was witnessed by Archbishop Bronisław Wacław Dąbrowski, Kiszczak appealed for putting an end to strikes, he also promised to take care of legalisation of Solidarity.[24]

text: Even though Solidarity activists in several centers opposed Wałęsa's appeal to end strikes, soon afterwards laborers returned to work. The last strikes, in the Port of Szczecin and the July Manifesto coal mine, lasted until September 3. On December 18, Wałęsa established the Solidarity Citizens' Committee, which opened way for the Polish Round Table Agreement.

text: In 1988, director Andrzej Piekutowski made a documentary film Coal Miners’88, which presents strike in July Manifesto coal mine.[25] Also, Pawel Smolenski and Wojciech Gielzynski wrote a book Workers’88.[26]


document_title: Zatch Bell!

question_text: who became the mamodo king in zatch bell

root

text: Zatch Bell!

text: Plot[edit]

text: One hundred Mamodos go to Earth every 1,000 years to battle to be the king of the Mamodo world. Each Mamodo needs a human partner in order to use his or her spell book, a book that seals the powers of the Mamodo. When read aloud, the spells are cast by the Mamodo producing many effects. If the spell book is burned, the Mamodo is forced to return to the Mamodo world, and they lose all claim to the position of the Mamodo king. While the spells in each book typically are different for each Mamodo, there are Mamodo that share spells, like Zatch Bell and his evil twin brother, Zeno Bell. The human and their Mamodo gain these spells through experience and hard work. The last Mamodo standing without their book burnt is the new Mamodo king.

tag: p

text: The story follows Kiyo Takamine, a 14-year-old boy in junior high school. His father, Seitaro Takamine, discovers an unconscious child named Zatch Bell while in a forest in England, and sends Zatch to live with Kiyo. Unlike the other Mamodo, Zatch lost his memory of the Mamodo world. Kiyo learns about the spell book when he reads a spell causing Zatch to fire lightning from his mouth (the spell is mentioned in the first episode). As Kiyo and Zatch begin to encounter different Mamodos and learn more about the Mamodo battles, they discover that there are those who do not wish to fight and there are those who fight for the wrong reasons. After meeting a Mamodo named Kolulu and seeing how this kind Mamodo was forced to fight due to the power of her spells, Zatch decides to become a kind king in order to stop the battle from ever happening again. As the story progresses, Zatch and Kiyo meet other Mamodos that share similar views to them and become allies. They meet allies such as Megumi Oumi and Tia in which they specialize in defensive spells such as different types of shields. Kiyo and Zatch meet Folgore and Kanchomé (Canchome) who are both comic relief characters and they only have transformation spells such as Kanchomé being able to turn himself really big. Zatch met Kafk Sunbeam and Umagon earlier in England. Umagon is a Mamodo who specializes in transformation spells that can put armor around his body. Shery (Sherie) Belmont and Brago who was originally Zatch and Kiyo's rival in the series later becomes their allies and he has gravity type spells.

text: As the number of Mamodos decreases, Zatch and his allies encounter a Mamodo called Zofis who takes control of several Mamodos who were sealed in stone from the previous battle to decide the king. With Kiyo and Zatch needing more allies, they meet Dr. Riddles and Kido. They helped teach the main allies how to unlock new spells such as Zatch unlocking the sixth spell. Kiyo and Zatch with friends make their way to South America to fight off Zofis and the thousand year Mamodos. Many characters fell and got their book burned. The most notable one was Kido who was sent back to the Mamodo world after fighting Belgium E.O. Ultimately, Sherry and Brago came to help to fight Zofis. Zofis took control of Sherry's friend Koko who Zofis makes her do evil things such as burning a whole town. Sherry and Brago beat Zofis but not without the help of Kiyo and friends. Sherry gets Koko back to normal and the battle in South America is over. After the battle against Zofis, the whole world is put in danger after a giant Mamodo named Faudo is brought to life by a Mamodo named Riou. Riou was looking for Mamodos that have enough strength to help activate Faudo. So he puts a curse on Li-en and Wonrei who Kiyo and Zatch befriend in the middle of the series. The protagonists make their way to Faudo to try to destroy it and to save their friends. The battle in Faudo was the toughest battle for the characters up to that point in the story. Kiyo almost died against Riou, and many of Zatch's friends got sent back to the Mamodo world such as Wonrei. Faudo is then taken over by a Mamodo that looks like Zatch, who turns out to be Zatch's twin brother Zeno Bell. Zatch and Zeno have a big fight inside of Faudo. Through Zeno's flashback, he resented Zatch because their Father King Bell bestowed Zatch the power of Bao, which is Zatch's strongest spell. Zeno at a young age had to train everyday and always got punished while Zatch lived with another family peacefully. Ultimately, Zeno understands Zatch also suffered too and apologizes to what he has done to Zatch. Zeno gets his book burned and is sent back to the Mamodo world.

text: Finally, when the number of Mamodos have decreased to ten, an evil and powerful Mamodo named Clear Note appears. With Clear Note's immense strength the protagonists have to train to fight against Clear Note in the King's Festival. The King's Festival is where the final ten Mamodo have to fight to be king. Most notably before the Zatch and Kiyo fought Clear Note, Kanchome got sent back to the Mamodo world when he was ambushed by Clear Note. With Kancome gone before the big fight it Kiyo, Megumi, and Sunbeam vowed to win against Clear Note for Kanchome and Folgore's sake. Past Mamodos who Kiyo and Zatch have encountered in the past came to help out. They helped out in a form of spells because Kiyo's spell book unlocked all of the Mamodo's spells. Kiyo used Kido's strongest spell, Wonrei's strongest spell, and many more spells from their past allies After many sacrifices, Clear Note is defeated leaving Zatch and his ally Brago as the remaining Mamodos. After Kiyo's graduation ceremony, Zatch and Brago battle and Zatch is crowned the Mamodo King. For the prize for helping Zatch become king. Kiyo had an option of two prizes: either getting a wish and forgetting about Zatch, or get nothing but keep his memories of Zatch. He chooses the latter option. Three weeks later, a letter is sent from the Mamodos to their human partners. Zatch's letter reveals that all is well in the Mamodo world.

text: Production[edit]

text: After Raiku's series in the Shōnen Sunday Super ended, Raiku looked at his old drafts he created in the past for an idea for his next series.[2] One of his ideas was a mercenary who uses a giant sword to defeat enemies. After playing with that idea for three months, Raiku decided to abandon it and go with another idea.[2] His next idea was a story where a middle school student finds an old toy and with the help of a noble knight, combats evil and after taking this up with his agent, he was advised to use a cuter character to fight and thus, Zatch was created.[2] After Raiku worked on the idea for a few months, it was published.[2] Raiku said that he intended to create a "passionate story about a heartwarming friendship" and that he used the concept as a "base" while adding the mamodo, book, and spell concepts. He was inspired by a western magic story that he read to create Zatch's red spell book. The reason Zatch uses lightning spells because his name had the word "Raiku" means "lightning" in Japanese. He mentions he created Folgore with the words "Invincible Italian Man" as a base.[3]

text: While writing volume five and six which takes place in England, Raiku went to England on a research trip.[4]

text: Zatch Bell! ended in December 2007. Shogakukan sent Raiku back his original manga artwork.[5] However, five full color pieces were missing.[6] On May 21, 2008, Raiku announced that he would no longer do business with Shogakukan. During the same year Raiku sued Shogakukan over the lost Zatch Bell!-related artwork.[5] Later that year Raiku settled for 2.55 million yen.[6]

text: The studio in which Makoto Raiku does his series is a unique studio. He has a large collection of autographs from manga artists displayed on the foyer which is the first thing one sees in the building.[7] His studio contains a high ceiling to prevent getting claustrophobic, and he spends all day there for a dead line.[7] Raiku collects figurines and displays them on his wall while he in his studio writing. Raiku does admit that most of his work takes place in a restaurant where he does most of his story boarding.[7] He says there is less distraction since he is just surrounded by people and not games and the internet.[7] Story boarding for a regular chapter of Zatch Bell takes about two days for Raiku to do.[7] When the editor approves of the story board he calls his assistants and they start working.[7] Raiku usually has four assistants but when dead lines are tight he uses a fifth one.[7] Typically, a chapter of Zatch Bell! is released almost every week of the year except for holidays. Such as Golden Week in Japan, and Christmas. Even during those holidays he has to constantly think about the story and have new ideas.

text: Media[edit]

text: Manga[edit]

text: Written and drawn by Makoto Raiku, Konjiki no Gash! premiered in Shogakukan's Weekly Shōnen Sunday magazine in January, 2001. In December 2005, the series was put on hiatus due to the author injuring his hand.[8] The series resumed its serialization on issue No. 11 of Weekly Shōnen Sunday in February 2006.[9][10] The series finished its serialization on December 26, 2008 with 323 installments.[1] The manga spanned a total of 323 individual chapters and 33 tankōbon volumes.[11][12] The series was licensed for an English language release by Viz Media.[13] The first volume of the series was released on August 2, 2005.[14] Viz has discontinued the series, however, having released 25 volumes by June 9, 2009.[15] In March 2011, Makoto Raiku released a one-shot chapter of Zatch Bell to promote the rerelease of the manga in a new bunkouban format.[16]

text: Anime[edit]

text: The episodes of the Zatch Bell! anime series were directed by Tetsuji Nakamura and Yukio Kaizawa and produced by Toei Animation.[17] The episodes were aired on Fuji Television between April 6, 2003 to March 26, 2006 and spanned 150 episodes.[18] Viz Media obtained the foreign television, home video, and merchandising rights to the Zatch Bell! anime from Toei Studio on August 4, 2005.[13] Subsequently, Viz Media contracted Studiopolis to create the English adaptation of the anime. The North American English dub has been edited and localized for young children aged 6 to 10 years in America. Viz Media has licensed its individual Zatch Bell! merchandising rights to several different companies, including a new toy line made by Mattel and a collectible card game released by Bandai in the United States and Japan.[19][19][20][21]

text: The English adaptation of the Zatch Bell! anime premiered on Cartoon Network's Toonami on March 5, 2005 to January 20, 2007 with seventy-seven episodes aired. Canada's YTV began airing Zatch Bell! in September 2005 and ended on December 6, 2008 with episode 104.[22] The series was released in fifty-one DVD compilations by Shogakukan between November 19, 2003 and March 7, 2007 in Japan.[23][24] As of July 2009, Thirteen DVD compilations of the English adaption of the anime have been released by Viz Media between November 8, 2005 and December 4, 2007.[25][26] All the Viz Media home releases of Zatch Bell show only the North American edited English dub episodes and they are rated A for All Ages. New Video released a DVD box set, "Zatch Bell!: The Complete Seasons 1 & 2", on December 3, 2013 that included the first 100 episodes of the North American edited English dub.[27]

text: Every country outside of Japan (even Italy) airs and adapts the show from the North American edited English dub.

text: Films[edit]

text: The series spawned two films. The first film, "Gekijou Ban Konjiki no Gash Bell!! 101 Banme no Mamono" (劇場版 金色のガッシュベル！！ 「１０１番目の魔物」, lit. "Movie Golden Gash Bell!! Unlisted demon #101"), was released in Japanese theaters on August 7, 2004 and released on DVD on December 15, 2004.[28][29] The movie tells the story of a mamodo named Wiseman who steals a mysterious white spell book in order to participate in the Mamodo battles in order to become the Mamodo King. Realizing his evil intentions if he becomes King, Kiyo, Zatch, and their comrades begun their battle against Wiseman.

text: The second film, "Gekijou Ban Konjiki no Gash Bell!! Mecabarukan no raishuu" (劇場版 金色のガッシュベル！！ 「メカバルカンの来襲」, lit. "Movie Golden Gash Bell!! Attack of the Mechavulcan"), was released in Japanese theaters on August 6, 2005 and on DVD on January 2, 2006.[30] The movie tells the story of Dr. M2 who travels from the future mamodo world to the human world with his army of mechanical Vulcan 300 look-alikes.

text: Both films were released exclusively in Japan until March 27, 2018, when Discotek Media brought both movies to Blu-ray in North America. The titles were localized to Zatch Bell!: 101st Devil and Zatch Bell!: Attack of Mechavulcan, and contained the original Japanese audio with English subtitles.[31] Each movie is to also get an individual DVD release on April 24th [32].

text: CDs[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The Konjiki no Gash Bell soundtracks were composed by Kow Otani. The first Original Soundtrack was released in Japan on August 27, 2003 which contained 25 tracks. The second Original Soundtrack was released on January 7, 2004 and also contained 25 tracks. The third and last Original Soundtrack of the anime was released on March 24, 2006 and contained 28 tracks. The first movie Original Soundtrack titled Gekijôban Konjiki no Gash Bell!! 101-banme no mamono Original Sound Track was released on September 26, 2004 and contained 36 tracks. The second movie Original Soundtrack titled Gekijôban Konjiki no Gash Bell!! Mecha-Vulcan Strikes Back Original Sound Track was released on August 3, 2006 and contained 27 tracks. Konjiki no Gash Bell-Collection of Golden Songs was released on March 24, 2004. It contained the most popular character songs from the first season of the anime. Collection of Golden Songs 2 was released on February 23, 2005 which contained character songs from the second season of the anime. Collection of Golden Songs 3 was released on February 22, 2006 and contained character songs from the third season of the anime. Other CDs including character singles, character song series and character song duet series were released during the period the anime ran.

text: Video games[edit]

text: Reception[edit]

text: In 2003, the manga won the Shogakukan Manga Award for best shōnen title of the year.[33] The Konjiki no Gash Bell!! anime ranked twentieth in animage's anime popularity poll in 2005.[34] The anime ranked 64th of the Top 100 anime in 2005 according to a web poll conducted by TV Asahi.[35]

text: Mania.com's Jarred Pine's review of the first volume said that the art style was odd yet crude. He also mentioned the art style and explosive action scenes with moments of humor save the series from being recycled material.[36] Anime News Network's Zac Bertschy review of the anime adaption described it as "...mind-numbingly over-the-top, so enthusiastically bizarre, that it's difficult to not get sucked into its strange little world" but criticized how it was like a "battle your way to the top while learning important lessons about teamwork and courage" anime. He commented how the "sheer exuberance and energy" saves the show from being a bland anime and how it would be the perfect show for kids.[37] IGN's review of the series was mostly negative. IGN's Jason Van Horn criticized the animation, plot, and dubbed voice acting.[38] IGN's JKB stated the books are more interesting than the animation.[39]

text: Common Sense Media describes the story as "isn't just about violence".[40] They also say that there is always challenges, adversities, and questions of identity that the characters face especially Zatch and Kiyo.[40] They compliment how the characters often think aloud when talking about their painful experiences or flashbacks.[40] They applaud on how each of the characters problems in the series are not far off on what kids deal with today.[40] They criticized how the battles uses visuals, languages, sound effects, and dramatic effects that often get drawn out and sometimes even hard to watch.[40] Overall, they said with the graphic violence and the internal struggles that the different characters face throughout the series.[40] Some parents may not find Zatch Bell! appropriate for their children under ten years old.


document_title: List of A Different World characters

question_text: who did jaleesa marry on a different world

text: List of A Different World characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Denise Huxtable[edit]

text:
Portrayer
Seasons
No. of
episodes

Lisa Bonet
1
23

text: A native of Brooklyn; Denise Huxtable is the daughter of Hillman alumni Cliff and Clair. She enrolled in Hillman and was roommates with Maggie Lauten and Jaleesa Vinson during her sophomore year. Denise was a poor student who often procrastinated and struggled to manage her time and money. She disliked Whitley Gilbert and endured Dwayne Wayne's crush on her. She left Hillman at the end of her sophomore year to travel to Africa. There, she met and married Lt. Martin Kendall of the U.S. Navy and became the stepmother of Olivia Kendall. She only reappears once in season 3 to give Dwayne closure on his crush.

text: Note: Denise originated as a regular character on The Cosby Show, on which she was featured on a regular basis during seasons 1–3 and 6–7, and on a recurring basis during seasons 4 and 5. She left "A Different World" after season 1.[1]

text: Dwayne Wayne[edit]

text: It has been suggested that this section be split out into another article titled Dwayne Cleofis Wayne. (Discuss) (October 2017)

text:
Portrayer
Seasons
No. of
episodes

Kadeem Hardison
All 6
136

text: Dwayne Cleofis Wayne is a mathematics major at Hillman. A native of Brooklyn, he achieved a perfect score on the math portion of the SAT. He is best known for his flip up eyeglasses/shades and making unsuccessful advances on numerous women throughout his freshman year. He had a crush on Denise and unsuccessfully ran for the title of "Miss Hillman" at her urging to highlight the sexism of the pageant. His best friend/roommate is Ronald Johnson. He dated Suzanne Taylor although the two broke up because she was not ready to get serious. Although he dated several women across the series, he was most involved in an on-again-off-again relationship with Whitley Gilbert across the series. After working at a summer internship in Japan, he began a relationship with Kinu Owens. However, he broke up with her once he realized he was still in love with Whitley. He graduated from Hillman as valedictorian of Class of 1991 and engaged to Whitley. He became a mathematics professor at Hillman but his engagement with Whitley was broken off when he almost cheated on her. However, during her relationship with Byron Douglas III, the two slept together and he interrupted Whitley and Byron's wedding ceremony to declare his love for her. Whitley left Byron at the altar for Dwayne and the two quickly married. They honeymooned in Los Angeles, which coincided with the 1992 riots following the verdict in the Rodney King trial. At the end of the series, Whitley became pregnant with their first child and he designed a new video game for Kinishewa with Ron. The couple decided to move to Japan for his work. In a reunion special, it was revealed that while at Kinishewa, Dwayne invented the flip cell phone, inspired by his flip glasses. Dwayne would've been in an interracial relationship with Maggie Lauren if actress Marisa Tomei didn't leave the show after season one.

text: Whitley Gilbert-Wayne[edit]

text: It has been suggested that this section be split out into another article titled Whitley Gilbert. (Discuss) (August 2017)

text:
Portrayer
Seasons
No. of
episodes

Jasmine Guy
All 6
144

text: Whitley Gilbert-Wayne is Art History and French major at Hillman.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] A native of Richmond (Virginia), she is daughter of Hillman alumni Mercer and Marion Gilbert. She began the series with a snobbish, prissy attitude and disliked by many of the characters although following Denise's departure after season 1, the show was retooled to feature her in the lead.[10] As a consequence, Whitley's character was mellowed out and she was paired romantically with Dwayne, with whom she had an on again-off again relationship. Whitley originally went to college to land a husband although she quickly realized she enjoyed art history and stayed at Hillman for a fifth year to take business courses. After graduation, she was engaged to Dwayne and had a part-time job at E.H. Wright Industries as an assistant art buyer and as a dorm director at Hillman. After learning that Dwayne went on a date with another woman, Whitley broke off their engagement although the two reunited when Whitley cheated on her fiance Byron Douglas III with Dwayne. Still, she was ready to marry Byron until Dwayne interrupted her wedding and declared his love for her. The two eloped and spent their honeymoon in Los Angeles, which coincided with the 1992 riots following the verdict in the Rodney King trial. After being laid off at E.H. Wright Industries, Whitley was employed in a series of odd jobs. At the end of the series, she moves with Dwayne to Japan and is pregnant with the couple's first child.

text: Supporting characters[edit]

text:
Character
Actor
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6

Maggie Lauten
Marisa Tomei
Main

Jaleesa Vinson-Taylor
Dawnn Lewis
Main

Stevie Rallen
Loretta Devine
Main

Ronald "Ron" Martin Johnson
Darryl M. Bell
Recurring
Main

Coach Walter Oakes
Sinbad
Recurring
Main

Leticia "Lettie" Bostic
Mary Alice
Main

Kimberly Reese
Charnele Brown

Main

Winifred "Freddie" Brooks
Cree Summer

Main

Colonel Bradford Taylor
Glynn Turman

Main

Vernon Gaines
Lou Myers

Recurring
Main

Gina Deveaux
Ajai Sanders

Recurring
Main

Lena James
Jada Pinkett

Recurring
Main

Charmaine Tyesha Brown
Karen Malina White

Main

text: Maggie Lauten (Marisa Tomei): A "military brat" and journalism major, she is one of the few white students at predominantly African American Hillman. She transferred to Hillman at the start of the sophomore year and was roommates with Denise Huxtable and Jaleesa Vinson. Maggie was a sweet-natured, although occasionally ditzy, girl. If Maggie would have stayed on the show after season one, Debbie Allen (the show's producer from seasons 2-6) would have given her a black boyfriend and there would have been an episode where Dwayne brings her home for Thanksgiving dinner and Dwayne's parents disapproves of his interracial relationship. Due to Marisa Tomei leaving the show after the first season, the story never happened.

text: Jaleesa Vinson-Taylor (Dawnn Lewis): native of Camden (New Jersey), sister of Danielle and Yvonne Vinson, ex-wife of Lamar Collins, enrolled at Hillman at age 25, a business management major, roommate of Denise and Maggie during sophomore year, worked part-time at the Hillman library, assistant dorm director of Gilbert Hall, vacationed in Greece with Maggie during the summer of 1988, roommate of Freddie during junior and senior years, worked a summer installing cable television, entered into serious relationship with Walter, co-dorm director of Gilbert Hall, engaged to Walter, couple halts wedding at the altar and mutually separates, graduated (Class of 1990), accepted an entry-level corporate position, off-campus roommate of Whitley, married Colonel Bradford Taylor (in a surprise elopement), stepmother of Suzanne and Terrence, started a temporary employment agency, gave birth to daughter Imani, disappeared after season five.

text: Stevie Rallen (Loretta Devine): mother of J.T., graduate student dorm director of Gilbert Hall, replaced by Lettie Bostic

text: Ronald Marlon Johnson, Jr. (Darryl M. Bell): native of Detroit (Michigan), son of Ron Johnson Sr. and brother of Rachel Johnson, roommate and best friend of Dwayne, involved in serious relationship with Millie, member of the ROTC pledged Kappa Lambda Nu Fraternity and successfully "crossed over", dated numerous women during most of his college career, worked summers as a salesman for his father's automobile dealership, falsely implied that Dwayne's campaign for student body president was endorsed by former presidential candidate Jesse Jackson, member of the Hillman ROTC, managed/performed in the band X-Pression, graduated after nine semesters (January 1992), victim of a bias incident at Virginia A&M University (on the weekend of Martin Luther King, Jr. Day 1992), band breaks up, employed as spokesman for a phone sex hotline, employed as a car salesman (independent of his father), unemployed, criticized Kimberly's interracial relationship with Matthew (but later admitted he was jealous), entered into serious relationship with Kimberly (after pursuing her for months), antagonist of Shazza, cheated on Kimberly with Freddie (while Freddie was involved with Shazza), broke up with Kimberly, entered into serious relationship with Freddie, manager and co-owner of "The Place Where The Blues Will Be Played" with Mr. Gaines, provided the concept which inspired Dwayne's new video game for Kinishewa, chosen to be godfather of Dwayne and Whitley's unborn child.

text: Walter Oakes (Sinbad): graduate student, football/baseball/basketball/track coach, dorm director of all-male residence hall, involved in serious relationship with Jaleesa, co-dorm director of Gilbert Hall, engaged to Jaleesa, couple halts wedding at the altar and mutually separates, moves to Philadelphia to manage community center.

text: Leticia "Lettie" Bostic (Mary Alice): enrolled in Hillman, dropped out of Hillman a few credits short of her degree, moved to Paris, met Pablo Picasso, spied for the Allies during World War II, rejected marriage proposal from South African freedom fighter Marcus Mpepo, replaced Stevie as dorm director of Gilbert Hall decades later in 1988, chastises Kimberly for engaging in unprotected sex, disappeared after season two.

text: Winifred "Freddie" Brooks (Cree Summer):[11] native of New Mexico, daughter of Joni Brooks, cousin of Matthew, roommate of Jaleesa during freshman and sophomore years, has unrequited feelings for Dwayne, was a student activist throughout her undergraduate career, dated Garth Parks (who almost rapes her), dated Ernest Bennett, roommate of Kimberly during junior and senior years, lost her virginity in a one-time sexual encounter with Ron, entered into serious relationship with Shazza Zulu, graduated (Class of 1992), enrolled in Hillman Law School, co-dorm director of Height Hall, cheated on Shazza with Ron (while Ron was involved with Kimberly), broke up with Shazza on Thanksgiving Day 1992, entered into serious relationship with Ron, earned law review membership and completed first year of law school.

text: Kimberly Reese (Charnele Brown):[12] native of Columbus (Ohio), daughter of Clinton Reese, roommate (and best friend) of Whitley during freshman and sophomore years, a biology major, employed by Mr. Gaines at The Pit part-time throughout her undergraduate career, involved in serious relationship with Robert (had a pregnancy "false alarm"), rejected a much-needed scholarship because of the sponsoring corporation's investments in apartheid-controlled South Africa, employed at funeral home part-time, roommate of Freddie during junior and senior years, involved in serious relationship with Matthew, pledged Alpha Delta Rho Sorority and successfully "crossed over", performed in the band X-Pression, graduated (Class of 1992), entered into serious relationship with Ron (after being pursued for months), enrolled in Hillman Medical School, co-dorm director of Height Hall, broke up with Ron, entered into serious relationship with fellow medical student Spencer Boyer, completed first year of medical school, engaged to Spencer (after turning down numerous proposals from him).

text: Colonel Bradford Taylor (Glynn Turman): served in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam War, retired with the rank of colonel, ex-husband of Johanna, father of Suzanne and Terrence, professor of mathematics at Hillman (nicknamed "Dr. War" because of his reputation as a demanding professor), commander of the Hillman ROTC, became Dwayne's primary mentor, was distraught when his former student Zelmer Collier was deployed to the Persian Gulf just before the start of Operation Desert Storm, rejected membership in an all-white country club after being criticized by Terrence, married Jalessa Vinson (in a surprise elopement), brother-in-law of Danielle Vinson, became a father for the third time when Jaleesa gave birth to daughter Imani.

text: Vernon Gaines (Lou Myers): met Lena Horne during World War II; husband of Velma and father of Darnell; uncle of Faith, Hope, Charity and Henrietta; owner and manager of The Pit; employer of Byron Douglas III; employer and father figure of Kimberly; co-owner of apartment building with Velma; frequent critic of his ne'er-do-well son; temporary employer of Whitley; employer of both Lena and Charmaine; co-owner of "The Place Where The Blues Will Be Played" with Ron; reunited with Lena Horne in 1993.

text: Gina Deveaux (Ajai Sanders): family emigrated to the U.S. from Martinique, pledged Alpha Delta Rho Sorority and successfully "crossed over", dated Dion (who physically abused her), pressed charges against Dion and broke up with him, roommate of Lena and Charmaine at the start of junior year, involved in incident that led Charmaine to falsely accuse Terrell of sexual harassment, placed on academic probation, moved off-campus into house (with Lena, Charmaine, Terrell and Dorian), rejected Dion again after he violated probation and contacted her, completed junior year and still enrolled at Hillman.

text: Lena James (Jada Pinkett): native of Baltimore (Maryland), daughter of Grover James, originally an engineering major but later journalism major, named after singer Lena Horne, ended high school relationship with Piccolo, employed by Mr. Gaines at The Pit part-time, developed a brief crush on Dwayne, roommate of Gina and Charmaine at the start of sophomore year, entered into serious (yet celibate) relationship with Dorian, rejected Piccolo's attempt to reconcile, moved off-campus into house (with Gina, Charmaine, Terrell and Dorian), completed sophomore year and still enrolled at Hillman.

text: Charmaine Brown (Karen Malina White): native of Brooklyn (New York), best friend of Claire Huxtable's distant cousin Pam Tucker, began dating Lance Rodman in high school, visited Hillman with Lance during her senior year of high school, roommate of Gina and Lena at the start of her freshman year at Hillman, amazed and annoyed others with her rapid pattern of speech, employed by Mr. Gaines at The Pit part-time, mistakenly accused Terrell of sexual harassment, relationship with Lance ended when he broke up with her by telephone, failed French midterm after she and Terrell were caught cheating, harassed by local residents (along with Terrell), moved off-campus into house (with Gina, Lena, Terrell and Dorian), completed freshman year and still enrolled at Hillman. [Note: Charmaine originated as a recurring character on The Cosby Show. She was featured during seasons 7 and 8 of that series.]

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text:
Millicent ("Millie") (Marie-Alise Recasner): Whitley's confidante and only friend for much of season one, involved in serious relationship with Ron, disappeared after season one (last name unrevealed).
Barnabus Foster (Roscoe Lee Browne): Hillman alumnus and friend of Cliff and Clair Huxtable, professor of English at Hillman (originated as a recurring character on The Cosby Show).
Clair Huxtable (Phylicia Rashād): active Hillman alumna, wife of Cliff, daughter-in-law of Russell, mother of Denise, partner in New York law firm, mother-in-law of Martin Kendall (originated as a leading character on The Cosby Show).
Dean Hughes (Rosalind Cash): Hillman dean of students during seasons two through four (character originated on The Cosby Show)
Marion Gilbert (Diahann Carroll): wealthy socialite and Hillman alumna, crowned Miss Hillman as an undergraduate, mother of Whitley and ex-wife of Mercer, aunt of Liza and Courtney, antagonist of Adele Wayne, mother-in-law of Dwayne. She also sits on the Hillman College's board of trustees.
Julian Day (Dominic Hoffman): exchange student from Georgetown University, entered into serious relationship with Whitley, broke up with Whitley, engaged to marry another woman (Shelby), plans to move to Paris.
Adele Wayne (Patti LaBelle): homemaker, wife of Woodson and mother of Dwayne, antagonist of Marion Gilbert, mother-in-law of Whitley
Ernest Bennett (Rueben Grundy): briefly dated Freddie Brooks.
Mbubunni (Ron Mokwena): international student from apartheid-controlled South Africa, disappeared after season four.
Velma Gaines (Bebe Drake, Ann Weldon): homemaker; wife of Vernon and mother of Darnell; aunt by marriage of Faith, Hope, Charity and Henrietta; co-owner of apartment building with Vernon; frequent apologist for her ne'er-do-well son
Terrence Taylor (Cory Tyler): "military brat", son of Bradford and Johanna Taylor, brother of Suzanne, criticized his father's decision to join an all-white country club, converted to Islam, unsuccessfully attempted to romance Freddie, decided to major in dance (to the initial dismay of his father), pledged Kappa Lambda Nu Fraternity and successfully "crossed over", stepson of Jaleesa, half-brother of Bradford and Jaleesa's baby daughter Imani, disappeared after season five
Kinu Owens (Alisa Gyse Dickens): student at Avery College, worked as summer intern with Kinishewa, entered into serious relationship with Dwayne, broke up with Dwayne because of his lingering feelings for Whitley, graduated, married to another man, employed as an executive with Kinishewa in Tokyo
Matthew (Andrew Lowery):[13] cousin of Freddie, visiting student from Avery College, briefly involved in serious relationship with Kimberly
Shazza Zulu (Gary Dourdan): born Sylvester Simon, matriculated at Hillman for at least six years, changed his name to Shazza Zulu, converted a failing term paper into a book criticizing other African-American men, publicly criticized Kimberly's interracial relationship with Matthew, heavily involved in community activism, entered into serious relationship with Freddie, antagonist of Ron, broke up with Freddie on Thanksgiving Day 1992 (after she cheated on him with Ron), unsuccessfully attempted to renew his relationship with Freddie just prior to Christmas 1992
Byron Douglas III (Joe Morton): son of Byron Douglas II and Imogene Douglas, brother of Troy, enrolled at Hillman, employed by Mr. Gaines at The Pit part-time, graduated, owner of restaurant chain years later, announced candidacy for the Virginia state senate, entered into serious relationship with Whitley, forgives Whitley after she cheats on him with Dwayne, elected to the Virginia state senate, engaged to Whitley, rejected during the wedding ceremony by Whitley (who married Dwayne immediately thereafter)
Terrell Walker (Patrick Y. Malone): native of Brooklyn (New York), achieved a combined score of 1500 (out of 1600) on the SAT, roommate of Dorian at the start of freshman year, falsely accused of sexual harassment by Charmaine, failed French midterm after he and Charmaine were caught cheating, harassed by local residents (along with Charmaine), almost expelled for carrying a gun on campus, moved off-campus into house (with Gina, Lena, Charmaine, and Dorian), completed freshman year and still enrolled at Hillman
Dorian Heywood (Bumper Robinson): born-again Christian, star player on the Hillman basketball team, roommate of Terrell at the start of freshman year, entered into serious (yet celibate) relationship with Lena, uncharacteristically entered into physical altercation with Piccolo over Lena, moved off-campus into house (with Gina, Lena, Charmaine, and Terrell), completed freshman year and still enrolled at Hillman
Spencer Boyer (Michael Ralph): emigrated to the U.S. from Jamaica, enrolled at Hillman Medical School, entered into serious relationship with Kimberly, completed first year of medical school, engaged to Kimberly (after numerous proposals from him were turned down)
Dorothy Dandridge Davenport (Jenifer Lewis): Hillman dean of students during season six. Known for placing unruly students "on her list!"

tag: ul


document_title: List of Monday Night Football results (2010–present)

question_text: when was the last time the buffalo bills played on monday night football

text: Stadiums appearing under different names[edit]

text: Some stadiums and teams had multiple names throughout their appearances in the MNF package in this era. All names listed were seen in the package at least once in this era.

text: First name listed is the current (or final if it does not exist anymore) name for each team and stadium.

text:
MetLife Stadium - New Meadowlands Stadium
AT&T Stadium - Cowboys Stadium
Levi's Stadium - Santa Clara Stadium
U.S. Bank Stadium - New Vikings Stadium
Mercedes-Benz Stadium - New Atlanta Stadium
Nissan Stadium - LP Field

text: Team(s) under new names:

text:
Los Angeles Rams - St. Louis Rams
Los Angeles Chargers – San Diego Chargers

text: 2010 NFL season[edit]

text: The 59 points scored by the Eagles on November 15 are the most ever by one team on Monday Night Football.

text: The Monday night game between the Chicago Bears and Minnesota Vikings was played at TCF Bank Stadium due to the roof failure at the Metrodome eight days earlier. That week's scheduled game vs the New York Giants was played at Ford Field in Detroit with a start time of 7 PM eastern and broadcast locally on Fox as to not interfere with the regularly scheduled game between Houston and Baltimore on ESPN.

text: The latter half of the season opening doubleheader featured the first game to not be hosted by a team in the Pacific time Zone with Kansas City hosting San Diego.

text:
Day
Date
Visiting Team
Final Score
Host Team
Stadium

Monday
September 13
Baltimore Ravens
10–9
New York Jets
New Meadowlands Stadium

Monday
September 13
San Diego Chargers
14–21
Kansas City Chiefs
Arrowhead Stadium

Monday
September 20
New Orleans Saints
25–22
San Francisco 49ers
Candlestick Park

Monday
September 27
Green Bay Packers
17–20
Chicago Bears
Soldier Field

Monday
October 4
New England Patriots
41–14
Miami Dolphins
Sun Life Stadium

Monday
October 11
Minnesota Vikings
20–29
New York Jets
New Meadowlands Stadium

Monday
October 18
Tennessee Titans
30–3
Jacksonville Jaguars
EverBank Field

Monday
October 25
New York Giants
41–35
Dallas Cowboys
Cowboys Stadium

Monday
November 1
Houston Texans
17–30
Indianapolis Colts
Lucas Oil Stadium

Monday
November 8
Pittsburgh Steelers
27–21
Cincinnati Bengals
Paul Brown Stadium

Monday
November 15
Philadelphia Eagles
59–28
Washington Redskins
FedExField

Monday
November 22
Denver Broncos
14–35
San Diego Chargers
Qualcomm Stadium

Monday
November 29
San Francisco 49ers
27–6
Arizona Cardinals
University of Phoenix Stadium

Monday
December 6
New York Jets
3–45
New England Patriots
Gillette Stadium

Monday
December 13
Baltimore Ravens
34–28
Houston Texans
Reliant Stadium

Monday
December 20
Chicago Bears
40–14
Minnesota Vikings
TCF Bank Stadium

Monday
December 27
New Orleans Saints
17–14
Atlanta Falcons
Georgia Dome

text: 2011 NFL season[edit]

text: Late in the Patriots-Dolphins season opener, Ron Jaworski inadvertently uttered a profanity, for which he would apologize later in the broadcast; whether or not it was related, it would eventually be Jaworski's final season in the MNF booth.

text: The September 26 game between the Dallas Cowboys and Washington Redskins was the final appearance of Hank Williams, Jr.'s intro song "All My Rowdy Friends are Back for Monday Night (Are You Ready For Some Football)", as he would get fired from ESPN during Week 4 for comments about Adolf Hitler.

text: The December 19 game between the Pittsburgh Steelers and San Francisco 49ers was delayed twice due to power outages, one taking place before the kickoff and another during the 2nd quarter; during which the 49ers led 6–0.

text:
Day
Date
Visiting Team
Final Score
Host Team
Stadium

Monday
September 12
New England Patriots
38–24
Miami Dolphins
Sun Life Stadium

Monday
September 12
Oakland Raiders
23–20
Denver Broncos
Sports Authority Field at Mile High

Monday
September 19
St. Louis Rams
16–28
New York Giants
MetLife Stadium

Monday
September 26
Washington Redskins
16–18
Dallas Cowboys
Cowboys Stadium

Monday
October 3
Indianapolis Colts
17–24
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Raymond James Stadium

Monday
October 10
Chicago Bears
13–24
Detroit Lions
Ford Field

Monday
October 17
Miami Dolphins
6–24
New York Jets
MetLife Stadium

Monday
October 24
Baltimore Ravens
7–12
Jacksonville Jaguars
EverBank Field

Monday
October 31
San Diego Chargers
20–23
Kansas City Chiefs
Arrowhead Stadium

Monday
November 7
Chicago Bears
30–24
Philadelphia Eagles
Lincoln Financial Field

Monday
November 14
Minnesota Vikings
7–45
Green Bay Packers
Lambeau Field

Monday
November 21
Kansas City Chiefs
3–34
New England Patriots
Gillette Stadium

Monday
November 28
New York Giants
24–49
New Orleans Saints
Mercedes-Benz Superdome

Monday
December 5
San Diego Chargers
38–14
Jacksonville Jaguars
EverBank Field

Monday
December 12
St. Louis Rams
13–30
Seattle Seahawks
CenturyLink Field

Monday
December 19
Pittsburgh Steelers
3–20
San Francisco 49ers
Candlestick Park

Monday
December 26
Atlanta Falcons
16–45
New Orleans Saints
Mercedes-Benz Superdome

text: 2012 NFL season[edit]

text: The NFL locked out its officials in June. As a result, the first three weeks of the season were played with replacement officials. The lack of regular officials came to a head in the Week 3 Monday night game between Green Bay and Seattle. The game was a defensive affair as Packers led 12-7 in the closing moments of the game. On the final play Seattle quarterback Russell Wilson threw a Hail Mary pass toward the end zone. Seattle receiver Golden Tate and Packers defender M. D. Jennings each grabbed hold of the ball. In the process, one official signaled touchdown while another signaled touchback. Simultaneous possession was the final ruling which gave Seattle the touchdown and the win. However, the nearby officials missed Tate pushing Cornerback Sam Shields with both hands and causing a pass interference penalty in the process. The game's aftermath included major discussion and focus on the play forcing the NFL to reach a settlement with the regular officials. The loss also hurt the Packers in the playoff race as the team finished 11-5 behind the 11-4-1 San Francisco 49ers The loss mattered as Green Bay had to travel to San Francisco in the Divisional Round of the playoffs. A win would have assured a 1st round bye for Green Bay.

text: Controversy also hit MNF later in the season as the San Diego Chargers were accused of using a banned substance during their October 15 game with the Denver Broncos. It was later revealed to be Gorilla Glue a legal substance later banned by the NFL.

text:
Day
Date
Visiting Team
Final Score
Host Team
Stadium

Monday
September 10
Cincinnati Bengals
13–44
Baltimore Ravens
M&T Bank Stadium

Monday
September 10
San Diego Chargers
22–14
Oakland Raiders
O.co Coliseum

Monday
September 17
Denver Broncos
21–27
Atlanta Falcons
Georgia Dome

Monday
September 24
Green Bay Packers
12–14
Seattle Seahawks
CenturyLink Field

Monday
October 1
Chicago Bears
34–18
Dallas Cowboys
Cowboys Stadium

Monday
October 8
Houston Texans
23–17
New York Jets
MetLife Stadium

Monday
October 15
Denver Broncos
35–24
San Diego Chargers
Qualcomm Stadium

Monday
October 22
Detroit Lions
7–13
Chicago Bears
Soldier Field

Monday
October 29
San Francisco 49ers
24–3
Arizona Cardinals
University of Phoenix Stadium

Monday
November 5
Philadelphia Eagles
13–28
New Orleans Saints
Mercedes-Benz Superdome

Monday
November 12
Kansas City Chiefs
13–16
Pittsburgh Steelers
Heinz Field

Monday
November 19
Chicago Bears
7–32
San Francisco 49ers
Candlestick Park

Monday
November 26
Carolina Panthers
30–22
Philadelphia Eagles
Lincoln Financial Field

Monday
December 3
New York Giants
16–17
Washington Redskins
FedExField

Monday
December 10
Houston Texans
14–42
New England Patriots
Gillette Stadium

Monday
December 17
New York Jets
10–14
Tennessee Titans
LP Field

Saturday
December 22
Atlanta Falcons
31–18
Detroit Lions
Ford Field

text: 2013 NFL season[edit]

text: The October 21 game between the Minnesota Vikings and New York Giants was notable because it featured Quarterback Josh Freeman scoring a 40.6 passer rating in the game. He was 20 for 53 passing with 190 yards and the only Vikings score came on a 1st quarter punt return touchdown. In contrast, Eli Manning had a good day for the Giants with a touchdown pass to cap a long 2nd quarter drive.

text: ESPN employee and former Chicago Bears Tight End and head Coach Mike Ditka had his number retired at halftime of the December 9 game vs the Dallas Cowboys. Though the game was a blowout in favor of Chicago, it is more notable for its temperature which was 8 °F and featured a -12 degree wind chill.

text: The December 2 game between the New Orleans Saints and Seattle Seahawks in Seattle was a much hyped game because of the high powered Saints offense led by quarterback Drew Brees was taking the ferocious defense of the Seahawks with the Legion of Boom. The game, however was a dud with the Seahawks winning 34-7.

text: The December 23 game between the Atlanta Falcons and the San Francisco 49ers was the last game ever at Candlestick Park.

text:
Day
Date
Visiting Team
Final Score
Host Team
Stadium

Monday
September 9
Philadelphia Eagles
33–27
Washington Redskins
Fedex Field

Monday
September 9
Houston Texans
31–28
San Diego Chargers
Qualcomm Stadium

Monday
September 16
Pittsburgh Steelers
10–20
Cincinnati Bengals
Paul Brown Stadium

Monday
September 23
Oakland Raiders
21–37
Denver Broncos
Sports Authority Field at Mile High

Monday
September 30
Miami Dolphins
17–38
New Orleans Saints
Mercedes-Benz Superdome

Monday
October 7
New York Jets
30–28
Atlanta Falcons
Georgia Dome

Monday
October 14
Indianapolis Colts
9–19
San Diego Chargers
Qualcomm Stadium

Monday
October 21
Minnesota Vikings
7–23
New York Giants
MetLife Stadium

Monday
October 28
Seattle Seahawks
14–9
St. Louis Rams
Edward Jones Dome

Monday
November 4
Chicago Bears
27–20
Green Bay Packers
Lambeau Field

Monday
November 11
Miami Dolphins
19–22
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Raymond James Stadium

Monday
November 18
New England Patriots
20–24
Carolina Panthers
Bank of America Stadium

Monday
November 25
San Francisco 49ers
27–6
Washington Redskins
Fedex Field

Monday
December 2
New Orleans Saints
7–34
Seattle Seahawks
CenturyLink Field

Monday
December 9
Dallas Cowboys
28–45
Chicago Bears
Soldier Field

Monday
December 16
Baltimore Ravens
18–16
Detroit Lions
Ford Field

Monday
December 23
Atlanta Falcons
24–34
San Francisco 49ers
Candlestick Park

text: 2014 NFL season[edit]

text: Starting in 2014, the NFL awarded ESPN broadcasting rights to an NFL Wild Card Playoff game. ESPN also obtained rights to the NFL Pro Bowl through the next eight years.

text: With their September 15 win over Indianapolis, the Philadelphia Eagles become the first team to start a season 2-0 after trailing 14-0 at halftime of their first two games. In the following week, Philadelphia would become the first team to start 3-0 after trailing 10 plus points in all three games.

text: The 700th game in Monday Night Football history featured the San Francisco 49ers beating the St. Louis Rams in Week 6.

text: Due to a winter storm in Buffalo that blocked access to Ralph Wilson Stadium, a game between the New York Jets and the Buffalo Bills that was originally scheduled for November 23 was postponed to Monday night and was moved to Ford Field in Detroit. That game was broadcast locally on CBS affiliates in the New York City and Buffalo television markets. ESPN aired the regularly-scheduled game between the Baltimore Ravens and the New Orleans Saints.

text:
Day
Date
Visiting Team
Final Score
Host Team
Stadium

Monday
September 8
New York Giants
14–35
Detroit Lions
Ford Field

Monday
September 8
San Diego Chargers
17–18
Arizona Cardinals
University of Phoenix Stadium

Monday
September 15
Philadelphia Eagles
30–27
Indianapolis Colts
Lucas Oil Stadium

Monday
September 22
Chicago Bears
27–19
New York Jets
MetLife Stadium

Monday
September 29
New England Patriots
14–41
Kansas City Chiefs
Arrowhead Stadium

Monday
October 6
Seattle Seahawks
27–17
Washington Redskins
FedExField

Monday
October 13
San Francisco 49ers
31–17
St. Louis Rams
Edward Jones Dome

Monday
October 20
Houston Texans
23–30
Pittsburgh Steelers
Heinz Field

Monday
October 27
Washington Redskins
20–17
Dallas Cowboys
AT&T Stadium

Monday
November 3
Indianapolis Colts
40–24
New York Giants
MetLife Stadium

Monday
November 10
Carolina Panthers
21–45
Philadelphia Eagles
Lincoln Financial Field

Monday
November 17
Pittsburgh Steelers
27–24
Tennessee Titans
LP Field

Monday
November 24
Baltimore Ravens
34–27
New Orleans Saints
Mercedes-Benz Superdome

Monday
December 1
Miami Dolphins
16–13
New York Jets
MetLife Stadium

Monday
December 8
Atlanta Falcons
37–43
Green Bay Packers
Lambeau Field

Monday
December 15
New Orleans Saints
31–15
Chicago Bears
Soldier Field

Monday
December 22
Denver Broncos
28–37
Cincinnati Bengals
Paul Brown Stadium

Saturday
January 3
Arizona Cardinals
16–27
Carolina Panthers
Bank of America Stadium

text: 2015 NFL season[edit]

text: This was the 10th season of Monday Night Football on ESPN. Also, the NFL Wild Card Playoff game on ESPN was simulcast on ABC, making it the first NFL game to be broadcast by ABC since Super Bowl XL in 2006.

text:
Day
Date
Visiting Team
Final Score
Host Team
Stadium

Monday
September 14
Philadelphia Eagles
24–26
Atlanta Falcons
Georgia Dome

Monday
September 14
Minnesota Vikings
3–20
San Francisco 49ers
Levi's Stadium

Monday
September 21
New York Jets
20–7
Indianapolis Colts
Lucas Oil Stadium

Monday
September 28
Kansas City Chiefs
28–38
Green Bay Packers
Lambeau Field

Monday
October 5
Detroit Lions
10–13
Seattle Seahawks
CenturyLink Field

Monday
October 12
Pittsburgh Steelers
24–20
San Diego Chargers
Qualcomm Stadium

Monday
October 19
New York Giants
7–27
Philadelphia Eagles
Lincoln Financial Field

Monday
October 26
Baltimore Ravens
18–26
Arizona Cardinals
University of Phoenix Stadium

Monday
November 2
Indianapolis Colts
26–29
Carolina Panthers
Bank of America Stadium

Monday
November 9
Chicago Bears
22–19
San Diego Chargers
Qualcomm Stadium

Monday
November 16
Houston Texans
10–6
Cincinnati Bengals
Paul Brown Stadium

Monday
November 23
Buffalo Bills
13–20
New England Patriots
Gillette Stadium

Monday
November 30
Baltimore Ravens
33–27
Cleveland Browns
FirstEnergy Stadium

Monday
December 7
Dallas Cowboys
19–16
Washington Redskins
FedExField

Monday
December 14
New York Giants
31–24
Miami Dolphins
Sun Life Stadium

Monday
December 21
Detroit Lions
35–27
New Orleans Saints
Mercedes-Benz Superdome

Monday
December 28
Cincinnati Bengals
17–20
Denver Broncos
Sports Authority Field at Mile High

Saturday
January 9
Kansas City Chiefs
30–0
Houston Texans
NRG Stadium

text: 2016 NFL season[edit]

text: The Texans-Raiders game is to be played at Estadio Azteca in Mexico City as part of the NFL International Series, the first game in Mexico City since the first ever International Series game in 2006. This is also the first time Monday Night Football will feature a game outside the United States. The Wild Card Playoff game will be simulcasted again on ABC, just like the previous year.

text:
Day
Date
Visiting Team
Final Score
Host Team
Stadium

Monday
September 12
Pittsburgh Steelers
38–16
Washington Redskins
FedExField

Monday
September 12
Los Angeles Rams
0–28
San Francisco 49ers
Levi's Stadium

Monday
September 19
Philadelphia Eagles
29–14
Chicago Bears
Soldier Field

Monday
September 26
Atlanta Falcons
45–32
New Orleans Saints
Mercedes-Benz Superdome

Monday
October 3
New York Giants
10–24
Minnesota Vikings
U.S. Bank Stadium

Monday
October 10
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
17–14
Carolina Panthers
Bank of America Stadium

Monday
October 17
New York Jets
3–28
Arizona Cardinals
University of Phoenix Stadium

Monday
October 24
Houston Texans
9–27
Denver Broncos
Sports Authority Field at Mile High

Monday
October 31
Minnesota Vikings
10–20
Chicago Bears
Soldier Field

Monday
November 7
Buffalo Bills
25–31
Seattle Seahawks
CenturyLink Field

Monday
November 14
Cincinnati Bengals
20–21
New York Giants
MetLife Stadium

Monday
November 21
Houston Texans
20–27
Oakland Raiders
Estadio Azteca (Mexico City)

Monday
November 28
Green Bay Packers
27–13
Philadelphia Eagles
Lincoln Financial Field

Monday
December 5
Indianapolis Colts
41–10
New York Jets
MetLife Stadium

Monday
December 12
Baltimore Ravens
23–30
New England Patriots
Gillette Stadium

Monday
December 19
Carolina Panthers
26–15
Washington Redskins
FedExField

Monday
December 26
Detroit Lions
21–42
Dallas Cowboys
AT&T Stadium

Saturday
January 7
Oakland Raiders
14–27
Houston Texans
NRG Stadium

text: 2017 NFL season[edit]

text:
Day
Date
Visiting Team
Final Score
Host Team
Stadium

Monday
September 11
New Orleans Saints
19–29
Minnesota Vikings
U.S. Bank Stadium

Monday
September 11
Los Angeles Chargers
21–24
Denver Broncos
Sports Authority Field at Mile High

Monday
September 18
Detroit Lions
24–10
New York Giants
MetLife Stadium

Monday
September 25
Dallas Cowboys
28–17
Arizona Cardinals
University of Phoenix Stadium

Monday
October 2
Washington Redskins
20–29
Kansas City Chiefs
Arrowhead Stadium

Monday
October 9
Minnesota Vikings
20–17
Chicago Bears
Soldier Field

Monday
October 16
Indianapolis Colts
22–36
Tennessee Titans
Nissan Stadium

Monday
October 23
Washington Redskins
24–34
Philadelphia Eagles
Lincoln Financial Field

Monday
October 30
Denver Broncos
19–29
Kansas City Chiefs
Arrowhead Stadium

Monday
November 6
Detroit Lions
30–17
Green Bay Packers
Lambeau Field

Monday
November 13
Miami Dolphins
21–45
Carolina Panthers
Bank of America Stadium

Monday
November 20
Atlanta Falcons
34–31
Seattle Seahawks
CenturyLink Field

Monday
November 27
Houston Texans
16–23
Baltimore Ravens
M&T Bank Stadium

Monday
December 4
Pittsburgh Steelers
23–20
Cincinnati Bengals
Paul Brown Stadium

Monday
December 11
New England Patriots
20–27
Miami Dolphins
Hard Rock Stadium

Monday
December 18
Atlanta Falcons
24–21
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Raymond James Stadium

Monday
December 25
Oakland Raiders
10–19
Philadelphia Eagles
Lincoln Financial Field

Saturday
January 6
Tennessee Titans
22–21
Kansas City Chiefs
Arrowhead Stadium

text: Team Standings (2010–present)[edit]

text: Standings are current as of December 25, 2017.

text: The postseason games, though covered by the ABC/ESPN Monday Night Football team, are excluded from the standings.

text:
Team
Games
Won
Lost
Tied
Pct.
Most Recent Appearance
Outcome

Indianapolis Colts
9
3
6

.333
October 16, 2017
Lost to Tennessee Titans 36-22

Kansas City Chiefs
8
5
3

.625
October 30, 2017
Defeated Denver Broncos 29-19

Pittsburgh Steelers
9
7
2

.778
December 4, 2017
Defeated Cincinnati Bengals 23-20

New York Jets
12
4
8

.333
December 5, 2016
Lost to Indianapolis Colts 41-10

Los Angeles Chargers‡
12
4
8

.333
September 11, 2017
Lost to Denver Broncos 24–21

Dallas Cowboys
8
4
4

.500
September 25, 2017
Defeated Arizona Cardinals 28-17

Philadelphia Eagles
13
8
5

.615
December 25, 2017
Defeated Oakland Raiders 19-10

New York Giants
12
5
7

.417
September 18, 2017
Lost to Detroit Lions 24–10

San Francisco 49ers
10
9
1

.900
September 12, 2016
Defeated Los Angeles Rams 28-0

Denver Broncos
10
5
5

.500
October 30, 2017
Lost to Kansas City Chiefs 29-19

Atlanta Falcons
11
6
5

.545
December 18, 2017
Defeated Tampa Bay Buccaneers 24-21

Chicago Bears
15
10
5

.667
October 9, 2017
Lost to Minnesota Vikings 20-17

Baltimore Ravens
10
7
3

.700
November 27, 2017
Defeated Houston Texans 23-16

Seattle Seahawks
8
7
1

.875
November 20, 2017
Lost to Atlanta Falcons 34-31

Green Bay Packers
8
4
4

.500
November 6, 2017
Lost to Detroit Lions 30-17

Arizona Cardinals
6
3
3

.500
September 25, 2017
Lost to Dallas Cowboys 28–17

Washington Redskins
12
2
10

.167
October 23, 2017
Lost to Philadelphia Eagles 34-24

New England Patriots
10
7
3

.700
December 11, 2017
Lost to Miami Dolphins 27–20

Miami Dolphins
9
2
7

.222
December 11, 2017
Defeated New England Patriots 27-20

Houston Texans
10
3
7

.300
November 27, 2017
Lost to Baltimore Ravens 23-16

Oakland Raiders
5
2
3

.400
December 25, 2017
Lost to Philadelphia Eagles 19-10

Cleveland Browns
1
0
1

.000
November 30, 2015
Lost to Baltimore Ravens 33-27

Cincinnati Bengals
8
2
6

.250
December 4, 2017
Lost to Pittsburgh Steelers 23-20

Carolina Panthers
7
5
2

.714
November 13, 2017
Defeated Miami Dolphins 45-21

Jacksonville Jaguars
3
1
2

.333
December 5, 2011
Lost to San Diego Chargers 38-14

Tennessee Titans
4
3
1

.750
October 16, 2017
Defeated Indianapolis Colts 36-22

New Orleans Saints
12
7
5

.583
September 11, 2017
Lost to Minnesota Vikings 29-19

Buffalo Bills
2
0
2

.000
November 7, 2016
Lost to Seattle Seahawks 31-25

Los Angeles Rams†
5
0
5

.000
September 12, 2016
Lost to San Francisco 49ers 28-0

Minnesota Vikings
9
3
6

.333
October 9, 2017
Defeated Chicago Bears 20-17

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
4
3
1

.750
December 18, 2017
Lost to Atlanta Falcons 24-21

Detroit Lions
10
5
5

.500
November 6, 2017
Defeated Green Bay Packers 30-17

text: • †St. Louis Rams, 1995–2015 • ‡San Diego Chargers, 1961–2016