document_title: Liverpool F.C.

question_text: when's the last time liverpool won the premier league

question_tokens: when 's the last time liverpool won the premier league

root

text: Liverpool F.C.

text: History

text: Liverpool F.C. was founded following a dispute between the Everton committee and John Houlding, club president and owner of the land at Anfield. After eight years at the stadium, Everton relocated to Goodison Park in 1892 and Houlding founded Liverpool F.C. to play at Anfield.[5] Originally named "Everton F.C. and Athletic Grounds Ltd" (Everton Athletic for short), the club became Liverpool F.C. in March 1892 and gained official recognition three months later, after The Football Association refused to recognise the club as Everton.[6] The team won the Lancashire League in its début season, and joined the Football League Second Division at the start of the 1893–94 season. After finishing in first place the club was promoted to the First Division, which it won in 1901 and again in 1906.[7]

tag: p

text: Liverpool reached its first FA Cup Final in 1914, losing 1–0 to Burnley. It won consecutive League championships in 1922 and 1923, but did not win another trophy until the 1946–47 season, when the club won the First Division for a fifth time under the control of ex-West Ham Utd centre half George Kay.[8] Liverpool suffered its second Cup Final defeat in 1950, playing against Arsenal.[9] The club was relegated to the Second Division in the 1953–54 season.[10] Soon after Liverpool lost 2–1 to non-league Worcester City in the 1958–59 FA Cup, Bill Shankly was appointed manager. Upon his arrival he released 24 players and converted a boot storage room at Anfield into a room where the coaches could discuss strategy; here, Shankly and other "Boot Room" members Joe Fagan, Reuben Bennett, and Bob Paisley began reshaping the team.[11]

text: The club was promoted back into the First Division in 1962 and won it in 1964, for the first time in 17 years. In 1965, the club won its first FA Cup. In 1966, the club won the First Division but lost to Borussia Dortmund in the European Cup Winners' Cup final.[12] Liverpool won both the League and the UEFA Cup during the 1972–73 season, and the FA Cup again a year later. Shankly retired soon afterwards and was replaced by his assistant, Bob Paisley.[13] In 1976, Paisley's second season as manager, the club won another League and UEFA Cup double. The following season, the club retained the League title and won the European Cup for the first time, but it lost in the 1977 FA Cup Final. Liverpool retained the European Cup in 1978 and regained the First Division title in 1979.[14] During Paisley's nine seasons as manager Liverpool won 21 trophies, including three European Cups, a UEFA Cup, six League titles and three consecutive League Cups; the only domestic trophy he did not win was the FA Cup.[15]

text: Paisley retired in 1983 and was replaced by his assistant, Joe Fagan.[16] Liverpool won the League, League Cup and European Cup in Fagan's first season, becoming the first English side to win three trophies in a season.[17] Liverpool reached the European Cup final again in 1985, against Juventus at the Heysel Stadium. Before kick-off, Liverpool fans breached a fence which separated the two groups of supporters, and charged the Juventus fans. The resulting weight of people caused a retaining wall to collapse, killing 39 fans, mostly Italians. The incident became known as the Heysel Stadium disaster. The match was played in spite of protests by both managers, and Liverpool lost 1–0 to Juventus. As a result of the tragedy, English clubs were banned from participating in European competition for five years; Liverpool received a ten-year ban, which was later reduced to six years. Fourteen Liverpool fans received convictions for involuntary manslaughter.[18]

text: Fagan had announced his retirement just before the disaster and Kenny Dalglish was appointed as player-manager.[19] During his tenure, the club won another three League Championships and two FA Cups, including a League and Cup "Double" in the 1985–86 season. Liverpool's success was overshadowed by the Hillsborough disaster: in an FA Cup semi-final against Nottingham Forest on 15 April 1989, hundreds of Liverpool fans were crushed against perimeter fencing.[20] Ninety-four fans died that day; the 95th victim died in hospital from his injuries four days later and the 96th died nearly four years later, without regaining consciousness.[21] After the Hillsborough disaster there was a government review of stadium safety. The resulting Taylor Report paved the way for legislation that required top-division teams to have all-seater stadiums. The report ruled that the main reason for the disaster was overcrowding due to a failure of police control.[22]

text: Liverpool was involved in the closest finish to a league season during the 1988–89 season. Liverpool finished equal with Arsenal on both points and goal difference, but lost the title on total goals scored when Arsenal scored the final goal in the last minute of the season.[23]

text: Dalglish cited the Hillsborough disaster and its repercussions as the reason for his resignation in 1991; he was replaced by former player Graeme Souness.[24] Under his leadership Liverpool won the 1992 FA Cup Final, but their league performances slumped, with two consecutive sixth-place finishes, eventually resulting in his dismissal in January 1994. Souness was replaced by Roy Evans, and Liverpool went on to win the 1995 Football League Cup Final. While they made some title challenges under Evans, third-place finishes in 1996 and 1998 were the best they could manage, and so Gérard Houllier was appointed co-manager in the 1998–99 season, and became the sole manager in November 1998 after Evans resigned.[25] In 2001, Houllier's second full season in charge, Liverpool won a "Treble": the FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Cup.[26] Houllier underwent major heart surgery during the 2001–02 season and Liverpool finished second in the League, behind Arsenal.[27] They won a further League Cup in 2003, but failed to mount a title challenge in the two seasons that followed.

text: Houllier was replaced by Rafael Benítez at the end of the 2003–04 season. Despite finishing fifth in Benítez's first season, Liverpool won the 2004–05 UEFA Champions League, beating A.C. Milan 3–2 in a penalty shootout after the match ended with a score of 3–3.[28] The following season, Liverpool finished third in the Premier League and won the 2006 FA Cup Final, beating West Ham United in a penalty shootout after the match finished 3–3.[29] American businessmen George Gillett and Tom Hicks became the owners of the club during the 2006–07 season, in a deal which valued the club and its outstanding debts at £218.9 million.[30] The club reached the 2007 UEFA Champions League Final against Milan, as it had in 2005, but lost 2–1.[31] During the 2008–09 season Liverpool achieved 86 points, its highest Premier League points total, and finished as runners up to Manchester United.[32]

text: In the 2009–10 season, Liverpool finished seventh in the Premier League and failed to qualify for the Champions League. Benítez subsequently left by mutual consent[33] and was replaced by Fulham manager Roy Hodgson.[34] At the start of the 2010–11 season Liverpool was on the verge of bankruptcy and the club's creditors asked the High Court to allow the sale of the club, overruling the wishes of Hicks and Gillett. John W. Henry, owner of the Boston Red Sox and of Fenway Sports Group, bid successfully for the club and took ownership in October 2010.[35] Poor results during the start of that season led to Hodgson leaving the club by mutual consent and former player and manager Kenny Dalglish taking over.[36] In the 2011–12 season, Liverpool secured a record 8th League Cup success and reached the FA Cup final, but finished in eighth position, the worst league finish in 18 years; this led to the sacking of Dalglish.[37][38] He was replaced by Brendan Rodgers,[39] whose Liverpool team in the 2013–14 season mounted an unexpected title charge to finish second behind champions Manchester City and subsequently return to the Champions League, scoring 101 goals in the process, the most since the 106 scored in the 1895–96 season.[40][41] Following a disappointing 2014–15 season, where Liverpool finished sixth in the league, and a poor start to the following campaign, Rodgers was sacked in October 2015.[42] He was replaced by Jürgen Klopp,[43] who in his first season at Liverpool, took the club to the finals of both the Football League Cup and UEFA Europa League, finishing as runner-up in both competitions.[44]

text: Colours and badge

text: For much of Liverpool's history its home colours have been all red, but when the club was founded its kit was more like the contemporary Everton kit. The blue and white quartered shirts were used until 1894, when the club adopted the city's colour of red.[5] The city's symbol of the liver bird was adopted as the club's badge in 1901, although it was not incorporated into the kit until 1955. Liverpool continued to wear red shirts and white shorts until 1964, when manager Bill Shankly decided to change to an all red strip.[45] Liverpool played in all red for the first time against Anderlecht, as Ian St. John recalled in his autobiography:

text: He [Shankly] thought the colour scheme would carry psychological impact—red for danger, red for power. He came into the dressing room one day and threw a pair of red shorts to Ronnie Yeats. "Get into those shorts and let's see how you look", he said. "Christ, Ronnie, you look awesome, terrifying. You look 7ft tall." "Why not go the whole hog, boss?" I suggested. "Why not wear red socks? Let's go out all in red." Shankly approved and an iconic kit was born.[46]

text: The Liverpool away strip has more often than not been all yellow or white shirts and black shorts, but there have been several exceptions. An all grey kit was introduced in 1987, which was used until the 1991–92 centenary season, when it was replaced by a combination of green shirts and white shorts. After various colour combinations in the 1990s, including gold and navy, bright yellow, black and grey, and ecru, the club alternated between yellow and white away kits until the 2008–09 season, when it re-introduced the grey kit. A third kit is designed for European away matches, though it is also worn in domestic away matches on occasions when the current away kit clashes with a team's home kit. Between 2012–15, the kits were designed by Warrior Sports, who became the club's kit providers at the start of the 2012–13 season.[47] In February 2015, Warrior's parent company New Balance announced it would be entering the global football market, with teams sponsored by Warrior now being outfitted by New Balance.[48] The only other branded shirts worn by the club were made by Umbro until 1985, when they were replaced by Adidas, who produced the kits until 1996 when Reebok took over. They produced the kits for ten years before Adidas made the kits from 2006 to 2012.[49]

text: Liverpool was the first English professional club to have a sponsor's logo on its shirts, after agreeing a deal with Hitachi in 1979.[50] Since then the club has been sponsored by Crown Paints, Candy, Carlsberg and Standard Chartered Bank. The contract with Carlsberg, which was signed in 1992, was the longest-lasting agreement in English top-flight football.[51] The association with Carlsberg ended at the start of the 2010–11 season, when Standard Chartered Bank became the club's sponsor.[52]

text: The Liverpool badge is based on the city's liver bird, which in the past had been placed inside a shield. In 1992, to commemorate the centennial of the club, a new badge was commissioned, including a representation of the Shankly Gates. The next year twin flames were added at either side, symbolic of the Hillsborough memorial outside Anfield, where an eternal flame burns in memory of those who died in the Hillsborough disaster.[53] In 2012, Warrior Sports' first Liverpool kit removed the shield and gates, returning the badge to what had adorned Liverpool shirts in the 1970s; the flames were moved to the back collar of the shirt, surrounding the number 96 for the number who died at Hillsborough.[54]

text: Stadium

text: Anfield was built in 1884 on land adjacent to Stanley Park. It was originally used by Everton before the club moved to Goodison Park after a dispute over rent with Anfield owner John Houlding.[55] Left with an empty ground, Houlding founded Liverpool in 1892 and the club has played at Anfield ever since. The capacity of the stadium at the time was 20,000, although only 100 spectators attended Liverpool's first match at Anfield.[56]

text: The Kop was built in 1906 due to the high turnout for matches and was called the Oakfield Road Embankment initially. Its first game was on 1 September 1906 when the home side beat Stoke City 1–0.[57] In 1906 the banked stand at one end of the ground was formally renamed the Spion Kop after a hill in KwaZulu-Natal.[58] The hill was the site of the Battle of Spion Kop in the Second Boer War, where over 300 men of the Lancashire Regiment died, many of them from Liverpool.[59] At its peak, the stand could hold 28,000 spectators and was one of the largest single-tier stands in the world. Many stadia in England had stands named after Spion Kop, but Anfield's was the largest of them at the time; it could hold more supporters than some entire football grounds.[60]

text: Anfield could accommodate more than 60,000 supporters at its peak, and had a capacity of 55,000 until the 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Liverpool to convert Anfield to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, reducing the capacity to 45,276.[61] The findings of the Taylor Report precipitated the redevelopment of the Kemlyn Road Stand, which was rebuilt in 1992, coinciding with the centenary of the club, and was known as the Centenary Stand until 2017 when it was renamed the Kenny Dalglish Stand. An extra tier was added to the Anfield Road end in 1998, which further increased the capacity of the ground but gave rise to problems when it was opened. A series of support poles and stanchions were inserted to give extra stability to the top tier of the stand after movement of the tier was reported at the start of the 1999–2000 season.[62]

text: Because of restrictions on expanding the capacity at Anfield, Liverpool announced plans to move to the proposed Stanley Park Stadium in May 2002.[63] Planning permission was granted in July 2004,[64] and in September 2006, Liverpool City Council agreed to grant Liverpool a 999-year lease on the proposed site.[65] Following the takeover of the club by George Gillett and Tom Hicks in February 2007, the proposed stadium was redesigned. The new design was approved by the Council in November 2007. The stadium was scheduled to open in August 2011 and would hold 60,000 spectators, with HKS, Inc. contracted to build the stadium.[66] Construction was halted in August 2008, as Gillett and Hicks had difficulty in financing the £300 million needed for the development.[67] In October 2012, BBC Sport reported that Fenway Sports Group, the new owners of Liverpool FC, had decided to redevelop their current home at Anfield stadium, rather than building a new stadium in Stanley Park. As part of the redevelopment the capacity of Anfield was to increase from 45,276 to approximately 60,000 and would cost approximately £150m.[68] When construction was completed on the new Main stand the capacity of Anfield was increased to 54,074. This £100 million expansion added a third tier to the stand. This was all part of a £260 million project to improve the Anfield area. Jurgen Klopp the manager at the time described the stand as "impressive."[69]

text: Support

text: Liverpool is one of the best supported clubs in Europe.[70] The club states that its worldwide fan base includes more than 200 officially recognised Club of the LFC Official Supporters Clubs in at least 50 countries. Notable groups include Spirit of Shankly and Reclaim The Kop.[71] The club takes advantage of this support through its worldwide summer tours.[72] Liverpool fans often refer to themselves as Kopites, a reference to the fans who once stood, and now sit, on the Kop at Anfield.[73] In 2008 a group of fans decided to form a splinter club, A.F.C. Liverpool, to play matches for fans who had been priced out of watching Premier League football.[74]

text: The song "You'll Never Walk Alone", originally from the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical Carousel and later recorded by Liverpool musicians Gerry & The Pacemakers, is the club's anthem and has been sung by the Anfield crowd since the early 1960s. It has since gained popularity among fans of other clubs around the world.[75] The song's title adorns the top of the Shankly Gates, which were unveiled on 2 August 1982 in memory of former manager Bill Shankly. The "You'll Never Walk Alone" portion of the Shankly Gates is also reproduced on the club's crest.

text: The club's supporters have been involved in two stadium disasters. The first was the 1985 Heysel Stadium disaster, in which 39 Juventus supporters were killed. They were confined to a corner by Liverpool fans who had charged in their direction; the weight of the cornered fans caused a wall to collapse. UEFA laid the blame for the incident solely on the Liverpool supporters,[76] and banned all English clubs from European competition for five years. Liverpool was banned for an additional year, preventing it from participating in the 1990–91 European Cup, even though it won the League in 1990.[77] Twenty-seven fans were arrested on suspicion of manslaughter and were extradited to Belgium in 1987 to face trial.[78] In 1989, after a five-month trial in Belgium, 14 Liverpool fans were given three-year sentences for involuntary manslaughter;[79] half of the terms were suspended.[80]

text: The second disaster took place during an FA Cup semi-final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest at Hillsborough Stadium, Sheffield, on 15 April 1989. Ninety-six Liverpool fans died as a consequence of overcrowding at the Leppings Lane end, in what became known as the Hillsborough disaster. In the following days The Sun newspaper published an article entitled "The Truth", in which it claimed that Liverpool fans had robbed the dead and had urinated on and attacked the police.[81] Subsequent investigations proved the allegations false, leading to a boycott of the newspaper by Liverpool fans across the city and elsewhere; many still refuse to buy The Sun more than 20 years later.[82] Many support organisations were set up in the wake of the disaster, such as the Hillsborough Justice Campaign, which represents bereaved families, survivors and supporters in their efforts to secure justice.[83]

text: Rivalries

text: Liverpool's longest-established rivalry is with fellow Liverpool team Everton, against whom they contest the Merseyside derby. The rivalry stems from Liverpool's formation and the dispute with Everton officials and the then owners of Anfield.[84] The Merseyside derby is one of the few local derbies which do not enforce fan segregation, and hence has been known as the "friendly derby".[85] Since the mid-1980s, the rivalry has intensified both on and off the field and, since the inception of the Premier League in 1992, the Merseyside derby has had more players sent off than any other Premier League game. It has been referred to as "the most ill-disciplined and explosive fixture in the Premier League".[86]

text: Liverpool's rivalry with Manchester United stems from the cities' competition in the Industrial Revolution of the 19th century.[87] The two clubs alternated as champions between 1964 and 1967,[88] and Manchester United became the first English team to win the European Cup in 1968, followed by Liverpool's four European Cup victories.[89] Despite the 38 league titles and eight European Cups between them[88] the two rivals have rarely been successful at the same time – Liverpool's run of titles in the 1970s and 1980s coincided with Manchester United's 26-year title drought, and United's success in the Premier League-era has likewise coincided with Liverpool's ongoing drought,[90] and the two clubs have finished first and second in the league only five times.[88] Nonetheless, former Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson said in 2002, "My greatest challenge was knocking Liverpool right off their fucking perch",[91] and the last player to be transferred between the two clubs was Phil Chisnall, who moved to Liverpool from Manchester United in 1964.[92]

text: Ownership and finances

text: As the owner of Anfield and founder of Liverpool, John Houlding was the club's first chairman, a position he held from its founding in 1892 until 1904. John McKenna took over as chairman after Houlding's departure.[93] McKenna subsequently became President of the Football League.[94] The chairmanship changed hands many times before John Smith, whose father was a shareholder of the club, took up the role in 1973. He oversaw the most successful period in Liverpool's history before stepping down in 1990.[95] His successor was Noel White who became chairman in 1990.[96] In August 1991 David Moores, whose family had owned the club for more than 50 years became chairman. His uncle John Moores was also a shareholder at Liverpool and was chairman of Everton from 1961 to 1973. Moores owned 51 percent of the club, and in 2004 expressed his willingness to consider a bid for his shares in Liverpool.[97]

text: Moores eventually sold the club to American businessmen George Gillett and Tom Hicks on 6 February 2007. The deal valued the club and its outstanding debts at £218.9 million. The pair paid £5,000 per share, or £174.1m for the total shareholding and £44.8m to cover the club's debts.[98] Disagreements between Gillett and Hicks, and the fans' lack of support for them, resulted in the pair looking to sell the club.[99] Martin Broughton was appointed chairman of the club on 16 April 2010 to oversee its sale.[100] In May 2010, accounts were released showing the holding company of the club to be £350m in debt (due to leveraged takeover) with losses of £55m, causing auditor KPMG to qualify its audit opinion.[101] The group's creditors, including the Royal Bank of Scotland, took Gillett and Hicks to court to force them to allow the board to proceed with the sale of the club, the major asset of the holding company. A High Court judge, Mr Justice Floyd, ruled in favour of the creditors and paved the way for the sale of the club to Fenway Sports Group (formerly New England Sports Ventures), although Gillett and Hicks still had the option to appeal.[102] Liverpool was sold to Fenway Sports Group on 15 October 2010 for £300m.[103]

text: Liverpool has been described as a global brand; a 2010 report valued the club's trademarks and associated intellectual property at £141m, an increase of £5m on the previous year. Liverpool was given a brand rating of AA (Very Strong).[104] In April 2010 business magazine Forbes ranked Liverpool as the sixth most valuable football team in the world, behind Manchester United, Real Madrid, Arsenal, Barcelona and Bayern Munich; they valued the club at $822m (£532m), excluding debt.[105] Accountants Deloitte ranked Liverpool eighth in the Deloitte Football Money League, which ranks the world's football clubs in terms of revenue. Liverpool's income in the 2009–10 season was €225.3m.[106]

text: Liverpool in popular culture

text: Because of its successful history, Liverpool is often featured when football is depicted in British culture and has appeared in a number of media firsts. The club appeared in the first edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of its match against Arsenal at Anfield on 22 August 1964. The first football match to be televised in colour was between Liverpool and West Ham United, broadcast live in March 1967.[107] Liverpool fans featured in the Pink Floyd song "Fearless", in which they sang excerpts from "You'll Never Walk Alone".[108] To mark the club's appearance in the 1988 FA Cup Final, Liverpool released a song known as the "Anfield Rap", featuring John Barnes and other members of the squad.[109]

text: A documentary drama on the Hillsborough disaster, written by Jimmy McGovern, was screened in 1996. It featured Christopher Eccleston as Trevor Hicks, whose story is the focus of the script. Hicks, who lost two teenage daughters in the disaster, went on to campaign for safer stadiums and helped to form the Hillsborough Families Support Group.[110] Liverpool featured in the film The 51st State (also known as Formula 51), in which ex-hitman Felix DeSouza (Robert Carlyle) is a keen supporter of the team and the last scene takes place at a match between Liverpool and Manchester United.[111] The club was featured in a children's television show called Scully; the plot revolved around a young boy, Francis Scully, who tried to gain a trial match with Liverpool. The show featured prominent Liverpool players of the time such as Kenny Dalglish.[112]

text: Players

text: First-team squad

text: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

text:
No.

Position
Player

1

GK
Loris Karius

2

DF
Nathaniel Clyne

4

DF
Virgil van Dijk

5

MF
Georginio Wijnaldum

6

DF
Dejan Lovren

7

MF
James Milner (vice-captain)

9

FW
Roberto Firmino

11

FW
Mohamed Salah

12

DF
Joe Gomez

14

MF
Jordan Henderson (captain)

17

DF
Ragnar Klavan

18

DF
Alberto Moreno

19

FW
Sadio Mané

No.

Position
Player

20

MF
Adam Lallana

21

MF
Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain

22

GK
Simon Mignolet

23

MF
Emre Can

26

DF
Andrew Robertson

28

FW
Danny Ings

29

FW
Dominic Solanke

32

DF
Joël Matip

34

GK
Ádám Bogdán

52

GK
Danny Ward

58

MF
Ben Woodburn

66

DF
Trent Alexander-Arnold

tag: table

text: Out on loan

text:
No.

Position
Player

15

FW
Daniel Sturridge (at West Brom for the 2017–18 season)[114]

16

MF
Marko Grujić (at Cardiff City for the 2017–18 season)[115]

27

FW
Divock Origi (at Wolfsburg for the 2017–18 season)[116]

38

DF
Jon Flanagan (at Bolton Wanderers for the 2017–18 season)[117]

40

MF
Ryan Kent (at Bristol City for the 2017–18 season)[118]

50

MF
Lazar Marković (at Anderlecht for the 2017–18 season)[119]

53

MF
Ovie Ejaria (at Sunderland for the 2017–18 season)[120]

No.

Position
Player

54

MF
Sheyi Ojo (at Fulham for the 2017–18 season)[121]

56

DF
Connor Randall (at Heart of Midlothian for the 2017–18 season)[122]

59

MF
Harry Wilson (at Hull City for the 2017–18 season)[123]

68

MF
Pedro Chirivella (at Willem II for the 2017–18 season)[124]

—

MF
Allan (at Apollon Limassol for the 2017–18 season)[125]

—

FW
Taiwo Awoniyi (at Mouscron for the 2017–18 season)[126]

text: Reserves and Academy

text: Former players

text: Player records

text: Club captains

text: Since the establishment of the club in 1892, 45 players have been club captain of Liverpool F.C.[127] Andrew Hannah became the first captain of the club after Liverpool separated from Everton and formed its own club. Initially Alex Raisbeck, who was club captain from 1899 to 1909, was the longest serving captain before being overtaken by Steven Gerrard who served 12 seasons as Liverpool captain starting from the 2003–04 season.[127] The present captain is Jordan Henderson, who replaced Gerrard in the 2015–16 season following Gerrard's move to LA Galaxy.[128][129]

text:
Name
Period

 Andrew Hannah
1892–1895

 Jimmy Ross
1895–1897

 John McCartney
1897–1898

 Harry Storer
1898–1899

 Alex Raisbeck
1899–1909

 Arthur Goddard
1909–1912

 Ephraim Longworth
1912–1913

 Harry Lowe
1913–1915

 Donald McKinlay
1919–1920

 Ephraim Longworth
1920–1921

 Donald McKinlay
1921–1928

 Tom Bromilow
1928–1929

 James Jackson
1929–1930

 Tom Morrison
1930–1931

 Tom Bradshaw
1931–1934

Name
Period

 Tom Cooper
1934–1939

 Matt Busby
1939–1940

 Willie Fagan
1945–1947

 Jack Balmer
1947–1950

 Phil Taylor
1950–1953

 Bill Jones
1953–1954

 Laurie Hughes
1954–1955

 Billy Liddell
1955–1958

 Johnny Wheeler
1958–1959

 Ronnie Moran
1959–1960

 Dick White
1960–1961

 Ron Yeats
1961–1970

 Tommy Smith
1970–1973

 Emlyn Hughes
1973–1978

 Phil Thompson
1978–1981

Name
Period

 Graeme Souness
1982–1984

 Phil Neal
1984–1985

 Alan Hansen
1985–1988

 Ronnie Whelan
1988–1989

 Alan Hansen
1989–1990

 Ronnie Whelan
1990–1991

 Steve Nicol
1990–1991

 Mark Wright
1991–1993

 Ian Rush
1993–1996

 John Barnes
1996–1997

 Paul Ince
1997–1999

 Jamie Redknapp
1999–2002

 Sami Hyypiä
2001–2003

 Steven Gerrard
2003–2015

 Jordan Henderson
2015–

text: Player of the Season

text:
Season
Name
Nationality
Position
Notes
Ref.

2001–02
Hyypiä, SamiSami Hyypiä
 Finland
2 !Defender

[130]

2002–03
Murphy, DannyDanny Murphy
 England
3 !Midfielder

[131]

2003–04
Gerrard, StevenSteven Gerrard
 England
3 !Midfielder

[132]

2004–05
Carragher, JamieJamie Carragher
 England
2 !Defender
Steven Gerrard was also chosen by the fans as their Player of the Season
[133]

2005–06
Gerrard, StevenSteven Gerrard (2)
 England
3 !Midfielder
Also won PFA Players' Player of the Year
[134]

2006–07
Gerrard, StevenSteven Gerrard (3)
 England
3 !Midfielder

[135]

2007–08
Torres, FernandoFernando Torres
 Spain
4 !Forward

[136]

2008–09
Gerrard, StevenSteven Gerrard (4)
 England
3 !Midfielder
Also won FWA Footballer of the Year
[137]

2009–10
Reina, PepePepe Reina
 Spain
1 !Goalkeeper

[138]

2010–11
Leiva, LucasLucas Leiva
 Brazil
3 !Midfielder

[139]

2011–12
Škrtel, MartinMartin Škrtel
 Slovakia
2 !Defender

[140]

2012–13
Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez
 Uruguay
4 !Forward

[141]

2013–14
Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez (2)
 Uruguay
4 !Forward
Also won PFA Players' Player of the Year, Premier League Player of the Season and FWA Footballer of the Year
[142]

2014–15
Coutinho, PhilippePhilippe Coutinho
 Brazil
3 !Midfielder

[143]

2015–16
Coutinho, PhilippePhilippe Coutinho (2)
 Brazil
3 !Midfielder

[144]

2016–17
Mané, SadioSadio Mané
 Senegal
3 !Forward

[145]

2017–18
Salah, MohamedMohamed Salah
 Egypt
3 !Forward
Also won PFA Players' Player of the Year, PFA Fans' Player of the Year, Premier League Player of the Season and FWA Footballer of the Year
[146]

text: Club officials

text:
Owner:  Fenway Sports Group
Honorary life president:  David Moores
Ambassadors:  Ian Rush,  Robbie Fowler,  Gary McAllister,  Michael Owen[147]

Liverpool Football Club and Athletic Grounds Limited[148]

Principal owner:  John W. Henry
Chairman:  Tom Werner
Vice-chairman:  David Ginsberg
Chief executive officer:  Peter Moore
Chief commercial officer:  Billy Hogan[149]
Chief financial officer: Philip Nash

Liverpool Football Club[148]

Directors:  John W. Henry,  Tom Werner, David Ginsberg, Michael Gordon, Michael Egan
Non-Executive Director:  Kenny Dalglish[150]
Operations director: Andrew Parkinson[151]
Chief groundsman: Dave McCulloch
Stadium manager:  Ged Poynton
Director of communications:  Susan Black[152]
Chief media officer:  Matthew Baxter[153]
Director of scouting:  Dave Fallows[154]
Chief scout:  Barry Hunter
Director of technical performance:  Michael Edwards

Coaching and medical staff [113]

See also: List of Liverpool F.C. managers
See also: Liverpool F.C. Reserves and Academy § Staff

Manager:  Jürgen Klopp
First assistant coach:  Željko Buvač
Second assistant coach:  Peter Krawietz
Academy Director:  Alex Inglethorpe
Under 23s coach:  Neil Critchley
Under 18s coach:  Steven Gerrard[155]
Head of fitness and conditioning:  Andreas Kornmayer
First-team goalkeeping coach:  John Achterberg
Head of physiotherapy:
Team doctor:  Andrew Massey
Rehab fitness coach:  Jordan Milsom
Masseurs:  Paul Small,  Sylvan Richardson
Kit management co-ordinators:  Lee Radcliffe,  Graham Carter
Sports science consultant:  Barry Drust
Consultant nutritionist:  Mona Nemmer
Strength & rehabilitation assistant:  David Rydings
Physiotherapists:  Matt Konopinski,  Ruben Pons,  Scott McAuley,  Richie Partridge
Sports therapist:  Pedro Philippou
Performance analyst:  James French
Scouting and recruitment analyst:  Kyle Wallbanks

text: Honours

text: Liverpool's first trophy was the Lancashire League, which it won in the club's first season.[156] In 1901, the club won its first League title, while its first success in the FA Cup was in 1965. In terms of the number of trophies won, Liverpool's most successful decade was the 1980s, when the club won six League titles, two FA Cups, four League Cups, five Charity Shields (one shared) and two European Cups.

text: The club has accumulated more top-flight wins and points than any other English team.[157] Liverpool also has the highest average league finishing position (3.3) for the 50-year period to 2015[158] and second-highest average league finishing position for the period 1900–1999 after Arsenal, with an average league placing of 8.7.[159] Liverpool has won the European Cup, UEFA's premier club competition, five times, an English record and only surpassed by Real Madrid and A.C. Milan. Liverpool's fifth European Cup win, in 2005, meant that the club was awarded the trophy permanently and was also awarded a multiple-winner badge.[160][161] Liverpool also hold the English record of three wins in the UEFA Cup, UEFA's secondary club competition.[162]

text: Domestic

text: League

text:
First Division

Winners (18): 1900–01, 1905–06, 1921–22, 1922–23, 1946–47, 1963–64, 1965–66, 1972–73, 1975–76, 1976–77, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1985–86, 1987–88, 1989–90

Second Division

Winners (4): 1893–94, 1895–96, 1904–05, 1961–62

Lancashire League

Winners (1): 1892–93

text: Cups

text:
FA Cup

Winners (7): 1964–65, 1973–74, 1985–86, 1988–89, 1991–92, 2000–01, 2005–06

Football League Cup

Winners (8): 1980–81, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1994–95, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2011–12 (record)

FA Charity / Community Shield

Winners (15): 1964*, 1965*, 1966, 1974, 1976, 1977*, 1979, 1980, 1982, 1986*, 1988, 1989, 1990*, 2001, 2006 (* shared)

Sheriff of London Charity Shield:

Winners (1): 1906

Football League Super Cup

Winners (1): 1985–86

text: Friendly

text:
Football League 100th Championship Challenge[163]

Winners (1): 1999

text: European

text:
European Cup/UEFA Champions League

Winners (5): 1976–77, 1977–78, 1980–81, 1983–84, 2004–05

UEFA Cup

Winners (3): 1972–73, 1975–76, 2000–01

European Super Cup/UEFA Super Cup

Winners (3): 1977, 2001, 2005

text: Doubles and Trebles

text:
Doubles:[note 1]

League and FA Cup: 1

1985–86

League and League Cup: 2

1981–82, 1982–83

European Double (League and European Cup): 1

1976–77

League and UEFA Cup: 2

1972–73, 1975–76

League Cup and European Cup: 1

1980–81

Trebles[note 1]

League, League Cup and European Cup: 1

1983–84

FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Cup: 1

2000–01

text: Especially short competitions, such as the FA Community Shield and the UEFA Super Cup, are not generally considered to contribute towards a Double or Treble.[164]

text:
English football portal
Merseyside portal
Association football portal

text: Notes

text: Footnotes

text: ^ Jump up to: a b Doubles won in conjunction with the treble, such as a FA Cup and League Cup double in 2001, are not included in the Doubles section.

tag: ol

text: Citations

text:
Jump up ^ "Happy birthday LFC? Not quite yet..." Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 15 March 2014. Liverpool F.C. was born on 3 June 1892. It was at John Houlding's house in Anfield Road that he and his closest friends left from Everton FC, formed a new club.
Jump up ^ Liverpool. "New Anfield capacity confirmed as 54,074". Retrieved 9 September 2016.
Jump up ^ "Deloitte Football Money League 2018". Deloitte. 23 January 2018. Retrieved 23 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Ozanian, Mike. "The World's Most Valuable Soccer Teams 2017". Forbes. Retrieved 2017-09-27.
^ Jump up to: a b "Liverpool Football Club is formed". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 12 July 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Graham 1985, p. 14.
Jump up ^ Graham 1985, pp. 16–18.
Jump up ^ Graham 1985, p. 20.
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 14.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, pp. 50–51.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 57.
Jump up ^ "1965/66: Stan the man for Dortmund". Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Archived from the original on 10 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1999, p. 86.
Jump up ^ Pead 1986, p. 414.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 157.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 158.
Jump up ^ Cox, Russell & Vamplew 2002, p. 90.
Jump up ^ "On This Day – 29 May 1985: Fans die in Heysel rioting". BBC. 29 May 1985. Retrieved 12 September 2006.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 172.
Jump up ^ "On This Day – 15 April 1989: Soccer fans crushed at Hillsborough". BBC. 15 April 1989. Retrieved 12 September 2006.
Jump up ^ Pithers, Malcolm (22 December 1993). "Hillsborough victim died 'accidentally': Coroner says withdrawal of treatment not to blame". The Independent. Retrieved 28 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "A hard lesson to learn". BBC. 15 April 1999. Retrieved 12 September 2006.
Jump up ^ Cowley, Jason (29 March 2009). "The night Football was reborn". The Observer. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, pp. 104–105.
Jump up ^ Kelly (1999). The Boot Room Boys: Inside the Anfield Boot Room. p. 227.
Jump up ^ "Houllier acclaims Euro triumph". BBC Sport. 16 May 2001. Retrieved 24 March 2007.
Jump up ^ "Houllier 'satisfactory' after surgery". BBC Sport. 15 October 2001. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
Jump up ^ "AC Milan 3–3 Liverpool (aet)". BBC Sport. 25 May 2005. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool 3–3 West Ham (aet)". BBC Sport. 13 May 2006. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "US pair agree Liverpool takeover". BBC Sport. 6 February 2007. Retrieved 2 March 2007.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Phil (23 May 2007). "AC Milan 2–1 Liverpool". BBC Sport. Retrieved 23 May 2007.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool's top-flight record". LFC History. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Rafael Benitez leaves Liverpool: club statement". The Daily Telegraph. 3 June 2010. Retrieved 3 June 2010.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool appoint Hodgson". Liverpool F.C. 1 July 2010. Archived from the original on 29 July 2010. Retrieved 11 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Gibson, Owen (15 October 2010). "Liverpool FC finally has a new owner after 'win on penalties'". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 November 2010.
Jump up ^ "Roy Hodgson exits and Kenny Dalglish takes over". BBC Sport. 8 January 2011. Retrieved 22 April 2011.
Jump up ^ Bensch, Bob; Panja, Tariq (16 May 2012). "Liverpool Fires Dalglish After Worst League Finish in 18 Years". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 20 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Mike Ingham (16 May 2012). "Kenny Dalglish sacked as Liverpool manager". BBC. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool manager Brendan Rodgers to 'fight for his life'". BBC. 1 June 2012. Retrieved 10 June 2012.
Jump up ^ Ornstein, David (12 May 2014). "Liverpool: Premier League near-miss offers hope for the future". BBC Sport. BBC. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Goals". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2012.
Jump up ^ "Brendan Rodgers: Liverpool boss sacked after Merseyside derby". BBC Sport. 4 October 2015. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ Smith, Ben (8 October 2015). "Liverpool: Jurgen Klopp confirmed as manager on £15m Anfield deal". BBC Sport. BBC. Retrieved 10 October 2015.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool 1–3 Sevilla". BBC. 18 May 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Historical LFC Kits". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
Jump up ^ St. John, Ian (9 October 2005). "Shankly: the hero who let me down". The Times. Retrieved 12 September 2006.
Jump up ^ "LFC and Warrior announcement". Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2012.
Jump up ^ Badenhausen, Kurt (4 February 2015). "New Balance Challenges Nike And Adidas With Entry into Global Soccer Market". Forbes. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Crilly 2007, p. 28.
Jump up ^ Dart, James; Mark Tinklin (6 July 2005). "Has a streaker ever scored?". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 August 2007.
Jump up ^ Espinoza, Javier (8 May 2009). "Carlsberg and Liverpool might part ways". Forbes. Retrieved 23 July 2008.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool and Standard Chartered announce sponsorship deal". Standard Chartered Bank. 14 September 2009. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Hillsborough". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool kit launch sparks anger among Hillsborough families". BBC Sport. BBC. 11 May 2012. Retrieved 17 May 2012.
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 112.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 187.
Jump up ^ Moynihan, Leo. The pocket book of Liverpool. p. 24.
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 113.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 188.
Jump up ^ Pearce, James (23 August 2006). "How Kop tuned into glory days". Liverpool Echo. Archived from the original on 10 February 2009. Retrieved 6 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Club Directory". Premier League Handbook Season 2010/11 (PDF). Premier League. 2010. p. 35. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 17 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Anfield". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 15 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool unveil new stadium". BBC Sport. 17 May 2002. Retrieved 17 March 2007.
Jump up ^ Hornby, Mike (31 July 2004). "Reds stadium gets go-ahead". Liverpool Echo. Retrieved 12 September 2006.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool get go-ahead on stadium". BBC Sport. 8 September 2006. Retrieved 8 March 2007.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool's stadium move granted". BBC. 6 November 2007. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool stadium 'will be built'". BBC Sport. 17 September 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Smith, Ben (15 October 2012). "Liverpool to redevelop Anfield instead of building on Stanley Park". BBC Sport. BBC. Retrieved 16 August 2014.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool's new Main Stand boosts Anfield capacity to 54,000".
Jump up ^ Rice, Simon (6 November 2009). "Manchester United top of the 25 best supported clubs in Europe". The Independent. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "LFC Official Supporters Clubs". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Asia Tour 2011". Liverpool F.C. 27 July 2011. Archived from the original on 11 July 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2014.
Jump up ^ "Anfield giants never walk alone". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). 11 June 2008. Archived from the original on 11 September 2008. Retrieved 14 November 2008.
Jump up ^ George, Ricky (18 March 2008). "Liverpool fans form a club in their price range". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 18 March 2008.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). Retrieved 23 July 2011.
Jump up ^ McKie, David (31 May 1985). "Thatcher set to demand FA ban on games in Europe". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "The Heysel disaster". BBC. 29 May 2000. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "1987: Liverpool fans to stand trial in Belgium". BBC. 9 September 1987. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Jackson, Jamie (4 April 2005). "The witnesses". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 May 2006.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool remembers Heysel". BBC. 29 May 2000. Retrieved 24 May 2006.
Jump up ^ Smith, David (11 July 2004). "The city that eclipsed the Sun". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Burrell, Ian (8 July 2004). "An own goal? Rooney caught in crossfire between 'The Sun' and an unforgiving city". The Independent. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Hillsbrough Family Support Group". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 3 February 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Classic: Everton-Liverpool". Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA). 11 September 2006. Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 20 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Smith, Rory (24 January 2009). "Liverpool and Everton no longer play the 'friendly derby' as fans become more vitriolic". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Smith, Rory (7 February 2010). "Liverpool 1 Everton 0: match report". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Rohrer, Finlo (21 August 2007). "Scouse v Manc". BBC. Retrieved 3 April 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b c Cox, Michael (12 December 2014). "Man Utd vs. Liverpool is close to a classic rivalry, but lacks major drama". ESPN FC.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool VS Manchester United: Red rivalry on England's north-west". FIFA.com. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
Jump up ^ Jolly, Richard (13 December 2014). "Manchester United – Liverpool remains English football's No.1 rivalry". Goal.com.
Jump up ^ Taylor, Daniel (9 January 2011). "The greatest challenge of Sir Alex Ferguson's career is almost over". The Guardian.
Jump up ^ Ingle, Sean; Scott Murray (10 May 2000). "Knowledge Unlimited". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 February 2008.
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 108.
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 109.
Jump up ^ Liversedge 1991, p. 110.
Jump up ^ Reade 2009, p. 206.
Jump up ^ Narayana, Nagesh (5 March 2008). "Factbox Soccer who owns Liverpool Football Club". Reuters. Retrieved 22 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Bill (6 February 2007). "US business duo at Liverpool helm". BBC. Retrieved 2 December 2008.
Jump up ^ McNulty, Phil (20 January 2008). "Liverpool braced for takeover bid". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Bandini, Paolo (16 April 2010). "Liverpool appoint Martin Broughton as chairman to oversee sale of club". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 April 2010.
Jump up ^ Conn, David (7 May 2010). "Auditors cast doubt on future of Liverpool after losses". The Guardian. Retrieved 8 May 2010.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool takeover to go ahead as owners lose case". ESPN. 13 October 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool takeover completed by US company NESV". BBC Sport. 15 October 2010. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Top 25 Football Club Brands" (PDF). Brand Finance. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool". Forbes. 21 April 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2010.
Jump up ^ Wilson, Bill (10 February 2011). "Real Madrid top football rich list for sixth year". BBC. Retrieved 22 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 192.
Jump up ^ "The Hillsborough Tragedy". BBC. 16 June 2000. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Footballer Barnes for rap return". BBC. 3 March 2006. Retrieved 2 December 2008.
Jump up ^ "Hillsborough's Sad Legacy". BBC. 14 April 1999. Retrieved 23 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (18 October 2002). "Formula 51". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Scully". BBC. 20 August 2009. Retrieved 19 August 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b "First team". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 28 May 2018.
Jump up ^ Carroll, James (29 January 2018). "Daniel Sturridge completes loan move to West Brom". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Williams, Sam (17 January 2018). "Grujic joins Cardiff on loan". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 17 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Williams, Sam (31 August 2017). "Divock Origi joins Wolfsburg on season-long loan". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Carroll, James (31 January 2018). "Jon Flanagan joins Bolton Wanderers on loan". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Williams, Sam (12 January 2018). "Ryan Kent seals Bristol City loan deal". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Carroll, James (31 January 2018). "Lazar Markovic moves to Anderlecht on loan". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Williams, Sam (31 January 2018). "Ejaria completes Sunderland loan move". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Shaw, Chris (16 August 2017). "Sheyi Ojo joins Fulham on season-long loan". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Shaw, Chris (28 July 2017). "Connor Randall makes loan move to Hearts". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Shaw, Chris (31 January 2018). "Harry Wilson signs new deal and joins Hull on loan". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 31 January 2018.
Jump up ^ Williams, Sam (26 July 2017). "Chirivella joins Willem II on season-long loan". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Shaw, Chris (31 August 2017). "Allan joins Apollon Limassol on loan". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Shaw, Chris (31 July 2017). "Taiwo Awoniyi moves to Royal Excel Mouscron on loan". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 1 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b "Captains for Liverpool FC since 1892". Liverpool F.C. 29 April 2009. Archived from the original on 18 July 2009. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
Jump up ^ "Henderson appointed new Liverpool Captain". 10 July 2015. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
Jump up ^ "Steven Gerrard: LA Galaxy confirm deal for Liverpool captain". BBC Sport. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
Jump up ^ Eaton, Paul (13 May 2002). "We speak to YOUR Player of the Season". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Eaton, Paul (7 May 2003). "Murphy named Reds Player of the Season". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gerrard delighted with Player of the Year vote". Liverpool F.C. 21 May 2004. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Hunter, Steve (4 May 2005). "Carra wins .tv player of the season". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 14 July 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Rogers, Paul (23 May 2006). "It's Official: LFC Player of the Season". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Gerrard voted fans' player of the season". Liverpool F.C. 26 May 2007. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Eaton, Paul (19 May 2008). "Vote result: LFC Player of the Season". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Carroll, James (4 June 2009). "LFC Player of the Season: Steven Gerrard". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 12 June 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Rice, Jimmy (11 May 2010). "Reina crowned Player of 09–10". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 23 April 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Carroll, James (24 May 2011). "Lucas scoops 2010–11 award". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 24 November 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Carroll, James (14 May 2012). "Skrtel named LFC Player of Season". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 15 April 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Shaw, Chris (28 May 2013). "Your player of the season revealed". Liverpool F.C. Archived from the original on 5 June 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Carroll, James (27 May 2014). "Suarez wins another season award". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ Shaw, Chris (19 May 2015). "Phil wins four prizes at Players' Awards". Liverpool F.C. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
Jump up ^ "Quartet of accolades for Philippe Coutinho at LFC Players' Awards". Liverpool FC. Retrieved 12 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Shaw, Chris (9 May 2017). "Sadio Mane takes top prizes at LFC Players' Awards". Liverpool FC. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
Jump up ^ Shaw, Chris (10 May 2018). "Mohamed Salah takes top prizes at LFC Players' Awards". Liverpool FC. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
Jump up ^ "Michael Owen becomes LFC international ambassador". 21 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "The Liverpool Football Club & Athletic Grounds Limited". Premier League. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Billy Hogan joins Liverpool FC". Liverpool F.C. 24 May 2012. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012.
Jump up ^ "LFC appoint Ops Director". BBC. 4 October 2013.
Jump up ^ "LFC appoint Ops Director". Liverpool F.C. 4 July 2011. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013.
Jump up ^ "LFC appoints director of communications". Liverpool F.C. 18 April 2013. Archived from the original on 20 April 2013.
Jump up ^ "LFC appoint new digital media and TV chief". Liverpool F.C. 4 February 2013. Archived from the original on 6 February 2013.
Jump up ^ Pearce, James (2 July 2015). "Liverpool FC's transfer committee – who did what to bring new signings to Anfield". Liverpool Echo.
Jump up ^ "Steven Gerrard appointed Liverpool under-18s manager and makes promise to club's fans". Metro DMG Media. 27 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Kelly 1988, p. 15.
Jump up ^ Pietarinen, Heikki (15 July 2011). "England – First Level All-Time Tables 1888/89-2009/10". Rec. Sport. Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF). Retrieved 22 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Liverpool lead Manchester United, Arsenal, Everton and Tottenham in Ultimate League". Retrieved 8 September 2015.
Jump up ^ Hodgson, Guy (17 December 1999). "How consistency and caution made Arsenal England's greatest team of the 20th century". The Independent. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
Jump up ^ Keogh, Frank (26 May 2005). "Why it was the greatest cup final". BBC. Retrieved 8 July 2011.
Jump up ^ "Regulations of the UEFA Champions League" (PDF). Union of European Football Associations. p. 32. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 March 2007. Retrieved 19 June 2008.
Jump up ^ "New format provides fresh impetus". Union of European Football Associations. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
Jump up ^ "Games for the 1998-1999 season - LFChistory - Stats galore for Liverpool FC!". www.lfchistory.net. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
Jump up ^ Rice, Simon (20 May 2010). "Treble treble: The teams that won the treble". The Independent. Retrieved 14 July 2010.


document_title: Smith & Wesson

question_text: when did smith and wesson change their name

text: Smith & Wesson

text: History[edit]

text: Early history[edit]

text: Horace Smith and Daniel B. Wesson founded the Smith & Wesson Company in Norwich, Connecticut in 1852 to develop the Volcanic rifle. Smith developed a new Volcanic Cartridge, which he patented in 1854. The Smith & Wesson Company was renamed Volcanic Repeating Arms in 1855, and was purchased by Oliver Winchester. Smith left the company and returned to his native Springfield, Massachusetts, while Wesson stayed on as plant manager with Volcanic Repeating Arms.[5]

text: As Samuel Colt's patent on the revolver was set to expire in 1856, Wesson began developing a prototype for a cartridge revolver. His research pointed out that a former Colt employee named Rollin White held the patent for a "Bored-through" cylinder, a component he would need for his invention. Wesson reconnected with Smith and the two partners approached White to manufacture a newly designed revolver-and-cartridge combination.[5]

text: Rather than make White a partner in their company, Smith and Wesson paid him a royalty of $0.25 on every revolver that they made. It would become White's responsibility to defend his patent in any court cases which eventually led to his financial ruin, but was very advantageous for the new Smith & Wesson Company.[5]

text: 19th century[edit]

text: Smith & Wesson's revolvers came into popular demand with the outbreak of the American Civil War as soldiers from all ranks on both sides of the conflict made private purchases of the revolvers for self-defense.[6]

text: The orders for the Smith & Wesson Model 1 revolver outpaced the factory's production capabilities. In 1860 demand was so great that Smith & Wesson expanded into a new facility and began experimenting with a new cartridge design more suitable than the .22 Short that it had been using.[6]

text: At the same time, the company's design was being infringed upon by other manufacturers which led to numerous lawsuits filed by Rollin White. In many of these instances part of the restitution came in the form of the offender being forced to stamp "Manufactured for Smith & Wesson" on the revolvers in question.[6]

text: White's vigorous defense of his patent caused a problem for armsmakers in the United States at the time as they could not manufacture cartridge revolvers. At the end of the war the U.S. Government charged White with causing the retardation of arms development in America.[6]

text: Demand for revolvers declined at the close of the Civil War so Smith & Wesson focused on the development of arms suitable for use on the American frontier. In 1870 the company switched focus from pocket sized revolvers to a large frame revolver in heavier calibers (.44 S&W American).  This new design, known as the Smith & Wesson Model 3, was adopted by the US Army as the first cartridge-firing revolver in US service.

text: In 1899 Smith & Wesson introduced its most widely used revolver, the .38 Military & Police (also known as the Smith & Wesson Model 10).  With over 6 million produced, it became the standard sidearm of American police officers for much of the 20th century.[7]  An additional 1 million of these guns were made for the US Military during World War II.[7]

text: 20th century[edit]

text: The post-war periods in the 20th century were times of great innovation for the company.  In 1935 Smith and Wesson released the Smith & Wesson Model 27 which was the first revolver chambered for .357 Magnum.  It was designed as a more powerful handgun for law enforcement officers.  The Model 27 started the "Magnum Era" of handguns.  The high point was in 1955 when the company created the Smith & Wesson Model 29 in .44 Magnum.  Two decades later the Dirty Harry movies made this gun a cultural icon.[8]

text: In 1965 the Wesson family sold its controlling interest in Smith and Wesson to Bangor Punta, a large American conglomerate.[9] Over the next decade Bangor Punta diversified the company's civilian sales to include related gun products (such as holsters) as well as offering additional police equipment (such as handcuffs and breathalyzers).[7]  By the late 1970s these profitable moves made Smith and Wesson "the envy of the industry" according to Business Week.[10]

text: Despite all of these advantages, however, Smith & Wesson's market share began to decline in the 1980s.  As the war on drugs intensified in the United States, police departments all across the country replaced their Smith and Wesson revolvers with European semiautomatics (such as Glock, Sig Sauer and Beretta).[11]  From 1982 to 1986 profits at the company declined by 41 percent [7] Company ownership changed twice during the decade.

text: In June 1987 Tomkins plc paid $112.5 million to purchase Smith & Wesson.[12]  Tomkins modernized the production equipment and instituted additional testing which significantly increased product quality.[7]  However new gun sales in the United States lagged in the 1990s, some of which was attributed to the Federal Assault Weapons Ban of 1994.  Also there were numerous city and state lawsuits against Smith and Wesson.  After the success of the Tobacco Master Settlement Agreement, municipalities thought they might be able to succeed through tort law against the gun industry as well.[13]  These political and legal challenges provided a lot of risk and uncertainty for Smith and Wesson's future.

text: Clinton agreement[edit]

text: On March 17, 2000, Smith & Wesson made an agreement with U.S. President Bill Clinton under which it would implement changes in the design and distribution of its firearms in return for "preferred buying program" to offset the loss of revenue as a result of anticipated boycott.[14]  The agreement stated all authorized dealers and distributors of Smith & Wesson's products had to abide by a "code of conduct" to eliminate the sale of firearms to prohibited persons, and dealers had to agree to not allow children under 18 (without an adult present) access to gun shops or sections of stores that contained firearms.[14]

text: After an organized campaign by the NRA and NSSF over the issue of smart guns,[15] thousands of retailers and tens of thousands of firearms consumers boycotted Smith & Wesson.[16][17] CEO Ed Shultz, who negotiated the deal, was forced out in September of that year.[18]  By December 2000, the company's stock price was 19 cents per share.[19]  Smith & Wesson dropped its smart gun plans after nearly being driven out of business.[20]

text: Acquisition[edit]

text: On May 11, 2001, Saf-T-Hammer Corporation acquired Smith & Wesson Corp. from Tomkins plc for US$15 million, a fraction of the US$112 million originally paid by Tomkins.[21] Saf-T-Hammer assumed US$30 million in debt, bringing the total purchase price to US$45 million.[22][23] Saf-T-Hammer, a manufacturer of firearms locks and other safety products, purchased the company with the intention of incorporating its line of security products into all Smith & Wesson firearms in compliance with the 2000 agreement.

text: The acquisition of Smith & Wesson was chiefly brokered by Saf-T-Hammer President Bob Scott, who had left Smith & Wesson in 1999 because of a disagreement with Tomkins’ policies. After the purchase, Scott became the president of Smith & Wesson to guide the 157-year-old company back to its former standing in the market.[24]

text: On February 15, 2002, the name of the newly formed entity was changed to Smith & Wesson Holding Corporation.[25]

text: Recent history[edit]

text: In 2006 Smith & Wesson refocused its marketing on big box retailers, according to Smith & Wesson CEO Mike Golden in a 2008 conference call with investors.[26]

text: Smith & Wesson Holding announced in December 2014 that it was paying $130.5 million for Battenfeld Technologies, a Columbia, Missouri-based designer and distributor of hunting and shooting accessories. The company made the acquisition with the eventual intent to merge all its existing Smith & Wesson, M&P and Thompson Center Arms accessories into a single division.[27]

text: In August 2016 the company bought Crimson Trace, a laser-sight manufacturer, for $95 million and Taylor Brands, a tool and knife maker, for $85 million. In November of that same year the company bought UST Brands, a survival equipment maker, for $32.3 million. On November 7, 2016, Smith & Wesson announced that it would be changing the name of its holding company to American Outdoor Brands Corporation.[28]

text: In 2017 Smith & Wesson saw a severe contraction in its sales as units shipped to distributors and retailers declined 38.3%. The company was forced to lay off one-fourth of its manufacturing workforce.[29]

text: The company has come under increased scrutiny due to the frequent use of its firearms in mass shootings such as the 2018 Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, in which 19-year-old Nikolas Jacob Cruz used a Smith & Wesson AR-15 style rifle, the semi-automatic M&P15. The same weapon was used in the 2015 San Bernardino attack and the 2012 Aurora shooting.[30][31][32][33]

text: Products[edit]

text: Cartridges[edit]

text:
.22 Short[34]
.32 S&W—sometimes called .32 Short[34]
.32 S&W Long—sometimes called .32 Colt New Police (a variation produced for the Colt New Police Revolver, as Colt did not want an association with their competitor)[34]
.32-44 S&W, defined as .32 Caliber (true .32 caliber measures .323", sole use in Model 3 Revolver to 1898.[35]
.38 S&W—sometimes called .38 Colt New Police (a variation produced for the Colt New Police Revolver, as Colt did not want an association with their competitor) and the 38/200 in England.[34]
.38-44 S&W There are two distinct loads with this designation. The first was intended for use in model 3 revolvers up to 1898. The second was a predecessor to the .357 Magnum. Using the latter load in a pre-1898 gun could cause serious injury.[35]
.38 S&W Special[34]—Usually referred to as ".38 Special"
.357 S&W Magnum[34]—Usually referred to as ".357 Magnum"
.40 S&W[34]—Smith & Wesson developed the cartridge but the first firearm to hit the market chambered in .40 was manufactured by Glock[36]
.41 Magnum—While Remington Arms developed the ammunition, Smith & Wesson made the first revolvers to chamber the cartridge.[34]
.44 American[34]
.44 Russian[34]
.44 S&W Special[34]
.44 Remington Magnum[34]
.45 S&W Schofield[34]
.460 S&W Magnum[37]
.500 S&W Magnum[37]

tag: ul

text: Revolvers[edit]

text:
Smith & Wesson Volcanic, caliber .31, between 1854 and 1855

Smith & Wesson Model 1 Second Issue, .22 rimfire

Smith & Wesson Army No 2, made 1863, caliber .32 Rimfire

Smith & Wesson No. 3, New Model, 44 Russian

Smith & Wesson Model 3, Cal. .44, between 1874 and 1878

Smith & Wesson .38 Special Model 1899 Military and Police Hand Ejector

Smith & Wesson M1917 cal. 45

Smith & Wesson Model 10 cal. 38

text: Smith & Wesson has produced revolvers over the years in several standard frame sizes. M refers to the small early Ladysmith frame, I to the small .32 frame, J to the small .38 frame, K to the medium .38 frame, L to medium large, and N to the largest .44 Magnum type frame.[38] In 2003, the even larger X frame was introduced for the .500 S&W Magnum.

text:
Smith & Wesson Model 1[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 1 1/2[40]
Smith & Wesson Model No. 2 Army
S&W .38 Single Action—first Smith & Wesson revolver chambered in .38 caliber.[41]
Smith & Wesson Model 3—first automatic ejection of spent cartridge cases[42]
Smith & Wesson Double Action
Smith & Wesson Safety Hammerless—The "lemon squeezer," also known as the Model 40, Model 42 and 38 Safety.[43]
Smith & Wesson Ladysmith[39]

text:
I-Frame (small) Models
Smith & Wesson Model 30—A small six-shot .32-caliber revolver.[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 32—"Terrier" A small five-shot revolver chambered in .38 S&W .38-caliber. Coil or flat mainspring, round front sight, 2" barrel.[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 34 Kit Gun is a small, 6-shot, .22 Long Rifle, double-action revolver made by Smith & Wesson. It's a multi-purpose utility handgun, intended to be used for small game hunting, plinking, and pest control. It was designed to be easily packed in a hunting, camping or fishing "kit". The Model 34 would be upgraded into a J-frame in 1960.

J-Frame (small) Models
Smith & Wesson Model 36—known as the "Chiefs Special"; first J-frame (1950), 5-shot revolver[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 37—known as the "Chiefs Special Airweight";[43]
Smith & Wesson Bodyguard—standard and "Airweight" (Models 38, 49, 438, 638, 649).[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 60—first regular production all stainless steel revolver (1965); the stainless Chief's Special[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 340PD—first revolver made of scandium alloy, very light, possibly the final evolution of the classic J-frame Chief's Special introduced over 60 years earlier, weighs 12 ounces (340 g).[39]
Smith & Wesson Centennial—standard and "Airweight" (Models 40, 42, 442, 640, 642) (at one time available in 9×19mm caliber as the Model 940)[39]

text:
K-Frame (medium) Models

Smith & Wesson Model 10—.38 Special. Previously the ".38 Military & Police" and ".38 Victory Model"[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 11—.38 S&W. Previously the ".38 Regular Military & Police"[44]
Smith & Wesson Model 12—.38 Special. "Airweight" (alloy frame) version of the Model 10.[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 13—.357 Magnum version of the Model 10.[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 14—.38 Special. Previously the "K-38 Masterpiece".[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 15—.38 Special. Previously the "38 Combat Masterpiece".[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 16—.32 S&W Long Caliber. Previously the "K-32 Masterpiece".[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 17—.22 Caliber. Previously the "K-22 Masterpiece".[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 18—.22 Caliber. Previously the "22 Combat Masterpiece".[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 19—.357 Magnum. Previously the "Combat Magnum"; first lightweight .357 Magnum, built at the request of Bill Jordan[39][45]
Smith & Wesson Model 53—blued steel .22 Magnum, built for .22 Remington Jet Center fire Magnum ammunition.[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 64—.38 Special. Stainless steel version of the Model 10.[46]
Smith & Wesson Model 65—.357 Magnum. Stainless steel version of the Model 13[47]
Smith & Wesson Model 66—.357 Magnum. Stainless steel version of the Model 19.[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 67—.38 Special. Stainless steel version of the Model 15.[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 68—.38 Special version of the Model 66 (half-lug) 6" barrel.[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 617—.22 Caliber. Full-lug, Stainless steel, 10-shot version of the Model 17.[43]

text:
Two Smith & Wesson models 686
L-Frame (medium-large) Models
Smith & Wesson Model 386—alloy[44]
Smith & Wesson Model 586—blued steel[45]
Smith & Wesson Model 686—stainless steel[45]
Smith & Wesson Model 619—7-shot .357 Magnum, no full underlug, fixed sights.[48]
Smith & Wesson Model 620—7-shot .357 Magnum, no full underlug, adjustable sights.[48]
Smith & Wesson Model 646—stainless steel .40 S&W, adjustable sights[44]
Smith & Wesson Model 69—stainless steel .44 Remington Magnum with 5-round capacity, available in two barrel lengths.

text:
M-Frame (extra small old) Models
Smith & Wesson Ladysmith—Ladysmith in .22 Long.
N-Frame (large) Models

 Smith & Wesson Model 29s .44 Remington Magnum, 4- and 8⅜-inch barrels
.44 Hand Ejector First Model "New Century"—first N-frame, introduced in 1908. The first chambering of .44 S&W Special.[43]
Model 1917—first revolver chambered for .45 ACP[45]
Smith & Wesson Model 22—.45 ACP/.45 Auto Rim; also called the M1950 Military; Base for the 2nd issue Thunder Ranch Revolver;  This was the evolution of the M1917 revolver.[48]
Smith & Wesson Model 25—similar to the Model 29, but chambered for the .45 ACP/.45 Auto Rim and later, the .45 Colt cartridge. The best known, and most common, variants of this revolver are the Model 25-2 (.45 ACP) and Model 25-5 (.45 Colt).[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 27—first .357 Magnum; usually a custom or limited-run revolver, with a deep blue lustre[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 28—"Highway Patrolman" .357 Magnum; fewer frills than the Model 27, same performance; marketed to police for its reduced price and equal performance.[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 29—first .44 Magnum by S&W, made famous by its appearance in the film Dirty Harry[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 57—first .41 Magnum; initiated and sponsored by Elmer Keith and others, top end premier model identical in features, fit, and finish to .44 Magnum Model 29.[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 58—.41 Magnum; 4-inch barrel with fixed sights; marketed as basic, entry-level police duty revolver offering greater power than .38/.357 revolvers when using a reduced power .41 Magnum police load.[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 610.[43]
Smith & Wesson Model 625—used by Jerry Miculek in .45 ACP to set the world record for 12 rounds (with one reload) on target in 2.99 seconds[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 627—8-shot .357 Magnum, adjustable sights, stainless steel, 2.5" or 5" barrel, removable compensator, Performance Center.[48]
Smith & Wesson Model 629—6-shot .44 Magnum, adjustable sights, stainless steel, 2.5", 4" or 6" barrel.[48]

text:
X-Frame
Smith & Wesson Model 500[49]
Smith & Wesson Model 460XVR[49]
Z-Frame
Smith & Wesson Governor[49]

text: Most Smith & Wesson revolvers have been equipped with an internal locking mechanism since the acquisition by Saf-T-Hammer. The mechanism is relatively unobtrusive, is activated with a special key, and renders the firearm inoperable. While the lock can simply be left disengaged, most gun enthusiasts prefer "pre-lock" guns.[50][51]

text: Semi-automatic pistols[edit]

text: In 1953 the U.S. Army was looking for a pistol to replace the Colt 1911A1.[39]  To obtain a bid from the U.S. Government, Smith & Wesson began working on a design similar to the German Walther P38.[39]  A year later the Army dropped its search and Smith & Wesson introduced its pistol to the civilian shooting market as the Model 39.[39]

text: The Model 39 would come to be known as a first-generation pistol. Since the Model 39 debuted, Smith & Wesson has continuously developed this design into its third-generation pistols now on the market. The first-generation models use a 2-digit model number, the second generation use 3 digits, and third-generation models use 4 digits.

text:
Smith & Wesson Model 1913—The first centerfire S&W semi-automatic pistol began in 1913. This pistol was also known as the Model 35 which was produced from 1913 to 1922.[52]
Smith & Wesson Bodyguard 380.[53]
Smith & Wesson Model 22A. [53]
Smith & Wesson SW22 Victory
Smith & Wesson Model 39—first U.S.-designed double-action pistol in 9×19mm[39]

text:
Smith & Wesson Model 41.[53]
Smith & Wesson Model 52.[53]
Smith & Wesson Model 78G.[53]
Smith & Wesson Model 4506[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 439—updated model 39[44]
Smith & Wesson Model 459—S&W's entry into the US Army's XM9 program[44]
Smith & Wesson Model 469[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 59—S&W's first high-capacity double-action pistol in 9 mm Parabellum.[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 5906[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 61—Debuting in 1970, the pocket 'Escort' was a tiny automatic .22LR pistol, designed to be cheap and easily concealable. It was available in blued or nickel-plated with black or white plastic grips. Production stopped in 1973.[53]
Smith & Wesson Model 908[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 909[44]
Smith & Wesson Model 910[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 915[44]
Smith & Wesson Model 1006—stainless steel 10mm Auto[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 1026 with a frame-mounted decocker[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 4006[39]
Smith & Wesson Model 645 second generation large frame semi auto in .45 ACP.[53]
Smith & Wesson Model 4506 square trigger guard, 4506-1 and 4506-2 rounded trigger guard, third generation large frame semi-autos in 45acp.

text: Along with the myriad smaller configurations, the mid-sized 4516, 457, the Chiefs Special CS45, and the decocker equipped, 4546, 4566 and 4576, and the 45 TSW, the 4553, stll being issued to the West Virginia State Troopers.[53]

text: For many of the second-generation models, the first digit identified the material used in the frame;[citation needed] thus a first digit of 4 indicated an alloy, a first digit of 5 indicated blued steel, and a first digit of 6 indicated stainless steel.  For most of the third-generation models, the first two digits identified the caliber (except for 59/69 for 9mm), the last two digits were for the action style and the material, respectively.  Action style numbers were typically 0 for the standard double/single-action and 4 for double-action-only.  Material numbers were commonly 3 for aluminium, 4 for blued steel, and 6 for stainless steel.[citation needed]

text: Sigma series[edit]

text: Smith & Wesson introduced the Sigma series of recoil-operated, locked-breech semi-auto pistols in 1994 with the Sigma SW40F, followed by the Sigma SW9F 9 mm, which included a 17-shot magazine.[39] Glock initiated a patent infringement lawsuit against Smith & Wesson. The latter paid an undisclosed amount to settle the case and for the right to continue producing models in the Sigma line.[54] The gun frame is manufactured from polymer, while the slide and barrel use either stainless steel or carbon steel. In 1996, Smith & Wesson updated the Sigma by adding a compact model with a shortened barrel (from 41⁄2 to 4 inches) and again, in 1999, modified the series by changing the grip by adding checkering and adding an integral accessory rail for lights and laser targeting devices.[39]

text:
SW9 in 9×19mm[39]
SW40 in .40 S&W[39]
SW357V in .357 SIG[39]
SW380 in .380 ACP[39]

text: SW99 Series[edit]

text: S&W reached an agreement with Walther to produce variations of the P99 line of pistols.[39] Branded as the SW99, the pistol is available in several calibers, including 9 mm, .40 S&W, and .45 ACP, and in both full size and compact variations. Under the terms of the agreement, Walther produced the frames, and Smith & Wesson produced the slide and barrel. The pistol has several cosmetic differences from the original Walther design and strongly resembles a hybrid between the P99 and the Sigma series.[39]

text: M&P Series[edit]

text: In 2005, Smith & Wesson debuted a new polymer-frame pistol intended for the law enforcement market. Dubbed the M&P (for Military and Police), its name was meant to evoke S&W's history as the firearm of choice for law enforcement agencies through its previous lineup of M&P revolvers. The M&P is a completely new design with no parts interchangeable with any other pistol including the Sigma. The new design not only looks completely different than the Sigma but feels completely different with 3 different back straps supplied with each M&P. Many of the ergonomic study elements that had been incorporated into the Sigma and the SW99 were brought over to the M&P. The improved trigger weight and feel, and unique takedown method (not requiring a dry pull of the trigger) were meant to set the M&P apart from both the Sigma and the popular Glock pistols.

text: The M&P is available in 9×19mm, .40 S&W, and .357 SIG. Also a .22 LR M&P was developed with Carl Walther and is made in Germany. A .45 ACP model was released in early 2007, after making its debut at the SHOT Show. In addition, compact versions are available in .22LR, 9×19mm, .40 S&W, .357 SIG, and .45 ACP. The .22LR Compact is made by Smith & Wesson in the United States. Subcompact versions are available in 9×19mm, .40 S&W and .45 ACP.

text: SD VE Series[edit]

text: Smith & Wesson introduced the SD VE series in 2012 in hopes of remaking and improving the discontinued Smith & Wesson SD. The SD VE design has an improved self-defense trigger and a comfortable, ergonomic, textured grip. The SD VE also features an improved stainless steel barrel and slide that the SD did not include. The Smith & Wesson SD VE is available in 9×19mm and .40 S&W calibers in either a standard-capacity version (16+1-round capacity for SD9 VE and 14+1 for SD40 VE) or in the low-capacity version (10+1-round capacity for both calibers.)

text: SW1911 Series[edit]

text: In 2003, Smith & Wesson introduced their variation of the classic M1911 .45 ACP semi-automatic handgun, the SW1911. This firearm retains the M1911's well known dimensions, operation, and feel, while adding a variety of modern touches. Updates to the design include serration at the front of the slide for easier operation and disassembly, a high "beaver-tail" grip safety, external extractor, lighter weight hammer and trigger, as well as updated internal safeties to prevent accidental discharges if dropped. S&W 1911s are available with black finished carbon steel slides and frames or bead blasted stainless slides and frames. They are available with aluminum frames alloyed with scandium in either natural or black finishes. These updates have resulted in a firearm that is true to the M1911 design, with additions that would normally be considered "custom", with a price similar to equivalent designs from other manufacturers.

text: Smith & Wesson's Performance Center produces the top of the line hand fitted competition version knowns as the PC 1911. While most 1911s run around 38 to 39 ounces (1,100 to 1,100 g), the PC 1911 is heavier, at approximately 41 ounces (1,200 g). The full-length guide rod adds some weight, and so does the add-on magazine well.

text: Rifles and carbines[edit]

text: During the early years of WW2, Smith & Wesson manufactured batches of the Model 1940 Light Rifle under request from the British Government.[55]

text: In January 2006, Smith & Wesson reentered the rifle market with its M&P15 series of rifles based on the AR-15. Unveiled at SHOT Show 2006, the rifle debuted in two varieties: the M&P15 and the M&P15T. The two are basically the same rifle, chambered in 5.56 NATO, with the T model featuring folding sights and a four-sided accessories rail. These rifles were first produced by Stag Arms but marketed under the Smith & Wesson name.[56] Currently Smith & Wesson makes the lower receiver in-house while the barrel is supplied by Thompson/Center, a S&W company.

text: In May 2008, Smith & Wesson introduced its first AR-variant rifle in a caliber other than 5.56 NATO. The M&P15R is a standard AR-15 rifle chambered for the 5.45×39mm cartridge.[57] In 2009, it released the M&P15-22, chambered for .22 Long Rifle.[58]

text: Smith & Wesson manufactured a line of bolt-action rifles called the i-Bolt.[citation needed] These synthetic-stock rifles were available in .25-06, .270 Win, or .30-06 caliber.

text: Submachine gun[edit]

text: In 1967 Smith & Wesson produced a 9mm submachine gun, hoping to capitalize on U.S. sales of the Israeli Uzi and HK MP5. It borrowed the magazine of the Carl Gustav M/45 submachine gun (Kulsprutepistol m/45 or Kpist m/45) which had been popular with the U.S. forces in Vietnam as the "Swedish K") and made a similar side-folding stock. But the rest of the straight blowback weapon had no parts in common with the earlier Swedish gun. The S&W Model 76 submachine gun was made in limited numbers and was primarily used as a police weapon. Because all of them were made prior to 1986, many of them made it into civilian hands in the United States and are commonly used in submachine gun competition.[44]

text: Shotguns[edit]

text: Smith & Wesson bought patents and tooling for a 12 ga. shotgun design from Noble Manufacturing Co. in 1972 and produced it as the Model 916, 916T, and 916A.[59] The guns were plagued by a variety of quality issues, including a recall due to a safety issue with barrels rupturing.[60] The 916 series was discontinued, then later replaced by the Models 3000, based on an improved Remington 870 design, and 1000 intended to compete with the popular Remington Model 1100; both were produced by Howa of Japan.[61] However, with the sale of the company to British Tomkins PLC, Smith & Wesson exited the shotgun market in the mid'80s to return to their "core" market of handguns.

text: During the 1980s, Smith & Wesson released the S&W assault shotgun, which had full automatic capability.

text: In November 2006, S&W announced that it would reenter the shotgun market with two new lines of shotguns, the Elite series and the 1000 series, unveiled at the 2007 SHOT Show. The 1000 series was discontinued in 2009. Along with the new shotguns, S&W debuted the Heirloom Warranty program, a first of its kind in the firearms industry. The warranty provides both the original buyer and the buyer's chosen heir with a lifetime warranty on all Elite Series shotguns.[62]

text: Other products[edit]

text: Smith & Wesson is also a manufacturer of restraints (handcuffs, leg irons, belly chains, prisoner transport chains). Smith & Wesson first manufactured handcuffs for the Peerless handcuff company which obtained the right to produce the first swinging-bow handcuffs patented by George A. Carney in 1912. Peerless did not have the facilities necessary for production so they contracted Smith & Wesson to manufacture the handcuffs for them.[63] When Peerless set up its own production plant, Smith & Wesson continued to produce Peerless-type handcuffs under their own brand.[64]

text: Smith & Wesson markets firearm accessories, safes, apparel, watches, collectibles, knives, axes, tools, air guns, emergency lightbars, and other products under its brand name.[citation needed]

text: John Wilson and Roy G. Jinks designed the Smith & Wesson model 6010 Bowie knife in 1971 and the 1973 Texas Ranger Bowie knife. Blackie Collins designed the subsequent model 6020 and 6060 Survival knife in 1974–1979. All of these limited-production and custom knives were made at the Springfield, Mass., United States factory.[citation needed]

text: In October 2002, Smith & Wesson announced it had entered into a licensing agreement with Cycle Source Group to produce a line of bicycles designed by and for law enforcement. These bicycles had custom configurations and silent hubs.[65][66]

text: Smith & Wesson flashlights are available to the general public. They are designed and produced by PowerTech, Inc, in Collierville, Tennessee.[67]

text: Smith & Wesson has a line of wood pellet grills named after various pistol cartridges, such as .22 Magnum, .38 Special, .44 Magnum, .357 Magnum, and .500 Magnum.[68]

text: Smith & Wesson has entered into a licensing agreement with North Carolina-based Wellco Enterprises to design and distribute a full line of tactical law enforcement footwear.[69]