document_title: The Ink Spots

question_text: when did i don't want to set the world on fire come out

question_tokens: when did i do n 't want to set the world on fire come out

text: The Ink Spots

text: Founding members[edit]

text: The Ink Spots formed in the early 1930s in Indianapolis. The founding members were:

text: Early background[edit]

text: As "Jerry and Charlie", Jerry Daniels and Charlie Fuqua had formed a vocal duo performing in the Indianapolis area around 1931. About the same time, Jones and Watson were part of a quartet, "The Four Riff Brothers", who appeared regularly on radio station WLW in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1933, that group disbanded, and Watson, Daniels and Fuqua got together to form a new vocal, instrumental and comedy group, which was initially called "King, Jack, and Jester". They continued to appear regularly on radio in Ohio, and became a foursome when Jones was added to the group the following year.

text: In July 1934 they accepted a booking at the Apollo Theater, New York, supporting Tiny Bradshaw. At this point they had changed their name to "The 4 Ink Spots". Later in 1934, the Ink Spots achieved international success touring the UK with Jack Hylton's Orchestra, one review in the Melody Maker stating

text:
“
The sensation of the programme is the coloured quartette, the Four Ink Spots. They sing in a style something between the Mills Brothers and the Three Keys, and accompany themselves on three tenor guitars and a cello — which is not bowed, but picked and slapped like a double bass. Their natural instinct for hot rhythm is exemplified in their terrific single-string solo work and their beautifully balanced and exquisitely phrased vocalisms. They exploit all kinds of rhythmic vocalisms — straight solos, concerted, scat, and instrumental imitations. They even throw in a bit of dancing to conclude their act, and the leading guitarist simultaneously plays and juggles with his instrument.
”

— Melody Maker, [4]

text: They first recorded for Victor Records in 1935, but although the group was growing rapidly in popularity, their early record releases were not commercially successful. Their first recordings included songs such as "Swingin' On The Strings", "Your Feet's Too Big", "Don't 'Low No Swingin' In Here" and "Swing, Gate, Swing".

text: Bill Kenny joins The Ink Spots[edit]

text: In 1936, Jerry Daniels was replaced by a 21-year-old singer from Baltimore, Bill Kenny, who signed on with the Ink Spots after winning first place in an amateur contest at Harlem's Savoy Ballroom. Three years later, Kenny was credited for bringing the group to global success with his unusual high tenor ballad singing.[citation needed]

text: In 1938, after being in the group for two years, Bill Kenny started to introduce the group to a new format that he called "Top & Bottom". This format was used primarily for ballads rather than the uptempo "jive" songs the group was used to performing. This format called for the tenor (Bill Kenny or Deek Watson) to sing the lead for one chorus followed by a chorus performed by bass singer Hoppy Jones reciting the lyrics rather than singing them. After a chorus of the "talking bass" the lead tenor sang the rest of the song until the end. The earliest example of their "Top & Bottom" format is from a radio broadcast from 1938. The song entitled "Tune In on My Heart" features Bill Kenny taking the lead and Hoppy Jones performing the talking bass.[5]

text: The year 1938 also saw Bill Kenny taking his first feature solo in Decca studios. His feature was on a song entitled "I Wish You the Best of Everything". Although it wasn't in the "Top & Bottom" format it was a ballad and used the signature Ink Spots guitar intro. Even though it got a good response, it wasn't very successful in terms of record sales and didn't reach the pop charts.[6]

text: "If I Didn't Care" and the late 1930s[edit]

text: On January 12, 1939, the Ink Spots entered Decca studios to record a ballad written by a young songwriter named Jack Lawrence. This ballad, "If I Didn't Care", was to be one of their biggest hits, selling over 19 million copies and becoming the 10th-best-selling single of all time. It was also the first recording by the group to reach the US Pop Charts. Despite its popularity, "If I Didn't Care" never reached #1 on the US Pop Charts, staying at #2 for several weeks. This is the first studio recorded example of the Ink Spots "Top & Bottom" format with Bill Kenny singing lead and Hoppy Jones performing the "talking bass". For this recording, each member was paid $37.50; however, after the record sold 200,000 Decca destroyed the original contract and the group was paid an additional $3,750. This was the recording that brought the group to global fame and established the "Top & Bottom" format as the Ink Spots "trademark". From 1939 until the group's disbanding in 1954, many of their songs employed this format. The year 1939 also saw the Ink Spots at the top of the US Pop Charts with five other recordings that featured Bill Kenny in the "Top & Bottom" format. Their biggest hit of 1939 was the Lombardo, Marks & Hill ballad "Address Unknown". This was their first #1 hit on the US Pop Charts. Other chart toppers from 1939 included "My Prayer",[7] "Bless You", "Memories of You", and "I'm Gettin' Sentimental Over You".[1]

text: The 1940s[edit]

text: Recordings[edit]

text: Between the years 1940 and 1949 the Ink Spots landed well over 30 hits on the US Pop Charts with 18 of them on the top 10. The groups first #1 hit of the 1940s was "We Three (My Echo, My Shadow and Me)" which they recorded in 1940. In 1944 the Ink Spots teamed up with Ella Fitzgerald to record "I'm Making Believe", and "Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall".[8] Both of these recordings featured Bill Kenny and also reached #1 on the US Pop Charts. In 1946 the Ink Spots earned a #1 spot on the US Pop Charts with "To Each His Own". The Billy Reid composition "The Gypsy" was the Ink Spots' biggest chart success, staying at the #1 position for 13 straight weeks in 1946.

text: Records that found the Ink Spots in the top five of the US Pop Charts in the 1940s included "When the Swallows Come Back to Capistrano" (#4), "Maybe" (#2), "We Three" (#1), "I Don't Want To Set The World On Fire" (#4), "Don't Get Around Much Anymore" (#2), "A Lovely Way To Spend An Evening" (#2), "I'm Making Believe" (#1), "Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall" (#1), "I'm Beginning To See The Light" (#5), "The Gypsy" (#1), and "To Each His Own" (#1).[9]

text: Films[edit]

text: In 1941, the Ink Spots were featured in The Great American Broadcast starring John Payne and Alice Faye. In the film, the Ink Spots played Pullman porters who sang during their breaks. Later in the movie, the Ink Spots "make it big time" and sing live on the radio over a national broadcast. In the movie the group can be seen singing a short segment of "If I Didn't Care" "Alabamy Bound" and "I've Got a Bone to Pick with You" . They also are featured in a scene with Alice Faye and John Payne providing background vocals on a ballad entitled "Where You Are".

text: In 1942, the Ink Spots were featured in an Abbott and Costello film, Pardon My Sarong. In this film, the Ink Spots play singing waiters in a nightclub. The group can be seen singing the ballad "Do I Worry?" and the swing song "Shout Brother Shout".[1]

text: Lineup and members[edit]

text: In 1943, Ink Spots baritone singer and guitarist Charlie Fuqua was drafted into the US Army. He chose his friend Bernie Mackey to be his temporary replacement until he returned to the group. After being with the group for two years, Mackey was replaced by Huey Long in March 1945. Long completed the role as a "fill in" until Fuqua finally returned in October 1945.

text: Hoppy Jones, an important personality to the group, died in October 1944, after collapsing on stage at the Cafe Zanzibar in New York City, near the height of their popularity. Hoppy Jones had been having cerebral hemorrhages for a year, and had fallen ill from it in June 1944.[10] Jones was temporarily replaced by Cliff Givens who filled in for five months, from October 1944 to March 1945. Jones' permanent replacement was to be Bill Kenny's brother (and fraternal twin) Herb Kenny. Herb Kenny sang with the group from 1945 to 1951 when he went out for a career as a solo artist. The last bass singer for the Ink Spots was Adriel McDonald who was with the group from 1951 to 1954. McDonald was previously the Ink Spots' personal valet, a job given to him by Herb Kenny with whom he had sung in a group called "The Cabineers" in the early 40's.

text: Due to personality clashes between Bill Kenny and Deek Watson after Hoppy Jones' death, Kenny decided he'd rather carry on as the leader of the group and bought Watson's share of the group for $10,000, which in turn gave Kenny the power to kick Watson out of the group. Watson went on to form a group similar in style to the Ink Spots called the Brown Dots (which later became the Four Tunes). Watson's place was filled by Billy "Butterball" Bowen who sang with the group from 1943 to 1952.

text: The final years[edit]

text: In 1952, Charlie Fuqua left Bill Kenny to form his own vocal group using the name "Ink Spots". At this time Kenny and Fuqua each owned 50% of the Ink Spots however it was decided by court ruling that Kenny's group was to continue on as the original "Ink Spots" while Fuqua's group was to use the name "Charlie Fuqua's New Ink Spots". Fuqua however did not go by this name and against court ruling called his group the "original" Ink Spots.

text: After Fuqua's departure from the Ink Spots in 1952 he was replaced by popular Jazz and R&B guitarist Everett Barksdale. The group now consisted of Bill Kenny (lead tenor), Teddy Williams (2nd Tenor) who had replaced Billy Bowen, Everett Barksdale (baritone and guitar) and Adriel McDonald (bass). After being with the group for only a few months Teddy Williams was replaced by Ernie Brown. Barksdale only stayed with the group for about a year before being replaced by baritone vocalist and guitar player named Jimmy Cannady. This lineup of Bill Kenny (lead tenor), Ernie Brown (2nd Tenor), Jimmy Cannady (baritone and guitar) and Adriel McDonald (bass) lasted until 1954 when the final change of lineup was made.

text: In April 1954, Ernie Brown was replaced by Henry Braswell who sang with the Ink Spots for their final three months. In July 1954, Bill Kenny officially disbanded the Ink Spots after an appearance at the "Bolero Bar" in Wildwood, New Jersey.[1]

text: Timeline[edit]

text: Note: Members that were with the group for fewer than three years are NOT shown on timeline.

text: Non-original Ink Spots groups[edit]

text: Disputes over the rights to use the Ink Spots name began in the late 1940s, resulting in many court cases. Starting in 1954, groups calling themselves "The Ink Spots" sprang up all around the United States. Some groups contained original members Charlie Fuqua, Adriel McDonald, Billy Bowen or Deek Watson, but most had no ties to the original group whatsoever. Many groups claimed to have the rights to the name, but no one did. Still, lawsuits were filed between various groups and there was great confusion as to who owned the naming rights. Some groups avoided lawsuits by naming themselves "The Fabulous Ink Spots", "The Famous Ink Spots", "The Amazing Ink Spots", "The Sensational Ink Spots", "The Dynamic Ink Spots" and more.

text: According to writer Marv Goldberg: "The original group was a partnership, not a corporation, and that influenced [Judge Isidore Wasservogel] to say, in 1955, that when Hoppy Jones died in 1944, it effectively served to terminate the partnership and that no one could truthfully use the name after that."[11] From 1954 to the present, more than 100 groups have used the name "The Ink Spots".[12] In 1967 US federal judge Emmett C. Chaote ruled that since so many groups had been using the name "Ink Spots" that it had become "public domain" and was free for anyone to use.[13]

text: Charlie Fuqua's Ink Spots[edit]

text: In 1952, Charlie Fuqua left the original Ink Spots led by Bill Kenny to form his own Ink Spots group. Fuqua recorded dozens of singles with his group for King Records as well as releasing two LP (long play) albums for Verve Records. In 1963 Fuqua's group also recorded one 45 RPM record for Ford Records. Charlie Fuqua led and was a member of various vocal groups calling themselves "The Ink Spots" until his death in 1971.

text: Deek Watson's Ink Spots[edit]

text: Deek Watson, who had been forced out of the original Ink Spots in 1944 and briefly sang with Charlie Fuqua's Ink Spots in 1952–1953, started his own vocal group using the name "The Ink Spots" in 1954. Watson made numerous recordings with his "Ink Spots" groups in the 1950s and 1960s. Many of recordings Watson made with his groups were released and re-released on various low budget labels. Watson led various groups until his death in 1969.

text: Legitimate members of the Ink Spots[edit]

text: Legitimate members of the Ink Spots included Bill Kenny, Jerry Daniels, Deek Watson, Charlie Fuqua, Hoppy Jones, Bernie Mackey, Huey Long, Cliff Givens, Billy Bowen, Herb Kenny, Adriel McDonald, Jimmy Cannady, Ernie Brown, Henry Braswell, Teddy Williams and Everett Barksdale. Pianists and arrangers included Bob Benson, Asa "Ace" Harris, Bill Doggett, Ray Tunia, Harold Francis and Fletcher Smith. Some singers have tenuous ties to Deek Watson's or Charlie Fuqua's offshoot groups; many, with no credentials whatsoever, claim to be "original" members.[1]

text: Legacy and honors[edit]

text:
1946 Cashbox award for making "The Gypsy" the biggest money making song of the year.
1948 awarded a plaque from the Negro Actors Guild for the efforts in "breaking down the walls of racial prejudice".
1989, the Ink Spots were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, as influences; they were listed as Bill Kenny, Charlie Fuqua, Deek Watson, and Hoppy Jones.
1989, the Ink Spots 1939 recording of "If I Didn't Care" was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame
1999, the Ink Spots group was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.

text: The Ink Spots in popular culture[edit]

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text: Television appearances[edit]

text: In 1936 the Ink Spots became the first blacks to appear on television; then in 1948 they continued to be television pioneers by becoming the first blacks to appear on Ed Sullivan's successful TV show. The Ink Spots made guest appearances on Milton Berle's "Texaco Star Theater" show on three separate occasions in 1949, on "The Ed Sullivan Show" three times (1948, 1950 and 1952), on Steve Allen's "Songs For Sale" twice in 1952, and on "Star Of The Family" once in 1952.

text: Music videos and live footage[edit]

text: In 1946 a documentary about nightlife in New York City called "March of Time" featured a clip of the Ink Spots singing "I'd Climb The Highest Mountain" live at the Cafe Zanzibar. The clip and outtakes can be found for viewing on various websites. In 1947 video cameras captured segments of the Ink Spots in live performance at the Daily Express Film Ball in London England. This footage can be obtained by British Pathe.

text: In 1951 Snader Telescriptions produced five "soundies" (also known as music videos) of the Ink Spots. These clips feature the Ink Spots lip syncing to the songs "If I Didn't Care", "You May Be The Sweetheart Of Somebody Else", "The Gypsy", "I'm Heading Back To Paradise" and "It Is No Secret". Bill Kenny's wife Audrey portrays "the gypsy" in the video for "The Gypsy" and can also be seen serving food to the Ink Spots in "You May Be The Sweetheart Of Somebody Else". Billy Bowen's wife Ruth Bowen is seen walking through the set carrying a dog (Bill Kenny's actual pet) and serving drinks in "You May Be The Sweetheart Of Somebody Else".

text: Ink Spots music used in television and film[edit]

text: The Ink Spots' music has been used in the films Get Low, Radio Days, Raging Bull, Revolutionary Road, The Shawshank Redemption, The Aviator, Iris, Sphere, Tree's Lounge, Malcolm X, Maria's Lovers, How to Make an American Quilt, Men Don't Leave, Drei D, Joe Versus The Volcano, Spontaneous Combustion, Carmen Miranda: Bananas is My Business, Australia, Hyde Park on Hudson, The Rover, Twenty Bucks, Manchester by the Sea and Logorama.

text: The Ink Spots' music has been used in such TV shows as The Walking Dead, The Simpsons, The Visitor, The Singing Detective, Sanford, The Blacklist, Defiance, Arrested Development, Better Call Saul, White Collar, Once Upon a Time, more. [14]

text: The Ink Spots in video games[edit]

text: Recordings by the Ink Spots have been featured in the popular Fallout video game franchise. Their recording of "Maybe" was used as the opening theme of Fallout (1997), as well as in the epilogue. It was also played on the in-game radio station Galaxy News Radio in Fallout 3 (2008), alongside their recordings of "I Don't Want to Set the World on Fire" and "Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall." "I Don't Want to Set the World on Fire" also features in both the game's trailer and its opening cinematic. The song "It's a Sin to Tell a Lie" (Bill Kenny's solo, not original recording from 1941) is played on the in-game radio station Radio New Vegas in the 2010 video game Fallout: New Vegas. In 2015, the group was once again featured in the Fallout franchise, with their recording of the Russ Morgan and Seger Ellis ballad "It's All Over But the Crying" being used in the trailer for Fallout 4; that song is also played on the in-game radio station Diamond City Radio, alongside "I Don't Want to Set the World on Fire," "Maybe," and "Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall."

text: BioShock and BioShock 2 have also made use of the group's recordings: "If I Didn't Care" and "The Best Things in Life Are Free" in the former, and "We Three (My Echo, My Shadow and Me)", "I'm Making Believe" and "Memories of You" in the latter. Still others were included in Mafia II and on the in-game radio stations in L.A. Noire. The inclusion of the Ink Spots' recordings in Fallout and other games has sparked a renewed interest in their work among younger generations in recent years.

text: Miscellaneous[edit]

text:
The Ink Spots appear as a guest quartet on the April 4, 1948 episode of The Jack Benny Program, singing a version of "If I Didn't Care" as the advertisement for Lucky Strike cigarettes.
Ian Fleming mentioned the group twice in his 1962 James Bond novel, The Spy Who Loved Me, when the leading female, Vivienne Michel, recalls a love affair from her past. She recalls hearing "Someone's Rocking My Dreamboat," and mistakenly credits the group with singing "Only a Paper Doll to Call My Own" (an apparent reference to The Mills Brothers' song "Paper Doll"). Bond himself overhears the group singing "Java Jive" aboard the US Manta submarine in Thunderball.
The Ink Spots were mentioned in several episodes of 1970's NBC sitcom, Sanford and Son, as one of Fred Sanford's favorite groups, with series star Redd Foxx crooning their song, "If I Didn't Care". Reportedly, Redd Foxx had royalties for singing their music taken out of his salary out of love for the group and because NBC wouldn't personally pay for the rights.
In the 1980s, a commercial for Chanel No. 5 included a version of "I Don't Want to Set the World on Fire" sung solo by Bill Kenny, the former lead tenor of the group. He had recorded with an unknown studio vocal group for a 1977 CBS Records LP entitled The Ink Spots – If I Didn't Care. The recording was used in the ad without permission from Kenny's executrix and widow Audrey Kenny.[15] In 1982 Mrs. Kenny took legal action and, according to Bill Kenny's former pianist Bev Gore-Langton, was successful. The commercial depicted the Transamerica Pyramid building in San Francisco with the shadow of a plane flying overhead.
The original 1982 theatrical trailer for the movie Blade Runner prominently featured a short clip of "If I Didn't Care".[16]
The Ink Spots were the subject of a 1998 book by Marv Goldberg, More Than Words Can Say: The Ink Spots and Their Music.
Several of the Ink Spots' original recordings are used in the off-Broadway production Sleep No More, which first opened in 2011.[17]
A popular aviation podcast the "Airline Pilot Guy" uses the Java Jive song to open the coffee fund segment.
The song "Jukebox Saturday Night," made famous by the Glenn Miller Band, makes a large reference to the Ink Spots, imitating the iconic Ink Spots intro and the style of singing.
The recording "I Don't Want to Set the World on Fire" has featured in multiple television shows and short films, being played at the end of the 2009 short film Logorama as well as at the end of a special seasonal episode called Treehouse of Horror XVII on Fox`s The Simpsons.
Their version of I'm Beginning to See the Light with Ella Fitzgerald is featured in the 2016 film Manchester by the Sea.

text: Hit singles[edit]

text:
Year
Single
Chart positions

US[18][nb 1]
US
R&B

1939
"If I Didn't Care"
2
—

"You Bring Me Down"
14
—

"Address Unknown"
1
—

"My Prayer"
3
—

"Bless You"
15
—

1940
"Memories of You"
29
—

"I'm Gettin' Sentimental Over You"
26
—

"When the Swallows Come Back to Capistrano"
4
—

"Whispering Grass (Don't Tell the Trees)"
10
—

"Maybe"
2
—

"Stop Pretending"
16
—

"You're Breaking My Heart All Over Again"
17
—

"We Three (My Echo, My Shadow, and Me)"
1
—

"My Greatest Mistake"
12
—

"Java Jive"
15
—

1941
"Please Take a Letter, Miss Brown"
25
—

"Do I Worry?"
8
—

"I'm Still Without a Sweetheart ('Cause I'm Still in Love with You)"
19
—

"So Sorry"
24
—

"Until the Real Thing Comes Along"
24
—

"I Don't Want to Set the World on Fire"
4
—

"Someone's Rocking My Dream Boat"
17
—

1942
"Ev'ry Night About This Time"
17
6

"This Is Worth Fighting For"
—
9

"Just as Though You Were Here"
—
10

1943
"Don't Get Around Much Anymore"
2
1

"If I Cared a Little Bit Less"
20
10

"I'll Never Make the Same Mistake Again"
19
—

"I Can't Stand Losing You"
—
1

1944
"Don't Believe Everything You Dream"
14
6

"Cow Cow Boogie (Cuma-Ti-Yi-Yi-Ay)" (with Ella Fitzgerald)
10
1

"A Lovely Way to Spend an Evening"
2
—

"I'll Get By (As Long as I Have You)"
7
4

"Someday I'll Meet You Again"
14
—

"I'm Making Believe" (with Ella Fitzgerald)
1
2

"Into Each Life Some Rain Must Fall" (with Ella Fitzgerald)
1
1

1945
"I'm Beginning to See the Light" (with Ella Fitzgerald)
5
—

1946
"The Gypsy"
1
1

"Prisoner of Love"
9
5

"To Each His Own"
1
3

1947
"You Can't See the Sun When You're Crying"
19
—

"Ask Anyone Who Knows"
17
5

1948
"The Best Things in Life Are Free"
—
10

"Say Something Sweet to Your Sweetheart"
22
—

"You Were Only Fooling (While I Was Falling in Love)"
8
15

1949
"You're Breaking My Heart"
9
—

"Who Do You Know in Heaven (That Made You the Angel You Are?)"
21
—

1950
"Echoes"
24
—

"Sometime"
26
—

1951
"If"
23
—

"It Is No Secret" (Bill Kenny solo)
18
—

1952
"(That's Just My Way of) Forgetting You" (Bill Kenny solo)
23
—

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Joel Whitburn's methodology for creating pre-1940s chart placings has been criticised,[19] and they should not be taken as definitive.

tag: ol


document_title: Haka

question_text: when is the haka used in nz society

question_tokens: when is the haka used in nz society

root

text: Haka

text: History[edit]

text: Although the use of haka by the All Blacks rugby union team and the New Zealand rugby league team has made one type of haka familiar, it has led to misconceptions.[3] Most haka are performed by men. There are however some haka which are performed predominantly by women – one of the most well-known being the Ngāti Porou haka "Ka Panapana".[4]

tag: p

text: In modern times, various haka have been composed to be performed by women and even children.[5] Haka are performed for various reasons: for welcoming distinguished guests, or to acknowledge great achievements, occasions or funerals.

text: War haka (peruperu) were originally performed by warriors before a battle, proclaiming their strength and prowess in order to intimidate the opposition. Today, haka constitute an integral part of formal or official welcome ceremonies for distinguished visitors or foreign dignitaries, serving to impart a sense of the importance of the occasion.[citation needed]

text: Various actions are employed in the course of a performance, including facial contortions such as showing the whites of the eyes and poking out the tongue, and a wide variety of vigorous body actions such as slapping the hands against the body and stomping of the feet. As well as chanted words, a variety of cries and grunts are used. Haka may be understood as a kind of symphony in which the different parts of the body represent many instruments. The hands, arms, legs, feet, voice, eyes, tongue and the body as a whole combine to express courage, annoyance, joy or other feelings relevant to the purpose of the occasion.[citation needed]

text: Types[edit]

text: The various types of haka include whakatu waewae, tutu ngarahu and peruperu. The peruperu is characterised by leaps during which the legs are pressed under the lower body. In former times, the peruperu was performed before a battle in order to invoke the god of war and to discourage and frighten the enemy. It involved fierce facial expressions and grimaces, poking out of the tongue, eye bulging, grunts and cries, and the waving of weapons. If the haka was not performed in total unison, this was regarded as a bad omen for the battle. Often, warriors went naked into battle, apart from a plaited flax belt around the waist.[citation needed]

text: The tutu ngarahu also involves jumping, but from side to side, while in the whakatu waewae no jumping occurs. Another kind of haka performed without weapons is the ngeri, the purpose of which was to motivate the warriors psychologically. The movements are very free, and each performer is expected to be expressive of their feelings. Manawa wera haka were generally associated with funerals or other occasions involving death. Like the ngeri they were performed without weapons, and there was little or no choreographed movement.[citation needed]

text: The most well-known haka is "Ka Mate", attributed to Te Rauparaha, war leader of the Ngāti Toa tribe. The "Ka Mate" haka is classified as a haka taparahi – a ceremonial haka. "Ka Mate" is about the cunning ruse Te Rauparaha used to outwit his enemies, and may be interpreted as "a celebration of the triumph of life over death".[6]

text: Mythology[edit]

text: According to Māori mythology, the sun god, Tama-nui-te-rā, had two wives, the Summer Maid, Hine-raumati, and the Winter Maid, Hine-takurua. Haka originated in the coming of Hine-raumati, whose presence on still, hot days was revealed in a quivering appearance in the air. This was the haka of Tāne-rore, the son of Hine-raumati and Tama-nui-te-rā.[7]

text: Cultural impact[edit]

text: In the lead up to the Rugby World Cup in 2011, flashmob haka became a popular way of expressing support for the All Blacks. Some Māori leaders thought it was "inappropriate" and a "bastardisation" of the traditional war cry,[8] despite its popularity. Sizeable flashmob haka were performed in Wellington[9] and Auckland,[10] as well as London, which has a large New Zealander immigrant community.[11]

text: On 28 August 2012, the New Zealand Herald posted a story of video footage which went viral worldwide of soldiers from the 2nd and 1st Battalion Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment performing a haka for fallen comrades who were recently killed in action in Afghanistan.[12][13]

text: In November 2012, a Māori kapa haka group from Rotorua performed a version of the "Gangnam Style" dance mixed with a traditional haka in Seoul, celebrating 50 years of diplomatic relations between South Korea and New Zealand.[14]

text: On 7 December 2014, at the Blood and Thunder Roller Derby World Cup in Dallas, Texas, Team New Zealand performed a haka on roller skates to the Australian Roller Derby team before their bout in the quarter finals.[15] Team New Zealand performed a haka before their debut game against Team USA at the first Blood and Thunder Roller Derby World Cup, on 1 December 2011, however it was unexpected and the arena music was still playing. It has since become an expected tradition.[16]

text: On 20 July 2015, Dawson Tamatea, a teacher at Palmerston North Boys' High in Palmerston North, New Zealand, died.[17] Hundreds of his students performed a haka at his funeral.[18] In the first month, the posted video had over 6,000,000 views.[19]

text: The University of Hawaii Rainbow Warriors football team adopted the haka as a pregame ritual during the 2006 season. [20] Originally, Tala Esera, who played high school football at Kahuku High School, introduced the haka to the team, and during the 2006 season, star quarterback Colt Brennan led the team in performing the haka. The team's 2007 campaign, which saw Brennan emerge as a Heisman Trophy finalist and lead the team to an undefeated regular season, as well as a berth in the Bowl Championship Series despite the Warriors not playing in a BCS conference, drew American attention to the haka. The Warriors are just one of numerous American football teams to perform the haka as a pregame ritual.

text: In 2016, on the 15th anniversary of the September 11 attacks, New Zealand firefighters honoured the victims with a Haka, and the video has been viewed 20 million times.[21]


document_title: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series

question_text: what tv show won outstanding drama series at the 69th primetime emmy awards

text: Winners and nominations[edit]

text: The following tables, divided by decade, display the winners and nominees of the "Drama Series" award, according to the Primetime Emmy Awards database:

text:
Year
Program
Network

1951
Pulitzer Prize Playhouse
KECA-TV

Fireside Theatre
KTLA

The Philco Television Playhouse
KNBH, NBC

Studio One
KTTV, CBS

1952
Studio One
CBS

The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse
NBC

Pulitzer Prize Playhouse
ABC

Robert Montgomery Presents
NBC

1953

Robert Montgomery Presents
NBC

Kraft Television Theatre
NBC

The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse

Studio One
CBS

1954
The United States Steel Hour
ABC

Kraft Television Theatre
NBC

The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse

Robert Montgomery Presents

Studio One
CBS

1955
The United States Steel Hour
ABC

Four Star Playhouse
CBS

Medic
NBC

The Philco-Goodyear Television Playhouse

Studio One
CBS

1956
Producers' Showcase
NBC

Alcoa-Goodyear Theatre
NBC

Climax!
CBS

Studio One

The United States Steel Hour

1958
[8]
Series with Continuing Characters

Gunsmoke
CBS

Lassie
CBS

Maverick
ABC

Perry Mason
CBS

Wagon Train
NBC

Anthology Series

Playhouse 90
CBS

Alfred Hitchcock Presents
CBS

Climax!

Hallmark Hall of Fame
NBC

Studio One
CBS

1959
[9]
Less Than One Hour

Alcoa-Goodyear Theatre
NBC

Alfred Hitchcock Presents
CBS

General Electric Theater

The Loretta Young Show
NBC

Naked City
ABC

Peter Gunn
NBC

One Hour or Longer

Playhouse 90
CBS

The United States Steel Hour
CBS

tag: table

text:
Year
Program
Producers
Network

1959–1960
(12th)
[10]

Playhouse 90
(Season 4)

CBS

Ford Startime
(Season 1)

NBC

The Untouchables
(Season 1)

ABC

1960–1961
(13th)
[11]

Hallmark Hall of Fame: Macbeth

NBC

Naked City
(Season 2)

ABC

The Twilight Zone
(Season 2)

CBS

The Untouchables
(Season 2)

ABC

1961–1962
(14th)
[12]

The Defenders
(Season 1)

CBS

Alcoa Premiere
(Season 1)

ABC

Ben Casey
(Season 1)

The Dick Powell Show
(Season 1)

NBC

Hallmark Hall of Fame
(Season 11)

Naked City
(Season 3)

ABC

1962–1963
(15th)
[13]

The Defenders
(Season 2)

CBS

Alcoa Premiere
(Season 2)

ABC

The Dick Powell Show
(Season 2)

NBC

The Eleventh Hour
(Season 1)

Naked City
(Season 4)

ABC

1963–1964
(16th)
[14]

The Defenders
(Season 3)

CBS

Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre
(Season 1)

NBC

East Side/West Side
(Entire series)

CBS

Mr. Novak
(Season 1)

NBC

The Richard Boone Show
(Entire series)

1964–1965
(17th)
No specific award offered[15][16]

1965–1966
(18th)
[17]

The Fugitive
(Season 3)
Alan A. Armer (producer)
ABC

Bonanza
(Season 7)
David Dortort (producer)
NBC

I Spy
(Season 1)
Morton S. Fine (producer)

The Man from U.N.C.L.E.
(Season 2)
Norman Felton (executive producer)

Slattery's People
(Season 2)
Irving Elman (producer)
CBS

1966–1967
(19th)
[18]

Mission: Impossible
(Season 1)
Joseph Gantman (producer), Bruce Geller (producer)
CBS

The Avengers
(Season 5)
Julian Wintle (executive producer)
ABC

I Spy
(Season 2)
David Friedkin (producer), Morton S. Fine (producer)
NBC

Run for Your Life
(Season 2)
Jo Swerling Jr. (producer)

Star Trek
(Season 1)
Gene Roddenberry (producer), Gene L. Coon (producer)

1967–1968
(20th)
[19]

Mission: Impossible
(Season 2)
Joseph Gantman (producer)
CBS

The Avengers
(Season 5)
Albert Fennell (producer), Brian Clemens (producer)
ABC

I Spy
(Season 3)
David Friedkin (producer), Morton S. Fine (producer)
NBC

NET Playhouse
(Season 2)
Curtis W. Davis (executive producer)
NET

Run for Your Life
(Season 3)
Roy Huggins (executive producer)
NBC

Star Trek
(Season 2)
Gene Roddenberry (executive producer)

1968–1969
(21st)
[20]

NET Playhouse
(Season 3)
Curtis W. Davis
NET

The F.B.I.
(Season 4)
Charles Larson (producer)
ABC

Ironside
(Season 2)
Cy Chermak (executive producer)
NBC

Judd, for the Defense
(Season 2)
Harold Gast (producer)
ABC

Mission: Impossible
(Season 3)
Bruce Geller (executive producer)
CBS

The Name of the Game
(Season 1)
Richard Irving (producer), Leslie Stevens (producer), David Victor (producer)
NBC

text:
Year
Program
Producers
Network

1969–1970
(22nd)
[21]

Marcus Welby, M.D.
(Season 1)
David Victor, executive producer; David J. O'Connell, producer
ABC

The Forsyte Saga
(Limited series)
Donald Wilson, producer
PBS

Ironside
(Season 3)
Cy Chermak, executive producer; Douglas Benton, Winston Miller, Joel Rogosin and Albert Aley, producers
NBC

The Mod Squad
(Season 2)
Danny Thomas and Aaron Spelling, executive producers; Tony Barrett and Harve Bennett, producers
ABC

The Name of the Game
(Season 2)
Richard Irving, executive producer; George Eckstein, Dean Hargrove, Norman Lloyd and Boris Sagal, producers
NBC

NET Playhouse
(Season 4)
Jac Venza, executive producer
NET

1970–1971
(23rd)
[22]

The Bold Ones: The Senator
(Entire series)
David Levinson, producer
NBC

The First Churchills
(Limited series)[23]
Christopher Sarson and Donald Wilson, producers
PBS

Ironside
(Season 4)
Cy Chermak, executive producer; Douglas Benton, Winston Miller, Joel Rogosin and Albert Aley, producers
NBC

Marcus Welby, M.D.
(Season 2)
David Victor, executive producer; David J. O'Connell, producer
ABC

NET Playhouse
(Season 5)
Jac Venza, executive producer
NET

1971–1972
(24th)
[24]

Elizabeth R
(Limited series)[23]
Christopher Sarson, executive producer; Roderick Graham, producer
PBS

Columbo
(Season 1)[25]
Richard Levinson and William Link, executive producers; Everett Chambers, producer
NBC

Mannix
(Season 5)
Bruce Geller, executive producer; Ivan Goff and Ben Roberts, producers
CBS

Marcus Welby, M.D.
(Season 3)
David Victor, executive producer; David J. O'Connell, producer
ABC

The Six Wives of Henry VIII
(Limited series)
Ronald Travers and Mark Shivas, producers
PBS

1972–1973
(25th)
[26]

The Waltons
(Season 1)
Lee Rich, executive producer; Robert L. Jacks, producer
CBS

Cannon
(Season 2)
Quinn Martin, executive producer; Harold Gast and Adrian Samish, producers
CBS

Columbo
(Season 2)[25]
Dean Hargrove, producer
NBC

Hawaii Five-O
(Season 5)
Leonard Freeman, executive producer; Bob Sweeney and Bill Finnegan, producers
CBS

Kung Fu
(Season 1)
Jerry Thorpe, producer
ABC

Mannix
(Season 6)
Bruce Geller, executive producer; Ivan Goff and Ben Roberts, producers
CBS

1973–1974
(26th)
[27]

Upstairs, Downstairs
(Season 3)[23]
Rex Firkin, executive producer; John Hawkesworth, producer
PBS

Kojak
(Season 1)
Abby Mann and Matthew Rapf, executive producers; James Duff McAdams, producer
CBS

Police Story
(Season 1)
David Gerber, executive producer; Stanley Kallis, producer
NBC

The Streets of San Francisco
(Season 2)
Quinn Martin, executive producer; John Wilder, producer
ABC

The Waltons
(Season 2)
Lee Rich, executive producer; Robert L. Jacks, producer
CBS

1974–1975
(27th)
[28]

Upstairs, Downstairs
(Season 4)[23]
Rex Firkin, executive producer; John Hawkesworth, producer
PBS

Kojak
(Season 2)
Matthew Rapf, executive producer; Jack Laird and James Duff McAdams, producer
CBS

Police Story
(Season 2)
David Gerber and Stanley Kallis, executive producers; Christopher Morgan, producer
NBC

The Streets of San Francisco
(Season 3)
Quinn Martin, executive producer; John Wilder and William Robert Yates, producers
ABC

The Waltons
(Season 3)
Lee Rich, executive producer; Robert L. Jacks, producer
CBS

1975–1976
(28th)
[29]

Police Story
(Season 3)
David Gerber and Stanley Kallis, executive producers; Liam O'Brien and Carl Pingitore, producers
NBC

Baretta
(Season 2)
Bernard L. Kowalski, executive producer; Jo Swerling Jr., Robert Harris, Howie Horwitz and Robert Levin, producers
ABC

Columbo
(Season 5)[25]
Everett Chambers, producer
NBC

The Streets of San Francisco
(Season 4)
Quinn Martin, executive producer; William Robert Yates, producer
ABC

1976–1977
(29th)
[30]

Upstairs, Downstairs
(Season 5)[23]
John Hawkesworth and Joan Sullivan, producers
PBS

Baretta
(Season 3)
Anthony Spinner, Bernard L. Kowalski and Leigh Vance, executive producers; Charles Dismukes, producer
ABC

Columbo
(Season 6)[25]
Everett Chambers, producer
NBC

Family
(Season 2)
Aaron Spelling, Leonard Goldberg and Mike Nichols, executive producers; Nigel McKeand, producer
ABC

Police Story
(Season 4)
David Gerber, executive producer; Liam O'Brien, producer; Mel Swope, co-producer
NBC

1977–1978
(30th)
[31]

The Rockford Files
(Season 4)
Meta Rosenberg, executive producer; Stephen J. Cannell, supervising producer; David Chase and Chas. Floyd Johnson, producers
NBC

Columbo
(Season 7)[25]
Richard Alan Simmons, producer
NBC

Family
(Season 3)
Aaron Spelling and Leonard Goldberg, executive producers; Nigel McKeand, producer
ABC

Lou Grant
(Season 1)
James L. Brooks and Allan Burns, executive producers; Gene Reynolds, producer
CBS

Quincy, M.E.
(Season 3)
Glen A. Larson, Jud Kinberg and Richard Irving, executive producers; B.W. Sandefur, supervising producer; Christopher Morgan, Peter J. Thompson, Edward Montagne and Robert F. O'Neill, producers; Michael Sloan, associate executive producer
NBC

1978–1979
(31st)
[32]

Lou Grant
(Season 2)
Gene Reynolds, executive producer; Seth Freeman and Gary David Goldberg, producers
CBS

The Paper Chase
(Season 1)
Robert C. Thompson, executive producer; Robert Lewin and Albert Aley, producers
CBS

The Rockford Files
(Season 5)
Meta Rosenberg, executive producer; Stephen J. Cannell, supervising producer; Chas. Floyd Johnson, David Chase and Juanita Bartlett, producers
NBC

text:
Year
Program
Producers
Network

1979–1980
(32nd)
[33]

Lou Grant
(Season 3)
Gene Reynolds, executive producer; Seth Freeman, producer
CBS

Dallas
(Season 3)
Philip Capice and Lee Rich executive producers; Leonard Katzman, producer
CBS

Family
(Season 5)
Leonard Goldberg and Aaron Spelling executive producers; Edward Zwick, producer
ABC

The Rockford Files
(Season 6)
Juanita Bartlett, producer
NBC

The White Shadow
(Season 2)
Bruce Paltrow, executive producer; Mark Tinker, producer
CBS

1980–1981
(33rd)
[34]

Hill Street Blues
(Season 1)
Steven Bochco and Michael Kozoll, executive producers; Gregory Hoblit, producer
NBC

Dallas
(Season 4)
Philip Capice executive producer; Leonard Katzman, producer
CBS

Lou Grant
(Season 4)
Gene Reynolds, executive producer; Seth Freeman, producer

Quincy, M.E.
(Season 6)
David Moessinger, executive producer; Sam Egan, producer; Lester William Berke and William O. Cairncross, supervising producers
NBC

The White Shadow
(Season 3)
Bruce Paltrow, executive producer; Mark Tinker, producer; John Masius, coordinating producer
CBS

1981–1982
(34th)
[35]

Hill Street Blues
(Season 2)
Steven Bochco, executive producer; David Anspaugh and Anthony Yerkovich, producers ;Gregory Hoblit, supervising producer
NBC

Dynasty
(Season 2)
Douglas S. Cramer and Aaron Spelling, executive producers; Edward Ledding and Elaine Rich, producers; E. Duke Vincent, supervising producer
ABC

Fame
(Season 1)
William Blinn and Gerald I. Isenberg, executive producers; Stan Rogow and Mel Swope, producers
NBC

Lou Grant
(Season 5)
Gene Reynolds, executive producer; Seth Freeman, producer
CBS

Magnum, P.I.
(Season 2)
Donald P. Bellisario, executive producer; Douglas Green, Andrew Schneider and Rick Weaver, producers

1982–1983
(35th)
[36]

Hill Street Blues
(Season 3)
Steven Bochco, executive producer; Gregory Hoblit, co-executive producer; Anthony Yerkovich, supervising producer; David Anspaugh and Scott Brazil, producers
NBC

Cagney & Lacey
(Season 2)
Barney Rosenzweig, executive producer; Richard M. Rosenbloom and Harry R. Sherman, supervising producers; Steve Brown, Terry Louise Fisher, April Smith and Joseph Stern, producers
CBS

Fame
(Season 2)
William Blinn, executive producer; Mel Swope, producer
NBC

Magnum, P.I.
(Season 3)
Donald P. Bellisario, executive producer; Douglas Green and Joel Rogosin, supervising producers; Chas. Floyd Johnson, producer; Reuben Leder and Rick Weaver, co-producers
CBS

St. Elsewhere
(Season 1)
Bruce Paltrow, executive producer; Joshua Brand, John Falsey, John Masius and Mark Tinker, producers
NBC

1983–1984
(36th)
[37]

Hill Street Blues
(Season 4)
Steven Bochco, executive producer; Gregory Hoblit, co-executive producer; Scott Brazil, supervising producer; Jeff Lewis and Sascha Schneider, producers; David J. Latt, co-producer
NBC

Cagney & Lacey
(Season 3)
Barney Rosenzweig, executive producer; Peter Lefcourt, producer
CBS

Fame
(Season 3)
William Blinn, executive producer; Ken Ehrlich, producer
NBC

Magnum, P.I.
(Season 4)
Donald P. Bellisario, executive producer; Douglas Benton and Chas. Floyd Johnson, supervising producers; Reuben Leder, producer; Nick Thiel and Rick Weaver, co-producers
CBS

St. Elsewhere
(Season 2)
Bruce Paltrow, executive producer; Mark Tinker, supervising producer; Tom Fontana and John Masius, producers; Abby Singer, coordinating producer
NBC

1984–1985
(37th)
[38]

Cagney & Lacey
(Season 4)
Barney Rosenzweig, executive producer; Steve Brown, Terry Louise Fisher and Peter Lefcourt, producers
CBS

Hill Street Blues
(Season 5)
Steven Bochco, executive producer; Gregory Hoblit, co-executive producer; Scott Brazil, supervising producer; Jeff Lewis, producer; David Milch, co-producer
NBC

Miami Vice
(Season 1)
Michael Mann and Anthony Yerkovich, executive producers; Liam O'Brien, supervising producer; John Nicolella, supervising producer/producer; Mel Swope, producer; Richard Brams and George E. Crosby, co-producers

Murder, She Wrote
(Season 1)
Peter S. Fischer, Richard Levinson and William Link, executive producers; Robert F. O'Neill, supervising producer/producer; Douglas Benton, producer
CBS

St. Elsewhere
(Season 3)
Bruce Paltrow, executive producer; Mark Tinker, supervising producer; Tom Fontana and John Masius, producers; Abby Singer, coordinating producer
NBC

1985–1986
(38th)
[39]

Cagney & Lacey
(Season 5)
Barney Rosenzweig, executive producer; Liz Coe, supervising producer; Steve Brown, Patricia Green and Ralph S. Singleton, producers; P.K. Knelman, co-producer
CBS

Hill Street Blues
(Season 6)
Jeff Lewis, executive producer; David Milch, co-executive producer; Scott Brazil, supervising producer; Michael Vittes, producer; Walon Green, co-producer; Penny Adams, coordinating producer
NBC

Moonlighting
(Season 2)
Glenn Gordon Caron, executive producer; Jay Daniel, co-executive producer/producer; Artie Mandelberg, supervising producer; Ron Osborn and Jeff Reno, producers
ABC

Murder, She Wrote
(Season 2)
Peter S. Fischer, executive producer; Robert F. O'Neill, producer
CBS

St. Elsewhere
(Season 4)
Bruce Paltrow, executive producer; Mark Tinker, supervising producer; Tom Fontana and John Masius, producers; Abby Singer, coordinating producer
NBC

1986–1987
(39th)
[40]

L.A. Law
(Season 1)
Steven Bochco, executive producer; Gregory Hoblit, co-executive producer; Terry Louise Fisher, supervising producer; Scott Goldstein and Ellen S. Pressman, producers; Phillip M. Goldfarb, coordinating producer
NBC

Cagney & Lacey
(Season 6)
Barney Rosenzweig, executive producer; Jonathan Estrin and Shelley List, supervising producers; Georgia Jeffries and Ralph S. Singleton, producers; P.K. Knelman, co-producer
CBS

Moonlighting
(Season 3)
Glenn Gordon Caron, executive producer; Jay Daniel, co-executive producer/producer; Artie Mandelberg and Karen Hall, supervising producer; Ron Osborn, Jeff Reno and Roger Director, producers
ABC

Murder, She Wrote
(Season 3)
Peter S. Fischer, executive producer; Robert F. O'Neill, producer
CBS

St. Elsewhere
(Season 5)
Bruce Paltrow, executive producer; Mark Tinker, supervising producer; Tom Fontana and John Masius, producers; Abby Singer, coordinating producer
NBC

1987–1988
(40th)[41]

thirtysomething
(Season 1)
Marshall Herskovitz, executive producer; Edward Zwick, executive producer/producer; Paul Haggis, supervising producer; Scott Winant, producer
ABC

Beauty and the Beast
(Season 1)
Tony Thomas and Paul Junger Witt, executive producers; Ron Koslow, supervising producer; Stephen Kurzfeld, co-supervising producer; John David, Harvey Frand, Andrew Laskos, Kenneth R. Koch, George R. R. Martin and David Peckinpah, producers; Lynn Guthrie, co-producer
CBS

L.A. Law
(Season 2)
Steven Bochco, executive producer; Gregory Hoblit and Rick Wallace, co-executive producers; Terry Louise Fisher, supervising producer; Scott Goldstein, producer; David E. Kelley, co-producer; Phillip M. Goldfarb, coordinating producer
NBC

St. Elsewhere
(Season 6)
Bruce Paltrow and Mark Tinker, executive producers; John Tinker and Channing Gibson, producers; Abby Singer, coordinating producer

Rumpole of the Bailey
Lloyd Shirley (executive producer), Jacqueline Davis (producer), Rebecca Eaton (series executive producer)
PBS

In 1988, Rumpole of the Bailey was added to this category after it was nominated and disqualified in the Miniseries category. As of March 2017[update], both the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences[41] and the Internet Movie Database
[42] still incorrectly omit Rumpole of the Bailey as a nominee.

1988–1989
(41st)
[43]

L.A. Law
(Season 3)
Steven Bochco, executive producer; Rick Wallace, co-executive producer; David E. Kelley, supervising producer; Michele Gallery and Scott Goldstein, producers; William M. Finkelstein and Judith Parker, co-producers; Phillip M. Goldfarb and Alice West, coordinating producers
NBC

Beauty and the Beast
(Season 2)
Ron Koslow, Tony Thomas and Paul Junger Witt, executive producers; Stephen Kurzfeld, supervising producer; Kenneth R. Koch and George R. R. Martin, producers; Alex Gansa, Howard Gordon and Patricia Livingston co-producers; David F. Schwartz, coordinating producer
CBS

China Beach
(Season 2)
John Sacret Young, executive producer; Patricia Green, supervising producer; John Wells, producer; Geno Escarrega and Christopher Nelson; Fred Gerber, coordinating producer
ABC

thirtysomething
(Season 2)
Marshall Herskovitz and Edward Zwick, executive producers; Scott Winant, supervising producer; Richard Kramer, producer; Ellen S. Pressman, co-producer; Lindsley Parsons III, coordinating producer

Wiseguy
(Season 2)
Stephen J. Cannell, executive producers; Les Sheldon, co-executive producer; David J. Burke, Stephen Kronish and Jo Swerling Jr., supervising producers; Alex Beaton and Alfonse Ruggiero, producers
CBS

text:
Year
Program
Producers
Network

1989–1990
(42nd)
[44]

L.A. Law
(Season 4)
David E. Kelley, executive producer; Rick Wallace, co-executive producer; William M. Finkelstein, supervising producer; Alice West, coordinating producer; Robert M. Breech, co-producer; Elodie Keene, and Michael M. Robin, producers
NBC

China Beach
(Season 3)
John Sacret Young, executive producer; Georgia Jeffries, and John Wells, supervising producers; Geno Escarrega, Fred Gerber, and Mimi Leder, producers
ABC

Quantum Leap
(Season 2)
Donald P. Bellisario, executive producer; Deborah Pratt, and Michael Zinberg, co-executive producers; Paul M. Belous, Scott Shepherd, Harker Wade, and Robert Wolterstorff, supervising producers; Paul Brown, Jeff Gourson, and Chris Ruppenthal, co-producers
NBC

thirtysomething
(Season 3)
Edward Zwick, and Marshall Herskovitz, executive producers; Scott Winant, supervising producer; Lindsley Parsons III, coordinating producer; Ellen S. Pressman, co-producer; and Richard Kramer, producer
ABC

Twin Peaks
(Season 1)
Mark Frost, and David Lynch, executive producers; Gregg Fienberg, and David J. Latt, producers

1990–1991
(43rd)
[45]

L.A. Law
(Season 5)
Robert Breech, Alan Brennert, Patricia Green, James C. Hart, John Hill, Elodie Keene, David E. Kelley, Rick Wallace, and Alice West
NBC

China Beach
(Season 4)
Geno Escarrega, Carol Flint, Mimi Leder, John Wells, Lydia Woodward, and John Sacret Young
ABC

Northern Exposure
(Seasons 1–2)
Cheryl Bloch, Joshua Brand, John Falsey, Diane Frolov, Robin Green, Mathew Nodella, Charles Rosin, Andrew Schneider, and Robert T. Skodis
CBS

Quantum Leap
(Season 3)
Donald P. Bellisario, Paul Brown, Jeff Gourson, Deborah Pratt, Chris Ruppenthal, Harker Wade, Robert Wolterstorff, and Michael Zinberg
NBC

thirtysomething
(Season 4)
Joseph Dougherty, Ann Lewis Hamilton, Marshall Herskovitz, Richard Kramer, Lindsley Parsons III, Ellen Pressman, Scott Winant, and Edward Zwick
ABC

1991–1992
(44th)
[46]

Northern Exposure
(Season 3)
Cheryl Bloch, Joshua Brand, John Falsey, Diane Frolov, Robin Green, Jeff Melvoin, Matthew Nodella, Andrew Schneider, and Rob Thompson
CBS

I'll Fly Away
(Season 1)
Joshua Brand, David Chase, John Falsey, Barbara Hall, John Forrest Niss, and Ian Sander
NBC

L.A. Law
(Season 6)
Don Behrns, Steven Bochco, Robert Breech, Alan Brennert, Carol Flint, Patricia Green, James C. Hart, Elodie Keene, and Rick Wallace

Law & Order
(Season 2)
David Black, Michael Duggan, Jeffrey Hayes, Robert Nathan, Robert Palm, Daniel Sackheim, Joseph Stern, and Dick Wolf

Quantum Leap
(Season 4)
Donald P. Bellisario, David Bellisario, Paul Brown, Jeff Gourson, Deborah Pratt, Chris Ruppenthal, Tommy Thompson, Harker Wade, and Michael Zinberg

1992–1993
(45th)
[47]

Picket Fences
(Season 1)
Robert Breech, David E. Kelley, Mark Perry, Jonathan Pontell, Michael Pressman, and Alice West
CBS

Homefront
(Season 2)
Christopher Chulack, David Jacobs, Lynn Marie Latham, Bernard Lechowick, Dianne Massock, and Jim Stanley
ABC

I'll Fly Away
(Season 2)
Joshua Brand, Henry Bromell, David Chase, John Falsey, Barbara Hall, John Forrest Niss, and Ian Sander
NBC

Law & Order
(Season 3)
Michael Chernuchin, Arthur Forney, Walon Green, Jeffrey Hayes, Robert Nathan, Joseph Stern, and Dick Wolf

Northern Exposure
(Season 4)
Cheryl Bloch, Joshua Brand, Martin Bruestle, John Falsey, Diane Frolov, Robin Green, Jeff Melvoin, Andrew Schneider, Rob Thompson, and Michael Vittes
CBS

1993–1994
(46th)
[48]

Picket Fences
(Season 2)
Robert Breech, Ann Donahue, David E. Kelley, Geoffrey Neigher, Jack Philbrick, Jonathan Pontell, Michael Pressman, and Alice West
CBS

Law & Order
(Season 4)
René Balcer, Michael S. Chernunchin, Arthur W. Forney, Lewis H. Gould, Walon Green, Jeffrey Hayes, Robert Nathan, Ed Sherin, and Dick Wolf
NBC

Northern Exposure
(Season 5)
Cheryl Bloch, Martin Bruestle, David Chase, Michael Fresco, Diane Frolov, Robin Green, Barbara Hall, Jeff Melvoin, Andrew Schneider, and Michael Vittes
CBS

NYPD Blue
(Season 1)
Burton Armus, Steven Bochco, Steven DePaul, Robert Doherty, Gregory Hoblit, Ted Mann, David Milch, Michael M. Robin, and Gardner Stern
ABC

Star Trek: The Next Generation
(Season 7)
Rick Berman, Brannon Braga, Merri Howard, Peter Lauritson, David Livingston, Ronald D. Moore, Wendy Neuss, Michael Piller, and Jeri Taylor
Syndicated

1994–1995
(47th)
[49]

NYPD Blue
(Season 2)
Burton Armus, Steven Bochco, Bill Clark, Steven DePaul, Robert Doherty, Charles H. Eglee, Channing Gibson, Walon Green, Gregory Hoblit, Ted Mann, David Milch, Michael M. Robin, Gardner Stern, and Mark Tinker
ABC

Chicago Hope
(Season 1)
Michael Braverman, Dennis Cooper, Rob Corn, Michael Dinner, David E. Kelley, James C. Hart, John Heath, Michael Pressman, and John Tinker
CBS

ER
(Season 1)
Christopher Chulack, Michael Crichton, Mimi Leder, Paul Manning, Dennis Murphy, Robert Nathan, John Wells, and Lydia Woodward
NBC

Law & Order
(Season 5)
René Balcer, Michael S. Chernuchin, Arthur W. Forney, Lewis H. Gould, Jeffrey Hayes, Mark B. Perry, Ed Sherin, Dick Wolf, and Ed Zuckerman

The X-Files
(Season 2)
Chris Carter, executive producer; R.W. Goodwin, Glen Morgan, and James Wong, co-executive producers; Howard Gordon, supervising producer; Paul Rabwin, co-producer; Rob Bowman, Joseph Patrick Finn, Kim Manners, and David Nutter, producers
FOX

1995–1996
(48th)
[50]

ER
(Season 2)
Christopher Chulack, Michael Crichton, Carol Flint, Mimi Leder, Paul Manning, Wendy Spence, John Wells, Lydia Woodward
NBC

Chicago Hope
(Season 2)
Kevin Arkadle, Rob Corn, Bill D'Elia, Michael Dinner, Patricia Green, James C. Hart, John Heath, David E. Kelley, and John Tinker
CBS

Law & Order
(Season 6)
René Balcer, Michael S. Chernuchin, Arthur W. Forney, Billy Fox, Morgan Gendel, Lewis H. Gould, Jeffrey Hayes, Ed Sherin, Dick Wolf, and Ed Zuckerman
NBC

NYPD Blue
(Season 3)
Steven Bochco, Bill Clark, Steven DePaul, Robert Doherty, David Milch, Theresa Rebeck, Michael M. Robin, Gardner Stern, and Mark Tinker
ABC

The X-Files
(Season 3)
Rob Bowman, Chris Carter, Joseph Patrick Finn, R.W. Goodwin, Howard Gordon, Kim Manners, and Paul Rabwin
FOX

1996–1997
(49th)
[51]

Law & Order
(Season 7)
René Balcer, Arthur W. Forney, Billy Fox, Lewis H. Gould, Jeffrey Hayes, Jeremy R. Littman, Ed Sherin, Gardner Stern, Dick Wolf, and Ed Zuckerman
NBC

Chicago Hope
(Season 3)
Rob Corn, Bill D'Elia, James C. Hart, John Heath, Tim Kring, Dawn Prestwich, John Tinker, and Nicole Yorkin
CBS

ER
(Season 3)
Penny Adams, Neal Baer, Christopher Chulack, Michael Crichton, Carol Flint, Lance Gentile, Paul Manning, Wendy Spence, John Wells, and Lydia Woodward
NBC

NYPD Blue
(Season 4)
Steven Bochco, Bill Clark, Steven DePaul, Robert Doherty, David Milch, David Mills, Theresa Rebeck, Michael M. Robin, Mark Tinker, and Michael Watkins
ABC

The X-Files
(Season 4)
Chris Carter, R.W. Goodwin, and Howard Gordon, executive producers; Ken Horton, Glen Morgan, and James Wong, consulting producers; Vince Gilligan, Paul Rabwin, and Frank Spotnitz, co-producers; Lori Jo Nemhauser, associate producer; Rob Bowman, Joseph Patrick Finn, and Kim Manners, producers
FOX

1997–1998
(50th)
[52]

The Practice
(Season 2)
Robert Breech, David E. Kelley, Jeffrey Kramer, Christina Musrey, Jonathan Pontell, Ed Redlich, Gary Strangis, Alice West, and Pam Wisne
ABC

ER
(Season 4)
Penny Adams, Neal Baer, Christopher Chulack, Michael Crichton, Carol Flint, Lance Gentile, Walon Green, David Mills, Jack Orman, Tom Park, Wendy Spence Rosato, John Wells, and Lydia Woodward
NBC

Law & Order
(Season 8)
René Balcer, David Black, William N. Fordes, Arthur W. Forney, Billy Fox, Lewis H. Gould, Jeffrey Hayes, Kathy McCormick, I.C. Rapoport, Ed Sherin, David Shore, Richard Sweren, and Dick Wolf

NYPD Blue
(Season 5)
Kevin Arkadie, Paris Barclay, Steven Bochco, Bill Clark, Steven DePaul, Robert Doherty, David Milch, and Mark Tinker
ABC

The X-Files
(Season 5)
Chris Carter, R.W. Goodwin, Paul Rabwin, and John Shiban, executive producers; Frank Spotnitz, co-executive producer; Vince Gilligan, supervising producer; Ken Horton, consulting producer; Lori Jo Nemhauser, co-producer; Rob Bowman, Joseph Patrick Finn, and Kim Manners, producers
FOX

1998–1999
(51st)
[53]

The Practice
(Season 3)
Robert Breech, David E. Kelley, Jeffrey Kramer, Christina Musrey, Gary Strangis, and Pam Wisne
ABC

ER
(Season 5)
Penny Adams, Neal Baer, Christopher Chulack, Michael Crichton, Carol Flint, Jonathan Kaplan, Jack Orman, Tom Park, Wendy Spence Rosato, John Wells, and Lydia Woodward
NBC

Law & Order
(Season 9)
René Balcer, William N. Fordes, Billy Fox, Lewis H. Gould, Jeffrey Hayes, Kathy McCormick, Ed Sherin, David Shore, Richard Sweren, Dick Wolf, and Ed Zuckerman

NYPD Blue
(Season 6)
Paris Barclay, Steven Bochco, Bill Clark, Steven DePaul, Robert Doherty, Leonard Gardner, David Milch, Doug Palau, Meredith Stiehm, Mark Tinker, and Nicholas Wootton
ABC

The Sopranos
(Season 1)
Mitchell Burgess, David Chase, Allen Coulter, Robin Green, Brad Grey, Ilene S. Landress, and Frank Renzulli
HBO

text:
Year
Program
Producers
Network

1999–2000
(52nd)
[54]

The West Wing
(Season 1)
Aaron Sorkin, Thomas Schlamme, and John Wells, executive producers; Kristin Harms, Llewellyn Wells, producers
NBC

ER
(Season 6)
John Wells, Michael Crichton, and Lydia Woodward, executive producers; Neal Baer and Jack Orman, co-executive producers; R. Scott Gemmill, supervising producer; Penny Adams, Patrick Harbinson, Jonathan Kaplan, Wendy Spence Rosato, and Richard Thorpe, producers
NBC

Law & Order
(Season 10)
Dick Wolf, René Balcer, and Ed Sherin, executive producers; Jeffrey Hayes and Kathy McCormick, co-executive producers; Billy Fox and Richard Sweren, supervising producers; William N. Fordes, Lynn Mamet, Barry Schindel, and Lewis H. Gould, producers

The Practice
(Season 4)
David E. Kelley, executive producer; Bob Breech, co-executive producer; Jeffrey Kramer, Christina Musrey, Gary M. Strangis, and Pamela Wisne, producers
ABC

The Sopranos
(Season 2)
David Chase, Mitchell Burgess, Robin Green, and Brad Grey, executive producers; Frank Renzulli, co-executive producer; Martin Bruestle, Allen Coulter, Todd A. Kessler, Ilene S. Landress, and Terence Winter, producers
HBO

2000–2001
(53rd)
[55]

The West Wing
(Season 2)
Aaron Sorkin, Thomas Schlamme, and John Wells, executive producers; Kevin Falls, co-executive producer; Kristin Harms, Michael Hissrich, Lawrence O'Donnell, Jr., and Llewellyn Wells, producers
NBC

ER
(Season 7)
John Wells, Neal Baer, Michael Crichton, and Jack Orman, executive producers; Meredith Stiehm, co-executive producer; R. Scott Gemmill and Dee Johnson, supervising producer; Jonathan Kaplan, Christopher Misiano, Wendy Spence Rosato, Joe Sachs, and Richard Thorpe, producers
NBC

Law & Order
(Season 11)
Dick Wolf, William Finkelstein, Jeffrey Hayes, Arthur Penn, and Barry Schindel and executive producers; Arthur Forney, Kathy McCormick, and Richard Sweren, co-executive producers; William Fordes and Lynn Mamet, supervising producers; Lewis Gould, Kati Johnston, and Gary Karr, producers

The Practice
(Season 5)
David E. Kelley and Robert Breech, executive producer; Joseph Berger-Davis, Christina Musrey, supervising producer; Todd Kessler, Gary Strangis, and Pamela Wisne, producers
ABC

The Sopranos
(Season 3)
David Chase, Mitchell Burgess, Robin Green, and Brad Grey, executive producers; Ilene Landress, co-executive producer; Terence Winter, supervising producer; Henry Bronchtein, Martin Bruestle, and Todd Kessler, producers
HBO

2001–2002
(54th)
[56]

The West Wing
(Season 3)
Aaron Sorkin, Thomas Schlamme, and John Wells, executive producers; Kevin Falls, co-executive producer; Alex Graves and Christopher Misiano, supervising producers; Kristin Harms, Michael Hissrich, and Llewellyn Wells, producers
NBC

24
(Season 1)
Joel Surnow, Robert Cochran, Brian Grazer, and Tony Krantz, executive producers; Howard Gordon and Stephen Hopkins, co-executive producers; Cyrus Yavneh, producer
FOX

CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
(Season 2)
Jerry Bruckheimer, Anthony Zuiker, Ann Donahue, and Carol Mendelsohn, executive producers; Jonathan Littman and Sam Strangis, co-executive producers; Danny Cannon, Cindy Chvatal, and William Petersen, supervising producers
CBS

Law & Order
(Season 12)
Dick Wolf, Jeffrey Hayes, Peter Jankowski, and Barry Schindel executive producers; Arthur Forney, Lewis H. Gould, Eric Overmyer, and Richard Sweren, co-executive producers; William N. Fordes and Lynn Mamet, supervising producers; Wendy Battles, Gary Karr, Roz Weinman, and Kati Johnston, producers
NBC

Six Feet Under
(Seasons 1–2)
Alan Ball, Robert Greenblatt, David Janollari, and Alan Poul, executive producers; Bruce Eric Kaplan and Christian Williams, co-executive producers; Laurence Andries, Scott Buck, Rick Cleveland, supervising producers; Jill Soloway and Christian Taylor, producers
HBO

2002–2003
(55th)
[57]

The West Wing
(Season 4)
Aaron Sorkin, Thomas Schlamme, and John Wells, executive producers; Kevin Falls, Alex Graves, Christopher Misiano, and Llewellyn Wells, co-executive producers; Paul Redford, supervising producer; Neal Ahern, Jr. and Kristin Harms, producers
NBC

24
(Season 2)
Joel Surnow, Robert Cochran, Howard Gordon, Brian Grazer, and Tony Krantz, executive producers; Jon Cassar, Michael Loceff, Norman Powell, Kiefer Sutherland, producers
FOX

CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
(Season 3)
Jerry Bruckheimer, Anthony Zuiker, Danny Cannon, Ann Donahue, and Carol Mendelsohn, executive producers; Cindy Chvatal, Jonathan Littman, William Petersen, and Naren Shankar, co-executive producers; Andrew Lipsitz, supervising producer; Josh Berman, Ken Fink, Richard Lewis, and Louis Milito, producers
CBS

Six Feet Under
(Season 3)
Alan Ball, Robert Greenblatt, David Janollari, and Alan Poul, executive producers; Bruce Eric Kaplan, co-executive producer; Scott Buck, Rick Cleveland, and Jill Soloway, supervising producers; Robert Del Valle and Lori Jo Nemhauser, and Kate Robin, producers
HBO

The Sopranos
(Season 4)
David Chase, Mitchell Burgess, Robin Green, Brad Grey, and Ilene S. Landress, executive producers; Terence Winter, co-executive producer; Henry J. Bronchtein and Martin Bruestle, producers

2003–2004
(56th)
[58]

The Sopranos
(Season 5)
David Chase, Mitchell Burgess, Robin Green, Brad Grey, Ilene S. Landress, and Terence Winter, executive producers; Henry J. Bronchtein, co-executive producer; Matthew Weiner, supervising producer; Martin Bruestle, producer
HBO

24
(Season 3)
Joel Surnow, Robert Cochran, Howard Gordon, Brian Grazer, and Tony Krantz, executive producers; Evan Katz and Kiefer Sutherland, co-executive producers; Michael Loceff, supervising producer; Jon Cassar, Tim Iacofano, and Stephen Kronish, producers
FOX

CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
(Season 4)
Jerry Bruckheimer, Anthony E. Zuiker, Danny Cannon, Cindy Chvatal, Ann Donahue, Jonathan Littman, Carol Mendelsohn, and William Petersen, executive producers; Andrew Lipsitz and Naren Shankar, co-executive producers; Josh Berman, supervising producer; Elizabeth Devine, Ken Fink, Bruce Golin, Richard Lewis, and Louis Milito, producers
CBS

Joan of Arcadia
(Season 1)
Barbara Hall and James Hayman, executive producers; Randy Anderson and Peter Schindler, co-executive producer; Tom Garrigus, producer

The West Wing
(Season 5)
John Wells, executive producer; Alex Graves, Christopher Misiano, and Llewellyn Wells, co-executive producers; Carol Flint, Alexa Junge, Peter Noah, Paul Redford, and John Sacret Young, supervising producers; Eli Attie, Kristin Harms, and Andrew Stearn, producers
NBC

2004–2005
(57th)
[59]

Lost
(Season 1)
J. J. Abrams, Jack Bender, Bryan Burk, Carlton Cuse, and Damon Lindelof, executive producers; Jesse Alexander and David Fury, co-executive producers; Javier Grillo-Marxuach, supervising producer; Sarah Caplan, Leonard Dick, and Jean Higgins, producers
ABC

24
(Season 4)
Joel Surnow, Robert Cochran, Howard Gordon, Brian Grazer, and Evan Katz, executive producers; Jon Cassar, Stephen Kronish, Peter M. Lenkov, Michael Loceff, and Kiefer Sutherland, co-executive producers; Tim Iacofano, producer
FOX

Deadwood
(Season 2)
David Milch and Gregg Fienberg, executive producers; Scott Stephens and Jody Worth, supervising producers; Ed Bianchi, Ted Mann, and Elizabeth Sarnoff, producers
HBO

Six Feet Under
(Season 4)
Alan Ball, Robert Greenblatt, David Janollari, Bruce Eric Kaplan, and Alan Poul, executive producers; Scott Buck and Rick Cleveland, co-executive producers; Jill Soloway, supervising producer; Robert Del Valle and Lori Jo Nemhauser, and Kate Robin, producers

The West Wing
(Season 6)
John Wells, Alex Graves, and Christopher Misiano, executive producer; Carol Flint, Peter Noah, and John Sacret Young, supervising producers; Eli Attie, Kristin Harms, Andrew Stearn, and Michael Hissrich, producers
NBC

2005–2006
(58th)
[60]

24
(Season 5)
Joel Surnow, Robert Cochran, Howard Gordon, Brian Grazer, and Evan Katz, executive producers; Jon Cassar, Manny Coto, David Fury, Michael Klick, Stephen Kronish, Michael Loceff, and Kiefer Sutherland, co-executive producers; Brad Turner, producer
FOX

Grey's Anatomy
(Season 2)
Shonda Rhimes, Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, and Jim Parriott, executive producers; Peter Horton, Krista Vernoff, and Mark Wilding, co-executive producers; Kip Koenig, Mimi Schmir, Gabrielle Stanton, and Harry Werksman, supervising producers; Tony Phelan, Joan Rater, and Rob Corn, producers
ABC

House
(Season 2)
David Shore, Bryan Singer, Paul Attanasio, Katie Jacobs, executive producers; Doris Egan, Russel Friend, Garrett Lerner, Thomas L. Moran, and David Semel, co-executive producers; Matt Witten, supervising producer; Lawrence Kaplow and Gerrit van der Meer, producers
FOX

The Sopranos
(Season 6) [B]
David Chase, Brad Grey, Ilene S. Landress, and Terence Winter, executive producers; Henry J. Bronchtein and Matthew Weiner, co-executive producers; Diane Frolov and Andrew Schneider, supervising producer; Martin Bruestle and Gianna Maria Smart, producers
HBO

The West Wing
(Season 7)
John Wells, Alex Graves, Christopher Misiano, Peter Noah, and Lawrence O'Donnell Jr.. executive producer; Eli Attie, supervising producers; Debora Cahn, Kristin Harms, Andrew Stearn, Patrick Ward, and Michael Hissrich, producers
NBC

2006–2007
(59th)
[61]

The Sopranos
(Season 6) [B]
David Chase, Brad Grey, Ilene S. Landress, Terence Winter, and Matthew Weiner, executive producers; Henry J. Bronchtein, co-executive producer; Diane Frolov and Andrew Schneider, supervising producers; Martin Bruestle and Gianna Maria Smart, producers
HBO

Boston Legal
(Season 3)
David E. Kelley, Bill D'Elia, and Janet Leahy, executive producers; Mike Listo, co-executive producer; Steve Robin, supervising producer; Janet Knutsen McCann, producer
ABC

Grey's Anatomy
(Season 3)
Shonda Rhimes, Betsy Beers, Mark Gordon, Peter Horton, and Krista Vernoff, executive producers; Mark Wilding, Allan Heinberg and Tony Phelan, co-executive producers; Joan Rater, Debora Cahn, and Kip Koenig, supervising producers; Linda Klein, and Rob Corn, producers

Heroes
(Season 1)
Tim Kring, Dennis Hammer, and Allan Arkush, executive producers; Greg Beeman, Jesse Alexander, Jeph Loeb, Michael Green, Bryan Fuller, and Natalie Chaidez, co-executive producers; Adam Armus and Kay Foster, supervising producers; Jim Chory, producer
NBC

House
(Season 3)
David Shore, Katie Jacobs, Paul Attanasio, Bryan Singer, Daniel Sackheim, executive producers; Russel Friend, Garrett Lerner, Thomas L. Moran, Doris Egan, co-executive producers; Peter Blake and Leonard Dick, supervising producers; Lawrence Kaplow and Gerrit van der Meer, producers
FOX

2007–2008
(60th)
[62]

Mad Men
(Season 1)
Matthew Weiner, executive producer; Tom Palmer, co-executive producer; Scott Hornbacher, Lisa Albert, Andre Jacquemetton, Maria Jacquemetton, producers
AMC

Boston Legal
(Season 4)
David E. Kelley and Bill D'Elia, executive producers; Mike Listo and Lawrence Broch, co-executive producers; Steve Robin, supervising producer; Janet Knutsen, producer
ABC

Damages
(Season 1)
Todd A. Kessler, Glenn Kessler, Daniel Zelman, and Mark A. Baker, executive producers
FX

Dexter
(Season 2)
John Goldwyn, Sara Colleton, Clyde Phillips, Daniel Cerone, executive producers; Melissa Rosenberg, Scott Buck, co-executive producers; Robert Lloyd Lewis, producer
Showtime

House
(Season 4)
David Shore, Bryan Singer, Paul Attanasio, Katie Jacobs, Russel Friend, Garrett Lerner, and Thomas L. Moran, executive producers; Gerrit van der Meer, Peter Blake, Eli Attie, Doris Egan, and Deran Sarafian, co-executive producers; Leonard Dick, supervising producer; Marcy Kaplan, producer
FOX

Lost
(Season 4)
J. J. Abrams, Damon Lindelof, Carlton Cuse, Bryan Burk, and Jack Bender, executive producers; Edward Kitsis, Adam Horowitz, Drew Goddard, Stephen Williams, and Jean Higgins, co-executive producers; Elizabeth Sarnoff, supervising producer; Pat Churchill and Ra'uf Glasgow, producers
ABC

2008–2009
(61st)
[63]

Mad Men
(Season 2)
Matthew Weiner, executive producer; Scott Hornbacher, co-executive producer; Andre Jacquemetton, Maria Jacquemetton, and Lisa Albert, supervising producer
AMC

Big Love
(Season 3)
Mark V. Olsen, Will Scheffer, Tom Hanks, Gary Goetzman, and David Knoller, executive producers; Bernadette Caulfield, co-executive producer; Steve Turner, producer
HBO

Breaking Bad
(Season 2)
Vince Gilligan and Mark Johnson, executive producers; Melissa Bernstein, Stewart A Lyons, and Karen Moore, producers
AMC

Damages
(Season 2)
Todd A. Kessler, Glenn Kessler, and Daniel Zelman, executive producers; Aaron Zelman, co-executive producer; Mark Baker, producer
FX

Dexter
(Season 3)
John Goldwyn, Sara Colleton, Clyde Phillips, and Charles H. Eglee, executive producers; Melissa Rosenberg and Scott Buck, co-executive producer; Tim Schlattmann, and Robert Lloyd Lewis, producers
Showtime

House
(Season 5)
David Shore, Bryan Singer, Paul Attanasio, Katie Jacobs, Russel Friend, Garrett Lerner, Thomas L. Moran, and Hugh Laurie, executive producers; Gerrit van der Meer, Peter Blake, Eli Attie, Doris Egan, Deran Sarafian, Leonard Dick, and Lawrence Kaplow, co-executive producers; Liz Friedman, supervising producer; David Foster, David Hoselton, and Marcy G. Kaplan, producer
FOX

Lost
(Season 5)
J. J. Abrams, Jack Bender, Bryan Burk, Carlton Cuse, Adam Horowitz, Edward Kitsis, and Damon Lindelof, executive producers; Jean Higgins, Elizabeth Sarnoff, and Stephen Williams, co-executive producers; Paul Zbyszewski, supervising producer; Pat Churchill, Ra'uf Glasgow, and Brian K. Vaughan, producers
ABC

text:
Year
Program
Producers
Network

2009–2010
(62nd)
[64]

Mad Men
(Season 3)
Matthew Weiner and Scott Hornbacher, executive producers; Lisa Albert, supervising producer; Blake McCormick and Dwayne Shattuck, producers
AMC

Breaking Bad
(Season 3)
Vince Gilligan and Mark Johnson, executive producers; Michelle MacLaren, co-executive producer; Sam Catlin, supervising producer; Melissa Bernstein, Peter Gould, George Mastras, Tom Schnauz, and Stewart A. Lyons, producers
AMC

Dexter
(Season 4)
John Goldwyn, Sara Colleton, Clyde Phillips, Charles H. Eglee, Melissa Rosenberg, and Scott Buck, executive producers; Tim Schlattmann and Wendy West, supervising producers; Lauren Gussis, and Robert Lloyd Lewis, producers
Showtime

The Good Wife
(Season 1)
Robert King, Michelle King, Ridley Scott, Tony Scott, David W. Zucker, and Brooke Kennedy, executive producers; Todd Ellis Kessler and Ted Humphrey, co-executive producers
CBS

Lost
(Season 6)
Damon Lindelof, J. J. Abrams, Carlton Cuse, Edward Kitsis, Adam Horowitz, Elizabeth Sarnoff, Jack Bender, Bryan Burk, and Jean Higgins, executive producers; Paul Zbyszewski, co-executive producer; Melinda Hsu Taylor and Ra'uf Glasgow, producers
ABC

True Blood
(Season 2)
Alan Ball and Gregg Fienberg, executive producers; Brian Buckner and Nancy Oliver, co-executive producers; Alexander Woo, supervising producer; Raelle Tucker, and Mark McNair, producers
HBO

2010–2011
(63rd)
[65]

Mad Men
(Season 4)
Matthew Weiner and Scott Hornbacher, executive producers; Andre Jacquemetton and Maria Jacquemetton, co-executive producers; Dahvi Waller, Jonathan Abrahams, Dwayne Shattuck, and Blake McCormick, producers
AMC

Boardwalk Empire
(Season 1)
Terence Winter, Martin Scorsese, Mark Wahlberg, Stephen Levinson, and Tim Van Patten, executive producers; Eugene Kelly and Lawrence Konner, co-executive producers; Howard Korder and Margaret Nagle, supervising producers; Rick Yorn and Rudd Simmons, producers
HBO

Dexter
(Season 5)
John Goldwyn, Sara Colleton, Chip Johannessen, Manny Coto, Scott Buck, and Michael C. Hall, executive producers; Tim Schlattmann and Wendy West, co-executive producers; Lauren Gussis, supervising producer; Robert Lloyd Lewis, producer
Showtime

Friday Night Lights
(Season 5)
Brian Grazer, David Nevins, Peter Berg, Sarah Aubrey, David Hudgins, and Jason Katims, executive producers; John Cameron, Patrick Massett, John Zinman, and Bridget Carpenter, co-executive producers; Rolin Jones, supervising producer; Ron Fitzgerald, Michael Waxman, Kerry Ehrin, and Nan Bernstein Freed, producers
DirecTV

Game of Thrones
(Season 1)
David Benioff, D. B. Weiss, executive producers; George R. R. Martin, Vince Gerardis, Ralph Vicinanza, Guymon Casady, and Carolyn Strauss, co-executive producers; Frank Doelger and Mark Huffam, producers
HBO

The Good Wife
(Season 2)
Ridley Scott, Tony Scott, Robert King, Michelle King, David W. Zucker, and Brooke Kennedy, executive producers; Ted Humphrey, Leonard Dick, and Keith Eisner, co-executive producers; Courtney Kemp Agboh and Corinne Brinkerhoff, producers
CBS

2011–2012
(64th)
[66]

Homeland
(Season 1)
Alex Gansa, Howard Gordon, Michael Cuesta, Gideon Raff, Avi Nir, and Ran Tellem, executive producers; Chip Johannessen and Alexander Cary, co-executive producers, Henry Bromell and Meredith Stiehm, consulting producers; and Michael Klick, producer
Showtime

Boardwalk Empire
(Season 2)
Terence Winter, Martin Scorsese, Mark Wahlberg, Stephen Levinson, and Tim Van Patten, executive producers; Eugene Kelly and Howard Korder, co-executive producers; Rick Yorn and Joe Iberti, producers
HBO

Breaking Bad
(Season 4)
Vince Gilligan, Mark Johnson, and Michelle MacLaren, executive producers; Melissa Bernstein and Sam Catlin co-executive producer; Peter Gould, George Mastras, and Tom Schnauz, supervising producers; Moira Walley-Beckett, Bryan Cranston, Diane Mercer, and Stewart A. Lyons, producers
AMC

Downton Abbey
(Season 2)
Gareth Neame, Julian Fellowes, and Rebecca Eaton, executive producers; and Liz Trubridge, producer
PBS

Game of Thrones
(Season 2)
David Benioff, D. B. Weiss, Frank Doelger, and Carolyn Strauss, executive producers; George R. R. Martin, Vanessa Taylor, Alan Taylor, Guymon Casady and Vince Gerardis, co-executive producers, and Bernadette Caulfield, producers
HBO

Mad Men
(Season 5)
Matthew Weiner, Scott Hornbacher, Andre Jacquemetton, and Maria Jacquemetton, executive producers; Victor Levin, co-executive producer; and Jon Hamm and Blake McCormick, producers
AMC

2012–2013
(65th)
[67]

Breaking Bad
(Season 5) [C]
Vince Gilligan, Mark Johnson, and Michelle MacLaren, executive producers; Melissa Bernstein and Sam Catlin, Peter Gould, George Mastras, and Tom Schnauz, co-executive producer; Moira Walley-Beckett, supervising producer; Bryan Cranston, Diane Mercer, and Stewart A. Lyons, producers
AMC

Downton Abbey
(Season 3)
Gareth Neame, Julian Fellowes, executive producers; Nigel Marchant, co-executive producer; and Liz Trubridge, producer
PBS

Game of Thrones
(Season 3)
David Benioff, D. B. Weiss, Carolyn Strauss, Frank Doelger, and Bernadette Caulfield, executive producers; Guymon Casady, Vince Gerardis, George R. R. Martin, and Vanessa Taylor, co-executive producers; Chris Newman, and Greg Spence, producers
HBO

Homeland
(Season 2)
Alex Gansa, Howard Gordon, Michael Cuesta, Gideon Raff, Avi Nir, Ran Tellem, Meredith Stiehm, Chip Johannessen, Alexander Cary, and Henry Bromell, executive producers; and Michael Klick, producer
Showtime

House of Cards
(Season 1)
David Fincher, Joshua Donen, Eric Roth, Beau Willimon, John Melfi, Kevin Spacey, Dana Brunetti, Michael Dobbs, and Andrew Davies, executive producers; Sarah Treem, co-executive producer; Keith Huff, and Karyn McCarthy, producers
Netflix

Mad Men
(Season 6)
Matthew Weiner, Scott Hornbacher, Andre Jacquemetton, Maria Jacquemetton, and Janet Leahy, executive producers; Semi Chellas, supervising producers; Jon Hamm, Blake McCormick, and Erin Levy, producers
AMC

2013–2014
(66th)
[68]

Breaking Bad
(Season 5) [C]
Vince Gilligan, Mark Johnson, and Michelle MacLaren, executive producers; Melissa Bernstein, Sam Catlin, Peter Gould, George Mastras, Tom Schnauz, and Moira Walley-Beckett co-executive producers; Bryan Cranston and Diane Mercer and Stewart A. Lyons, producers
AMC

Downton Abbey
(Season 4)
Gareth Neame, Julian Fellowes, and Liz Trubridge, executive producers; Nigel Marchant, co-executive producer; and Rupert Ryle-Hodges, producer
PBS

Game of Thrones
(Season 4)
David Benioff, D. B. Weiss, Carolyn Strauss, Frank Doelger, and Bernadette Caulfield, executive producers; Guymon Casady, Vince Gerardis, and George R. R. Martin, co-executive producers; Chris Newman, and Greg Spence, producers
HBO

House of Cards
(Season 2)
Beau Willimon, Joshua Donen, Eric Roth, David Fincher, Kevin Spacey, Dana Brunetti, Andrew Davies, Michael Dobbs, and David Manson, executive producers; John Mankiewicz and Robert Zotnowski, co-executive producers; and Iain Paterson, producer
Netflix

Mad Men
(Season 7) [D]
Matthew Weiner, Scott Hornbacher, and Janet Leahy, executive producers; Semi Chellas, co-executive producer; Erin Levy, supervising producer; and Jon Hamm, Blake McCormick, and Tom Smuts, producers
AMC

True Detective
(Season 1)
Nic Pizzolatto, Cary Joji Fukunaga, Scott Stephens, Steve Golin, Woody Harrelson, Matthew McConaughey, and Richard Brown, executive producers; and Carol Cuddy, producer
HBO

2014–2015
(67th)
[69]

Game of Thrones
(Season 5)
David Benioff, D. B. Weiss, Carolyn Strauss, Frank Doelger, and Bernadette Caulfield, executive producers; Guymon Casady, Vince Gerardis, and George R. R. Martin, co-executive producers; Chris Newman, Greg Spence, Lisa McAtackney, and Bryan Cogman, producers
HBO

Better Call Saul
(Season 1)
Vince Gilligan, Peter Gould, Mark Johnson, and Melissa Bernstein, executive producers; Thomas Schnauz and Stewart A. Lyons, co-executive producers; Gennifer Hutchinson, supervising producer; Diane Mercer, Nina Jack, and Bob Odenkirk, producer
AMC

Downton Abbey
(Season 5)
Gareth Neame, Julian Fellowes, Nigel Marchant, and Liz Trubridge, executive producers; and Chris Croucher, producer
PBS

Homeland
(Season 4)
Alex Gansa, Howard Gordon, Lesli Linka Glatter, Gideon Raff, Avi Nir, Ran Tellem, Meredith Stiehm, Chip Johannessen, Alexander Cary, executive producers; Patrick Harbinson and Michael Klick, co-executive producers; Claire Danes and Lauren White, producers
Showtime

House of Cards
(Season 3)
Beau Willimon, Joshua Donen, Eric Roth, David Fincher, Kevin Spacey, Dana Brunetti, Andrew Davies, Michael Dobbs, and John David Coles, executive producers; John Mankiewicz and Robert Zotnowski, co-executive producers; and Jay Carson, producer; and Karen Moore, produced by
Netflix

Mad Men
(Season 7) [D]
Matthew Weiner, Scott Hornbacher, and Janet Leahy, executive producers; Semi Chellas, co-executive producer; Erin Levy, supervising producer; and Jon Hamm, Blake McCormick, and Tom Smuts, producers
AMC

Orange Is the New Black
(Season 2)
Jenji Kohan, executive producer; Mark A. Burley, Sara Hess, Michael Trim and Lisa I. Vinnecour, co-executive producers; and Tera Herrmann, producer; and Neri Kyle Tannenbaum, produced by
Netflix

2015–2016
(68th)
[70]

Game of Thrones
(Season 6)
David Benioff, D. B. Weiss, Carolyn Strauss, Frank Doelger, and Bernadette Caulfield, executive producers; Vince Gerardis, Guymon Casady, and George R. R. Martin, co-executive producers; Bryan Cogman, supervising producer; and Chris Newman, Greg Spence, and Lisa McAtackney, producers
HBO

The Americans
(Season 4)
Joe Weisberg, Joel Fields, Graham Yost, Darryl Frank, Justin Falvey, and Chris Long, executive producers; Stephen Schiff, co-executive producers; and Mary Rae Thewlis, produced by
FX

Better Call Saul
(Season 2)
Vince Gilligan, Peter Gould, Mark Johnson, Melissa Bernstein, and Thomas Schnauz, executive producers; Gennifer Hutchison, co-executive producer; Nina Jack, supervising producer; Diane Mercer, and Bob Odenkirk, producers; and Robin Sweet, produced by
AMC

Downton Abbey
(Season 6)
Gareth Neame, Julian Fellowes, Liz Trubridge, and Nigel Marchant, executive producers; and Chris Croucher, producer
PBS

Homeland
(Season 5)
Alex Gansa, Howard Gordon, Chip Johannessen, Lesli Linka Glatter, Meredith Stiehm, Avi Nir, Ran Telem, Gideon Raff, and Patrick Harbinson, executive producers; Michael Klick, Claire Danes, Ron Nyswaner, Ted Mann, and Benjamin Cavell, co-executive producers; and Lauren White, Katie O'Hara, producers
Showtime

House of Cards
(Season 4)
Beau Willimon, Andrew Davies, Michael Dobbs, Robin Wright, Kevin Spacey, Dana Brunetti, Josh Donen, Eric Roth, and David Fincher, executive producers; John Mankiewicz, and Robert Zotnowski, co-executive producers; Jay Carson, and Frank Pugliese, supervising producers; Hameed Shaukat, producer; and Boris Malden, produced by
Netflix

Mr. Robot
(Season 1)
Sam Esmail, Chad Hamilton, and Steve Golin, executive producers; Kyle Bradstreet, and David Iserson, supervising producers; and Margo Myers Massey, produced by
USA

2016–2017
(69th)
[71]

The Handmaid's Tale
(Season 1)
Bruce Miller, Warren Littlefield, Daniel Wilson, Fran Sears and Ilene Chaiken, executive producers; Sheila Hockin, Eric Tuchman, Frank Siracusa and John Weber, co-executive producers; Kira Snyder, supervising producer; Elisabeth Moss, producer; Joseph Boccia, produced by; Leila Gerstein, consulting producer
Hulu

Better Call Saul
(Season 3)
Vince Gilligan, Peter Gould, Mark Johnson, Melissa Bernstein, Thomas Schnauz and Gennifer Hutchison, executive producers; Nina Jack and Diane Mercer, co-executive producers; Bob Odenkirk, Jonathan Glatzer and Gordon Smith, producers; Robin Sweet, produced by
AMC

The Crown
(Season 1)
Peter Morgan, Stephen Daldry, Andy Harries, Philip Martin, Suzanne Mackie, Matthew Byam-Shaw, Robert Fox and Tanya Seghatchian, executive producers; Andrew Eaton, producer
Netflix

House of Cards
(Season 5)
Andrew Davies, Michael Dobbs, Robin Wright, Kevin Spacey, Dana Brunetti, Josh Donen, Eric Roth, David Fincher, John Mankiewicz, Frank Pugliese, Daniel Minahan and Melissa James Gibson, executive producers; Robert Zotnowski, co-executive producer; Kenneth Lin and Hameed Shaukat, supervising producers; Laura Eason and Bill Kennedy, producers; Boris Malden, produced by

Stranger Things
(Season 1)
The Duffer Brothers, Dan Cohen and Shawn Levy, executive producers; Iain Paterson, co-executive producer

This Is Us
(Season 1)
Dan Fogelman, Jess Rosenthal, John Requa, Glenn Ficarra, Ken Olin, Donald Todd and Charles Gogolak, executive producers; KJ Steinberg, Isaac Aptaker, Elizabeth Berger, Joe Lawson and Steve Beers, co-executive producers; Vera Herbert and Bekah Brunstetter, producers
NBC

Westworld
(Season 1)
J. J. Abrams, Jonathan Nolan, Lisa Joy and Bryan Burk, executive producers; Athena Wickham, Kathy Lingg, Richard J. Lewis, Roberto Patino and Katherine Lingenfelter, co-executive producers; Cherylanne Martin, producer
HBO

text: Total awards by network[edit]

text:
NBC – 21
CBS – 18
ABC – 9

AMC – 6
HBO – 4
PBS – 4

Fox – 1
Hulu – 1
KECA-TV – 1
NET – 1
Showtime – 1

text: Programs with multiple awards[edit]

text:
4 awards

Hill Street Blues (consecutive)
L.A. Law (3 consecutive)
Mad Men (consecutive)
The West Wing (consecutive)

3 awards

The Defenders (consecutive)
Playhouse 90 (consecutive)
Upstairs, Downstairs (2 consecutive)

2 awards

Breaking Bad (consecutive)
Cagney and Lacey (consecutive)
Game of Thrones (consecutive)
Lou Grant (consecutive)
Mission: Impossible (consecutive)
Picket Fences (consecutive)
The Practice (consecutive)
The Sopranos
The United States Steel Hour (consecutive)

text: Programs with multiple nominations[edit]

text:
11 nominations

Law & Order

8 nominations

Mad Men

7 nominations

ER
The Sopranos
Studio One
The West Wing

6 nominations

Game of Thrones
Hill Street Blues
L.A. Law
NYPD Blue
St. Elsewhere

5 nominations

24
Breaking Bad
Downton Abbey
Cagney & Lacey
Columbo
House of Cards
Lou Grant

4 nominations

Dexter
Homeland
House
Lost
Northern Exposure
The Philco-Goodyear Television
Playhouse
The Practice
thirtysomething
The X-Files

3 nominations

Better Call Saul
Chicago Hope
China Beach
CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
The Defenders
Fame
Family
I Spy
Ironside
Magnum, P.I.
Marcus Welby, M.D.
Mission: Impossible
Murder, She Wrote
Naked City
Playhouse 90
Police Story
Quantum Leap
Robert Montgomery Presents
The Rockford Files
Six Feet Under
The Streets of San Francisco
The United States Steel Hour
Upstairs, Downstairs
The Waltons

2 nominations

Alfred Hitchcock Presents
The Avengers
Baretta
Beauty and the Beast
Boardwalk Empire
Boston Legal
Celanese Theatre
Dallas
Damages
The Dick Powell Show
The Good Wife
Grey's Anatomy
I'll Fly Away
Kojak
Kraft Television Theatre
Moonlighting
Picket Fences
Pulitzer Prize Playhouse
Quincy, M.E.
Star Trek: The Original Series
The Untouchables
The White Shadow

text: Notes[edit]


document_title: April Ludgate

question_text: who does april marry in parks and rec

question_tokens: who does april marry in parks and rec

text: April Ludgate

text: Background[edit]

text: April Ludgate is a college student who starts out working as an intern in the Pawnee parks and recreation department. April is extremely uninterested in the job, regularly napping at her desk and texting constantly, and acts very dry and sarcastic around her co-workers. She was assigned the internship because she overslept on intern sign-up date, which she blamed on her sister Natalie for not waking her up.[3][4] April is of English and Puerto Rican descent (she claims that this explains her 'lively and colorful' personality), and she speaks and understands Spanish fairly well as a result.[5]  Her family refers to her as Zuzu.

text: April was responsible for uploading the staff bios onto the Pawnee parks and recreation site,[6] and she jokingly made a fictional bio for herself that reads as follows:

text:
“

April Ludgate-Dwyer was born in Björk’s house in Iceland and grew up on Easter Island, where her parents were giant stone heads. She has the ability to fire beams of tacos out of her hands and she can turn her legs into tigers.
On Sundays, April enjoys reading Family Circus and traveling through time. Her favorite color is greenish-transparent and her favorite movie is the one you just watched. April is in charge of uploading the staff bios to the website, and no one has checked over her work.[6]

”

text: While picking Spirit dogs in season six, Donna described her as follows:

text:
“

"You're beautiful yet cold and aloof. You pride yourself on being a loner. You do not obey, you choose to cooperate. And when you stop baring your fangs to pick a mate, it's for life. And you're fiercely loyal to your pack. Which makes you a rare black Siberian husky."

”

text: Character arc[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: April starts as a 19-year-old intern at the parks department who is somewhat rebellious and is often annoyed by her fellow parks department workers. For the first two seasons, her boyfriend was Derek, who is openly bisexual and who simultaneously dates an openly gay college student named Ben, whom April dislikes. (Aubrey Plaza herself came up with the idea of her character's boyfriend being bisexual and her boyfriend himself dating another guy.)[7]

text: Season 2[edit]

text: Although still dating her openly bisexual boyfriend, Derek, who is still dating his gay boyfriend, Ben, April begins to develop a crush on Andy Dwyer (who works at city hall), the ex-boyfriend of Ann Perkins.[8] Andy is able to make April smile, which is something she rarely does.[9] April flirts with Andy and even convinces Andy to let her give him hickeys on his neck in order to make Ann jealous, but Andy nevertheless remains unaware of her feelings toward him.[10] In order to remain close to Andy, April volunteers to work as Ron's assistant, ending her time as an intern and establishing a full-time position at the Pawnee town hall.[11] April finally breaks up with Derek after he makes fun of Andy and gives her a hard time about spending too much time with him.[12] Toward the end of the season Andy and April's relationship begins to grow to the point that he begins to reciprocate her feelings but their age difference continues to be a wedge between them. They admit their mutual attraction to each other in the season finale, but she tells him she does not want to get involved with him due to what she perceives as his lasting feelings for Ann. She changes her mind after he gets into a car accident and the two kiss for the first time, but she leaves abruptly after he reveals Ann kissed him just two minutes earlier.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: April traveled to Venezuela between seasons but has returned to Pawnee to continue her job at the Parks Dept. and has a new Spanish-speaking Venezuelan boyfriend, Eduardo. April eventually breaks up with Eduardo after he becomes friends with Andy because Eduardo was used only to make Andy jealous. April tells Andy to do all of the things she hates doing for her for a month. After only one day of him doing this, April kisses Andy.  Andy and April decide to get married in "April and Andy's Fancy Party" after only one month of dating. Andy had proposed to April the day before the party asking, "What if we got married tomorrow?" to which April replied, "Fine." They were married at their dinner party (which was actually a surprise ceremony) in front of their friends and family.[1][13] With a great deal of help from new housemate Ben Wyatt they have learned, to a limited extent, how to live and act like working adults.

text: Season 4[edit]

text: April and Andy throw a Halloween party at which Ron and Ann go around fixing all of the problems in her and Andy's house. She becomes a member of Leslie's campaign as the "youth outreach". April takes over a large portion of Leslie's duties in the Parks and Rec department towards the end of the season to allow Leslie to concentrate on the election. April is shown to somewhat enjoy and excel in this position. In "Bus Tour", April becomes legally known as April Ludgate-Dwyer.

text: Season 5[edit]

text: April is working as Ben's assistant at Washington D.C. as he successfully runs a congressional re-election campaign. She actively supports Andy while he tries to get into the Pawnee Police Department. Following her passion for animals, she develops plans to have Lot 48 become a dog park. She reveals that she wants to become a veterinarian and asks Ann to write her a recommendation letter.  April becomes Deputy Director of the Animal Control by suggesting it be absorbed into the Parks Department due to its inefficiency.

text: Season 6[edit]

text: At the beginning of Season 6, April is planning on attending Veterinary School; however, upon going to the orientation with Ann she realizes it is not what she wants to do. While she supports Andy for having a job away in London, she is very upset while he is away and misses him. She develops a closer relationship with Donna, and they both try to stop Tom leaving the Parks Department by being unhelpful as he searches for a property for his restaurant. However, they later feel guilty, and help him find the perfect place. When Andy returns, she actively supports him on playing music for children, deciding to become his manager. While she makes out she is excited that Ann is leaving Pawnee, the pair share a nostalgic farewell at the Pawnee Commons site in "Ann and Chris". Along with Andy, Tom and some other Pawnee youths, she comes up with the idea of holding a Unity concert celebrating the merger. In the season finale, April has Leslie named a founder of the revamped city of Pawnee and motivates her to convince the National Park Service to move the Midwest Branch to Pawnee, which allows Leslie and Ben to stay. In addition, it is revealed that April and Andy are still happily married in 2017, with April working for Leslie.

text: Season 7[edit]

text: It's 2017 and April laments, as time has passed and she has remained in her government career, she fears she and Andy are becoming ordinary and boring. While driving through the warehouse district, they spot a creepy old house with an equally creepy owner. He tells them it was a place for old factory workers who ended up going mad. They decide to purchase it. When Joan Callamezzo is honored by the mayor, April starts to feel that her life hasn't been fulfilled yet, and realises working in the Parks Department really isn't her dream job. In "Ms. Ludgate-Dwyer Goes to Washington", April is trying to find a way to tell Leslie that she wants to leave the Parks Department. When she finally tells Leslie, after a bit of reluctance, Leslie decides to help her. Leslie takes April to the American Service Foundation, which helps determine potential occupations for job-seekers. After April's meeting, April tells Leslie that she would like to work at the Foundation itself. April and Andy decide to relocate to Washington D.C when April gets an offer to work for the Foundation. However, she feels guilty for making Andy give up 'the best job he's ever had' working as Johnny Karate on his own TV show. Andy assures her that she is the best thing that ever happened to him and after all the support she has given him, helping him to become a children's entertainment phenomenon, she deserves his support in her search for happiness.

text: In a series of flash-forwards in the final episode, April and Andy ask Leslie and Ben for advice regarding the prospect of having children, which Andy very much wants but April does not. They decide to try for it and their son Jack (short for Jack-o-Lantern) is born on Halloween 2023. By 2025 the couple is expecting their second child.

text: Development[edit]

text: The role of April Ludgate was written specifically for Aubrey Plaza. Upon meeting the actress, Parks and Recreation casting director Allison Jones contacted series co-creator Michael Schur and said, "I just met the weirdest girl I’ve ever met in my life. You have to meet her and put her on your show."[14] Schur said he met with her and was taken so off-guard by her quiet and deadpan personality that he felt incredibly awkward and uncomfortable, spending the whole meeting trying to keep her entertained. Schur said that from that meeting on, he and fellow co-creator Greg Daniels knew they wanted to cast her on the show.[14][15] When the scripts for Parks and Recreation were first written, the character was referred to simply as "Aubrey".[15]