document_title: The Space Between Us (film)

question_text: who plays tulsa in the space between us

question_tokens: who plays tulsa in the space between us

text: The Space Between Us (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the near future, Nathaniel Shepard, CEO of Genesis, launches the first ever mission to colonize Mars. During the journey, the lead astronaut, Sarah Elliot, discovers that she is pregnant. Shortly after landing, she dies from eclampsia while giving birth to the first human born on Mars. The father of the child is unknown. In a dilemma, Nathaniel eventually decides to keep the child on Mars as a secret, to avoid a PR disaster for his company.

text: Sixteen years later, Sarah's son, Gardner Elliot, has grown up into an inquisitive, highly intelligent boy who has only ever met 14 people in his very unconventional upbringing. One day, in order to find out more about his mother, he hacks into Centaur, a robot he helped build, to gain access to the ship's storage. There, he retrieves his mother's items. Among them are a wedding ring and a USB drive, from which he plays a video of her and a man in a beach house. Convinced that the man is his father, he becomes determined to find him.

text: Gardner logs on to an Internet chatroom, where he has struck up an online relationship with Tulsa, a street smart girl from Colorado who is constantly being shuffled from one foster home to the next. Under the guise of being confined to a penthouse due to osteogenesis imperfecta, they discuss their plans for the future. Gardner promises to come see her someday. He then watches the German language film, Wings of Desire, where an angel falls to Earth.

text: His mother figure, astronaut Kendra Wyndham, video calls Nathaniel and Genesis director Tom Chen to inform them of Gardner's extraordinary intelligence and to beg them to allow him to go to Earth. Nathaniel refuses, as Gardner would have to undergo a highly risky surgery to increase his bone density and then train to adapt to Earth's atmospheric pressure. Gardner undergoes the surgery anyway and after training, he, Kendra and some other astronauts board a space shuttle for Earth.

text: On the day of the space shuttle's arrival, Nathaniel discovers that Gardner is on board. He angrily confronts Tom, who hid this from him. Despite his anger, Nathaniel visits Gardner, who is being quarantined in NASA while undergoing medical tests to determine whether he is fit for life on Earth. After a visit from Kendra, Gardner manages to discover that he is not fit for life on Earth. Upset, he stages a daring escape and hitches a ride to find Tulsa. Upon seeing him, Tulsa hits him as she is upset at Gardner for 'ghosting' her for 7 months. However, she forgives him and he convinces her to help him find his father. They stop by her house to get supplies for the journey, but are found by Nathaniel and Kendra. While trying to convince him to return to NASA, Gardner angrily confronts Kendra with her own admission of not wanting children and escapes with Tulsa on an old plane which her foster father was working on. The plane abruptly loses oil pressure while still in the sky. Tulsa manages to crash-land the plane into an old, abandoned barn, causing a fiery explosion. They escape safely to a diner where they determine the location of the shaman who married Gardner's parents, Shaman Neka.

text: Believing that Gardner has died, a grieving Nathaniel and Kendra let out their rage at one another. After discovering that no bodies were found in the wreckage, they receive some devastating news - Gardner's body contains dangerously high levels of troponin, meaning that he has an enlarged heart. His heart is unable to stand Earth's atmospheric pressure and so Gardner must be returned to Mars immediately if he is to survive. The search is resumed with renewed fervor and they discover CCTV footage of Gardner and Tulsa in a supermarket parking lot, where they have bought clothes and supplies for the journey. During the journey, Gardner tells Tulsa the truth - that he was born and raised on Mars. Unwilling to accept the truth, she forces him out of the car but forgives him once he promises never to lie to her again, although she still does not believe him.

text: At night, they camp out under the stars, where they make love. In the morning, they are discovered by a follower of Shaman Neka and are brought to him. He agrees to help them. Gardner's nose starts bleeding, a fact he conceals while Tulsa accesses the records to get the location of the beach house, which is in Summerland, California.

text: Before they begin their journey, they make a detour to Las Vegas. Gardner's nose starts to bleed again and he collapses and is taken to a hospital. After seeing the carbon tubes in his bones on the results of an X-ray at the hospital, Tulsa tells Gardner she now believes he was born on Mars, but plans to leave him in the hospital, before foster care can come, as he is too sick to continue their journey. Gardner reveals that he knows he won't last on Earth anymore and all he wants is to meet his father before he dies. Tulsa gives in and helps him escape. They steal a car and drive to the beach house. There, they meet the man from the video, who reveals that he is not Sarah Elliot's husband, but her own brother. However, he thinks that the two are lying to him. Gardner runs down to the sea, where he tells Tulsa that this is where he wants to die. He collapses. Tulsa tries frantically to drag him to the shore, but he is too heavy for her. Nathaniel and Kendra arrive just in time to save him. After Nathaniel performs CPR on him, Gardner asks him about his mother Sarah and reveals that he knows that Nathaniel is his real father. Nathaniel, Kendra and Tulsa rush Gardner to a Dream Chaser. They plan to launch into the stratosphere to stabilize him. When that proves to not be enough, a desperate Nathaniel takes control and launches into outer space. Free of Earth's gravity, Gardner revives.

text: Soon, Gardner boards a space shuttle to Mars. Tulsa and Gardner have an emotional parting. Kendra, who is staying on Earth because she is retiring from NASA, adopts Tulsa. Determined to join Gardner on Mars, she joins Kendra's training program. Back on Mars, with his father Nathaniel, Gardner is glad to be home.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Gary Oldman[2] as Nathaniel Shepherd
Asa Butterfield[3] as Gardner Elliot
Carla Gugino[2] as Kendra Wyndham
Britt Robertson[2] as Tulsa
B. D. Wong[4] as Genesis Director Tom Chen
Janet Montgomery[4] as Sarah Elliot
Trey Tucker[5] as Harrison Lane
Scott Takeda[6] as Dr. Gary Loh
Adande Thorne as Scott Hubbard
Colin Egglesfield as Sarah's brother
Gil Birmingham as Shaman Neka
Logan Paul as Roger[7]
Adande "Swoozie" Thorne as Scott Hubbard
Saarh Minnich as reporter
Ryan Jason Cook as Control Room technician
Lauren Myers as Alice Myers
Morse Bicknell as NASA executive
Beth Bailey as NASA Chief Director
Chuck Woodruff as Tim Janis
Christen Rakes as maid
Bruce Macintosh as NASA scientist
David House as Roland
Esodie Geiger as Mrs. Tupelo
Charles Arnone as mechanic
Jacob Browne as New Mexico State policeman
Jenny Gabrille as Havasupai woman
Bernardo Saracino as pilot
Eli Goodman as ER doctor
Ramona King as reception nurse
Eb Lottitmer as Air Force Colonel
Ramsey Scotte as foster care worker

text: Production[edit]

text: In 1999, Universal Pictures and Mike Lobell Productions acquired a screenplay, then titled Mainland, about a rebellious teen born on the moon who desired to come to the earth but whose physiology, it was feared, would not be able to take the translation. After failed rewrites by Allison Burnett (Autumn in New York), the project was placed in turnaround, as Lobell left Universal for a deal at Castle Rock Entertainment. The project remained unproduced for over a decade.[citation needed]

text: On March 13, 2014, Hollywood industry website The Tracking Board revealed that a science fiction-adventure film titled Out of This World was in development at Relativity Media, scripted by Allan Loeb.[8] Later in August 2014, it was reported that Peter Chelsom, who had previously directed Hector and the Search for Happiness for Relativity, was hired to direct the film, while Relativity would produce and distribute.[9] Southpaw Entertainment's Richard B. Lewis was attached to produce the film, and also received a "story by" credit.[9]

text: On February 2, 2015, Asa Butterfield was tapped to play the lead character in the film, a teen who was raised on Mars, and who falls in love with a girl on Earth he has been communicating with. Chelsom and Tinker Lindsay rewrote the screenplay.[3] On July 13, 2015, it was announced that Relativity was selling the project to STX Entertainment, in order to reach an agreement with its creditors and avoid having to file for bankruptcy.[10] STX produced and distributed the film.[10] On July 31, 2015, Gary Oldman, Carla Gugino, and Britt Robertson joined the cast of the then-untitled film.[2] Robertson would play the female lead, a teen girl from Colorado.[2] On September 8, 2015, it was announced that the title of the film would be The Space Between Us, and B. D. Wong and Janet Montgomery were added to the cast.[4] On September 30, 2015, Trey Tucker joined the film to play an astronaut,[5] and on October 23, 2015, Scott Takeda was cast to play a doctor in the film.[6]

text: Asa Butterfield and Britt Robertson have a seven-year age gap between them, which caused controversy, but in an interview Robertson explains that the age difference helped with the dynamic of the relationship between Tulsa and Gardner. "I don’t think Tulsa is really a teenager. She’s had to be an adult for a really long time. She’s had to take care of herself. She’s had to figure out where she’s going to live, and pay her mortgage or gas. She thinks like an adult. There’s this dynamic where she’s almost parenting him in some ways. There’s this very specific kind of thing where she’s teaching him about the world (saying), “Get it together, these are people. Why are you doing it this way? Why aren’t you being human? (Our age difference) I think really helps the dynamic. It’s not something I really pay attention to." [11]

text: Principal photography on the film began on September 14, 2015, in Albuquerque, New Mexico.[12][6]

text: Andrew Lockington composed the film's score, which was released through Sony Music Entertainment.

text: Release[edit]

text: In August 2015, STX Entertainment scheduled the film to be released on July 29, 2016.[13] The release date was later switched with STX's other release, Bad Moms, and was moved its release date later to August 19, 2016.[14] However, Kubo and the Two Strings, Ben-Hur, and War Dogs were all slated for August 19, 2016 and STX Entertainment moved its release date later to December 21, 2016, allowing more time for work on the visual effects.[15] The film's release date was later moved to December 16, 2016,[16] and finally STX Entertainment moved its release date later to February 3, 2017.[17]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Space Between Us grossed $7.9 million in the United States and Canada and $6.9 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $14.8 million, against a production budget of $30 million.[1]

text: In North America, The Space Between Us was released alongside Rings and The Comedian, and was projected to gross $8–10 million from 2,812 theaters during its opening weekend.[18] The film ended up grossing $1.4 million on its first day and $3.8 million in its opening weekend, finishing well below expectations, and 7th at the box office.[19] In its third weekend the film grossed $260,000 after being pulled from 2,441 theaters (dropping 84.6% to 331), marking the 6th biggest theater drop in history.[20][21]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 16% based on 118 reviews, with an average rating of 4.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Space Between Us strands its star-crossed young lovers in a mind-numbingly vast expanse of shameless cheese that will send all but the most forgiving viewers eye-rolling for the exits."[22] On Metacritic, the film holds a score 33 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[23] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[24]

text: Writing for IndieWire, David Ehrlich gave the film a grade of "C," calling it a "guileless and good-natured sci-fi love story".[25] Kevin Maher gave a scathing review in The Times, writing that the film is "notable only for some horrendously bad science and a career-low performance from Gary Oldman".[26]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
Ref.

2016 Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie Actress: AnTEENcipated
Britt Robertson
Nominated
[27]


document_title: Young India

question_text: mention the name of two newspapers edited by mahatma gandhi

root

text: Young India

text: Young India was a weekshed - a weekly paper or journal - in English published by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi from 1919 to 1931.[1] Gandhi wrote various quotations in this journal that inspired many. He used Young India to spread his unique ideology and thoughts regarding the use of nonviolence in organising movements and to urge readers to consider, organise, and plan for India's eventual independence from Britain.

tag: p

text: In 1933 Gandhiji started publishing a weekly newspaper, Harijan, in English. Harijan - which means "People of God", and was also Gandhi's term for the untouchable caste - lasted until 1948. During this time Gandhi also published Harijan Bandu in Gujarati, and Harijan Sevak in Hindi. All three papers focused on India's and the world's social and economic problems.[2]

text: The journal was reprinted in USA by the India Home Rule League of America.


document_title: List of countries by proven oil reserves

question_text: who has the biggest oil reserve in the world

text: Countries[edit]

text: Reserves amounts are listed in millions of barrels (MMbbl).

text:
Proven reserves (millions of barrels)

U.S. EIA (start of 2017)[1]

OPEC (end of 2015)[2]

BP (end of 2015)[3]

Other

Country

Rank

Reserves

Rank

Reserves

Rank

Reserves

Source/Date

Reserves

 Venezuela (see: Oil reserves in Venezuela)
1
300,878
1
300,878
1
300,900

 Saudi Arabia (see: Oil reserves in Saudi Arabia)
2
266,455
2
266,455
2
266,600

 Canada (see: Oil reserves in Canada)
3
169,709
26
4,118[4]
3
172,200
Natural Resources Canada, end 2014[5]
171,000

 Iran (see: Oil reserves in Iran)

4

158,400

3

158,400

4

157,800

 Iraq (see: Oil reserves in Iraq)
5
142,503
4
142,503
5
143,100

 Kuwait (see: Oil reserves in Kuwait)
6
101,500
5
101,500
7
101,500

 UAE (see: Oil reserves in the United Arab Emirates)
7
97,800
6
97,800
8
97,800

 Russia (see: Oil reserves in Russia)
8
80,000
7
80,000
6
102,400

 Libya (see: Oil reserves in Libya)
9
48,000
8
74,363
9
78,400

 Nigeria (see: Oil reserves in Nigeria)
10
37,062
9
37,062
11
37,100

 United States (see: Oil reserves in the United States)
11
35,000
10
36,685
10
55,000
ENI, end of 2015[6]
43,629

 Kazakhstan
12
30,000
11
30,000
12
30,000

 China
13
25,620
13
25,132
14
18,500

 Qatar
14
25,244
12
25,244
13
25,244

 Brazil
15
12,999
14
16,184
15
13,000
ENI, end of 2015[6]
16,848

 Algeria
16
12,200
15
12,200
17
12,200

 Angola
17 / 18
8,273
17
9,524
16
12,700

 Ecuador
17 / 18
8,273
18
8,273
19 / 20
8,000

 Mexico (see: Oil reserves in Mexico)
19
7,300
16
9,711
18
10,800
PEMEX[7] Start of 2015
9.700

 Azerbaijan
20
7,000
19
7,000
21
7,000

 Norway
21
6,611
33
5,139
19 / 20
8,000

 Oman
22
5,373
21
5,306
23
5,300

 Sudan/South Sudan
23
5,000
32
5,000
24
Sudan 1,500 / S. Sudan 3,500

 India
24
4,600
20
5,680
22
5,680
ENI, end of 2015[6]
5,692

 Egypt
25 / 26
4,400
24 / 25
4,400
29
3,500

 Vietnam
25 / 26
4,400
24 / 25
4,400
25
4,000

 Indonesia
27 / 28
3,600
29
3,230
27 / 28
3,600
ENI, end of 2015[6]
3,497

 Malaysia
27 / 28
3,600
28
3,750
27 / 28
3,600
ENI, end of 2015[6]
5,542

 Yemen
29
3,000

30
3,000

 United Kingdom
30
2,564
30
2,755
31
2,800
UK Oil & Gas Authority, end 2015[8]
2,618

 Syria
31 / 32
2,500
31
2,500
32
2,500

 Uganda
31 / 32
2,500

 Argentina
33
2,185
32
2,380
33
2,400
Argentine Petroleum Institute[9]
2,330

 Colombia
34
2,002
33
2,308
34
2,300

 Gabon
35
2,000
34
2,000
35
2,000

 Australia
36
1,821
27
3,982
26
4,000
Geoscience Australia[10] end of 2014
4,002

 Congo, Republic of the (Brazzaville)
37
1,600

36
1,600

 Chad
38
1,500

37
1,500

 Brunei
39 / 40
1,100
35
1,100
39 / 40
1,100

 Equatorial Guinea
39 / 40
1,100

39 / 40
1,100

 Ghana (see: Oil reserves in Ghana)
41
660

 Romania
42 / 43
600

42 / 46
600

 Turkmenistan
42 / 43
600
36
600
42 / 46
600

 Uzbekistan
44
594
37
594
42 / 46
600

 Italy
45
557

42 / 46
600
ENI, end of 2015[6]
595

 Denmark
46
491
38
511
42 / 46
600
ENI, end of 2015[6]
550

 Peru
47
473

38
1,400
ENI, end of 2015[6]
1,489

 Tunisia
48
425

47 / 48
400

 Thailand
49
396

47 / 48
400

 Ukraine
50
395
39
395

 Pakistan
51
350

ENI, end of 2015[6]
236

 Turkey
52
300

ENI, end of 2015[6]
284

 Trinidad and Tobago
53
243

41
700
ENI, end of 2015[6]
830

 Bolivia
54
211

ENI, end of 2015[6]
210

 Cameroon
55
200

 Belarus
56
198
40
198

 Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Kinshasa)
57
180

 Albania
58
168

 Papua New Guinea
59
159

ENI, end of 2015[6]
158

 Chile
60 / 62
150

 Niger
60 / 62
150

 Spain
60 / 62
150

 Germany
63
145

ENI, end of 2015[6]
229

 Myanmar
64
139

 Philippines
65
139

 Poland
66
138

ENI, end of 2015[6]
151

 Bahrain
67
125

 Cuba (see: Oil reserves in Cuba)
68
124

ENI, end of 2015[6]
124

 Netherlands
69
113

ENI, end of 2015[6]
141

 Ivory Coast
70
100

 Suriname
70
83.9

 Guatemala
71
83.1

 France
72
72.4

 Serbia
73
77.5

 Croatia
74
71.0

 New Zealand
75
56.9

 Japan
76
44.1

 Austria
77
43.0

 Kyrgyzstan
78
40.0

 Georgia
79
35.0

 Bangladesh
80
28.0

 Hungary
81
25.1

ENI, end of 2015[6]
35

 Mauritania
82
20.0

 Bulgaria
83 / 85
15.0

 Czech Republic
83 / 85

15.0

 South Africa
83 / 85

15.0

 Israel
86
12.7

ENI, end of 2015[6]
12

 Lithuania
87 / 88
12.0

 Tajikistan
87 / 88
12.0

 Greece
89
10.0

 Slovakia
90
9.00

 Benin
91
8.00

 Belize
92
6.70

 Taiwan
93
2.38

 Barbados
94
2.08

 Jordan
95
1.00

ENI, end of 2015[6]
1

 Morocco
96
0.68

 Ethiopia
97
0.43

 Afghanistan

0

US Geological Survey[11]
80

World total

1,726,685

1,481,526

1,697,600

tag: table

text: Different sources[edit]

text: Sources sometimes differ on the volume of proven oil reserves. The differences sometimes result from different classes of oil included, and sometimes result from different definitions of proven.

text: Comparison of proven oil reserves from some widely used sources (billions of barrels, as of 31 Dec. 2014/1 Jan. 2015)

text:
Source

Canada

Iran

Russia

Saudi Arabia

United States

Venezuela

BP[12]

172.9

157.8

103.2

267.0

48.5

298.3

OPEC[13]

4.2[4]

157.5

80.0

266.6

36.5

300.0

US Central Intelligence Agency[14]

171.0

157.8

103.2

268.3

36.5

298.4

US Energy Information Administration[15]

172.5

157.8

80.0

268.3

39.9

298.4


document_title: Baby Daddy

question_text: who played emma on baby daddy season 6

question_tokens: who played emma on baby daddy season 6

text: Baby Daddy

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: Ben Wheeler, a twenty-something bachelor, suddenly becomes a father when his baby daughter Emma is left at his doorstep. With the help of his overbearing mother Bonnie, his older brother Danny, and his two best friends Tucker and Riley, Ben works to turn his life around in order to provide for his daughter.

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Benjamin Bon Jovi "Ben" Wheeler[2] (Jean-Luc Bilodeau): The lead character of the series. He was living the life of a bachelor as a bartender in New York City with his buddy Tucker and his older brother Danny. His life was turned upside down when he opened his apartment door to find a baby girl left at his door by a one night stand. The baby turned out to be his daughter Emma. At the beginning of the series, Ben's job was the same throughout the series, with the difference in season 4 when he and Danny became owners of the bar. He and Riley, next-door-neighbor and childhood friend of Ben, dated briefly twice. The relationship fails because Ben didn't live up to Riley's expectations. Eventually, it is revealed how strong Danny's feelings are for Riley. Ben initially denies this until Bonnie intervenes and points out that "Danny has loved Riley nearly his whole life" and tries to get the two together. Throughout Season 6, Ben constantly tries to find Elle, a girl he has fallen for after seeing her three times in the same day during the season 5 finale. In the series finale, Elle is seen looking for Ben throughout the series as well.[3] At the conclusion of the series finale, Elle walks in to deliver Riley's son and Ben immediately recognizes Elle and they end up going out.
Tucker Thurgood Marshall Dobbs[4] (Tahj Mowry): Ben's best friend and roommate. Tucker is friendly towards everybody as long as they don't eat his food.[5] Tucker has a love-hate and somewhat teasing relationship with Mrs. Wheeler. Ben encouraged Tucker to drop out of law school to pursue a career in television. When his father, Marshall Dobbs (Phil Morris), finds out about this he is at first furious and disowns Tucker. Mr. Dobbs later approves of Tucker's career in the same episode. Tucker has multiple relationships throughout the series but ultimately ends up with Sondra, a talkative fellow tenant whose voice is extremely shrill.
Daniel Mellencamp "Danny" Wheeler[6] (Derek Theler): Ben's older brother, who is a professional hockey player for the New York Rangers. His little brother looks up to him, and is sometimes envious of Danny being better at everything. It is mentioned many times that Danny is their mother's favorite son, so much so that Mrs. Wheeler sometimes says she only has one son. In Season 4, Danny purchases Ben's place of employment, "Bar on B", for Ben. Danny has also been in love with Riley ever since he was six. Danny and Riley eventually end up together in seasons 5. In the season 5 finale, it is revealed that Riley is pregnant after Danny and Riley become very serious. During Season 6, Danny and Riley get married, and have a son.
Bonnie N. Walker (née Prapinski; previously Wheeler) (Melissa Peterman): Ben and Danny's mother. She is a happy, outgoing, loud, and dramatic person who has a kind heart. Bonnie loves her kids and her granddaughter more than anything. She loves to drink; her favorite wine is chardonnay. It is hinted many times throughout the series that Bonnie might have a drinking problem. Bonnie has an on and off relationship with Brad Walker since season 3. She later marries Brad in an elevator. She had originally wanted to be a model but those plans changed after having Danny. She later became a realtor. Bonnie is in love with Bon Jovi, so much so that she named her second son "Benjamin Bon Jovi Wheeler". She describes herself as "a beautiful young woman with goals and ambitions."
Riley Perrin (Chelsea Kane): Ben's close friend and Danny's best friend since they were little. Although Riley dates Ben on and off during the first few seasons of the show, she falls for Danny towards the end of Season 4, and subsequently begin a relationship with him. During the Season 5 season finale, it is revealed that Riley is pregnant. Danny and Riley get married in Season 6, and she gives birth to their son in the series finale. It has been said that she was extremely overweight in high school and, in the season 3 episode "Romancing the Phone" she says she lost 90 pounds. When they were kids, her nickname was "Rigantor" and could beat up the boys, enjoyed watching professional wrestling with Danny, and played field hockey as well as street hockey. She is highly intelligent. Despite having some difficulty with the LSATs, she did well enough to get accepted into law school.[7] Riley is also extremely competitive. She has liked Ben ever since they were young, but only Danny initially knew. In the episode "Send in the Clowns", it is revealed that her aunt was her real mother. In the episode "House of Cards," she mentions a sister, presumably her cousin in reality, whom she claims to "hate".
Emma Wheeler (Ali Louise and Susanne Allan Hartman in season 1; Mila and Zoey Beske in season 2; Ember and Harper Husak in season 3; Sura and Kayleigh Harris in seasons 4–6): Ben's daughter, who was left at his door by a one night stand. Angela, Emma's mother, and Ben went on with their lives until she realized she was pregnant and gave birth to the child. Deciding that her acting career was more important than raising a child, she left Emma at Ben's front door and gave him full custody of Emma.

tag: ul

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text:
Brad Walker (Peter Porte): A handsome real estate agent who had an on and off relationship with Bonnie since season 3. He had a twin brother named Tad. On the season 4 episode "Parental Guidance", Brad proposed to Bonnie, with her saying yes. Brad and Bonnie officially got married in season 5.
Dr. Amy Shaw (Lacey Chabert): A psychologist for the New York Rangers and Danny's girlfriend in season 2. She cares deeply for Danny but is constantly worried his feelings for Riley will drive him away. She eventually realizes Danny still has feelings for Riley and breaks up with him in the episode "Surprise!". In season 3, Amy shows up and announces that she is engaged to another man.
Fitch Douglas (Matt Dallas): Son of a millionaire and Riley's boyfriend in season 2. Fitch does not speak to his family for he feels their money corrupts them. He constantly travels to Africa to help the children and orphanages, having a long distance relationship with Riley. He is seemingly killed in Africa but later turns up alive at his memorial and proposes to Riley. She regretfully declines claiming she is not the one for him. In season 3, he comes back and Riley attempts to make him her rebound to forget Ben.
Philip Farlow (Christopher O'Shea): A college professor whom Riley briefly dated in season 3.
Georgie Farlow (Mallory Jansen): Philip's sister who briefly dated Ben, but later developed feelings for Danny in season 3. She is a fashion photographer for Vogue magazine. She doesn't like Riley, but begins to accept her for Danny's sake in the episode "Foos it or Lose It". She breaks up with Danny via voicemail at the beginning of season 4.
Angela (Mimi Gianopulos): The mother of Emma and the ex-girlfriend of Ben. When her daughter was 3 months old, she abandoned her on Ben's doorstep. She's an aspiring actress who had since moved to California. Although she appears in several episodes, Angela never took the role of Emma's mother as she would often place her career first.
Megan (Grace Phipps): A day care worker whom Ben dated in season 2. She broke up with him after he almost lost her dog.
Ray Wheeler (Greg Grunberg): Ben and Danny's father. He is divorced from Bonnie and doesn't get along with her. He makes amends with Bonnie by finally telling his family that he's in a relationship with a man named Steve (Robert Gant).
Sondra (Rachna Khatau): A neighbor who's known for her talkativeness and distinctive high-pitched voice.
Robyn (Christa B. Allen): Riley's co worker and Danny's girlfriend in season 4.
Zoey (Jonna Walsh): A single mother living in the same building as Ben, introduced in season 5. She shares the same interests as Ben, but is reluctant to give in to her romantic feelings because of Ben's immaturity.
Sam Saffe (Daniella Monet): The manager of the Bar on B in season 5. She went to highschool with Ben, Danny and Riley. Ben had a crush on her in high school but she never reciprocated his feelings. She and Riley did not like each other, despite frequent attempts in both ends to become friends. Sam briefly dates Ben in season 5.
Elle (Katie Gill): A woman that Ben has met a few brief times and is convinced is his soulmate.
Carter (Jase Whitaker): Ben's bartender co-worker at the bar Ben eventually ends up owning.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
June 20, 2012 (2012-06-20)
August 29, 2012 (2012-08-29)

2
16
May 29, 2013 (2013-05-29)
December 11, 2013 (2013-12-11)

3
21
January 15, 2014 (2014-01-15)
June 18, 2014 (2014-06-18)

4
22
October 22, 2014 (2014-10-22)
August 5, 2015 (2015-08-05)

5
20
February 3, 2016 (2016-02-03)
August 3, 2016 (2016-08-03)

6
11
March 13, 2017 (2017-03-13)
May 22, 2017

text: Development and production[edit]

text: The series was given a green-light on February 2, 2012[8] and began production on March 28, 2012. On August 17, 2012, the series renewed for a second season, which premiered on May 29, 2013.[9] On March 22, 2013, ABC Family announced that Baby Daddy was renewed for a third season, two months before the second season premiered.[10] The third season premiered on January 15, 2014.[11] Baby Daddy was renewed for a fourth season on March 17, 2014.[12] It premiered on October 22, 2014, with the series' first Halloween episode "Strip or Treat".[13] On February 27, 2015, the series was renewed for a fifth season.[14] It premiered on February 3, 2016.[15] On June 27, 2016, Freeform renewed the show for a sixth season.[16] It premiered on March 13, 2017.[17]

text: On May 13, 2017, TVLine announced that the series would end at the conclusion of its sixth season.[18]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series premiered in the United States on June 20, 2012, on ABC Family.[1]

text: In New Zealand, the show premiered on TVNZ's TV2 beginning on December 14, 2013.[citation needed]

text: In Australia, the series airs on Fox8, with season 1 premiering 29 September 2013,[19] with season 2 returning on 4 May 2014,[20] and season 3 returning 24 August 2014.[21]

text: In the United Kingdom, the series began airing on E4 on February 16, 2015. The second season started on March 2, 2015.[22] Series 3 aired in April 2015. Series 4 aired in September 2015. Series 5 will premiere 5th September 2016.[23]

text: In Israel, the series airs weeknights (two episodes each) since July 2016. In South Africa, the series aired on 5 September 2015.

text: In Italy, the series began airing on Joi Premium, pay channel on the DTT platform Mediaset Premium from 22 February 2013 to 22 March 2013. The second, third, fourth and fifth seasons were broadcast on the streaming platform Mediaset Infinity from 2015 to 2016. The sixth season were made entirely available on October 4, 2017 on the streaming platform Mediaset Infinity.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Awards and nominations for Baby Daddy

Year
Association
Category
Nominee
Result

2012
Teen Choice Awards
Summer TV Star: Male
Jean-Luc Bilodeau
Nominated

Summer TV Star: Female
Chelsea Kane
Nominated

2013
Teen Choice Awards
Breakout Show
Baby Daddy
Nominated

Breakout Star
Derek Theler
Nominated

Scene Stealer: Male
Tahj Mowry
Nominated

Summer TV Star: Male
Jean-Luc Bilodeau
Nominated

Summer TV Star: Female
Chelsea Kane
Nominated

2014
Teen Choice Awards
Summer Show
Baby Daddy
Nominated

Scene Stealer: Male
Tahj Mowry
Nominated

Summer TV Star: Male
Jean-Luc Bilodeau
Nominated

2015
People's Choice Awards
Favourite Cable TV Comedy
Baby Daddy
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Summer TV Series
Baby Daddy
Nominated

2016
People's Choice Awards
Favourite Cable TV Comedy
Baby Daddy
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV: Scene Stealer
Tahj Mowry
Nominated

Choice TV: Liplock
Chelsea Kane and Derek Theler
Nominated

Choice Summer TV Show
Baby Daddy
Nominated

Choice Summer TV Star: Male
Jean-Luc Bilodeau
Nominated

2017
People's Choice Awards
Favorite Cable TV Comedy
Baby Daddy
Won

Art Directors Guild Awards 2016
Multi-Camera Series
Greg Grande – Baby Daddy
Nominated

text: Reception[edit]

text: Baby Daddy received mixed reviews. On Metacritic, the first season of the show holds a 51 out of 100 Metascore based on 8 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[24] On Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds a 36% approval rating based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 5.08/10. Audience score holds 84% (Season 1), 86% (Season 2), 90% (Season 3), 93% (Seasons 4 and 5), 100% (Season 6).[25]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ The majority of episodes of the series were directed by Lembeck, other than him, Arlene Sanford directed "Take Her Out of the Ballgame" (season 1, episode 6), Robbie Countryman directed "There's Something Fitchy Going On" (season 2, episode 2) and Bob Koherr directed "New Bonnie vs. Old Ben" (season 2, episode 4).

tag: ol


document_title: Highest temperature recorded on Earth

question_text: where are the highest temperatures on earth recorded

text: Highest temperature recorded on Earth

text: Measurements[edit]

text: Air and ground temperature[edit]

text: The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the air, 1.5 meters above the ground, and shielded from direct sunlight.[3] From 1922 until 2012, the WMO record for the highest official temperature on Earth was 57.8 °C (136.0 °F), registered on September 13, 1922 in ‘Aziziya, Libya. In January 2012, the WMO decertified the 1922 record, citing persuasive evidence that it was a faulty reading recorded in error by an inexperienced observer. [1] Christopher C. Burt, the weather historian writing for Weather Underground who shepherded the Libya reading's 2012 disqualification, believes that the 1913 Death Valley reading is also "a myth", and is at least 4 to 5 °F (2.2 to 2.8 °C) too high.[4] This same conclusion has also been reached by  historians Dr. Arnold Court and William Taylor Reid.[5] If the 1913 record were to be decertified, the current highest recorded temperature on Earth would be 54.0 °C (129.2 °F), recorded both in Death Valley on June 20, 2013, and in Mitribah, Kuwait on July 21, 2016.[6] Temperatures measured directly on the ground may exceed air temperatures by 30 to 50 °C.[7] The theoretical maximum possible ground surface temperature has been estimated to be between 90 and 100 °C (between 194 and 212 °F) for dry, darkish soils of low thermal conductivity.[8] While there is no highest confirmed ground temperature, a reading of 93.9 °C (201 °F) was allegedly recorded in Furnace Creek Ranch on July 15, 1972.[9]

text: Satellite measurements[edit]

text: Temperature measurements via satellite also tend to capture occurrence of higher records but, due to complications involving satellite's altitude loss (a side effect of atmospheric friction), these measurements are often considered less reliable than ground-positioned thermometers.[10] The highest recorded temperature taken by a satellite is 66.8 °C (152.2 °F), which was measured in the Flaming Mountains of China in 2008.[11] Other satellite measurements of ground temperature taken between 2003 and 2009, taken with the MODIS infrared spectroradiometer on the Aqua satellite, found a maximum temperature of 70.7 °C (159.3 °F), which was recorded in 2005 in the Lut Desert, Iran. The Lut Desert was also found to have the highest maximum temperature in 5 of the 7 years measured (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2009). These measurements reflect averages over a large region and so are lower than the maximum point surface temperature.[7]

text: Unverified claims[edit]

text: The following are unverified claims of extreme heat over the current world record of 56.7 °C (134.1 °F).

text:
Date

Temperature °C/°F

Type

Cause

Location

Description

July 11, 1909

57.8 °C (136.0 °F)

Air

Heat burst

Cherokee, Oklahoma(United States)

This incident was recorded at 3:00AM (CT), and reportedly caused crops to desiccate in the area.[12]

July 6, 1949

70 °C (158.0 °F)

Air

Heat burst

Figueira da Foz and Coimbra(Portugal)

Within two minutes, a heat burst reportedly drove the air temperature from 38 to 70 °C (100.4 to 158.0 °F).[13][14]

1960

60 °C (140.0 °F)

Air

Heat burst

Kopperl, Texas(United States)

A heat burst is claimed to have sent the air temperature to near 140 °F (60 °C), supposedly causing cotton crops to become desiccated and drying out vegetation.[15]

June 1967

86.7 °C (188.1 °F)

Unknown

Heat burst

Abadan(Iran)

An alleged temperature of 86.7 °C (188.1 °F) was recorded during a heat burst in Abadan, Iran.[14]'

July 15, 1972

93.9 °C (201.0 °F)

Ground

N/A

Furnace Creek Ranch(United States)

See "Measurements" section above.

2005

70.7 °C (159.3 °F)

Satellite

N/A

Lut Desert(Iran)

See "Measurements" section above.

2008

66.8 °C (152.2 °F)

Satellite

N/A

Flaming Mountains(China)

See "Measurements" section above.

2011

84 °C (183 °F)

Ground

N/A

Port Sudan(Sudan)

A ground temperature of 84 °C (183 °F) was reportedly taken in Port Sudan, Sudan.[16]