document_title: Ghana at the FIFA World Cup

question_text: how many times has ghana been to the world cup

text: Ghana at the FIFA World Cup

text: FIFA World Cup record[edit]

text: Ghana have qualified for three FIFA World Cup tournaments; 2006, 2010, and 2014.

text: In 2006 they were the only African side to advance to the Second Round of 2006 FIFA World Cup and were the sixth nation in a row from Africa to progress beyond the group stages of the World Cup.[3] Ghana had the youngest team in the FIFA World Cup 2006 with an average age of 23 years and 352 days,[3] and were praised for their improving performance.[4][5] FIFA ranked Ghana 13th out of the 32 countries who competed in the tournament.[6]

text: In the 2010 World Cup, Ghana progressed beyond the group stages, and reached the quarter-finals where they were eliminated by Uruguay. Ghana was defeated by Uruguay on penalties after Luis Suárez controversially handballed on the goal line deep into extra time, denying Ghana an almost certain winning goal.[7] Had Ghana won their quarter final, they would have become the first African nation to progress to the semi finals of the world cup. Of the 32 countries that participated in the 2010 FIFA World Cup, FIFA ranked Ghana 7th.[8]

text: In the 2014 World Cup, Ghana was eliminated during the group stages.

text:
FIFA World Cup record

Year

Round

Position

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

1930 to 1958

Did not enter

 1962

Did not qualify

 1966

Withdrew

1970 to 1978

Did not qualify

 1982

Withdrew

1986 to 2002

Did not qualify

 2006

Round of 16

13th

4

2

0

2

4

6

 2010

Quarter-Final

7th

5

2

2

1

5

4

 2014

Round 1

25th

3

0

1

2

4

6

 2018

Did Not Qualify

 2022

To Be Determined

Total

3/21

12

4

3

5

13

16

text: 2006 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Head coach:  Ratomir Dujković

text:
No.

Pos.

Player

Date of birth (age)

Caps

Club

1

1GK

Sammy Adjei

 (1980-09-01)1 September 1980 (aged 25)

31

 F.C. Ashdod

2

3MF

Hans Sarpei

 (1976-06-28)28 June 1976 (aged 29)

7

 VfL Wolfsburg

3

4FW

Asamoah Gyan

 (1985-11-22)22 November 1985 (aged 20)

13

 Udinese[9]

4

2DF

Samuel Kuffour

 (1976-09-03)3 September 1976 (aged 29)

58

 Roma

5

2DF

John Mensah

 (1982-11-29)29 November 1982 (aged 23)

33

 Rennes

6

2DF

Emmanuel Pappoe

 (1981-03-03)3 March 1981 (aged 25)

27

 Hapoel Kfar Saba

7

2DF

Illiasu Shilla

 (1982-10-26)26 October 1982 (aged 23)

2

 Asante Kotoko

8

3MF

Michael Essien

 (1982-12-03)3 December 1982 (aged 23)

17

 Chelsea

9

3MF

Derek Boateng

 (1983-05-02)2 May 1983 (aged 23)

11

 AIK

10

3MF

Stephen Appiah (c)

 (1980-12-24)24 December 1980 (aged 25)

42

 Fenerbahçe

11

3MF

Sulley Muntari

 (1984-08-27)27 August 1984 (aged 21)

16

 Udinese

12

4FW

Alex Tachie-Mensah

 (1977-02-15)15 February 1977 (aged 29)

5

 St. Gallen

13

2DF

Habib Mohamed

 (1983-12-10)10 December 1983 (aged 22)

1

 King Faisal Babes

14

4FW

Matthew Amoah

 (1980-10-24)24 October 1980 (aged 25)

16

 Borussia Dortmund

15

3MF

John Paintsil

 (1981-06-15)15 June 1981 (aged 24)

21

 Hapoel Tel Aviv

16

1GK

George Owu

 (1982-06-17)17 June 1982 (aged 23)

6

 Ashanti Gold

17

2DF

Daniel Quaye

 (1980-12-25)25 December 1980 (aged 25)

7

 Hearts of Oak

18

2DF

Eric Addo

 (1978-11-12)12 November 1978 (aged 27)

6

 PSV Eindhoven

19

4FW

Razak Pimpong

 (1982-12-30)30 December 1982 (aged 23)

4

 Copenhagen

20

4FW

Otto Addo

 (1975-06-09)9 June 1975 (aged 31)

13

 Mainz 05

21

2DF

Issah Ahmed

 (1982-05-24)24 May 1982 (aged 24)

10

 Randers

22

1GK

Richard Kingson

 (1978-06-13)13 June 1978 (aged 27)

33

 Ankaraspor

23

3MF

Haminu Dramani

 (1986-04-01)1 April 1986 (aged 20)

7

 Red Star Belgrade[10]

text: Italy vs Ghana[edit]

text:
Italy 2–0 Ghana
Pirlo  40'Iaquinta  83'
Report

text:
Italy

Ghana

text:
GK
1
Gianluigi Buffon

RB
2
Cristian Zaccardo

CB
13
Alessandro Nesta

CB
5
Fabio Cannavaro (c)

LB
3
Fabio Grosso

DM
21
Andrea Pirlo

RM
20
Simone Perrotta

LM
4
Daniele De Rossi
 10'

AM
10
Francesco Totti

 56'

CF
11
Alberto Gilardino

 64'

CF
9
Luca Toni

 82'

Substitutions:

MF
16
Mauro Camoranesi
 62'
 56'

FW
15
Vincenzo Iaquinta
 88'
 64'

FW
7
Alessandro Del Piero

 82'

Manager:

Marcello Lippi

GK
22
Richard Kingson

RB
15
John Paintsil

CB
4
Samuel Kuffour

CB
5
John Mensah

LB
6
Emmanuel Pappoe

 46'

RM
18
Eric Addo

CM
8
Michael Essien

CM
10
Stephen Appiah (c)

LM
11
Sulley Muntari
 41'

CF
14
Matthew Amoah

 68'

CF
3
Asamoah Gyan
 65'
 89'

Substitutions:

DF
7
Illiasu Shilla

 46'

FW
19
Razak Pimpong

 68'

FW
12
Alex Tachie-Mensah

 89'

Manager:

 Ratomir Dujković

text:
Wikinews has related news:
 Italy shut out Ghana for 2-0 win in Group E

text:
Man of the Match:
Andrea Pirlo (Italy)
Assistant referees:
Aristeu Tavares (Brazil)
Ednílson Corona (Brazil)
Fourth official:
Khalil Al Ghamdi (Saudi Arabia)
Fifth official:
Hamdi Al Kadri (Syria)

text: Czech Republic vs Ghana[edit]

text: Asamoah Gyan opened the scoring with a low left footed shot to the net from the edge of the penalty area. Gyan then missed a penalty in the second half when he hit his shot against the post in the 66th minute. Sulley Muntari got the second goal for Ghana in the 82nd minute, finishing a move with a left footed shot to the roof of the net from inside the penalty area.

text:
Czech Republic 0–2 Ghana

Report
Gyan  2'Muntari  82'

text:
Czech Republic

Ghana

text:
GK
1
Petr Čech

RB
2
Zdeněk Grygera

CB
21
Tomáš Ujfaluši
 65'

CB
22
David Rozehnal

LB
6
Marek Jankulovski

DM
4
Tomáš Galásek (c)

 46'

RM
8
Karel Poborský

 56'

CM
10
Tomáš Rosický

CM
11
Pavel Nedvěd

LM
20
Jaroslav Plašil

 68'

CF
12
Vratislav Lokvenc
 49'

Substitutions:

MF
19
Jan Polák

 46'

MF
17
Jiří Štajner

 56'

FW
7
Libor Sionko

 68'

Manager:

Karel Brückner

GK
22
Richard Kingson

RB
15
John Paintsil

CB
5
John Mensah

CB
7
Illiasu Shilla

LB
13
Habib Mohamed
 90+3'

RM
20
Otto Addo
 18'
 46'

CM
8
Michael Essien
 37'

CM
10
Stephen Appiah (c)

LM
11
Sulley Muntari
 84'

CF
14
Matthew Amoah

 80'

CF
3
Asamoah Gyan
 66'
 85'

Substitutions:

MF
9
Derek Boateng
 75'
 46'

MF
18
Eric Addo

 80'

FW
19
Razak Pimpong

 85'

Manager:

 Ratomir Dujković

text:
Wikinews has related news:
 Ghana surge past Czech Republic in Group E

text:
Man of the Match:
Michael Essien (Ghana)
Assistant referees:
Darío García (Argentina)
Rodolfo Otero (Argentina)
Fourth official:
Jerome Damon (South Africa)
Fifth official:
Enock Molefe (South Africa)

text: Ghana vs United States[edit]

text: Ghana opened the scoring in the 22nd minute when Haminu Draman curled a low right footed shot past the goalkeeper from the left of the penalty area. The winning goal for Ghana was a penalty at the end of the first half which Stephen Appiah shot high right footed to the goalkeepers right.

text:
Ghana 2–1 United States
Draman  22'Appiah  45+2' (pen.)
Report
Dempsey  43'

text:
Ghana

United States

text:
GK
22
Richard Kingson

RB
15
John Paintsil

CB
5
John Mensah
 81'

CB
7
Illiasu Shilla
 32'

LB
13
Habib Mohamed

DM
8
Michael Essien
 5'

RM
9
Derek Boateng

 46'

LM
23
Haminu Draman

 80'

AM
10
Stephen Appiah (c)
 90+1'

CF
14
Matthew Amoah

 59'

CF
19
Razak Pimpong

Substitutions:

MF
20
Otto Addo

 46'

MF
18
Eric Addo

 59'

FW
12
Alex Tachie-Mensah

 80'

Manager:

 Ratomir Dujković

GK
18
Kasey Keller

RB
6
Steve Cherundolo

 61'

CB
13
Jimmy Conrad

CB
22
Oguchi Onyewu

LB
3
Carlos Bocanegra

DM
10
Claudio Reyna (c)

 40'

RM
8
Clint Dempsey

LM
7
Eddie Lewis
 7'
 74'

AM
21
Landon Donovan

CF
17
DaMarcus Beasley

CF
20
Brian McBride

Substitutions:

MF
14
Ben Olsen

 40'

FW
9
Eddie Johnson

 61'

MF
15
Bobby Convey

 74'

Manager:

Bruce Arena

text:
Wikinews has related news:
 Ghana beat United States of America 2-1 in Group E

text:
Man of the Match:
Stephen Appiah (Ghana)
Assistant referees:
Christian Schraer (Germany)
Jan-Hendrik Salver (Germany)
Fourth official:
Toru Kamikawa (Japan)
Fifth official:
Yoshikazu Hiroshima (Japan)

text: Brazil vs Ghana Second Round Match[edit]

text:
Brazil 3–0 Ghana
Ronaldo  5'Adriano  45+1'Zé Roberto  84'
Report

text:
Brazil

Ghana

text:
GK
1
Dida

RB
2
Cafu (c)

CB
3
Lúcio

CB
4
Juan
 44'

LB
6
Roberto Carlos

CM
5
Emerson

 46'

CM
11
Zé Roberto

AM
8
Kaká

 83'

AM
10
Ronaldinho

CF
7
Adriano
 13'
 61'

CF
9
Ronaldo

Substitutions:

MF
17
Gilberto Silva

 46'

MF
19
Juninho

 61'

MF
20
Ricardinho

 83'

Manager:

Carlos Alberto Parreira

GK
22
Richard Kingson

RB
15
John Paintsil
 29'

CB
5
John Mensah

CB
7
Illiasu Shilla

LB
6
Emmanuel Pappoe

RM
11
Sulley Muntari
 11'

CM
10
Stephen Appiah (c)
 7'

CM
18
Eric Addo
 38'
 60'

LM
23
Haminu Dramani

CF
14
Matthew Amoah

 70'

CF
3
Asamoah Gyan
 48', 81'

Substitutions:

MF
9
Derek Boateng

 60'

FW
12
Alex Tachie-Mensah

 70'

Manager:

 Ratomir Dujković

text:
Wikinews has related news:
 Brazil knock-out Ghana 3-0 to grab quarter-final place

text:
Man of the Match:
Zé Roberto (Brazil)
Assistant referees:
Roman Slysko (Slovakia)
Martin Balko (Slovakia)
Fourth official:
Mark Shield (Australia)
Fifth official:
Nathan Gibson (Australia)

text: 2010 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Coach:  Milovan Rajevac

text:
No.

Pos.

Player

Date of birth (age)

Caps

Club

1

1GK

Daniel Adjei

 (1989-11-10)10 November 1989 (aged 20)

2

 Liberty Professionals

2

2DF

Hans Sarpei

 (1976-06-28)28 June 1976 (aged 33)

23

 Bayer Leverkusen

3

4FW

Asamoah Gyan

 (1985-11-22)22 November 1985 (aged 24)

32

 Rennes

4

2DF

John Paintsil

 (1981-06-15)15 June 1981 (aged 28)

65

 Fulham

5

2DF

John Mensah (c)

 (1982-11-29)29 November 1982 (aged 27)

58

 Sunderland

6

3MF

Anthony Annan

 (1986-07-21)21 July 1986 (aged 23)

38

 Rosenborg

7

2DF

Samuel Inkoom

 (1989-08-22)22 August 1989 (aged 20)

15

 Basel

8

2DF

Jonathan Mensah

 (1990-07-13)13 July 1990 (aged 19)

3

 Granada

9

3MF

Derek Boateng

 (1983-04-02)2 April 1983 (aged 27)

19

 Getafe

10

3MF

Stephen Appiah

 (1980-12-24)24 December 1980 (aged 29)

56

 Bologna

11

3MF

Sulley Muntari

 (1984-08-27)27 August 1984 (aged 25)

52

 Internazionale

12

4FW

Prince Tagoe

 (1986-11-09)9 November 1986 (aged 23)

17

 1899 Hoffenheim

13

3MF

André Ayew

 (1989-12-17)17 December 1989 (aged 20)

15

 Arles-Avignon

14

4FW

Matthew Amoah

 (1980-10-24)24 October 1980 (aged 29)

31

 NAC

15

2DF

Isaac Vorsah

 (1988-06-21)21 June 1988 (aged 21)

6

 1899 Hoffenheim

16

1GK

Stephen Ahorlu

 (1989-05-10)10 May 1989 (aged 21)

0

 Heart of Lions

17

2DF

Abdul Rahim Ayew

 (1988-04-16)16 April 1988 (aged 22)

6

 Zamalek

18

4FW

Dominic Adiyiah

 (1989-11-29)29 November 1989 (aged 20)

4

 Milan

19

2DF

Lee Addy

 (1985-09-26)26 September 1985 (aged 24)

3

 Bechem Chelsea

20

3MF

Quincy Owusu-Abeyie

 (1986-04-15)15 April 1986 (aged 24)

12

 Al-Sadd

21

3MF

Kwadwo Asamoah

 (1988-09-09)9 September 1988 (aged 21)

29

 Udinese

22

1GK

Richard Kingson

 (1978-06-13)13 June 1978 (aged 31)

58

 Wigan Athletic

23

3MF

Kevin-Prince Boateng

 (1987-03-06)6 March 1987 (aged 23)

0

 Portsmouth

text: Serbia vs Ghana[edit]

text: Asamoah Gyan scored only goal of the game came in the 85th minute from the penalty spot, shooting to the goalkeepers right after a handball offence by Zdravko Kuzmanovic.

text:
Serbia 0–1 Ghana

Report
Gyan  85' (pen.)

text:
Serbia[12]

Ghana[12]

text:
SERBIA:[12]

GK
1
Vladimir Stojković

RB
6
Branislav Ivanović

CB
13
Aleksandar Luković
 54', 74'

CB
5
Nemanja Vidić

LB
3
Aleksandar Kolarov

CM
11
Nenad Milijaš

 62'

CM
10
Dejan Stanković (c)

RW
17
Miloš Krasić

LW
14
Milan Jovanović

 76'

SS
9
Marko Pantelić

CF
15
Nikola Žigić
 19'
 69'

Substitutions:

MF
22
Zdravko Kuzmanović
 83'
 62'

FW
8
Danko Lazović

 69'

DF
20
Neven Subotić

 76'

Manager:

Radomir Antić

GHANA:[12]

GK
22
Richard Kingson

RB
4
John Paintsil

CB
15
Isaac Vorsah
 26'

CB
5
John Mensah (c)

LB
2
Hans Sarpei

CM
6
Anthony Annan

CM
23
Kevin-Prince Boateng

 90+1'

RW
12
Prince Tagoe
 89'

AM
21
Kwadwo Asamoah

 73'

LW
13
André Ayew

CF
3
Asamoah Gyan

 90+3'

Substitutions:

MF
10
Stephen Appiah

 73'

DF
19
Lee Addy

 90+1'

MF
20
Quincy Owusu-Abeyie

 90+3'

Manager:

 Milovan Rajevac

text:
Man of the Match:
Asamoah Gyan (Ghana)
Assistant referees:
Ricardo Casas (Argentina)[11]
Hernán Maidana (Argentina)[11]
Fourth official:
Subkhiddin Mohd Salleh (Malaysia)[11]
Fifth official:
Jeffrey Gek Pheng (Singapore)[11]

text: Ghana vs Australia[edit]

text: Asamoah Gyan scored the equalizer for Ghana in the 25th minute from the penalty spot, shooting low to the goalkeepers left after a handball by Harry Kewell on the goal-line for which he was shown a straight red card.

text:
Ghana 1–1 Australia
Gyan  25' (pen.)
Report
Holman  11'

text:
Ghana[13]

Australia[13]

text:
GHANA:

GK
22
Richard Kingson (c)

RB
4
John Paintsil

CB
8
Jonathan Mensah
 79'

CB
19
Lee Addy
 40'

LB
2
Hans Sarpei

DM
6
Anthony Annan
 84'

CM
23
Kevin-Prince Boateng

 87'

RW
12
Prince Tagoe

 56'

AM
21
Kwadwo Asamoah

 77'

LW
13
André Ayew

CF
3
Asamoah Gyan

Substitutions:

MF
20
Quincy Owusu-Abeyie

 56'

MF
11
Sulley Muntari

 77'

FW
14
Matthew Amoah

 87'

Manager:

 Milovan Rajevac

AUSTRALIA:

GK
1
Mark Schwarzer

RB
8
Luke Wilkshire

 84'

CB
2
Lucas Neill (c)

CB
3
Craig Moore
 85'

LB
21
David Carney

CM
5
Jason Culina

CM
16
Carl Valeri

RW
7
Brett Emerton

AM
14
Brett Holman

 68'

LW
23
Mark Bresciano

 66'

CF
10
Harry Kewell
 24'

Substitutions:

DF
11
Scott Chipperfield

 66'

FW
9
Joshua Kennedy

 68'

FW
17
Nikita Rukavytsya

 84'

Manager:

 Pim Verbeek

text:
Man of the Match:
Asamoah Gyan (Ghana)
Assistant referees:
Paolo Calcagno (Italy)
Stefano Ayroldi (Italy)
Fourth official:
Carlos Simon (Brazil)
Fifth official:
Altemir Hausmann (Brazil)

text: Ghana vs Germany[edit]

text:
Ghana 0–1 Germany

Report
Özil  60'

text:
Ghana[14]

Germany[14]

text:
GHANA:

GK
22
Richard Kingson

RB
4
John Paintsil

CB
5
John Mensah (c)

CB
8
Jonathan Mensah

LB
2
Hans Sarpei

DM
6
Anthony Annan

CM
23
Kevin-Prince Boateng

CM
21
Kwadwo Asamoah

RW
12
Prince Tagoe

 64'

LW
13
André Ayew
 40'
 90+2'

CF
3
Asamoah Gyan

 82'

Substitutions:

MF
11
Sulley Muntari

 64'

FW
14
Matthew Amoah

 82'

FW
18
Dominic Adiyiah

 90+2'

Manager:

 Milovan Rajevac

GERMANY:

GK
1
Manuel Neuer

RB
16
Philipp Lahm (c)

CB
17
Per Mertesacker

CB
3
Arne Friedrich

LB
20
Jérôme Boateng

 73'

CM
7
Bastian Schweinsteiger

 81'

CM
6
Sami Khedira

RW
13
Thomas Müller
 43'
 67'

AM
8
Mesut Özil

LW
10
Lukas Podolski

CF
19
Cacau

Substitutions:

MF
15
Piotr Trochowski

 67'

MF
2
Marcell Jansen

 73'

MF
18
Toni Kroos

 81'

Manager:

Joachim Löw

text:
Man of the Match:
Mesut Özil (Germany)
Assistant referees:
Altemir Hausmann (Brazil)
Roberto Braatz (Brazil)
Fourth official:
Martín Vázquez (Uruguay)
Fifth official:
Carlos Pastorino (Uruguay)

text: United States vs Ghana Second Round Match[edit]

text: United States vs Ghana was played on 26 June 2010 at the Royal Bafokeng Stadium in Rustenburg. The match was watched by 19 million Americans, making it the most watched association football match in American television history.[15] The match was won by Ghana in extra time, after Asamoah Gyan broke a 1–1 deadlock. Kevin-Prince Boateng scored the opening goal of the match for Ghana in the 5th minute. The goal followed an error by Ricardo Clark, who lost the ball to Ghana in midfield. Boateng took the ball to the edge of the penalty area, beating US goalkeeper Tim Howard with a low left foot shot. Landon Donovan equalised with a penalty kick in the 62nd minute, awarded after Jonathan Mensah fouled Clint Dempsey. The US had chances to win the game thereafter, but they were unable to get past Ghana's goalkeeper Richard Kingson. The match thus went to extra time. In the third minute, Gyan latched onto a high long ball, chesting it down and holding off two defenders before scoring the winner.[16] After the match, Ghana's coach Milovan Rajevac hailed his side's achievement in becoming one of the "best eight teams in the world", but regretted the number of players that would miss the quarter-final against Uruguay because of injury or suspension.[17] The president of the Soccer Federation, Sunil Gulati, lamented the team's failure to make the quarter-finals and thereby further raise the profile of the sport in the US.[18]

text:
United States 1–2 (a.e.t.) Ghana
Donovan  62' (pen.)
Report
Boateng  5'Gyan  93'

text:
United States[19]

Ghana[19]

text:
GK
1
Tim Howard

RB
6
Steve Cherundolo
 18'

CB
15
Jay DeMerit

CB
3
Carlos Bocanegra (c)
 68'

LB
12
Jonathan Bornstein

CM
4
Michael Bradley

CM
13
Ricardo Clark
 7'
 31'

RW
8
Clint Dempsey

LW
10
Landon Donovan

CF
17
Jozy Altidore

 91'

CF
20
Robbie Findley

 46'

Substitutions:

MF
19
Maurice Edu

 31'

MF
22
Benny Feilhaber

 46'

FW
9
Herculez Gomez

 91'

Manager:

Bob Bradley

GK
22
Richard Kingson

CB
4
John Paintsil

CB
5
John Mensah (c)

CB
8
Jonathan Mensah
 61'

RWB
7
Samuel Inkoom

 113'

LWB
2
Hans Sarpei

 73'

CM
6
Anthony Annan

CM
23
Kevin-Prince Boateng

 78'

RW
21
Kwadwo Asamoah

LW
13
André Ayew
 90+2'

CF
3
Asamoah Gyan

Substitutions:

DF
19
Lee Addy

 73'

MF
10
Stephen Appiah

 78'

MF
11
Sulley Muntari

 113'

Manager:

 Milovan Rajevac

text:
Man of the Match:
André Ayew (Ghana)
Assistant referees:
Gábor Erős (Hungary)
Tibor Vámos (Hungary)
Fourth official:
Michael Hester (New Zealand)
Fifth official:
Tevita Makasini (Tonga)

text: Uruguay vs Ghana Quarter-Final Match[edit]

text:
Uruguay and Ghana met on 2 July 2010 at Soccer City, Johannesburg for a place in the semi-final against the Netherlands. It was the first time that the teams had ever played each other in a senior competitive football match. After a dramatic 120 minutes of play (including extra time) that finished 1–1, Uruguay won in a penalty shoot-out 4–2.[20]
Uruguay dominated the early periods of the match, but suffered an injury to captain Diego Lugano in the first half. Just before half-time, Ghana took the lead when Sulley Muntari was allowed time on the ball by Uruguay, and took advantage by scoring with a shot from 40 yards. After half-time, Diego Forlán pulled Uruguay level with a free kick from the left side of the field that went over the head of Ghana's goalkeeper Richard Kingson. While both teams had chances to win, the match proceeded to extra time as the scores remained level. Late in extra time, Ghana sent a free kick into the box; Luis Suárez blocked Stephen Appiah's shot on the goal line.[21] On the rebound, Dominic Adiyiah's header was heading into the goal, but Suárez blatantly blocked the shot with his hands[22] to save what would have been the extra-time winner[23] and he was red carded. Asamoah Gyan missed the ensuing penalty kick off the crossbar[21] and Suárez celebrated the miss.[24][25][26] In the shootout, Gyan converted his penalty,[23] as did everybody else until the 4th round of penalty kicks when Adiyiah's penalty was saved by Uruguayan goalkeeper Fernando Muslera. Uruguay's Maxi Pereira then hit his penalty kick over the bar. Muslera saved Captain John Mensah's, and Ghana's fifth, penalty.[20] Sebastián Abreu converted Uruguay's fifth spot kick by lightly chipping it Panenka-style to win the match.[27]
After the game, Suárez said, "I made the save of the tournament,"[23] and, referring to the infamous handball goal scored by Diego Maradona in the 1986 World Cup, claimed that "The 'Hand of God' now belongs to me." Suárez claimed he had no alternative and was acting out of instinct.[28] Forlán agreed that Suárez saved the game, "Suárez this time, instead of scoring goals, he saved one, I think he saved the game.[23]
Ghana coach Milovan Rajevac said the play was an "injustice"[25] and Suárez was labeled a "villain"[28][29] and a "cheat".[22][30] But Uruguay coach, Óscar Tabárez, said these labels were too harsh, "Well, there was a handball in the penalty area, there was a red card and Suárez was thrown out. Saying that Ghana were cheated out of the game is too harsh. We have to go by the rules. It might have been a mistake by my player but I do not like that word ‘cheating’."[31]
Ghana was the last African team left in the tournament and if they had won, they would have been the first team from Africa to ever make the semifinals.[32] Thus, Suárez was said to have "enraged an entire continent [Africa]."[24] But others viewed him as a hero[22][24][33] who sacrificed himself in the semifinal for the unlikely chance that his team could win.[30][34] A distraught Gyan conceded, "I would say Suárez is a hero now in his own country, because the ball was going in and he held it with his hand. He is a hero now."[32]

text:
Uruguay 1–1 (a.e.t.) Ghana
Forlán  55'
Report
Muntari  45+2'
Penalties
Forlán Victorino Scotti M. Pereira Abreu
4–2
 Gyan Appiah Mensah Adiyiah

text:
Uruguay[35]

Ghana[35]

text:
GK
1
Fernando Muslera

RB
16
Maxi Pereira

CB
2
Diego Lugano (c)

 38'

CB
6
Mauricio Victorino

LB
4
Jorge Fucile
 20'

RM
20
Álvaro Fernández

 46'

CM
15
Diego Pérez
 59'

CM
17
Egidio Arévalo Ríos
 48'

LM
7
Edinson Cavani

 76'

CF
9
Luis Suárez
 120+1'

CF
10
Diego Forlán

Substitutions:

DF
19
Andrés Scotti

 38'

MF
14
Nicolás Lodeiro

 46'

FW
13
Sebastián Abreu

 76'

Manager:

Óscar Tabárez

GK
22
Richard Kingson

RB
4
John Paintsil
 54'

CB
15
Isaac Vorsah

CB
5
John Mensah (c)
 93'

LB
2
Hans Sarpei
 77'

DM
6
Anthony Annan

RM
7
Samuel Inkoom

 74'

CM
21
Kwadwo Asamoah

CM
23
Kevin-Prince Boateng

LM
11
Sulley Muntari

 88'

CF
3
Asamoah Gyan

Substitutions:

MF
10
Stephen Appiah

 74'

FW
18
Dominic Adiyiah

 88'

Manager:

 Milovan Rajevac

text:
Man of the Match:
Diego Forlán (Uruguay)
Assistant referees:
José Manuel Silva Cardinal (Portugal)
Bertino Miranda (Portugal)
Fourth official:
Alberto Undiano Mallenco (Spain)
Fifth official:
Fermín Martínez Ibánez (Spain)

text: 2014 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Head coach:  James Kwesi Appiah

text: The final squad was announced on 1 June 2014.[36] On 26 June 2014, midfielders Sulley Muntari and Kevin-Prince Boateng were sent home and indefinitely suspended from the national team for disciplinary reasons.[37][38]

text:
No.

Pos.

Player

Date of birth (age)

Caps

Club

1

1GK

Stephen Adams

 (1989-09-28)28 September 1989 (aged 24)

7

 Aduana Stars

2

2DF

Samuel Inkoom

 (1989-06-01)1 June 1989 (aged 25)

46

 Platanias[39]

3

4FW

Asamoah Gyan (c)

 (1985-11-22)22 November 1985 (aged 28)

79

 Al-Ain

4

2DF

Daniel Opare

 (1990-10-18)18 October 1990 (aged 23)

16

 Standard Liège[40]

5

3MF

Michael Essien

 (1982-12-03)3 December 1982 (aged 31)

57

 Milan

6

3MF

Afriyie Acquah

 (1992-01-05)5 January 1992 (aged 22)

5

 Parma

7

3MF

Christian Atsu

 (1992-01-10)10 January 1992 (aged 22)

23

 Vitesse[41]

8

3MF

Emmanuel Agyemang-Badu

 (1990-12-02)2 December 1990 (aged 23)

49

 Udinese

9

4FW

Kevin-Prince Boateng

 (1987-03-06)6 March 1987 (aged 27)

13

 Schalke 04

10

3MF

André Ayew

 (1989-12-17)17 December 1989 (aged 24)

49

 Marseille

11

3MF

Sulley Muntari

 (1984-08-27)27 August 1984 (aged 29)

82

 Milan

12

1GK

Adam Kwarasey

 (1987-12-12)12 December 1987 (aged 26)

21

 Strømsgodset

13

4FW

Jordan Ayew

 (1991-09-11)11 September 1991 (aged 22)

13

 Sochaux[42]

14

3MF

Albert Adomah

 (1987-12-13)13 December 1987 (aged 26)

15

 Middlesbrough

15

2DF

Rashid Sumaila

 (1992-12-18)18 December 1992 (aged 21)

6

 Mamelodi Sundowns

16

1GK

Fatau Dauda

 (1985-04-06)6 April 1985 (aged 29)

18

 Orlando Pirates

17

3MF

Mohammed Rabiu

 (1989-12-31)31 December 1989 (aged 24)

17

 Kuban Krasnodar

18

4FW

Majeed Waris

 (1991-09-19)19 September 1991 (aged 22)

13

 Valenciennes[43]

19

2DF

Jonathan Mensah

 (1990-07-13)13 July 1990 (aged 23)

27

 Evian

20

3MF

Kwadwo Asamoah

 (1988-12-09)9 December 1988 (aged 25)

62

 Juventus

21

2DF

John Boye

 (1987-04-23)23 April 1987 (aged 27)

30

 Rennes

22

3MF

Wakaso Mubarak

 (1990-07-25)25 July 1990 (aged 23)

17

 Rubin Kazan

23

2DF

Harrison Afful

 (1986-06-24)24 June 1986 (aged 27)

41

 Espérance

text: Ghana vs United States[edit]

text: The United States beat Ghana, 2-1.

text: Germany vs Ghana[edit]

text: Germany and Ghana tied, 2-2.

text: Portugal vs Ghana[edit]

text: Portugal beat Ghana, 2-1.

text: Record Players[edit]

text:
No.

Name

Matches

World Cups

1
Asamoah Gyan
11
2006, 2010 and 2014

2

Richard Kingson
9
2006 and 2010

John Paintsil
9
2006 and 2010

Sulley Muntari
9
2006, 2010 and 2014

5

John Mensah
8
2006 and 2010

Kwadwo Asamoah
8
2010 and 2014

7

Stephen Appiah
7
2006 and 2010

André Ayew
7
2010 and 2014

Kevin-Prince Boateng
7
2010 and 2014

10

Matthew Amoah
6
2006 and 2010

Jonathan Mensah
6
2010 and 2014

text: Top Goalscorers[edit]

text:
No.

Name

Goals

World Cups

1
Asamoah Gyan
6
2006, 2010 and 2014

2

Sulley Muntari
2
2006 and 2010

André Ayew
2
2014

4

Stephen Appiah
1
2006

Haminu Draman
1
2006

Kevin-Prince Boateng
1
2010


document_title: I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus

question_text: who sang i saw mama kissing santa claus

question_tokens: who sang i saw mama kissing santa claus

root

text: I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus

text: Jimmy Boyd original version[edit]

text: The original recording by Jimmy Boyd, recorded on July 15, 1952 when he was 13 years old,[1] reached No. 1 on the Billboard pop singles chart in December 1952, and on the Cash Box chart at the beginning of the following year. It later reached Number 3 in the UK Charts when issued there in November 1953. The song was commissioned by Saks Fifth Avenue to promote the store's Christmas card for the year, which featured an original sketch by artist Perry Barlow, who drew for The New Yorker for many decades.

tag: p

text: The song describes a scene where a child walks downstairs from his bedroom on Christmas Eve to see his mother kissing "Santa Claus" under the mistletoe.

text: Boyd's record was condemned by the Roman Catholic Church in Boston when it was released on the grounds that it mixed kissing with Christmas. Boyd was photographed meeting with the Archdiocese to explain the song. After the meeting, the ban was lifted.[citation needed]

text: Spike Jones version[edit]

text: A less successful version of the song was released in 1952 by Spike Jones[2] (with vocal by George Rock in the little boy voice used in Spike's hit "All I Want For Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth"). Jones also recorded a parody for his personal pleasure titled "I Saw Mommy Screwing Santa Claus."[3]

text: Cover versions[edit]

text: Popular versions of the song were released by the Ronettes, Molly Bee, Bobby Sherman, Andy Williams, The Beverley Sisters, The Four Seasons, and The Jackson 5. Reba McEntire, Homer and Jethro, Amy Winehouse, John Mellencamp, Mitch Miller, John Prine, Sammi Sanchez, Tiny Tim, The Cheetah Girls, Bif Naked, Jessica Simpson, Teresa Brewer, Rica Fukami, Secret Chiefs 3 and Dionne Bromfield have also covered it. The Dollyrots recorded a variation (titled "I Saw Mommy Biting Santa Claus") with humorous lyrics. RuPaul and Kip Addotta both recorded versions with changed lyrics titled "I Saw Daddy Kissing Santa Claus". Swedish band Onkel Kånkel took this even further with their version "Jag såg tomten suga pappa" (I saw Santa suck off daddy).

text: John Mellencamp also filmed a music video to promote his recording for the 1987 Special Olympics charity album, A Very Special Christmas.[4]

text: International versions[edit]

text:
Danish: "Jeg så julemanden kysse mor" (Danish text: Susanne Palsbo)
Finnish: "Kun joulupukki suukon sai" (Finnish text: Saukki)
French: "J'ai vu maman embrasser le Père Noël" (French text: Louis Gasté)
Norwegian: "Jeg så mamma kysse nissen" (Norwegian text: Philip A. Kruse)
Swedish: "Jag såg mamma kyssa tomten" (Swedish text: Ingrid "Ninita" Reuterskiöld)
Mexican: "Hoy vi a Santa Claus besar a mamá" (Spanish text: Anibal Pastor)
Icelandic: "Ég sá mömmu kyssa jólasvein"

tag: ul

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: A made-for-television movie based on the song was released in 2001.


document_title: Measuring instrument

question_text: name three tools that scientists could use to measure liquids

question_tokens: name three tools that scientists could use to measure liquids

text: Measuring instrument

text: Time[edit]

text: In the past, a common time measuring instrument was the sundial. Today, the usual measuring instruments for time are clocks and watches. For highly accurate measurement of time an atomic clock is used. Stop watches are also used to measure time in some sports.

text: Energy[edit]

text: Energy is measured by an energy meter. Examples of energy meters include:

text: Electricity meter[edit]

text: An electricity meter measures energy directly in kilowatt hours.

text: Gas meter[edit]

text: A gas meter measures energy indirectly by recording the volume of gas used. This figure can then be converted to a measure of energy by multiplying it by the calorific value of the gas.

text: Power (flux of energy)[edit]

text: A physical system that exchanges energy may be described by the amount of energy exchanged per time-interval, also called power or flux of energy.

text: (see any measurement device for power below)

text: For the ranges of power-values see: Orders of magnitude (power).

text: Action[edit]

text: Action describes energy summed up over the time a process lasts (time integral over energy). Its dimension is the same as that of an angular momentum.

text: A phototube provides a voltage measurement which permits the calculation of the quantized action (Planck constant) of light. Also see photoelectric effect.

text: Mechanics[edit]

text: This includes basic quantities found in classical- and continuum mechanics; but strives to exclude temperature-related questions or quantities.

text: Length (distance)[edit]

text: Length, distance, or range meter

text: For the ranges of length-values see: Orders of magnitude (length)

text: Area[edit]

text: Planimeter

text: For the ranges of area-values see: Orders of magnitude (area)

text: Volume[edit]

text:
Buoyant weight (solids)
Overflow trough (solids)
Measuring cup (grained solids, liquids)
Flow measurement devices (liquids)
Graduated cylinder (liquids)
Pipette (liquids)
Eudiometer, pneumatic trough (gases)

text: If the mass density of a solid is known, weighing allows to calculate the volume.

text: For the ranges of volume-values see: Orders of magnitude (volume)

text: Mass- or volume flow measurement[edit]

text:
Gas meter
Mass flow meter
Metering pump
Water meter

text: Speed (flux of length)[edit]

text:
Airspeed indicator
Radar gun, a Doppler radar device, using the Doppler effect for indirect measurement of velocity.
LIDAR speed gun
Speedometer
Tachometer (speed of rotation)
Tachymeter
Variometer

text: For the ranges of speed-values see: Orders of magnitude (speed)

text: Acceleration[edit]

text: Accelerometer

text: Mass[edit]

text:
Balance
Automatic checkweighing machines
Katharometer
Weighing scales
Inertial balance
Mass spectrometers measure the mass-to-charge ratio, not the mass.

text: For the ranges of mass-values see: Orders of magnitude (mass)

text: Linear momentum[edit]

text: Ballistic pendulum

text: Force (flux of linear momentum)[edit]

text:
Force gauge
Spring scale
Strain gauge
Torsion balance
Tribometer

text: Pressure (flux density of linear momentum)[edit]

text:
Anemometer (used to determine wind speed)
Barometer used to measure the atmospheric pressure.
Manometer see pressure measurement
Pitot tube (used to determine speed)
Tire-pressure gauge in industry and mobility

text: For the ranges of pressure-values see: Orders of magnitude (pressure)

text: Angle[edit]

text:
Circumferentor
Cross staff
Goniometer
Graphometer
Protractor
Quadrant
Reflecting instruments

Octant
Reflecting circles
Sextant

Theodolite

text: Angular velocity or rotations per time unit[edit]

text:
Stroboscope
Tachometer

text: For the value-ranges of angular velocity see: Orders of magnitude (angular velocity)

text: For the ranges of frequency see: Orders of magnitude (frequency)

text: Torque[edit]

text:
Dynamometer
de Prony brake
Torque wrench

text: Orientation in three-dimensional space[edit]

text: See also the section about navigation below.

text: Level[edit]

text:
Dumpy level
Laser line level
Spirit level

text: Direction[edit]

text: Gyroscope

text: Energy carried by mechanical quantities, mechanical work[edit]

text: Ballistic pendulum, indirectly by calculation and or gauging

text: Electricity, electronics and electrical engineering[edit]

text: Considerations related to electric charge dominate electricity and electronics. Electrical charges interact via a field. That field is called electric if the charge doesn't move. If the charge moves, thus realizing an electric current, especially in an electrically neutral conductor, that field is called magnetic. Electricity can be given a quality — a potential. And electricity has a substance-like property, the electric charge. Energy (or power) in elementary electrodynamics is calculated by multiplying the potential by the amount of charge (or current) found at that potential: potential times charge (or current). (See Classical electromagnetism and its Covariant formulation of classical electromagnetism)

text: Electric charge[edit]

text:
Electrometer is often used to reconfirm the phenomenon of contact electricity leading to triboelectric sequences.
Torsion balance used by Coulomb to establish a relation between charges and force, see above.

text: For the ranges of charge values see: Orders of magnitude (charge)

text: Electric current (current of charge)[edit]

text: This section needs more links to other articles to help integrate it into the encyclopedia. Please help improve this article by adding links that are relevant to the context within the existing text. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
Ammeter
Clamp meter
Galvanometer
D'Arsonval galvanometer

text: Voltage (electric potential difference)[edit]

text:
Oscilloscope allows to quantify time depended voltages
Voltmeter

text: Electric resistance, electrical conductance (and electrical conductivity)[edit]

text:
Ohmmeter
Time-domain reflectometer characterizes and locates faults in metallic cables by runtime measurements of electric signals.
Wheatstone bridge

text: Electric capacitance[edit]

text: Capacitance meter

text: Electric inductance[edit]

text: Inductance meter

text: Energy carried by electricity or electric energy[edit]

text:
Electric energy meter
Electricity meter

text: Power carried by electricity (current of energy)[edit]

text: Wattmeter

text: Electric field (negative gradient of electric potential, voltage per length)[edit]

text: Field mill

text: Magnetic field[edit]

text: See also the relevant section in the article about the magnetic field.

text:
Compass
Hall effect sensor
Magnetometer
Proton magnetometer
SQUID

text: For the ranges of magnetic field see: Orders of magnitude (magnetic field)

text: Combination instruments[edit]

text:
Multimeter, combines the functions of ammeter, voltmeter and ohmmeter as a minimum.
LCR meter, combines the functions of ohmmeter, capacitance meter and inductance meter. Also called component bridge due to the bridge circuit method of measurement.

text: Thermodynamics[edit]

text: Temperature-related considerations dominate thermodynamics. There are two distinct thermal properties: A thermal potential — the temperature. For example: A glowing coal has a different thermal quality than a non-glowing one.

text: And a substance-like property, — the entropy; for example: One glowing coal won't heat a pot of water, but a hundred will.

text: Energy in thermodynamics is calculated by multipying the thermal potential by the amount of entropy found at that potential: temperature times entropy.

text: Entropy can be created by friction but not annihilated.

text: Amount of substance (or mole number)[edit]

text: Gas collecting tube gases

text: Temperature[edit]

text:
Electromagnetic spectroscopy
Galileo thermometer
Gas thermometer principle: relation between temperature and volume or pressure of a gas (Gas laws).

constant pressure gas thermometer
constant volume gas thermometer

Liquid crystal thermometer
liquid thermometer principle: relation between temperature and volume of a liquid (Coefficient of thermal expansion).

Alcohol thermometer
Mercury-in-glass thermometer

Pyranometer principle: solar radiation flux density relates to surface temperature (Stefan–Boltzmann law)
Pyrometers principle: temperature dependence of spectral intensity of light (Planck's law), i.e. the color of the light relates to the temperature of its source, range: from about −50 °C to +4000 °C, note: measurement of thermal radiation (instead of thermal conduction, or thermal convection) means: no physical contact becomes necessary in temperature measurement (pyrometry). Also note: thermal space resolution (images) found in Thermography.
Resistance thermometer principle: relation between temperature and electrical resistance of metals (platinum) (Electrical resistance), range: 10 to 1,000 kelvins, application in physics and industry
solid thermometer principle: relation between temperature and length of a solid (Coefficient of thermal expansion).

Bi-metallic strip

Thermistors principle: relation between temperature and electrical resistance of ceramics or polymers, range: from about 0.01 to 2,000 kelvins (−273.14 to 1,700 °C)
Thermocouples principle: relation between temperature and voltage of metal junctions (Seebeck effect), range: from about −200 °C to +1350 °C
Thermometer
Thermopile is a set of connected thermocouples
Triple Point cell used for calibrating thermometers.

text: Imaging technology[edit]

text: Thermographic camera uses a microbolometer for detection of heat-radiation.

text: See also Temperature measurement and Category:Thermometers. More technically related may be seen thermal analysis methods in materials science.

text: For the ranges of temperature-values see: Orders of magnitude (temperature)

text: Energy carried by entropy or thermal energy[edit]

text: This includes thermal capacitance or temperature coefficient of energy, reaction energy, heat flow ... Calorimeters are called passive if gauged to measure emerging energy carried by entropy, for example from chemical reactions. Calorimeters are called active or heated if they heat the sample, or reformulated: if they are gauged to fill the sample with a defined amount of entropy.

text:
Actinometer measures the heating power of radiation.
constant-temperature calorimeter, phase change calorimeter for example an ice calorimeter or any other calorimeter observing a phase change or using a gauged phase change for heat measurement.
constant-volume calorimeter, also called bomb calorimeter
constant-pressure calorimeter, enthalpy-meter or coffee cup calorimeter
Differential Scanning Calorimeter
Reaction calorimeter

text: Entropy[edit]

text: Entropy is accessible indirectly by measurement of energy and temperature.

text: Entropy transfer[edit]

text: Phase change calorimeter's energy value divided by absolute temperature give the entropy exchanged. Phase changes produce no entropy and therefore offer themselves as an entropy measurement concept. Thus entropy values occur indirectly by processing energy measurements at defined temperatures, without producing entropy.

text:
constant-temperature calorimeter, phase change calorimeter
Heat flux sensor uses thermopiles which are connected thermocouples to determine current density or flux of entropy.

text: Entropy content[edit]

text: The given sample is cooled down to (almost) absolute zero (for example by submerging the sample in liquid helium). At absolute zero temperature any sample is assumed to contain no entropy (see Third law of thermodynamics for further information). Then the following two active calorimeter types can be used to fill the sample with entropy until the desired temperature has been reached: (see also Thermodynamic databases for pure substances)

text:
constant-pressure calorimeter, enthalpy-meter, active
constant-temperature calorimeter, phase change calorimeter, active

text: Entropy production[edit]

text: Processes transferring energy from a non-thermal carrier to heat as a carrier do produce entropy (Example: mechanical/electrical friction, established by Count Rumford). Either the produced entropy or heat are measured (calorimetry) or the transferred energy of the non-thermal carrier may be measured.

text:
calorimeter
(any device for measuring the work which will or would eventually be converted to heat and the ambient temperature)

text: Entropy lowering its temperature—without losing energy—produces entropy (Example: Heat conduction in an isolated rod; "thermal friction").

text: calorimeter

text: temperature coefficient of energy or "heat capacity"[edit]

text: Concerning a given sample, a proportionality factor relating temperature change and energy carried by heat. If the sample is a gas, then this coefficient depends significantly on being measured at constant volume or at constant pressure. (The terminiology preference in the heading indicates that the classical use of heat bars it from having substance-like properties.)

text:
constant-volume calorimeter, bomb calorimeter
constant-pressure calorimeter, enthalpy-meter

text: specific temperature coefficient of energy or "specific heat"[edit]

text: The temperature coefficient of energy divided by a substance-like quantity (amount of substance, mass, volume) describing the sample. Usually calculated from measurements by a division or could be measured directly using a unit amount of that sample.

text: For the ranges of specific heat capacities see: Orders of magnitude (specific heat capacity)

text: Coefficient of thermal expansion[edit]

text:
Dilatometer
Strain gauge

text: Melting temperature (of a solid)[edit]

text:
Thiele tube
Kofler bench
Differential Scanning Calorimeter gives melting point and enthalpy of fusion.

text: Boiling temperature (of a liquid)[edit]

text: Ebullioscope a device for measuring the boiling point of a liquid. This device is also part of a method that uses the effect of boiling point elevation for calculating the molecular mass of a solvent.

text: See also thermal analysis, Heat.

text: More on continuum mechanics[edit]

text: This includes mostly instruments which measure macroscopic properties of matter: In the fields of solid state physics; in condensed matter physics which considers solids, liquids and in-betweens exhibiting for example viscoelastic behavior. Furthermore, fluid mechanics, where liquids, gases, plasmas and in-betweens like supercritical fluids are studied.

text: Density[edit]

text: This refers to particle density of fluids and compact(ed) solids like crystals, in contrast to bulk density of grainy or porous solids.

text:
Aerometer liquids
Dasymeter gases
Gas collecting tube gases
Hydrometer liquids
Pycnometer liquids
Resonant frequency and Damping Analyser (RFDA) solids

text: For the ranges of density-values see: Orders of magnitude (density)

text: Hardness of a solid[edit]

text: Durometer

text: Shape and surface of a solid[edit]

text:
Holographic interferometer
Laser produced speckle pattern analysed.
Resonant frequency and Damping Analyser (RFDA)
Tribometer

text: Deformation of condensed matter[edit]

text: Strain gauge all below

text: Elasticity of a solid (elastic moduli)[edit]

text: resonant frequency and Damping Analyser (RFDA), using the impulse excitation technique: A small mechanical impulse causes the sample to vibrate. The vibration depends on elastic properties, density, geometry and inner structures (lattice or fissures).

text: Plasticity of a solid[edit]

text:
Cam plastometer
Plastometer

text: Tensile strength, ductility or malleability of a solid[edit]

text: Universal Testing Machine

text: Granularity of a solid or of a suspension[edit]

text: Grindometer

text: Viscosity of a fluid[edit]

text:
Rheometer
Viscometer

text: Optical activity[edit]

text: Polarimeter

text: Surface tension of liquids[edit]

text: Tensiometer

text: Imaging technology[edit]

text:
Tomograph, device and method for non-destructive analysis of multiple measurements done on a geometric object, for producing 2- or 3-dimensional images, representing the inner structure of that geometric object.
Wind tunnel

text: This section and the following sections include instruments from the wide field of Category:Materials science, materials science.

text: More on electric properties of condensed matter, gas[edit]

text: Permittivity, relative static permittivity, (dielectric constant) or electric susceptibility[edit]

text: Capacitor

text: Such measurements also allow to access values of molecular dipoles.

text: Magnetic susceptibility or magnetization[edit]

text: Gouy balance

text: For other methods see the section in the article about magnetic susceptibility.

text: See also the Category:Electric and magnetic fields in matter

text: Substance potential or chemical potential or molar Gibbs energy[edit]

text: Phase conversions like changes of aggregate state, chemical reactions or nuclear reactions transmuting substances, from reactants to products, or diffusion through membranes have an overall energy balance. Especially at constant pressure and constant temperature molar energy balances define the notion of a substance potential or chemical potential or molar Gibbs energy, which gives the energetic information about whether the process is possible or not - in a closed system.

text: Energy balances that include entropy consist of two parts: A balance that accounts for the changed entropy content of the substances. And another one that accounts for the energy freed or taken by that reaction itself, the Gibbs energy change. The sum of reaction energy and energy associated to the change of entropy content is also called enthalpy. Often the whole enthalpy is carried by entropy and thus measurable calorimetrically.

text: For standard conditions in chemical reactions either molar entropy content and molar Gibbs energy with respect to some chosen zero point are tabulated. Or molar entropy content and molar enthalpy with respect to some chosen zero are tabulated. (See Standard enthalpy change of formation and Standard molar entropy)

text: The substance potential of a redox reaction is usually determined electrochemically current-free using reversible cells.

text: Redox electrode

text: Other values may be determined indirectly by calorimetry. Also by analyzing phase-diagrams.

text: See also the article on electrochemistry.

text: Sub-microstructural properties of condensed matter, gas[edit]

text:
Infrared spectroscopy
Neutron detector
Radio frequency spectrometers for Nuclear magnetic resonance and for Electron paramagnetic resonance
Raman spectroscopy

text: Crystal structure[edit]

text: An X-ray tube, a sample scattering the X-rays and a photographic plate to detect them. This constellation forms the scattering instrument used by X-ray crystallography for investigating crystal structures of samples. Amorphous solids lack a distinct pattern and are identifyable thereby.

text: Imaging technology, Microscope[edit]

text:
Electron microscope

Transmission electron microscope

Optical microscope uses reflectiveness or refractiveness of light to produce an image.
Scanning acoustic microscope
Scanning probe microscope

Atomic force microscope (AFM)
Scanning electron microscope
Scanning tunneling microscope (STM)

Focus variation
X-ray microscope

text: See also the article on spectroscopy and the list of materials analysis methods.

text: Rays ("waves" and "particles")[edit]

text: Sound, compression waves in matter[edit]

text: Microphones in general, sometimes their sensitivity is increased by the reflection- and concentration principle realized in acoustic mirrors.

text:
Laser microphone
Seismometer

text: Sound pressure[edit]

text:
Microphone or hydrophone properly gauged
Shock tube
Sound level meter

text: Light and radiation without a rest mass, non-ionizing[edit]

text:
Antenna (radio)
Bolometer measuring the energy of incident electromagnetic radiation.
Camera
EMF meter
Interferometer used in the wide field of Interferometry
Optical power meter
Microwave power meter
Photographic plate
Photomultiplier
Phototube
Radio telescope
Spectrometer
T-ray detectors

text: (for lux meter see the section about human senses and human body)

text: See also Category:Optical devices

text: Photon polarization[edit]

text: Polarizer

text: Pressure (current density of linear momentum)[edit]

text: Nichols radiometer

text: Radiant flux[edit]

text: The measure of the total power of light emitted.

text: Integrating sphere for measuring the total radiant flux of a light source

text: Radiation with a rest mass, particle radiation[edit]

text: Cathode ray[edit]

text:
Crookes tube
Cathode ray tube, a phosphor coated anode

text: Atom polarization and electron polarization[edit]

text: Stern–Gerlach experiment

text: Ionizing radiation[edit]

text: Ionizing radiation includes rays of "particles" as well as rays of "waves". Especially X-rays and Gamma rays transfer enough energy in non-thermal, (single) collision processes to separate electron(s) from an atom.

text: Particle and ray flux[edit]

text:
Bubble chamber
Cloud chamber
Dosimeter, a technical device realizes different working principles.
Geiger counter
Microchannel plate detector
Photographic plate
Photostimulable phosphors
Scintillation counter, Lucas cell
Semiconductor detector
proportional counter
ionisation chamber

text: Identification and content[edit]

text: This could include chemical substances, rays of any kind, elementary particles, quasiparticles. Many measurement devices outside this section may be used or at least become part of an identification process. For identification and content concerning chemical substances see also analytical chemistry especially its List of chemical analysis methods and the List of materials analysis methods.

text: Substance content in mixtures, substance identification[edit]

text:
Carbon dioxide sensor
chromatographic device, gas chromatograph separates mixtures of substances. Different velocites of the substance types accomplish the separation.
Colorimeter (measures absorbance, and thus concentration)
gas detector
Gas detector in combination with mass spectrometer,
mass spectrometer identifies the chemical composition of a sample on the basis of the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles.
Nephelometer or turbidimeter
oxygen sensor (= lambda sond)
Refractometer, indirectly by determining the refractive index of a substance.
Smoke detector
Ultracentrifuge, separates mixtures of substances. In a force field of a centrifuge, substances of different densities separate.

text: pH: Concentration of protons in a solution[edit]

text:
pH meter
Saturated calomel electrode

text: Humidity[edit]

text:
Hygrometer measures the density of water in air
Lysimeter measures the balance of water in soil

text: Human senses and human body[edit]

text: This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: non-standard section titles Please help improve this section if you can. (February 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Sight[edit]

text: Brightness: photometry[edit]

text: Photometry is the measurement of light in terms of its perceived brightness to the human eye. Photometric quantities derive from analogous radiometric quantities by weighting the contribution of each wavelength by a luminosity function that models the eye's spectral sensitivity. For the ranges of possible values, see the orders of magnitude in: illuminance, luminance, and luminous flux.

text:
Photometers of various kinds:

Lux meter for measuring illuminance, i.e. incident luminous flux per unit area
Luminance meter for measuring luminance, i.e. luminous flux per unit area and unit solid angle
Light meter, an instrument used to set photographic exposures. It can be either a lux meter (incident-light meter) or a luminance meter (reflected-light meter), and is calibrated in photographic units.

Integrating sphere for collecting the total luminous flux of a light source, which can then be measured by a photometer
Densitometer for measuring the degree to which a photographic material reflects or transmits light

text: Color: colorimetry[edit]

text: Tristimulus colorimeter for quantifying colors and calibrating an imaging workflow

text: Hearing[edit]

text: Loudness in phon[edit]

text:
Headphone, loudspeaker, sound pressure gauge, for measuring an equal-loudness contour of a human ear.
Sound level meter calibrated to an equal-loudness contour of the human auditory system behind the human ear.

text: Smell[edit]

text: Olfactometer, see also the article about olfaction.

text: Temperature (sense and body)[edit]

text: Body temperature or core temperature[edit]

text: Medical thermometer, see also infrared thermometer

text: Circulatory system (mainly heart and blood vessels for distributing substances fast)[edit]

text: Blood-related parameters are listed in a blood test.

text:
Electrocardiograph records the electrical activity of the heart
Glucose meter for obtaining the status of blood sugar.
Sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure meter used to determine blood pressure in medicine. See also Category:Blood tests

text: Respiratory system (lung and airways controlling the breathing process)[edit]

text: Spirometer

text: Concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the respiratory gases[edit]

text: Capnograph

text: Nervous system (nerves transmitting and processing information electrically)[edit]

text: Electroencephalograph records the electrical activity of the brain

text: Musculoskeletal system (muscles and bones for movement)[edit]

text: power, work of muscles[edit]

text: Ergometer

text: metabolic system[edit]

text: Body fat meter

text: Medical imaging[edit]

text:
Computed tomography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical ultrasonography
Radiology
Tomograph, device and method for non-destructive analysis of multiple measurements done on a geometric object, for producing 2- or 3-dimensional images, representing the inner structure of that geometric object.

text: See also: Category:Physiological instruments and Category:Medical testing equipment.

text: Meteorology[edit]

text: See also Category:Meteorological instrumentation and equipment.

text: Navigation and surveying[edit]

text: See also Category:Navigational equipment and Category:Navigation. See also Surveying instruments.

text: Astronomy[edit]

text:
Radio antenna
Telescope

text: See also Astronomical instruments and Category:Astronomical observatories.

text: Military[edit]

text: Some instruments, such as telescopes and sea navigation instruments, have had military applications for many centuries. However, the role of instruments in military affairs rose exponentially with the development of technology via applied science, which began in the mid-19th century and has continued through the present day. Military instruments as a class draw on most of the categories of instrument described throughout this article, such as navigation, astronomy, optics and imaging, and the kinetics of moving objects. Common abstract themes that unite military instruments are seeing into the distance, seeing in the dark, knowing an object's geographic location, and knowing and controlling a moving object's path and destination. Special features of these instruments may include ease of use, speed, reliability and accuracy.

text: Uncategorized, specialized, or generalized application[edit]

text:
Aktograph measures and records animal activity within an experimental chamber.
Checkweigher measures precise weight of items in a conveyor line, rejecting under or overweight objects.
Densitometer measures light transmission through processed photographic film or transparent material or light reflection from a reflective material.
Force platform measures ground reaction force.
Gauge (engineering) A highly precise measurement instrument, also usable to calibrate other instruments of the same kind. Often found in conjunction with defining or applying technical standards.
Gradiometer any device that measures spatial variations of a physical quantity. For example, as done in gravity gradiometry.
Parking meter measures time a vehicle is parked at a particular spot, usually with a fee.
Postage meter measures postage used from a prepaid account.
S meter measures the signal strength processed by a communications receiver.
Sensor, hypernym for devices that measure with little interaction, typically used in technical applications.
Spectroscope is an important tool used by physicists.
SWR meter check the quality of the match between the antenna and the transmission line.
Time-domain reflectometer locates faults in metallic cables.
Universal measuring machine measures geometric locations for inspecting tolerances.

text: Fictional devices[edit]

text:
Tricorder, a multipurpose scanning device, originating from the science-fictional Star Trek series.
Sonic Screwdriver, a multifunctional device used occasionally for scanning, originating from the science-fictional Doctor Who series.


document_title: Tour operator

question_text: what is the role of a tour operator in tourism industry

text: Tour operator

text: This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: A tour operator typically combines tour and travel components to create a package holiday. They advertise and produce brochures to promote their products, holidays and itineraries.

text: The most common example of a tour operator's product would be a flight on a charter airline plus a transfer from the airport to a hotel and the services of a local representative, all for one price. Niche tour operators may specialise in destinations, e.g. Italy, activities and experiences, e.g. skiing, or a combination thereof.

text: The original raison d'être of tour operating was the difficulty for ordinary folk of making arrangements in far-flung places, with problems of language, currency and communication. The advent of the internet has led to a rapid increase in self-packaging of holidays. However, tour operators still have their competence in arranging tours for those who do not have time to do DIY holidays, and specialize in large group events and meetings such as conferences or seminars. Also, tour operators still exercise contracting power with suppliers (airlines, hotels, other land arrangements, cruise companies and so on) and influence over other entities (tourism boards and other government authorities) in order to create packages and special group departures for destinations that might otherwise be difficult and expensive to visit.

text: The three major tour operator associations in the U.S. are the National Tour Association (NTA), the United States Tour Operators Association (USTOA), and the American Bus Association (ABA). In Europe, there are the European Tour Operators Association (ETOA), and in the UK, the Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) and the Association of Independent Tour Operators (AITO).  The primary association for receptive North American inbound tour operators is the Receptive Services Association of America (RSAA).


document_title: Madison Avenue

question_text: are there still ad agencies on madison ave

text: Madison Avenue

text: Route[edit]

text: Madison Avenue carries one-way traffic uptown (northbound) from East 23rd Street to East 135th Street, with the changeover from two-way traffic taking place on January 14, 1966, at which time Fifth Avenue was changed to one way downtown (southbound).[4] Between East 135th Street and East 142nd Street, Madison Avenue carries southbound traffic only, and runs parallel to the Harlem River Drive.

text: Role in advertising industry[edit]

text: The term "Madison Avenue" is often used metonymically for advertising, and Madison Avenue became identified with the American advertising industry after the explosive growth in this area in the 1920s.[5]

text: According to "The Emergence of Advertising in America", by the year 1861, there were twenty advertising agencies in New York City; and in 1911, the New York City Association of Advertising Agencies was founded, predating the establishment of the American Association of Advertising Agencies by several years.[5]

text: Among various depictions in popular culture, the portion of the advertising industry which centers on Madison Avenue serves as a backdrop for the AMC television drama Mad Men, which focuses on industry activities during the 1960s.[5]

text: In recent decades, many agencies have left Madison Avenue, with some moving further downtown and others moving west.[6][7] The continued presence of large agencies in the city makes New York the third largest job market per capita in the U.S., in 2016 according to a study by marketing recruitment firm MarketPro.[8] Today, only a few agencies are still located in the old business cluster on Madison Avenue, including StrawberryFrog, TBWA Worldwide and Doyle Dane Bernbach. However, the term is still used to describe the agency business as a whole and large, New York–based agencies in particular.[5]

text: Madison Square and Madison Square Garden[edit]

text: Madison Square is formed by the intersection of Fifth Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street. The square was named for James Madison, fourth President of the United States.[9] The focus of the square is Madison Square Park, a 6.2-acre (2.5-hectare)[10] public park, which is bounded on the east by Madison Avenue, which starts at the park's southeast corner at 23rd Street; on the south by 23rd Street; on the north by 26th Street; and on the west by Fifth Avenue and Broadway as they cross.

text: Madison Square Garden takes its name from the location of the first building of that name, which in turn takes its name from its location on the northeast corner of Madison Square at 26th Street and Madison Avenue. The first Garden was a former rail station that was converted into an open-air circus venue by P. T. Barnum in 1871 and was renamed "Madison Square Garden" in 1879. (The New York Life Insurance Building now occupies that entire city block.) The original Garden was demolished in 1889 and replaced by a new indoor arena designed by Stanford White that opened the following year. The second Garden had a bronze statue of the Roman goddess Diana on the tower of the sports arena. When it moved to a new building at 50th Street and Eighth Avenue in 1925 it kept its old name. Madison Square Garden is now located at Eighth Avenue between 31st and 33rd Street; however, it still retains the name.

text: Economy[edit]

text: Retail brands with locations on Madison Avenue include: Alexander McQueen, Hermès, Tom Ford, Céline, Proenza Schouler, Lanvin, Valentino, Stuart Weitzman,[11] Damiani, Emporio Armani, Prada, Chloé, Roberto Cavalli, Davidoff, Dolce & Gabbana, Gucci, Calvin Klein, Cartier, Christian Louboutin, La Perla, Jimmy Choo, Jacadi, Mulberry, Victoria's Secret, Barneys New York, Coach, Emanuel Ungaro, Giorgio Armani, Oliver Peoples, Vera Wang, Anne Fontaine, Baccarat, Carolina Herrera, Ralph Lauren and others.[12]

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Buses and bus lane[edit]

text: Madison Avenue is served by the M1, M2, M3, M4, and Q32 local NYCT Buses, and the BxM3, BxM4, BxM6, BxM7, BxM8, BxM9, BxM10, BxM11, BxM18, QM21, X10, X17, X63, X64, X68 express NYCT Buses, and also Bee Line BxM4C express buses. These buses use an exclusive bus lane between 42nd and 59th Street, but the bus lane is not present in any other portion of the avenue.

text: Pursuant to Section 4-12(m) of the New York City Traffic Rules,[13] driving a vehicle[14] other than a bus in the bus lane on Madison Avenue to turn right during the restricted hours specified by sign between 42nd Street and 59th Street is prohibited, then permitted at 60th Street, but a taxicab carrying a passenger may use the bus lane to turn right at 46th Street.

text: Overturned midtown bike ban[edit]

text: In July 1987, then New York City Mayor Edward Koch proposed banning bicycling on Fifth, Park and Madison Avenues during weekdays, but many bicyclists protested and had the ban overturned.[15] When the trial was started on Monday, August 24, 1987 for 90 days to ban bicyclists from these three avenues from 31st Street to 59th Street between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. on weekdays, mopeds would not be banned.[16]