document_title: List of referred Indian Standard Codes for civil engineers

question_text: the code which refers to steel for general purpose

question_tokens: the code which refers to steel for general purpose

text: Design of concrete and steel structures[edit]

text:
IS: 456 – code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete.
IS: 383 – specifications for fine & coarse aggregate from natural sources for concrete.
IS: 2386 – methods of tests for aggregate for concrete.
IS: 2430 – methods of sampling.
IS: 4082 – specifications for storage of materials.
IS: 2116 – permissible clay, silt & fine dust contents in sand.
IS: 2250 – compressive strength test for cement mortar cubes.
IS: 269 – specifications for 33 grade OPC.
IS: 8112 – specifications for 43 grade OPC.
IS: 12269 – specifications for 53 grade OPC.
IS: 455 – specifications for PSC (Portland slag cement).
IS: 1489 – specifications for PPC (Portland pozzolana cement).
IS: 6909 – specifications for SSC (super sulphated cement).
IS: 8041 – specifications for RHPC (Rapid Hardening Portland cement)
IS: 12330 – specifications for SRPC (sulphate resistant portland cement).
IS: 6452 – specifications for HAC for structural use (high alumina cement).
S: 3466 – specifications for masonry cement.
IS: 4031 – chemical analysis and tests on cement.
IS: 456; 10262; SP 23 – codes for designing concrete mixes.
IS: 1199 – methods of sampling and analysis of concrete.
IS: 516 – methods of test for strength of concrete.
IS: 13311 – ultrasonic testing of concrete structures.
IS: 4925 – specifications for concrete batching plant.
IS: 3025 – tests on water samples
IS: 4990 – specifications for plywood formwork for concrete.
IS: 9103 – specifications for concrete admixtures.
IS: 12200 – specifications for PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) water bars.
IS: 1077 – specifications for bricks for masonry work.
IS: 5454 – methods of sampling of bricks for tests.
IS: 3495 – methods of testing of bricks.
IS: 1786 – cold-worked HYSD steel rebars (grade Fe415 & Fe500).
IS: 432; 226; 2062 – mild steel of grade I.
IS: 432; 1877 – mild steel of grade II.
IS: 1566 – specifications for hard drawn steel wire fabric for reinforcing concrete.
IS: 1785 – specifications for plain hard drawn steel wire fabric for prestressed concrete.
IS: 2090 – specifications for high tensile strength steel bar for prestressed concrete.
IS: 2062 – specifications for steel for general purposes.
IS: 226 – specifications for rolled steel made from structural steel.
IS: 2074 – specifications for prime coat for structural steel.
IS: 2932 – specifications for synthetic enamel paint for structural steel.
IS: 12118 – specifications for Polysulphide sealants

tag: ul

text: LIST OF INDIAN STANDARDS[edit]

text: (A) Cement

text: 1. Specification for 33 Grade ordinary portland cement IS 269 - 2015

text: 2. Specification for Rapid hardening portland cement IS 8041 - 1990

text: 3. Specification for portland Pozzolona cement IS 1489 (part 1&2) 1991

text: 4. Methods of physical test for hydraulic cement IS 14032 - 1988

text: 5. Method of chemical analysis of hydraulic cement IS 4032 - 1985

text: 6. Method of sampling for hydraulic cement IS 3535 - 1986

text: 7. standard sand testing of cement IS 650 - 1991

text: 8. Specification for 43 Grade OPC… IS 8112 - 2013

text: 9. Specification for 53 Grade OPC… IS 12269-1987

text: (B) Coarse / Fine Aggregate

text: 1 Specification for coarse & fine aggregate IS 383-1970

text: 2 Methods of test for aggregate for concrete particle size and shape IS 2386 (Part I) 1963

text: 3 Methods of test for aggregate for concrete estimation of deleterious materials and organic impurities. IS 2386 (Part II) 1963

text: 4 Methods of test for aggregate for specific gravity, density, voids, absorption & bulking IS 2386 (Part III) 1963

text: 5 Methods of test for aggregate for Mechanical properties. IS 2386 (Part IV) 1963

text: 6 Methods of test for aggregate Soundness IS 2386 (Part V) 1963

text: 7 Methods of test for aggregate measuring mortar making properties of fine aggregates.IS 2386 (Part VI) 1963

text: 8 Methods of test for aggregate for alkali-aggregate reactivity IS 2386 (Part VII) 1963

text: 9 Methods of test for aggregate for petrographic examination IS 2386 (Part VIII) 1963

text: ( C ) Bricks

text: 1 Method of sampling of clay building bricks IS 5454 - 1978

text: 2 Method of test for burnt-clay building bricks. IS 3495 (Parts I TO iv) 1976

text: 3 Common burnt clay building bricks. IS 1077 - 1992

text: (D) Masonry Mortar

text: 1 Specification for sand for masonry mortars. IS 2116 - 1980

text: 2 Code of practice for preparation and use of masonry mortar IS 2250 - 1981

text: (E) Cement Concrete

text: 1 Specification for coarse and fine aggregate. IS 383 - 1970

text: 2 Specification for compressive strength, Flexural strength IS 516 - 1959

text: 3 Code of Practices for Plain & reinforced concrete etc. IS 456 – 2000

text: 4 Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete IS 1199 – 1959

text: 5 Recommended Guide Lines for Concrete Mix Design IS 10262 – 1982

text: (F) Curing Compound

text: 1 Standard test method for water retention & daylight reflection test on concrete. ASTM-C-156809

text: 2 The standard method of test for the effect of organic materials in fine aggregate on strength of mortar. ASTM-C. 87-69

text: 3 Standard specification for liquid membranes forming compounds. ASTM C. 309-89

text: (G) PVC Water Stops

text: 1 Code of practice for the provision of water stops. IS 12200 – 1987

text: 2 Procedure for Testing Parts of IS 8543-19

text: 3 Standard Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Plastics. ASTM : D 638-1991

text: 4 Standard Test Methods for Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension. ASTM D 412-1992

text: (H) HYSD BARS

text: 1 Specifications for HYSD bars. IS 1786 – 1985

text: 2 Specification for Mild Steel and Medium Tensile steel bars. IS 432 (P II) 1966

text: 3 Method for Tensile testing of steel wires. IS 5121 – 1972

text: 4 Hard drawn steel wire for concrete reinforcement. IS 1566 – 1982

text: 5 Method for Tensile testing of Steel products IS 1608 – 1972

text: 6 Code of practice for bending & fixing of bars for concrete reinforcement IS 2502 - 1963

text: (I) Pre cast R.C.C. Pipes

text: 1 Specifications for pre cast concrete pipes. IS 458 – 1988

text: 2 Methods of Tests for concrete pipes. IS 3597 – 1985

text: (G) soil

text: 1 Preparation of dry sample (soil) IS:2720 (Part .I) 1983

text: 2 Determination of water content (moisture content) IS:2720 (Part .III) 1980 Sect/1

text: 3 Determination of specific gravity of fine-grained soil IS: 2720 (Part. III) 1980 Sect/2

text: 4 Determination of specific gravity of fine, medium & coarse-grained soil. IS: 2720 (Part. III) 1980 Sect/2

text: 5 Grain size analysis IS:2720 (Part.4) 1985

text: 6 Determination of Liquid and plastic limit IS:2720 (Part.5) 1985

text: 7 Determination of shrinkage factors IS: 2720 (Part. VI) 1987

text: 8 Determination of water content - dry density relation using light compaction. IS: 2720 (Part. VII) 1980

text: 9 Determination of water content - dry density relation using heavy compaction.IS:2720 (Part.8) 1983

text: 10 Determination of water content - dry density relation using constant wt. soil method. IS:2720 (Part IX) 1971

text: 11 Determination of Unconfined compressive strength IS: 2720 (Part. X) 1991

text: 12 Determination of shear strength parameters(tri-axial) with out measurement of pore pressure parameters(Tri-axial compaction) IS:2720(Part. XI) 1971

text: 13 Determination of shear strength parameters (Tri-axial compaction)IS: 2720 (Part. XII) 1981

text: 14 Direct shear test IS: 2720 (Part. XIII) 1986

text: 15 Determination of Density Index (R.D) of cohesion less soil.IS:2720 (Part.14) 1983

text: 16 Determination of consolidation properties IS:2720 (Part.15) 1986

text: 17 Determination of permeability IS:2720 (Part.17) 1986

text: 18 Determination of dry density of soils, in place by the sand replacement method. IS:2720 (Part.28) 1974

text: 19 Determination of dry density of soils, in place by the core-cutter method.IS:2720 (Part.29) 1975

text: 20 Laboratory vane shear test. IS:2720 (Part.30) 1980

text: 21 Determination of the density in place by the ring and water replacement method.IS:2720 (Part.33) 1971

text: 22 Determination of free swell index of soils IS: 2720 (Part. XI) 1977

text: 23 Measurement of swelling pressure of soils. IS: 2720 (Part. XII) 1978

text: 24 Classification and identification of soils for General Engineering purposes.IS:1498 1970

text: Soil Properties and its Testing[edit]

text: IS 2720 (All Parts)[1]


document_title: List of Presidents of India

question_text: has held the office of vice president of india for two consecutive terms

root

text: List of Presidents of India

text: Presidents

text: This list is numbered based on Presidents elected after winning an Indian Presidential election. The terms of Varahagiri Venkata Giri, Mohammad Hidayatullah, and Basappa Danappa Jatti, who have functioned as acting presidents, are therefore not numbered. The President of India does not represent any political party. The colours used in the table indicate the following:

tag: p

text: + Did not complete their term

text:
№
Name
(Birth–Death)
Photograph
Elected
Took office
Left office
Vice President
Candidate of [9]
Notes

1
Rajendra Prasad
(1884–1963)

1952
1957
26 January 1950
12 May 1962
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Prasad, from Bihar, was the first President of independent India, and also the longest-serving President, for 12 years.[10][11] He was also a freedom fighter during the Indian independence movement.[12] Prasad was the only president to serve two terms in office.[5]

2
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
(1888–1975)

1962
13 May 1962
13 May 1967
Zakir Husain

Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher and writer and also held the position of vice chancellor of the Andhra University and Banaras Hindu University.[13] He was also made a Knight of the Golden Army of Angels by Pope Paul VI. He received Bharat Ratna award in 1954 before becoming the President.[14] He was the first President from South India.

3
Zakir Husain+
(1897–1969)

1967
13 May 1967
3 May 1969
Varahagiri Venkata Giri

Husain was vice chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University and a recipient of Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna.[15] He died in office, the first to do so. He was also the shortest-serving President. He was also the first Muslim President.[16]

–
Varahagiri Venkata Giri+
(1894–1980)

–
3 May 1969
20 July 1969
–
—
He was elected Vice President of India in 1967. Following the death of President Zakir Husain, Giri was appointed as Acting President.[17] He resigned in a few months to take part in the presidential elections.[6]

–
Mohammad Hidayatullah
(1905–1992)

–
20 July 1969
24 August 1969
–
—
Hidayatullah served as the Chief Justice of India, and was also a recipient of the Order of the British Empire.[18] He served as Acting President until the election of Giri as the President of India.[19]

4
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
(1894–1980)

1969
24 August 1969
24 August 1974
Gopal Swarup Pathak

Giri was the first person to have served as both an acting president and president of India. He was a recipient of the Bharat Ratna, and has functioned as Indian Minister of Labour and High Commissioner to Ceylon (Sri Lanka).[20]

5
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed+
(1905–1977)

1974
24 August 1974
11 February 1977
Gopal Swarup Pathak (1974)

Basappa Danappa Jatti (1974–1977)

Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before his term of office ended, and was the second Indian president to die in office.[21] He was also president during Emergency.[22]

–
Basappa Danappa Jatti
(1912–2002)

–
11 February 1977
25 July 1977
–
—
Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed's term of office, and was sworn in as Acting President upon Ahmed's death. He earlier functioned as the Chief Minister for the State of Mysore.[21][23]

6
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
(1913–1996)

1977
25 July 1977
25 July 1982
Basappa Danappa Jatti (1977–1979)

Muhammad Hidayatullah (1979–1982)

Reddy was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State. Reddy was the only Member of Parliament from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh.[24] He was unanimously elected Speaker of the Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President of India.[19]

7
Giani Zail Singh
(1916–1994)

1982
25 July 1982
25 July 1987
Muhammad Hidayatullah (1982–1984)

Ramaswamy Venkataraman (1984–1987)

In March 1972, Singh assumed the position of Chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home Minister. He was also secretary general to Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) from 1983 to 1986[25]

8
Ramaswamy Venkataraman
(1910–2009)

1987
25 July 1987
25 July 1992
Shankar Dayal Sharma

In 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the Indian independence movement.[26] After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joined the central government, where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence.[27]

9
Shankar Dayal Sharma
(1918–1999)

1992
25 July 1992
25 July 1997
Kocheril Raman Narayanan

Sharma was Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also served as the governor of Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra.[28]

10
Kocheril Raman Narayanan
(1920–2005)

1997
25 July 1997
25 July 2002
Krishan Kant

Narayanan served as India's ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities.[29] He was also the vice-chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University.[30] He was the first Dalit President.[31]

11
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
(1931–2015)

2002
25 July 2002
25 July 2007
Krishan Kant (2002)

Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (2002–2007)

Kalam was an educationist and engineer who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs.[32] He also received the Bharat Ratna. Kalam died following a heart attack while delivering a speech in Shillong.[33][34][35]

12
Pratibha Patil
(1934–)

2007
25 July 2007
25 July 2012
Mohammad Hamid Ansari

Patil was the first woman to become the President of India. She was also the first female Governor of Rajasthan.[36][37]

13
Pranab Mukherjee
(1935–)

2012
25 July 2012
25 July 2017
Mohammad Hamid Ansari

Mukherjee held various posts in the cabinet ministry for the Government of India such as Finance Minister, Foreign Minister, Defence Minister and Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission.[38]

14
Ram Nath Kovind
(1945–)

2017
25 July 2017
Incumbent
Venkaiah Naidu

Kovind was Governor of Bihar from 2015 until 2017 and a Member of Parliament from 1994 until 2006. He is the second Dalit president after K. R. Narayanan. He originally belongs to BJP and is an active member of RSS since his youth.[39]

tag: table


document_title: Sons of Anarchy (season 5)

question_text: who is responsible for the home invasions on sons of anarchy

text: Sons of Anarchy (season 5)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Sons of Anarchy is the story of the Teller-Morrow family of Charming, California, as well as the other members of Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club, Redwood Original (SAMCRO), their families, various Charming townspeople, allied and rival gangs, associates, and law agencies that undermine or support SAMCRO's legal and illegal enterprises.

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Charlie Hunnam as Jackson "Jax" Teller (13 episodes)
Katey Sagal as Gemma Teller Morrow (13 episodes)
Mark Boone Junior as Robert "Bobby Elvis" Munson (13 episodes)
Dayton Callie as Wayne Unser (9 episodes)
Kim Coates as Alex "Tig" Trager (13 episodes)
Tommy Flanagan as Filip "Chibs" Telford (13 episodes)
Ryan Hurst as Harry "Opie" Winston (4 episodes)
Theo Rossi as Juan-Carlos "Juice" Ortiz (13 episodes)
Maggie Siff as Tara Knowles-Teller (13 episodes)
Ron Perlman as Clarence "Clay" Morrow (13 episodes)

text: Special guest cast[edit]

text:
Jimmy Smits as Nero Padilla (12 episodes)
Rockmond Dunbar as Lieutenant Eli Roosevelt (8 episodes)
Harold Perrineau as Damon Pope (8 episodes)
Benito Martinez as Luis Torres (7 episodes)
Danny Trejo as Romero "Romeo" Parada (6 episodes)
Drea de Matteo as Wendy Case (4 episodes)
Donal Logue as Lee Toric (3 episodes)
Walton Goggins as Venus Van Dam ("Orca Shrugged")
Sonny Barger as Lenny "The Pimp" Janowitz ("Crucifixed")

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
David LaBrava as Happy Lowman (13 episodes)
Christopher Douglas Reed as Philip "Filthy Phil" Russell (12 episodes)
Chuck Zito as Frankie Diamonds (8 episodes)
Michael Marisi Ornstein as Chuck Marstein (8 episodes)
Winter Ave Zoli as Lyla Winston (7 episodes)
Chris Browning as GoGo (6 episodes)
Kurt Yaeger as Greg "The Peg" (6 episodes)
Wanda De Jesus as Carla (5 episodes)
Niko Nicotera as George "Rat Boy" Skogstorm (5 episodes)
Billy Brown as August Marks (5 episodes)
Reynaldo Gallegos as Fiasco (5 episodes)

McNally Sagal as Margaret Murphy (5 episodes)
Kurt Sutter as "Big" Otto Delaney (4 uncredited)
Robin Weigert as Ally Lowen (4 episodes)
Walter Wong as Chris "V-Lin" Von Lin (3 episodes)
Merle Dandridge as Rita Roosevelt (2 episodes)
Jeff Kober as Jacob Hale, Jr. (2 episodes)
Timothy V. Murphy as Galen O'Shay (2 episodes)
Kenneth Choi as Henry Lin (2 episodes)
Emilio Rivera as Marcus Alvarez (2 episodes)
Kristen Renton as Ima ("Authority Vested")
Michael Beach as T.O. Cross ("Crucifixed")

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Rachel Miner as Dawn Trager (2 episodes)
Ashley Tisdale as Emma Jean (2 episodes)
Joel McHale as Warren (2 episodes)
Dave Navarro as Arcadio Nerona (2 episodes)
Mo McRae as Tyler Yost (2 episodes + 1 as co-star)
Marshall Allman as Devin Price ("Orca Shrugged")
Olivia Burnette as Homeless Woman ("J'ai Obtenu Cette")

text: Production[edit]

text: Although Sons of Anarchy is set in Northern California's Central Valley, it is filmed primarily at Occidental Studios Stage 5A in North Hollywood. Main sets located there include the clubhouse, St. Thomas Hospital, and Jax's house. The production rooms at the studio used by the writing staff also double as the Charming police station. External scenes are often filmed nearby in Sun Valley and Tujunga.[3]

text: On his Sons of Anarchy YouTube channel Sutterinksoa, Kurt Sutter has stated that he began writing scripts for season 5, episodes one and two as early as March 1, 2012. It was also announced that Chuck Zito would be joining the Sons cast as a Nomad traveling through Charming.[4] Another announced cast addition for season five is Jimmy Smits. Smits, known for his work in L.A. Law, NYPD Blue, The West Wing and Dexter, will play an escort service owner and former Latino gang member who becomes a mentor to Jax.[5] Harold Perrineau joined the cast in May as the villain Damon Pope.[6]

text: With Dave Erickson's departure, Kurt Sutter remains the only writer to have been writing the series since the first season.[citation needed]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

54
1
"Sovereign"
Paris Barclay
Kurt Sutter
September 11, 2012 (2012-09-11)
5WAB01
5.37[7]

Jax's sovereignty has a shaky start after the Niners attack one of SAMCRO's gun shipments. Gemma makes a new ally during a night of drinking. An irritated Tara has trouble ascending to her role as queen and mother. Clay attempts to get back into the club's good graces by revealing part of the truth about Piney's death. Damon Pope and his crew exact appalling revenge on Tig. Opie rebuffs Jax's offer to sit at the table. A series of home invasions rocks Charming, particularly an unsuspecting Unser.

55
2
"Authority Vested"
Peter Weller
Regina Corrado
September 18, 2012 (2012-09-18)
5WAB02
4.17[8]

Jax and Chibs hide out at Nero's brothel, while planning their next move. Tig and the club scour Oakland for Fawn. Clay makes a move that surprises Bobby and Opie. In the midst of chaos, Jax and Tara have a quick wedding ceremony. Nero begins to develop an alliance with Jax and a relationship with Gemma.

56
3
"Laying Pipe"
Adam Arkin
Kem Nunn & Liz Sagal & Kurt Sutter
September 25, 2012 (2012-09-25)
5WAB03
3.80[9]

As Jax, Chibs, Tig, and Opie struggle to stay alive during their jail time in County, Bobby learns from Luis that the cartel is looking to secure a backup plan. Gemma turns to an unlikely source as Tara continues to maneuver Thomas and Abel away from her. Meanwhile, Clay uses Nero's escort service to get a rise out of Gemma. Damon Pope gives Jax his terms and conditions, which could effectively change the entire dynamic of SAMCRO.

57
4
"Stolen Huffy"
Paris Barclay
Chris Collins
October 2, 2012 (2012-10-02)
5WAB04
4.60[10]

The police raid of Nero's brothel leaves Nero and Carla without an office space. Meanwhile, Jax and Chibs try to protect the escort the Biz Lats believe is responsible. Wendy tries to come to honest terms with Tara, while Gemma makes a move to get Tara back on her side. Jax sees an opportunity to pull the club in a new direction. Opie's wake is held, with all of SAMCRO in attendance.

58
5
"Orca Shrugged"
Gwyneth Horder-Payton
Regina Corrado & Kurt Sutter
October 9, 2012 (2012-10-09)
5WAB05
4.34[11]

The club votes on getting into the companion business with Nero. Meanwhile, Jax begins to build bridges by getting Jacob Hale's Charming Heights development back on track. The Gallindo/Irish Kings meeting finally happens. Gemma confronts her son over her relationship with Nero. Roosevelt's wife is accidentally shot when she is pushed to the floor during a home invasion. A transsexual hooker does a favour for SAMCRO.

59
6
"Small World"
Adam Arkin
Roberto Patino
October 16, 2012 (2012-10-16)
5WAB06
4.03[12]

Damon Pope gives Jax an offer to mule more drugs, bringing the Niners, Lin's Triad, and the Mayans together in an uneasy pact. As Roosevelt waits for the DNA under Rita's fingernails to be identified, he swears revenge on SAMCRO if they are found guilty. Gemma is forced to ask for Clay's help after Carla ends her relationship with Nero in a bloody manner. Jax learns the identity of the County Jail officer who led Opie to his death. Unser comes to a realization about his relationship with Gemma. Tara tries to convince Otto to reverse his testimony against the club. Clay endures another setback.

60
7
"Toad's Wild Ride"
Peter Weller
Kurt Sutter & Chris Collins
October 23, 2012 (2012-10-23)
5WAB07
4.30[13]

As Jax and the club begin to connect the dots on the series of home invasions, the Nomads scramble to get out of Charming before they are found out. Meanwhile, Jax is forced to clean up one of his mother's messes. Clay uses Juice and Unser to tie up some loose ends. Jax's trust in Pope is further strained when two black gang members attack him and Chibs. Tara gives Gemma one more chance to be in her children's lives, which ends in tragedy when Gemma has a car accident while driving with the children.

61
8
"Ablation"
Karen Gaviola
Mike Daniels
October 30, 2012 (2012-10-30)
5WAB08
4.58[14]

In the aftermath of Gemma's car accident, Clay and Nero have different approaches to helping her out of trouble with Jax and Tara: Clay lies to Jax about the accident, while Nero advises Gemma to tell the truth. The Sons try to find out who was behind the attack on Jax and Chibs. They find Frankie, who confesses Clay was behind it, but he escapes at gunpoint with Nero's money. Nero gets Jax's permission to get back together with Gemma. Clay pressures Juice, who finally fills him in on all the secrets he's been hiding from the club. In return, Clay tells him about his involvement with the Nomad's attacks. Jax discovers Gemma was under the influence of pot while driving, and Tara banishes her after striking her. Meanwhile, Roosevelt promises to tell Jax the name of the rat who has been informing on them for the RICO case, in exchange for Frankie Diamonds. Jax devises a plan to trap Clay, which includes manipulating Gemma, who's Clay's weakness, and Jax tells Gemma if she wants back in the family's good graces, she has to get close to Clay and learn his dirty secrets.

62
9
"Andare Pescare"
Billy Gierhart
Liz Sagal & Kurt Sutter
November 6, 2012 (2012-11-06)
5WAB09
3.96[15]

Jax and the club go on the hunt for Frankie Diamonds, while Clay and Juice follow up on their own lead in a race to get to him first. Clay and Juice discover Frankie has sought the protection of his old Mafia allies. The club votes on Frankie's expulsion and execution, but Jax tells Bobby they can't kill Frankie and explains the deal with Roosevelt. During the trip to find Frankie, Clay manipulates Juice into going after Frankie on their own. Nero takes Gemma to meet his disabled son. Clay and Juice find Frankie first, but Jax arrives before Clay can kill him. However, the Mafia kills Frankie when they see he killed the Mafioso assigned to guard him. Gemma and Nero share a tender moment as he buries his half-sister Carla. Tara gets more than she bargained for when she makes a second attempt to get Otto to recant his RICO statement. After obtaining Tara's reassurances about Jax's offer, Gemma takes the first step toward getting close to Clay. Jax shows Roosevelt Frankie's corpse, and in exchange he gets confirmation about the Son who talked to the police. The episode ends with Jax following Juice.

63
10
"Crucifixed"
Guy Ferland
Kem Nunn
November 13, 2012 (2012-11-13)
5WAB10
4.58[16]

After confronting Juice about his betrayal of the club, Jax offers him a path to redemption. Avenging Opie's death proves difficult when one of the perpetrators turns up under the protection of the Grim Bastards, leading to a disagreement between Jax and Bobby. As Gemma attempts to get closer to Clay, Tara performs one last favour for Otto—with bloody results.

64
11
"To Thine Own Self"
Paris Barclay
Mike Daniels & John Barcheski & Kurt Sutter
November 20, 2012 (2012-11-20)
5WAB11
4.23[17]

Jax scrambles to put his affairs in order, while Nero handles business with his old crew.

65
12
"Darthy"
Peter Weller
Chris Collins & Kurt Sutter
November 27, 2012 (2012-11-27)
5WAB12
4.25[18]

Jax makes arrangements to take the club in a different direction. The Irish kidnap Wendy, and Nero gives Jax the $450,000 required to get her back. Jax shoots up Wendy with a speedball, in an attempt to stop her from pursuing custody of Abel.

66
13
"J'ai Obtenu Cette"
Kurt Sutter
Kurt Sutter & Chris Collins
December 4, 2012 (2012-12-04)
5WAB13
4.66[19]

Clay and Juice are packing Clay's house, preparatory to Clay's move to Ireland. Jax strikes a new deal while ridding himself of old problems. Jax and Tig kill Pope and frame Clay for the murder with the help of Juice and Gemma. After killing Pope, Jax keeps his dealings going with Pope's second in command, August Marks. Bobby figures out what Jax has done and confronts him, then later on leaves his V.P. patch on the table. Tara is arrested for conspiracy to commit murder. Gemma arrives at Jax's house to console Jax.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Season five received favourable reviews and has a rating of 72 on the review aggregator site Metacritic.[20] Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly praised the series by calling it a "richly detailed portrait of self-righteous villainy".[citation needed]

text: Home media release[edit]

text: The fifth season was released on DVD and Blu-ray in region 1 on August 27, 2013.[21]


document_title: Common Sense (pamphlet)

question_text: where was thomas paine's common sense published

question_tokens: where was thomas paine 's common sense published

text: Common Sense (pamphlet)

text: Publication history[edit]

text: Thomas Paine arrived in the American colonies in November 1774, shortly before the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Though the colonies and Great Britain had commenced hostilities against one another, the thought of independence was not initially entertained. Writing of his early experiences in the colonies in 1778, Paine "found the disposition of the people such, that they might have been led by a thread and governed by a reed. Their attachment to Britain was obstinate, and it was, at that time, a kind of treason to speak against it. Their ideas of grievance operated without resentment, and their single object was reconciliation."[7] Paine quickly engrained himself in the Philadelphia newspaper business, and began writing Common Sense in late 1775 under the working title of Plain Truth. Though it began as a series of letters to be published in various Philadelphia papers, it grew too long and unwieldy to publish as letters, leading Paine to select the pamphlet form.[8] Benjamin Rush recommended the publisher Robert Bell, promising Paine that, where other printers might balk at the content of the pamphlet, Bell would not hesitate nor delay its printing. Bell zealously promoted the pamphlet in Philadelphia's papers, and demand grew so high as to require a second printing.[9] Paine, overjoyed with its success, endeavored to collect his share of the profits and donate them to purchase mittens for General Montgomery's troops, then encamped in frigid Quebec.[10] However, when Paine's chosen intermediaries audited Bell's accounts, they found that the pamphlet actually had made zero profits. Incensed, Paine ordered Bell not to proceed on a second edition, as he had planned several appendices to add to Common Sense. Bell ignored this and began advertising a "new edition". While Bell believed this advertisement would convince Paine to retain his services, it had the opposite effect. Paine secured the assistance of the Bradford brothers, publishers of the Pennsylvania Evening Post, and released his new edition, featuring several appendices and additional writings.[11] Bell began working on a second edition. This set off a month-long public debate between Bell and the still-anonymous Paine, conducted within the pages and advertisements of the Pennsylvania Evening Post, with each party charging the other with duplicity and fraud. Both Paine and Bell published several more editions through the end of their public squabble.[citation needed]

text: The publicity generated by the initial success and compounded by the publishing disagreements no doubt propelled the pamphlet to incredible sales and circulation. Common Sense sold almost 100,000 copies in 1776,[12] and according to Paine, 120,000 copies were sold in the first three months. One biographer estimates that 500,000 copies sold in the first year (in both America and Europe – predominantly France and Britain), and another writes that Paine's pamphlet went through twenty-five published editions in the first year alone.[6][13]

text: Aside from the printed pamphlet itself, there were many handwritten summaries and whole copies circulated. Paine also granted publishing rights to nearly every imprint which requested them, including several international editions.[14] It was immensely popular in France, where it was published without its diatribes against monarchy.[15] At least one newspaper printed the entire pamphlet; the Connecticut Courant did so in its issue of February 19, 1776.[16] Writing in 1956, Richard Gimbel estimated, in terms of circulation and impact, that an "equivalent sale today, based on the present population of the United States, would be more than six-and-one-half million copies within the short space of three months".[14]

text: For nearly three months, Paine managed to maintain his anonymity, even during Bell's potent newspaper polemics. His name did not become officially connected with the independence controversy until March 30, 1776.[17] Paine never did recoup the profits he felt due to him from Bell's first edition. Ultimately, he lost money on the Bradford printing as well, and because he decided to repudiate his copyright, never did profit from Common Sense.[citation needed]

text: Sections[edit]

text: The first and subsequent editions divided the pamphlet into four sections.

text: I. Of the Origin and Design of Government in General, With Concise Remarks on the English Constitution[edit]

text: In his first section, Paine related common Enlightenment theories of the state of nature, in order to establish a foundation for republican government. Paine began this section by making a distinction between society and government, arguing that government is a "necessary evil". He illustrated the power of society to create and maintain happiness in man through the example of a few isolated people that find it easier to live together rather than apart, creating society. As society continues to grow, a government becomes necessary to prevent the natural evil Paine saw in man. In order to promote civil society through laws and account for the impossibility of all people meeting centrally to make laws, representation and therefore elections become necessary. As this model was clearly intended to mirror the situation of the colonists at the time of publication, Paine went on to consider the Constitution of the United Kingdom.

text: Paine found two tyrannies in the English constitution; monarchical and aristocratic tyranny, in the king and peers, who rule by heredity and contribute nothing to the people. Paine criticized the English constitution by examining the relationship between the king, the peers, and the commons.

text: II. Of Monarchy and Hereditary Succession[edit]

text: In the second section Paine considers monarchy first from a biblical perspective, then from a historical perspective. He begins by arguing that all men are equal at creation and, therefore, the distinction between kings and subjects is a false one. Paine then examines some of the problems that kings and monarchies have caused in the past and concludes:

text: In England a king hath little more to do than to make war and give away places; which in plain terms, is to impoverish the nation and set it together by the ears. A pretty business indeed for a man to be allowed eight hundred thousand sterling a year for, and worshipped into the bargain! Of more worth is one honest man to society and in the sight of God, than all the crowned ruffians that ever lived.

text: In this section, Paine also attacks one type of "mixed state" – the constitutional monarchy promoted by John Locke in which the powers of government are separated between a Parliament or Congress that makes the laws, and a monarch who executes them. The constitutional monarchy, according to Locke, would limit the powers of the king sufficiently to ensure that the realm would remain lawful rather than easily becoming tyrannical. According to Paine, however, such limits are insufficient. In the mixed state, power will tend to concentrate into the hands of the monarch, permitting him eventually to transcend any limitations placed upon him. Paine questions why the supporters of the mixed state, since they concede that the power of the monarch is dangerous, wish to include a monarch in their scheme of government in the first place.

text: III. Thoughts on the Present State of American Affairs[edit]

text: In the third section Paine examines the hostilities between England and the American colonies and argues that the best course of action is independence. Paine proposes a Continental Charter (or Charter of the United Colonies) that would be an American Magna Carta. Paine writes that a Continental Charter "should come from some intermediate body between the Congress and the people" and outlines a Continental Conference that could draft a Continental Charter.[19] Each colony would hold elections for five representatives. These five would be accompanied by two members of the assembly of colonies, for a total of seven representatives from each colony in the Continental Conference. The Continental Conference would then meet and draft a Continental Charter that would secure "freedom and property to all men, and… the free exercise of religion".[19] The Continental Charter would also outline a new national government, which Paine thought would take the form of a Congress.

text: Paine suggested that a congress may be created in the following way: each colony should be divided in districts; each district would "send a proper number of delegates to Congress".[19] Paine thought that each colony should send at least 30 delegates to Congress, and that the total number of delegates in Congress should be at least 390. The Congress would meet annually, and elect a president. Each colony would be put into a lottery; the president would be elected, by the whole congress, from the delegation of the colony that was selected in the lottery. After a colony was selected, it would be removed from subsequent lotteries until all of the colonies had been selected, at which point the lottery would start anew. Electing a president or passing a law would require three-fifths of the congress.

text: IV. On the Present Ability of America, With Some Miscellaneous Reflections[edit]

text: The fourth section of the pamphlet includes Paine's optimistic view of America's military potential at the time of the revolution. For example, he spends pages describing how colonial shipyards, by using the large amounts of lumber available in the country, could quickly create a navy that could rival the Royal Navy.

text: Impact[edit]

text: Due to heavy advertisement by both Bell and Paine, and the immense publicity created by their publishing quarrel, Common Sense was an immediate sensation not only in Philadelphia but also across the Thirteen Colonies. Early "reviewers" (mainly letter excerpts published anonymously in colonial newspapers) touted the clear and rational case for independence put forth by Paine. One Marylander wrote to the Pennsylvania Evening Post on February 6, 1776, that "if you know the author of COMMON SENSE, tell him he has done wonders and worked miracles. His stile [sic] is plain and nervous; his facts are true; his reasoning, just and conclusive". [20] The author went on to claim that the pamphlet was highly persuasive in swaying people towards independence. This mass appeal, one later reviewer noted, was due to Paine's dramatic calls for popular support of revolution, "giv[ing] liberty to every individual to contribute materials for that great building, the grand charter of American Liberty".[21] Paine's vision of a radical democracy, unlike the checked and balanced nation later favored by conservatives like John Adams, was highly attractive to the popular audience which read and reread Common Sense. In the months leading up to the Declaration of Independence, many more reviewers noted that these two main themes—direct and passionate style and calls for individual empowerment—were decisive in swaying the Colonists from reconciliation to rebellion. The pamphlet was also highly successful because of a brilliant marketing tactic planned by Paine. He and Bell timed the first edition to be published at around the same time as a proclamation on the colonies by King George III, hoping to contrast the strong, monarchical message with the heavily anti-monarchical Common Sense.[9] Luckily, the speech and the first advertisement of the pamphlet appeared on the same day within the pages of the Pennsylvania Evening Post.[22]

text: While Paine focused his style and address towards the common people, the arguments he made touched on prescient debates of morals, government, and the mechanisms of democracy.[23] This gave Common Sense a "second life" in the very public call-and-response nature of newspaper debates made by intellectual men of letters throughout Philadelphia. Paine's formulation of "war for an idea" led to, as Eric Foner describes it, "a torrent of letters, pamphlets, and broadsides on independence and the meaning of republican government ... attacking or defending, or extending and refining Paine's ideas".[24][25]

text: John Adams, who would succeed George Washington to become the new nation's second president, in his Thoughts on Government wrote that Paine's ideal sketched in Common Sense was "so democratical, without any restraint or even an attempt at any equilibrium or counter poise, that it must produce confusion and every evil work".[26] Others, such the writer calling himself "Cato", denounced Paine as dangerous and his ideas as violent.[27] Paine was also an active and willing participant in what would become essentially a six month publicity tour for independence. Writing as "The Forester", he responded to Cato and other critics in the pages of Philadelphian papers with passion, declaring again in sweeping language that their conflict was not only with Great Britain, but with the tyranny inevitably resulting from monarchical rule.[28]

text: Later scholars have assessed Common Sense's influence in several ways. Some, like A. Owen Aldridge, emphasize that Common Sense could hardly be said to embody a particular ideology, and that "even Paine himself may not have been cognizant of the ultimate source of many of his concepts", making the point that much of the pamphlet's value came as a result of the context in which it was published.[29] Eric Foner wrote that the pamphlet touched a radical populace at the height of their radicalism, which culminated in Pennsylvania with a new constitution aligned along Paine's principles.[30] Many have noted that Paine's skills were chiefly in persuasion and propaganda, and that no matter the content of his ideas, the fervor of his conviction and the various tools he employed on his readers (e.g. asserting his Christianity when he in fact was a Deist), that Common Sense was bound for success.[31] Still others emphasized the uniqueness of Paine's vision, with Craig Nelson calling him a "pragmatic utopian", who deemphasized economic arguments in favor of moralistic ones, thus giving credence to the Common Sense-as-propaganda argument.[32]

text: Each of these arguments is in some way true, and together they portray Common Sense as an impressive piece of propaganda advocating a distinct and timely action and set of principles. Coupling this with the immense publicity and readership created by both the publishing dispute and the newspaper debates establishes Common Sense as an important stepping stone towards independence.[citation needed]


document_title: In the Night Garden...

question_text: what is the point of in the night garden

text: In the Night Garden...

text: Overview[edit]

text: The programme features a large cast of colourful characters with unusual names who live in a magical forest scattered with large daisies and brightly coloured pompom flowers. The characters mostly speak short, repetitive phrases and each has their own special song and dance. The garden is a sunny, colourful environment and the music is jaunty and music box-like. Producer Anne Wood said:

text:
“
We wanted to explore the difference between being asleep and being awake from a child's point of view: the difference between closing your eyes and pretending to be asleep and closing your eyes and sleeping.[7]
”

text: Each episode starts with a different child in bed, while the narrator introduces the episode. The scene cuts to Iggle Piggle, in his boat, travelling to the Night Garden. Then the camera pans up to the sky and zooms in, followed by blooming flowers. After the title appears under a hedge, either the Ninky Nonk or the Pinky Ponk appears. The episodes end with one character receiving a bedtime story, which is generated by the magical gazebo that sits at the centre of the Night Garden. This story is a summary of the plot of the episode. Sometimes the characters all dance together under the Gazebo.

text: Iggle Piggle does not go to sleep, and his goodbye sequence ("Iggle Piggle's not in bed!" ... "Squeak!" ... "Don't worry, Iggle Piggle! It's time to go") rounds off the programme. The Night Garden retreats into the night sky and Iggle Piggle is seen asleep on his boat as the end credits roll.

text: In the Night Garden... is intended to help children relax and achieve calming relationships with parents. Wood states: "We became very aware of the anxiety surrounding the care of young children which manifested itself in all kind of directions; but the one big subject that came up again and again was bedtime. It's the classic time for tension between children who want to stay up and parents who want them to go to bed... so this is a programme about calming things down whereas most children's TV is about getting everything up."[7]

text: In 2007[8] and 2008,[9] the show won the Children's BAFTA for "Pre-school live action," as well as being nominated in 2009.[10]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Derek Jacobi as Narrator
Nick Kellington as Igglepiggle
Rebecca Hyland as Upsy Daisy
Justyn Towler as Makka Pakka
Andy Wareham as Tombliboo Unn
Isaac Blake as Tombliboo Ooo (1st time)
Holly Denoon as Tombliboo Ooo (2nd time)
Elisa Laghi as Tombliboo Eee
Celia Wickham-Anderson as Singer

text: Characters[edit]

text: Igglepiggle, Upsy Daisy, the Tombliboos and Makka Pakka are played by actors in costumes, like the Teletubbies. The Pontipines and Wottingers are puppets.

text: Igglepiggle (played by Nick Kellington) is a blue teddy bear-like doll with a bean-shaped head and a sideways red mohawk. He always carries his red blanket, and tends to fall flat on his back when surprised. He is the main character of the show. He arrives at the beginning and leaves the Night Garden at the end of each episode in a boat, for which the blanket doubles as a sail. Iggle Piggle has a bell in his left foot, a squeaker in his tummy, and a rattle in his left hand. His best friends in the garden are Upsy Daisy and Makka Pakka. He is the only character not to sleep in the Night Garden (with one exception when he fell asleep on Upsy Daisy's special bed), because sometimes he needs to find his boat; he sleeps on his boat instead of in a bed. He is the only character to walk on the Stepping Stone Path. He was first featured in the episode "Makka Pakka Washes Faces". Sometimes Iggle Piggle has a red blanket in the boat.

text: Upsy Daisy (played by Rebecca Hyland) is similar to a rag doll, with a brown complexion, a chime in her tummy, and brightly coloured clothes. She likes skipping through the Garden and blowing kisses to the other characters or to the audience. She often hugs and kisses other characters, particularly Iggle Piggle. Her catchphrases are "Upsy Daisy," and the more emphatic "Daisy Doo!", and she also says "Pip pip onk onk!", her way of saying goodbye. Her hair stands on end when excited or surprised, and her skirt inflates to a tutu when she dances or pulls the ripcord on her waist. She, along with Iggle Piggle were first featured in the episode "Makka Pakka Washes Faces".

text: Makka Pakka (played by Justyn Towler) is a beige, small, round-bodied doll. He has three rounded protuberances on his head, ears and back to represent stones that he uses to make into piles. He lives in a cave and likes cleaning things, such as his collection of stacking stones, and sometimes the other characters. Makka Pakka often stacks freshly cleaned stones into piles resembling his head and body. He sleeps on a stone bed, often cuddling a stone. He travels around the garden riding his trolley, the Og-Pog, which carries his sponge, soap, orange trumpet, and a bellows-like apparatus called Uff-Uff which he uses to dry items after cleaning them. His house is approached by a stone-walled ditch, as his home is half buried in the ground. He says his own name and the phrase "Mikka makka moo" when he is happy, as well as the names of the Og-Pog and the Uff-Uff, and other phrases from his song such as "agga pang" (his soap and sponge), "hum dum" (his trumpet), and "ing ang oo". Like Upsy Daisy and the Tombliboos, he also uses a phrase meaning "goodbye", represented in publications as "pip pip onk onk". He, along with Iggle Piggle and Upsy Daisy were first featured in the episode "Makka Pakka Washes Faces". As Makka Pakka is smaller than the other characters, he is filmed on another identical set (or garden), and where he appears with other characters, two scenes are shot in parallel and he is filmed far away, whilst the other costumed characters are filmed close up.

text: The Tombliboos – Unn (Andy Wareham), Ooo (Holly Denoon/Isaac Blake), and Eee (Elisa Laghi) – are dressed in costumes with stripes and spots: red and green (Unn), brown and pink (Ooo), and pink and yellow (Eee). Their names reflect phonetically how a young child might count to three, and the Tombliboos always appear in this order by saying their names. They live among the branches of a bush, on a series of platforms connected by stairs and chutes. The Tombliboos enjoy playing the drums and piano, although not with any particular musical prowess, and they also play with large blocks. Their trousers (pants) (which fall down unexpectedly) are often seen hanging on the washing line outside their home, and they usually take them down from the line and put them on before going on an adventure. They are sometimes seen brushing their teeth before bed. Tombliboos enjoy kissing each other whilst cuddling and reciting their names. They also have a song about staying together, which consists of them singing "Tombliboo, Tombliboo, Unn, Ooo, Eee!" over and over again. Tombliboo Eee is female and is shorter and smaller than Ooo and Unn. The Tombliboos, along with Iggle Piggle, Upsy Daisy and Makka Pakka were first featured in the episode "Makka Pakka Washes Faces".

text: The Pontipines (red) and The Wottingers (blue) are two families of ten tiny creatures (a mother and a father, plus four boys and four girls) similar to peg dolls. They live in a semidetached house at the foot of a tree. The Pontipines appear in most episodes, while appearances by the Wottingers, are rare. The Pontipines all dress in a very similar fashion to each other, as do the Wottingers. Each family sleeps in one room, their beds next to each other in rows. The Pontipines enter their home by flying down the chimney or going through the front door. They have no feet. The Pontipines enter the Pinky Ponk through a different door from all the other characters, and stay on a separate deck. The Pontipines and the Wottingers appear to be animated using stop motion, but in reality they were hand puppets on sticks that were moved in real time by a puppeteer, with a strobe effect applied in post-production to give the illusion of stop motion animation. They constantly chatter, making high-pitched "mi-mi-mi" sounds and "farting" noises. Mr Pontipine's moustache occasionally flies off his face and settles on Mrs Pontipine. The adult Pontipines and the adult Wottingers wear large hats. Mrs Pontipine carries a pair of binoculars around her neck at all times, which she uses to look for her children when they get lost. The Wottingers are similar in design to the Pontipines, though not identical; they can be glimpsed in the general dance sequences, but are not seen going to bed. The Pontipines, along with Iggle Piggle, Upsy Daisy, Makka Pakka and the Tombliboos were first featured in the 1st episode "Makka Pakka Washes Faces" and the Wottingers first appeared in the episode "The Pontipine Children in the Tombliboo Trousers".

text: The Haahoos are five very large inflatable pillow-like creatures of various shapes and colours with eyes and smiling mouths. They move slowly around the garden making deep springy sounds ("boing, boing"). The Haahoos appear behind the gazebo during general dance sequences, and are also seen going to sleep, closing their eyes and deflating slightly. They come in the shape of a flower, an X, a star, a circle and a figure of 8. They were first featured in the episode "The Tombliboos' Waving Game".

text: The Tittifers are CGI enhanced tropical birds with their own unique songs. There are four small blue tittifers (long-tailed finches), three larger pink ones (hoopoes), two big green ones (white-cheeked turacos) and one Channel-billed toucan with a huge purple beak. They usually sing between segments, and when they sing together, near the end, it is time to sleep. They, along with Iggle Piggle, Upsy Daisy, Makka Pakka, the Tombliboos and the Pontipines were first featured in the episode "Makka Pakka Washes Faces".

text: The Ninky Nonk is a train of five differently sized and shaped carriages. Its size is non-euclidean: exterior shots of the moving Ninky Nonk show a toy-sized train, quite small compared to the main characters and scenery, while interiors and static exterior shots are done on sets or with life-sized models so that the main characters can easily fit inside. When it stops or starts, the seat-belted passengers jerk sharply in their seats, and the ride is often described as "bumpy". Bells and green lights warn everyone inside when the Ninky Nonk is ready to depart. The Ninky Nonk can drive up and down trees and upside-down along branches. Like the other characters, it goes to sleep. The engine is banana-shaped with a green flashing light on top, and is followed by a green spheroidal carriage used by the Tombliboos and Makka Pakka, a tiny house-like carriage used by the Pontipines and Wottingers, a blue rectangular carriage used by Upsy Daisy and Igglepiggle (when he is travelling with Upsy Daisy), and a tall rounded single-seater carriage used by Iggle Piggle when he is travelling alone. All the carriages have lights on top that flash in sequence when the Ninky Nonk is stationary. It was first featured in the episode "Everybody, All Aboard the Ninky Nonk".

text: The Pinky Ponk is an airship, speckled with many slowly waving fins and several small propellers that can spin fast, plus a large propeller at the rear that always turns very gently. The characters often use it to travel around the forest, and during their journey are able to drink "Pinky Ponk juice" which is dispensed in "sippy cups". It comes in several colours. If drunk too much, you can feel ill, as demonstrated by Tombliboo Ooo.[11] As well as whirrings and clankings, and a sporadic honking sound from the "Ponk light" at the front, the Pinky Ponk makes flatulent noises.[12] Like the Ninky Nonk, the Pinky Ponk does not conform to euclidean geometry: exterior shots are chroma keyed model shots showing a model smaller than the main characters, while interior ones shots produced on a set into which they can fit. It has two doors, one for the costumed characters and the other for the tiny characters. One table has three seats (for the Tombliboos), another has two seats (for Iggle Piggle and Upsy Daisy), and the third has one seat (for Makka Pakka). The Pontipines take a table with no seats in a small room. It also has a habit of crashing into tree trunks, thus sounding the "Ponk Alert" (repeated honking and flashing of the "Ponk Light" and interior lights flashing and making noises.) This is a warning for all the passengers to take their seats and brace. Sometimes, the Pinky Ponk rocks during the "Ponk Alert", causing the passengers and their tables and chairs to slide from one end to the other. It, along with the Haahoos was first featured in the episode "The Tombliboos' Waving Game".

text: The Ball is a colourful living ball that plays with the Night Garden characters. It was first featured in the episode "The Ball".

text: The Bed is Upsy Daisy's specially private bed. She moves it around the Night Garden, with its ripcord; sometimes she has to catch the Bed, before it runs away. It was first featured in the episode "Makka Pakka's Trumpet Makes a Funny Noise".

text: The Tiddle is a small geyser-like fountain. It appears in any place of the Night Garden when someone stomps his/her feet three times. It disappears when someone stomps one of his/her feet once. It was featured in the episode "Igglepiggle's Tiddle".

text: The Trubliphones are a sort of telephone scattered randomly throughout the garden. The characters can use them to communicate with one another. They were first featured in the episode "Upsy Daisy's Big Loud Sing Song".

text: Places[edit]

text: The Stepping Stone Path is where Igglepiggle lives, for a vacation in the Night Garden. It leads to the Gazebo at the beginning and end of an episode.[13] It was first featured in the episode "Makka Pakka Washes Faces".

text: The Daisy Patch is where Upsy Daisy lives. It is a field full of daisies. Upsy Daisy is usually the only character that can be seen in the patch.[14] It was first featured in the episode "The Pontipines in Upsy Daisy's Bed".

text: Makka Pakka's Cave is where he lives and his Og-pog is kept outside it, behind a boulder. The cave, along with the Stepping Stone Path was first featured in the episode "Makka Pakka Washes Faces".

text: The Tombliboo Bush is where the Tombliboos live. It is the largest house in the garden with so many fun things to do such as playing music, playing with blocks and brushing teeth (like the Pinky Ponk and the Ninky Nonk it is bigger on the inside). It was first featured on the outside in "The Tombliboos' Waving Game" and on the inside in the episode "Too Loud Tombliboos!! Nice and Quiet!!"

text: The Pontipines/Wottingers' House is a small house at the foot of a tree where the Pontipines and Wottingers live. It, along with the Stepping Stone Path and Makka Pakka's Cave was first featured in the episode "Makka Pakka Washes Faces".

text: The Tune Bridge is a musical bridge near Makka Pakka's cave. Whenever someone walks on the bridge, it plays a musical tune. It, and the Stepping Stone Path, Makka Pakka's Cave and the Pontipines/Wottingers' House, were first featured in the episode "Makka Pakka Washes Faces".

text: The Gazebo is where the characters meet to dance at the end of some episodes.[15] It has a picture of all the characters including the Ball (but except the Tittifers, one of the Trubliphones, the Tiddle and the Bed), the Tittifers' Tree, a Daisy, the Tune Bridge, the Tombliboo Bush, the Tombliboo Instruments, Igglepiggle's Blanket, the Tombliboo Bricks and, of course, the Gazebo, itself. It has two pictures of Makka Pakka, one with his Og-Pog, the other with him blowing his trumpet. The first dance was featured in the episode "The Tombliboos' Waving Game" and it first gave a clue in "Igglepiggle's Blanket in Makka Pakka's Ditch".

text: The Tittifers' Tree is where the Tittifers sing in a certain section and together and at the end.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Until 1 April 2008, the show aired on the CBeebies channel every day, including weekends, at 6:25 PM in the "Bedtime Hour" slot, in addition to earlier daytime showings on weekdays (like every other show on CBeebies, the same episodes are shown all day).[16] From April until August 2008, In The Night Garden... was removed from its 6:25 PM "Bedtime Hour" slot, which resulted in a petition asking for the programme to be re-instated to its normal slot.[17] One parent petitioner was quoted by The Daily Telegraph commenting that "My four-year-old refused to believe it was bedtime because ITNG hadn't been on and it was daylight outside."[17]

text: The show returned to the daily "Bedtime Hour" slot at 6:25 PM as of 30 August 2008, and began showing the second series (beginning with "Slow Down Everybody") on 1 September 2008.[citation needed] From December 2008, the show was moved again, this time to 6:00 PM. As of January 2010, it airs at 6.20 PM.

text: As of February 2008, in Canada, the show airs daily at 5:30 AM on Treehouse TV, Mondays to Fridays at 7:30 PM, and Saturdays at 10:30 AM.And as of April 11 2016 in Canada, as well the show airs daily at 2:00 pm on family jr during the Monday funday block of programming .

text: As of March 2016, in Australia, the show airs during the ABC 4 Kids block of programming on ABC2 every weekends at 11:30 AM.

text: As of October 2008, in India, the show airs every day on the CBeebies channel, including weekends, at 9 AM, 12 PM and 3 PM.

text: As of 2008, in Norway, the show airs every weekday on the NRK Super channel, at 5:30 PM.

text: As of 2009, the show airs on TV2 in Malaysia on weekday mornings at 8:30 AM.

text: As of 2009, the show airs on Luli and Hop! in Israel. Twenty new episodes began broadcasting on CBeebies and BBC HD on 9 February to continue at 6 PM daily.

text: As of 2010, Series 1 of the show airs daily on Baraem on Nilesat and Arabsat covering the Middle East in Arabic at 7:30 PM.

text: As of 2010, the show airs on Clan in Spain sometime around 8:30 AM on weekdays and around 7:50 AM on weekends.

text: As of 11 October 2010, the series was added on The Hub in the U.S. as part of the "HubBub" programming block. On 24 June 2012, it was removed on The Hub along with The Future Is Wild and Wilbur. However, the series returned on Hub Network on 2 June 2013 and was removed again on 13 October 2013.

text: In The Netherlands, it airs on Disney Junior.

text: And In Poland, it airs on CBeebies.

text: Merchandising[edit]

text: In the Night Garden... books, DVDs and toys have been marketed since 2007.

text: Books[edit]

text: In 2014, Penwizard[18] introduced a line of personalised books where customers can customise the story to include their child's name and likeness in the story alongside IgglePiggle and friends.

text: DVDs[edit]

text: Several Region 2 DVDs have been released in the UK:

text:
DVD Title
Episodes

Who's Here?
Makka Pakka Washes Faces
Tombliboos Waving Game
Everybody all aboard the Ninky Nonk
The Prettiest Flower
Makka Pakka's Trumpet Makes a Funny Noise

Hello IgglePiggle!
IgglePiggle's Blanket in Makka Pakka's Ditch
Jumping for Everybody
IgglePiggle's Mucky Patch
The Pinky Ponk Adventure
IgglePiggle's Blanket Walks About by Itself

Hello Upsy Daisy!
Quiet Please Tombliboos!! Upsy Daisy Wants to Sing!!
Upsy Daisy Kisses Everything!
Upsy Daisy's Big Loud Sing Song!
IgglePiggle Looks for Upsy Daisy and Follows her Bed!
The Ninky Nonk Wants a Kiss!

Hello Makka Pakka!
Makka Pakka's Stone Concert
Runaway Og-Pog
Makka Pakka's Present
Makka Pakka Gets Lost
Washing the Haahoos

Hello Tombliboos!
Too Loud Tombliboos!! Nice and Quiet!!
The Tombliboos' Busy Day
Tombliboo Trousers
Tombliboo Ooo Drinks Everybody Else's Pinky Ponk Juice
Tower of 5

Isn't That a Pip?
The Pontipine Children of the Roof
Looking for Each Other
Slow Down Everybody!
IgglePiggle Goes Visiting
Where is the Pinky Ponk Going?

Look at That!
IgglePiggle’s Tiddle
Makka Pakka’s Piles of Three
Where Are the Wottingers?
Mr Pontipine’s Moustache Flies Away
Too Loud Tombliboos

What Fun!
Sneezing
Hide and Seek
Mind the Haahoos
The Pontipines Find IgglePiggle’s Blanket
Upsy Daisy Dances with the Pinky Ponk

All Together!
Waving from the Ninky Nonk
Playing Hiding with Makka Pakka
Wake Up Ball
Over and Under
Sad and Happy Tombliboos.

All Aboard
Ninky Nonk or Pinky Ponk
Upsy Daisy's Special Stone
Ninky Nonk Dinner Swap
The Tombliboos Swap Trousers
Igglepiggle's Accident.

Wake Up Igglepiggle
Wake Up Igglepiggle
Where Can Igglepiggle Have a Rest
Oh Look It's Wottingers
Dinner in the Ninky Nonk
Tombliboos Clean Their Teeth.

Out For A Walk
Upsy Daisy’s Funny Bed
The Ball
Wave to the Wottingers
The Pontipines in Upsy Daisy’s Bed
Igglepiggle’s Noisy Noises.

What Lovely Music
Tombliboo Eee Gets Lost
Make Up Your Mind Upsy Daisy!
Following
Upsy Daisy Dances With The Haahoos
Long Distance Ball Game

Best Friends
Upsy Daisy’s Tiring Walk
Trubliphone Fun
Shshsh! Upsy Daisy’s Having a Rest!
Who’s Next on the Pinky Ponk?
Makka Pakka’s Circle of Friends

text: Each DVD features five episodes.

text: A boxset, Hello Everybody!, has been released, containing "Hello IgglePiggle!", "Hello Upsy Daisy!", "Hello Makka Pakka!" and "Hello Tombliboos!" Each of these titles have episodes relating to the character on which the DVD is based.

text: Toys[edit]

text: The show's makers, Ragdoll Productions, signed a deal to make the toy producer Hasbro a global partner before the show was first broadcast, and merchandise was first made available in July 2007. The range includes small Igglepiggle, Upsy Daisy and Makka Pakka stuffed toys and a small Ninky Nonk train with detachable carriages. Wheeled toy licensee MV Sports & Leisure Limited produced a range of scooters and trikes. Play-doh made some dough that came packaged with an Igglepiggle-shaped cut-out.

text: In spring 2008, several new toys arrived, including roll-along characters, Talking Cuddly Makka Pakka, Ninky Nonk Pop-up tent and more. Hasbro won the 2008 "Best Licensed Toy or Game range" Licensing Award for their In The Night Garden... range.[19]

text: In January 2009, a spokesman for the BBC confirmed that they had asked Hasbro to change the skin colour of the Upsy Daisy doll following "a handful of complaints". The doll was originally released with a noticeably lighter complexion than seen in the television series, as it was based on the animated version of Upsy Daisy.[20]

text: Live theatrical show[edit]

text: In the Night Garden...Live! started a UK tour in July 2010. The show took place in an inflatable purpose-built show dome. The show premièred in Liverpool, and moved on to London, Glasgow and Birmingham. In the Night Garden Live has toured the UK every summer.[21][22]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: BAFTA Children's Awards 2007

text:
Awarded Best Children's Live-Action Series[8]
The website for the programme was nominated for Best Interactive Site[8]

text: BAFTA Children's Awards 2008

text: Awarded Best Pre-School Live Action Series[9]

text: BAFTA Children's Awards 2009

text: Nominated for Best Pre-School Live Action[10]


document_title: Flag of Jordan

question_text: what does the star on the jordan flag mean

text: Flag of Jordan

text: Features[edit]

text: In addition to the bands and chevron, a white star with seven points is featured on the hoist side of the red chevron. The star stands for the unity of the Arab people.[3] It is also said to stand for the seven verses of the first surah in the Qur'an,[2] or refer to the seven hills on which Amman, the capital, was built. The seven points represent faith in one God, humanity, humility, national spirit, virtue, social justice, and aspiration.[citation needed]


document_title: Killing Me Softly with His Song

question_text: who sang the original killing me softly song

text: Killing Me Softly with His Song

text: Lori Lieberman version and disputed origins[edit]

text: According to Lori Lieberman, who performed the original recording in 1971, the song was born of a poem she wrote after experiencing a strong reaction to the Don McLean song 'Empty Chairs.'[1][2][3] She then related this information to Gimbel, who took her feelings and put them into words. Then Gimbel passed the words to Fox, who set them to music.[4]

text: According to Norman Gimbel, Gimbel was introduced to the Argentinean-born composer Lalo Schifrin (then of Mission: Impossible fame) and began writing songs to a number of Schifrin's films.[5] Both Gimbel and Schifrin made a suggestion to write a Broadway musical together, and Schifrin gave Gimbel an Argentinean novel—Hopscotch by Julio Cortázar—to read as a possible idea. The book was never made into a musical, but in chapter two, the narrator describes himself as sitting in a bar listening to an American pianist friend "kill us softly with some blues".[5][6] Gimbel put the phrase in his "idea book" for use at a future time with a parenthesis around the word "blues" and substituted the word "song" instead.[7]

text: Don McLean said he didn't know the song described him and, when asked about it, said "I'm absolutely amazed. I've heard both Lori's and Roberta's version and I must say I'm very humbled about the whole thing. You can't help but feel that way about a song written and performed as well as this one is."

text: Nevertheless, Fox has repudiated Lieberman's having input into the song's creation, saying: "We [Gimbel and Fox] wrote the song and [Lieberman] heard it and said it reminded her of how she felt at [a Don McLean] concert. Don McLean didn't inspire Norman or me to write the song but even Don McLean thinks he's the inspiration for the song."[8]

text: Don McLean supported Lieberman both on his website and from the stage of a concert which he invited her to attend in 2010. However, the matter only reached an unequivocal conclusion when contemporaneous articles from the early 1970s were exhumed, all of them vindicating Lieberman. In an April 5, 1973 article in the Daily News, Norman Gimbel was quoted as follows: "She [Lori Lieberman] told us about this strong experience she had listening to McLean ('I felt all flushed with fever / Embarrassed by the crowd / I felt he had found my letters / And read each one out loud / I prayed that he would finish / But he just kept right on'). I had a notion this might make a good song so the three of us discussed it. We talked it over several times, just as we did for the rest of the numbers we wrote for this album and we all felt it had possibilities."[9]

text: Roberta Flack version[edit]

text:
"Killing Me Softly with His Song"

One of A-side labels of U.S. vinyl single

Single by Roberta Flack

from the album Killing Me Softly

B-side
"Just Like a Woman"

Released
January 21, 1973

Format
7" single

Recorded
November 17, 1972

Genre
Soul

Length
4:46

Label
Atlantic

Songwriter(s)

Charles Fox
Norman Gimbel

Producer(s)
Joel Dorn

Roberta Flack singles chronology

"Where Is the Love"
(1972)
"Killing Me Softly with His Song"
(1973)
"Jesse"
(1973)

"Where Is the Love"
(1972)
"Killing Me Softly with His Song"
(1973)
"Jesse"
(1973)

Alternative release

German vinyl single

text:
"Killing Me Softly With His Song"

Roberta Flack's "Killing Me Softly With His Song" from Killing Me Softly

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: Lieberman was the first to record the song in late 1971, releasing it in early 1972.[10] Helen Reddy has said she was sent the song, but "the demo... sat on my turntable for months without being played because I didn't like the title".[11]

text: Roberta Flack first heard the song on an airline, when the Lieberman original was featured on the in-flight audio program. After scanning the listing of available audio selections, Flack would recall: "The title, of course, smacked me in the face. I immediately pulled out some scratch paper, made musical staves [then] play[ed] the song at least eight to ten times jotting down the melody that I heard. When I landed, I immediately called Quincy [Jones] at his house and asked him how to meet Charles Fox. Two days later I had the music." Shortly afterwards Flack rehearsed the song with her band in the Tuff Gong Studios in Kingston, Jamaica, but did not then record it.[12]

text: In September 1972, Flack was opening for Marvin Gaye at the Greek Theater; after performing her prepared encore song, Flack was advised by Gaye to sing an additional song. Flack later said, "I said well, I got this song I've been working on called 'Killing Me Softly...' and he said 'Do it, baby.' And I did it and the audience went crazy, and he walked over to me and put his arm around me and said, 'Baby, don't ever do that song again live until you record it.'"[13]

text: Released in January 1973, Flack's version spent a total of five non-consecutive weeks at #1 in February and March, more weeks than any other record in 1973, being bumped to number 2 by the O'Jays' "Love Train" after four straight weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100. Billboard ranked it as the No. 3 song for 1973.[14]

text: Charles Fox suggested that Flack's version was more successful than Lieberman's because Flack's "version was faster and she gave it a strong backbeat that wasn't in the original".[8] According to Flack: "My classical background made it possible for me to try a number of things with [the song's arrangement]. I changed parts of the chord structure and chose to end on a major chord. [The song] wasn't written that way."[15] Flack plays electric piano on the track. The bass is played by Ron Carter, the guitar by Hugh McCracken and the drums by Ray Lucas.[citation needed] The single appeared as the opening track of the album of the same name, issued in August 1973.

text: Flack won the 1973 Grammy Award for Record of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female, for the single, with Gimbel and Fox earning the Song of the Year Grammy.

text: In 1996 a house remix of Flack's version went to number one on the US dance chart.[16]

text: In 1999 Flack's version was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[17] It ranked number 360 on Rolling Stone's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and number 82 on Billboard's greatest songs of all time.[18]

text: Chart performance[edit]

text: Weekly[edit]

text:
Chart (1973)
Peak
position

Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[19]
19

Canada (RPM)[20]
1

Germany (Official German Charts)[21]
30

Ireland (IRMA)
10

Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[22]
3

Norway (VG-lista)[23]
4

Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[24]
32

UK Singles (The Official Charts Company)[25]
6

US Billboard Hot 100[26]
1

US Hot R&B Singles[26]
2

US Hot Adult Contemporary Singles[26]
2

text: All-time[edit]

text:
Chart
Position

US Billboard Hot 100[27]
92

text:
Preceded by
"Crocodile Rock" by Elton John
Billboard Hot 100 number-one single
February 24, 1973 (four weeks)
Succeeded by
"Love Train" by The O'Jays

Preceded by
"Love Train" by The O'Jays
Billboard Hot 100 number-one single
March 31, 1973 (one week)
Succeeded by
"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia" by Vicki Lawrence

text: Fugees version[edit]

text:
"Killing Me Softly"

Single by Fugees

from the album The Score

Released
May 31, 1996

Format
CD single

Recorded
1995

Genre
R&B, hip hop soul

Length

4:58 (album version)
4:16 (radio edit)
4:00 (radio edit: without intro)

Label
Ruffhouse

Songwriter(s)

Charles Fox
Norman Gimbel

Producer(s)

The Fugees

Fugees singles chronology

"Fu-Gee-La"
(1996)
"Killing Me Softly"
(1996)
"Ready or Not"
(1996)

"Fu-Gee-La"
(1996)
"Killing Me Softly"
(1996)
"Ready or Not"
(1996)

text:
"Killing Me Softly"

The Fugees' "Killing Me Softly" from The Score

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: Hip hop group Fugees covered the song (as simply "Killing Me Softly") on their 1996 album The Score, with Lauryn Hill singing the lead vocals. Their version became a hit, reaching number two on the U.S. airplay chart. The song topped the charts in the United Kingdom, where it became the country's biggest-selling single of 1996. It has since sold 1.36 million copies in Britain.[28] The Fugees recording won the 1997 Grammy for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and their video earned the MTV Video Music Award for Best R&B Video.[29]

text: This version sampled the 1990 song "Bonita Applebum" by A Tribe Called Quest (ATCQ) from their debut album People's Instinctive Travels and the Paths of Rhythm. ATCQ themselves had sampled the riff from the song "Memory Band" from psychedelic soul band Rotary Connection's 1967 eponymous debut album. The Fugees single was so successful that the track was "deleted" and thus no longer supplied to retailers whilst the track was still in the top 20 so that attention could be drawn to the next single, "Ready or Not". Propelled by the success of the Fugees track, the 1972 recording by Roberta Flack was remixed in 1996 with the vocalist adding some new vocal flourishes: this version topped the Hot Dance Club Play chart. Flack and the Fugees have performed the song together since then.[30] In 2008, "Killing Me Softly" was ranked number 25 on VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop and #44 on its list of the "100 Greatest Songs of the '90s".

text: Background[edit]

text: "Killing Me Softly" was the last song the Fugees recorded for The Score, after member Pras Michael made the suggestion to cover it. They wanted to "see how we can create break beats. And of course, we all love A Tribe Called Quest and we went in like 'Okay, let’s cut that sample'." They then added a bass reggae drop.[31] Initially, the Fugees wanted to change the lyrics of the song to make it anti-drugs and anti-poverty but the songwriters, Norman Gimbel and Charles Fox, refused.[32]

text: Composition[edit]

text: The Fugees' version features "percussive rhythms" with "a synth sitar sound, Wyclef's blurted chants, Hill's vocal melisma on the scatted bridage, and a bombastic drum-loop track".[33]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: In January 1997, Spin called the song "an instant classic, pumped out of every passing car from coast to coast, with Lauryn Hill's timeless voice never losing its poignant kick".[34] Celebrating the album's 20th anniversary in February 2016, Billboard reviewed the song, saying: "It's a lovely cover that maintains the spirit of the original while taking the material in new directions."[35]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The video, directed by Aswad Ayinde[36] and based on Lauryn Hill's ideas, never came out commercially in America.[37] It features Roberta Flack.[33][38]

text: Bounty Killer remix[edit]

text: The Fugees recorded a dancehall version with Bounty Killer rapping and Hill singing a rewritten chorus. However, they did not receive permission to release it on The Score.[30]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: UK CD1[edit]

text:
"Killing Me Softly" (Album Version W/Out Intro) – 4:03
"Killing Me Softly" (Album Instrumental) – 4:03
"Cowboys" (Album Version) – 3:35
"Nappy Heads" (Remix) – 3:49

tag: ol

text: UK CD2[edit]

text:
"Killing Me Softly" (Album Version With Intro) – 4:16
"Fu-Gee-La" (Refugee Camp Global Mix) – 4:15
"Vocab" (Refugees Hip Hop Mix) – 4:07
"Vocab" (Salaam's Acoustic Remix) – 5:54

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Chart (1996–97)
Peak
position

Australia (ARIA)[39]
1

Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[40]
1

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[41]
1

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[42]
1

Canada (RPM)[43]
6

Denmark (IFPI)
1

Europe (Eurochart Hot 100)
1

Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[44]
1

France (SNEP)[45]
1

Germany (Official German Charts)[46]
1

Ireland (IRMA)
1

Italy (FIMI)
1

Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[47]
1

New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[48]
1

Norway (VG-lista)[49]
1

Spain (AFYVE)[50]
8

Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[51]
1

Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[52]
1

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[53]
1

US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[54]
30

US Adult Top 40 (Billboard)[55]
20

US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[56]
48

US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[57]
1

US Radio Songs (Billboard)[58]
2

text:
Preceded by
"Three Lions" by Baddiel and Skinner and The Lightning Seeds
UK Singles Chart Number 1 single
June 2, 1996 – June 30, 1996
(four weeks)
Succeeded by
"Three Lions" by Baddiel and Skinner and The Lightning Seeds

Preceded by
"Three Lions" by Baddiel and Skinner and The Lightning Seeds
UK Singles Chart Number 1 single
July 7, 1996 – July 13, 1996
(one week)
Succeeded by
"Forever Love" by Gary Barlow

text: Charts on which "Killing Me Softly" reached number one[edit]

text:
List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1970s
List of RPM number-one singles of 1973
List of number-one singles in 1973 (New Zealand)
List of Hot 100 number-one singles of 1973 (U.S.)
List of number-one singles in Australia during the 1990s
List of number-one hits of 1996 (Austria)
List of Dutch Top 40 number-one singles of 1996
List of European number-one hits of 1996
List of number-one hits of 1996 (France)
List of number-one singles of 1996 (Ireland)
List of number-one singles in 1996 (New Zealand)
List of number-one singles from the 1990s (UK)
List of number-one dance singles of 1996 (U.S.)
List of Mainstream Top 40 number-one hits of 1996 (U.S.)
List of Billboard Rhythmic number-one songs of the 1990s