document_title: Val Kilmer

question_text: who did val kilmer play in top gun

question_tokens: who did val kilmer play in top gun

text: Val Kilmer

text: Early life and education[edit]

text: Kilmer was born December 31, 1959, in Los Angeles,[2] the son of Gladys Swanette (née Ekstadt) and Eugene Dorris Kilmer, an aerospace equipment distributor and real estate developer.[3] His mother was of Swedish descent.[4] His father's ancestry included English, Scots-Irish, French and German.[5][6] His parents divorced in 1968 when he was 8 years old. Kilmer's grandfather was a gold miner in New Mexico, near the border with Arizona.[7] In 1977 Kilmer's younger brother Wesley drowned in a swimming pool at age 15; their father died in 1993.[8]

tag: p

text: Kilmer attended Berkeley Hall School, a Christian Science school in Los Angeles, until ninth grade.[9] He attended Chatsworth High School with Kevin Spacey and Mare Winningham, and also attended the Hollywood Professional School.[2] He became the youngest person at the time to be accepted into the Juilliard School's Drama Division, where he was a member of Group 10.[10]

text: On May 5, 2012, Kilmer was awarded an honorary doctorate of Fine Arts from William Woods University.[11]

text: Career[edit]

text: In 1981, while at Juilliard, Kilmer co-authored and starred in the play How It All Began,[12] which was performed at the Public Theater at the New York Shakespeare Festival. Kilmer turned down a role in Francis Ford Coppola's 1983 film The Outsiders, as he had prior theatre commitments.[13] In 1983 he appeared off Broadway in The Slab Boys with Kevin Bacon and Sean Penn. That same year, his first off-stage acting role (excluding television commercials) came in the form of an episode of ABC Afterschool Special called One Too Many, which was an educational drama on drinking and driving;[14] it also starred a young Michelle Pfeiffer. Also in 1983, Kilmer self-published a collection of his own poetry entitled My Edens After Burns, that included poems inspired by his time with Pfeiffer. The book of poems is difficult to obtain, and expensive; even second-hand copies fetch $300 and up.[15][16][17]

text: His big break came when he received top billing in the comedy spoof of spy movies Top Secret!, where he played an American rock and roll star. Kilmer sang all the songs in the film and released an album under the film character's name, "Nick Rivers."[18] While garnering more substantial roles and prestige, he also gained a reputation as a ladies man, dating numerous women, some many years older, including Cher and Ellen Barkin.[17]

text: During a brief hiatus, he backpacked throughout Europe before going on to play the lead character in the 1985 comedy Real Genius. He turned down a role in David Lynch's Blue Velvet[19] before being cast as naval aviator "Iceman" in the action film Top Gun alongside Tom Cruise. Top Gun grossed a total of $344,700,000 worldwide and made Kilmer a major star.[20] Following roles in the television films The Murders in the Rue Morgue and The Man Who Broke 1,000 Chains, Kilmer played Madmartigan in the fantasy Willow; he met his future wife, co-star Joanne Whalley, on the film's set. Kilmer starred in the Colorado Shakespeare Festival production of Hamlet in 1988. In 1989, Kilmer played the lead in both Kill Me Again, again opposite Whalley, and in TNT's Billy the Kid.

text: After several delays, director Oliver Stone finally started production on the film The Doors, based on the band of the same name. Kilmer spoke with Oliver Stone early on, concerned about what he might want to do with the story because Kilmer didn't believe in or want to promote substance abuse. Kilmer saw Morrison as having picked the wrong heroes, who had different issues, that were not part of the creativity or inspiration. Kilmer saw Morrison's story as one that could be told "a thousand different ways" and didn't want to tell it by playing the role in the style of drugs, with which Oliver Stone agreed.[21] Kilmer memorized the lyrics to all of lead singer Jim Morrison's songs prior to his audition, and sent a video of himself performing some Doors songs to director Stone. Stone was not impressed with the tape, but Paul Rothchild (the original producer of The Doors) said "I was shaken by it" and suggested they record Kilmer in the studio. After Kilmer was cast as Morrison, he prepared for the role by attending Doors tribute concerts and reading Morrison's poetry.[22]

text: He spent close to a year before production dressing in Morrison-like clothes, and spent time at Morrison's old hangouts along the Sunset Strip. His portrayal of Morrison was praised and members of The Doors noted that Kilmer did such a convincing job that they had trouble distinguishing his voice from Morrison's. Paul Rothchild played Kilmer's version of "The End" for the band's guitarist, Robby Krieger, who told him, "I'm really glad they got 'The End'. We never got a recording of that live with Jim and now we've got it." However, Doors keyboardist Ray Manzarek was less than enthusiastic with how Morrison was portrayed in Stone's interpretation.[23]

text: In the early 1990s, Kilmer starred in the mystery thriller Thunderheart, the action comedy The Real McCoy, and again teamed with Top Gun director Tony Scott to play Elvis Presley in True Romance, which was written by Quentin Tarantino. In 1993, Kilmer played Doc Holliday in the western Tombstone alongside Kurt Russell. In the film, Doc Holliday performs Chopin's Nocturne in E minor, Op.72, No. 1; however, Kilmer does not play the piano and he practiced that one piece for months in preparation. In 1995, Kilmer starred in Wings of Courage, a 3D IMAX film, and that same year, he starred opposite Al Pacino and Robert De Niro in Heat, which is now considered one of the best crime/drama films of the 1990s.[24]

text: Batman[edit]

text: In December 1993, Batman Forever director Joel Schumacher had seen Tombstone and was most impressed with Kilmer's performance as Doc Holliday. Schumacher felt him to be perfect for the role of Batman, though at the time, the role was still Michael Keaton's.[25] In July 1994, Keaton decided not to return for a third Batman film after 1992's Batman Returns,[26] due to "creative differences".[25] William Baldwin (who previously worked with Schumacher on Flatliners) was reported to be a top contender, though just days after Keaton dropped out, Kilmer was cast.[26] Kilmer took the role without even knowing who the new director was and without reading the script.[25]

text: Released in June 1995, Batman Forever was a success at the box office,[27] despite receiving mixed reviews from critics.[28] There was debate about Kilmer's performance; some critics charged that Kilmer, while physically fit to play Batman, more so than his predecessor Michael Keaton had been, gave a wooden performance as Bruce Wayne. Other critics though, such as Roger Ebert, had kind words for Kilmer. Batman creator Bob Kane said in a Cinescape interview that of all the actors to have played Batman up to that point, he felt Kilmer had given the best interpretation. Film critic Leonard Maltin (who criticized the dark tone contained in Batman Returns) complimented Kilmer's portrayal when he reviewed the film for his expanding collection of film reviews, as well as being very favorable of the film as a whole. Defenders of Batman Forever praised the film for portraying Batman as a more heroic, less ruthless, and more human character than in the Tim Burton films. The film also brought the film interpretation of Bruce Wayne more into line with his comic book counterpart, showing him as a socialite and a very public figure rather than the neurotic recluse of the previous films.

text: In February 1996, Kilmer decided not to return for another Batman feature film, feeling that Batman was being marginalized in favor of the villains.[29] and because of their scheduling problems with The Saint. George Clooney replaced Kilmer as Batman in 1997's Batman & Robin. There were also reports that Kilmer had not had a good working relationship with Schumacher, as another reason for not reprising the role.[30]

text: In 1996 he appeared in a largely unknown film, Dead Girl, and starred alongside Marlon Brando in the poorly received[31] The Island of Dr Moreau. That year, Kilmer starred alongside Michael Douglas in the thriller The Ghost and the Darkness. In 1997 he played Simon Templar in the popular action film, The Saint. Kilmer looked forward to the title role as a change toward a more fun, less serious action thriller, while enjoying the "master of disguise" chameleon characters like a mad artist, a nerdy British scientist, a cleaner, and a Russian mob boss. Kilmer also wrote the poetry in the film.[citation needed] He received a salary of $6 million for the movie.[29] The Saint was a financial success, grossing $169.4 million worldwide.[32]

text: In 1998, he voiced Moses in the animated film The Prince of Egypt, before starring in the independent film Joe the King (1999). Also in 1999, he played a blind man in the drama/romance At First Sight, which he described as being, of then, the hardest role he had ever had.[33]

text: Kilmer's first role in 2000 was in the big budget Warner Bros. box office disaster[34] Red Planet. That same year, he had a supporting role in the film Pollock and hosted Saturday Night Live for the first time. In 2002, he starred in the thriller The Salton Sea, which was generally well-reviewed,[35] but received only a limited release.[36] The same year, he teamed with his True Romance co-star, Christian Slater, and the two starred in the low-budget film, Hard Cash, also known as Run for the Money.

text: In 2003 Kilmer starred alongside Kate Bosworth in the drama/thriller Wonderland, portraying porn star John Holmes. He also appeared in The Missing, where he again worked with Willow director Ron Howard. The next year, he starred in David Mamet's Spartan, where he played a United States government secret agent who is assigned the task of rescuing the kidnapped daughter of the President. He received Delta Force-like training in preparation for the role.[37] Subsequently, he had a role in the drama, Stateside, and starred (again with Slater) in the thriller Mindhunters, which was filmed in 2003 but not released until 2005. Kilmer next appeared in the big budget Oliver Stone production, Alexander, which received poor reviews.[38]

text: Also in 2004, Kilmer returned to the theatre to play Moses in a Los Angeles musical production of The Ten Commandments: The Musical, produced by BCBG founder Max Azria.[39] The production played at the Kodak Theater in Hollywood and also featured Adam Lambert. Kilmer had previously played Moses in the animated film The Prince of Egypt. Finally in 2004, Kilmer appeared in an episode of Entourage, where he played a Sherpa whose primary source of income was the growing, harvesting and distributing high-quality cannabis, all under a guise of metaphysical insights.

text: Kilmer was in negotiations with Richard Dutcher (a leading director of Mormon-related films) to play the lead role in a film entitled Prophet: The Story of Joseph Smith, although the project never materialized.[40]

text: Kilmer performed in The Postman Always Rings Twice on the London stage from June to September 2005.[41] In 2005, he co-starred with Robert Downey, Jr. in the action-comedy film Kiss Kiss Bang Bang. His performance was praised and the film was well reviewed,[42] but it received only a limited release.[43] It later won the award for "Overlooked Film of the Year" from the Phoenix Film Critics Society.

text: In 2006 he reunited with director Tony Scott a third time for a supporting role opposite Denzel Washington in the box-office hit Déjà Vu. The song "Val Kilmer" was named after him on Bowling for Soup's 2006 album The Great Burrito Extortion Case. The song was later used for a Ford Motors commercial on season 10 of American Idol in 2011. In 2007, he guest-starred on the hit TV series Numb3rs in the episode "Trust Metric", portraying torture expert Mason Lancer. That same year, he released a CD, proceeds of which went to his charity interests.[citation needed] In 2008, Kilmer starred alongside Stephen Dorff in the Sony and Stage 6 film Felon. The film was given only a limited theatrical release in New York and Los Angeles in 2008, but it developed into a success secondary to positive word of mouth.

text: Kilmer was the voice of the car KITT for the 2008 Knight Rider TV pilot film and the following television series. He replaced Will Arnett, who had to step down from the role due to contractual conflict with General Motors. In keeping with tradition established by the original Knight Rider series and original KITT actor William Daniels, Kilmer was uncredited for the role on-screen. He next starred alongside Nicolas Cage in the Werner Herzog film Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans, and alongside Curtis "50 Cent" Jackson in Streets of Blood. Both were released in 2009. He appeared as the main antagonist "Mongoose" in a live TV series adaptation of the comic/video game of XIII on NBC in 2009.

text: In 2010 Kilmer starred in the horror film from Michael Oblowitz, The Traveler, where he played the vengeful spirit of a man who had been tortured and murdered while in police custody. In November 2010, Kilmer was filming in Kelseyville, California. He was finally able to work with his lifelong friend Francis Ford Coppola and star in the film Twixt. The film was filmed mostly on Coppola's estate in Napa County. The filming was expected to take five weeks and was being independently funded by Coppola. In 2010, Kilmer appeared as the villain Dieter Von Cunth in MacGruber, and Tenacious D's music video "To Be The Best" as a small cameo role.

text: Kilmer spoke at the May 5, 2010, commencement ceremonies of William Woods University in Fulton, Missouri.[44] During his week-long visit on campus, he also performed his one-man play, Citizen Twain.[45][46] He received an honorary doctorate "in recognition of his creative abilities and his contributions to art and theater."[46]

text: In 2012 Kilmer received a Grammy nomination for Best Spoken Word. He also starred in Harmony Korine's short "The Lotus Community Workshop" which is part of a collaborative film The Fourth Dimension. He plays a version of himself from an alternate reality, that is a former actor, turned self-help guru. The Fourth Dimension is a collection of three standalone short films about parallel universes produced by Vice Films in collaboration with Grolsch Film Works, a new division of the namesake beer company. Kilmer notes that his addition to the list of actors, including John Malkovich (Being John Malkovich) and Al Pacino (Jack and Jill), that mock their real-life persona in fictional movies was an accident and says, "I still love saying the premise because it makes me laugh every time."[47]

text: In 2002 Kilmer worked on a film about the life of Mary Baker Eddy, the founder of the Christian Science church,[48] and Mark Twain, one of her most famous critics. Kilmer is still working on the film, which is about the lives and relationship of Mary Baker Eddy and Mark Twain as "a quirky, tender, tragicomic portrait of two contrasting lives, set against the backdrop of Gilded Age America."[49] Citizen Twain was initially performed as a one-man show Hollywood workshop in April 2012; it is now the basis of Kilmer's film project, which will be his directorial debut.[47] In 2013, he reunited with his Top Gun co-star Anthony Edwards in the Disney animated movie Planes. Kilmer voiced the character Bravo, while Edwards supplied Echo. Kilmer also played the role of Detective Dobson in the series finale of the television show Psych.

text: In 2017, Kilmer appeared in Song to Song opposite Rooney Mara and Ryan Gosling and directed by Terrence Malick.[50][51]

text: Influence and public image[edit]

text: Kevin Spacey told James Lipton on Inside the Actors Studio that one of the turning points of his life was at a high school drama festival when he saw Kilmer and Mare Winningham perform a scene from The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie and the drama teacher, Robert Carrelli, invited him to transfer to Chatsworth High School; he accepted. In the same interview, Spacey said he went to Juilliard because Kilmer did. Kilmer was at that time the youngest person ever admitted to Juilliard. During Kilmer's subsequent Inside the Actors Studio interview, he said "Robert Carrelli, who was our teacher, had a knack for producing and directing. And it was either Beverly Hills High, because of their very talented pool of students, or Chatsworth High that would win all these festivals."[21]

text: Politics and charity work[edit]

text: Kilmer made several trips to New Orleans to help in the 2005 Hurricane Katrina disaster relief.[52] Kilmer is a supporter of Native American affairs and an advocate of environmental protection.[53] He briefly flirted with running for Governor of New Mexico in 2010, but decided not to run.[54]

text: In May 2013, Kilmer lobbied Congress on behalf of Equitable Access to Care and Health Act, or EACH Act (H.R. 1814), a bill "to provide an additional religious exemption from the individual health coverage mandate" of Obamacare.[55][56]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Kilmer was married to actress Joanne Whalley from March 1988 to February 1996. The two met while working together on the film Willow. The couple had two children: a daughter, Mercedes (b. October 29, 1991), and a son, Jack (b. June 6, 1995). Warwick Davis, Kilmer's co-star from the 1988 fantasy Willow, in his audio commentary for the film said that the question he is most asked is what it was like working with Kilmer. Though Kilmer has a reputation of being difficult, Davis describes him as a very funny man and a hard working, dedicated actor. Kilmer reunited with Davis in the 2013 Easter special of the sitcom Life's Too Short, in which he plays a fictionalized version of himself as a mooching, arrogant eccentric.

text: Kilmer has gotten into feuds with some of the actors with whom he has worked, notably The Island of Dr. Moreau co-star Marlon Brando and Red Planet co-star Tom Sizemore.[57]

text: Other actors have noted that he prepares for his roles extensively and meticulously. Irwin Winkler (director of At First Sight) talked about his decision to hire Kilmer. "I'd heard the stories, so I checked him out. I called Bob De Niro and Michael Mann, who'd worked with him on Heat, and they both gave him raves... I had a wonderful experience in spite of all the naysayers."[58] Jeffrey Katzenberg (producer of Prince of Egypt) talks about the actor: "Val was one of the first people cast in The Prince of Egypt. He was there every step of the way; patient, understanding, and phenomenally generous with his time."[59]

text: In 2011 Kilmer sold his 6,000-acre (24 km2) ranch in New Mexico, where he would track, hike, fish, and raise bison.[48] Kilmer is a devout Christian Scientist. He is also an avid musician; he released a CD in the fall of 2007 and donated its proceeds to his charity interests.

text: Health[edit]

text: In January 2015, Kilmer was hospitalized for what his representative said were tests for what could be a possible tumor. Kilmer said on social media, "I have not had a tumor, or a tumor operations [sic], or any operation. I had a complication where the best way to receive care was to stay under the watchful eye of the UCLA ICU."[60] After previously denying persistent rumors that he had been diagnosed with cancer, Kilmer said in April 2017 that he had a "healing of cancer".[61]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1984
Top Secret!
Nick Rivers

1985
Real Genius
Chris Knight

1986
Top Gun
Lt. Tom "Iceman" Kazanski

1988
Willow
Madmartigan

1989
Kill Me Again
Jack Andrews

1991
The Doors
Jim Morrison
Nominated – Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor
Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best Actor in a Movie

1992
Thunderheart
Ray Levoi

1993
The Real McCoy
JT Barker

1993
Tombstone
Doc Holliday
Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Best Actor in a Movie
Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Most Desirable Male

1993
True Romance
Elvis Presley

1995
Batman Forever
Bruce Wayne/Batman
Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Most Desirable Male

1995
Heat
Chris Shiherlis
Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated – MTV Movie Award for Most Desirable Male

1995
Wings of Courage
Jean Mermoz

1996
The Island of Dr Moreau
Montgomery

1996
The Ghost and the Darkness
Col. John Henry Patterson

1996
Dead Girl
Dr. Dark

1997
The Saint
Simon Templar

1998
The Prince of Egypt
Moses/God
Voice

1999
At First Sight
Virgil "Virg" Adamson

1999
Joe the King
Bob Henry

2000
Pollock
Willem de Kooning

2000
Red Planet
Robby Gallagher

2002
The Salton Sea
Danny Parker / Tom Van Allen

2002
Hard Cash
FBI Agent Mark C. Cornell

2003
Wonderland
John Holmes

2003
The Missing
Lt. Jim Ducharme

2003
Blind Horizon
Frank Kavanaugh

2003
Masked and Anonymous
Animal Wrangler

2004
Spartan
Robert Scott

2004
Stateside
Staff Sergeant Skeer

2004
Alexander
Philip II of Macedon

2004
George and the Dragon
El Cabillo
Uncredited

2005
Mindhunters
Jake Harris

2005
Kiss Kiss Bang Bang
Perry Van Shrike / "Gay Perry"
Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor

2006
Summer Love
The wanted man

2006
Moscow Zero
Andrey

2006
10th & Wolf
Murtha

2006
Played
Dillon

2006
Déjà Vu
Agent Andrew Pryzwarra

2006
The Ten Commandments: The Musical
Moses

2007
Have Dreams, Will Travel
Henderson

2008
Conspiracy
MacPherson

2008
Felon
John Smith

2008
Delgo
Bogardus
Voice

2008
2:22
Maz

2008
Columbus Day
John
Also producer

2008
The Love Guru
Himself
Uncredited

2009
The Chaos Experiment
James Pettis

2009
Streets of Blood
Detective Andy Devereaux

2009
American Cowslip
Todd Inglebrink

2009
The Thaw
Dr. David Kruipen

2009
Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans
Det. Stevie Pruit

2009
Hardwired
Virgil

2009
Double Identity
Dr. Nicholas Pinter

2010
The Traveler
The Stranger / Mr. Nobody

2010
Bloodworth
Warren Bloodworth

2010
MacGruber
Dieter Von Cunth

2010
Gun
Angel

2011
Kill the Irishman
Joe Manditski

2011
Blood Out
Arturo

2011
5 Days of War
Dutch journalist

2011
Twixt
Hall Baltimore

2012
Riddle
Sheriff Richards

2012
Seven Below
McCormick

2012
Wyatt Earp's Revenge
Wyatt Earp

2012
The Fourth Dimension
Hector

2012
Breathless
Dale

2013
Planes
Bravo
Voice

2013
Standing Up
Hofstadder

2013
Palo Alto
Stewart

2014
Tom Sawyer & Huckleberry Finn
Mark Twain

2017
Song to Song
Duane

2017
The Snowman
Gert Rafto

text: Television[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1986
The Murders in the Rue Morgue
Phillipe Huron
Television film

1987
The Man Who Broke 1,000 Chains
Robert Eliot Burns / Eliot Roberts
Television film
Nominated – CableACE Award for Actor in a Movie or Miniseries

1989
Billy the Kid
William Bonney
Television film

2004
Entourage
The Sherpa
Episode: "The Script and the Sherpa"

2007
Numb3rs
Mason Lancer
Episode: "Trust Metric"

2008
Comanche Moon
Inish Scull
3 episodes; also associate producer

2008
XIII
Mongoose
2 episodes

2008–2009
Knight Rider
KITT
Voice
18 episodes

2013
Life's Too Short
Himself
Episode: "Special"

2013
Ghost Ghirls
Sweetriver Jackson
2 episodes

2014
The Spoils of Babylon
General Cauliffe
3 episodes

2014
Psych
Detective Dobson
Episode: "The Break-Up"

text: Video games[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Voice role

2011
Spider-Man: Edge of Time
Walker Sloan

text: Music videos[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2012
"To Be the Best"
Himself
Tenacious D

2016
"Animals"
Himself
Oneohtrix Point Never


document_title: No Sleep till Brooklyn

question_text: who played guitar in no sleep till brooklyn

root

text: No Sleep till Brooklyn

text: Production and play[edit]

text: Kerry King, guitarist for Slayer, played the guitar riffs and solo; he had also released an album produced by Rick Rubin in 1986 (Reign in Blood). In a different tuning, the song interprets "TNT" by AC/DC.[4] More metal commentary and adaptation is added by the video, directed by Ric Menello,[5] as a parody of glam metal.[6]

text: Later in their career, the Beastie Boys continued to perform the song live, although with altered lyrics to reflect their more mature attitude towards women. "M.C.A.'s in the back because he's skeezin' with a whore," was changed to "M.C.A.'s in the back with the mahjong board",[7] and "Autographed pictures and classy hoes" was changed to "Autographed pictures to nobody knows."[7]

text: The song features one of many homages to New York City's boroughs, and has been described as "joyful ranting."[8]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The music video for "No Sleep till Brooklyn" was co-directed by Ric Menello and Adam Dubin.[9][10] Menello and Dubin also directed the video for the Beastie Boys' preceding single, "(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)".[9][10] Kerry King, who plays guitar on this track, also appears in the video. Ruth Collins known as the "Queen of B Movies" of the 80's is featured as the lead dancer.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
The song is featured on the soundtrack of the Steven Seagal film Out for Justice.
Rapper Tone Lōc sampled the riff for his song "Ace Is on the House", which was featured in the end credits and soundtrack of the 1994 film Ace Ventura: Pet Detective.
The song was used in several films and video games including Cop Out, Guitar Hero: World Tour and The Secret Life of Pets.
"No Sleep till Brooklyn" appeared in the promos for the 2013 VMA Awards and trailer for Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows.
The song was played on Family Guy (season 15) episode "Cop and a Half-wit"

tag: ul

text: Covers and parodies[edit]

text:
British comedian Tony Hawks parodied the song's chorus in "Stutter Rap (No Sleep Til Bedtime)" under the pseudonym of "Morris Minor and the Majors" where they rapped 'No need for shouting!"
Dutch group Osdorp Posse recorded a cover/adaptation in Dutch, as "Geen slaap tot Osdorp" ("No sleep till Osdorp").[11][12]
The song is also played as "No Sleep 'til Belfast" by Stiff Little Fingers on their 1988 album No Sleep 'til Belfast
In 2009, "No Sleep 'till Brooklyn" was covered by Jay-Z at the All Points West Festival (Jay-Z had inherited the Friday headlining slot from the Beastie Boys, who pulled out due to Adam Yauch's early stage battle with cancer.[13])

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1987)
Peak
position

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[14]
28

Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[15]
22

Netherlands (GfK Dutch Chart)[16]
23

Germany (Media Control Charts)[17]
46

Ireland Irish Singles Chart[18]
17

UK (Official Charts Company)[19]
14

tag: table


document_title: Geography of Mexico

question_text: which mountain range is found along the east coast of mexico

text: Geography of Mexico

text: Physical features

text: Beginning approximately 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the United States border, the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain range extends about 1,250 kilometres (780 mi) south to the Río Santiago,[7] where it merges with the Cordillera Neovolcánica range that runs east-west across central Mexico. The Sierra Madre Occidental lies approximately 300 kilometres (190 mi) inland from the west coast of Mexico at its northern end but approaches to within fifty kilometers of the coast near the Cordillera Neovolcánica. The northwest coastal plain is the name given the lowland area between the Sierra Madre Occidental and the Gulf of California. The Sierra Madre Occidental averages 2,250 metres (7,380 ft) in elevation, with peaks reaching 3,000 metres (9,800 ft).

text: The Sierra Madre Oriental mountain range starts at the Big Bend region of the border with the U.S. state of Texas and continues 1,350 kilometres (840 mi) until reaching Cofre de Perote, one of the major peaks of the Cordillera Neovolcánica. As is the case with the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sierra Madre Oriental comes progressively closer to the coastline as it approaches its southern terminus, reaching to within 75 kilometres (47 mi) of the Gulf of Mexico. The northeast coastal plain extends from the eastern slope of the Sierra Madre Oriental to the Gulf of Mexico. The median elevation of the Sierra Madre Oriental is 2,200 metres (7,200 ft), with some peaks at 3,000 metres (9,800 ft).

text: The Mexican Altiplano, stretching from the United States border to the Cordillera Neovolcánica, occupies the vast expanse of land between the eastern and western sierra madres. A low east-west range divides the altiplano into northern and southern sections. These two sections, previously called the Mesa del Norte and Mesa Central, are now regarded by geographers as sections of one altiplano. The northern altiplano averages 1,100 meters in elevation and continues south from the Río Bravo del Norte through the states of Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí. Various narrow, isolated ridges cross the plateaus of the northern altiplano. Numerous depressions dot the region, the largest of which is the Bolsón de Mapimí. The southern Altiplano is higher than its northern counterpart, averaging 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) in elevation. The southern altiplano contains numerous valleys originally formed by ancient lakes. Several of Mexico's most prominent cities, including Mexico City and Guadalajara, are located in the valleys of the southern Altiplano.

text: One other significant mountain range, the Peninsular Ranges, cuts across the landscape of the northern half of Mexico. A southern extension of the California coastal ranges that parallel California's coast, the Mexican portion of the Peninsular Ranges extends from the United States border to the southern tip of the Baja California Peninsula, a distance of 1,430 kilometres (890 mi). Peaks in the California system range in altitude from 2,200 metres (7,200 ft) in the north to only 250 metres (820 ft) near La Paz in the south. Narrow lowlands are found on the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California sides of the mountains.The Cordillera Neovolcánica is a belt 900 kilometres (560 mi) long and 130 kilometres (81 mi) wide, extending from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico. The Cordillera Neovolcánica begins at the Río Grande de Santiago and continues south to Colima, where it turns east along the nineteenth parallel to the central portion of the state of Veracruz. The region is distinguished by considerable seismic activity and contains Mexico's highest volcanic peaks. This range contains three peaks exceeding 5,000 metres (16,000 ft): Pico de Orizaba (Citlaltépetl)—the third highest mountain in North America—and Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl near Mexico City. The Cordillera Neovolcánica is regarded as the geological dividing line between North America and Central America.

text: Several important mountain ranges dominate the landscape of southern and southeastern Mexico. The Sierra Madre del Sur extends 1,200 kilometers along Mexico's southern coast from the southwestern part of the Cordillera Neovolcánica to the nearly flat isthmus of Tehuantepec. Mountains in this range average 2,000 meters in elevation. The range averages 100 kilometers wide, but widens to 150 kilometers in the state of Oaxaca. The narrow southwest coastal plain extends from the Sierra Madre del Sur to the Pacific Ocean. The Sierra Madre de Oaxaca begins at Pico de Orizaba and extends in a southeasterly direction for 300 kilometers until reaching the isthmus of Tehuantepec. Peaks in the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca average 2,500 meters in elevation, with some peaks exceeding 3,000 meters. South of the isthmus of Tehuantepec, the Sierra Madre de Chiapas runs 280 kilometers along the Pacific Coast from the Oaxaca-Chiapas border to Mexico's border with Guatemala. Although average elevation is only 1,500 meters, one peak—Volcán de Tacuma—exceeds 4,000 meters in elevation. Finally, the Meseta Central de Chiapas extends 250 kilometers through the central part of Chiapas to Guatemala. The average height of peaks of the Meseta Central de Chiapas is 2,000 meters. The Chiapas central valley separates the Meseta Central de Chiapas and the Sierra Madre de Chiapas.

text: Mexico has nearly 150 rivers, two-thirds of which empty into the Pacific Ocean and the remainder of which flow into the Gulf of Mexico or the Caribbean Sea. Despite this apparent abundance of water, water volume is unevenly distributed throughout the country. Indeed, five rivers—the Usumacinta, Grijalva, Papaloapán, Coatzacoalcos, and Pánuco—account for 52 percent of Mexico's average annual volume of surface water. All five rivers flow into the Gulf of Mexico; only the Río Pánuco is outside southeastern Mexico, which contains approximately 15 percent of national territory and 12 percent of the national population. In contrast, northern and central Mexico, with 47 percent of the national area and almost 60 percent of Mexico's population, have less than 10 percent of the country's water resources.

text: Seismic activity

text: Situated atop three of the large tectonic plates that constitute the Earth's surface, Mexico is one of the most seismologically active regions on earth.[8] The motion of these plates causes earthquakes and volcanic activity.

text: Most of the Mexican landmass rests on the westward moving North American plate. The Pacific Ocean floor off southern Mexico, however, is being carried northeast by the underlying motion of the Cocos Plate. Ocean floor material is relatively dense; when it strikes the lighter granite of the Mexican landmass, the ocean floor is forced under the landmass, creating the deep Middle America Trench that lies off Mexico's southern coast. The westward moving land atop the North American plate is slowed and crumpled where it meets the Cocos plate, creating the mountain ranges of southern Mexico. The subduction of the Cocos plate accounts for the frequency of earthquakes near Mexico's southern coast. As the rocks constituting the ocean floor are forced down, they melt, and the molten material is forced up through weaknesses in the surface rock, creating the volcanoes in the Cordillera Neovolcánica across central Mexico.

text: Areas of Mexico's coastline on the Gulf of California, including the Baja California Peninsula, are riding northwestward on the Pacific plate. Rather than one plate subducting, the Pacific and North American plates grind past each other, creating a slip fault that is the southern extension of the San Andreas fault in California. Motion along this fault in the past pulled Baja California away from the coast, creating the Gulf of California. Continued motion along this fault is the source of earthquakes in western Mexico.

text: Mexico has a long history of destructive earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In September 1985, an earthquake measuring 8.0 on the moment magnitude scale and centered in the subduction zone off Acapulco killed more than 4,000 people in Mexico City, more than 300 kilometers away. Volcán de Colima, south of Guadalajara, erupted in 1994, and El Chichón, in southern Mexico, underwent a violent eruption in 1983. Parícutin in northwest Mexico began as puffs of smoke in a cornfield in 1943; a decade later the volcano was 424 meters high. Although dormant for decades, Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl ("smoking warrior" and "white lady," respectively, in Nahuatl) occasionally send out puffs of smoke clearly visible in Mexico City, a reminder to the capital's inhabitants that volcanic activity is near. Popocatépetl showed renewed activity in 1995 and 1996, forcing the evacuation of several nearby villages and causing concern by seismologists and government officials about the effect that a large-scale eruption might have on the heavily populated region nearby.

text: Climate

text: The Tropic of Cancer effectively divides the country into temperate and tropical zones. Land north of the twenty-fourth parallel experiences cooler temperatures during the winter months. South of the twenty-fourth parallel, temperatures are fairly constant year round and vary solely as a function of elevation.

text: Areas south of the twentieth-fourth parallel with elevations up to 1,000 meters (3,281 ft) (the southern parts of both coastal plains as well as the Yucatán Peninsula), have a yearly median temperature between 24 and 28 °C (75.2 and 82.4 °F). Temperatures here remain high throughout the year, with only a 5 °C (9 °F) difference between winter and summer median temperatures. Although low-lying areas north of the twentieth-fourth parallel are hot and humid during the summer, they generally have lower yearly temperature averages (from 20 to 24 °C or 68.0 to 75.2 °F) because of more moderate conditions during the winter.

text: Between 1,000 and 2,000 meters (3,281 and 6,562 ft), one encounters yearly average temperatures between 16 and 20 °C (60.8 and 68.0 °F). Towns and cities at this elevation south of the twenty-fourth parallel have relatively constant, pleasant temperatures throughout the year, whereas more northerly locations experience sizeable seasonal variations. Above 2,000 meters (6,562 ft), temperatures drop as low as an average yearly range between 8 and 12 °C (46.4 and 53.6 °F) in the Cordillera Neovolcánica. At 2,300 meters (7,546 ft), Mexico City has a yearly median temperature of 15 °C (59 °F) with pleasant summers and mild winters. Average daily highs and lows for May, the warmest month, are 26 and 12 °C (78.8 and 53.6 °F), and average daily highs and lows for January, the coldest month, are 19 and 6 °C (66.2 and 42.8 °F).

text: Rainfall varies widely both by location and season. Arid or semiarid conditions are encountered in the Baja California Peninsula, the northwestern state of Sonora, the northern altiplano, and also significant portions of the southern altiplano. Rainfall in these regions averages between 300 and 600 millimeters (11.8 and 23.6 in) per year, although even less in some areas, particularly in the state of Baja California. Average rainfall totals are between 600 and 1,000 millimeters (23.6 and 39.4 in) in most of the major populated areas of the southern altiplano, including Mexico City and Guadalajara. Low-lying areas along the Gulf of Mexico receive in excess of 1,000 millimeters (39.4 in) of rainfall in an average year, with the wettest region being the southeastern state of Tabasco, which typically receives approximately 2,000 millimeters (78.7 in) of rainfall on an annual basis. Parts of the northern altiplano, highlands and high peaks in the Sierra Madres receive yearly snowfall. Citlaltépetl, Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl continue to support glaciers, the largest of which is the Gran Glaciar Norte.

text: Mexico has pronounced wet and dry seasons. Most of the country experiences a rainy season from June to mid-October and significantly less rain during the remainder of the year. February and July generally are the driest and wettest months, respectively. Mexico City, for example, receives an average of only 5 millimeters (0.2 in) of rain during February but more than 160 millimeters (6.3 in) in July. Coastal areas, especially those along the Gulf of Mexico, experience the largest amounts of rain in September. Tabasco typically records more than 300 millimeters (11.8 in) of rain during that month. A small coastal area of northwestern coastal Mexico around Tijuana has a Mediterranean climate with considerable coastal fog and a rainy season that occurs in winter.

text: Mexico lies squarely within the hurricane belt, and all regions of both coasts are susceptible to these storms from June through November. Hurricanes on the Pacific coast are often less violent than those affecting Mexico's eastern coastline. Several hurricanes per year strike the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico coastline, however, and these storms bring high winds, heavy rain, extensive damage, and occasional loss of life. Hurricane Gilbert passed directly over Cancún in September 1988, with winds in excess of 200 kilometers per hour (124 mph), producing major damage to hotels in the resort area. It then struck northeast Mexico, where flooding from the heavy rain killed dozens in the Monterrey area and caused extensive damage to livestock and vegetable crops.

text: Environmental conditions

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Mexico faces significant environmental challenges damaging nearly all sections of the country. Vast expanses of southern and southeastern tropical forests have been denuded for cattle-raising and agriculture. For example, tropical forests covered almost half of the state of Tabasco in 1940 but less than 10% by the late 1980s. During the same period, pastureland increased from 20 to 60% of the state's total area. Analysts reported similar conditions in other tropical sections of Mexico. Deforestation and desertification has contributed to serious levels of soil erosion nationwide. In 1985 the government classified almost 17% of all land as totally eroded, 31% in an accelerated state of erosion, and 38% demonstrating signs of incipient erosion. Mexico has developed a Biodiversity Action Plan to address issues of endangered species and habitats that merit protection.

text: Soil destruction is particularly pronounced in the north and northwest, with more than 60% of land considered in a total or accelerated state of erosion. Fragile because of its semiarid and arid character, the soil of the region has become increasingly damaged through excessive cattle-raising and irrigation with waters containing high levels of salinity. The result is a mounting problem of desertification throughout the region.

text: Mexico's vast coastline faces a different, but no less difficult, series of environmental problems. For example, inadequately regulated petroleum exploitation in the Coatzacoalcos-Minatitlán zone in the Gulf of Mexico has caused serious damage to the waters and fisheries of Río Coatzacoalcos. The deadly explosion that racked a working-class neighborhood in Guadalajara in April 1992 serves as an appropriate symbol of environmental damage in Mexico. More than 1,000 barrels (160 m3) of gasoline seeped from a corroded Mexican Petroleum (Petróleos Mexicanos—Pemex) pipeline into the municipal sewer system, where it combined with gases and industrial residuals to produce a massive explosion that killed 190 persons and injured nearly 1,500 others.

text: Mexico City confronts authorities with perhaps their most daunting environmental challenge. Geography and extreme population levels have combined to produce one of the world's most polluted urban areas. Mexico City sits in a valley surrounded on three sides by mountains, which serve to trap contaminants produced by the metropolitan area's 15 million residents. One government study in the late 1980s determined that nearly 5 million tons of contaminants were emitted annually in the atmosphere, a tenfold increase over the previous decade. Carbons and hydrocarbons from the region's more than 3 million vehicles account for approximately 80% of these contaminants, with another 15%, primarily of sulfur and nitrogen, coming from industrial plants. The resulting dangerous mix is responsible for a wide range of respiratory illnesses. One study of twelve urban areas worldwide in the mid-1980s concluded that the residents of Mexico City had the highest levels of lead and cadmium in their blood. The volume of pollutants from Mexico City has damaged the surrounding ecosystem as well. For example, wastewater from Mexico City that flows north and is used for irrigation in the state of Hidalgo has been linked to congenital birth defects and high levels of gastrointestinal diseases in that state.

text: Beginning in the mid-1980s, the government enacted numerous antipollution policies in Mexico City with varied degrees of success. Measures such as vehicle emissions inspections, the introduction of unleaded gasoline, and the installation of catalytic converters on new vehicles helped reduce pollution generated by trucks and buses. In contrast, one of the government's most prominent actions, the No Driving Day program, may have inadvertently contributed to higher pollution levels. Under the program, metropolitan area residents were prohibited from driving their vehicles one day each work week based on the last number of their license plate. However, those with the resources to do so purchased additional automobiles to use on the day their principal vehicle was prohibited from driving, thus adding to the region's vehicle stock. Thermal inversions reached such dangerous levels at various times in the mid-1990s that the government declared pollution emergencies, necessitating sharp temporary cutbacks in vehicle use and industrial production.

text: General indicators

text: Climate: varies from tropical to desert.

text: Terrain: high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert.

text: Elevation extremes:

text:
lowest point: Laguna Salada -10 m
highest point: Pico de Orizaba volcano 5,700 m

text: Natural resources: petroleum, silver, copper, gold, lead, zinc, natural gas and timber.

text: Land use:

text:
arable land: 12.98%
permanent crops: 1.36%
other: 85.66% (2011)

text: Irrigated land: 64,600 km2 (2009)

text: Total renewable water resources: 457.2 km3

text:
Natural hazards: Tsunamis and tropical cyclones along the Pacific coast, volcanoes and destructive earthquakes in the center and south, and hurricanes on the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean coasts.
volcanism: volcanic activity in the central-southern part of the country; the volcanoes in Baja California are mostly dormant; Colima (elev. 3,850 m), which erupted in 2010, is Mexico's most active volcano and is responsible for causing periodic evacuations of nearby villagers; it has been deemed a "Decade Volcano" by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, worthy of study due to its explosive history and close proximity to human populations; Popocatepetl (elev. 5,426 m) poses a threat to Mexico City; other historically active volcanoes include Barcena, Ceboruco, El Chichon, Michoacan-Guanajuato, Pico de Orizaba, San Martin, Socorro, and Tacana

text: Environment – current issues: Natural fresh water resources scarce and polluted in north, inaccessible and poor quality in center and extreme southeast; raw sewage and industrial effluents polluting rivers in urban areas; deforestation; widespread erosion; desertification; serious air pollution in the national capital and urban centers along the US-Mexico border; land subsudence in Valley of Mexico caused by groundwater delpletion.

text: Environment – international agreements: Party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling.


document_title: Orange Is the New Black (season 5)

question_text: last episode of orange is the new black season 5

text: Orange Is the New Black (season 5)

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byFeatured character(s)Original release date531"Riot FOMO"Andrew McCarthyJenji KohannoneJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
Litchfield Prison erupts into a riot when the inmates are not satisfied with Caputo's handling of Poussey's death. Daya shoots CO Thomas Humphrey in the thigh after he begins begging for his life in Spanish, a language she does not speak. His life is eventually saved by Sophia, who has paramedic training from her days as a firefighter. Piper and Alex try to take Linda hostage, but then feel bad for her and help her disguise herself as an inmate. Taystee, Black Cindy, Janae and Alison force Caputo to read a statement about Poussey's death, which Taystee records on an iPad. Josh, a PR representative from MCC who was visiting Caputo, helps her upload it to Twitter, since he thinks the story of a renegade CO reflects better on the company than out-of-control inmates. Daya attempts to contact Aleida, but an unseen person knocks her unconscious and steals the gun from her.
542"Fuck, Marry, Frieda"Constantine MakrisJordan HarrisonFriedaJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
The prison stays under control of the inmates, who are holding several corrections officers hostage. The Hispanics force the COs to strip down to their underwear in front of a packed chapel. The video of Caputo, meant to spark outrage, instead gets mocked with memes featuring the hashtag #BlackLattesMatter because Cindy is shown drinking a latte. Humphrey, who suffered major blood loss, has a stroke in the prison infirmary, which is staffed by only a nurse. Daya, nearing an emotional breakdown worrying over her future, claims she lost the gun, while CO Artesian McCullough suspects the gun is gone. Taystee uploads a photo of all the COs, plus Caputo, in their underwear. It is revealed that Frieda has a secret "bunker" built out of an unused pool that was never filled in, also stocked with food she has hoarded.

Flashback: Frieda's life as a child during the Cuban Missile Crisis reveals her father was paranoid about the Soviet Union and a nuclear war, and had an underground bunker in the woods, also stocked with food and weapons.
553"Pissters!"Phil AbrahamRebecca Angelo & Lauren Schuker BlumLindaJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
Worried over the public backlash—and celebrity chef Judy King—MCC decides to give in to the inmates and meet their demands. Linda tries to fit in with the inmates, but is shocked at the substandard conditions of the prison. Piper and Alex, looking at Linda's phone, are shocked to find photos of her kissing Caputo. The inmates work together to compile a list of demands, which includes reinstating the GED program, better healthcare, amnesty for the inmates involved in the riot, the arrest of CO Bayley for Poussey's death, and Flaming Hot Cheetos. Bayley, meanwhile, goes to the police station and tries to confess murder, but the police dismiss him as a drunk veteran back from the Iraq War with PTSD and put him in the drunk tank. A frightened Judy King, a victim of a random pantsing by meth heads Angie and Leanne, attempts to escape but is attacked by the white supremacists. The COs, locked in a room, plot to regain control of the prison after Artesian's tip that the inmates do not have the gun anymore. As they prepare to attack the inmates, Caputo sees Linda among them.

Flashback: Linda's college days in a sorority in the 1990s show that while at a party, she left her drunk friend outside in the snow and she ended up freezing to death.
564"Litchfield's Got Talent"Nick SandowJosh Koenigsberg, Jenji Kohan & Tara HerrmannAlisonJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
The COs, who are preparing to attack once they are brought food, abort the mission on Caputo's command. Meth heads Angie and Leanne try to pants Gloria, and the gun falls to the crowd, which they recover. High, they want the COs to perform a talent show for their enjoyment. The "talents" include singing from CO Dixon; a Mormon-themed magic show from CO Blake; an Italian monologue from Josh; and a strip show from CO Stratman. Leanne declares Josh the winner merely because he is the prettiest. Suzanne, who believes Poussey's spirit is still where she died, sets up a shrine on the spot of her death and organizes a séance. Blanca and Red, high on amphetamines that Blanca claimed were vitamins, raid the administrative files looking for dirt on the COs. They discover that Piscatella was transferred to Litchfield from a male prison after the death of an inmate, who was discovered in the shower with burns on 80% of his body. Judy King is tied to a board, crucifixion-style, by the white supremacists, who think she has a stash of food. She lies to them and says she is expecting a drop of supplies on the roof of the prison from a helicopter. They go up to the roof and realizing she lied, they try to throw her off, and she faints. Then, a helicopter arrives, but it is a news helicopter carrying cameramen, who take photos and record Judy tied up and unconscious.

Flashback: Alison persuades her husband to accept a polygamous lifestyle because she feels overwhelmed by the time constraints of the housework and raising their daughter, Farah. Then, another woman, Sahar, moves in, but Alison gets jealous.
575"Sing It, White Effie"Phil AbrahamMolly Smith MetzlerWatsonJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
Video of Judy King is widely misreported as a terrorist attack against Christians, as the white supremacists had their heads covered and are mistaken for Muslims. The governor is livid about MCC's passive stance and sends his own team to Litchfield. On the outside, Aleida struggles to find employment. Gloria calls her but is unable to tell her about Daya. Janae, Alison, Black Cindy and Taystee free Judy in order to stop the disinformation about the situation. They clean her up and have Josh give her talking points, before all four go outside to face the press. Judy begins to give her statement but Taystee interrupts her with an emotional speech about how Judy was kept separately from them because of her wealth and status. She says their fight is not with Judy but with the system that punishes poor and black people. Meanwhile, Angie and Leanne find Charlie Coates in the laundry room after he had been with Pennsatucky. They plan to take him hostage but Pennsatucky grabs the gun from Angie's waistband. She throws the gun to Charlie and it accidentally fires, shooting Leanne in the finger. Charlie uses the weapon to escape the prison and goes outside, where the CERT greets him with guns drawn; then, he faints.

Flashback: A teenaged Watson tours an elite prep school and is mesmerized by the wealth and depth of education. She witnesses a rehearsal for the school's (all-white) production of Dreamgirls and is shocked by a white girl in an Afro wig performing "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going." Returning to her school, she is discouraged by her poor conditions and develops a negative attitude.
586"Flaming Hot Cheetos, Literally"Andrew McCarthyLauren MorelliTaysteeJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
The inmates organize a mock trial for Pennsatucky, with Big Boo acting as her representative. Using Saved by the Bell episodes, Big Boo casts doubt on Angie's credibility, and Pennsatucky is given community service as a sentence. Aleida appears on the local news to talk about Litchfield, but it is a disaster. Morello has sex with Nicky and realizes she is pregnant. The inmates receive boxes of Flaming Hot Cheetos and tampons from the governor, who wants them to release the hostages. They refuse to do so until the rest of their demands are met. Then, they have a bonfire of Cheetos in front of the press.

Flashback: Taystee celebrates her 18th birthday in a group home. She meets her birth mother, who was 15 when she first got pregnant. Her mother now has a husband and a young daughter and does not want to tell them about Taystee. Then, Taystee, who mistakenly believed she was going to go live with her mother, runs away from the group home.
597"Full Bush, Half Snickers"Uta BriesewitzAnthony NatolinoneJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
Morello's husband leaves her after she announces her pregnancy. The imprisoned guards are forced to clean bunks. Poussey's friends try to think of the best way to honor her memory; Soso wants it to be something Poussey herself would have wanted, and they reinvigorate the library by putting books all over the prison. Red, with help from Blanca, tries to entice Piscatella into the prison. Linda has sex with Big Boo. Red tries to guess Humphrey's smartphone password, and cuts off his fingertip to access it using his thumbprint. Another riot breaks out, but this time it is because the inmates are out of coffee.
608"Tied to the Tracks"Michael TrimCarolina PaizDayaJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
Red and Blanca send text messages from Humphrey's phone to Piscatella claiming the inmates are not armed anymore and encouraging him to break into the prison via a window at night. He takes the information to the CERT, who blow him off. Aleida does a live TV interview with Meredith Vieira and Judy King, who breaks the news about Humphrey being shot. She does not remember the shooter's name but describes Daya, leaving Aleida in shock. The news reaches Piscatella, who is mocked by the CERT members. Figueroa returns to the prison, this time as a negotiator for MCC. She claims they cannot afford to meet the inmates' demands, but Taystee—who has done her research via the Internet and Caputo's files—shuts her down. However, once Figueroa receives a phone call about Humphrey, she says amnesty for all the inmates is off the table. After a discussion with Piper and others, Taystee agrees to hand over Daya, who first calls Mendez's mother to ask her to adopt her daughter out of foster care and asks her to give the child some space due to Aleida's control she received when she was younger. Gloria learns that her son is in the ICU after being severely beaten. Piscatella, after texting "Humphrey" that he was going to stand down, enters the prison after dark instead.

Flashback: A 14-year-old Daya pursues a boy based on her mother's insistence, despite her best friend's feelings for him. Daya ends up rejected by the boy and dumped by her friend.
619"The Tightening"Erin FeeleyJordan HarrisonRedJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
Red, coming down from her drug high, is nursed by Nicky, who thinks her warnings about Piscatella being in the prison are hallucinations. Piscatella, in full riot gear, attacks Blanca in a utility room, where she had gone to set a boobytrap in case he showed up anyway. Inmates begin disappearing one by one, including Nicky and Boo, but nobody believes Red. Gloria begs Caputo—locked in a Porta-Potty—to let her out on furlough to see her son, but Caputo says he cannot help her until she lets the hostages go. After Boo disappears, Linda desperately seeks out Caputo, who was let out to back up the inmates' claim of slave labor to Figueroa. Zirconia, who had turned Linda's high heels into shivs after Piper and Alex first found her, recognizes her as a hostage, but Linda runs away with one of the shoe shivs. Morello, hurt by Nicky's comments that her pregnancy is all in her head, convinces Suzanne to stop taking her psych medicine. Red finds Frieda's map to the "bunker" in her cooking book and discovers Piscatella prisoners on her way there by accident. However, while trying to free them, Piscatella arrives.

Flashback: In the late 1970s, Red is a young woman in the Soviet Union working a menial factory job. Her rebellious friend Nadezhda introduces her to the world of underground discos and black-market Levi's jeans, but Nadezhda soon vanishes. Red's ex-boyfriend, Dmitri—whom she had dumped for being too dull—proposes they lie about being Jewish in order to escape to the United States, as Jews were being allowed to immigrate to countries other than Israel.
6210"The Reverse Midas Touch"Laura PreponRebecca Angelo & Lauren Schuker BlumPiscatellaJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
Piscatella has Red, Piper, Alex and other inmates tied up in a room, where he uses a knife to cut off Red's hair. Piper gets the duct tape off her mouth and yells for help, which is heard by Gina, who is holed up playing cards in Frieda's basement "bunker" with Yoga Jones, Anita and other inmates. The entrance to the room they are in leads to where Piscatella is. Gloria tries to free the prison guards but is interrupted. Maureen, who has still not recovered from the beating, is found delirious in the bathroom by Suzanne, who takes her to the infirmary. Suzanne, by now in a psychotic state, finds Humphrey dead. Gina lures Piscatella into the basement, where Frieda knocks him out with a homemade poison dart.

Flashback: At his earlier job as CO in a male prison, Piscatella, then soft at heart, and inmate Driscoll are having an affair. Driscoll is supportive and loving of Piscatella, whose mother had hoped to "fix" him. Another inmate, Resado, spies on them together in the kitchen, and later, he and other inmates beat and rape Driscoll in a bathroom. Piscatella handcuffs Resado to the shower and leaves him under scalding hot water to die.
6311"Breaking the Fiberboard Ceiling"Wendey StanzlerLauren MorellinoneJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
The inmates drag the unconscious Piscatella into Frieda's "bunker", where they argue about what should be done. Once Red says she wants revenge, they end up tying her up too, which makes her despair that Piscatella will never see justice. Gina reveals she recorded a video of Piscatella brutally breaking Alex's arm, and they post it on the Internet. Gloria, desperate to see her son in the hospital, tries sneaking each of the hostage guards outside one at a time while the other inmates, including Ouija, get high on drugs. Claiming she is going to teach them a lesson, she drags them out and locks them in the Porta-Pottys. Taystee, after 12 hours of trying to get Figueroa to see the benefits of improving prison conditions, discovers she truly has a knack for advocacy. Boo continues her romance with Linda, but is crushed when she sees a photo of her with Caputo on her phone and discovers her whole story is a lie. Suzanne goes into a psychotic break, but Morello, in the dispensary, refuses to say what medicine Suzanne takes; she is overpowered by Cindy, who takes a bottle of lithium that she believes to help calm people down. Morello finds a pregnancy test and takes it, confirming her suspicion that she is pregnant. As her unconscious son is taken to have a brain surgery, Gloria confesses her plan to Maria, who gives her full support; Maria says she always thinks of her little girl and understands that parents would do anything for their children. Gloria sneaks Luschek, the final guard, outside, but discovers that her plan of delivering the guards to Caputo has been dashed when she sees that there is a hole in the fence and the guards have escaped. Gloria breaks down and tries to escape through the hole, crying about her son, which makes the other inmates realize what she had been planning.
6412"Tattoo You"Mark A. BurleyTara Herrmann & Carolina PaizPiper & AlexJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
The guards—except Luschek—are led to the MCC management, but are led by Maria, who wants to get out to see her little girl. Maria explains the "deal" to shorten her sentence if she lets the guards go, but is told by a state employee that that is not possible. The MCC learns that it was not Taystee who sent out the guards as part of an acceptance of the negotiation, and decide to send the CERT in to end the riot. Morello shows half a dozen positive pregnancy tests to a stunned Nicky, who calls her husband and convinces him to take responsibility. Linda makes excuses to Big Boo, telling her that she now understands the inmates are not living in a decent environment, but Big Boo is unmoved and demands Linda send her US$5,000 via PayPal to keep the secret of her affair with Caputo. A distraught Bayley travels by bus to meet Poussey's father and confess that her death was his fault. Her father angrily tells him that he is not going to give Bayley the peace he seeks by forgiving him, nor punish him by beating him, and that his punishment will be having to live the rest of his life with what he has done—which is a better fate, he says, than the fate Poussey got. Pennsatucky escapes from the prison via the hole in the fence and breaks into Charlie's cabin. In Frieda's "bunker", Piper proposes to Alex, who says yes. Taystee discovers the guards escaped and tries to go to the prison doors to talk to the CERT officers, but it is too late as they immediately swarm Litchfield.

Flashback: Piper and her then-boyfriend, Larry Bloom, get tattoos. She later drunk dials Alex, saying that she is still on her mind and misses her.
6513"Storm-y Weather"Jesse PeretzLauren MorellinoneJune 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
Dozens of CERT members in riot gear break down the prison doors, with smoke bombs, stun guns and batons in hand, causing pandemonium as they handcuff all the inmates. The CERT members discover the dead Humphrey, and escalate their tactics to "by any means necessary." Black Cindy and Taystee panic as Suzanne is unconscious from the lithium. They eventually get help from Nicky, who takes them down to Frieda's hiding place, where they inject her with the only thing they can find, an epi-pen, which finally revives Suzanne. Angie and Leanne burn all the prison records to erase their history of infractions. Deciding not to go down without a fight, Ouija, Pidge and the white supremacists barricade themselves inside a dorm and manage to injure some of the CERT members with booby traps before being restrained. The inmates are led outside in handcuffs in front of a crowd of families and the press. Maritza and Flaca are thrilled to see rabid fans of their beauty tutorials on the Internet cheering for them. Linda tries to tell an officer she is from MCC, but she is ignored after Big Boo and other inmates mock her by also claiming the same thing. The count of the inmates leaves them 10 short, and Caputo tells them about the old pool that Figueroa never got filled. The CERT chief assumes the fact that the remaining inmates are hiding "strategically" means they are planning an offensive against the officers, and says that the governor has already approved any casualties necessary. Pennsatucky and Charlie watch TV together inside his cabin. Nicky brings Taystee, Black Cindy and Suzanne to Frieda's "bunker", where Taystee is shocked to see Piscatella tied up. She takes Frieda's gun and points it at him, telling him he is to blame for Poussey's death. Instead of killing him, she breaks down crying. Red, surprisingly, releases Piscatella and tells him to leave without touching anyone. Piscatella slowly walks out into one of the prison halls, only to be shot and killed by an inexperienced CERT officer, who did not recognize him through the smokebombs. As night falls, the inmates outside are loaded onto buses and figure they are headed to new prisons; Flaca and Maritza are separated. In the "bunker", the remaining inmates—Alex, Piper, Taystee, Nicky, Red, Black Cindy, Frieda, Suzanne, Blanca, and Gloria—link arms as the CERT blows the doors off.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Taylor Schilling as Piper Chapman, inmate
Natasha Lyonne as Nicky Nichols, inmate
Uzo Aduba as Suzanne "Crazy Eyes" Warren, inmate
Danielle Brooks as Tasha "Taystee" Jefferson, inmate
Jackie Cruz as Marisol "Flaca" Gonzales, inmate
Lea DeLaria as Carrie "Big Boo" Black, inmate
Michael Harney as Sam Healy, correctional officer[a]
Selenis Leyva as Gloria Mendoza, inmate
Taryn Manning as Tiffany "Pennsatucky" Doggett, inmate
Adrienne C. Moore as Cindy "Black Cindy" Hayes, inmate
Jessica Pimentel as Maria Ruiz, inmate
Dascha Polanco as Dayanara "Daya" Diaz, inmate
Elizabeth Rodriguez as Aleida Diaz, former inmate
Nick Sandow as Joe Caputo, warden
Yael Stone as Lorna Morello, inmate
Kate Mulgrew as Galina "Red" Reznikov, inmate
Laura Prepon as Alex Vause, inmate

text: Jump up ^ Michael J. Harney was credited as main cast for season 5 but did not make a single appearance.

tag: ol

text: Special guest stars[edit]

text:
Jason Biggs as Larry Bloom
Samira Wiley as Poussey Washington

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text: Inmates[edit]

text:
Laverne Cox as Sophia Burset
Annie Golden as Norma Romano
Laura Gómez as Blanca Flores
Diane Guerrero as Maritza Ramos
Vicky Jeudy as Janae Watson
Julie Lake as Angie Rice
Emma Myles as Leanne Taylor
Abigail Savage as Gina Murphy
Constance Shulman as Erica "Yoga" Jones
Lori Tan Chinn as Mei Chang
Tamara Torres as Gerrman "Weeping Woman"
Lin Tucci as Anita DeMarco
Kimiko Glenn as Brook Soso
Dale Soules as Frieda Berlin
Emily Althaus as Maureen Kukudio
Blair Brown as Judy King
Rosal Colon as Carmen "Ouija" Aziza
Francesca Curran as Helen "Skinhead Helen" Van Maele
Daniella De Jesus as Irene "Zirconia" Cabrera
Asia Kate Dillon as Brandy Epps
Shannon Esper as Alana Dwight
Arianda Fernandez as Michelle Carreras
Kelly Karbacz as Kasey Sankey
Miriam Morales as Ramona "Pidge" Contreras
Jolene Purdy as Stephanie Hapakuka
Amanda Stephen as Alison Abdullah

text: Staff

text:
Catherine Curtin as Wanda Bell
Joel Marsh Garland as Scott O'Neill
Matt Peters as Joel Luschek
Alysia Reiner as Natalie "Fig" Figueroa
Alan Aisenberg as Baxter "Gerber" Bayley
Beth Dover as Linda Ferguson / "Amelia Von Barlow"
Jimmy Gary Jr. as Felix Rikerson
James McMenamin as Charlie "Donuts" Coates
Nick Dillenburg as Ryder Blake
Evan Arthur Hall as Stratman
Mike Houston as Lee Dixon
Brad William Henke as Desi Piscatella
John Palladino as Josh
Emily Tarver as Artesian McCullough
Michael Torpey as Thomas "Humps" Humphrey

text: Others

text:
Berto Colon as Cesar
Deborah Rush as Carol Chapman
Ian Paola as Yadriel
John Magaro as Vince Muccio
Mary Steenburgen as Delia Powell-Mendez (guest)

text: Production[edit]

text: In February 2016, the series was renewed for a fifth, sixth, and seventh season.[1] The fifth season was released on June 9, 2017.[2]

text: Cyberhack[edit]

text: In April 2017, it was reported that a cybercriminal had stolen the first ten episodes of the fifth season in a security breach of a post-production company. Netflix failed to respond to ransom demands, and the cybercriminal leaked the episodes online. Netflix confirmed the security breach and an ongoing investigation by federal law enforcement.[3][4] Multichannel News reported that demand for the series significantly increased over the seven-day period following the leak of the episodes. It was also said that the leak would likely cause a decrease in demand for the fifth season when Netflix releases it in June.[5]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The fifth season has received "generally favorable reviews".[6] On Metacritic, it has a score of 67 out of 100 based on 20 reviews.[6] On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 76% rating with an average score of 7.47 out of 10 based on 33 reviews.[7]


document_title: Emma Swan

question_text: who does emma end up with in once upon a time

text: Emma Swan

text: Character development and casting

text: In early stages of the conception of the character, Emma's name was Anna,[7] and she was supposed to have three children, but she ended up having just Henry.[8] In the original script of the Pilot, she is described as "Late 20s. Beautiful, with great strength behind classic features. But also not quite at home in her skin."[9]

text: It was reported that actress Katee Sackhoff auditioned five times for the role of Emma, but according to her, the producers really wanted Morrison to play the part, and she accepted a role in the television series Longmire.[10] In the end, Morrison was hired for the part of Emma.[11] Morrison explained her character as someone who "help[s] her son Henry whom she abandoned when he was a baby and who seems like he's a little bit emotionally dysfunctional", but noted that Emma does not start out believing in the fairytale universe.[12] Morrison has described Emma as being like an overgrown teenager who does not know how to properly do certain things, like eating or taking care of herself; this is due to Emma not growing up in a family unit. Morrison said that when she does not know what to do with Emma, she thinks, "What a 14-year-old boy would do?"[13] Morrison has also stated that Emma is loosely based on "The Ugly Duckling", and that Emma's last name Swan is derived from this fairy tale.[14] According to the creators of the series, the name Swan is "very symbolic and fairy tale name and it just felt right for her and for the journey we are creating for Emma."[15]

text: After Emma became the "Dark One" in the fourth season of the series, Morrison began doing research with mythology books and old fairy tale books, and looking back through the history of swans and the etymology of 'Swan' to prepare for this new trait of her character. For Morrison, it is a great opportunity to now play a villain and it is challenging for her to portray a character that is constantly evolving.[16]

text: Character Background

text: Emma is the daughter of Snow White and Prince Charming, older sister to Prince Neal and mother to Henry Daniel Mills.

text: Season 1 & 2

text: When Snow White becomes pregnant, Geppetto forms a magical wardrobe for her and Charming, after Rumplestiltskin informs them that their daughter is the key to breaking the Evil Queen's curse in 28 years. Emma is born shortly after and placed in the wardrobe along with Pinocchio, successfully travelling to the new land.[17]

text: In the real world, Emma grows up in foster care, bouncing from various families, one including Ingrid, the Snow Queen. As a teenager, Emma becomes a petty criminal with Neal Cassidy. They plan to start a new life in Tallahassee, Florida, until Neal is persuaded by August Booth (Pinocchio) to turn Emma over to the police, to protect her destiny. Emma is jailed, later giving birth to Henry,[18] whom she gives up for adoption to give him a better life; he is then adopted by Regina Mills (the Evil Queen).[19] After some time in prison, Emma becomes a bail bond agent. On her 28th birthday, a ten-year-old Henry Mills arrives in Boston, explaining Emma's origins. Disbelieving him, she returns him home to Regina in Storybrooke, who becomes worried that Emma wants to be in Henry's life. Regina's repeated warnings to leave town and keep out of Henry's life make Emma decide to stay.[17] In Storybrooke, Emma initially wants Henry to let go of his theories of the curse, but later plays along.[20] She moves in with Mary Margaret (Snow White), unaware that they are related, and Sheriff Graham appoints Emma his deputy as the two form an attraction,[21] until Regina crushes his heart, causing him to die in Emma's arms.[22] Emma is soon elected sheriff, assisting in the arrest of Mary Margaret for the alleged murder of Kathryn Nolan until she is found alive.[23] When August Booth (Pinocchio) arrives in Storybrooke revealing her destiny of breaking the curse, a pressured Emma decides to leave the town, not wanting Henry to suffer from her and Regina's feud. Regina, however, attempts to poison Emma, though Henry willingly consumes it to prove that magic exists.[24] Emma finally believes, but Henry is pronounced dead. However, he is awoken with true love's kiss from Emma, thus breaking the curse and allowing all residents to remember their true identities.[25]

text: Emma reunites with her parents, only to fall through a portal with her mother to the Enchanted Forest.[26] They meet Princess Aurora and Mulan who help them return to Storybrooke.[27][28] Emma then helps Mr. Gold travel to Manhattan to locate his son Baelfire, who she discovers is Henry's father Neal.[18] Returning to Storybrooke, Emma deals with Regina and her mother Cora who are trying to use Mr. Gold to kill them and take back Henry but they eventually stop them then end up dealing with newcomers Greg Mendell and Neal's fiancé Tamara.[29] Emma's skeptical theories on the pair are proven correct when it is revealed they want to destroy magic.[30] After Emma and Regina stop their trigger to destroy Storybrooke, Henry is taken to Neverland by Greg and Tamara; Emma, her parents, Regina, Hook and Mr. Gold follow them.[31]

text: Season 3 & 4

text: The team eventually manages to rescue Henry from the sinister Peter Pan,[32][33] and return to Storybrooke.[34] However, Pan enacts the original curse once more, forcing Emma and Henry to leave Storybrooke after Regina reverses her curse, erasing the events following its enactment. Emma's past is temporarily altered by Regina. After leaving Storybrooke, Emma lives with Henry in New York City. Sometime later, she meets Walsh and they begin dating.[35]

text: One year after the curse's reversal, Hook restores Emma's memories with a potion and the two return to Storybrooke with Henry to save her family by breaking the new curse caused by Zelena, the Wicked Witch of the West.[36] She finds an insane Neal trapped within Mr. Gold's body. Losing his mind, Neal asks for Emma to free his father by killing him to defeat Zelena; she reluctantly agrees.[37] Regina later helps Emma to strengthen her magical powers, though they are removed when Zelena curses Hook but thanks to Regina they managed to defeat Zelena and close her time portal.[38]

text: After Emma and Hook are dragged into Zelena's time portal, she accepts Storybrooke as her home, regaining her magic to re-open the portal to the present where she begins a relationship with Hook. However, unaware to her, she also brings a previously deceased Maid Marian to the future which ruins Regina's happiness, having not heeded the warning of messing with the past. Elsa, who was trapped in an urn, was also brought to Storybrooke by the time portal. While working with Elsa, who helps Emma to finally embrace and control her powers, Emma helps her new friend find her sister and return home while balancing the threat of the Snow Queen against her friends and family. After a period of peace, Emma begins to help Regina on her quest to find the Author of Henry's book. Cruella De Vil and Ursula soon come into town resurrecting Maleficent and working with Rumplestiltskin to find the Author of the magical tome Once Upon a Time. After Cruella De Vil threatens to kill Henry, Emma kills her, soon after learning of her parents' actions of removing Emma's potential for darkness by putting black magic within Maleficent's daughter and Emma's childhood friend Lily.[39] After Emma returns to town, with the encouragement from Hook, she chooses to forgive her parents and let go of her anger. In moments before the finale, Emma is able to finally let her walls down and tells Hook she loves him. Emma then chooses to sacrifice herself for the town of Storybrooke, asking her parents and Hook to save her, she voluntarily plunges the dagger into the Darkness, transforming into the new Dark One.

text: Season 5

text: Emma searches for Merlin and is helped by a manifestation of Rumplestiltskin, who wants to teach her to be the Dark One, while Emma attempts to resist becoming evil at the same time. Sometime later, she transformed Hook into a second Dark One to save his life. Hook then cast the Dark Curse to get back to Storybrooke to have his revenge on Mr. Gold. Emma then altered the curse, adding a dream-catcher in it to wipe out everyone's memories of their time in Camelot.

text: Six weeks later, the rest of her friends returned to Storybrooke, but with a horrifying and shocking twist, their memories were wiped out once again and wearing Arthurian attires. As it turned out Emma made an appearance as the Dark One, with her new attire. Henry asks what happened to her, and she told them that they all went to Camelot to remove the darkness from her and they all failed (except Henry). Emma with her powers turned Sneezy into stone, proclaiming that there's no savior in the town. Emma surprisingly gave the Dark One dagger to Regina with the intention that if she goes too dark Regina would be the only one that would willingly "put her down." Shortly after this, Hook attempts true love's kiss with Emma in the hopes that the Dark One's curse would break, but ultimately failed, as Emma has fully embraced the darkness. Unbeknownst to the others, Emma currently has possession of the Excalibur in a locked room inside of her new house. She intends to make Excalibur and the Dark One's dagger whole again, as with it she will be able to snuff out the light forever and become invulnerable. However, she must recruit a hero to do so, as she cannot remove the sword; the hero she chooses is her predecessor Rumplestiltskin, who she tells finally has a chance to become a hero. She planned to siphon the darkness out of both of them and put it Zelena, who she forced into an accelerated labor to avoid killing Robin's child, and slay her. She regains her memories of what Hook plans, by resurrecting all the Dark Ones as part of his revenge. At first, Emma plans to absorb all the darkness inside her and kill herself. Things do not go according to plan when Hook steals it from her. Killian orders her to kill him, taking in all the darkness and Emma slays him with Excalibur while the darkness is removed from her, reverting to her old self. After blackmailing Mr. Gold for tricking her and Hook into making him the Dark One again, she and her friends and family descend into the Underworld to find Hook and plans to split her heart in half and share it with him like her parents.

text: Arriving in the Underworld, Emma is contacted by Neal Cassidy, who warns to turn back, advice Emma chooses to ignore. She and the others later discover that the Underworld is for those with unfinished business, and they decide to help others move on, while they search for Hook. With the help of Hook's ex-girlfriend Milah, Emma manages to retrieve Hook from Hades's captivity. However, she is unable to split her heart, as Hades has decided that she, Regina, and Snow are to remain behind for freeing the souls of Prince Henry, Hercules, and Megara. It is discovered that the only way they would have a chance to return to the "Overworld" with Hook is by overthrowing Hades. In order to defeat Hades, Emma and Hook receive help from Hook's brother Liam; however, it is soon discovered that Liam betrayed them after being blackmailed by Hades. Fortunately, Henry agrees to help undo Liam's work by using his powers as the Author. Later, when Emma and Hook try to perform the heartsplit, they are informed by Hades that Hook's body has been dead for too long and is decaying, making him unable to come back to life. When Emma and Hook go into the depths of the Underworld to find ambrosia, something that would save Hook, they are faced with a True Love test, which they pass when Emma chooses Hook over her own heart, only to realize that Hades had tricked them and destroyed the ambrosia, and Hook tells Emma to leave him in the Underworld, as time is running out for her to go through the open portal. Emma objects, saying that she came to the Underworld to save Hook, and she wasn't leaving without him. Hook eventually gets her to say her goodbyes and she does, only to find out that Hades had trapped her and her family in the library using magic. Emma and Regina work together to use their own magic to counteract it. They all go through the portal, and while Emma has second thoughts about leaving Hook, she is persuaded to go by her father. When they get back to Storybrooke, Zelena is informed by Regina and Robin that Hades tried to trap them in the Underworld, but she brushes off the information and is upset with her sister. She talks to Hades about having the life she wants, which is just a simple picket fence life. However, Hades wants a whole kingdom. Robin and Regina break into the mayor's house, where Zelena and Hades are, trying to get Robin's daughter back from Zelena. Emma, distraught and unable to grieve Hook's death, tries to break down the protection spell surrounding the house, but Zelena uses her magic to stop her. Hades is about to use the Olympian Crystal to "end" Regina, but Robin steps in front of her, taking the blow, which kills him. Hades tries to pressure Zelena into killing Regina, but she stabs Hades instead.

text: Before Robin's funeral, Emma stands at Hook's grave and cries, trying to cope with the fact that he is truly gone now. Suddenly, a wave of magic flies through the air, causing her to stumble. She hears her name called from behind her and turns around and is shocked to see Hook. She happily embraces Hook, who tells her Zeus sent him back as a reward for stopping Hades. After informing him that Robin is gone, Emma decides to break the news about Hook's return to Regina as delicately as possible. However, when an earthquake occurs, Hook rushes to see if Emma is okay. It turns out the earthquake was caused by Mr. Gold tethering magic to the Olympian Crystal fragment. Emma works with Regina to find it, only to later have Gold explain that Henry used his Author power to steal the crystal to destroy magic (again). Both follow Henry to New York, where it turns out Gold got the crystal back. At the same time, Hook, David, Snow and Zelena are accidentally sucked into another realm, which they could become trapped in without any magic in the Real World. Henry succeeds in destroying magic, only to be later convinced by the Dragon to get enough belief to recharge the crystal. It works and everyone is brought home. Once back in Storybrooke, Emma shares a passionate kiss with Hook.

text: Season 6

text: In the past, Aladdin, a "Savior", is taunted by Jafar over the inevitable downfall of all Saviors. In Storybrooke, refugees arrive from the Land of Untold Stories. Emma experiences tremors and visions; an arrested Hyde helps her receive an oracle's vision of a hooded figure killing her. Guided by Morpheus, Gold enters Belle's dreams to lift the sleeping curse; he tries to renew their love, but she rejects him. "Morpheus" reveals he is really their unborn son, and desired this outcome. Belle wakes and leaves Gold. Henry convinces Regina that Hades may have lied about Robin Hood's soul having been destroyed. Zelena moves in with Regina but, after learning her sister blames her for Robin Hood's death, moves out and is approached by the Evil Queen.

text: Emma discovers the sword can kill the Evil Queen without hurting Regina. The Queen steals the lamp and wishes Emma to an alternate reality where she was never the Savior; Regina follows her. In the "wish realm", Emma lives as a princess until Regina traumatically restores her memory. Regina frees Rumplestiltskin in exchange for a magic bean, but the portal to Storybrooke closes while Regina is distracted by the appearance of Robin Hood.

text: In 1990 Minnesota, a young Emma is told by a teenager that she has the power to change her fate. In present day, after they miss their way out of the Wish realm, Emma and Regina find another option for escape when they come across August, who agrees to help create a new portal. Emma discovers that August was the teenager she met back in Minnesota and inspires him to complete the portal. Emma, Regina, and Robin return to Storybrooke, where Gideon explains to Gold and Belle his intention to kill Emma so that he can acquire her savior powers and kill the Black Fairy, a move that has David furious and Belle concerned. Emma and Gideon finally meet for the battle, but Emma survives, choosing her own fate. Gideon retreats, proclaiming this far from over. Gold and Belle decide to work together for the good of the son. In past, Snow makes a wish that grants the entire Enchanted Forest to use the gift of Song to defeat Regina, which also spreads to Oz as well. When Regina also becomes affected by the wish she finds a way to end it before the first curse takes place, but the Blue Fairy, who granted Snow the wish, tells Snow and David that the wish will be part of Emma's destiny. In Emma's past, her chance to make use of her talent is held back by being told she'll be alone. This would come back to taunt Emma in the present day, as Fiona returns to use that weakness to take Emma's heart before she unleashes a new curse on her wedding, with unlikely help from Gold by freezing her family. When Henry discovers the page in the book that reveals Emma's heart will make her stronger, not only does it embolden Emma, it stopped Fiona from crushing it, but Fiona still tells her the battle is still on. On wedding day, Emma and Hook finally marry just in time for the dark clouds to release a new curse that will set up the final battle.

text: Reception

text:
"[Emma]'s pursuit of a 'happy ending' is not about finding a man or going to a ball all gussied up, but about detective work, about building a relationship with her son Henry, and about seeking the 'truth' as to why time stands still in the corrupt Storybrooke world."

—Natalie Wilson from Ms. reviewing Emma Swan.[40]

text: Jennifer Morrison has received praise for her portrayal of Emma. In a review from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, TV critic Gail Pennington had high marks for Morrison.[41] Mary McNamara of the Los Angeles Times gave excellent reviews for Morrison's character: "Her Emma is predictably cynical and prickly – fairy-tale princess, my Aunt Fanny – but she's sharp and lively enough to keep audiences begging for 'just a few more pages' before they go to bed."[42] For TVLive, "Morrison does a nice job of mirroring the viewer's disbelief of this fantastical dilemma – and Emma looks like she could become a worthy adversary for Regina."[43] For Daniel Fienberg, "Jennifer Morrison is very good in the lead".[44] On less favorable reviews, Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe was not enthusiastic of Morrison's portrayal and called her a "wooden lead".[45]

text: Several feminist outlets were pleased with the show for its feminist twist on fairy tales and with Emma being a strong female protagonist. Genie Leslie at Feministing commented that Emma was a "badass", that she liked how Emma was "very adamant that women be able to make their own decisions about their lives and their children", and how Emma was a "well-rounded" character who was "feminine, but not 'girly'".[46] Natalie Wilson from Ms. praised the show for a strong, "kick-butt" female lead, and for dealing with the idea of what makes a mother in a more nuanced fashion.[40]