document_title: The Star-Spangled Banner

question_text: who was the president when the national anthem was written

text: The Star-Spangled Banner

text: Early history[edit]

text: Francis Scott Key's lyrics[edit]

text: On September 3, 1814, following the Burning of Washington and the Raid on Alexandria, Francis Scott Key and John Stuart Skinner set sail from Baltimore aboard the ship HMS Minden, flying a flag of truce on a mission approved by President James Madison. Their objective was to secure an exchange of prisoners, one of whom was Dr. William Beanes, the elderly and popular town physician of Upper Marlboro and a friend of Key's who had been captured in his home. Beanes was accused of aiding the arrest of British soldiers. Key and Skinner boarded the British flagship HMS Tonnant on September 7 and spoke with Major General Robert Ross and Vice Admiral Alexander Cochrane over dinner while the two officers discussed war plans. At first, Ross and Cochrane refused to release Beanes but relented after Key and Skinner showed them letters written by wounded British prisoners praising Beanes and other Americans for their kind treatment.

text: Because Key and Skinner had heard details of the plans for the attack on Baltimore, they were held captive until after the battle, first aboard HMS Surprise and later back on HMS Minden. After the bombardment, certain British gunboats attempted to slip past the fort and effect a landing in a cove to the west of it, but they were turned away by fire from nearby Fort Covington, the city's last line of defense.

text: During the rainy night, Key had witnessed the bombardment and observed that the fort's smaller "storm flag" continued to fly, but once the shell and Congreve rocket[5] barrage had stopped, he would not know how the battle had turned out until dawn. On the morning of September 14, the storm flag had been lowered and the larger flag had been raised.

text: During the bombardment, HMS Terror and HMS Meteor provided some of the "bombs bursting in air".

text: Key was inspired by the American victory and the sight of the large American flag flying triumphantly above the fort. This flag, with fifteen stars and fifteen stripes, had been made by Mary Young Pickersgill together with other workers in her home on Baltimore's Pratt Street. The flag later came to be known as the Star-Spangled Banner and is today on display in the National Museum of American History, a treasure of the Smithsonian Institution. It was restored in 1914 by Amelia Fowler, and again in 1998 as part of an ongoing conservation program.

text: Aboard the ship the next day, Key wrote a poem on the back of a letter he had kept in his pocket. At twilight on September 16, he and Skinner were released in Baltimore. He completed the poem at the Indian Queen Hotel, where he was staying, and titled it "Defence of Fort M'Henry".

text: Much of the idea of the poem, including the flag imagery and some of the wording, is derived from an earlier song by Key, also set to the tune of "The Anacreontic Song". The song, known as "When the Warrior Returns",[6] was written in honor of Stephen Decatur and Charles Stewart on their return from the First Barbary War.  Absent elaboration by Francis Scott Key prior to his death in 1843, some have speculated in modern times about the meaning of phrases or verses. According to British historian Robin Blackburn, the words "the hireling and slave" allude to the thousands of ex-slaves in the British ranks organised as the Corps of Colonial Marines, who had been liberated by the British and demanded to be placed in the battle line "where they might expect to meet their former masters."[7] Nevertheless, Professor Mark Clague, a professor of musicology at the University of Michigan, argues that the "middle two verses of Key's lyric vilify the British enemy in the War of 1812" and "in no way glorifies or celebrates slavery."[8] Clague writes that "For Key ... the British mercenaries were scoundrels and the Colonial Marines were traitors who threatened to spark a national insurrection."[8] This harshly anti-British nature of Verse 3 led to its omission in sheet music in World War I, when Britain and the U.S. were allies.[8] Responding to the assertion of writer Jon Schwarz of The Intercept that the song is a "celebration of slavery,"[9] Clague said that: "The reference to slaves is about the use and in some sense the manipulation, of black Americans to fight for the British, with the promise of freedom. The American forces included African-Americans as well as whites. The term 'freemen,' whose heroism is celebrated in the fourth stanza, would have encompassed both."[10]

text: Others suggest that "Key may have intended the phrase as a reference to the British Navy's practice of impressment (kidnapping sailors and forcing them to fight in defense of the crown), or as a semi-metaphorical slap at the British invading force as a whole (which included a large number of mercenaries)."[11]

text: John Stafford Smith's music[edit]

text: Key gave the poem to his brother-in-law Judge Joseph H. Nicholson who saw that the words fit the popular melody "The Anacreontic Song", by English composer John Stafford Smith. This was the official song of the Anacreontic Society, an 18th-century gentlemen's club of amateur musicians in London. Nicholson took the poem to a printer in Baltimore, who anonymously made the first known broadside printing on September 17; of these, two known copies survive.

text: On September 20, both the Baltimore Patriot and The American printed the song, with the note "Tune: Anacreon in Heaven". The song quickly became popular, with seventeen newspapers from Georgia to New Hampshire printing it. Soon after, Thomas Carr of the Carr Music Store in Baltimore published the words and music together under the title "The Star Spangled Banner", although it was originally called "Defence of Fort M'Henry". Thomas Carr's arrangement introduced the raised fourth which became the standard deviation from "The Anacreontic Song".[12] The song's popularity increased and its first public performance took place in October when Baltimore actor Ferdinand Durang sang it at Captain McCauley's tavern. Washington Irving, then editor of the Analectic Magazine in Philadelphia, reprinted the song in November 1814.

text: By the early 20th century, there were various versions of the song in popular use. Seeking a singular, standard version, President Woodrow Wilson tasked the U.S. Bureau of Education with providing that official version. In response, the Bureau enlisted the help of five musicians to agree upon an arrangement. Those musicians were Walter Damrosch, Will Earhart, Arnold J. Gantvoort, Oscar Sonneck and John Philip Sousa. The standardized version that was voted upon by these five musicians premiered at Carnegie Hall on December 5, 1917, in a program that included Edward Elgar's Carillon and Gabriel Pierné's The Children's Crusade. The concert was put on by the Oratorio Society of New York and conducted by Walter Damrosch.[13] An official handwritten version of the final votes of these five men has been found and shows all five men's votes tallied, measure by measure.[14]

text: National anthem[edit]

text: The song gained popularity throughout the 19th century and bands played it during public events, such as July 4th celebrations.

text: A plaque displayed at Fort Meade, South Dakota, claims that the idea of making "The Star Spangled Banner" the national anthem began on their parade ground in 1892. Colonel Caleb Carlton, Post Commander, established the tradition that the song be played "at retreat and at the close of parades and concerts." Carlton explained the custom to Governor Sheldon of South Dakota who "promised me that he would try to have the custom established among the state militia." Carlton wrote that after a similar discussion, Secretary of War, Daniel E. Lamont issued an order that it "be played at every Army post every evening at retreat."[15]

text: In 1899, the US Navy officially adopted "The Star-Spangled Banner".[16] In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson ordered that "The Star-Spangled Banner" be played at military[16] and other appropriate occasions. The playing of the song two years later during the seventh-inning stretch of Game One of the 1918 World Series, and thereafter during each game of the series is often cited as the first instance that the anthem was played at a baseball game,[17] though evidence shows that the "Star-Spangled Banner" was performed as early as 1897 at opening day ceremonies in Philadelphia and then more regularly at the Polo Grounds in New York City beginning in 1898. In any case, the tradition of performing the national anthem before every baseball game began in World War II.[18]

text: On April 10, 1918, John Charles Linthicum, U.S. Congressman from Maryland, introduced a bill to officially recognize "The Star-Spangled Banner" as the national anthem.[19] The bill did not pass.[19] On April 15, 1929, Linthicum introduced the bill again, his sixth time doing so.[19] On November 3, 1929, Robert Ripley drew a panel in his syndicated cartoon, Ripley's Believe it or Not!, saying "Believe It or Not, America has no national anthem".[20]

text: In 1930, Veterans of Foreign Wars started a petition for the United States to officially recognize "The Star-Spangled Banner" as the national anthem.[21] Five million people signed the petition.[21] The petition was presented to the United States House Committee on the Judiciary on January 31, 1930.[22] On the same day, Elsie Jorss-Reilley and Grace Evelyn Boudlin sang the song to the Committee to refute the perception that it was too high pitched for a typical person to sing.[23] The Committee voted in favor of sending the bill to the House floor for a vote.[24] The House of Representatives passed the bill later that year.[25] The Senate passed the bill on March 3, 1931.[25] President Herbert Hoover signed the bill on March 4, 1931, officially adopting "The Star-Spangled Banner" as the national anthem of the United States of America.[1] As currently codified, the United States Code states that "[t]he composition consisting of the words and music known as the Star-Spangled Banner is the national anthem."[26]

text: Modern history[edit]

text: Performances[edit]

text: This section may contain indiscriminate, excessive, or irrelevant examples. Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions. (November 2012)

text: The song is notoriously difficult for nonprofessionals to sing because of its wide range – a 12th. Humorist Richard Armour referred to the song's difficulty in his book It All Started With Columbus.

text: In an attempt to take Baltimore, the British attacked Fort McHenry, which protected the harbor. Bombs were soon bursting in air, rockets were glaring, and all in all it was a moment of great historical interest. During the bombardment, a young lawyer named Francis Off Key [sic] wrote "The Star-Spangled Banner", and when, by the dawn's early light, the British heard it sung, they fled in terror.

text: Professional and amateur singers have been known to forget the words, which is one reason the song is sometimes pre-recorded and lip-synced.[citation needed] Other times the issue is avoided by having the performer(s) play the anthem instrumentally instead of singing it. The pre-recording of the anthem has become standard practice at some ballparks, such as Boston's Fenway Park, according to the SABR publication The Fenway Project.[27]

text: "The Star-Spangled Banner" is traditionally played at the beginning of public sports events and orchestral concerts in the United States, as well as other public gatherings. The National Hockey League and Major League Soccer both require venues in both the U.S. and Canada to perform both the Canadian and American national anthems at games that involve teams from both countries (with the "away" anthem being performed first) .[28][better source needed] It is also usual for both American and Canadian anthems (done in the same way as the NHL and MLS) to be played at Major League Baseball and National Basketball Association games involving the Toronto Blue Jays and the Toronto Raptors (respectively), the only Canadian teams in those two major U.S. sports leagues, and in All Star Games on the MLB, NBA, and NHL. The Buffalo Sabres of the NHL, which play in a city on the Canada–US border and have a substantial Canadian fan base, play both anthems before all home games regardless of where the visiting team is based.[29]

text: Two especially unusual performances of the song took place in the immediate aftermath of the United States September 11 attacks. On September 12, 2001, the Queen broke with tradition and allowed the Band of the Coldstream Guards to perform the anthem at Buckingham Palace, London, at the ceremonial Changing of the Guard, as a gesture of support for Britain's ally.[30] The following day at a St. Paul's Cathedral memorial service, the Queen joined in the singing of the anthem, an unprecedented occurrence.[31]

text: 200th anniversary celebrations[edit]

text: The 200th anniversary of the "Star-Spangled Banner" occurred in 2014 with various special events occurring throughout the United States. A particularly significant celebration occurred during the week of September 10–16 in and around Baltimore, Maryland. Highlights included playing of a new arrangement of the anthem arranged by John Williams and participation of President Obama on Defender's Day, September 12, 2014, at Fort McHenry.[32] In addition, the anthem bicentennial included a youth music celebration[33] including the presentation of the National Anthem Bicentennial Youth Challenge winning composition written by Noah Altshuler.

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: The first popular music performance of the anthem heard by the mainstream U.S. was by Puerto Rican singer and guitarist José Feliciano. He created a nationwide uproar when he strummed a slow, blues-style rendition of the song[34] at Tiger Stadium in Detroit before game five of the 1968 World Series, between Detroit and St. Louis.[35] This rendition started contemporary "Star-Spangled Banner" controversies. The response from many in the Vietnam War-era U.S. was generally negative. Despite the controversy, Feliciano's performance opened the door for the countless interpretations of the "Star-Spangled Banner" heard in the years since.[36] One week after Feliciano's performance, the anthem was in the news again when American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos lifted controversial raised fists at the 1968 Olympics while the "Star-Spangled Banner" played at a medal ceremony.

text: Marvin Gaye gave a soul-influenced performance at the 1983 NBA All-Star Game and Whitney Houston gave a soulful rendition before Super Bowl XXV in 1991, which was released as a single that charted at number 20 in 1991 and number 6 in 2001 (along with José Feliciano, the only times the anthem has been on the Billboard Hot 100). In 1993, Kiss did an instrumental rock version as the closing track on their album, Alive III. Another famous instrumental interpretation is Jimi Hendrix's version, which was a set-list staple from autumn 1968 until his death in September 1970, including a famous rendition at the Woodstock music festival in 1969. Incorporating sonic effects to emphasize the "rockets' red glare", and "bombs bursting in air", it became a late-1960s emblem. Roseanne Barr gave a controversial performance of the anthem at a San Diego Padres baseball game at Jack Murphy Stadium on July 25, 1990. The comedian belted out a screechy rendition of the song, and afterward, she attempted a gesture of ballplayers by spitting and grabbing her crotch as if adjusting a protective cup. The performance offended some, including the sitting U.S. President, George H. W. Bush.[37] Sufjan Stevens has frequently performed the "Star-Spangled Banner" in live sets, replacing the optimism in the end of the first verse with a new coda that alludes to the divisive state of the nation today. David Lee Roth both referenced parts of the anthem and played part of a hard rock rendition of the anthem on his song, "Yankee Rose" on his 1986 solo album, Eat 'Em and Smile. Steven Tyler also caused some controversy in 2001 (at the Indianapolis 500, to which he later issued a public apology) and again in 2012 (at the AFC Championship Game) with a cappella renditions of the song with changed lyrics.[38] A version of Aerosmith's Joe Perry and Brad Whitford playing part of the song can be heard at the end of their version of "Train Kept A-Rollin'" on the Rockin' the Joint album. The band Boston gave an instrumental rock rendition of the anthem on their Greatest Hits album. The band Crush 40 made a version of the song as opening track from the album Thrill of the Feel (2000).

text: In March 2005, a government-sponsored program, the National Anthem Project, was launched after a Harris Interactive poll showed many adults knew neither the lyrics nor the history of the anthem.[39]

text: Lyrics[edit]

text:
O say can you see, by the dawn's early light,
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming,
Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?
And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;
O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?

On the shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,
What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,
As it fitfully blows, half conceals, half discloses?
Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,
In full glory reflected now shines in the stream:
'Tis the star-spangled banner, O long may it wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.

And where is that band who so vauntingly swore
That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion,
A home and a country, should leave us no more?
Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution.
No refuge could save the hireling and slave
From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave:
And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave,
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave.

O thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand
Between their loved homes and the war's desolation.
Blest with vict'ry and peace, may the Heav'n rescued land
Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation!
Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
And this be our motto: 'In God is our trust.'
And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave![40]

text: Additional Civil War period lyrics[edit]

text: In indignation over the start of the American Civil War, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.[41] added a fifth stanza to the song in 1861, which appeared in songbooks of the era.[42]

text:
When our land is illumined with Liberty's smile,
If a foe from within strike a blow at her glory,
Down, down with the traitor that dares to defile
The flag of her stars and the page of her story!
By the millions unchained who our birthright have gained,
We will keep her bright blazon forever unstained!
And the Star-Spangled Banner in triumph shall wave
While the land of the free is the home of the brave.

text: Alternative lyrics[edit]

text: In a version hand-written by Francis Scott Key in 1840, the third line reads "Whose bright stars and broad stripes, through the clouds of the fight".[43]

text: References in film, television, literature[edit]

text: Several films have their titles taken from the song's lyrics. These include two films titled Dawn's Early Light (2000[44] and 2005);[45] two made-for-TV features titled By Dawn's Early Light (1990[46] and 2000);[47] two films titled So Proudly We Hail (1943[48] and 1990);[49] a feature (1977)[50] and a short (2005)[51] titled Twilight's Last Gleaming; and four films titled Home of the Brave (1949,[52] 1986,[53] 2004,[54] and 2006).[55] A 1936 short titled "The Song of a Nation" from Warner Brothers shows a version of the origin of the song.[56]

text: Customs and federal law[edit]

text: When the National Anthem was first recognized by law in 1931, there was no prescription as to behavior during its playing. On June 22, 1942, the law was revised indicating that those in uniform should salute during its playing, while others should simply stand at attention, men removing their hats. (The same code also required that women should place their hands over their hearts when the flag is displayed during the playing of the Anthem, but not if the flag was not present.) On December 23, 1942, the law was again revised instructing men and women to stand at attention and face in the direction of the music when it was played. That revision also directed men and women to place their hands over their hearts only if the flag was displayed. Those in uniform were required to salute. On July 7, 1976, the law was simplified. Men and women were instructed to stand with their hands over their hearts, men removing their hats, irrespective of whether or not the flag was displayed and those in uniform saluting. On August 12, 1998, the law was rewritten keeping the same instructions, but differentiating between "those in uniform" and "members of the Armed Forces and veterans" who were both instructed to salute during the playing whether or not the flag was displayed. Because of the changes in law over the years and confusion between instructions for the Pledge of Allegiance versus the National Anthem, throughout most of the 20th century many people simply stood at attention or with their hands folded in front of them during the playing of the Anthem, and when reciting the Pledge they would hold their hand (or hat) over their heart. After 9/11, the custom of placing the hand over the heart during the playing of the Anthem became nearly universal.[57][58][59]

text: Since 1998, federal law (viz., the United States Code 36 U.S.C. § 301) states that during a rendition of the national anthem, when the flag is displayed, all present including those in uniform should stand at attention; Non-military service individuals should face the flag with the right hand over the heart; Members of the Armed Forces and veterans who are present and not in uniform may render the military salute; Military service persons not in uniform should remove their headdress with their right hand and hold the headdress at the left shoulder, the hand being over the heart; and Members of the Armed Forces and veterans who are in uniform should give the military salute at the first note of the anthem and maintain that position until the last note. The law further provides that when the flag is not displayed, all present should face toward the music and act in the same manner they would if the flag were displayed. Military law requires all vehicles on the installation to stop when the song is played and all individuals outside to stand at attention and face the direction of the music and either salute, in uniform, or place the right hand over the heart, if out of uniform. The law was amended in 2008, and since allows military veterans to salute out of uniform, as well.[60][61]

text: The text of 36 U.S.C. § 301 is suggestive and not regulatory in nature. Failure to follow the suggestions is not a violation of the law. This behavioral requirement for the national anthem is subject to the same First Amendment controversies that surround the Pledge of Allegiance.[62] For example, Jehovah's Witnesses do not sing the national anthem, though they are taught that standing is an "ethical decision" that individual believers must make based on their "conscience."[63][64][65]

text: Protests[edit]

text: 1968 Olympics Black Power salute[edit]

text: The 1968 Olympics Black Power salute was a political demonstration conducted by African-American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos during their medal ceremony at the 1968 Summer Olympics in the Olympic Stadium in Mexico City. After having won gold and bronze medals respectively in the 200-meter running event, they turned on the podium to face their flags, and to hear the American national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner". Each athlete raised a black-gloved fist, and kept them raised until the anthem had finished. In addition, Smith, Carlos, and Australian silver medalist Peter Norman all wore human rights badges on their jackets. In his autobiography, Silent Gesture, Smith stated that the gesture was not a "Black Power" salute, but a "human rights salute". The event is regarded as one of the most overtly political statements in the history of the modern Olympic Games.[66]

text: 2016 protests[edit]

text: Politically motivated protests of the national anthem began in the National Football League (NFL) after San Francisco 49ers quarterback (QB) Colin Kaepernick sat during the anthem, as opposed to the tradition of standing, in response to police brutality in America, before his team's third preseason game of 2016. Kaepernick also sat during the first two preseason games, but he went unnoticed.[67]

text: NAACP call to remove the national anthem[edit]

text: In November 2017, the California Chapter of the NAACP called on Congress to remove The Star-Spangled Banner as the national anthem. Alice Huffman, California NAACP president said: "it's racist; it doesn't represent our community, it's anti-black."[68] The third stanza of the anthem, which is rarely sung and few know, contains the words, "No refuge could save the hireling and slave, From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave:", which some interpret as racist. The organization was still seeking a representative to sponsor the legislation in Congress at the time of their announcement.

text: Translations[edit]

text: As a result of immigration to the United States and the incorporation of non-English speaking people into the country, the lyrics of the song have been translated into other languages. In 1861, it was translated into German.[69] The Library of Congress also has record of a Spanish-language version from 1919.[70] It has since been translated into Hebrew[71] and Yiddish by Jewish immigrants,[72] Latin American Spanish (with one version popularized during immigration reform protests in 2006),[73] French by Acadians of Louisiana,[74] Samoan,[75] and Irish.[76] The third verse of the anthem has also been translated into Latin.[77]

text: With regard to the indigenous languages of North America, there are versions in Navajo[78][79][80] and Cherokee.[81]

text: Media[edit]

text:
The Star-Spangled Banner (1915)

A 1915 recording of the Star-Spangled Banner as sung by Margaret Woodrow Wilson, daughter of Woodrow Wilson

The Star-Spangled Banner (1942)

Fred Waring and His Pennsylvanians sing The Star-Spangled Banner in 1942

The Star-Spangled Banner (1953)

A 1953 instrumental recording by the United States Marine Corps band

The Star Spangled Banner (circa 2000)

An instrumental recording by the United States Navy Band.

Problems playing these files? See media help.

text:
Play media

(1944)

Play media

(1940)


document_title: Brighter Side of Darkness

question_text: what happened to the group brighter side of darkness

root

text: Brighter Side of Darkness

text: Brighter Side of Darkness was a short-lived American R&B/soul group. They were formed in 1971 at Calumet High School in Chicago, Illinois.[1] Their lead singer was 12-year-old Darryl Lamont; the other members were Ralph Eskridge, Randolph Murph, Larry Washington and Albert Vanderlier Roberts.[2]

tag: p

text: They released the single "Love Jones" in December 1972. It was a hit in the US (Hot 100, #16; Hot Soul Singles, #3)[3] and was certified gold by February 9, 1973 by the RIAA.[4] They released an album, Love Jones, in 1973. Their second single, "I Owe You Love", was less successful, and the group disbanded in 1974.

text: "Love Jones" was parodied as "Basketball Jones" by Cheech and Chong in 1973.  The parody was released as a single in August 1973 and reached #15 on the Hot 100.

text: Discography[edit]

text: Love Jones (20th Century Records, 1973) US R&B Albums #35[5]

tag: ul


document_title: Yaw (name)

question_text: where does the last name yaw come from

question_tokens: where does the last name yaw come from

text: Yaw (name)

text:
Yaw

Gender
Male

Origin

Word/name
Akan people

Meaning
born on a Thursday

Region of origin
Empire of Ashanti, Ghana

Other names

Related names

Kwadwo (Monday)
Kwabena (Tuesday)
Kwaku (Wednesday)
Yaw (Thursday)
Kofi (Friday)
Kwame (Saturday)
Akwasi (Sunday)

tag: table

text: Yaw is a masculine given name originating from the Akan people and their day naming system, meaning born on a Thursday.

text:
Yaw Antwi (born 1985), Ghanaian footballer playing in Serbia
Yaw Amankwah Mireku (born 1979), Ghanaian footballer
Yaw Asante (born 1991), Ghanaian footballer playing in Italy
Yaw Berko (born 1980), Ghanaian footballer playing in Tanzania
Yaw Danso (born 1989), Ghanaian footballer playing in Puerto Rico
Yaw Fosu-Amoah (born 1981), South African long jumper
Yaw Frimpong (born 1986), Ghanaian footballer playing in Congo
Yaw Ihle Amankwah (born 1988), Ghanaian footballer playing in Norway
Yaw Ofori Debrah, Ghanaian disabled rights activist
Yaw Osafo-Marfo, Ghanaian politician and former minister for Education and Finance
Yaw Preko (born 1974), Ghanaian former international footballer

text:
George Yaw Boakye (1937–1979), Ghanaian airman and politician
Joachim Yaw (born 1973), Ghanaian former international footballer and Olympic medalist
Lawrence Henry Yaw Ofosu-Appiah (1920–1990), Ghanaian academic and director of the Encyclopedia Africana
Nana Yaw Konadu Yeboah (born 1964), Ghanaian boxer and former world champion
Nicholas Yaw Boafo Adade, Ghanaian former supreme court judge
Paul Yaw Addo (born 1990), Ghanaian footballer playing in Norway
Samuel Yaw Adusei, Ghanaian politician
William Yaw Obeng (born 1983), Ghanaian former American football offensive lineman


document_title: List of Modern Family episodes

question_text: when is there going to be a new episode of modern family

text: List of Modern Family episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2009–10)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)11"Pilot"Jason WinerSteven Levitan & Christopher LloydSeptember 23, 2009 (2009-09-23)1ARG7912.60[10]
22"The Bicycle Thief"Jason WinerBill WrubelSeptember 30, 2009 (2009-09-30)1ARG029.99[11]
33"Come Fly with Me"Reginald HudlinDan O'ShannonOctober 7, 2009 (2009-10-07)1ARG048.82[12]
44"The Incident"Jason WinerSteven LevitanOctober 14, 2009 (2009-10-14)1ARG059.35[13]
55"Coal Digger"Jason WinerChristopher LloydOctober 21, 2009 (2009-10-21)1ARG038.66[14]
66"Run for Your Wife"Jason WinerPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshOctober 28, 2009 (2009-10-28)1ARG019.32[15]
77"En Garde"Randall EinhornDanny ZukerNovember 4, 2009 (2009-11-04)1ARG068.77[16]
88"Great Expectations"Jason WinerJoe LawsonNovember 18, 2009 (2009-11-18)1ARG079.16[17]
99"Fizbo"Jason WinerPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshNovember 25, 2009 (2009-11-25)1ARG097.12[18]
1010"Undeck the Halls"Randall EinhornDan O'ShannonDecember 9, 2009 (2009-12-09)1ARG119.67[19]
1111"Up All Night"Michael SpillerChristopher LloydJanuary 6, 2010 (2010-01-06)1ARG1010.22[20]
1212"Not in My House"Chris KochCaroline WilliamsJanuary 13, 2010 (2010-01-13)1ARG087.83[21]
1313"Fifteen Percent"Jason WinerSteven LevitanJanuary 20, 2010 (2010-01-20)1ARG129.83[22]
1414"Moon Landing"Jason WinerBill WrubelFebruary 3, 2010 (2010-02-03)1ARG139.19[23]
1515"My Funky Valentine"Michael SpillerJerry CollinsFebruary 10, 2010 (2010-02-10)1ARG169.84[24]
1616"Fears"Reginald HudlinSteven LevitanMarch 3, 2010 (2010-03-03)1ARG188.01[25]
1717"Truth Be Told"Jason WinerJoe LawsonMarch 10, 2010 (2010-03-10)1ARG178.95[26]
1818"Starry Night"Jason WinerDanny ZukerMarch 24, 2010 (2010-03-24)1ARG159.18[27]
1919"Game Changer"Kevin SullivanStory by : Vanessa McCarthy & Joe Lawson Teleplay by : Joe Lawson & Alex HerschlagMarch 31, 2010 (2010-03-31)1ARG219.51[28]
2020"Benched"Chris KochDanny ZukerApril 14, 2010 (2010-04-14)1ARG208.88[29]
2121"Travels with Scout"Seth GordonPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshApril 28, 2010 (2010-04-28)1ARG1410.01[30]
2222"Airport 2010"Jason WinerDan O'Shannon & Bill WrubelMay 5, 2010 (2010-05-05)1ARG199.48[31]
2323"Hawaii"Steven LevitanPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshMay 12, 2010 (2010-05-12)1ARG2310.34[32]
2424"Family Portrait"Jason WinerIlana WernickMay 19, 2010 (2010-05-19)1ARG2210.14[33]

text: Season 2 (2010–11)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)251"The Old Wagon"Michael SpillerBill WrubelSeptember 22, 2010 (2010-09-22)2ARG0512.67[34]
262"The Kiss"Scott EllisAbraham HigginbothamSeptember 29, 2010 (2010-09-29)2ARG0411.92[35]
273"Earthquake"Michael SpillerPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshOctober 6, 2010 (2010-10-06)2ARG0111.44[36]
284"Strangers on a Treadmill"Scott EllisDanny ZukerOctober 13, 2010 (2010-10-13)2ARG0211.45[37]
295"Unplugged"Michael SpillerSteven LevitanOctober 20, 2010 (2010-10-20)2ARG0611.97[38]
306"Halloween"Michael SpillerJeffrey RichmanOctober 27, 2010 (2010-10-27)2ARG0913.14[39]
317"Chirp"Michael SpillerDan O'ShannonNovember 3, 2010 (2010-11-03)2ARG0312.24[40]
328"Manny Get Your Gun"Michael SpillerStory by : Christopher Lloyd Teleplay by : Danny ZukerNovember 17, 2010 (2010-11-17)2ARG1112.09[41]
339"Mother Tucker"Michael SpillerPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshNovember 24, 2010 (2010-11-24)2ARG0710.57[42]
3410"Dance Dance Revelation"Gail MancusoIlana WernickDecember 8, 2010 (2010-12-08)2ARG0811.07[43]
3511"Slow Down Your Neighbors"Gail MancusoIlana WernickJanuary 5, 2011 (2011-01-05)2ARG1211.83[44]
3612"Our Children, Ourselves"Adam ShankmanDan O'Shannon & Bill WrubelJanuary 12, 2011 (2011-01-12)2ARG1011.12[45]
3713"Caught in the Act"Michael SpillerSteven Levitan & Jeffrey RichmanJanuary 19, 2011 (2011-01-19)2ARG1310.94[46]
3814"Bixby's Back"Chris KochDanny ZukerFebruary 9, 2011 (2011-02-09)2ARG1613.16[47]
3915"Princess Party"Michael SpillerElaine KoFebruary 16, 2011 (2011-02-16)2ARG1710.57[48]
4016"Regrets Only"Dean ParisotAbraham HigginbothamFebruary 23, 2011 (2011-02-23)2ARG1410.17[49]
4117"Two Monkeys and a Panda"Beth McCarthy-MillerCarol LeiferMarch 2, 2011 (2011-03-02)2ARG1510.11[50]
4218"Boys' Night"Chris KochSteven Levitan & Jeffrey RichmanMarch 23, 2011 (2011-03-23)2ARG2010.90[51]
4319"The Musical Man"Michael SpillerPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshApril 13, 2011 (2011-04-13)2ARG199.61[52]
4420"Someone to Watch Over Lily"Michael SpillerBill WrubelApril 20, 2011 (2011-04-20)2ARG189.95[53]
4521"Mother's Day"Michael SpillerDan O'Shannon & Ilana WernickMay 4, 2011 (2011-05-04)2ARG219.90[54]
4622"Good Cop Bad Dog"Fred SavageStory by : Abraham Higginbotham Teleplay by : Abraham Higginbotham & Jeffrey RichmanMay 11, 2011 (2011-05-11)2ARG2210.15[55]
4723"See You Next Fall"Steven LevitanDanny ZukerMay 18, 2011 (2011-05-18)2ARG2410.30[56]
4824"The One That Got Away"Jim BagdonasPaul Corrigan & Brad Walsh & Dan O'ShannonMay 25, 2011 (2011-05-25)2ARG2310.31[57]

text: Season 3 (2011–12)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)491"Dude Ranch"Jason WinerPaul Corrigan & Brad Walsh & Dan O'ShannonSeptember 21, 2011 (2011-09-21)3ARG0314.52[58]
502"When Good Kids Go Bad"Michael SpillerJeffrey RichmanSeptember 21, 2011 (2011-09-21)3ARG0214.54[58]
513"Phil on Wire"Jason WinerStory by : Bianca Douglas & Danny Zuker Teleplay by : Danny ZukerSeptember 28, 2011 (2011-09-28)3ARG0113.45[59]
524"Door to Door"Chris KochBill WrubelOctober 5, 2011 (2011-10-05)3ARG0413.24[60]
535"Hit and Run"Jason WinerElaine KoOctober 12, 2011 (2011-10-12)3ARG0613.65[61]
546"Go Bullfrogs!"Scott EllisAbraham HigginbothamOctober 19, 2011 (2011-10-19)3ARG0713.04[62]
557"Treehouse"Jason WinerSteven LevitanNovember 2, 2011 (2011-11-02)3ARG0813.37[63]
568"After the Fire"Fred SavageDanny ZukerNovember 16, 2011 (2011-11-16)3ARG0912.91[64]
579"Punkin Chunkin"Michael SpillerBen KarlinNovember 23, 2011 (2011-11-23)3ARG0512.72[65]
5810"Express Christmas"Michael SpillerCindy ChupackDecember 7, 2011 (2011-12-07)3ARG1012.20[66]
5911"Lifetime Supply"Chris KochJeffrey Richman & Bill WrubelJanuary 4, 2012 (2012-01-04)3ARG1114.03[67]
6012"Egg Drop"Jason WinerPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshJanuary 11, 2012 (2012-01-11)3ARG1212.12[68]
6113"Little Bo Bleep"Chris KochCindy ChupackJanuary 18, 2012 (2012-01-18)3ARG1411.89[69]
6214"Me? Jealous?"Michael SpillerBen KarlinFebruary 8, 2012 (2012-02-08)3ARG1312.90[70]
6315"Aunt Mommy"Michael SpillerAbraham Higginbotham & Dan O'ShannonFebruary 15, 2012 (2012-02-15)3ARG1511.23[71]
6416"Virgin Territory"Jason WinerElaine KoFebruary 22, 2012 (2012-02-22)3ARG1711.54[72]
6517"Leap Day"Gail MancusoDanny ZukerFebruary 29, 2012 (2012-02-29)3ARG1911.63[73]
6618"Send Out the Clowns"Steven LevitanSteven Levitan & Jeffrey Richman & Bill WrubelMarch 14, 2012 (2012-03-14)3ARG1610.60[74]
6719"Election Day"Bryan CranstonBen KarlinApril 11, 2012 (2012-04-11)3ARG2010.35[75]
6820"The Last Walt"Michael SpillerDan O'Shannon & Paul Corrigan & Brad WalshApril 18, 2012 (2012-04-18)3ARG2110.21[76]
6921"Planes, Trains and Cars"Michael SpillerPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshMay 2, 2012 (2012-05-02)3ARG1810.06[77]
7022"Disneyland"James BagdonasCindy ChupackMay 9, 2012 (2012-05-09)3ARG2210.58[78]
7123"Tableau Vivant"Gail MancusoElaine Ko & Jeffrey Richman & Bill WrubelMay 16, 2012 (2012-05-16)3ARG239.36[79]
7224"Baby on Board"Steven LevitanAbraham HigginbothamMay 23, 2012 (2012-05-23)3ARG2410.07[80]

text: Season 4 (2012–13)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)731"Bringing Up Baby"Steven LevitanPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshSeptember 26, 2012 (2012-09-26)4ARG0114.44[81]
742"Schooled"Jeff MelmanSteven Levitan & Dan O'ShannonOctober 10, 2012 (2012-10-10)4ARG0312.08[82]
753"Snip"Gail MancusoDanny ZukerOctober 10, 2012 (2012-10-10)4ARG0212.31[82]
764"The Butler's Escape"Beth McCarthy-MillerBill WrubelOctober 17, 2012 (2012-10-17)4ARG0412.28[83]
775"Open House of Horrors"Jim BagdonasElaine KoOctober 24, 2012 (2012-10-24)4ARG0612.52[84]
786"Yard Sale"Gail MancusoAbraham HigginbothamOctober 31, 2012 (2012-10-31)4ARG0510.62[85]
797"Arrested"Gail MancusoBecky Mann & Audra SielaffNovember 7, 2012 (2012-11-07)4ARG0712.43[86]
808"Mistery Date"Beth McCarthy-MillerJeffrey RichmanNovember 14, 2012 (2012-11-14)4ARG0811.89[87]
819"When a Tree Falls"Steven LevitanBen KarlinNovember 28, 2012 (2012-11-28)4ARG0912.01[88]
8210"Diamond in the Rough"Gail MancusoDan O'Shannon & Becky Mann & Audra SielaffDecember 12, 2012 (2012-12-12)4ARG1110.94[89]
8311"New Year's Eve"Fred GossAbraham Higginbotham & Jeffrey RichmanJanuary 9, 2013 (2013-01-09)4ARG1312.04[90]
8412"Party Crasher"Fred SavageDanny Zuker & Christopher LloydJanuary 16, 2013 (2013-01-16)4ARG1011.01[91]
8513"Fulgencio"Lev L. SpiroBill WrubelJanuary 23, 2013 (2013-01-23)4ARG1210.83[92]
8614"A Slight at the Opera"Jim BagdonasPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshFebruary 6, 2013 (2013-02-06)4ARG149.83[93]
8715"Heart Broken"Beth McCarthy-MillerDanny ZukerFebruary 13, 2013 (2013-02-13)4ARG1810.05[94]
8816"Bad Hair Day"Gail MancusoElaine KoFebruary 20, 2013 (2013-02-20)4ARG1610.62[95]
8917"Best Men"Steven LevitanStory by : Dan O'Shannon & Abraham Higginbotham & Bianca Douglas Teleplay by : Dan O'Shannon & Abraham HigginbothamFebruary 27, 2013 (2013-02-27)4ARG1510.53[96]
9018"The Wow Factor"Steven LevitanBen KarlinMarch 27, 2013 (2013-03-27)4ARG179.09[97]
9119"The Future Dunphys"Ryan CaseElaine KoApril 3, 2013 (2013-04-03)4ARG2010.88[98]
9220"Flip Flop"Gail MancusoJeffrey Richman & Bill WrubelApril 10, 2013 (2013-04-10)4ARG1910.38[99]
9321"Career Day"Jim HenszPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshMay 1, 2013 (2013-05-01)4ARG219.64[100]
9422"My Hero"Gail MancusoAbraham HigginbothamMay 8, 2013 (2013-05-08)4ARG229.02[101]
9523"Games People Play"Alisa StatmanStory by : Danny Zuker Teleplay by : Ben KarlinMay 15, 2013 (2013-05-15)4ARG2410.03[102]
9624"Goodnight Gracie"Steven LevitanSteven Levitan & Jeffrey RichmanMay 22, 2013 (2013-05-22)4ARG2310.01[103]

text: Season 5 (2013–14)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)971"Suddenly, Last Summer"James BagdonasJeffrey RichmanSeptember 25, 2013 (2013-09-25)5ARG0111.71 [104]
982"First Days"Steven LevitanPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshSeptember 25, 2013 (2013-09-25)5ARG0211.65[104]
993"Larry's Wife"Jeffrey WalkerBill WrubelOctober 2, 2013 (2013-10-02)5ARG0511.12[105]
1004"Farm Strong"Alisa StatmanElaine KoOctober 9, 2013 (2013-10-09)5ARG0410.64[106]
1015"The Late Show"Beth McCarthy-MillerAbraham HigginbothamOctober 16, 2013 (2013-10-16)5ARG0610.94[107]
1026"The Help"Jim HenszDanny ZukerOctober 23, 2013 (2013-10-23)5ARG0710.32[108]
1037"A Fair to Remember"Beth McCarthy-MillerEmily SpiveyNovember 13, 2013 (2013-11-13)5ARG0910.75[109]
1048"ClosetCon '13"Fred SavageBen KarlinNovember 20, 2013 (2013-11-20)5ARG0810.19[110]
1059"The Big Game"Beth McCarthy-MillerMegan GanzDecember 4, 2013 (2013-12-04)5ARG039.47[111]
10610"The Old Man & the Tree"Bryan CranstonPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshDecember 11, 2013 (2013-12-11)5ARG1010.61[112]
10711"And One to Grow On"Gail MancusoJeffrey RichmanJanuary 8, 2014 (2014-01-08)5ARG129.51[113]
10812"Under Pressure"James BagdonasElaine KoJanuary 15, 2014 (2014-01-15)5ARG119.14[114]
10913"Three Dinners"Steven LevitanAbraham Higginbotham, Steven Levitan & Jeffrey RichmanJanuary 22, 2014 (2014-01-22)5ARG159.59[115]
11014"iSpy"Gail MancusoAbraham HigginbothamFebruary 5, 2014 (2014-02-05)5ARG139.87[116]
11115"The Feud"Ryan CaseStory by : Christopher Lloyd Teleplay by : Dan O'ShannonFebruary 26, 2014 (2014-02-26)5ARG148.52[117]
11216"Spring-a-Ding-Fling"Gail MancusoBen KarlinMarch 5, 2014 (2014-03-05)5ARG169.22[118]
11317"Other People's Children"Jim HenszMegan GanzMarch 12, 2014 (2014-03-12)5ARG179.39[119]
11418"Las Vegas"Gail MancusoPaul Corrigan & Brad Walsh & Bill WrubelMarch 26, 2014 (2014-03-26)5ARG1810.09[120]
11519"A Hard Jay's Night"Beth McCarthy-MillerMegan Ganz & Ben KarlinApril 2, 2014 (2014-04-02)5ARG209.00[121]
11620"Australia"Steven LevitanElaine Ko & Danny ZukerApril 23, 2014 (2014-04-23)5ARG219.59[122]
11721"Sleeper"Ryan CasePaul Corrigan, Brad Walsh & Bill WrubelApril 30, 2014 (2014-04-30)5ARG228.39[123]
11822"Message Received"Jeffrey WalkerSteven LevitanMay 7, 2014 (2014-05-07)5ARG198.55[124]
11923"The Wedding (Part 1)"Steven LevitanAbraham Higginbotham, Ben Karlin & Jeffrey RichmanMay 14, 2014 (2014-05-14)5ARG239.08[125]
12024"The Wedding (Part 2)"Alisa StatmanMegan Ganz, Christopher Lloyd & Dan O'ShannonMay 21, 2014 (2014-05-21)5ARG2410.45[126]

text: Season 6 (2014–15)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)1211"The Long Honeymoon"Beth McCarthy-MillerDanny ZukerSeptember 24, 2014 (2014-09-24)6ARG0111.38[127]
1222"Do Not Push"Gail MancusoMegan GanzOctober 1, 2014 (2014-10-01)6ARG0210.56[128]
1233"The Cold"Jim HenszRick Wiener & Kenny SchwartzOctober 8, 2014 (2014-10-08)6ARG0310.30[129]
1244"Marco Polo"Fred SavageElaine KoOctober 15, 2014 (2014-10-15)6ARG059.71[130]
1255"Won't You Be Our Neighbor"Gail MancusoPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshOctober 22, 2014 (2014-10-22)6ARG0410.16[131]
1266"Halloween 3: AwesomeLand"Gail MancusoPaul Corrigan & Brad Walsh & Abraham HigginbothamOctober 29, 2014 (2014-10-29)6ARG069.92[132]
1277"Queer Eyes, Full Hearts"Jason WinerStephen LloydNovember 12, 2014 (2014-11-12)6ARG089.83[133]
1288"Three Turkeys"Beth McCarthy-MillerJeffrey RichmanNovember 19, 2014 (2014-11-19)6ARG0910.88[134]
1299"Strangers in the Night"Fred SavageChuck TathamDecember 3, 2014 (2014-12-03)6ARG079.02[135]
13010"Haley's 21st Birthday"Alisa StatmanAbraham HigginbothamDecember 10, 2014 (2014-12-10)6ARG109.69[136]
13111"The Day We Almost Died"James BagdonasDanny ZukerJanuary 7, 2015 (2015-01-07)6ARG139.29[137]
13212"The Big Guns"Jeffrey WalkerVali ChandrasekaranJanuary 14, 2015 (2015-01-14)6ARG149.44[138]
13313"Rash Decisions"Jim HenszStory by : Anthony Lombardo & Clint McCray Teleplay by : Daisy GardnerFebruary 4, 2015 (2015-02-04)6ARG169.87[139]
13414"Valentine's Day 4: Twisted Sister"Fred SavageJeffrey RichmanFebruary 11, 2015 (2015-02-11)6ARG159.77[140]
13515"Fight or Flight"Steven LevitanAbraham HigginbothamFebruary 18, 2015 (2015-02-18)6ARG188.80[141]
13616"Connection Lost"Steven LevitanSteven Levitan & Megan GanzFebruary 25, 2015 (2015-02-25)6ARG129.32[142]
13717"Closet? You'll Love It!"Ryan CaseElaine KoMarch 4, 2015 (2015-03-04)6ARG119.61[143]
13818"Spring Break"Gail MancusoPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshMarch 25, 2015 (2015-03-25)6ARG178.71[144]
13919"Grill, Interrupted"James BagdonasPaul Corrigan & Brad Walsh & Jeffrey RichmanApril 1, 2015 (2015-04-01)6ARG219.43[145]
14020"Knock 'Em Down"Beth McCarthy-MillerRick Wiener & Kenny SchwartzApril 22, 2015 (2015-04-22)6ARG208.85[146]
14121"Integrity"Chris KochStephen Lloyd & Chuck TathamApril 29, 2015 (2015-04-29)6ARG198.00[147]
14222"Patriot Games"Alisa StatmanVali ChandrasekaranMay 6, 2015 (2015-05-06)6ARG228.57[148]
14323"Crying Out Loud"Ryan CaseMegan Ganz & Stephen Lloyd & Chuck TathamMay 13, 2015 (2015-05-13)6ARG238.13[149]
14424"American Skyper"Steven LevitanElaine KoMay 20, 2015 (2015-05-20)6ARG247.20[150]

text: Season 7 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)1451"Summer Lovin'"Jim HenszAbraham HigginbothamSeptember 23, 2015 (2015-09-23)7ARG019.46[151]
1462"The Day Alex Left for College"Jeffrey WalkerDanny ZukerSeptember 30, 2015 (2015-09-30)7ARG028.72[152]
1473"The Closet Case"Beth McCarthy-MillerPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshOctober 7, 2015 (2015-10-07)7ARG037.99[153]
1484"She Crazy"Gail MancusoElaine KoOctober 14, 2015 (2015-10-14)7ARG047.88[154]
1495"The Verdict"Alisa StatmanChuck TathamOctober 21, 2015 (2015-10-21)7ARG057.80[155]
1506"The More You Ignore Me"Gail MancusoVali ChandrasekaranNovember 11, 2015 (2015-11-11)7ARG068.15[156]
1517"Phil's Sexy, Sexy House"Beth McCarthy-MillerStephen LloydNovember 18, 2015 (2015-11-18)7ARG088.38[157]
1528"Clean Out Your Junk Drawer"Steven LevitanSteven LevitanDecember 2, 2015 (2015-12-02)7ARG077.35[158]
1539"White Christmas"Gail MancusoAndy Gordon & Jon PollackDecember 9, 2015 (2015-12-09)7ARG118.20[159]
15410"Playdates"Claire ScanlonJeffrey RichmanJanuary 6, 2016 (2016-01-06)7ARG098.35[160]
15511"Spread Your Wings"James BagdonasVanessa McCarthy & Ryan WallsJanuary 13, 2016 (2016-01-13)7ARG108.17[161]
15612"Clean for a Day"Beth McCarthy-MillerPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshFebruary 10, 2016 (2016-02-10)7ARG137.80[162]
15713"Thunk in the Trunk"Phil TraillElaine KoFebruary 17, 2016 (2016-02-17)7ARG127.48[163]
15814"The Storm"James BagdonasDanny ZukerFebruary 24, 2016 (2016-02-24)7ARG168.10[164]
15915"I Don't Know How She Does It"Ryan CaseJeffrey RichmanMarch 2, 2016 (2016-03-02)7ARG148.22[165]
16016"The Cover-Up"Jim HenszChuck TathamMarch 16, 2016 (2016-03-16)7ARG158.14[166]
16117"Express Yourself"Alisa StatmanAbraham HigginbothamMarch 23, 2016 (2016-03-23)7ARG187.69[167]
16218"The Party"Steven LevitanVali ChandrasekaranApril 6, 2016 (2016-04-06)7ARG177.51[168]
16319"Man Shouldn't Lie"Gail MancusoAndy GordonApril 13, 2016 (2016-04-13)7ARG197.44[169]
16420"Promposal"Ken WhittinghamStephen LloydMay 4, 2016 (2016-05-04)7ARG207.42[170]
16521"Crazy Train"Jim HenszJon Pollack & Ryan WallsMay 11, 2016 (2016-05-11)7ARG217.16[171]
16622"Double Click"James BagdonasElaine KoMay 18, 2016 (2016-05-18)7ARG226.79[172]

text: Season 8 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)1671"A Tale of Three Cities"Chris KochElaine KoSeptember 21, 2016 (2016-09-21)8ARG018.24[173]
1682"A Stereotypical Day"Ryan CaseVali ChandrasekaranSeptember 28, 2016 (2016-09-28)8ARG037.41[174]
1693"Blindsided"Jim HenszChristy Stratton & Danny ZukerOctober 5, 2016 (2016-10-05)8ARG026.97[175]
1704"Weathering Heights"Gail MancusoPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshOctober 12, 2016 (2016-10-12)8ARG047.50[176]
1715"Halloween IV: Revenge of Rod Skyhook"Chris KochStephen LloydOctober 26, 2016 (2016-10-26)8ARG067.38[177]
1726"Grab It"Beth McCarthy-MillerJeffrey RichmanNovember 9, 2016 (2016-11-09)8ARG057.23[178]
1737"Thanksgiving Jamboree"Steven LevitanJon Pollack & Chuck TathamNovember 16, 2016 (2016-11-16)8ARG087.33[179]
1748"The Alliance"James BagdonasAndy Gordon & Ryan WallsNovember 30, 2016 (2016-11-30)8ARG096.81[180]
1759"Snow Ball"Beth McCarthy-MillerChristy Stratton & Stephen LloydDecember 14, 2016 (2016-12-14)8ARG106.81[181]
17610"Ringmaster Keifth"Jim HenszVali ChandrasekaranJanuary 4, 2017 (2017-01-04)8ARG117.57[182]
17711"Sarge & Pea"James BagdonasAbraham HigginbothamJanuary 11, 2017 (2017-01-11)8ARG077.59[183]
17812"Do You Believe in Magic"Gail MancusoJon PollackFebruary 8, 2017 (2017-02-08)8ARG157.34[184]
17913"Do It Yourself"Jeffrey WalkerPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshFebruary 15, 2017 (2017-02-15)8ARG126.92[185]
18014"Heavy is the Head"Ken WhittinghamDanny ZukerFebruary 22, 2017 (2017-02-22)8ARG146.65[186]
18115"Finding Fizbo"James BagdonasAbraham Higginbotham & Chuck TathamMarch 1, 2017 (2017-03-01)8ARG166.41[187]
18216"Basketball"Jim HenszElaine KoMarch 8, 2017 (2017-03-08)8ARG136.49[188]
18317"Pig Moon Rising"Chris KochPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshMarch 15, 2017 (2017-03-15)8ARG176.12[189]
18418"Five Minutes"Gail MancusoElaine KoMarch 29, 2017 (2017-03-29)8ARG186.79[190]
18519"Frank's Wedding"Beth McCarthy-MillerAndy GordonApril 5, 2017 (2017-04-05)8ARG196.25[191]
18620"All Things Being Equal"Michelle MacLarenChristy Stratton & Ryan WallsMay 3, 2017 (2017-05-03)8ARG205.65[192]
18721"Alone Time"Jim HenszAbraham Higginbotham, Stephen Lloyd & Danny ZukerMay 10, 2017 (2017-05-10)8ARG215.71[193]
18822"The Graduates"Steven LevitanJon Pollack, Jeffrey Richman & Chuck TathamMay 17, 2017 (2017-05-17)8ARG226.20[194]

text: Season 9 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeU.S. viewers(millions)1891"Lake Life"James BagdonasElaine KoSeptember 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)9ARG037.01[195]
1902"The Long Goodbye"Jim HenszPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshOctober 4, 2017 (2017-10-04)9ARG026.36[196]
1913"Catch of the Day"Fred SavageJeffrey RichmanOctober 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)9ARG016.27[197]
1924"Sex, Lies and Kickball"John RiggiAbraham HigginbothamOctober 18, 2017 (2017-10-18)9ARG056.22[198]
1935"It's the Great Pumpkin, Phil Dunphy"Beth McCarthy-MillerJon PollackOctober 25, 2017 (2017-10-25)9ARG045.96[199]
1946"Ten Years Later"Fred SavageDanny ZukerNovember 1, 2017 (2017-11-01)9ARG085.51[200]
1957"Winner Winner Turkey Dinner"Beth McCarthy-MillerBill WrubelNovember 15, 2017 (2017-11-15)9ARG065.96[201]
1968"Brushes with Celebrity"Jeffrey WalkerVali ChandrasekaranNovember 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)9ARG096.15[202]
1979"Tough Love"John RiggiStephen LloydDecember 6, 2017 (2017-12-06)9ARG105.81[203]
19810"No Small Feet"James BagdonasTeleplay by: Ryan WallsStory by: Ryan Walls & Matt PlonskerDecember 13, 2017 (2017-12-13)9ARG075.89[204]
19911"He Said, She Shed"Jim HenszJeffrey Richman & Ryan WallsJanuary 3, 2018 (2018-01-03)9ARG115.90[205]
20012"Dear Beloved Family"Gail MancusoBill WrubelJanuary 10, 2018 (2018-01-10)9ARG125.81[206]
20113"In Your Head"Steven LevitanJack BurdittJanuary 17, 2018 (2018-01-17)9ARG136.24[207]
20214"Written in the Stars"Jaffar MahmoodAbraham Higginbotham & Jon PollackFebruary 28, 2018 (2018-02-28)9ARG154.96[208]
20315"Spanks for the Memories"James BagdonasPaul Corrigan & Brad WalshMarch 7, 2018 (2018-03-07)9ARG145.25[209]
20416"Wine Weekend"Beth McCarthy-MillerElaine KoMarch 21, 2018 (2018-03-21)9ARG165.56[210]
20517"Royal Visit"Gail MancusoStory by : Jeffrey Richman Teleplay by : Jack Burditt & Jessica PoterMarch 28, 2018 (2018-03-28)9ARG175.43[211]
20618"Daddy Issues"Chris KochVali Chandrasekaran & Stephen LloydApril 4, 2018 (2018-04-04)9ARG185.61[212]
20719"CHiPs and Salsa"Gail MancusoPaul Corrigan & Brad Walsh & Bill WrubelApril 11, 2018 (2018-04-11)9ARG194.97[213]
20820"Mother!"[214]Eric Dean SeatonStory by: Abraham HigginbothamTeleplay by: Jon Pollack & Ryan WallsMay 2, 2018 (2018-05-02)9ARG20TBD
20921"The Escape"[215]TBATBAMay 9, 2018 (2018-05-09)9ARG21TBD
21022"Clash of Swords"[216]TBATBAMay 16, 2018 (2018-05-16)9ARG22TBD


document_title: Miracle on 34th Street

question_text: where does kris kringle live in miracle on 34th street

text: Miracle on 34th Street

text: Plot[edit]

text: Kris Kringle (Edmund Gwenn) is indignant to find that the man (Percy Helton) assigned to play Santa in the annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is intoxicated. When he complains to event director Doris Walker (Maureen O'Hara), she persuades Kris to take his place. He does so well, he is hired to play Santa at Macy's flagship New York City store on 34th Street.

text: Ignoring instructions to steer parents to buy from Macy's, Kris directs one shopper (Thelma Ritter) to a competitor. Impressed, she tells Julian Shellhammer (Philip Tonge), head of the toy department, that she will become a loyal customer.

text: Attorney Fred Gailey (John Payne), Doris's neighbor, takes the young divorcée's daughter Susan (Natalie Wood) to see Santa. Doris has raised her to not believe in fairy tales, but Susan is shaken after seeing Kris speak Dutch with a girl who does not know English. Doris asks Kringle to tell Susan that he is not Santa, but he insists that he is.

text: Worried, Doris decides to fire him. However, Kris has generated so much positive publicity and goodwill for Macy's that Macy (Harry Antrim) promises Doris and Julian bonuses. To alleviate Doris's misgivings, Julian has Granville Sawyer (Porter Hall) administer a "psychological evaluation". Kris passes, and questions Sawyer's own mental health.

text: The store expands on the concept. To avoid looking greedy, competitor Gimbels implements the same policy, forcing Macy's and others to escalate. Eventually, Kris does the impossible: he reconciles bitter rivals Macy and Gimbel (Herbert Heyes).

text: Pierce (James Seay), the doctor at Kris' nursing home, assures Doris that Kris is harmless. Kris makes a pact with Fred – he will work on Susan's cynicism while Fred does the same with Doris, disillusioned by her failed marriage. When Susan reveals she wants a house, Kris reluctantly promises to do his best.

text: Kris learns that Sawyer has convinced young employee Alfred that he is unstable simply because he is kind-hearted. Finding Sawyer unwilling to budge, Kris hits him on the head with Sawyer's umbrella, which was on the desk. Sawyer exaggerates his pain in order to have Kris confined to Bellevue Hospital. Tricked into cooperating, and believing Doris to be in on the deception, Kris deliberately fails his examination and is recommended for permanent commitment. However, Fred persuades Kris not to give up.

text: At a hearing before Judge Henry X. Harper (Gene Lockhart), District Attorney Thomas Mara (Jerome Cowan) gets Kris to assert that he is Santa Claus and rests his case. Fred argues that Kris is not insane because he actually is Santa. Mara requests Harper rule that Santa does not exist. In private, Harper's political adviser, Charlie Halloran (William Frawley), warns him that doing so would be disastrous for his upcoming reelection bid. The judge buys time by hearing evidence.

text: Doris quarrels with Fred when he quits his job at a prestigious law firm to defend Kris. Fred calls Macy as a witness. When Mara asks if he believes Kris to be Santa, Macy starts to equivocate, but when pressed, he remembers the good Kris has done and states, "I do!" Afterward, Macy fires Sawyer. Fred then calls Mara's own young son (Bobby Hyatt), who testifies that his father told him that Santa was real. Mara concedes the point.

text: Mara then demands that Fred prove that Kris is "the one and only" Santa Claus on the basis of some competent authority. While Fred searches frantically, Susan writes Kris a letter to cheer him up, which Doris also signs. When a mail sorter (Jack Albertson) sees Susan's letter, he suggests delivering the many letters to Santa taking up space in the dead letter office too. Fred presents Judge Harper with three of them (from 21 full mailbags), addressed simply to "Santa Claus" and delivered to Kris, asserting the Post Office has acknowledged that he is the Santa Claus. Harper dismisses the case.

text: On Christmas morning, Susan is disappointed that Kris could not get her what she wanted. Kris gives Fred and Doris a route home that avoids traffic. Along the way, Susan sees her dream house with a "For Sale" sign in the front yard. Fred learns that Doris had encouraged Susan to have faith and suggests they get married and purchase the house. He then boasts that he must be a great lawyer since he proved Kris was Santa. However, when they spot a cane inside that looks just like Kris's, he is not so sure.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Maureen O'Hara as Doris Walker
John Payne as Frederick M. "Fred" Gailey
Edmund Gwenn as Kris Kringle
Gene Lockhart as The Hon. Henry X. Harper
Natalie Wood as Susan Walker
Porter Hall as Granville Sawyer
William Frawley as Charlie Halloran
Jerome Cowan as District Attorney Thomas Mara
Philip Tonge as Julian Shellhammer

text: Uncredited (alphabetically):

text:
Jack Albertson as Post Office Mail Sorter
Harry Antrim as R. H. Macy
Lela Bliss as Mrs. Shellhammer
Jeff Corey as Reporter
Mary Field as Dutch Girl's Adopted Mother
William Forrest as Dr. Rogers at Bellevue
Alvin Greenman as Alfred
Theresa Harris as Cleo, the Walkers' maid/housekeeper
Percy Helton as Drunken Santa Claus
Herbert Heyes as Mr. Gimbel
Robert Karnes as 2nd Bellevue Intern
Snub Pollard as Mail-Bearing Court Officer
Thelma Ritter as Peter's Mother
James Seay as Dr. Pierce, physician at the Brooks Memorial Home for the Aged

text: Production[edit]

text: Although the film is set during the Christmas season, studio head Darryl F. Zanuck insisted that it be released in May, arguing that more people go to the movies in warmer weather. The studio rushed to promote it while keeping its Christmas setting a secret. Fox's promotional trailer depicted a fictional producer roaming the studio backlot and encountering such stars as Rex Harrison, Anne Baxter, Peggy Ann Garner, and Dick Haymes extolling the virtues of the film. In addition, the movie posters prominently featured O'Hara and Payne, with Gwenn's character kept in the background. The film opened in New York City at the Roxy Theatre on June 4, 1947.[6] By contrast, modern home video packaging has Gwenn and Wood dominating the imagery, with the DVD release having Kringle in his Santa Claus costume.

text: O'Hara was initially reluctant to take the role, having recently moved back to Ireland. She immediately changed her mind after reading the script[7] and came back to the United States for the film.

text: The Christmas window displays seen in the film were originally made by Steiff for Macy's. Macy's later sold the window displays to FAO Schwarz in New York. FAO Schwarz then sold the windows to the Marshall & Ilsley Bank of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where they are on display every December in the bank's lobby on North Water Street.

text: The house shown at the end of the film is a 1703 square foot single family home built in 1943 at 24 Derby Road, Port Washington, New York. The home looks practically the same as it did in 1947, except that the roof line has been altered by the addition of a window.

text: Rowland Hussey Macy, called R. H. Macy in the film, died 70 years prior to the film (in 1877).[8]

text: Legal inaccuracies[edit]

text: In the book Reel Justice, the authors claim that Judge Harper could have dismissed the case early without the political repercussions he feared. In their theory, once the prosecutor rested his case immediately after Kris Kringle admitted in court simply that he believed he was Santa Claus, Judge Harper could have ruled that prosecution had forfeited its opportunity to prove that Kringle was dangerous (the basic point of such hearings; Kringle's actual mental state itself being irrelevant), and ordered him immediately released. However, this high standard for involuntary commitment was not instituted until 1975 with the U.S. Supreme Court's decision O'Connor v. Donaldson.

text: When demonstrating that he has taken several mental examinations in the past, Kris Kringle answers his own question about who was the Vice President under John Quincy Adams as Daniel D. Tompkins. Tompkins actually served under James Monroe. John C. Calhoun is the correct answer to Kringle's question. Tompkins was the 6th vice-president and Quincy Adams was the 6th president, leading to confusion in the script.[9]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was re-released in theatres on December 20 and 23, 2015, as part of the "TCM Presents" series by Turner Classic Movies and Fathom Events.[10]

text: Reaction[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (November 2014)

text: Miracle on 34th Street received mostly positive reviews from critics. Bosley Crowther of The New York Times said: "For all those blasé skeptics who do not believe in Santa Claus—and likewise for all those natives who have grown cynical about New York—but most especially for all those patrons who have grown weary of the monotonies of the screen, let us heartily recommend the Roxy's new picture, Miracle on 34th Street. As a matter of fact, let's go further: let's catch its spirit and heartily proclaim that it is the freshest little picture in a long time, and maybe even the best comedy of this year."[11] Today, it is considered by many as one of the best films of 1947.[12][13] The film currently holds a 96% "Fresh" rating on the review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes.[14]

text: The Catholic Legion of Decency gave the movie a "B", "morally objectionable in part" rating. This was mainly due to the fact that O'Hara was portraying a divorcée in the film.[15]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: The film won Academy Awards for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Edmund Gwenn), Best Writing, Original Story (Valentine Davies) and Best Writing, Screenplay. It was also nominated for Best Picture, losing to Gentleman's Agreement.

text: It was ranked ninth by the American Film Institute on 100 Years... 100 Cheers, a list of America's most inspiring films.[16] Miracle on 34th Street was listed as the fifth best film in the fantasy genre in the American Film Institute's "Ten top Ten" lists in 2008.[17][18]

text: In 2005, Miracle on 34th Street was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[19][20]

text: American Film Institute Lists

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – Nominated[21]
AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated[22]
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – #9
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – Nominated[23]
AFI's 10 Top 10 – #5 Fantasy Film

text: Home media and colorization[edit]

text: Miracle on 34th Street was first released on VHS and laserdisc in 1987.

text: In 1985, it became one of the first full-length black and white films to be colorized.[24] The 4½-month process was carried out by Color Systems Technology, Inc.[25] In 1993, this version was released on laserdisc and VHS and was followed four years later by a "50th Anniversary Edition", remastered by THX.

text: The first DVD release was in October 1999, featuring the B&W version alongside the original theatrical trailer and a TV spot. In November 2006, it was re-released as a two-disc "Special Edition" DVD, with disc one containing an "all new colorized version" carried out by Legend Films. The second disc had the original black-and-white version and numerous extras, including The 20th Century Fox Hour's 1955 TV remake. Both discs also included a full-length audio commentary by Maureen O'Hara. The B&W disc has since been re-released several times, including in a pairing with the 1994 remake.

text: In October 2009, 20th Century Fox released the B&W version on Blu-ray with all previous extras, bar the TV remake.[26]

text: Remake[edit]

text: A 1994 feature film starred Richard Attenborough, Elizabeth Perkins, Dylan McDermott, J. T. Walsh, Timothy Shea, James Remar, Jane Leeves, Simon Jones, William Windom and Mara Wilson. It was adapted by John Hughes from the Seaton script, and directed by Les Mayfield. Due to Macy's refusal to give permission to use its name, it was replaced by the fictitious "Cole's". Gimbels no longer existed by 1994 and was replaced with the fictional "Shopper's Express". Alvin Greenman (Alfred in the original version) played a doorman. This version had a more serious tone than the original and a large portion was rewritten, although the majority of the plot and characters remained intact. The film also added a subtext concerning religious faith.

text: In other media[edit]

text: There are four remakes of the movie and a Broadway musical.

text: Radio[edit]

text: Lux Radio Theater broadcast an adaptation in 1947 which starred the original cast including Natalie Wood. In 1948 it was done again on Lux, without Natalie Wood's participation, and it was adapted as a half-hour radio play on two broadcasts of Screen Director's Playhouse, all featuring Edmund Gwenn in his screen role. In these production Kris correctly cites James Monroe as the President for whom Daniel D. Tompkins was the Vice-President.

text: Theatre[edit]

text: A 1963 Broadway musical version, entitled Here's Love, was written by Meredith Willson.

text: The novella was adapted into a stage play by Will Severin, Patricia Di Benedetto Snyder and John Vreeke in 2000. It is a favorite in many community and regional theaters during the Christmas season.[27] The characters' names are those used in the novella, and the stage setting is distinctly late 1940s. Production rights are held by Samuel French, Inc.[28]

text: Television[edit]

text: A 1955 one-hour television adaptation of the movie starred Thomas Mitchell as Kris, Macdonald Carey as Fred, Teresa Wright as Doris, and Sandy Descher as Susan. This version did not show the drunken Santa at all. Titled "The Miracle on 34th Street", it originally aired as an episode of The 20th Century Fox Hour. It was later re-run as "Meet Mr. Kringle".

text: Ed Wynn played Kris in a 1959 television adaptation of the movie. Also featured was Orson Bean. It was broadcast live and in color on NBC the day after Thanksgiving. NBC made a kinescope of the program, probably for broadcasting opening night on the West Coast. The copy was in a large collection of kinescopes donated by NBC to the Library of Congress and recently unearthed by Richard Finegan, who reported his experiences in the December 2005 issue of Classic Images.

text: A 1973 television version featured Jane Alexander, David Hartman, Roddy McDowall, Sebastian Cabot as Kris (without his natural beard; he was forced to shave and wear a false beard for the role), Suzanne Davidson, Jim Backus, David Doyle and Tom Bosley. It was adapted by Jeb Rosebrook from the George Seaton screenplay, and directed by Fielder Cook. Mrs. Walker's first name is changed to Karen in this version. This would prove to be the final version in which the department store was actually Macy's. David Doyle, who played R. H. Macy in this version had played Mr. Sawyer in the original Broadway cast of Here's Love 10 years earlier.

text: Puppets[edit]

text: The flagship Macy's Department Store at Herald Square in New York features a 30-minute puppet version of the story within its Santaland display, featuring the voice talents of Broadway stars Brian Stokes Mitchell and Victoria Clark.

text: Changing character names[edit]

text:
1947
1955
1959
1963 Broadway musical
1973
1994

Doris Walker
Karen Walker
Dorey Walker

Frederick M. Gailey
Bill Schaffner
Bryan Bedford

Kris Kringle

Susan Walker

Cleo

[eliminated]

Drunk Santa

[no name given]

[no name given]
Tony Falacchi

Julian Shellhammer
Mr. Shellhammer
Marvin Shellhammer
Horace Shellhammer
Donald Shellhammer

Mrs. Shellhammer
[eliminated]

Alfred

Alfred
[eliminated]

Granville Sawyer
Dr. Albert Sawyer
Dr. William Sawyer
Dr. Bartholomew Sawyer
Dr. Henry Sawyer
[eliminated]

R. H. Macy
Mr. Macy
R. H. Macy
C. F. Cole

Mr. Gimbel
Victor Landbergh

Dr. Pierce
[eliminated]
Dr. Pierce
[eliminated]

Hon. Henry X. Harper
Hon. Harper
Hon. Martin Group
Hon. Harper
Hon. Henry Harper

Charlie Halloran

Tammany O'Halloran

[eliminated]

Thomas Mara
Mr. Mara
Thomas Mara
Ed Collins

Mrs. Mara
[eliminated]

[eliminated]
Rebecca Collins

Macy's Department Store
Cole's Department Store

Gimbels Department Store
Shopper's Express


document_title: One on One (TV series)

question_text: who sings the theme song for one on one

question_tokens: who sings the theme song for one on one

text: One on One (TV series)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: The show follows the lives of Flex Washington (Alexander) and his teenaged daughter Breanna Barnes (Pratt). The series begins with Breanna wanting to stay with her father, Flex, whom Breanna used to see only two weeks a year. When he blew out his knee during an NBA game, Flex had his communications degree to fall back on (which he revealed in a later episode, he tried three times to get due to failing the class twice) and became a sportscaster. Flex works for the fictional WYNX-TV in Baltimore, resides in the ultimate bachelor pad, and lives the life of luxury. He is a ladies' man who wants to be both a responsible parent and a best friend to Breanna. Flex is very protective of his daughter, especially with boys. He has only had a few serious relationships, one of which was Breanna's mother Nicole Barnes (Tichina Arnold), whom he impregnated at the age of 18. When Nicole takes a job in Nova Scotia, Nicole allows Breanna to live with Flex.

text: Flex's best friend and Breanna's godfather, Duane Odell Knox (Kelly Perine), is a used-car salesman who lives across the hall from Flex and Breanna and is a constant presence in their lives for better or worse. Duane's way with women is the exact opposite of Flex's, in which Duane usually repels women. The women he does date, however, are somewhat unusual. His only serious girlfriend during the series was Candy (Shondrella Avery), whom he dated for two years before getting engaged and later breaking up.

text: Breanna's best friend is Spirit Jones (Sicily Sewell) with whom she creates some mischief. Her other best friend, Arnaz Ballard (Robert Ri'chard), is the object of her on-again, off-again affection. The two were just friends, but Breanna became jealous of Arnaz's old girlfriend, Ginger (Khanya Mkhize). Arnaz became jealous when, in season two, Breanna started dating Josh (Josh Henderson). The two finally became a couple in the later part of the series. They break up during the third season and move on to date other people, though they know they still love each other. The series ends with Arnaz chasing after Michelle (Brandy Norwood), D-Mack's sister, with whom he has fallen in love while Breanna is shown in bed with D-Mack (Ray J).

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Flex Alexander as Flexter Alexander "Flex Washington" Barnes (seasons 1–4; recurring season 5) – Flex was born to Richard and Eunice Barnes and is the oldest of three children. In high school, Flex met Nicole, his first serious girlfriend. Before that, Flex had a reputation with women that caused many fathers in his neighborhood to dislike him. At age 18, Flex got Nicole pregnant as a senior in high school. She gave birth to a baby girl named Breanna. A few years later, Flex and Nicole went their separate ways when Flex pursued a career in the NBA playing for the Los Angeles Clippers. During a game, however, he blew out his knee and was sidelined. Luckily, he had a communications degree to fall back on (which he admitted he tried to get twice) and became a sportscaster in Baltimore for television station WYNX News 3. After his daughter stays over for a weekend, Nicole springs news that she got a job in Nova Scotia and wants to take Breanna with her. Flex unwittingly volunteers to take care of Breanna, though it may hamper his bachelor lifestyle. After his divorce from Nicole, Flex took on a player persona and even had a 30-day rule (not to date a woman for more than 30 days, otherwise it becomes a relationship). He broke that rule when he dated Natalie, Breanna's art teacher, though they broke up a year into the relationship because she did not want to have children of her own, but she wanted to be a good stepmom to Breanna. A year later, he began dating Danielle, a therapist who initially did not want to date Flex because she was Breanna and his therapist. They eventually started dating and later became engaged. Around the same time, his show The Flex Files became syndicated. In season five, the show's premise was revamped and Flex was phased out of the series, but he appeared occasionally as a recurring character. He would fly out to California to visit Breanna and to also make sure Arnaz was not trying to have sex with her.
Kyla Pratt as Breanna Latrice Barnes – Breanna is the daughter of Flex Washington and Nicole Barnes, born when the two were barely out of high school. When Breanna finds out that her mom Nicole got a job in Nova Scotia, Breanna comes up with the idea to have Flex take care of her. During her stay with Flex, her best friend Spirit and she joined the cheerleading squad, which she initially would have never thought to try out for until the head cheerleader taunts her and tries everything she can to keep her from joining. Breanna has had several crushes, including Arnaz, one of her two best friends, who became an on-again/off-again love interest during the series, and in whom she did not show any romantic interest until the end of the first season. Breanna dated Josh, a handsome but dimwitted boy, who became part of a love triangle between Breanna, Josh, and Arnaz. Eventually, Breanna and Arnaz became a couple, only to break up when Josh and Arnaz' ex-girlfriend Ginger came up with a plan to break the two up, in which Breanna caught Ginger kissing Arnaz. During the third season, Arnaz and Breanna seemed to be on the way to getting back together until he revealed he was not a virgin one night when Breanna wanted to lose her virginity to Arnaz to stay popular with the cheerleaders (she did not go through with it after she found out). Then, Breanna decided to remain a virgin until she was ready to have sex, even if it was not until she was married. Breanna also kind of went out with a boy from her school, Nyghtmare, (Nightmyre?), whose real name was Clayton. He was smart, but had a reputation as a bad boy. When Breanna found out, she said something that almost lead to a kiss. Flex saw them and prevented Breanna from seeing him. Nightmare explained to Breanna's dad what was going on, and she could see him again, but he came in before Arnaz could tell her his feelings for her. In the next episode, he was not there; they just had an attraction to each other. By the fourth season, Breanna and Arnaz finally became a couple, but Breanna had to endure jealousy when Charlie, a French girl, joined Arnaz's band as the lead singer. Nothing happened between Arnaz and Charlie, because his heart was with Breanna. In the fourth season's finale, Breanna and Arnaz broke up after Nicole came up with a plot to keep Breanna from making the same mistakes that she made with Flex when they were her age, after Breanna announced she was going to live with Arnaz, and Flex tried to convince Arnaz to let Breanna go to California to attend the California Institute of the Arts. Arnaz ran onto the plane that Breanna was taking to California to tell her he could not live without her. They eventually went to California, where they moved in with four other roommates: Cash, D-Mack, Lisa, and Sara. They broke up again when Arnaz and their roommate D-Mack's sister began getting closer. She started dating Calvin, a manager at McDonald's, only to break up because he thought that her heart was still with Arnaz. Breanna tells Arnaz she still loves him. She is later seen in bed with D-Mack at the end of the series finale episode part two, to whom she loses her virginity.
Robert Ri'chard as Arnaz Leroy Ballard – Arnaz is an aspiring rock star and was born to a Caucasian mother and an African-American father, who left his mother and owns a crab restaurant (this is seen when Arnaz's parents are shown later in the series, but this contradicted a reference in the season-one episode "The Case of the Almost Broken Heart", in which Breanna stated that Arnaz's father was Caucasian and his mother was of mixed African-American, Jamaican, and Chinese descent). Arnaz had his own rock band called Zanra (which is his name spelled backwards). Arnaz had a massive crush on Breanna when they met, and would stop at nothing to impress her. Towards the end of season one, however, as he got her attention, his attention turned to Ginger, who became Breanna's rival. After Ginger and he broke up, Arnaz attempted to get Breanna back, but Breanna was dating Josh at the time. One Christmas, Breanna was given a half-heart pendant by Arnaz, who kept half of the pendant to show he would always keep Breanna close to his heart. In the fourth-season premiere, Arnaz, Breanna, and Spirit ran off to New York to pursue their dreams (Breanna acting, Arnaz playing guitar, and Spirit designing). After three years of a "will they or won't they" situation between them, Arnaz and Breanna became a couple in the fourth season. A year later, Arnaz and Breanna's relationship hit the skids when their roommate D-Mack's sister Michelle (Brandy Norwood) visited, and eventually Arnaz and Michelle became close friends. One night, the two fell asleep on the couch, Michelle fully clothed and Arnaz wearing pants but no shirt. Breanna and their roommates, Sara, D-Mack, Lisa, and Cash, walked in after returning from a party in Mexico and saw them. Though they had not done anything intimate, Breanna and Arnaz broke up. Eventually, Michelle and Arnaz did get together, but they went their separate ways after Michelle realized Arnaz's heart was still with Breanna. He thought differently, so he borrowed Breanna's car (with permission) and chased Michelle to the mountains. However, since the series did not make it to a sixth season, whether Breanna and Arnaz would eventually get back together remained undetermined .
Sicily as Cloteal "Spirit" Freedom Jones (seasons 1–4) – Spirit is the daughter of Leilani and Cooper Jones, former hippies who run an incense shop. Spirit knew Arnaz since they were younger kids and became best friends with Breanna. Spirit has an unusual fashion sense, which has given her the distinction of being the "Black Blossom Russo." In one episode, Spirit was revealed to have once kissed Arnaz in a game of spin the bottle. The secret angered Breanna because she liked Arnaz, but the two friends apologized for the situation, as Breanna realized that Spirit was one of her few true friends. A running gag in the series is how Spirit never has a boyfriend. This changed in the fourth season when Spirit started dating A-Train (Lloyd), Arnaz's rival in a battle of the bands contest. Their relationship strained Arnaz and hers for a little while, but eventually they mended fences. The character was written out of the series for season five. The character of Spirit is claimed to be the influence of the character of Dijonay Jones from Disney's The Proud Family in which Kyla Pratt (Breanna) voices the main character, Penny Proud.
Kelly Perine as Duane Odell Knox (seasons 1–4) – Duane is a used-car salesman for Big Sal's Used Cars, who lived up to the stereotype that car salesmen cheat their customers. As he says in the episode "Playing Possum", he "eats sleaze for breakfast and washes it down with a tall glass of dishonesty." Duane was Flex's best friend since they were kids. Duane had lived in his mother's basement well into his 30s, eventually moving into an apartment across the hall from Flex. He had an on-again/off-again relationship with Candace Taylor (known as Candy), a manicurist at Flex's father's barbershop Phatheadz. They first broke up after Duane lied to her about losing his job at Big Sal's. They later became engaged, but eventually broke off the engagement. When Duane found out he had a serious health problem (high cholesterol), he needed to contact his father, since his high cholesterol might be hereditary. He met his father, Vaughn Odell Knox (Smokey Robinson) after months of searching for him. Not long after, Vaughn asked Duane for a kidney, which turned out to be for Duane's half-brother Dwayne (Orlando Brown). After losing his car-salesman job, he started his own business, D's Dubs and Subs, which was a cross between a sandwich shop and a custom auto parts shop. Throughout the series, Duane always wore a hat, because, when they were kids, Flex's brother Kevin made a mistake while practicing his barbering skills on Duane, which never healed; this was revealed in the episode "Phatheadz". The character was written out of the series for season five.
Camille Mana as Lisa Sanchez (season 5) – The character of Lisa Sanchez was introduced at the start of season five. Lisa is one of the four roommates with whom Breanna and Arnaz live when they move to California. Other than her roommates, she is somewhat overlooked by people, such as D-Mack's sister Michelle, who does not remember her at all, though she lived with D-Mack. Lisa has had a long-standing crush on D-Mack, though he takes no interest in her. She eventually dates Benjamin, the sweet, nerdy manager of the BLOG, a restaurant hangout where Arnaz works.
Jonathan Chase as Cash Bagan (season 5) – Cash is another of Breanna and Arnaz's roommates. Cash considers himself a filmmaker, but works as a paparazzo to make money. Since the apartment has only two bedrooms, Arnaz is initially alarmed at the idea of sharing a room with Cash and D-Mack, but before long, the three become friends. Throughout the season, Cash chases women, and while he is not as lucky as he would like to be, he is more successful in his endeavors than D-Mack or Arnaz. At the end of one episode, in an amusing mirror of roommate Sara's usual behavior, Cash uses his toned body to entice a female hotel manager out of making them pay their bill.
Ray J as Darrell "D-Mack" McGinty (season 5) – The character of Darrell McGinty, nicknamed "D-Mack", was introduced as one of the four roommates. D-Mack has a hip-hop persona, although his lifestyle as a Malibu rich kid comes out at times. He used his sister Michelle (Brandy Norwood) to become close to Arnaz, so he could date Breanna, but without success. He becomes upset to find out his sister and Arnaz are going behind everyone's back sneaking around together. Meanwhile, Michelle leaves Arnaz. He leaves, going after her to the mountains, leaving D-Mack and Breanna as the only ones left in the house. He questions her about being free, then unexpectedly kisses her. Later, Sara comes back to find them sleeping together in Breanna's bed. She panics, then leaves. The season is left with them together in bed.
Nicole Paggi as Sara Crawford (season 5) – Sara is also one of the roommates and is the sexpot girl-next-door of the house. Sara is considered a golddigger, and dreams of being a trophy wife, since she grew up in a trailer park in Iowa. In the last episode, she dated Andrew, whom she met while Lisa and she accompanied Breanna to a clinic to get information on contraceptives (Breanna was prepared to have sex with Arnaz just to keep him from straying from her, but she never did), but his need to get to know Sara before having sex with her tired her to the point where she gave up on him. Her passiveness turned him on, but the next night, Sara caught Andrew with another woman.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Ron Canada as Richard, Flex's father (seasons 1–3)
Joan Pringle as Eunice, Flex's mother (seasons 1–3)
Tamala Jones as Tanya, an old girlfriend of Flex's (seasons 1 and 4)
Tichina Arnold as Nicole, Flex's ex-wife and Breanna's mother (seasons 1–4)
Holly Robinson Peete as Stacy Morgan, Flex's co-worker (season 1)
Jenny McCarthy as Holly Spears, Flex's co-host (season 3)
Khanya Mkhize as Ginger, Breanna's rival and Arnaz's former girlfriend (seasons 1–3)
Omar Gooding as Malik, a barber at Phatheadz (seasons 2–3)
Rashaan Nall as Walt, a barber at Phatheadz (seasons 2–4)
Laz Alonso as Manny, a barber at Phatheadz (seasons 2–3)
Shondrella as Candy, a nail stylist at Phatheadz and love interest for Duane (seasons 2–4)
Melissa De Sousa as Natalie Odessa, Breanna's teacher who later dates Flex (seasons 2–3)
Josh Henderson as Josh McEntire, Breanna's new love interest after her break-up with Arnaz (seasons 2–3)
Kim Coles as Leilani Jones, Spirit's mother (easons 2–4)
Edward "Grapevine" Fordham, Jr. as Ace Fields, a new barber at Phatheadz (seasons 2–3).
Saskia Garel as Danielle, Flex's best friend and therapist, later girlfriend, then wife (season 4; guest season 5)
Lloyd as A-Train (season 4)
Kel Mitchell as Manny Sellers, the former child actor and Breanna's landlord (season 5)
Ernie Grunwald as Benjamin (season 5)
Brandy Norwood as Michelle, D-Mack's sister (season 5)

text: Notable guest stars[edit]

text: Season 1

text: Alfonso Ribeiro (as Lenny) – season one, "Me & My Shadow"

text: Season 2

text: Season 3

text:
Angie Stone (as herself) – season 3, "It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad Hip Hop World"
Anthony Hamilton (as himself) – season 3, "Dream Seller"
Avant (as himself) – season 3, "It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad Hip Hop World"
Eve (as a waitress) – season 3, "It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad Hip Hop World"
Floetry (as themselves) – season 3, "It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad Hip Hop World"
Lil' Romeo (as Eric) – season 3, "Spy Games"
Omarion (as Nyghtmare) – season 3, "East Meets East Coast"
Orlando Brown (as Dewane) – season 3, "He's Not Heavy, He's My Half-Brother"
Ruben Studdard (as himself) – season 3, "The Catch"
Solange Knowles (as Charlotte) – season 3, "The Catch"
Smokey Robinson (as Vaughn Odell Knox) – season 3
Edwin C. Morrow (as Johnny Bullbank) – season 3, "Bright Lights, Big City", "The Play's the Thing"
Ashlie Brillault (as Regina) – season 3, "Keeping It"

text: Season 4

text: Nina Sky (as themselves) – season 4, "Daddy's Home"

text: Season 5

text:
Chris Brown (as himself) – season 5, "Recipe for Disaster"
Bobby V (as himself) – season 5, "Waiting for Huffman"
Tessie Santiago Hannah – season 5, "I Love LA Part 2"
Beth Littleford
Carmen Electra
Charlie Murphy
Chingy
Christine Lakin
Clyde Kusatsu
Common
Countess Vaughn
Curtis Armstrong
Darius Miles
David Faustino
Destiny's Child
Duane Martin
Emmanuel Lewis
Fatlip
Gary Hall, Jr.
Hal Sparks
Hayden Panettiere
Haylie Duff
India.Arie
Jackée Harry
Jason Earles
Jennifer Freeman
Jennifer Lopez
Jenny McCarthy
Judge Joe Brown
Kim Fields
Kindred the Family Soul
La La Vasquez
Laila Ali
Lil' Zane
Lisa Leslie
Lloyd Polite
Loon
Mehcad Brooks
Mablean Ephriam
Maria Menounos
Mario
Marques Houston
Method Man
Natasha Bedingfield
Nate Dogg
New Edition
Nina Sky
Paul Wight
Queen Latifah
Quentin Richardson
Reagan Gomez-Preston
Robin Givens
Ron Canada
Shanice
Shannon Elizabeth
Slum Village
Stuart Scott
TLC
Tichina Arnold
Tisha Campbell-Martin
Vanessa Bell Calloway
Wendy Worthington

text: Theme song and opening sequence[edit]

text: The show's theme song "Living One on One", was written and performed by Shanice (wife of the series star Flex Alexander) and Tonex with music composed by Jonathan Wolff and Becky Kneubuhl (who composed the scene-change music for the first season). The theme song was slightly shortened and remixed by Detail and Ray J for the show's fifth season. A truncated version of the theme stripped of all lyrics except the words "One on One", was used as a closing theme, heard only in syndicated airings.

text: The opening titles for the first three seasons featured the cast playing basketball on an outdoor court (though it also showed some characters doing other things at that same setting, e.g., Spirit checking out a boy who walks past her, and Arnaz playing the guitar only to be interrupted by a basketball bouncing in his direction that fell out of Duane's hand and he chases him). The fourth-season opening titles featured the cast in a dressing room getting ready for a night on the town, the end of the sequence featured a pan shot of the cast wearing different outfits in the mirror from what they are wearing in the beginning of the pan shot. The opening sequences for the first four seasons included a closeup shot of Flex, Breanna, and Arnaz before cutting back to a shot of the entire cast. The final season's opening titles featured the main cast (Breanna, Arnaz, and new characters D-Mack, Sara, Cash, and Lisa) at various places at the Venice Beach Boardwalk, before meeting back at the beach house to take a picture together.

text: Nielsen ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Premiere
Season finale
Viewers
(in millions)
Rank

1
2001–2002
22
September 3, 2001
May 20, 2002
4.1[1]
#132[1]

2
2002–2003
23
September 23, 2002
May 19, 2003
4.16[2]
#141[2]

3
2003–2004
24
September 16, 2003
May 25, 2004
2.94[3]
#184[3]

4
2004–2005
22
September 20, 2004
May 23, 2005
3.1[4]
#147[4]

5
2005–2006
22
September 19, 2005
May 15, 2006
2.8[5]
#139[5]

text: Syndication[edit]

text: One On One began airing in syndication in September 2005, shortly after the fifth series premiere episode aired; Paramount Domestic Television held the distribution rights to the series for the first year of its syndication run, CBS Paramount Domestic Television also held the distribution rights to the series for the second year of its syndication run. CBS Television Distribution has been the series distributor since September 2007.

text: In the United States, One on One was broadcast on various local television stations (mostly Fox, The WB, and UPN affiliates) from September 2005 to September 2009. The series originally began airing on The N in October 2005, when the channel was a timeshare service of Noggin, then carried over when The N took over the channel space of Nickelodeon Games and Sports in December 2007 and ran until October 2008; it rejoined the channel's lineup on September 14, 2009, and was moved to the rebranded TeenNick on September 28, 2009, and aired in two-hour blocks in the morning and late-night hours before being removed from TeenNick's line-up in early 2011.

text: The series began airing on BET in 2009, airing in two one-hour blocks (one weekday mornings and one in the afternoon), as well as Saturday telecasts.

text: International airings[edit]

text: Internationally, One on One is broadcast in Canada on BET and local affiliates; on Nine Network in Australia; on SABC1 in South Africa and in the Middle East on the Paramount Comedy Channel in the Middle East (however, the fifth season has yet to be aired in its entirety on Paramount Comedy). The series is broadcast across the African continent on Sony Entertainment Channel via the South African Cable Network DSTV.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: BET Comedy Awards

text: Image Awards

text: Prism Awards