document_title: List of RWBY episodes

question_text: when is rwby volume 5 chapter 12 coming out

text: List of RWBY episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
16
July 18, 2013 (2013-07-18)
November 7, 2013 (2013-11-07)

2
12
July 24, 2014 (2014-07-24)
October 30, 2014 (2014-10-30)

3
12
October 24, 2015 (2015-10-24)
February 13, 2016 (2016-02-13)

4
12
October 22, 2016 (2016-10-22)
February 4, 2017 (2017-02-04)

5
14
October 14, 2017 (2017-10-14)
January 20, 2018 (2018-01-20)

text: Trailers[edit]

text: Before the premiere of Volume 1, four trailers were released: the "Red", "White", "Black", and "Yellow" trailer, each focusing on one of the series' protagonists. They are a prelude to the main story and act as an introduction to both the main characters and world of RWBY.

tag: p

text:
No.
overall
No. in trailer
Title
Length
Release date

P1
1
"Red Trailer"
3:30
November 7, 2012 (2012-11-07)

Ruby visits the gravestone of her mother, Summer Rose, on a snowy cliff. Later, she encounters a pack of Grimm Beowolves in a clearing. Ruby engages the monsters in combat, defeating and killing all of them.

P2
2
"White Trailer"
3:48
February 14, 2013 (2013-02-14)

Weiss performs a song in a concert hall. The performance of the song is merged with another scene, in which she fights a giant white suit of armor in combat. Despite sustaining an injury to her left eye, she is able to defeat it.

P3
3
"Black Trailer"
5:18
March 22, 2013 (2013-03-22)

Blake and Adam invade a train and attack its security robots. Adam's cold behavior startles Blake, and after a fight with a spider robot, she separates their train compartments, leaving him.

P4
4
"Yellow Trailer"
5:45
June 1, 2013 (2013-06-01)

At a night club, Yang interrogates the club owner, Junior about the whereabouts of a woman. Junior attacks her with his henchmen, including two young women, Melanie and Miltia. Yang manages to defeat all of them, flying into a rage when Junior activates her Semblance. Yang exits the club and finds her sister, Ruby.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Volume 1 (2013)[edit]

text: Volume 1 was released between July 18 and November 7, 2013.[2][3] Chapters premiered to the public Thursdays at 7 pm Central Standard Time (UTC-6) on the Rooster Teeth website and were released two hours early for "sponsors".[4] They were uploaded to YouTube a week later. Crunchyroll announced on August 16, 2013, that RWBY would be simulcast on the video streaming site.[5]

text:
No.
overall
Chapter
Title
Length
Release date

1
1
"Ruby Rose"
12:21
July 18, 2013 (2013-07-18)

Ruby Rose stops a robbery at a Dust shop and, during a fight with Roman Torchwick, she is saved by Glynda Goodwitch. Goodwitch introduces her to the headmaster of Beacon Academy, Professor Ozpin. Impressed, Ozpin allows her to enroll in Beacon Academy despite her age.

2
2
"The Shining Beacon"
6:15
July 25, 2013 (2013-07-25)

On her first day of school, Ruby gets off to a bad start with Weiss Schnee, after knocking over her luggage and causing an explosion with dust. Among others, she also meets Blake Belladonna and Jaune Arc.

3
3
"The Shining Beacon, Part 2"
6:39
August 1, 2013 (2013-08-01)

Ruby becomes concerned about making new friends during the initiation the next day, while Yang tries to help her befriend Blake.

4
4
"The First Step"
7:36
August 8, 2013 (2013-08-08)

The next morning, the students prepare for their initiation and are tasked to return with a relic found in the forest.

5
5
"The First Step, Part 2"
4:30
August 15, 2013 (2013-08-15)

During initiation, the students choose their partners. Ruby and Weiss are paired together, as with Jaune with Pyrrha.

6
6
"The Emerald Forest"
7:14
August 22, 2013 (2013-08-22)

As the initiation continues, Pyrrha teaches Jaune about Aura and Ren fights a King Taijitu, a snake-type Grimm. Yang and Blake are paired together, as with Nora and Ren.

7
7
"The Emerald Forest, Part 2"
4:47
August 29, 2013 (2013-08-29)

Ruby and Weiss get into an argument, while Yang and Blake have found the relics. Jaune and Pyrrha are attacked by a Deathstalker, a scorpion type Grimm, which chases them into the temple.

8
8
"Players and Pieces"
13:45
September 5, 2013 (2013-09-05)

As the eight students reunite at the temple, they are all attacked by Grimm. Jaune, Nora, Pyrrha and Ren team up to take down the Deathstalker, while Ruby, Weiss, Blake and Yang combine to kill the Nevermore. Back at Beacon, Ozpin forms the new teams, including Team CRDL, JNPR (with Jaune as the leader) and RWBY (with Ruby as the leader).

9
9
"The Badge and The Burden"
5:31
September 12, 2013 (2013-09-12)

The morning after the initiation, Team RWBY decorate their room and attend their first classes. Weiss becomes infuriated when she sees Ruby goofing around in class, feeling that she is not serious about being a Huntress.

10
10
"The Badge and The Burden, Part 2"
6:58
September 19, 2013 (2013-09-19)

Weiss defeats a Boarbatusk, a boar-type Grimm, for Port's class demonstration, with the help of Ruby's advice. After class, the two become wrapped up in an argument over Ruby's qualifications as a leader. Ozpin advises Ruby to be more responsible, while Port tells Weiss to be more humble. Under their advice, Ruby and Weiss put aside their differences.

11
11
"Jaunedice"
4:50
September 26, 2013 (2013-09-26)

As the Vytal Festival Tournament draws near, Jaune becomes bullied by Team CRDL's leader, Cardin.

12
12
"Jaunedice, Part 2"
7:25
October 3, 2013 (2013-10-03)

Cardin continues to bully Jaune as the class discusses racism towards Faunus and the White Fang. Jaune admits to Pyrrha that he enrolled in Beacon Academy using fake transcripts, which Cardin overhears.

13
13
"Forever Fall"
6:09
October 10, 2013 (2013-10-10)

During the class' field trip to Forever Fall Forest, Cardin blackmails Jaune into doing Team CRDL's assignment and forces him into execute revenge on Pyrrha for retaliating against him in class. Having had enough, Jaune stands up to him.

14
14
"Forever Fall, Part 2"
6:08
October 17, 2013 (2013-10-17)

While beating up Jaune, Team CRDL is attacked by an Ursa. Jaune helps Cardin by defeating the Ursa, aided by Pyrrha's Semblance, and tells him to leave him alone from now on. He makes amends with Pyrrha.

15
15
"The Stray"
10:41
October 31, 2013 (2013-10-31)

As they prepare for the Vytal Festival Tournament, Team RWBY meets a strange girl named Penny. Weiss and Blake get into a heated argument over the Faunus and the White Fang. When Blake accidentally reveals that she is a Faunus, she runs away with Sun, a monkey Faunus she encountered earlier at the docks, in fear of rejection.

16
16
"Black and White"
15:30
November 7, 2013 (2013-11-07)

Blake reveals her past as a former White Fang member to Sun, and they discover that the White Fang work for Torchwick during a stakeout. Ruby and Penny arrive and defeat the White Fang as Torchwick escapes. After the fight, Weiss and Blake make amends. Penny, without anyone noticing, is taken by her father. Ozpin gets an alarming text message from Qrow, who warns him of an impending danger.
In a post-credits scene, Torchwick is visited by his superior, Cinder, and two of her associates.

text: Volume 2 (2014)[edit]

text: Volume 2 premiered on July 24, 2014, following an exclusive screening of Chapter 1 at RTX on July 4, 2014.[6] The weekly release date and time for new chapters were the same as for Volume 1. The Volume concluded on October 30, 2014.

text:
No.
overall
Chapter
Title
Length
Original air date

17
1
"Best Day Ever"
14:43
July 24, 2014 (2014-07-24)

Emerald and Mercury, Cinder's associates, assassinate Tukson for leaving the White Fang. Meanwhile, Sun prepares to introduce his teammate Neptune to Team RWBY. In the dining hall, Nora accidentally starts a large-scale food fight between Teams RWBY and JNPR, which Ruby wins for her team. Ozpin stops Glynda from reprimanding them and says that they might not be able to enjoy themselves for long.

18
2
"Welcome to Beacon"
13:14
July 31, 2014 (2014-07-31)

General James Ironwood, head of the Atlas military and Academy, arrives at Beacon with several military airships in tow, which Ozpin fears will alarm the citizens. Meanwhile, Blake begins to open up to her teammates, concerned about the enemies and admitting that they are not ready to stop them. Ruby decides that their team should investigate for any leads on possible future attacks. At the same time, Cinder, Emerald and Mercury have infiltrated Beacon as students from Haven Academy.

19
3
"A Minor Hiccup"
12:35
August 7, 2014 (2014-08-07)

To find clues on the enemies' next move, Ruby and Weiss investigate the Schnee Dust Company files for robberies; Blake and Sun spy on a White Fang recruitment rally; and Yang and Neptune broker with Junior for information. During Ruby and Weiss' investigation, Ruby follows Penny, who is hiding from Ironwood and the Atlas soldiers. After the soldiers give chase, Penny saves Ruby from getting hit by a truck, revealing that she is a robot.

20
4
"Painting The Town..."
16:19
August 14, 2014 (2014-08-14)

Penny reveals herself to be the first synthetic person capable of generating an Aura, and Ruby accepts this. Meanwhile, Blake and Sun discover that Torchwick is at the White Fang rally, encouraging the Faunus to work with him. He unveils a stolen Paladin and uses it to pursue Blake and Sun after recognizing them. Team RWBY is able to destroy the Paladin, but Torchwick escapes with his accomplice, Neopolitan.

21
5
"Extracurricular"
12:41
August 28, 2014 (2014-08-28)

Team RWBY compiles information from their investigation and deduces that the White Fang is carrying out their activities in Vale's southeast territory. In between this, the students are also preparing for the Vytal Tournament Festival Ball, but Blake is focused on their mission and Weiss rejects Jaune's invitation. In the dorms, Mercury reveals he used the practice match to analyze Pyrrha's fighting abilities, and Cinder decides to include her as a pawn in her plan.

22
6
"Burning the Candle"
13:09
September 4, 2014 (2014-09-04)

Blake exhausts herself in her research for Torchwick and the White Fang, worrying her teammates. Yang confronts Blake about her obsession by confiding in her an incident in her childhood where she nearly causes Ruby and herself to get killed over a dangerous journey to look for her missing mother. Blake heeds Yang's advice and attends the tournament ball.

23
7
"Dance Dance Infiltration"
14:49
September 11, 2014 (2014-09-11)

During the Vytal Tournament Festival Ball, Jaune reconciles his friendship with Pyrrha and gets over his insecurities. Meanwhile, a disguised Cinder infiltrates the CCT tower and plants a virus in the central computer. She flees before Ruby and Ironwood uncover her identity, her mission successful.

24
8
"Field Trip"
12:13
September 25, 2014 (2014-09-25)

Ruby is questioned about the intruder in Ozpin's office and links her to Torchwick and the White Fang. Afterwards, the first year students gather for their first mission: shadowing a professional Huntsmen or Huntress on an assignment. Team RWBY volunteers for an assignment southeast that is off-limits for first years, but Ozpin allows them to accept it. Outside, Team RWBY discovers that the Huntsman they are shadowing is Professor Oobleck.

25
9
"Search and Destroy"
15:49
October 2, 2014 (2014-10-02)

Oobleck takes Team RWBY to Mountain Glenn for their mission and questions each of them why they decided to become Huntresses.

26
10
"Mountain Glenn"
12:55
October 9, 2014 (2014-10-09)

As Team RWBY mulls over their motives of becoming Huntresses, Ruby discovers White Fang members patrolling the area. She falls into an underground city with secret tunnels to Vale, where she is subdued by the Faunus and brought before Torchwick.

27
11
"No Brakes"
16:45
October 23, 2014 (2014-10-23)

Ruby's teammates and Oobleck rescue her, but Torchwick's train begins to take off to the city, using bombs to destroy the cave and allowing the Grimm to follow them. As Team RWBY threads through the train to stop it, they are unsuccessful. The train crashes into the city, where the Grimm emerge and begin to attack.

28
12
"Breach"
17:55
October 30, 2014 (2014-10-30)

Team RWBY successfully fights off hordes of Grimm with their friends, classmates, and teachers. Torchwick is arrested, but Adam arrives, ready to continue Cinder's plans.
In a post-credits scene, Yang encounters Raven, who takes off her mask and reveals a startling resemblance to her.

text: Volume 3 (2015-16)[edit]

text: Volume 3 was confirmed at the Rooster Teeth panel at PAX Prime 2014, where creator and director Monty Oum stated that he planned to go into development of the next Volume right after he was done with Volume 2. The release of Volume 3 was postponed because of Oum's sudden passing in early 2015.[7] Weeks later, producer Gray Haddock announced that the series would continue, with Volume 3 premiering in 2015.[8] Chapter 1 was released for "sponsors" only on October 24, 2015, followed by the release on YouTube the following day.[9] Starting with Volume 3, the release day for new Chapters was changed from Thursday to Saturday, with a new release time of 10 am CST.[10] Before the release of Chapter 7, Gray Haddock announced that from this point on, RWBY would be incorporating darker and more mature elements to the story. He advised those responsible "for a very young viewer" to watch the episodes before deciding if they want to show them to a child, thus more or less changing the rating for the series.[11] Volume 3 concluded on February 13, 2016.

text:
No.
overall
Chapter
Title
Length
Original air date

29
1
"Round One"
17:03
October 24, 2015 (2015-10-24)

In the Vytal Festival Tournament, Team RWBY wins their first round against Haven's Team ABRN. Victorious, the girls visit the festival fairgrounds for lunch.

30
2
"New Challengers..."
14:36
October 31, 2015 (2015-10-31)

Team JNPR fight against Shade's Team BRNZ and defeat them after a rocky start. Later, Team SSSN of Haven, Sun and Neptune's team, against Shade's all-female Team NDGO. Despite Neptune's fear of water, Team NDGO is defeated as well.

31
3
"It's Brawl in the Family"
16:34
November 14, 2015 (2015-11-14)

Weiss is excited to see her stern older sister Winter, who arrived with the airship. Qrow provokes Winter into a fight, which is later stopped by Ozpin and Ironwood. In private, Qrow reports that the festival has been infiltrated. Meanwhile, Cinder hacks into Ironwood's scroll and sets up Mercury and Emerald against Team CFVY's Coco and Yatsuhashi.

32
4
"Lessons Learned"
14:21
November 28, 2015 (2015-11-28)

Emerald and Mercury easily defeat Coco and Yatsuhashi in their fight. Afterwards, Qrow is suspicious about the fact that violence and crime in Vale stopped after Torchwick's arrest and warns Ruby and Yang that danger is imminent. At the same time, Winter trains Weiss on developing her summoning ability. As Weiss and Winter part ways, both are unaware that Weiss summoned a small white sword.

33
5
"Never Miss a Beat"
13:08
December 5, 2015 (2015-12-05)

Penny and Ciel Soleil win their doubles fight against Team CRDL. Afterwards, Weiss and Yang are up against Flynt Coal and Neon Katt from Atlas' Team FNKI. They defeat both opponents, gaining their respect. In the dorms, Cinder discovers Penny's structural designs among the data stolen from Ironwood's scroll. Meanwhile, Qrow and Ozpin nominate Pyrrha as a candidate for their "guardian."

34
6
"Fall"
18:20
December 12, 2015 (2015-12-12)

Pyrrha is faced with the decision to accept the Fall Maiden's Aura and powers, a process that could fail or make her lose her identity. Meanwhile, the Vytal Festival Tournament proceeds to its singles match, with Yang and Mercury fighting in the first round. Yang wins, but Emerald uses her Semblance to trick her into attacking a defenseless Mercury. The audience becomes angry and the Grimm outside Vale stir from the negative emotions.

35
7
"Beginning of the End"
17:01
January 2, 2016 (2016-01-02)

In a flashback, Cinder recruits Emerald and Mercury. Later, they ambush the Fall Maiden, Amber, using Emerald's Semblance to lure her in. Qrow intervenes, but Cinder is successful in stealing half of her powers. With her new abilities, Cinder forces the White Fang to cooperate. In the present, Emerald, Cinder and Neo fly Mercury out of Amity Colosseum, revealing that Mercury was never injured from Yang's attack due to his prosthetic legs.

36
8
"Destiny"
17:38
January 9, 2016 (2016-01-09)

Yang is disqualified from the tournament, while Pyrrha remains conflicted about Ozpin's offer. Jaune indirectly encourages to go through with becoming the Fall Maiden, causing her to be upset. On her way to the arena, Ruby meets Velvet, who remembers that Coco had a similar hallucination to Yang. Ruby becomes suspicious when she spots Emerald in the arena, but before she is able to reach her, she is confronted by Mercury.

37
9
"PvP"
12:28
January 16, 2016 (2016-01-16)

During Pyrrha and Penny's match, Emerald uses her Semblance on Pyrrha, causing her inadvertently to tear Penny apart. Everyone is horrified, and Cinder takes control over the computers to blame all incidents on Ozpin and Ironwood in a public broadcast. The negative emotions of the people are amplified, causing hordes of Grimm to attack Beacon Academy. Neo breaks Torchwick out of prison and they gain control of Ironwood's flagship. Meanwhile, Adam and the White Fang arrive at Beacon.

38
10
"Battle of Beacon"
16:35
January 30, 2016 (2016-01-30)

As the Grimm attack continues, Ruby gains the support of the other teams from the school to fight as the Huntsmen teachers also fend off the Grimm in various locations. Torchwick uploads Cinder's virus on Ironwood's flagship, seizing control of Atlesian androids and Paladins. A giant Grimm dragon bursts out of Mountain Glenn and flies towards Beacon, spawning more Grimm onto the battlefield. While Cinder has her associates broadcast the wreckage, she follows Ozpin, Pyrrha, and Jaune back into the tower.

39
11
"Heroes and Monsters"
17:21
February 6, 2016 (2016-02-06)

Ruby fights Neo and Torchwick. Neo is thrown off the ship, and Torchwick is devoured by a Grimm. As the rest of the students fight the Paladins at school, Velvet uses her Semblance while Weiss summons the sword-arm of an Armored Knight. Meanwhile, Adam punishes Blake for her "betrayal" by destroying everything she loves, starting with cutting off Yang's arm. In the vault, Ozpin starts to transfer Amber's powers into Pyrrha, but Cinder kills Amber before the process is completed, stealing her remaining powers.

40
12
"End of the Beginning"
28:05
February 13, 2016 (2016-02-13)

Cinder overpowers Ozpin and kills Pyrrha. Ruby, who witnesses this, unleashes white light from her eyes that engulfs Cinder and the dragon. When Ruby wakes up, Qrow explains that her unexpected ability comes being from a line of rare and powerful silver-eyed warriors, like her mother. With the CCT tower destroyed, civilians have lost trust in the kingdoms, while Ruby no longer has the support of her team. As winter falls, Ruby, Jaune, Nora and Ren travel to Haven, where Qrow suspects Cinder will attack next. The narrator, Salem, reveals herself as the true mastermind behind the Fall of Beacon.
In a post-credits scene, Qrow follows Ruby and her friends under the guise of a crow.

text: Volume 4 (2016-17)[edit]

text: Volume 4 was announced by Gray Haddock on April 1, 2016, with the premiere set for Fall 2016.[12] Before the Volume officially began, the "Volume 4 Character Short" was screened at RTX 2016 and was later released online on October 3, 2016, the first "trailer" since Volume 1 to include a unique part of the story. Chapter 1 premiered on October 22, 2016 for Rooster Teeth "First members" (formerly "sponsors"), 24 hours later for members of the Rooster Teeth website, and one week later for the general public on YouTube. Weekly release day and time were the same as for Volume 3. This release schedule was continued throughout the Volume, which concluded on February 4, 2017.

text: Volume 4 picks up about six to eight months after the Fall of Beacon in Volume 3's finale and is the first series produced on Autodesk Maya after transitioning from Poser.

text:
No.
overall
Chapter
Title
Length
Release date

P5
0
"Volume 4 Character Short"
5:10
October 3, 2016 (2016-10-03)

At night, Ruby finds a small village in the distance under attack by Grimm. After defeating them, including the gorilla-type Beringel, she receives a call from Jaune, Nora and Ren and asks them to hurry to her side as more Grimm emerge.

41
1
"The Next Step"
19:51
October 22, 2016 (2016-10-22)

Salem targets Haven Academy in Mistral next. While Cinder stays with Salem for rehabilitation, Watts is ordered to meet with a correspondent in Mistral, Hazel to meet with Adam, and Tyrian to apprehend Ruby. Meanwhile, Ruby, Nora, Jaune and Ren, now known as Team RNJR, fight a Geist threatening a nearby village. As part of the reward, the village's blacksmith upgrades Jaune's armor and weapons with metal from Pyrrha's armor. The group leaves for Shion Village, hoping to catch an airship to Haven Academy.

42
2
"Remembrance"
14:20
October 29, 2016 (2016-10-29)

Jacques Schnee forces Weiss to agree to perform at a charity event, which he hosts to boost the company image after the Fall of Beacon. In Mistral, Team RNJR reaches Shion Village, but finds it destroyed and the villagers dead. A mortally wounded Huntsman reveals that bandits, followed up by Grimm, are responsible.

43
3
"Of Runaways and Stowaways"
18:17
November 5, 2016 (2016-11-05)

Blake travels to Menagerie on a ship, which falls under the attack of a Grimm. She defeats it with the help of Sun, who secretly followed her after Beacon was destroyed. He offers her assistance in investigating the White Fang, but Blake, however, wants to return home to rest. In Patch, Yang is given a bionic arm from Ironwood, but she is hesitant to try it on, still suffering from her memories of Adam.

44
4
"Family"
16:28
November 19, 2016 (2016-11-19)

Ozpin, who is still alive, emerges and communicates with a young farmboy, Oscar Pine. In Patch, Yang confides her reluctance in confronting her fears in Taiyang, as well as Port and Oobleck, who are visiting. Gaining resolve to fight, Yang attaches her arm and begins to train with Taiyang. At the nearby tavern, Qrow meets his twin sister, Raven, now the leader of the bandit tribe that raised her and Qrow. The two end up criticizing each other for abandoning their families, and Raven leaves.

45
5
"Menagerie"
12:38
December 3, 2016 (2016-12-03)

Blake and Sun arrive in Kuo Kuana, the main city of Menagerie. Two representatives of the White Fang, Corsac and Fennec Albain, visit the Belladonnas, and when confronted about the White Fang's role in the Fall of Beacon, the Albains state that a splinter group under Adam's lead is responsible. After their visit, Corsac and Fennec agree to inform Adam of Blake's homecoming.

46
6
"Tipping Point"
16:23
December 10, 2016 (2016-12-10)

Weiss performs at the charity concert but remains critical of all the attendees and guests for their shallow and dismissive behavior towards Beacon. At the after party, she is enraged upon hearing a woman mock the Fall of Beacon and inadvertently summons a Boarbatusk. In Mistral, Team RNJR comes across an abandoned town called Oniyuri. Before they can leave, Tyrian ambushes them and is revealed to be a scorpion Faunus. He easily defeats them but is stopped in time by Qrow.

47
7
"Punished"
16:44
December 24, 2016 (2016-12-24)

Ozpin informs Oscar that their souls and Aura have merged and they can access each other's memories. While Oscar is reluctant to accept this, Ozpin urges him to go to Mistral to carry out an important task. In Atlas, Weiss is blamed for hurting the Schnees' reputation and, as a result, is confined her to her room and disinherited. In Oniyuri, despite Qrow's warnings to stay back, Ruby joins him in battle. Tyrian grazes him with his stinger. Ruby cuts off the stinger, forcing Tyrian to retreat.

48
8
"A Much Needed Talk"
20:38
December 31, 2016 (2016-12-31)

At nightfall, Qrow explains to Team RNJR that they, as Hunstmen, have the duty to protect the four relics guarded by the Huntsmen academies. By the next morning, the poison from Tyrian's stinger has gotten worse, rendering Qrow immobile. Blake mends her relationship with Ghira, who comforts her about lashing out at him and staying in the White Fang. Sun accidentally interrupts them to warn Blake about a masked White Fang member in the market. The two notice a spy outside and give chase.

49
9
"Two Steps Forward, Two Steps Back"
15:25
January 7, 2017 (2017-01-07)

Yang and Weiss complete their training and prepare to leave for Mistral. Meanwhile, Blake and Sun discover that Blake's old acquaintance Ilia Amitola, is now a white Fang member. At the same time, Team RNJR are forced to choose between taking two paths. Ren and Nora decide to take the mountain path while Ruby and Jaune carry Qrow through Kuroyuri.

50
10
"Kuroyuri"
18:54
January 21, 2017 (2017-01-21)

Ren and Nora's past is revealed through a flashback: years ago, Kuroyuri is attacked from Grimm, led by a Nuckelavee, and Ren's parents are killed. Ren's Semblance activates when he sees Nora in danger, which calms him down and hides his and Nora's presence from the Grimm. In the present, Ren and Nora realize that the Nuckelavee is headed towards Ruby, Jaune, and Qrow.

51
11
"Taking Control"
15:37
January 28, 2017 (2017-01-28)

Yang prepares to leave, and Taiyang asks if she is going after Ruby or Raven. Weiss, with Klein's help, sneaks out of the Schnee Manor, hoping to find Winter in Mistral. In Menagerie, Blake confesses to Sun about leaving her friends in fear of them getting hurt. After learning that Ilia's scroll contained Adam's plans to attack Haven, Blake decides that to reclaim the White Fang. Meanwhile, Ren and Nora desperately rush towards Kuroyuri, where the Nuckelavee-Grimm emerges.

52
12
"No Safe Haven"
27:03
February 4, 2017 (2017-02-04)

While Jaune moves Qrow to safety, Ren begins fighting the Nuckelavee recklessly until Nora calms him down. Team RNJR then comes up with a coordinated strategy and Ren successfully executes the Grimm. Two patrolling military airships from Mistral arrive and they take Team RNJR to Mistral. Ruby and her group plan to visit Professor Lionheart at Haven Academy once Qrow's injuries are fully healed. Unbeknownst to them, he is working for Watts.
In a post-credits scene, Oscar approaches Qrow in a bar and identifies himself as Ozpin. Qrow returns his cane.

text: Volume 5 (2017–18)[edit]

text: The fifth Volume premiered on October 14, 2017, a date which was first announced at the RTX Austin 2017 event.[13] The episodes are released to Rooster Teeth FIRST members Saturdays at 10am CT, then to Rooster Teeth registered members the following Tuesday, and to the general public the following Saturday.[14]

text: On July 17, 2017, Rooster Teeth released the first trailer for the upcoming Volume, the "Volume 5 Weiss Character Short". It was followed up by the "Volume 5 Blake Character Short" on September 4, 2017, and the "Volume 5 Yang Character Short" on October 14, 2017.[15] These Character Shorts, like the original four trailers and the "Volume 4 Character Short", tell unique parts of the story.

text: At New York Comic Con 2017, it was announced that Volume 5 will be 14 episodes long, instead of the usual 12.[16]

text:
No.
overall
Chapter
Title
Length
Release date

P6
0
"Volume 5 Weiss Character Short"
4:03
July 17, 2017 (2017-07-17)

As Weiss travels to Mistral, she dreams of a time when she was younger. In a flashback, Weiss trains with Winter to fight multiple Beowolves summoned from Winter's Semblance. When she is nearly defeated, she calls out for Winter, who ends the training. Winter tells her that she will not always be there to rescue her and that she needs to work harder if she wants to leave Atlas.

P7
0
"Volume 5 Blake Character Short"
4:59
September 4, 2017 (2017-09-04)

In Menagerie, Blake and Sun chase a member of the White Fang. Between the chase, flashbacks of Blake and Ilia's friendship are seen. In the past, Ilia explains about embracing her identity as a Faunus after the death of her parents. In the present, Ilia intervenes in the chase, and instead of fighting, she helps the White Fang member escape.

P8
0
"Volume 5 Yang Character Short"
4:15
October 14, 2017 (2017-10-14)

As Yang travels in Mistral, she reminisces the time before she was to leave for Beacon Academy. In a flashback, she trains Ruby in hand-to-hand combat to make sure she can survive on her own without her weapon. During their training, they are attacked by a large Ursa. Yang defeats it, but she is injured in the process. Ruby apologizes for not being able to help, but Yang calms her by reminding her that she will always be there for her.

53
1
"Welcome to Haven"
23:03
October 14, 2017 (2017-10-14)

Qrow and Team RNJR visit Professor Leonardo Lionheart to protect Haven's relic, which can only be accessed by the Spring Maiden. After Lionheart refuses Qrow's plan, Qrow is approached by Oscar, who identifies himself as Ozpin. The Belladonnas confront the Albains about the information from Ilia's scroll, but they blame Ilia. Blake decides to go public with the information instead. Somewhere in Mistral, a shady man offers to lead Yang to Raven.

54
2
"Dread in the Air"
21:04
October 21, 2017 (2017-10-21)

Salem tasks Cinder with using the Spring Maiden in Raven's tribe to unlock Haven's relic. Weiss' airship is attacked by Lancers, wasp-type Grimm. She kills their Queen by summoning her Armored Knight, but the damaged airship crashes and she is captured by Raven's tribe. Adam usurps and kills the White Fang's Leader Sienna Khan, ordering the humans be framed for her death.

55
3
"Unforeseen Complications"
18:35
October 28, 2017 (2017-10-28)

Blake and her parents hold a press conference to persuade the Faunus to help Mistral, but Ilia publicly denounces the Belladonnas as traitors and sways trust in them. Ozpin explains his reincarnation to Team RNJR and, predicting Salem will attack Haven Academy in one month, he decides to train both them and Oscar. Learning Winter has since left for Atlas, Weiss summons a small Armored Knight to help her escape.

56
4
"Lighting the Fire"
16:15
November 4, 2017 (2017-11-04)

Yang demands Raven help her get to Ruby with her Semblance. Raven initially refuses, claiming that Ozpin is not to be trusted, but Weiss escapes her confinement with the help of her Armored Knight and reunites with Yang. Not wanting to attract Grimm, Raven agrees to Yang's demands and summons her and Weiss to her tent to tell them what they need to know.

57
5
"Necessary Sacrifice"
16:58
November 11, 2017 (2017-11-11)

Blake and Sun fail to get enough signatures for their petition to save Haven Academy, due to the Faunus in Menagerie wanting to avoid conflict. Despite knowing she will have to face Ilia, Blake hopes to save her from the White Fang. However, Ilia is given orders by the Albains to orchestrate the assassination of Blake's parents and bring Blake alive to Adam.

58
6
"Known by its Song"
17:37
November 18, 2017 (2017-11-18)

Raven explains to Yang and Weiss that she joined Beacon to fight back against other Huntsmen that would pose a threat to her tribe, but lost trust in Ozpin after learning about Salem's existence. She shows off her shapeshifting ability as proof and offers Yang a choice to stay with her. Yang and Weiss choose to leave and reunite with Ruby.

59
7
"Rest and Resolutions"
12:48
November 25, 2017 (2017-11-25)

The kids have a heartfelt reunion over dinner. Later, Yang confronts Ozpin about using magic on Qrow and Raven, who admits he gave them shapeshifting abilities to spy on Salem and the Maidens - as well as being the old man in the story that gave the Maidens their power. He offers them the choice to continue to fight, which they all accept. Meanwhile, Cinder, Watts, Mercury and Emerald arrive at Raven's camp.

60
8
"Alone Together"
15:18
December 2, 2017 (2017-12-02)

Yang is upset when Ruby mentions Blake later in the morning, but Weiss comforts her, asking she trust Blake until she comes back. In Menagerie, Blake receives a note from Ilia to meet with her, but it turns out to be an ambush. Sun rescues Blake from her captors and rushes to help her parents, who are defending their home from White Fang insurgents.

61
9
"A Perfect Storm"
15:07
December 9, 2017 (2017-12-09)

Cinder strikes a deal with Raven and Vernal, the Spring Maiden, to help her unlock the relic. Despite knowing that Salem will have her killed anyway, Raven accepts her offer on the condition she kills Qrow, while secretly planning to take the relic for herself. Blake and Sun defend Ghira from an attack and, while Blake is on her way to look for Kali, she is stopped by Ilia.

62
10
"True Colors"
19:26
December 16, 2017 (2017-12-16)

As Blake and Ilia fight, Ilia is torn between following Blake and the White Fang. When the Albain brothers intervene, Fennec is killed and the Belladonnas and Sun are victorious in their battle. Blake convinces the Faunus of Menagerie that they need to stop Adam and the majority join her, including Ilia.

63
11
"The More the Merrier"
16:05
December 30, 2017 (2017-12-30)

Ruby and the rest of her group meet with Lionheart, where his allegiance to Salem is revealed. Raven, Vernal, Cinder, Emerald, Mercury, and Hazel ambush them, with the latter revealing that the White Fang have also arrived as they prepare to destroy the school. Jaune attacks Cinder, attempting to avenge Pyrrha's death, but Weiss is impaled by Cinder in the ensuing battle.

64
12
"Vault of the Spring Maiden"
14:43
January 6, 2018 (2018-01-06)

Hazel becomes enraged at Ozpin and fights him to settle an old grudge. Jaune unlocks his Semblance and heals Weiss while Ruby and Yang hold off Emerald and Mercury. Upon entering the vault, Cinder fatally strikes Vernal to steal her powers. However, Raven reveals that she is the real Spring Maiden and prepares to fight Cinder for the Relic.

65
13
"Downfall"
15:28
January 13, 2018 (2018-01-13)

Ruby distracts Emerald and Mercury long enough for Yang to pursue Raven and Cinder, while a recovered Weiss summons the Lancer Queen to defeat Hazel. Adam prepares to destroy the school, but Blake arrives with the rest of the Faunus to take him into custody. Raven defeats Cinder in a grueling battle and unlocks the relic, but is confronted by Yang before she can claim it.

66
14
"Haven's Fate"
24:29
January 20, 2018 (2018-01-20)

Yang denounces Raven and her actions, shaming her into fleeing. Emerald breaks down upon learning of Cinder's defeat while Adam and Lionheart flee, forcing Mercury and Hazel to retreat. Salem kills Lionheart for his cowardice, while Ghira reclaims leadership of the White Fang. Despite brief tension in Yang, Blake is welcomed back by RWBY as Ozpin directs them to make for Atlas. In a post-credits scene, Raven visits Taiyang in secret.

text: World of Remnant[edit]

text: World of Remnant is a series of short special videos detailing recurring story elements in RWBY. Each episode explains details about a specific topic and are narrated by a character from the show. The first four World of Remnant episodes were released alongside Volume 2, narrated by Jen Taylor, the "mysterious narrator" in Volume 1's first episode who is later revealed to be the primary antagonist of the series, Salem. The four episodes released alongside Volume 3 were narrated by Shannon McCormick, the voice of Professor Ozpin. The eight episodes released alongside Volume 4 were narrated by Vic Mignogna, who voices Qrow Branwen.

text: Episodes alongside Volume 2[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Length
Original air date

WR1
1
"Dust"
2:17
August 21, 2014 (2014-08-21)

The narrator explains Dust as four basic forms of a naturally occurring energy propellant, triggered by the Aura of humans and Faunus. It can be combined naturally or artificially to form stronger types, which Mankind harnessed for technology such as airships or androids. Only skilled and disciplined people can use it's raw form without losing control, so the most common use of Dust is in ammunition - though some still use archaic means, like weaving it into clothing or their own body. While part of everyday life, humanity has no understanding of how it came to be - or how mankind's involvement with Dust will change Remnant.

WR2
2
"Kingdoms"
1:57
September 18, 2014 (2014-09-18)

The narrator describes Remnant as a dangerous place for mankind, as many civilizations have grown and fallen over the years. In the present day, only four remain;Atlas in the north continent and Mistral in the east, while Vacuo and Vale share the largest continent. Protected by natural barriers and human tenacity, each kingdom has a governing council and their own individual militaries - some mandatory, some not. Outside the kingdom walls are roaming nomad tribes and small villages, but most fall to Grimm attacks. Each kingdom has a Huntsmen academy to train the next generations of Huntsmen to protect humanity from the Grimm. Described as beacons of hope and safe havens, the narrator claims they are the key to mankind's survival - as long as they stand united.

WR3
3
"Grimm"
3:36
October 16, 2014 (2014-10-16)

The narrator details the creatures of Grimm as a destructive force that has existed throughout most of Remnant across known history. Once believed to be evil spirits, further study revealed they continued to evolve and diversify over time like animals. They attack humans and their creations first and foremost, only conflicting with wildlife for territory. Common belief is that Grimm don't need to feed; they choose to. They are drawn to negative emotions - with numbers proportionate to how far panic spreads. Captured Grimm usually break free or die quickly and their bodies evaporate shortly after their death, making study difficult. The narrator concludes that Grimm are not mindless; while younger ones are more reckless, older ones learn from their experiences to be more cautious in the future - a natural adaptation that makes them more effective killers.

WR4
4
"Aura"
2:00
December 9, 2014 (2014-12-09) (DVD/Blu-ray)

The narrator explains Huntsmen are considered Remnant's greatest warriors in large part by mastering Aura; a manifestation of the life force or soul that runs through every living being - save Grimm - but which only true warriors can amplify and control. It is primarily used for defense, sheathing the wielder in a protective force field to help survive otherwise fatal blows - though their reserves deplete with each hit until exhausted, leaving them vulnerable. Aura's second main use is by projecting it into a more tangible form known as a Semblance, providing a special power unique to each each wielder such as superhuman strength or telekinesis. The narrator claims that, with enough training and focus, Aura can turn a warrior into far more than a simple man or woman.
[Note: This episode was a DVD/Blu-Ray exclusive.]

text: Episodes alongside Volume 3[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Length
Original air date

WR5
1
"Vytal Festival Tournament"
2:40
October 8, 2015 (2015-10-08)

Professor Ozpin explains how the multi-year Great War was ended when humanity's leaders made peace on the island of Vytal, forming new laws, traditions and the Huntsman Academies to create modern society. Among these is the Vytal Festival to celebrate the peacetime every two years, rotating between each kingdom to ensure their cultures remain open to the world. The Vytal Festival's Tournament, a keystone of the event, was designed to test the strength of the kingdom's Huntsman in a safe and friendly environment, the competition ensuring every warrior strives to be their best. As the tournament's rosters grew, the four kingdoms created the Amity Colosseum; a mobile arena that can visit any kingdom in Remnant. Ozpin notes his hopes for the established peace to continue and help humanity grow closer.

WR6
2
"Huntsmen"
2:36
November 21, 2015 (2015-11-21)

Ozpin describes Huntsmen and Huntresses as the best warriors in Remnant, often outranking kingdom police and military in terms of skill but with only one goal; combat the Grimm. Each kingdom established an academy after the Great War: Beacon Academy in Vale, Haven Academy in Mistral, Shade Academy in Vacuo, and Atlas Academy in Atlas (originally Mantle). They recruit the most promising graduates from primary combat schools, grouping them in teams of four to develop communication, empathy and teamwork skills. Students are separated from kingdom allegiance while in the Academy and, upon graduating, choose their work and employers, usually via mission boards; kingdom affiliation is by choice. However, Atlas Academy is an exception, scrutinized for indoctrinating a military lifestyle upon its students, pressuring enlistment in the Military's Special Units after graduation. Ozpin states that regardless of the teaching method, the end result is the same: Huntsmen and Huntresses, ready to make their own paths. Some stay in a team, others work alone - all are expected to protect and serve humanity, never succumbing to the darkness.

WR7
3
"Cross Continental Transmit System"
3:07
December 26, 2015 (2015-12-26)

Ozpin details the history of the Cross Continental Transmit System (CCTS), before which kingdoms could only communicate within their borders by radio or across borders with physical messages, the latter of which were always endangered by Grimm. Establishing relay satellites was impractical because spaceflight was impossible, as known Dust types lose their powers outside Remnant's atmosphere, so Atlas instead developed a series of four tower-housed wireless-signal hubs - one in each kingdom. While allowing an online web and communication accessible via handheld "scrolls", connectivity suffers the further one is from a kingdom, with attempts at smaller support towers suffering from Grimm attacks. Despite the benefits of global communication, Ozpin notes the system's fatal flaw is that losing even one of the towers will take down the entire network, describing it a poetic irony that Remnant's people must either speak as one or not speak at all.

WR8
4
"The Four Maidens"
7:02
January 23, 2016 (2016-01-23)

Ozpin tells the tale of the Four Maidens; An old wizard living in the woods sees a maiden, Winter, waiting outside in the snow for her sisters, falling asleep from the serenity she brings. When he wakes, he sees another maiden, Spring, also waiting for her sisters and planting seeds to create a beautiful garden. The wizard watches until he hears laughter from a third waiting maiden, Summer, who convinces the wizard to step outside and embrace the world. They prepare a feast together just as the fourth sister, Fall, arrives and asks the wizard's name when he invites her. The Wizard claims he is uninteresting and has nothing to his name despite centuries of life, but Fall remarks otherwise and convinces him he has everything he needs in life. The wizard asks why they helped him with his loneliness, with Fall's answer being they would do so for anyone. Repaying their kindness, the wizard bestows his magic upon the sisters, gifting them control over the elements of nature. The sisters promise to use their gifts to aid others and to visit their friend every year.
[Note: A shortened version of the tale of the Four Maidens was also told by Pyrrha Nikos (Vol. 3, Ch. 6)]

text: Episodes alongside Volume 4[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Length
Original air date

WR9
1
"Vale"
2:23
October 17, 2016 (2016-10-17)

Qrow welcomes the audience to Remnant, a world in which many towns have risen and fallen. Today, the Faunus race holds the island continent of Menagerie, but the four kingdoms (Vale, Mistral, Atlas, Vacuo) are the "sweet spots" to live in. Vale is located on the northeastern end of the largest continent, Sanus. The kingdom is protected by strong natural barriers: steep mountains in the east and shallow waters on the northwestern coast eliminate many threats and make the kingdom very well guarded. The kingdom consists of Vale, the main city after which it is named, a few smaller cities along the northwest coastline, and the small island of Patch, off the coast across from the capital. To Qrow, Patch is a nice place to raise a family, referring to Ruby and Yang growing up there. Attempts to extend the kingdom of Vale past the mountains have been colossal failures, for example the Mountain Glenn project. According to Qrow, Vale is "not half bad", as regular climate, natural barriers and serious border defences enable its citizens to live their lives instead of fighting for survival. Qrow states that Vale has known peaceful times, but its citizens have become worried after the Fall of Beacon.

WR10
2
"Mistral"
2:20
October 18, 2016 (2016-10-18)

Qrow explains that the landmass to the east of Sanus is the second largest continent of Remnant, Anima, on which the kingdom of Mistral is located. Mistral controls the most territory of any kingdom and is home to a wide variety of ecosystems and lifesyles. Its high society is known for fashion, architecture, and theater. The lower class "has a fame of its own": the biggest black market in Remnant is found in Mistral, a place where one can also hire thieves, assassins, and thugs. However, all inhabitants of Mistral have one thing in common: their respect for nature, especially the sea and sky. Qrow states that natural resources have had an impact on Mistral's culture and technology, starting with the first settlers who found shelter in the wind-carved cliffs, from where they expanded out into the land. A huge problem for the government of Mistral is the kingdom's sheer size, which enables a lot of traitors and thieves to hide here. While the capital is mostly under control, other cities like Windpath and Kuchinashi are harder to govern. Qrow concludes that there are a lot of places to hide, and that one has to know where to look to find certain people.

WR11
3
"Atlas"
3:12
October 19, 2016 (2016-10-19)

Qrow has no high opinion of most of Atlas' citizens. Atlas is the youngest and arguably most successful kingdom. Before the "Great War", it was known as Mantle, founded by settlers who, for unknown reasons, traveled to the northernmost continent, Solitas. The cold climate and large mountains protected the settlers from Grimm, but also forced them to adapt to survive. They did so by developing advanced technology faster than the rest of Remnant. The "Great War" gave Mantle another boost, as new forms of Dust application and weaponry allowed it to expand its territory, as well as Dust mining and research. The territory around the kingdom's combat school, Alsius, was used to build new facilities. After the war, the school was renamed as Atlas and took in many war veterans. New Dust technologies were used to beef up the school grounds, which expanded fast and helped secure surrounding areas. Later on, the military, labs, research facilities and residential areas moved to Atlas. The new city began to outgrow Mantle, and the decision was made to move the capital, renaming the kingdom as Atlas. According to Qrow, some people call this time "a golden age of prosperity", but to the people left in Mantle, it was "the coldest winter they ever knew."

WR12
4
"Vacuo"
2:58
October 20, 2016 (2016-10-20)

To Qrow, Vacuo may have had it harder than the people of Mantle. The kingdom, located at the western end of Sanus, was "a paradise" before men destroyed it, creating a barren and desolate wasteland. Vacuo was once an oasis in the surrounding desert, bursting with natural resources, geographical defenses, and the world's largest deposit of Dust. Many nomads settled there, and Vacuo began to thrive. However, the rest of the world had to adapt to survive, while Vacuo's society lived a life of complacency. Once the other kingdoms set their eyes on Vacuo's resources, nobody could stop them. Years of conflict, unrestricted mining and ecological desasters followed. Now, the "paradise" is gone: citizens live in makeshift homes, travelling frequently in response to fleeting resources or occasional Grimm attacks. A formal government was established after the "Great War", but the citizens don't care for its laws. Shade Academy is considered the only source of order. However, Vacuo still exists, and its citizens have a mutual respect for one another, following one unspoken rule: "If you can survive here, then you're welcome here." Qrow remembers that Ozpin would always say that the four kingdoms are a representation of what mankind is capable of when working together, lamenting that they would need Ozpin now.

WR13
5
"Between Kingdoms"
3:18
November 12, 2016 (2016-11-12T20)

Qrow explains that areas between kingdoms are mostly populated by Grimm. Trained Huntsmen and Huntresses should be fine on the road, as long as they don't encounter large packs. There are also small villages and towns throughout the land, inhabited by people who either don't want to deal with life in the kingdoms, are upset with how the kingdoms are governed, or simply prefer this lifestyle. If a town is founded by "smart" people, it can survive the same way the kingdoms do: with natural barriers and strong defenses. Frequent Grimm attacks eradicate most towns without proper defenses after about a year. Another problem are wandering bandits, groups of usually skilled fighters who also prey on convoys. These bandit tribes have a tendency to attack, raid and burn down towns which are at their weakest. Grimm attacks often occur directly after bandit attacks, or the other way around. If townsfolk lived through a bandit attack, the negative emotions caused by the fight attract Grimm. The other way around, raiders appear directly after a Grimm attack. Bandits never stay anywhere for too long because the Grimm threaten them as well. According to Qrow, almost all of Remnant has been mapped, but there are some areas from where nobody has returned alive, places where "she" (Salem) could possibly be.

WR14
6
"Faunus"
4:40
November 26, 2016 (2016-11-26T20)

Faunus are an important humanoid species. Every Faunus has a single animalistic trait, for example cat ears. Existing at least as long as mankind, Faunus are genetically compatible with humans. The children of a Faunus and a human will always be Faunus. According to Qrow, the history of Faunus and humans is full of conflicts. In ancient times, humans were afraid of Faunus. They avoided them, pushed them out of settlements or brutally hunted them. Humans began to outnumber Faunus at some point, and Faunus saw them as a threat. Humans often exploited Faunus, for example as cheap labor forces. A Grimm attack on a village in Sanus was a first turning point: the two races united to defend their home against their shared enemies. Another milestone was the aftermath of the "Great War": Remnant was desperate for compromises, and one of them involved the Faunus, who were awarded equal rights as citizens and received the island continent of Menagerie to govern for themselves. According to Qrow, this was still a bad deal for the Faunus. Today, Faunus live all over Remnant, but the promised fair treatment varies in quality in different regions. With a lot of Faunus packed together on Menagerie (their "safe haven"), conflicts still continue, and the Faunus are organised now - for example in the White Fang.

WR15
7
"Schnee Dust Company"
4:28
December 17, 2016 (2016-12-17T20)

Qrow has a negative opinion on the present day Schnee Dust Company, which has a monopoly on the extremely valuable and important Dust products in Remnant. This wasn't always the case: its founder, Nicholas Schnee, son of a Dust miner, was born in Mantle after the end of the "Great War", during the kingdom's transformative period in which it depended on others for Dust resources. Nicholas worked in the mines, went to combat school and studied. After his father's death, Nicholas used his small inheritance to fund an expedition for new Dust deposits. He was successful and founded the SDC, which became known for quality, affordability and trust. Nicholas personally oversaw every expedition and expansion. He gained the trust of his men and opened businesses in every kingdom. Nicholas was forced into early retirement, mostly because of health issues following years of working in Dust mines. A man named Jacques Gelé married Nicholas' daughter, took on the Schnee name and convinced Nicholas that he was the "right" successor. Jacques is a "cunning businessman" under whose leadership the SDC became more profitable than ever. It dominates the industry, but with questionable methods: cheap labor forces, dangerous working conditions, destroying the competition, company propaganda. In Qrow's opinion, Jacques Schnee only cares about winning, and with him in charge, the future of the once good Schnee name is uncertain.

WR16
8
"The Great War"
7:20
January 14, 2017 (2017-01-14T20)

The "Great War" lasted around ten years, preceded by a century full of tension. Mistral had conquered Anima and made an alliance with Mantle, based on exchanges of supplies and technology. An "incident" in Mantle led to a decree that abolished the arts and repressed self-expression, an attempt to control the citizens' emotions to reduce Grimm attacks. Mistral partly complied when Mantle tried to enforce the decree in other kingdoms. This and other issues, such as Mistral and Mantle's treatment of citizens or maintenance of slavery, caused conflicts with Vale. Mistral wanted to expand at the east coast of Sanus, clashing with settlers from Vale. The king of Vale avoided conflict, but settlers from both sides didn't: a riot turned into the first battle of the "Great War". Mantle supported Mistral and battles started in both Anima and Sanus. Grimm attacked all combatants, sometimes forcing cease-fires between the humans, necessary to deal with the monsters. Vacuo stayed neutral at first, but when Mantle and Mistral attempted to force its leaders to join their side, they supported Vale, fearing the other side's victory. The war ended with the "Vacuo campaign": Mistral and Mantle attempted to take control of Vacuo's Dust mines to cut off supplies for their enemies. The king of Vale led the forces of Vale and Vacuo into battle. Armed with crown, sword and sceptre, he decimated enemy forces. The "deadliest battle of the war" cost many lives and created the legend of the "Warrior King". In the end, everyone bowed to the king of Vale, who refused to rule over Remnant and established the treaty of Vytal instead. Territories were redistributed, slavery abolished, governments restructured. The last king of Vale founded the Huntsmen academies and gave his most trusted followers command over them. He promised to teach mankind how to fight, but only if they wouldn't fight against each other. Qrow says that mankind hasn't kept its end of the bargain.

text: Home media[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2017)

text: Cinedigm has released box sets for each season of RWBY. Volume 1, released on November 12, 2013, combined its episodes for a total of 10.[17][18]

text: In Japan, Volume 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray by Warner Bros. Japan on December 9, 2015, with a Japanese dub.[19]


document_title: Glycogen

question_text: where does glucose released into the blood end up

root

text: Glycogen

text: Structure[edit]

text: Glycogen is a branched biopolymer consisting of linear chains of glucose residues with an average chain length of approximately 10-14 glucose units[11]. Glucose units are linked together linearly by α(1→4) glycosidic bonds from one glucose to the next. Branches are linked to the chains from which they are branching off by α(1→6) glycosidic bonds between the first glucose of the new branch and a glucose on the stem chain.[12]

text: Due to the way glycogen is synthesised, every glycogen granule has at its core a glycogenin protein.[13]

text: Glycogen in muscle, liver, and fat cells is stored in a hydrated form, composed of three or four parts of water per part of glycogen associated with 0.45 millimoles of potassium per gram of glycogen.[4]

text: Functions[edit]

text: Liver[edit]

text: As a meal containing carbohydrates or protein is eaten and digested, blood glucose levels rise, and the pancreas secretes insulin. Blood glucose from the portal vein enters liver cells (hepatocytes). Insulin acts on the hepatocytes to stimulate the action of several enzymes, including glycogen synthase. Glucose molecules are added to the chains of glycogen as long as both insulin and glucose remain plentiful. In this postprandial or "fed" state, the liver takes in more glucose from the blood than it releases.

text: After a meal has been digested and glucose levels begin to fall, insulin secretion is reduced, and glycogen synthesis stops. When it is needed for energy, glycogen is broken down and converted again to glucose. Glycogen phosphorylase is the primary enzyme of glycogen breakdown. For the next 8–12 hours, glucose derived from liver glycogen is the primary source of blood glucose used by the rest of the body for fuel.

text: Glucagon, another hormone produced by the pancreas, in many respects serves as a countersignal to insulin. In response to insulin levels being below normal (when blood levels of glucose begin to fall below the normal range), glucagon is secreted in increasing amounts and stimulates both glycogenolysis (the breakdown of glycogen) and gluconeogenesis (the production of glucose from other sources).

text: Muscle[edit]

text: Muscle cell glycogen appears to function as an immediate reserve source of available glucose for muscle cells. Other cells that contain small amounts use it locally, as well. As muscle cells lack glucose-6-phosphatase, which is required to pass glucose into the blood, the glycogen they store is available solely for internal use and is not shared with other cells. This is in contrast to liver cells, which, on demand, readily do break down their stored glycogen into glucose and send it through the blood stream as fuel for other organs.[citation needed]

text: History[edit]

text:
Glycogen was discovered by Claude Bernard. His experiments showed that the liver contained a substance that could give rise to reducing sugar by the action of a "ferment" in the liver. By 1857, he described the isolation of a substance he called "la matière glycogène", or "sugar-forming substance". Soon after the discovery of glycogen in the liver, A. Sanson found that muscular tissue also contains glycogen. The empirical formula for glycogen of (C
6H
10O
5)n was established by Kekule in 1858.[14]

text: Metabolism[edit]

text: Synthesis[edit]

text: Glycogen synthesis is, unlike its breakdown, endergonic—it requires the input of energy. Energy for glycogen synthesis comes from uridine triphosphate (UTP), which reacts with glucose-1-phosphate, forming UDP-glucose, in a reaction catalysed by UTP—glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. Glycogen is synthesized from monomers of UDP-glucose initially by the protein glycogenin, which has two tyrosine anchors for the reducing end of glycogen, since glycogenin is a homodimer. After about eight glucose molecules have been added to a tyrosine residue, the enzyme glycogen synthase progressively lengthens the glycogen chain using UDP-glucose, adding α(1→4)-bonded glucose. The glycogen branching enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a terminal fragment of six or seven glucose residues from a nonreducing end to the C-6 hydroxyl group of a glucose residue deeper into the interior of the glycogen molecule. The branching enzyme can act upon only a branch having at least 11 residues, and the enzyme may transfer to the same glucose chain or adjacent glucose chains.

text: Breakdown[edit]

text: Glycogen is cleaved from the nonreducing ends of the chain by the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase to produce monomers of glucose-1-phosphate:

text: In vivo, phosphorolysis proceeds in the direction of glycogen breakdown because the ratio of phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate is usually greater than 100.[15] Glucose-1-phosphate is then converted to glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) by phosphoglucomutase. A special debranching enzyme is needed to remove the α(1-6) branches in branched glycogen and reshape the chain into a linear polymer. The G6P monomers produced have three possible fates:

text:
G6P can continue on the glycolysis pathway and be used as fuel.
G6P can enter the pentose phosphate pathway via the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase to produce NADPH and 5-carbon sugars.
In the liver and kidney, G6P can be dephosphorylated back to glucose by the enzyme glucose 6-phosphatase. This is the final step in the gluconeogenesis pathway.

tag: ul

text: Clinical relevance[edit]

text: Disorders of glycogen metabolism[edit]

text: The most common disease in which glycogen metabolism becomes abnormal is diabetes, in which, because of abnormal amounts of insulin, liver glycogen can be abnormally accumulated or depleted. Restoration of normal glucose metabolism usually normalizes glycogen metabolism, as well.

text: In hypoglycemia caused by excessive insulin, liver glycogen levels are high, but the high insulin levels prevent the glycogenolysis necessary to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Glucagon is a common treatment for this type of hypoglycemia.

text: Various inborn errors of metabolism are caused by deficiencies of enzymes necessary for glycogen synthesis or breakdown. These are collectively referred to as glycogen storage diseases.

text: Glycogen depletion and endurance exercise[edit]

text: Long-distance athletes, such as marathon runners, cross-country skiers, and cyclists, often experience glycogen depletion, where almost all of the athlete's glycogen stores are depleted after long periods of exertion without sufficient carbohydrate consumption. This phenomenon is referred to as "hitting the wall".

text: Glycogen depletion can be forestalled in three possible ways. First, during exercise, carbohydrates with the highest possible rate of conversion to blood glucose (high glycemic index) are ingested continuously. The best possible outcome of this strategy replaces about 35% of glucose consumed at heart rates above about 80% of maximum. Second, through endurance training adaptations and specialized regimens (e.g. fasting low-intensity endurance training), the body can condition type I muscle fibers to improve both fuel use efficiency and workload capacity to increase the percentage of fatty acids used as fuel,[16][17][citation needed] sparing carbohydrate use from all sources. Third, by consuming large quantities of carbohydrates after depleting glycogen stores as a result of exercise or diet, the body can increase storage capacity of intramuscular glycogen stores.[18][19][20] This process is known as carbohydrate loading. In general, glycemic index of carbohydrate source does not matter since muscular insulin sensitivity is increased as a result of temporary glycogen depletion.[21][22]

text: When experiencing glycogen debt, athletes often experience extreme fatigue to the point that it is difficult to move. As a reference, the very best professional cyclists in the world will usually finish a 4- to 5-hr stage race right at the limit of glycogen depletion using the first three strategies.

text: When athletes ingest both carbohydrate and caffeine following exhaustive exercise, their glycogen stores tend to be replenished more rapidly;[23][24][25] however, the minimum dose of caffeine at which there is a clinically significant effect on glycogen repletion has not been established.[25]


document_title: Kingsman: The Golden Circle

question_text: who plays whiskey in the kingsman golden circle

text: Kingsman: The Golden Circle

text: Plot[edit]

text: A year after the events of the previous film, Eggsy Unwin has officially joined Kingsman, taken his late mentor Harry Hart's title of Galahad and begun a relationship with Tilde, Crown Princess of Sweden. On his way home from the tailor shop, he is ambushed by Charlie Hesketh, a former Kingsman trainee who lost his arm and vocal cords during the Valentine incident, replacing them with cybernetics. Eggsy evades Charlie and his henchmen in a car chase across London, but Charlie's severed cybernetic arm hacks into the Kingsman servers through the computer system of Eggsy's car. Charlie passes on the information gained to Poppy Adams, the leader of the world's largest drug cartel, the Golden Circle. Poppy uses the information to launch a volley of missiles that destroy the Kingsman headquarters and wipe out all of the agents in Britain, aside from Eggsy and Merlin, Kingsman's tech support.

text: Eggsy and Merlin follow an emergency protocol which leads them to Statesman, an American private intelligence service posing as a Bourbon whiskey distillery in Kentucky. There, they discover that Harry survived his shooting thanks to Statesman technology, but is suffering from amnesia. They also learn about the Golden Circle from Statesman head Champagne and the two agencies agree to work together to bring it down. Statesman agent Tequila later develops a blue rash and shows signs of mania and is replaced by another agent, Whiskey, as Eggsy's partner. Eggsy plants a tracking device on Charlie's ex-girlfriend Clara Von Gluckfberg during a sexual encounter at Glastonbury Festival, but his revelation of the mission to Princess Tilde strains their relationship.

text: Eggsy later manages to cure Harry's amnesia by threatening to shoot a Cairn Terrier puppy that resembles Harry's late dog, shortly before Poppy broadcasts a message telling the world about a toxin she has added to all her drugs, which causes users to develop symptoms like Tequila's before progressing to paralysis and ultimately death. She offers the antidote to the world if the President of the United States ends his country's war on drugs and grants her cartel immunity from prosecution. The President decides to have everyone affected quarantined, intending to let them all die in order to put Poppy out of business.

text: Eggsy, Harry and Whiskey track Clara to the Golden Circle's antidote factory in Italy. Eggsy manages to steal an antidote sample, but it is broken by Whiskey during an ambush by the Golden Circle's henchmen, leading Harry to suspect him of working against them. Harry shoots Whiskey in the head, but Eggsy, believing Harry to be delusional as a result of his recovery, saves him with the same technology that Statesman used to save Harry. Princess Tilde calls Eggsy in a state of mania, revealing that she has been affected by the blue rash, having taken drugs due to her stress over Eggsy's infidelity. Eggsy, Harry and Merlin discover the location of Poppy's hideout, "Poppy Land", in Cambodia and fly there to steal the laptop which can deploy the drones carrying the antidote all over the world.

text: Upon their arrival at Poppy Land, Eggsy steps on a land mine, but Merlin sacrifices himself to save him and Harry. Eggsy and Harry storm through the lair; Eggsy kills Charlie, while Harry destroys Poppy's robotic attack dogs with the help of Elton John, who had been kidnapped by Poppy during the events of the previous film. They secure the laptop and inject Poppy with a concentrated dose of her toxin and heroin. Poppy gives them the laptop password in exchange for the antidote, but dies of an overdose from the heroin. Whiskey interrupts them before they can deploy the drones, revealing that he wants all drug users to die after his pregnant wife was killed in a robbery committed by two methamphetamine users. Eggsy and Harry fight and kill Whiskey, then deploy the drones to release the antidote and save the affected victims throughout the world.

text: In the aftermath, the President is impeached for conspiring to commit genocide on the drug victims and Statesman purchases a distillery in Scotland to help rebuild Kingsman. Statesman tech support specialist Ginger Ale is appointed to the position of Whiskey, Eggsy marries Princess Tilde and Tequila joins Kingsman, which acquires a new tailor shop in London.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Colin Firth as Harry Hart / Galahad
Julianne Moore as Poppy Adams
Taron Egerton as Gary "Eggsy" Unwin / Galahad
Mark Strong as Merlin
Halle Berry as Ginger Ale
Elton John as himself
Channing Tatum as Tequila
Jeff Bridges as Champagne "Champ"
Pedro Pascal as Jack Daniels / Whiskey
Edward Holcroft as Charles "Charlie" Hesketh
Hanna Alström as Tilde, Crown Princess of Sweden
Poppy Delevingne as Clara Von Gluckfberg
Bruce Greenwood as the President of the United States
Emily Watson as Chief of Staff Fox

text: Michael Gambon portrays Sir Giles / Arthur, the head of Kingsman and Sophie Cookson reprises her role as Roxanne "Roxy" Morton / Lancelot. Flashback footage from The Secret Service includes Samuel L. Jackson and Sofia Boutella as Richmond Valentine and Gazelle, respectively. Tobias Bakare and Theo Barklem-Biggs return as Eggsy's friends Jamal and Ryan, with Thomas Turgoose and Calvin Demba introduced as two of Eggsy's other friends, Liam and Brandon. Furthermore, Samantha Womack makes a brief return appearance as Michelle Unwin, Eggsy's mother. Keith Allen and Tom Benedict Knight feature as Charles and Angel, two of Poppy's henchmen, while Mark Arnold portrays General McCoy, an advisor to the President of the United States. Björn Granath (in his final film performance) and Lena Endre feature as the King and Queen of Sweden, respectively. Shannon Bream and Bill Hemmer of Fox News appear as themselves.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Near the release of Kingsman: The Secret Service, Mark Millar and Matthew Vaughn stated that a sequel would be possible if the first film was to perform well at the box office, and Vaughn expressed interest in returning to direct.[5][6] Vaughn also noted that he had hoped to have Firth back in the sequel, though it was later stated that Firth would not be returning.[7][8]

text: On 29 April 2015, Fox announced that a sequel was in production, but that it was unclear if Vaughn would return due to his interest in directing a Flash Gordon film.[9] On 11 June 2015, Vaughn told Yahoo that he had begun writing the script for the sequel, and that he could return to direct.[10] In September 2015, Millar reiterated that the sequel was in development, and that Vaughn was looking for ways to bring Firth back without sacrificing the integrity of the story. Later that month, The Hollywood Reporter confirmed that Egerton had also signed on for a new Robin Hood film, which was then set to begin shooting in February 2016; Egerton's schedule was thus in conflict with the Kingsman sequel. However, in mid-October, it was confirmed that scheduling issues had been settled between both studios. Lionsgate began Robin Hood's production right after Egerton wrapped filming on Kingsman: The Golden Circle, which began in May 2016.[11]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On 17 February 2016, it was revealed that Julianne Moore was in negotiations to play the villain in the film.[12] On 10 March 2016, Halle Berry was cast in the film,[13] in a role that later turned out to be the Statesmen's tech support. In late March, Vaughn confirmed Berry's and Moore's casting, as well as the title, Kingsman: The Golden Circle. On 8 April 2016, Pedro Pascal was cast in the film as Jack Daniels,[14] and on the same day, a promotional poster was released featuring Firth's character's glasses, confirming Firth's return for the film;[15] Firth's return was later officially confirmed on 11 July 2016.[16] Channing Tatum confirmed his casting through his Twitter account, while Variety reported that Elton John was in talks for a role.[17] In late April, Vaughn talked about writing the sequel, and stated "writing this was the hardest thing I've ever done."[18] Jeff Bridges was added to the cast on 28 May 2016.[19] Vinnie Jones announced on Twitter that he had been cast, though he did not appear in the finished film.[20]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography on the film began on 15 May 2016 in Birmingham.[21][22][23] Filming also took place in Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden. The cable car and antidote factory scenes were shot on Skyway Monte Bianco and Pointe Helbronner, located in Courmayeur, Aosta Valley, in northern Italy and Sri Lanka (dompe pola gawa,biyagama yabaraluwa).[24][25] On 13 September 2016, Kingsman: The Golden Circle completed initial filming.[26] Additional footage was filmed on location in London in December 2016.

text: Music[edit]

text: Henry Jackman and Matthew Margeson reunited to compose the music for the film. The soundtrack was released on iTunes on 22 September 2017 by Fox Music and is scheduled for a CD release on October by La-La Land Records.[27]

text: Release[edit]

text: 20th Century Fox originally scheduled Kingsman: The Golden Circle for a summer release date of 16 June 2017 but pushed the film back to 6 October 2017.[28] The film was then moved up to 20 September in the United Kingdom and 22 September 2017 in the United States likely to avoid competition with Blade Runner 2049. The film had an IMAX release.[29]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On 20 July 2017, Fox released an animated Kingsman/Archer crossover short film featuring Eggsy and Sterling Archer.[30] On 18 September, Fox released a TV advert featuring a mock Kingsman board game.[31]

text: The beige bomber jacket for Channing Tatum's character and a shearling coat worn by Colin Firth's Harry Hart were tailored by Cromford Leather, a UK designer brand and maker of luxury leather clothing.[32] In May 2017, TAG Heuer partnered with Fox to make the TAG Heuer Connected the official watch of the Kingsman agents.[33] In August 2017, Fox partnered with Old Forester to release a Statesman edition of their 95 proof Bourbon whisky for the U.S. market.[34] In addition, GlenDronach released a Kingsman Edition 1991 of their scotch whisky. Director Vaughn cited GlenDronach as his favourite scotch whisky brand, and the distillery used casks from 1991, as it is the fictional year of Eggsy's birth. Only 240 bottles have been allocated to the U.S. market, all of which are signed by Vaughn.[35] In addition, Berry Bros. & Rudd released a Kingsman edition of their No. 3 London Dry Gin.[36] In September 2017, Hard Rock Cafe introduced the "Poppy Burger" in their menu to promote the film.[37]

text: On 8 September 2017, luxury retailer Mr Porter opened its first Kingsman shop between Berry Bros. & Rudd and Lock & Co. Hatters on St James's Street in Central London. Both the Kingsman shop and Berry Bros. & Rudd were integral locations for this film, while Lock & Co. was featured in the first film.[38]

text: Video games[edit]

text: In August 2017, it was confirmed that Kingsman: The Golden Circle would have a tie-in game to accompany its release, and that it would be a turn-based match-3 role-playing combat game, released on iOS and Android by the Korean mobile game company NHN PixelCube.[39] The game also includes characters from Kingsman: The Secret Service, and was released globally on 14 September 2017, about a week before the film's release.[40] Unlike the films, the game does not have graphic violence or explicit language, but it is classified a "12+" rating for "mild realistic violence".[41][42] In the days before the film's release, another mobile game based on the Kingsman franchise, simply titled Kingsman: The Secret Service, was announced to be in development also for iOS and Android, by American mobile game developer YesGnome. The game is a hybrid action adventure-construction simulator, where players construct impregnable secret bases, similar to Fallout Shelter, while infiltrating enemy bases in run-and-gun missions based on the plot of at least the first film.[43] The Android version is currently in early access.[44] Both games are free-to-play, offer in-app purchases, and support online player-versus-player multiplayer, with the former game requiring an Internet connection to play.

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on Blu-ray on 12 December 2017 and DVD. A Target exclusive gift set includes four whiskey stones.[45] The Walmart exclusive gift set comes with a Funko Pocket Pop! Eggsy keychain.[46] A limited edition steelbook packaging is available exclusively at Best Buy in the U.S.,[47] HMV in the UK,[48] and JB Hi-Fi in Australia.[49]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Kingsman: The Golden Circle grossed $100.2 million in the United States and Canada and $310.6 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $410.8 million, against a production budget of $104 million.[3]

text: In North America, the film was released alongside The Lego Ninjago Movie and Friend Request and was projected to gross $40–45 million from 4,003 theaters in its opening weekend.[50] It made $3.4 million from Thursday night previews at 3,100 theaters up from the $1.4 million made by the first film and $15.3 million on its first day. It went on to open to $39 million, an increase over the first film’s $36.2 million debut and topping the box office, overtaking two-time defender It.[51] In its second week, the film initially made a projected gross of $17 million, finishing second at the box office behind It. However the following day, actual results had the film finishing atop It by a gross of $16.93 million to $16.90 million and also beat out newcomer American Made ($16.8 million).[52] The film made $8.7 million and $5.3 million in its third and fourth weeks, finishing 5th and 7th respectively. The film dropped 47% in its second weekend, making $5.7 million and falling to 5th.[53]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Kingsman: The Golden Circle received mixed reviews.[54] On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 52% based on 248 reviews, and an average rating of 5.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads "Kingsman: The Golden Circle offers more of everything that made its predecessor so much fun but lacks the original's wild creative spark".[55] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 44 out of 100, based on 43 critics indicating "mixed or average reviews".[56] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, the same score earned by its predecessor.[51]

text: Writing for Uproxx, Amy Nicholson called the film better than the first and wrote: "Kingsman: The Golden Circle has matured just enough. Its doubled down on the mayhem and hammered out the tone. Everything is sincere even when it's insane".[57] Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 2.5 stars out of 4 and wrote "The stunts defy the laws of gravity but are no less fun for that; watch out for the fight on the ski lift. Even when Kingsman: The Golden Circle goes off the rails and it inevitably does, this cracked caper wears you down with action and giggles. Sometimes overkill can hurt so good".[58] Christopher Orr from The Atlantic said in his review "The movie is too long, too violent, too silly - too everything. Yet for those who enjoyed the original Kingsman, it is a more than adequate second act. To put it another way: First time satire, second time farce".[59]

text: Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 1.5 stars and said "Kingsman: The Golden Circle offers everything – several bored Oscar winners; two scenes featuring death by meat grinder; Elton John, mugging in close-up – except a good time".[60] Wendy Ide, reviewing the film for The Guardian, gave it 1 stars and called it "a knowing sneer of a movie that shrugs off its plot holes along with a particularly unsavoury attitude to violence and a tendency to use female characters as the decorative punchline to jokes".[61] Writing for RogerEbert.com, Glenn Kenny gave the film 0/4 stars saying: "As action-packed as the movie is, it feels like it's six hours. That's in part because the pacing is so spavined; the movie lurches twitchily from set piece to set piece and spends inordinate amounts of time on shots of its sharp-dressed characters slow-motioning into the widescreen frames showing off accessories that will be sold to you by various companies in various Kingsman tie-ins all over the Internet".[62]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

Saturn Awards
June 2018
Best Action or Adventure Film
Kingsman: The Golden Circle
Pending
[63]

tag: table

text: Sequel and potential spin-off[edit]

text: Vaughn has stated that he and Goldman have a third Kingsman film planned.[64] In the September 2017 edition of Total Film, Egerton revealed that his personal choice for the role of the villain of Kingsman 3 is Dwayne Johnson.[65] He also went on to suggest that this sequel may be the last as he envisions the Kingsman franchise to be a trilogy.[66]

text: Vaughn has also revealed that with the success of the Kingsman films, he is interested in making a Statesman spin-off.[67]


document_title: History of tea in India

question_text: which place is known as tea garden of india

text: History of tea in India

text: History[edit]

text: Chinese varieties of tea were first introduced into India by the British, in an attempt to break the Chinese monopoly on tea.[1] The British, "using Chinese seeds, plus Chinese planting and cultivating techniques, launched a tea industry by offering land in Assam to any European who agreed to cultivate tea for export."[1] Maniram Dewan (1806-1858) was the first Indian tea planter, and is credited with establishing the first commercial plantations of the Assamese variety of tea.[2]

text: Tea was originally only consumed by Anglicized Indians, and it was not until the 1950s that tea grew widely popular in India through a successful advertising campaign by the Tea Board.[3] Prior to the British, the plant may have been used for medicinal purposes. Some cite the Sanjeevani tea plant first recorded reference of tea use in India. However, studies have shown that Sanjeevani plant was probably a plant unrelated to the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and is likely to refer either to Selaginella bryopteris or to Desmotrichum fimbriatum.[4]

text: In the early 1820s, the British East India Company began large-scale production of tea in Assam, India, of a tea variety traditionally brewed by the Singpho people.[5] In 1826, the British East India Company took over the region from the Ahom kings through the Yandaboo Treaty. In 1837, the first English tea garden was established at Chabua in Upper Assam; in 1840, the Assam Tea Company began the commercial production of tea in the region, run by indentured servitude of the local inhabitants.[citation needed] Beginning in the 1850s, the tea industry rapidly expanded, consuming vast tracts of land for tea plantations. By the turn of the century, Assam became the leading tea producing region in the world.[6]

text: Writing in The Cambridge World History of Food, Weisburger & Comer write:

text: "The tea cultivation begun there [India] in the nineteenth century by the British, however, has accelerated to the point that today India is listed as the world's leading producer, its 715,000 tons well ahead of China's 540,000 tons, and of course, the teas of Assam, Ceylon (from the island nation known as Sri Lanka), and Darjeeling are world famous. However, because Indians average half a cup daily on per capita basis, fully 70 percent of India's immense crop is consumed locally."

text: Modern tea production in India[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: India was the top producer of tea for nearly a century, but recently[when?] China has overtaken India as the top tea producer due to increased land availability. Indian tea companies have acquired a number of iconic foreign tea enterprises including British brands Tetley and Typhoo.

text: As of 2013 the consumption of green tea in India was growing by over 50% a year.[7]

text: The major tea-producing states in India are: Assam, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Tripura, Arunachal Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Sikkim, Nagaland, Uttarakhand, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Bihar, Orissa.

text: Government and the Indian tea industry[edit]

text: The Indian tea industry as a mass employer has enjoyed the attention of the Indian government. When export sales went down, the government has been sympathetic to the demand of the industry and its cultivators. It has passed resolutions supporting the industry domestically and has also lobbied extensively with organizations like the WTO internationally.

text: The Indian administration along with the European Union and six other countries (Brazil, Chile, Japan, South Korea and Mexico) filed a complaint with the WTO against the Byrd Amendment which was formally known as the Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000 legislated by the US. The essence of this act was that non-US firms which sell below cost price in the US could be fined and the money is given to the US companies who made the complaint in the first place. The act adversely affected the commodities business of the complainant states and has since been repealed after WTO ruled the act to be illegal .

text: Furthermore, the Indian government took cognizance of the changed tea and coffee market and set up an Inter-Ministerial Committee (IMC) to look into their problems in late 2003. The IMC has recommended that the government share the financial burden of plantation industry on account of welfare measures envisaged for plantation workers mandated under the Plantation Labour Act 1951. Moreover, IMC has recommended to introduce means so that the agricultural income tax levied by the state governments can be slashed and the tea industry be made competitive. It has recommended that sick or bankrupt plantation estates should be provided with analogous level of relaxation for similarly placed enterprises/estates as are available to industries referred to BIFR.

text: A Special Tea Term Loan (STTL) for the tea sector was announced by the Indian government in 2004. It envisaged restructuring of irregular portions of the outstanding term/working capital loans in the tea sector with repayment over five to seven years and a moratorium of one year, which was to be on a case to case basis for large growers. The STTL also provides for working capital up to Rs. 2 lakhs at a rate not exceeding 9% to small growers.

text: In addition to these measures, the Tea Board plans to launch a new marketing initiative, which will include foray into new markets such as Iran, Pakistan, Vietnam and Egypt. It also plans to renew its efforts in traditional markets like Russia, the UK, Iraq and UAE. Noteworthy is its intent to double tea exports to Pakistan within a year.

text: Assam Orthodox Tea is set to receive the Geographical Indications (GI) exclusivity. A GI stamp identifies a certain product as emanating from the territory of a WTO member or region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is essentially attributable to its geographic origin.

text: The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs set up the Special Purpose Tea Fund (SPTF) under the tea Board on December 29, 2006. The aim is to fund replantation and rejuvenation (R&R) programme. In the same year, Tata Tea entered into an agreement to take over Jemca, which controls a 26 percent market share in the Czech Republic.

text: The CCEA gave its approval for pegging the subsidy at 25 per cent and adoption of a funding pattern of 25 per cent promoter's contribution, 25 per cent subsidy from the government and 50 per cent loan from the SPTF. Banks have also been instructed to increase the lending period to over 13 years.

text: Beginning in 2013, the Union Ministry of Commerce and Industry has been actively promoting the sale of tea in the country's top five export markets for that product: Egypt, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and the United States.[8]

text: Demand for a separate time zone[edit]

text: Tea gardens in Assam do not follow the Indian Standard Time (IST), which is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka. The local time in Assam's tea gardens, known as "Tea Garden Time" or Bagantime, is an hour ahead of the IST.[9] The system was introduced during British days keeping in mind the early sunrise in this part of the country.

text: By and large, the system has subsequently been successful in increasing the productivity of tea garden workers as they save on daylight by finishing the work during daytime, and vice versa. Working time for tea labourers in the gardens is generally between 9 a.m. (IST 8 a.m.) to 5 p.m. (IST 4 p.m.) It may vary slightly from garden to garden.

text: Noted film maker Jahnu Barua has been campaigning for a separate time zone for the north east region.[9]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Sagina Mahato, a 1970 Bengali film, directed by Tapan Sinha, deal with labour rights in the tea plantations in the Northeast during the British Raj.

text: Paradesi (2013 film) (English: Vagabond) is a 2013 Indian Tamil drama film written and directed by Bala. The film is based on real life incidents that took place before independence in the 1930s especially in southern tea estates.


document_title: Honda CB77

question_text: zen and the art of motorcycle maintenance bikes

text: Honda CB77

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: The CB77 had, at only 305cc, a relatively big engine in comparison to most other Japanese bikes of the period, although it had performance to rival much larger motorcycles from other countries.[citation needed] It quickly built a reputation for reliability, and was equipped with luxuries such as an electric starter.[3]

text: The CB77 was built on the experience Honda had gained in Grand Prix racing, and differed greatly from previous models.[which?] It had a steel-tube frame instead of the pressed frames of earlier Hondas,[5] and a telescopic front fork.[1] The parallel twin engine, the biggest then available in a Honda, was an integral element of the bike's structure, providing stiffness in a frame that had no downtube, and was capable of 9,000 rpm. It could propel the bike at over 100 mph; as fast as British parallel twins with higher displacements, and with great reliability. Cycle World tested its average two-way top speed at 168.3 km/h (104.6 mph), and its 1⁄4 mi (0.40 km) time at 16.8 seconds reaching 83 mph (134 km/h).[2]

text: Author Aaron Frank called it, "the first modern Japanese motorcycle... that established the motorcycle that we still operate under now, more than forty years later."[5]

text: Related bikes[edit]

text: Honda also produced a lower-powered 247 cc (15.1 cu in) version called the CB72 Hawk, which otherwise had the same specifications. In 1962, Honda introduced an off-road bike, the CL72 250 Scrambler, with the same engine as the Hawk but with a different, full-cradle frame with a skid plate and other adjustments for off-road use. In 1965, the CL77 305 Scrambler appeared, with the bigger engine of the Super Hawk but otherwise similar to the CL72.[5] Elvis rode a CB77 in the 1964 movie Roustabout.

text: Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance[edit]

text: Robert M. Pirsig rode a CB77 Super Hawk on the trip he made with his son and their friends in 1968 on a two-month round trip from their home in St. Paul, Minnesota to Petaluma, California, which became the basis for the novel Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values.[3][6][7] The novel never mentions the make or model of Pirsig's motorcycle,[8] but does discuss their companions', John and Sylvia Sutherland's, new BMW, an R60/2.[9] The R60/2, prized for its place in motorcycle literature, has changed hands and is still regularly ridden, while Pirsig was, as of 2007[update], still the owner of his CB77 Super Hawk.[10]