document_title: Geronimo Stilton

question_text: the main character of book one of paradise lost is

text: Geronimo Stilton

text: Overview[edit]

text: In the series, the title character is a talking mouse who lives in New Mouse City on Mouse Island. A best-selling author, Geronimo Stilton[3] works as a journalist and editor for the fictional newspaper The Rodent's Gazette.

text: He has a younger sister named Thea Stilton,[4] a cousin named Trap Stilton,[4] and a favorite little nephew, nine-year-old Benjamin Stilton.[4] Geronimo is a nervous, mild-mannered mouse who would like nothing better than to live a quiet life, but he keeps getting involved in far-away adventures with Thea, Trap, and Benjamin, and sometimes Aunt Sweetfur. The books are written as though they are autobiographical adventure stories.

text: The work of an Italian author under a pseudonym, the series has become the most popular children's book series in Italy[citation needed] and the books have been translated into 35 languages. [5]

text: Papercutz obtained the rights to publish English translations of the graphic novels of Geronimo Stilton. These retain some of the original names of the characters that were changed in the storybooks translated by Scholastic. For example, the English translations of the graphic novels by Papercutz continue to use the names "Patty Spring" and "Pandora", while the storybooks by Scholastic changed these names to Petunia Pretty Paws and Bugsy Wugsy, respectively.

text: The books[edit]

text: Geronimo Stilton books[edit]

text: This article lacks ISBNs for the books listed in it. Please make it easier to conduct research by listing ISBNs. If the {{Cite book}} or {{citation}} templates are in use, you may add ISBNs automatically, or discuss this issue on the talk page. (September 2017)

text:
Lost Treasure of the Emerald Eye (February 2004)
The Curse of the Cheese Pyramid (February 2004)
Cat and Mouse in a Haunted House (February 2004)
I'm Too Fond of My Fur! (February 2004)
Four Mice Deep in the Jungle (March 2004)
Paws Off, Cheddarface! (April 2004)
Red Pizzas for a Blue Count (May 2004)
Attack of the Bandit Cats (June 2004)
A Fabumouse Vacation for Geronimo (July 2004)
All Because of a Cup of Coffee (August 2004)
It's Halloween, You 'Fraidy Mouse! (September 2004)
Merry Christmas, Geronimo! (October 2004)
The Phantom of the Subway (November 2004)
The Temple of the Ruby of Fire (December 2004)
The Mona Mousa Code (January 2005)
A Cheese-Colored Camper (February 2005)
Watch Your Whiskers, Stilton! (March 2005)
Shipwreck on the Pirate Islands (April 2005)
My Name is Stilton, Geronimo Stilton (May 2005)
Surf's Up, Geronimo! (June 2005)
The Wild, Wild West (July 2005)
The Secret of Cacklefur Castle (August 2005)
Valentine's Day Disaster (January 2006)
Field Trip to Niagara Falls (March 2006)
The Search for Sunken Treasure (June 2006)
The Mummy with No Name (August 2006)
The Christmas Toy Factory (October 2006)
Wedding Crasher (January 2007)
Down and Out Down Under (March 2007)
The Mouse Island Marathon (June 2007)
The Mysterious Cheese Thief (August 2007)
Valley of the Giant Skeletons (January 2008)
Geronimo and the Gold Medal Mystery (April 2008)
Geronimo Stilton, Secret Agent (July 2008)
A Very Merry Christmas (October 2008)
Geronimo's Valentine (January 2009)
The Race Across America (April 2009)
A Fabumouse School Adventure (July 2009)
Singing Sensation (October 2009)
The Karate Mouse (January 2010)
Mighty Mount Kilimanjaro (April 2010)
The Peculiar Pumpkin Thief (July 2010)
I'm Not a Supermouse! (October 2010)
The Giant Diamond Robbery (January 2011)
Save the White Whale! (April 2011)
The Haunted Castle (July 2011)
Run for the Hills, Geronimo! (October 2011)
The Mystery in Venice (January 2012)
The Way of the Samurai (April 2012)
This Hotel is Haunted! (July 2012)
The Enormouse Pearl Heist (October 2012)
Mouse in Space! (February 2013)
Rumble in the Jungle (April 2013)
Get Into Gear, Stilton! (July 2013)
The Golden Statue Plot (October 2013)
Flight of the Red Bandit (January 2014)
The Stinky Cheese Vacation (July 2014)
The Super Chef Contest (October 2014)
Welcome to Moldy Manor (January 2015)
The Treasure of Easter Island (July 2015)
Mouse House Hunter (October 2015)
Mouse Overboard! (January 2016)
The Cheese Experiment (July 2016)
Magical Mission (October 2016)
Bollywood Burglary (January 2017)
Operation: Secret Recipe (July 2017)
The Chocolate Chase (October 2017)
Cyber-Thief Showdown (January 2018)
Hug a Tree, Geronimo (July 2018)

text: Special editions[edit]

text:
A Christmas Tale (October 2005)
Christmas Catastrophe (October 2007)
The Hunt for the Golden Book (April 2014)
The Hunt for the Curious Cheese (April 2015)
The Phoenix of Destiny: An Epic Kingdom of Fantasy Adventure (September 2015)
The Hunt for the Secret Papyrus (April 2016)
The Hunt for the Hundredth Key (April 2017)
The Dragon of Fortune: An Epic Kingdom of Fantasy Adventure (September 2017)
The Hunt for the Colosseum Ghost (March 2018)

text: Kingdom of Fantasy books[edit]

text:
The Kingdom of Fantasy (October 2009)
The Quest for Paradise: The Return to the Kingdom of Fantasy (October 2010)
The Amazing Voyage: The Third Adventure in the Kingdom of Fantasy (September 2011)
The Dragon Prophecy: The Fourth Adventure in the Kingdom of Fantasy (September 2012)
The Volcano of Fire: The Fifth Adventure in the Kingdom of Fantasy (September 2013)
The Search for Treasure: The Sixth Adventure in the Kingdom of Fantasy (September 2014)
The Enchanted Charms: The Seventh Adventure in the Kingdom of Fantasy (June 2015)
The Hour of Magic: The Eighth Adventure in the Kingdom of Fantasy (June 2016)
The Wizard's Wand: The Ninth Adventure in the Kingdom of Fantasy (September 2016)
The Ship of Secrets: The Tenth Adventure in the Kingdom of Fantasy (July 2017)

text: Journey Through Time books[edit]

text:
The Journey Through Time (February 2014)
Back in Time: The Second Journey Through Time (February 2015)
The Race Against Time: The Third Journey Through Time (February 2016)
Lost in Time: The Fourth Journey Through Time (February 2017)
No Time to Lose: The Fifth Journey Through Time (February 2018)

text: Thea Stilton books[edit]

text:
Thea Stilton and the Dragon's Code (April 2009)
Thea Stilton and the Mountain of Fire (September 2009)
Thea Stilton and the Ghost of the Shipwreck (March 2010)
Thea Stilton and the Secret City (June 2010)
Thea Stilton and the Mystery in Paris (November 2010)
Thea Stilton and the Cherry Blossom Adventure (March 2011)
Thea Stilton and the Star Castaways (June 2011)
Thea Stilton: Big Trouble in the Big Apple (September 2011)
Thea Stilton and the Ice Treasure (December 2011)
Thea Stilton and the Secret of the Old Castle (March 2012)
Thea Stilton and the Blue Scarab Hunt (June 2012)
Thea Stilton and the Prince's Emerald (September 2012)
Thea Stilton and the Mystery on the Orient Express (December 2012)
Thea Stilton and the Dancing Shadows (March 2013)
Thea Stilton and the Legend of the Fire Flowers (June 2013)
Thea Stilton and the Spanish Dance Mission (September 2013)
Thea Stilton and the Journey to the Lion's Den (December 2013)
Thea Stilton and the Great Tulip Heist (March 2014)
Thea Stilton and the Chocolate Sabotage (June 2014)
Thea Stilton and the Missing Myth (December 2014)
Thea Stilton and the Lost Letters (June 2015)
Thea Stilton and the Tropical Treasure (December 2015)
Thea Stilton and the Hollywood Hoax (June 2016)
Thea Stilton and the Madagascar Madness (December 2016)
Thea Stilton and the Frozen Fiasco (June 2017)
Thea Stilton and the Venice Masquerade (December 2017)
Thea Stilton and the Niagara Splash! (May 2018)

text: Thea Stilton special editions[edit]

text:
The Journey to Atlantis (October 2012)
The Secret of the Fairies (October 2013)
The Secret of the Snow (October 2014)
The Cloud Castle (October 2015)
The Treasure of the Sea (October 2016)
The Land of Flowers (October 2017)

text: Creepella von Cacklefur books[edit]

text:
The Thirteen Ghosts (August 2011)
Meet Me in Horrorwood (August 2011)
Ghost Pirate Treasure (February 2012)
Return of the Vampire (August 2012)
Fright Night (August 2013)
Ride for Your Life! (August 2014)
A Suitcase Full of Ghosts (August 2015)
The Phantom of the Theater (August 2016)
The Haunted Dinosaur (August 2017)

text: Cavemice books[edit]

text:
The Stone of Fire (January 2013)
Watch Your Tail! (May 2013)
Help, I'm in Hot Lava! (November 2013)
The Fast and the Frozen (February 2014)
The Great Mouse Race (June 2014)
Don't Wake the Dinosaur! (November 2014)
I'm a Scaredy-Mouse! (March 2015)
Surfing for Secrets (July 2015)
Get the Scoop, Geronimo! (November 2015)
My Autosaurus Will Win! (March 2016)
Sea Monster Surprise (July 2016)
Paws Off the Pearl! (November 2016)
The Smelly Search (March 2017)
Shoo, Caveflies! (July 2017)
A Mammoth Mystery (November 2017)

text: Spacemice books[edit]

text:
Alien Escape (April 2014)
You're Mine, Captain! (August 2014)
Ice Planet Adventure (February 2015)
The Galactic Goal (May 2015)
Rescue Rebellion (September 2015)
The Underwater Planet (February 2016)
Beware! Space Junk! (May 2016)
Away in a Star Sled (September 2016)
Slurp Monster Showdown (February 2017)
Pirate Spacecat Attack (May 2017)
We'll Bite Your Tail, Geronimo! (September 2017)
The Invisible Planet (February 2018)

text: Micekings books[edit]

text:
Attack of the Dragons (April 2016)
The Famouse Fjord Race (August 2016)
Pull the Dragon's Tooth! (December 2016)
Stay Strong, Geronimo! (April 2017)
The Mysterious Message (August 2017)
The Helmet Holdup (December 2017)
The Dragon Crown (April 2018)

text: Thea Stilton: Mouseford Academy books[edit]

text:
Drama at Mouseford (October 2014)
The Missing Diary (October 2014)
Mouselets in Danger (November 2014)
Dance Challenge (November 2014)
The Secret Invention (February 2015)
A Mouseford Musical (February 2015)
Mice Take the Stage (December 2015)
A Fashionable Mystery (December 2015)
The Mysterious Love Letter (May 2016)
A Dream on Ice (May 2016)
Lights, Camera, Action! (September 2016)
Mice on the Runway
Sea Turtle Rescue
The Secret Notebook
The Friendship Recipe
The Royal Ball

text: Geronimo Stilton Graphic Novels by PapercutZ[edit]

text: As of August 2017, 19 English translations of the graphic novels have been published.

text:
The Discovery of America (18 August 2009)
The Secret of the Sphinx (18 August 2009)
The Coliseum Con (24 November 2009)
Following the Trail of Marco Polo (13 April 2010)
The Great Ice Age (6 July 2010)
Who Stole the Mona Lisa? (26 October 2010)
Dinosaurs in Action (1 February 2011)
Play It Again, Mozart! (13 September 2011)
The Weird Book Machine (31 January 2012)
Geronimo Stilton Saves the Olympics (5 June 2012)
We'll Always Have Paris (2 October 2012)
The First Samurai (19 March 2013)
The Fastest Train in the West (10 December 2013)
The First Mouse on the Moon (24 June 2014)
All for Stilton, Stilton for All! (13 January 2015)
Lights, Camera, Stilton! (4 August 2015)
The Mystery of the Pirate Ship (24 May 2016)
First to the Last Place on Earth! (22 November 2016)
Lost in Translation (29 August 2017)
Saving Liberty (17 April 2018)

text: Thea Stilton Graphic Novels by PapercutZ[edit]

text:
The Secret of Whale Island (30 April 2013)
Revenge of the Lizard Club (20 August 2013)
The Treasure of the Viking Ship (22 April 2014)
Catching the Giant Wave (30 September 2014)
The Secret of the Waterfall in the Woods (9 February 2016)
The Thea Sisters and the Mystery at Sea (30 August 2016)
A Song for the Thea Sisters (14 March 2017)
The Thea Sisters and the Secret Treasure Hunt (26 December 2017)

text: Characters in the Geronimo Stilton Graphic Novels[edit]

text: The characters of Geronimo Stilton also used their other names from the second to the sixth novel.

text: The Secret of the Sphinx:

text:
Stiltons (land far from Egypt):

Geronimo Stilton: Geron-Ankh-Amon
Patty Spring (originally Petunia Pretty Paws): Pat-Nefret
Trap: Rat-Trap
Benjamin: Ben-Ja-Pet
Pandora (originally Bugsy Wugsy): Pan-Do-Rat

Pirate Cats (Priests and temple dancer of Goddess Bastet)

Tersilla: Rat-Shepsut
Catardone III: Cat-Sinuhe
Bonzo: Bon-Zezet

Characters of Ancient Egypt:

Noble Vizier, Rat-Karue
Chief Architect of Pharaoh, Ratty-Atum
Pharaoh Chephren
The Queen
Pharaoh's Son, Micerino

text: The Coliseum Con:

text:
Stiltons:

Geronimo: Geronimus Stiltonius
Nosymouse Squeak (originally Hercule Poirat): Nosymousius Squeakius
Thea, Benjamin and Pandora: Visitors

Pirate Cats (Noble Family of Alexandria; Egypt, and worker):

Tersilla: Licinia Mousilla / Matron
Catardone III: Catardonius Catardicus
Bonzo: Caius Bonzus

Characters of Ancient Rome:

Divine Emperor, Titus
Architect, Flavianus Raticum

text: Following the Trail of Marco Polo:

text:
Stiltons (Venetian merchants):

Geronimo: Geronimo Stiltonin
Patty: Mistress Patricia
Trap: Trapolon
Benjamin: Benjamino
Pandora: Pandorama

Pirate Cats (Venetian merchants):

Tersilla: Ratilla Ratini
Catardone III: Ratardone
Bonzo: Ratonzo Raton

Characters of Khanbalik Imperial Palace:

Lord of Mongolian Empire, Kublai Khan
Writer of Diary, Marco Polo
Marco Polo's father, Niccolo Polo
Marco Polo's uncle, Matteo Polo
Official for Kublai Khan, Mouse-Chechung

text: The Great Ice Age:

text:
Stiltons:

Geronimo: Geronimut Stiltonut
Patty: Pattut
Trap: Trapput
Benjamin: Benjamut
Pandora: Pandorut

Pirate Cats: Gods of Lightning
Characters of the Wurm Glaciation:

Leader of Tribe, Rat-Kun
Children of Rat-Kun, Rat-Rat and Ratuk
Rodents of Rat-Kun tribe

text: Who Stole the Mona Lisa?:

text:
Stiltons (Marseille Merchants):

Geronimo: Gerome Stiltoneaux
Thea: Thea
Trap: Trapofalon
Benjamin: Belmouse
Pandora: Pandorette

Pirate Cats (Painters/Assistants)

Tersilla: Thea (disguised)
Catardone III: Catard of Cat
Bonzo: Bonzeton Lebonze

Characters of Amboise:

Leonardo's servant, Battista
Machine creator, Leonardo da Vinci
Francis I of France

text: Other media[edit]

text: There are also audio-cassette and CD versions of the Geronimo Stilton books published by Scholastic Audio Books. There are three stories in the first three collections (1–3, 4–6, 7–9), book 10 is sold by itself, and the remaining books are sold in pairs (11–12, 13–14, 15–16, 17–18, 20–21, 22 and 24, 25–26). Books 1 through 10 are read by Edward Herrmann. Books 11–18, 20–22 and 24, and 25–26 are read by Bill Lobley.

text: TV series[edit]

text: An animated series of 26 episodes in each Season which debuted in Belgium and the Netherlands on 21 September 2009.[6] A third season is currently in production.[citation needed]

text: Theatre[edit]

text: In 2016, Oregon Children's Theatre produced Geronimo Stilton: Mouse in Space, a world-premiere adaptation of Mouse in Space! by John Maclay, and the first live-action production of Geronimo Stilton media in the United States. [7]

text: Musical theatre[edit]

text: The 'Kingdom of Fantasy' series has been developed into a live show, which has been performed in Spanish in Barcelona, Spain,[8] Dutch in The Netherlands,[9] Dutch/Flemish in Belgium and in both English and French in Montreal, Canada.[10]

text: Comics/graphic novels[edit]

text: Papercutz has been publishing Geronimo Stilton graphic novels since 2009; they have published a line of Thea Stilton graphic novels since 2013.

text: The Rodent's Gazette Online[edit]

text: The Rodent's Gazette is Geronimo Stilton's most "famouse" newspaper in New Mouse City. It is updated every few months, with stories based on Geronimo Stilton's latest books and adventures. It is also the official Geronimo Stilton website for English readers.[citation needed]

text: The editors at Scholastic have stopped writing more top stories since early 2006. The "Book Reviews" section of the site is still being updated with summaries, book covers, and reviews about each of Geronimo's latest adventures.[citation needed]


document_title: Westerlies

question_text: how will a wind blowing to the south in the northern hemisphere be affected by the coriolis effect

root

text: Westerlies

text: Behavior[edit]

text: If the Earth were a non-rotating planet, solar heating would cause winds across the mid-latitudes to blow in a poleward direction, away from the subtropical ridge. However, the Coriolis effect caused by the rotation of Earth causes winds to steer to the right of what would otherwise be expected across the Northern Hemisphere, and left of what would be expected in the Southern Hemisphere.[3] This is why winds across the Northern Hemisphere tend to blow from the southwest, but they tend to be from the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere.[4] When pressures are lower over the poles, the strength of the westerlies increases, which has the effect of warming the mid-latitudes. This occurs when the Arctic oscillation is positive, and during winter low pressure near the poles is stronger than it would be during the summer. When it is negative and pressures are higher over the poles, the flow is more meridional, blowing from the direction of the pole towards the equator, which brings cold air into the mid-latitudes.[5]

tag: p

text: Throughout the year, the westerlies vary in strength with the polar cyclone. As the cyclone reaches its maximum intensity in winter, the westerlies increase in strength. As the cyclone reaches its weakest intensity in summer, the Westerlies weaken.[6] An example of the impact of the westerlies is when dust plumes, originating in the Gobi desert combine with pollutants and spread large distances downwind, or eastward, into North America.[7] The westerlies can be particularly strong, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, where there is less land in the middle latitudes to cause the progression of west to east winds to slow down. In the Southern hemisphere, because of the stormy and cloudy conditions, it is usual to refer to the westerlies as the roaring forties, furious fifties and shrieking sixties according to the varying degrees of latitude.[8]

text: Impact on ocean currents[edit]

text: Due to persistent winds from west to east on the poleward sides of the subtropical ridges located in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, ocean currents are driven in a similar manner in both hemispheres. The currents in the Northern Hemisphere are weaker than those in the Southern Hemisphere due to the differences in strength between the westerlies of each hemisphere.[9] The process of western intensification causes currents on the western boundary of an ocean basin to be stronger than those on the eastern boundary of an ocean.[10] These western ocean currents transport warm, tropical water polewards toward the polar regions. Ships crossing both oceans have taken advantage of the ocean currents for centuries.

text: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), or the West Wind Drift, is an ocean current that flows from west to east around Antarctica. The ACC is the dominant circulation feature of the Southern Ocean and, at approximately 125 Sverdrups, the largest ocean current.[11] In the northern hemisphere, the Gulf Stream, part of the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, has led to the development of strong cyclones of all types at the base of the Westerlies, both within the atmosphere and within the ocean.[12][13][14] The Kuroshio (Japanese for "Black Tide") is a strong western boundary current in the western north Pacific Ocean, similar to the Gulf Stream, which has also contributed to the depth of ocean storms in that region.

text: Extratropical cyclones[edit]

text: An extratropical cyclone is a synoptic scale low pressure weather system that has neither tropical nor polar characteristics, being connected with fronts and horizontal gradients in temperature and dew point otherwise known as "baroclinic zones".[15]

text: The descriptor "extratropical" refers to the fact that this type of cyclone generally occurs outside of the tropics, in the middle latitudes of the planet, where the Westerlies steer the system generally from west to east. These systems may also be described as "mid-latitude cyclones" due to their area of formation, or "post-tropical cyclones" where extratropical transition has occurred,[15][16] and are often described as "depressions" or "lows" by weather forecasters and the general public. These are the everyday phenomena which along with anti-cyclones, drive the weather over much of the Earth.

text: Although extratropical cyclones are almost always classified as baroclinic since they form along zones of temperature and dewpoint gradient, they can sometimes become barotropic late in their life cycle when the temperature distribution around the cyclone becomes fairly uniform along the radius from the center of low pressure.[17] An extratropical cyclone can transform into a subtropical storm, and from there into a tropical cyclone, if it dwells over warm waters and develops central convection, which warms its core and causes temperature and dewpoint gradients near their centers to fade.[18]

text: Interaction with tropical cyclones[edit]

text: When a tropical cyclone crosses the subtropical ridge axis, normally through a break in the high-pressure area caused by a system traversing the Westerlies, its general track around the high-pressure area is deflected significantly by winds moving towards the general low-pressure area to its north. When the cyclone track becomes strongly poleward with an easterly component, the cyclone has begun recurvature, entering the Westerlies.[19] A typhoon moving through the Pacific Ocean towards Asia, for example, will recurve offshore of Japan to the north, and then to the northeast, if the typhoon encounters southwesterly winds (blowing northeastward) around a low-pressure system passing over China or Siberia. Many tropical cyclones are eventually forced toward the northeast by extratropical cyclones in this manner, which move from west to east to the north of the subtropical ridge. An example of a tropical cyclone in recurvature was Typhoon Ioke in 2006, which took a similar trajectory.[20]


document_title: The X-Files (season 10)

question_text: when does the new season of x-files come out

text: The X-Files (season 10)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
David Duchovny as Fox Mulder, an FBI special agent assigned to the newly reopened X-Files division. He remains a believer in the paranormal and the existence of extraterrestrial life, though, throughout the season, his faith begins to waver.
Gillian Anderson as Dana Scully, a medical doctor and FBI special agent assigned to the X-Files. Although an initial skeptic, after Mulder's abduction, she became more open-minded about the possibility of extraterrestrial life.
Mitch Pileggi as Walter Skinner, an assistant director at the FBI and an ally of Mulder and Scully's.a

tag: ul

text: a ^ Only credited for the episodes he appears in.

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
William B. Davis as Cigarette Smoking Man, a former government official, and nemesis of Mulder and Scully, who worked to cover up the truth of the existence of aliens and their plan to colonize the Earth.
Joel McHale as Tad O'Malley, an Internet news anchor who is an ally of Mulder's.
Lauren Ambrose as Agent Liz Einstein, a medical doctor, Miller's partner, and a hard-skeptic.
Robbie Amell as Agent Kyd Miller, an open-minded FBI agent who believes in the paranormal, and is Einstein's partner.
Aliza Vellani as Sandeep, a nurse at the Our Lady of Sorrows Hospital. She acts as an assistant to Dana Scully.

text: Guest cast[edit]

text:
Annabeth Gish as Monica Reyes, an FBI special agent and ally to Mulder and Scully who was formerly assigned to the X-Files division.
Bruce Harwood as John Fitzgerald Byers, a member of The Lone Gunmen.
Tom Braidwood as Melvin Frohike, a member of The Lone Gunmen.
Dean Haglund as Richard Langly, a member of The Lone Gunmen.
Sheila Larken as Margaret Scully, Scully's mother.
Annet Mahendru as Sveta, a victim of multiple alien abductions.
Rhys Darby as Guy Mann, a shape-shifter.
Kumail Nanjiani as Pasha, an animal control officer.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Episodes marked with a double dagger () are episodes in the series' alien mythology arc.[6]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

203
1
"My Struggle"
Chris Carter
Chris Carter
January 24, 2016 (2016-01-24)
1AYW01
16.19[7]

204
2
"Founder's Mutation"
James Wong
James Wong
January 25, 2016 (2016-01-25)
1AYW05
9.67[8]

205
3
"Mulder and Scully Meet the Were-Monster"
Darin Morgan
Darin Morgan
February 1, 2016 (2016-02-01)
1AYW03
8.37[9]

206
4
"Home Again"
Glen Morgan
Glen Morgan
February 8, 2016 (2016-02-08)
1AYW02
8.31[10]

207
5
"Babylon"
Chris Carter
Chris Carter
February 15, 2016 (2016-02-15)
1AYW04
7.07[11]

208
6
"My Struggle II"
Chris Carter
Story by : Dr. Anne Simon & Dr. Margaret Fearon & Chris Carter
Teleplay by : Chris Carter
February 22, 2016 (2016-02-22)
1AYW06
7.60[12]

tag: table

text: Background[edit]

text: The X-Files aired from 1993 to 2002 on Fox and followed the efforts of federal agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) as they investigated crimes linked to the paranormal. Following the series' seventh season, however, Duchovny scaled back his involvement substantially, appearing in only half of the eighth season's episodes, and only starring in two of season nine's.[13][14] Likewise, during the ninth season, both Anderson and Carter had signed on at the last minute, with their contract extensions only lasting until the end of 2002, and Anderson specifically stated that she would leave the show following the conclusion of the season.[15][16][17] During these final two seasons, FBI agents John Doggett (Robert Patrick) and Monica Reyes (Annabeth Gish) became the series' new leads.[18][19] Executive producer Frank Spotnitz speculated that the show could extend into a tenth and possibly eleventh season, if the show was able to attract an audience.[15] However, the show lost viewers and was eventually cancelled by Fox.[20]

text: In 2008, both Duchovny and Anderson reprised their roles as Mulder and Scully in the film The X-Files: I Want to Believe. In several interviews around the release, series creator Chris Carter said that if The X-Files: I Want to Believe proved successful at the box office, a third installment would be made going back to the TV series' mythology, focusing specifically on the alien invasion and colonization of Earth foretold in the series finale, due to occur on December 22, 2012.[21][22] In an October 2009 interview, Duchovny said he would want to do a 2012 X-Files film, but did not know if he would get the chance.[23][24] Anderson stated in August 2012 that a third X-Files film was "looking pretty good".[25] At the New York Comic Con held October 10–13, 2013, Duchovny and Anderson reaffirmed that they and Carter are interested in making a third film, with Anderson saying "If it takes fan encouragement to get Fox interested in that, then I guess that's what it would be."[26] On January 17, 2015, Fox Television Group chairman and CEO Gary Newman revealed that there was network interest in reviving The X-Files, not as a film franchise, but as a six-episode limited run.[27]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The season had a two-night premiere on Fox, debuting on Sunday, January 24, 2016, with the following episode airing on Monday at 8:00 pm, the timeslot in which the remaining episodes also aired.[28] The premiere episode was screened at New York Comic Con on October 10, 2015.[29]

text: Internationally, the season premiered in Canada on CTV on January 24, 2016, simultaneous with the American broadcast.[30] It premiered in Ireland on RTÉ2 on January 26, 2016, two days after its U.S. premiere.[31] It premiered in Australia on Network Ten on January 31, 2016.[32] It premiered in the United Kingdom on Channel 5 on February 8, 2016, where it became the highest-rated drama in the channel's history.[33]

text: Fox International Channels, where available, premiered the series the day after the American premiere.[34][35]

text: Production[edit]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Once Newman revealed thoughts of bringing back the series, he noted that the revival would include "all key players": Carter, Duchovny, and Anderson.[36] Fox TV Group chairman Dana Walden later noted that finding the ideal time that the three key members of the series were free would pose a challenge.[37] At the time of the announcement, Duchovny was working on the NBC series Aquarius, and Anderson was involved in the BBC drama The Fall.[38] However, both co-stars expressed their desire to return to the series: prior to Newman's announcement, Anderson said that she would be "fucking overjoyed" if Fox brought back The X-Files, and Duchovny said that he would be "more than happy" to reprise his role as Mulder.[39][40] In a later interview with GQ magazine, Anderson revealed that, when asked about returning for a television continuation of the program, she was hesitant, since she assumed the network would want to order over twenty new episodes (the length of a season when the show had originally aired). When it was revealed that the network would only order a short run, she enthusiastically agreed to reprise her role.[41] Initially, Anderson was offered half the pay of Duchovny, but she negotiated her contract so that both leads received the same amount.[42]

text: Early on, it was reported that an offer went out for Mitch Pileggi, who played Walter Skinner, to reprise his role, and that "other key cast members will also return."[43] William B. Davis, the actor who portrayed Cigarette Smoking Man, also noted that he was asked about his availability during the summer of 2015, hinting that his character would return in some form.[44] Later, Duchovny revealed during his March 31, 2015 appearance on Late Show with David Letterman that both Pileggi and Davis would return for the season.[45] Pileggi confirmed his return in April 2015.[46] In an interview with XFilesNews.com, Carter expressed hope in having Robert Patrick and Annabeth Gish reprise their roles as John Doggett and Monica Reyes, respectively, although their involvement would be contingent upon their current acting commitments.[47] Patrick ruled out a return, but it was confirmed in August 2015 that Gish was returning for at least one episode.[48][49] Laurie Holden did not rule out a return as Marita Covarrubias,[50] but did not appear in any of the episodes. Joel McHale was announced as a guest star in June 2015, playing Tad O'Malley, an Internet news anchor who is an ally of Mulder's.[51] Carter chose to cast McHale after his roast of Barack Obama at the 2014 White House Correspondents' Dinner.[52]

text: Writing[edit]

text:
We're going to tell X-Files the way that we've always told them; we will of course set them in the time and place that they exist. We're telling contemporary stories about contemporary situations, true to Mulder and Scully's characters and their relationship and the passage of time.
“
”

—Chris Carter, on the nature of The X-Files revival.[47]

tag: div

text: Carter himself was also confirmed to be helming the project, serving as writer and executive producer.[43] Carter later confirmed that Darin Morgan and James Wong would return to the series as writers, and Glen Morgan would return in a "productorial position."[47] Wong and Glen Morgan had served as writers for the series during its first, second, and fourth seasons,[53][54][55] and Darin Morgan had provided several scripts for the series during its second and third seasons.[54][56] Following the announcement of the season, it was speculated as to whether long-time Carter collaborator Frank Spotnitz would return to assist with the writing, although this did not come to pass.[43] In addition, former X-Files writer Vince Gilligan noted that he would have enjoyed returning to the series, but his busy work schedule did not allow it; he later said, "I'll be watching every episode and rooting them on".[57][58]

text: Mark Snow also reprised his role as the series' composer.[47] "There are some new musical elements I've brought in for certain moments in the episodes," said Snow. "It's difficult to describe what is so completely different about them, except that there are some different sounds, different pulsing percussion elements, and different ambient designs, but the basic harmonic structure from the past is fairly intact."[59]

text: Prior to filming, Carter explained that he had "ideas for every [character]" and that the season would strive to tell fresh stories in a "very new political environment".[47] He explained that, since the original conclusion of the series back in 2002, he had been collecting noteworthy news stories for future use. Carter also revealed that the seasons' plot has no connection to the Season 10 comic book series, and is composed of both mythology episodes, as well as stand-alone "Monster-of-the-Week" episodes.[47] It was later confirmed by Carter that the first and sixth episodes would be mythology episodes, and others would be standalones.[6] Carter himself wrote the teleplays and directed the first, fifth, and sixth episodes.[58][60][61][62] The second, "Founder's Mutation", was written and directed by James Wong; the third, "Mulder and Scully Meet the Were-Monster", was written and directed by Darin Morgan; and the fourth episode, titled "Home Again", was written and directed by Glen Morgan.[63][64][65] Scientist and biology professor Anne Simon, who first consulted on the series' first-season finale episode "The Erlenmeyer Flask", and for the rest of the original series run, returned as a biology science advisor.[66] She later received writing credit for her contributions to the finale.[62] A seventh episode, based on a spec script, was written; however, it was not produced due to scheduling conflicts. According to Carter, if Fox orders more episodes, this unfilmed episode will be made.[67]

text: Filming[edit]

text: In March 2015, it was claimed by several sources that the network would order a short-run season of fewer than ten episodes, with an initial guess of six. The decision to cut the order down to only a few installments was reportedly done so that the network could work around the busy schedules of Duchovny and Anderson; Duchovny himself said he had no interest in doing a full season because: "We're all old, we don't have the energy for a full season."[40][43][68] The article also claimed that, if all went as planned, the season would begin filming in the summer of 2015.[43][69] It was also confirmed by both Davis and Carter that the series would return to Vancouver for filming.[44][47] Filming began on June 8 and finished on September 3.[58][70][71][72]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Reviews[edit]

text: Critical reception to this season has been mixed. The first and last episodes were met with lukewarm to negative reviews from critics, whereas episodes two through five were generally well received.[73] Overall, the review aggregator Metacritic gave it a score of 60 out of 100 based on 35 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[74] Likewise, Rotten Tomatoes gave the revival a 64% approval rating with an average score of 6.2 out of 10 based on 48 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "Gillian Anderson and David Duchovny's chemistry remains intact, but overall, The X-Files revival lacks the creative spark necessary to sustain the initial rush of nostalgia."[73]

text: "My Struggle" debuted to a select crowd at the 2015 New York Comic-Con, and critical reception was mostly positive. Sadie Gennis of TV Guide wrote, "The episode immediately establishes that this is not a reboot nor a mere cash grab, but a thoughtful continuation of the beloved franchise."[75] Chris Eggerstein of HitFix wrote that the tone of the revival was very reminiscent of the show's original run, and that "if you were a fan of the old X-Files, you're probably going to like the new X-Files just fine."[76] Jane Mulkerrins of The Telegraph called the debut "fresh" and "one of the highlights" of the convention. Furthermore, she noted that the premiere was popular with fans, who greeted the episode with a standing ovation.[77]

text: However, pre-release reviews of "My Struggle" released after the New York Comic-Con were more critical, with the consensus of many reviewers being that the first episode was not good.[78] Reviewing the premiere episode, Brian Lowry of Variety panned the revival of the series, "It's simply hard to escape the prevailing malaise of this being a deal-driven exercise, a chance to cash in on the name recognition of the title in a format that mitigated the time commitment for all concerned."[79] Similarly, Tim Goodman, writing for The Hollywood Reporter, described the premiere as "a very underwhelming hour that will force even diehard fans [...] to consider whether pushing onward is really worth the time.[80] Matt Fowler of IGN awarded it a 7.2 out of 10, denoting a "good" episode. Fowler wrote positively of Sveta's performance, and he also applauded the focus on the conspiracy as well as the episode's ending. However, he criticized it for having a "bored, disinterested tone".[81] Alex McCown of The A.V. Club reviewed the first three episodes of the revival and awarded them collectively a "B+". He largely derided the first episode, writing that "it indulges in all of [Chris Carter's] worst [writing] tendencies."[82] He was particularly critical of the episodes's expository monologues. Ultimately, he wrote that "the first episode demonstrates some of The X-Files' weaker tendencies, though it possesses a hokey charm, one that comes from pretending as though the past 15 years of television never happened."[82]

text: Pre-release reviews of the following two episodes were much more positive. McCown argued that it "immediately course corrects" with Wong's "Founder's Mutation"; he called the episode "smart" and "unsettling".[82] McCown lauded Morgan's "Mulder and Scully Meet the Were-Monster", writing that the episode ultimately "makes the case for why The X-Files is still worth having around."[82] Brian Tallerico of RogerEbert.com wrote that "Founder's Mutation" "perfectly blends show mythology (including Mulder and Scully's kid) with a modern plot" and that "Mulder and Scully Meet the Were-Monster" is "hysterical, smart and so much fun."[83] Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly reiterated these thoughts, arguing that "Founder's Mutation" is "an improvement over the premiere", and that Darin Morgan's episode is "a wild, playful, brain-twisting, heart-pulling, and above all adventurous episode of television."[84]

text:
The X-Files (season 10): Critical reception by episode

Season 10 (2016): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[85]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Before the season even began filming, an anonymous network insider revealed that Fox was interested in reviving the series because it would be a ratings success, noting: "The network feels that they can draw huge numbers and a PR drive to bring back a show which offers both drama and a built in cult following."[36] It was speculated that the success of the 24: Live Another Day event series, which aired in 2014, inspired Fox to revive The X-Files.[37]

text: "My Struggle" debuted on January 24, 2016, and was watched by 16.19 million viewers. It scored a 6.1 Nielsen rating in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic (Nielsen ratings are audience measurement systems that determine the audience size and composition of television programming in the United States), which means that 6.1 percent of all individuals aged 18- to 49-years old were watching at the time of the episode's airing.[7] In terms of viewers, this made "My Struggle" the highest-rated premiere since the seventh season opener "The Sixth Extinction" in 1999, which was viewed by 17.82 million people,[86] as well as the most-watched episode of The X-Files to air since the eighth season episode "This Is Not Happening" in 2001, which was watched by 16.9 million viewers.[87] When DVR and streaming are taken into account, "My Struggle" was seen by 21.4 million viewers, scoring a 7.1 Nielsen rating.[88] The second episode, "Founder's Mutation", was viewed by 9.67 million.[8] The success of the first two episodes fueled speculation that Fox might order more episodes.[8][88][89]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"My Struggle"
January 24, 2016
6.1/19
16.19[7]
2.2
5.28
8.3
21.47[90]

2
"Founder's Mutation"
January 25, 2016
3.2/10
9.67[8]
1.9
4.71
5.1
14.38[91]

3
"Mulder and Scully Meet the Were-Monster"
February 1, 2016
2.7/8
8.37[9]
1.8
4.56
4.5
12.93[92]

4
"Home Again"
February 8, 2016
2.5/8
8.31[10]
1.6
3.66
4.1
11.97[93]

5
"Babylon"
February 15, 2016
2.1/7
7.07[11]
1.6
3.47
3.8
10.9[94]

6
"My Struggle II"
February 22, 2016
2.4/7
7.60[12]
1.3
3.47
3.7
11.07[95]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Ceremony
Category
Nominee(s)
Result

42nd Saturn Awards[96]
Best Science Fiction Television Series
The X-Files
Nominated

Best Actor on Television
David Duchovny
Nominated

Best Actress on Television
Gillian Anderson
Nominated

text: Future[edit]

text: In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, Duchovny stated that if the season were successful, he would be interested in another renewal, stating, "I would be open to doing another cycle. I don't know that I could do a 20-episode version of this show at this point in my life, and I don't know that Gillian could. But I think everybody is open ended on what happens after this. Certainly, we didn't bring it back with the idea of ending it."[97] At the 2016 Television Critics Association panel for the series, Carter stated, "If we do well in the ratings, I can't imagine we wouldn't be asked to do more."[98] Fox Television Group chairman and CEO Gary Newman stated that he and fellow executive Dana Walden would be open to another renewal, stating, "We would love to do this again, so we'd be on board if schedules can be worked out."[99] In an interview with Variety prior to the premiere, Anderson, Duchovny, and Walden stated their willingness for another renewal.[100] In an interview with TV Guide, Carter reaffirmed plans for more episodes, but stressed that everyone involved is waiting on the success of the season.[101]

text: On April 20, 2017, Fox officially announced that The X-Files would be returning for an eleventh season of ten episodes, which would air in the 2017–18 television season after filming in mid-2017.[102]

text: Home media release[edit]

text: The season was released on Blu-ray and DVD in region 1 on June 14, 2016. Special features include deleted and extended scenes; a gag reel; several featurettes – "The Makings of a Struggle", "Season X: An In-Depth Behind-the-Scenes Look at The Event Series", "Monsters of the Week: A Recap from the Wildest and Scariest from the Original Series", "The X-Files – Green Production PSA" and "Short Film – Grace by Karen Nielsen"; and three audio commentaries – "Founder's Mutation" with Chris Carter and James Wong, "Mulder & Scully Meet the Were-Monster" with David Duchovny, Gillian Anderson, Kumail Nanjiani and Darin Morgan and "My Struggle II" with Chris Carter and Gabe Rotter.[103]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ When Fox initially announced the string of episodes, the network referred to them collectively as an "event series".[1] After the episodes' release, Fox began referring to the string of episodes on their website as "season 10",[2] as did streaming sites like Amazon.com and Hulu,[3][4] and myriad critics.[5]

tag: ol


document_title: List of Star Wars filming locations

question_text: where did they film attack of the clones

text: List of Star Wars filming locations

text: Maps[edit]

text:
Mount Etna

Palace of Caserta

Hardangerjøkulen

Seville

Grindelwald

Balbianello

Skellig Michael

Locations in continental Europe

Tozeur

Nefta

Matmata

Ksar Ouled Soltane

Ksar Hadada

Ajim

Locations in Tunisia

Ealing Studios

Leavesden Studios

Shepperton Studios

Whippendell Woods

Studios & locations in the UK

text: Location filming[edit]

text:
Image
Location
Country
Episode
Setting
Notes

Ksar Hadada, Ghoumrassen
Tunisia
I
Tatooine: Mos Espa slave quarters
[1]

Ksar Ouled Soltane
Tunisia
I
Tatooine: Mos Espa slave quarters
30 km south of Tataouine[1]

Onk Jemal, Tozeur 33°59′39″N 7°50′34″E / 33.994030°N 7.842748°E / 33.994030; 7.842748
Tunisia
I
Tatooine: Mos Espa street set
Location of the lightsaber duel between Qui-Gon Jinn & Darth Maul; Mos Espa;[1]

Palace of Caserta
Italy
I, II
Naboo Royal Palace
[2]

Whippendell Woods, Cassiobury Park, Watford
UK
I
Naboo forest scene
First meeting of Qui-Gon Jinn and Obi-Wan Kenobi with Jar Jar Binks.[3][4]

Plaza de España in Seville
Spain
II
Naboo: City of Theed
[5]

Villa del Balbianello
Italy
II
Naboo lakeside
Used for Anakin and Padmé's wedding scene overlooking Lake Como [6]

Matmata
Tunisia
II, IV
Tatooine: Lars Homestead
Used for courtyard shots and Lars dinner scene. The homestead also featured in Attack of the Clones[1][7]

Phang Nga Bay, near Phuket
Thailand
III
Kashyyyk
Aerial footage of limestone karst mountains which was later composited into the film for the approach over the Battle of Kashyyyk [8]

Guilin
China
III
Kashyyyk
Footage of limestone karst mountains which was later composited into the film for the backdrop of Kashyyyk[9]

Mount Etna
Italy
III
Mustafar
The volcano erupted during filming of Episode III and Lucasfilm sent camera crews to shoot several angles of the eruption; footage was later composited into the background of the scenes set on Mustafar including the lightsaber duel of Obi-Wan Kenobi and Anakin Skywalker.[10][11]

Grindelwald
Switzerland
III
Alderaan
Footage of mountain scenery which was later composited into the film for the backdrop of the planet Alderaan[12]

Canary Wharf
UK
R1
Imperial Base
London's Canary Wharf tube station was used as the setting for the Imperial security complex on Scarif. The Norman Foster-designed station's escalators and glass safety doors are particularly noticeable in the film. [13]

Laamu Atoll
Maldives
R1
Planet Scarif
The Laamu Atoll makes up 82 of the 1,192 Maldivian islands. The atoll's Gan, which is one of the Maldives' largest islands, stood in for planet Scarif. [13]

Reynisfjara
Iceland
R1
Planet Eadu
A 20-minute drive from Vík í Mýrdal, Reynisfjara served as the setting for the planet Eadu. [13]

Wadi Rum
Jordan
R1
Planet Jedha
Wadi Rum is a popular desert location, also used in The Martian. This location earned the Royal Film Commission – Jordan the Location Managers Guild Award for best Film Commission in 2017. [14]

Chott el Djerid, near Nefta 33°50′34″N 7°46′45″E / 33.842850°N 7.779055°E / 33.842850; 7.779055
Tunisia
IV
Tatooine desert and Lars homestead
Area west of Nefta: chott used for the Lars homestead[1]

La Grande Dune, near Nefta
Tunisia
IV
Tatooine desert
Sand dunes west of Nefta used to film the landing area of the escape pod of C-3PO and R2-D2[1][15][16]

Tikal
Guatemala
IV
Yavin IV Rebel Base
Exterior panoramic shots over the Yavin IV jungle towards the Massassi Temple[17][18]

RAF Cardington, Bedfordshire
UK
IV, R1
Yavin IV Rebel Base
Interior of disused WWII airship sheds were used for the Rebel Base hangar scenes inside the Massassi Temple on the Fourth Moon of Yavin IV; Shed 1 was used in Ep.IV and Shed 2 was used for Rogue One.[19][20]

Death Valley National Park
United States
IV
Tatooine desert

Several Tatooine scenes:[17][21]

Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes - scene where R2D2 goes his separate way after he and C3P0 crash their escape pod on Tatooine (spliced with footage shot in Tunisia)
Artists Palette & Golden Canyon - Canyon where R2D2 is abducted by Jawas (spliced with footage shot at Sidi Bouhlel, Tunisia)
Artist's Drive - Where the miniature Sandcrawler was filmed for the shot of R2D2 being carried up to it by Jawas
Desolation Canyon - Canyon where Tusken Raiders mount Bantha before Luke Skywalker is attacked (spliced with Sidi Bouhlel footage)
Dante's View - panoramic establishing shot of Mos Eisley (spliced with Sidi Bouhlel footage of Luke and Obi-Wan standing on rocky outcrop)

Ajim, Island of Djerba
Tunisia
IV
Tatooine: Mos Eisley Spaceport
Scenes shot in the town include the exterior of the Mos Eisley Cantina. An old mosque outside the town (33°44′27″N 10°44′05″E / 33.740855°N 10.734859°E / 33.740855; 10.734859) was used for exterior shots of Obi-Wan Kenobi's house.[1]

Sidi Jemour, Island of Djerba
Tunisia
IV
Tatooine: Tosche Station
Location for the deleted exterior scenes with Luke and Biggs Darklighter; also used as a backdrop in the Special Edition for the scene showing Luke's landspeeder heading towards Mos Eisley[1][22]

Shubiel Gorge, Sidi Bouhlel (or Sidi Bou Helal), near Tozeur 34°02′11″N 8°16′49″E / 34.036255°N 8.280333°E / 34.036255; 8.280333
Tunisia
IV
Tatooine canyon

Several Tatooine scenes:[15][23]

Canyon where R2D2 is abducted by Jawas (spliced with footage shot at Death Valley, USA)
Canyon where Tusken Raiders attack Luke Skywalker (spliced with Death Valley footage)
Scene of wrecked Sandcrawler after attack by Imperial stormtroopers
Also features in The Phantom Menace.[1]

Hardangerjøkulen Glacier
Norway
V
Hoth
Exterior scenes during the battle of Hoth[24]

Twenty-Mule Team Canyon, Death Valley, California
USA
VI
Tatooine: Road to Jabba's Palace
Two Tatooine scenes:

C-3P0 and R2D2 walk up to the Palace of Jabba the Hutt on Tatooine.
"Lost scene" of Luke Skywalker working on a new lightsaber in a cave overlooking the Millennium Falcon and his X-wing, followed by R2D2 and C3PO starting their trek to Jabba's palace.

Buttercup Valley, Yuma Desert
United States
VI
Tatooine exteriors

Location used for the Great Pit of Carkoon scene [25][26]
Additional footage for the special edition of A New Hope of stormtroopers finding evidence of droids was shot here and cut in with original shots from La Grande Dune, Tunisia [27][28]

Del Norte County, CA
USA
VI
Endor forest scenes

Skellig Michael
Ireland
VII
Ahch-To: Luke's refuge
Final scenes: Rey meeting Luke Skywalker for the first time

Derwentwater, Cumbria
UK
VII
Takodana
Lakeside setting of Maz Kanata's Castle on Takodana; some Lakeland Fells in the background are altered with CGI[29]

Thirlmere, Cumbria
UK
VII
Takodana
Low-level X-Wing flight sequences over Takodana; the background was apparently flipped horizontally[29]

RAF Greenham Common, Berkshire
UK
VII
D'Qar
Disused missile silos formed the backdrop for the Resistance Base[30]

Puzzlewood, Forest of Dean
UK
VII
Starkiller Base
Forest scenes on the surface of Starkiller Base[31]

Rub' al Khali
UAE
VII
Jakku
[32]

Bovingdon Airfield, Hertfordshire
UK
R1
Battle scenes on the surface of Scarif
[33]

text: Studios[edit]

text:
Image
Location
Country
Episode
Setting
Notes

Ealing Studios
UK
II

Elstree Studios
UK
II, III, R1, IV, V, VI

The largest Stage 6 was built specifically for The Empire Strikes Back in 1979 (since demolished)

Leavesden Studios
UK
I

Pinewood Studios
UK
R1, VII

Shepperton Studios
UK
III, IV
Yavin
Stage H was used for the final awards ceremony at the end of Episode IV

Fox Studios, Sydney
Australia
II, III


document_title: School-leaving age

question_text: what age can you dropout of high school in canada

text: School-leaving age

text: Leaving age by country[edit]

text: Some countries have different leaving or employment ages, but in certain countries like China and Japan, the average age at which people graduate is 15, depending upon part-time or full-time learning or employment. The table below states the school leaving ages in countries across the world and their respective minimum employment age, showing a comparison of how many countries have synchronised these ages. All information is taken from the Right to Education Project's table unless otherwise indicated.[1]

text: Legend

text:
Color legend
Ages legend

  School leaving age higher

0 denotes education is not compulsory. (13) denotes part-time employment available from 13

  Employment age higher

0 denotes no minimum employment age as children could be, in theory, employed from birth

  Both ages synchronised

― denotes no information available

  No information / No age set

? denotes the age set is unknown

text: Africa[edit]

text:
#
Country
De jure
Education/
Employment gap
Year
Notes

School leaving age
Employment age

 Algeria
16
0
2011

 Angola
12
14
2
2010

 Benin
 ?
14

2005

 Botswana
 ?
15

2004

 Burkina Faso
16
15
-1
2009
.

 Burundi
12
16
4
2010

 Cameroon
14
0
2001

 Cape Verde
16
14
-2
2001

 Chad
15
 ?

2007

 Comoros
14
 ?

1998

 Congo
16
0
2006

 Egypt
14
0
2010

 Eritrea
13
14
1
2007

 Ethiopia
 ?

2005

 Gabon
16
0
2001

 Gambia
 ?

2000

 Ghana
15
12
-3
2005

 Guinea
16
0
2012

 Kenya
 ?

2006

 Libya
15
0
2002

 Madagascar
 ?
14

2010

 Malawi
 ?
14

2008

 Mozambique
 ?
15

2009

 Morocco
13
 ?

2003

 Namibia
16
14
-2
2011

 Niger
16
14
-2
2008

 Nigeria
15
 ?

2009

 Rwanda
16
0
2012

 Senegal
16
15
-1
2006

 Seychelles
15
0
2011

 Sierra Leone
15?
 ?

2006

 South Africa
15
0
2011
A child between the ages of 15 and 18 may only be employed if he or she has completed grade nine.[2]

 Sudan
 ?
14

2010
Includes South Sudan

 Tanzania
13?
14

2005

 Togo
15
14
-1
2010

 Tunisia
16
0
2008

 Uganda
 ?

2004

 Zambia
 ?

2002

 Zimbabwe
 ?

1995

text: North America[edit]

text:
#
Country
De jure
Education/
Employment gap
Year
Notes

School leaving age
Employment age

 Argentina
18
14
-4
2009

 Barbados
16
16?

1997

 Belize
14
0
2004

 Bolivia
16
14
-2
2009

 Brazil
17
15
-2
2010
Schooling is mandatory for children 6-16 (years 1-9 in the new Brazilian school system). After that, there is no legal obligation to stay in school. Students who want to qualify for university admission must however complete three additional years (years 10-12) of secondary school (ensino médio), thus normally leaving school at age 17 or 18, depending on one's birthday date. The minimum age for legal work is 17; at 15, one is allowed to have an apprenticeship contract.

 Canada
16 or 18 depending on province
16

2014
[3]

 Chile
18
15
-3
2005
Students finish their secondary education (Educación Media in Spanish) at age 18, and working is legal only if the underaged employee (age 17 or younger) is authorised by legal guardian or parents,

 Colombia
15
14
-1
2005

 Costa Rica
 ?
15

2010

 Cuba
16
0
2010

 Dominica
16
12
-4
2004?

 Dominican Republic
18
21
3
2007?

 Grenada
14
0
2009

 Guyana
15
0
2003

 Haiti
 ?
15

2002

 Jamaica
14
12
-2
2003

 Mexico
15
0
2014

 Paraguay
14
0
2009
Since the initiation of the Education Reform in 1993, basic education is for a period of nine years to the age of 15. According to the Constitution, compulsory education ends at 12.

 Peru
16
18
2
2009
(Work is legal at 15,16 if is authorised by legal guardian or parents)

 Saint Kitts and Nevis
16
0
1997

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 ?
14?

2001

 Suriname
10?
14

2005

 Trinidad and Tobago
12
0
2004

 United States
16-19*
14-18*

2010
The school leaving age varies from state to state with most having a leaving age of 16 or 17, but a handful having a leaving age of above that number.[4] Students who complete a certain level of secondary education ("high school") may take a standardized test and be graduated from compulsory education, the General Equivalency Degree. Gifted and talented students are also generally permitted by several states to accelerate their education so as to obtain a diploma prior to attaining the leaving age. Young people may seek employment at 14 in many states but, in practice, most employers seek someone slightly older. However, it is common for those aged 14 (and even younger) to gain employment in agriculture.
*Varies by State or Territory

 Uruguay
14
15
1
2006

 Venezuela
14
0
2007

text: Asia[edit]

text:
#
Country
De jure
Education/
Employment gap
Year
Notes

School leaving age
Employment age

 Afghanistan
 ?
15

2010

 Armenia
 ?
14

2011

 Azerbaijan
 ?
15

2005

 Bahrain
15
14
-1
2010

 Bangladesh
10
14
4
2008

 Brunei
 ?
14?

2003
Compulsory Education in Brunei from Primary Education to Secondary Education. Tertiary Education is encouraged.

 Burma
 ?
13

2011
De facto none

 Cambodia
 ?
15

2010

 China
15
16
1
2012
Compulsory education lasts 9 years. School leaving age is calculated under the assumption that pupils will enroll in school at age 6 or graduate high school at age 18.

 Georgia
14
16
2
2007

 India
14
14?

2003
The Government is making a law of compulsory education up to 14 years. Any person who wishes to continue his education can continue to work.

 Hong Kong, China
15
16
1
2012

 Indonesia
15
14
-1
2010?
The school leaving age varies among provinces with most having a leaving age of 15, but a handful having a leaving age of 18.

 Iran
16
15
-1
2003?

 Iraq
 ?
15

1996

 Israel
18
14
-4
2011?
The age of employment has been lowered, the school leaving age raised.

 Japan
15
0
2009
The vast majority (>90%) of Japanese students complete senior secondary education due to social pressures, despite the leaving age.

 Jordan
16
0
2006

 Lebanon
12
13
1
2005

 Mongolia
17
14
-3
2009

   Nepal
 ?
14

2004

 North Korea
16
0
2008

 South Korea
15
0
2011
The vast majority of Korean students complete senior secondary education due to social pressures as well as self-satisfaction, despite the leaving age. Government assistance is available to families.

 Kuwait
15
14
-1
2012

 Malaysia
17
14
-3
2006?
Primary school is compulsory, followed by secondary school. 17 is the school leaving age; one may leave only after the release of Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia results for admission to the tertiary education. 14 is the minimum employment age. Under-aged people are not allowed to be employed or they risk fines by the Ministry of Human Resources.

 Maldives
 ?
14

2006

 Pakistan
10
14
4
2009?
Although the minimum age for leaving school is 10 years or primary, which means a 7 year education, the minimum age of employment is considered to be 14. The 14 years old can do only light work and not hazardous employment.

 Philippines
18
15
-3
2015
The implementation of the K-12 program (see Education in the Philippines) also signaled the raise of the school leaving age to 18.

 Saudi Arabia
15
0
2010?
A student may leave school after the age of 15 if permission of his/her father is given. Otherwise, the student must complete school until the age of 18. The employment age in a part-time job or during school holidays is 15.

 Singapore
16
15
-1
2010?
Primary school is compulsory, followed by secondary school. 16 is the school leaving age; one may leave only after the release of Singaporean GCE 'O' Level results for admission to polytechnics, junior colleges, Institute of Technical Education, or work. 15 is the minimum employment age. Under-aged people are not allowed to be employed or they risk fines by the Ministry of Manpower.

 Sri Lanka
16
0
2014

For further information http://www.moe.gov.lk/sinhala/images/publications/Education_First_SL/Education_First_SL.pdf

 Syria
15
0
2010

 Taiwan
18
0
2010?

 Tajikistan
16
14
-2
2009

 Thailand
15
0
2011
Students must complete secondary education up to Matthayom 3 and then have the choice of proceeding to upper secondary, vocational schools or dropping out, however due to social pressures most students finish their secondary education and proceed to Matthayom 6, matriculation or other forms of pre-university education.

 United Arab Emirates
18
21
3
2001

 Uzbekistan
18
16
-2
2012

 Vietnam
18
15
-3
2011?
Junior High schools are now compulsory, but in some mountainous regions, many children leave schools earlier to help their parents. The government is trying to reduce that happening. Children must be at least 15 to be legally employed.

 Yemen
 ?
14

2004

text: Europe[edit]

text:
#
Country
De jure
Education/
Employment gap
Year
Notes

School leaving age
Employment age

 Andorra
16
0
2001

 Austria
15
0
2011

 Belarus
15
14
-1
2010

 Belgium
18
15
-3
2009?
Full-time education is compulsory from the age of 6 to 15. From the person's 16th to their 18th birthday, they are obliged to pursue at least part-time education so they have a choice between full-time or part-time education.

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
 ?
15

2011

 Bulgaria
16
0
2007

 Croatia
15
0
2003

 Cyprus
15
0
2011

 Czech Republic
15
0
2010

 Denmark
16
13
-3
2010

 England
16/18
13-15 (part time light work) 16+ (full time)

2015[5]
Full-time employment is illegal before the last Friday in June of Year Eleven even if the child is already 16.[6] Part-time employment may be undertaken from 14 and in certain cases, for example delivering newspapers, at 13. Rules coming into application in 2011 require all young people to continue with some kind of education or training until 18. Young people aged 16 or 17 may leave school if they enter training or an apprenticeship.

 Estonia
15
0
2002

 Finland
16
15
-1
2010
Citizens must complete comprehensive school. The age of finishing it varies depending on the age of starting school (mostly 7) and years held back. Most graduate from comprehensive school at the age of 16. Pupils who have not finished comprehensive school by the age of 17 (which is marginal) may quit school. Post-secondary (tertiary) education is voluntary.

 France
16
0
2010
The statutory minimum school leaving age is 16. There are, however, a few specific cases where young people may enter employment before the age of 16, such as employment in the parents' company, sporadic work, or young people who have left school early taking up an apprenticeship at 15, to name a few.[7]

 Germany
18
(15)
-3
2003
The statutory minimum school leaving age is essentially set at 18.[8] The federal Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetz (Youth Employment Protection Act) regulates the minimum employment age, which is set at 15.[9] However, from the person's 15th to their 18th birthday, they are obliged by state law to pursue at least part-time vocational secondary education, usually within the German dual education system. Some germans students leaving school at 17 and 6 months

 Greece
15
0
2011

 Hungary
16
0
2005

 Iceland
16
0
2010

 Ireland
16
(14)
-2
2000
The statutory minimum age is 16, except for those who have completed less than three years of secondary education, for whom it is 18.[10][11] The minimum working ages are: 14 during school holidays; 15 during term time; 16 for working up to 40 hours per week and 8 hours per day; 18 for working with no age-based restrictions.[10][12] Employees under 18 must be registered.[12] Exemptions may be specified by the Minister for Jobs; this has been done for close relatives.[12][13]

 Italy
16
0
2010

 Latvia
15
0
2005

 Liechtenstein
15
0
2005

 Lithuania
16
0
2011

 Luxembourg
18
0
1997

 Macedonia
18
15
-3
2009?
Compulsory secondary education starts year 2008 (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No. 49 from 18 April 2007).

 Malta
16
0
2012
Although the compulsory education ends at 16, an increasing number of children opt to further their studies while taking up part-time employment.

 Moldova
16
15
-1
2008

 Monaco
16
0
2012

 Montenegro
15
0
2010

 Netherlands
18
13
-5
2014
Education is compulsory from the age of 5 to 18. Secondary education is divided in several levels, with vmbo students typically graduating at age 16, havo students at 17 and vwo students at 18. After obtaining a havo or vwo diploma, the student is no longer obligated to go to school regardless of their age. Except those students which have done vmbo, they must have a mbo level 2 or higher diploma before quitting school.
Also, all children between those ages, even if they're refugees or new, have to attend school. Not attending school with-out proper reason for example; sickness or a doctors visit, is illegal and is seen as wagging which is seen as fraud and punishable by law. Until the age of 12 children cannot be punished by law, but as soon as your child or you turn 12 years of age or older, you can be held responsible for wagging. Punishments can be done as a fine, temporary jail time or a community service job done under supervision. Fines can be up to € 3 900 00. These punishments can be given to the student and/or his or her legal parent or guardian.

 Netherlands Antilles
15
12
-3
2010?

 Norway
16
15
-1
2009

 Northern Ireland
16
(15)
-1
2014[14]

 Poland
18
16
-2
2002
After graduating from Gimnazjum (usually at the age of 15 or 16) one can leave school but is legally required to continue education up to the age of 18. However, this requirement can be satisfied through "education during employment" without attending a school. This can be done as a part of employment, so technically the person leaves school and works full-time.

 Portugal
18
16
-2
2009

 Romania
18
15
-3
2008?

 Russia
15
0
2004

 San Marino
16
0
2003

 Scotland
16
(13)
-3
2013[15]
Compulsory education ends usually after the age of 16 which is generally after fourth year though for some is halfway through fifth year usually. However, many students stay on to fifth and/or sixth year, where qualifications are gained for entry to university. Restrictions apply to working hours of those 13 to 16 year (i.e. maximum hours, work permits, type of work) to ensure that employment fits round requirements of full-time education.

 Serbia
14
15
1
2007

 Slovakia
16
(14)
-2
2006?
From 14 to 17, only part-time jobs allowed.
Student can leave school after 10 years of school attendance (usually 16 years) or when first school year after his/her 16th birthday is finished (whatever comes first). Most students continue until maturita exam in last year of high school (student is usually 18 at that time).

 Slovenia
15
0
2012

 Spain
16
0
2009

 Sweden
16
0
2004

  Switzerland
15
0
2001

 Ukraine
17
16
-1
2010

 Wales
16
(14)
-2
2013[16]
Full-time work starts at 16.

text: Oceania[edit]

text:
#
Country
De jure
Education/
Employment gap
Year
Notes

School leaving age
Employment age

 Australia
15 or 17
14.5
1
2011

The minimum ages from 2009 will be the following:
Northern Territory - 15;
ACT - 15;
South Australia - 17;
Queensland - 17;
Students must remain in school until they turn 16 years of age or complete Year 10, which ever comes first. From there they must be "learning or earning" which means they must be employed at least 25 hours a week, or be in full time education or be in a combination of both part time employment and part time education which adds up to at least 25 hours a week until they turn 17 or complete Year 12 or equivalent, which ever comes first.
Victoria - 17;
Western Australia - 15;
NSW - 17 (if they want to not do their HSC they need to be working at least 25 hours per week or at TAFE studying until they turn 17);
Tasmania - 17.

 Fiji
 ?
12

1996

 Marshall Islands
14
18
4
2005

 F.S. Micronesia
14
 ?

1996

 New Zealand
16
0
2010
Those at least 15 may leave school with permission from the Ministry of Education.

 Papua New Guinea
 ?

2003

 Palau
17
 ?

2000

 Solomon Islands
 ?
12

2002

text: School retention by country[edit]

text:
Country
2009
OECD[17]
1986
Michael Hill[18]

 %-age in
full-time
education
(aged 15-19)
 %-age in
full-time
education
(aged 17)
Minimum
leaving
age
required

 Australia
78
50
15

 Austria
84
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Belgium
91
86
16

 Brazil
70
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Canada
80
79
15/16

 Czech Republic
93
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Denmark
89
75
16/17

 Estonia
89
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Finland
90
91
17

 France
90
80
16

 Germany
93
100
16

 Greece
88
55
14.5

 Hungary
93
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Iceland
88
41
15

 Ireland
83
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Israel
69
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Italy
84
46
14

 Japan

91
15

 Luxembourg
95
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Mexico
61
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Netherlands
90
87
16

 New Zealand
73
54
15

 Norway
81
76
16

OECD average
84
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Poland
94
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Portugal
85
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Slovak Republic
91
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Slovenia
94
N⁄A
N⁄A

 Spain
80
53
14

 Sweden
88
86
16

  Switzerland
85
83
15/16

 Turkey
56
N⁄A
N⁄A

 United Kingdom
78
49
16

 United States
85
89
17


document_title: Bareilly

question_text: who led the revolt of 1857 at barreily

question_tokens: who led the revolt of 1857 at barreily

text: Bareilly

text: History[edit]

text: According to the epic Mahābhārata, Bareilly region (Panchala) is said to be the birthplace of Draupadi, who was also referred to as 'Panchali' (one from the kingdom of Panchāla) by Kṛṣṇā (Lord Krishna). When Yudhishthira becomes the king of Hastinapura at the end of the Mahābhārata, Draupadi becomes his queen. The folklore says that Gautama Buddha had once visited the ancient fortress city of Ahichchhatra in Bareilly.[8] The Jain Tirthankara Parshva is said to have attained Kaivalya at Ahichchhatra.[9]

text: In the 12th century, the kingdom was under the rule by different clans of Kshatriya Rajputs. Then the region became part of the Muslim Turkic Delhi Sultanate for 325 years before getting absorbed in the emerging Mughal Empire. The foundation of the modern City of Bareilly foundation was laid by Mughal governor Mukrand Rai in 1657 during the rule of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

text: Later the region became the capital of Rohilkhand region before getting handed over to Nawab Vazir of Awadh and then to East India Company (transferred to the British India) and later becoming an integral part of India. The region has, also, acted as a mint for a major part of its history.

text: From archaeological point of view the district of Bareilly is very rich. The extensive remains of Ahichchhatra, the Capital town of Northern Panchala have been discovered near Ramnagar village of Aonla Tehsil in the district. It was during the first excavations at Ahichchhatra (1940–44) that the painted grey ware, associated with the advent of the Aryans in the Ganges–Yamuna Valley, was recognised for the first time in the earliest levels of the site. Nearly five thousand coins belonging to periods earlier than that of Guptas have been yielded from Ahichchhatra. It has also been one of the richest sites in India from the point of view of the total yield of terracotta. Some of the masterpieces of Indian terracotta art are from Ahichchhatra. In fact the classification made of the terracotta human figurines from Ahichchhatra on grounds of style and to some extent stratigraphy became a model for determining the stratigraphy of subsequent excavations at other sites in the Ganges Valley. On the basis of the existing material, the archaeology of the region helps us to get an idea of the cultural sequence from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC up to the 11th century AD. Some ancient mounds in the district have also been discovered by the Deptt. of Ancient History and culture, Rohilkhand University, at Tihar-Khera (Fatehganj West), Pachaumi, Rahtuia, Kadarganj and Sainthal.[9]

text: Establishment [edit]

text: Bareilly was founded in 1537 by Basdeo, a Katehriya Rajput. The city was first mentioned by the historian Budayuni, who wrote that Husain Quli Khan was appointed the governor of "Bareilly and Sambhal" in 1568. The divisions and revenue of the district "being fixed by Todar Mal" were recorded by Abul Fazl in 1596. The foundation of the modern city of Bareilly was laid by Mughal governor Mukrand Rai in 1657. In 1658, Bareilly became the headquarters of the province of Budaun.[10]

text: The Mughal policy of encouraging Afghan settlements to control the Katehriyas succeeded if the central government was strong. After Aurangzeb's death, the Afghans (who had become local potentates) began to seize and occupy neighbouring villages.

text: After the fall of the Mughal Empire, many Pathans migrated from Rohilkhand. Bareilly (like other cities in Uttar Pradesh) experienced economic stagnation and poverty, leading to the migration of Rohilla Muslim Pathans to Suriname and Guyana as indentured labour.[11][12]

text: British East India Company[edit]

text: Under Barech at the 1761 Third Battle of Panipat, Rohilkhand blocked the expansion of the Maratha Empire into northern India. In 1772 it was invaded by the Marathas, repulsing the invasion with the aid of the Nawab of Awadh. After the war, Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula demanded payment for the nawabs' help from Barech. When his demand was refused, the nawab joined the British (under Governor Warren Hastings and his Commander-in-Chief, Alexander Champion) to invade Rohilkhand. The combined forces of Daula and the Company defeated Barech (who was killed in battle at Miranpur Katra, ending Rohilla rule) in 1774.

text: Rohilkhand was handed over to Daula, and from 1774 to 1800 the province was ruled by the Nawab of Awadh. By 1801, subsidies due under the treaties to support a British force had fallen into arrears. To pay the debt, Nawab Saadat Ali Khan surrendered Rohilkhand to the East India Company in a treaty signed on 10 November 1801. [13]

text: During the reign of Shah Alam II, Bareilly was the headquarters of Rohilla Sardar Hafiz Rehmat Khan and many coins were minted. The city was later in the possession of Awadh Nawab Asaf-ud-Daulah, and his coins had Bareilly, Bareilly Aasfabad and the Bareilly kite and fish as identification marks. Coins were then minted by the East India Company.[14]

text: Modern period[edit]

text: After the Rohilla War, the change in the power structure increased discontent throughout the district. Increased taxation from 1812[15] to 1814 increased resentment of the British: "Business stood still, shops were shut and multitudes assembled near the courthouse to petition for the abolition of the tax." The Magistrate Dembleton, already unpopular, ordered the assessment to be made by a Kotwal. A skirmish between rebels and the sepoys (under Captain Cunningham) cost 300–400 lives. In 1818, Robert Glyn was posted as Acting Judge and Magistrate of Bareilly and the Joint Magistrate of Bulundshahr.[16]

text: Robert Glyn asked Ghulam Yahya to write an account of "craftsmen, the names of tools of manufacture and production and their dress and manners". The most popular trades in and around Bareilly during the 1820s were manufacturing glass, jewellery, glass and lac bangles and gold and silver thread, crimping, bean drying, wire drawing, charpoy weaving, keeping a grocer's shop and selling kebabs.[10]

text: Rebellion of 1857 [edit]

text: Bareilly was a centre of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The rebellion began as a mutiny of native soldiers (sepoys), employed by the British East India Company's army, against race- and religion-based injustices and inequities on 10 May 1857 in Meerut. It expanded into other mutinies and civilian rebellions, primarily in the major north-central Indian river valleys; local episodes extended northwest to Peshawar (on the northwest frontier with Afghanistan) and southeast (beyond Delhi). There were riots in many parts of Uttar Pradesh, and Muslims in Bareilly, Bijnor and Moradabad called for the revival of a Muslim kingdom.[17]

text: The Rohillas actively opposed the British, but were disarmed.[18] Khan Bahadur Khan Rohilla, grandson of Hafiz Rahmat Khan, formed his own government in Bareilly in 1857 and a widespread popular revolt in Awadh, Bundelkhand and Rohilkhand took place. In 1857, Khan Bhadur Khan issued silver coins from Bareilly as an independent ruler.[19] When the rebellion failed, Bareilly was subjugated. Khan Bahadur Khan was sentenced to death, and hanged in the police station on 24 February 1860.

text: Independence [edit]

text: Bareilly Central Jail housed a number of political prisoners during the British Raj, including Yashpal (who married while imprisoned on 7 August 1936 was the first such ceremony in an Indian jail). The rules were changed, preventing future prison marriages.[20]

text: Geography[edit]

text: Bareilly is in northern India, at 28°10′N 78°23′E / 28.167°N 78.383°E / 28.167; 78.383. On its east are Pilibhit and Shahjahanpur, Rampur on the west, Udham Singh Nagar (Uttarakhand) to the north and Badaun to the south. The city is level and well-watered, sloping towards the south. Its soil is fertile, with groves of trees. A rain forest in the north, known as the tarai, contains tigers, bears, deer and wild pigs. The river Sarda (or Gogra) forms the eastern boundary and is the principal waterway.[18] The Ramganga receives most of the drainage from the Kumaon mountains, and the Deoha also receives many small streams. The Gomati (or Gumti) is also nearby.[18]

text: Climate[edit]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Bareilly

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °C (°F)
21.6
(70.9)
24.0
(75.2)
30.6
(87.1)
36.8
(98.2)
43.9
(111)
45.6
(114.1)
33.9
(93)
32.6
(90.7)
33.0
(91.4)
32.3
(90.1)
28.0
(82.4)
23.2
(73.8)
32.13
(89.83)

Average low °C (°F)
8.3
(46.9)
10.4
(50.7)
15.2
(59.4)
20.9
(69.6)
25.1
(77.2)
27.0
(80.6)
26.1
(79)
25.8
(78.4)
24.4
(75.9)
19.3
(66.7)
12.7
(54.9)
9.3
(48.7)
18.71
(65.67)

Average precipitation mm (inches)
22.9
(0.902)
25.3
(0.996)
14.5
(0.571)
8.9
(0.35)
19.3
(0.76)
106.4
(4.189)
307.0
(12.087)
290.9
(11.453)
186.1
(7.327)
44.9
(1.768)
3.9
(0.154)
9.7
(0.382)
1,039.8
(40.939)

Source: India Meteorological Department (1901–2000)[21]

text: Environment[edit]

text: Bareilly is on the Ganges plain, with fertile alluvial soil; however, the lower plain is flood-prone. The city is on the Ramganga, with seven other rivers passing through the district. The lower Himalayas are 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of the river.

text: Demographics[edit]

text: Bareilly City had a population of 898,167 according to 2011 census. In the 2001 census, when the district recorded a 27.66 percent increase over 1991. Provisional 2011 data suggests a density of 1,084 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,810/sq mi) compared with 879 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,280/sq mi) in 2001. Bareilly district ranks 9th in terms of population in the state.[22]

text:
Religions in Bareilly (2011)[23]

Religion

Percent

Hindus

58.58%

Muslims

38.80%

Sikh

0.90%

Christian

0.78%

Jains

0.05%

Others†

0.88%

Distribution of religions

text: The literacy rate according to 2011 census is 58.5, which is lower than the state average 67.7 percent. Bareilly district ranks 44th in terms of sex ratio 887, which is lower than the state average of 912 females per thousand males.[2] The predominant languages are Hindi and Urdu. Other lesser spoken languages are Punjabi and Kumaoni. Some Muslims of Bareilly migrated to Pakistan after the independence in 1947 while large number of Punjabi Khatris and Aroras from Pakistan settled in the city.

text: There were 669,681 children under age six (352,479 boys and 317,202 girls) in 2011, a decline of 6.9 percent from the 2001 census. They comprised 15 percent of the population, down from 19.88 percent in 2001. The district is home to 2.24 percent of the total Uttar Pradesh population, unchanged from 2001.[24]

text: In 2001, Hindus were 64.81 percent of the population in Bareilly district.[22] Muslims constitute 33.89 percent of the population (90 percent Sunni Hanafi and 10 percent Shia Ithnā‘ashariyyah). Sikhs comprise 0.8 percent of population, Christians 0.2 percent, Jains 0.02 percent and others 0.28 percent.[22]

text: Culture[edit]

text: Media[edit]

text: Here are some newspaper companies working and give online news services to the news readers including Amar Ujala, Dainik Jagran and Dainik Bhaskar. List of single screen cinema in bareilly °1.NATRAJ °2.PRABHA °3.KUMAR °4.HIND °5.JAGAT °6.PRASAD °7.KAMAL(2 -SCREEN) °8.GITA PALACE(NOW CLOSED) °9.BASANT(NOW CLOSED) °10.IMPERIAL (NOW CLOSED) '

text: Mall[edit]

text: Phoenix United Mall with SRS Multiplex, Pilibhit Road.

text: Amrapali Mall, C.B Gunj

text: City Centre L.A, Chowki Chauraha (Under Construction)

text: Languages[edit]

text: Religious points of interest[edit]

text: Muslim Sites[edit]

text: Dargah e Shah Sharafat one of the prominent Place for Sunni Muslims of the Barelvi movement. The famous mausoleum of Imam Ahmed Raza Khan, a Sufi mystic, religious poet and supreme Mufti of Barelvi Sunnis is situated in Bareilly.

text: Hindu temples[edit]

text: Bareilly is home to a number of Hindu temples. Bareilly is also known as 'Nathnagari' by the locals. A Nath (Shiva) temple is located at each of the city's four corners.

text:
Tapeshwer nath (oldest Shiva Temple)
Dhopeswarnath
Bankhandi Nath
Pasupati Nath
Alakh Nath
Trivati Nath
Madhi Nath
Hanuman Temple - Hartman College
Shri Shirdi Sai Raksha Dham
Sita Ram Mandir (in Gangapur)
International Society for Krishna Consciousness (Iskcon) Temple (under construction, near Mayur Van chetna)
Laxmi Narayan Mandir (in Katra Manray, Bara Bazar)
Bankebihari Mandir (in Rajendra Nagar)
Hari Mandir (in Model town)
Chaurasi ghanta temple (Subhash nagar)
Balaji Dhaam (Baduan Road)
Gauri Shankar Mandir (Gulab Nagar)
Durga Mandir (in Green Park)
The Manokamna Mandir (On Pilibhit Bypass road): this temple has a shivling (Lord Shiva) made up of 108 kg silver metal, its beauty enchants every visitor. Apart from this it also has a cave similar to Maa Viashnodevi Temple in Katra.

text: All the above Temples are true state of art with mesmerising beauty.

text: Entertainment and performing arts[edit]

text: Bareilly has arts and cultural organisations, art galleries and theatres. The annual Craft Fair at YugVeena Library showcases artists. Influenced by the migrants from nearby regions, Bareilly has a varied culture: Brij (of Mathura), Awadhi (of Lucknow), Pahaari (of the Kumaun region of Uttrakhand) and Harayanvi (of northwest Uttar Pradesh). The city hosts a number of fashion shows.[25] The Bollywood film Aligarh casting Manoj Bajpai and Woh 5 Din, a suspense thriller, was shot in Bareilly[26] and in 2005's Main, Meri Patni Aur Woh, Rajpal Yadav's wife Veena comes from the city. Bollywood actress and former Miss World Priyanka Chopra is from Bareilly. Parents of Mahanayak Amitabh Bacchan met for the first time in Bareilly College, Bareilly. Besides this notable Bollywood actor Rati Agnihotri was born in the city later shifted to Mumbai. Kavita Seth, famous Sufi and Bollywodd singer was born and brought up in the city. An upcoming movie Bareilly Ki Barfi is coming having its name in it.

text: Actors and Singers[edit]

text:
Priyanka Chopra Bareilly- Actress
Disha Patani Bareilly - Actress
Paras Arora Bareilly- Actor
Sahil Husain Senthly Bareilly-Actor
Kavita Seth Bareilly - Singer

text: Cuisine[edit]

text: Bareilly has a number of restaurants which follow the tradition of naming a cuisine after its creator. The city is known for its Seekh Kabaabs, which are sold throughout the old city. Minced meat (primarily lamb), mixed with spices and aromatic herbs, is grilled on skewers over tamarind charcoal.

text: Sports[edit]

text: Bareilly has three sports stadiums and one cricket academy:

text:
Dori Lal Agarawal Sports Stadium (city area)
Major Dhyan Chand Sports Stadium (cantonment area)
Cricket Academy of Bareilly (CAB)
Dr. Chandrakanta Memorial Sports Stadium (Bisalpur Road, Bhuta)

text: The city is represented in sports tournaments by club teams and teams representing schools and colleges. Most colleges have home fields on campus.

text: Recreation[edit]

text: The city has a combined amusement and water park, Fun City Boond Amusement and Water Park and a number of clubs including its oldest Bareilly Club.

text: Other parks include:

text:
Children's Park, Cantonment
Phool Bagh, Cantonment
Company Garden, Civil Lines
vatika ( park) Rampur Garden
C L Park, Prem Nagar
Mayur Van Chetna Kendra, University Road
Maharaja Agrasen Park, Rampur Garden
Akshar Vihar[27]
Lichi bagh, Qila
Mega Rolling Park, Super City
Gandhi Garden Civil Lines

text: Musical references and Films shot in city[edit]

text: Several Bollywood songs have references to Bareilly and its musical genres, such as jhumka and kajra.

text:
"Surma bareilly waala ankhiyon mein aisa daala", a song from the film Kismat sung by Asha Bhosle and Shamshad Begum, refers to Bareilly ("Jhumka Bareilly waala kaanon mein aisa daala. Jhumke ne le li meri jaan, haai re main tere qurbaan").[28]
The Barra Bazaar (market) in the city was popular during the Mughal period; the song "Jhumka Gira Re, Bareilly ke Bazar mein" (from the film Mera Saaya, sung by Asha Bhosle and written by Raja Mehdi Ali Khan) mentions the market.
"Aaja Nachle" (from the film Aaja Nach Le, featuring Madhuri Dixit) connects jhumka and Bareilly.
"New Delhi mein Bareilly Jaisa Saiyaan", featuring Kajol and Ajay Devgan, from the film U Me Aur Hum
"Bareilly Ke bazaar mein", featuring Neil Nitin Mukesh, from the film Jail (directed by Madhur Bhandarkar)
"Bareli woh jaaye toh woh laaye surmeidaani" in song "Thoda Sa Pagla, Thoda Sayaana" written by Javed Akhtar for movie "Aur Pyaar Ho Gaya".
The Famous Ghazal Singer Khurshid Ali Khan also resides in Bareilly.

text: Politics[edit]

text: The 16th Lok Sabha Election for the Bareilly MP was won by Santosh Gangwar of the Bharatiya Janta Party. He defeated Praveen Singh Aron by huge margin to retain his stronghold. Bareilly has been a traditional battleground between the INC and the saffron parties. Regional parties such as the Samajwadi Party, led by Veerpal Singh Yadav, and the Bahujan Samaj Party have a limited influence.

text: Bareilly was a stronghold of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) for 20 years (1989–2009), when both the Member of Parliament (MP) and the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) was from the BJP. The city saw the emergence of Hindu nationalism during the last two decades, accompanied by the growth of Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, Vishva Hindu Parishad and Bajrang Dal in the region.

text: Santosh Gangwar was a Member of Parliament for Bareilly for 20 years (1989–2009). He was a former Minister of State for Petroleum and Natural Gas, with an additional charge of Parliament Affairs in the 13th Lok Sabha. Before this, Gangwar was Minister of State of Science and Technology with an additional charge of Parliamentary Affairs from October to November 1999 and chief whip of the BJP in the 14th Lok Sabha. He was narrowly defeated in the 15th Lok Sabha elections in 2009.

text: Economy[edit]

text: Since India began liberalising its economy, Bareilly has experienced rapid growth. Commerce has diversified with mall culture, although the area's rural economy remains agrarian, handicraft (zari-zardosi embroidery work on cloth material), bamboo and cane furniture. The city is equidistant from New Delhi and Lucknow, the capital of Uttar Pradesh.

text: Public sector undertakings [edit]

text:
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited
Indian Oil Divisional Office
Indian Oil Aonla Depot
Rama Shyama Paper
Campher and Allied Products
Keser Enterprises
J. K. Sugar
Oswal Overseas
Bharat Petroleum and Bottling Plants
N.E. Railway Workshop
IFFCO Aonla
Wimco
Kissan Sahakari Chini Mills
U.P. Sahakari Katai
Superior Industries
SK Industries
CAPL Commercial Automotive Private Limited (Rampur Road) Bareilly

text: Agriculture[edit]

text: Bareilly has very productive land (Tarai) for growing Sugarcane, Rice, pulses & wheat.[29] Hindustan Unilever has begun growing rice in Bareilly and the Punjab, but the company desires legal reforms and facility construction.[30]

text: Electricity[edit]

text: In 2009, Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited (UPPCL) awarded pilot contracts to supply power to nine cities to companies who will collect revenue for the state government. Bareilly, Agra, Kanpur, Moradabad and Gorakhpur will be part of the first phase.[31]

text: Indian Fuel[edit]

text: The Indian government initiated a 10-percent-ethanol-blending programme on a pilot basis in Bareilly and Belgaum in Karnataka. The city also has CNG and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) outlets. Bareilly district was the first to implement India's bio-fuel standard.[32]*I

text: Other Institutes

text: Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izzatnagar

text: Transport [edit]

text: Roads [edit]

text: New renumbered National Highway[edit]

text: Bareilly lies on the National Highway 30 (New renumbered National Highway system) (NH 30) (according to the new National Highway system in India). The newly numbered highway connects Sitarganj in Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand with Ibrahimpatnam in Andhra Pradesh. The 2040 km (1267.5 mi) highway starts at the junction of NH 9 at Sitarganj passes through Pilibhit, Bareilly, Shahjahanpur, Sitapur, Lucknow, Raebareli, Allahabad, Rewa, Jabalpur, Raipur, Dhamtari, Keskal, Jagdalpur, Konta, Nellipaka, Bhadrachalam, Kothagudem, Tiruvuru and ends at the junction of NH 65 in Ibrahimpatnam.

text: City Street Alignment[edit]

text: The street system in Bareilly is traditional, with most roads oriented towards different cities. The city centre is the intersection of Nainital Road and Bada Bazaar–Shahamat Ganj Road at a street known as Kutubkhana. It is a congested street, and the entry of cars or heavy vehicles is prohibited during the day. The Ayyub Khan Choraha–Chaupla and Chowki Chauraha–Chaupla Roads run from Lucknow Road to Delhi Road (Old National Highway 24). Government of Uttar Pradesh has proposed 200 km six lane expressway from Faridpur near Bareilly to Pariyar in Unnao district (near Bithoor) to connect Bareilly with Kanpur and reduce distance between both cities from 10 hours to 3 hours. Nainital Road (including the old National Highway 74 or Pilibhit By-pass Road) and Badaun Road began at Kutubkhana. Heavy traffic is allowed on these roads only from Koharapeer Sabji-Mandi and Chaupla Crossroads.

text: Arterial streets include:

text:
Stadium Road (connecting Pilibhit Road (D.D. Puram) to the ShyamGanj crossroad)
Macnair Road (connecting Nainital Road to Stadium Road)
Pilibhit By-pass Road, connecting Pilibhit Road to Lucknow Road (Old National Highway 24 or Delhi-Lucknow Highway)
SH-33 Bareilly to Mathura via Subhash Nagar & ( Vishwanathpuram ), Budaun and Kasganj
Mini By-Pass, connecting Delhi Road (Old National Highway 24 or Delhi-Lucknow Highway) to Nainital Road
Shahamat Ganj–Ayyub Khan Choraha–Chaupla–Quila–C.B. Ganj Road (Old National Highway 24 or Delhi-Lucknow Highway)
Shahamat Ganj–Bareilly Cantt–Chowki Chauraha–Chaupla Road
I.V.R.I. Road (connecting Nainital Road to Pilibhit Road)
Civil Lines Road
Vishwanath Puram Bareilly Rd, Shanti Vihar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh 243001
Highway connecting Delhi to Lucknow four lane via Bareilly is a 29-kilometre-long (18 mi) highway which bypasses the city crowd of Bareilly, ensuring the smooth running of local traffic.

text: The inter-city satellite bus stand is just outside the city, at the intersection of Old National Highway 24 (Delhi-Lucknow Highway) and the Pilibhit By-pass Road. The old bus stand in Civil Lines still well-used by state-owned buses to Delhi.

text: Improvements [edit]

text: As part of the expansion of Old National Highway 24 (connecting Lucknow to New Delhi via Shahjahanpur, Bareilly, Rampur, Moradabad and Ghaziabad) to four lanes, two contracts were awarded on a Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer (DBFOT) basis for the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI). Bareilly Ring Road (Bypass) provides an excellent platform for setting up of industries, MNCs, residential townships, shopping malls, school and colleges, hospitals, airport, railways, etc.

text: Rail [edit]

text: Bareilly has been connected to the rest of India by rail since the 19th century, and a 1909 map shows that Bareilly was a railway junction during the early 20th century. Six rail lines intersect in the city. In 1890 the Bengal and North Western Railway leased the Tirhoot State Railway to increase the latter's revenue, and the Lucknow-Sitapur-Seramow Provincial State Railway merged with the Bareilly-Pilibheet Provincial State Railway to form the Lucknow-Bareilly Railway on 1 January 1891. The Lucknow-Bareilly Railway was owned by the Government of India, and operated by the Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway.

text: The Oudh and Tirhut Railway was formed on 1 January 1943 by the merger of the Bengal and North Western Railway, the Tirhut Railway (BNW operated), the Mashrak-Thawe Extension Railway (BNW operated), the Rohilkund and Kumaon Railway and the Lucknow-Bareilly Railway (R&K operated). The Oudh and Tirhut Railway was later renamed the Oudh Tirhut Railway; it merged with the Assam Railway and the Kanpur-Achnera section of the Bombay, Baroda and Central India Railway to form North Eastern Railway (headquartered in Gorakhpur, with a divisional headquarters in Izzatnagar), one of the 16 zones of the Indian Railways.[33][34][35][36]

text: Six railway stations serve the city:

text:
Bareilly Junction (broad gauge)
C.B. Ganj Station (broad gauge)
Bareilly Cantt (broad gauge)
Bareilly City Station (broad gauge)
Izzatnagar Station (broad gauge)
Bhojipura Station ( broad gauge)

text: Bareilly is on the Moradabad-Lucknow route. Trains from the north (including Jammu Tawi and Amritsar) and Delhi running east and northeast (to Gorakhpur, Barauni, Howrah, Guwahati and Dibrugarh) pass through Bareilly, and the city is also on the route from Uttarakhand to Agra and Mathura via Budaun. Many trains to railway stations in Uttarakhand pass through Bareilly.

text: Air[edit]

text: The Indian Air Force has a base at Izzatnagar, on the outskirts of Bareilly. Although it is not open to civilian aviation (except for high government officials), the Airport Authority of India has accepted the proposal for the construction of a civilian terminal adjacent to the runway. The UPRNN has already begun the work and the construction work will be complete by next year.[37]

text: Defence installations[edit]

text: In addition to the air-force base, Bareilly is the regimental centre and a major settlement of the Jat Regiment (one of the longest-serving and most-decorated infantry regiments of the Indian Army.[38] The regiment won 19 battle honours from 1839 to 1947,[39] and five battle honours, eight Mahavir Chakra, eight Kirti Chakra, 32 Shaurya Chakras, 39 Vir Chakras and 170 Sena Medals since independence.[38]