document_title: Spanish colonization of the Americas

question_text: where did the spanish first settle in north america

root

text: Spanish colonization of the Americas

text: Conquests[edit]

text: The Catholic Monarchs Isabella of Castile, Queen of Castile and her husband King Ferdinand, King of Aragon, pursued a policy of joint rule of their kingdoms and created a single Spanish monarchy. Even though Castile and Aragon were ruled jointly by their respective monarchs, they remained separate kingdoms. The Catholic Monarchs gave official approval for the plans of Genoese mariner Christopher Columbus for a voyage to reach India by sailing West. The funding came from the queen of Castile, so the profits from Spanish expedition flowed to Castile. In the extension of Spanish sovereignty to its overseas territories, authority for expeditions of discovery, conquest, and settlement resided in the monarchy.[1]

tag: p

text: West Indies[edit]

text: Columbus made four voyages to the West Indies as the monarchs granted Columbus the governorship of the new territories, and financed more of his trans-Atlantic journeys. He founded La Navidad on the island later named Hispaniola (now divided into Haiti and the Dominican Republic), in what is present day Haiti on his first voyage. After its destruction by the indigenous Taino people, the town of Isabella was begun in 1493, on his second voyage. In 1496 his brother, Bartholomew, founded Santo Domingo. By 1500, despite a high death rate, there were between 300 and 1000 Spanish settled in the area. The local Taíno people continued to resist, refusing to plant crops and abandoning their Spanish-occupied villages. The first mainland explorations were followed by a phase of inland expeditions and conquest. In 1500 the city of Nueva Cádiz was founded on the island of Cubagua, Venezuela, and it was followed by the founding by Alonso de Ojeda of Santa Cruz in present-day Guajira peninsula. Cumaná in Venezuela was the first permanent settlement founded by Europeans in the mainland Americas,[2] in 1501 by Franciscan friars, but due to successful attacks by the indigenous people, it had to be refounded several times, until Diego Hernández de Serpa's foundation in 1569. The Spanish founded San Sebastian de Uraba in 1509 but abandoned it within the year. There is indirect evidence that the first permanent Spanish mainland settlement established in the Americas was Santa María la Antigua del Darién.[3]

text: Mexico[edit]

text: The Spanish conquest of Mexico is generally understood to be the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–21) which was the base for later conquests of other regions. Later conquests were protracted campaigns with less spectacular results than conquest of the Aztecs. The Spanish conquest of Yucatán, the Spanish conquest of Guatemala, the war of Mexico's west, and the Chichimeca War in northern Mexico expanded Spanish control over territory and indigenous populations.[4][5][6] But not until the Spanish conquest of Peru was the conquest of the Aztecs matched in scope by the victory over the Inca empire in 1532.

text: The Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire was led by Hernán Cortés. The victory over the Aztecs was relatively quick, from 1519 to 1521, and aided by his Tlaxcala and other allies from indigenous city-states or altepetl. These polities allied against the Aztec empire, to which they paid tribute following conquest or threat of conquest, leaving the city-states' political hierarchy and social structure in place.

text: The Spanish conquest of Yucatán was a much longer campaign, from 1551 to 1697, against the Maya peoples in the Yucatán Peninsula of present-day Mexico and northern Central America. When Hernán Cortés landed ashore at present day Veracruz and founded the Spanish city there on April 22, 1519, marks the beginning of 300 years of Spanish hegemony over the region. The assertion of royal control over the Kingdom of New Spain and the initial Spanish conquerors took over a decade, with importance of the region meriting the creation of the Viceroyalty of New Spain was established by Charles V in 1535 with the appointment of Don Antonio de Mendoza as the first viceroy.

text: Spain colonized and exerted control of Alta California through the Spanish missions in California until the Mexican secularization act of 1833.

text: Peru[edit]

text: In 1532 at the Battle of Cajamarca a group of Spaniards under Francisco Pizarro and their indigenous Andean Indian auxiliaries native allies ambushed and captured the Emperor Atahualpa of the Inca Empire. It was the first step in a long campaign that took decades of fighting to subdue the mightiest empire in the Americas. In the following years Spain extended its rule over the Empire of the Inca civilization.

text: The Spanish took advantage of a recent civil war between the factions of the two brothers Emperor Atahualpa and Huáscar, and the enmity of indigenous nations the Incas had subjugated, such as the Huancas, Chachapoyas, and Cañaris. In the following years the conquistadors and indigenous allies extended control over Greater Andes Region. The Viceroyalty of Perú was established in 1542. The last Inca stronghold was conquered by the Spanish in 1572.

text: Río de la Plata and Paraguay[edit]

text: European explorers arrived in Río de la Plata in 1516. Their first Spanish settlement in this zone was the Fort of Sancti Spiritu established in 1527 next to the Paraná River. Buenos Aires, a permanent colony, was established in 1536 and in 1537 Asunción was established in the area that is now Paraguay. Buenos Aires suffered attacks by the indigenous peoples that forced the settlers away, and in 1541 the site was abandoned. A second (and permanent) settlement was established in 1580 by Juan de Garay, who arrived by sailing down the Paraná River from Asunción (now the capital of Paraguay). He dubbed the settlement "Santísima Trinidad" and its port became "Puerto de Santa María de los Buenos Aires." The city came to be the head of the Governorate of the Río de la Plata and in 1776 elevated to be the capital of the new Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata.

text: New Granada[edit]

text: Between 1537 and 1543, six[citation needed] Spanish expeditions entered highland Colombia, conquered the Muisca Confederation, and set up the New Kingdom of Granada (Spanish: Nuevo Reino de Granada). Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada was the leading conquistador with his brother Hernán second in command.[7] It was governed by the president of the Audiencia of Bogotá, and comprised an area corresponding mainly to modern-day Colombia and parts of Venezuela. The conquistadors originally organized it as a captaincy general within the Viceroyalty of Peru. The crown established the audiencia in 1549. Ultimately, the kingdom became part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada first in 1717 and permanently in 1739. After several attempts to set up independent states in the 1810s, the kingdom and the viceroyalty ceased to exist altogether in 1819 with the establishment of Gran Colombia.[8]

text: Governing[edit]

text: Spain's administration of its colonies in the Americas was divided into the Viceroyalty of New Spain 1535 (capital, México City), and the Viceroyalty of Peru 1542 (capital, Lima). In the 18th century the additional Viceroyalty of New Granada 1717 (capital, Bogotá), and Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata 1776 (capital, Buenos Aires) were established from portions of the Viceroyalty of Peru.

text: This evolved from the Council of the Indies and Viceroyalties into an Intendant system, raise more revenue and promote greater efficiency.

text: Dominions[edit]

text: North[edit]

text:
Viceroyalty of New Spain (1535–1821)

Las Californias
Nuevo Reino de León
Nuevo Santander
Nueva Vizcaya
Santa Fe de Nuevo México
Nueva Extremadura
Nueva Galicia

Captaincy General of the Philippines (administered by New Spain from 1565 to 1821, then after Mexican independence transferred to and directly administered by Madrid until 1898)
Captaincy General of Cuba (until 1898) – Included in this captaincy general until 1819 was La Florida, Spain's North American colonies in what is now the southeastern United States.
Captaincy General of Puerto Rico (until 1898)
Santo Domingo (last Spanish rule 1861–1865)
Captaincy General of Guatemala

tag: ul

text: South[edit]

text:
Viceroyalty of New Granada (1717–1819)
Captaincy General of Venezuela
Viceroyalty of Perú (1542–1824)
Captaincy General of Chile (1541–1818)
Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata (1776–1814)

text: 19th century[edit]

text: During the Napoleonic Peninsular War in Europe between France and Spain, assemblies called juntas were established to rule in the name of Ferdinand VII of Spain. The Libertadores (Spanish and Portuguese for "Liberators") were the principal leaders of the Spanish American wars of independence. They were predominantly criollos (Americas-born people of European ancestry, mostly Spanish or Portuguese), bourgeois and influenced by liberalism and in some cases with military training in the mother country.

text: In 1809 the first declarations of independence from Spanish rule occurred in the Viceroyalty of New Granada. The first two were in present-day Bolivia at Sucre (May 25), and La Paz (July 16); and the third in present-day Ecuador at Quito (August 10). In 1810 Mexico declared independence, with the Mexican War of Independence following for over a decade. In 1821 Treaty of Córdoba established Mexican independence from Spain and concluded the War. The Plan of Iguala was part of the peace treaty to establish a constitutional foundation for an independent Mexico.

text: These began a movement for colonial independence that spread to Spain's other colonies in the Americas. The ideas from the French and the American Revolution influenced the efforts. All of the colonies, except Cuba and Puerto Rico, attained independence by the 1820s. The British Empire offered support, wanting to end the Spanish monopoly on trade with its colonies in the Americas.

text: In 1898, the United States achieved victory in the Spanish–American War with Spain, ending the Spanish colonial era. Spanish possession and rule of its remaining colonies in the Americas ended in that year with its sovereignty transferred to the United States. The United States took occupation of Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico continues to be a possession of the United States, now officially continues as a self-governing unincorporated territory.

text: Demographic impact[edit]

text: It has been estimated that over 1.86 million Spaniards emigrated to Latin America in the period between 1492 and 1824, with millions more continuing to immigrate following independence.[9]

text: In Hispaniola, the indigenous Taíno pre-contact population before the arrival of Columbus of several hundred thousand had declined to sixty thousand by 1509. Although population estimates vary, Dominican friar Bartolomé de las Casas, the "Defender of the Indians" estimated there were 6 million (6,000,000) Taíno and Arawak in the Caribbean at the time of Columbus's arrival in 1492.[citation needed]

text: The population of the Native Amerindian population in Mexico declined by an estimated 90% (reduced to 1–2.5 million people) by the early 17th century. In Peru the indigenous Amerindian pre-contact population of around 6.5 million declined to 1 million by the early 17th century.[citation needed] The overwhelming cause of decline in both Mexico and Peru was infectious diseases, although the brutality of the Encomienda also played a significant part in the population decline.

text: Of the history of the indigenous population of California, Sherburne F. Cook (1896–1974) was the most painstakingly careful researcher. From decades of research he made estimates for the pre-contact population and the history of demographic decline during the Spanish and post-Spanish periods. According to Cook, the indigenous Californian population at first contact, in 1769, was about 310,000 and had dropped to 25,000 by 1910. The vast majority of the decline happened after the Spanish period, during the Mexican and US periods of Californian history (1821–1910), with the most dramatic collapse (200,000 to 25,000) occurring in the US period (1846–1910).[10][11][12]


document_title: Poldark

question_text: poldark what is wrong with dr enys child

text: Poldark

text: The Poldark novels[edit]

text: All of the novels are subtitled A Novel of Cornwall.[1] In a preface to The Black Moon, Graham explained his decision to revive the series after a two-decade hiatus.[citation needed]

text:
Sequence
Title
Years Included
First Published

1
Ross Poldark
1783–87
1945

2
Demelza
1788–90
1946[2]

3
Jeremy Poldark
1790–91
1950[2]

4
Warleggan
1792–93
1953

5
The Black Moon
1794–95
1973

6
The Four Swans
1795–97
1976

7
The Angry Tide
1798–99
1977

8
The Stranger from the Sea
1810–11
1981

9
The Miller's Dance
1812–13
1982

10
The Loving Cup
1813–15
1984

11
The Twisted Sword
1815
1990

12
Bella Poldark
1818–20
2002

tag: table

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Ross Poldark[edit]

text: Ross Poldark is the protagonist of the series. In his autobiography, Graham states that Ross's character was, in part, based upon a fighter pilot he met on a train during World War II. In the first novel in the series, Ross Poldark, he learns upon his return home from the American War of Independence that his fiancée, Elizabeth, has given him up for dead and promised to marry his cousin, Francis. Life becomes bleak for Ross. A brooding and introspective character, he assumes his late father's estate, which includes a failing copper mine.  Having lost Elizabeth to Francis, he marries Demelza, the girl he originally hired as his scullery maid, and they soon have a baby called Julia. Over the next 20 years, four more children follow: Jeremy; Clowance; Isabella-Rose; and Henry.

text: Demelza Poldark, née Carne[edit]

text: Taken home from Redruth Fair by Ross, miner's daughter Demelza and her dog Garrick have an unpromising start. However, she soon develops into a charming, amusing, lovely young woman, eventually winning Ross's affection. Dark and earthy, she is the total opposite of the fragile Elizabeth. The two women are wary but polite towards each other. Demelza shows courage and fierce loyalty to Ross but is somewhat impulsive, causing trouble for both of them. She has five brothers.

text: Dwight Enys[edit]

text: A young doctor who arrives in Cornwall after training in London. He strikes up a firm friendship with Ross which proves strong and enduring. He is conscientious and generous, often not charging his poorest patients for his services. He becomes involved with a young miner's wife with tragic results. He eventually marries a young heiress, Caroline Penvenen. After marrying Caroline, he goes to war.

text: Caroline Enys, née Penvenen[edit]

text: Caroline is an orphan, taken in and raised by her rich uncle, Ray. Strong-willed and independent, she begins a romance with Dwight Enys against her uncle's wishes, culminating in a disastrous plan to elope. Dwight comes home from war just for a day so that they can marry, before Dwight's rescue from a prison camp in France. Caroline and Dwight's first daughter, Sarah, has a congenital heart defect and dies in infancy. Two more daughters, Sophie and Meliora, follow.

text: Elizabeth Warleggan, previously Poldark, née Chynoweth[edit]

text: She was Ross Poldark's first love and he was probably hers, but thinking him dead in America she marries Ross's cousin Francis. Elizabeth, delicate and beautiful, tries to be a good wife to Francis but must watch her marriage fail due to Francis's alcoholism, insecurity and unfaithfulness.  After his death Elizabeth struggles with poverty and loneliness, eventually accepting George Warleggan as her husband. She has 2 sons, one with Francis (Geoffrey Charles)  and the other supposedly with George (Valentine). She has a daughter with George called Ursula, but Elizabeth dies in childbirth. Between her betrothal to George and the wedding, Ross pays her a visit and has sex with her. It was established in The Angry Tide that Valentine was Ross's son:

text: "Though Elizabeth had been constitutionally strong enough, perhaps some exhaustion in the ancient Chynoweth strain was to be the cause of this virtual obliteration of her personal appearance in any of her children, and the dominance of the three fathers. Geoffrey Charles was already like Francis. Valentine would grow ever more like the man who had just left the house. And little Ursula would become sturdy and strong and thick-necked and as determined as a blacksmith."

text: Graham, Winston. The Angry Tide: A Novel of Cornwall 1798-1799 (Poldark Book 7) (p. 602). Pan Macmillan. Kindle Edition.

text: George Warleggan[edit]

text: Ross's arch-enemy is of a new class of industrialists and bankers. Although regarded as an upstart by the aristocracy, through ruthlessness and cunning he becomes increasingly powerful. Always impeccably dressed and elegantly behaved, he constantly schemes to increase his own wealth at the expense of others, including the Poldarks.  He becomes enamoured of Elizabeth, eventually marrying her after she is widowed.

text: Francis Poldark[edit]

text: Ross's cousin Francis has a tendency to be flippant but his feelings are strong and he can be very obstinate. The two cousins were friends as boys but their relationship is tested severely when Francis marries Elizabeth, with lasting repercussions for them all. He has one son with Elizabeth.

text: Verity Blamey, née Poldark[edit]

text: Francis's sister and Ross's cousin Verity is described as plain, with fluffy hair and a mobile mouth. She has been a dutiful, unmarried daughter who looks after the affairs of her father, Charles Poldark, and his estate. She meets and falls in love with Andrew Blamey, a sea captain. Unfortunately he has a terrible secret that is soon revealed, and she seems to lose her chance of happiness.

text: The Reverend Osborne Whitworth[edit]

text: Osborne Whitworth appears briefly in the first Poldark series of novels, but comes to feature prominently in the second series when he marries Morwenna Chynoweth, Elizabeth's cousin, who is in love with Drake Carne, Demelza's brother. Whitworth's main preoccupations are money and women. He is loud and arrogant, delivering sermons which intimidate his parishioners more than inspire them. When deprived of his wife's sexual companionship during her pregnancy, he begins an affair with her fifteen-year-old sister, Rowella, which proves to be his undoing. He has a son, named John Conan, and two daughters with his first wife.

text: Television adaptations of the novels[edit]

text:
The BBC adapted the first seven books of the novel sequence as Poldark, a television series first broadcast in 1975 and again in 1977. Robin Ellis portrayed Ross and Angharad Rees was featured as Demelza.
In 1996, HTV produced a pilot episode of The Stranger from the Sea, written by Robin Mukherjee, which became a controversial adaptation with fans, using a new cast featuring John Bowe as Ross Poldark and Mel Martin as Demelza. Fans protested, and over fifty members of the Poldark Appreciation Society picketed HTV's headquarters in Bristol wearing 18th century costumes.[3] The pilot was unsuccessful, and no further episodes were made.[4]
The BBC broadcast a new adaptation of the novels in 2015, again titled Poldark, with  Aidan Turner in the title role and Eleanor Tomlinson as Demelza.[5] Like the original 1975 BBC adaptation, this new series has been taken up by the PBS network for broadcast in the United States.

text: People who inspired the characters[edit]

text:
Graham mentions in his autobiography Memoirs of a Private Man that the character of Demelza is based on his own Cornish wife Jeann, at least in part.[6]
Graham states in  Poldark's Cornwall that the hamlet of Demelza was the inspiration for his character's first name.[a]
In Poldark's Cornwall, Graham reveals that the name "Poldark" is a product of his imagination. He initially named the character after his friend, a chemist named Polgreen. However, Polgreen did not sound strong or mysterious enough for the character, so Graham changed Polgreen to Poldark.[7]
Ross Poldark's physical characteristics are based upon those of an injured flying officer whom Graham met on a train during the Second World War. [7]
The Carne brothers (Sam[8] and Drake[9]) could be based on the pioneers of Methodism John and Charles Wesley.

text: Allusions to historical events and real places[edit]

text:
In his autobiography "Memoirs of a Private Man", Graham explains that some of the stories and plots in the book draw from actual  people and events from Cornish history.[10]. According to Graham the names of the original people and places (and sometimes the dates) have been adapted or changed, but essentially the material facts remain the same.[10]
Some examples that Winston Graham used are:

text:
The story of the physician (Dr. Enys) who was called out to attend a young girl's (Caroline Penvenen) dog.[b]
The incident with the fishbone where (Caroline) believes she has the putrid throat, and eventually Dr Enys is called out to her, removing a fishbone in order to cure her.[b]
The fifth Poldark novel "Black Moon" is set between 1794 and 1795. A total lunar eclipse visible from the UK occurred on 14 February 1794[11] and could be the inspiration for the title.
Hendrawna is his name for Perranporth[12].
Graham's source material for his description of Launceston Gaol was taken from John Howard's "The State of Prisons in England and Wales" published initially in 1777. Graham used the reissued 1784 edition.[10][13]

text: Publication history[edit]

text:
The first novel Ross Poldark, was published in the UK in 1945. Upon re-publication in the US in 1951, it was retitled The Renegade, and significantly shortened by approximately 12%, with most editions since then using the shorter, revised text.[14]
The second novel, Demelza, was published in the UK in 1946. Upon re-publication in the US in 1953, it was also significantly shortened, by approximately 14%, with most editions since then using the shorter text.[15]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^
Graham also states that the first real-life child named Demelza (after his character) was the daughter of British writer Denys Val Baker.[7]

^ Jump up to: a b Graham attributes  Dr James Fordyce as providing the idea for this in his book on fevers dated 1789.[10]

tag: ol


document_title: List of Ray Donovan episodes

question_text: number of episodes in ray donovan season 5

text: List of Ray Donovan episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
12
June 30, 2013 (2013-06-30)
September 22, 2013 (2013-09-22)

2
12
July 13, 2014 (2014-07-13)
September 28, 2014 (2014-09-28)

3
12
July 12, 2015 (2015-07-12)
September 27, 2015 (2015-09-27)

4
12
June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26)
September 18, 2016 (2016-09-18)

5
12
August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
October 29, 2017 (2017-10-29)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"The Bag or the Bat"
Allen Coulter
Ann Biderman
June 30, 2013 (2013-06-30)
1.35[2]

Ray Donovan fixes problems for a powerful LA law firm. Originally from South Boston, he now lives in the affluent city of Calabasas, CA. While dealing with his troubled family, including his wife Abby, daughter Bridget and son Coner, he learns of the return of his father, Mickey, released from prison on parole.

2
2
"A Mouth Is a Mouth"
Allen Coulter
Ann Biderman
July 7, 2013 (2013-07-07)
1.56[3]

Ray tries to send Mickey back to prison. Angry with Ray, Abby allows her kids to spend the day with Mickey. Ray handles two crises involving movie star clients: A-list actor Sean Walker receives a threatening message and a home invasion, while action hero Tommy Wheeler is blackmailed with a video of his sexual exploits.

3
3
"Twerk"
Greg Yaitanes
Ron Nyswaner
July 14, 2013 (2013-07-14)
1.45[4]

Mickey spends time with his sons. Ray "buys" a talented hip-hop artist, Marvin Gaye Washington, for his rapper neighbor. Bridget becomes friendly with Marvin. Ezra holds a fundraiser, in honor of his late wife, due to being haunted by past mistakes. Meanwhile, the real reason for Mickey's early parole is revealed.

4
4
"Black Cadillac"
John Dahl
David Hollander
July 21, 2013 (2013-07-21)
1.52[5]

Ray is forced by Abby to visit Bel Air Academy to see Bridget's potential new school, while trying to deal with a work situation. Meanwhile, Mickey meets his ex, Claudette, leading to old memories being relived.

5
5
"The Golem"
Dan Attias
Sean Conway
July 28, 2013 (2013-07-28)
1.46[6]

Bunchy receives his money from the settlement with the Church. Mickey and Ezra reminisce about old events while Mickey wears a wire. Ezra has an accident while driving at night, and believes he has killed someone. Terry and Frances' relationship grows stronger.

6
6
"Housewarming"
Michael Uppendahl
Brett Johnson
August 4, 2013 (2013-08-04)
1.45[7]

Ray tries to shut down Van Miller's investigation by drugging him, and using this to create an incriminating video. Bunchy throws a housewarming party, but it gets out of control. Ray finds out that Mickey put his kids in danger and retaliates.

7
7
"New Birthday"
Lesli Linka Glatter
David Hollander
August 11, 2013 (2013-08-11)
1.44[8]

Ray finds out about Bridget's relationship with Marvin and forbids her from seeing him, but she visits him anyway, leading to emotional upset. Meanwhile, Ray flies to Boston to search for Bostonian mobster, Sully. Abby and Deb enjoy themselves too much, which turns into trouble. Mickey makes Sean let him work on a movie project.

8
8
"Bridget"
Guy Ferland
Ann Biderman
August 18, 2013 (2013-08-18)
1.47[9]

The three Donovan brothers remember the anniversary of their sister's demise. Ray and Avi get the money back that Bunchy spent on his house. Terry goes after Frances' husband after he sees evidence she has been abused. Mickey has trouble relating to an actress he meets at the spa.

9
9
"Road Trip"
Jeremy Podeswa
Brett Johnson
August 25, 2013 (2013-08-25)
1.33[10]

Accepting Ray's offer to kill Mickey, Sully travels to Los Angeles, but the journey does not go as planned, forcing Avi to step in. Asked by Coner to attend an award show with Tommy Wheeler, Ray must first obtain a series of incriminating photographs of the actor; Miller steps up his efforts in his investigation.

10
10
"Fite Nite"
Tucker Gates
Sean Conway
September 8, 2013 (2013-09-08)
1.25[11]

The Donovans attend Daryll's fight at Terry's club. Meanwhile, Ray's deal with Sully is put into action. Mickey has a rendezvous. Bunchy encounters his abuser, sending him into a tailspin.

11
11
"Bucky Fuckn' Dent"
Dan Minahan
Ron Nyswaner
September 15, 2013 (2013-09-15)
1.41[12]

Horrible secrets are revealed when the Donovan boys encounter the priest who abused Bunchy and Ray when they were boys. Ray executes him. Ray sends Avi to protect his family, much to Abby's anger; Mickey asks a favor from Claudette when he finds himself under investigation for the murder of Sean Walker.

12
12
"Same Exactly"
Michael Apted
Ann Biderman
September 22, 2013 (2013-09-22)
1.41[13]

With Sully on the run, Ray suggests to Frank a bold strategy in finding him; Abby leaves Ray a heartfelt message; Lena convinces Bridget to forgive her father; An empowered Bunchy kicks Mickey out of his apartment; Terry feels guilty of his role in the priest's death; a final showdown at the docks has long-lasting effects.

text: Season 2 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

13
1
"Yo Soy Capitán"
Tucker Gates
Ann Biderman
July 13, 2014 (2014-07-13)
1.22[14]

Ray's life returns to normal. The FBI demands that Mickey be brought to them. Abby, concerned for their marriage, forces Ray into therapy with her. Meanwhile, Bunchy attempts to recover from his abuse and applies for a job, Terry obsesses over Frances and Coner is in trouble after assaulting a classmate.

14
2
"Uber Ray"
Michael Uppendahl
Ann Biderman & David Hollander
July 20, 2014 (2014-07-20)
1.27[15]

Having difficulty in controlling Mickey upon returning him to LA, Ray bribes corrupt parole officer Ronald Keith to keep an eye on his father. As Ed Cochran holds a press conference declaring the FBI caught Sully, Boston Globe reporter Kate McPherson launches her own investigation on what happened at the docks.

15
3
"Gem and Loan"
Phil Abraham
Michael Tolkin
July 27, 2014 (2014-07-27)
1.38[16]

Desperate to get Bridget into the prestigious Bel-Air Academy, Ray is forced to do an unusual favor for old rival Stu Feldman, which involves a married couple; Mickey's attempts to see his old lover are thwarted by Keith; Kate arrives at Terry's Fight Club looking for answers; Abby's therapist tries to convince her that Ray is bribing her. Marvin reenters Bridget's life.

16
4
"S U C K"
Tucker Gates
David Hollander
August 3, 2014 (2014-08-03)
1.45[17]

Ray and the FBI must deal with Tiny, Sully's nephew who spoke to the cops about his involvement in Sully's death. After sleeping with Kate, Ray purchases a new house for Abby, who befriends a police officer at a shooting range. Bunchy makes friends with a woman and her child at his new job; Kate attempts to talk to Mickey.

17
5
"Irish Spring"
Dan Attias
Ron Nyswaner
August 10, 2014 (2014-08-10)
1.42[18]

Ray gets compromising information on Cochran, who enjoys wife-swapping with one of his subordinates. Avi follows Kate as she investigates, but Ray will need to give her a new story. Meanwhile, Abby tries to enjoy her prospective new neighbors, but their comments lead to a violent outburst. Marvin takes Bridget to a party at the house of a hip-hop mogul. Coner "apologizes" to Alex - but it doesn't go well.

18
6
"Viagra"
John Dahl
Brett Johnson
August 17, 2014 (2014-08-17)
1.44[19]

Ashley introduces Ray to a new client; Ray turns to an unlikely source in finding dirt on Ed Cochran; Mickey sets his sights on a bigger payday; Terry and Potato Pie help Bunchy out when he gets a date with a single mother.

19
7
"Walk This Way"
Liev Schreiber
Ann Biderman
August 24, 2014 (2014-08-24)
1.35[20]

Coner requests that the Donovan family come together for his birthday, which Ray and Abby have forgotten; Ashley's stalker returns; Mickey's gift angers Daryl and strains his relationship with Claudette; An awkward incident leaves Bunchy confused; Terry learns an awful secret about his gym.

20
8
"Sunny"
John Dahl
David Hollander & Cheo Hodari Coker
August 31, 2014 (2014-08-31)
1.49[21]

Ray learns the truth about Abby's absences, and confronts Jim (the cop) about their affair. Cookie wants Marvin back for himself because he feels that his initial investment entitles him to all the money that the boy will make. Mickey gets the opportunity to sell his life story into a trilogy, but ends up losing it. Bridget is the sole witness to Cookie's brutality, who murders Marvin and Re-Kon.

21
9
"Snowflake"
Guy Ferland
Michael Tolkin & Brett Johnson
September 7, 2014 (2014-09-07)
1.63[22]

Ray and Abby have different opinions on how to handle Bridget's dangerous situation, where Cookie is trying to murder her. Kate turns to a new source for answers; Bunchy has an awkward moment with his girlfriend's son; Mickey and Shorty plan a heist.

22
10
"Volcheck"
Michael Uppendahl
David Hollander
September 14, 2014 (2014-09-14)
1.80[23]

Kate's return to Los Angeles sets off a violent chain of events involving Ray's past; Cochran is offered directorship of the FBI, but discovers the horrifying video made by Ray. Mickey and Shorty welcome two new members to their heist crew; Abby gives Jim a startling ultimatum;

23
11
"Rodef"
Michael Uppendahl
Ron Nyswaner & Brett Johnson
September 21, 2014 (2014-09-21)
1.68[24]

Ray prepares his loved ones for the event of his arrest; Mickey's heist does not go according to plan, and Terry is arrested and put into jail. Ray obtains the video of Marvin's murder; Jim cannot bring himself to follow through on Abby's plan; Ezra turns to Avi in dealing with Kate.

24
12
"The Captain"
Michael Uppendahl
Ann Biderman
September 28, 2014 (2014-09-28)
1.97[25]

Kate's murder at the hand of Avi (on Ezra's orders) forces Ray into action against several of his enemies; After the stolen safe yields less than expected, Mickey comes up with a new source for money; Jim gives Abby an enticing offer; An imprisoned Terry refuses to accept bail; Bunchy reveals his past to Patty; Ray kills Cookie in order to protect his daughter.

text: Season 3 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

25
1
"The Kalamazoo"
Colin Bucksey
David Hollander
July 12, 2015 (2015-07-12)
1.04[26]

Ezra is visited in his hospital bed by sinister Father Thomas Romero. A confused Ezra protests his presence. Romero quizzes Ezra about the buried priest. Deborah ushers the priest away and Ezra demands that Ray is called and warned, Ray does not take these calls, soon afterward, Ezra dies. Ray rescues a client from a potential sex scandal with his usual style and heads to a bar where Abby calls him to tell him of Ezra’s passing. Ray consoles himself with some rough sex with a stranger. Mickey, at his apartment complex, looks after the daughter of call girl Ginger who lives there. Mickey dislikes Ginger’s pimp and after attempting to convince him to change his ways or location resorts to drugging him and tossing him into the pool to drown. Ray meets Andrew Finney in his enormous house. Ray is engaged to recover Finney’s kidnapped son and is provided with ransom money. Ray later meets with the kidnappers and rescues the son, who had originally planned the kidnapping with a friend to get the cash, but the drug dealers they enlisted took over murdering his friend. Finney approves of the outcome and pays Ray. A smartened but broke Bunchy (Brendan) Donovan is trying to manage the Gym whilst Terry is in jail. Abby visits for a drink and helps out. Bridget rejects a ride home from school from her drunken mother and complains about this to Coner when at home. Abby stops to rescues a huge dog from the highway and takes it home with her. Romero convinces a police officer to give him a box of evidence relating to the deceased Father Danny.

26
2
"Ding"
Ed Bianchi
William Wheeler
July 19, 2015 (2015-07-19)
1.26[27]

Mickey tries to take over Gary’s girls, gets a loan secured on Daryll’s car, and buys coke for the girls to sell. He takes Audrey to her audition where she is not successful. Ray takes on a job from Paige Finney. He is to find Carl LaFell, the husband of a woman that a football star has been having an affair with and pay him off. She tricks Donovan into bringing Carl to a meeting only to see his wife in flagrante delicto with the quarterback – whose arm LaFell then breaks. When Ray realises this, he demands a check for the money – which Malcolm Finney pays out. Finney also offers to buy Ray and his firm, but Donovan says he is not for sale. Ray takes the check to LaFell who says he doesn’t want it. Ray persists, only to be rewarded with a series of punches. Avi offers Lena a partnership in his new business. When she tells Ray, he says she should take it. When Bridget calls Ray about Abby’s behaviour, he visits briefly. Later, Abby catches Connor watching porn and pleasuring himself. She calls Ray to tell him and invites Ray to dinner. He tentatively accepts but ends up not attending. Bunchy falls for the female member of the Mexican team, training at the gym in a big way. Her outfits and demeanor, especially towards Bunchy, are suggestive of a dominatrix. The group’s manager suggests using the gym as a venue for their show. Father Romero, posing as a member of Bunchy's support group, joins the gym. Terry is involved in a fight in prison, despite Ray paying a guard to protect him. Terry floors his opponent, but a rematch is arranged where Terry is stabbed with a shank. Terry still prevails, but ends up in solitary.

27
3
"Come and Knock on Our Door"
Dan Attias
David Hollander
July 26, 2015 (2015-07-26)
1.44[28]

A beaten-up Ray returns home in the early morning to surprise Bridget and apologize for missing dinner. While talking, Ray sees the ghost of his dead sister in the room and leaves. This apparition will haunt him throughout the day. Mickey explains his plan to the reluctant girls who agree to try it for one day, but Mickey receives a call from the prison and leaves Daryll to look after business. Daryll is soon overwhelmed with the role but Bunchy arrives and helps out. Ray is visited by Finney’s men who try, but fail, to bring him onto the payroll. Mickey and Ray try different approaches to get Terry out of prison before he is killed by the Aryan gang for killing one of their members in a prison fight. Both try and fail at the prison and Mickey ends up inadvertently killing the judge, who had already turned down cash from Ray. In desperation, Ray turns to Finney, who, in turn, leans on a reluctant Governor Verona, ensuring Terry is released that evening. Ray repays Finney by signing up to work for him. The girls return to a troubled Mickey, who is glum even upon seeing his large cut of the action. Ray calls, saying Terry will be freed. Mickey then cheers up, and claims joint responsibility for the release to Bunchy and Daryll. Ray collects Terry from the prison.

28
4
"Breakfast of Champions"
Lesli Linka Glatter
Brett Johnson
August 2, 2015 (2015-08-02)
1.37[29]

Abby visits her family in Boston, flirting with old flame Gus, in her brother Dave’s bar. Margaret, her sister, and Abby don’t get along. Abby spends most of the day drinking and bonding with Margaret’s daughter, Lauren, and resists Ray's demand she return home. After a brief war of words the sisters patch things up. Bridget has a bad day at school and tries to get her teacher on-side. Coner skips school and borrows Abby’s car; some girls ask to come round for the day but Coner ends up disappointed when they all bring their boyfriends. Coner and one of the guys come to blows with Coner eventually beating him with a bat; Bridget arrives before things get too ugly. Mickey tries to patch things up with Terry, though, as usual, his ways only serve to make things worse. Ray spends the day at Finney’s Imperial Studios. He shepherds Casey around as required and helps Paige overcome some personnel issues so that she can best portray the studio to a potential buyer. Andrew Finney first says the deal is off but after interjections from Paige says it is back on again. Alone, Finney tells Ray that he works only for him –- and suggests things will get ugly with the rest of the brood. Paige later calls Ray asking to meet, Ray declines, stating that he works only for her father. Going home, Ray gets a frosty reception from Bridget but stays at the family home in Abby’s absence.

29
5
"Handshake Deal"
Colin Bucksey
Gina Welch
August 9, 2015 (2015-08-09)
1.32[30]

Mickey sets up a girls and gear party for PJ and his tech company Kwip. All goes well until more product than agreed is consumed, leaving Mickey $10,000 down. One of the girls gets busy with Coner. Ray is tasked by Finney with retrieving a phone which contains damaging evidence of Governor Verona’s dalliances. He enlists Lena to help and brings her back on staff. The phone recovered, Ray discovers that Paige was among Verona’s indiscretions. Bunchy’s heart is broken when Teresa and family leave after Terry spikes the wrestling deal. Romero tries further to befriend Bunchy. Bridget is having trouble with her college application; Ray’s attending a meeting with her doesn’t help so she phones her Mom. Abby, who has agreed to buy the bar and put in Margaret’s name, agrees to come home. On hearing from her sister that she needs Ray to agree to the bar deal Margaret becomes angry. Mickey tries to extend his loan with the Armenians and ends up agreeing to give them 50% of the business. Paige wants the phone but Ray insists his loyalties lie with her father. On meeting Finney he implies that the phone has been destroyed, Finney is displeased but seems content that his daughter does not have it. Ray later meets with Paige and offers the phone for 5% of the NFL deal, but settles for 3%. Ray comes home to find Mickey and Coner there, sending Coner to bed; Ray shares a quick drink with his father. After Mickey leaves Ray watches TV with the dog and then Abby comes home.

30
6
"Swing Vote"
John Dahl
Michael Tolkin
August 16, 2015 (2015-08-16)
1.61[31]

The Minassians take Mickey to visit another of their business partners and show him the punishment that awaits if payment is late. He returns to the apartment complex to find Ginger packed and ready to leave as Mrs Rosenblatt has threatened to call child protection about Audrey, Mickey says he will help and she should stay. Abby asks Ray if he wants a divorce, he doesn’t answer straight away but later calls saying a divorce is not what he wants, he wants to build a better life for them all. Bunchy shares his feelings about losing Teresa with his support group, Romero convinces him they should go and see her in Bakersfield on the trip Romero claims to have stabbed his own abuser in the eyes. Terry receives a weight plate shaped calling card from the Aryans. Ray gets confirmation from Lee Drexler that his contract with Paige is good and signs it. He is then called in by Finney to help delay a potential bidder for the NFL team, so that he misses the deadline. He despatches Lena to intercept this Mr Sylvester, whom they drug and deposit in a motel room. Paige gets the deal signed, though has to agree to a 10% break fee. Bunchy visits Teresa and asks her to marry him, despite her protestations he says he will wait at a diner down the street until she changes her mind. At the diner, Romero tricks Bunchy into saying how his abuser was despatched. Teresa does arrive and agrees to go with Bunchy – but only if he agrees to: tell the truth, be faithful, not hit her and drop the name Bunchy, Brendan agrees. At the election party Abby is introduced to Verona and the Finney clan. Ray leaves for a while to attend to a petrified Terry. On returning, with Verona losing the election and having found out about the deal with Paige, Finney expresses his disappointment at Ray.

31
7
"All Must Be Loved"
Tucker Gates
David Hollander
August 23, 2015 (2015-08-23)
1.37[32]

Terry’s specialist advises him that recent events are normal for Parkinson’s and he should really have in-home support, Ray agrees with Abby that he could move in with them, Terry later declines. Darryl is beaten and his car is taken by the Armenians who had come after a $30k payment, Mickey says he will sort it out and arranges to meet them with the money. Bunchy tells his family of his intention to marry Teresa and asks Ray for his settlement money. Ray OK’s the financing for Abby’s father’s bar. Paige tells Donovan she is divorcing Varick and fronts Ray $200k to bribe Helen Miller of Fish & Game. Romero calls Ray and asks for a meet, saying he knows about Father O’Connor’s murder. At the meeting he offers forgiveness if Ray confesses, Ray starts to confess then leaves – Romero follows but Ray turns on the priest and beats him until Terry pulls him off – Romero excommunicates them but calls for Ray to repent. Bunchy goes to Mickey looking for more work, Mickey takes him to the meeting with the Armenians, who, on discovering Mickey has given them play money lay in to Mickey and Darryl outnumbering and overwhelming them until Bunchy steps in – Darryl later tells Mickey that reprisals are a certainty. Bridget's crush on her tutor, Greg Donellen, moves to the next level. Paige summons Ray on the pretext of business, but on arriving her motives are clearly more about pleasure.

32
8
"Tulip"
Michael Uppendahl
David Hollander & William Wheeler
August 30, 2015 (2015-08-30)
1.44[33]

Paige tells Ray, her overnight guest, that they must seal the deal with Napier that week to keep everything on track. Ray enlists Helen Miller to provide some evidence (snakes which have been used to traffic drugs) which will be planted on Miller. Despite good planning by Ray and Lena, one of the snakes bites Miller, thwarting their plans. Romero shows up at the gym and has Bunchy summon Ray. Armed and ready to dispose of another priest, Ray is surprised when Romero simply hands him all of the evidence that he has gathered and leaves. The Armenians take revenge by torching Daryll’s car. The investigating police officer tells Mickey that she is aware of his activities and that he can either become an informant again or he, Darryl and Bunchy will likely face jail. Mickey later calls her and agrees. A disgruntled Varick is denied access to Finney so sneaks in through a back door. He threatens to expose his relationship with Finney who responds by hitting him, fatally, with a fire poker. Finney calls in Ray who, in turn, brings Avi back to help clean up with Lena. Burning and burying Varick’s body (along with Romero’s evidence) in a deep desert grave, Avi tries to convince Ray that Kate's murder was for Ray’s good. Finney, as agreed with Ray, tells Paige he will pay Napier’s price for the land and that she can take control of the deal going forward. Avi lays a false trail suggesting Varick fled south of the border. Bridget visits Donellen at home. He is on painkillers, and after he falls asleep on the couch Bridget snuggles up alongside him. Abby gets Terry cleaned up somewhat and he ends up staying in the room that Abby had prepared for him.

33
9
"The Octopus"
Colin Bucksey
Brett Johnson
September 6, 2015 (2015-09-06)
1.41[34]

Mickey is required by Detective Muncie to work with them on a sting operation against the Minassians and their Russian supplier of trafficked girls, Ivan Belikov. Preparations for Bunchy’s wedding are underway but at the rehearsal dinner Ray gives less a best man’s speech, more a mumbled couple of sentences. Ray has Lena check out Teresa and family, who are mostly clean. Terry’s Parkinson’s (or meds) give him nightmares and when checking out the noise Abby and Ray find a shaken and embarrassed Terry has wet the bed. The NFL is checking the Finneys' deal and the absence of Varick leads them to have one of their investigators, disgraced former FBI director Ed Cochran, look into the deal. Cochran seems to relish the prospect of encountering Ray again. Mickey hides out in a motel. Muncie goes looking for him and arrests groom-to-be Bunchy when Mickey cannot be located. Ray agrees with Muncie to swap father for brother, then tracks down Mickey and convinces him to return. Mickey meets with the Minassians and sees the pictures of the sex-slaves that Belikov is controlling; he is shaken by these. Bridget is out bowling with Donellen who admits his feelings for her. Bunchy and Teresa are married and the reception is a success with Ray delivering a fine and moving speech. Mickey asks Ray for help with his situation. Ray asks Lena to look into the Minassians.

34
10
"One Night in Yerevan"
Dan Attias
Gina Welch & David Hollander
September 13, 2015 (2015-09-13)
1.43[35]

Ray is planning to get Mickey out of his sticky situation with the cops by working with old employer Lee Drexler. Ray gets Lee to act as a legal representative for Mickey. Their angle is to say that Mickey is senile, which is signed off on by a doctor whom they pay, and then appoint Ray as his guardian. That means that Mickey can’t rightfully participate in Muncie’s sting. Ray also tries to convince the Minassians to let Mickey out of the deal they made, and asks for help from an Armenian pop star whom Ray had helped out in the past. Meanwhile, Cochran is gathering more evidence in his investigation of Ray, using the vetting of the Finney NFL deal as a reason to dig into any potential dirty business. Cochran is getting closer to learning the truth. He meets with Finney, gets a sense of where he stands, and also bribes his way into Avi’s storage locker. Worried about Bridget, Abby searches her room for something that will help her figure out what’s wrong. She finds Mr. Donellen’s pill bottle and confronts Bridget about it. When Abby learns the truth, she first threatens to call the cops. Donellen lies to Abby telling her that Bridget is obsessed with him because they both lost loved ones.

35
11
"Poker"
Colin Bucksey
Michael Tolkin & Brett Johnson
September 20, 2015 (2015-09-20)
1.45[36]

Cochran sends the LAPD, via their website, a map of where Varick’s body is buried, his screen observed remotely by Avi and Lena. He then plants the poker at Ray's apartment and has Finney tell the police chief that it was Ray who killed Varick. Finney asks Paige to back him up. Avi calls Ray and they agree the body should be moved. Ray answers some of a detective’s questions about Varick, but Lee Drexler arrives and concludes the conversation. Lee tells Ray that Finney had implicated him; Ray sees Finney’s lawyer and tells him to have Finney recant his statement. Cochran arrives home to find Ray there, Ray asks where the poker is, but it takes a bullet to the leg and some persuasion to get the location. Ray recovers the poker just before the police arrive – Lena speeds it away. Bridget, though grounded, visits Donellen and tells him how she feels but he gently rebuffs her. Abby arrives and takes Bridget away. Terry makes a pass at Abby. Ray intercepts Paige on her way into the LAPD offices and he tries to convince her to tell the truth. She tells the police that Finney killed Varick and that they were lovers. Ray and his team deposit the body and poker in a dumpster at Finney’s home. Paige tells Finney she made her statement, but not its contents, and Lena torches the body. Ray and his team return a bruised Cochran to Dybek. Mickey avoids having to move to Reno by convincing his boys he has Alzheimer’s, and claims that he is scared that Ray will lock him away somewhere. Ray confronts Mickey, and Mickey tells Ray they will all hate him if he is sent away, forcing Ray to relent.

36
12
"Exsuscito"
David Hollander
David Hollander & William Wheeler
September 27, 2015 (2015-09-27)
1.50[37]

TV news covers unfolding events at the Finney house, Paige arrives at Ray’s apartment to ride out the media storm. Ray leaves and goes home. Bridget is in Santa Monica and arranges a liaison with Greg Donellen. Teresa wakes Bunchy and rides him before she takes him to the hills and tells him she is pregnant, Bunchy reacts badly and admits he is worried about how good a parent he would be and doesn’t want to disappoint her. Abby searches for Bridget, hammering on Donellen’s door getting no response. Meanwhile Ray arrives home where Terry, reluctantly, tells him about Donellen. Ray calls Bridget, who does not answer, when Abby texts asking where she is she says at Mickey’s. Terry agrees to collect her; Abby tells Ray who agrees to meet there. Ray is second to arrive but sees two of the Armenians armed for revenge, he gets a gun and finds the Armenians shooting out Mickey’s apartment, Ray shoots at them but they leave quickly. Michelle is killed and Terry is badly hurt. Ray and Mickey rush Terry to the hospital. Avi advises that the Minassians will kill all of Ray's family, so Ray and Avi plan to eliminate them. Waiting as Minassians arrive at their club they are surprised to see Mickey arrive and gun down the doorman before entering the building. They follow and between them dispatch the Armenian men, though Ray is wounded. Mickey slits the throat of Ovsanna Minassian. Ray next goes to rescue Bridget. Donellen has declined Bridget’s advances but this doesn’t stop Ray from punching him a few times hard. He takes Bridget with him to the hospital where Terry is. She says Ray doesn’t love her or anyone, and leaves. She goes home and packs her bags. Terry is in a bad way, wounded and weakened. Ray goes to see Romero so he will visit Terry. Romero awaits his confession, Terry’s heart arrests. Ray confesses and tells of Father O’Connor’s misdeeds against him; Terry regains consciousness. Leaving the confessional Ray collapses. Romero drives him back towards L.A.

text: Season 4 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

37
1
"Girl with Guitar"
Liev Schreiber
David Hollander
June 20, 2016 (2016-06-20) (online)
June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26) (Showtime)
1.11[38]

Ray and Terry have recovered. Ray attends his first abuse survivors' support meeting and tries to get Bridget to move back home. Abby gets alarming medical news that she has cancer. Mickey's new con fizzles. Ray gets a job offer but then has to help a friend out of a jam.

38
2
"Marisol"
John Dahl
Mike Binder & Rob Fresco
July 3, 2016 (2016-07-03)
1.15[39]

Ray helps Hector handle a person from his past who threatens to reveal a secret that could ruin Hector's boxing career. Meanwhile, Abby offers Bunchy a lesson in marital compromise; and Det. Muncie uses incriminating evidence against the Donovans to force Ray's hand, which draws him further in the path of the Russian mob.

39
3
"Little Bill Primm's Big Green Horseshoe"
Michael Apted
David Hollander & Miki Johnson
July 10, 2016 (2016-07-10)
1.34[40]

Ray struggles with not bringing work home, while boxing brings drama to both homes. Meanwhile his fathers paradox luck pulls him closer to his son.

40
4
"Federal Boobie Inspector"
Phil Abraham
Sean Conway
July 17, 2016 (2016-07-17)
1.27[41]

Ray visits a Hollywood power player in an attempt to get the Russian mob off his back and unearths a secret Ezra shared in the past. Meanwhile, Lena and an ex-girlfriend take Abby out on the town to help her confront fears over her recent cancer diagnosis; and Mickey offers his boys a job prospect and tries to assimilate back into the family.

41
5
"Get Even Before Leavin'"
Robert McLachlan
Chad Feehan
July 24, 2016 (2016-07-24)
1.27[42]

Ray goes with Mickey to Primm, to retrieve the money from the recent heist at the Casino. Meanwhile, Abby has some difficult decisions to make about her cancer, Bridget returns home and Bunchy has serious marital problems.

42
6
"Fish and Bird"
Daisy von Scherler Mayer
David Hollander
July 31, 2016 (2016-07-31)
1.24[43]

Mickey takes the blame for the Armenian hit and goes to prison. Belikov is released. Bunchy baptizes his daughter and comes to live with Ray after Teresa left him. Ray settles his debt with the Russian mob, but new troubles arise.

43
7
"Norman Saves the World"
Tricia Brock
Mike Binder & David Sonnenborn
August 7, 2016 (2016-08-07)
1.13[44]

Ray has a confrontation with a Hollywood agent and a former fixer; without the protection of the Russians, Ray helps Mickey secure his own safety.

44
8
"The Texan"
Tucker Gates
David Hollander & Sean Conway
August 14, 2016 (2016-08-14)
1.21[45]

Ray and Abby find out about Conor's gun; Hector's plans get surprisingly interrupted by Marisol.

45
9
"Goodbye Beautiful"
James Whitmore Jr.
Chad Feehan & Miki Johnson
August 21, 2016 (2016-08-21)
1.21[46]

Sonia asks Ray for help. Mickey, Bunchy and Teresa go to Primm. The Russians find out about Belikov.

46
10
"Lake Hollywood"
Stephen Williams
David Hollander & Mike Binder
August 28, 2016 (2016-08-28)
1.00[47]

Hector's wife confronts him and he deals with Marisol. Mickey, Bunchy and Teresa go to Ray's house. Ray does everything he can to ensure his family's safety and save his friend.

47
11
"Chinese Algebra"
John Dahl
Sean Conway & Chad Feehan
September 11, 2016 (2016-09-11)
1.47[48]

Ray's latest attempt to save Avi and square his debts to the mob takes a hit when FBI agent Frank Barnes becomes involved.

48
12
"Rattus Rattus"
David Hollander
David Hollander
September 18, 2016 (2016-09-18)
1.34[49]

As the Campos fight gets underway, Ray desperately turns to his family for help.

text: Season 5 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

49
1
"Abby"
David Hollander
David Hollander
August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
1.13[50]

Ray begins court-ordered anger management after a family tragedy sparks a bar fight. Meanwhile, Mickey, Bunchy and Daryll prepare for Terry and Maureen's wedding and Bridget looks up a mysterious acquaintance in New York. Conor adjusts to military school and Samantha Winslow, a studio head, hires Ray to do some work for her.

50
2
"Las Vegas"
John Dahl
David Hollander & Miki Johnson
August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)
1.11[51]

A flashback to Ray and Abby's 21st anniversary when they went to Las Vegas to see Damon's first televised fight. In the present, movie star Natalie James hires Ray to protect her from her abusive manager, who has also impregnated her. Hopes for a beautiful day are dashed at Terry and Maureen's wedding as tensions flare between the Donovans and the Dohertys.

51
3
"Dogwalker"
John Dahl
Sean Conway
August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)
1.06[52]

Ray cleans up Natalie's mess. At home, however, he struggles to reconnect with his family and complete anger management. Unable to reach Maureen, Terry visits Conor at military school. A surprise visit from Frank Barnes threatens to sink Mickey back into a life of violence. Bunchy happens upon the business opportunity of a lifetime to provide for Teresa and Maria.

52
4
"Sold"
Tucker Gates
Chad Feehan
August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
1.07[53]

Mickey's screenwriting dreams stall out - until he's pulled into a gruesome fix for Daryll's movie star client. Abby starts construction on the new bar while Ray searches for a solution to their problem. Terry tries to win back Maureen one last time. Bunchy takes the cash out of his safe for a business deal. However, he stops at a local sandwich shop with all his money in a diaper bag and is robbed. Bridget tells her boyfriend that her father is not a nice man, and intentionally got him sick so that Abby could take his place on an experimental cancer treatment.

53
5
"Shabbos Goy"
Daisy von Scherler Mayer
David Hollander & William Wheeler
September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
1.08[54]

Tom and Vicky blackmail Winslow, and demand money and one of her Oscar statuettes. Ray is looking for Natalie. Mickey finds Avi, but is unable to murder him for Frank Barnes.

54
6
"Shelley Duvall"
Michael Uppendahl
Miki Johnson & David Sonnenborn
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
1.05[55]

Terry visits Bridget, Landry finds out that Natalie is staying with Ray, and asks to see her. Upon confronting Natalie, Landry grabs her roughly, and Ray stops him.

55
7
"If I Should Fall from Grace with God"
Michael Uppendahl
David Hollander & Chad Feehan
September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)
1.15[56]

56
8
"Horses"
Zetna Fuentes
William Wheeler
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
1.22[57]

57
9
"Mister Lucky"
Guy Ferland
Sean Conway
October 8, 2017 (2017-10-08)
1.21[58]

58
10
"Bob the Builder"
Stephen Williams
Chad Feehan
October 15, 2017 (2017-10-15)
1.24[59]

59
11
"Michael"
Carl Franklin
Miki Johnson
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)
1.23[60]

Ray searches for Frank Barnes in an attempt to get Bridget out of jail. In New York, Terry deals with the return of Damon's father and takes care of Smitty at Bridget's request.

60
12
"Time Takes a Cigarette"
David Hollander
David Hollander
October 29, 2017 (2017-10-29)
TBD


document_title: Name of Canada

question_text: who gave the word canadian its modern meaning

text: Name of Canada

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The name Canada is now generally accepted as originating from the St. Lawrence Iroquoian word kanata or canada, meaning "village" or "settlement".[2] Related translations include "land" or "town", with subsequent terminologies meaning "cluster of dwellings" or "collection of huts".[2][3] This explanation is historically documented in Jacques Cartier's Bref récit et succincte narration de la navigation faite en MDXXXV et MDXXXVI.[2]

text: Although the Laurentian language, which was spoken by the inhabitants of St. Lawrence Valley settlements such as Stadacona (modern-day Quebec City) and Hochelaga (modern-day Montreal) in the 16th century, is now extinct, it was closely related to other dialects of the Haudonosonee/ Iroquoian languages, such as the Oneida and Mohawk languages. The word kaná:ta' still means "town" in Mohawk,[4] and related cognates include ganataje and iennekanandaa in the Onondaga and Seneca languages respectively.[2] Prior to archeological confirmation that the St. Lawrence Iroquois were a separate people from the Mohawk, most sources specifically linked the name's origin to the Mohawk word instead of the Laurentian one.[5]

text: A widespread perception in Canadian folklore is that Cartier misunderstood the term "Canada" as the existing proper name of the Iroquois people's entire territory rather than the generic class noun for a town or village — for instance, the Historica Foundation of Canada's Heritage Minute film devoted to Cartier's landing at Hochelaga is scripted as having Cartier believe that "Kanata" or "Canada" was the established name of the entire country.[6] This is not supported by Cartier's own writings, however — in Bref récit, Cartier fully understands the actual meaning of the word ("They call a town Canada"),[7] and his earliest name for the wider territory is "le pays des Canadas" ("country of Canadas",[8] "land of Canadas" or "land of villages").

text: While the Saint-Lawrence Iroquoian origin for the name Canada is now widely accepted, other theories have been put forth in the past.

text: Iberian origin theory[edit]

text: The most common alternative theory suggested that the name originated when Spanish or Portuguese explorers, having explored the northern part of the continent and unable to find gold and silver, wrote el cabo de nada ("Cape Nothing"), acá nada, aqui nada or cá nada ("nothing here") on that part of their maps.[9] An alternative explanation favoured by philologist Marshall Elliott linked the name to the Spanish word cañada, meaning "glen" or "valley".[10][11]

text: The earliest iterations of the Spanish "nothing here" theory stated that the explorers made the declaration upon visiting the Bay of Chaleur,[12] while later versions left out any identifying geographic detail. The known Portuguese presence in modern Canadian territory, meanwhile, was located in Newfoundland and Labrador. Neither region is located anywhere near Iroquoian territory, and the name "Canada" does not appear on any Spanish or Portuguese maps of the North American coast that predate Cartier's visit.[11] No name for the Bay of Chaleur is attested at all in Spanish sources from that period, while the only name for Newfoundland attested in Portuguese sources is "Tierra de los Baccalaos", or "land of cod."

text: In most versions of the Iberian origin theory, the Spanish or Portuguese passed their name on to the Iroquois, who rapidly adopted it in place of their own prior word for a village;[11] however, no historical evidence for any such Iberian-Iroquoian interaction has ever actually been found.[11] Elliott's "valley" theory, conversely, was that the Spanish gave their name for the area directly to Cartier, who then entirely ignored or passed over the virtually identical Iroquoian word.[11] According to Elliott, Cartier never explicitly stated that there was a direct connection between canada or kanata as the Iroquoian word for "village" and Canada as the new name of the entire territory, and never accounted for the spelling difference between kanata and Canada—and thus the Spanish etymology had to be favoured because the spellings matched.[11] Notably, Cartier never wrote of having any awareness of any preexisting Spanish or Portuguese name for the region either, meaning that Elliott's allegation that the kanata derivation was not adequately supported by Cartier's own writing on the matter was also true of his own preferred theory.

text: Franciscan priest André Thévet claimed that the word derived from "segada canada", an answer reportedly given by Spaniards in the St. Lawrence Valley area when asked what their purpose was; according to Thévet, the phrase meant that they were seeking land[13] or that they were hunting.[14]

text: Few academics subscribe to the Iberian origin theory today, although some Spanish or Portuguese historians continue to support it over an Iroquoian root.

text: Minor or humorous theories[edit]

text: British philologist B. Davies surmised that by the same process which initially saw the First Nations mislabelled as Indians, the country came to be named for the Carnata region of India or that region's Kannada ethnic group,[15] although his theory has attracted no significant support from other academics.[2]

text: Additional theories have attributed the name "Canada" to a word in an unspecified aboriginal language for "mouth of the country" in reference to the Gulf of St. Lawrence,[2] to a Cree word for "neat or clean",[16] to a claimed Innu war cry of "kan-na-dun, Kunatun",[14] to a shared Cree and Innu word, "p'konata", which purportedly meant "without a plan" or "I don't know",[17] to a short-lived French colony purportedly established by a settler whose surname was Cane,[2] to Cartier's description elsewhere in his writings of Labrador as "the land God gave to Cain", or to a claim that the early French habitants demanded a "can a day" of spruce beer from the local intendant[2] (a claim easily debunked by the facts that the habitants would have been speaking French, not English, and that canning did not exist until the 19th century.)

text: In their 1983 book The Anglo Guide to Survival in Québec, humorists Josh Freed and Jon Kalina tied the Iberian origin theory to the phrase nada mas caca ("nothing but shit").[18] No historian or linguist has ever analyzed this explanation as anything more than an obvious joke.

text: Canadian[edit]

text: The demonym "Canadien" or "Canadian" used to refer exclusively to the aboriginal groups who were native to the territory.[11] Its use was extended over time to the French settlers of New France, and later the English settlers of Upper Canada.[11]

text: New France[edit]

text: European explorer Jacques Cartier transcribed the word as "Canada" and was the first to use the word to refer not only to the village of Stadacona but also to the neighbouring region and to the Saint Lawrence River, which he called rivière de Canada during his second voyage in 1535.[19][20] By the mid 1500s, European books and maps began referring to this region as Canada. Canada became the name of a colony in New France that stretched along the St. Lawrence River.[21][22] The terms "Canada" and "New France" were often used interchangeably during the colonial period.[21]

text: British North America[edit]

text: After the British conquest of New France (including ceding of the French colony, Canada) in 1763, the colony was renamed the Province of Quebec. Following the American revolution and the influx of United Empire Loyalists into Quebec, the colony was split on 26 December 1791 into Upper and Lower Canada, sometime being collectively known as "The Canadas", the first time that the name "Canada" was used officially.[23]

text: Some reports from the 1840s suggest that in that era, the word "Canada" was commonly pronounced "Kaugh-na-daugh" rather than its more contemporary pronunciation.[11]

text: Upper and Lower Canada were merged into one colony, the Province of Canada, in 1841, based on the recommendations of the Durham Report.[2] The former colonies were then known as Canada East and Canada West, and a single legislature was established with equal representation from each. Underpopulated Canada West opposed demands by Canada East for representation by population, but the roles reversed as Canada West's population surpassed the east's. The single colony remained governed in this way until 1 July 1867, often with coalition governments. A new capital city was being built at Ottawa, chosen in 1857 by Queen Victoria, and became a national capital.

text: Selection of the name Canada[edit]

text: At the conferences held in London to determine the form of confederation that would unite the Province of Canada (now Ontario and Quebec), the Province of New Brunswick and the Province of Nova Scotia, a delegate from either Nova Scotia or New Brunswick proposed the name Canada in February 1867, and it was unanimously accepted by the other delegates. There appears to have been little discussion,[24] though other names were suggested.

text: Other proposed names[edit]

text: While the provinces' delegates spent little time, if any, in settling on 'Canada' as the name for the new country, others proposed a variety of other names:[25][26]

text:
Anglia – the medieval Latin name for England
Albionoria – "Albion of the north"
Borealia – from 'borealis', the Latin word for 'northern'; compare with Australia
Cabotia – in honour of Italian explorer John Cabot, who explored the eastern coast of Canada for England
Colonia
Efisga – an acronym of "English, French, Irish, Scottish, German, Aboriginal"
Hochelaga – an old name for Montreal
Laurentia
Mesopelagia – "land between the seas"
New Albion
Norland
Superior
Tupona – derived from 'The United Provinces of North America'
Transatlantica
Ursalia – "place of bears"
Vesperia – "land of the evening star"
Victorialand – in honour of Queen Victoria

text: Walter Bagehot of The Economist newspaper in London argued that the new nation should be called 'Northland' or 'Anglia' instead of Canada.[27] On these names, the statesman Thomas D'Arcy McGee commented, "Now I would ask any honourable member of the House how he would feel if he woke up some fine morning and found himself, instead of a Canadian, a Tuponian or a Hochelegander?".[28]

text: Adoption of Dominion[edit]

text: During the Charlottetown Conference of 1864, John A. Macdonald, who later became the first Prime Minister of Canada, talked of "founding a great British monarchy", in connection with the British Empire. He advocated, in the fourth Canadian draft of the British North America Act, the name "Kingdom of Canada,"[29] in the text is said:

text:
The word 'Parliament' shall mean the Legislature or Parliament of the Kingdom of Canada.
The word 'Kingdom' shall mean and comprehend the United Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick.
The words 'Privy Council' shall mean such persons as may from time to time be appointed, by the Governor General, and sworn to aid and advise in the Government of the Kingdom.[30]

text: Canada's founders, led by Sir John A. Macdonald wished their new nation to be called the Kingdom of Canada, to "fix the monarchical basis of the constitution."[31] The governor general at the time, the Viscount Monck, supported the move to designate Canada a kingdom;[32] however, officials at the Colonial Office in London opposed this potentially "premature" and "pretentious" reference for a new country. They were also wary of antagonizing the United States, which had emerged from its Civil War as a formidable military power with unsettled grievances because British interests had sold ships to the Confederacy despite a blockade, and thus opposed the use of terms such as kingdom or empire to describe the new country.[33]

text: New Brunswick premier Sir Samuel Leonard Tilley suggested the term 'Dominion',[34] inspired by Psalm 72:8 (from the King James Bible): "He shall have dominion also from sea to sea, and from the river unto the ends of the earth."[35] This is also echoed in Canada's motto: A Mari Usque Ad Mare (Latin for "from sea to sea").[36]

text: The term had been used for centuries to refer to the lands held by a monarch,[37] and had previously been adopted as titles for the Dominion of New England and the Dominion and Colony of Virginia. It continued to apply as a generic term for the major colonial possessions of the British Empire until well into the 20th century,[38] although Tilley and the other Fathers of Confederation broadened the meaning of the word 'dominion' to a "virtual synonym for sovereign state".[39] Its adoption as a title for Canada in 1867 served the purpose of upholding the monarchist principle in Canada; in a letter to Queen Victoria, Lord Carnarvon stated: "The North American delegates are anxious that the United Provinces should be designated as the 'Dominion of Canada.' It is a new title, but intended on their part as a tribute to the Monarchical principle which they earnestly desire to uphold.".[40]

text: Macdonald, however, bemoaned its adoption. In a letter to Lord Knutsford on the topic of the loss of the use of the word kingdom, Macdonald said:

text: A great opportunity was lost in 1867 when the Dominion was formed out of the several provinces…The declaration of all the B.N.A. provinces that they desired as one dominion to remain a portion of the Empire, showed what wise government and generous treatment would do, and should have been marked as an epoch in the history of England. This would probably have been the case had Lord Carnarvon, who, as colonial minister, had sat at the cradle of the new Dominion, remained in office. His ill-omened resignation was followed by the appointment of the late Duke of Buckingham, who had as his adviser the then Governor General, Lord Monck - both good men, certainly, but quite unable, from the constitution of their minds, to rise to the occasion. Had a different course been pursued, for instance, had united Canada been declared to be an auxiliary kingdom, as it was in the Canadian draft of the bill, I feel sure almost that the Australian colonies would, ere this, have been applying to be placed in the same rank as The Kingdom of Canada.[41][42]

text: He added as a postscript that it was adopted on the suggestion of British colonial ministers to avoid offending republican sensibilities in the United States:

text: P.S. On reading the above over I see that it will convey the impression that the change of title from Kingdom to Dominion was caused by the Duke of Buckingham. This is not so. It was made at the instance of Lord Derby, then foreign minister, who feared the first name would wound the sensibilities of the Yankees. I mentioned this incident in our history to Lord Beaconsfield at Hughenden in 1879, who said, 'I was not aware of the circumstance, but it is so like Derby, a very good fellow, but who lives in a region of perpetual funk.'[43]

text: Use of the term dominion was formalized in 1867 through Canadian Confederation. In the Constitution of Canada, namely the Constitution Act, 1867 (British North America Acts), the preamble of the Act indicates:

text: Whereas the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick have expressed their Desire to be federally united into One Dominion under the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with a Constitution similar in Principle to that of the United Kingdom....[44]

text: And section 2 indicates that the provinces:

text: ... shall form and be One Dominion under the Name of Canada; and on and after that Day those Three Provinces shall form and be One Dominion under that Name accordingly.[44]

text: In J.S. Ewart's two volume work, The Kingdom Papers,[45][46] it is noted that the following names were considered for the union of British North America: "The United Colony of Canada", "the United Provinces of Canada", and "the Federated Provinces of Canada".[47] Ewart was also an ardent advocate for the formation of "the Republic of Canada", a position which was rarely expressed in those times.[48]

text: French terms for Dominion[edit]

text: The French translation of the 1867 British North America Act translated "One Dominion under the Name of Canada" as "une seule et même Puissance sous le nom de Canada" using Puissance (power) as a translation for dominion. Later the English loan-word dominion was also used in French.[49]

text: The Fathers of Confederation met at the Quebec Conference of 1864 to discuss the terms of this new union. One issue on the agenda was to determine the Union's "feudal rank" (see Resolution 71 of the Quebec Conference, 1864). The candidates for the classification of this new union were: "the Kingdom of Canada" (le Royaume du Canada), "the Realm of Canada" (le Royaume du Canada), "the Union of Canada" (l'Union du Canada), and "the Dominion of Canada" (le Dominion du Canada).

text: Use of Canada and Dominion of Canada[edit]

text: There are numerous references in United Kingdom Acts of Parliament to "the Dominion of Canada" and the British North America Act, 1867 referred to the formation of "one Dominion under the name of Canada".[50] Nonetheless, the term "Dominion of Canada" appears in the Constitution Act, 1871 — usage of which was "sanctioned"[51] — and both appear in other texts of the period, as well as on numerous Canadian banknotes before 1935.

text: Until the 1950s, the term Dominion of Canada was commonly used to identify the country. As Canada acquired political authority and autonomy from the United Kingdom, the federal government began using simply Canada on state documents. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, which refers only to Canada. Later that year, the national holiday was renamed from Dominion Day to Canada Day. Section 4 of the 1867 BNA Act also declares that:

text: Unless it is otherwise expressed or implied, the Name Canada shall be taken to mean Canada as constituted under this Act.

text: and this has been interpreted to mean that the name of the country is simply Canada. No constitutional statute amends this name, and the subsequent Canada Act 1982 does not use the term dominion. However, the Canadian constitution includes the preceding BNA Acts, where the term is used; also, the Canada Act 1982 does not state that Canada is not a dominion. Official sources of the United Nations system,[52][53] international organizations (such as the Organization of American States[54]), the European Union,[55] the United States,[56] and other polities with which Canada has official relations as a state consistently use Canada as the only official name, state that Canada has no long-form name, or that the formal name is simply Canada. While no legal document ever says that the name of the country is anything other than Canada,[57] Dominion and Dominion of Canada remain official titles of the country.[58][59][60]

text: In recent years, the terms Dominion of Canada and Dominion are occasionally used to distinguish modern (post-1867) Canada from either the earlier Province of Canada or from the even earlier The Canadas. The terms are also used to distinguish the federal government from the provinces, though in this usage "federal" has replaced "dominion". The federal government continues to produce publications and educational materials that specify the currency of these official titles, although these publications are not themselves legal or official documents.[61][62][63] For instance, in 2008 the Canadian government registered the Maple Leaf Tartan with the Scottish Tartans Authority under the name Dominion of Canada.[64]


document_title: National Do Not Call Registry

question_text: who has authority to implement do not call rules

text: National Do Not Call Registry

text: Implementation Act[edit]

text: On June 27, 2003, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) opened the National Do Not Call Registry in order to comply with the Do-Not-Call Implementation Act of 2003 (Pub.L. 108–10, was H.R. 395, and codified at 15 U.S.C. § 6101 et. seq.), sponsored by Representatives Billy Tauzin and John Dingell and signed into law by President George W. Bush on March 11, 2003.[2] The law established the FTC's National Do Not Call Registry in order to facilitate compliance with the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991.[2]

text: Registration for the Do-Not-Call list began on June 27, 2003, and enforcement started on October 1, 2003. Since January 1, 2005, telemarketers covered by the registry have up to 31 days (initially the period was 90 days) from the date a number is registered to cease calling that number. Originally, phone numbers remained on the registry for a period of five years, but are now permanent because of the Do-Not-Call Improvement Act of 2007, effective February 2008.[3]

text:
Consumers may add landline or cellular numbers to the registry,[4] but FCC regulations prohibit telemarketers from calling a cellular phone number with an automatic dialer under almost all circumstances.[4][5] In 2005, a rumor began circulating via e-mail that cell phone providers were planning on making their number directories available to telemarketers. The FTC responded by clarifying that cell phones cannot be called by telemarketers.[6] Similarly, fax numbers do not need to be included in the
registry due to existing federal laws and regulations that prohibit the sending of unsolicited faxes.

text: If a person does not want to register a number on the national registry, they can still prohibit individual telemarketers from calling by asking the caller to put the called number on the company’s do-not-call list.

text: Legal challenges[edit]

text: The do-not-call list was slated to take effect on October 1, 2003, but two federal district court decisions almost delayed it. One from Oklahoma was overcome by special legislation giving the FTC specific jurisdiction over the matter. The other from Colorado revolved around questions of regulation of commercial speech and threatened to delay implementation of the list. However, President Bush signed a bill authorizing the no-call list to go ahead in September 2003. Finally, the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit on February 17, 2004, upheld the constitutionality of the law.[7]

text: Exceptions to the do-not-call rule[edit]

text: Exceptions[edit]

text: Placing one's number on the National Do Not Call Registry will stop some, but not all, unsolicited calls. The following are exceptions granted by existing laws and regulations—and these types of organizations can register with donotcall.gov and can purchase telephone lists from the Do Not Call Registry[8]

text:
The registry only applies to personal calls, not to business lines or business to business calls.[9]
A person may still receive calls from political organizations.
The organization Citizens for Civil Discourse has lobbied Congress to close this exception by developing a National Political Do Not Call Registry where voters can register their phone numbers and ask politicians to take the "Do Not Contact Pledge". Its database is not backed by the force of law and as of November 2008, only 3 politicians running for office signed the pledge.[10]
A person may still receive calls from not-for-profit organizations.[11]
A person may still receive calls from those conducting surveys.
A person may still receive calls from a company up to 31 days[12] after submitting an application or inquiry to that company, unless the company is specifically asked not to call.
A person may still receive calls from bill collectors (either primary creditors or collection agencies). These callers are, however, regulated by other laws, such as the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, which limits them to calling during "reasonable hours". Some creditors may not call debtors who file for bankruptcy protection.

text: Loopholes[edit]

text: Some attempts have been made by telemarketers to skirt the do-not-call list rules. An example is the Dove Foundation, which places "survey" calls and then requests permission for a follow-up call. The follow-up call is conducted by a for-profit company attempting to sell products. This operation resulted in a restraining order in Missouri in March 2006.[13]

text: Enforcement[edit]

text: Complaints concerning telemarketing calls to homes and personal cell phones can be made to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission[14] and the Federal Trade Commission.[15]

text: The Federal Communications Commission has created rules implementing the National Do-Not-Call Implementation Act. These rules are codified at the Code of Federal Regulations, title 47, Section 64.1200.[16] The rules should be consulted in order to determine whether a particular incident violated the rules and can result in enforcement.

text: In order to create an actionable complaint pursuant to FCC rules, an individual with a home phone or a personal cell phone is required to specify details of the infraction to the FCC. Typically this includes facts such as when the call occurred, the phone number called, the calling organization, the goods or services being marketed, whether the caller has any exemption status. Details of these rules can be found on the FCC's complaint form.[14]

text: Many journalists and victims of fraudulent calls and Do-Not-Call violations have extensively documented ongoing and widespread inaction and lack of enforcement by the FTC.[17]

text: In May 2014 Sprint Corporation was fined a record $7.5 million for failing to honor requests by consumers to opt out of receiving telemarketing calls and texts. The fine followed an investigation that had begun in 2012. "We expect companies to respect the privacy of consumers who have opted out of marketing calls," Travis LeBlanc, acting chief of the FCC's enforcement bureau, said at the time. "When a consumer tells a company to stop calling or texting with promotional pitches, that request must be honored. Today's settlement leaves no question that protecting consumer privacy is a top enforcement priority."[18]

text: Do-Not-Call Improvement Act of 2007[edit]

text: On February 15, 2008, U.S. President George W. Bush signed H.R. 3541 into law as Pub.L. 110–187, the Do-Not-Call Improvement Act of 2007.  Two major changes were enacted through this law:

text:
While originally required to renew their phone numbers every five years, consumers need now only register once to maintain their phone numbers on the Do Not Call Registry.
The frequency with which the FTC must purge the registry of disconnected and reassigned numbers has also been increased to several times a month. However, the Do-Not-Call Improvement Act prohibits removing numbers from the do-not-call registry unless the number is invalid, disconnected, reassigned, or the individual to whom the number is assigned so requests.[19]

text: Results[edit]

text: According to the 2009 Economic Report of the President, prepared by the Council of Economic Advisers,

text: The program has proved quite popular: as of 2007, according to one survey, 72 percent of Americans had registered on the list, and 77 percent of those say that it made a large difference in the number of telemarketing calls that they receive (another 14 percent report a small reduction in calls). Another survey, conducted less than a year after the Do Not Call list was implemented, found that people who registered for the list saw a reduction in telemarketing calls from an average of 30 calls per month to an average of 6 per month.[20]


document_title: Good Deeds

question_text: where was tyler perry's good deeds filmed

question_tokens: where was tyler perry 's good deeds filmed

text: Good Deeds

text: Plot[edit]

text: The film opens with Wesley Deeds (Tyler Perry), head of the family-owned Deeds Corporation, dressing for work. His fiancée, Natalie (Gabrielle Union), fixes breakfast for him, noting his predictable routine. Before work, Wesley picks up his delinquent younger brother, Walter (Brian J. White), who lost his driver’s license after a string of DUIs. They have lunch with their mother, the respectable Wilimena Deeds (Phylicia Rashad). After lunch, Wilimena meets Natalie, Natalie’s mother, and Natalie’s best friend at the bridal shop. The two mothers urge Natalie to think about her future with Wesley.

text: On the impoverished side of town, Lindsey Wakefield (Thandie Newton), a single mother and cleaner for the Deeds Corporation, finds out she will be evicted if she doesn’t pay her bills soon. Lindsey rushes to pick up her check from work and ends up parking in Wesley’s reserved spot, leaving her six-year-old daughter, Ariel (Jordenn Thompson), in the car. Wesley and Walter find Ariel. Lindsey returns to find her car towed and argues with the two men. Lindsey takes Ariel to school, while Wesley has a meeting with his coworker and best friend, John (Eddie Cibrian), over acquiring a company Wesley's father has been competing against for years.

text: After work, Lindsey discovers she has been evicted. Taking her belongings, she picks up Ariel from school and works another shift. Ariel stays in a broom closet during the shift. They then begin to live in their van. Wesley sees them and decides to watch over them until Lindsey’s “boyfriend” comes for them. Wesley takes Lindsey and Ariel out for pizza; the trio bonds.

text: Ariel’s teacher finds out Lindsey and Ariel are homeless and threatens to call child services. Wesley struggles to expand the business while watching over Walter and developing a more complex love life with Natalie. One night, Natalie returns drunk after a fashion show and tries to initiate sex with her fiance, but he rejects her. After the child welfare agency takes Ariel, Wesley gives Lindsey a rent-free corporate apartment. Lindsey regains custody of Ariel. When Wesley reveals he has always wanted to ride a motorcycle, Lindsey rents one. The pair ride across the countryside and stops by a pond, where they kiss. Wesley admits he is engaged, and Lindsey leaves.

text: Deeds Corporation takes over the rival company, but Walter ruins the celebration with his outburst. Lindsey attends the party to talk to Wesley, and Walter forces her to stay. Walter suggests to Wilimena that Wesley and Lindsey are having an affair. Wilimena hints to Lindsey that Wesley would not stay with someone poorer for long. Natalie, Wesley, Walter, Wilimena, and Lindsey become trapped in an elevator after Wesley and Walter fight. Natalie and Wilimena notice Lindsey reaching for Wesley's hand, which was injured in the fight.

text: Wesley visits Lindsey that night, but she rejects him. Wesley and Natalie realize that, although they love each other, their marriage would not be happy because they are only together for their parents. They announce their split at their engagement party. Wesley also reveals he is quitting and traveling to see his old friends. He hires John as the new CEO of Deeds. Although initially angry, Walter accepts this.

text: Wesley tells Lindsey he is going to Nigeria and invites Lindsey and Ariel along. Lindsey again rejects him. Wesley boards his plane. As the plane is taking off, he sees Lindsey and Ariel sitting across the aisle. Wesley and Lindsey kiss, while Ariel looks on happily.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tyler Perry as Wesley Deeds
Thandie Newton as Lindsey Wakefield
Gabrielle Union as Natalie
Eddie Cibrian as John
Brian J. White as Walter Deeds
Jordenn Thompson as Ariel
Phylicia Rashad as Wilimena Deeds
Beverly Johnson as Brenda
Rebecca Romijn as Heidi
Jamie Kennedy as Mark Freeze
Andrew Masset as Mr. Brunson
Victoria Loving as Mrs. Brunson
Tom Thon as Milton

text: Production[edit]

text: Good Deeds was produced by Perry's 34th Street Films.[3] Principal photography took place in Atlanta from April 25, 2011[3] to June 2011.[4][5] Good Deeds was released through Liongate and Tyler Perry Studios"Good Deeds".  on February 24, 2012.[6]

text: Release[edit]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: As November 2012, the film has received mixed reviews. Rotten Tomatoes reported that 32% of critics gave the film positive reviews out of 31 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10.[7] Its consensus states, "Tyler Perry's craftmanship as a director continues to improve, but his stories are still the same ol' hoary, pretentious melodramas."[7] Metacritic reported that the film has an average score of 43 out of 100 based on 15 reviews.[8]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film grossed $15,583,924, ranking second on its opening weekend.[9] As of November 2012, the film has grossed a total gross of $35,025,791.[2]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The DVD was released on June 12, 2012.[10]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: In November 2012, author Terri Donald sued Perry claiming Good Deeds was based off her book, Bad Apples Can Be Good Fruit, published in 2007. Donald is seeking for $225,000 in initial damages as well as an injunction requiring the company to add a credit for her book in the opening and closing credits, as well as an account of the film’s revenue. Donald reportedly sent a copy of her book to Tyler under the pseudonym, TLO Red'ness, before the film went into production.[11]

text: In August 2013, U.S. District Court Judge William Pauley III dismissed the lawsuit stating that copyright law only protects expression and not ideas, and there was little similarity in the content.[12]

text: As of October 2015, Terri (Donald) Stickland continues her appeal to the court of public opinion by tweeting her loss while simultaneously promoting her book, Bad Apples Can Be Good Fruit, by citing similarities between her and the leading actress of Good Deeds, however the similarities end when it comes to weight.[13]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
BET Awards

Best Movie

Golden Raspberry Awards

Worst Actor (Tyler Perry) - Nominated
Worst Director (Tyler Perry) - Nominated

NAACP Image Award

Outstanding Actor in a Motion Picture (Tyler Perry) - Nominated