document_title: Gautam Adani

question_text: who started career as diamond sorter in mumbai

text: Gautam Adani

text: Early life[edit]

text: Gautam Adani was born into a Gujarati Jain Bania family on 24 June 1962, in Ahmedabad. He is the son of Shantilal and Shanta Adani and has seven siblings. His parents had migrated from the town of Tharad in the northern part of Gujarat. He did his schooling at the Sheth Chimanlal Nagindas Vidyalaya school in Ahmedabad. He started a bachelor's degree in commerce at Gujarat University, but dropped out after the second year.[3]

text: Career[edit]

text: After working as a diamond sorter at Mahindra Brothers for two years, Adani set up his own diamond brokerage business in Mumbai, India.[4] Mahasukh Adani, his elder brother, called him back to Ahmedabad to run his newly purchased plastic factory.[4] He soon started commodity trading by importing polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a key raw material for manufacturing plastic.[4]

text: Adani Group[edit]

text: In 1988, he started Adani Enterprises Limited (formerly known as the Adani Export Ltd), the flagship company of the Adani Group, that traded in a variety of power and agricultural commodities. The 1991 economic liberalization policies fuelled the rapid growth of the business leading to huge profitability of Adani Exports. This provided further capital to Adani to expand his business. In 2006, Adani Exports was renamed to Adani Enterprises Limited.[5] In 1993, the Government of Gujarat invited private companies to run the Mundra Port and in 1995 the contract was given to Adani Group. Today, Mundra Port is the largest Private Sector port in India, with capability of handling close to 210 million tonnes of cargo per annum. [5]

text: Adani is also the founder and promoter of Adani Power Ltd (APL), a power business arm of Adani Group. Adani Power has thermal power plants with capacity of 4620 MW, the largest private thermal power producer of the country. It is also the largest solar power producer of India with capacity 648 MW.[6]

text: Kamuthi[edit]

text: In September 2016, Adani Green Energy (Tamil Nadu), the renewable wing of the Adani Group, kicked off operations in Kamuthi in Ramnathapuram in Tamil Nadu with a capacity of 648 megawatts (MW) at an estimated cost of Rs. 4,550 crore. [7]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: During the time of 2014 Loksabha elections of India, Adani was accused of various controversies. He was being accused of supporting Narendra Modi for his campaign in Bharatiya Janata Party. [8] Even though claiming on national media that he has no special favors with Modi, ,[9] Modi was seen traveling on Adani group's chartered planes to rallies across India.[10][11] To counter this allegation, Mr Adani spoke out in an interview with CNBC and clarified that the BJP paid market price to Adani Group for using its aviation services.[12]

text: It was alleged that the NDA government was favouring Adani by allegedly waiving off Rs. 200 crore fine on Adani Port and SEZ.[13] Adani, later, in an interview clarified the fine has not been dropped and the government is not favouring Adani either.[14] He further clarified that the mine is owned by Rajasthan Government and Adani Group is just the mine contractor.[14]

text: Adani Foundation[edit]

text: The Adani Foundation was founded in 1996, and is registered under the Bombay Public Charity Trusts Act of 1950 and Society’s Registration Act 1860.[15] Other than Gujarat, the Foundation operates in the states of Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Odisha.[15]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: He is married to Priti Adani, who is a dentist and heads the Adani Foundation as a managing trustee.[16] They have two sons. [17]


document_title: Ratliff

question_text: where did the last name ratliff come from

root

text: Ratliff

text: Ratliff is a surname of British origin, which is a habitational name for a person from any of the places in Britain called Ratcliffe, Radcliffe, or Redcliff, which in turn are variants on the phrase "red cliff".[1] The surname may also be spelled Ratcliff, Radcliff, Ratcliffe, or Radcliffe.[1] Ratliff may refer to:

tag: p

text:
Alfonso Ratliff (born 1956), American boxer
Bennett Ratliff (born 1961), American politician
Bill Ratliff (born 1936), American politician
Bo Ratliff (born 1933), American singer
Ellington Ratliff (born 1993), American musician
Evan Ratliff (born 1976), American journalist
Jeremiah Ratliff (born 1981), American football player
Keiwan Ratliff (born 1981), American football player
Lonnie Ratliff (born 1948), American record producer
Martha Ratliff (born 1946), American linguist
Mishon Ratliff (born 1993), American actor
Theo Ratliff (born 1973), American basketball player
Walter Ratliff (born 1971), American journalist
Wayne Ratliff (born 1946), American computer scientist
William Ratliff (1937–2014), American political scientist

tag: ul


document_title: List of endangered animals in India

question_text: list three animals that are on the endangered list in india

text: List of endangered animals in India

text: Critically endangered in India[edit]

text: Arthropoda

text:
Rameshwaram parachute spider (Poecilotheria hanumavilasumica)
Peacock tarantula (Poecilotheria metallica)

text: Birds

text:
White-bellied heron (Ardea insignis)
Great Indian bustard (Ardeotis nigriceps)
Forest owlet (Athene blewitti)
Baer's pochard (Aythya baeri)
Spoon-billed sandpiper (Calidris pygmaea)
Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus)
White-rumped vulture (Gyps bengalensis)
Indian vulture (Gyps indicus)
Slender-billed vulture (Gyps tenuirostris)
Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis)
Bugun liocichla  (Liocichla bugunorum)
Himalayan quail (Ophrysia superciliosa)
Jerdon's courser (Rhinoptilus bitorquatus)
Pink-headed duck (Rhodonessa caryophyllacea)
Red-headed vulture (Sarcogyps calvus)
Sociable lapwing (Vanellus gregarius)

text: Fish

text:
Wayanad mahseer (Barbodes wynaadensis)
Pondicherry shark (Carcharhinus hemiodon)
Ganges shark (Glyphis gangeticus)
Glyptothorax kashmirensis (Glyptothorax kashmirensis)
Kudremukh glyptothorax (Glyptothorax kudremukhensis)
Nilgiri Mystus (Hemibagrus punctatus)
Horalabiosa arunachalami (Horalabiosa arunachalami)
Hypselobarbus pulchellus (Hypselobarbus pulchellus)
Red Canarese barb (Hypselobarbus thomassi)
Deccan labeo (Labeo potail)
Mesonoemacheilus herrei (Mesonoemacheilus herrei)
Bovany barb (Neolissochilus bovanicus)
Deolali minnow (Parapsilorhynchus prateri)
Pookode Lake barb (Pethia pookodensis)
Common sawfish (Pristis pristis)
Largetooth sawfish (Pristis microdon)
Longcomb sawfish (Pristis zijsron)
Psilorhynchus tenura (Psilorhynchus tenura)
Deccan barb (Puntius deccanensis)
Schistura papulifera (Schistura papulifera)

text: Insects

text:
Pygmy Hog Sucking Louse (Haematopinus oliveri)
Data deficient (“Data inadequate to determine a threat category”)

text: Reptiles and amphibians

text:
Madras spotted skink (Barkudia insularis)
Northern river terrapin (Batagur baska)
Red-crowned roofed turtle (Batagur kachuga)
Cnemaspis anaikattiensis(Cnemaspis anaikattiensis)
Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
Ghats wart frog (Fejervarya murthii)
Jeypore ground gecko (Geckoella jeyporensis)
Gundia Indian frog (Indirana gundia)
Toad-skinned frog (Indirana phrynoderma)
Charles Darwin's frog (Ingerana charlesdarwini)
Rao's torrent frog (Micrixalus kottigeharensis)
Dattatreya night frog (Nyctibatrachus dattatreyaensis)
Sacred grove bushfrog (Philautus sanctisilvaticus)
Amboli bush frog (Pseudophilautus amboli)
White-spotted bush frog (Raorchestes chalazodes)
Green eyed bushfrog (Raorchestes chlorosomma)
Griet bush frog (Raorchestes griet)
Kaikatti bushfrog (Raorchestes kaikatti)
Mark's bushfrog (Raorchestes marki)
Munnar bush frog (Raorchestes munnarensis)
Ponmudi bush frog (Raorchestes ponmudi)
Resplendent shrubfrog (Raorchestes resplendens)
Shillong bubble-nest frog (Raorchestes shillongensis)
Anaimalai flying frog (Rhacophorus pseudomalabaricus)
Sushil's bushfrog (Raorchestes sushili)
Amboli toad (Xanthophryne tigerina)
Ghats wart frog (Zakerana murthii)

text: Mammals

text:
{asiatic cheetah} (Acinonyx jubatus venaticus) [a]
Namdapha flying squirrel (Biswamoyopterus biswasi)
Himalayan wolf ("Canis himalayensis")
Elvira rat (Cremnomys elvira)
Andaman shrew (Crocidura andamanensis)
Jenkins' shrew (Crocidura jenkinsi)
Nicobar shrew (Crocidura nicobarica)
Northern Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis) [a]
Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla)
Kondana soft-furred rat (Millardia kondana)
Pygmy hog (Porcula salvania)
Indian Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis) [a]
Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina)

text: Endangered in  india[edit]

text: Fish

text:
Knifetooth sawfish (Anoxypristis cuspidata)
Asian arowana (Scleropages formosus)
Red line torpedo barb (Sahyadria denisonii)
Golden Mahaseer (Tor putitora)

text: Birds

text:
Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis)
Great Knot (Calidris tenuirostris)
Masked Finfoot (Heliopais personatus)
Greater Adjutant (Leptoptilos dubius)
White-bellied Blue Robin (Myiomela albiventris)
Nilgiri Blue Robin (Myiomela major)
White-headed Duck (Oxyura leucocephala)
Green Peafowl (Pavo muticus)
Narcondam hornbill (Rhyticero)
Spotted Greenshank (Tringa guttifer)
Banasura Laughingthrush (Trochalopteron jerdoni)

text: Reptiles

text:
Perrotet's Vine Snake (Ahaetulla perroteti)
Three-striped Roofed Turtle (Batagur dhongoka)
Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas)
Indian Narrow-headed Softshell Turtle (Chitra indica)
Goan Day Gecko (Cnemaspis goaensis)
Wyanad Day Gecko (Cnemaspis wynadensis)
Keeled Box Turtle (Cuora mouhotii)
Boulenger's Dasia (Dasia subcaerulea)
Poona Skink (Eurylepis poonaensis)
Inger's Mabuya (Eutropis clivicola)
Yellow-headed Tortoise (Indotestudo elongata)
Asian forest tortoise (Manouria emys)
Indian Kangaroo Lizard (Otocryptis beddomii)
Assam Roofed Turtle (Pangshura sylhetensis)
Asian Giant Softshell Turtle (Pelochelys cantorii)
Travancore Hills Thorntail Snake (Platyplectrurus madurensis)
Travancore Earth Snake (Rhinophis travancoricus)
Cochin Forest Cane Turtle (Vijayachelys silvatica)

text: Mammals

text:
Red panda (Ailurus fulgens)
Sei whale (Balaenoptera borealis)
Blue whale  (Balaenoptera musculus)
Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus)
Banteng (Bos javanicus)
Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee)
Hispid hare (Caprolagus hispidus)
Dhole (Cuon alpinus)
Indian elephant (Elephas maximus indicus)
Woolly flying squirrel (Eupetaurus cinereus)
Kolar leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros hypophyllus)
Lion-tailed macaque (Macaca silenus)
White-bellied musk deer (Moschus leucogaster)
Servant mouse  (Mus famulus)
Mandelli's mouse-eared bat (Myotis sicarius)
Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius)
Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica)
Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica gangetica)
Gee's golden langur (Trachypithecus geei)
Nicobar treeshrew (Tupaia nicobarica)

text: Vulnerable[edit]

text: Listed by the IUCN As of  2012[update]:[5]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2016)

tag: table

text: Mammals

text:
Gaur (Bos gaurus)
Yak (Bos grunhniens)
Takin (Budorcas taxicolor)
[[abcdefghijklmnopatstuvwxyZ

text: ]] (Rucervus duvaucelii)

text:
Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)
Dugong (Dugong dugon)
Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus)
Stump-tailed macaque (Macaca arctoides)
Marbled cat (Pardofelis marmorata)
Sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)
Rusty-spotted cat (Prionailurus rubiginosus)
Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)
Snow leopard (Uncia uncia)
Nilgiri Marten (Martes gwatkinsii)
Lion-Tailed macaque (Macaca silenus)

text: Birds

text:
Sarus crane (Antigone antigone)
Nicobar megapode (Megapodius nicobariensis)
Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus)

text: Reptiles and amphibians

text: Olive ridley sea turtle

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^ Jump up to: a b c Extinct from India

tag: ol


document_title: Naming of chemical elements

question_text: where do the names of the elements come from

text: Naming of chemical elements

text: Known elements[edit]

text:
[hide]

v
t
e

Periodic table

Group
1
2
3

4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Alkali metals
Alkaline earth metals

Pnictogens
Chalcogens
Halogens
Noble gases

Period
1

Hydrogen1H

Helium2He

2
Lithium3Li
Beryllium4Be

Boron5B
Carbon6C
Nitrogen7N
Oxygen8O
Fluorine9F
Neon10Ne

3
Sodium11Na
Magnesium12Mg

Aluminium13Al
Silicon14Si
Phosphorus15P
Sulfur16S
Chlorine17Cl
Argon18Ar

4
Potassium19K
Calcium20Ca
Scandium21Sc

Titanium22Ti
Vanadium23V
Chromium24Cr
Manganese25Mn
Iron26Fe
Cobalt27Co
Nickel28Ni
Copper29Cu
Zinc30Zn
Gallium31Ga
Germanium32Ge
Arsenic33As
Selenium34Se
Bromine35Br
Krypton36Kr

5
Rubidium37Rb
Strontium38Sr
Yttrium39Y

Zirconium40Zr
Niobium41Nb
Molybdenum42Mo
Technetium43Tc
Ruthenium44Ru
Rhodium45Rh
Palladium46Pd
Silver47Ag
Cadmium48Cd
Indium49In
Tin50Sn
Antimony51Sb
Tellurium52Te
Iodine53I
Xenon54Xe

6
Caesium55Cs
Barium56Ba
Lanthanum57La

Hafnium72Hf
Tantalum73Ta
Tungsten74W
Rhenium75Re
Osmium76Os
Iridium77Ir
Platinum78Pt
Gold79Au
Mercury80Hg
Thallium81Tl
Lead82Pb
Bismuth83Bi
Polonium84Po
Astatine85At
Radon86Rn

7
Francium87Fr
Radium88Ra
Actinium89Ac

Rutherfordium104Rf
Dubnium105Db
Seaborgium106Sg
Bohrium107Bh
Hassium108Hs
Meitnerium109Mt
Darmstadtium110Ds
Roentgenium111Rg
Copernicium112Cn
Nihonium113Nh
Flerovium114Fl
Moscovium115Mc
Livermorium116Lv
Tennessine117Ts
Oganesson118Og

Cerium58Ce
Praseodymium59Pr
Neodymium60Nd
Promethium61Pm
Samarium62Sm
Europium63Eu
Gadolinium64Gd
Terbium65Tb
Dysprosium66Dy
Holmium67Ho
Erbium68Er
Thulium69Tm
Ytterbium70Yb
Lutetium71Lu

Thorium90Th
Protactinium91Pa
Uranium92U
Neptunium93Np
Plutonium94Pu
Americium95Am
Curium96Cm
Berkelium97Bk
Californium98Cf
Einsteinium99Es
Fermium100Fm
Mendelevium101Md
Nobelium102No
Lawrencium103Lr

black=solid
green=liquid
red=gas
gray=unknown
Color of the atomic number shows state of matter (at 0 °C and 1 atm)

Primordial

From decay

Synthetic
Border shows natural occurrence of the element

Background color shows subcategory in the metal–metalloid–nonmetal trend:

Metal
Metalloid
Nonmetal
Unknown
chemical
properties

Alkali metal
Alkaline earth metal
Lanthanide
Actinide
Transition metal
Post-transition metal
Polyatomic nonmetal
Diatomic nonmetal
Noble gas

text: As shown by the table above, as of March 2014, there are 118 known elements.[1]

text: Etymology[edit]

text: Element names can refer to:

text:
a mythological concept or character (including an astronomical object),
a mineral or similar substance,
a place, or geographical region,
a property of the element, or
a scientist.

text: People[edit]

text: Chemical elements are sometimes named after people, especially the synthetic elements discovered (created) after ca. 1940. However, very few are named after their discoverers, and even fewer are named after living people. The element seaborgium is named after Glenn Seaborg, who was alive at the time[2]; and oganesson is named after Yuri Oganessian (still living as of May 2017[update]).

text: Many of the transuranic elements are named after recipients of the Nobel Prize, including:

text:
bohrium (Niels Bohr),
curium (Marie and Pierre Curie),
einsteinium (Albert Einstein),
fermium (Enrico Fermi),
lawrencium (Ernest Lawrence),
roentgenium (Wilhelm Röntgen),
rutherfordium (Ernest Rutherford),
and seaborgium (Glenn T. Seaborg).

text: Elements in the same group named in honour of scientists who did not received the prize include:[3][4]

text:
copernicium (Nicolaus Copernicus),
flerovium (Georgy Flyorov),
meitnerium (Lise Meitner),
mendelevium (Dmitri Mendeleev),
and nobelium (Alfred Nobel).

text: The non-transuranic element samarium is named after Vasili Samarsky-Bykhovets,[5] and gadolinium is indirectly named (via the mineral gadolinite), after Johan Gadolin.[6][7]

text: Lecoq de Boisbaudran, who named the element gallium after his native land of France (from Latin Gallia meaning Gaul) denied that the element's naming was for a pun on his own name ("le coq" means "the rooster" in French, as does "gallus" in Latin).[8][9]

text: Places on earth[edit]

text: Some chemical elements are named after places on the planet earth.

text: Five are named after currently existing countries – polonium (named after Poland[10]), francium and gallium (named after France[11]), nihonium (named after Japan) and germanium (named after Germany).[12] Only gallium and germanium are stable and occur in more than trace amounts on Earth. Americium is named after the Americas, in analogy with europium being named after Europe.[13]

text: Other elements are named after modern states or cities, including berkelium, californium and tennessine named respectively after the American of Berkeley and the states of California and Tennessee where they were discovered;[14] and dubnium and moscovium, similarly named after Russia's Dubna[15] and Moscow.

text: Several places in Scandinavia have elements named after them:

text:
Yttrium, terbium, erbium, and ytterbium are all named for the Swedish village of Ytterby, where their ores were first found.[16]
Holmium is named after Holmia, Latin for the Swedish capital Stockholm.[17][16]
Scandium comes from the Latin word for Scandinavia.
Thulium is from the Ancient Greek word for the remote Arctic land that the Romans called Ultima Thule.[16][18]

text: A number of other elements are named after classical words for various places.

text:
Ruthenium is from the Latin name for the region including Belarus, Ukraine, and Russia.[19]
Lutetium is named after Lutetia, the Latin name for Paris.
Hafnium is named for Hafnia, the Latin name for Copenhagen.[20][21]
Copper's name comes from an Old English word derived from the Latin name for the island of Cyprus.[22]

text: The names of both magnesium and manganese derive from the Greek region of Magnesia.[23]

text: Astronomical objects[edit]

text: The naming of elements from astronomical objects stems from the ancient association of metals with the various planets and their gods, as follows: mercury with the fast-moving planet Mercury; copper with the brilliant, beautiful planet Venus; iron with Mars (named for the Roman god of war); tin with Jupiter (named for the Roman king of the gods); and lead with the slow-moving planet Saturn (named for the ancient, slow god who was the father of Jupiter). The Sun and the Moon were associated with gold and silver, respectively.

text: A few other elements are directly named for astronomical bodies, including planets, dwarf planets, a few asteroids, our star, our planet, and our Moon. Uranium, neptunium, plutonium, cerium, and palladium were named after Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, Ceres, and Pallas respectively, which were at the time of their naming all considered to be planets. (Today, Pluto and Ceres are considered to be dwarf planets, and Pallas is considered to be an asteroid.)[24][25][26][27][28]

text: The name of the element selenium came from the Greek word for the Moon (Σελήνη, Selene). The name helium comes from the Greek word for the Sun (Ἢλιος, Helios). This is because the first evidence for helium was in distinctive, heretofore unknown spectroscopic lines from the Sun; these could not be explained by any of the known elements in the 1870s.[29]

text: Minerals[edit]

text: Many elements are named after the minerals in which they are found, e.g. calcium after Latin calx (lime), silicon is named after Latin silex (sand), sodium after soda and potassium after potash.[citation needed]

text: Temporary names[edit]

text: In 1979, IUPAC published recommendations for their systematic element names to be used for yet unnamed or undiscovered elements[30] as a placeholder, until the discovery of the element is confirmed and a permanent name is decided on. The recommendations are mostly ignored among scientists, who simply call these elements by their atomic number, for example "element 119" (instead of "ununennium"), with the symbol of (119) or even simply 119.[31]

text: Since 2002, the IUPAC Inorganic Chemistry Division has been the official body responsible with assigning official names to new elements, with the IUPAC Council making the final decision.[32]

text: Chemical symbol[edit]

text: Once an element has been named, a one-, or two-letter symbol must be ascribed to it so it can be easily referred to in such contexts as the periodic table. The first letter is always capitalised. While the symbol is often a contraction of the element's name, sometimes the symbol and name do not match up as the symbol is based on non-English words, such as "Pb" for lead (plumbum in Latin) or "W" for tungsten (Wolfram in German).

text: Naming controversies[edit]

text: The naming of the synthetic elements dubnium and seaborgium generated a significant amount of controversy, referred to as the Transfermium Wars. The Americans wished to name element 105 hahnium, while the Russians preferred the name dubnium. The Americans also wished to name element 106 seaborgium. This naming dispute ran from the 1970s (when the elements were discovered) to the 1990s, when the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) created a tentative list of the element names for elements 104 to 109. The Americans, however, refused to agree with these names because seaborgium was not in the list. Thus, IUPAC reconsidered, and in 1996 named element 105 dubnium and element 106 seaborgium.[33]

text: Alternative forms of an element, names indicating molecular structure, and names of compounds[edit]

text: When a pure element, comprising only one type of atom, nevertheless exists in multiple forms (allotropes) with different structure and properties, they are generally given different names; for example graphite and diamond are both forms of the element carbon. Even for elements such as nitrogen having only one stable allotrope, a name such as dinitrogen may be used to indicate its molecular structure N2 as well as its elemental composition. The naming of chemical compounds comprising more than one element is a complex subject, discussed at length in the article on chemical nomenclature.


document_title: President of the Senate of Nigeria

question_text: what is the name of the senate president in nigeria

text: President of the Senate of Nigeria

text: The President of the Senate is the presiding officer of the Senate of Nigeria, elected by its membership. The Senate President is second in line for succession to the Nigerian presidency, after the Vice President of Nigeria. The current President of the Senate is Bukola Saraki.

text: List of Senate Presidents[edit]

text:
Senate Presidents of Nigeria

Senate President
Term
Party

Nnamdi Azikiwe
1960
NCNC

Dennis Osadebay
1960-1963
NCNC

Nwafor Orizu
1963–1966
NCNC

Joseph Wayas
1979–1983
NPN

Iyorchia Ayu
1992–1993
SDP

Ameh Ebute
1993
SDP

Evan Enwerem
1999
PDP

Chuba Okadigbo
1999–2000
PDP

Anyim Pius Anyim
2000–2003
PDP

Adolphus Wabara
2003–2005
PDP

Ken Nnamani
2005–2007
PDP

David Mark
2007-2015
PDP

Bukola Saraki
2015 - present
APC

text: Trivia[edit]

text:
Nwafor Orizu was the only Senate President of Nigeria ever to ascend to the Nigerian presidency through the constitutional order of succession. He was later forced to handover power to Aguiyi-Ironsi military junta.
David Mark became the first person to retain the Presidency of the Senate and serve a second term in 2011. He and his deputy were re-nominated without contest.
David Mark was the longest serving senate president (2007-2015) and his deputy, Ike Ekweremadu is still the longest serving deputy senate president (2007-present).

text: See also Deputy President of the Nigerian Senate


document_title: Play Misty for Me

question_text: who played in the movie play misty for me

text: Play Misty for Me

text: Plot[edit]

text: Dave Garver (Clint Eastwood) is a KRML radio disc jockey who broadcasts nightly from a studio in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, often incorporating poetry into his program. He lives a rather freewheeling bachelor lifestyle. At his favorite bar, seemingly by chance, he encounters a woman named Evelyn Draper (Jessica Walter). Dave drives her home, where she reveals that their meeting was not accidental; she sought him out after hearing the bar mentioned on his radio show. He guesses correctly that she is the recurring caller who always requests the jazz standard "Misty". The two have sex.

text: A casual relationship begins between Dave and Evelyn. But before long, Evelyn begins to display symptoms of borderline personality disorder.[3] She shows up at Dave's house uninvited. She also follows Dave from his home to workplace at all hours of the day and night. Evelyn phones Dave all the time to demand that he keep her company and not leave her alone for a single minute. The final straw comes when Evelyn disrupts a business meeting, mistaking Dave's lunch companion (Irene Hervey)—a representative who has come to offer him a career opportunity—for his date.

text: Despite his efforts to gradually and gently sever ties with Evelyn, her unbalanced feelings lead her to attempt suicide in his home by slashing her wrists. After Dave rejects her again, Evelyn breaks into his home where his housekeeper, Birdie (Clarice Taylor), finds her maniacally vandalizing his possessions. Evelyn stabs her with a knife and is subsequently committed to a psychiatric hospital.

text: During Evelyn's incarceration, Dave rekindles a relationship with his ex-girlfriend, Tobie Williams (Donna Mills). A few months later, Evelyn again calls the studio to request "Misty". She tells Dave that she has been released from the mental hospital due to good behavior and is moving to Hawaii for a new job and to give herself a fresh start in life and she was only calling him one last time to give herself closure. She then quotes an Edgar Allan Poe poem, "Annabel Lee". That night, while Dave is asleep, she sneaks into his house and tries to kill him with a butcher knife. He fights her, she flees, at first he thinks this is just a dream until he notices knife marks on his pillow case and Dave subsequently contacts the police.

text: Dave tells Tobie about Evelyn and cautions her to stay away from him until the woman is caught. For her safety, she goes home. There, she meets with a girl who answered her ad for a roommate: Evelyn, using the alias Annabel. Tobie eventually realizes that Annabel is Evelyn when she sees the fresh scars on Evelyn's wrists, but before Tobie can escape, Evelyn takes her hostage. Evelyn also murders McCallum (John Larch), a police detective who had come to check on Tobie.

text: At the radio station, Dave makes the connection between Tobie's roommate and the quote from "Annabel Lee". When he calls Tobie to warn her, Evelyn answers and says Tobie and she are waiting for him. Dave switches from a live show to taped music and rushes to the house, where he finds Tobie bound and gagged. Evelyn attacks again with the butcher knife, slashing Dave multiple times. He punches Evelyn, knocking her through the window and over a railing and she falls down the cliff onto the rocky ocean shore below. Dave and Tobie look down at Evelyn's dead body as Dave's voice on the taped radio show dedicates "Misty" to Evelyn one final time.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Clint Eastwood as Dave Garver
Jessica Walter as Evelyn Draper
Donna Mills as Tobie Williams
John Larch as Sgt. McCallum
Jack Ging as Frank
Irene Hervey as Madge
James McEachin as Al Monte
Clarice Taylor as Birdie
Don Siegel as Murphy (as Donald Siegel)

text: Production[edit]

text: Before Malpaso Productions co-founder Irving Leonard died, he and Eastwood discussed a final film, one giving Eastwood the artistic control he desired by making his directorial debut. The film was Play Misty for Me. Eastwood reflected on his new role:[4]

text: The script was originally conceived by Jo Heims, a former model and dancer turned secretary, and was polished by Dean Riesner.[5]:192 The idea of another love interest, with a level-headed girlfriend Tobie added to the plot, was a suggestion by Sonia Chernus, an editor who had been with Eastwood when he was initially spotted for Rawhide.[5]:193 The film was also notable in that Eastwood's character was in heavy contrast to the traditional "action man" roles in Westerns and war films for which he was known until that point; in later interviews, he stated that the film was a deliberate attempt to get away from typecasting.

text: The film paved the way for many later (such as Fatal Attraction), particularly those with a psychotic female antagonist, and also those where the villain made an unexpected return. The TV series Starsky and Hutch copied almost all of the plot for their season-three story "Fatal Charm".

text: The story line was originally set in Los Angeles, but at Eastwood's insistence, the film was shot in the more comfortable surroundings of the actual Carmel-by-the-Sea, where he could shoot scenes at the local radio station, bars and restaurants, and friends' houses.[5]:193 Eastwood has also long made Carmel his home, and was elected mayor there in 1986.

text: Filming commenced in Monterey, California, in September 1970, and although this was Eastwood's debut as film director, Don Siegel stood by to help and also had an acting role in the film as a bartender. Frequent collaborators of Siegel's, such as cinematographer Bruce Surtees, editor Carl Pingitore, and composer Dee Barton, made up part of the filming team.[5]

text: Additional scenes were shot at the Monterey Jazz Festival in September 1970, featuring jazz greats Johnny Otis, Cannonball Adderley, and future Weather Report founder Joe Zawinul. (The commentator mentions: "That was the Cannonball Adderley group. They are playing at the Monterey Jazz Festival with Duke Ellington, Woody Herman, Joe Williams, and many others. Now we are gonna hear from 'The Gator Creek Organization' and 'Feeling Fine'...".)[citation needed]

text: The Sardine Factory is a real restaurant, still at the same location as in the film, at Prescott and Wave Streets,[6] just one block up from Cannery Row in Monterey. The radio station, KRML, was an actual jazz station in Carmel, whose studios were relocated to the Eastwood Building at San Carlos and 5th, in the same building as the Hog's Breath Inn (a restaurant that Eastwood owned). After a brief dark period in 2010, the radio station returned to the air in 2011.

text: The rights to the song "Misty" were obtained after Eastwood saw Erroll Garner perform at the Concord Music Festival in 1970. Eastwood also paid $2,000 for the use of the song "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" by Roberta Flack.[5] Meticulous planning and efficient directorship by Eastwood (which would become one of his trademarks) enabled the film to be made nearly $50,000 short of its $1 million budget, and it was completed four or five days ahead of schedule.[5]

text: The film features a romantic montage (views of Garver and Tobie peacefully roaming by the seaside and through the woods), backed by Flack's recording, an Ewan MacColl torch song. Flack's version (after staying at number one for six weeks during the spring) became the 1972 Billboard Hot 100 top single of the year. The film's title can be seen on a cinema marquee in the beginning sequence of Siegel's later film starring Eastwood, Dirty Harry.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Play Misty for Me premiered in October 1971 at the San Francisco Film Festival and was widely released in November.[5]:195 It was a financial success, grossing $10.6 million at the box office against a budget of $950,000.[1] It earned $5,413,000 in domestic rentals.[7][8]

text: The film has been given mostly positive reviews, with an 83% "fresh" rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[9] In his 1971 review of the film, Roger Ebert[10] wrote, "Play Misty for Me is not the artistic equal of Psycho, but in the business of collecting an audience into the palm of its hand and then squeezing hard, it is supreme." Critics such as Jay Cocks in Time, Andrew Sarris in the Village Voice, and Archer Winsten in the New York Post all praised Eastwood's directorial skills and the film, including his performance in the scenes with Walter.[5]:195

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Jessica Walter was nominated for the 1972 Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Drama, but lost to Jane Fonda for Klute.

text: Play Misty for Me was number 26 on Bravo!'s "30 Even Scarier Movie Moments."[citation needed]


document_title: You Only Live Twice (film)

question_text: who was the bond girl in you only live twice

text: You Only Live Twice (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: An American NASA spacecraft is hijacked from orbit by an unidentified spacecraft. The United States suspect it to be the work of the Soviets, but the British suspect Japanese involvement since the spacecraft landed in the Sea of Japan. To investigate, MI6 operative James Bond is sent to Tokyo after faking his own death in Hong Kong and being buried at sea from the HMS Tenby (F65).

text: Upon his arrival, Bond is contacted by Aki, assistant to the head of the Japanese secret service, Tiger Tanaka, while watching sumo. Aki introduces Bond to local MI6 operative Dikko Henderson. Henderson claims to have critical evidence about the rogue craft, but is killed before he can elaborate. Bond chases and kills the assailant, taking the assailant's clothing as a disguise and escapes in the getaway car, which goes to Osato Chemicals. Once there, Bond subdues the driver and breaks into the office safe of president Mr. Osato. After obtaining certain documents, Bond is pursued by armed security, but is rescued by Aki, who flees to a secluded subway station. Bond chases her, but falls down a trap door leading to Tanaka's office. The stolen documents are examined and found to include a photograph of the cargo ship Ning-Po with a microdot message saying the tourist who took the photo was killed as a security precaution.

text: Bond goes to Osato Chemicals to meet Mr. Osato himself, masquerading as a potential new buyer. Osato humours Bond, but after their meeting he orders his secretary, Helga Brandt, to have him killed. Outside the building, assassins open fire on Bond before Aki rescues him again. Bond and Aki drive to Kobe, where the Ning-Po is docked. They investigate the company's dock facilities and discover that the ship was delivering elements for rocket fuel. They are discovered, but Bond eludes the henchmen until Aki gets away; however, Bond is captured and knocked out. He wakes, tied up in SPECTRE operative Helga Brandt's cabin on the Ning-Po. In a sexy cocktail dress, she interrogates Bond, but he thinks of managing to bribe his way to freedom when she suddenly chooses to enjoy herself by kissing and freeing him in order to have sex. Brandt then flies Bond to Tokyo, but en route she sets off a flare in the plane and bails out, finally persuaded to kill him. Bond manages to land the plane.

text: After finding out where the Ning-Po unloaded, Bond flies over the area in a heavily armed autogyro created by Q. Near a volcano, Bond is attacked by helicopters, which he defeats, confirming his suspicions that the enemy's base is nearby. A Soviet spacecraft is then captured in orbit by another unidentified craft, heightening tensions between Russia and the United States. The mysterious spaceship lands in an extensive base hidden inside the volcano. It soon turns out that the true mastermind behind this is SPECTRE, whose mysterious leader is revealed to be Ernst Stavro Blofeld, who has been hired by the People's Republic of China to start a Soviet-American war. Blofeld summons Osato for not having killed Bond, who immediately blames his assistant, Helga Brandt. Blofeld then gives Osato a last chance, but as Brandt leaves, he activates a mechanism that drops her into a pool filled of piranhas. Brandt is forced to pay for her failure with her life by being devoured alive, and Blofeld instructs Osato to kill Bond.

text: Bond is then informed of Tanaka's plan: he is to train with Tanaka's ninjas, disguise himself as a Japanese fisherman alongside a Japanese wife, and infiltrate SPECTRE's island. Aki assists in constructing Bond's Oriental disguise until she is suddenly killed by a SPECTRE assassin by inadvertently ingesting poison meant for Bond. Undeterred, Bond enters into a fake marriage to Tanaka's student, Kissy Suzuki. Acting on a lead from Suzuki, the pair reconnoitre a cave and the volcano above it. Establishing that the mouth of the volcano is a disguised hatch to the secret rocket base, Bond slips in, while Kissy goes to alert Tanaka. Bond locates and frees the captured astronauts and, with their help, steals a space suit in attempt to infiltrate the SPECTRE spacecraft "Bird One." However, Blofeld spots Bond, and he is detained while Bird One is launched; Bond is taken into the control room where he meets Blofeld face-to-face for the first time.

text: Bird One closes in on the American space capsule, and United States forces prepare to launch a nuclear attack on the USSR. Meanwhile, the Japanese ninjas approach the base's entrance, but are detected and fired upon. Bond manages to open the hatch, letting in the ninjas. During the ensuing battle, Bond fights his way to the control room, kills Blofeld's bodyguard Hans, and activates Bird One's self-destruct before it reaches the American craft. The Americans stand down their forces.

text: Blofeld, who had earlier killed Osato to demonstrate the price of failure to Bond, activates the base's self-destruct system and escapes. Bond, Kissy, Tanaka, and the surviving ninjas leave before the base explodes, and are picked up by the Japanese Maritime Forces and the British Secret Service.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sean Connery as James Bond, an MI6 agent.
Akiko Wakabayashi as Aki, an agent with the Japanese SIS who assists Bond.
Mie Hama as Kissy Suzuki, an Ama diving girl who replaces Aki after her death.
Tetsurō Tamba as Tiger Tanaka, head of Japanese secret service.
Teru Shimada as Mr. Osato, a Japanese industrialist secretly affiliated to SPECTRE.
Karin Dor as Helga Brandt/No. 11, Osato's secretary and a SPECTRE assassin.
Donald Pleasence as Ernst Stavro Blofeld, the megalomaniacal head of the terrorist syndicate known as SPECTRE. He intends to ignite a global nuclear war.
Bernard Lee as M, the head of MI6.
Lois Maxwell as Miss Moneypenny, M's secretary.
Desmond Llewelyn as Q, head of MI6 technical department.
Charles Gray as Dikko Henderson, British contact living in Japan.
Tsai Chin as Chinese Girl (Hong Kong), Ling, undercover MI6 agent.[3]
Peter Maivia as Car Driver, one of Osato's henchmen, who fights Bond in Osato's office.
Burt Kwouk as Spectre 3, one of Blofeld's henchmen.
Michael Chow as Spectre 4, one of Blofeld's henchmen.
Ronald Rich as Blofeld's bodyguard, Hans.
Jeanne Roland as Bond's Masseuse.
David Toguri as Assassin (Bedroom), one of Osato's henchmen, who kills Aki.
John Stone as Submarine Captain.
Norman Jones as Astronaut – 1st American Spacecraft.
Paul Carson as Astronaut – 1st American Spacecraft.
Laurence Herder as Cosmonaut – Soviet Spacecraft.
Richard Graydon as Cosmonaut – Soviet Spacecraft.
Bill Mitchell as Astronaut – 2nd American Spacecraft.
George Roubicek as Astronaut – 2nd American Spacecraft.

text: Production[edit]

text: On Her Majesty's Secret Service was the intended next film, but the producers decided to adapt You Only Live Twice instead because OHMSS would require searching for high and snowy locations.[5] Lewis Gilbert originally declined the offer to direct, but accepted after producer Albert R. Broccoli called him saying: "You can't give up this job. It's the largest audience in the world." Peter R. Hunt, who edited the first five Bond films, believed that Gilbert had been contracted by the producers for other work but they found they had to use him.[6]

text: Gilbert, producers Broccoli and Harry Saltzman, production designer Ken Adam and director of photography Freddie Young then went to Japan, spending three weeks searching for locations. SPECTRE's shore fortress headquarters was changed to an extinct volcano after the team learned that the Japanese do not build castles by the sea. The group was due to return to the UK on a BOAC Boeing 707 flight (BOAC Flight 911) on 5 March 1966, but cancelled after being told they had a chance to watch a ninja demonstration.[5] That flight crashed 25 minutes after takeoff, killing all on board.[7] In Tokyo, the crew also found Hunt, who decided to go on holiday after having his request to direct declined. Hunt was invited to direct the second unit for You Only Live Twice and accepted the job.[8]

text: Unlike most James Bond films featuring various locations around the world, almost the entire film is set in one country and several minutes are devoted to an elaborate Japanese wedding. This is in keeping with Fleming's original novel, which also devoted a number of pages to the discussion of Japanese culture. Toho Studios provided soundstages, personnel, and the female Japanese stars to the producers.[9]

text: Writing[edit]

text: The producers had Harold Jack Bloom come to Japan with them to write a screenplay. Bloom's work was ultimately rejected, but since several of his ideas were used in the final script, Bloom was given the credit of "Additional Story Material".[10] Among the elements were the opening with Bond's fake death and burial at sea, and the ninja attack.[11] As the screenwriter of the previous Bond films Richard Maibaum was unavailable, Roald Dahl, a close friend of Ian Fleming, was chosen to write the adaptation despite having no prior experience writing a screenplay except for the uncompleted The Bells of Hell Go Ting-a-ling-a-ling.[5]

text: Dahl said that the original novel was "Ian Fleming's worst book, with no plot in it which would even make a movie",[11] and compared it to a travelogue,[12] stating that he had to create a new plot "[though] I could retain only four or five of the original story's ideas."[13] On creating the plot, Dahl said he "didn't know what the hell Bond was going to do" despite having to deliver the first draft in six weeks, and decided to do a basic plot similar to Dr. No.[11] Dahl was given a free rein on his script, except for the character of Bond and "the girl formula", involving three women for Bond to seduce — an ally and a henchwoman who both get killed, and the main Bond girl. While the third involved a character from the book, Kissy Suzuki, Dahl had to create Aki and Helga Brandt to fulfil the rest.[14]

text: Gilbert was mostly collaborative with Dahl's work, as the writer declared: "He not only helped in script conferences, but had some good ideas and then left you alone, and when you produced the finished thing, he shot it. Other directors have such an ego that they want to rewrite it and put their own dialogue in, and it's usually disastrous. What I admired so much about Lewis Gilbert was that he just took the screenplay and shot it. That's the way to direct: You either trust your writer or you don't."[11]

text: Casting[edit]

text: When the time came to begin You Only Live Twice, the producers were faced with the problem of a disenchanted star. Sean Connery had stated that he was tired of playing James Bond and all of the associated commitment (time spent filming and publicising each movie), together with finding it difficult to do other work, which would potentially lead to typecasting.[10][15] Saltzman and Broccoli were able to persuade Connery by increasing his fee for the film, but geared up to look for a replacement.

text: Jan Werich was originally cast by producer Harry Saltzman to play Blofeld. Upon his arrival at the Pinewood set, both producer Albert R. Broccoli and director Lewis Gilbert felt that he was a poor choice, resembling a "poor, benevolent Santa Claus". Nonetheless, in an attempt to make the casting work, Gilbert continued filming. After several days, both Gilbert and Broccoli determined that Werich was not menacing enough, and recast Blofeld with Donald Pleasence in the role.[5] Pleasence's ideas for Blofeld's appearance included a hump, a limp, a beard, and a lame hand, before he settled on the scar.[16] He found it uncomfortable, though, because of the glue that attached it to his eye.[17]

text: Many European models were tested for Helga Brandt including German actress Eva Renzi who passed on the film,[18] with German actress Karin Dor being cast. Dor performed the stunt of diving into a pool to depict Helga's demise, without the use of a double.[19] Strangely, for the German version Dor was dubbed by somebody else.[20]

text: Gilbert had chosen Tetsurō Tamba after working with him in The 7th Dawn. A number of martial arts experts were hired as the ninjas. The two Japanese female parts proved difficult to cast, due to most of the actresses tested having limited English. Akiko Wakabayashi and Mie Hama were eventually chosen and started taking English classes in the UK. Hama, initially cast in the role of Tanaka's assistant, had difficulty with the language, so the producers switched her role with Wakabayashi, who had been cast as Kissy, a part with significantly less dialogue. Wakabayashi only requested that her character name, "Suki", be changed to "Aki".[5]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming of You Only Live Twice lasted from July 1966 to March 1967.[21] The film was shot primarily in Japan. Himeji Castle in Hyōgo Prefecture was depicted as Tanaka's ninja training camp. His private transportation hub was filmed at the Tokyo Metro's Nakano-shimbashi Station. As of 2011, many of the fixtures in the station are unchanged from the time of filming.[22]

text: The Hotel New Otani Tokyo served as the outside for Osato Chemicals and the hotel's gardens were used for scenes of the ninja training. Bōnotsu in Kagoshima served as the fishing village, the Kobe harbour was used for the dock fight and Mount Shinmoe-dake in Kyūshū was used for the exteriors of SPECTRE's headquarters.[5][23][24] Large crowds were present in Japan to see the shooting. A Japanese fan began following Sean Connery with a camera, and the police were called several times to prevent invasions during shooting.[5][17]

text: The heavily armed WA-116 autogyro "Little Nellie" was included after Ken Adam heard a radio interview with its inventor, RAF Wing Commander Ken Wallis. Little Nellie was named after music hall star Nellie Wallace, who has a similar surname to its inventor. Wallis piloted his invention, which was equipped with various mock-up armaments by John Stears' special effects team, during production.[21]

text: "Nellie's" battle with helicopters proved to be difficult to film. The scenes were initially shot in Miyazaki, first with takes of the gyrocopter, with more than 85 take-offs, 5 hours of flight and Wallis nearly crashing into the camera several times. A scene filming the helicopters from above created a major downdraft and cameraman John Jordan's foot was severed by the craft's rotor. The concluding shots involved explosions, which the Japanese government did not allow in a national park. So, the crew moved to Torremolinos, Spain, which was found to resemble the Japanese landscape.[5]

text: The sets of SPECTRE's volcano base were constructed at a lot inside Pinewood Studios, with a cost of $1 million and including operative heliport and monorail.[5][23] The 45 m (148 ft) tall set could be seen from 5 kilometres (3 miles) away, and attracted many people from the region.[25] Locations outside Japan included using the Royal Navy frigate HMS Tenby, then in Gibraltar, for the sea burial,[26] Hong Kong for the scene where Bond fakes his death, and Norway for the Soviet radar station.[5][24][25]

text: Sean Connery's then-wife Diane Cilento performed the swimming scenes for at least five Japanese actresses, including Mie Hama.[5] Martial arts expert Donn F. Draeger provided martial arts training, and also doubled for Connery.[27] Lewis Gilbert's regular editor, Thelma Connell, was originally hired to edit the film. However, after her initial, almost three-hour cut received a terrible response from test audiences, Peter R. Hunt was asked to re-edit the film. Hunt's cut proved a much greater success, and he was awarded the director's chair on the next film as a result.[10]

text: Music[edit]

text: The soundtrack was the fourth of the series to be composed by John Barry. He tried to incorporate the "elegance of the Oriental sound" with Japanese music-inspired tracks.[28] The theme song, "You Only Live Twice", was composed by Barry and lyricist Leslie Bricusse and sung by Nancy Sinatra after her father Frank Sinatra passed on the opportunity.[29] Nancy Sinatra was reported to be very nervous while recording — first she wanted to leave the studio; then she claimed to sometimes "sound like Minnie Mouse".[30] Barry declared that the final song uses 25 different takes.[28] British singer Julie Rogers recorded an alternative song for the titles, but this was not used.[29]

text: There are two versions of the song "You Only Live Twice", sung by Nancy Sinatra, one directly from the movie soundtrack, and a second one for record release arranged by Billy Strange.[citation needed] The movie soundtrack song is widely recognised for its striking opening bars and oriental flavour, and was far more popular on radio. The record release made No. 44 on the Billboard charts in the USA, No. 11 in UK. Both versions of the title song are available on CD.

text: In 1992, Acen sampled the title song "You Only Live Twice" for his song "Trip II the Moon Part 2". In 1997, Icelandic singer Björk recorded a cover version. In 1998, Robbie Williams used the distinctive string figure for his song "Millennium", (although it was re-recorded, rather than sampled from the movie for cost reasons).[31] Coldplay covered it when they toured in 2001, and it was covered by Natacha Atlas for her 2005 compilation album The Best of Natacha Atlas. Shirley Bassey, who has three original Bond themes to her credit, has also covered the song.

text: A different title song was originally recorded by Julie Rogers, but eventually discarded. Only two lines from that version were kept in the final lyrics, and the orchestral part was changed to fit Nancy Sinatra's vocal range. Rogers' version only appeared in a James Bond 30th Anniversary CD, with no singer credit.[32][33][34] In the 1990s, an alternative example of a possible theme song (also called "You Only Live Twice" and sung by Lorraine Chandler) was discovered in the vaults of RCA Records. It became a very popular track with followers of the Northern soul scene (Chandler was well known for her high-quality soul output on RCA) and can be found on several RCA soul compilations.[35]

text: Promotion[edit]

text: To promote the film, Eon Productions produced a one-hour colour television programme titled Welcome to Japan, Mr. Bond first aired on 2 June 1967 in the United States on NBC.[36] Bond regulars Lois Maxwell and Desmond Llewelyn appeared playing respectively "Miss Moneypenny" and "Q". Kate O'Mara appears as Miss Moneypenny's assistant.[37] The programme shows clips from You Only Live Twice and the then four existing Bond films, and contained a storyline of Moneypenny trying to establish the identity of Bond's bride.[38]

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: You Only Live Twice premiered at the Odeon Leicester Square in London. It was the first premiere of a James Bond film that Queen Elizabeth II attended.[39] The film grossed $43 million in the United States and over $111 million worldwide.[40]

text: Critical response today is mostly positive, with Rotten Tomatoes giving a 72% rating.[41] But most reviews pointed out various flaws in the film. James Berardinelli said that the first half was good, but "during the second half, as the plot escalates beyond the bounds of preposterousness, that the film starts to fragment", criticising Blofeld's appearance and stating "rockets that swallow up spacecraft are a bit too extravagant."[42]

text: Roger Ebert criticised the focus on gadgets, declaring that the James Bond formula "fails to work its magic".[43] John Brosnan in his book James Bond in the Cinema compared the film to an episode of Thunderbirds with a reliance on gadgetry but admitted it had pace and spectacle. Christopher Null considered the film one of James Bond's most memorable adventures, but the plot "protracting and quite confusing".[44]

text: Ali Barclay of BBC Films panned Dahl's script displaying "a whole new world of villainy and technology."[45] Leo Goldsmith lauded the volcano base as "the most impressive of Ken Adam's sets for the franchise."[46] Danny Peary wrote that You Only Live Twice "should have been about twenty minutes shorter" and described it as "not a bad Bond film, but it doesn't compare to its predecessors — the formula had become a little stale."[47]

text: IGN ranked You Only Live Twice as the fourth best Bond film,[48] and Entertainment Weekly as the second best, considering that it "pushes the series to the outer edge of coolness".[49] But Norman Wilner of MSN chose it as the fifth worst, criticising the plot, action scenes and little screentime for Blofeld.[50] Literary critic Paul Simpson called the film one of the most colourful of the series and credited the prefecture of Kagoshima for adding "a good flavour" of Japanese influence on the film,[51] but he panned the depiction of Blofeld as a "let-down", "small, bald and a whooping scar."[52] Simon Winder said that the film is "perfect" for parodies of the series.[53]

text: The film is recognised by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:

Ernst Stavro Blofeld — Nominated Villain[54]


document_title: Mother's Day (2016 film)

question_text: who plays julia roberts daughter in the movie mother's day

question_tokens: who plays julia roberts daughter in the movie mother 's day

text: Mother's Day (2016 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: This article needs an improved plot summary. (June 2016)

text: As Mother's Day draws close, a group of seemingly unconnected people in Atlanta come to terms with the relationships they have with their mothers. Sandy (Jennifer Aniston) is a divorced mother of two boys whose ex-husband has recently remarried a younger woman named Tina (Shay Mitchell). Miranda (Julia Roberts) is an accomplished writer who gave up her only child, Kristin (Britt Robertson), for adoption at birth. But as a grown-up Kristin prepares herself for marriage, she begins to contemplate the missing part in her life and is encouraged by her friend, Jesse (Kate Hudson), to go out and find her mother. Meanwhile, Jesse and her sister Gabi, who never see their mother, are surprised by their parents when they come to visit and must come to terms with their failing relationship.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jennifer Aniston as Sandy Newhouse[4]
Kate Hudson as Jesse[4]
Julia Roberts as Miranda Collins[4]
Jason Sudeikis as Bradley Barton[4]
Timothy Olyphant as Henry
Shay Mitchell as Tina, Henry's new wife[5]
Britt Robertson as Kristin[5]
Jack Whitehall as Zack Zimm[5]
Héctor Elizondo as Ramon Navarro/Lance Wallace; Credited "and as always Héctor Elizondo"
Margo Martindale as Florence, Jesse's mother
Sarah Chalke as Gabi, Jesse's sister
Robert Pine as Earl, Jesse's father
Aasif Mandvi as Russell, Jesse's husband[5]
Cameron Esposito as Max, Gabi's wife
Jon Lovitz as Wally Burn
Loni Love as Kimberly[5]
Lucy Walsh as Jody
Beth Kennedy as Gwenda
Sandra Taylor as Lexy
Ella Anderson as Vicky Barton[6]
Jessi Case as Rachel Barton
Grayson Russell as Tommy
Matthew Walker as Randy
Lisa Roberts Gillan as Betty
Kate Linder as Gigi
Jennifer Garner as Dana Barton
Paul Vogt as Tiny
Owen Vaccaro as Charlie
Scott Marshall as Sam
Christine Lakin as The Hostess
Rory O'Malley as The Customer
Larry Miller as The Motorcycle Cop
Sean O'Bryan as The Male Cop

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In April 2013, Dennis Dugan confirmed that he would next develop Garry Marshall's comedy film Mother's Day.[7]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On June 30, 2015, four cast members were announced, Julia Roberts, Jennifer Aniston, Kate Hudson, and Jason Sudeikis, with the film to be directed by Garry Marshall and scripted by Anya Kochoff-Romano and Lily Hollander.[4] Brandt Andersen produced, along with Wayne Rice and Mike Karz.[4] On July 22, 2015, Open Road Films acquired US distribution rights to the film, and it was revealed that Matt Walker and Tom Hines would co-write the script.[8] On August 21, 2015, Ella Anderson joined the film's cast to play Vicky, Sudeikis's character's daughter.[6] On August 26, 2015, Timothy Olyphant, Britt Robertson, Shay Mitchell, Jack Whitehall, Loni Love, and Aasif Mandvi joined the cast.[5] On October 6, Hilary Duff was confirmed to appear, but she declined due to scheduling conflicts with filming the second season of her show Younger.[9]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography on the film began on August 18, 2015, in Atlanta, Georgia.[10][11] Though shooting her part required only four days, Julia Roberts was paid $3 million.[12]

text: Release[edit]

text: Mother's Day was released domestically on April 29, 2016 by Open Road Films.[8]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Mother's Day grossed $32.5 million in the U.S. and Canada and $11.3 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $43.8 million against a production cost of $25 million.[13]

text: In the United States and Canada, pre-release tracking suggested the film would gross around $11 million from 3,035 theaters in its opening weekend, trailing fellow newcomer Keanu ($10–14 million projection) but besting Ratchet & Clank ($8–10 million projection).[14] The film grossed $2.6 million on its first day and $8.4 million in its opening weekend, finishing 4th at the box office, behind The Jungle Book ($43.7 million), The Huntsman: Winter's War ($9.6 million), and Keanu ($9.5 million). In its second weekend the film grossed $11.1 million (an increase of 32.5%), finishing 3rd at the box office, behind Captain America: Civil War ($179.1 million) and The Jungle Book ($24.5 million).[15]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 6% based on 146 reviews and an average rating of 2.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Arguably well-intended yet thoroughly misguided, Mother's Day is the cinematic equivalent of a last-minute gift that only underscores its embarrassing lack of effort."[16] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 18 out of 100 based on 30 critics, indicating "overwhelming dislike".[17] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[18]

text: Richard Roeper gave the film zero out of four stars, saying, "...nothing could have prepared us for the offensively stupid, shamelessly manipulative, ridiculously predictable and hopelessly dated crapfest that is Mother's Day."[19]

text: Peter Bradshaw, writing in The Guardian, gave the film one star out of five, calling it "as feelgood and life-affirming as a fire in an asbestos factory neighbouring a children's hospital."

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Recipients
Result

Teen Choice Awards[20]
Choice Movie: Comedy
Mother's Day
Nominated

Choice Movie Actress: Comedy
Jennifer Aniston
Nominated

Golden Raspberry Awards
Worst Actress
Julia Roberts
Nominated

Worst Supporting Actress
Kate Hudson
Nominated