document_title: Legal status of tattooing in the United States

question_text: what age can you get a tattoo in louisiana

text: In the United States, there is no federal law regulating the practice of tattooing. However, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have statutory laws requiring a person receiving a tattoo be 18 years or older. This is partially based on the legal principle that a minor cannot enter into a legal contract or otherwise render informed consent for a procedure. Most states permit a person under the age of 18 to receive a tattoo with permission of a parent or guardian, but some states outright prohibit tattooing under a certain age regardless of permission, with the exception of medical necessity (such as markings placed for radiation therapy).

text: In all jurisdictions, individual tattooists may also choose to place additional restrictions based on their own moral feelings, such as refusing any clients under a specific age even with parental consent despite it being legal, or limiting the type and/or location of where they are willing to tattoo (such as refusing any work around intimate parts of the body). They may additionally refuse to perform specific artwork, including if they merely find it inappropriate or offensive, or refuse to work on a client that they suspect may be intoxicated. Artists sometimes claim their personal business restrictions are a matter of law even when it is not true, so as to avoid arguments with clients.

text:
Legal Restrictions on Tattooing & Body Modification by State

State
Minimum Age (with parent/guardian consent)
Form of Parent/Guardian Consent
Notes & Exceptions
Intoxicated/Impaired Individuals
Area of Law/Type of Penalty
Licensing & Regulation
Relevant Statute(s) and Rules

Alabama
none specified[1]
informed written consent, signed in presence of the artist/service provider or their agent[1][2]
Ear piercing exempt from Alabama body art laws & rules.[2][3]
cannot be tattooed, branded, or pierced[1][2]
Violations of Alabama Tattoo & Body Piercing laws are a class c misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $100 and/or up to 90 days imprisonment for each violation.[4]
Alabama's Department of Public Health licenses Tattoo, body piercing, & body art facilities, and sets standards for their operation.[5]
Individual tattoo artists, piercers, etc. require a permit.[2]

Ala. Code § 22-1-17A[3][6]
State Board of Health rules on Body Art Practices and Facilities.[2]

Alaska
18 (piercing excepted)[7]
parent/guardian must both give written consent and be present during the procedure[7]
Minors may be pierced with parental consent [7]
no restriction[8]

Alaska Stat. § 08.13.217[7]

Arizona
none specified[9]
parent/guardian must be physically present[9]
Minors can have their ears pierced with the written or verbal consent of a parent/guardian, can have procedures prescribed by a health care provider.[9]
no restriction[9]
Violations are a class 6 felony.[9]
There are no health regulations for tattoo shops in Arizona. [10]
Tattoos. Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-3721[9]

Arkansas
16[11]
parent/guardian must both give written consent and be physically present[12]
none specified[12]
cannot be tattooed, branded, or pierced.[12]

Ark. Stat. Ann. §§ 20-27-1501 et seq.[12]

California
18 (piercing excepted)[13][14]
parent/guardian must be present during procedure
Minors may have their ears pierced with parental consent.[15] They may be pierced elsewhere with parental consent, but not on their genitals or nipples. Permanent cosmetics are permitted on nipples, when done by a cosmetic technician and with parental consent.[14]
no restriction

Body Art. Cal. Health & Safety Code § 119300 to 119328[6][15]
Cal. Penal Code 653[13]

Colorado
18 Express written consent of parent or guardian[16]
parent/guardian must be present during procedure
Persons who are "noticeably impaired" cannot have body art procedures[16]

Body Artists. Colo. Rev. Stat. § 25-4-2101 to 2103[6]

Connecticut
none specified
permission of parent or guardian[17][18]
Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent[17]
Tattooing may only be performed by physicians, or by registered nurses & technicians working under the supervision of a physician.[18]

no restrictions

Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-92a,[6][18]
Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-92g[6][17]

District of Columbia
18 (ear piercing excepted)[19]
written consent (for ear piercing)[19]
minors may have their ears pierced with written parental consent[19]
no restrictions[19]

Body Artists. DC Code § 47-2853.76d[6][19]

Delaware
18[20]
notarized written consent to the specific procedure[20]
none specified[20]
cannot be tattooed, branded, or body pierced[20]

Del. Code Ann. Title 11, Ch 5 §1114(a)[6][20]
Del. Code Ann. Title 16, Ch 2 §122(3)(w)[6]

Florida
16[21]
Must be accompanied by parent or guardian who can show proof of guardianship, both parent and minor must present photo ID, and a consent form must be notarized.[21]
for medical or dental purposes by a licensed physician or dentist[21]
no restriction

Fla. Stat. § 381.00787[6]
Fla. Stat. §381.0775 et seq.[6] Fla. Stat. §381.075[6]

Georgia
18 (body piercing excepted)[22]
For body piercing: prior written consent of parent/guardian[23]
Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent[23]
Minors may be body pierced with written parental consent[23]
Physicians and Osteopaths or technicians working under their direct supervision can give minors tattoos or produce scars for "medical or cosmetic purposes."[22]
No one can be tattooed within an inch of their eye socket.[24]

no restrictions

Ga. Code § 31-40-1 to 31-40-10[6]
Ga. Code § 16-12-5[6]
Ga. Code § 16-5-71.1[6]

Hawaii
none specified[25]
written consent of parent/guardian[25]

Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 321-13[6]
Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 321-379[6]

Idaho
18[26]
Written informed consent of parent/guardian, executed in the presence of the person performing the procedure, or their agent/employee.[26]
Minors can have their ears pierced without parental consent.[6]
Piercing for medical procedures exempt.[6]

no restrictions

Idaho Code § 18-1523 (2004)[6]

Illinois
18 (body piercings excepted)[27]
Written consent of parent/guardian (for body piercings)[27]
Minors cannot be present in places where tattooing or body piercing is done except in the presence of a parent/guardian.[27]
Minors can have their ears pierced without parent/guardian consent.[27]

no restrictions

Ill. Stat. 720 §5/12-10.1[6]
Ill. Stat. 410 §54/1 t0 54/999[6]

Indiana
none specified[28]
Parent/guardian must both be present during the procedure and provide written permission.[28]
Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent.[28]
no restrictions

Ind. Code Ann. §35-42-2-7[6][28]
Ind. Code Ann. §16-19-3-4.1[6][29]

Iowa
18[30]
n/a - minors cannot be tattooed[30]
Body piercing is not regulated by state law in Iowa, however county or city laws may regulate it.[31]
no restrictions

Iowa Code §135.37[6]
Iowa Code §135.37[6]

Kansas
16[32]
Parent/guardian must give written consent, written consent must be notarized, and the parent/guardian must be present during the procedure.[32]
Minors may have their ears pierced[33]
no restrictions

Kan. Stat. Ann. §65-1953[6]
Kan. Stat. Ann. §65-1940 to 65-1954[6]

Kentucky
16
Parent/guardian must give written, notarized consent.[34]
none (ear piercing also requires written, notarized consent).[35]

Ky. Rev. Stat. §211.760[6]
Ky. Rev. Stat. §194A.050; 211.760[6]

Louisiana
16
Parent or guardian must consent, and their presence during the procedure is required for tattoos, but not for body piercings.[36]

no restrictions

La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §14:93.2[6]
La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 40:2831 et seq.[6]

Maine
18 (piercings excepted)[37]
For body piercings: prior legal consent of parent/guardian.[38]
Maine law does not require parent/guardian consent for ear piercing[39]
no restrictions

Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. Title 32 § 4201-4329[6]

Maryland
none specified[40]
written consent, which must be retained for 3 years.
Piercing of the ear lobe is exempt[41]
no restriction
Health Department Regulations
A license is not required, but any person performing tattooing or piercing must comply with all the relevant health code regulations[40]
COMAR 10.06.01.02 and 10.06.01.06

Massachusetts
18 (except body piercing other than genitalia)[42]
Minors cannot receive tattoo, branding, or scarification at all. For piercing of areas other than the genitalia, a parent may provide identification and sign the consent document.[42]
Physicians performing for treatment reasons and ear piercing are exempt from regulation.[42]
no restriction
County Health Department regulates body art, but all follow a model regulation set by the state.
Artists must have a permit, and establishments are subject to following specific health department regulations[42]
Model Regulations for Body Art Establishments[42]

Michigan
none specified[43]
Written, informed consent of parent/guardian. Must be executed (signed) in the presences of the person performing the procedure, or their employee.[43]

cannot be tattooed, branded, or body pierced.[43]

Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.13101 to 333.13112[44]

Minnesota
18 (piercings excepted)[45]
For piercings: presence of parent/guardian and a consent form are both required.[45]
Minors cannot be tattooed. They can be body pierced, but not in the nipples or genitals. Branding, scarification, suspension, subdermal implantation, microdermal, and tongue bifurcation are also prohibited for minors.[45]
cannot have any body art procedures.[45]

Minnesota Statutes 146B.07[45]

Mississippi
18
n/a - minors cannot be tattooed
piercing also prohibited except for the outer perimeter or lobe of the ear.
no restriction

Miss.Code Ann. §73-61

Missouri
none specified[46]
For both piercings and tattoos, parent/guardian must sign written consent in the presence of the person performing the procedure, or their employee.[46]

cannot be tattooed, branded or body pierced.[46]
violations are a misdemeanor, punishable with a fine of up to $500 (more for repeat offenses)[46]
The state director of the division of professional registration licenses all body artists, and sets rules & regulations for the operation of body art establishments.[47]
Mo. Rev. Stat. §324.520[46]

Montana
none specified[48]
Parent or guardian must give "explicit, in-person" consent.[48] Montana administrative rules also require that the parent/guardian be present throughout the procedure.[49]

cannot be tattooed or body pierced.[49]
A person who tattoos or body pierces a minor without parent/guardian consent is guilty of Unlawful transactions with children, punishable by a fine of up to $500 or six months in county jail, or both.[48]
Other violations of Montana body art laws are a misdemeanor, with punishments ranging from a fine of $50–100 for a first offense to $300 and/or 90 days in county jail for third and subsequent offense.[50]

Montana's Department of Health and Safety licenses and regulates body art establishments.[51] Local health boards may establish their own licensing and regulatory schemes in lieu of the state department's.[52]
Mont. Code Ann. §45-5-623[48]
Mont. Code Ann. §50-48-101 to 110[53]
Mont. Code Ann. §50-48-201 to 209[54]

Nebraska
none specified[55]
written consent, must be present during procedure
Piercing does not include the external parts of the ear[56]
No restrictions

Nebraska Revised Statute 38-1008, 38-1009, 38-1010, 38-1011, 38-1060, 38-10,165

Nevada
n/a[6]
n/a[6]
Nevada state law does not regulate tattoos, piercings, or other body art. Regional health districts may regulate the practice. The southern Nevada Health District, for example, does not allow minors below the age of 14 to be tattooed, and requires a parent or guardian to provide written consent and be present during the procedure for 14- to 18-year-olds. The southern Nevada district also bans tattoos on those who are under the influence of drugs or alcohol.[57]
n/a[6]

n/a[6]

New Hampshire
18 (piercings excepted)[58]
For piercings: parent/guardian must both sign written consent and be present during the procedure.
Minors cannot be tattooed or branded. They may be pierced with parent/guardian consent.[58] Minors may have their ears pierced without parent/guardian consent.[59]
no restrictions

N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 314[6]

New Jersey
none specified[60]
written permission of parent/guardian is required for tattooing and body piercing.[60]
Parent/guardian must be present and sign written consent for ear piercings as well as for body piercing. Minors cannot have genital piercings even with parent/guardian consent.[61]
no restrictions
no restrictions
no restrictions
N.J. Stat. Ann. §2C:40-21
N.J.A.C. 8:27-1 et seq.
N.J. Stat. Ann. §26-1A-7[6]

New Mexico
none specified[62]
Written consent and presence during the procedure.
Medical procedures by physicians and ear piercing are exempt[63]
no restrictions
Administrative Regulations set by the Board of Barbers and Cosmetologists
All body artists are required to be licensed through the state, and are subject to regulations from the Board
Body Art Safe Practices Act. N.M. Stat. Ann. § 61-17B et seq.,[63] N.M. Administrative Code 16.36 et seq.[62]

New York
18 (piercings excepted) [64]
Minors cannot be tattooed with parent/guardian consent. For piercings: parent/guardian must give written consent, signed in presence of the body artist or body art establishment owner.[65]
Written parental consent is not required for ear piercings.[66]
no restrictions

New York Public Health Law, Article 4-A[6][65]
N.Y. Public Health Law §460-466[6]
N.Y. Penal Law § 260.21[6]

North Carolina
18 (piercings excepted)[67]
Minors cannot be tattooed, even with parent/guardian consent. "Prior consent" of parent/guardian is required for body piercings.[67]
Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent.[67]
no restrictions

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 130A-283[68]
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-400[69]

North Dakota
none specified[70]
Parent/guardian must be present during the procedure and give written consent.[70]

cannot get tattoos or other body art[71]

N.D. Code §23-01-35[72]
N.D. Code §12.1-31-13[6][70]

Ohio
none specified[73]
Parent/guardian must both sign a consent form and "appear in person at the business at the time the procedure is performed."[73]
none - parent/guardian consent and presence is also required for ear piercings.[73]
no restrictions

Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §3730.01 to 3730.99[6][73]

Oklahoma
18 (piercings excepted)[74]
Minors cannot be tattooed, even with parent/guardian consent. For piercings: parent/guardian must both give written consent and be present during the procedure.[74]
Ear piercing is not governed/restricted by Oklahoma law.[74]
Scleral tattooing is illegal.[74]

cannot be tattooed.[74]

Okla. Stat. Title 21 §842.1, 842.2, 842.3[6]

Oregon
18 (piercings excepted)[75]
For piercings: parent/guardian must give written consent and present proof of identity.[76][77]
Minors can only be tattooed with the authorization of a physician.[75]
Scarification and dermal implants are prohibited[78]
Persons with sunburns or skin diseases or disorders cannot be tattooed or pierced.[75][77]
Minors cannot be pierced on the genitals or nipples, even with parent/guardian consent.[76]
Piercing on testes, deep shaft (corpus cavernosa), uvula, eyelids and sub-clavicle are all prohibited.[77]

cannot be tattooed or pierced.[75][77]
Violations of Oregon body art laws are a misdemeanor.[79]
Violations of Health Licensing Office rules are fined (various amounts).[80]

Both body artists and body art establishments are licensed by the Oregon Health Licensing Office.[81] With the assistance of a Board of Body Art practitioners, the Health Licensing Office also sets detailed rules and regulations for body art.[82]
Or. Rev. Stat. § 690.350 et seq
Or. Rev. Stat. § 690.401 to 410
Or. Rev. Stat. § 679.500[6]
Health Licensing Office Rules, especially Divisions 900, 905, 915 & 920[82]

Pennsylvania
none specified[83]
parent/guardian must both give consent and be present during the procedure.[83]

no restrictions

Pa. Cons. Stat. Title 18 § 6311[6][83]

Rhode Island
18 (piercings excepted)[84][85]
Minors cannot be tattooed.[84] For piercings: parent/guardian must both give consent and be present for the procedure.[85]

no restrictions
Tattooing a minor is a criminal offense (misdemeanor), maximum fine $300[84]
Tattooing and body art are regulated by the department of health, artists must be registered.[85]
RI Gen L § 23-1-39[85]
RI Gen L § 11-9-15[84]

South Carolina
18 (piercings excepted)[86][87]
Minors cannot be tattooed.[86] For piercings: parent/guardian must either give written, notarized consent or be present during the procedure.[87]
Head, face, and neck tattoos are illegal.[86]
cannot be tattooed or body pierced[86][88]
Under the Health Code, persons violating restrictions on tattooing and body piercing are guilty of a misdemeanor. Upon conviction, they may be fined up to $2500 or imprisoned for a year, or both.[86][87]
Tattoo and body piercing facilities are regulated by the Department of Health and Environmental Control. Tattoo facilities are licensed, body piercing facilities require a permit, and artists must be registered[89][90]
S.C. Code § 44-32-10 to 44-32-120[88]
S.C. Code § 44-34-10 to 44-34-110[91]

South Dakota
none specified[92]
Parent/guardian must sign a consent form.[92]

cannot be tattooed or pierced[93][94]
Tattooing a minor is a class 2 misdemeanor.[95]
Tattooing and Body Piercing are governed by Department of Health rules.[96] Municipalities may set stricter regulations, and have the authority to license body artists.[95]
S.D. Codified Laws Ann. §26-10-19[92]
S.D. Laws § 9-34-17[95]

Tennessee
18 (piercings excepted)[97][98]
For tattoos that cover an existing tattoo (see Notes & Exceptions): Parent/Guardian must be present during the procedure.[97]
For piercings: Parent/Guardian must give written consent, be present during the procedure.[98]

Minors over the age of sixteen may be tattooed to cover up an existing tattoo, with parent/guardian consent.[97]

Minors who lie about their age to be tattooed are guilty of a "delinquent act," are required to pay a fine of $50–$250 and serve at least 20 hours of community service.[97]
Tattooing a minor is a class a misdemeanor,[97] breach of body piercing law is a class b misdemeanor.[99]

Tattoo artists and body piercers are licensed by the state department of health, tattoo shops require a certificate from the local health department.[100][101]
Tenn. Code §§ 62-38-201-310[102]

Texas
18 (piercings excepted)[103][104]
For body piercings and for covering existing tattoos (see Notes & Exceptions): Parent/guardian must be present during procedure, sign an affidavit[103][104]
Ear piercing is exempt from body piercing statutes[105]
Minors may, with parent/guardian consent, be tattooed to cover up an existing tattoo that has offensive, gang-related, or drug-related content, or "other words, symbols, or markings that the person's parent or guardian considers would be in the best interest of the person to cover"[103]
Tongue splitting prohibited.[106]

Cannot be tattooed or pierced.[103][107]
Misrepresenting one's age to get a tattoo, or to get a piercing without parental consent, is a class B misdemeanor[103][104]
Violations of Texas tattooing & body piercing statute are a Class A misdemeanor, with each day of violation counting as a separate offense.[108]
Health Commissioner can impose a fine of up to $5000 on artists & shops for each violation[109]

Tattoo artists and body piercers must be registered with the Texas Department of Health[110] Tattoo and body piercing shops must be licensed[111]
Texas Health and Safety Code Ann. §146[112]

Utah
none specified[113]
Parent/guardian must be present during the procedure, give written permission, and provide proof of identity.[113]
Parental consent not required by law for ear piercing[113]

Tattooing or body piercing a minor is a class b misdemeanor, shops can be fined up to $1000 for each violation.[113]

Utah Code Ann. §76-10-2201[6]

Vermont
none specified[114]

Tattooists and body piercers must be registered.[114]
Vt. Stat. Ann. Title 26 §4101 to 4109[6][115]

Virginia
none specified[116]
Parent/Guardian must be present during the procedure.[116]
Virginia law does not limit minors' ability to have their ears pierced.[116]

Tattooing or body piercing a minor is a class 1 misdemeanor[116]
Tattoo artists and body piercers, as well as the operators of tattoo and body piercing establishments, are licensed by the state.[117][118]
Civic/local governments are empowered to regulate tattoo and body piercing establishments.[119]

Va. Code §54.1-700 et seq.
Va. Code §15.2-912
Va. Code § 18.2-371.3.[6]

Washington
18 (piercings excepted)[120]

cannot have tattoos, body piercings, or other body art.[121]

Wash. Code §26.28.085[120]
Wash. Code § 18.300[122]
Wash. Code § 246-145-001 to 060[123]
Wash. Code §70.54[124]

West Virginia
none specified[125]
parent/guardian must give written consent[125]

All persons receiving a tattoo must attest they are not under the influence of drugs or alcohol.[125]

Tattoo shop owners and body piercing studios must register with local board of health, and must be registered as a business with the state[126][127][128]
W. Va. Code §16-37
W. Va. Code §16-38[129]

Wisconsin
18[130]
n/a (tattooing not permitted under 18)
Physicians in the course of professional practice are exempt
no restriction
Tattooing a minor or even offering to do so is subject to a fine of up to $200
Artists must be satisfy training requirements and obtain a license from the health department. Establishments are subject to inspection and licensing[131]
Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations 948.70 and 252.235

Wyoming
none specified[132]
Verbal consent, presence during procedure.[132]
Procedures performed under the supervision of a licensed physician, and piercing of the ear, do not count as body art for this law.
no restriction[132]
Misdemeanor criminal offense, punishable by fine and prison time[132]

Wyoming Statute §14-3-107[132]


document_title: Hope That We Can Be Together Soon

question_text: who sings i hope that we can be together soon

root

text: Hope That We Can Be Together Soon

text:
"Hope That We Can Be Together Soon"

Single by Sharon Paige & Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes

from the album To Be True

B-side
"Be for Real"

Released
June 1975

Genre
R&B/Soul

Length
3:22

Label
Philadelphia International

Songwriter(s)
Kenneth Gamble & Leon Huff

Producer(s)
Kenneth Gamble, Leon Huff & Harold Melvin

Sharon Paige & Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes singles chronology

"String Module Error: Match not found"
(1975)
"Hope That We Can Be Together Soon"
(1975)
"String Module Error: Match not found"
(1975)

"Bad Luck
(Part 1)"
(1975)
"Hope That We Can Be Together Soon"
(1975)
"Wake Up Everybody
(Part 1)"
(1975)

tag: table

text: "Hope That We Can Be Together Soon is a song written by Kenneth Gamble and Leon Huff that was originally recorded by Dusty Springfield as "Let's Get Together Soon" and was included in her 1970 album A Brand New Me (which was also produced by Gamble and Huff). The composition scored a hit when it was released by Sharon Paige and Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes in 1975. Released in 1975 from the album To Be True, it reached #1 on the Hot Soul Singles chart in the summer of that year. It reached #42 on the Billboard Hot 100.[1] Unlike most of the group's singles from this time period, Melvin handles most of the vocal duties, while Teddy Pendergrass appears for one line and the closing part of the song. Paige would later take on a more prominent role in the group after Pendergrass left the group for a solo career.

tag: p

text: Chart positions[edit]

text:
Charts (1975)
Peak
position

U.S. Billboard Hot 100
42

U.S. Billboard Hot Soul Singles
1


document_title: Madagascar (2005 film)

question_text: who does the voice of gloria in madagascar

text: Madagascar (2005 film)

text: Plot

text: At the Central Park Zoo, Marty the zebra is celebrating his tenth birthday, but has grown bored with his daily routine and longs to experience the wild. Marty's best friend is Alex the lion, who enjoys showing off for the public and his celebrity status as "the King of New York City". Alex attempts to cheer Marty up, but Marty, still unsatisfied, gets some tips from the zoo's penguins—Skipper, Kowalski, Rico, and Private—who are trying to escape the zoo, and follows them out. Alex, Melman the giraffe, and Gloria the hippopotamus pursue Marty in an attempt to convince him to return. The four, along with the penguins and two chimpanzees named Mason and Phil, find themselves at Grand Central Station, where they are quickly sedated via tranquillizer gun when Alex's attempt to communicate with humans is mistaken for aggression. The zoo, under pressure from anti-captivity activists, is forced to ship the escaped animals by sea to a Kenyan wildlife preserve. During their travels, the penguins escape from their enclosure and take over the ship, intent on taking it to Antarctica. Their antics on the bridge cause the crates containing Alex, Marty, Melman, and Gloria to fall overboard and wash ashore on Madagascar, because the strap securing the crates broke off due to Alex and Marty fighting.

text: The animals are soon able to regroup, initially believing themselves to be at the San Diego Zoo. Upon exploring, however, they come across a pack of lemurs, led by King Julien XIII the ring-tailed lemur, and learn their true location. Alex blames Marty for their predicament and attempts to signal for help to get back to civilization. Marty, on the other hand, finds the wild to be exactly what he was looking for, with Gloria and Melman soon joining him in enjoying the island. Alex eventually comes around, but, deprived from the raw steaks he was provided with at the zoo, his prey drive begins to show as hunger kicks in. The group is accepted by the lemurs, though King Julien's adviser, Maurice the aye-aye, cautions them about Alex's predatory nature. King Julien ignores Maurice's concerns and persuades the group to help the lemurs fend off the fossa, who hunt the lemurs as prey. While Alex initially scares the fossa away and is worshiped by the lemurs, later, compelled by hunger, he attacks Marty. Realizing that Alex is now a threat, King Julien banishes him to the far side of the island where the fossa live. Seeing what has happened to Alex, and how difficult it is to survive with so many predators around the island, Marty begins to regret his decision to leave the zoo.

text: The penguins, having been to Antarctica and found that it wasn't what they had in mind, land the ship at Madagascar. Seeing this as a chance to return Alex to New York, Marty rushes after his friend against the wishes of Melman and Gloria. Marty attempts to convince the now grizzled, starving Alex to return, but Alex refuses out of fear of attacking Marty again. The penguins, Gloria, and Melman go to find Marty, but are trapped by the fossa. At the last minute, Alex overcomes his predatory instincts and scares the fossa away from the lemur territory forever. The lemurs regain their respect for Alex, and the penguins help him satisfy his hunger through sushi. As the lemurs throw a farewell celebration for the foursome, the penguins decide not to break the news that the ship has run out of fuel.

text: Cast

text:
Ben Stiller as Alex, a lion. Tom McGrath explained that "Ben Stiller was the first actor we asked to perform, and we knew we wanted his character, Alex, to be a big performing lion with a vulnerable side."[2]
Chris Rock as Marty, a zebra. McGrath explained the character: "Marty is a guy who thinks there might be more to life than what's in the zoo. We wanted his character to be energetic, so we listened to Chris Rock."[2]
David Schwimmer as Melman, a hypochondriac giraffe who is afraid of germs.[2] When they were looking for a voice actor for Melman, they listened to Schwimmer's voice on Friends and, according to McGrath, thought that it "sounded really neat."[2]
Jada Pinkett Smith as Gloria, a strong, confident, but sweet hippopotamus.[2] McGrath said that they found all these traits in Pinkett Smith's voice, when they listened to her.[2]
Sacha Baron Cohen as King Julien XIII, a ring-tailed lemur and the king of the lemurs. King Julien was initially only meant to be a "two-line" character until auditioning Baron Cohen improvised eight minutes of dialogue in an Indian accent.[3]
Cedric the Entertainer as Maurice, an aye-aye and King Julien's royal advisor.
Andy Richter as Mort, a Goodman's mouse lemur.
Tom McGrath as Skipper, the leader of penguins. McGrath, who was also the film's co-director and co-writer, initially only lent his voice to the temporary tracks.[4][5] Growing up with films starring tough actors like John Wayne, Charlton Heston, and Robert Stack, McGrath wanted Stack for the voice of Skipper.[6] Stack was approached about voicing the character, but died two weeks before production on the animation began.[6][7][8] After that, DreamWorks Animation CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg decided to keep the temporary voice, with McGrath explaining: "People were used to me doing that voice. We knew it worked when we screened it."[6] Many character's traits were based on Stack's work.[8] McGrath especially emphasized The Untouchables, a 1959 television crime drama series starring Stack.[8]
Chris Miller as Kowalski, a penguin and Skipper's right hand.[4]
Jeffrey Katzenberg as Rico, a smart and silent penguin who is only expressed through grunts and squeals.[4] Mireille Soria, the film's producer, commented on Katzenberg's uncredited role: "The irony for us is that he's the one who doesn't talk. There's something very Dadaistic about that, isn't there?"[4]
Christopher Knights as Private, an eager, lowly penguin.[4] Knights was also an assistant editor on the film.[4]
Conrad Vernon as Mason, a chimpanzee (Phil, the other chimpanzee, is unvoiced)
Eric Darnell and Tom McGrath as the fossa
Eric Darnell and David P. Smith as lemurs
Elisa Gabrielli as Nana, an elderly New Yorker
Bob Saget as an unspecified off-screen zoo animal
David Cowgill as a police horse
Stephen Apostolina as a police officer

tag: ul

text: Release

text: Madagascar was released on DVD and VHS on November 15, 2005.[9] The DVD included a short animated film The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper, and a music video "I Like to Move It," featuring characters from the film dancing to the song.[10][11]

text: Reception

text: Critical reception

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film received a 55% approval rating based on 178 reviews. The consensus reads: "Though its story is problematic in spots and its humor is hit-or-miss for the adult crowd, Madagascar boasts impressive visuals and enough spunky charm to keep children entertained."[12] On Metacritic, the film has 57% approval rating based on 36 reviews falling under the "Mixed or Average" category.[13]

text: Box office

text: Despite the mixed response from critics, the film was a commercial success. On its opening weekend, the film grossed $47,224,594 with a $11,431 average from 4,131 theaters making it the number 3 movie of that weekend behind Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith and The Longest Yard.[14] However, the film managed to claim the top position in the U.S. box office the following week with a gross of $28,110,235.[15] In the United States, the film eventually grossed $193,595,521, and in foreign areas grossed $339,085,150 with a summative worldwide gross of $532,680,671.[16] As of December 2013, the film is the ninth highest-grossing DreamWorks animated feature in the U.S. behind Shrek 2, Shrek the Third, Shrek, Shrek Forever After, How to Train Your Dragon, Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted, Kung Fu Panda, and Monsters vs. Aliens.[17]

text: Awards

text: The film has won three awards and several nominations.[18]

text:
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

AFI's 10 Top 10
Animated

Nominated

Annie Award[18]
Best Animation

Nominated

Animated Effects
Matt Baer
Nominated

Animated Effects
Rick Glumac
Nominated

Animated Effects
Martin Usiak
Nominated

Character Design in an Animated Feature Production
Craig Kellman
Nominated

Music in an Animated Feature Production
Hans Zimmer
Nominated

Production Design in an Animated Feature Production
Yoriko Ito
Nominated

Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production
Tom McGrath
Nominated

Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production
Catherine Yuh Rader
Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Animated Movie

Won

text: In 2008, the American Film Institute nominated this film for its Top 10 Animation Films list.[19]

text: Soundtrack

text:
Madagascar

Soundtrack album by various artists

Released
May 26, 2005

Genre
Soundtrack, disco, new-age

Length
31:27

Label
Geffen

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Best Friends"
Hans Zimmer, Heitor Pereira, Ryeland Allison & James S. Levine

2:24

2.
"I Like to Move It"
Erick Morillo & Mark H. Quashie
Erick Morillo (Instrumental)
Sacha Baron Cohen (Vocals)
3:51

3.
"Hawaii Five-O"
Morton Stevens
The Ventures
1:49

4.
"Boogie Wonderland"
Allee Willis & Jonathan G. Lind
Earth, Wind & Fire
4:49

5.
"Whacked Out Conspiracy"
James Dooley

2:16

6.
"Chariots of Fire"
Evangelos Papathanassiou
Vangelis
3:29

7.
"Stayin' Alive"
Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb & Robin Gibb
the Bee Gees
4:44

8.
"Zoosters Breakout"
Hans Zimmer

1:39

9.
"Born Free"
John Barry

1:24

10.
"The Fossa Attack"
Heitor Pereira

0:37

11.
"Beacon of Liberty"
Hans Zimmer & James S. Levine

2:09

12.
"What a Wonderful World"
Bob Thiele & George David Weiss
Louis Armstrong
2:16

Total length:
31:27

text: Sequels and spin-offs

text: A sequel titled Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa was released on November 7, 2008, and picked up right where the first one left off, with the same voice cast. A second sequel, Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted, was released on June 8, 2012. A short film called The Madagascar Penguins in a Christmas Caper was released with the Madagascar DVD, and was theatrically released with Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit in the United States. A 2009 spinoff series, The Penguins of Madagascar, premiered in March 2009 on Nickelodeon. It is the first Nicktoon to be produced by both Nickelodeon and DreamWorks. Merry Madagascar, a holiday special featuring characters from the film series, premiered on November 17, 2009 on NBC. Madly Madagascar, a Valentine's Day special featuring characters from the film series, was released on DVD on January 29, 2013. A spin-off film starring the Penguins was released on November 26, 2014 and a third sequel, Madagascar 4, was set for release on May 18, 2018, but it was removed from its schedule due to the studio's restructuring.[20]

text: Notes

text: ^ In July 2014, the film's distribution rights were purchased by DreamWorks Animation.[21]

tag: ol


document_title: The Lion Guard

question_text: who is the voice of mufasa in the lion guard

text: The Lion Guard

text: Plot

text: Kion is the son of King Simba and Queen Nala, the younger brother of Kiara and the prince of the Pride Lands. As the second-born of the Lion King, he becomes the leader of the Lion Guard, a team of animals who protect the Pride Lands and defend the Circle of Life. Kion, along with his friends Bunga the honey badger, Beshte the hippopotamus, Fuli the cheetah and Ono the egret, sets out to keep the Pride Lands safe and protected from animals who do not respect the Circle of Life.

text: Characters

text: The Lion Guard

text:
Kion (voiced by Max Charles[1]) – A lion cub who is Simba and Nala's son, Mufasa's grandson, Kiara's younger brother, the Prince of the Pride Lands, and the leader of the Lion Guard as well as its fiercest member. He serves as the main protagonist of the series. His battlecry for the Lion Guard is "Till the Pride Lands end, Lion Guard defend!"
Bunga (voiced by Joshua Rush[1]) – A honey badger who is the bravest member of the Lion Guard. He is Timon and Pumbaa's adoptive nephew and Kion's best friend.[8] He is shown to have an immunity to venom. His battlecry is "Zuka Zama!"
Fuli (voiced by Diamond White[1]) – A cheetah who is the fastest member of the Lion Guard, the only female member and Kion's friend; The Rise of Scar reveals that she is also the first female animal to ever serve in the Guard. Her battlecry is "Huwezi!"
Ono (voiced by Atticus Shaffer[1]) – A cattle egret who is the keenest of sight of the Lion Guard and Kion's friend.
Beshte (voiced by Dusan Brown[1]) – A hippopotamus who is the strongest member of the Lion Guard and Kion's friend. His battlecry is "Twende Kiboko!"

text: The Lion King alumni

text: The following characters from The Lion King movies appear in this series:

text:
Simba (voiced by Rob Lowe[1]) – A lion who is Mufasa's son, Nala's mate, Scar's nephew, and Kion and Kiara's father. He is the King of the Pride Lands.[9] Simba and Bunga share a history of having lived with Timon and Pumbaa.
Nala (voiced by Gabrielle Union[1]) – A lioness who is Simba's mate, and Kion and Kiara's mother. She is the Queen of the Pride Lands.[9]
Kiara (voiced by Eden Riegel[1]) – A lion cub who is Simba and Nala's daughter, Mufasa's granddaughter, Kion's older sister, the Princess of the Pride Lands and its future queen.
Timon (voiced by Kevin Schon[1]) – Simba and Pumbaa's wisecracking meerkat friend.[8] Timon is Bunga's adoptive uncle. Schon previously voiced Timon in Timon & Pumbaa.[9]
Pumbaa (voiced by Ernie Sabella[1]) - Simba and Timon's warm-hearted common warthog friend.[8] Pumbaa is Bunga's adoptive uncle. Sabella reprises his role from The Lion King and its spin-offs.
Rafiki (voiced by Khary Payton[10]) – A wise old mandrill who serves as a Royal Mjuzi (a Pride Lands term for someone who is a knowledge keeper and an advisor) for the Royal Family of Pride Rock.[9] In The Rise of Scar, Rafiki takes on an apprentice named Makini.
Zazu (voiced by Jeff Bennett[1]) – A red-billed hornbill and Simba's majordomo who supplies news via the morning report of the Pride Lands.
Mufasa (voiced by James Earl Jones in Return of the Roar, reprising his role from The Lion King,[1] Gary Anthony Williams in later episodes) – Simba's father, and Kion and Kiara's paternal grandfather who was killed in the original film by a wildebeest stampede orchestrated by his younger brother Scar. Since his death, he lives on as a spirit that gives Kion advice on how to get through any tough plight.
Scar (voiced by David Oyelowo[11]) – A black-maned lion who is Simba's deceased uncle, Kion and Kiara's great-uncle, and Mufasa's younger brother. He is the main antagonist of the second season. Scar was once the leader of the Lion Guard before Kion and also had the Roar of the Elders, but the power went to his head and he began to believe that he should be king instead of Mufasa. He lost the Roar after he used it to destroy his fellow Lion Guard members when they refused to help him overthrow Mufasa. Later in life, he orchestrated his brother's death with the help of his hyena henchmen Shenzi, Banzai and Ed. After being defeated by Simba in a vicious fight, he was eaten alive by Shenzi, Banzai, Ed, and their fellow hyenas when he tried to pin the blame of Mufasa's death on them. By the end of The Rise of Scar, Kion unintentionally makes Scar come back as a fiery spirit after he uses the Roar in anger. Scar then enlists the help of Janja's clan and Ushari to get revenge on Simba.
The Outsiders – A group of lions that were loyal to Scar. After a failed takeover following Scar's death, Simba banished them to the Outlands where they tried to invade the territory that Jasiri's clan lives in. Kion defeated them with the Roar of the Elders which sent them flying to the Outlands' termite mound area.

Zira (voiced by Nika Futterman) – A lioness who is the mother of Kovu, Nuka and Vitani and the leader of the Outsiders. She was a loyal follower and close ally of Scar. After a failed takeover following Scar's death, Zira and those involved were banished to the Outlands with her family by Simba.
Kovu (voiced by Jason Marsden) – A lion cub who is the chosen successor of Scar, Zira's youngest son and the younger brother of Nuka and Vitani. Prior to the series, he briefly befriended Kiara. Marsden previously voiced adolescent Kovu in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride.
Nuka (voiced by Andy Dick) – An adolescent lion who is the oldest son of Zira, the older brother of Kovu and Vitani, and a member of the Outsiders. Dick reprises his role from Simba's Pride.
Vitani (voiced by Lacey Chabert) – A lion cub who is Zira's daughter and the sister of Nuka and Kovu. Chabert reprises her role from Simba's Pride.

text: Supporting characters

text:
Tiifu (voiced by Sarah Hyland[10]) – A lioness friend of Kiara's who is somewhat more sensible than her constant companion Zuri.
Zuri (voiced by Madison Pettis[10]) – Another lioness friend of Kiara's who is somewhat vain and hates getting dirty.
Jasiri's Clan – A clan of spotted hyenas who live in the Outlands and respect the Circle of Life. Unlike Janja's clan, Jasiri and her hyena clan respect the Circle of Life and mostly scavenge for food.

Jasiri (voiced by Maia Mitchell[5]) – A friendly female spotted hyena living in the Outlands who allies with Kion.
Madoa (voiced by Maisie Klompus) – A spotted hyena who is Jasiri's sister and is part of her clan.
Tunu (voiced by Crimson Hart) – A spotted hyena cub and brother of Wema who is part of Jasiri's clan.
Wema (voiced by Fiona Hart) – A spotted hyena cub and sister of Tunu who is part of Jasiri's clan.

Makuu (voiced by Blair Underwood) – An arrogant and hot-headed Nile crocodile who is the leader of his float after he defeated Pua in a "mashindano." In the first season, Makuu and his float antagonized the Lion Guard and caused trouble. In season 2, Makuu has reformed from his trouble-making ways as he works to become a better leader for his float and the Pride Lands.
Makini (voiced by Landry Bender) – A young mandrill who becomes Rafiki's apprentice. She is one of a few characters who knows that Kion speaks to the spirit of Mufasa.
Big Baboon (voiced by Ford Riley in Return of the Roar, Dee Bradley Baker in later appearances) – An olive baboon who is the leader of a baboon troop in Nyani Grove.

Gumba (voiced by Jacquez Swanigan) – A young olive baboon who is a part of Big Baboon's troop.

Basi (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) – A hippopotamus who is Beshte's father and leader of a hippopotamus pod.
Pua (voiced by Gerald C. Rivers) – The former leader of the local Nile crocodile float. He was challenged by Makuu to a "mashindano" (a fight for dominance in the crocodile float where the winner becomes the new leader of the crocodile float and the loser has to leave the float). Upon being defeated by Makuu, Pua left the float.
Thurston (voiced by Kevin Schon) – A handsome yet dimwitted plains zebra who is the leader of his herd.

Kwato (voiced by Lyons Luke Mathias) – A young plains zebra foal who is part of Thurston's herd.

Mbeya (voiced by Howy Parkins) – An old black rhinoceros who is the leader of a black rhinoceros crash.
Ma Tembo (voiced by Lynette DuPree) – An African bush elephant with a broken right tusk who is the daughter of Amanifu, an old friend of Simba's who passes away early in the series. She and her elephant herd reside in Kilio Valley.

Mtoto (voiced by Justin Felbinger) – A young African bush elephant calf who is part of Ma Tembo's herd.
Mtoto’s mom (voiced by Virginia Watson) – An African bush elephant who is part of Ma Tembo’s herd.
Zito (voiced by Nick Watt) – An African bush elephant who is part of Ma Tembo's herd.
Johari (voiced by Ace Gibson) – An African bush elephant who is part of Ma Tembo’s herd.

Twiga (voiced by Alex Cartana) – A Masai giraffe who is the leader of her giraffe herd.

Juhudi (voiced by Ivy Bishop) – A young Masai giraffe calf who is Twiga's daughter.
Shingo (voiced by Phil LaMarr) – A Masai giraffe who is part of Twiga's herd.

Mbuni (voiced by Russi Taylor) – A cheerful ostrich who is the leader of her flock.
Muhanga (voiced by Russi Taylor) – An aardvark.
Muhangus (voiced by Khary Payton) – An aardvark who is Muhanga's mate.
Kambuni (voiced by Mckenna Grace) – A young ostrich chick.
Shauku (voiced by Jacob Guenther) – A young banded mongoose pup.
Tamaa (voiced by CJ Byrnes) – A greater racket-tailed drongo who can imitate the voice of any animal.
Muhimu (voiced by Kari Wahlgren in the US version, Emma Bunton in the UK version[12]) – A plains zebra who is the leader of a herd of zebras that the Lion Guard leads to Mbali Fields.

Hamu (voiced by Lyons Luke Mathias) – A young plains zebra foal who is Muhimu's son. Shortly after being born, he helped the Lion Guard fend off Janja, Cheezi and Chungu.

Swala (voiced by Tunisia Hardison) – A Thomson's gazelle who is the leader of her herd that the Lion Guard leads to Mbali Fields.
Ajabu (voiced by Ron Funches) – An okapi who travels to the Pride Lands to get away from Makucha.
Aardwolf Pack – A pack of aardwolves that live in the Pride Lands and only come out at night. The Lion Guard accidentally mistook them for hyenas until Kion cleared things up and fended off Reirei and Goigoi. The aardwolves are known for keeping the termite population down.

Mjomba (voiced by Charlie Adler) – A grumpy and impatient aardwolf.
Ogopa (voiced by Marieve Herington) – A bright and bubbly aardwolf.
Haya (voiced by Ogie Banks) – A nervous and shy aardwolf.

Laini (voiced by Meghan Strange) – A galago who is the seemingly leader of her group.
Badilli (voiced by Jack McBrayer) – A friendly cream-colored African leopard from Mirihi Forest in the Back Lands who was driven out of his territory by Mapigano. The Lion Guard had to train him to have enough courage to drive off Mapigano.
Vuruga Vuruga (voiced by Virginia Watson) – An African buffalo who is the leader of her herd. Kiara once presided over their Royal Buffalo Wallow.
Young Rhino (voiced by Kari Wahlgren) – A young black rhinoceros calf.
King Sokwe (voiced by John Rhys-Davies) – A mountain gorilla king who is Majinuni and Hafifu's father. He and his troop of mountain gorillas live in the Theluji Mountains.

Hafifu and Majinuni (voiced by Phil Lester and Dan Howell) – Two mountain gorilla princes and sons of King Sokwe who come to the Pride Lands to deliver a message to Simba.

Hadithi (voiced by John O'Hurley) – A legendary African hawk-eagle who faked having invented the Hadithi Spin.
Bupu (voiced by Michael Dorn) – A stubborn sable antelope who is the leader of his herd.

Boboka (voiced by Erica Luttrell) – A sable antelope who is part of Bupu's herd.

Chura (voiced by Kari Wahlgren) – An African toad.
Kifaru (voiced by Maurice LaMarche) – A poor-sighted white rhinoceros.

Mwenzi (voiced by Rhys Darby) – A red-billed oxpecker who is Kifaru's tickbird and best friend.

Uroho (voiced by Sinbad) – A yellow baboon who is the leader of the Traveling Baboon Show. He and his fellow baboon performers Mwevi and Mwizi stole food from around the Pride Lands, but later saw the error of their ways when the Lion Guard saved them from Janja's clan.

Mwevi and Mwizi (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) – Two yellow baboons who are members of the Traveling Baboon Show.

Kulinda (voiced by Elise Allen) – A hamerkop who leaves her egg in Ono's nest while she builds a new nest that is safe from predators. She later names her baby Ona, in honor of Ono.
Tumbili (voiced by Ace Gibson) - A Zanzibar red colobus who is the leader of his troop. He grew tired of Furaha's antics and sent him away.
Chama (voiced by Jacob Bertrand) - A young fun-loving African bush elephant who used to be part of Ma Tembo's herd. He, Mzaha, and Furaha are best friends and currently share a tree together near Big Springs.
Mzaha (voiced by Cade Sutton) - A young fun-loving sable antelope who used to be part of Bupu's herd.
Furaha (voiced by Mekai Curtis) - A young fun-loving Zanzibar red colobus who used to be part of Tumbili's troop.

text: Antagonists

text:
Janja's Clan – A clan of male spotted hyenas that live in the Outlands and do not respect the Circle of Life.

Janja (voiced by Andrew Kishino) – A cunning and ruthless spotted hyena who is the leader of the clan, and one of the main antagonists of the series.
Cheezi (voiced by Vargus Mason) – An excitable spotted hyena and one of Janja's henchmen.
Chungu (voiced by Kevin Schon) – An unintelligent spotted hyena with a slightly heavier build than the other hyenas.
Nne (voiced by Beau Black) – A sly and stout, but smart spotted hyena.
Tano (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) – A devious and sloping but smart spotted hyena.

Mzingo's Committee – A committee of white-backed vultures that live in the Outlands and is allied with Janja's clan.

Mzingo (voiced by Greg Ellis) – A calculative white-backed vulture who is the leader of his committee. He sometimes serves as Janja's spy and scout.
Mwoga (voiced by Cam Clarke) – A foolish and devious white-backed vulture who is a member of the committee.

Ushari (voiced by Christian Slater) – An Egyptian cobra who often conflicts with Bunga and is often falling victim to some antics when the Lion Guard are near. In The Rise of Scar, Ushari finally gets fed up with the Lion Guard's antics and tells Janja about how Kion talks with Mufasa's spirit which leads to the two of them orchestrating events that enable them to summon Scar's spirit.
Reirei's Pack – A pack of black-backed jackals that live in the Outlands.

Reirei (voiced by Ana Gasteyer) – A clever and manipulative black-backed jackal who is the leader of the pack.
Goigoi (voiced by Phil LaMarr) – A greedy and dimwitted black-backed jackal who is Reirei's mate.
Dogo (voiced by Jacob Guenther) – A black-backed jackal pup who is one of Reirei and Goigoi's sons. He has blue eyes compared to the other pups who have brown eyes.
Kijana (voiced by Amber Hood) – A black-backed jackal pup who is Reirei and Goigoi's daughter and Dogo's sister.

Makucha (voiced by Steven Blum) – A cream-colored African leopard who tracks Ajabu to the Pride Lands since okapis are rare creatures.
Mapigano (voiced by Jorge Diaz) – A cream-colored African leopard who bullied Badilli upon invading his territory in Mirihi Forest in the Back Lands.
Mpishi (voiced by Carla Hall) – An African harrier-hawk who travels to the Pride Lands looking for a rare meal. She once teamed with Mwoga to target Kulinda's newly-hatched chick.
Shupavu's Group – A group of skinks who are friends with Ushari, serving as his spies in the Pride Lands.

Shupavu (voiced by Meghan Strange) – A sneaky, skeptical skink who is the leader of her group. She dislikes being close to Pride Rock.
Nyeusi (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) – A stealthy skink that works with Shupavu.

Kiburi's Float – Former members of Makuu's float who were kicked out and banished from the Pride Lands for their treachery towards Makuu and Simba.

Kiburi (voiced by Common) – An arrogant Nile crocodile who was part of Makuu's float. He and his followers defied Makuu's orders which led to them working with Ushari. While Kiburi challenged Makuu to a "mashindano," his three followers tried to attack Simba from behind only for the Lion Guard to intervene. Kiburi and his followers were kicked out of Makuu's float upon his loss and were exiled to the Outlands by Simba, with Kiburi vowing to have his revenge someday. Upon running into Ushari again, Kiburi and his followers were led to where Scar's spirit is and formed an alliance with him.
Tamka (voiced by Nolan North) – An overconfident and unintelligent Nile crocodile who is one of Kiburi's followers.

Kenge (voiced by Kristofer Hivju) – An enormous and ferocious rock monitor, and acquaintance of Ushari who hates being called "little". His venomous bite induces temporary paralysis.

text: Production

text: The series was announced by Disney on June 9, 2014, on the run up to the first film's 20th anniversary. Disney Junior general manager Nancy Kanter stated: "It's kind of like The Lion King meets The Avengers."[13] The series' announcement came after a meeting between Kanter and Disney chief executive Robert Iger. Iger suggested to Kanter that Disney Junior should consider producing content to celebrate the 20th anniversary of The Lion King in 2014. Disney had shown early footage to young test audiences, who were able to make suggestions, such as adjusting the look of the hyenas.[14] Disney Consumer Products launched a line of toys to tie into the television series, as well at book titles based on the series such as Return of the Roar, Can't Wait to be Queen, Bunga the Wise, Meet the New Guard, Fuli Finds Her Place, Join the Lion Guard! and Kion's Animal Alphabet.[15] A sneak peek of The Lion Guard was shown at the 2015 D23 Expo.[16] On August 12, 2015, a sneak peek was shown, with new information that the television movie was scheduled to air in November 2015 to be titled The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar.[17] On October 9, 2015, it was announced that Return of the Roar would premiere on November 22, 2015, on Disney Channel.[4]

text: On coming up with the idea, the series' creator Ford Riley stated that at the end of The Lion King "[W]e see Simba and Nala as king and queen and Rafiki’s holding up the cub. In Lion King 2, [we learn] that is Kiara the cub and she’s going to grow up to become queen. I’ve got two kids, and usually stories are about the oldest child or an only child. I was really interested in a second born cub. What would his role be if Kiara’s gonna grow up to be queen?" Riley explained that he was inspired by his 8-year-old son. "Every Thursday he and his buddies go to the park and they have this imaginary superhero team and they have all these imaginary adventures. That’s when it hit me. Let’s have a group of superheroes in the Pride Lands – The Avengers meets The Lion King!"[6]

text: When asked where the show fits into the timeline, Riley explained that in The Lion King 2; "Kiara meets Kovu and they get into trouble. The very next scene, Kiara is fully grown and off on her first hunt. Clearly there’s a few years gap in there, so we’re filling that gap with The Lion Guard."[6]

text: When choosing the members of the team, Riley stated "The qualities came first. If we’re going to have this superhero team, we want them to be fierce and brave and strong and fast and keen of sight. Those are the qualities of our five animals in the Lion Guard... [T]he lion is going to be the fiercest. The bravest is the honey badger, hippo the strongest, cheetah the fastest, and the egret – egrets have sort of binocular vision which gives them depth perception which most birds who have eyes on either side of their head don’t, so Ono our egret is the keenest of sight. They’re the best of the best within the Pride Lands."[6]

text: Riley also noted the inclusion of Swahili into the series; "[I]t’s one of those things that struck me about The Lion King that there’s all these Swahili phrases... I wanted to have that element in the series as well, so we’ve actually hired Sarah Mirza, who literally wrote the book on English-Swahili translations. We’ve been using Swahili not just in names of characters and places but also in the language of the show itself. Like ‘Zuka zama’ which is Bunga’s catchphrase and ‘Sisi Ni Sawa’ song. All of the characters have catchphrases which mean real things in Swahili."[6]

text: In terms of giving The Lion Guard the same look as the original film, director Howy Parkins stated: "[W]e were very mindful to hold the essence of The Lion King, through the look of the background environments to the actual characters. We did extensive research and were also able to obtain some original model sheets... The challenge with The Lion Guard was capturing the stunning beauty and look of The Lion King, so when one of my friends, Barry Atkinson, who worked on The Lion King as a background painter, became available, we brought him in. He shared a lot of insight when it came time to look at examples that the new backgrounds artists had done. Then another friend of mine, Mike Surrey, came in to talk to the animators and the storyboard artists. He was the animation supervising director on Timon on The Lion King. So we've pulled in some favors."[18]

text: Speaking on the show's educational aspect and tone, Parkins said: "We have multiple characters and stories to tell, so we've used the Circle of Life as sort of a nice story arc to the entire series as well as the feature. For the research we've done, we've been able to take facts about the animals in the Serengeti and some of the habitat information and either work them into the stories or create entire stories based on an actual fact. Without being overly educational, we are very educational. It's been a fun thing to run with through the entire storytelling process... [W]e have to be mindful of the two to seven audience. We have the music, the chase sequences, a lot of comic relief, as well as our villains, so there will be some dark moments. But we tend to pull back a little more than they did on the original movie or on a movie, for example, like Finding Nemo."[18]

text: Episodes

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

Pilot
November 22, 2015 (2015-11-22)

1
26
January 15, 2016 (2016-01-15)
April 21, 2017 (2017-04-21)

2
26
July 7, 2017 (2017-07-07)
TBA

text: Spin-off

text: A short-form series called It's UnBungalievable starring Bunga and Ono premiered on Disney Junior and Disneynature on January 9, 2016. In the series, Bunga and Ono pick two animals to compete in contests such as "Who's Quicker?" "Who Has Better Hair?" and "Who's Hungrier?" The series features live-action animal footage provided by Disneynature.[19]

text:
"Who's Quicker?"
"Who's Mightier?"
"Who Has Better Hair?"
"Who's Hungrier?"
"Who's the Better Babysitter?"
"Who's Cuter?"
"Who's Sillier?"
"Who's Louder?"
"Who's Brainier?"
"Who's a Better Flyer?"

text: Broadcast

text: Like its American counterpart, Return of the Roar premiered on November 22, 2015, on Disney Channel in Canada, while the series premiered on January 17, 2016, on Disney Junior, two days after its American premiere.[20][21] In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Return of the Roar premiered on Disney Junior on February 8, 2016, while the series premiered on April 13, 2016.[22][23] In Australia and New Zealand, the pilot debuted on February 6, 2016, and the series began airing on February 28 on Disney Junior.[24] In Southeast Asia, Return of the Roar premiered on March 20, 2016, on Disney Channel (April 11, 2016, on Disney Junior) and the series premiered on April 17, 2016, on Disney Junior block in Disney Channel.[25][26] It aired in TVNZ in New Zealand and 7flix in Australia.

text: Home media

text: DVD releases

text: Distributed by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.

text:
Title
Release Date
Episodes
Additional Features

The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar[27]
February 23, 2016
Television movie
Music video of Beau Black performing "Here Comes the Lion Guard."
Talking Lion Guard Backpack Clip

The Lion Guard: Unleash the Power[28]
September 20, 2016

"Fuli's New Family" (Season 1, Episode 7)
"Bunga the Wise" (Season 1, Episode 3)
"Eye of the Beholder" (Season 1, Episode 5)
"Follow That Hippo!" (Season 1, Episode 9)
"The Search for Utamu" (Season 1, Episode 8)
"Never Judge a Hyena by Its Spots" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Lion Guard Power Necklace

The Lion Guard: Life in the Pride Lands[29]
January 10, 2017

"The Rise of Makuu" (Season 1, Episode 2)
"The Kupatana Celebration" (Season 1, Episode 6)
"Bunga and the King" (Season 1, Episode 13)
"Never Roar Again" (Season 1, Episode 21)
"The Imaginary Okapi" (Season 1, Episode 14)

Music videos: "A Trail to Hope", "Teke Ruka Teleza"
It's UnBungalievable shorts
Five Lion Guard Wristbands

The Lion Guard: The Rise of Scar[30]
January 9, 2018
Television movie
TBA

text: Soundtracks

text:
The Lion Guard (Music from the TV Series)

Soundtrack album by Various artists

Released
January 8, 2016

Genre
Children, pop, world, soundtrack

Length
34:43

Label
Walt Disney

text:
The Lion Guard (Music from the TV Series)[31]

No.
Title
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Call of the Guard (The Lion Guard Theme)"
The Lion Guard Chorus
1:03

2.
"A Beautiful Day (Ni Siku Nzuri)"
Beau Black
2:16

3.
"Zuka Zama"
Bunga
1:57

4.
"Tonight We Strike"
Janja, Mzingo & Hyenas
1:56

5.
"Kion's Lament"
Kion
3:24

6.
"Here Comes the Lion Guard"
Beau Black
2:28

7.
"We're the Same (Sisi Ni Sawa)"
Kion & Jasiri
2:33

8.
"Outta the Way"
Janja, Cheezi & Chungu
2:00

9.
"Duties of the King"
Simba & Zazu
2:01

10.
"Bunga the Wise"
Timon, Pumbaa & Bunga
1:41

11.
"My Own Way"
Fuli
2:18

12.
"Jackal Style"
Reirei
2:10

13.
"Panic and Run"
Janja, Cheezi, & Chungu
1:34

14.
"It Is Time"
Beau Black
3:01

15.
"Call of the Guard (Full Version)"
The Lion Guard Chorus
4:21

Total length:
34:43

text: There is a new soundtrack release untitled The Lion Guard: Disney Junior Music that is digital only that came out September 1, 2017


document_title: You Don't Know What Love Is

question_text: who wrote you don't know what love is

question_tokens: who wrote you do n 't know what love is

text: You Don't Know What Love Is

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
"You Don't Know What Love Is"SongWritten
1941Composer(s)
Gene de PaulLyricist(s)
Don Raye

text: "You Don't Know What Love Is" is a popular song of the Great American Songbook, written by Don Raye (lyrics) and Gene de Paul (music) for the Abbott and Costello picture Keep 'Em Flying (1941), in which it was sung by Carol Bruce. The number was deleted from the film prior to release. Universal later added the song into the Raye/de Paul score of one of its B musicals, the 60-minute Behind the Eight Ball (1942), starring the Ritz Brothers and re-teaming Carol Bruce and Dick Foran from "Keep 'Em Flying". "You Don't Know What Love Is" was again sung by Carol Bruce; it was her third and final film until the 1980s.[1]

text: After Miles Davis recorded the song in the 1950s, it became a jazz standard, with noteworthy recordings by Billie Holiday, Sonny Rollins and many others.[1]

text: Notable recordings[edit]

text:
Sortable table

Date

Main recording artist

Featured vocalists(or instrumental)

Album title, notes

1941
Earl Hines and His Orchestra feat. Billy Eckstine
Billy Eckstine

1941
Ella Fitzgerald
Ella Fitzgerald
10" shellac single (Decca)

1941
Harry James  and His Orchestra
Dick Haymes
10" shellac single (Columbia)[2]

1945
Billy Eckstine Orchestra
Billy Eckstine

1952
Billy Eckstine with the MGM Orchestra
Billy Eckstine

1949-54
Teddi King
(instrumental)
In the Beginning, 1949–1954 (compilation, 2000)

1954
Miles Davis All Stars
(instrumental)
Walkin'

1955
Chet Baker (Quartet)
Chet Baker
Chet Baker Sings and Plays

1955
Dinah Washington
Dinah Washington
For Those in Love with a septet arranged by Quincy Jones

1956
J.J. Johnson & Kai Winding
(instrumental)
Jay and Kai + 6: The Jay and Kai Trombone Octet

1956
Anita O'Day
Anita O'Day
An Evening with Anita O'Day with a quartet

1956
Sonny Rollins (Quartet)
(instrumental)
Saxophone Colossus, a hard bop classic

1956

George Shearing Quintet

(instrumental)

Black Satin (Capitol)

1957
Dick Haymes with orchestra cond. by Ian Bernard
Dick Haymes
Moondreams (Capitol), The Complete Capitol Collection (2006)

1957
Specs Powell and Co.
(instrumental)
Movin In, big band arranged by Ray Copeland

1958
Billie Holiday with orch. led by Ray Ellis
Billie Holiday
Lady in Satin, arrangements by Ellis

1958
Patti Page
Patti Page
The Waltz Queen (1958 version).[3]

1959
Chris Connor
Chris Connor
Witchcraft

1959
Andy Williams
Andy Williams
Lonely Street

1960
Linda Lawson
Linda Lawson
Introducing Linda Lawson

1960
Helen Merrill
Helen Merrill
Parole e musica

1960
Mal Waldron
(instrumental)
Left Alone

1960
Lennie Tristano
(instrumental)
The New Tristano

1961
Art Blakey & The Jazz Messengers
(instrumental)
Art Blakey!!!!! Jazz Messengers!!!!!

1961
Eric Dolphy
(instrumental)
The Latin Jazz Quintet

1962
John Coltrane
(instrumental)
Ballads

1962
Nancy Wilson
Nancy Wilson
Hello Young Lovers

1961
Marvin Gaye
Marvin Gaye
The Soulful Moods of Marvin Gaye

1964
Eric Dolphy
(instrumental)
Last Date

1965
Lennie Tristano
(instrumental)
Concert in Copenhagen (released 1998)

1966
Booker Ervin
(instrumental)
Heavy!!!

1966
Eric Kloss
(instrumental)
Grits & Gravy

1968
Lee Konitz with Joe Henderson
(instrumental)
Duets

1969
Larry Coryell
(instrumental)
Lady Coryell

1977
Tony Bennett with Bill Evans
Tony Bennett
Together Again

1989
George Benson
George Benson
Tenderly

1989
June Tabor
June Tabor
Some Other Time

1990
Pharoah Sanders
(instrumental)
Welcome To Love

1991
Roy Hargrove
(instrumental)
Public Eye

1991
Wynton Marsalis
(instrumental)
Standard Time, Vol. 2: Intimacy Calling

1992
Chuck Brown (and Eva Cassidy)
Chuck Brown
The Other Side

1993
Giorgia Todrani
Giorgia Todrani
Natural Woman (Live in Rome)

1993
Cassandra Wilson
Cassandra Wilson
Blue Light 'til Dawn

1994
Keith Jarrett (Standards Trio)
(instrumental)
Keith Jarrett at the Blue Note, paired with his own composition "Muezzin"

1995
Rachelle Ferrell
Rachelle Ferrell
First Instrument

1997
Miki Howard
Miki Howard
Can't Count Me Out

1999
Etta James
Etta James
Heart of a Woman

2000
John Martyn
John Martyn
Glasgow Walker

2001
Kurt Elling
Kurt Elling
Flirting with Twilight

2002
The Czars
John Grant
X Would Rather Listen to Y Than Suffer Through a Whole C of Z's (EP)

2002
Jimmy Scott
Jimmy Scott
But Beautiful

2003
Eyran Katsenelenbogen
Eyran Katsenelenbogen
It's Reigning Kats & Dogs & Bogen

2003
Chucho Valdés
(instrumental)
New Conceptions

2009
Diamanda Galás
Diamanda Galás
You Don't Know What Love Is

2011
John Scofield (Quartet)
(instrumental)
A Moment's Peace

2011
Wily Bo Walker Quintet feat. Teddy Charles
Wily Bo Walker
You Don't Know What Love Is

2013
Eliane Elias
Eliane Elias
I Thought About You

2014
Curtis Stigers
Curtis Stigers
Hooray for Love

2014
Andrew Cohen feat. Joan Osborne
Joan Osborne
Rite of Passage

text: Further reading[edit]

text: Hischak, Thomas S. The Tin Pan Alley Song Encyclopedia, Greenwood Press, 2002. ISBN 0313319928


document_title: Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)

question_text: how many books are there in the diary of a wimpy kid series

text: Diary of a Wimpy Kid (book series)

text: Background[edit]

text: In January 1998, Diary of a Wimpy Kid officially began, when Kinney brought up an idea about a middle-school weakling named Greg Heffley, who wrote about his personal life. In May 2004, FunBrain and Kinney released an online version of Diary of a Wimpy Kid. The website made daily entries until June 2005.[5] He worked on his book for almost eight years, before showing it to a publisher in New York.

text: In February 2006, during the New York Comic Con, Jeff signed a multi book deal with publisher Harry N. Abrams, Inc., to turn Diary of a Wimpy Kid into a print series.[6]

text: The book became an instant hit, and the online version received about 20 million views as of 2009; many online readers requested a printed version. Kinney had agreed, and in April 2007, Diary of a Wimpy Kid was published.[5] To date, twelve Wimpy Kid books have been released, plus two do-it-yourself books and three movie diaries. In April 2009, TIME named Kinney one of The World's Most Influential People.[7]

text: Chronology[edit]

text:
#
Title
Date
ISBN

1
Diary of a Wimpy Kid
April 1, 2007
ISBN 978-0-8109-9313-6

The introduction to the series introduces the protagonist, Greg Heffley, his best friend Rowley, his middle school problems, Halloween, and the Cheese Touch.

2
Rodrick Rules
February 1, 2008
ISBN 978-0-8109-9473-7

Greg must stop Rodrick from revealing the secrets that had happened last summer.

3
The Last Straw
January 13, 2009
ISBN 978-0-8109-7068-7

When Greg's father threatens to send Greg to a military academy, Greg must find a way to stop this from happening.

4
Dog Days
October 12, 2009
ISBN 978-0-8109-8391-5

Summer is here, but when the family has not that much money to go to the beach (money is tight at that time), it might not be the best summer ever.

5
The Ugly Truth
November 9, 2010
ISBN 978-0-8109-8491-2

Greg is growing up, and he will have to face the challenges of this period (like changing dentists, and a school lock-in).

6
Cabin Fever
November 15, 2011
ISBN 978-1-4197-0223-5

The family is stranded in the house as snow begins to fall.

7
The Third Wheel
November 13, 2012
ISBN 978-1-4197-0584-7

The Valentine's Day dance is coming up, and Greg has no one go with. But when Michael Sampson (Abigail's date. He actually lied to her) will not be going, things turn around.

8
Hard Luck
November 5, 2013
ISBN 978-1-4197-1132-9

Greg's friend count is dropping as Rowley now has a girlfriend, named Abigail (continuing the last book).

9
The Long Haul
November 4, 2014
ISBN 978-1-4197-1189-3

This is the family's second summer trip, but instead, it's a road trip. But with the Heffleys, you know what to expect from this disaster.

10
Old School
November 3, 2015
ISBN 978-1-4197-1701-7

The neighborhood is going to cut electricity for the weekend, and as the family's car has a fender bender, it forces Greg to go to the farm trip. Will Greg survive the electricity-free days?

11
Double Down
November 1, 2016
ISBN 978-1-4197-2344-5

Greg's mom wants him to do something else than video games, so he makes a movie in collaboration with Rowley and joins the music program.

12
The Getaway
November 7, 2017
ISBN 978-1-4197-2545-6

Instead of celebrating the holidays at home, Greg and his family head on an tropical vacation to a resort. But what first starts as an relaxing trip, later turns into a Christmas nightmare. Will Greg be able to turn this vacation around?

text: Supplementary books[edit]

text:
Diary of a Wimpy Kid Do-It-Yourself Book (published between Rodrick Rules and The Last Straw) is an activity book that features a blank section encouraging readers to keep their own journal in the style of the books.
The Wimpy Kid Do-It-Yourself Book: Extended Edition (published after Wimpy Kid Movie Diary 2 and before Cabin Fever) is the same book as the first Do-It-Yourself Book, but with extra 60 pages and 16 more full-color comics.
The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary is a book about the making of the first film, which features stills and brand-new illustrations. Jeff Kinney dedicated the book to the film's main stars, Zachary Gordon and Robert Capron.
The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary 2: Rodrick Rules is the same informative book which has the features from the first film, but it also features stills from the second film Rodrick Rules, more new illustrations, and informs readers how the second film was made.[verification needed]
The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary 3: Dog Days is the same book that covers how the first film and second film were made, but also stills from the third film Dog Days, and how this film was made.[verification needed]
The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary: The Next Chapter covers how the film The Long Haul was made. It is dedicated to Jason Drucker, the actor who played Greg in that movie.[8]

text: Toys and games[edit]

text: Action figures included a minifigure pack (with Greg, Rowley, and Fregley), a 6-inch Greg Heffley figure, a 6-inch holiday figure based on Cabin Fever, and a Greg and Rodrick plush doll.

text: Audiobooks[edit]

text: Eleven audiobooks have been released for the Diary of a Wimpy Kid series. The first six are read by Ramon de Ocampo and Dan Russell from number seven. They are presented by Recorded Books and distributed by Audible Inc.

text:
Diary of a Wimpy Kid (April 1, 2007)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules (February 1, 2008)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Last Straw (January 13, 2009)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Dog Days (October 12, 2009)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Ugly Truth (November 9, 2010)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever (November 15, 2011)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Third Wheel (November 13, 2012)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Hard Luck (November 5, 2013)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul (November 4, 2014)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Old School (November 3, 2015)
Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Double Down (November 1, 2016)

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Greg Heffley is a wimpy student, who is the main character and narrator of the series.
Rowley Jefferson is Greg's childish best friend.
Rodrick Heffley is Greg and Manny's older brother, who is rude, and the drummer in his self-titled band, Löded Diper. He usually is noted for playing tricks on Greg.
Manny Heffley is Greg and Rodrick's spoiled younger brother, who is known to be a tattletale.
Susan Heffley is Greg's mother. She often embarrasses Greg.
Frank Heffley is Greg's father. He always wants Greg to do sports and "to become a man," and doesn't like giving up.
Gramma is Greg's grandmother on his mother's side.
Fregley is Greg's weird neighbor and classmate.
Chirag Gupta is one of Greg's friends whom he once played a trick on, pretending Chirag to have been invisible, then later pretended he was going deaf.
Holly Hills is Greg's crush, who once thought he was "Fregley."
Heather Hills is Holly's sister, and was Greg and Rodrick's crush.
Sweetheart otherwise known as Sweetie is the name given to the Heffleys' dog who Greg's dad buys in Dog Days. Later on, they give him to Greg's grandmother who spoils him and when he appears in later books, he is said to be very overweight.
The Heffleys' Pig was won by Manny in The Long Haul . The pig displays high intelligence, and walks upright in a reference to Animal Farm.
Abigail Brown is Rowley's girlfriend in The Third Wheel and in Hard Luck for the majority of pages, however it is later revealed that Abigail only did it to make her previous boyfriend feel bad.
Meemaw is Greg's great-grandmother on his father's side (only in Hard Luck).
Gammie is Greg's great-grandmother on his father's side.
Vice Principal Roy The Vice Principal at Greg's school. He conducts most of the disciplinary action at his school.

text: Achievements[edit]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Result

#1 New York Times Best Seller (114 weeks)

Won

2008 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Book

2009 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
Nominated

ALA Notable Book

Won

2010 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Book[9]

2010 Most Favorite Book Around the World

2011 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Book

2012 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards

2013 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
Nominated

2014 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
Won

2015 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards

2016 Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards

text: Commercial success[edit]

text: Diary of a Wimpy Kid was well received from The Princeton Review, Gold Card Association, The Dallas News, The TRR Editors, The NW Press, and The JJ Printing Company. The New York Times, which ranks children's serials collectively on a "Series Books" bestseller list, has included the Wimpy Kid series for 64 weeks as of August 10, 2015.[10] USA Today, which ranks best sellers based on sales alone regardless of genre or intended audience, has listed Diary of a Wimpy Kid in its top 150, peaking at number 8, for 141 weeks as of April 4, 2010.

text: As of the same date, Rodrick Rules has been on the list for 117 weeks (peaking at number 4), The Last Straw has been on the list for 65 weeks (peaking at number 1), Dog Days has been on the list for all 25 weeks of its publication (peaking at number 1), and The Wimpy Kid Movie Diary has been listed for all three weeks of its publication, peaking at number 2.[11]

text: The series has sold over 194 million books [12][13][14] in more than 30 countries.[15] The series has also generated over $500 million in revenue.[16]

text: Films[edit]

text: This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2017)

text: Jeff Kinney announced that a film based on the first book would be produced by 20th Century Fox. The film was released on March 19, 2010, moved up from an April 2 release date.[17] It was directed by Thor Freudenthal, who also directed Hotel for Dogs. The film starred Zachary Gordon as Greg, Robert Capron as Rowley (Greg's best friend), Steve Zahn as Frank (Greg's father), Rachael Harris as Susan (Greg's mother), Devon Bostick as Rodrick (Greg's older brother), Connor and Owen Fielding as Manny (Greg's younger brother), Chloë Grace Moretz as a new character named Angie, and Grayson Russell as Fregley.[4][18]

text: There is a second film in the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series that was released on March 25, 2011,[19] which was based on the second book Rodrick Rules, with Zachary Gordon returning as Greg Heffley. Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Rodrick Rules was also filmed in Vancouver, BC, Canada. The film also contains some scenes from The Last Straw.

text: The third film combines the third and fourth books The Last Straw and Dog Days, taking stories from both, but mainly from Dog Days, from which it took its title. The decision to blend the two films was made to keep up with the ages of the actors. The film was released on August 3, 2012.[20]

text: The likelihood of a fourth live action film was slim. Kinney has announced the possibility for an animated film to be based on Diary of a Wimpy Kid: Cabin Fever as the next installment. In an interview for the latest book Hard Luck, Jeff Kinney stated he was working with Fox on a half-hour special of Cabin Fever, which was to be aired in late 2014,[21][22] but has since been delayed. In September 2016, Jeff Kinney announced officially the production of a fourth film, Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Long Haul, on his Twitter account.[23]

text: Musical[edit]

text: A musical titled Diary of a Wimpy Kid: The Musical is being produced by the Children's Theatre Company.[24]


document_title: Salzburger Emigrants

question_text: who were the salzburgers and why did they migrate to america

text: Salzburger Emigrants

text: This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (November 2015)

text: The Salzburger Emigrants are a group of German-speaking Protestant refugees that emigrated to Georgia in 1734 to escape religious persecution. This group was expelled by the Catholic Authorities in present-day Austria. Pastor Samuel Urlsperger, the leader of the Society for Promotion of Christian Knowledge, called upon King George II of England for help. The Lutheran King offered them refuge in his Georgia colony, which later became the town of Ebenezer.

text: In 1734, Johann Martin Boltzius and Israel Gronau led the group of 300 Salzburgers who sailed from England to Georgia. They arrived in Charleston, South Carolina on March 7, and proceeded to Savannah on March 12. James Oglethorpe, the founder of the Georgia colony, met them upon arrival and assigned them the piece of land that would become Ebenezer.[1]

text: The Salzburgers experienced several obstacles during this first attempt at fully establishing their community. Over 30 of the settlers died due to complications from dysentery and many newborn children died within the first month. The settlement was too far inland with little access to the waterways, rendering the land infertile. Until they could relocate, their alliance with the Trustees would result in enough financial support to sustain them. Boltzius knew that the Salzburgers would fail completely if they did not resettle the community.[2]

text: In 1736, their leader Boltzius was able to secure a new settlement after much negotiation with Oglethorpe. The Salzburgers resettled above the Savannah River and this community was referred to as New Ebenezer. By the end of 1737, the Salzburgers were able to establish legitimate farmsteads. In the next few years, they would create a water-driven grist mill in Georgia. Much of their success was still due in large part to support from the Trustees.[3]

text: Despite high death rates, the Salzburgers began to prosper by gradually transitioning their income methods from subsistence farming to silk and timber production, both of which were labor-intensive. In order for the Salzburgers to continue expanding, Boltzius and the Salzburger leaders introduced slaves. This action had been rigorously opposed by the Salzburgers since their arrival.[4] The Salzburgers succeeded at farming, specifically cattle breeding. The Salzburgers also established grist and saw mills, which helped them establish new sources of income through production and trade.[5]

text: By the mid-eighteenth century, the community expanded and new settlements began to form. The community grew to over 1,200 people. After the death of Boltzius in 1765, the Salzburger identity and traditions began to fade.[6] The Jerusalem Church is one of the only remaining remnants of the Salzburgers today. The church was completed in 1769 and is the oldest church building in the state that is still in use.[7]