document_title: To Kill a Mockingbird (film)

question_text: who played boo radley in to kill a mocking bird

text: To Kill a Mockingbird (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The film's young protagonists, Jean Louise "Scout" Finch (Mary Badham) and her brother Jeremy Atticus "Jem" Finch (Phillip Alford), live in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the early 1930s. The story covers three years, during which Scout and Jem undergo changes in their lives. They are innocent children, spending their days happily playing games with each other and spying on Arthur "Boo" Radley (Robert Duvall) who has not left his home for many years  and about whom many rumors circulate. Their widowed father, Atticus (Gregory Peck), is a town lawyer and has strong beliefs that all people are to be treated fairly, to turn the other cheek, and to stand for what you believe. He also allows his children to call him by his first name. Early in the film, the children see their father accept hickory nuts, and other produce, from Mr. Cunningham (Crahan Denton) for legal work because the client has no money.[4] Through their father's work as a lawyer, Scout and Jem begin to learn of the racism and evil in their town, aggravated by poverty; they mature quickly as they are exposed to it.

text: The local judge (Paul Fix) appoints Atticus to defend a black man, Tom Robinson (Brock Peters), against an accusation of rape of a white girl, Mayella Ewell (Collin Wilcox). Atticus accepts the case. Jem and Scout experience schoolyard taunts for their father's decision. Later, as Atticus is sitting in front of the local jail to safeguard Robinson, a lynch mob arrives, which includes Mr. Cunningham. Scout, Jem and their friend, Dill (John Megna), interrupt the confrontation. Scout, unaware of the mob's purpose, recognizes Cunningham as the man who paid her father in hickory nuts and tells him to say hello to his son, who is her schoolmate. Cunningham becomes embarrassed and the mob disperses.

text: At the trial, it is undisputed that Tom came to Mayella's home at her request to help with the chopping up of a chifforobe, and that Mayella showed signs of having been beaten around that time. Among Atticus' chief arguments is that Tom has a crippled left arm, yet the supposed rapist would have had to make extensive use of his left hand in assaulting Mayella before raping her. Atticus then points out that Mayella's father, Bob Ewell (James Anderson), is left handed, implying that he – rather than Tom – was the one who beat Mayella. Atticus also states that the girl had not been examined by a doctor to check for signs of rape after the supposed assault. In his closing argument Atticus asks the all-white male jury to cast aside their prejudices and instead focus on Tom's obvious innocence. In taking the stand in his own defense, Tom denies he attacked Mayella, but states she kissed him. He testifies he voluntarily assisted Mayella because "I felt sorry for her because…". Although Tom does not finish his sentence, the prosecutor (William Windom) hammers home the point that he was a black man feeling sorry for a white woman. In a town where whites are viewed as superior to blacks, Tom's sympathy for Mayella dooms his case, and he is found guilty.

text: As Atticus leaves the courtroom, the black spectators in the balcony rise to their feet as a sign of respect and appreciation. Reverend Sykes says to Scout, "Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passing." When Atticus arrives home, Sheriff Heck Tate (Frank Overton) tells him that Tom has been killed by a deputy during his transfer to prison. According to this deputy, Tom was trying to escape, "running like a crazy man" before he was shot. Atticus and Jem go to the Robinson family home to inform them of Tom's death. Bob Ewell, Mayella's father, appears and spits in Atticus' face while Jem waits in the car. Atticus wipes his face and leaves.

text: Autumn arrives, and Scout and Jem attend a nighttime Halloween pageant at their school. Scout wears a large hard-shelled ham costume, portraying one of Maycomb county's products. At some point during the pageant, Scout's dress and shoes are misplaced. She is forced to walk home without shoes, wearing her ham costume. While cutting through the woods, Scout and Jem are attacked by an unidentified man who has been following them. Scout's costume, like an awkward suit of armor, protects her from the attack but restricts her movement and severely restricts her vision. Jem is knocked unconscious and Scout escapes unharmed in a brief but violent struggle. Their attacker is thwarted and overcome by another unidentified man. Scout escapes her costume in time to see the second man carrying Jem to their home. Scout follows the stranger inside and runs into the arms of a concerned Atticus. Doc Reynolds comes over and treats the broken arm of an unconscious Jem.

text: When Sheriff Tate asks Scout what happened, she sees a man standing quietly in the corner behind the door of Jem's room. Atticus formally introduces Scout to Arthur Radley, whom she has known as Boo, the man who came to the aid of Jem and Scout in the woods. It is revealed that Boo had overpowered Bob Ewell  before carrying Jem home. The sheriff reports that Ewell was discovered dead at the scene of the attack with a knife in his ribs. Atticus assumes that Jem killed Ewell in self-defense. Sheriff Tate, however, believes that Boo killed Ewell in defense of the children, and he tells Atticus that to drag the shy and reserved Boo into the spotlight for his heroism would be "a sin". To protect Boo, Sheriff Tate suggests that Ewell "fell on his knife". Scout draws a startlingly precocious analogy, linking unwelcome public attention to Boo to the killing of a mockingbird.

text: Cast[edit]

text: In the order of the film's opening credits:

text:
Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch
John Megna as Charles Baker "Dill" Harris
Frank Overton as Sheriff Heck Tate
Rosemary Murphy as Miss Maudie Atkinson
Ruth White as Mrs Dubose
Brock Peters as Tom Robinson
Estelle Evans as Calpurnia
Paul Fix as Judge John Taylor
Collin Wilcox as Mayella Violet Ewell
James Anderson as Robert E. Lee "Bob" Ewell
Alice Ghostley as Miss Stephanie Crawford
Robert Duvall as Arthur "Boo" Radley
William Windom as Horace Gilmer, District Attorney
Crahan Denton as Walter Cunningham
Richard Hale as Nathan Radley
Mary Badham as Scout
Phillip Alford as Jem

text:
Kim Stanley as the narrator—the voice of adult Scout—"Maycomb was a tired old town – even in 1932 when I first knew it – that summer I was six years old."
Paulene Myers as Jessie, Mrs. Dubose's servant, sitting close to her on the Dubose porch.
Jamie Forster as Mr. Townsend, sitting on a bench, with three men, near the courthouse: "If you're lookin' for your daddy, he's inside the courthouse."
Steve Condit as Walter, Mr. Cunningham's son, at dinner with the Finch family: "Yes, sir. I don't know when I had roast. We been havin' squirrels and rabbits lately."
David Crawford as David, Tom Robinson's son, sitting on the steps to the Robinsons' shack: "Good evening."
Kim Hamilton as Helen, Tom Robinson's wife, inside the Robinsons' shack: "Good evening, Mr. Finch."
Dan White as the mob leader approaching as Atticus Finch sits in front of the jailhouse: "He in there, Mr. Finch?"
Kelly Thordsen as a heavyset member of the mob who grabs and picks up Jem: "Well, I'll send you home."
William "Bill" Walker as Reverend Sykes, at the courthouse for Tom Robinson's trial: "Miss Jean Louise? Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passin'."
Charles Fredericks as the court clerk at Tom Robinson's trial: "Place your hand on the bible, please. Do you solemnly swear to tell the truth...?"
Guy Wilkerson as the jury foreman at Tom Robinson's trial: We find the defendant guilty as charged."
Jay Sullivan as the court reporter at Tom Robinson's trial: "Yes."
Jester Hairston as Spence, Tom Robinson's father in front of the Robinsons' shack: "Hello Mr. Finch. I'm Spence, Tom's father."
Hugh Sanders as Doctor Reynolds, the town physician who examines Jem: "He's got a bad break, so far as I can tell. Somebody tried to wring his arm off."

text: Production[edit]

text: The producers had wanted to use Harper Lee's hometown of Monroeville, Alabama for the set. Harper Lee used her experiences as a child in Monroeville as the basis for the fictional town of Maycomb, so it seemed that would be the best place. However, the town had changed significantly between the 1920s and the early 1960s so they made the backlot in Hollywood instead.[5]

text: The Old Monroe County Courthouse in Monroeville was used as a model for the film set since they could not use the courthouse due to the poor audio quality in the courthouse. The accuracy of the recreated courthouse in Hollywood led many Alabamians to believe that the film was shot in Monroeville. The Old Courthouse in Monroe County is now a theater for many plays inspired by To Kill a Mockingbird as well as a museum dedicated to multiple authors from Monroeville.[6][7][8]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received widespread critical acclaim. As of July 2018, it maintains a 91% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 57 reviews.[9] According to Bosley Crowther:[10]

text: Horton Foote's script and the direction of Mr. Mulligan may not penetrate that deeply, but they do allow Mr. Peck and little Miss Badham and Master Alford to portray delightful characters. Their charming enactments of a father and his children in that close relationship, which can occur at only one brief period, are worth all the footage of the film. Rosemary Murphy as a neighbor, Brock Peters as the Negro on trial, and Frank Overton as a troubled sheriff are good as locality characters, too. James Anderson and Collin Wilcox as Southern bigots are almost caricatures. But those are minor shortcomings in a rewarding film.

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times criticized the film for focusing less on the blacks, denouncing the cliché of the honest, white man standing for a helpless black:[11]

text: It expresses the liberal pieties of a more innocent time, the early 1960s, and it goes very easy on the realities of small-town Alabama in the 1930s. One of the most dramatic scenes shows a lynch mob facing Atticus, who is all by himself on the jailhouse steps the night before Tom Robinson's trial. The mob is armed and prepared to break in and hang Robinson, but Scout bursts onto the scene, recognizes a poor farmer who has been befriended by her father, and shames him (and all the other men) into leaving. Her speech is a calculated strategic exercise, masked as the innocent words of a child; one shot of her eyes shows she realizes exactly what she's doing. Could a child turn away a lynch mob at that time, in that place? Isn't it nice to think so.

text: Walt Disney requested the film be privately screened in his house. At the film's conclusion, Disney sadly stated, "That was one hell of a picture. That's the kind of film I wish I could make."[12][13]

text: Gregory Peck[edit]

text:
Gregory Peck's performance became synonymous with the role and character of Atticus Finch. Producer Alan J. Pakula remembered hearing from Peck when he was first approached with the role: "He called back immediately. No maybes. […] I must say the man and the character he played were not unalike".[14] Peck later said in an interview that he was drawn to the role because the book reminded him of growing up in La Jolla, California.[15] "Hardly a day passes that I don't think how lucky I was to be cast in that film", Peck said in a 1997 interview. "I recently sat at a dinner next to a woman who saw it when she was 14-years-old, and she said it changed her life. I hear things like that all the time".[16]
The 1962 softcover edition of the novel opens:

text: Harper Lee, in liner notes written for the film's DVD re-release by Universal, wrote:

text: Upon Peck's death in 2003, Brock Peters, who played Tom Robinson in the film version, quoted Harper Lee at Peck's eulogy, saying, "Atticus Finch gave him an opportunity to play himself". Peters concluded his eulogy stating, "To my friend Gregory Peck, to my friend Atticus Finch, vaya con Dios".[18] Peters remembered the role of Tom Robinson when he recalled, "It certainly is one of my proudest achievements in life, one of the happiest participations in film or theater I have experienced".[19] Peters remained friends not only with Peck but with Mary Badham throughout his life.

text: Peck himself admitted that many people have reminded him of this film more than any other film he has ever done.[20]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: In 1995 To Kill a Mockingbird was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[21] It is also Robert Duvall's big-screen debut, as the misunderstood recluse Boo Radley. Duvall was cast on the recommendation of screenwriter Horton Foote, who met him at Neighborhood Playhouse in New York City where Duvall starred in a 1957 production of Foote's play, The Midnight Caller.[22]

text: The American Film Institute named Atticus Finch the greatest movie hero of the 20th century.[23] Additionally, the AFI ranked the movie second on their 100 Years... 100 Cheers list, behind It's a Wonderful Life.[24] The film was ranked number 34 on AFI's list of the 100 greatest movies of all time, but moved up to number 25 on the 10th Anniversary list.[25] In June 2008, the AFI revealed its "Ten top Ten"—the best ten films in ten "classic" American film genres—after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. To Kill a Mockingbird was acknowledged as the best film in the courtroom drama genre.[26]

text: In 2007 Hamilton was honored by the Harlem community for her part in the movie. She was the last surviving African-American adult who had a speaking part in the movie. When told of the award, she said, "I think it is terrific. I'm very pleased and very surprised".[27]

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #34
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
Atticus Finch – #1 Hero
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:
"Miss Jean Louise, stand up. Your father's passing." – Nominated[28]
"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view, until you climb inside of his skin and walk around in it." – Nominated[28]
AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – #17
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – #2
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies: 10th Anniversary Edition– #25
AFI's 10 Top 10 – #1 Courtroom Drama

text: Academy Awards[edit]

text: The film won three Academy Awards out of the eight for which it was nominated.[29]

text:
Academy Award for Best Actor — Gregory Peck (The award was presented to Peck by Sophia Loren)
Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay – Horton Foote
Academy Award for Best Art Direction – Set Decoration, Black-and-White — (Henry Bumstead, Alexander Golitzen, and Oliver Emert)

text: Other nominations were for

text:
Best Picture (Producer, Alan J. Pakula)
Best Director (Robert Mulligan)
Best Cinematography, Black-and-White (Russell Harlan),
Best Actress in a Supporting Role (Mary Badham)
Best Music, Score — Substantially Original (Elmer Bernstein)

text: Its main competition was Lawrence of Arabia, which won the Oscar for Best Picture, Best Director and Best Original Score. Peter O'Toole had been nominated for Best Actor for his performance as T. E. Lawrence, but Peck won for Mockingbird. The Longest Day claimed the award for Best Cinematography, while Patty Duke was awarded Best Supporting Actress for her work in The Miracle Worker.

text: Golden Globe Awards[edit]

text:
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama — Gregory Peck
Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score — Motion Picture — Elmer Bernstein
Golden Globe Award for Best Film Promoting International Understanding — To Kill a Mockingbird

text: Cannes Film Festival[edit]

text: The film was selected for the 1963 Cannes Film Festival in feature film category, winning the Gary Cooper Award.[30][31]

text: Music[edit]

text:
To Kill a Mockingbird
Soundtrack album by Elmer BernsteinReleased
Early April 1963[32]Recorded
August 1–2, 1996, City Halls, GlasgowLabel
Varèse Sarabande

text: Elmer Bernstein's score for To Kill a Mockingbird is regarded as one of the greatest film scores[33] and has been recorded three times. It was first released in April 1963 on Ava; then Bernstein re-recorded it in the 1970s for his Film Music Collection series; and finally, he recorded the complete score (below) in 1996 with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra for the Varese Sarabande Film Classics series.

text:
"Main Title" – 3:21
"Remember Mama" – 1:08
"Atticus Accepts The Case – Roll in the Tire" – 2:06
"Creepy Caper – Peek-A-Boo" – 4:10
"Ewell's Hatred" – 3:33
"Jem's Discovery" – 3:47
"Tree Treasure" – 4:23
"Lynch Mob" – 3:04
"Guilty Verdict" – 3:10
"Ewell Regret It" – 2:11
"Footsteps in the Dark" – 2:07
"Assault in the Shadows" – 2:28
"Boo Who" – 3:00
"End Title" – 3:25

tag: ol


document_title: Peyton Place (film)

question_text: where was the 1957 movie peyton place filmed

root

text: Peyton Place (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In April 1941, in the New England town of Peyton Place, drunkard Lucas Cross (Arthur Kennedy) stumbles out of his house, just as his step-son Paul, fed up with Lucas's alcoholism, leaves town. Lucas's downtrodden wife, Nellie (Betty Field), goes to work as the housekeeper for Constance "Connie" MacKenzie (Lana Turner), a prim local dress shop owner. The daughters of both families, Allison MacKenzie (Diane Varsi) and Selena Cross (Hope Lange), are best friends and are about to graduate high school.

tag: p

text: A stranger, Michael Rossi (Lee Philips), is hired to be the new high school principal by the school board president, Leslie Harrington (Leon Ames), the local woolen mill owner; the students' choice for the position is long-time teacher Miss Elsie Thornton (Mildred Dunnock). Rossi wins over Ms. Thornton by saying that he wants to work with her.

text: Later, Connie encourages her daughter not to invite Betty Anderson (Terry Moore) to the party, due to Betty's overt sexuality; Constance finally reconsiders, allowing Allison to invite anyone she wishes. At the party, Betty arrives with Leslie Harrington's son Rodney (Barry Coe), who soon turns it into a make-out party, kissing Allison; the party ends when Connie makes a scene, embarrassing Allison. Before church the next day, Allison witnesses Lucas beating his step-daughter, Selena.

text: Later, Rossi arrives at the MacKenzie house to announce that Allison has been named valedictorian, and he asks Connie to chaperone Allison's graduation dance; the two slowly develop a romance. Meanwhile, Harrington informs his son Rodney that he does not approve of his going with Betty Anderson, because of her bad reputation, so Rodney is forced to uninvite her. Rodney instead goes with Allison, though Allison is in love with shy Norman Page (Russ Tamblyn), who has an overprotective mother, Evelyn Page (Erin O'Brien-Moore). At the dance, Rodney splits off to make out with Betty, but she is angry for him dumping her, so refuses to have sex with him.

text: After the dance, Selena is raped by her step-father, Lucas. She becomes pregnant, and when she goes to Dr. Swain for an abortion he refuses, and she confides that her step-father raped her. Swain confronts Lucas, and he is forced by Swain to promise to leave town after signing a confession, all of which Nellie secretly witnesses. Out for revenge, Lucas chases Selena when she returns home, and although she escapes, she falls and injures herself. After treating her, Swain records the operation as an "appendectomy", when in fact she has had a miscarriage.

text: At a picnic later that year, Rodney and Betty reunite and go skinny dipping, while nearby, Allison and Norman go swimming in proper suits. Marion, the town gossip, sees the naked couple and falsely makes an assumption, telling Connie it was Allison and Norman. Connie and Allison fight; in a fit of anger, Connie admits that Allison's father was married to another woman when Connie became pregnant. Upset, Allison runs upstairs and discovers Nellie Cross has committed suicide. Allison goes into a state of shock, and is confined to bed. Sometime after, Rodney and Betty elope, infuriating Rodney's father Leslie. After recovering, Allison leaves for New York City.

text: World War II erupts in 1941, and Peyton Place's men go off to war. When Rodney is killed in action, his father offers to take care of his widow, Betty, and she is finally welcomed into the family. During Christmas of 1942, Connie visits Rossi to apologize for being dismissive of him, and when she confesses that she was a married man's mistress, Rossi decides to stay in Peyton Place, promising her that his marriage proposal is still open. During this time, a drunken Lucas returns from the Navy and tries to rape Selena again, but this time she bludgeons him to death in self-defense.

text: After Easter of 1943, Selena tearfully confesses to Connie, and she is later arrested and tried by the District Attorney (Lorne Greene) for Lucas' murder. Allison, still estranged from Connie, returns for the trial, as does Norman; the truth about Selena's self-defense, her step-father's abuse, her miscarriage, as well as Dr. Swain's false report, all come to light. Dr. Swain admonishes the town for their gossipy ways and failure to offer Selena help when she needed it most. Ultimately, Selena is acquitted, and she and Ted are free to marry.

text: Allison has a change of heart and approaches Connie with a hope of reconciliation, and Norman is welcomed into the house.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Lana Turner as Constance MacKenzie
Diane Varsi as Allison MacKenzie
Hope Lange as Selena Cross
Lee Philips as Michael Rossi
Arthur Kennedy as Lucas Cross
Lloyd Nolan as Dr. Matthew Swain
Russ Tamblyn as Norman Page
Terry Moore as Betty Anderson
David Nelson as Ted Carter
Barry Coe as Rodney Harrington
Betty Field as Nellie Cross
Mildred Dunnock as Miss Elsie Thornton
Leon Ames as Leslie Harrington
Lorne Greene as District Attorney
Staats Cotsworth as Charles Partridge
Peg Hillias as Marion Partridge
Tami Conner as Margie (a classmate of Selena and Allison)
Erin O'Brien Moore as Mrs. Evelyn Page
Scotty Morrow as Joey Cross (uncredited)

tag: ul

text: Cast notes

text:
Both Diane Varsi and Lee Philips made their film debuts in Peyton Place.[5]
The films also marked the first time that David Nelson had appeared separately from his family, Ozzie, Harriet and Ricky.[5]
Erin O'Brien-Moore, who played Mrs. Evelyn Page, would play Nurse Esther Choate in the TV series, Peyton Place in the sixties.

text: Production[edit]

text: Less than a month after the novel's release in 1956, producer Jerry Wald bought the rights from author Grace Metalious for $250,000 and hired her as a story consultant on the film, although he had no intention of actually allowing her to contribute anything to the production.[citation needed] Her presence in Hollywood ensured the project additional publicity, but Metalious soon felt out of place in the film capital. Horrified by the sanitized adaptation of her book by screenwriter John Michael Hayes, who was forced to contend with the Hays Code, and his suggestion Pat Boone be cast as Norman Page, she returned to her home in Gilmanton, New Hampshire. She hated the film, but she eventually earned a total of $400,000 in exhibition profits from it.[6]

text: The novel never mentioned the state explicitly, but it made several references strongly suggesting that Peyton Place was located within the state of New Hampshire, whereas the film makes no clear references to any particular New England state. The film was shot primarily in Maine, mostly in the town of Camden, with additional exteriors filmed in Belfast, Rockland and Thomaston,[5] as well as Lake Placid in New York.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered in Camden one day before opening in 24 cities across the US on December 12, 1957.[1][2]

text: Peyton Place was the second-highest-grossing film of 1958, although in the first few months of its release it did not do well at the box office, until a real-life tragedy gave it an unexpected boost. On April 4, 1958, star Lana Turner's daughter Cheryl killed her mother's abusive lover, mobster Johnny Stompanato, and was placed in Juvenile Hall. The press coverage of the subsequent investigation boosted ticket sales by 32%, and the film eventually grossed $25,600,000 in the U.S. A coroner's inquest ruled the murder justifiable homicide, and the district attorney chose not to charge Cheryl with the crime, although he declared her a ward of the state and placed her in the custody of her grandmother. Turner feared the negative publicity would end her career, but it led producer Ross Hunter to cast her in the 1959 film Imitation of Life.[6] According to Wald, Peyton Place earned $10.1 million in 4,185 theatres.[4]

text: Peyton Place was also a popular prime time television series that aired from September 1964 until June 1969.

text: The film is recognized by the American Film Institute:

text: 2005: AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated[7]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: While Peyton Place was a commercial hit, most critics noted that the most salacious elements of the Metalious novel had been whitewashed or eliminated completely. In The New York Times, Bosley Crowther remarked, "There is no sense of massive corruption here."[8] However, he did generally like the film, praising Hope Lang for a "gentle and sensitive performance" and finding Lloyd Nolan "excellent."[9] Variety wrote that the film was "impressively acted by an excellent cast," but noted that "in leaning backwards not to offend, Wald and Hayes have gone acrobatic ... On the screen is not the unpleasant sex-secret little town against which Grace Metalious set her story. These aren't the gossiping, spiteful, immoral people she portrayed. There are hints of this in the film, but only hints." [10] Richard L. Coe of The Washington Post wrote, "While the four-letter words of the Grace Metalious novel have been adroitly erased, it's easy for one of the apparent few who didn't read the book to see why so many did. There are several strong stories and the characters are sharply drawn. Without these two characteristics the best written novels remain unread."[11] Edwin Schallert of the Los Angeles Times declared the film "probably the most powerful small-town picture ever produced,"[12] and Harrison's Reports praised it as "an absorbing adult drama" that "grips one's attention the whole time it is on the screen, thanks to the sensitive direction and the effective acting of the capable cast."[13] John McCarten of The New Yorker was negative, writing that the film "makes no attempt to exploit the sensational aspects of the tale it has to tell; on the contrary, it is woefully diffuse, and before it's over—roughly, three hours—boredom has set in like the grippe."[14] The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote, "Slick and passionless, the film is an expensive and heavily bowdlerised adaptation of Grace Metalious' best-seller," adding that "the film never quite makes up its mind whether to extol small-town America or castigate it."[15]

text:
TV Guide said, "This is the kind of hypertensive trash that gives melodrama a bad name, cynically tempering its naughty bits with smug moralizing. The
fact that the film won an 'A' rating from the Catholic Legion of Decency, meaning it was deemed 'acceptable to all,' is a dead giveaway.[16] (In actuality, it was given an "A-III" rating, meaning appropriate only for adults.)[17]

text: On the film's 40th anniversary in 1998, celebrations were held in some of the Maine towns in which the film was shot, attended by Hope Lange.

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film received nine Oscar nominations (and no wins), including four honoring supporting performances, which tied a record set three years earlier by On the Waterfront. That record would later be matched by Tom Jones, and The Godfather Part II. The film's nine Oscar nominations without a win also tied a then-Academy Award's record for biggest shut-out (with The Little Foxes). That record was later surpassed by The Turning Point in 1977 and The Color Purple in 1985, both of which won zero of eleven nominations.

text:
Best Motion Picture: Jerry Wald, Producer
Best Director: Mark Robson
Best Actress: Lana Turner
Best Supporting Actress: Diane Varsi
Best Supporting Actress: Hope Lange
Best Supporting Actor: Arthur Kennedy
Best Supporting Actor: Russ Tamblyn
Best Writing (Screenplay--based on material from another medium): John Michael Hayes
Best Cinematography: William Mellor

text: Gallery[edit]


document_title: Law of attraction (New Thought)

question_text: who is the founder of law of attraction

question_tokens: who is the founder of law of attraction

text: Law of attraction (New Thought)

text: History[edit]

text: The New Thought movement (Law of Attraction Origins) grew out of the teachings of Phineas Quimby in the early 19th century. Early in his life, Quimby was diagnosed with tuberculosis. Unfortunately, medicinal treatment wasn't working, so he began carriage riding through his hometown, Lebanon, New Hampshire. He then regained his health and recovered, an event that prompted his study of "mind over body".[10]  Although he never used the words 'Law of Attraction', he explained this in a statement that captured the concept in the field of health:

text: the trouble is in the mind, for the body is only the house for the mind to dwell in, and we put a value on it according to its worth. Therefore if your mind has been deceived by some invisible enemy into a belief, you have put it into the form of a disease, with or without your knowledge. By my theory or truth, I come in contact with your enemy and restore you to your health and happiness. This I do partly mentally and partly by talking till I correct the wrong impressions and establish the Truth, and the Truth is the cure.[11]

text: In 1877, the term 'Law of Attraction' appeared in print for the first time in a book written by the Russian occultist Helena Blavatsky, in a context alluding to an attractive power existing between elements of spirit.[12] (Her book Isis Unveiled discusses esoteric mysteries of ancient theosophy.[13][14])

text: But the one who really first articulated the Law as general principle was Prentice Mulford. Mulford, a pivotal figure in the development of New Thought thinking, discusses the Law of Attraction at length in, for example, his essay "The Law of Success",[15] published 1886-1887. In this, Mulford was followed by other New Thought authors, such as Henry Wood (starting with his God’s Image in Man,[16] 1892), and Ralph Waldo Trine (starting with his first book, What All the World's A-Seeking,[17] 1896). For these authors, the Law of Attraction is concerned not only about health but every aspect of life.[18][19]

text: The 20th century saw a surge in interest in the subject with many books being written about it, amongst which are two of the best-selling books of all time; Think and Grow Rich (1937) by Napoleon Hill and You Can Heal Your Life (1984) by Louise Hay.

text: Even if the New Age movement adopted many New Thought ideas, including that of the Law of Attraction, the Law of Attraction remains a new thought philosophical concept.[20]

text: In 2006, the concept of the Law of Attraction gained a lot of renewed exposure with the release of the film The Secret (2006) which was then developed into a book of the same title in 2007. The movie and book gained widespread media coverage.[1][21][22] Rhonda Byrne's book also has influenced the creation of an untitled fiction film based on The Secret, starring Katie Holmes.[23]

text: Descriptions[edit]

text: New Thought authors believe that the Law of Attraction is always in operation and that it brings to each person the conditions and experiences that they predominantly think about, or which they desire or expect.

text: Charles Haanel wrote in The Master Key System (1912):

text: The law of attraction will certainly and unerringly bring to you the conditions, environment, and experiences in life, corresponding with your habitual, characteristic, predominant mental attitude.[24]

text: Ralph Trine wrote in In Tune With The Infinite (1897):

text: The law of attraction works universally on every plane of action, and we attract whatever we desire or expect. If we desire one thing and expect another, we become like houses divided against themselves, which are quickly brought to desolation. Determine resolutely to expect only what you desire, then you will attract only what you wish for.[25]

text: Rhonda Byrne published in 2006 the film The Secret wherein she emphasized thinking about what each person wants to obtain, but also to infuse the thought with the maximum possible amount of emotion. She claims the combination of thought and feeling is what attracts the desire.[26] The Secret says your subconscious mind can control everything that happens around you, including both positive experiences, like having someone call you from miles away, and negative experiences, like death. The Byrne underlines the power of the subconscious mind by asking the reader to take full control of these thoughts, in order to achieve things in life, with the mind, as much as with action. Another similar book is James Redfield's The Celestine Prophecy, which says reality can be manifested by man.[27] Man and the universe have a force of attraction between them similar to a magnetic attraction. The Power of Your Subconscious Mind by Joseph Murphy, says readers can achieve seemingly impossible goals by learning how to bring the mind itself under control. The Power by Rhonda Byrne, The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho, and The Power of Now by Eckhart Tolle are similar. While personal testimonies claim the secret and the law to have worked for them, a number of skeptics have criticized Rhonda Byrne's film and book. One New York Times book review calls the secret pseudoscience and an "illusion of knowledge".[28]

text: Philosophical and religious basis[edit]

text:
The New Thought concept of the Law of Attraction is rooted in ideas that come from various philosophical and religious traditions.  In particular, it has been inspired by Hermeticism, New England transcendentalism, specific verses from the Bible, and Hinduism,
[29][30][31][32][33][34]

text: Hermeticism influenced the development of European thought in the Renaissance. Its ideas were transmitted partly through alchemy. In the 18th century, Franz Mesmer studied the works of alchemists such as Paracelsus[35] and van Helmont.[36] Van Helmont was a 17th-century Flemish physician who proclaimed the curative powers of the imagination.[36][37][38] This lead Mesmer to develop his ideas about Animal magnetism which Phineas Quimby, the founder of New Thought, studied.[36][39]

text: The Transcendentalist movement developed in the United States immediately before the emergence of New Thought and is thought to have had a great influence on it. George Ripley, an important figure in that movement, stated that its leading idea was "the supremacy of mind over matter".[36][40]

text: New Thought authors often quote certain verses from the Bible in the context of the Law of Attraction. An example is Mark 11:24: "Therefore I tell you, whatever you ask in prayer, believe that you have received it, and it will be yours."[41][42][43]

text: In the late 19th century Swami Vivekananda traveled to the United States and gave lectures on Hinduism. These talks greatly influenced the New Thought movement and in particular, William Walker Atkinson who was one of New Thought's pioneers.[44][45]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: Skeptical Inquirer magazine criticized the lack of falsifiability and testability of these claims.[46] Critics have asserted that the evidence provided is usually anecdotal and that, because of the self-selecting nature of the positive reports, as well as the subjective nature of any results, these reports are susceptible to confirmation bias and selection bias.[47] Physicist Ali Alousi, for instance, criticized it as unmeasurable and questioned the likelihood that thoughts can affect anything outside the head.[1]

text: The Law of Attraction has been popularized in the early 21st century by books and films such as The Secret. This 2006 film and the subsequent book[48] use interviews with New Thought authors and speakers to explain the principles of the proposed metaphysical law that one can attract anything that one thinks about consistently. Writing for the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry, Mary Carmichael and Ben Radford wrote that "neither the film nor the book has any basis in scientific reality", and that its premise contains "an ugly flipside: if you have an accident or disease, it's your fault".[46]

text: Others have questioned the references to modern scientific theory, and have maintained, for example, that the Law of Attraction misrepresents the electrical activity of brainwaves.[49] Victor Stenger and Leon Lederman are critical of attempts to use quantum mysticism to bridge any unexplained or seemingly implausible effects, believing these to be traits of modern pseudoscience.[50][8][9]

text: Prominent supporters[edit]

text: This section may require copy editing.  (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
Prentice Mulford, a Californian author and humorist, used the term Law of Attraction in his essays Some Laws of Health and Beauty and Good And Ill Effects of Thought, written in 1891.
Ralph Waldo Trine published his book In Tune with the Infinite in 1897. In the second paragraph of chapter 9 he says "The Law of Attraction works unceasingly throughout the universe, and the one great and never changing fact in connection with it is, as we have found, that like attracts like."[51]
Thomas Troward, who was a strong influence in the New Thought Movement, claimed in a 1904 lecture that thought precedes physical form and "the action of Mind plants that nucleus which, if allowed to grow undisturbed, will eventually attract to itself all the conditions necessary for its manifestation in outward visible form."[52]
James Allen, an English New Thought writer, wrote a series of books and articles between 1901 and 1912, after which his wife Lily continued his work. Allen is best known for writing As a Man Thinketh in 1902.
Emmet Fox wrote about metaphysics and the power of prayer in his numerous essays and books. His teachings are founded in Christianity and the stories in the bible, he cites Jesus Christ as being the greatest teacher of metaphysics who ever lived, and explains that our thoughts are our most important emanation, more important even that what we say or what we do. In his books Power Through Constructive Thinking and Find and Use your Inner Power Fox speaks about "building the mental equivalents of what you want and to expunge those that you don't".
William Walker Atkinson used the phrase in his New Thought Movement book Thought Vibration or the Law of Attraction in the Thought World (1906), stating that "like attracts like".[53]
Bruce MacLelland's prosperity theology book Prosperity Through Thought Force (1907) summarized the principle as "You are what you think, not what you think you are." It was published by Elizabeth Towne, the editor of The Nautilus Magazine, a Journal of New Thought.[54]
Wallace D. Wattles wrote The Science of Getting Rich (1910) which espouses similar principles — that simply believing in the object of your desire and focusing on it will lead to that object or goal being realized on the material plane (Wattles claims in the Preface and later chapters of this book that his premise stems from the monistic Hindu view that God provides everything and can deliver what we focus on). The book also claims that negative thinking will manifest negative results.[55]
William Quan Judge a theosophical author used the phrase in his book The Ocean of Theosophy (1915).[56]
Annie Besant, another theosophical author, discussed the 'Law of Attraction' in 1919.[57] Besant compared her version of it to gravitation, and said that the law represented a form of karma.[58]
Napoleon Hill published two books on the theme. The first was The Law of Success in 16 Lessons (1928), which directly and repeatedly referenced the Law of Attraction and proposed that it operates by use of radio waves transmitted by the brain. Then in 1937, he published Think and Grow Rich, which went on to become one of the best selling books of all time, selling over 60 million copies. In this book, Hill insisted on the importance of controlling one's own thoughts in order to achieve success, as well as the energy that thoughts have and their ability to attract other thoughts. In the beginning of the book, Hill mentions a "secret" to success and promises to indirectly describe it at least once in every chapter of the book. It is never named directly, for he says that discovering it on one's own is far more beneficial. Many people have argued over what the secret[59] actually is, some claiming that it is the Law of Attraction. Hill states the "secret" to which he refers is mentioned no fewer than a hundred times, yet reference to "attract" is used less than 30 times in the text. Hill claims in his book that people can obtain what they desire through thought of definite purpose.[60]
Israel Regardie published many books with the Law of Attraction theme as one of his prevailing Universal Laws. His book, The Art of True Healing: A Treatise on the Mechanism of Prayer and the Operation of the Law of Attraction in Nature (1937), taught a focused meditation technique to help the mind to learn to heal itself on both a physical and spiritual level. Regardie claimed further that the Law of Attraction was not only a valid method for attracting good physical health but for improvement in any other aspect of one's life.[citation needed]
W. Clement Stone and Napoleon Hill wrote Success Through a Positive Mental Attitude (1960).
Richard Weiss states in his book, The American Myth of Success (1988), that the principle of "non-resistance" is a popular concept of the New Thought movement and is taught in conjunction with the Law of Attraction.[61]
Esther and Jerry Hicks' book Money and the Law of Attraction: Learning to Attract Health, Wealth & Happiness (2008) appeared on the New York Times Best Seller list.[62] Hicks have been publishing books about the Law of Attraction since 1995.
Rhonda Byrne, author of The Secret, The Power and The Magic, influenced by Wattles' The Science of Getting Rich.
Yousef Erakat (FouseyTube) Throughout his Vlogs on his second YouTube channel, Dose of Fousey, he often explains how the Law of Attraction impacts his life.
Conor McGregor has claimed, he uses the Law of Attraction. He said, "This is what I dreamed into reality", upon winning his second UFC championship title belt after defeating Eddie Alvarez at UFC 205.
Scott Adams, creator of Dilbert
Mike Cernovich, alt-right blogger
Norman Vincent Peale, pastor for Donald Trump
Jim Carrey


document_title: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)

question_text: in how the grinch stole christmas where does the title character live

text: Plot[edit]

text: All the Whos down in Whoville enjoy celebrating Christmas with much happiness and joy, except the Grinch (Jim Carrey), who hatefully resents Christmas and the Whos with great wrath and occasionally pulls dangerous and harmful practical jokes on them with a vengeance. As a result, no one likes or cares for the Grinch. Meanwhile, six-year-old Cindy Lou (Taylor Momsen) believes everyone is missing the point about Christmas by being more concerned about the gifts and festivities. After her two brothers are harassed by the Grinch when they trespass on his domain, and she herself has a face-to-face encounter with the Grinch at the post office, in which he saves her life, Cindy Lou becomes interested in his history. She then asks everyone what they know about him, and soon discovers that he has a tragic past.

text: The Grinch actually arrived in Whoville by mistake when he was a baby, and was adopted by two elderly sisters. Although he showed some sadistic tendencies as a child, he was rather timid and not the cruel, selfish person he would become. He was bullied by his classmates (particularly by Augustus May Who (Jeffrey Tambor), who grew up to be Mayor of Whoville) because of his appearance, with the exception of Martha May Whovier (Christine Baranski), who was courted by both the Grinch and May Who. One Christmas season when he was eight, the Grinch made a gift for Martha, but attempted to shave his face after being made fun of for having a "beard", cutting himself by accident. When his classmates saw his face covered with shaving tape the next morning, they ridiculed him. He lost his temper, went on a rampage and ran away to live on Mount Crumpit, a mountain to the north of Whoville.

text: Cindy Lou, touched by this story, decides to make the Grinch the main participant of the Whobilation, much to the great displeasure of Mayor May Who, who reluctantly agrees after pressure from the townspeople, who have been warmed by Cindy Lou's generous spirit. When Cindy Lou goes to Mount Crumpit and offers an invitation to the Grinch, he turns her down. He gradually changes his mind, however, due to the promise of an award, the presence of Martha at the celebration and the chance to upset the Mayor. Just as the Grinch is enjoying himself and is almost won over, May Who gives him an electric shaver as a present, reminding him of his awful humiliation at school. May Who then asks Martha to marry him, promising her a new car in return. In response, the Grinch openly berates the Whos and criticizes Christmas, claiming that the holiday is only about gifts that they will just dispose of later, in the hopes of making them too ashamed to celebrate the holiday. The Grinch then goes on to ruin the party by burning the Christmas tree with a makeshift flamethrower but his actions prove to be fruitless as the Whos have a spare tree, which the Grinch sees them erect before he leaves.

text: The Grinch, knowing that his attack has failed to remove the Whos' Christmas spirit, instead concocts a plan to steal all of their presents while they are sleeping. Creating a Santa suit and sleigh with his own dog, Max, as a "reindeer", the Grinch flies around Whoville, stealing all of the Whos' Christmas gifts. He is almost discovered by Cindy Lou, but lies to her in order to get away. On Christmas morning, the Whos discover the Grinch's scheme, and May Who blames Cindy Lou for the whole disaster. However, her father, Lou Lou Who (Bill Irwin), the Whoville postmaster, finally stands up to him and reminds everyone that they still have Christmas spirit, and that the principal meaning of Christmas is to spend it with family and friends. The people accept his speech and begin to sing. Hoping that the change of mood would inspire the Grinch, Cindy Lou goes to Mount Crumpit to find him.

text: The Grinch reveals that he intends to push the stolen gifts off the top of the mountain after he hears the Whos crying. However, instead of crying, he hears the joyful singing of the Whos. Infuriated over the failure of his plan, the Grinch has an epiphany about what Christmas is really about: not material gifts, but spending time with loved ones, an insight that profoundly touches him and causes his heart to grow to three times its original size. When the sleigh full of stolen gifts begins to go over the edge of the cliff, the Grinch desperately tries to save them to no avail. However, when he realizes that Cindy Lou has come to wish him a merry Christmas and is in danger of falling off the cliff with the sleigh, the Grinch finds enough strength to lift the sleigh, the gifts and Cindy Lou to safety. After a long descent down Mount Crumpit, the Grinch returns to Whoville with Cindy and the gifts. He confesses to the burglary, tearfully apologizes for his actions towards the Whos and surrenders himself to the police as they arrive, but the Whos reconcile with him, much to May Who's dismay. Martha turns down May Who's proposal and decides that she would rather stay with the Grinch instead. The redeemed Grinch starts a new life with the Whos, commemorating the Christmas feast with them in his cave.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jim Carrey as the Grinch, a misanthropic green creature who despises Christmas and the Whos of Whoville. It is revealed in his origin story that he started to hate Christmas after his school classmates humiliated him when he tried to shave his face. Before Jim Carrey was cast to play the Grinch, Jack Nicholson and Eddie Murphy[3] were briefly considered.[citation needed]

Josh Ryan Evans as an 8-year-old Grinch; his humiliation at school by May Who is what drives him into a hatred of Christmas.

Taylor Momsen as Cindy Lou Who, a young Who who thinks the Christmas spirit in Whoville is lost. (In this version, she is six years old, whereas in the book in 1957 and TV special in 1966 by Chuck Jones she was "no more than two").
Jeffrey Tambor as Mayor Augustus May Who, Whoville's rude, arrogant, and judgmental mayor. He is revealed to be a school bully who picked on the young Grinch over his shaved face, which is what motivated the Grinch to hate Christmas in the first place. He also denounces the Grinch every chance he gets and wants to have a Grinch-less Christmas.

Ben Bookbinder as an 8-year-old Augustus May Who; he tormented the young Grinch, which then motivated the Grinch to hate Christmas.

Christine Baranski as Martha May Whovier, the Grinch's lifelong crush and the romantic interest of Mayor Who. She ultimately rejects the Mayor and chooses the Grinch.

Landry Allbright as an 8-year-old Martha May Whovier. She shows compassion towards the young Grinch.

Bill Irwin as Lou Lou Who, Cindy Lou's father and the postman of Whoville.
Molly Shannon as Betty Lou Who, Cindy Lou's mother and a rival to Martha May in a house-lighting contest.
Kelley as Max, who is the Grinch's pet dog and only companion on Mt. Crumpit. It is unknown how or when The Grinch got him.

Frank Welker as the voice of Max

Clint Howard as Whobris, the mayor's sycophantic aid.

Reid Kirchenbauer as an 8-year-old Whobris.

Mindy Sterling as Clarnella Who, one of the Grinch's childhood caretakers.
Rachel Winfree as Rose Who, one of the Grinch's childhood caretakers.
Jeremy Howard and T. J. Thyne as Drew Lou and Stu Lou Who, troublesome sons of Lou and Betty, and brothers to Cindy Lou.
Jim Meskimen as Officer Wholihan, the chief of police.
Lacey Kohl and Nadja Pionilla as Christina Whoterberry and Junie, Drew and Stu's girlfriends, and sisters to Cindy Lou.
Mary Stein as Miss Rue Who, the school teacher.
Bryce Dallas Howard as surprised Who.
Anthony Hopkins as the Narrator.

text: Production[edit]

text: On September 26, 1998, it was announced that Ron Howard would direct and produce a 2000 American fantasy Christmas comedy film titled How the Grinch Stole Christmas or Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (promoted theatrically as The Grinch) with Brian Grazer, and also with the budget of $123 million based on the 1957 story of the same name by Dr. Seuss, which would be released in theaters on November 17, 2000. Universal Pictures acquired distribution rights to the film and Imagine Entertainment would co-produce it. James Horner composed the music for the film and Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman would write the screenplay for the project. It was also announced that the film would star Jim Carrey (who plays the title character), Josh Ryan Evans, Taylor Momsen, Jeffrey Tambor, Ben Bookbinder, Christine Baranski, Landry Allbright, Bill Irwin, Molly Shannon, Frank Welker, Clint Howard, Reid Kirchenbauer, Mindy Sterling, Bryce Dallas Howard, Jim Meskimen, Jeremy Howard, Kelley and T. J. Thyne with narration by Anthony Hopkins. Alec Berg, David Mandel and Jeff Schaffer did an uncredited rewrite of the script.[4]

text: The film was shot between September 1999 and January 2000. Dr. Seuss' wife, Audrey, visited the set in October 1999. Much of the Whoville set was constructed on the backlot of Universal Studios behind the Bates Motel. During a break in filming, Jim Carrey scared tourists on the Studio Tour by running out of the motel in a dress and brandishing a knife. Despite this, none of the Universal employees and tourists on the tour recognized him. Jim Carrey's Grinch suit was covered in yak hair, which was dyed green, and sewed onto a spandex suit, and Carrey spent 92 days in the Grinch make-up, spending three hours in the morning getting in, and one hour in the evening to get out. According to Carrey, he became a "Zen Master" while sitting in the make-up chair.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
"Kids Today" – Jim Carrey and Taylor Momsen *
"Grinch 2000" – Busta Rhymes and Jim Carrey
"Green Christmas" – Barenaked Ladies
"Christmas of Love" – Little Isidore and the Inquisitors
"Lonely Christmas Eve" – Ben Folds
"Grinch Schedule" – Jim Carrey *
"Better Do It Right" – Smash Mouth
"Whoville Medley" (Perfect Christmas Night/Grinch) – Trans-Siberian Orchestra
"Reindeer" – Jim Carrey *
"Christmas Is Going to the Dogs" – The Eels
"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" – Jim Carrey
"Christmas Means More" – Anthony Hopkins and Jim Carrey *
"You Don't Have to Be Alone" – *NSYNC
"Where Are You, Christmas?" – Faith Hill
"The Shape of Things to Come" – James Horner
"Memories of a Green Childhood" – James Horner +
"Christmas, Why Can't I Find You?" – James Horner and Taylor Momsen
"Stealing Christmas" – Anthony Hopkins, James Horner, Jim Carrey, and Taylor Momsen ~
"The Big Heist" – James Horner +
"Does Cindy Lou Really Ruin Christmas?" – James Horner +
"A Change of Heart" – James Horner +
"The Sleigh of Presents" – James Horner +
"He Carves the Roast Beast" – James Horner ^

text:
Legend:
*Dialogue
+ Instrumental
~ Includes Narration and Dialogue
^ Includes "Welcome Christmas"

text: Release[edit]

text: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas grossed $260.0 million domestically and $85.1 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $345.1 million, becoming the sixth highest-grossing film of 2000.

text: In the United States, The Grinch opened at number-one on its opening day, making $15.6 million, with a weekend gross of $55.0 million, for an average of $17,615 from 3,127 theaters. The film still holds the record for the highest opening weekend for a Christmas-themed film. In its second weekend, the film grossed $52.1 million, dropping only 5.1%, settling a new record for highest-grossing second weekend for any film. The film stayed at the top of the box office for four weekends, until it was overtaken by What Women Want in mid-December. The Grinch closed on April 30, 2001, after five months, with a final gross of $260,044,825.[1] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 48.1 million tickets in North America.[5] The film was released on VHS and DVD on November 20, 2001. A Blu-ray/DVD combo pack was released on October 13, 2009.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes gave the film an approval rating of 53%; the critical consensus reads, "Jim Carrey shines as the Grinch. Unfortunately, it's not enough to save this movie. You'd be better off watching the TV cartoon."[6] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 46 out of 100 based on 29 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[7]

text: Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars, referring to it as "a dank, eerie, weird movie about a sour creature" and said, "There should be...a jollier production design and a brighter look overall... It's just not much fun." Ebert observed that Carrey "works as hard as an actor has ever worked in a movie, to small avail." Nevertheless, he decided that "adults may appreciate Carrey's remarkable performance in an intellectual sort of way and give him points for what was obviously a supreme effort."[8]

text: Paul Clinton of CNN declared that Carrey "was born to play this role" and noted that "Carrey carries nearly every scene. In fact, if he's not in the scene, there is no scene.[9] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly began his review of the film analyzing the Grinch's "mischievously divided, now-I'm-calm/ now-I'm-a-raving-sarcastic-PSYCH-o! personality" and summed up Carrey's Grinch as "a slobby, self-loathing elitist ruled by the secret fear that he's always being left out of things." Gleiberman expressed surprise at "how affecting Carrey makes the Grinch's ultimate big-hearted turnaround, as Carrey the actor sneaks up on Carrey the wild-man dervish. In whichever mode, he carreys the movie."[10]

text: Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle said, "Nobody could play the Grinch better than Jim Carrey, whose rubbery antics and maniacal sense of mischief are so well suited to How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Dr. Seuss himself might have turned to Carrey as a model for the classic curmudgeon had the actor been around in 1957." However, he wondered why Carrey "made himself sound like Sean Connery" and warned that the character's intensity may frighten small children.[11] James Berardinelli of ReelViews wrote that Carrey's "off-the-wall performance is reminiscent of what he accomplished in The Mask, except that here he never allows the special effects to upstage him. Carrey's Grinch is a combination of Seuss' creation and Carrey's personality, with a voice that sounds far more like a weird amalgamation of Sean Connery and Jim Backus (Bond meets Magoo!) than it does Karloff." He concluded that Carrey "brings animation to the live action, and, surrounded by glittering, fantastical sets and computer-spun special effects, Carrey enables Ron Howard's version of the classic story to come across as more of a welcome endeavor than a pointless re-tread."[12]

text: Some reviews were more middling. Stephanie Zacharek of Salon, in a generally negative review of the film, wrote, "Carrey pulls off an admirable impersonation of an animated figure ... It’s fine as mimicry goes — but mimicry isn't the best playground for comic genius. Shouldn't we be asking more of a man who's very likely the most gifted comic actor of his generation?" She concluded that in spite of "a few terrific ad-libs [...] his jokes come off as nothing more than a desperate effort to inject some offbeat humor into an otherwise numbingly unhip, nonsensical and just plain dull story."[13]

text: Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote, "Carrey tries out all sorts of intonations, vocal pitches and delivery styles, his tough guy posturing reminding at times of Cagney and his sibilant S's recalling Bogart. His antic gesturing and face-making hit the mark at times, but at other moments seem arbitrary and scattershot. Furthermore, his free-flowing tirades, full of catch-all allusions and references, are pitched for adult appreciation and look destined to sail right over the heads of pre-teens."[14]

text: Awards[edit]

text: The film garnered three Academy Award nominations, including Best Costume Design (Rita Ryack) and Best Art Direction (Michael Corenblith and Merideth Boswell), and nominees Rick Baker and Gail Rowell-Ryan won the Academy Award for Best Makeup. At the Golden Globes, Carrey was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, losing the award to George Clooney for O Brother, Where Art Thou?.

text: It also won the Blimp Awards for Favorite Movie and Favorite Movie Actor at the 2001 Kids' Choice Awards. The film won a Saturn Award for Best Music. However, it was also nominated for two 2000 Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Remake or Sequel and Worst Screenplay, but lost to Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2 and Battlefield Earth respectively.[citation needed]