document_title: Kansas

question_text: where is kansas located in the united states

question_tokens: where is kansas located in the united states

text: Kansas

text: History[edit]

text: For a millennium, the land that is currently Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. The first European to set foot in present-day Kansas was the Spanish conquistador Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, who explored the area in 1541. In 1803, most of modern Kansas was acquired by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Southwest Kansas, however, was still a part of Spain, Mexico, and the Republic of Texas until the conclusion of the Mexican–American War in 1848, when these lands were ceded to the United States. From 1812 to 1821, Kansas was part of the Missouri Territory. The Santa Fe Trail traversed Kansas from 1821 to 1880, transporting manufactured goods from Missouri and silver and furs from Santa Fe, New Mexico. Wagon ruts from the trail are still visible in the prairie today.

text: In 1827, Fort Leavenworth became the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state. The Kansas–Nebraska Act became law on May 30, 1854, establishing Nebraska Territory and Kansas Territory, and opening the area to broader settlement by whites. Kansas Territory stretched all the way to the Continental Divide and included the sites of present-day Denver, Colorado Springs, and Pueblo.

text: Missouri and Arkansas sent settlers into Kansas all along its eastern border. These settlers attempted to sway votes in favor of slavery. The secondary settlement of Americans in Kansas Territory were abolitionists from Massachusetts and other Free-Staters, who attempted to stop the spread of slavery from neighboring Missouri. Directly presaging the American Civil War, these forces collided, entering into skirmishes that earned the territory the name of Bleeding Kansas.

text: Kansas was admitted to the Union as a free state on January 29, 1861, making it the 34th state to join the United States. By that time the violence in Kansas had largely subsided, but during the Civil War, on August 21, 1863, William Quantrill led several hundred men on a raid into Lawrence, destroying much of the city and killing nearly 200 people. He was roundly condemned by both the conventional Confederate military and the partisan rangers commissioned by the Missouri legislature. His application to that body for a commission was flatly rejected due to his pre-war criminal record.[19]

text: After the Civil War, many veterans constructed homesteads in Kansas. Many African Americans also looked to Kansas as the land of "John Brown" and, led by freedmen like Benjamin "Pap" Singleton, began establishing black colonies in the state. Leaving southern states in the late 1870s because of increasing discrimination, they became known as Exodusters.

text: At the same time, the Chisholm Trail was opened and the Wild West-era commenced in Kansas. Wild Bill Hickok was a deputy marshal at Fort Riley and a marshal at Hays and Abilene. Dodge City was another wild cowboy town, and both Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp worked as lawmen in the town. In one year alone, eight million head of cattle from Texas boarded trains in Dodge City bound for the East, earning Dodge the nickname "Queen of the Cowtowns."

text: In response to demands of Methodists and other evangelical Protestants, in 1881 Kansas became the first U.S. state to adopt a constitutional amendment prohibiting all alcoholic beverages, which was only repealed in 1948.

text: Geography[edit]

text: Kansas is bordered by Nebraska on the north; Missouri on the east; Oklahoma on the south; and Colorado on the west. The state is divided into 105 counties with 628 cities, and is located equidistant from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. The geographic center of the 48 contiguous states is in Smith County near Lebanon. Until 1989, the Meades Ranch Triangulation Station in Osborne County was the geodetic center of North America: the central reference point for all maps of North America. The geographic center of Kansas is in Barton County.

text: Geology[edit]

text: Kansas is underlain by a sequence of horizontal to gently westward dipping sedimentary rocks. A sequence of Mississippian, Pennsylvanian and Permian rocks outcrop in the eastern and southern part of the state. The state's western half has exposures of Cretaceous through Tertiary sediments, the latter derived from the erosion of the uplifted Rocky Mountains to the west. These are underlain by older Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments which correlate well with the outcrops to the east. The state's northeastern corner was subjected to glaciation in the Pleistocene and is covered by glacial drift and loess.

text: Topography[edit]

text: The western two-thirds of the state, lying in the great central plain of the United States, has a generally flat or undulating surface, while the eastern third has many hills and forests. The land gradually rises from east to west; its altitude ranges from 684 ft (208 m) along the Verdigris River at Coffeyville in Montgomery County, to 4,039 ft (1,231 m) at Mount Sunflower, 0.5 miles (0.80 kilometers) from the Colorado border, in Wallace County. It is a common misconception that Kansas is the flattest state in the nation — in 2003, a tongue-in-cheek study famously declared the state "flatter than a pancake".[20] In fact, Kansas has a maximum topographic relief of 3,360 ft (1,020 m),[21] making it the 23rd flattest U.S. state measured by maximum relief.[22]

text: Rivers[edit]

text: Nearly 75 mi (121 km) of the state's northeastern boundary is defined by the Missouri River. The Kansas River (locally known as the Kaw), formed by the junction of the Smoky Hill and Republican rivers at appropriately-named Junction City, joins the Missouri River at Kansas City, after a course of 170 mi (270 km) across the northeastern part of the state.

text: The Arkansas River (pronunciation varies), rising in Colorado, flows with a bending course for nearly 500 mi (800 km) across the western and southern parts of the state. With its tributaries, (the Little Arkansas, Ninnescah, Walnut, Cow Creek, Cimarron, Verdigris, and the Neosho), it forms the southern drainage system of the state.

text: Kansas's other rivers are the Saline and Solomon Rivers, tributaries of the Smoky Hill River; the Big Blue, Delaware, and Wakarusa, which flow into the Kansas River; and the Marais des Cygnes, a tributary of the Missouri River. Spring River is located between Riverton and Baxter Springs.

text: National parks and historic sites[edit]

text: Areas under the protection of the National Park Service include:[23]

text:
Brown v. Board Of Education National Historic Site in Topeka
California National Historic Trail
Fort Larned National Historic Site in Larned
Fort Scott National Historic Site
Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail
Nicodemus National Historic Site at Nicodemus
Oregon National Historic Trail
Pony Express National Historic Trail
Santa Fe National Historic Trail
Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve near Strong City

text: Flora and fauna[edit]

text: Climate[edit]

text: According to the Köppen climate classification, Kansas's climate can be characterized in terms of three types: it has humid continental, semi-arid steppe, and humid subtropical. The eastern two-thirds of the state (especially the northeastern portion) has a humid continental climate, with cool to cold winters and hot, often humid summers. Most of the precipitation falls during both the summer and the spring.

text: The western third of the state – from roughly the U.S. Route 83 corridor westward – has a semiarid steppe climate. Summers are hot, often very hot, and generally less humid. Winters are highly changeable between warm and very cold. The western region receives an average of about 16 inches (410 millimeters) of precipitation per year. Chinook winds in the winter can warm western Kansas all the way into the 80 degrees Fahrenheit (27 degrees Celsius) range.

text: The far south-central and southeastern portions of the state, including the Wichita area, have a humid subtropical climate with hot and humid summers, milder winters, and more precipitation than elsewhere in Kansas. Some features of all three climates can be found in most of the state, with droughts and changeable weather between dry and humid not uncommon, and both warm and cold spells in the winter.

text: Temperatures in areas between U.S. Routes 83 and 81, as well as the southwestern portion of the state along and south of U.S. 50, reach 100 °F (38 °C) or above on most days of June, July, and August. High humidity added to the high temperatures sends the heat index into life-threatening territory, especially in Wichita, Hutchinson, Salina, Russell, Hays, and Great Bend. Temperatures are often higher in Dodge City, Garden City, and Liberal, but the heat index in those three cities is usually lower than the actual air temperature.

text: Although temperatures of 100 °F (38 °C) or higher are not as common in areas east of U.S. 81, higher humidity and the urban heat island effect lead most summer days to heat indices between 107 °F (42 °C) and 114 °F (46 °C) in Topeka, Lawrence, and the Kansas City metropolitan area. During the summer, nightly low temperatures in the northeastern part of the state, especially in the aforementioned large cities, struggle to fall below 80 °F (27 °C). Also, combined with humidity between 85 and 95 percent, dangerous heat indices can be experienced at every hour of the day.

text: Precipitation ranges from about 47 inches (1,200 mm) annually in the state's southeast corner to about 16 inches (410 mm) in the southwest. Snowfall ranges from around 5 inches (130 mm) in the fringes of the south, to 35 inches (890 mm) in the far northwest. Frost-free days range from more than 200 days in the south, to 130 days in the northwest. Thus, Kansas is the country's ninth or tenth sunniest state, depending on the source. Western Kansas is as sunny as California and Arizona.

text: Kansas is prone to severe weather, especially in the spring and the early-summer. Despite the frequent sunshine throughout much of the state, due to its location at a climatic boundary prone to intrusions of multiple air masses, the state is vulnerable to strong and severe thunderstorms. Some of these storms become supercell thunderstorms; these can produce some tornadoes, occasionally those of EF3 strength or higher. Kansas averages over 50 tornadoes annually.[24] Severe thunderstorms sometimes drop some very large hail over Kansas as well. Furthermore, these storms can even bring in flash flooding and damaging straight line winds.

text: According to NOAA, the all-time highest temperature recorded in Kansas is (121 °F or 49.4 °C) on July 24, 1936, near Alton in Osborne County, and the all-time low is −40 °F (−40 °C) on February 13, 1905, near Lebanon in Smith County. Alton and Lebanon are approximately 50 miles (80 km) apart.

text: Kansas's record high of 121 °F (49.4 °C) ties with North Dakota for the fifth-highest record high in an American state, behind California (134 °F or 56.7 °C), Arizona (128 °F or 53.3 °C), Nevada (125 °F or 51.7 °C), and New Mexico (122 °F or 50 °C).

text:
Monthly Normal High and Low Temperatures For Various Kansas Cities (°F)

City

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Concordia

36/17

43/22

54/31

64/41

74/52

85/62

91/67

88/66

80/56

68/44

51/30

40/21

Dodge City

41/19

48/24

57/31

67/41

76/52

87/62

93/67

91/66

82/56

70/44

55/30

44/22

Goodland

39/16

45/20

53/26

63/35

72/46

84/56

89/61

87/60

78/50

66/38

50/25

41/18

Topeka

37/17

44/23

55/33

66/43

75/53

84/63

89/68

88/65

80/56

69/44

53/32

41/22

Wichita

40/20

47/25

57/34

67/44

76/54

87/64

93/69

92/68

82/59

70/47

55/34

43/24

Sources:[25][26][27][28][29]

text: Demographics[edit]

text: The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Kansas was 2,907,289 on July 1, 2016, a 1.9% increase since the 2010 United States Census[30] and an increase of 58,523, or 2.05%, since the year 2010.[30] This includes a natural increase since the last census of 93,899 people (that is 246,484 births minus 152,585 deaths) and a decrease due to net migration of 20,742 people out of the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 44,847 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 65,589 people.[31]

text: The population density of Kansas is 52.9 people per square mile.[32] The center of population of Kansas is located in Chase County, at 38°27′N 96°32′W / 38.450°N 96.533°W / 38.450; -96.533, approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) north of the community of Strong City.[33]

text: The focus on labor-efficient grain-based agriculture - such as large wheat farm that requires only one or a few people with large farm machinery to operate, rather than a vegetable farm that requires many people during planting and harvest or a non-agricultural facility that requires many employees – is causing the de-population of rural areas across Kansas.[34]

text:
Historical population

Census
Pop.

%±
1860107,206—1870364,399239.9%1880996,096173.4%18901,428,10843.4%19001,470,4953.0%19101,690,94915.0%19201,769,2574.6%19301,880,9996.3%19401,801,028−4.3%19501,905,2995.8%19602,178,61114.3%19702,246,5783.1%19802,363,6795.2%19902,477,5744.8%20002,688,4188.5%20102,853,1186.1%Est. 20172,913,1232.1%1910–2010[35]2015 Estimate[30]

text: Ancestry[edit]

text: According to the 2010 Census, the racial makeup of the population was:

text:
83.8% of the population was White American (77.5% non-Hispanic white)
5.9% was Black or African American
1.0% American Indian and Alaska Native
2.4% Asian American
0.1% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
3.0% from two or more races.

text: Ethnically 10.5% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino origin (they may be of any race).[36]

text:
Kansas ethnic breakdown of population
hide

Racial composition
1990[37]
2000[38]
2010[39]

White
90.1%
86.1%
83.8%

Black
5.8%
5.8%
5.9%

Asian
1.3%
1.7%
2.4%

Native
0.9%
0.9%
1.0%

Native Hawaiian andother Pacific Islander
–
–
0.1%

Other race
2.0%
3.4%
3.9%

Two or more races
–
2.1%
3.0%

text: As of 2004, the population included 149,800 foreign-born (5.5% of the state population). The ten largest reported ancestry groups, which account for over 85% of the population, in the state are: German (33.75%), Irish (14.4%), English (14.1%), American (7.5%), French (4.4%), Scottish (4.2%), Dutch (2.5%), Swedish (2.4%), Italian (1.8%), and Polish (1.5%).[40]  German descendants are especially present in the northwest, while those of descendants of English and of white Americans from other states are especially present in the southeast.

text: Mexicans are present in the southwest and make up nearly half the population in certain counties. Many African Americans in Kansas are descended from the Exodusters, newly freed blacks who fled the South for land in Kansas following the Civil War.

text: As of 2011, 35.0% of Kansas's population younger than one year of age belonged to minority groups (i.e., did not have two parents of non-Hispanic white ancestry).[41]

text: Language[edit]

text: Spanish is the second-most-spoken language in Kansas, after English [1].

text: Religion[edit]

text:
Religion in Kansas (2014)

religion

percent

Protestant

57%

Unaffiliated

20%

Catholic

18%

Other religion

4%

No religion

3%

Jehovah's Witnesses

1%

Mormon

1%

text: The 2014 Pew Religious Landscape Survey showed the religious makeup of adults in Kansas was as follows:[42]

text: As of 2010, the Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA) reported that the Catholic Church has the highest number of adherents in Kansas (at 426,611), followed by the United Methodist Church with 202,989 members, and the Southern Baptist Convention, reporting 99,329 adherents.[43]

text: Kansas's capital Topeka is sometimes cited as the home of Pentecostalism as it was the site of Charles Fox Parham's Bethel Bible College, where glossolalia was first claimed as the evidence of a spiritual experience referred to as the baptism of the Holy Spirit in 1901. It is also the home of Reverend Charles Sheldon, author of In His Steps, and was the site where the question "What would Jesus do?" originated in a sermon of Sheldon's at Central Congregational Church.

text: Topeka is also home of the Westboro Baptist Church, a hate group according to the Southern Poverty Law Center.[44] The church has garnered worldwide media attention for picketing the funerals of U.S. servicemen and women for what church members claim as "necessary to combat the fight for equality for gays and lesbians." They have sometimes successfully raised lawsuits against the city of Topeka.

text: Settlement[edit]

text: Urban and rural populations

text: Known as rural flight, the last few decades have been marked by a migratory pattern out of the countryside into cities. Out of all the cities in these Midwestern states, 89% have fewer than 3,000 people, and hundreds of those have fewer than 1,000. In Kansas alone, there are more than 6,000 ghost towns and dwindling communities,[45] according to one Kansas historian, Daniel C. Fitzgerald. At the same time, some of the communities in Johnson County (metropolitan Kansas City) are among the fastest-growing in the country.

text:
Cities with population of at least 15,000

City
Population*
Growth rate**
Metro area

1
Wichita
390,591
2.15%
Wichita

2
Overland Park
191,278
10.33%
Kansas City, MO-KS

3
Kansas City
152,938
4.91%
Kansas City

4
Olathe
137,472
9.22%
Kansas City

5
Topeka
126,587
-0.70%
Topeka

6
Lawrence
96,892
10.55%
Lawrence

7
Shawnee
65,513
5.31%
Kansas City

8
Manhattan
54,832
4.88%
Manhattan

9
Lenexa
53,553
11.13%
Kansas City

10
Salina
46,994
-1.49%
‡

11
Hutchinson
40,772
−3.11%
‡

12
Leavenworth
36,210
2.72%
Kansas City

13
Leawood
34,659
8.76%
Kansas City

14
Dodge City
27,720
1.39%
‡

15
Garden City
26,895
0.89%
‡

16
Emporia
24,724
-0.77%
‡

17
Derby
23,673
6.84%
Wichita

18
Junction City
22,988
-1.56%
Manhattan

19
Prairie Village
22,368
4.29%
Kansas City

20
Gardner
21,583
12.86%
Kansas City

21
Hays
20,845
1.63%
‡

22
Pittsburg
20,216
-0.08%
‡

23
Liberal
19,826
-3.41%
‡

24
Newton
18,869
-1.37%
Wichita

25
Great Bend
15,344
−4.07%
‡

*2017 Estimate[46]**Growth rate 2010–2017‡Defined as a micropolitan area

text: Kansas has 627 incorporated cities. By state statute, cities are divided into three classes as determined by the population obtained "by any census of enumeration." A city of the third class has a population of less than 5,000, but cities reaching a population of more than 2,000 may be certified as a city of the second class. The second class is limited to cities with a population of less than 25,000, and upon reaching a population of more than 15,000, they may be certified as a city of the first class. First and second class cities are independent of any township and are not included within the township's territory.

text: Birth data[edit]

text: Note: Births in table don't add up, because Hispanics are counted both by their ethnicity and by their race, giving a higher overall number.

text:
Live Births by Single Race/Ethnicity of Mother

Race

2013[47]

2014[48]

2015[49]

2016[50]

White:

34,178 (88.0%)

34,420 (87.7%)

34,251 (87.5%)

...

> Non-Hispanic White

28,281 (72.8%)

28,504 (72.7%)

28,236 (72.1%)

26,935 (70.8%)

Black

2,967 (7.6%)

3,097 (7.9%)

3,090 (7.9%)

2,543 (6.7%)

Asian

1,401 (3.6%)

1,359 (3.5%)

1,483 (3.8%)

1,299 (3.4%)

American Indian

293 (0.7%)

347 (0.9%)

330 (0.8%)

173 (0.5%)

Hispanic (of any race)

6,143 (15.8%)

6,132 (15.6%)

6,300 (16.1%)

6,298 (16.5%)

Total Kansas

38,839 (100%)

39,223 (100%)

39,154 (100%)

38,053 (100%)

text: Since 2016, data for births of White Hispanic origin are not collected, but included in one Hispanic group; persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.

text: Regions[edit]

text: Northeast Kansas[edit]

text: The northeastern portion of the state, extending from the eastern border to Junction City and from the Nebraska border to south of Johnson County is home to more than 1.5 million people in the Kansas City (Kansas portion), Manhattan, Lawrence, and Topeka metropolitan areas. Overland Park, a young city incorporated in 1960, has the largest population and the largest land area in the county. It is home to Johnson County Community College and the corporate campus of Sprint Nextel, the largest private employer in the metro area. In 2006, the city was ranked as the sixth best place to live in America; the neighboring city of Olathe was 13th.[51]

text: Olathe is the county seat and home to Johnson County Executive Airport. The cities of Olathe, Shawnee, De Soto and Gardner have some of the state's fastest growing populations. The cities of Overland Park, Lenexa, Olathe, De Soto, and Gardner are also notable because they lie along the former route of the Santa Fe Trail. Among cities with at least one thousand residents, Mission Hills has the highest median income in the state.

text: Several institutions of higher education are located in Northeast Kansas including Baker University (the oldest university in the state, founded in 1858 and affiliated with the United Methodist Church) in Baldwin City, Benedictine College (sponsored by St. Benedict's Abbey and Mount St. Scholastica Monastery and formed from the merger of St. Benedict's College (1858) and Mount St. Scholastica College (1923)) in Atchison, MidAmerica Nazarene University in Olathe, Ottawa University in Ottawa and Overland Park, Kansas City Kansas Community College and KU Medical Center in Kansas City, and KU Edwards Campus in Overland Park. Less than an hour's drive to the west, Lawrence is home to the University of Kansas, the largest public university in the state, and Haskell Indian Nations University.

text: To the north, Kansas City, with the second largest land area in the state, contains a number of diverse ethnic neighborhoods. Its attractions include the Kansas Speedway, Sporting Kansas City, Kansas City T-Bones, Schlitterbahn, and The Legends at Village West retail and entertainment center. Nearby, Kansas's first settlement Bonner Springs [14] is home to several national and regional attractions including the Providence Medical Center Amphitheather, the National Agricultural Center and Hall of Fame, and the annual Kansas City Renaissance Festival. Further up the Missouri River, the city of Lansing is the home of the state's first maximum-security prison. Historic Leavenworth, founded in 1854, was the first incorporated city in Kansas. North of the city, Fort Leavenworth is the oldest active Army post west of the Mississippi River. The city of Atchison was an early commercial center in the state and is well known as the birthplace of Amelia Earhart.

text: To the west, nearly a quarter million people reside in the Topeka metropolitan area. Topeka is the state capital and home to Washburn University and Washburn Institute of Technology. Built at a Kansas River crossing along the old Oregon Trail, this historic city has several nationally registered historic places. Further westward along Interstate 70 and the Kansas River is Junction City with its historic limestone and brick buildings and nearby Fort Riley, well known as the home to the U.S. Army's 1st Infantry Division (nicknamed "the Big Red One"). A short distance away, the city of Manhattan is home to Kansas State University, the second-largest public university in the state and the nation's oldest land-grant university, dating back to 1863. South of the campus, Aggieville dates back to 1889 and is the state's oldest shopping district of its kind.

text: Wichita[edit]

text: In south-central Kansas, the Wichita metropolitan area is home to over 600,000 people.[52] Wichita is the largest city in the state in terms of both land area and population. 'The Air Capital' is a major manufacturing center for the aircraft industry and the home of Wichita State University. Before Wichita was 'The Air Capital' it was a Cowtown.[53] With a number of nationally registered historic places, museums, and other entertainment destinations, it has a desire to become a cultural mecca in the Midwest. Wichita's population growth has grown by double digits and the surrounding suburbs are among the fastest growing cities in the state. The population of Goddard has grown by more than 11% per year since 2000.[54]  Other fast-growing cities include Andover, Maize, Park City, Derby, and Haysville.

text: Wichita was one of the first cities to add the city commissioner and city manager in their form of government.[53] Wichita is also home of the nationally recognized Sedgwick County Zoo.[53]

text: Up river (the Arkansas River) from Wichita is the city of Hutchinson. The city was built on one of the world's largest salt deposits, and it has the world's largest and longest wheat elevator. It is also the home of Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center, Prairie Dunes Country Club and the Kansas State Fair. North of Wichita along Interstate 135 is the city of Newton, the former western terminal of the Santa Fe Railroad and trailhead for the famed Chisholm Trail. To the southeast of Wichita are the cities of Winfield and Arkansas City with historic architecture and the Cherokee Strip Museum (in Ark City). The city of Udall was the site of the deadliest tornado in Kansas on May 25, 1955; it killed 80 people in and near the city.[55]  To the southwest of Wichita is Freeport, the state's smallest incorporated city (population 5).

text: Around the state[edit]

text: Located midway between Kansas City, Topeka, and Wichita in the heart of the Bluestem Region of the Flint Hills, the city of Emporia has several nationally registered historic places and is the home of Emporia State University, well known for its Teachers College. It was also the home of newspaper man William Allen White.

text: Southeast Kansas[edit]

text: Southeast Kansas has a unique history with a number of nationally registered historic places in this coal-mining region. Located in Crawford County (dubbed the Fried Chicken Capital of Kansas), Pittsburg is the largest city in the region and the home of Pittsburg State University. The neighboring city of Frontenac in 1888 was the site of the worst mine disaster in the state in which an underground explosion killed 47 miners. "Big Brutus" is located 1.5 miles (2.4 km) outside the city of West Mineral. Along with the restored fort, historic Fort Scott has a national cemetery designated by President Lincoln in 1862.

text: Central and North-Central Kansas[edit]

text: Salina is the largest city in central and north-central Kansas. South of Salina is the small city of Lindsborg with its numerous Dala horses. Much of the architecture and decor of this town has a distinctly Swedish style. To the east along Interstate 70, the historic city of Abilene was formerly a trailhead for the Chisholm Trail and was the boyhood home of President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and is the site of his Presidential Library and the tombs of the former President, First Lady and son who died in infancy. To the west is Lucas, the Grassroots Art Capital of Kansas.

text: Northwest Kansas[edit]

text: Westward along the Interstate, the city of Russell, traditionally the beginning of sparsely-populated northwest Kansas, was the base of former U.S. Senator Bob Dole and the boyhood home of U.S. Senator Arlen Specter. The city of Hays is home to Fort Hays State University and the Sternberg Museum of Natural History, and is the largest city in the northwest with a population of around 20,001.

text: Two other landmarks are located in smaller towns in Ellis County: the "Cathedral of the Plains" is located 10 miles (16 km) east of Hays in Victoria, and the boyhood home of Walter Chrysler is 15 miles (24 km) west of Hays in Ellis. West of Hays, population drops dramatically, even in areas along I-70, and only two towns containing populations of more than 4,000: Colby and Goodland, which are located 35 miles (56 km) apart along I-70.

text: Southwest Kansas[edit]

text: Dodge City, famously known for the cattle drive days of the late 19th century, was built along the old Santa Fe Trail route. The city of Liberal is located along the southern Santa Fe Trail route. The first wind farm in the state was built east of Montezuma. Garden City has the Lee Richardson Zoo. In 1992, a short-lived secessionist movement advocated the secession of several counties in southwest Kansas.

text: Economy[edit]

text: The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that Kansas's total gross domestic product in 2014 was US$140,964 billion.[56] In 2015, the job growth rate in was .8%, among the lowest rate in America with only "10,900 total nonfarm jobs" added that year.[57] According to the Kansas Department of Labor's 2016 report, the average annual wage was $42,930 in 2015.[58] As of April 2016, the state's unemployment rate was 4.2%.[59]

text: The State of Kansas had a $350 million budget shortfall in February 2017.[60] In February 2017, S&P downgraded Kansas's credit rating to AA-.[61]

text: Nearly 90% of Kansas' land is devoted to agriculture.[34] The state's agricultural outputs are cattle, sheep, wheat, sorghum, soybeans, cotton, hogs, corn, and salt. As of 2018, there were 59,600 farms in Kansas, 86 (0.14%) of which are certified organic farms.[34]  The average farm in the state is about 770 acres (more than a square mile), and in 2016, the average cost of running the farm was $300,000.[34]

text: By far, the most significant agricultural crop in the state is wheat.  Eastern Kansas is part of the Grain Belt, an area of major grain production in the central United States. Approximately 40% of all winter wheat grown in the US is grown in Kansas.[34] Roughly 95% of the wheat grown in the state is hard red winter wheat.[34]  During 2016, farmers of conventionally grown wheat farmed 8.2 million acres and harvested an average of 57 bushels of wheat per acre.[34]

text: The industrial outputs are transportation equipment, commercial and private aircraft, food processing, publishing, chemical products, machinery, apparel, petroleum, and mining.

text:
Largest private employers (as of 2016)[62]

Rank

Business

Employees

Location

Industry

No. 1

Spirit AeroSystems

12,000

Wichita

Aviation

No. 2

Sprint Corporation

7,600

Overland Park

Telecommunications

No. 3

Textron Aviation

6,812

Wichita

Aviation

No. 4

General Motors

4,000

Kansas City

Automotive manufacturing

No. 5

Bombardier Aerospace

3,500

Wichita

Aviation

No. 6

Black & Veatch

3,500

Overland Park

Engineering Consulting

No. 7

National Beef

3500

Liberal

Food Products

No. 8

Tyson Foods

3,200

Holcomb

Food Products

No. 9

Performance Contracting

2,900

Lenexa

Roofing & siding

No. 10

National Beef

2,500

Dodge City

Food Products

text: Kansas is ranked eighth in US petroleum production. Production has experienced a steady, natural decline as it becomes increasingly difficult to extract oil over time. Since oil prices bottomed in 1999, oil production in Kansas has remained fairly constant, with an average monthly rate of about 2.8 million barrels (450,000 cubic meters) in 2004. The recent higher prices have made carbon dioxide sequestration and other oil recovery techniques more economical.

text: Kansas is also ranked eighth in US natural gas production. Production has steadily declined since the mid-1990s with the gradual depletion of the Hugoton Natural Gas Field—the state's largest field which extends into Oklahoma and Texas. In 2004, slower declines in the Hugoton gas fields and increased coalbed methane production contributed to a smaller overall decline. Average monthly production was over 32 billion cubic feet (0.91 cubic kilometers).

text: The state's economy is also heavily influenced by the aerospace industry. Several large aircraft corporations have manufacturing facilities in Wichita and Kansas City, including Spirit AeroSystems, Bombardier Aerospace (LearJet), and Textron Aviation (a merger of the former Cessna, Hawker, and Beechcraft brands). Boeing ended a decades-long history of manufacturing in Kansas between 2012 and 2013.

text: Major companies headquartered in Kansas include the Sprint Corporation (with world headquarters in Overland Park), YRC Worldwide (Overland Park), Garmin (Olathe), Payless Shoes (national headquarters and major distribution facilities in Topeka), and Koch Industries (with national headquarters in Wichita), and Coleman (headquarters in Wichita) . Telephone company Embarq formerly had its national headquarters in Overland Park before its acquisition by CenturyTel in 2009, and still employs several hundred people in Gardner.

text: Kansas is also home to three major military installations: Fort Leavenworth (Army), Fort Riley (Army), and McConnell Air Force Base (Air Force). Approximately 25,000 active duty soldiers and airmen are stationed at these bases which also employ approximately 8,000 civilian DoD employees. The US Army Reserve also has the 451st Expeditionary Sustainment Command headquartered in Wichita that serves reservists and their units from around the region. The Kansas National Guard has units at Forbes Field in Topeka and operates the Great Plains Joint Training Center (formerly the Smoky Hill Bomb Range) which is one of the largest and busiest bombing ranges in the nation. During WWII, Kansas was home to numerous Army Air Corps training fields for training new pilots and aircrew. Many of those airfields live on today as municipal airports.

text: Taxes[edit]

text: Revenue shortfalls resulting from lower than expected tax collections and slower growth in personal income following a 1998 permanent tax reduction have contributed to the substantial growth in the state's debt level as bonded debt increased from $1.16 billion in 1998 to $3.83 billion in 2006. Some increase in debt was expected as the state continues with its 10-year Comprehensive Transportation Program enacted in 1999.

text: In 2003, Kansas had three income brackets for income tax calculation, ranging from 3.5% to 6.45%.

text: The state sales tax in Kansas is 6.15%. Various cities and counties in Kansas have an additional local sales tax. Except during the 2001 recession (March–November 2001), when monthly sales tax collections were flat, collections have trended higher as the economy has grown and two rate increases have been enacted. If there had been no change in sales tax rates or in the economy, the total sales tax collections for 2003 whould have been $1,797 million, compared to $805.3 million in 1990. However, they instead amounted to $1,630 million an inflation adjusted reduction of 10%. The state sales tax is a combined destination-based tax, meaning a single tax is applied that includes state, county, and local taxes, and the rate is based on where the consumer takes possession of the goods or services. Thanks to the destination structure and the numerous local special taxing districts, Kansas has 920 separate sales tax rates ranging from 6.5% to 11.5%.[63] This taxing scheme, known as "Streamlined Sales Tax" was adopted on October 1, 2005 under the governorship of Kathleen Sebelius.[64] Groceries are subject to sales tax in the state. All sales tax collected is remitted to the state department of revenue, and local taxes are then distributed to the various taxing agencies.

text: As of June 2004, Moody's Investors Service ranked the state 14th for net tax-supported debt per capita. As a percentage of personal income, it was at 3.8%—above the median value of 2.5% for all rated states and having risen from a value of less than 1% in 1992. The state has a statutory requirement to maintain cash reserves of at least 7.5% of expenses at the end of each fiscal year, however, lawmakers can vote to override the rule, and did so during the most recent budget agreement.

text: During his campaign for the 2010 election, Governor Sam Brownback called for a complete "phase out of Kansas's income tax".[65] In May 2012, Governor Brownback signed into law the Kansas Senate Bill Substitute HB 2117.[66] Starting in 2013, the "ambitious tax overhaul" trimmed income tax, eliminated some corporate taxes, and created pass-through income tax exemptions, he raised the sales tax by one percent to offset the loss to state revenues but that was inadequate. He made cuts to education and some state services to offset lost revenue.[67]  The tax cut led to years of budget shortfalls, culminating in a $350 million budget shortfall in February 2017.  From 2013 to 2017, 300,000 businesses were considered to be pass-through income entities and benefited from the tax exemption. The tax reform "encouraged tens of thousands of Kansans to claim their wages and salaries as income from a business rather than from employment."[60]

text: The economic growth that Brownback anticipated never materialized. He argued that it was because of "low wheat and oil prices and a downturn in aircraft sales."[65] The state general fund debt load was $83 million in fiscal year 2010 and by fiscal year 2017 the debt load sat at $179 million.[68]  In 2016, Governor Brownback earned the title of “most unpopular governor in America”. Only 26 percent of Kansas voters approved of his job performance, compared to 65 percent who said they did not.[69]  In the summer of 2016 S&P Global Ratings downgraded Kansas's credit rating.[61] In February 2017, S&P lowered it to AA-.[61]

text: In February 2017, a bi-partisan coalition presented a bill that would repeal the pass-through income exemption, the "most important provisions of Brownback's overhaul", and raise taxes to make up for the budget shortfall. Brownback vetoed the bill but "45 GOP legislators had voted in favor of the increase, while 40 voted to uphold the governor's veto."[60] On June 6, 2017 a "coalition of Democrats and newly-elected Republicans overrode [Brownback's] veto and implemented tax increases to a level that is close to what it was before 2013.[65] Brownback's tax overhaul was described in a June 2017 article in The Atlantic as the United States' "most aggressive experiment in conservative economic policy".[65] The drastic tax cuts had "threatened the viability of schools and infrastructure" in Kansas.[65]

text: "The Brownback experiment didn’t work. We saw that loud and clear."

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Highways[edit]

text: Kansas is served by two Interstate highways with one beltway, two spur routes, and three bypasses, with over 874 miles (1,407 km) in all. The first section of Interstate in the nation was opened on Interstate 70 (I-70) just west of Topeka on November 14, 1956.[70]

text: I-70 is a major east–west route connecting to Denver, Colorado and Kansas City, Missouri. Cities along this route (from west to east) include Colby, Hays, Salina, Junction City, Topeka, Lawrence, Bonner Springs, and Kansas City.

text: I-35 is a major north–south route connecting to Oklahoma City, Oklahoma and Des Moines, Iowa. Cities along this route (from south to north) include Wichita, El Dorado, Emporia, Ottawa, and Kansas City (and suburbs).

text: Spur routes serve as connections between the two major routes. I-135, a north–south route, connects I-35 at Wichita to I-70 at Salina. I-335, a southwest–northeast route, connects I-35 at Emporia to I-70 at Topeka. I-335 and portions of I-35 and I-70 make up the Kansas Turnpike. Bypasses include I-470 around Topeka, I-235 around Wichita, and I-670 in downtown Kansas City. I-435 is a beltway around the Kansas City metropolitan area while I-635 bypasses through Kansas City.

text: U.S. Route 69 (US-69) travels south to north, from Oklahoma to Missouri. The highway passes through the eastern section of Kansas, traveling through Baxter Springs, Pittsburg, Frontenac, Fort Scott, Louisburg, and the Kansas City area.

text: Kansas also has the country's third largest state highway system after Texas and California. This is because of the high number of counties and county seats (105) and their intertwining.

text: In January 2004, the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) announced the new Kansas 511 traveler information service.[71]  By dialing 511, callers will get access to information about road conditions, construction, closures, detours and weather conditions for the state highway system. Weather and road condition information is updated every 15 minutes.

text: Interstate Highways[edit]

text:
I-35
 I-135 (formerly known as I-35W)
 I-235
 I-335
 I-435
 I-635
 I-70
 I-470
 I-670

text: U.S. Routes through Kansas[edit]

text:
US-24
 US-36
 US-40
 US-50
 US-54
 US-56
 US-59
 US-159
 US-160
 US-166
 US-69
 US-169
 US-270
 US-73
 US-75
 US-77
 US-177
 US-81
 US-281
 US-83
 US-183
 US-283
 US-400

text: Aviation[edit]

text: The state's only major commercial (Class C) airport is Wichita Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport, located along US-54 on the western edge of the city. Manhattan Regional Airport in Manhattan offers daily flights to Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and Chicago's O'Hare International Airport, making it the second-largest commercial airport in the state.[72]  Most air travelers in northeastern Kansas fly out of Kansas City International Airport, located in Platte County, Missouri.

text: In the state's southeastern part, people often use Tulsa International Airport in Tulsa, Oklahoma or Joplin Regional Airport in Joplin, Missouri. For those in the far western part of the state, Denver International Airport is a popular option. Connecting flights are also available from smaller Kansas airports in Dodge City, Garden City, Hays, Hutchinson, Liberal, or Salina.

text: Rail[edit]

text: Passenger Rail[edit]

text: The Southwest Chief Amtrak route runs through the state on its route from Chicago to Los Angeles. Stops in Kansas include Lawrence, Topeka, Newton, Hutchinson, Dodge City, and Garden City.[73] An Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach connects Newton and Wichita to the Heartland Flyer in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.[74] Amtrak is proposing to modify the Southwest Chief from its status as a direct passenger rail operation. Plans call for shortening the route to Los Angeles to Albuquerque. Thruway buses would replace the train on the route between Albuquerque and Dodge City, where train service east to Chicago would resume.[75]

text: Freight Rail[edit]

text: Kansas is served by four Class I railroads, Amtrak, BNSF, Kansas City Southern, and Union Pacific, as well as many shortline railroads.[76]

text: Law and government[edit]

text: State and local politics[edit]

text: Executive branch: The executive branch consists of  one officer and five elected officers. The governor and lieutenant governor are elected on the same ticket. The attorney general, secretary of state, state treasurer, and state insurance commissioner are each elected separately. Five of six top executive offices of Kansas are Republican. Governor Jeff Colyer took office on January 31, 2018 to fill the unexpired term of governor Sam Brownback who resigned to become a U.S. Ambassador. Elected in 2010 were the Attorney General Derek Schmidt of Independence; the Secretary of State Kris Kobach, of Kansas City; the State Treasurer Jacob LaTurner, of Galena; and the Insurance Commissioner Ken Selzer, of Topeka.

text: Legislative branch: The bicameral Kansas Legislature consists of the Kansas House of Representatives, with 125 members serving two-year terms, and the Kansas Senate, with 40 members serving four-year terms. Currently, 31 of the 40 Senators are Republican and 85 of the 125 Representatives are Republican.

text: Judicial branch: The judicial branch of the state government is headed by the Kansas Supreme Court. The court has seven judges. A vacancy is filled by the Governor picking one of three nominees selected by the nine-member Kansas Supreme Court Nominating Commission. The board consists of five Kansas lawyers elected by other Kansas lawyers and four members selected by the governor.

text:
State symbols

Amphibian: barred tiger salamander
Animal: American bison
Bird: western meadowlark
Flower: sunflower
Insect: European honey bee
Motto: Ad astra per aspera, or "To the stars through difficulties"
Reptile: ornate box turtle
Soil: Harney silt loam
Song: "Home on the Range"
Tree: cottonwood
Seal: symbols of commerce (river, steamboat) and agriculture (farmer plowing) adopted 1861

text: Political culture[edit]

text: Since the mid-20th century, Kansas has remained one of the most socially conservative states in the nation. The 1990s brought the defeat of prominent Democrats, including Dan Glickman, and the Kansas State Board of Education's 1999 decision to eliminate evolution from the state teaching standards, a decision that was later reversed.[77] In 2005, voters accepted a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage. The next year, the state passed a law setting a minimum age for marriage at 15 years.[78] Kansas's path to a solid Republican state has been examined by historian Thomas Frank in his 2004 book What's the Matter with Kansas?.

text: Kansas has a history of many firsts in legislative initiatives—it was the first state to institute a system of workers' compensation (1910) and to regulate the securities industry (1911). Kansas also permitted women's suffrage in 1912, almost a decade before the federal constitution was amended to require it. Suffrage in all states would not be guaranteed until ratification of the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920.

text: The council–manager government model was adopted by many larger Kansas cities in the years following World War I while many American cities were being run by political machines or organized crime, notably the Pendergast Machine in neighboring Kansas City, Missouri. Kansas was also at the center of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, a 1954 Supreme Court decision that banned racially segregated schools throughout the U.S.

text: The state backed Republicans Wendell Willkie and Thomas E. Dewey in 1940 and 1944, respectively. Kansas also supported Dewey in 1948 despite the presence of incumbent president Harry S. Truman, who hailed from Independence, Missouri, approximately 15 miles (24 km) east of the Kansas–Missouri state line. Since Roosevelt carried Kansas in 1932 and 1936, only one Democrat has won Kansas's electoral votes, Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964.

text: In 2008, Governor Kathleen Sebelius vetoed permits for the construction of new coal-fired energy plants in Kansas, saying: "We know that greenhouse gases contribute to climate change. As an agricultural state, Kansas is particularly vulnerable. Therefore, reducing pollutants benefits our state not only in the short term – but also for generations of Kansans to come."[79] However, shortly after Mark Parkinson became governor in 2009 upon Sebelius's resignation to become Secretary of U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Parkinson announced a compromise plan to allow construction of a coal-fired plant.

text: In 2010, Sam Brownback was elected governor with 63 percent of the state vote. He was sworn in as governor in 2011, Kansas's first Republican governor in eight years. Brownback had established himself as a conservative member of the U.S. Senate in years prior, but since becoming governor has made several controversial decisions, leading to a 23% approval rating among registered voters, the lowest of any governor in the United States.[80] In May 2011, much to the opposition of art leaders and enthusiasts in the state, Brownback eliminated the Kansas Arts Commission, making Kansas the first state without an arts agency.[81] In July 2011, Brownback announced plans to close the Lawrence branch of the Kansas Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services as a cost-saving measure. Hundreds rallied against the decision.[82] Lawrence City Commission later voted to provide the funding needed to keep the branch open.[83]

text: National politics[edit]

text: The state's current delegation to the Congress of the United States includes Republican Senators Pat Roberts of Dodge City and Jerry Moran of Manhattan; and Republican Representatives Roger Marshall of Great Bend (District 1), Lynn Jenkins of Topeka (District 2), Kevin Yoder of Overland Park (District 3), and Ron Estes of Wichita (District 4).

text: Historically, Kansas has been strongly Republican, dating from the Antebellum age when the Republican Party was created out of the movement opposing the extension of slavery into Kansas Territory. Kansas has not elected a Democrat to the U.S. Senate since the 1932 election, when Franklin D. Roosevelt won his first term as President in the wake of the Great Depression. This is the longest Senate losing streak for either party in a single state. Senator Sam Brownback was a candidate for the Republican party nomination for President in 2008. Brownback was not a candidate for re-election to a third full term in 2010, but he was elected Governor in that year's general election. Moran defeated Tiahrt for the Republican nomination for Brownback's seat in the August 2010 primary, then won a landslide general election victory over Democrat Lisa Johnston.

text: The only non-Republican presidential candidates Kansas has given its electoral vote to are Populist James Weaver and Democrats Woodrow Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt (twice), and Lyndon Johnson. In 2004, George W. Bush won the state's six electoral votes by an overwhelming margin of 25 percentage points with 62% of the vote. The only two counties to support Democrat John Kerry in that election were Wyandotte, which contains Kansas City, and Douglas, home to the University of Kansas, located in Lawrence. The 2008 election brought similar results as John McCain won the state with 57% of the votes. Douglas, Wyandotte, and Crawford County were the only counties in support of President Barack Obama.[84]

text: Abilene was the boyhood home to Republican president Dwight D. Eisenhower, and he maintained lifelong ties to family and friends there. Kansas was the adult home of two losing Republican candidates (Governor Alf Landon in 1936 and Senator Bob Dole in 1996).

text: The New York Times reported in September 2014 that as the Democratic candidate for Senator has tried to drop out of the race, independent Greg Orman has attracted enough bipartisan support to seriously challenge the reelection bid of Republican Pat Roberts:

text: State laws[edit]

text: The legal drinking age in Kansas is 21. In lieu of the state retail sales tax, a 10% Liquor Drink Tax is collected for liquor consumed on the licensed premises and an 8% Liquor Enforcement Tax is collected on retail purchases. Although the sale of cereal malt beverage (also known as 3.2 beer) was legalized in 1937, the first post-Prohibition legalization of alcoholic liquor did not occur until the state's constitution was amended in 1948. The following year the Legislature enacted the Liquor Control Act which created a system of regulating, licensing, and taxing, and the Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control (ABC) was created to enforce the act. The power to regulate cereal malt beverage remains with the cities and counties. Liquor-by-the-drink did not become legal until passage of an amendment to the state's constitution in 1986 and additional legislation the following year. As of November 2006, Kansas still has 29 dry counties and only 17 counties have passed liquor-by-the-drink with no food sales requirement.[86] Today there are more than 2,600 liquor and 4,000 cereal malt beverage licensees in the state.[87]

text: Education[edit]

text: Education in Kansas is governed at the primary and secondary school level by the Kansas State Board of Education. The state's public colleges and universities are supervised by the Kansas Board of Regents.

text: Twice since 1999 the Board of Education has approved changes in the state science curriculum standards that encouraged the teaching of intelligent design. Both times, the standards were reversed after changes in the composition of the board in the next election.

text: Culture[edit]

text: Music[edit]

text: The rock band Kansas was formed in the state capital of Topeka, the hometown of several of the band's members.

text: Joe Walsh, guitarist for the famous rock band the Eagles, was born in Wichita.

text: Singers from Kansas include Leavenworth native Melissa Etheridge, Sharon native Martina McBride, Chanute native Jennifer Knapp (whose first album was titled Kansas), Kansas City native Janelle Monáe, and Liberal native Jerrod Niemann.

text: Literature[edit]

text: The state's most famous appearance in literature was as the home of Dorothy Gale, the main character in the novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1900). Laura Ingalls Wilder's Little House on the Prairie, published in 1935, is another well-known tale about Kansas.

text: Kansas was also the setting of the 1965 best-seller In Cold Blood, described by its author Truman Capote as a "nonfiction novel." Mixing fact and fiction, the book chronicles the events and aftermath of the 1959 murder of a wealthy farmer and his family who lived in the small West Kansas town of Holcomb in Finney County.

text: The winner of the 2011 Newbery Medal for excellence in children's literature, Moon Over Manifest, tells the story of a young and adventurous girl named Abilene who is sent to the fictional town of Manifest, Kansas, by her father in the summer of 1936. It was written by Kansan Clare Vanderpool.

text: Lawrence is the setting for a number of science fiction writer James Gunn's novels.

text: Film[edit]

text:
As was the case with the novel, the main character in the 1939 fantasy film The Wizard of Oz was a young girl who lived in Kansas with her aunt and uncle. The line, "We're not in Kansas anymore", has entered into the English lexicon as a phrase describing a wholly new and/or unexpected situation.[88]
The 1967 feature film In Cold Blood, like the book on which it was based, was set in various locations across Kansas. Many of the scenes in the film were filmed at the exact locations where the events profiled in the book took place. A 1996 TV miniseries was also based on the book.
The 1988 film Kansas starred Andrew McCarthy as a traveler who met up with a dangerous wanted drifter played by Matt Dillon.
The 2005 film Capote, for which Philip Seymour Hoffman was awarded the Academy Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of the title character, profiled the author as he traveled across Kansas while writing In Cold Blood (although most of the film itself was shot in the Canadian province of Manitoba).
The setting of The Day After, a 1983 made-for-television movie about a fictional nuclear attack, was the city of Lawrence.
The 2013 film Man of Steel is set primarily in Kansas (as Superman is from Smallville, Kansas – a fictitious town).
The 2012 film Looper is set in Kansas.
The 1973 film Paper Moon in which Tatum O'Neal won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress (The youngest to win an Academy Award) was based in and filmed in Kansas. The film was shot in the small towns of Hays; McCracken; Wilson; and St. Joseph, Missouri. Various shooting locations include the Midland Hotel at Wilson; the railway depot at Gorham; storefronts and buildings on Main Street in White Cloud; Hays; sites on both sides of the Missouri River; Rulo Bridge; and Saint Joseph, Missouri.
Scenes of the 1996 film Mars Attacks! took place in the fictional town of Perkinsville. Scenes taking place in Kansas were filmed in Burns, Lawrence, and Wichita.
The 2007 film The Lookout is set mostly in Kansas (although filmed in Canada). Specifically two locations; Kansas City and the fictional town of Noel, Kansas.[89]
The 2012 documentary The Gridiron was filmed at The University of Kansas
The 2014 ESPN documentary No Place Like Home was filmed in Lawrence and the countryside of Douglas County, Kansas
The 2017 film Thank You for Your Service is primarily set in Kansas, including the cities of Topeka and Junction City.
The 2017 documentary When Kings Reigned was filmed in Lawrence.

text: Television[edit]

text:
The protagonist brothers of the 2005 TV show Supernatural hail from Lawrence, with the city referenced numerous times on the show.
2006 TV series Jericho was based in the fictitious town of Jericho, Kansas, surviving post-nuclear America.
Early seasons of Smallville, about Superman as a teenager, were based in a fictional town in Kansas.
Gunsmoke, a radio series western, ran from 1952 to 1961, took place in Dodge City, Kansas.
Gunsmoke, television series, the longest running prime time show of the 20th century, ran from September 10, 1955 to March 31, 1975 for a total of 635 episodes.
The 2009 Showtime series United States of Tara is set in Overland Park, a suburb of Kansas City.

text: Sports[edit]

text: Professional[edit]

text:
Team

Sport

League

City

Sporting Kansas City

Soccer

Major League Soccer

Kansas City

Swope Park Rangers

Soccer

United Soccer League

Overland Park

Kansas City T-Bones

Baseball

American Association

Kansas City

Garden City Wind

Baseball

Pecos League

Garden City

Salina Liberty

Indoor Football

Champions Indoor Football

Salina

Wichita Thunder

Ice hockey

ECHL

Wichita

Wichita Force

Indoor Football

Champions Indoor Football

Wichita

Wichita Wingnuts

Baseball

American Association

Wichita

text: Sporting Kansas City, who have played their home games at Village West in Kansas City, since 2008, are the first top-tier professional sports league and first Major League Soccer team to be located within Kansas. In 2011 the team moved to their new home, a $165m soccer specific stadium now known as Children's Mercy Park.

text: Historically, Kansans have supported the major league sports teams of Kansas City, Missouri, including the Kansas City Royals (MLB), the Kansas City Chiefs (NFL) and the Kansas City Brigade (AFL) – in part because the home stadiums for these teams are a few miles from the Kansas border. The Chiefs and the Royals play at the Truman Sports Complex, located about 10 miles (16 km) from the Kansas–Missouri state line. The Kansas City Brigade play in the newly opened Sprint Center, which is even closer to the state line at 1.5 miles (2.4 km). FC Kansas City, a charter member of the National Women's Soccer League, played the 2013 season, the first for both the team and the league, on the Kansas side of the metropolitan area, but played on the Missouri side until folding after the 2017 season. From 1973 to 1997 the flagship radio station for the Royals was WIBW in Topeka.[90]

text: Some Kansans, mostly from the westernmost parts of the state, support the professional sports teams of Denver, particularly the Denver Broncos of the NFL.

text: Two major auto racing facilities are located in Kansas. The Kansas Speedway located in Kansas City hosts races of the NASCAR, IndyCar, and ARCA circuits. Also, the National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) holds drag racing events at Heartland Park Topeka. The Sports Car Club of America has its national headquarters in Topeka.

text: History[edit]

text: The history of professional sports in Kansas probably dates from the establishment of the minor league baseball Topeka Capitals and Leavenworth Soldiers in 1886 in the Western League.[91][92] The African-American Bud Fowler played on the Topeka team that season, one year before the "color line" descended on professional baseball.[92]

text: In 1887, the Western League was dominated by a reorganized Topeka team called the Golden Giants – a high-priced collection of major leaguer players, including Bug Holliday, Jim Conway, Dan Stearns, Perry Werden and Jimmy Macullar, which won the league by 15½ games.[92] On April 10, 1887, the Golden Giants also won an exhibition game from the defending World Series champions, the St. Louis Browns (the present-day Cardinals), by a score of 12–9. However, Topeka was unable to support the team, and it disbanded after one year.

text: The first night game in the history of professional baseball was played in Independence on April 28, 1930 when the Muscogee (Oklahoma) Indians beat the Independence Producers 13 to 3 in a minor league game sanctioned by the Western League of the Western Baseball Association with 1,500 fans attending the game. The permanent lighting system was first used for an exhibition game on April 17, 1930 between the Independence Producers and House of David semi-professional baseball team of Benton Harbor, Michigan with the Independence team winning with a score of 9 to 1 before a crowd of 1,700 spectators.[93]

text: College[edit]

text: The governing body for intercollegiate sports in the United States, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), was headquartered in Johnson County, Kansas from 1952 until moving to Indianapolis in 1999.[94][95]

text: NCAA Division I schools[edit]

text: While there are no franchises of the four major professional sports within the state, many Kansans are fans of the state's major college sports teams, especially the Jayhawks of the University of Kansas (KU), and the Wildcats of Kansas State University (KSU or "K-State"). Both teams are rivals in the Big 12 Conference.

text: Both KU and K-State have tradition-rich programs in men's basketball. The Jayhawks are a perennial national power, ranking second in all-time victories among NCAA programs, behind Kentucky. The Jayhawks have won five national titles, including NCAA tournament championships in 1952, 1988, and 2008. They also were retroactively awarded national championships by the Helms Foundation for 1922 and 1923. K-State also had a long stretch of success on the hardwood, lasting from the 1940s to the 1980s, making four Final Fours during that stretch. In 1988, KU and K-State met in the Elite Eight, KU taking the game 71–58. After a 12-year absence, the Wildcats returned to the NCAA tournament in 2008 and advanced to the Elite Eight in 2010. KU is fifth all-time with 14 Final Four appearances, while K-State's four appearances are tied for 17th.

text: Conversely, success on the gridiron has been less frequent for both KSU and KU.  However, there have been recent breakthroughs for both schools' football teams.  The Jayhawks won the Orange Bowl for the first time in three tries in 2008, capping a 12–1 season, the best in school history. And when Bill Snyder arrived to coach at K-State in 1989, he turned the Wildcats from one of the worst college football programs in America into a national force for most of the 1990s and early 2000s. The team won the Fiesta Bowl in 1997, achieved an undefeated (11–0) regular season and No. 1 ranking in 1998, and took the Big 12 Conference championship in 2003. After three seasons in which K-State football languished, Snyder came out of retirement in 2009 and guided them to the top of the college football ranks again, finishing second in the Big 12 in 2011 and earning a berth in the Cotton Bowl, and winning the Big 12 again in 2012.

text: Wichita State University, which also fields teams (called the Shockers) in Division I of the NCAA, is best known for its baseball and basketball programs. In baseball, the Shockers won the College World Series in 1989. In men's basketball, they appeared in the Final Four in 1965 and 2013, and entered the 2014 NCAA tournament unbeaten. The school also fielded a football team from 1897 to 1986. The Shocker football team is tragically known for a plane crash in 1970 that killed 31 people, including 14 of the team's players.

text: NCAA Division II schools[edit]

text: Notable success has also been achieved by the state's smaller schools in football. Pittsburg State University, a NCAA Division II participant, has claimed four national titles in football, two in the NAIA and most recently the 2011 NCAA Division II national title. Pittsburg State became the winningest NCAA Division II football program in 1995. PSU passed Hillsdale College at the top of the all-time victories list in the 1995 season on its march to the national runner-up finish. The Gorillas, in 96 seasons of intercollegiate competition, have accumulated 579 victories – posting a 579–301–48 overall mark.

text: Washburn University, in Topeka, won the NAIA Men's Basketball Championship in 1987. The Fort Hays State University men won the 1996 NCAA Division II title with a 34–0 record, and the Washburn women won the 2005 NCAA Division II crown. St. Benedict's College (now Benedictine College), in Atchison, won the 1954 and 1967 Men's NAIA Basketball Championships.

text: The Kansas Collegiate Athletic Conference has its roots as one of the oldest college sport conferences in existence and participates in the NAIA and all ten member schools are in the state of Kansas. Other smaller school conference that have some members in Kansas are the Heartland Conference, the Midlands Collegiate Athletic Conference, the Midwest Christian College Conference, and the Heart of America Athletic Conference. Many junior colleges also have active athletic programs.

text: High school[edit]

text: The Kansas State High School Activities Association (KSHSAA) is the organization which oversees interscholastic competition in the state of Kansas at the high school level. It oversees both athletic and non-athletic competition, and sponsors championships in several sports and activities. The association is perhaps best known for devising the overtime system now used for almost all football games below the professional level (which has also been adopted at all levels of Canadian football).

text: Notable people[edit]

text: Landmarks[edit]


document_title: The Doctor (Once Upon a Time)

question_text: who is the doctor from once upon a time

question_tokens: who is the doctor from once upon a time

root

text: The Doctor (Once Upon a Time)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Opening Sequence[edit]

text: An electrical storm is featured in a black and white forest.

tag: p

text: Event Chronology[edit]

text: The Enchanted Forest events happen after "We Are Both" and before "Quite a Common Fairy". The Storybrooke events happen after "Broken (Once Upon a Time)".

text: In the Characters' Past[edit]

text: In the Enchanted Forest, Rumplestiltskin (Robert Carlyle) is preparing to teach Regina (Lana Parrilla) everything she needs to know about magic. It is not as easy as it seems, especially after she struggles to take the heart out of a unicorn. She protests over doing this, but he tells Regina, “Nothing is innocent,” before taking the unicorn's heart out himself. He also tells her not even magic will bring her fiancé Daniel (Noah Bean) back to life. The Mad Hatter/Jefferson (Sebastian Stan) later arrives to overhear the two and shows off a crystal ball that Rumplestiltskin has requested. Rumplestiltskin, however, had told the Mad Hatter that he actually needs “the slippers” to enter a realm with no magic, since the Mad Hatter’s hat can only travel between realms with magic. Now that they meet for the first time, Jefferson tells Regina he has heard of a “wizard” who can help her bring back Daniel. They travel to see this person, who prefers to be called a doctor. As he examines Daniel's body, the doctor tells Regina that he is an ideal candidate for his “experimental” procedure, though, he still needs an enchanted heart, as normal ones cannot withstand the procedure. Regina lets him pick one from Cora’s vault of living hearts. That night, the doctor begins his work on restoring Daniel to life, but announces his failure. This devastates Regina, who returns to being Rumplestiltskin’s pupil and demonstrates her readiness by ripping the heart out of his new protegée, crushing it to prove her advancement. It is revealed that Rumplestiltskin was actually in league with the doctor, who exchanged the strong heart for the “monster” he got in Regina, and the Mad Hatter, who allowed him safe passage back to his world, the Land Without Color. Before departing, Rumplestiltskin and the Mad Hatter scoff at the doctor's claims that science is more powerful than magic. Rumplestiltskin bets that the doctor will one day see things his way, much to the doctor's doubts.

text: It is later revealed that the doctor took the strong heart Regina gave him back to his laboratory, where he hands over the prized possession to his assistant and places it inside the body of the doctor's dead brother so he can bring him back to life. The doctor is revealed to be none other than Victor Frankenstein (David Anders), and that he relies on science, not magic.

text: In the Enchanted Forest[edit]

text: As Emma Swan (Jennifer Morrison), Snow White/Mary Margaret (Ginnifer Goodwin), Mulan (Jamie Chung) and Aurora (Sarah Bolger) return to the island from the castle, the foursome discover that everyone at the camp has been killed and their hearts ripped out by Cora. However, they discover Captain Hook/Killian Jones (Colin O'Donoghue) hiding among the bodies. Hook claims that he was the only survivor and pretends to act like a traumatized victim in an effort to gain their trust. However, Emma is suspicious of his claim, and is convinced that he is lying about the attack. She ties him to a tree and threatens to leave him to the ogres if he does not confess; Hook finally comes clean and reveals his identity along with Cora's plans to travel to Storybrooke. Hook then tells the four women that Cora is searching for an enchanted compass that he will help them find, so they could get back to Storybrooke if they take him back with them. Emma asks him why, and Hook reveals that it is so he can kill Rumplestiltskin. While Snow senses that Hook is using this plan to throw them off, Emma is aware of Hook's deception, knowing that as long as they don't trust him, they won't be surprised if he double-crosses them. The five individuals then prepare for their quest to search for the compass, which happens to be located at the top of an enormous beanstalk.

text: In Storybrooke[edit]

text: Dr. Whale/Victor Frankenstein approaches Prince Charming/David Nolan(Josh Dallas), who then punches him for sleeping with Snow White/Mary Margaret. Dr. Whale asks David if there may be a chance that they could find another portal that could lead them to another world, and hopefully find Dr. Whale's missing brother. Dr. Whale suspects that Regina may have the answer. Meanwhile, Regina is visiting Jiminy Cricket/Dr. Archie Hopper (Raphael Sbarge) for a series of sessions to let go of using her magic so she can see Henry (Jared S. Gilmore) again. Dr. Whale bursts into Archie's office and confronts Regina during her session to demand that she send him back to his world so he can find his brother. Regina, however, tells Archie that she only brought along whom she wanted, including the body of her beloved Daniel that she preserved with a spell. Later that night, while driving home in the rain, Regina sees whom she believes is Daniel roaming the streets, then finds his glass coffin empty, leading her to believe that Dr. Whale is behind this. As Regina arrives at the hospital to confront the doctor, she sees him on the lab floor with his arm ripped off. Dr. Whale confesses to Regina that he has brought Daniel back, but he has become a "monster." The following morning, David confronts Regina at the hospital; she tells him about what Dr. Whale did, and David reveals that he knows what Snow White/Mary Margaret did to her that started this immense hatred. Regina suggests to David that the resurrected Daniel is reliving his last thoughts and probably has gone to the stables. Unfortunately, Henry is also there, tending to the new horse that David gave him.

text: At the stables, Daniel finds Henry and begins to strangle him, believing that Henry is Cora trying to pull his heart out. David and Regina stop him before he can do any harm, allowing Henry to escape. David locks Daniel in the stable; he is ready to kill Daniel with his gun, but Regina insists she can talk to him. She manages to get as far as pulling the "real Daniel" out long enough for him to urge her to stop the pain, and let go of their feelings for each other. Just as he loses control and attempts to kill Regina, she tearfully immobilizes him, then vaporizes him. Later, Regina returns to Archie, confessing that she has used magic. Dr. Whale shows up at Mr. Gold's pawn shop to get his arm reattached. Rumplestiltskin/Mr. Gold makes him first admit that he needs magic to prove to Whale that magic is superior to science; after he magically reattaches his arm, Dr. Whale thanks him and leaves.

text: Production[edit]

text: "The Doctor" was co-written by executive producers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz, while Lost veteran Paul Edwards served as director.[2] David Anders was persuaded to take the part of Dr. Whale after discovering his counterpart would be Dr. Frankenstein, though it took the series a year to reveal Whale's fairytale counterpart. Anders drew inspiration from Gene Wilder and the film Young Frankenstein.[3]

text: This episode marks the final appearance by actor Sebastian Stan as the Mad Hatter/Jefferson. He departed the series due to his obligations to the Broadway play Picnic and the Marvel feature film Captain America: The Winter Soldier.[4]

text: Cultural references[edit]

text:
Victor Frankenstein and his "monster" are the primary characters from Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein, which was written in 1818. While the story of Victor Frankenstein originates in the novel, the more well known version, (and the one alluded to in the episode, i.e. black & white) is the classic 1931 horror film Frankenstein. Such references include the use of lightning to bring the monster back to life (a process not detailed in the book), a bad heart (in the movie, brain) causing the monster to go bad, a lab assistant (a hunchback in the movies, while in the novel, Victor worked alone in secret), and the famous line "it's alive!" Also, Dr. Whale's arm is ripped out of its socket by Daniel, just like the police inspector in Son of Frankenstein.[citation needed] Frankenstein's Storybrooke name of Whale is a reference to James Whale, who directed Frankenstein and its 1935 sequel, Bride of Frankenstein.[5][6]
The Wizard of Oz is briefly alluded to near the start of the episode when Jefferson gives Rumplestiltskin a crystal ball in lieu of the slippers he was sent to find. Jefferson says the slippers had "been sent to another land" to which Rumplestiltskin replies, "I needed the slippers to 'get' to that other land."[5][6]
Among other references to Lost on the series (Kitsis and Horowitz, the creators of this series were producers on Lost), in this episode Rumplestiltskin tells Regina that "Dead is dead", the title of a Lost episode.

tag: ul

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: For the second week in a row (in spite of fears that Hurricane Sandy would affect the Eastern United States, which would've caused ABC affiliates to preempt the show if it became serious), this outing helped the series post another increase in the ratings, scoring a 3.4/8 among 18-49s with 9.7 million viewers tuning in, despite the competition it had from NBC's Sunday Night Football and Fox's broadcast of Game 4 of the 2012 World Series.[7]

text: Reviews[edit]

text: The episode was met with mixed to positive reviews from critics.

text: Entertainment Weekly's Hilary Busis liked the episode, but somehow questioned the show creators' sudden inclusion of characters that were written in the 1800s into the storylines: "Maybe it's best not to anger the all-powerful sorcerers. Instead, let's talk about their televised creation: 'The Doctor,' which revealed that Dr. Whale was once known as Dr. Horrible—I mean, Dr. Victor Frankenstein. Though I know that not all of Once's 'fairy land' characters actually hail from folklore—like Frankenstein, Pinocchio and the Mad Hatter are both inventions of 19th century novelists—I've still got mixed feelings about bringing Mary Shelley's classic into OUAT's potent public domain stew. If any and all stories are fair game, where will the show's writers draw the line? Will future episodes feature Emma befriending Elizabeth Bennet and Jo March, then trying to reunite Romeo and Juliet? It just seems like expanding the show's world beyond fairy tales and Disney properties—like Captain Hook—has the potential to turn Once into a giant, fanfiction-y mess."[6]

text: The Huffington Post's Laura Prudom also gave it mixed reviews: "This week's 'Once Upon a Time' certainly fit in with the rest of ABC's Halloween fare, with an abundance of lightning and shambling monsters and creepy heart stealing—but the end result left me a little cold."[5]

text: The A.V. Club gave the episode a B: "With Halloween just around the corner, Once Upon A Time tries its hand at a spooky Regina-centric episode that not only features some considerable character development, but also moves the plot forward," and added that "it’s a solid episode that incorporates much of this series’ rapidly expanding cast, and it poses some interesting questions about the nature of this show’s alternate worlds."[8]

text: TV Overmind had reservations about this episode, noting that "this week's Once Upon a Time finally revealed Dr. Whale's true identity, but that discovery - and the story that played out in Storybrooke - made for a bit of a strange episode. While it's always nice to get insight into the emotions of the characters, the truth is that what happened in Regina's Storybrooke arc in this episode didn't really move the overall plot forward.[9]

text: IGN's Amy Ratcliffe called the episode "great," giving it an 8.0 out of 10. She highly favored the storyline between Regina and Rumplestiltskin. She also praised David Anders performance as Dr. Frankenstein, calling him "fantastically creepy."[10]


document_title: List of Attack on Titan episodes

question_text: how many episodes are in attack on titan season 1

text: List of Attack on Titan episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired125April 7, 2013 (2013-04-07)September 29, 2013 (2013-09-29)212April 1, 2017 (2017-04-01)June 17, 2017 (2017-06-17)312July 23, 2018 (2018-07-23)TBA

tag: table

text: Episode list[edit]

text: Each episode contains one or two panels entitled "Information Available for Public Disclosure" presenting data about human society or the Titans.

text: Season 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date [2][18]English air date11"To You, in 2000 Years: The Fall of Shiganshina, Part 1""Ni-sen Nen-go no Kimi e -Shiganshina Kanraku (1)-" (二千年後の君へ ―シガンシナ陥落①―)Hiroyuki TanakaTetsurō ArakiYasuko KobayashiApril 7, 2013May 3, 2014
22"That Day: The Fall of Shiganshina, Part 2""Sono Hi -Shiganshina Kanraku (2)-" (その日 ―シガンシナ陥落②―)Masashi KoizukaYasuko KobayashiApril 14, 2013May 10, 2014
33"A Dim Light Amid Despair: Humanity's Comeback, Part 1""Zetsubō no Naka de Nibuku Hikaru -Jinrui no Saiki (1)-" (絶望の中で鈍く光る ―人類の再起①―)Kiyoshi FukumotoHiroshi SekoApril 21, 2013May 17, 2014
44"The Night of the Closing Ceremony: Humanity's Comeback, Part 2""Kaisan Shiki no Yoru -Jinrui no Saiki (2)-" (解散式の夜 ―人類の再起②―)Makoto BesshoYasuko KobayashiApril 28, 2013May 24, 2014
55"First Battle: The Struggle for Trost, Part 1""Uijin -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (1)-" (初陣　―トロスト区攻防戦①―)Shinpei EzakiHiroshi SekoMay 5, 2013May 31, 2014
66"The World the Girl Saw: The Struggle for Trost, Part 2""Shōjo ga Mita Sekai -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (2)-" (少女が見た世界　―トロスト区攻防戦②―)Tomomi IkedaHiroshi SekoMay 12, 2013June 7, 2014
77"Small Blade: The Struggle for Trost, Part 3""Chiisana Yaiba -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (3)-" (小さな刃　―トロスト区攻防戦③―)Yuzuru TachikawaHiroshi SekoMay 19, 2013June 14, 2014
88"I Can Hear His Heartbeat: The Struggle for Trost, Part 4""Shinzō no Kodō ga Kikoeru -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (4)-" (心臓の鼓動が聞こえる ―トロスト区攻防戦④―)Satonobu KikuchiShinpei EzakiTatsuma MinamikawaNoboru TakagiMay 26, 2013June 21, 2014
99"Whereabouts of His Left Arm: The Struggle for Trost, Part 5""Hidariude no Yukue -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (5)-" (左腕の行方 ―トロスト区攻防戦⑤―)Yoshiyuki FujiwaraYasuko KobayashiJune 2, 2013June 28, 2014
1010"Response: The Struggle for Trost, Part 6""Kotaeru -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (6)-" (応える ―トロスト区攻防戦⑥―)Hiroyuki TanakaHiroshi SekoJune 9, 2013July 12, 2014[19]
1111"Idol: The Struggle for Trost, Part 7""Gūzō -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (7)-" (偶像 ―トロスト区攻防戦⑦―)Kiyoshi FukumotoHiroshi SekoJune 16, 2013July 19, 2014
1212"Wound: The Struggle for Trost, Part 8""Kizu -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (8)-" (傷 ―トロスト区攻防戦⑧―)Shintaro ItogaNoboru TakagiJune 23, 2013July 26, 2014
1313"Primal Desire: The Struggle for Trost, Part 9""Genshoteki Yokkyū -Torosuto-ku Kōbōsen (9)-" (原初的欲求 ―トロスト区攻防戦⑨―)Masashi KoizukaNoboru TakagiJune 30, 2013August 2, 2014
13.513.5"Since That Day""Ano Hi kara" (あの日から)Hiroyuki Tanaka—July 7, 2013—
1414"Can't Look Into His Eyes Yet: Eve of the Counterattack, Part 1[20]""Mada Me o Mirenai -Hangeki Zen'ya (1)-" (まだ目を見れない ―反撃前夜①―)Keisuke OnishiShinpei EzakiYasuko KobayashiJuly 14, 2013August 9, 2014
1515"Special Operations Squad: Eve of the Counterattack, Part 2""Tokubetsu Sakusen-han -Hangeki Zen'ya (2)-" (特別作戦班 ―反撃前夜②―)Kiyoshi FukumotoHiroshi SekoJuly 21, 2013August 16, 2014
1616"What Needs to be Done Now: Eve of the Counterattack, Part 3""Ima, Nani o Subeki ka -Hangeki Zen'ya (3)-" (今、何をすべきか ―反撃前夜③―)Keisuke OnishiYasushi MuroyaYasuko KobayashiJuly 28, 2013August 23, 2014
1717"Female Titan: The 57th Exterior Scouting Mission, Part 1""Megata no Kyojin -Dai Gojū-Nana Kai Hekigai Chōsa (1)-" (女型の巨人 ―第57回壁外調査①―)Daisuke TokudoMasashi KoizukaHiroshi SekoAugust 4, 2013September 6, 2014
1818"Forest of Giant Trees: The 57th Exterior Scouting Mission, Part 2""Kyodaiju no Mori -Dai Gojū-Nana Kai Hekigai Chōsa (2)-" (巨大樹の森 ―第57回壁外調査②―)Hiroyuki TanakaShin WakabayashiHiroshi SekoAugust 11, 2013September 13, 2014
1919"Bite: The 57th Exterior Scouting Mission, Part 3""Kamitsuku -Dai Gojū-Nana Kai Hekigai Chōsa (3)-" (噛み付く ―第57回壁外調査③―)Kiyoshi FukumotoTomomi IkedaNoboru TakagiAugust 18, 2013September 20, 2014
2020"Erwin Smith: The 57th Exterior Scouting Mission, Part 4""Eruvin Sumisu -Dai Gojū-Nana Kai Hekigai Chōsa (4)" (エルヴィン・スミス ―第57回壁外調査④―)Shintaro ItogaYasuko KobayashiAugust 25, 2013September 27, 2014
2121"Crushing Blow: The 57th Exterior Scouting Mission, Part 5""Tettsui -Dai Gojū-Nana Kai Hekigai Chōsa (5)-" (鉄槌 ―第57回壁外調査⑤―)Hiroyuki TanakaYasushi MuroyaNoboru TakagiSeptember 1, 2013October 4, 2014
2222"Defeated: The 57th Exterior Scouting Mission, Part 6""Haisha-tachi -Dai Gojū-Nana Kai Hekigai Chōsa (6)-" (敗者達 ―第57回壁外調査⑥―)Makoto BesshoShinpei EzakiNoboru TakagiSeptember 8, 2013October 11, 2014
2323"Smile: Assault on Stohess, Part 1""Hohoemi -Sutohesu-ku Kyūshū (1)-" (微笑み ―ストヘス区急襲①―)Hirokazu YamadaHiroshi SekoSeptember 15, 2013October 18, 2014
2424"Mercy: Assault on Stohess, Part 2""Jihi -Sutohesu-ku Kyūshū (2)-" (慈悲 ―ストヘス区急襲②―)Akitoshi YokoyamaHiroyuki TanakaYasuko KobayashiSeptember 22, 2013October 25, 2014
2525"Wall: Assault on Stohess, Part 3""Kabe -Sutohesu-ku Kyūshū (3)-" (壁 ―ストヘス区急襲③―)Daisuke TokudoMasashi KoizukaShintarō ItogaTetsurō ArakiYasuko KobayashiSeptember 29, 2013November 1, 2014

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date [21]English air date261"Beast Titan""Kemono no Kyojin" (獣の巨人)Hiroyuki TanakaYasuko KobayashiApril 1, 2017April 22, 2017[11]
272"I'm Home""Tadaima" (ただいま)Yoshihide IbataYasuko KobayashiApril 8, 2017April 29, 2017
283"Southwestward""Nansei e" (南西へ)Kenji ImuraHiroshi SekoApril 15, 2017May 6, 2017
294"Soldier""Heishi" (兵士)Hitomi EzoeHiroshi SekoApril 22, 2017May 13, 2017
305"Historia""Hisutoria" (ヒストリア)Tetsuya WakanoYasuko KobayashiApril 29, 2017May 20, 2017
316"Warrior""Senshi" (戦士)Hiroyuki TanakaHiroshi SekoMay 6, 2017June 3, 2017
327"Close Combat (Strike・Throw・Submit)""Da - Tō - Kyoku" (打・投・極)Takayuki HiraoHiroshi SekoMay 13, 2017June 10, 2017
338"The Hunters""Oumono" (迫う者)Yūmi KawaiYasuko KobayashiMay 20, 2017June 17, 2017
349"Opening""Kaikō" (開口)Yoshihide IbataYasuko KobayashiMay 27, 2017June 24, 2017
3510"Children""Kodomotachi" (子供達)Kenji ImuraHiroshi SekoJune 3, 2017July 8, 2017
3611"Charge""Totsugeki" (突撃)Hiroyuki TanakaYasuhiro AkamatsuHiroshi SekoJune 10, 2017July 15, 2017
3712"Scream""Sakebi" (叫び)Satonobu KikuchiTakayuki HiraoTetsurō ArakiYoshihide IbataYasuko KobayashiJune 17, 2017July 22, 2017

text: Season 3 (2018–19)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date [22]English air date381"Smoke Signal""Noroshi" (狼煙)Hiroyuki TanakaYasuko KobayashiJuly 23, 2018July 11, 2018[d] August 18, 2018[15]
392"Pain""Itami" (痛み)Shita TaroYasuko KobayashiJuly 30, 2018August 25, 2018
403"Old Story""Mukashibanashi" (昔話)Tomoko HirakataHiroshi SekoAugust 6, 2018September 9, 2018
414"Trust""Shinrai" (信頼)Aiko SakurabaHiroshi SekoAugust 13, 2018September 16, 2018
425"Reply""Kaitō" (回答)Miki KomuroYasuko KobayashiAugust 20, 2018September 23, 2018
436"Sin""Tsumi" (罪)Ryūta KawaharaHiroshi SekoAugust 27, 2018September 30, 2018
447"Wish""Negai" (願い)Hiroyuki TanakaKen AndōHiroshi SekoSeptember 3, 2018October 7, 2018
458"Outside the Walls of Orvud District""Orubudo-ku Gaiheki" (オルブド区外壁)Matsuo AsamiAzuma RyōsukeYasuko KobayashiSeptember 10, 2018October 14, 2018
469"Ruler of the Walls""Kabe no Ō" (壁の王)Yasuhiro AkamatsuHiroshi SekoSeptember 17, 2018October 21, 2018
4710"Friends""Yūjin" (友人)Shintarō ItogaAiko SakurabaHiroshi SekoSeptember 24, 2018October 27, 2018
4811"Bystander""Bōkansha" (傍観者)Matsuo AsamiKen AndōShingo UchidaYasuko KobayashiOctober 8, 2018[e]TBA
4912"Night of the Battle to Retake the Wall""Dakkan Sakusen no Yoru" (奪還作戦の夜)Takashi AndōYasuhiro AkamatsuHiroshi SekoOctober 15, 2018TBA
5013"The Town Where Everything Began""Hajimari no Machi" (はじまりの街)TBATBAApril 2019[25]TBA

text: Special episodes[edit]

text: OVA episodes[edit]

text: The following bonus original video animation episodes were released alongside select volumes of the manga.[26]

text:
No.TitleOriginal air date3.5"Ilse's Notebook: Memoirs of a Recon Corps Member""Iruze no Techō -Aru Chōsa Heidan'in no Shuki-" (イルゼの手帳 ―ある調査兵団員の手記―)December 9, 2013 (2013-12-09)
In the year 850, whilst Eren and the others are in training, the Recon Corps go on a mission, with Hange deciding to pursue a Titan spotted in the forest in the hopes she can capture it. Curiously, as Hange gets the Titan to chase after her, it suddenly retreats to the forest. Hange follows it to the center of the forest, where she finds it banging its head against a certain tree. The Titan turns hostile when Hange gets close to it, but Levi and the others arrive and kill it, much to Hange's dismay. Upon inspecting the scene, they discover the decapitated body of Ilse Langnar, a soldier from the 34th Recon Corps division, resting inside of the tree, and find a notebook belonging to her lying on the ground. The notebook details Ilse's records, as she escaped on foot after her squad was killed by Titans. She eventually became cornered by a Titan, but instead of killing her right away, it started to speak to her in the human language, calling her "Ymir". Ilse attempted to communicate with the Titan, but it inevitably became hostile again and bit off her head, curiously choosing not to devour her body but instead rest it inside the tree. Having read through all of Ilse's notes, Hange uses the notebook as leverage to convince Erwin to approve of operations to capture Titans alive and study them, before returning Ilse's belongings to her grief-stricken family.

Information Available for Public Disclosure: Titan Biology.
3.25"The Sudden Visitor: The Torturous Curse of Youth""Totsuzen no Raihōsha -Sainamareru Seishun no Noroi-" (突然の来訪者 ―苛まれる青春の呪い―)April 9, 2014 (2014-04-09)
In the year 849, Jean returns home after two years in training. After Jean gets into a dispute with Sasha following a training exercise, Commander Pyxis suggests they settle things in a cooking contest. With Armin and Annie joining Jean's team and Reiner and Conny teaming up with Sasha, the two groups head into the forest in search of a notorious giant boar to use as meat. Sasha's group come across the boar first and engage it in battle, with Sasha managing to kill it and claim it for her group. Later, after Jean is visited by his mother, shouting at her when he feels she is embarrassing him, he concocts a plan to steal some quality beef from the office so he can beat Sasha, but Armin and Annie refuse to help him. After inevitably giving up on his plan, Jean opens a lunchbox his mother left him containing an omelette, remembering all the times his mother stood by him. The cooking contest soon takes place, with Sasha presenting a prime boar steak whilst Jean presents a humble omelette. Although wowed by the taste of the steak, Pyxis declares Jean the winner as he showed more skill in cooking. Content with his victory, Jean considers paying a visit to his mother.
3.75"Distress""Konnan" (困難)August 8, 2014 (2014-08-08)
In the year 848, the recruits are split into two groups for a wilderness exercise to learn how to sustain themselves in times of peace. Marco has trouble leading his group due to the arrogance of both Eren and Jean. Meanwhile, Mikasa's group learns of the presence of a gang of thieves, who managed to steal their omni-directional mobility gear. That night, the thieves ambush Eren's group, taking Christa hostage along with their equipment. Putting aside their petty squabbles in order to rescue her, the group discover the thieves' hideout, using each of their talents to come up with a plan to ambush them. After Eren and Jean manage to recover the group's maneuver equipment and put a stop to the thieves' wagons, the thieves hold Christa at knifepoint, but she is rescued by the arrival of Mikasa and Annie after Armin had signalled for help. As the thieves are arrested, with no casualties taken, Armin wonders if the thieves' attack was part of the exercise all along.

Information Available for Public Disclosure: The Wasteland Navigation Exercise.

text: Bonus shorts[edit]

text: Chibi Theater: Fly, Cadets, Fly! (ちみキャラ劇場 とんでけ！訓練兵団, Chimi Kyara Gekijō – Tondeke! Kunren Heidan) is a series of flash animated gag shorts included with the Blu-ray Disc/DVD releases, featuring the characters in chibi form based on designs by Yuupon.[citation needed]

text:
No.TitleOriginal air date1"Day 01 / Day 02""Ichinichime / Futsukame" (01日目 / 02日目)July 17, 2013 (2013-07-17)
Eren has trouble getting to school on time, before he and Armin find themselves in the nurse's office.
2"Day 03 / Day 04""Mikkame / Yokkame" (03日目 / 04日目)August 21, 2013 (2013-08-21)
Eren tries to make a strong impression before his instructor, whilst Jean becomes jealous of Eren's closeness with Mikasa.
3"Day 05 / Day 06 / Day 07""Itsukame / Muikame / Nanokame" (05日目 / 06日目 / 07日目)September 18, 2013 (2013-09-18)
Sasha is accused of a crime she didn't commit, whilst Armin finds a rather dubious book. Later, Eren and Mikasa try to learn about the Titan's weakness.
4"Day 08 / Day 09 / Day 10""Yōkame / Kokonokame / Tōkame" (8日目 / 9日目 / 10日目)October 16, 2013 (2013-10-16)
Eren accidentally stumbles into the classroom as the girls were taking off their clothes, Mikasa competes against Ymir for Eren's pudding, Christa and Ymir discuss who they should spend the day with.
5"Day 11 / Day 12 / Day 13""Jūichinichime / Jūninichime / Jūsannichime" (11日目 / 12日目 / 13日目)November 20, 2013 (2013-11-20)
Eren attempts to improve his body by following Reiner's every move, Bertholdt tries to improve his confidence, Mikasa and Annie compete to see who can inflict more pain on Eren.
6"Day 14 / Day 15 / Day 16""Jūyokkame / Jūgonichime / Jūrokunichime" (14日目 / 15日目 / 16日目)December 18, 2013 (2013-12-18)
Conny and Sasha attempt to prank Shadis, Eren decides to shave his hair, Armin tutors Eren, Sasha, and Conny when they failed their test.
7"Day 17 / Day 18 / Day 19""Jūshichinichime / Jūhachinichime / Jūkunichime" (17日目 / 18日目 / 19日目)January 15, 2014 (2014-01-15)
Eren struggles to balance himself on the omni-directional mobility gear, Jean gets lost during training, Marco sneaks into the Girl's Dormitory to return a lost pink bag.
8"Day 20 / Day 21 / Day 22""Nijūnichime / Nijūichinichime / Nijūninichime" (20日目 / 21日目 / 22日目)February 19, 2014 (2014-02-19)
Franz and Hannah try to help Eren reconcile with Mikasa after an argument, Mikasa tries to act on her feelings with Eren, and Hange tries to communicate with a Titan.
9"Day 23 / Day 24 / Day 25""Nijūsannichime / Nijūyonnichime / Nijūgonichime" (23日目 / 24日目 / 25日目)March 19, 2014 (2014-03-19)
Erwin tries to change his appearance to appeal to cadets, Levi analyzes himself from another's point of view, and the graduation ceremony of the 104th Cadet Corps takes place.