document_title: Southpaw (film)

question_text: who killed billy hope's wife in southpaw

question_tokens: who killed billy hope 's wife in southpaw

text: Southpaw (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Billy "The Great" Hope is an undefeated professional boxer living in the suburbs of New York City with his wife Maureen and their daughter Leila. During a match in which he defends his light heavyweight world title, Billy sustains an eye injury and is convinced by Maureen to retire while he is on top. During the press conference at the post-match, an up-and-coming boxer Miguel "Magic" Escobar taunts Billy and tries to get Billy to fight him. At a charity event for the orphanage where he and his wife both grew up, Escobar is in attendance, and as Billy is leaving, Escobar threatens he'll take Maureen and his title away from him, and while Maureen tells Billy to let it go and go home with her, Billy's anger gets the best of him, leading to a brawl in which Maureen is accidentally shot and killed by Miguel's brother Hector, who flees.

text: Billy begins abusing alcohol and drugs while obsessively searching for Hector. He eventually gets a tip about Hector's whereabouts but only finds Hector's drug-addicted wife Maria, and leaves after learning Hector is a father. After attacking a referee out of frustration after throwing a fight, Billy is suspended and left indebted, leading to his house and belongings being repossessed. He continues to spiral out of control and nearly dies after crashing his car in a suicide attempt, which also causes him to lose custody of Leila, who is put under care of Child Protective Services officer Angela Rivera. The incident drives Billy to sober up, but Leila cuts ties with him, blaming him for their predicament.

text: At the behest of friends, Billy gets a job as a cleaner at a gym owned by seasoned boxer Titus "Tick" Wills, and eventually convinces Tick to become his trainer. Billy's former manager, Jordan Mains, who is currently managing Miguel, arranges a fight between the two that could put Billy back in the spotlight. Tick is reluctant to train Billy, fearful he might be blinded by his vendetta against Miguel, but is motivated to do so when another of his students, Hoppy, is killed by his abusive father while attempting to defend his mother.

text: Seeing Billy's hard work after securing a job and keeping it, and his ability to show responsibilities of a father, the judge removes his visitation restrictions and congratulates him for his good work. Billy then takes Leila to his apartment where they have breakfast together and Leila asks if she can attend the fight. Billy, reluctant to let his daughter go to the fight because Maureen never wanted to expose their daughter to the violence in boxing, says he is unsure because Maureen used to make all the decisions for him. Leila asks if they can go visit Maureen's grave, where Leila convinces Billy to let her go to the fight to have someone by his side. Billy tells Leila that there will be people at the fight saying some harsh things, so Leila makes an agreement to go to the fight but stay only in the locker room with Angela, watching the fight via closed circuit television in the locker room.

text: As the match begins, Miguel has the upper hand against Billy, but, with Tick's advice, Billy has the chance to turn the tables in the final round by using the Philly shell defense and countering more aggressively with his left. As the round reaches its final minute, Billy pivots hard and, although fighting from a traditional stance, delivers a powerful left uppercut which sends the champion down to the ground. Miguel manages to get up before the count is over and is saved by the bell. Billy is declared the winner by a split-decision and reunites with Leila in the locker room, where she forgives his past mistakes and they embrace.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jake Gyllenhaal as Billy "The Great" Hope[5]
Forest Whitaker as Titus "Tick" Wills[6]
Rachel McAdams as Maureen Hope[6]
Oona Laurence as Leila Hope[7]
Naomie Harris as Angela Rivera
Curtis "50 Cent" Jackson as Jordan Mains[8]
Miguel Gomez as Miguel "Magic" Escobar[9]
Danny Henriquez as Hector Escobar
Rita Ora as Maria Escobar
Skylan Brooks as Hoppy
Victor Ortiz as Ramone[10]
Beau Knapp as Jon Jon[11]
Malcolm Mays as Gabe
Clare Foley as Alice
Jim Lampley as himself
Roy Jones, Jr. as himself

text: Production[edit]

text: Eminem was originally supposed to play the role of Billy Hope. The film's screenwriter Kurt Sutter said the project was inspired by the rapper's personal struggles. He stated that he had taken meetings with Eminem's producing partners over the past seven years, looking for something to do together. "I know he's very selective and doesn't do a lot. But he shared so much of his personal struggle in this raw and very honest album, one that I connected with on a lot of levels. He is very interested in the boxing genre, and it seemed like an apt metaphor, because his own life has been a brawl. In a way, this is a continuation of the 8 Mile story, but we are doing a metaphorical narrative of the second chapter of his life. He'll play a world champion boxer who really hits a hard bottom, and has to fight to win back his life for his young daughter. At its core, this is a retelling of his struggles over the last five years of his life, using the boxing analogy. I love that the title refers to Marshall being a lefty, which is to boxing what a white rapper is to hip hop; dangerous, unwanted, and completely unorthodox. It's a much harder road for a southpaw than a right-handed boxer."[12] Producers Alan and Peter Riche have given a slightly different story about Eminem's involvement however stating that they set out to make a boxing movie similar to The Champ but wanted to make the story about a father-daughter relationship as opposed to The Champ's father-son story.[13] Recalling Eminem's strong relationship with his daughter they then asked him who was immediately receptive.[13]

text: On December 13, 2010, DreamWorks acquired the script, with Eminem eyed to play the lead role,[12] however the following August the studio dropped the project.[14] Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer picked up the film that October.[15] in December 2012, Eminem dropped out of the film to focus instead on his music.[16] Antoine Fuqua signed on to the project in March 2014 with Jake Gyllenhaal replacing Eminem.[5] Other casting news was announced in May 2014 with Forest Whitaker, Lupita Nyong'o, and Rachel McAdams officially joining the cast.[6] In August of that year, it was announced that Naomie Harris would be replacing Nyong'o.[17]

text: Gyllenhaal did research for his role by doing "tons of reading on boxers, orphan boxers, the spirit of gyms all over America, children who start early, [and] the history of foster care in America"[18] while also spending five months training as a boxer.[18] Eminem would later praise Gyllenhaal's performance noting that "Jake smashed it" in an interview with Zane Lowe.[13]

text: Southpaw marks the first investment in an American film by Wanda Pictures, a division of Wang Jianlin's Chinese conglomerate Dalian Wanda Group.[2] Principal photography began on June 16, 2014.[19] Filming took place in Pittsburgh and Indiana, Pennsylvania, and sets in New York City.[20][21]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film had its world premiere at the 2015 Shanghai International Film Festival on June 15, 2015, where it was in competition,[22] and was released on July 24, 2015, by The Weinstein Company.[23]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Southpaw grossed $52.4 million in North America and $38.5 million in other territories for a total gross of $92 million, against a budget of $25 million.[4]

text: In its opening weekend, the film grossed $16.7 million from 2,772 theaters, finishing 5th at the box office.[24]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 61%, based on 207 reviews, with a rating average of 6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Jake Gyllenhaal delivers an impressively committed performance, but Southpaw beats it down with a dispiriting drama that pummels viewers with genre clichés."[25] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 57 out of 100, based on 42 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[26] On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[27]

text: Soren Anderson of The Seattle Times gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying "Southpaw, a boxing movie with a theme of redemption, is redeemed by the performances of its two main actors, Jake Gyllenhaal and Forest Whitaker."[28] Kyle Smith of the New York Post gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying "It brings back every stale genre convention you can think of, then hopes you won't recognize predictability pumped up with swearing and steroids and an Eminem song during the training montage."[29] Ty Burr of The Boston Globe gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying "This is a genre with especially sturdy bones, and when Southpaw connects, which is more often than you might expect, you feel it down to your toes."[30] Ann Hornaday of The Washington Post gave the film one and a half stars out of four, saying "Southpaw may be rote, predictable and mawkish, but none of those faults lie in its star. Even when he looks like an unholy mess, he transcends the movie he's in."[31] Steven Rea of The Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film three out of four stars, saying "What keeps this cornball business from getting out of hand is the commitment of Gyllenhaal, whose performance is fierce and muscular, in and out of the ring."[32] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying "The script may have hamburger for brains, but Fuqua slams it home with the help of actors who give their all - even when giving a little less might have made things more interesting."[33]

text: Peter Howell of the Toronto Star gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying "This isn't great cinema, but it's satisfying movie-making, with nothing more on its mind than telling a heart-tugging story."[34] A. O. Scott of The New York Times said, "I wish I could say Southpaw was a knockout, or even a contender, that it went the distance or scored on points. But it's strictly an undercard bout, displaying enough heart and skill to keep the paying customers from getting too restless."[35] Benjamin Nugent of The New York Times has compared the film to Robert De Niro stating, "Pity Jake Gyllenhaal, who despite getting shredded for Southpaw, could not outbox the shadow of Robert De Niro's Raging Bull performance."[36] Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a C+, saying "Just as director Antoine Fuqua starts to close in on something interesting and unexpected, he retreats to the safety of his corner and gives us what we've seen too many times before: a predictable flurry of melodramatic jabs."[37] Barbara VanDenburgh of The Arizona Republic gave the film three out of five stars, saying "Southpaw is all about the fist. There's no delicate footwork here, no lingering grace notes. It's a film played entirely in power chords."[38] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Southpaw isn't content with presenting a gallery of clichéd characters. It takes the time to put flesh on the bones."[39] Colin Covert of the Star Tribune gave the film one out of four stars, slamming Gyllenhaal's performance, saying "As a troubled slugger, Gyllenhaal is impressively muscle-bound, but gives no knockout performance. His work drags on like 12 rounds of fistfight fatigue."[40]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

Black Reel Awards
Best Director
Antoine Fuqua
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor
Forest Whitaker
Nominated

Jupiter Award
Best International Actor
Jake Gyllenhaal
Nominated

Golden Reel Awards
Sound Effects and Foley in a Feature Film
[41]
Nominated

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture
Forest Whitaker
Nominated

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
Best Youth Performance
Oona Laurence
Nominated

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Eminem executive-produced the soundtrack, which was released by Shady Records on July 24, 2015. He had previously released his single called "Phenomenal" from the soundtrack on June 2, 2015.[42]

text: An album of James Horner's score was released through Sony Classical on July 24, 2015.[43] This was Horner's final score (it was recorded after The 33, although Southpaw was released first); he was killed in a plane crash on June 22, 2015.[44]


document_title: I'm going to Disney World!

question_text: who said i'm going to disneyland first

question_tokens: who said i 'm going to disneyland first

root

text: I'm going to Disney World!

text: Format[edit]

text: Disney refers to the campaign as "What's Next?" in reference to the commercial's usual format, which has the star appear to be answering a question posed by an unseen narrator—"What are you going to do next?"—after his or her moment of triumph. The narrator is Mark Champion, a veteran radio play-by-play announcer for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Detroit Lions, Detroit Pistons, and Westwood One.[3] Most ads feature the song "When You Wish upon a Star" (which is currently sung by Idina Menzel) and end with a shot of fireworks over Cinderella Castle or Sleeping Beauty Castle.

tag: p

text: Typically the star records two versions of the commercial—one for each phrase—so that the ads can be broadcast in different American media markets to strategically promote either the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida or the Disneyland Resort in California. In most cases, Disney arranges for its star to appear in a parade at either Disneyland or one of the Walt Disney World theme parks the day immediately following the victory in order to fulfill the spoken promise in one version.[4]

text: History[edit]

text: In his 1998 memoir Work in Progress, Disney CEO Michael Eisner credited his wife, Jane, with the idea for the campaign.[5] According to Eisner, during the January 1987 grand opening for the Star Tours attraction at Disneyland, the couple dined with Dick Rutan and Jeana Yeager, who in December 1986 had piloted the first aircraft to fly around the world without stopping or refueling. After Jane Eisner asked what the pilots planned to do next, they replied, "Well, we're going to Disneyland." She later told her husband the phrase would make a great advertising campaign.

text: Weeks later, Disney launched the series following Super Bowl XXI on January 25, 1987 with a commercial featuring New York Giants quarterback Phil Simms. Simms was paid a reported $75,000 for his participation.[6] The company later aired three more ads that year with other athletes following major sports championships.

text: Ray Lewis was named Super Bowl XXXV MVP, however due to the bad attention over a murder trial Lewis was involved in the previous year, the signature phrase "I'm going to Disney World!" was given instead to quarterback Trent Dilfer who was a game manager.[7]

text: In subsequent years, Disney reportedly has offered $30,000 to athletes and other stars for participating in the ads and appearing at one of its theme parks.[8]

text: Although Tom Brady was named MVP of Super Bowl LI, he gave the Disney trip to teammate James White.[9]

text: 2006 return[edit]

text: In 2006, the campaign resumed before Super Bowl XL as Disney projected scenes from the 20-year history of the campaign onto a Detroit skyscraper in the days before the game.[10] During the television broadcast, Disney aired a commercial showing members of the Pittsburgh Steelers and Seattle Seahawks practicing how they would deliver the famous phrase while preparing for the game. The following day, the company began airing a traditional "What's Next" commercial featuring Steelers Hines Ward and Jerome Bettis.[11] Even though it was not part of the ad buy in 2016, Peyton Manning said the famous phrase in an interview after Super Bowl 50.[12]

text: Stars and celebrations[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The commercials generally star a single NFL player immediately following the Super Bowl but the campaign also has featured athletes from other championship games and several non-celebrities.

text:
Nancy Kerrigan, U.S. figure skater, Winter Olympics

While appearing in a subsequent parade at the Walt Disney World Resort, Kerrigan was recorded saying to Mickey Mouse, "This is dumb. I hate it. This is the most corniest thing I have ever done."[13] However, Kerrigan said her comments were taken out of context. She said that being in the parade was not corny, but wearing her Silver Medal during the parade was since her parents taught her never to brag or show off her accomplishments. Kerrigan also went on to say that she had nothing against the Disney Company or Mickey Mouse and said, "Whoever could find fault with Mickey Mouse? He's the greatest mouse I've ever known."[14]

tag: ul

text: Curt Schilling, Pedro Martínez, and David Ortiz, Boston Red Sox, World Series[15]

text: Tony Dungy, and Dominic Rhodes, Indianapolis Colts, Super Bowl XLI[16]

text: David Cook, Season 7 American Idol winner[17]


document_title: Decline of the Byzantine Empire

question_text: what was one cause of the decline of the byzantine empire

text: Decline of the Byzantine Empire

text: Timeframes[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The process by which the empire waned, and from when its decline can be traced, is a matter of scholarly debate. In some cases, the entire history of the Byzantine Empire has been portrayed as a protracted period of decline of the Roman Empire. This holds especially for Enlightenment era writers such as Edward Gibbon, author of The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, published in six volumes between 1776 and 1789, whose view was coloured by pro-western or anti-clerical biases, and tended to see the whole ten-century empire as merely a sad codicil to the Roman Empire of Antiquity.

text: Late-20th-century and early-21st-century historians have instead emphasized the empire's remarkable resiliency and adaptability to change.[1][2][3][4]

text:
The Byzantine-Arab Wars and the Battle of Manzikert have traditionally been considered the most significant. However, recent books by Paul Magdalino and John Birkenmeier have re-evaluated the position of the empire in the 12th century, citing the collapse under the Angeloi (1185–1204) as the most decisive turning point in the empire's fortunes. Although this view is not universally held, historians generally agree that after the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the empire was only a shadow of its former self.
The death of Michael VIII in 1282 marks the last period of Byzantine success on anything more than a minor scale. From this date onwards, the empire entered its final decline.

text: The history of the empire includes a number of periods of crisis, interspersed with periods of at least partial recovery:

text:
The crisis of Late Antiquity, which saw invasions by the Visigoths, Huns, Alans, and Vandals across both the Rhine and Danube frontiers, sweeping through most of Europe
602  - Start of the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628, which exhausted the Empire's resources and contributed to major territorial losses during the Muslim conquests of the 7th century.
The crisis of the 7th century, which saw Muslim conquest of the Levant and the Arab-Byzantine Wars
634  – Start of the Byzantine-Arab Wars
636  - The Battle of Yarmouk
The crisis of the 11th century, which simultaneously saw the  Norman conquest of southern Italy, the Pechenegs (in the Crimea and the Balkans), and the Seljuk invasion of Asia Minor and the devaluation of the nomisma
1025 – Death of the soldier-emperor Basil II
1071 – The Battle of Manzikert[5]
1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon
1180 – Death of Manuel I Komnenos
1185 – Demise of the Komnenos dynasty
1204 – The Sack of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade[5]
The crises of the 13th century, which followed the Sack of Constantinople and partitioning of the empire by the Fourth Crusade
The final decline during the Byzantine–Ottoman Wars.

text: Historical events[edit]

text: Collapse of the Western Roman Empire[edit]

text: In the 5th – 7th century, the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire was a continuation of the Roman Empire. The loss of the Western territories in the 5th century led to the loss of some important cities such as Rome. The creation of the Germanic states of the Franks, Visigoths, Ostrogoths and later of the Lombards out of the rubble of the Western Roman Empire meant that in time they would seek to challenge the authority of the Eastern Roman Empire. General Flavius Belisarius under Justinian I in the early 6th century made a serious attempt to recover the western half; however his gains were short-lived and poorly planned out – resources and troops that could have been used to defeat the Persians were diverted forcing the Byzantines into tribute and diplomacy to deal with this Eastern threat. The loss of the western territories led to the Patriarch of Rome achieving greater independence from Byzantium, which no longer provided adequate protection to the Pope. Consequently, the Holy See and Byzantium would have disagreements, culminating in the schism of 1054 and the disaster of the Fourth Crusade in the 13th century.

text: Rise of Islam[edit]

text:
In the 7th – 9th century, Islam gave the Arabs a newfound zeal and desire to conquer. They expanded to the territories in the Levant and Egypt.
The Arab invasions led to the loss of Egypt, Syria, Palestine and for a short period of time, Crete, Sicily, Cyprus and Asia Minor. Though Asia Minor was recaptured and substantial parts of Syria and Mesopotamia either taken back or subjugated, Egypt remained firmly in Arab hands as did the rest of Palestine. The loss of Egypt was a major blow to the Byzantines since the province of Aegyptus had provided much of the Empire's manufactured goods and natural resources, especially grain, ever since the times of Roman Antiquity. Conversely the Arab acquisition of Egypt gave the Ummayad and later Abbasid Caliphates huge resources, meaning that the Byzantines had to direct large amounts of resources to stave off constant Arab incursions into Asia Minor and Syria. When the Fatimid Caliphate broke away from the Abbasids the Byzantines were able to launch successful offensives into Syria and Palestine, due to this division amongst their enemies.

text: Increasing Reliance on Foreign Military Intervention in Domestic Politics[edit]

text: As far back as the invasion of Africa by Belisarius, foreign soldiers were used in war.[6] While foreign military invention was not an all together new occurrence,[7] the reliance on it, and its ability to damage political, social, and economic institutions were dramatically increased in the 11th, 13th, 14th, and 15th centuries. The 11th century saw increasing tensions between Courtly, and Military factions.[8][9] Until the mid 11th century the empire had long been under the control of the Military Factions with leaders such as Basil II, and John I Tzimiskes,[10] however the crisis of Basil II's succession led to increasing uncertainty in the future of politics.[8] The army demanded Basil's daughters remain in power, leading to a number of marriages, and increasing power for the Courtly faction.[8] This culminated after the failed Battle of Manzikert. As civil wars broke out, and tensions between courtly, and military factions reached a zenith, an increasing demand for soldiers led to the hiring of Turkish Mercenaries to fight internal civil war.[11] These mercenaries aided in the Byzantine loss of Anatolia by drawing more Turkish soldiers in to the interior of the empire, and by giving the Turks an increasing presence in Byzantine politics. These interventions also led to further destabilization of the political system.[11][12]

text: Reliance on foreign military intervention, and sponsorship for political motives, continued even during the Komnenoi Restoration, Alexius I utilized Turkish mercenaries in the civil wars he participated in with Nikephoros III Botaneiates.[12] In 1204, Alexios IV Angelos relied on Latin soldiers to claim the throne of Byzantium, leading to the sack of Byzantium, and the creation of the successor states.[11] After the resurgence of the Byzantine Empire with the ascension of Michael VIII Palaiologos reliance on foreign sponsorship increased still more. At this time it was common for emperors to seek sponsorship from Venice, Genoa, and the Turks. This led to a series of disastrous trade deals with the Italian states; drying up one of the empire's final sources of revenue.[13] This further led to competition between Venice, and Genoa to get emperors on the throne who supported their respective trade agenda to the detriment of the other, adding another level of instability to the Byzantine political process.[13]

text: Seljuk conquest of Anatolia[edit]

text:
In spite of its grievous losses of territory in Egypt and the Levant, the Byzantine empire successfully re-established itself against the threat of Islam  under the Macedonian dynasty in the 9th and 10th century.
But in the 11th century, a new threat arose as a consequence of the Turkic expansion out of Central Asia.
The Seljuks, a division of the Kankalis branch of Oghuz Turks, profiting from both the breakup of the Abbasid Caliphate and the absorption of the Byzantines with internal crisis and the loss of Italy to the Normans, managed to establish themselves in Asia Minor.

text:
Following the Battle of Manzikert, the Byzantine Empire lost most of its territory in Asia Minor, and was in immediate danger of complete annihilation.
It recovered following the Komnenian restoration, as Alexios I Komnenos restored relations with the Papacy, and
requested aid against the Turks from  Pope Urban II at the Council of Piacenza in 1095. Later that same year, the pope preached the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont.

text:
In the wake of the success of the First Crusade, the three competent Komnenian emperors, especially Manuel I Komnenos (r. 1143–1180), may have had the power to expel the outnumbered Seljuks, several factors combined to ensure that they never did so. Alexios was unable to derive much of the expected benefit from the  Crusade, though it did at least help him to recover Nicaea and western Asia Minor.
No emperor after the Komnenian period was in a position to expel the Turks from Asia Minor, while the preoccupation of the Nicaean emperors with the attempt to recover Constantinople meant that resources were diverted away from Asia Minor and towards the west.
The result was a weakening of the Byzantine defenses in the region, which, when combined with insufficient resources and incompetent leadership, led to the complete loss of all the empire's Asian territory to the Turks by 1338.

text:
Though the Crusades assisted Byzantium in driving back some of the Turks, they went far beyond the military assistance envisaged by  Alexios I.
Instead of following the strategic necessities of the war against the Turks, the Crusaders were focussed on the quest of re-conquering Jerusalem,
and instead of returning territory to Byzantium, the Crusaders established their own principalities, becoming a territorial rival to Byzantine interests in their own right.

text: This was true already during  the Third Crusade, which induced emperor Isaac II Angelos to make a secret alliance with Saladin to impede the progress of Frederick Barbarossa, but open conflict between Crusaders and Byzantium erupted in the Fourth Crusade, resulting in the Sack of Constantinople in 1204. Constantinople was now itself a Crusader state, known as the Latin Empire in historiography, but from the Greek perspective as Frankokratia or "rule of the Franks". Vestiges of imperial power were preserved in minor principalities,   the Nicaean Empire, Trebizond and Epirus. Much of the Nicaean Emperors' efforts now went into combating the Latins, and even after Constantinople was returned to Greek rule  under the Palaiologoi in 1261, the Empire exerted much of its efforts into defeating its Latin neighbours, contributing to the eventual failure of the Crusades by 1291.

text: Final decline in the late medieval period[edit]

text: Throughout the 14th and 15th centuries the Empire suffered from many natural disasters, invasions and several coups.

text: Civil Wars[edit]

text: A series of societal infighting also weakened the Byzantine Empire's military power. There were two major civil wars during the late Byzantine Empire, one in 1321 another in 1341. These civil wars also severely diminished the Byzantines' military capabilities.

text: The civil war of 1321–1328 was led by a grandson of the Byzantine emperor Andronikos II who was supported by Byzantine Magnates who often clashed with the centralized authority of Byzantium. The Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 was inconclusive and ended with Andronikos III being made co-emperor with his grandfather. This civil war allowed the Turks to make notable gains in Anatolia and set up their capital in Bursa 100 kilometers from Constantinople the Byzantine's capital. After the initial conflict Andronikos III dethroned his grandfather and became emperor.[14]

text: Following the death of Andronikos III in 1341, another civil war broke out which was to continue until 1347. When Andronikos III died he left his six-year-old son under the regency of Anne of Savoy. The de facto leader of the empire, John Cantacuzenus, who was not only a close associate of the deceased emperor but an extremely wealthy landowner, wanted to become regent.[15] However, things did not go his way and he was declared emperor in Thrace.[16] This conflict had elements of class warfare, in that the rich supported Cantacuzenus while the poorer folk supported the empress regent. The civil war of 1341–1347 saw exploitation of the Byzantine Empire by the Serbs, whose ruler took advantage of the chaos to proclaim himself emperor of the Serbs and Greeks. The Serbian king Stefan Uroš IV Dušan made significant territorial gains in Byzantine Macedonia in 1345 and conquered large swathes of Thessaly and Epirus in 1348.[17] Although Dusan would die along with his dream of a Serbian Greek empire in 1355,[18] Byzantium would still face a powerful Turkish state across the Sea of Marmara. Luckily for Cantacuzenus, he conquered Constantinople in 1347 and ended the civil war afterwards.[19] In order to secure his authority during the civil war, Cantacuzenus hired Turkish mercenaries. Although these mercenaries were of some use, in 1352 they seized Gallipoli from the Byzantines.[18] Although in 1354 the rogue mercenaries were defeated by western crusaders,[20] Turkish armies would eventually control many of the Byzantine Empire's once-held territories. These two monumental civil wars severely diminished the Byzantine Empire's military strength and allowed its opportunistic enemies to make substantial gains into Byzantine territory.

text: Rise of the Ottomans[edit]

text: The disintegration of the Seljuk Turks led to the rise of the Ottoman Turks. Their first important leader was Osman I Bey, who attracted Ghazi warriors and carved out a domain in north-western Asia Minor.[21] Attempts by the Byzantine Emperors to drive back the Ottomans were unsuccessful, and ceased in 1329 with the Battle of Pelekanon. Following a number of civil disputes in the Byzantine Empire, the Ottomans subjugated the Byzantines as vassals in the late 14th century and attempts to relieve this vassal status culminated in the Fall of Constantinople in 1453.

text: Structure of Byzantium[edit]

text: The Byzantine Empire's survival depended upon its administration and the logistics that enabled it to run the Empire. Though considered complex, its system was one more advanced than those practised by the Frankish Kingdoms in the West and one modelled by the Islamic Powers of the East. As the Empire evolved into an increasingly smaller and defensive state, the governing of the state changed as well. However, by the 14th century the burdens of running an Empire surrounded by many enemies became too much of a strain on Byzantium's increasingly smaller resources. By c. 1350's, the Byzantines lost Thrace to the Ottomans; thereafter Constantinople became the government's primary administrative region.

text: Politics of Byzantium[edit]

text: The Byzantine Empire experienced numerous civil wars. The defeats in the 7th and 12th centuries to the Arabs and Turks respectively speaking were in no small part assisted by numerous internal conflicts. The situation became worse later in the 14th and 15th centuries where Byzantine Emperors were forced to fight their own grandchildren/children, as in the cases of Andronikus II and Andronikus III.

text: Society of Byzantium[edit]

text: The Military of the Byzantine Empire was often smaller than that of its opponents and thus relied more upon strategy rather than brute strength to achieve success.[22][23] This was in part achieved by the logistics of the Byzantine administration which allowed it to utilize their troops as efficiently as possible. Taxes on the peasantry were collected at times of need so as to raise the supplies needed at the time.[24] However, this bureaucratic system was exploited by the social elite [24] whose increasing power challenged that of the Emperor. Whilst the Theme system worked well to provide efficient military service, it led to the decentralization of power leading to disastrous civil conflicts in the 11th century.

text: Furthermore, as the taxation system became ever more of a burden on the peasantry, the lower classes of the Empire began to resent the state. This contributed to the loss of Asia Minor in the 11th and 14th centuries owing to the arrival of the Turks.

text: The structure of the military[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Another major factor in the decline of the Byzantine empire may have been the disintegration of its traditional military system, the 'theme' system. Under this arrangement, the empire was divided into several regions which contributed locally raised troops to the imperial armies. The system provided an effective means of cheaply mobilizing large numbers of men, and the result was a comparatively large and powerful force – the army of the theme of Thrakesion alone had provided about 9,600 men in the period 902–936, for example. However, the demise of the system made the organization of the Byzantine armies less self-sufficient.

text: The Byzantine military did not immediately collapse following the disappearance of the theme system. In the 12th century, the Komnenian dynasty re-established an effective military force. Manuel I Komnenos, for example, was able to muster an army of over 40,000 men. This was sufficient to ensure the empire's continued status as a great power for the duration of the Komnenian period. However, the Komnenoi never provided for a future that saw their decisive leadership replaced by incompetence. After the deposition of Andronikos I Komnenos in 1185, the dynasty of the Angeloi oversaw a period of military decline. From 1185 onwards, Byzantine emperors found it increasingly difficult to muster and pay for sufficient military forces, while the failure of their efforts to sustain their empire exposed the limitations of the entire Byzantine military system, dependent as it was on competent personal direction from the emperor. The culmination of the empire's military disintegration under the Angeloi was reached on 13 April 1204, when the armies of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople and dismantled the Byzantine Empire.

text: Despite the restoration under the Palaiologoi, Byzantium was never again a great power on the scale of the past. By the 13th century, the imperial army numbered a mere 6,000 men, while the empire's territories had been reduced to little more than the lands immediately surrounding the Aegean sea.

text: Thus, it is possible to argue that the demise of the theme system was one of the most significant factors in the decline of the Byzantine empire. As one of the main institutional strengths of the Byzantine state, the theme system was never replaced by a viable long-term alternative. This left the empire lacking in underlying structural strengths. The result was an empire that depended more than ever before on the strengths of each individual emperor or dynasty. The collapse of imperial power and authority after 1185 revealed the inadequacy of this approach.


document_title: 2018 Little League World Series

question_text: when does mexico play in the little league world series

text: 2018 Little League World Series

text: Teams[edit]

text: Regional qualifying tournaments were held between June and August 2018.

text:
United States

International

 Grosse Pointe Woods, MichiganGreat Lakes RegionGrosse Pointe Woods-Shores Little League

 Seoul, South KoreaAsia-Pacific and Middle East RegionSouth Seoul Little League

 Staten Island, New YorkMid-Atlantic RegionMid-Island Little League

 Gold Coast, Queensland Australia RegionGold Coast Little League

 Des Moines, IowaMidwest RegionGrandview Little League

 Surrey, British Columbia Canada RegionWhalley Little League

 Coventry, Rhode IslandNew England RegionCoventry Little League

 Guayama, Puerto RicoCaribbean RegionRadames López Little League

 Coeur d'Alene, IdahoNorthwest RegionCoeur d'Alene Little League

 Barcelona, SpainEurope and Africa RegionCatalunya Little League

 Peachtree City, GeorgiaSoutheast RegionPeachtree City American Little League

 Kawaguchi, Saitama Japan RegionKawaguchi Little League

 Houston, TexasSouthwest RegionPost Oak Little League

 Arraiján, PanamaLatin America RegionVacamonte Little League

 Honolulu, HawaiiWest RegionHonolulu Little League

 Matamoros, Tamaulipas Mexico RegionMatamoros A.C. Little League

text: Results[edit]

text: The draw to determine the opening round pairings took place on June 14, 2018.[3][4]

text: United States bracket[edit]

text: viewtalkedit

text:
August 16 – Game 2   New York5 August 19 – Game 14  Iowa2
  New York2 August 16 – Game 4  Texas1
  Rhode Island1 August 22 – Game 24 (F/5)  Texas3
  New York0 August 17 – Game 6  Hawaii10
  Michigan5 August 19 – Game 16  Idaho4
  Michigan3 August 17 – Game 8 (F/11)  Hawaii8
  Georgia0   Hawaii2

                    August 25 – U.S. championship   Hawaii3 August 18 – Game 10  Georgia0
  Iowa9 August 20 – Game 18  Rhode Island5
  Michigan5   Iowa4
  August 22 – Game 22   Michigan3 August 18 – Game 12  Georgia4
  Idaho0 August 20 – Game 20 (F/9)  Georgia3
  Texas6   Georgia7
  August 23 – Game 26   New York3   Georgia7

text: International bracket[edit]

text: viewtalkedit

text:
August 16 – Game 1 (F/9)   Puerto Rico2 August 19 – Game 13  South Korea4
  South Korea5 August 16 – Game 3  Mexico1
  Mexico3 August 22 – Game 23 (F/4)  Australia2
  South Korea10 August 17 – Game 5 (F/5)  Japan0
  Spain1 August 19 – Game 15  Japan11
  Japan4 August 17 – Game 7  Panama2
  Panama8   Canada3

                    August 25 – International championship   South Korea2 August 18 – Game 9  Japan1
  Puerto Rico6 August 20 – Game 17  Australia0
  Panama1   Puerto Rico3
  August 22 – Game 21   Puerto Rico9 August 18 – Game 11 (F/10)  Canada4
  Spain1 August 20 – Game 19  Canada2
  Mexico4   Canada6
  August 23 – Game 25   Japan1   Puerto Rico0

text: Consolation games[edit]

text: Teams that lose their first two games get to play a consolation game against a team from the other side of the bracket that also lost its first two games. These games are labeled Game A and Game B.

text: Game A    August 20 – Lamade Stadium (F/4)   Rhode Island15   Australia0

text: Game B    August 23 – Lamade Stadium   Idaho5   Spain0

text: Third place game[edit]

text: This consolation game is played between the runner-up of the United States championship and the runner-up of the International championship.

text: Third place game    August 26 – Lamade Stadium   Georgia2   Japan8

text: World Championship[edit]

text: Little League World Championship    August 26 – Lamade Stadium   South Korea0   Hawaii3

text:
2018 Little League World Series Champions

 Honolulu Little League Honolulu, Hawaiʻi

text: Champions path[edit]

text: The Honolulu LL reached the LLWS with an undefeated record in seven games.[5] In total, their record was 12–0.

text:
Round
Opposition
Result

Hawaiʻi State Tournament

Winner's Bracket Semifinals
Waipiʻo LL
4–2 (F/7)

Winner's Bracket Final
Hilo LL
5–4

Finals
Waipiʻo LL
11–0 (F/4)

West Regional Tournament

Winner's Bracket Opening Round
 Sunnyside LL
7–3

Winner's Bracket Semifinal
 Dixie LL
8–2

Semifinal
 Silverado LL
5–1

Finals
 Tri-City LL
11–2

text: MLB Little League Classic[edit]

text: On September 29, 2017, Major League Baseball announced that the second MLB Little League Classic would be played on August 19, 2018, between the New York Mets and Philadelphia Phillies. The game was again played at BB&T Ballpark at Historic Bowman Field,[6] with the Mets winning, 8–2.[7]


document_title: America's Next Top Model (cycle 24)

question_text: who wins america's next top model s24

question_tokens: who wins america 's next top model s24

text: America's Next Top Model (cycle 24)

text: Contestants[edit]

text: (Ages stated are at start of contest.)[1][3]

text:
Contestant
Age
Height
Hometown
Finish
Place

Maggie Keating
20
1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)
Surry, Maine
Episode 2
15

Ivana Thomas
23
1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)
Durham, North Carolina
Episode 3
14

Liz Woodbury
24
1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)
Greenville, Massachusetts
Episode 4
13 (quit)

Rhiyan Carreker
20
1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)
Orange County, California
12

Coura Fall
24
1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)
Eastvale, California
Episode 5
11

Liberty Netuschil
20
1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)
Lava Hot Springs, Idaho
Episode 6
10

Christina McDonald
34
1.73 m (5 ft 8 in)
Jenkintown, Pennsylvania
Episode 7
9

Sandra Shehab
22
1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)
Cliffside Park, New Jersey
Episode 8
8

Brendi K Seiner
22
1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)
Nashville, Tennessee
Episode 9
7 (quit)

Erin Green
42
1.75 m (5 ft 9 in)
Riverside, California
Episode 10
6

Rio Summers
23
1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)
Detroit, Michigan
Episode 13
5

Shanice Carroll
25
1.75 m (5 ft 9 in)
Murfreesboro, Tennessee
Episode 15
4

Khrystyana Kazakova
32
1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)
New York, New York
3

Jeana Turner
24
1.70 m (5 ft 7 in)
Minneapolis, Minnesota
2

Kyla Coleman
20
1.78 m (5 ft 10 in)
Lacey, Washington
1

text: Episodes[edit]

text: The Boss Is Back[edit]

text: Original air date: January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09)

text: The semi-finalists were introduced to the judges for the first time, and were made aware of the new casting process in which any of them could be eliminated at any point during casting week (as opposed to the mass-eliminations in previous cycles), to gradually reduce the pool of contestants. The models then had one-on-one auditions with the judges, which saw several semi-finalists leave the competition.

text: The surviving models later met with judge Drew Elliot and fashion director Nicola Formichetti for an Avant-garde photo shoot and runway challenge. The remaining 18 contestants moved into the model house, and at the end of the week, host Tyra Banks selected the finalized cast of 14 contestants. Immediately afterwards, Banks announced that one of the semifinalists who'd missed the final cut, Erin Green, would also be allowed to move on to the main competition, bringing the final number of contestants to 15.[4][5]

text:
Featured photographer: Renata Raksha
Special guests: Nicola Formichetti

text: Beauty Is Los Angeles[edit]

text: Original air date: January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16)

text: The finalists moved into the model home. They later met runway coach Stacey McKenzie for a catwalk lesson in preparation for an upcoming runway challenge at Venice Beach skate park, where the contestants had to model designs from Baja East and avoid skateboarders as they navigated across a skating ramp. As the winner of the challenge, Khrystyana was chosen to walk in a show for the label during New York fashion week. On set, the models had a bohemian pregnancy photo shoot with photographer Charlotte Rutherford, inspired by Hollywood's latest baby boom fashion trends. At elimination, Coura received best picture. Brendi K and Maggie landed in the bottom two, and Maggie was eliminated from the competition.[6]

text:
Featured photographer: Charlotte Rutherford
Special guests: Stacey McKenzie

text: Beauty Is a Trademark[edit]

text: Original air date: January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)

text: The models arrived back at the house and immediately received a Tyra Mail alluding to the fact that makeovers would be taking place soon. After the makeovers were administered, the models met Director X for a video shoot meant to showcase their new trademark looks in a room full of mirrors. At elimination, Liberty was deemed to be the best performer for the shoot. Shanice and Ivana landed in the bottom two, and Ivana was eliminated from the competition.[7]

text:
Featured director: Director X
Special guests: Leanne Citrone

text: Beauty Is Drama[edit]

text: Original air date: January 30, 2018 (2018-01-30)

text: The remaining models received scripts for a screen test challenge with actor Kevin Phillips, which was judged by director Anthony Hemingway and Stacey McKenzie. Khrystyana was ultimately chosen as the challenge winner. Later on, the models were taken to a mansion for a photo shoot inspired by American Horror Story. After a heart to heart conversation with Tyra, Liz decided to quit the competition. At elimination, Khrystyana received best photo. Coura and Rhiyan landed in the bottom two, and Rhiyan was eliminated from the competition.[8]

text:
Featured photographer: Ekaterina Belinskaya
Special guests: B. Akerlund, Anthony Hemingway, Stacey McKenzie, Kevin Phillips

text: Beauty Is Unconventional[edit]

text: Original air date: February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06)

text: The remaining 11 models had to work with renowned YouTuber Patrick Starr to shoot a beauty vlog which required them to use unconventional items as beauty tools. Sandra was chosen as the challenge winner, and was rewarded with a guest appearance on Starr's channel. On set, the models were stacked on top of one another to have their beauty shots taken. At elimination, Rio received best picture. Christina and Coura landed in the bottom two, and Coura was eliminated from the competition.[9]

text:
Featured photographer: Tatiana Gerusova
Special guests: Patrick Starr

text: Beauty Is Pride[edit]

text: Original air date: February 13, 2018 (2018-02-13)

text: The remaining 10 contestants celebrated pride week at Micky's Bar, and took part in a self styled popup runway challenge for designer Christian Cowan which was won by Khrystyana. The models later had a photo shoot posing alongside former Drag Race contestants Manila Luzon, Valentina and Katya Zamolodchikova. Khrystyana won best picture at elimination. Kyla and Liberty landed in the bottom two, and Liberty was eliminated from the competition.[10]

text:
Featured photographer: Katie Levine
Special guests: Valentina, Christian Cowan, Manila Luzon, Stacey McKenzie, Katya Zamolodchikova

text: Beauty Is Raw[edit]

text: Original air date: February 20, 2018 (2018-02-20)

text: The remaining nine contestants were challenged with the task of creating an anti-bullying PSA for the National Crime Prevention Council under the direction of Director X. As the winners of the challenge, Khrystyana, Kyla, and Sandra were chosen to have their video used as part of a national digital campaign for NCPC. On set, the models were stripped to their barest essentials and had their photographs taken by Tyra. At elimination Brendi K, Jeana, Khrystyana, Kyla, Rio, Sandra, and Shanice received a joint first call-out as a group. Christina and Erin landed in the bottom two, and Christina was eliminated from the competition.[11]

text:
Featured photographer: Tyra Banks
Special guests: Yoko Sakakura, Shigeko Taylor, Director X, Stacey McKenzie

text: Beauty Is Social[edit]

text: Original air date: February 27, 2018 (2018-02-27)

text: The remaining models received a visit from Tyra, and learned about effective techniques for taking a selfie. They were later introduced to model Jourdan Dunn in time for a selfie challenge in which they had to advertise Jourdan's clothing brand, LonDunn. Jeana was chosen as the winner of the challenge. On set the contestants were photographed by Tyra in a photo shoot where they had to pose with plus-sized male models covered in gold body paint. At elimination, Kyla received best photo. Khrystyana and Sandra landed in bottom two, and Sandra was eliminated from the competition.[12]

text:
Featured photographer: Tyra Banks
Special guests: Jourdan Dunn, Zach Miko, Miles Dausuel, Kevin Rivers, Michael
Guest judge: Jourdan Dunn

text: Beauty Is Movement[edit]

text: Original air date: March 6, 2018 (2018-03-06)

text: The seven remaining models met with Ashley Graham and movement coach Jermaine Browne for a motion shoot challenge, which was won by Jeana. They later had a couture photo shoot in the desert while posing with a parachute. Brendi K decided to quit the competition at panel. Shanice received best photo during elimination, while Jeana and Kyla landed in the bottom two. As a result of Brendi K’s departure earlier in the episode, both of them were allowed to stay.[13]

text:
Featured photographer: Pieter Henket
Special guests: Jermaine Browne

text: Beauty Is Real[edit]

text: Original air date: March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)

text: The six remaining contestants attended castings in Los Angeles for Chris Mena and Maggie Barry. Kyla and Rio were chosen as the winners of the challenge, and were given the opportunity to walk in a runway show for the designers as part of their reward. On set, the models had a cover try photo shoot for Paper magazine. At elimination, Rio received best photo. Erin and Shanice landed in the bottom two, and Erin was eliminated from the competition.[14]

text:
Featured photographer: Pieter Henket
Special guests: Chris Mena, Barbara Strasmore, Maggie Barry

text: Behind The Beauty[edit]

text: This episode featured behind the scenes and never before seen footage of the cycle, and highlighted each contestants journey to the top five.

text: Beauty Is Personality[edit]

text: Original air date: March 20, 2018

text: The remaining finalists had a challenge in which they had to create personalized avatars for the new America's Next Top Model mobile game. Khrystyana was chosen as the winner, and received an assortment of clothes styled by Law Roach. The models were later taken to a mansion in order to shoot a music video with Maejor and Tyra Banks under the direction of Director X. At elimination, Khrystyana received best performance. Jeana and Rio landed in the bottom two, and Jeana was eliminated from the competition.[15]

text:
Featured director: Director X
Special guests: Maejor, David Ortis
Guest judge: Director X

text: Beauty Is a Comeback[edit]

text: Original air date: March 27, 2018 (2018-03-27)

text: The final four took part in a throwback America's Next Top Model challenge inspired by the bubble runway from cycle 16. It was revealed that the models would be walking alongside the formerly eliminated contestants, one of whom would be replacing that week's eliminee at panel. Erin was chosen as the challenge winner, and along with Liberty, Christina, and Jeana, moved back into the model house for the opportunity to possibly return. On set, the contestants had a photo shoot in pairs with cycle 3 winner Eva Marcille covered in tarantulas, shot by former judge Nigel Barker. At elimination, Kyla received best picture. Rio and Shanice landed in the bottom two, and Rio was eliminated from the competition. Out of the four comeback contestants, Jeana was chosen to return.[16]

text:
Featured photographer: Nigel Barker
Special guests: Stacey McKenzie, Eva Marcille

text: Beauty Is Commercial[edit]

text: Original air date: April 3, 2018 (2018-04-03)

text: The remaining four models took part in a challenge for Pantene in which they had to style their own hair and makeup. Khrystyana was chosen as the winner. On set, the contestants had to shoot an advertising campaign for Pantene, which required them to embody several different products from the brand. At elimination, Kyla won best photo. Jeana and Shanice landed in the bottom two, and Jeana was eliminated from the competition. In a shocking turn of events, she was saved from elimination by guest judge Philipp Plein, joining the other three models in the finale.[17]

text:
Featured photographer: Torkil Gudnason
Special guests: Kelly Vanasse, Danilo, Philipp Plein
Guest judge: Philipp Plein

text: Next Level Fierce[edit]

text: Original air date: April 10, 2018 (2018-04-10)

text: The finalists attended a fitting for Philipp Plein after which Shanice was eliminated from the competition. The remaining three contestants took part in a photo shoot for the winner's spread to be published in Paper magazine. They later reunited with the formerly eliminated contestants for the final runway show. Immediately following the runway show, Khrystyana was eliminated based on the results from the photo shoot that had taken place earlier that week. The judges deliberated over the body of work of the remaining two finalists, and at the end of the night, Kyla was crowned as the winner.[18]

text:
Featured photographer: Vijat Mohindra
Special guests: Philipp Plein, Mickey Boardman, Stacey McKenzie

text: Summaries[edit]

text: Results[edit]

text:
Order
Episodes

2
3
4[a]
5
6
7[b]
8
9[c]
10
12
13
14[d]
15[e]

1
Coura
Liberty
Khrystyana
Rio
Khrystyana
Brendi K.
Jeana
Khrystyana
Kyla
Rio
Sandra
Shanice
Kyla
Shanice
Rio
Khrystyana
Kyla
Kyla
Kyla

2
Rio
Jeana
Jeana
Khrystyana
Shanice
Jeana
Khrystyana
Khrystyana
Kyla
Khrystyana
Khrystyana
Jeana

3
Erin
Brendi K.
Christina
Shanice
Jeana
Shanice
Erin
Jeana
Shanice
Shanice
Shanice
Khrystyana

4
Jeana
Rio
Liberty
Sandra
Christina
Erin
Rio
Kyla
Rio
Rio
Jeana
Shanice

5
Khrystyana
Kyla
Brendi K.
Kyla
Erin
Brendi K.
Jeana
Kyla
Shanice
Jeana

6
Christina
Christina
Erin
Brendi K.
Sandra
Rio
Erin

7
Liz
Liz
Shanice
Jeana
Rio
Khrystyana
Brendi K.

8
Kyla
Coura
Kyla
Erin
Brendi K.
Erin
Sandra

9
Ivana
Erin
Rio
Liberty
Kyla
Christina

10
Rhiyan
Khrystyana
Sandra
Christina
Liberty

11
Liberty
Sandra
Coura
Coura

12
Shanice
Rhiyan
Rhiyan

13
Sandra
Shanice
Liz

14
Brendi K.
Ivana

15
Maggie

text:
Jump up ^ In Episode 4, Liz quit the competition before that week's panel and elimination.
Jump up ^ In Episode 7, Brendi K., Jeana, Khrystyana, Kyla, Rio, Sandra, and Shanice shared a 7-way tie for first call-out.
Jump up ^ In Episode 9, Brendi K. quit the competition during panel. As a result, no one was eliminated.
Jump up ^ Jeana returned to the competition after Rio’s elimination in episode 13. She was originally eliminated once again in episode 14 when she landed in the bottom two with Shanice, but was saved.
Jump up ^ In episode 15, Shanice was eliminated outside of judging panel after a fitting that took place before the final runway. Khrystyana was eliminated after the first deliberation at the final judging. Following the final deliberation, Kyla was crowned as the winner.

tag: ol

text: Photo shoot guide[edit]

text:
Episode 1 photo shoot: Avant-garde couture in a garden (casting)
Episode 2 photo shoot: Bohemian maternity editorial
Episode 3 video shoot: Trademark style in a mirrored room
Episode 4 photo shoot: American Horror Story in a haunted mansion
Episode 5 photo shoot: Stacked beauty shots in groups
Episode 6 photo shoot: Princesses with former RuPaul's Drag Race contestants
Episode 7 photo shoot: Unretouched natural beauty in lingerie
Episode 8 photo shoot: Dripping in gold with plus-size male models
Episode 9 photo shoot: Parachute couture in the desert
Episode 10 photo shoot: Paper magazine cover tries
Episode 12 music video: Mansion madness with Maejor
Episode 13 photo shoot: Posing in pairs with Eva Marcille covered in tarantulas
Episode 14 photo shoot: Pantene ad campaigns
Episode 15 photo shoot: Paper magazine spreads

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
cycle
Episode
Air date
Viewers (m)
18–49
Rating/share
Ref.

305
1
"The Boss Is Back"
January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09)
0.86
0.45
[19]

306
2
"Beauty Is Los Angeles"
January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16)
0.96
0.40
[20]

307
3
"Beauty Is a Trademark"
January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)
0.88
0.42
[21]

308
4
"Beauty Is Drama"
January 30, 2018 (2018-01-30)
0.79
0.37
[22]

309
5
"Beauty Is Unconventional"
February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06)
0.78
0.38
[23]

310
6
"Beauty Is Pride"
February 13, 2018 (2018-02-13)
0.79
0.32
[24]

311
7
"Beauty Is Raw"
February 20, 2018 (2018-02-20)
0.86
0.40
[25]

312
8
"Beauty Is Social"
February 27, 2018 (2018-02-27)
0.83
0.39
[26]

313
9
"Beauty Is Movement"
March 6, 2018 (2018-03-06)
0.67
0.30
[27]

314
10
"Beauty Is Real"
March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)
0.73
0.35
[28]

315
11
"Behind The Beauty"
March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)
0.41
0.18
[28]

316
12
"Beauty Is Personality"
March 20, 2018 (2018-03-20)
0.78
0.35
[29]

317
13
"Beauty Is a Comeback"
March 27, 2018 (2018-03-27)
0.74
0.35
[30]

318
14
"Beauty Is Commercial"
April 3, 2018 (2018-04-03)
0.83
0.36
[31]

319
15
"Next Level Fierce"
April 10, 2018 (2018-04-10)
0.86
0.35
[32]


document_title: List of U.S. states and territories by population

question_text: who has the largest population in the united states

text: Methodology[edit]

text: The United States Census counts most persons residing in the United States including citizens, non-citizen permanent residents, and non-citizen long-term visitors.[1] Civilian and military federal employees serving abroad and their dependents are counted in their home state.[2]

text: Electoral apportionment[edit]

text: Based on data from the decennial census, each state is allocated a proportion of the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives, although each state is guaranteed a minimum of one seat, regardless of population. This apportionment is based on the proportion of each state's population to that of the fifty states together (without regard to the populations of the District of Columbia, AS, GU, MP, PR, or VI). The Electoral College is the body that, every four years, elects the President and Vice President of the United States. Each state's representation in the Electoral College is equal to that state's total number of members in both houses of the United States Congress. The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution effectively grants the District of Columbia, which is separate from any state, three votes. More precisely, the district gets as many votes in the Electoral College as it would have if it were a state, with the caveat that the district can have no more votes than the least populous state (which is currently Wyoming). Currently, this caveat is a moot point since the District of Columbia would only be entitled to one representative if it were a state, and is more populous than only two of the seven states with a single member in the House since 2013. Since the Constitution guarantees every state at least one U.S. Representative and two U.S. Senators, it effectively guarantees every state (and, since the ratification of the 23rd Amendment, the District of Columbia) at least three electoral votes. Thus, the total representation in the Electoral College is 538 members (equal to 100 senators plus 435 representatives, plus 3 members for the District of Columbia).[3]

text: State Rankings[edit]

text:
Rank in the fifty states, 2017
Rank in all states and territories, 2010
State or territory
Population estimate, July 1, 2017[4]
Census population, April 1, 2010
Total seats in the U.S. House of Representatives, 2013–2023
Estimated population per House seat, 2017
Census population per House seat, 2010
Percent of the total U.S. population, 2017[note 1]

7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
 California
39,536,653
37,252,895
7001530000000000000♠53
745,974
702,885
12.14%

7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
 Texas
28,304,596
25,146,105
7001360000000000000♠36
786,238
698,503
8.69%

7000300000000000000♠3
7000400000000000000♠4
 Florida
20,984,400
18,804,623
7001270000000000000♠27
777,200
696,468
6.44%

7000400000000000000♠4
7000300000000000000♠3
 New York
19,849,399
19,378,087
7001270000000000000♠27
735,163
717,707
6.09%

7000500000000000000♠5
7000600000000000000♠6
 Pennsylvania
12,805,537
12,702,887
7001180000000000000♠18
711,419
705,715
3.93%

7000600000000000000♠6
7000500000000000000♠5
 Illinois
12,802,023
12,831,549
7001180000000000000♠18
711,224
712,864
3.93%

7000700000000000000♠7
7000700000000000000♠7
 Ohio
11,658,609
11,536,725
7001160000000000000♠16
728,663
721,032
3.58%

7000800000000000000♠8
9
 Georgia
10,429,379
9,688,681
7001140000000000000♠14
744,956
691,975
3.20%

7000900000000000000♠9
10
 North Carolina
10,273,419
9,535,692
7001130000000000000♠13
790,263
733,498
3.15%

7001100000000000000♠10
8
 Michigan
9,962,311
9,884,129
7001140000000000000♠14
711,594
705,974
3.06%

7001110000000000000♠11
7001110000000000000♠11
 New Jersey
9,005,644
8,791,936
7001120000000000000♠12
750,470
732,658
2.76%

7001120000000000000♠12
7001120000000000000♠12
 Virginia
8,470,020
8,001,045
7001110000000000000♠11
770,002
727,366
2.60%

7001130000000000000♠13
7001130000000000000♠13
 Washington
7,405,743
6,724,543
7001100000000000000♠10
740,574
672,454
2.27%

7001140000000000000♠14
7001160000000000000♠16
 Arizona
7,016,270
6,392,307
7000900000000000000♠9
779,586
710,224
2.15%

7001150000000000000♠15
7001140000000000000♠14
 Massachusetts
6,859,819
6,547,817
7000900000000000000♠9
762,202
727,514
2.11%

7001160000000000000♠16
7001170000000000000♠17
 Tennessee
6,715,984
6,346,275
7000900000000000000♠9
746,220
705,123
2.06%

7001170000000000000♠17
7001150000000000000♠15
 Indiana
6,666,818
6,484,229
7000900000000000000♠9
740,758
720,422
2.05%

7001180000000000000♠18
7001180000000000000♠18
 Missouri
6,113,532
5,988,927
7000800000000000000♠8
764,192
748,615
1.88%

7001190000000000000♠19
7001190000000000000♠19
 Maryland
6,052,177
5,773,785
7000800000000000000♠8
756,522
721,694
1.86%

7001200000000000000♠20
7001200000000000000♠20
 Wisconsin
5,795,483
5,687,289
7000800000000000000♠8
724,435
710,873
1.78%

7001210000000000000♠21
7001220000000000000♠22
 Colorado
5,607,154
5,029,324
7000700000000000000♠7
801,022
720,704
1.72%

7001220000000000000♠22
7001210000000000000♠21
 Minnesota
5,576,606
5,303,925
7000800000000000000♠8
697,076
662,991
1.71%

7001230000000000000♠23
7001240000000000000♠24
 South Carolina
5,024,369
4,625,401
7000700000000000000♠7
717,767
660,766
1.54%

7001240000000000000♠24
7001230000000000000♠23
 Alabama
4,874,747
4,780,127
7000700000000000000♠7
696,392
682,819
1.50%

7001250000000000000♠25
7001250000000000000♠25
 Louisiana
4,684,333
4,533,479
7000600000000000000♠6
780,722
755,562
1.44%

7001260000000000000♠26
7001260000000000000♠26
 Kentucky
4,454,189
4,339,349
7000600000000000000♠6
742,365
723,228
1.37%

7001270000000000000♠27
7001270000000000000♠27
 Oregon
4,142,776
3,831,073
7000500000000000000♠5
828,555
766,215
1.27%

7001280000000000000♠28
7001280000000000000♠28
 Oklahoma
3,930,864
3,751,616
7000500000000000000♠5
786,173
750,270
1.21%

7001290000000000000♠29
7001300000000000000♠30
 Connecticut
3,588,184
3,574,118
7000500000000000000♠5
717,637
714,824
1.10%

7001710000000000000♠ —
7001290000000000000♠29
 Puerto Rico
3,337,177
3,726,157
1 (non-voting)
—
—
1.01%

7001300000000000000♠30
7001310000000000000♠31
 Iowa
3,145,711
3,046,869
7000400000000000000♠4
786,428
761,717
0.97%

7001310000000000000♠31
7001350000000000000♠35
 Utah
3,101,833
2,763,888
7000400000000000000♠4
775,458
690,972
0.95%

7001320000000000000♠32
7001330000000000000♠33
 Arkansas
3,004,279
2,915,958
7000400000000000000♠4
751,070
728,990
0.92%

7001330000000000000♠33
7001360000000000000♠36
 Nevada
2,998,039
2,700,691
7000400000000000000♠4
749,510
675,173
0.92%

7001340000000000000♠34
7001320000000000000♠32
 Mississippi
2,984,100
2,968,103
7000400000000000000♠4
746,025
742,026
0.92%

7001350000000000000♠35
7001340000000000000♠34
 Kansas
2,913,123
2,853,132
7000400000000000000♠4
728,281
713,280
0.89%

7001360000000000000♠36
7001370000000000000♠37
 New Mexico
2,088,070
2,059,192
7000300000000000000♠3
696,023
686,393
0.64%

7001370000000000000♠37
7001390000000000000♠39
 Nebraska
1,920,076
1,826,341
7000300000000000000♠3
640,025
608,780
0.59%

7001380000000000000♠38
7001380000000000000♠38
 West Virginia
1,815,857
1,853,011
7000300000000000000♠3
605,285
617,670
0.56%

7001390000000000000♠39
7001400000000000000♠40
 Idaho
1,716,943
1,567,652
7000200000000000000♠2
858,472
783,826
0.53%

7001400000000000000♠40
7001410000000000000♠41
 Hawaii
1,427,538
1,360,301
7000200000000000000♠2
713,769
680,151
0.44%

7001410000000000000♠41
7001430000000000000♠43
 New Hampshire
1,342,795
1,316,466
7000200000000000000♠2
671,398
658,233
0.41%

7001420000000000000♠42
7001420000000000000♠42
 Maine
1,335,907
1,328,361
7000200000000000000♠2
667,954
664,181
0.41%

7001430000000000000♠43
7001440000000000000♠44
 Rhode Island
1,059,639
1,052,931
7000200000000000000♠2
529,820
526,466
0.33%

7001440000000000000♠44
7001450000000000000♠45
 Montana
1,050,493
989,417
7000100000000000000♠1
1,050,493
989,417
0.32%

7001450000000000000♠45
7001460000000000000♠46
 Delaware
961,939
897,936
7000100000000000000♠1
961,939
897,936
0.30%

7001460000000000000♠46
7001470000000000000♠47
 South Dakota
869,666
814,191
7000100000000000000♠1
869,666
814,191
0.27%

7001470000000000000♠47
7001490000000000000♠49
  North Dakota
755,393
672,591
7000100000000000000♠1
755,393
672,591
0.23%

7001480000000000000♠48
7001480000000000000♠48
 Alaska
739,795
710,249
7000100000000000000♠1
739,795
710,249
0.23%

7001610000000000000♠—
7001510000000000000♠51
 District of Columbia
693,972
601,767
1 (non-voting)
—
—
0.21%

7001490000000000000♠49
7001500000000000000♠50
 Vermont
623,657
625,745
7000100000000000000♠1
623,657
625,745
0.19%

7001500000000000000♠50
7001520000000000000♠52
 Wyoming
579,315
563,767
7000100000000000000♠1
579,315
563,767
0.18%

7001720000000000000♠—
7001530000000000000♠53
 Guam
[note 2]
159,358[5]
1 (non-voting)
—
—
0.06%

7001730000000000000♠—
7001540000000000000♠54
 U.S. Virgin Islands
[note 2]
106,405[6]
1 (non-voting)
—
—
0.04%

7001740000000000000♠—
7001550000000000000♠55
 American Samoa
[note 2]
55,519[7]
1 (non-voting)
—
—
0.01%

7001750000000000000♠—
7001560000000000000♠56
 Northern Mariana Islands
[note 2]
53,883[8]
1 (non-voting)
—
—
0.00%

7001760000000000000♠—
7001570000000000000♠57
 Wake Island
100
188
0
—
—
0.00%

7001770000000000000♠—
7001580000000000000♠58
 Palmyra Atoll
20
20
0
—
—
0.00%

7001780000000000000♠—
7001590000000000000♠59
 Midway Atoll
40
0
0
—
—
0.00%

7001790000000000000♠—
—
 Johnston Atoll
0
0
0
—
—
0.00%

7001800000000000000♠—
—
 Baker Island
0
0
0
—
—
0.00%

7001810000000000000♠—
—
 Howland Island
0
0
0
—
—
0.00%

7001820000000000000♠—
—
 Jarvis Island
0
0
0
—
—
0.00%

7001830000000000000♠—
—
 Kingman Reef
0
0
0
—
—
0.00%

7001840000000000000♠—
—
Navassa Island
0
0
0
—
—
0.00%

7001850000000000000♠—
—
Serranilla Bank
0
0
0
—
—
0.00%

7001860000000000000♠—
—
Bajo Nuevo Bank
0
0
0
—
—
0.00%

7001870000000000000♠—
7001870000000000000♠—
Contiguous United States
323,551,845
306,687,555
432 (+ 1 non-voting)
—
—
98.18%

7001820000000000000♠—
7001820000000000000♠—
The fifty states
325,025,206
308,156,338
435
737,348
708,376
98.48%

7001830000000000000♠—
7001830000000000000♠—
Fifty states + D.C.
325,719,178
308,758,105
435 (+ 1 non-voting)
—
—
98.67%

7001840000000000000♠—
7001840000000000000♠—
Total U.S. (including D.C. and territories)
329,431,520
312,913,872
435 (+ 6 non-voting)
—
—
100.00%

text:
Jump up ^ Because of rounding of the individual percentages, the entries in this column may not sum to 100%.
^ Jump up to: a b c d There is no official population estimate for American Samoa, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, and United States Virgin Islands between the decennial censuses.

text: Summary of population by region[edit]

text:
Legend

Division totals – 9 divisions for 50 states and D.C.

Region totals – 4 regions ( 2 or 3 divisions each)

Individual territories

Total U.S. Territories

50 States + District of Columbia

Divisions & regions as defined by U.S. Census Bureau

Last col. shows larger region which contains entity in col. 1

text:
Population of states, territories, divisions and regions

State/Territory/
Division/Region
Rank
2017
population
Rank
2010
population
Rank
2000
population
Rank
2000-
2010
change
Geographic
sort

21 ! Massachusetts
14 !15
28 !6,859,819
14 !14
28 !6,547,629
13 !13
27 !6,349,097
43 !43
56 !3.1%
01 !NEng

07 ! Connecticut
29 !29
44 !3,588,184
29 !29
45 !3,574,097
29 !29
45 !3,405,565
35 !35
45 !4.9%
02 !NEng

19 ! Maine
41 !42
56 !1,335,907
41 !41
57 !1,328,361
40 !40
56 !1,274,923
39 !39
49 !4.2%
03 !NEng

29 ! New Hampshire
42 !41
57 !1,342,795
42 !42
58 !1,316,470
41 !41
57 !1,235,786
32 !32
41 !6.5%
04 !NEng

39 ! Rhode Island
43 !43
58 !1,059,639
43 !43
59 !1,052,567
43 !43
59 !1,048,319
49 !49
65 !0.4%
05 !NEng

45 ! Vermont
49 !49
623,657
49 !49
65 !625,741
49 !49
65 !608,827
44 !44
60 !2.8%
06 !NEng

55 !       New England
59 !9
14,810,001
59 !9
18 !14,444,865
59 !9
18 !13,922,517
57 !7
52 !3.8%
07 !NEast

32 ! New York
03 !3
15 !19,849,399
03 !3
15 !19,378,102
03 !3
14 !18,976,457
46 !46
62 !2.1%
08 !MAtl

38 ! Pennsylvania
06 !5
20 !12,805,537
06 !6
20 !12,702,379
06 !6
20 !12,281,054
41 !41
53 !3.4%
09 !MAtl

30 ! New Jersey
11 !11
25 !9,005,644
11 !11
25 !8,791,894
09 !9
23 !8,414,350
37 !37
47 !4.5%
10 !MAtl

53 !       Mid-Atlantic
54 !4
09 !41,660,580
54 !4
09 !40,872,375
54 !4
09 !39,671,861
58 !8
57 !3.0%
11 !NEast

61 !       Northeast
63 !4
06 !56,470,581
63 !4
06 !55,317,240
63 !4
05 !53,594,378
63 !4
55 !3.2%
12 !USA

09 ! Florida
04 !4
16 !19,552,860
04 !4
16 !18,801,310
04 !4
17 !15,982,378
08 !8
09 !17.6%
13 !SAtl

10 ! Georgia
08 !8
22 !9,992,167
09 !9
23 !9,687,653
10 !10
24 !8,186,453
07 !7
08 !18.3%
14 !SAtl

33 ! North Carolina
10 !10
24 !9,848,060
10 !10
24 !9,535,483
11 !11
25 !8,049,313
06 !6
07 !18.5%
15 !SAtl

46 ! Virginia
12 !12
26 !8,260,405
12 !12
26 !8,001,024
12 !12
26 !7,078,515
16 !16
21 !13.0%
16 !SAtl

20 ! Maryland
19 !19
33 !5,928,814
19 !19
33 !5,773,552
19 !19
33 !5,296,486
23 !23
30 !9.0%
17 !SAtl

40 ! South Carolina
24 !24
38 !4,774,839
24 !24
38 !4,625,364
26 !26
41 !4,012,012
10 !10
13 !15.3%
18 !SAtl

48 ! West Virginia
38 !38
53 !1,854,304
37 !37
53 !1,852,994
37 !37
53 !1,808,344
45 !45
61 !2.5%
19 !SAtl

08 ! Delaware
45 !45
60 !925,749
45 !45
61 !897,934
45 !45
61 !783,600
11 !11
14 !14.6%
20 !SAtl

64 ! District of Columbia
64 !--
64 !646,449
64 !--
66 !601,723
64 !--
66 !572,059
64 !--
44 !5.2%
21 !SAtl

57 !       South Atlantic
51 !1
05 !64,705,532
51 !1
05 !59,777,037
51 !1
06 !51,769,160
53 !3
12 !15.5%
22 !South

42 ! Tennessee
17 !17
31 !6,495,978
17 !17
31 !6,346,105
16 !16
30 !5,689,283
19 !19
24 !11.5%
23 !ESC

01 ! Alabama
23 !23
37 !4,833,722
23 !23
37 !4,779,736
23 !23
37 !4,447,100
27 !27
35 !7.5%
24 !ESC

17 ! Kentucky
26 !26
40 !4,395,295
26 !26
40 !4,339,367
25 !25
40 !4,041,769
28 !28
36 !7.4%
25 !ESC

24 ! Mississippi
31 !31
46 !2,991,207
31 !31
47 !2,967,297
31 !31
47 !2,844,658
38 !38
48 !4.3%
26 !ESC

52 !       East South Central
58 !8
17 !19,029,020
58 !8
17 !18,432,505
58 !8
16 !17,022,810
55 !5
32 !8.3%
27 !South

43 ! Texas
02 !2
12 !26,448,193
02 !2
12 !25,145,561
02 !2
12 !20,851,820
05 !5
06 !20.6%
28 !WSC

18 ! Louisiana
25 !25
39 !4,625,470
25 !25
39 !4,533,372
22 !22
36 !4,468,976
48 !48
64 !1.4%
29 !WSC

36 ! Oklahoma
28 !28
42 !3,850,568
28 !28
43 !3,751,351
27 !27
43 !3,450,654
24 !24
31 !8.7%
30 !WSC

04 ! Arkansas
32 !32
47 !2,959,373
32 !32
48 !2,915,918
33 !33
49 !2,673,400
22 !22
29 !9.1%
31 !WSC

59 !       West South Central
55 !5
11 !39,924,072
55 !5
11 !36,346,202
55 !5
11 !31,444,850
52 !2
11 !15.6%
32 !South

62 !       South
60 !1
02 !123,658,624
60 !1
02 !114,555,744
60 !1
02 !100,236,820
60 !1
15 !14.3%
33 !USA

13 ! Illinois
05 !6
19 !12,882,135
05 !5
19 !12,830,632
05 !5
19 !12,419,293
42 !42
54 !3.3%
34 !ENC

35 ! Ohio
07 !7
21 !11,570,808
07 !7
21 !11,536,504
07 !7
21 !11,353,140
47 !47
63 !1.6%
35 !ENC

22 ! Michigan
09 !10
23 !9,895,622
08 !8
22 !9,883,640
08 !8
22 !9,938,444
50 !50
66 !-0.6%
36 !ENC

14 ! Indiana
16 !17
30 !6,570,902
15 !15
29 !6,483,802
14 !14
28 !6,080,485
31 !31
39 !6.6%
37 !ENC

49 ! Wisconsin
20 !20
34 !5,742,713
20 !20
34 !5,686,986
18 !18
32 !5,363,675
34 !34
43 !6.0%
38 !ENC

51 !       East North Central
53 !3
08 !46,885,244
53 !3
08 !46,421,564
52 !2
07 !45,155,037
59 !9
59 !2.8%
39 !MWest

25 ! Missouri
18 !18
32 !6,044,171
18 !18
32 !5,988,927
17 !17
31 !5,595,211
29 !29
37 !7.0%
40 !WNC

23 ! Minnesota
21 !22
35 !5,420,380
21 !21
35 !5,303,925
21 !21
35 !4,919,479
26 !26
34 !7.8%
41 !WNC

15 ! Iowa
30 !30
45 !3,090,416
30 !30
46 !3,046,355
30 !30
46 !2,926,324
40 !40
50 !4.1%
42 !WNC

16 ! Kansas
34 !34
49 !2,893,957
33 !33
49 !2,853,118
32 !32
48 !2,688,418
33 !33
42 !6.1%
43 !WNC

27 ! Nebraska
37 !37
52 !1,868,516
38 !38
54 !1,826,341
38 !38
54 !1,711,263
30 !30
38 !6.7%
44 !WNC

41 ! South Dakota
46 !46
61 !844,877
46 !46
62 !814,180
46 !46
62 !754,844
25 !25
33 !7.9%
45 !WNC

34 !  North Dakota
48 !47
62 !723,393
48 !48
64 !672,591
47 !47
63 !642,200
36 !36
46 !4.7%
46 !WNC

58 !       West North Central
57 !7
14 !21,294,107
57 !7
14 !20,505,437
56 !6
13 !19,237,739
56 !6
40 !6.6%
47 !MWest

60 !       Midwest
62 !3
04 !68,179,351
62 !3
04 !66,927,001
61 !2
03 !64,392,776
62 !3
51 !3.9%
48 !USA

03 ! Arizona
15 !14
29 !7,016,270
16 !16
30 !6,392,017
20 !20
34 !5,130,632
02 !2
02 !24.6%
49 !Mtn

06 ! Colorado
22 !21
36 !5,607,154
22 !22
36 !5,029,196
24 !24
38 !4,301,261
09 !9
10 !16.9%
50 !Mtn

44 ! Utah
33 !31
48 !3,101,833
34 !34
50 !2,763,885
34 !34
50 !2,233,169
03 !3
03 !23.8%
51 !Mtn

28 ! Nevada
35 !33
50 !2,998,039
35 !35
51 !2,700,551
35 !35
51 !1,998,257
01 !1
01 !35.1%
52 !Mtn

31 ! New Mexico
36 !36
51 !2,088,070
36 !36
52 !2,059,179
36 !36
52 !1,819,046
15 !15
20 !13.2%
53 !Mtn

12 ! Idaho
39 !39
54 !1,716,943
39 !39
55 !1,567,582
39 !39
55 !1,293,953
04 !4
05 !21.1%
54 !Mtn

26 ! Montana
44 !44
59 !1,050,493
44 !44
60 !989,415
44 !44
60 !902,195
21 !21
28 !9.7%
55 !Mtn

50 ! Wyoming
50 !50
66 !579,315
50 !50
67 !563,626
50 !50
67 !493,782
12 !12
16 !14.1%
56 !Mtn

54 !       Mountain
56 !6
13 !24,158,117
56 !6
13 !22,065,451
57 !7
15 !18,172,295
51 !1
04 !21.4%
57 !West

05 ! California
01 !1
10 !39,536,653
01 !1
10 !37,253,956
01 !1
10 !33,871,648
20 !20
26 !10.0%
58 !Pac

47 ! Washington
13 !13
27 !7,405,743
13 !13
27 !6,724,540
15 !15
29 !5,894,121
13 !13
17 !14.1%
59 !Pac

37 ! Oregon
27 !27
41 !4,142,776
27 !27
42 !3,831,074
28 !28
44 !3,421,399
18 !18
23 !12.0%
60 !Pac

11 ! Hawaii
40 !40
55 !1,427,538
40 !40
56 !1,360,301
42 !42
58 !1,211,537
17 !17
22 !12.3%
61 !Pac

02 ! Alaska
47 !48
63 !739,795
47 !47
63 !710,231
48 !48
64 !626,932
14 !14
19 !13.3%
62 !Pac

56 !       Pacific
52 !2
07 !53,252,505
52 !2
07 !49,880,102
53 !3
08 !45,025,637
54 !4
25 !10.8%
63 !West

63 !       West
61 !2
03 !77,410,622
61 !2
03 !71,945,553
62 !3
04 !63,197,932
61 !2
18 !13.8%
64 !USA

65 ! 50 states and D.C.
65 !--
01 !325,719,178
65 !--
01 !308,745,538
65 !--
01 !281,421,906
65 !--
27 !9.7%
65 !NAmer

69 ! Puerto Rico
66 !1
43 !3,337,177
66 !1
44 !3,725,789
66 !1
42 !3,808,610
68 !3
68 !-2.2%
66 !Terr.

67 ! Guam
67 !2
68 ![note 1]
67 !2
68 !159,358
67 !2
68 !154,805
66 !1
58 !2.9%
67 !Terr.

70 ! U.S. Virgin Islands
68 !3
69 ![note 1]
68 !3
69 !106,405
68 !3
69 !108,612
67 !2
67 !-2.0%
68 !Terr.

66 ! American Samoa
69 !4
71 ![note 1]
69 !4
70 !55,519
70 !5
71 !57,291
69 !4
70 !-3.1%
69 !Terr.

68 ! Northern Mariana Islands
70 !5
70 ![note 1]
70 !5
71 !53,883
69 !4
70 !69,221
70 !5
71 !-22.2%
70 !Terr.

71 !       Total Territories
71 !--
67 !3,712,342
71 !--
41 !4,100,954
71 !--
39 !4,198,539
71 !--
69 !-2.3%
71 !USA