document_title: Alfa Romeo

question_text: which animal is featured on the alfa romeo car logo

question_tokens: which animal is featured on the alfa romeo car logo

text: Alfa Romeo

text: History[edit]

text: Name[edit]

text: The company's name is a combination of the original name, "A.L.F.A." ("Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili"), and the last name of entrepreneur Nicola Romeo, who took control of the company in 1915.

text: Foundation and early years[edit]

text: The company that became Alfa Romeo was founded as Società Anonima Italiana Darracq (SAID) in 1906 by the French automobile firm of Alexandre Darracq, with some Italian investors. One of them, Cavaliere Ugo Stella, an aristocrat from Milan, became chairman of the SAID in 1909.[7] The firm's initial location was in Naples, but even before the construction of the planned factory had started, Darracq decided late in 1906 that Milan would be more suitable and accordingly a tract of land was acquired in the Milan suburb of Portello, where a new factory of 6,700 square metres (8,000 sq yd) was erected. Late 1909, the Italian Darracq cars were selling slowly and Stella, with the other Italian co-investors, founded a new company named A.L.F.A. (Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili), initially still in partnership with Darracq. The first non-Darracq car produced by the company was the 1910 24 HP, designed by Giuseppe Merosi, hired in 1909 for designing new cars more suited to the Italian market.  Merosi would go on to design a series of new A.L.F.A. cars, with more powerful engines (40–60 HP). A.L.F.A. ventured into motor racing, with drivers Franchini and Ronzoni competing in the 1911 Targa Florio with two 24-hp models. In 1914, an advanced Grand Prix car was designed and built, the GP1914, with a four-cylinder engine, double overhead camshafts, four valves per cylinder, and twin ignition.[8] However, the onset of the First World War halted automobile production at A.L.F.A. for three years.

text: In August 1915, the company came under the direction of Neapolitan entrepreneur Nicola Romeo, who converted the factory to produce military hardware for the Italian and Allied war efforts. Munitions, aircraft engines and other components, compressors, and generators based on the company's existing car engines were produced in a vastly enlarged factory during the war. After the war, Romeo invested his war profits in acquiring locomotive and railway carriage plants in Saronno (Costruzioni Meccaniche di Saronno), Rome (Officine Meccaniche di Roma), and Naples (Officine Ferroviarie Meridionali), which were added to his A.L.F.A. ownership.

text:
Alfa Romeo production between 1934 and 1939[9]

Year

Cars

Industrialvehicles

1934
699
0

1935
91
211

1936
20
671

1937
270
851

1938
542
729

1939
372
562

text: Car production had not been considered at first, but resumed in 1919 since parts for the completion of 105 cars had remained at the A.L.F.A. factory since 1915.[7] In 1920, the name of the company was changed to Alfa Romeo with the Torpedo 20–30 HP the first car to be so badged.[10] Their first success came in 1920 when Giuseppe Campari won at Mugello and continued with second place in the Targa Florio driven by Enzo Ferrari. Giuseppe Merosi continued as head designer, and the company continued to produce solid road cars as well as successful race cars (including the 40–60 HP and the RL Targa Florio).

text: In 1923 Vittorio Jano was lured from Fiat, partly thanks to the persuasion of a young Alfa racing driver named Enzo Ferrari, to replace Merosi as chief designer at Alfa Romeo. The first Alfa Romeo under Jano was the P2 Grand Prix car, which won Alfa Romeo the inaugural world championship for Grand Prix cars in 1925. For road cars Jano developed a series of small-to-medium-displacement 4-, 6-, and 8-cylinder inline engines based on the P2 unit that established the architecture of the company's engines, with light alloy construction, hemispherical combustion chambers, centrally located plugs, two rows of overhead valves per cylinder bank and dual overhead cams. Jano's designs proved both reliable and powerful.

text: Enzo Ferrari proved a better team manager than driver, and when the factory team was privatised, it became Scuderia Ferrari. When Ferrari left Alfa Romeo, he went on to build his own cars. Tazio Nuvolari often drove for Alfa, winning many races before the Second World War.

text: In 1928 Nicola Romeo left, and in 1933 Alfa Romeo was rescued by the government, which then had effective control. Alfa Romeo became an instrument of Mussolini's Italy, a national emblem. During this period it built bespoke vehicles for the wealthy, with bodies normally by Touring of Milan or Pinin Farina. This era peaked with the Alfa Romeo 2900B Type 35 racers.

text: The Alfa factory (converted during wartime to the production of Macchi C.202 Folgore engines: the Daimler-Benz 600 series built under license) was bombed during the Second World War, and struggled to return to profitability after the war. The luxury vehicles were out. Smaller, mass-produced vehicles began to be produced beginning with the 1954 model year, with the introduction of the Giulietta series of berline (saloons/sedans), coupes and open two-seaters.  All three varieties shared what would become the Alfa Romeo overhead Twin Cam four-cylinder engine, initially 1300 cc. This engine would eventually be enlarged to 2000 cc and would remain in production until 1995.

text: When I see an Alfa Romeo go by, I tip my hat.

text: Post war[edit]

text: Once motor sports resumed after the Second World War, Alfa Romeo proved to be the car to beat in Grand Prix events.  The introduction of the new formula (Formula One) for single-seat racing cars provided an ideal setting for Alfa Romeo's Tipo 158 Alfetta, adapted from a pre-war voiturette, and Giuseppe Farina won the first Formula One World Championship in 1950 in the 158. Juan Manuel Fangio secured Alfa's second consecutive championship in 1951.

text:
Alfa Romeo production between 1998 and 2017[12]

Year

Cars

1998
197,680

1999
208,336

2000
206,836

2001
213,638

2002
187,437

2003
182,469

2004
162,179

2005
130,815

2006
157,794

2007
151,898

2008
103,097

2009
103,687

2010
119,451

2011
130,535

2012
101,000[13]

2013
74,000

2014
58,948[2]

2015
56,688[2]

2016
71,700[14]

2017
118,000[14]

text: In 1952, Alfa Romeo experimented with its first front-wheel drive compact car, "Project 13–61".[15] It had the same transverse-mounted, forward-motor layout as the modern front-wheel drive automobile. Alfa Romeo made a second attempt toward the late 1950s based on Project 13–61. It was to be called Tipo 103 and resembled the smaller version of its popular Alfa Romeo Giulia. However, due to the financial difficulties in post-war Italy, the Tipo 103 never saw production. Had Alfa Romeo produced it, it would have preceded the Mini as the first "modern" front-wheel drive compact car. In the mid-fifties, Alfa Romeo entered into an agreement with Brazil's Matarazzo Group to create a company called Fabral (Fábrica Brasileira de Automóveis Alfa, "the Brazilian Alfa automobile factory") to build the Alfa Romeo 2000 there. After having received government approval, Matarazzo pulled out and under pressure from Brazil's President Juscelino Kubitschek the state-owned FNM company instead commenced building the car as the "FNM 2000" there in 1960.[16]

text: During the 1960s, Alfa Romeo concentrated on competition using production-based cars, including the GTA (standing for Gran Turismo Allegerita), an aluminium-bodied version of the Bertone-designed coupe with a powerful twin-plug engine.  Among other victories, the GTA won the inaugural Sports Car Club of America's Trans-Am championship in 1966.  In the 1970s, Alfa Romeo concentrated on prototype sports car racing with the Tipo 33, with early victories in 1971. Eventually the Tipo 33TT12 gained the World Championship for Makes for Alfa Romeo in 1975 and the Tipo 33SC12 won the World Championship for Sports Cars in 1977.[17][18]

text: By the 1970s, Alfa Romeo was again in financial trouble and creative measures were attempted to shore it up, including an ultimately unsuccessful joint venture with Nissan endorsed by Ettore Massacesi of Alfa Romeo's parent company, the Italian-government owned Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale (IRI) and Prime Minister Francesco Cossiga. By 1986, IRI was suffering heavy losses, and IRI president Romano Prodi put Alfa Romeo up for sale. Finmeccanica, the mechanical holdings arm of IRI and its predecessors owned Alfa Romeo since 1932. Prodi first approached fellow Italian manufacturer Fiat, which offered to start a joint venture with Alfa. Prodi was initially unsupportive, citing the strained industrial relations between Northern and Southern Italy, with Fiat being based in Turin and Alfa being based in Milan.[dubious  – discuss]

text: Fiat withdrew its plan for a joint venture when Ford put in an offer to acquire part of Alfa Romeo and restructure the company, while increasing its stake over time. However, Fiat put in a bid to acquire the entirety of Alfa Romeo and offer job guarantees to Italian workers, an offer that Ford was unwilling to match.

text: It also did not hurt any of the parties involved that an acquisition by Fiat would keep Alfa Romeo in Italian hands. In 1986, the deal was concluded with Alfa Romeo merged with traditional rival Lancia into Fiat's Alfa Lancia Industriale S.p.A.

text: Models produced from the 1990s combined Alfa's traditional virtues of avant-garde styling and sporting panache with the economic benefits of product rationalisation, and include a "GTA" version of the 147 hatchback, the Giugiaro-designed Brera, and a high-performance exotic called the 8C Competizione (named after one of Alfa's most successful prewar sports and racing cars, the 8C of the 1930s).

text: In 2005 Maserati was bought back from Ferrari and under Fiat's full control. The Fiat Group plans to create a sports and luxury division from Maserati and Alfa Romeo.[19] There is a planned strategic relationship between these two; engines, platforms and possibly dealers will be shared in some markets.[20]

text: In the beginning of 2007, Fiat Auto S.p.A. was reorganized and four new automobile companies were created; Fiat Automobiles S.p.A., Alfa Romeo Automobiles S.p.A., Lancia Automobiles S.p.A. and Fiat Light Commercial Vehicles S.p.A. These companies are fully owned by Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A (from 2007 FCA Italy S.p.A.).[21]

text: Carabinieri and Italian government[edit]

text: In the 1960s Alfa Romeo became famous for its small cars and models specifically designed for the Italian police and Carabinieri; among them the "Giulia Super" and the 2600 Sprint GT. The colours of the Alfa Romeos used by the Polizia were/are green/blue with white stripes and writing, known as "Pantera" (Panther), enhancing the aggressive look of the Alfa (particularly the Giulia series), while the Carabinieri Alfas are dark blue with white roofs and red stripes, known as the "Gazzella" (Gazelle) denoting the speed and agility of these "Pattuglie" (patrol cars). However, the term "Pantera" became used interchangeably and the image helped create a no-nonsense, determined and respected perception by the general public of the men that drove these cars, true to their history.

text: Since then, Alfas remain the chosen mount of the Carabinieri (arm of the Italian armed forces seconded only partly for civilian policing purposes), Polizia Autostradale (highway police), Guardia di Finanza (fiscal law enforcement) and the conventional police service (Polizia). Successively, the following Alfa Romeo Berlinas have found favour for Italian police and government employment[22]

text: Since the 1960s, the Italian Prime Minister has used Alfa Romeos (and lately the new Maserati Quattroporte) as preferred government limousines. The 164 and 166 have found particular employment in the last two decades.

text: On 24 June 2010, Alfa Romeo celebrated 100 years from its foundation.[23]

text: Recent developments[edit]

text: Alfa Romeo has been suffering from falling sales. Some analysts concluded that the automaker suffered large operating losses in the mid-2000s – estimated to be about 15 percent to 20 percent of annual revenues, or about 300 million to 500 million euros a year. For the year of 2010, it sold a total of about 112,000 units which was significantly lower than Fiat CEO Marchionne's global sales target of 300,000. Alfa then wanted to achieve 170,000 sales in 2011, including 100,000 Giulietta and 60,000 MiTo, but it actually sold 130,000 units that year.[24] Its medium-term target was 500,000 units by 2014 including 85,000 from N. American market.[25] In 2017 Alfa Romeo increased production by 62 percent, it build a total of 150,722 vehicles at the company's three factories.[26]

text: Return to North America[edit]

text: Alfa Romeo was imported to the United States by Max Hoffman from the mid-1950s.[27] The Giulietta Spider was born by request of Max Hoffman, who proposed an open version of the Giulietta.[28] In 1961 Alfa Romeo started importing cars to the United States.[29]

text: In 1995, Alfa Romeo ceased exporting cars to the United States,[30] the last model sold in that market being the 164 sedans.

text: Since that time, rumours of a return culminated with a website announcement stating "The long-awaited return of Alfa Romeo to the United States market should take place by 2007, with a range of new models." In fact, Alfa Romeo's return to United States was officially confirmed on 5 May 2006 by Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne. North American sales resumed in October 2008, with the launch of the low production 8C Competizione coupe.[31] Also in 2008, Alfa Romeo and Chrysler were reported to be in discussions over the possibility of producing Alfa Romeo cars in some Chrysler manufacturing plants that had shutdown due to the company group's restructure and cost cutting. Instead, as reported by The Wall Street Journal reported in November 2009, Chrysler discontinued several Dodge and Jeep models while phasing in Alfa Romeo ones and the new Fiat 500.[32]

text: The next significant milestones in Alfa Romeo's North American return occurred in 2014, with the launch of the more affordable two-seater 4C coupe. That year, Fiat Group Automobiles S.p.A. confirmed that its original agreement with Mazda Motor Corporation, for the speculated manufacturing of a new Alfa Romeo Spider based on the Mazda Miata, had been terminated mutually in December 2014 (with this joint-venture's Miata-based car, becoming the new 2015 Fiat 124 convertible). In 2015, Alfa Romeo's return to this market was further bolstered by the automaker's display of the new Giulia at the Los Angeles Auto Show. In February 2017, Chrysler featured its Alfa Romeo brand exclusively in three ads during Super Bowl LI.[33]

text: Alfa Romeo's US importer, FCA US LLC, imports the 4C, Giulia and Stelvio.

text: Design and technology[edit]

text: Technological development[edit]

text: Alfa Romeo has introduced many technological innovations over the years, and the company has often been among the first users of new technologies. Its trademark double overhead cam engine was used for the first time in the 1914 Grand Prix car,[34] the first road car with such an engine, the 6C 1500 Sport, appeared in 1928.

text: Alfa Romeo tested one of the very first electric injection systems (Caproni-Fuscaldo) in the Alfa Romeo 6C 2500 with "Ala spessa" body in 1940 Mille Miglia. The engine had six electrically operated injectors, fed by a semi-high pressure circulating fuel pump system.[35]

text: Mechanical variable valve timing was introduced in the Alfa Romeo Spider, sold in the U.S. in 1980.[36] All Alfa Romeo Spider models from 1983 onward used electronic VVT.[37]

text: The 105 series Giulia was quite an advanced car, using such technologies as all-wheel disc brakes,[38] and a plastic radiator header tank[citation needed]. It had also the lowest drag coefficient (Cd) in its class[39] The same trend continued with the Alfetta 2000 and GTV, which had such things as 50:50 weight distribution,[40][41] standard fit alloy wheels[citation needed] and transaxle.[42]

text: Newer innovations include complete CAD design process used in Alfa Romeo 164,[43] robotised/paddle control transmission Selespeed used in the 156;[44] the 156 was also the world's first passenger car to use Common rail diesel engine.[45] The Multiair -an electro-hydraulic variable valve actuation technology used in MiTo was introduced in 2009.[46] In 2016 Alfa Romeo Giulia came with electrical brakes.[47]

text: Body design[edit]

text: Many famous automotive design houses in Italy have accepted commissions to produce concepts and production vehicle shapes for Alfa Romeo. These include:

text:
Bertone
Giorgetto Giugiaro / Italdesign
Pininfarina
Zagato
Centro Stile Alfa Romeo

text: The last mentioned, the Centro Stile, has rapidly gained international credibility[vague] with its work. The 8C Competizione super-coupé, and the MiTo hatchback are the results.

text: Construction techniques used by Alfa Romeo have become imitated by other car makers, and in this way Alfa Romeo body design has often been very influential. The following is a list of innovations, and where appropriate, examples of imitation by other car manufacturers:

text:
1950s: Monocoque body design in the Giulia:[dubious  – discuss] While not an imitation per se, this construction technique became extremely widespread, and remains so to the present day.
1960s: Aerodynamics: The 116-series Giulia had a very low Cd. Toyota in particular sought to produce a similarly shaped series of vehicles at this time.
1970s: Fairing of bumpers: In order to meet American crash standards, Alfa formulated design styling techniques to incorporate bumpers into the overall bodywork design of vehicles so as to not ruin their lines. The culmination of this design technique was the 1980s Alfa Romeo 75. The process was widely copied, particularly in Germany and Japan.
1980s: The Alfa 164: The design process and influence of this car is almost completely out of all proportion to previous Alfas. The 164 introduced complete CAD/CAM in the manufacturing cycle, with very little directly made by hand in the vehicle. In addition, the 164's styling influence continues into the present day line of modern Alfas. Most manufacturers incorporated design ideas first expressed in the 164 into their own designs, including greater reliance on on-board computers.[citation needed]
1990s: The pseudo-coupé: The Alfa 156 and 147, while four-door vehicles, represented themselves as two-doors with prominent front door handles, and less visible rear door-handle flaps. Honda has used this design style in the latest Civic hatchback, and a somewhat similar idea is also seen in the most recent Mazda RX-8 four-seat coupé.
 Alfa Spider (Type 939)2000s: The Brera and 159: These vehicles' design, by Giorgetto Giugiaro, have proven influential in sedan and coupé styling, demonstrating that concept vehicles are often immediately translatable into road car form, providing that initial design takes place using CAD systems.

text: Alfa Romeo has made a number of concept cars:

text: The Berlina Aerodinamica Tecnica prototype cars were designed by Bertone as an exercise in determining whether streamlining and wind-tunnel driven designs would result in high performance on a standard chassis, and whether the resulting vehicles would be palatable to public. Alfa 1900 Sprint were the basis of the B.A.T. 5, 7 and 9.[48] The later B.A.T. 11 was based on the 8C Competizione.

text: The Tipo 33 racing car, with its high-revving 2000 cc V8 engine became the basis for a number of different concept cars during the 1960s and 1970s, two of which ultimately resulted in production vehicles. Most made their appearances at the Auto Salon Genève. Here is a brief list:

text:
Gandini/Bertone Carabo (1968) – Marcello Gandini expressed ideas that would come to fruition in the Lamborghini Countach.
Tipo 33.2 (1969)- Designed by Pininfarina to the design already known from Ferrari concept car.
Gandini/Bertone Montreal Concept (1967) – making its appearance at the 1967 Montreal Expo, this Giulia-based concept resulted in the production Alfa Romeo Montreal road car with a variant of the Tipo 33 V8 engine.
Bertone/Giugiaro Navajo (1976)- A fully fibreglassed vehicle, and in some ways the epitome of Giugiaro's 'Origami' style of flat planes.

text: In general, concept cars for Alfa Romeo have generally become production vehicles, after some modification to make them suitable for manufacture, and to provide driver and passenger safety. The Zagato SZ, GTV and Spider, Brera and 159 are all good examples of Alfa Romeo's stylistic commitment in this direction.

text: Symbols[edit]

text: Logo[edit]

text: Alfa Romeo's logo incorporates two heraldic devices traditionally associated with its birthplace, the city of Milan: a red cross, from the emblem of Milan, and the biscione, a crowned viper swallowing a Moor—emblem of the House of Visconti, rulers of the city in the 14th century.[49][50]

text: The logo was originally designed in 1910 by a young Italian draughtsman from the A.L.F.A technical office, Romano Cattaneo.[51]

text: Origin[edit]

text:
In June 1910 the Società Anonima Darracq became Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili, and was readying its first model, the 24 HP. The board asked chief engineer Giuseppe Merosi to devise a badge for the radiator shell of the new car; Merosi turned to his collaborators.[51]
One of them, Cattaneo, was inspired by the coat of arms he had seen on the gates of Castello Sforzesco to include the biscione in the logo.[51] Merosi liked the idea, and together with Cattaneo came up with a sketch, then approved by managing director Ugo Stella; Cattaneo was entrusted with doing the final design.[51]

text:
The original badge was round, of enamelled brass, measuring 65 mm (2.6 in) in diameter, and carried already all the present day accoutrements: the red cross on a white field of Milan on the left, a green biscione on a light blue field on the left, all surrounded by a blue ring inscribed with the words "ALFA" at the top and "MILANO" at the bottom.[52] In honour of the King of Italy, the two words were separated by two figure-eight knots—named Savoy knots in Italian, and symbols of the then-reigning House of Savoy. Originally solid brass, the lettering was changed to white enamel in 1913.[53] In 1918, after the company had been bought by Nicola Romeo, the wording "ALFA" was replaced with "ALFA-ROMEO".
In 1925, to commemorate the victory of the Alfa Romeo P2 in the inaugural World Manufacturers' Championship of 1925, a silver metal laurel wreath was added around the badge, used (in varying form) until 1982.[49][54] The addition of the wreath had enlarged the badge to 75 mm (3.0 in) diameter; in 1930 it was reduced back to 60 mm (2.4 in).[52]

text: Post war evolution[edit]

text:
In 1946, after the abolition of the monarchy and proclamation of the Italian Republic, the figure-eight knots of the Savoy were replaced with two curvy lines.[55] Concurrently the badge was completely redesigned, and further reduced in size to 54 mm (2.1 in), a diameter unchanged ever since.[52] Made of stamped steel, the new badge bore the traditional elements—the scripts, the cross, a newly stylized biscione and a thin laurel wreath—embossed in antique silver, over a uniform Alfa Red background, which had replaced the blue, white and light blue fields.
This red-and-metal badge was used until 1950, when the company switched back to a traditionally enamelled and coloured one; in 1960 the badge was changed from brass to plastic, without substantial differences in design.[55]

text:
At the beginning of the 1970s the all-new Alfa Romeo Pomigliano d'Arco plant (near Naples) was completed. When in 1972 the Alfasud produced there became the first Alfa Romeo passenger car manufactured outside Milan, the word "Milano", the curved lines and the hyphen between "Alfa" and "Romeo" were eliminated from the badge on all Alfa Romeos.[55] At the same time it was redesigned, most notably acquiring a modernised biscione and type face.
After a mild restyling in 1982, which deleted the wreath and changed lettering and all chrome details to gold, this iteration of the badge remained in use until 2015.[56]

text: 2015 redesign[edit]

text: On 24 June 2015, 105th anniversary of the company, a new logo was unveiled at a press event at the Alfa Romeo Museum; together with the Alfa Romeo Giulia as part of the brand's relaunch plan.[57] The redesign was carried out by Robilant Associati, who had previously reworked several other Fiat Group logos—including Fiat Automobiles' and Lancia's.[58]

text: The logo colors have been reduced from four to three: the green of the biscione, the red of the cross, and the dark blue of the surrounding ring. Other changes are a new serif type face, and the absence of the split white and light blue fields, replaced by a single silver textured background.

text: Quadrifoglio[edit]

text: Since 1923, the quadrifoglio logo (also called the 'cloverleaf') has been the symbol of Alfa Romeo racing cars and since WWII, it has also been used to designate the higher trim models of the range. The quadrifoglio is usually placed on the side panels of the car, above or behind the front wheels—on the front wings in the case of modern vehicles. The logo consists of a green cloverleaf with four leaves, contained with a white triangle.

text: History of the emblem[edit]

text: The quadrifoglio has been used on Alfa Romeo cars since the death of Ugo Sivocci in 1923. As a friend of Enzo Ferrari, Sivocci was hired by Alfa Romeo in 1920 to drive in the four-man works team—Alfa Corse—with Antonio Ascari, Giuseppe Campari, and Enzo Ferrari. Sivocci was thought to have enormous experience, but often hampered by bad luck and considered the eternal second-placer. To banish his bad luck, when the Targa Florio came around, the driver painted a white square with a green four-leaf clover (the quadrifoglio) in the centre of the grille of his car. Sivocci had immediate success, crossing the finish line first. The quadrifoglio subsequently became the symbol of the racing Alfa Romeos with the victory at the Targa Florio. Almost as if to prove the magic effects of this symbol, Sivocci was killed while testing Merosi's new P1 at Monza, a few months after winning the Targa Florio. The Salerno driver's P1, which went off the track on a bend, did not have the quadrifoglio. Since this period in 1923, the bodies of Alfa Romeo racing cars have been adorned with the quadrifoglio as a lucky charm. The white square was replaced with a triangle in memory of Ugo Sivocci.[59]

text: Modern usage[edit]

text:
The first road car to bear the quadrifoglio was the 1963 Alfa Romeo Giulia TI Super, a variant of the Giulia saloon car devised for competition but put regularly on sale; it had green four-leaf clovers on its front wings, without the triangle.
In the 1970s "Quadrifoglio Verde" or "Green Cloverleaf" became the trim level for each model's sportiest variant, equipped with the most powerful engine. The Alfasud, Sprint, 33, 75, 164 and 145 all had Quadrifoglio Verde versions.
Also in the 1970s and through the 1980s golden four-leaf clover badges were used to denote the most luxurious and well-equipped variants of Alfa Romeo cars, named "Quadrifoglio Oro" or "Gold Cloverleaf".
The Alfasud, Alfetta, Alfa 6, 90 and 33 had Quadrifoglio Oro versions.
In recent times the quadrifoglio was revived on the 2007 Alfa Romeo 8C Competizione and Spider eight-cylinder sports cars. With the current Alfa Romeo MiTo and Giulietta the Quadrifoglio Verde was reinstated as the sportiest trim level in the range, and green four-leaf clovers on the front wings are once again the hallmark of high-performance Alfa Romeos.
Alfa Romeo's 2016 sport sedan, the all-new Giulia, will be launched first in Quadrifoglio trim before the release of the base models. Starting with the high-end model wearing that historic signature emblem, Alfa Romeo strives to reconquer the North American market after decades of absence.

text: Motorsport[edit]

text: Alfa Romeo has been involved with motor racing since 1911, when it entered two 24 HP models on Targa Florio competition. In the 1920s and 30s it scored wins at many races and motoring events such as Targa Florio, Mille Miglia and Le Mans. Great success continued with Formula One, Prototypes, Touring and Fast Touring. Private drivers also entered some rally competitions, with fine results. Alfa Romeo has competed both as a constructor and an engine supplier, via works entries Alfa Corse, Autodelta and private entries. Alfa Romeo's factory racing team was outsourced to Enzo Ferrari's Scuderia Ferrari between 1933 and 1938. Drivers included Tazio Nuvolari, who won the 1935 German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring.

text: Production[edit]

text: According to the late Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne, in order to reap economies of scale, all new Alfa Romeo models will be made from the same basic platform. Even Maserati will share components with some Alfas.[60]

text: During the 1990s, Alfa Romeo moved car production to other districts in Italy. The Pomigliano d’Arco plant produced the 155, followed by the 145 and the 146, while the Arese plant manufactured the 164 and new Spider and GTV. The 156 was launched in 1997, and became quite successful for Alfa Romeo; in 1998 it was voted "Car of the Year". The same year a new flagship, the 166 (assembled in Rivalta, near Turin) was launched. At the beginning of the third millennium, the 147 was released, which won the prestigious title of "Car of the Year 2001". In 2003 the Arese factory was closed.

text: The Arese factory today hosts almost nothing and is nearly abandoned. What remains are some offices and the Alfa Romeo Historical Museum, a must-see for Alfa Romeo fans.

text: In the 1960s, the main Alfa Romeo seat was moved from inside Milan to a very large and nearby area extending over the municipalities of Arese, Lainate and Garbagnate Milanese. However, since then the Alfa seat is known to be in Arese, since the offices and the main entrance of the area are there.

text: In the late 1960s, a number of European automobile manufacturers established facilities in South Africa to assemble right hand drive vehicles. Fiat and other Italian manufacturers established factories along with these other manufacturers, Alfa-Romeos were assembled in Brits, outside Pretoria in the Transvaal Province of South Africa. With the imposition of sanctions by western powers in the 1970s and 1980s, South Africa became self-sufficient, and in car production came to rely more and more on the products from local factories. This led to a remarkable set of circumstances where between 1972 and 1989, South Africa had the greatest number of Alfa Romeos on the road outside of Italy. Even stranger, Alfa Romeos Brits plant was used from March 1983[61] until 1985 to build Daihatsu Charades for local consumption, but also for export to Italy in order to skirt Italian limits on Japanese imports.[62]

text: In late 1985, with the impending Fiat takeover and an international boycott of the South African Apartheid government, Alfa Romeo withdrew from the market and closed the plant. Tons of valuable parts were then bulldozed into the ground to escape paying import duties.[citation needed]

text:
Assembly plants by model[63]

Plant
Owner
Location
Model(s)

Cassino – Piedimonte S. Germano
FCA Italy S.p.A.
Piedimonte San Germano
Giulietta, Giulia, Stelvio

Stabilimento Mirafiori
FCA Italy S.p.A.
Turin
MiTo

Modena
Maserati S.p.A.
Modena
4C

text: Automobiles[edit]

text:
showAlfa Romeos

ALFA 24 HP (1910–1914)

ALFA 15 HP (1911–1913)

ALFA 40/60 HP (1913–1914)

ALFA 20/30 HP (1914–1922)

ALFA Grand Prix (1914)

G1 (1921–1923)

RL (1922–1927)

RM (1923–1925)

P2 (1924–1930)

6C 1500 (1927–1929)

6C 1750 (1929–1933)

Tipo A (1931)

8C (1931–1939)

P3 (1932–1935)

6C 2300 (1933–1938)

12C (1936–1937)

16C Bimotore (1936)

6C 2500 (1938–1952)

Tipo 512 (1940)

430 (1942–1950)

158/159 (1938–1951)

450/455 (1947–1959)

1900 (1950–1959)

BAT 5, 7 og 9 (1952–1955)

Matta (1952–1954)

Disco Volante (1952–1953)

Romeo (1954–1983)

Giulietta (1954–1965)

2000 (1958–1962)

Giulietta SS (1959–1977)

2600 (1961–1968)

Giulia (1962–1977)

TZ (1963–1965)

TZ2 (1965–1967)

GTA (1965–1969)

Gran Sport (1965–1967)

GT 1300 Junior Z (1965–1977)

Spider (1966–1993)

1750 GT Veloce (1967–1972)

2000 (1967–1972)

33 Stradale (1967–1969)

Montreal (1970–1977)

Alfasud (1971–1989)

Alfetta (1972–1987)

Giulietta (1977–1985)

Alfa 6 (1979–1986)

33 (1983–1995)

90 (1984–1987)

75 (1985–1992)

164 (1987–1998)

SZ (1989–1991)

145 (1994–2000)

146 (1995–2000)

GTV (1995–2006)

156 (1998-2005)

166 (1999–2007)

147 (2000–2010)

GT (2003–2010)

159 (2004–2011)

Brera (2005–2010)

8C Competizione (2007–2010)

MiTo (2008–present)

Giulietta (2010–present)

4C (2013–present)

Giulia (2016–present)

Stelvio (2017–present)

text: Current models[edit]

text:
MiTo

Giulietta

4C

4C Spider

Giulia

Stelvio

text: The MiTo is a three-door sporty supermini officially introduced on 19 June 2008 in Castello Sforzesco in Milan;[64] the international introduction was at British Motor Show in 2008. Production of MiTo is about 15,000 cars per year.

text: The Giulietta is a five-door, small family car officially revealed at the 2010 Geneva Motor Show.[65] It replaced the 147. It is current top Alfa sales with about 40,000 cars per year.

text: The 4C is a small, lightweight rear wheel drive two seater coupé sports car. The car was revealed as concept car at the 81st Geneva Motor Show in 2011.[66] The production version was launched to the European market at the 83rd Geneva Motor show in 2013 and was launched to the American market at the Los Angeles Motor show at the end of November 2013.

text: The new generation Giulia was unveiled to the press at the Museo Storico Alfa Romeo in Arese, on 24 June 2015. This coincided with the company's 105th anniversary and saw the introduction of a revised logo.

text: The Stelvio was unveiled at the 2016 Los Angeles Auto Show. The Stelvio is Alfa Romeo's first production SUV that competes in the same category as the Porsche Macan, Jaguar F-Pace, Audi Q5 and BMW X3.

text: Historic models[edit]

text:
Road cars

Racing cars

1910

1910–1920 24 HP
1910–1911 12 HP
1911–1920 15 HP
1913–1922 40–60 HP

1911 15 HP Corsa
1913 40–60 HP Corsa
1914 Grand Prix

1920

1921–1922 20–30 HP
1920–1921 G1
1921-1921 G2
1922–1927 RL
1923–1925 RM
1927–1929 6C 1500
1929–1933 6C 1750

1922 RL Super Sport
1923 RL Targa Florio
1923 P1
1924 P2
1928 6C 1500 MMS
1929 6C 1750 Super Sport

1930

1931–1934 8C 2300
1933-1933 6C 1900
1934–1937 6C 2300
1935–1939 8C 2900
1939–1950 6C 2500

1931 Tipo A
1931 8C 2300 Monza
1932 Tipo B (P3)
1935 Bimotore
1935 8C 35
1935 8C 2900A
1936 12C 36
1937 12C 37
1937 6C 2300B Mille Miglia
1937 8C 2900B Mille Miglia
1938 308
1938 312
1938 316
1938 158
1939 6C 2500 Super Sport Corsa

1940

1948 6C 2500 Competizione

1950

1950–1958 1900
1951–1953 Matta
1954–1962 Giulietta
1958–1962 2000
1959–1964 Dauphine

1951 159
1952 6C 3000 CM

1960

1962–1968 2600
1962–1976 Giulia Saloon
1963–1967 Giulia TZ
1963–1977 Giulia Sprint
1963–1966 Giulia Sprint Speciale
1965–1967 Gran Sport Quattroruote
1965–1971 GTA
1963–1965 Giulia Spider
1966–1993 Spider
1967–1969 33 Stradale
1967–1977 1750/2000 Berlina

1960 Giulietta SZ
1963 Giulia TZ
1965 GTA
1965 Tipo 33
1968 33/2
1969 33/3

1970

1970–1977 Montreal
1972–1983 Alfasud
1972–1984 Alfetta saloon
1974–1987 Alfetta GT/GTV
1976–1989 Alfasud Sprint
1977–1985 Nuova Giulietta
1979–1986 Alfa 6

1972 33/4
1973 33TT12
1976 33SC12
1979 177
1979 179

1980

1983–1994 33
1984–1987 Arna
1984–1987 90
1985–1992 75
1987–1998 164
1989–1993 SZ/RZ

1982 182
1983 183
1984 184
1985 185

1990

1992–1998 155
1994–2000 145
1994–2000 146
1995–2006 GTV/Spider
1997–2005 156
1998–2007 166

1992 155 GTA
1993 155 V6 TI
1998 156 D2
1999 GTV Cup
2002 156 GTA Super 2000
2003 156 Super 2000

2000

2000–2010 147
2007–2009 8C Competizione
2008–2010 8C Spider
2003–2010 GT
2005–2010 Brera
2005–2011 159
2006–2010 Spider

2003 147 GTA Cup

text: Trucks and light commercial vehicles[edit]

text: In 1930 Alfa Romeo presented a light truck in addition to heavy LCVs based to Büssing constructions.[67] In the Second World War Alfa Romeo also built trucks for the Italian army ("35 tons anywhere") and later also for the German Wehrmacht. After the war, commercial motor vehicle production was resumed.

text: In co-operation with FIAT and Saviem starting from the 1960s different light truck models were developed.

text: The production of heavy LCVs in Italy was terminated in 1967. Heavy trucks continued to be built for a few years in Brazil by Alfa Romeo subsidiary Fábrica Nacional de Motores under the name FNM. The last Alfa Romeo vans were the Alfa Romeo AR6 and AR8, rebadged versions of Iveco Daily and Fiat Ducato. The company also produced trolleybuses for many systems in Italy, Latin America,[68] Sweden,[69] Greece,[70] Germany, Turkey and South Africa. Later, Alfa Romeo concentrated only on passenger car manufacturing.

text:
Alfa Romeo Romeo (1954–1958)
Alfa Romeo Romeo 2 (until 1966)
Alfa Romeo Romeo 3 (1966)
Alfa Romeo A11/F11 (1954–1983)
Alfa Romeo A12/F12
AR8 (based on first generation Iveco Daily)
AR6 (based on first generation Fiat Ducato)
Alfa Romeo F20 (Saviem license)

text:
Alfa Romeo 50 "Biscione" (Büssing-NAG 50)/ 80 (1931–1934)[71]
Alfa Romeo 85 / 110 (1934 – n/a)
Alfa Romeo 350 (1935 – n/a)
Alfa Romeo 430 (1942–1950)[72]
Alfa Romeo 450/455 (1947–1959)
Alfa Romeo 500 (1937 – 1945)
Alfa Romeo 800 (1940–1943)[72]
Alfa Romeo 900 (1947–1954)
Alfa Romeo 950 (1954–1958)
Alfa Romeo Mille (Alfa Romeo 1000) (1958–1964)
Alfa Romeo A15 (Saviem license)
Alfa Romeo A19 (Saviem license)
Alfa Romeo A38 (Saviem license)

text:
Alfa Romeo 40A
Alfa Romeo 80A
Alfa Romeo 85A
Alfa Romeo 110A
Alfa Romeo 140A (1950–1958)
Alfa Romeo 150A (1958)
Alfa Romeo 430A (1949–1953)
Alfa Romeo 500A (1945–1948)
Alfa Romeo 800A
Alfa Romeo 900A (1953–1956)
Alfa Romeo 902A (1957–1959)
Alfa Romeo 950A
Alfa Romeo Mille (bus) (Alfa Romeo 1000) (1960–1964)

text:
Alfa Romeo 110AF (1938)
Alfa Romeo 140AF (1949)
Alfa Romeo 800AF (1950–1954)
Alfa Romeo 900AF (1955–1957)
Alfa Romeo Mille AF (Alfa Romeo 1000) (1959–1964)

text: Concepts[edit]

text: Design has always played a large role in the history of Alfa Romeo. There have been many Alfa Romeo concept cars, often made by famous design houses and designers. The BAT series of concepts from the 1950s was a collaboration with the Italian design house Bertone. Other famous Italian coachbuilders and design houses like Pininfarina, Bertone, Zagato and ItalDesign-Giugiaro have also played a great role in Alfa Romeo's history, and even today some of models are designed and constructed by them.

text: Other production[edit]

text: Although Alfa Romeo is best known as automobile manufacturer it has also produced commercial vehicles of various size, railway locomotives,[7] tractors, buses, trams, compressors, generators, an electric cooker,[73] marine and aircraft engines.

text: Aircraft engines[edit]

text: An Alfa engine was first used on an aircraft in 1910 on the Santoni-Franchini biplane.[74] In 1932 Alfa Romeo built its first real aircraft engine, the D2 (240 bhp), fitted to Caproni 101 D2. In the 1930s when Alfa Romeo engines were used for aircraft on a larger scale; the Savoia Marchetti SM.74, Savoia-Marchetti SM.75, Savoia-Marchetti SM.79, Savoia Marchetti SM.81 and Cant Z506B Airone all used Alfa Romeo manufactured engines.[75] In 1931, a competition was arranged where Tazio Nuvolari drove his Alfa Romeo 8C 3000 Monza against a Caproni Ca.100 airplane.[76] Alfa Romeo built various aircraft engines during the Second World War; the best known was the RA.1000 RC 41-I Monsone, a licensed version of the Daimler-Benz DB 601. This engine made it possible to build efficient fighter aircraft like the Macchi C.202 Folgore for the Italian army. After the Second World War Alfa Romeo produced engines for Fiat, Aerfer and Ambrosini. In the 1960s Alfa Romeo mainly focused upgrading and maintaining Curtiss-Wright, Pratt & Whitney, Rolls-Royce and General Electric aircraft engines. Alfa Romeo also built Italy's first turbine engine, installed to the Beechcraft King Air. Alfa Romeo's Avio division was sold to Aeritalia in 1988,[77] from 1996 it was part of Fiat Avio.[78] Alfa Avio was also part of developing team to the new T700-T6E1 engine to the NHI NH90 helicopter.[79]

text: Marine engines[edit]

text: Alfa Romeo also produced marine engines. The first marine engine was produced in 1929. Later, for three consecutive years: 1937-1938-1939 with remarkable affirmations, Alfa Romeo demonstrated its constructive efficiency by contributing to the development of marine engines.

text: (1938) 12 cyl (4.500) 121,710 km/h

text: Aero-engines[edit]

text:
Alfa Romeo D2
Alfa Romeo 110
Alfa Romeo 115
Alfa Romeo 121
Alfa Romeo 125
Alfa Romeo 126
Alfa Romeo 128
Alfa Romeo 135
Alfa Romeo Lynx
Alfa Romeo Mercurius
Alfa Romeo RA.1000
Alfa Romeo RA-1050
Alfa Romeo R.C.10
Alfa Romeo R.C.34
Alfa Romeo R.C.35
Alfa Romeo AR.318

text: Marketing and sponsorship[edit]

text:
During the years Alfa Romeo has been marketed with different slogans like: "The family car that wins races" used in the 1950s in Alfa Romeo 1900 marketing campaign, "racing since 1911" used on most 1960s Alfa advertisements,[80] In the 1970s the Alfa Romeo 1750 GTV was marketed as "if this kind of handling is good enough for our racing cars, it's good enough for you."[81] The Giulia Sprint GTA was marketed as "The car you drive to work is a champion".[82]
More recent slogans used are "Mediocrity is a sin", "Driven by Passion", "Cuore Sportivo", "Beauty is not enough" and present day "Without heart we would be mere machines". Also other more recent ones are: "It's not a car, it's an Alfa Romeo.", one of them after a couple argue in Italian.

text: As part of its marketing policy, Alfa Romeo sponsors a number of sporting events, such as the Mille Miglia rally.[83] It has sponsored the SBK Superbike World Championship and Ducati Corse since 2007, and the Goodwood Festival of Speed for many years, and was one of the featured brands in 2010 when Alfa Romeo celebrated its 100th anniversary.[84][85] The Alfa Romeo Giulietta has been used since Monza 2010 race as the safety car in Superbike World Championship events.[86] Alfa Romeo has been also shirt sponsor of Eintracht Frankfurt football club in period between 2013 and 2016.

text: In 2002, Alfa Romeo I, the first Alfa Romeo super maxi yacht was launched. It finished first in at least 74 races including the 2002 Sydney—Hobart Race.[87] Alfa Romeo II, commissioned in 2005, measures 30 metres (98 ft) LOA. It set a new elapsed-time record for monohulls in the 2009 Transpac race, of 5 days, 14 hours, 36 minutes, 20 seconds[88] It finished first in at least 140 races. In mid-2008 Alfa Romeo III was launched for competitive fleet racing under the IRC rule. Alfa Romeo III measures 21.4 metres (70 ft) LOA and features interior design styled after the Alfa Romeo 8C Competizione.[89]

text: The BBC motoring show Top Gear repeatedly argued the significance of owning an Alfa Romeo car as a car enthusiast, stating that "You can't be a true petrolhead if you have never owned/or wanted to own an Alfa Romeo". Presenters Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May continuously praised Alfas for their beauty and driving characteristics even though Italian cars had a long-term bad reputation for unreliability. They argued that you (the owner) build a personal relationship with the car despite all of its mechanical faults. Both Clarkson and May have previously owned Alfas (a GTV6 for Clarkson and an Alfa 164 for May) and both have stated that they regretted selling their Alfas the most.

text: During Super Bowl LI, Alfa Romeo ran three commercials throughout the game; the brand was the sole marque advertised by FCA during the game, after exclusively focusing on its Jeep brand at Super Bowl 50.[90][33]


document_title: Medina (surname)

question_text: where did the last name medina come from

root

text: Medina (surname)

text: Medina is a habitational Spanish surname of Arabic-Moorish origin coming from several places. The surname is borne by Moriscos and Sephardic Jews. Notable people with the surname include:

tag: p

text:
Alberto Medina Briseño (born 1983), Mexican footballer
Alexander Medina Reobasco (born 1978), Uruguayan footballer
Anabel Medina Garrigues (born 1982), Spanish tennis player
Ann Medina, American-born Canadian award-winning journalist
Antonio Medina (disambiguation), multiple people
Astrid Medina (born 1977), Colombian coffee producer
Avihu Medina (born 1948), Israeli singer-songwriter
Benny Medina (born 1958), African-American music producer, talent manager and record executive
Biel Medina Piris (born 1980), Spanish footballer
Carlos Medina, Venezuelan plastic artist
César Medina Lozado (born 1991), Peruvian footballer
Chris Medina (born 1983), American singer and American Idol contestant
Claribel Medina (born 1961), Puerto Rican actress
Danilo Medina Sánchez (born 1951), Dominican politician and President of the Dominican Republic since 2012
David M. Medina (born 1958), a former Justice of the Texas Supreme Court
Ernest Medina (born 1936), US Army captain who was the commanding officer of the unit responsible for the My Lai Massacre
Fernando Medina (born 1973), Portuguese politician and mayor of Lisbon
Fernando Medina (born 1973), Spanish fencer
Henrique Medina (1901–1988), 20th century Portuguese painter
Humberto Medina (dancer), Cuban dancer
Humberto Medina (footballer) (1942–2011), Mexican footballer
Isaías Medina Angarita (1897-1953), Venezuelan militar. President of Venezuela(1941-1945)
Iizzwa Medina (born 1982), Honduran retired table tennis player
John Baptist Medina (1659 – 1710), artist of Flemish-Spanish origin who worked in England and Scotland
Jorge Medina (born 1926), Chilean cardinal of the Catholic Church
José Medina (disambiguation)
Juan Medina (disambiguation)
Julio Medina III (born 1976), Panamanian footballer
Leonardo Medina Gutiérrez (born 1977), Uruguayan footballer
Lina Medina (born 1933), youngest mother in recorded history
Luis Medina (disambiguation)
Luiz Carlos Medina (born 1990), Brazilian footballer
Maria Medina[de] (1769—1821 or 1833), ballet dancer, the wife of choreographer Salvatore Viganò
Maxine Medina, Filipina actress and beauty pageant titleholder
Nery Medina Norales (born 1981), Honduran footballer
Nicolás Medina (born 1982), Argentine footballer
Nicolás Esteban Medina Ríos (born 1987), Chilean footballer
Ninrrol Medina Torres (born 1976), Honduran retired footballer and current manager
Ofelia Medina (born 1950), Mexican actress
Patricia Medina (1919–2012), English actress
Paula Medina (born 1989), Colombian table tennis player
Pol Medina, Jr. (born 1960), Filipino comics artist
Rafael Medina Rodríguez (born 1979), Mexican professional footballer
Rafael Medina (baseball) (born 1975), Panamanian former Major League Baseball pitcher
Ricardo Medina, Jr. (born 1979), American actor
Salvador Medina Cárcamo (born 1988), Mexican footballer
Stefan Medina Ramírez (born 1992), Colombian footballer
Tulia Angela Medina (born 1983), Colombian weightlifter
Wilder Medina Tamayo (born 1981), Colombian footballer
Yoervis Medina (born 1988), Venezuelan Major League Baseball pitcher
Yojer Medina (born 1973), Venezuelan shot putter and discus thrower
Juan David Medina, Colombian software engineer

tag: ul


document_title: List of Roseanne characters

question_text: who played the daughter of darlene on roseanne

text: List of Roseanne characters

text: Family tree[edit]

text:
Sonny Anderson

Crystal Anderson

Ed Conner

Audrey Conner

Al Harris

Bev Harris

Lonnie

Ed and Angela

Dan Conner
b. 1951

Roseanne Conner
b. 1952

Jackie Harris
b. 1956

Fred

Becky Healy
b. 1975

Mark Healy

Darlene Healy
b. 1977

David Healy

D.J. Conner
b. 1981

Geena Conner

Jerry Conner
b. 1995

Harris Conner-Healy

Mark Conner-Healy

Mary Conner

Andy Harris

tag: table

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Roseanne Barr
Roseanne Conner
Main

John Goodman
Dan Conner
Main

Laurie Metcalf
Jackie Harris
Main

Michael Fishman
D.J. Conner
Main

Sara Gilbert
Darlene Conner
Main

Lecy Goranson
Becky Conner
Main

Main

Main

Sarah Chalke

Main
Also Starring
Main

Andrea

Recurring

Natalie West
Crystal Anderson
Also Starring
Main
Also Starring
Guest

Guest

Guest

Emma Kenney
Harris Conner-Healy

Main

Ames McNamara
Mark Conner-Healy

Main

Jayden Rey
Mary Conner

Main

George Clooney
Booker Brooks
Also Starring

Guest

Estelle Parsons
Bev Harris
Guest
Also Starring
Recurring

Glenn Quinn
Mark Healy

Guest
Recurring
Also Starring

Martin Mull
Leon Carp

Recurring
Guest
Recurring
Also Starring

Johnny Galecki
David Healy

Recurring
Also Starring
Guest

Sandra Bernhard
Nancy Bartlett

Recurring
Also Starring
Guest
Recurring
Also Starring
Guest

Danielle Harris
Molly Tilden

Also Starring

Mara Hobel
Charlotte Tilden

Also Starring

Michael O'Keefe
Fred

Also Starring

Fred Willard
Scott

Recurring
Also Starring

text: Roseanne Conner[edit]

text: Roseanne Conner is played by Roseanne Barr.[1][2] Roseanne, in a takeoff of her stand-up comedic and presumed real-life persona, is a bossy, loud, caustic, overweight, and dominant woman.[3] She constantly tries to control the lives of her sister, husband, children, co-workers, and friends. Despite her dominating nature, Roseanne is a loving mother who works hard and makes as much time for her kids as possible.[4] She and her younger sister Jackie are the daughters of Beverly and Al Harris. Roseanne is married to Dan Conner and, when the series begins, they have three children: Becky, Darlene and David Jacob ("D.J."); a fourth child, Jerry Garcia, is born late in the series.

text: She and her family deal with the many hardships of poverty, obesity, and domestic troubles with humor. She has always had troubles with weight, inspiring an episode in which she and Dan try to lose weight. She works at the Wellman Plastics factory at the beginning of the show's run and quits that job after a conflict with the new egotistical, domineering boss, Mr. Faber; she leads a walkout that includes most of her friends. She has several periods of unemployment and holds jobs as a fast-food employee, a telemarketer, a bartender, and a shampoo woman/hair sweeper/receptionist at a beauty salon. Subsequently, she works for several years as a waitress in the luncheonette at Rodbell's department store located in the Lanford Mall (much to the chagrin of daughters Becky and Darlene, who regularly hang out there).

text: Roseanne eventually co-owns a successful restaurant called the Lanford Lunch Box with Jackie, her mother Bev, Nancy, and later her former boss from the luncheonette, Leon, after Bev sells her share in the restaurant to him.

text: In Season 9, Roseanne and Jackie win a lottery in excess of $108,000,000. At the end of the season, it is revealed that she didn't win the lottery at all and that most of what had happened on the show was actually from a book of her own writing. She also reveals that Dan died from a heart attack at the end of the previous season. However, in Season 10, which takes place twenty years later, the events of Season 9 are ret-conned out of existence. By this time, she is still married to Dan and is now a grandmother of three.

text: In June 2010, Entertainment Weekly named Roseanne one of the 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years.[5] In 2009, she was listed in the Top 5 Classic TV Moms by Film.com.[6] In May 2012, she was one of the 12 moms chosen by users of iVillage on their list of "Mommy Dearest: The TV Moms You Love".[7] AOL named her the 11th Most Memorable Female TV Character.[8]

text: Dan Conner[edit]

text: Daniel "Dan" Conner' is played by John Goodman, Daniel, or more commonly known as Dan or Danny, is the husband of Roseanne and father of Becky, Darlene, DJ, and Jerry. Dan is a loving, easygoing drywall contractor.[citation needed]

text: During the final episode of Season 9, which was later ret-conned out of existence, Roseanne reveals that the entire series was written as a book based on her life and family, and she changed certain elements of what she hadn't liked; most notably, during the final season, Dan and Roseanne are shown living apart after Dan cheats on Roseanne, but he had actually died from his heart attack at Darlene and David's wedding near the end of Season 8. Writing that he cheated was her way of explaining her feelings of loss and abandonment from his death. The potential absence of Dan from all or most of the next season prompted Phil Rosenthal of the Los Angeles Daily News to describe it as a rare occasion where ending the show would be preferred to doing without. Robinson described Goodman's potential absence as leaving a tremendous void, owing to his ability to make those acting with him better.[9] The revelation that Dan actually died and the series' being a work of fiction within the show was not well received.[10] At the commencement of Season 10, which takes place twenty years after Season 9, Dan is alive, still married to Roseanne, and now a grandfather of three.

text: In an article about television dads, The Post and Courier editor Mindy Spar began discussing how '90s TV dads became goofier than dads from earlier decades, calling Dan more like one of the children than the father.[11] IGN editor Edgar Arce called Dan Conner a prototypical everyman.[12]

text: An article in the Sarasota Herald-Tribune praised Dan and Roseanne's relationship, calling it realistic and commenting that while they mock each other, viewers can feel their love while they deal with the kinds of problems real families face.[13] Daily News editor David Bianculli stated that while they were the most entertaining and realistic couples on television, they were one of the least during their separation.[14] Their relationship was included in TV Guide's list of the best TV couples of all time.[15]

text: Jackie Harris[edit]

text: Marjorie Jacqueline "Jackie" Harris is played by Laurie Metcalf, Jackie is Roseanne's younger sister by three years, neurotic but a loving, devoted aunt to her nieces and nephews.[16][17]

text: Jackie is an intelligent, warm, highly sensitive underachiever with chronic low self-esteem. Roseanne seems to be in charge of Jackie's life, which is a frequent cause of conflict between the two; however, Jackie sometimes enjoys having Roseanne mother her, especially when she feels vulnerable. Jackie's character becomes more animated and colorful as the series progresses.[18] Jackie holds numerous jobs: working in the Wellman Plastics factory for several years until the walkout, then becoming a police officer until she is injured on the job, then becoming a truck driver, then opening The Lanford Lunch Box with Roseanne and Nancy, with her mother as a silent partner.[19][20] Jackie often comes up with off-the-wall ideas, but many of her unconventional ideas actually work. Her romantic relationships are frequently unstable, including one with a domestic abuser. She eventually marries Dan's co-worker Fred, who impregnated her during a one-night stand. Jackie gives birth to their son Andy two months before she marries Fred.

text: At one point Jackie, unhappy with the self-absorbed couch potato Fred, starts going out with another couple, which then becomes one man. Dan sees her, warns her about Fred's possible reaction, but later accidentally blurts it out to Fred, who returns home upset, accuses Jackie of adultery and refuses to speak to her. With Bev's help, Roseanne has Fred realize that his accusations against Jackie are unjustified, and he returns to her. But at this point Jackie has realized that she's happier being single. The marriage is short-lived because Jackie finds Fred boring, petty, and self-centered and they fall out of love. Jackie is crushed by the divorce at first, but moves on to become a successful single mom to Andy.

text: In Season 6, whilst Jackie is in labor, her mother Bev reveals to Jackie that her birth name is actually Marjorie and that the family began calling her Jackie because Roseanne couldn't pronounce Marjorie and instead called her "my Jackie."[21] However, in Season 10, Jackie introduces herself to Andrea, the woman looking to hire Becky as her surrogate, as Jacqueline. Despite Jackie's apparent flightiness in the early episodes, Jackie is actually the backbone of the Conner/Harris family in many ways, as Roseanne admits in the last episode of Season 9. It is also revealed in that same episode that the character of Jackie had come out as a lesbian during the final season, and that Roseanne knew but had simply always pictured Jackie with a man.[22] However, as most of Season 9 (and the final episode in particular) has been since ret-conned out of existence, this revelation may no longer be applicable.

text: D.J. Conner[edit]

text: David Jacob "D.J." Conner is played by Michael Fishman (Sal Barone in the pilot episode).[23] Born in 1981, David, better known by his initials D.J., was the youngest of Roseanne and Dan's children and their only son until the birth of Jerry Conner, in 1995. D.J. is more simple-minded, naive, and boisterous than his older sisters, who frequently taunt him. In the first episode of season three, it is stated that while Becky and Darlene were planned pregnancies, D.J. was a "surprise". As he grows up, D.J.'s storylines deal with more mature topics such as masturbation and human sexuality. Later episodes depict D.J. as having a close, brother-like friendship with Becky's husband Mark. He is also shown to develop an interest in filmmaking: he repeatedly asks Darlene if he can videotape her giving birth. He was one of the only characters that wasn't changed in the final episode of Season 9, which has since been ret-conned out of existence.

text: In Season 10, D.J. is shown to have recently retired from the military and returned home after serving in Syria for an unspecified amount of time. He is also shown to be married to a woman named Geena Williams, who is still serving in the military abroad, and that the two have a daughter, Mary.

text: Darlene Conner[edit]

text: It has been suggested that this section be split out into another article titled Darlene Conner. (Discuss) (August 2017)

text: Darlene Conner (later Healy) is played by Sara Gilbert.[16] She is Dan and Roseanne's second child and younger daughter, born in 1977. She is normally artistic, sarcastic, tomboyish, intelligent, and slightly rough. In the early seasons, she's a tomboy who loves sports and has trouble in school. However, during high school, she becomes moody, artistic, and an animal rights activist and vegetarian to more closely match Gilbert's real-life views and personality. During her freshman year of high school, she begins dating David Healy (Johnny Galecki), coincidentally the younger brother of Becky's husband Mark. Darlene is sarcastic and domineering like her mother, often causing the couple to clash. Her bossy nature is best seen with David, who usually gives in to her. Darlene is a talented writer, and David is a budding graphic artist, so they begin collaborating on a graphic novel.

text: Darlene is awarded early admission and a scholarship to an exclusive art school in Chicago, which Roseanne eventually allows her to attend, giving Darlene a chance to become the writer Roseanne wanted to be. At college, Darlene meets Jimmy, whom she dates without breaking up with David. David is aware she is dating Jimmy and eventually tells her she has to choose between them. She chooses Jimmy, who later dumps her because he can't get close to her. Darlene realizes she still loves David after a movie date, and Roseanne talks the two of them into reconciling. Darlene becomes pregnant by David at Disney World, and they marry. She finishes art school and gives birth to a daughter, Harris Conner Healy. Harris is born three months prematurely and almost doesn't survive; David and Darlene must decide whether to keep her on life support or take her off and let nature take its course; the two decide she should get a chance to "experience life without being hooked up to all those machines", and surprisingly Harris pulls through. In the final episode of Season 9, it is revealed that Darlene had actually been dating Mark all along in reality but was written in Roseanne's book as having been with David instead, as Roseanne felt it made more sense. However, by the start of Season 10, which takes place twenty years later, this revelation has been retconned out of existence.

text: In Season 10, Darlene is revealed to be a single mother of two children, daughter Harris and son Mark, and she has recently lost her job in publishing, forcing her to move from Chicago back to Lanford to live with Roseanne and Dan in her childhood home.

text: Sara Gilbert was almost rejected from the role for not being cute enough.[24]

text: Becky Conner[edit]

text: Played by Lecy Goranson and Sarah Chalke.

text: Rebecca "Becky" Conner (later Healy) is born in 1975, Rebecca, or Becky as she's known to her family and friends, is the eldest of Roseanne and Dan's children. Becky is introduced to the series as a pre-teen, whose primary interests are centered around makeup, fashion, and boys, and while she can be self-centered and act spoiled at times, she actually is the least problematic of the Conner children, maintaining very good grades and rarely causing issues for her parents beyond an occasional argument. However, as Becky grows older, she begins to break from her good girl mold, drinking Roseanne and Dan's alcohol with a friend while they're home alone, cutting her hair, and dating guys that Roseanne and Dan strongly disapprove of, her future husband Mark Healy being one of them. Becky's ultimate act of rebellion comes when she drops out of high school and elopes to Minneapolis.

text: In the year before she eloped, Becky's life was stressful. In addition to working as a cashier to help support her family and going to school, she was the sole person responsible for maintaining the household and looking after her younger siblings. Her breaking point came when she learnt her parents had used her college fund to pay household bills after the family's bike shop failed and that her long-time boyfriend Mark was leaving Lanford to work in Minneapolis. Feeling she had no prospects in Lanford, she eloped with Mark. Unfortunately, the marriage didn't bring her any financial security or stability. The two were ultimately forced to return to Lanford, where Mark began working for the city alongside Dan and Becky began serving at a restaurant called Bunz. The two lived in the Conner house for some time before moving into their own place, a mobile home. In the final episode of Season 9, it was revealed Becky was pregnant. In season 10, she reveals that she miscarried.

text: Twenty one years later, in Season 10, Becky is shown to still be living in Lanford and working as a server at a chain Mexican Restaurant. Her husband Mark has died. Having been widowed and left in dire financial straits, she turns to egg donation and surrogacy in an effort to make ends meet, having been offered $50,000 from an affluent couple. Her parents are disapproving of Becky's decision, with Roseanne explaining to Becky that while she might not feel a connection to her biological child, Roseanne and the rest of the family would. Becky feels she isn't in a position to turn down the offer. Becky later finds out she has a very small chance of becoming pregnant. The couple that offered her the surrogacy decides they need to move on to someone else.

text: Lecy Goranson played the role of Becky from the show's inception through Season 5. Goranson decided to leave the show in order to earn her college degree (she attended Vassar College). Becky's absence is written as having her elope with Mark and moving out of state. However, producers wished to return the character to the show and since Goranson wasn't available, they recast the role with Canadian actress Sarah Chalke. Chalke appeared as Becky starting in the middle of Season 6 and all of Season 7. Goranson returned for Season 8 as Becky, while still attending college, and Chalke was let go. However, Goranson's school schedule sometimes conflicted with her filming schedule and thus she was unavailable at times. The writers did not write in the Becky character when Goranson was not available for filming, but the show needed the Becky character in some episodes. Chalke was asked again to play the role when Goranson was not available during Season 8. Not wanting to put the show through more scheduling conflicts, Goranson did not sign on for Season 9 and concentrated on her studies. The role was turned over to Chalke for Season 9. With the series re-boot, Goranson plays the role of Becky. In Season 10, Goranson as Becky, and Chalke as a character named Andrea, comment on how much they resemble one another - as the two actors once had played the same role.

text: Mark Healy[edit]

text: Mark Healy is played by Glenn Quinn. Mark dates and later elopes with Becky, much to the Conners' consternation. Despite Mark's tough-guy image and rebel persona, he is rarely seen to engage in criminal activity. Roseanne initially had a strong dislike for Mark because of his condescending attitude toward her. Dan initially dislikes Mark as well; Mark's choice to ride a British Triumph motorcycle rather than an American Harley-Davidson causes particular tension. However, Dan soon respects Mark's work ethic and hires him as a mechanic, both at his bike shop and his truck-inspection office. Mark's personality changes drastically over the course of the series — he starts off as a rebellious delinquent but ultimately proves himself to be a caring and responsible (although dull-witted) husband and brother. Roseanne and the rest of the family eventually grow to love Mark, though they still get amusement out of insulting him. Mark has a younger brother, David, who dates (and later marries) Darlene. He also has two much younger sisters, Lisa and Nikki, who appear briefly in the Season 5 episode "No Place Like Home for The Holidays".

text: In the Season 9 finale, Roseanne reveals that Mark had actually been dating Darlene in "real life", and Roseanne simply wrote that Mark and Becky were a couple because Roseanne felt that made more sense. In Season 10, this is retconned as a dream and a story by Roseanne. However, it is mentioned that Mark has passed away, leaving Becky a widow in severe financial ruin. No further information is given as to how long ago he died or what he died of, except that Darlene and David’s 10-year-old son is named after him.

text: David Healy[edit]

text: David Maurice Healy is played by Johnny Galecki. David Maurice Healy is Mark's younger brother. He first appeared in "The Bowling Show" (episode 4.14) when his first name was indicated to be Kevin. In a season 6 episode Roseanne comments that David isn't his real name, it's just something that Darlene made up. So it's possible that Kevin really is his name, although everyone including his own family call him David, and Roseanne might not have been serious. Whereas Mark acted like a rebellious delinquent at first, David is friendlier to the Conners. He's shy, polite, thoughtful, sensitive, soft-spoken, artistic, and intelligent. He has a relationship with Darlene and collaborates with her by illustrating graphic novels that she writes, being the submissive one in the relationship. His manner is endearing to the Conners, who think of him as part of the family and jokingly refer to him as being more welcome than Darlene. He moves in with the Conners after Roseanne, herself a victim of child abuse, sees how abusive David's mother is to him. David and Darlene break up three times throughout the course of the show, each for a longer period of time than the last; they always end up back together. Eventually, David impregnates Darlene and they decide to marry. In the series finale, Roseanne reveals that David had actually been dating Becky in "real life," and that Roseanne simply wrote his relationship as being with Darlene because she felt it made more sense. That series finale is retconned for season 10, where it is revealed that David and Darlene have separated and David has been away traveling and doing volunteer work, leaving Darlene to care alone for their two children, Harris and Mark. He later visits Darlene, telling her he is moving back into town to settle down with another woman and asks her for a divorce. After they end up sleeping together, they both consider getting back together until Roseanne informs Darlene that it wouldn't be good for their kids, who resent David for not being there for them. They both agree to move forward with the divorce and on Dan's urging, David agrees to get his act together and proceed with the move before he can see the kids again.

text: When David was first introduced to the series, it was said his name was Kevin, not David, but while applying for college, he uses the name David Maurice Healy. Writers might have tried to explain this discrepancy with a comment Roseanne makes in Season 6, saying "David's not even his real name. Darlene made it up!" However, in real life, Barr reportedly wanted to name the character David from the beginning but the idea was shot down as Galecki was starring on another show, Billy as a character named David.[25]

text: Harris Conner-Healy[edit]

text: Harris Conner-Healy is portrayed by Emma Kenney. The elder of Darlene's two children, Harris is a teenager who possesses her mother and grandmother's sarcasm and bears a strong physical resemblance to Darlene. Having grown up in Chicago, Harris is less than thrilled about moving to Lanford and is resentful towards her mother and hostile towards her family members. As Harris continuously shows herself to be indifferent to the needs of others in the home, Roseanne does what Darlene hasn't done; she confronts Harris about her rude and discourteous behavior. Though Darlene is initially upset by the confrontation between her daughter and her mother, she accepts Roseanne's actions as justified when she discovers that Harris, left to make her own decisions, has been selling stolen goods on Etsy in an effort to raise money to move back to Chicago. While Darlene is sympathetic to Harris's unhappiness, she exerts more control over her daughter's life, grounding her and demanding passwords to all of her social media accounts.

text: Mark Conner-Healy[edit]

text: Mark Conner-Healy is portrayed by Ames McNamara. The younger of Darlene's two children, Mark is a 10-year-old boy with a strong interest in fashion. His interest in things traditionally feminine, such as wearing makeup and skirts, is somewhat worrisome to his grandparents, with Roseanne worried that Mark will be bullied by his narrow-minded peers and Dan feeling that he needs to persuade the youngster to take on more masculine traits. Noticing a classmate make a snide comment to Mark on his first day at school in Lanford, Roseanne threatens his classmates by telling them she's a witch, while Dan gives Mark a pocket knife, which ultimately results in him being called to the principal's office and sent home from school for the day, much to Darlene's chagrin. Despite Roseanne and Dan's concerns, they express support and love for him. Mark is named for his deceased uncle, Mark Healy.

text: Other major characters[edit]

text: Nancy Bartlett[edit]

text: Nancy Lynn Bartlett is played by Sandra Bernhard, Nancy is a part owner of the Lanford Lunch Box. She is married to Arnie but later comes out as a lesbian after he leaves her, then admits to being bisexual. She frequently is seen dating women; her first girlfriend Marla is played by Morgan Fairchild. Nancy is never ashamed of her promiscuity, nor does she ever show any self-consciousness of her unusual behavior. In fact, she is one of the most self-confident characters in the series, often even more than Roseanne. Her tendency toward self-absorption seems to only be quelled while dating a woman or being around Jackie. Nancy turns out to be a loyal and good friend to both Roseanne and Jackie throughout the series, although she doesn't hesitate to reprimand them for their selfishness and cruelty when they treat their mother, Bev, so harshly that Bev ends up crying about it for days afterward, while Nancy supports her.

text: Leon Carp[edit]

text: Leon Carp is played by Martin Mull. Leon, originally as Roseanne's boss at Rodbell's Luncheonette and later as her business partner in The Lanford Lunchbox, is portrayed as a foil to Roseanne; although they have a contentious relationship at times, it is apparent that Leon is still a good friend of Roseanne's, eventually becoming an extended family member of sorts. As a gay man, he is occasionally seen dating many men and having romantic troubles; however, he later marries his life partner Scott (Fred Willard) in a very public ceremony. In the series finale, they visit the Conner residence bearing gifts for Darlene and David's new baby, Harris, proclaiming themselves as the infant's Aunt Scott and Aunt Leon. Near the end of the episode, they announce their plans to adopt a little girl. Leon's role in the series expands significantly in the eighth and ninth seasons, as he is featured in more episodes. He is especially upset when Roseanne wins the lottery, but Roseanne and Jackie end up relinquishing control of the restaurant to Leon and Nancy. Leon is a Republican, and holds George Bush in high regard. He also is shown throughout the series' run to be a fan of Liza Minnelli, as well as Broadway musicals.

text: Crystal Anderson[edit]

text: Crystal Anderson is played by Natalie West. Crystal is a close friend of Roseanne, having gone to high school with her and Jackie and later working together with them at Wellman Plastics. A mild-mannered and good-hearted woman, Crystal's kindness is often taken advantage of, even by Roseanne at times. Though Crystal is not oblivious to others using her, with few exceptions, she never asserts herself, fearing she might lose others' favor or be perceived as unladylike.

text: Crystal's most poignant hallmark is her troubles in dating. At the beginning of the series, she has been married three times. Her marriages to two of her husbands, Rusty and Travis, were fairly short and ended in divorce, while another marriage to a third husband Sonny, with whom Crystal had one son, Lonnie, was also cut short when Sonny was killed in a construction accident. Afterwards, Crystal endures years of bad relationships before gradually kindling a romance with Dan's father, Ed, much to Dan and Roseanne's surprise in Season 3. The two eventually get married, which proves to be a stepping stone in Dan's efforts to repair the long-strained relationship with his father, and Roseanne welcomes her best friend into the family by planning her wedding, during the planning of which Crystal reveals she is pregnant. She later gives birth to another son, Ed Jr, or commonly known as little Ed. The following year, Crystal gives birth to a daughter, Angela, much to her delight having always wanted a daughter.

text: Little is known about Crystal's background, other than her mother forced her to leave home at 16 and that she married at 18, shortly after graduating from high school. Curiously, Crystal speaks with a Southern accent despite being a Lanford native. Her explanation is that her father was from Arkansas.

text: Ed Conner[edit]

text: Ed Conner is played by Ned Beatty. Ed is Dan's father, a charming traveling salesman who always brings presents for the grandchildren. Dan has a troubled history with his father, but he is well liked by everyone else. Despite a stained relationship with his son, Ed is well-meaning and likable. Ed never purposely attempts to anger Dan, but he often baits his son covertly (e.g., when Dan questions Ed dating Crystal, Ed makes a rude crack about Dan being "interested" in Crystal). It usually takes little time for Dan to become annoyed by his father's presence. Ed is portrayed as being irresponsible and neglectful of his first family, though it is later revealed that his wife's (Dan's mother) mental illness contributed to their strained marriage and resulted in her frequent commitment to mental institution. All this was unknown to Dan until Crystal revealed it to Roseanne. Ed hoped to provide Dan with at least one stable parent as he would often be gone on sales trips during Dan's adolescence. He wants to learn from his past actions and be a better father and husband. He loves his son despite their troubled relationship, and also loves the rest of his family. He marries Crystal and has two children with her (Ed Jr. and Angela), who are considerably younger than their half-brother, Dan.

text: Jerry Conner[edit]

text: Jerry Garcia Conner is played by Cole Roberts and Morgan Roberts. Jerry is the youngest of Roseanne and Dan's children, born in 1995 when the two are in their forties. Jerry's conception presented a real struggle for Roseanne and Dan, who previously had never experienced issues with their fertility. He was named for musician Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead, who passed away of a heart attack while Roseanne was pregnant and of whom she and Dan were fans. Because he was so young, Jerry didn't play a large role in the series' initial run. Jerry did not appear in the premiere episode of Season 10, his absence explained by Roseanne as him being on a fishing boat in Alaska.

text: The decision to add a pregnancy storyline to the series coincided with Roseanne Barr's real-life pregnancy with her son, Buck Thomas. Barr, like her character, struggled with fertility, though Barr ultimately resorted to fertility drugs to conceive while her character was able to become pregnant naturally. Initially, it was planned that the new addition to the cast would be a daughter, but when Barr gave birth to a boy, she decided the Conners should have a son instead, wanting her on-screen child's sex to match her newborn child's. Once it was decided the child would be a boy, Barr named the character after Jerry Garcia and intended to have Roseanne give birth at a concert held by the Grateful Dead. However, plans for a concert birth were scrapped when Garcia passed away unexpectedly.

text: Fred[edit]

text: Fred is played by Michael O'Keefe. Fred is a mechanic who works at the garage with Dan and is introduced to Jackie, leading to a one-night stand, accidental impregnation, and subsequent marriage. After much encouragement Jackie eventually warms up and faces the fact that Fred is the father of her child and therefore a part of their lives. At first Fred assumes that Jackie is just putting him off lightly because he fails to understand that she had a previous abusive relationship in addition to her dysfunctional childhood. Being very conventional, Fred is shocked by the Conners' and Harris' unconventional ways and cannot understand the inner workings of Jackie's family. This leads to the dissolution of Jackie and Fred's marriage. Despite their attempts to make the marriage work, Jackie and Fred break up when they realize they have little in common.

text: Andy Harris[edit]

text: Andy Harris is Jackie and Fred's son, born in 1994 on the episode "Labor Day". Jackie breastfeeds Andy at the altar while marrying Fred ("Altar Egos"). Andy was the ringbearer in Darlene and David's wedding ("The Wedding"). Jackie likes to dress him up in outfits Fred deems to be feminine. DJ makes it a point to spend time with Andy because DJ didn't have any male siblings at the time, not until his brother Jerry came along a year later. Andy and Jerry are cousins and take naps together in the same crib.

text: Bev Harris[edit]

text: Beverly Lorraine "Bev" Harris is played by Estelle Parsons. Beverly is the mother of Roseanne and Jackie, the wife of Al, and the daughter of Nana Mary. She has a half-sister named Sonya. Overbearing and shrill, she's avoided by all of her family members. She nags them with her shockingly whiny voice, often with good intentions but presenting them in the wrong way. The family (especially Jackie) tries to avoid spending any time with Bev, as she is quick to inadvertently criticize how people live their lives. After going back and forth playing tricks on each other in one Halloween episode, Roseanne ultimately gets the upper hand by having a fake phone conversation with Bev in front of Dan where she agrees to let her mother stay for three weeks. She is very traditional and conservative, as opposed to her daughters' more liberal and feminist philosophies. She proves herself generous with the wealth she receives from her husband's alimony, constantly giving financial gifts to the family to bail them out. She even provides the seed money for the Lanford Lunch Box and insists on staying on as a partner, but is later forced out because Roseanne and Jackie do not want to work with her. As revenge, she sells her share of the restaurant to Roseanne's ex-boss and rival, Leon Carp, effectively making him their new partner. During the show's final season, she comes out as a lesbian (according to one of Roseanne's fictional twists on her family, along with winning the lottery), this is revealed in the finale in which Roseanne states that her mother is not a lesbian but that her sister is; she just thought it'd be interesting to put a radical twist on the character of her mother, who lived her life according to her husband's rules, and because she wished her mother had a better sense of herself as a woman. Bev's relationship with her own mother is very similar to the one her daughters have with her.

text: From what is known of Bev's childhood and marriage, life was hard on her emotionally, plagued with instability and neglect. Her mother, Mary, put her freedom ahead of her children and, as a result of her mother's promiscuity, Bev never knew who her father was. As a young woman, Bev, like her mother, found herself pregnant out of wedlock but, unlike her mother, married the man she was pregnant by, Al Harris. While Bev's marriage to Al lasted several decades, their union wasn't a success as Al was physically abusive towards their children and cheated on her for much of their marriage. Largely disappointed the outcome of her life, Bev grew to be a bitter person in her old age, which she dealt with by hiding her emotions and being highly critical of others.

text: Nana Mary[edit]

text: Nana Mary is played by Shelley Winters. Nana Mary is Beverly's mother and Roseanne and Jackie's grandmother, and first appears at a family barbecue in season three. She has another daughter named Sonya. She makes several appearances from season three onward, mostly during family occasions. She is a brash but caring, free-spirited, outspoken, lovable retiree who gambles with her grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Unlike Bev, she is popular with the family. She also disagrees with Bev on certain situations, such as siding with Jackie when Bev tries to get her to marry Fred, and revealing that she had two abortions, upsetting Bev who is against the idea. She outsmarts Bev and drives her crazy, much to the amusement of Roseanne and Jackie, who usually endure the same torment from Bev. Her character is often a comic relief for the family, as well as offering a balance between Roseanne and Jackie's relationship with their mother, and Bev's relationship with Nana Mary. She was promiscuous in her younger days and claims to have dated Pablo Picasso and Louis Armstrong. Mary had Bev with another man before marrying her deceased husband Marvin. She tells Bev she was very young when she was born, and doesn't know who the father is, avoiding the subject whenever Bev brings it up. She is a big fan of a local radio call-in show that revolves around sex: "If I don't call, they worry," she claims. Nana Mary's last appearance is midway through season nine, in which she finally has a heart-to-heart with Bev, thus closing the story on their relationship. Despite her absence, Mary appears at other family occasions, including the birth of her great-great-granddaughter.

text: Arnie Thomas[edit]

text: Arnold Shep "Arnie" Thomas is played by Tom Arnold. Arnie is the overweight, hot-tempered but jovial friend of Dan. Originally, he was written as a relative stranger to both Roseanne and Jackie, although this was later retconned, and he was subsequently written as having gone to high school with them. He frequently cheats on the women he dates and is very ill-mannered. However, Arnie always tries to be a good friend to Dan. He marries Nancy but leaves her, claiming to be abducted by aliens (later played upon in the fourth-season finale's end-credit sketch, where he is seen conversing with aliens on a spaceship). Before he and Nancy are engaged, he has a one-night stand with a drunk Jackie. Arnie is often seen wearing a yellow University of Iowa sweatshirt (Tom Arnold attended the University of Iowa in real life). He is last seen in season 5, where he unsuccessfully tries to win Nancy back, even after finding out that she is a lesbian. Tom Arnold appears in the ending credits of a later episode, but is now playing Jackie Thomas (in his role on The Jackie Thomas Show), and none of the characters seem to recognize him.

text: Minor/recurring characters[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Charlayne Woodard
Vonda Green
Recurring
Guest

Anne Faulkner
Sylvia Foster
Recurring
Guest

Evelina Fernandez
Juanita Herrara
Recurring
Guest

Judy Prescott
Miss Crane
Guest

Guest

Jared Rushton
Chip Lang
Recurring

Ned Beatty
Ed Connor
Guest

Guest

William Sadler
Dwight
Guest

John Randolph
Al Harris
Guest

Tom Arnold
Arnie Thomas

Recurring
Guest

Stephen Dorff
Jimmy Meltrigger

Recurring

Ann Wedgeworth
Audrey Conner

Guest

Debbie Reynolds

Guest

Debra Mooney
Meg Wellman

Recurring

Elizabeth Franz
Marsha

Recurring

Lori Tan Chinn
Iris

Recurring

Melora Walters
Debbie

Recurring

Brian Kerwin
Gary Hall

Guest

Jay O. Sanders
Ziggy

Guest

Adilah Barnes
Anne-Marie Mitchell

Recurring

Guest

James Pickens, Jr.
Chuckie Mitchell

Guest
Recurring
Guest

Bonnie Bramlett
Bonnie Watkins

Recurring

Kristopher Kent Hill
Lonnie Anderson

Guest

Guest

Danton Stone
Jerry Bowman

Guest

Meagen Fay
Kathy Bowman

Guest

Troy Davidson
Todd Bowman

Guest

Shelley Winters
Nana Mary

Guest

Dan Butler
Art

Recurring

Matt Roth
Fisher

Recurring

Morgan Fairchild
Marla

Recurring

Wings Hauser
Ty Tilden

Recurring

Joan Collins
Ronnie

Guest

Joseph Gordon-Levitt
George

Guest

Unknown Baby
Andy Harris

Guest
Recurring

John McConnell
Alexander

Recurring
Guest

Danny Masterson
Jimmy Phillips

Guest

Traci Lords
Stacey Flagler

Recurring

Buck Thomas
Jerry Connor

Recurring
Guest

Matthew Fishman
Stinky

Guest

Stan Freberg
Mr. Parkin

Recurring

Heather Matarazzo
Heather

Recurring

text: Other family members[edit]

text:
Audrey Conner (Ann Wedgeworth and Debbie Reynolds) – She is the mother of Dan Conner, and the ex-wife of Ed Conner. In Season Two she is introduced in, "We Gather Together", as a friendly, eccentric brunette woman who loves her son and her new boyfriend, as well as her successful career owning a travel agency. It's later revealed that she has a history of mental illness which Dan's father hid from him. She returns in person in season 9, angry at her son for putting her away, seemingly trying to kill him. Her nurse at the mental institution is who Dan had a relationship with while being married to Roseanne (although this is revealed to be false and part of a story Roseanne is writing as a way to deal with Dan's actual death due to a heart attack in the previous season).
Al Harris (John Randolph) – Al is initially portrayed as Roseanne and Jackie's henpecked yet humorous father with a knack of making knock-knock jokes much to his wife's chagrin. Al initially has a good relationship with his daughters, especially Jackie, and despite having more in common with her mother Roseanne prefers the presence of her father, finding him more bearable. Randolph made two appearances as Al Harris during the shows first two seasons. In season four, however, the portrayal of the character changes dramatically. After not being able to secure Randolph for future shows, his character was written out of the series. It is revealed at Thanksgiving dinner in 1991 that Al has had a mistress for over 20 years which eventually leads to Bev divorcing him. Additionally around this time Roseanne Barr was publicly in a battle with her real-life parents, claiming that she was abused physically and sexually by both of them. Barr insisted that the abuse be incorporated into the series storyline and thus it is revealed that her father was physically abusive to both her and Jackie, who lived in fear of him for most of their childhood. Upon his death, Roseanne meets with his mistress, Joan, who doesn't know of Al's abuse of his family, as Al had led her to believe that Roseanne and Jackie were ungrateful to him despite his doing so much for them. Despite this, in his passing, Roseanne thanks him for his humorous nature after reading a list of many things she hates him for doing to her and Jackie.

text: Wellman Plastics[edit]

text: All characters below appear in the first season and part of the second season before being written out altogether. Clooney would make one more appearance in a season four episode.

text:
Booker Brooks (George Clooney) – The original foreman at Wellman. Booker wasn't always taken seriously by the workers, but compared to their future boss, Roseanne and the others appreciate him more. He dated Jackie for a while, and they tried to keep it a secret.[26] He set the quotas at Wellman at 5,500, much lower than the 8,000 set by their next boss Keith Faber (Fred Thompson).[27]
Vonda Green (Charlayne Woodard, credited as Charlaine Woodard)- Spirited and perky friend of Jackie and Roseanne, also has a great singing voice.
Sylvia Foster (Anne Faulkner)- Older Wellman employee working there since the late 1950s, she occasionally hangs out with Jackie, Roseanne, and the rest of the gang at the Lobo. Has a husband named Joe who is hard of hearing.
Juanita Herrara (Evelina Fernandez)- Hispanic co-worker who after leaving Wellman with the rest of the gang opens a successful small business in Lanford with her husband Emilio and their teenage son.
Meg Wellman (Debra Mooney) – Owner of the Wellman factory, who believes she and Roseanne are good friends. She comically refers to Roseanne as "Roxanne Conway" and Jackie as Janet. Accidentally hits Roseanne's car with her car in one episode.

text: Art's Beauty Shop[edit]

text: All characters below appear in the show's second season only, when Roseanne takes a job as a receptionist and shampoo girl at Art's Beauty Salon.

text:
Marsha (Elizabeth Franz) – Good friend of Crystal's who is the owner of Art's Beauty Salon named after her late husband who she was only married to for eleven months between 1959 and 1960. Marsha hysterically quotes Arthur throughout her run on the show despite the fact that he has been gone nearly thirty years leading Roseanne to quip that maybe Marsha would not miss him so much if they had been married longer.
Iris (Lori Tan Chinn) – Vietnamese beautician at the salon. Comically makes jokes throughout her run on the show about being a Vietnamese refugee held captive before emigrating to the United States. Often makes acerbic remarks about people being blown away by gun mortar attacks, which she reveals to Roseanne is her comic way of letting off steam. Chinn and Barr had appeared together in the 1989 movie She-Devil.
Debbie (Melora Walters) – Manicurist at the salon who is a young naive newlywed.

text: Rodbell's Department Store[edit]

text: Bonnie Watkins (Bonnie Bramlett, credited as Bonnie Sheridan) – Roseanne's coworker at Rodbell's, during season three and four. She has a daughter who lives in Oregon and enjoys traveling by motorcycle with her husband Duke (David Crosby). Suffered from a drinking problem with her husband Duke early on in her life that she has since brought under control.

text: Neighbors[edit]

text:
The Bowman Family are the Conner's neighbors between season three and four who relocated from Chicago to Lanford. At the end of season four they move back to Chicago.

Jerry Bowman (Danton Stone) – Kathy's laid-back husband who loves the small town atmosphere of Lanford. Moved to Lanford from Chicago to take a managers job at Wellman.
Kathy Bowman (Meagen Fay) – Roseanne's wealthy and tense neighbor who hates Lanford and its blue-collar atmosphere. Has an acrimonious relationship with Roseanne.
Todd Bowman (Troy Davidson) – Kathy and Jerry's son; friend of DJ.

The Tilden Family move into the Bowman's old house in season five.

Ty Tilden (Wings Hauser) – A neighbor of Roseanne's, who moved into Kathy's old house. He is a kind, laid-back, struggling single father of two daughters and owns a Winnebago.
Charlotte Tilden (Mara Hobel) – Ty Tilden's older daughter who acts responsibly, filling in the mother role for her sister Molly. Because of this, she finds that she has more in common with Roseanne than with Darlene or Molly.
Molly Tilden (Danielle Harris) – Ty Tilden's promiscuous daughter, who flirted with Darlene's boyfriend David.

text: Other characters[edit]

text:
Lonnie Anderson (Josh C. Williams, Luke Edwards, Kristopher Kent Hill) – Crystal's eldest child, born to and her first husband, Sonny.
Art (Dan Butler) – A divorced accountant whom Roseanne and Jackie sell a motorcycle to, and who provides tax services to Lanford Custom Cycle.
Alexander (John McConnell) – A close friend of Dan's.
Dwight (William Sadler) – A buddy of Dan's, who had a crush on Jackie.
Fisher (Matt Roth) – Jackie's former long-time boyfriend, whom Dan ultimately went to jail for assaulting after learning he'd abused Jackie.
Stacey Flagler (Traci Lords) – A waitress at the Lunchbox.
George (Joseph Gordon-Levitt) – DJ's classmate.
Gary Hall (Brian Kerwin) – Jackie's former fiancé.
Heather (Heather Matarazzo) – D.J.'s girlfriend.
Jimmy Meltrigger (Stephen Dorff[28]) – Becky's former boyfriend from high school.
Chip Lang (Jared Rushton) – Becky's former boyfriend from high school.
Marla (Morgan Fairchild) – Nancy's girlfriend.
Anne-Marie Mitchell (Adilah Barnes) – Roseanne's childhood friend, whose married to one Dan's poker buddies, Chuckie. She and Chuck have son, Chuck Jr., who is the same age as Lonnie and Darlene.
Chuckie Mitchell (James Pickens, Jr.) – Anne-Marie's husband, who occasionally worked with Dan. Pickens is set to reprise the role in two episodes of the 10th season revival.[29]
Mr. Parkin (Stan Freberg) – A highly qualified man who is frequently unemployed due to various incidents with the Conners.
Scott (Fred Willard) – A probate attorney who marries Leon.
Stinky (Matthew Fishman) – Roseanne's youngest child in an alternate reality, in the place of Jerry.
Ziggy (Jay O. Sanders) – Old friend of the Conners' who helps Dan open Lanford Custom Cycle, then disappears.
Jimmy Phillips (Danny Masterson) – Darlene's boyfriend, whom she breaks up with David for. In episode 16 in season 7, Darlene confesses to Jackie that he broke up with her.
Ronnie (Joan Collins) – Roseanne's rich cousin who persuades Darlene to get her GED and apply to art school.