document_title: Orbit (anatomy)

question_text: what is the name of the bone that makes up most of the posterior surface of orbit

text: Orbit (anatomy)

text: Structure[edit]

text: The orbits are conical or four-sided pyramidal cavities, which open into the midline of the face and point back into the head. Each consists of a base, an apex and four walls.[4]

text: Openings[edit]

text: There are two important foramina, or windows, two important fissures, or grooves, and one canal surrounding the globe in the orbit. There is a supraorbital foramen, an infraorbital foramen, a superior orbital fissure, an inferior orbital fissure and the optic canal, each of which contains structures that are crucial to normal eye functioning. The supraorbital foramen contains the supraorbital nerve, the first division of the trigeminal nerve or V1 and lies just lateral to the frontal sinus. The infraorbital foramen contains the second division of the trigeminal nerve, the infraorbital nerve or V2, and sits on the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus. Both foramina are crucial as potential pathways for cancer and infections of the orbit to spread into the brain or other deep facial structures.

text: The optic canal contains the optic nerve (cranial nerve II) and the ophthalmic artery, and sits at the junction of the sphenoid sinus with the ethmoid air cells, superomedial and posterior to structures at the orbital apex. It provides a pathway between the orbital contents and the middle cranial fossa. The superior orbital fissure lies just lateral and inferior to the optic canal, and is formed at the junction of the lesser and greater wing of the sphenoid bone. It is a major pathway for intracranial communication, containing cranial nerves III, IV, VI which control eye movement via the extraocular muscles, and the ophthalmic branches of cranial nerve V, or V1. The second division of the trigeminal nerve enters the skull base at the foramen rotundum, or V2. The inferior orbital fissure lies inferior and lateral to the ocular globe at the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus. It is not as important in function, though it does contain a few branches of the maxillary nerve and the infraorbital artery and vein.[5] Other minor structures in the orbit include the anterior and posterior ethmoidal foramen and zygomatic orbital foramen.

text: Bony walls[edit]

text: The bony walls of the orbital canal in humans do not derive from a single bone, but a mosaic of seven embryologically distinct structures: the zygomatic bone laterally, the sphenoid bone, with its lesser wing forming the optic canal and its greater wing forming the lateral posterior portion of the bony orbital process, the maxillary bone inferiorly and medially which, along with the lacrimal and ethmoid bones, forms the medial wall of the orbital canal. The ethmoid air cells are extremely thin, and form a structure known as the lamina papyracea, the most delicate bony structure in the skull, and one of the most commonly fractured bones in orbital trauma. The lacrimal bone also contains the nasolacrimal duct. The superior bony margin of the orbital rim, otherwise known as the orbital process, is formed by the frontal bone.[6]

text: The roof (superior wall) is formed primarily by the orbital plate frontal bone, and also the lesser wing of sphenoid near the apex of the orbit. The orbital surface presents medially by trochlear fovea and laterally by lacrimal fossa.[7]

text: The floor (inferior wall) is formed by the orbital surface of maxilla, the orbital surface of zygomatic bone and the minute orbital process of palatine bone. Medially, near the orbital margin, is located the groove for nasolacrimal duct. Near the middle of the floor, located infraorbital groove, which leads to the infraorbital foramen. The floor is separated from the lateral wall by inferior orbital fissure, which connects the orbit to pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossa.

text: The medial wall is formed primarily by the orbital plate of ethmoid, as well as contributions from the frontal process of maxilla, the lacrimal bone, and a small part of the body of the sphenoid. It is the thinnest wall of the orbit, evidenced by pneumatized ethmoidal cells.[7]

text: The lateral wall is formed by the frontal process of zygomatic and more posteriorly by the orbital plate of the greater wing of sphenoid. The bones meet at the zygomaticosphenoid suture. The lateral wall is the thickest wall of the orbit, important because it is the most exposed surface, highly vulnerable to blunt force trauma.

text: Borders[edit]

text: The base, which opens in the face, has four borders. The following bones take part in their formation:

text:
Superior margin: frontal bone and sphenoid
Inferior margin: maxillary bone, palatine and zygomatic
Medial margin: ethmoid, lacrimal bone, sphenoid (body of) and maxilla
Lateral margin: zygomatic and sphenoid (greater wing)

tag: ol

text: Function[edit]

text: The orbit holds and protects the eye.

text: Eye movement[edit]

text: The movement of the eye is controlled by six distinct extraocular muscles, a superior, an inferior, a medial and a lateral rectus, as well as a superior and an inferior oblique. The superior ophthalmic vein is a sigmoidal vessel along the superior margin of the orbital canal that drains deoxygenated blood from surrounding musculature. The ophthalmic artery is a crucial structure in the orbit, as it is often the only source of collateral blood to the brain in cases of large internal carotid infarcts, as it is a collateral pathway to the circle of Willis. In addition, there is the optic canal, which contains the optic nerve, or cranial nerve II, and is formed entirely by the lesser wing of the sphenoid, separated from the supraorbital fissure by the optic strut. Injury to any one of these structures by infection, trauma or neoplasm can cause temporary or permanent visual dysfunction, and even blindness if not promptly corrected.[8] The orbits also protect the eye from mechanical injury.[4]

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: In the orbit, the surrounding fascia allows for smooth rotation and protects the orbital contents. If excessive tissue accumulates behind the ocular globe, the eye can protrude, or become exophthalmic.[9]

text: Enlargement of the lacrimal gland, located superotemporally within the orbit, produces protrusion of the eye inferiorly and medially (away from the location of the lacrimal gland). Lacrimal gland may be enlarged from inflammation (e.g. sarcoid) or neoplasm (e.g. lymphoma or adenoid cystic carcinoma).[10]

text: Tumors (e.g. glioma and meningioma of the optic nerve) within the cone formed by the horizontal rectus muscles produce axial protrusion (bulging forward) of the eye.

text: Graves disease may also cause axial protrusion of the eye, known as Graves' ophthalmopathy, due to buildup of extracellular matrix proteins and fibrosis in the rectus muscles. Development of Graves' ophthalmopathy may be independent of thyroid function.[11]

text: Additional images[edit]

text: This gallery of anatomic features needs cleanup to abide by the medical manual of style. Galleries containing indiscriminate images of the article subject are discouraged; please improve or remove the gallery accordingly.

text:
Orbita

Orbita

Medial wall of left orbit

Dissection showing origins of right ocular muscles, and nerves entering by the superior orbital fissure

Lateral orbit nerves

Orbital cavity

Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.

Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.

Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.

Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.

Extrinsic eye muscle. Nerves of orbita. Deep dissection.


document_title: Chinese architecture

question_text: chinese architecture has always been in harmony with

root

text: Chinese architecture

text: Features[edit]

text: Architectural bilateral symmetry[edit]

text: A very important feature in Chinese architecture is its emphasis on articulation and bilateral symmetry, which signifies balance. Bilateral symmetry and the articulation of buildings are found everywhere in Chinese architecture, from palace complexes to humble farmhouses. When possible, plans for renovation and extension of a house will often try to maintain this symmetry provided that there is enough capital to do so.[2] Secondary elements are positioned either side of main structures as two wings to maintain overall bilateral symmetry. The buildings are typically planned to contain an even number of columns in a structure to produce an odd number of bays (間). With the inclusion of a main door to a building in the center bay, symmetry is maintained.

tag: p

text: In contrast to the buildings,  the Chinese gardens tend to be asymmetrical. The principle underlying the garden's composition is to create enduring flow.[3] The design of the classic Chinese garden is based on the ideology of "Nature and Man in One", as opposed to the home itself, which is a symbol of the human sphere co-existing with, but separate from nature. So, the arrangement is as flexible as possible to let people feel they are surrounded by and in harmony with nature. The two essential elements of the garden are hill stones and water. The hill stones mean the pursuit of immortality and water represents emptiness and existence. The mountain belongs to yang (static beauty) and the water belongs to yin (dynamic wonder). They depend on each other and complete the whole nature. [4]

text: Enclosure[edit]

text: In much of traditional Chinese architecture, buildings or building complexes take up an entire property but enclose open spaces within themselves. These enclosed spaces come in two forms, the:[2]

text:
Courtyard (院): The use of open courtyards is a common feature in many types of Chinese architectures. This is best exemplified in the Siheyuan, which has consisted of an empty space surrounded by buildings connected with one another either directly or through verandas.
"Sky well" (天井): Although large open courtyards are less commonly found in southern Chinese architecture, the concept of an "open space" surrounded by buildings, which is seen in northern courtyard complexes, can be seen in the southern building structure known as the "sky well". This structure is essentially a relatively enclosed courtyard formed from the intersections of closely spaced buildings and offer small opening to the sky through the roof space from the floor up.

tag: ul

text: These enclosures serve in temperature regulation and in venting the building complexes. Northern courtyards are typically open and facing the south to allow the maximum exposure of the building windows and walls to the sun while keeping the cold northern winds out. Southern sky wells are relatively small and serves to collect rain water from the roof tops. They perform the same duties as the Roman impluvium while restricting the amount of sunlight that enters the building. Sky wells also serve as vents for rising hot air, which draws cool air from the lower stories of the house and allows for exchange of cool air with the outside.

text: Hierarchy[edit]

text: The projected hierarchy and importance and uses of buildings in traditional Chinese architecture are based on the strict placement of buildings in a property/complex. Buildings with doors facing the front of the property are considered more important than those facing the sides. Buildings facing away from the front of the property are the least important.

text: South-facing buildings in the rear and more private location of the property with higher exposure to sunlight are held in higher esteem and reserved for elder members of the family or ancestral plaques. Buildings facing east and west are generally for junior members or branches of the family, while buildings near the front are typically for servants and hired help.[5]

text: Front-facing buildings in the back of properties are used particularly for rooms of celebratory rites and for the placement of ancestral halls and plaques. In multiple courtyard complexes, central courtyards and their buildings are considered more important than peripheral ones, the latter typically being used as storage or servants’ rooms or kitchens.[2]

text: Horizontal emphasis[edit]

text: Classical Chinese buildings, especially those of the wealthy, are built with an emphasis on breadth and less on height, featuring an enclosed heavy platform and a large roof that floats over this base, with the vertical walls not well emphasized. Buildings that were to high and large were considered unsightly, and therefore generally avoided.[6]Chinese architecture stresses the visual impact of the width of the buildings, using sheer scale to inspire awe in visitors.[7] This preference contrasts Western architecture, which tends to grow in height and depth. This often meant that pagodas towered above all other buildings in the skyline of a Chinese city.[8]

text: The halls and palaces in the Forbidden City (which were was fact partially designed with some western influence),  have rather low ceilings when compared to equivalent stately buildings in the West, but their external appearances suggest the all-embracing nature of imperial China. These ideas have found their way into modern Western architecture, for example through the work of Jørn Utzon.[9]

text: Cosmological concepts[edit]

text: Chinese architecture from early times used concepts from Chinese cosmology such as feng shui (geomancy) and Taoism to organize construction and layout from common residences to imperial and religious structures.[2] This includes the use of:

text:
Screen walls to face the main entrance of the house, which stems from the belief that evil things travel in straight lines.
Talismans and imagery of good fortune:
Door gods displayed on doorways to ward off evil and encourage the flow of good fortune
Three anthropomorphic figures representing Fu Lu Shou (福祿壽 fú-lù-shòu) stars are prominently displayed, sometimes with the proclamation "the three stars are present" (三星宅 sān-xīng-zhài)
Animals and fruits that symbolize good fortune and prosperity, such as bats and pomegranates, respectively. The association is often done through rebuses.
Orienting the structure with its back to elevated landscape and ensuring that there is water in the front. Considerations are also made such that the generally windowless back of the structure faces the north, where the wind is coldest in the winter.
Ponds, pools, wells, and other water sources are usually built into the structure.
Aligning a building along a north/south axis, with the building facing south and the two sides facing east and west respectively.[10]

text: The use of certain colors, numbers and the cardinal directions in traditional Chinese architecture reflected the belief in a type of immanence, where the nature of a thing could be wholly contained in its own form. Although the Western tradition gradually developed a body of architectural literature, little was written on the subject in China, and the earliest text, the Kaogongji, was never disputed. However, ideas about cosmic harmony and the order of the city were usually interpreted at their most basic level, so a reproduction of the "ideal" city never existed. Beijing as reconstructed throughout the 15th and 16th century remains one of the best examples of traditional Chinese town planning.

text: Architectural types[edit]

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tag: table

text: Commoners[edit]

text: Due to primarily wooden construction and poor maintenance, far fewer examples of commoner's homes survive to this day compared to those of nobles. According to Matthew Korman, the average commoner's home did not change much, even centuries after the establishment of the universal style, such as early 20th century homes, were very similar to late and mid imperial homes in layout and construction.[11]

text: These homes, be they those of bureaucrats, merchants or farmers, tended to follow a set pattern: the center of the building would be a shrine for the deities and the ancestors, which would also be used during festivities. On its two sides were bedrooms for the elders; the two wings of the building (known as "guardian dragons" by the Chinese) were for the junior members of the family, as well as the living room, the dining room, and the kitchen, although sometimes the living room could be very close to the center[12].

text: Sometimes the extended families became so large that one or even two extra pairs of "wings" had to be built. This resulted in a U-shaped building, with a courtyard suitable for farm work.[8] Merchants and bureaucrats, however, preferred to close off the front with an imposing front gate. All buildings were legally regulated, and the law held that the number of stories, the length of the building and the colours used depended on the owner's class.

text: Some commoners living in areas plagued by bandits built communal fortresses called Tulou for protection. Often favoured by the Hakka in Fujian and Jiangxi, the design of Tulou also shows the Chinese ancient philosophy of harmony between people and environment. People used local materials to build the walls with rammed earth. There is no window to the outside on the lower two floors for defense, but it’s open on the inside with a common courtyard and lets people get together easily. [13]

text: Imperial[edit]

text: There were certain architectural features that were reserved solely for buildings built for the Emperor of China. One example is the use of yellow roof tiles, yellow having been the Imperial color; yellow roof tiles still adorn most of the buildings within the Forbidden City. The Temple of Heaven, however, uses blue roof tiles to symbolize the sky. The roofs are almost invariably supported by brackets ("dougong"), a feature shared only with the largest of religious buildings. The wooden columns of the buildings, as well as the surfaces of the walls, tend to be red in color. Black is also a famous color often used in pagodas. It was believed that the gods are inspired by the black color to descend to the earth.

text: The Chinese 5-clawed dragon, adopted by the first Ming emperor for his personal use, was used as decoration on the beams, pillars, and on the doors on Imperial architecture. Curiously, the dragon was never used on roofs of imperial buildings.

text: Only the buildings used by the imperial family were allowed to have nine jian (間, space between two columns); only the gates used by the Emperor could have five arches, with the centre one, of course, being reserved for the Emperor himself. The ancient Chinese favored the color red. The buildings faced south because the north had a cold wind.

text: Beijing became the capital of China after the Mongol invasion of the 13th century, completing the easterly migration of the Chinese capital begun since the Jin dynasty. The Ming uprising in 1368 reasserted Chinese authority and fixed Beijing as the seat of imperial power for the next five centuries. The Emperor and the Empress lived in palaces on the central axis of the Forbidden City, the Crown Prince at the eastern side, and the concubines at the back (therefore the numerous imperial concubines were often referred to as "The Back Palace Three Thousand"). However, during the mid-Qing Dynasty, the Emperor's residence was moved to the western side of the complex. It is misleading to speak of an axis in the Western sense of a visual perspective ordering facades, rather the Chinese axis is a line of privilege, usually built upon, regulating access—there are no vistas, but a series of gates and pavilions.

text: Numerology heavily influenced Imperial Architecture, hence the use of nine in much of construction (nine being the greatest single digit number) and the reason why the Forbidden City in Beijing is said to have 9,999.9 rooms—just short of the mythical 10,000 rooms in heaven. The importance of the East (the direction of the rising sun) in orienting and siting Imperial buildings is a form of solar worship found in many ancient cultures, where there is the notion of Ruler being affiliated with the Sun.

text: The tombs and mausoleums of imperial family members, such as the 8th century Tang Dynasty tombs at the Qianling Mausoleum, can also be counted as part of the imperial tradition in architecture. These above-ground earthen mounds and pyramids had subterranean shaft-and-vault structures that were lined with brick walls since at least the Warring States (481–221 BC).[14]

text: Religious[edit]

text: Generally speaking, Buddhist architecture follows the imperial style. A large Buddhist monastery normally has a front hall, housing the statues of the Four Heavenly Kings, followed by a great hall, housing the statues of the Buddhas. Accommodations for the monks and the nuns are located at the two sides. Some of the greatest examples of this come from the 18th century Puning Temple and Putuo Zongcheng Temple. Buddhist monasteries sometimes also have pagodas, which may house the relics of the Gautama Buddha; older pagodas tend to be four-sided, while later pagodas usually have eight sides.

text: Daoist architecture, on the other hand, usually follows the commoners' style. The main entrance is, however, usually at the side, out of superstition about demons which might try to enter the premise (see feng shui.) In contrast to the Buddhists, in a Daoist temple the main deity is located in the main hall at the front, the lesser deities in the back hall and at the sides. This is because Chinese people believe that even after the body has died, the soul is still alive. From the Han grave design, it shows the forces of cosmic yin and yang, the two forces from the heaven and earth that creates eternity. [15]

text: The tallest pre-modern building in China was built for both religious and martial purposes. The Liaodi Pagoda of 1055 AD stands at a height of 84 m (276 ft), and although it served as the crowning pagoda of the Kaiyuan monastery in old Dingzhou, Hebei, it was also used as a military watchtower for Song Dynasty soldiers to observe potential Liao Dynasty enemy movements.

text: The architecture of the mosques and gongbei tomb shrines of China's Muslims often combines traditional Chinese styles with Middle Eastern influences.

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
A group of temples at the top of Mount Taishan, where structures have been built at the site since the 3rd century BC during the Han Dynasty

Nanshan Temple in Longkou, Shandong.

Lianhuashan (lit. "lotus flower mountain") Temple in Dalian

Island Pagoda, about 1871, from the album, Foochow and the River Min

The Nine Pinnacle Pagoda, built in the 8th century during the Tang Dynasty

A Chinese pavilion instead of a minaret at the Great Mosque of Xi'an.

The Fogong Temple Pagoda, located in Ying county, Shanxi province, built in 1056 during the Liao Dynasty, is the oldest existent fully wooden pagoda in China

The Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an, built in 652 during the Tang Dynasty

The Songyue Pagoda, built in 523 AD during the Northern and Southern dynasties

The Liuhe Pagoda of Hangzhou, China, built in 1165 AD during the Song Dynasty

Hua Si  Gongbei (the mausoleum of Ma Laichi) in Linxia City, Gansu

A timber hall built in 857 during the Tang Dynasty,[16] located at the Buddhist Foguang Temple in Mount Wutai, Shanxi

The Liaodi Pagoda, the tallest pre-modern Chinese pagoda, built in 1055 during the Song dynasty

text: Urban planning[edit]

text: Chinese urban planning is based on fengshui geomancy and the well-field system of land division, both used since the Neolithic age. The basic well-field diagram is overlaid with the luoshu, a magic square divided into 9 sub-squares, and linked with Chinese numerology.[17]  In Southern Song Dynasty (1131AD), the design of Hongcun city in Anhui was based around "harmony between man and nature", facing south and surrounded by mountains and water. According to the theory of the traditional Chinese fengshui geomancy, it is a carefully planned ancient village and show the Human-Nature Intergraded Ecological Planning concept. [18]

text: Since wars happened in northern China very often, people moved to southern China. The building method of a courtyard house was adapted to southern China. The village of Tungyuan in Fujian Province is a good example of a planned settlement that shows the Chinese feng shui elements - psychological self-defense and building structure – in the form of material self-defense. [19]

text: Construction[edit]

text: Materials and history[edit]

text: Wood was originally utilised as a primary building material because it was very common. Also, Chinese people trust that life is connecting with nature and humans should interact with animated things, therefore wood was favored as opposed to stone, which was associated with the homes of the dead.[20] However, unlike other building construction materials, old wooden structures often do not survive because they are more vulnerable to weathering and fires and are naturally subjected to rotting over time. Although now-nonexistent wooden residential towers, watchtowers, and pagodas predated it by centuries, the Songyue Pagoda built in 523 is the oldest extant pagoda in China; its use of brick instead of wood had much to do with its endurance throughout the centuries. From the Tang Dynasty (618–907) onwards, brick and stone architecture gradually became more common and replaced wooden edifices. The earliest examples of this transition can be seen in building projects such as the Zhaozhou Bridge completed in 605 or the Xumi Pagoda built in 636, yet stone and brick architecture is known to have been used in subterranean tomb architecture of earlier dynasties.

text: In the early 20th century there were no known fully wood-constructed Tang Dynasty buildings that still existed; the oldest so far discovered was the 1931 find of Guanyin Pavilion at Dule Monastery, dated 984 during the Song.[24] This was until the architectural historians Liang Sicheng (1901–1972), Lin Huiyin (1904–1955), Mo Zongjiang (1916–1999), and  (1902–c. 1960s) discovered that the Great East Hall of Foguang Temple on Mount Wutai in Shanxi was reliably dated to the year 857 in June 1937.[24] The groundfloor dimensions for this monastic hall measures 34 by 17.66 m (111.5 by 57.9 ft).[25] A year after the discovery at Foguang, the main hall of nearby Nanchan Temple on Mount Wutai was reliably dated to the year 782,[26] while a total of six Tang era wooden buildings have been found by the 21st century.[27] The oldest existent fully wooden pagoda that has survived intact is the Pagoda of Fogong Temple of the Liao Dynasty, located in Ying County of Shanxi. While the East Hall of Foguang Temple features only seven types of bracket arms in its construction, the 11th century Pagoda of Fogong Temple features a total of fifty-four.[28]

text: The earliest walls and platforms in China were of rammed earth construction, and over time brick and stone became more frequently used. This can be seen in ancient sections of the Great Wall of China, while the brick and stone Great Wall seen today is a renovation of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644).

text: Structure[edit]

text:
Foundations: Most buildings are typically erected on raised platforms (臺基) as their foundations. Vertical structural beams may rest on raised stone pedestals (柱础) which occasionally rest on piles. In lower class construction, the platforms are constructed of rammed earth platforms that are unpaved or paved with brick or ceramics. In the simplest cases vertical structural beams are driven into the ground directly. Upper class constructions typically have high raised stone paved rammed earth or stone foundations with ornately carved heavy stone pedestals for supporting large vertical structural beams.[5] The vertical beams rest and remain on their pedestals solely by friction and the pressure exerted by the building structure.[29]
Structural beams: Use of large structural timbers for primary support of the roof of a building. Wooden timber, usually large trimmed logs, are used as load-bearing columns and lateral beams for framing buildings and supporting the roofs. These beams are connected to each other directly or, in larger and higher class structures, tied indirectly together through the use of brackets. These structural timbers are prominently displayed in finished structures. It is not definitively known how the ancient builders raised the huge wooden load bearing columns into position.
Structural connections: Timber frames are typically constructed with joinery and dowelling alone, seldom with the use of glue or nails. These types of semi-rigid structural joints allow the timber structure to resist bending and torsion while under high compression.[5] Structural stability is further ensured through the use of heavy beams and roofs, which weighs the structure down.[29] The lack of glue or nails in joinery, the use of non-rigid support such as dougong, and the used of wood as structural members allow the buildings to slide, flex, and hinge while absorbing shock, vibration, and groundshift from earthquakes without significant damage to its structure.[5] Dougong has a special function. The rich people applied valuable materials to decorate the Dougong for displaying their wealth. The common people used artwork to express their appreciation to the house. [30]
Walls: The common use of curtain walls or door panels to delineate rooms or enclose a building, with the general de-emphasis of load-bearing walls in most higher class construction. However, with the reduction in availability of trees in the later dynasties for building structures, the use of load-bearing walls in non-governmental or religious construction increased, with brick and stone being commonly used.
Roofs: Flat roofs are uncommon while gabled roofs are almost omnipresent in traditional Chinese architecture. Roofs are either built on roof cross-beams or rest directly on vertical structural beams. In higher class construction, roof supporting beams are supported through complex dougong bracketing systems that indirectly connect them to the primary structural beams.[5] Three main types of roofs are found:
Straight inclined: Roofs with a single incline. These are the most economical type of roofing and are most prevalent in commoner architectures.
Multi-inclined: Roofs with 2 or more sections of incline. These roofs are used in higher class constructions, from the dwellings of wealthy commoners to palaces.
Sweeping: Roofs with a sweeping curvature that rises at the corners of the roof. This type of roof construction is usually reserved for temples and palaces although it may also be found in the homes of the wealthy. In the former cases, the ridges of the roof are usually highly decorated with ceramic figurines.
Roof apex: The roof apex of a large hall is usually topped with a ridge of tiles and statues for both decorative purposes as well as to weigh down the layers of roofing tiles for stability. These ridges are often well decorated, especially for religious or palatial structures. In some regions of China, the ridges are sometimes extended or incorporated into the walls of the building to form matouqiang (horse-head walls), which serve as a fire deterrent from drifting embers.
Roof top decorations: Symbolism can be found from colors of the eaves, roofing materials and roof top decorations. Gold/yellow is an auspicious (good) color, imperial roofs are gold or yellow. They are usually used by the emperor. Green roofs symbolize bamboo shafts, which, in turn, represent youth and longevity.[31]

text: Classification by structure[edit]

text: Chinese classifications for architecture include:

text:
亭 (Chinese: 亭; pinyin: Tíng) ting (Chinese pavilions)
臺 (simplified Chinese: 台; traditional Chinese: 臺; pinyin: Taí) tai (terraces)
樓 (simplified Chinese: 楼; traditional Chinese: 樓; pinyin: Lóu) lou (Multistory buildings)
閣 (simplified Chinese: 阁; traditional Chinese: 閣; pinyin: Gé) ge (Two-story pavilions)
軒 (轩) xuan (Verandas with windows)
塔 ta (Chinese pagodas)
榭 xie (Pavilions or houses on terraces)
屋 wu (Rooms along roofed corridors)
斗拱(Chinese: 斗拱; pinyin: Dǒugǒng) dougong interlocking wooden brackets, often used in clusters to support roofs and add ornamentation.
藻井 Caisson  domed or coffered ceiling

text: Miniature models[edit]

text: Although mostly only ruins of brick and rammed earth walls and towers from ancient China (i.e. before the 6th century AD) have survived, information on ancient Chinese architecture (especially wooden architecture) can be discerned from more or less realistic clay models of buildings created by the ancient Chinese as funerary items. This is similar to the paper joss houses burned in some modern Chinese funerals. The following models were made during the Han Dynasty (202 BC – AD 220):

text: During the Jin Dynasty (265–420) and the Six Dynasties, miniature models of buildings or entire architectural ensembles were often made to decorate the tops of the so-called "soul vases" (hunping), found in many tombs of that period.[32]

text: Influence from outside of China[edit]

text: Despite largely being self-developing, there have been periods where Chinese architecture received significant influence from abroad, particularly during conquest dynasties such as the Yuan and Qing, who tended to be more outward-looking.[33] The foundations and ruins of the Yuan capitol of Khanbaliq directly under the Forbidden City in Beijing were analysed by scholars to be both distinct from previous styles and ancestral to many later features of Ming and Qing architecture. Additionally the import of many Muslim officials, architects and scholars from the Islamic world during the Yuan led to an influx of Islamic design elements, especially in mosques. [34]

text: The Zhenghai Mosque in Ningbo city, Zhejiang province is a type of Islamic Architecture which appeared in China during the Song dynasty (990AD). When the Arabic traders arrived at the big commercial city of Ningbo and settled down there, they spread the Muslim culture and built a mosque. Later, more mosques were built around Beijing. [35]

text: There are many miniature pagodas in Northeast China. They were built when the Buddhists came from India to spread Buddhism during the Liao dynasty (907-1125), and the empire supported the practice of Buddhism. They developed some new types of Buddhist architecture building with bricks. So, we can find many high-rise pagodas from Hebei Province to Beijing and Inner Mongolia. [36]

text: Influence in neighboring Asian countries[edit]

text: Chinese architecture has been influential in varying degrees in the development of the architecture of many neighboring Asian countries. After the Tang dynasty, the era when much Chinese culture was imported en masse by neighboring nations, Chinese architecture has had a major influence on the architectural styles of Korea, Vietnam, and Japan, where the East Asian hip-and-gable roof design is ubiquitous.[37] [24]In Sri Lanka, Chinese architecture has played a significant role in shaping Sri Lankan architecture, alongside influences from Indian and Southeast Asian architecture.[38][39] The Kandyan roof style, for example bears many similarities to the East Asian hip-and-gable roof technique which has its origins in China.[40] In Thailand, certain Chinese techniques were adopted by Thai artisans after trade commenced with the Yuan and Ming dynasty. Certain temple and palace roof tops were also built in Chinese-style and Chinese-style buildings can be found in Ayutthaya a nod towards the large numbers of Chinese shipbuilders, sailors and traders who came to the country.[41] In Indonesia, mosques bearing Chinese influence can be found in certain parts of the country. This influence is recent in comparison to other parts of Asia and is largely due to the sizable Chinese Indonesian community.[42]

text: The Chinese-origin guardian lion is also found in front of Buddhist temples, buildings and some Hindu temples (in Nepal) across Asia including Japan, Korea, Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Cambodia and Laos.[43]

text: Regional variation[edit]

text: There is considerable regional variance in traditional Chinese architecture, some of which are very divergent from general layouts. Several of the more notable regional styles include:

text: Lingnan (Cantonese) architecture[edit]

text: The classical Lingnan architecture is used primarily in the southern province of Gwongdung and the eastern half of the neighboring Gwongsai. It is noted for its use of carvings and sculptures for decorations, green brick, balconies, "Cold alleys", "Narrow doors", and many other characteristics adaptive to the subtropical region.

text:
The Ho Ancestral Hall in Punyu, Gwongzau; Built in 14th century, it utilizes manner door - a second door behind the main one, which is related to Cantonese Feng shui culture.

Chan Clan Academy in Gwongzau is often cited as a representative example of Lingnan architecture.

A cold alley in Chan Clan Academy; A "Narrow Door" leads to the next alley.

A monument in honor of the Cantonese folk hero Wong Fei-hung, in Futsan.

Most Hongkongese are of Cantonese origin. Thus, Hong Kong naturally has a lot of buildings of classical Lingnan style. Pictured is a Mazu temple in Shek Pai Wan, Hong Kong.

text: Minnan (Hokkien) architecture[edit]

text: Minnan architecture, or Hokkien architecture, refers to the architectural style of the Hoklo people, the Han Chinese group who have been the dominant demographic of most of Fujian and Taiwan. This style is noted for its use of swallowtail roofs (heavily decorated upward-curving roof ridges) and "cut porcelain carving" for decorations.[44]

text:
Nanfeng Ancestral Temple at Chiàu-an, Changchow, Hokkien (the name of Fujian in the Hokkien language.

Cut porcelain carving decorations above the main door of Nanfeng Ancestral Temple.

A Mazu temple in Chiayi City, Taiwan.

A shrine for Tudigong, a Taoist earth deity, in Kaohsiung, Taiwan; It is an example of a less garish swallowtail roof.

Front entrance of Thian Hock Keng Temple, Singapore.

text: Hakka architecture[edit]

text: Hakka people have been noted for building very distinctive walled villages in order to protect themselves from clan wars.

text: Gan architecture[edit]

text: The Gan Chinese-speaking province of Jiangxi is noted for its distinct style, making use of bricks, wood, and stones as materials, primarily erected with wooden frames.

text:
Jiangxi's indigenous architecture - Liukeng village.

A "Pai tau uk" (牌頭屋) in Nanchang, Jiangxi.

text: Yaodong[edit]

text: The Jin Chinese cultural area of Shanxi and northern Shaanxi are noted for carving their homes into the sides of mountains. The soft rock of the Loess Plateau in this region makes for an excellent insulating material.

text: Others[edit]

text: Aside from the above, there are many other regional styles, such as Hutong, which is prevalent in northern China, Longtang and Shikumen of Haipai (Shanghainese) architecture, and so on.

text:
Entrance to a residence in a hutong.

Shikumen in Xintiandi lanes in Shanghai.

Great Wall of Qi in Shandong.

Du Fu Thatched Cottage in Sichuan.

Jinci in the Jin Chinese-speaking province of Shanxi.


document_title: List of Good Times episodes

question_text: what was the first episode of good times

text: List of Good Times episodes

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (1974)[edit]

text:
No. inseries

No. inseason

Title

Directed by

Written by

Original air date

Tape date
11"Too Old Blues"Bob LaHendro and Donald McKayleBob PeeteFebruary 8, 1974 (1974-02-08)January 21, 1974
James (John Amos) is excited because he is sure that he is going to get a high paying job. However, at the interview, he learns that he is too old to join the company's union. Meanwhile, Florida (Esther Rolle) and the children (BernNadette Stanis, Jimmie Walker, and Ralph Carter) get ahead of themselves and throw a celebration party for James unaware that he was rejected.

Note: This episode was taped after the pilot to add additional characters and to provide background for those in the pilot episode.
22"Black Jesus"Bob LaHendro and John RichKurt Taylor and John DonleyFebruary 15, 1974 (1974-02-15)January 14, 1974
J.J.'s painting of a Black Jesus, becomes the family's good luck charm after a string of success for each family member. However, Florida refuses to entertain the notion that the painting had anything to do with the recent string of "good times".
Creator Eric Monte appears as Numbers Runner.
Note: This episode was taped after the pilot to add additional characters and to provide background for those in the pilot episode.

In 2009, TV Guide ranked this episode #83 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes.[1]
33"Getting Up the Rent (The Pilot)"Donald McKayle and Perry RosemondEric MonteFebruary 22, 1974 (1974-02-22)January 7, 1974
With an eviction notice over their heads, the Evans family scrambles to come up with $74 needed for their rent. Despite Florida's opinion, James goes down to the pool hall to try to hustle some money; J.J. comes up with a scheme of his own and Florida and Willona go down to the welfare office.

Guest star: Matthew "Stymie" Beard (former Our Gang child actor) as Monty and Hal Williams as one of the movers
44"God's Business Is Good Business"Bob LaHendro and Donald McKayleRoland WolpertMarch 1, 1974 (1974-03-01)January 28, 1974
An old friend of James, who is now a shady televangelist (Roscoe Lee Browne), stops by the Evans apartment and offers James a job that would pay $100 a day. James is set to take it, but Florida is against James accepting the job, believing it goes against his morals and values.
55"Michael Gets Suspended""The Midget Strikes Back"Herbert KenwithEric MonteMarch 8, 1974 (1974-03-08)February 12, 1974
Michael comes home from school early one day with the announcement that he has been suspended as a result of telling his teacher that George Washington was a racist because he owned slaves. James and Florida become determined to prove to Michael that he is wrong.
66"Sex and the Evans Family"Herbert KenwithStory by : Donald L. Stewart Teleplay by : Norman Paul and Jack ElinsonMarch 15, 1974 (1974-03-15)February 26, 1974
Florida finds what she believes to be a dirty story called, "Sexual Behavior in the Ghetto". Assuming it to be J.J.'s, Florida confronts him, but she is in for a surprise when Thelma claims it and has an even bigger surprise when she learns it belongs to Thelma's latest boyfriend (Philip Michael Thomas).
77"Junior Gets a Patron"Herbert KenwithLarry SiegelMarch 22, 1974 (1974-03-22)February 19, 1974
J.J. is sure he is bound to make it big when he finds a patron in Leroy Jackson (Ed Cambridge), who begins providing him with all the supplies he needs. However, when James discovers who the patron is, he forbids J.J. to be associated with him and J.J. responds by moving out. This leads to a confrontation at J.J.'s new apartment between James and Leroy.
88"Junior the Senior"Herbert KenwithStory by : Ken Hecht & Lloyd Garver Teleplay by : Ken Hecht & Lloyd Garver and Lou Derman & Bill DavenportMarch 29, 1974 (1974-03-29)March 6, 1974
Florida and James are worried that J.J. will not pass into the 12th grade but when he gets his report card he did indeed pass but the grades seem to be a far cry from what they should be. This leads James and Florida to do a little investigating.
99"The Visitor"Herbert KenwithStory by : Bob Wolterstorf, Allessandro R. Veith and Thad Mumford Teleplay by : Norman Paul and Jack ElinsonApril 5, 1974 (1974-04-05)March 20, 1974
Michael submits an angry letter about the conditions in the Evans' apartment to a newspaper and gets an immediate response from a housing commission official who quickly finds himself stranded in the ghetto and experiences the conditions first hand.
1010"Springtime in the Ghetto"Herbert KenwithNorman Paul and Jack ElinsonApril 19, 1974 (1974-04-19)March 27, 1974
Florida is running in a cleanest apartment competition and is sure she will win. However, her chances are dashed when Michael tries to help someone in need and brings home Ned the Wino.
1111"The TV Commercial"Herbert KenwithStory by : Simon Muntner, Lou Derman and Bill Davenport Teleplay by : Lou Derman and Bill DavenportApril 26, 1974 (1974-04-26)April 3, 1974
Florida comes home from the supermarket with great news – she has been offered a role in a TV commercial. What is even better is the pay she will get – $5,000. However, once she reads the script and tests the product, Florida has second thoughts.
1212"The Checkup""James Goes Down"Herbert KenwithKurt Taylor and John DonleyMay 3, 1974 (1974-05-03)April 10, 1974
Florida and the children become concerned about James' health after reading an article in a magazine about hypertension. When he learns about their concerns, he goes through the roof and refuses to go for a check up.
1313"My Son, The Lover""I Love Marcy"Herbert KenwithStory by : Lou Derman & Bill Davenport Teleplay by : Lou Derman & Bill Davenport and Norman Paul & Jack ElinsonMay 10, 1974 (1974-05-10)April 17, 1974
A popular girl wants J.J. to paint her portrait and J.J. mistakenly assumes that they will become more serious when he makes plans to ask her to go steady. However, Florida and Thelma smell a rat.

text: Season 2 (1974–75)[edit]

text:
No. inseries

No. inseason

Title

Directed by

Written by

Original air date

Tape date
141"Florida Flips"Herbert KenwithStory by : Jack Elinson & Norman Paul and John Donley & Kurt Taylor Teleplay by : Jack Elinson & Norman PaulSeptember 10, 1974 (1974-09-10)July 18, 1974
Florida's strange behavior has the family and Willona wondering what is wrong with her. Michael thinks that she is beginning menopause, while Willona believes that she is fed up with the boredom that comes with being a housewife.
152"J.J. Becomes a Man: Part 1""J.J. Is Arrested: Part 1"Herbert KenwithJack Elinson & Norman PaulSeptember 17, 1974 (1974-09-17)August 1, 1974
After his birthday party, J.J. is arrested on suspicion of robbing a liquor store.
163"J.J. Becomes a Man: Part 2""J.J. Is Arrested: Part 2"Herbert KenwithJack Elinson & Norman PaulSeptember 24, 1974 (1974-09-24)August 15, 1974
Desperate to raise bail to free J.J., the family considers taking money from a loan shark.
174"Crosstown Buses Run All Day, Doodah, Doodah"Herbert KenwithRoger Shulman & John BaskinOctober 1, 1974 (1974-10-01)July 25, 1974
To avoid being bused to a white neighborhood, Michael forges his parents' names on a questionnaire. His principal (Ron Glass) arrives to question Florida and James about their responses
185"The Man I Most Admire"Herbert KenwithMichael MorrisOctober 8, 1974 (1974-10-08)August 8, 1974
Michael must write an essay on the person he most admires. He first picks Florida for her strength and effort in keeping the family together. However, Florida points out that James may be the best person. However, James' recent actions in applying for a new job leave little to be admired.
196"Thelma's Young Man"Herbert KenwithStory by : Roland Wolpert Teleplay by : Roger Shulman & John BaskinOctober 15, 1974 (1974-10-15)September 12, 1974
Thelma has been seeing the same man (Louis Gossett Jr.) for two months and has not introduced him to the family yet. However, when she comes home with an engagement ring, Florida and James demand that they meet him and they are in for a surprise when they finally do.
207"The I.Q. Test"Herbert KenwithJay Moriarty & Mike MilliganOctober 22, 1974 (1974-10-22)September 5, 1974
Michael, one of the brightest boys in his class, comes home with the news that he scored the lowest out of his whole class on an I.Q. test. Infuriated at first, Florida and James hear Michael out and realize that I.Q. tests are designed for certain demographics and in this case exclude white people. Meanwhile, J.J. prepares for a wild date with his latest girl, Henrietta.

Guest star: Austin Pendleton as the I.Q. test creator
218"The Encyclopedia Hustle"Herbert KenwithBob Shayne & Eric CohenOctober 29, 1974 (1974-10-29)August 29, 1974
An encyclopedia salesman (Ron Glass) is the last person James wants to see when he comes home from work. However, he softens when he learns the man is blind. This leads James to sign a contract and he reads the fine print only after the man leaves.
229"The Gang: Part 1""J.J. and the Gang: Part 1"Herbert KenwithStory by : Eric Monte Teleplay by : Eric Monte & Allan Manings and Jack Elinson & Norman PaulNovember 12, 1974 (1974-11-12)October 17, 1974
J.J. has secretly become a member of the Satan's Knights, a gang who are in the midst of a gang war with the Warlords. Two members and the leader of the Satan's Knights arrive at the Evans' home to escort a scared J.J. to a meeting place where the two gangs are to meet. However, on the way there they run into James and Florida and an altercation leaves J.J. shot.
2310"The Gang: Part 2""J.J. and the Gang: Part 2"Herbert KenwithStory by : Eric Monte Teleplay by : Eric Monte and Jack Elinson & Norman PaulNovember 19, 1974 (1974-11-19)October 31, 1974
J.J. is recovering after being shot by Mad Dog, which turned out to be only a flesh wound. Meanwhile, a vengeful James presses charges against Mad Dog but a worried Florida is afraid that James's anger will take over before the law does.
2411"Florida, the Matchmaker"Herbert KenwithNorman Paul & Jack ElinsonNovember 26, 1974 (1974-11-26)October 3, 1974
A wedding has Florida realizing that Willona is the only friend of hers left who is not married. This leads Florida to try her hand at matchmaking, and she matches Willona with Duane, a friend of James'. However, Florida is a little crestfallen, when Duane leaves the wedding early, claiming he does not feel well and she thinks her matchmaking plans have failed, until they arrive the next day at the Evans door, together.
2512"The Windfall""James Goes to Far..."Herbert KenwithAllan ManingsDecember 3, 1974 (1974-12-03)October 10, 1974
James finds a bag of robbery loot adding up to $27,000. After some coaxing from Florida, James decides to turn it in. However, what Florida does not know is that there was $29,000 in the bag and James kept the other $2,000. James has no regrets especially after the only reward he was given was a $50 gift certificate for the supermarket.
2613"Sometimes There's No Bottom in the Bottle"Herbert KenwithLarry Markes & Norm LiebmannDecember 10, 1974 (1974-12-10)November 7, 1974
Cousin Naomi is visiting the Evans' for the Christmas season and the whole time she has been there, has been time spent in the bathroom. However, her visit is not a happy one for Thelma, who discovers that Naomi is hiding a serious drinking problem. Meanwhile, the rest of the Evans family prepares for holiday festivities.
2714"Florida's Big Gig"Herbert KenwithBob PeeteDecember 31, 1974 (1974-12-31)November 21, 1974
James is sure that he is going to get a sales position at a department store but when he brings Florida along to the interview he is in for a big surprise – the supervisor would rather hire Florida than him. It seems the supervisor would "kill two birds with one stone" hiring an African American woman.

Guest star: Dick O'Neill and Charlotte Rae
2815"Florida Goes to School"Herbert KenwithStory by : Michael E. Coleman Teleplay by : Roger Shulman & John BaskinJanuary 7, 1975 (1975-01-07)December 5, 1974
Florida comes home excited that she is going to night school hoping to achieve a High School Equivalency diploma, but working in the daytime and going to school at night puts a strain on her relationship with James, who is against her entertaining the notion of school.
2916"The Nude""Painting Naked Woman"Herbert KenwithStory by : Barry E. Blitzer Teleplay by : Dick Bensfield & Perry GrantJanuary 14, 1975 (1975-01-14)December 12, 1974
A woman, known in the projects as the "Wiggler", asks J.J. to paint a nude portrait of her as a birthday gift for her husband (Carl Weathers). However, Florida has a hard time understanding why a woman would pose in the nude and why she has to pose in the Evans' apartment. Meanwhile, Florida is also not too happy that James is taking such a liking to "the Wiggler".
3017"The Family Business"Herbert KenwithStory by : Alex Barris Teleplay by : Allan Manings and Norman Paul & Jack ElinsonJanuary 21, 1975 (1975-01-21)December 19, 1974
Realizing his mechanical skills, Florida suggests that James open a fix-it shop but when they go to the bank, they are turned down for a loan. This leads James to set up shop right in the apartment, despite a clause in the lease, and soon Bookman (which is his first appearance on the show) begins nosing around trying to put an end to the family business.
3118"The Debutante Ball"Herbert KenwithStory by : Patricia Edwards Teleplay by : Jack Elinson & Norman PaulFebruary 4, 1975 (1975-02-04)January 16, 1975
J.J. is enchanted with his new girlfriend, Clarissa, and is all set to take her to a ritzy debutante ball. However, Clarissa has come to the Evans' apartment with some bad news – her parents will not let her go with J.J., saying that they think she is too good for him.
3219"The Dinner Party""Dog Food Lover"Herbert KenwithStory by : Robert Fisher & Phil Naples Teleplay by : Robert Fisher & Phil Naples and Allan ManingsFebruary 11, 1975 (1975-02-11)January 23, 1975
An elderly resident of the projects appears to be living on pet food after Michael takes out her garbage. The Evans family's attempt to do something for her is complicated when she brings a meat loaf to dinner and the kids suspect it is made from dog food.
3320"The Houseguest"Herbert KenwithElon Packard & John Fenton Murray and Norman Paul & Jack ElinsonFebruary 18, 1975 (1975-02-18)January 30, 1975
A childhood friend (Thalmus Rasulala) of James' arrives for a visit and quickly his gambling problem becomes an Evans family problem when two criminals show up looking for him to pay off a $5,000 debt. Meanwhile, with a house guest, J.J., Michael and James must learn to share the pull-out couch in the living room.
3421"My Girl Henrietta"Herbert KenwithBob PeeteFebruary 25, 1975 (1975-02-25)February 13, 1975
Florida thinks it is strange that she has never met the often talked about Henrietta, J.J.'s girlfriend (Tina Andrews). So when she calls the Evans home, Florida invites her over for dinner. Meanwhile, J.J. announces that he has been thinking of asking Henrietta to marry him. This sends shock waves through the Evans household, but things really get touchy when Henrietta shows up at the door, pregnant.
3522"The Enlistment"Herbert KenwithBen Joelson & Art BaerMarch 4, 1975 (1975-03-04)February 20, 1975
While Florida is away in Cleveland for a family funeral, the Evans' family is hit with a double dose of unemployment after both James and J.J. lose their jobs. James' boss at Brady's puts him on a temporary lay-off and the movie theater where J.J. works is closing down. Wanting to support his family, J.J. decides to join the U.S. Army.

Guest star: William Christopher (Father Mulcahey on M*A*S*H)
3623"Thelma's Scholarship"Herbert KenwithPerry Grant & Dick BensfieldMarch 11, 1975 (1975-03-11)February 27, 1975
Thelma has a chance of winning a scholarship to an exclusive boarding school in Michigan. However, even before she knows she has won, a snobby girl from a sorority comes around wanting Thelma to join and quickly discovers they just want her because she is black.
3724"The Lunch Money Ripoff"Herbert KenwithRoger Shulman & John BaskinMarch 18, 1975 (1975-03-18)March 6, 1975
A small-fry extortionist named Eddie (Douglas Grant of The Electric Company) bullies Michael into handing over his lunch and milk money on a daily basis. When the rest of the family finds out, turmoil erupts as they argue about how Michael should deal with his bully of a classmate.

text: Season 3 (1975–76)[edit]

text:
No. inseries

No. inseason

Title

Directed by

Written by

Original air date

Tape date
381"A Real Cool Job"Herbert KenwithBob PeeteSeptember 9, 1975 (1975-09-09)July 24, 1975
After taking some courses at a trade school, James has graduated and now has a chance at getting better paying jobs. However, James soon finds that he is still in the same old situation of having a hard time finding work. So, when he is finally offered a job, he accepts it despite the fact that there is one catch – it is in Alaska.
392"The Family Gun""James Goes Overboard"Herbert KenwithStory by : Hubert Geiger Teleplay by : Roger Shulman & John Baskin and Hubert GeigerSeptember 16, 1975 (1975-09-16)July 17, 1975
It seems crime has been at an all-time high in the neighborhood, causing the Evans family to take extra precautions, such as installing extra locks on their doors. However, James has taken a step that Florida and the children are not ready for – he has bought a gun. Later, when the gun disappears, all hell breaks loose, as James tears the apartment apart, looking for it.
403"Operation Florida"Herbert KenwithDick Bensfield & Perry GrantSeptember 23, 1975 (1975-09-23)July 31, 1975
Florida has had a pain in her side for the last two weeks but does not want to see a doctor out of fear of the cost. However, when James learns of her dilemma he decides to pay any cost for Florida's treatment, even after he learns she has to have a gallbladder operation.
414"Love in the Ghetto"Herbert KenwithPerry Grant & Dick BensfieldSeptember 30, 1975 (1975-09-30)August 28, 1975
Thelma has great news – she is engaged to her latest boyfriend, but she is nervous about breaking the news to James and Florida. Later, her opinion of great news differs greatly with her parents who hit the roof after learning this, and in a surprise move, J.J. is on Thelma's side.
425"Florida's Rich Cousin""Cousin Edgar"Herbert KenwithRoger Shulman & John BaskinOctober 7, 1975 (1975-10-07)August 14, 1975
Florida plans on borrowing money from her cousin to help pay some unexpected bills. James's pride stands in the way causing him to storm out to a bar, leaving Florida to learn about the shocking news about her seemingly wealthy cousin by herself.
436"The Weekend""Happy Twentieth"Herbert KenwithNorman Paul & Jack ElinsonOctober 14, 1975 (1975-10-14)September 4, 1975
A friend of James' gives him permission to use his cabin to celebrate his and Florida's 20th wedding anniversary. However, the trick is trying to get Florida to stop worrying about the children. While James and Florida are away, J.J. takes over the household by force and acts like a dictator.
447"The Baby""Bye-Bye, Baby"Herbert KenwithBruce HowardOctober 21, 1975 (1975-10-21)September 18, 1975
While James is out of town, Florida and the children throw a baby shower for a friend, Loretta (Mary Alice). However, the joyous occasion is dampened when Loretta announces her plans of giving the baby up for adoption. Meanwhile, while Florida, Thelma and Willona go out shopping, Loretta goes into labor, leaving J.J. and Michael panicking.
458"Michael's Big Fall"Herbert KenwithBob PeeteOctober 28, 1975 (1975-10-28)September 25, 1975
While James is out of town, Florida and her brother Wilbert are left to deal with a troubled Michael. Cutting classes, getting into fights at school, and low grades are all warning signs that lead Florida to make an appointment to see Michael's teacher.

Guest star:  Louis Gossett Jr.
469"The Politicians""Young Verses Old"Herbert KenwithJack Elinson & Norman PaulNovember 4, 1975 (1975-11-04)August 21, 1975
A feud erupts in the Evans' household when James and J.J. take the side of Alderman Fred Davis during his attempt at re-election while Florida, Thelma and Willona take the side of his young opponent. It seems Davis is a shyster who gets nothing done in the neighborhood, which is why she cannot believe James would back such a loser.
4710"Willona's Dilemma"Herbert KenwithRoger Shulman & John BaskinNovember 11, 1975 (1975-11-11)October 2, 1975
When J.J. brings home Walter, a man from his art class, he hits it off with Willona. Despite the fact that he is deaf, he and Willona begin a relationship one that Willona thinks is headed for the altar and she is unsure of how to tell him that she is not interested in marrying him without making him think that him being deaf is the reason.
4811"Florida's Protest"Herbert KenwithStory by : Patricia Edwards Teleplay by : Allan ManingsNovember 25, 1975 (1975-11-25)October 9, 1975
Florida and James become outraged when the kids get a touch of food poisoning after eating meat from the local supermarket. She organizes a group of concerned citizens and they boycott the market. The protest brings effective results, but not before Florida experiences her first trip to jail.
4912"The Mural"Herbert KenwithStory by : Thad Mumford and Dick Bensfield & Perry Grant Teleplay by : Dick Bensfield & Perry GrantDecember 2, 1975 (1975-12-02)October 30, 1975
Thelma comes home with news that she has won a college scholarship, but is short of funds by $200. Meanwhile, J.J. is commissioned by a bank to paint a mural and in return will receive $250 and agrees to give her the money she needs. However, the bank is reluctant to pay after seeing the finished product.
5013"A Loss of Confidence"Herbert KenwithNorman Paul & Jack ElinsonDecember 9, 1975 (1975-12-09)November 6, 1975
Thelma brings home a friend who she is tutoring in French and instantly J.J. is smitten. J.J. goes all out trying to impress her. However, when she rejects him he quickly loses all of his confidence and slips into a depression.
5114"Cousin Cleatus""Florida's Nephew Goes Bad..."Herbert KenwithStory by : Ron Allen Thompson Teleplay by : Ron Allen Thompson and Norman Paul & Jack ElinsonDecember 16, 1975 (1975-12-16)November 13, 1975
A bank robbery in Atlanta has the FBI showing up at the Evans' apartment to question Florida since her nephew, Cleatus is the suspect. Things get worse, when Cleatus arrives at the apartment with a briefcase full of money and wanting a place to stay. Meanwhile, a new stereo that Florida has won causes a power outage whenever the family uses it.
5215"The Family Tree"Herbert KenwithBob PeeteDecember 23, 1975 (1975-12-23)November 20, 1975
Thelma researches her family tree for a school project and discovers that James's father is alive and living in the Chicago area. However, when James learns that Thelma has invited him as a surprise for his birthday, he refuses to look at him. This leads Florida to discover why James lied about his father still being alive.
5316"A Place to Die"Herbert KenwithStory by : Norman Paul & Jack Elinson Teleplay by : Norman Paul & Jack Elinson and Roger Shulman & John BaskinDecember 30, 1975 (1975-12-30)December 4, 1975
An elderly man who Michael befriended stops by the Evans' apartment just prior to the New Year's celebration and knowing that he only has a little time left, decides that this would be the best place to die, surrounded by a loving family and friends. Meanwhile, James is out of town while taking a temporary job and becomes snowbound, causing him to miss the New Years festivities.
5417"J.J.'s Fiancée: Part 1""I Pronounce You...: Part 1"Herbert KenwithRoger Shulman & John BaskinJanuary 6, 1976 (1976-01-06)December 11, 1975
J.J. and his girlfriend, Diana (Debbie Allen), are getting serious and the topic of marriage comes up, something which J.J. and Diana both want. However, both of their parents are totally against the notion. Meanwhile, Diana has been acting strange, she steals money from her mother and a ring from a jewelry store, but it turns out that this is just a means to support a hidden drug problem.
5518"J.J.'s Fiancée: Part 2""I Pronounce You...: Part 2"Herbert KenwithStory by : Roger Shulman & John Baskin Teleplay by : Roger Shulman & John Baskin and Norman Paul & Jack ElinsonJanuary 13, 1976 (1976-01-13)December 18, 1975
After their parents sternly refuse the notion of J.J. and Diana marrying, Diana decides to run off to Indiana and elope with J.J. Meanwhile, back in Chicago, Thelma makes two shocking discoveries. First, while at the prom she realizes that J.J. and Diana never showed up and, second, she somehow switched purses with Diana and discovers that she has a drug problem and number for the supplier.

Guest star: Philip Baker Hall as the motel owner
5619"Sweet Daddy Williams"Herbert KenwithJames RitzJanuary 20, 1976 (1976-01-20)January 8, 1976
J.J. has been commissioned by a numbers runner, Sweet Daddy Williams, to paint the portrait of his girlfriend, Savannah. In return, J.J. will get his own "one man show". However, Sweet Daddy's influence soon becomes too much for Florida and James to take and try to encourage J.J. to turn Sweet Daddy's offers down. But things take a turn, when Savannah sees J.J.'s painting of her.
5720"The Investigation"Herbert KenwithBruce HowardJanuary 27, 1976 (1976-01-27)January 15, 1976
The family is being investigated by the FBI because they are suspected to be security risks due to Michael doing research about and communicating with a Communist country for a term paper. However, the investigation leads to James losing his job and J.J. suspects this is also the reason why he got fired from his job at the Chicken Shack.
5821"J.J. In Trouble"Herbert KenwithRoger Shulman & John BaskinFebruary 3, 1976 (1976-02-03)January 22, 1976
When James and Florida go out of town for a family wedding, the children are left at home alone and J.J. soon begins acting like a dictator. And Thelma and Michael argue at J.J and Wilona stop them for argue. However, J.J. is in for a shock when he receives bad news that he has given VD to an ex-girlfriend. This leads an embarrassed J.J. to debate whether or not to visit a free clinic for treatment.

Guest star: Jay Leno as a clinic patron
5922"Florida the Woman"Herbert KenwithJay SommersFebruary 17, 1976 (1976-02-17)February 5, 1976
After a morning of being taken granted for by her children and her husband, Florida decides to take her boss (Thalmus Rasulala) up on a lunch invitation. This eventually leads to a confrontation with a jealous James.
6023"The Breakup"Herbert KenwithBob PeeteFebruary 24, 1976 (1976-02-24)February 12, 1976
Thelma's fiance's idea of romance is taking her to a basketball game but that is the least of her worries after he gets a big break in California leaving her with two options, stay with her family in Chicago or move to California with her fiancé. Florida tries to calm a furious James and insists that it is time to let Thelma make her own decisions.

Guest star: Debbi Morgan as Samantha
6124"The Rent Party"Herbert KenwithRoger Shulman & John BaskinMarch 2, 1976 (1976-03-02)February 19, 1976
While J.J. is in St. Louis at an art show, the Evans family decides to hold a rent party to help out Wanda (Helen Martin), a neighbor in the building, whose electricity has just been turned off. However, the party may come to a quick halt when the heartless building superintendent, Nathan Bookman, catches wind of it. Meanwhile, Michael, Thelma, Willona and Florida all prepare to provide entertainment during the party.

Note: This is the final appearance of John Amos as James Evans, Sr.

text: Season 4 (1976–77)[edit]

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621"The Big Move: Part 1"Gerren KeithAustin & Irma KalishSeptember 22, 1976 (1976-09-22)July 15, 1976
The family is getting ready to move to Mississippi where James has a promising new job. However, the family is waiting for the right time to tell Bookman the news. Later, Willona throws a going-away party, but the happiness is interrupted when a devastating telegram comes--James had been killed in a car accident.
632"The Big Move: Part 2"Gerren KeithLou Derman & Bill DavenportSeptember 29, 1976 (1976-09-29)July 22, 1976
The death of James has J.J., Thelma, and Michael not only overcome with grief, but also wondering what is wrong with Florida, who has not grieved once since she heard news of James' death. The kids become even more concerned during a get-together at the apartment after James' funeral, where Florida appears to be laughing and having a great time, acting as if it was an ordinary party. After everyone leaves, the kids confront Florida as she cleans up the kitchen, but Florida keeps assuring the kids that she is fine. Finally, when she gets the punch bowl to put away, Florida smashes it to the floor and shouts, "Damn, damn, DAMN!", breaking down in tears over the loss of her husband. The closing credits then appear, in silence rather than with the usual applause.

Note: The "Damn, damn, damn!" scene has been regarded as the most touching scene in TV sitcom history.
643"J.J. and the Older Woman"Gerren KeithStory by : Bruce Howard Teleplay by : Bruce Howard and Sid DorfmanOctober 6, 1976 (1976-10-06)July 29, 1976
Thelma is trying to impress her new ballet teacher, Miss Jessica Bishop (Rosalind Cash), with guacamole. She seems to be more interested in J.J.'s paintings...and J.J. This relationship annoys Florida because she is 15 years older than him. Things really become serious when Jessica asks J.J. to move in with her.
654"Michael the Warlord"Gerren KeithBob PeeteOctober 13, 1976 (1976-10-13)August 5, 1976
Widespread violence has been running rampant in the neighborhood and a large part of it is due to the street gang, the Warlords. While Florida and some concerned citizens discuss the problem, Michael does his best to conceal from his mother that he is a member of the gang.
665"Michael's Great Romance"Gerren KeithKim Weiskopf & Michael BaserOctober 20, 1976 (1976-10-20)September 9, 1976
Michael is in love with Yvonne but every time he is around her he freezes. When Yvonne meets J.J. she instantly falls for him thus creating a sibling rivalry between Michael and J.J. Meanwhile, Florida must cope with the two fighting siblings and tries to explain to Michael what he is doing wrong.
676"Evans Versus Davis"Gerren KeithStory by : Coslough Johnson Teleplay by : Coslough Johnson and Sid DorfmanOctober 27, 1976 (1976-10-27)October 14, 1976
Alderman Davis makes a visit to the Evans' household wanting J.J. to speak at his re-election campaign. However, when J.J. refuses, an eviction notice is immediately handed to Florida. Soon, the Evans family is caught between a rock and a hard place when they must decide whether or not to stand up for their principles and be evicted or support a political shyster.
687"J.J.'s New Career: Part 1"Gerren KeithRoger Shulman & John BaskinNovember 10, 1976 (1976-11-10)August 19, 1976
After losing his job, J.J. tries his best to find another. However, when Bookman serves the Evans' family with an eviction notice due to late rent, J.J. decides to take a job offer from a couple of his shady friends. Meanwhile, Thelma contemplates dropping out of college to get a full-time job and help the family out.
698"J.J.'s New Career: Part 2"Gerren KeithRoger Shulman & John BaskinNovember 17, 1976 (1976-11-17)August 26, 1976
J.J. is in the money, now that he has a new job working with two friends in a gambling operation. However, little does he know, the gambling business also includes prostitution and drugs. Meanwhile, Florida demands some answers from J.J. and kicks him out when she learns what line of work he is now in.
709"Grandpa's Visit""Thanksgiving in Paradise?"Gerren KeithStory by : Kurt Taylor & Booker Bradshaw Teleplay by : Roger Shulman & John BaskinNovember 24, 1976 (1976-11-24)November 4, 1976
The family is looking forward to Grandpa Evans visiting for Thanksgiving dinner, but he has a surprise for them: he has a woman! And to make matters worse, she is staying with Grandpa! When Florida discovers this, she hits the roof and it soon becomes a battle over morals and this leads Grandpa to decide that the best thing to do is leave.
7110"Rich Is Better Than Poor...Maybe?"Gerren KeithAllan Manings & Norman PaulDecember 8, 1976 (1976-12-08)September 2, 1976
Florida, Willona, J.J., Thelma and Michael are all excited, having each purchased lottery tickets for the state lottery. Good luck strikes the family when J.J. wins the lottery, a total of $2500. However, the luck does not last long, as Thelma's friend Edna shows up with her sister, Rozzie, both wielding pistols and demanding the winning money.
7211"Florida's Night Out"Gerren KeithNorman & Harriet BelkinDecember 15, 1976 (1976-12-15)September 23, 1976
The kids feel Florida has been spending too much time alone and they decide to cancel their plans and spend an evening with her. But Florida surprises them all and goes out with Willona. Willona takes her to a local night spot where they have an exciting evening.
7312"The Judy Cohen Story"Gerren KeithNance McCormick & John DonleyDecember 22, 1976 (1976-12-22)October 14, 1976
J.J. is managing Michael's singing group and gets them a gig at a local tavern. When Florida learns that Michael may be performing in a tavern, she hits the roof and storms down there to put a stop to it, thus breaking up the act. While there, J.J. comes across Judith Cohen, an act whom he knows will hit it big, given the right exposure.

Note: Judith Cohen was the only celebrity ever to appear on Good Times as themselves.
7413"The Comedian and the Loan Sharks"Gerren KeithHugh Wedlock, Jr. & Jack MatchaJanuary 5, 1977 (1977-01-05)November 18, 1976
J.J. borrows money from a loan shark to back his talented new comedian, Tyrone. However, within days, two thugs come to collect their money, money that J.J. does not have. Time is running out as the pressure comes down on Tyrone, J.J. will get his money if Tyrone is good. However, at the last minute, Tyrone bails, leaving J.J. to do the show.
7514"The Hustle"Gerren KeithLevi TaylorJanuary 12, 1977 (1977-01-12)December 23, 1976
Florida is in a terrible mood, and takes it out on the kids, yelling at them to get the chores done. A cheerful Willona stops in and makes the announcement that she is off for a relaxing weekend in Lake Geneva. After hearing this, the kids go into the underwear selling business in order to raise enough money to send Florida on a much needed vacation to Lake Geneva.
76771516"Thelma's African Romance"Gerren KeithBob PeeteJanuary 19, 1977 (1977-01-19)December 9, 1976December 16, 1976
Thelma and her college friends are having a meeting to decide what to do about the school cafeteria, but things come to a head when the African exchange student, Ibe, starts making sexist remarks about "woman's work". They finally agree to have a picket, but on the day of the picket, the assistant dean ends up then suspending Thelma. Meanwhile, Thelma and Ibe begin seeing each other, resulting in Ibe asking her to move in with him. Florida hits the roof when Thelma announces her plans of moving in with Ibe. However, things begin moving a little bit too fast when Ibe asks her to marry him and move to Nigeria. At first Thelma is all for it, despite Florida insisting that she take time and go slow, but when Thelma discovers she may become part of a harem, she has second thoughts.

Guest Star: Vernee Watson-Johnson as Valerie
7817"Willona's Surprise""Dinner with My Ex"Gerren KeithAustin & Irma KalishJanuary 26, 1977 (1977-01-26)December 2, 1976
Willona gets a surprise for her birthday, a visit from her womanizing former husband, Ray. Ray does his best at convincing Willona that he has changed and she decides to try to start over with him. However, quickly his old ways surface and he begins making passes at Thelma.
7918"A Friend In Need"Gerren KeithRoger Shulman & John BaskinFebruary 2, 1977 (1977-02-02)January 13, 1977
When Florida's away for the weekend, J.J., Thelma and Michael throw a wild party and try to keep it from Willona, who is keeping an eye on them while their mother is away. However, the party gets even wilder than they had dreamed of when one of the guests takes an overdose of sleeping pills and J.J. has to keep him from falling asleep to save his life.
8019"A Stormy Relationship"Gerren KeithBruce Kalish & Ron SellzFebruary 9, 1977 (1977-02-09)January 20, 1977
Michael has gotten a part-time job working for Carl Dixon at his repair shop. However, Florida is horrified to learn that Michael is harboring atheist attitudes planted by his boss. This leads Florida to confront Michael's boss and get to the bottom of the situation.
8120"Florida and Carl"Gerren KeithJohn Baskin & Roger ShulmanFebruary 23, 1977 (1977-02-23)January 27, 1977
J.J., Thelma, Michael and Willona are all excited with the prospects of Florida beginning to date. However, Florida is reluctant to dive into the dating pool but agrees to go on a date with Carl Dixon. Once at the restaurant, she gets into an argument with him when they receive terrible service leading to him walking out.
8221"My Son, The Father"Gerren KeithSid DorfmanMarch 2, 1977 (1977-03-02)February 10, 1977
A father son dinner is being planned at Michael's school and J.J. is all excited about taking Michael to the dinner but when Michael breaks the news that he invited Carl to take him, J.J. storms out. Feeling as if the family no longer needs him, J.J. begins considering moving out on his own.
8322"J.J. in Business"Gerren KeithBob PeeteMarch 9, 1977 (1977-03-09)February 17, 1977
J.J., with the help of Carl, opens a greeting card business and has the entire family help with creating thoughtful greeting card sayings. However, when an accountant comes into look over the books, J.J. is in for a rude awakening, for he only has $68 in the bank. He finds this out just as he gets a huge order, which will cost him $2000. J.J. soon discovers that getting a loan is not going to be an easy task.

Guest star: Alice Ghostley as Ms. Austin
8423"Love Has a Spot On Its Lung: Part 1"Gerren KeithAustin & Irma Kalish and Allan ManingsMarch 23, 1977 (1977-03-23)February 24, 1977
Florida and Carl's relationship has gotten quite serious and Carl breaks the news to J.J., Thelma and Michael that he is planning on proposing marriage to Florida. However, after a visit to his doctor, Carl decides to break off the relationship, since he has been diagnosed with lung cancer.
8524"Love Has a Spot On Its Lung: Part 2"Gerren KeithRoger Shulman & John BaskinMarch 30, 1977 (1977-03-30)March 3, 1977
After Carl calls off his relationship with Florida, a furious J.J. confronts Carl, who makes up an excuse that a war injury in the groin is the reason why he is breaking up with Florida. Later, a drunken J.J. stays out all night with a drunken Carl, worrying Florida to death. Later, Carl reveals the truth to Florida and he proposes marriage and she readily accepts. Meanwhile, Bookman tries his best to get the Evans apartment re-painted, with the not-so helpful assistance of two lazy painters.

text: Season 5 (1977–78)[edit]

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868712"The Evans Get Involved: Part 1""Meet Penny: Part 1""The Evans Get Involved: Part 2""Meet Penny: Part 2"Gerren KeithAustin & Irma KalishSid DorfmanSeptember 21, 1977 (1977-09-21)August 11, 1977
When young Penny Gordon follows J.J. home, she tells the Evanses tall tales about her life without mentioning her abusive mother (Chip Fields). But when Penny changes into a dress, a stunned Willona and Thelma discover the girl's badly bruised back. Willona and the Evans children are convinced that Penny is being abused and discover that she has an injured arm, caused by her abusive mother, but the doctor who treats Penny refuses to believe that she is a victim of child abuse.

Note: This is the first appearance of Penny, played by Janet Jackson.
883"The Evans Get Involved: Part 3""The Solution"Gerren KeithLloyd Turner & Gordon MitchellSeptember 28, 1977 (1977-09-28)August 18, 1977
Willona and the Evanses are stunned to discover that Penny and her mother have moved, but soon find the girl hiding in the Evans apartment. Later, Penny's abusive mother abandons her, leaving Willona to ponder adopting the battered youth.
894"The Evans Get Involved: Part 4""The Final Final"Gerren KeithAustin & Irma KalishOctober 5, 1977 (1977-10-05)August 25, 1977
While Willona worries about the adoption, Bookman tries to help by telling the social worker (Alice Ghostley) that he is Willona's husband.
905"Thelma Moves Out"Gerren KeithMichael S. Baser & Kim WeiskopfOctober 12, 1977 (1977-10-12)September 8, 1977
Fed up with her brothers and her lack of privacy, Thelma moves in with three roommates.
916"Willona, The Fuzz"Gerren KeithStory by : Richard Freiman Teleplay by : Richard Freiman and Sid DorfmanOctober 19, 1977 (1977-10-19)September 15, 1977
Willona's new job in department-store security requires that she spy on changing rooms through a one-way mirror.

Guest stars: Conchata Ferrell and Gordon Jump
927"Wheels""J.J. and the Car"Gerren KeithStory by : Bill Freedman & Al Schwartz Teleplay by : Bill Freedman & Al Schwartz and Michael S. Baser & Kim WeiskopfNovember 2, 1977 (1977-11-02)September 29, 1977
J.J. and his friends buy Bookman's beat-up old car and argue over who gets to drive it.
938"Breaker, Breaker"Gerren KeithElroy SchwartzNovember 9, 1977 (1977-11-09)July 28, 1977
While using a CB radio, Michael makes a connection with a teenage paraplegic girl.
949"Bye-Bye Bookman"Gerren KeithRobert Wolterstorff & Paul BelousNovember 16, 1977 (1977-11-16)October 6, 1977
Fed up with Bookman's incompetence, Willona, Penny and the Evans kids start a petition that gets him fired.
9510"Thelma's Brief Encounter"Gerren KeithBruce Kalish & Phillip Wickham TaylorDecember 7, 1977 (1977-12-07)October 13, 1977
J.J., Willona and Michael suspect that Thelma's new boyfriend is married, but find that he is a former bigamist doing time in a halfway house.
9611"Requiem for a Wino"Gerren KeithLloyd Turner & Gordon MitchellDecember 14, 1977 (1977-12-14)October 20, 1977
When local wino Fishbone (Robert Guillaume) is mistakenly believed to have been killed, he attends his own wake dressed in drag as a mourner.
9712"Penny's Christmas"Gerren KeithRobert & Rosalind StevensonDecember 21, 1977 (1977-12-21)December 1, 1977
When Penny steals a necklace from a department store, Willona faces the possibility of losing custody of the girl.

Guest star: Alice Ghostley
9813"No More Mr. Nice Guy"Gerren KeithTom Dunsmuir & Dan WilcoxJanuary 4, 1978 (1978-01-04)November 17, 1977
J.J. assumes the role of father figure when Michael starts to slack off, prohibiting his brother from attending an awards dinner.
9914"Willona's Mr. Right"Gerren KeithLaura LevineJanuary 11, 1978 (1978-01-11)November 10, 1977
When Willona rejects an old boyfriend's proposal, Penny thinks she's holding Willona back and tries to run away.
10015"J.J. and the Boss' Daughter"Gerren KeithStory by : Kevin Hopps & Bob Baublitz Teleplay by : Kevin Hopps & Bob Baublitz and Michael S. Baser & Kim WeiskopfJanuary 18, 1978 (1978-01-18)December 8, 1977
J.J. dates his sexy new assistant, who is also the boss's daughter.
10116"Where There's Smoke"Gerren KeithBruce Kalish & Phillip Wickham TaylorJanuary 25, 1978 (1978-01-25)December 15, 1977
With a hole burned into a couch cushion, the Evans kids each flash back to their versions of how it happened.
10217"I Had a Dream"Gerren KeithJim RogersJanuary 30, 1978 (1978-01-30)November 3, 1977
Afraid he will be passed over for a promotion in favor of a white man, J.J. has a crazy dream in which he experiences being white.

Guest star: Sorrell Booke
10318"The Boarder"Gerren KeithDon SegallFebruary 6, 1978 (1978-02-06)December 22, 1977
The Evans fear that their new boarder may become the target of a hitman.
10419"J.J.'s Condition"Gerren KeithDusty Kay & Bill NussFebruary 13, 1978 (1978-02-13)January 19, 1978
J.J.'s relationship with a married woman gives him an ulcer.
10520"Willona, The Other Woman"Gerren KeithMichael G. MoyeFebruary 27, 1978 (1978-02-27)January 26, 1978
Already suspected of infidelity by his wife, Bookman is caught with Willona in a compromising situation.
10621"Something Old, Something New"Gerren KeithSid DorfmanMarch 13, 1978 (1978-03-13)January 12, 1978
James' father visits and proposes marriage to his neglected girlfriend.
10722"Willona's New Job"Gerren KeithMichael G. MoyeMarch 20, 1978 (1978-03-20)February 16, 1978
Willona reconsiders her marriage plans when she hears her boyfriend's old-fashioned views on marriage and women in the workplace.
10823"Write On Thelma"Gerren KeithJudi Ann MasonMarch 27, 1978 (1978-03-27)February 9, 1978
Thelma's play is selected as a local theater's latest production, but not without a flurry of changes demanded by the theater's owner (Jane Connell).
10924"That's Entertainment, Evans Style"Gerren KeithKim Weiskopf & Michael S. BaserApril 3, 1978 (1978-04-03)February 23, 1978
With J.J. out of town, the Evanses put on a talent show to save a local daycare center.

Guest star: Gary Coleman

text: Season 6 (1978–79)[edit]

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11011112"Florida's Homecoming: Part 1""Florida's Homecoming: Part 2"Gerren KeithStory by : Michael S. Baser & Kim Weiskopf and Norman PaulTeleplay: Michael S. Baser & Kim WeiskopfStory: Joe Bonaduce and Norman Paul Teleplay by : Sid Dorfman and Joe BonaduceSeptember 16, 1978 (1978-09-16)July 27, 1978
Thelma accepts a marriage proposal from college football star Keith Anderson, who is negotiating a lucrative NFL contract. Florida arrives home after hearing of Thelma's engagement, but J.J. loses his job.
1123"Florida's Homecoming: Part 3""The Wedding"Gerren KeithStory by : Norman Paul Teleplay by : Wayne Kline & Sid DorfmanSeptember 23, 1978 (1978-09-23)August 3, 1978
To pay for the wedding, J.J. takes a loan from Sweet Daddy Williams. But while walking down the aisle, Keith injures his knee.
1134"Florida's Homecoming: Part 4""United We Stand"Gerren KeithStory by : Norman Paul and Bruce Howard & Joe Bonaduce Teleplay by : Bruce Howard & Joe BonaduceSeptember 30, 1978 (1978-09-30)August 10, 1978
The day after the wedding tragedy, Florida rallies the family together while Sweet Daddy Williams comes calling for his payment.

Guest star: Bubba Smith as Claude
1145"Florida Gets a Job"Gerren KeithMichael G. MoyeOctober 7, 1978 (1978-10-07)August 31, 1978
Florida competes with a relative of Alderman Davis for a job as a school-bus driver.

Guest star: Gary Coleman
1156"Stomach Mumps""Penny and the Facts of Life"Gerren KeithMichael G. MoyeOctober 14, 1978 (1978-10-14)August 24, 1978
When Penny's 13-year-old friend becomes pregnant, Willona tells Penny that the friend has "stomach mumps".
1167"J.J. The Teacher""J.J.'s Favorite Student"Gerren KeithMark FinkOctober 21, 1978 (1978-10-21)September 14, 1978
J.J.'s art student has a violent father (Hal Williams) who refuses to allow his son to take the lessons.
1178"Michael's Decision"Gerren KeithStory by : Norman Paul Teleplay by : Gene FarmerNovember 18, 1978 (1978-11-18)September 21, 1978
Michael plans to move in with a white female roommate whose parents' attitudes make him reconsider.

Note: In this episode, Florida makes a quick reference to John Amos playing Kunta Kinte on Roots.
1189"J.J. and the Plumber's Helper"Gerren KeithMichael G. MoyeDecember 2, 1978 (1978-12-02)October 12, 1978
Vanessa Blake (Sheryl Lee Ralph) is back in town. She and J.J. used to be an item, and he can't seem to break the news to Vanessa that he lost his job. Meanwhile, Bookman has a new assistant named Teresa a/k/a T.C. (Bever-Leigh Banfield), who he constantly mistreats. She falls for J.J., but he only has Vanessa on his mind.
11910"The Witness"Gerren KeithStory by : Bruce Howard Teleplay by : Bruce Howard and Joe BonaduceDecember 9, 1978 (1978-12-09)September 28, 1978
J.J. is the only witness to a terrible car accident involving a taxi cab and Savannah Morgan, Sweet Daddy Williams' girlfriend. Sweet Daddy shows up and pressures J.J. into saying that the accident was the taxi cab's fault. Things take a very serious turn when he finds out that Keith was the driver of the taxi cab and Savannah hit the cab.
12011"The Snow Storm"Gerren KeithBud Slocomb & Len RileyDecember 13, 1978 (1978-12-13)November 16, 1978
A snowstorm hits Chicago and Florida gets stuck in it with her school bus. This leads her and the kids on the bus to take refuge in an abandoned building to keep warm.

Guest star: Kim Fields
12112"The Traveling Christmas""Christmas in a Cab"Gerren KeithStory by : Sid Dorfman Teleplay by : Norman Paul and Wayne KlineDecember 20, 1978 (1978-12-20)November 30, 1978
When Keith's Scrooge-like boss at the taxi-cab company will not give him Christmas off, the Evans family brings their Christmas party to Keith and holds at the company. J.J. hosts the festivities and it features Michael singing, Bookman (dressed as Santa) dancing, Keith doing impersonations & the girls (Florida, Penny, Willona & Thelma) portraying "The Pointless Sisters" doing "Steam Heat".
12213"House Hunting"Gerren KeithGene FarmerJanuary 3, 1979 (1979-01-03)October 19, 1978
The Evans family has found the perfect home to move into and plan on taking out a loan to pay for it. However, they quickly find, as usual, that that's easier said than done, when they run into trouble trying to persuade the banker.
12314"Florida's Favorite Passenger: Part 1"Gerren KeithMichael G. MoyeMay 23, 1979 (1979-05-23)October 26, 1978
A student whom Florida drives to school on her bus becomes the center of attention when Florida discovers he has a hearing problem and his mother refuses to believe Florida's suspicions.
12415"Florida's Favorite Passenger: Part 2"Gerren KeithMichael G. MoyeMay 30, 1979 (1979-05-30)November 9, 1978
After a near fatal accident, Larry's mother finally realizes that Larry has a hearing problem. Unable to take him to the doctor because she has to work, Mrs. Baker allows Florida to take him to the doctor, which is where Larry makes the announcement that he plans on running away from home.
12516"Blood Will Tell"Gerren KeithAnthony and Celia BonaduceJune 6, 1979 (1979-06-06)January 18, 1979
Sweet Daddy Williams sends his hoods to snatch J.J. from his home and bring him to the hospital. His reasons: J.J. is the only person they could find that matches Sweet Daddy's blood type and Sweet Daddy is in dire need of a blood transfusion.
12617"Where Have All the Doctors Gone?"Gerren KeithStory by : Carmen Finestra Teleplay by : Mark Fink and J. A. MasonJune 13, 1979 (1979-06-13)February 15, 1979
When Willona goes out of town, she leaves Penny in Florida's care. Shortly after, Penny comes down with a virus and Florida takes her down to the free clinic to be examined. Florida quickly comes face to face with the hard-nosed doctor (Paula Kelly) who is out of touch with the people in the ghetto and also planning to leave, right in the middle of what seems to be an epidemic.
12718"J.J. and T.C."Gerren KeithWayne Kline & Mark FinkJune 20, 1979 (1979-06-20)March 8, 1979
A tomboy who has been helping out Bookman, wants J.J. to ask her to a dance. However, J.J. thinks of her as just one of the guys, that is until he has an encounter with her at a seedy pick-up bar.

Guest star:Paul Mooney
12819"The Art Contest"Gerren KeithJoe BonaduceJune 27, 1979 (1979-06-27)December 21, 1978
J.J. is teaching art classes and one of his students, Emily, has great promise and skill with her paintings. It seems that J.J.'s painting is selected for a contest, and J.J. makes this mistake of asking Bookman to take it downtown for him but he takes Emily's painting to the contest by mistake! J.J. wins first prize for the painting and soon must decide whether or not to take credit for something he did not do.
12920"The Physical""Florida's Physical"Gerren KeithBud Slocomb & Len RileyJuly 11, 1979 (1979-07-11)January 25, 1979
Florida discovers she must take and pass a physical examination to keep her bus driving job. However, the night before her physical is utter chaos ending with Michael landing in jail.
13021"A Matter of Mothers"Gerren KeithStory by : Jacqueline Henken Teleplay by : Michael G. MoyeJuly 18, 1979 (1979-07-18)February 1, 1979
Willona's latest boyfriend, Jeffrey, has been showering her and Penny with extravagant gifts even though they've only been seeing one another for a couple months. Little does Willona know, that he is part of a plan to make Willona look like an unfit mother, a plan engineered by Penny's scheming birth mother. Mrs. Gordon, who had married into a wealthy family, supposedly busts Willona in giving a disorderly party in front of a minor, but she herself gets busted when Penny accidentally records Mrs. Gordon's voice admitting that it was all a set up to take Penny back. However, a tearful Penny outright rejects her birth mother and remains with her real mother, Willona.
13122"The End of the Rainbow"Gerren KeithWayne Kline & Mark FinkAugust 1, 1979 (1979-08-01)March 1, 1979
This final episode brings all too good news for the Evans family. J.J. gets an offer from a comic company, Keith's bad knee is miraculously healed and he is offered another football contract. Florida is asked if she wants to move in with Keith and Thelma in the fancy apartment building across town where Willona happens to be moving and she just so happens to be her future next door neighbor. Meanwhile Thelma learns she is pregnant and she reveals it to Keith and the family. (Final episode of the series).
13223"The Evans' Dilemma"Gerren KeithStory by : Cecil M. Brown Teleplay by : Cecil M. Brown and Michael G. MoyeSeptember 18, 1979 (1979-09-18)December 14, 1978
Keith's search for a job results in strange behavior that everyone plainly points out is not just frustration, but rather a bigger problem. Little does anyone know, Keith has developed a serious drinking problem.

Note: This episode appeared only in syndication after the show's original run ended.
13324"Cousin Raymond"Gerren KeithWalter Smith & Bill DukeJanuary 30, 1980 (1980-01-30)February 22, 1979
Florida has a surprise visit from her cousin, Raymond (Calvin Lockhart), who has hit it big and gives each member of the family an expensive gift. However, Florida is reluctant to accept her gift of an expensive three room apartment, when she learns just how Raymond makes his money.

Note: This episode appeared only in syndication after the show's original run ended.