document_title: To Have and Have Not (film)

question_text: who played cricket in to have and have not

text: To Have and Have Not (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the summer of 1940, world-weary Harry Morgan (Humphrey Bogart) operates a small fishing-boat in Fort-de-France, on the French colony of Martinique. It is not long since the fall of France and the island is controlled by pro-German Vichy France. Harry makes a modest living chartering his fishing boat to tourists, along with his unofficial mate Eddie (Walter Brennan). Eddie is Harry's close friend and one time trusted co-worker, but he has of late succumbed to heavy drinking. The island is a tinder-box of dissent, harboring many people sympathetic to Free France.

text: At his hotel home, hotel owner Gérard (Marcel Dalio) (known as "Frenchy" to English speakers) urges Harry to help the French Resistance by smuggling some people off the island. Harry steadfastly refuses, choosing to keep aloof from the current political situation. Also at the hotel, he meets Marie ("Slim") Browning (Lauren Bacall), a young American wanderer who has recently arrived in Martinique. An accomplished singer, she sings "How Little We Know" with pianist Cricket (Hoagy Carmichael) in the hotel bar.

text: Harry's current charter client, Johnson (Walter Sande), owes Harry $825. Johnson insists he hasn't enough ready money, but promises to get the funds when the banks open the next day. In the hotel bar, Harry notices Slim pick Johnson's pocket and he later forces her to hand over the wallet. On inspection the wallet is found to contain $1,400 in traveler's cheques and a plane ticket for early the next morning (before the banks are open). On returning the wallet to Johnson, Harry demands that Johnson sign the traveler's cheques to pay him immediately. But just then, there is a shootout in front of the hotel between police and the Resistance, and Johnson is killed by a stray bullet. The police take Harry and several others for questioning, and seize Harry's passport and money.

text: Back at the hotel, Gérard offers to hire Harry and his boat for one night to transport Resistance members Paul de Bursac (Walter Surovy) and his wife Hélène (Dolores Moran). Now effectively penniless, Harry reluctantly accepts Gérard's offer. Meanwhile, a romance has been developing between Harry and Slim, the latter of whom feels that Harry changed his mind about the smuggling to help her out.[4] Her suspicions are bolstered by the fact that Harry has used some of the money he earned in transporting the fugitives to buy her a plane ticket back to America.

text: Harry picks up the Bursacs, but his boat is seen and fired upon by a police patrol boat. His passenger Paul is wounded, but Harry manages an escape by turning his boat into the fog. On returning to the hotel, he learns that Slim has not used the ticket he purchased for her and instead has stayed in Martinique to be with him. The Bursacs are holed-up in the basement of the hotel and at Frenchy's request, Harry removes the bullet from Bursac's shoulder. He learns that the Bursacs have come to help a man escape from the penal colony at Devil's Island. Bursac asks for Harry's assistance in this operation, but Harry respectfully turns him down.[5]

text: The police reveal that they recognized Harry's boat the previous night, and that they have Eddie in custody. Exploiting his addiction to alcohol, they plan to withhold liquor until he reveals the details of the smuggling plot. His friend in custody and his back against the wall, Harry decides to act; with Slim's help, Harry turns the tables on the police. He holds Captain Renard (Dan Seymour) at gunpoint and forces him to order Eddie's release and to sign harbor passes. When Eddie returns, Harry, Eddie, Slim, and the Bursacs all escape on Harry's boat; Harry having agreed to help the Bursacs in their mission.[6]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Humphrey Bogart as Harry "Steve" Morgan
Walter Brennan as Eddie
Lauren Bacall as Marie "Slim" Browning
Dolores Moran as Mme Hélène de Bursac
Hoagy Carmichael as Cricket
Sheldon Leonard as Lieutenant Coyo
Walter Surovy as Paul de Bursac
Marcel Dalio as Gérard (Frenchy)
Walter Sande as Johnson, Harry's charter client
Dan Seymour as Capitaine Renard
Aldo Nadi as Renard's bodyguard
Paul Marion as Beauclère
Eugene Borden as Quartermaster
Patricia Shay as Mrs. Beauclère
Emmett Smith as Bartender
Pat West as Bartender

text: Production[edit]

text: Howard Hughes sold the book rights to independent director Howard Hawks, who sold them to Warner Bros. Although Hawks had a high regard for Hemingway's works in general, he considered To Have and Have Not to be his worst book, a "bunch of junk", and told Hemingway so.[7][8]

text: Hawks and Hemingway worked on the screenplay together. The film preserves the book's title, and the names and characteristics of some of the characters, but nothing from beyond the first fifth of the volume. Another novelist William Faulkner, an intense rival of Hemingway, but "out of print and broke", also worked on the script.[9] The screenplay was developed further by Jules Furthman and, near the end, by Faulkner.[10]

text: As the movie was filmed during World War II, Hawks moved the setting from Cuba to Vichy-controlled Martinique to placate the Roosevelt administration. They objected to the unfavorable portrayal of Cuba's government as against the government's "Good Neighbor" policy toward Latin American nations. This change created many similarities to the plot of Bogart's earlier, highly successful Casablanca (1942). Other changes tended in the same direction, such as the introduction of a sympathetic piano player as an important supporting character. Carmichael's Cricket was not in the Hemingway book but Dooley Wilson's Sam was a character in Casablanca. Several cast members from Casablanca also appear in the film; apart from Bogart and Dalio (Emil in Casablanca), Dan Seymour (Abdul in Casablanca) plays Captain Renard, whose name and position parallel Captain Renault in Casablanca. As in Casablanca, Bogart's initially reluctant character assists husband-and-wife resistance members.

text: Lauren Bacall was then a 19-year-old model. She appeared on the cover of Harper's Bazaar, and was noticed by Hawks' wife, Nancy "Slim" Keith, who showed the cover photo to her husband. Hawks sought Bacall out and signed her for the role, her first movie appearance. In the movie, Harry calls her by the nickname "Slim", and she calls him "Steve", the nicknames used between Keith and Hawks.

text: After filming began, a romance developed between Bogart and Bacall, despite Hawks' disapproval. Not only was Bogart married but, at 45, he was more than twice Bacall's age. This romance eventually led to Bogart divorcing Mayo Methot, his third wife. He and Bacall later married.

text: Hawks expanded Bacall's part to take advantage of the Bogart-Bacall chemistry. According to the documentary, "A Love Story: The Story of To Have and Have Not", included on the 2003 DVD release, Hawks recognized the star-making potential of the film for Bacall. He emphasized her role and downplayed that of Dolores Moran, the film's other female lead. (Hawks and Moran had their own affair during production).[11] Some of Bacall's lines became renowned as double entendre; for instance, "You know how to whistle, don't you, Steve? You just put your lips together and ... blow ..." (said while looking at him provocatively). This quote is ranked at #34 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes list.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports 97% approval of To Have or Have Not, with the critical consensus stated as, "With Howard Hawks directing and Bogey and Bacall in front of the cameras, To Have and Have Not benefits from several levels of fine-tuned chemistry -- all of which ignite on screen."[12]

text: Music[edit]

text: Cricket, the piano player in the hotel bar, was played by real-life songwriter and band leader Hoagy Carmichael. In the course of the movie, Cricket and Slim perform "How Little We Know", by Carmichael and Johnny Mercer, and "Am I Blue?", by Harry Akst and Grant Clarke. Cricket and the band also perform "Hong Kong Blues", by Carmichael and Stanley Adams. "The Rhumba Jumps", by Mercer and Carmichael, is performed by the hotel band. Bacall shimmies out at the end of the movie to a faster "How Little We Know".[13]

text: A persistent myth is that a teenage Andy Williams, the future singing star, dubbed the singing for Bacall. According to authoritative sources, including Hawks and Bacall, this was not true. Williams and some female singers were tested to dub for Bacall, because of fears that she lacked the necessary vocal skills. But those fears were overshadowed by the desire to have Bacall do her own singing (perhaps championed by Bogart) despite her less than perfect vocal talent.[14] This myth is disputed in Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide entry for this film, but the myth is propagated in a 1986 episode of MacGyver, entitled "Three for the Road", when the character of a veteran movie asks his wife this particular question, whereupon she answers that Andy Williams, when 14, did dub the voice for Lauren Bacall.

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: To Have and Have Not was adapted as an hour-long radio play for Lux Radio Theater, with Bogart and Bacall reprising their screen roles. It was broadcast on October 14, 1946.[15]

text: Warner Brothers adapted the novel a second time, in the 1950 film The Breaking Point. This screenplay stayed closer to the novel; it bore little resemblance to the 1944 film.


document_title: List of countries by proven oil reserves

question_text: who has the largest oil reserves in the world 2015

root

text: Countries[edit]

text: Reserves amounts are listed in millions of barrels (MMbbl).

tag: p

text:
Proven reserves (millions of barrels)
U.S. EIA (start of 2017)[1]
OPEC (end of 2015)[2]
BP (end of 2015)[3]
Other

Country
Rank
Reserves
Rank
Reserves
Rank
Reserves
Source/Date
Reserves

 Venezuela (see: Oil reserves in Venezuela)
1
300,878
1
300,878
1
300,900

 Saudi Arabia (see: Oil reserves in Saudi Arabia)
2
266,455
2
266,455
2
266,600

 Canada (see: Oil reserves in Canada)
3
169,709
26
4,118[4]
3
172,200
Natural Resources Canada, end 2014[5]
171,000

 Iran (see: Oil reserves in Iran)
4
158,400
3
158,400
4
157,800

 Iraq (see: Oil reserves in Iraq)
5
142,503
4
142,503
5
143,100

 Kuwait (see: Oil reserves in Kuwait)
6
101,500
5
101,500
7
101,500

 UAE (see: Oil reserves in the United Arab Emirates)
7
97,800
6
97,800
8
97,800

 Russia (see: Oil reserves in Russia)
8
80,000
7
80,000
6
102,400

 Libya (see: Oil reserves in Libya)
9
74,000
8
74,363
9
78,400

 United States (see: Oil reserves in the United States)
10
39,230
10
36,685
10
55,000
ENI, end of 2015[6]
43,629

 Nigeria (see: Oil reserves in Nigeria)
11
37,062
9
37,062
11
37,100

 Kazakhstan
12
30,000
11
30,000
12
30,000

 China
13
25,620
13
25,132
14
18,500

 Qatar
14
25,244
12
25,244
13
25,244

 Brazil
15
12,999
14
16,184
15
13,000
ENI, end of 2015[6]
16,848

 Algeria
16
12,200
15
12,200
17
12,200

 Angola
17 / 18
8,273
17
9,524
16
12,700

 Ecuador
17 / 18
8,273
18
8,273
19 / 20
8,000

 Mexico (see: Oil reserves in Mexico)
19
7,640
16
9,711
18
10,800
PEMEX[7] Start of 2015
9.700

 Azerbaijan
20
7,000
19
7,000
21
7,000

 Norway
21
6,611
33
5,139
19 / 20
8,000

 Oman
22
5,373
21
5,306
23
5,300

 India
23
4,621
20
5,680
22
5,680
ENI, end of 2015[6]
5,692

 Sudan/South Sudan
24
5,000
32
5,000
24
Sudan 1,500 / S. Sudan 3,500

 Vietnam
25 / 26
4,400
24 / 25
4,400
25
4,000

 Egypt
25 / 26
4,400
24 / 25
4,400
29
3,500

 Malaysia
27
3,600
28
3,750
27 / 28
3,600
ENI, end of 2015[6]
5,542

 Indonesia
28
3,230
29
3,230
27 / 28
3,600
ENI, end of 2015[6]
3,497

 Yemen
29
3,000

30
3,000

 United Kingdom
30
2,564
30
2,755
31
2,800
UK Oil & Gas Authority, end 2015[8]
2,618

 Syria
31 / 32
2,500
31
2,500
32
2,500

 Uganda
31 / 32
2,500

 Argentina
33
2,185
32
2,380
33
2,400
Argentine Petroleum Institute[9]
2,330

 Colombia
34
2,002
33
2,308
34
2,300

 Gabon
35
2,000
34
2,000
35
2,000

 Congo, Republic of the (Brazzaville)
36
1,600

36
1,600

 Australia
37
1,821
27
3,982
26
4,000
Geoscience Australia[10] end of 2014
4,002

 Chad
38
1,500

37
1,500

 Brunei
39 / 40
1,100
35
1,100
39 / 40
1,100

 Equatorial Guinea
39 / 40
1,100

39 / 40
1,100

 Peru
41
473

38
1,400
ENI, end of 2015[6]
1,489

 Trinidad and Tobago
42
243

41
700
ENI, end of 2015[6]
830

 Ghana (see: Oil reserves in Ghana)
43
660

 Turkmenistan
44 / 45
600
36
600
42 / 46
600

 Romania
44 / 45
600

42 / 46
600

 Uzbekistan
46
594
37
594
42 / 46
600

 Italy
47
557

42 / 46
600
ENI, end of 2015[6]
595

 Denmark
48
491
38
511
42 / 46
600
ENI, end of 2015[6]
550

 Tunisia
49
425

47 / 48
400

 Thailand
50
396

47 / 48
400

 Ukraine
51
395
39
395

 Turkey
52
389

ENI, end of 2015[6]
284

 Pakistan
53
350

ENI, end of 2015[6]
236

 Bolivia
54
211

ENI, end of 2015[6]
210

 Cameroon
55
200

 Belarus
56
198
40
198

 Congo, Democratic Republic of the (Kinshasa)
57
180

 Albania
58
168

 Papua New Guinea
59
159

ENI, end of 2015[6]
158

 Chile
60 / 61
150

 Niger
60 / 61
150

 Spain
60 / 61
150

 Germany
62
145

ENI, end of 2015[6]
229

 Philippines
63 / 64
139

 Myanmar
63 / 64
139

 Poland
65
138

ENI, end of 2015[6]
151

 Bahrain
66
125

 Cuba (see: Oil reserves in Cuba)
67
124

ENI, end of 2015[6]
124

 Netherlands
68
113

ENI, end of 2015[6]
141

 Ivory Coast
69
100

 Suriname
70
83.9

 Guatemala
71
83.1

 France
72
72.4

 Serbia
73
77.5

 Croatia
74
71.0

 New Zealand
75
56.9

 Japan
76
44.1

 Austria
77
43.0

 Kyrgyzstan
78
40.0

 Georgia
79
35.0

 Bangladesh
80
28.0

 Hungary
81
25.1

ENI, end of 2015[6]
35

 Mauritania
82
20.0

 Bulgaria
83 / 85
15.0

 Czech Republic
83 / 85
15.0

 South Africa
83 / 85
15.0

 Israel
86
12.7

ENI, end of 2015[6]
12

 Lithuania
87 / 88
12.0

 Tajikistan
87 / 88
12.0

 Greece
89
10.0

 Slovakia
90
9.00

 Benin
91
8.00

 Belize
92
6.70

 Taiwan
93
2.38

 Barbados
94
2.08

 Jordan
95
1.00

ENI, end of 2015[6]
1

 Morocco
96
0.68

 Ethiopia
97
0.43

 Afghanistan

0

US Geological Survey[11]
80

World total

1,726,685

1,481,526

1,697,600

tag: table

text: Different sources[edit]

text: Sources sometimes differ on the volume of proven oil reserves. The differences sometimes result from different classes of oil included, and sometimes result from different definitions of proven.

text: Comparison of proven oil reserves from some widely used sources (billions of barrels, as of 31 Dec. 2014/1 Jan. 2015)

text:
Source
Canada
Iran
Russia
Saudi Arabia
United States
Venezuela

BP[12]
172.9
157.8
103.2
267.0
48.5
298.3

OPEC[13]
4.2[4]
157.5
80.0
266.6
36.5
300.0

US Central Intelligence Agency[14]
171.0
157.8
103.2
268.3
36.5
298.4

US Energy Information Administration[15]
172.5
157.8
80.0
268.3
39.9
298.4


document_title: The Kid from the Big Apple

question_text: the kid from the big apple filming location

text: The Kid from the Big Apple

text: Plot[edit]

text: Sarah reluctantly moved to Malaysia to stay with a grandfather whom she had never met before as her mother had to visit China to resolve work-related problems. Initially, Sarah refused to adapt to her grandfather's traditional cultural practice, such as eating chicken feet for breakfast, and the local community who she thought were disgusting. Despite the best efforts of her grandfather to re-create a familiar environment for Sarah by recreating western dishes that Sarah is familiar with using local substitutes, Sarah only ate chips that she brought over from New York and refused to communicate with her grandfather.

text: Defeated, Sarah's grandfather turned to Ah Bao, a neighbour who claims to speak English, to translate his instructions in Chinese and Cantonese to Sarah. Annoyed but later amused at his poor command of English, Sarah starts to take an interest in the surrounding neighbourhood. She also reveals that she can actually understand and speak Chinese, much to her grandfather's relief. Slowly, she starts interacting with the children around the neighbourhood, who included her in their activities, and starts adapting to the local environment. She also began to interact with her grandfather and a bond starts to form between them.

text: Between the scenes of interactions between Sarah and her grandfather, there were also flashbacks that revealed the strained relationship between Sarah's mother and grandfather. It was revealed that Sarah's mother, unmarried and pregnant with Sarah, had a strong argument with her father (Sarah's grandfather) who was strongly against her moving to New York City to live with her boyfriend. She disregarded his advice and ran away from home, never contacting him for decades while perusing a career as a fashion designer whilst balancing her role of a single mother after Sarah's father abandoned her.

text: Over time, the bond between Sarah and her grandfather deepened, despite occasional tension created by differences between her contemporary, social media-influenced lifestyle and her grandfather's conservative values. Sarah had warmed to the community so much that as the time draws closer to her departure, she became reluctant to leave. Above all, she did not want to leave her grandfather alone, as she had learnt of his various health ailments that he had hid from everyone over the years. Sarah thus prodded her grandfather to embrace new media so that she could communicate with him overseas and also tried desperately to get her mother and grandfather to reconcile.

text: Before Sarah's departure, Sarah's grandfather got Ah Bao to film a video to give to Sarah's mother when he dies. Inside, he apologized for not being a good father, his admiration for raising Sarah single-handedly as well as him bequeathing assets to her and Sarah. Ah Bao, defying his promise to keep the video secret, sends the touching video to Sarah's mother. Touched by his words, Sarah's mother hurriedly returns home and reconciles with her father after many years of estrangement.

text: It was shown in the film's closing credits that Sarah's grandfather flew to New York together with Sarah and her mother.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sarah Tan Qin Lin (of Kampilan films) as Sarah Lim Si Jia
Ti Lung as Lim Chun Gen, Sarah's grandfather
Jessica Hsuan as Sophia Lin, Sarah's mother
Jayson Tan as Ah Bao, Sarah's friend
Lenna Lim as Ivy

tag: ul

text: Themes[edit]

text: The director herself stated that The Kid from the Big Apple was about family values and wanted to convey the message of filial piety through the film.[2] Specifically, she wanted to portray the importance of communication between grandparents and their grandchildren.[2] The importance of father-daughter relationships is also conveyed in the film.[3] Actress Sarah Tan said that "I think after watching this, you will think of home as well".[4] For promoting family values, The Kid from the Big Apple won the Special Jury Awards at the 28th edition of the Malaysian Film Festival.[2]

text: Teong also portrayed traditional Malaysian practices in this film as a reaction to her perception that the "actual (Malaysian traditional) culture and tradition is being forgotten and ignored, just for the sake of making profit".[1] As such, the film was completely filmed in Malaysia and features traditional cultural practices, superstitions and dialects.[1] However, the show was deliberately not "too Malaysian" as the director felt that the film had the potential for an overseas release.[1]

text: Production[edit]

text: The Kid from the Big Apple is the directorial debut of Jess Teong, who had previously worked in the entertainment industry as a singer, model, actress and film producer at various stages in her career. The film was conceived because Teong felt angry about the rampant over-reliance of smartphones and over-commercialization of local cultural practices in Malaysia after returning to Malaysia from an overseas work stint. Thus, the script of the movie was partly influenced by its director's own childhood experience.[1]

text: After almost 2 years of searching for a suitable child actress to portray Sarah, she met Qin Lin, and felt that she was perfectly suited for this role. This was because Qin Lin had both met Teong's criteria such as "not being too technical with her acting" and had the appropriate personality for the role. However, Teong had to spend 2 months training Qin Lin to prepare her for her bilingual role. The role is Qin Lin's first role in a full-length feature film. She had previously made her acting debut on Astro Xiao Tai Yang in 2014.[4]

text: Most of the scenes in The Kid from the Big Apple were filmed at an apartment block in Taman Yulek, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur.[1]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Kid from the Big Apple made its debut at the 7th Macau International Movie Festival in December 2015, where it won several film awards.[5] The film made its cinematic debut in its home market of Malaysia and Singapore on 10 March 2016.[6] It was subsequently released internationally in Taiwan and Hong Kong on 11 March 2016 and 21 April 2016 respectively.[5]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical Response[edit]

text: The film received mixed reviews by film critics. The South China Morning Post gave the film a score of 3 out of 5, stating that "this movie is really less interested in conflicts than it is the feel-good, and ultimately cathartic, reconciliation process" and described it as a "fish-out-of-water comedy". However, it did praise the "heartfelt performances by both Ti and Tan" and said that "this poignant family reunion movie will delight its less sceptical viewers.".[7]

text: Mypaper was more positive, describing the film as "heartwarming".[3] It also praised the acting of the child actors, and in particular, Sarah's acting, which it described as "on point" and "quite touching".[3] Jeremy Cheong, who wrote for Malaysia's The Sun newspaper, liked the film's " really good pacing and a nice mix of comedy, a little bit of action and heart-tugging moments" and also praised the cast, whose "great chemistry" he credited for helping to "make each scene feel more believable".[8] However, he took issue with "the blatant hard-selling of a certain sponsor’s product" which he felt "could have been avoided".[8]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result
Recipient

2015
7th Macau International Movie Festival[9]
Golden Lotus Award for Best Actor
Won
Ti Lung

Golden Lotus Award for Best Supporting Actress
Won
Jessica Hsuan

Golden Lotus Award for Best Newcomer
Won
Tan Qi Ling

Golden Lotus Award for Best Writing
Won
Zhang Juexi

2016
28th Malaysian Film Festival[2]
Best Child Actor
Won
Tan Qi Ling

Special Jury Awards
Won
The Kid from the Big Apple


document_title: Tiger bread

question_text: what is put on top of tiger bread

question_tokens: what is put on top of tiger bread

text: Tiger bread

text:
Tiger bread
Tiger bread rollsType
BreadPlace of origin
NetherlandsMain ingredients
sesame oil, bread, Rice paste
 Cookbook: Tiger bread   Media: Tiger bread

text: Tiger bread (also sold as Dutch crunch in the US and sometimes Giraffe bread in the United Kingdom) is the commercial name for a loaf of bread which has a mottled crust.

text: Crust[edit]

text: The bread is generally made with sesame oil, which gives it a distinct aroma, and with a pattern baked into the top made by painting rice paste onto the surface prior to baking.[1] The paste dries and cracks during the baking process. The rice paste crust also gives the bread a distinctive flavour. It has a crusty exterior, but is soft inside. Typically, tiger bread is made as a white bread bloomer loaf or bread roll, but the technique can be applied to any shape of bread.

text: Other names[edit]

text: The name originated in the Netherlands, where it is known as tijgerbrood or tijgerbol (tiger roll), and where it has been sold at least since the early 1970s.[citation needed]  The US supermarket chain Wegmans sells it as "Marco Polo" bread.[2]

text: In January 2012, the UK supermarket chain Sainsbury's announced that they would market the product under the name "giraffe bread", after a three-year-old girl wrote to the company to suggest it.[3]


document_title: Gun laws in Missouri

question_text: how old do you have to be to have a concealed carry permit in missouri

text: Gun laws in Missouri

text: Summary table[edit]

text:
Subject/Law
Long Guns
Handguns
Relevant Statutes
Notes

Permit to purchase required?
No
No

Firearm registration?
No
No

Owner license required?
No
No

Carry permits required ?
No
No

Missouri is a "shall issue" state for concealed carry. Permitless carry took effect on January 1, 2017.[3]

Open carry permitted?
Yes
Yes

Open carry is permitted. As of October 11, 2014, a valid CCW overrides local laws against Open Carry, state wide.

State preemption of local restrictions?
Yes
Yes

Local governments are allowed to regulate open carry and the discharge of firearms (except in self defense); however, ccw permit holders are exempt from ordinances banning open carry.[4]

Assault weapon law?
No
No

Magazine Capacity Restriction?
No
No

NFA weapons restricted?
No
No

Peaceable journey law?
Yes
Yes

Background checks required for private sales?
No
No

text: Concealed carry[edit]

text: Missouri Statute 571.070 (8/28/2007) says that it is unlawful for a felon or adjudged incompetent Person to have possession of any firearm (including concealable firearms). Violation of this law is a class D felony.[5] This law was the subject of a challenge, in which a nonviolent felon successfully argued that the law is unconstitutional as applied to him. The law failed muster against the required strict scrutiny test.[6][7] However, the law was found to be constitutional by the Supreme Court of Missouri.[8]

text: Missouri law exempts the possession of antique firearms, as defined in 18 U.S.C. Section 921, from the provision that specifies a person commits the crime of unlawful possession of a firearm if he or she is a convicted felon possessing a firearm.[5]

text: Missouri Statute 571.121 (8/28/2007) says that: (a) You have to carry your permit with you when you carry the concealed weapon, and if you don't have it with you, it is not a crime, but you can be fined up to $35; and that (b) County sheriffs issue a state CCW I.D. that reflects that you can carry concealed.[9]

text: In September 2014, Missouri lawmakers passed SB 656 allowing specially trained school employees to carry concealed guns on campuses. It also allows anyone with a concealed weapons permit to carry guns openly in cities or towns with bans against the open carrying of firearms. The age to obtain a concealed weapons permit was also dropped from 21 to 19 [See 2014 Senate Bill 656]. Missouri became the 10th state to pass legislation allowing armed school employees since the mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut, in 2012.[10] The bill was initially vetoed by Gov. Nixon, but the Missouri legislature overrode the veto during the September veto session.[11]

text: In September 2016, another Senate bill coincidentally numbered SB 656 was passed allowing permitless concealed carry by anyone 19[12][13] years of age or older who may lawfully own a gun. This bill was also vetoed by Governor Nixon, on June 27, 2016. After the Missouri legislature reconvened for the veto-override session on September 14, 2016, the Senate voted to override the veto with a 24 – 6 vote (23 required) and the House followed through shortly thereafter with a 112 – 41 vote (109 required). The permitless carry provision of the bill went into effect on January 1, 2017.[3]

text: Open carry[edit]

text: Missouri allows any person who has a valid concealed carry endorsement or permit and is lawfully carrying a firearm in a concealed manner to briefly and openly display the firearm, so long as the firearm is not displayed in an angry or threatening manner.[14] Some localities prohibit open carry; however, concealed carry license holders are exempted from this restriction.[15]

text: Concealed Carry Permit Requirement Exceptions[edit]

text: One exception in which no concealed carry permit is required is when the weapon is in a non-functioning state (for instance, if it has a barrel lock in place), or if the weapon is unloaded and no ammunition is readily accessible.

text: Another exception is while traveling in a car and either above the age 19 or 18 and a member of the armed forces (or honorably discharged). Missouri's old "peaceable journey" law, which allowed a person to conceal a weapon in a car while on a "peaceable journey" through the state (including journeys that begin and end outside of the state, begin and end inside of the state, begin in the state and end outside the state, or begin outside of the state and end in the state), is still in effect and has no age restriction.[16]

text: Another exception is when a person is also carrying an exposed firearm for the lawful pursuit of game. For instance, if a hunter is openly carrying his deer rifle, he may also conceal a handgun without a concealed carry permit.

text: Another exception is when a person is on their own property.[17]

text: As of January 1, 2017, a permit is not required to carry concealed.[3]


document_title: Chachi Arcola

question_text: why does chachi wear a bandana on his leg

text: Chachi Arcola

text:
Chachi Arcola

First appearance
"Hollywood (Happy Days)" - Part 1 (1977)

Last appearance
"Passages (Happy Days)" (1984)

Created by
Garry Marshall

Portrayed by
Scott Baio

Information

Gender
Male

Occupation
Works at Fonzie's Garage, and at Arnold's. Later student at Jefferson High School and musician.

Family
Louisa Fonzarelli Arcola Delvecchio (mother)

Spouse(s)
Joanie Cunningham

Relatives

Arthur Fonzarelli (cousin)
Grandma Nussbaum (grandmother)
Raymond "Spike" Fonzarelli (cousin)
Angel Fonzarelli (cousin)
Alfred Delvecchio (stepfather)
Father Delvecchio (stepuncle)
Ma Delvecchio (stepgrandmother)
Rico Mastorelli (uncle)
Annette Mastorelli (cousin)
Mario Mastorelli (cousin)

text: Charles "Chachi" Arcola is a character played by Scott Baio on the sitcom Happy Days and its spin-off Joanie Loves Chachi.[1]

text: The character of Chachi is the younger cousin of Fonzie, first appearing on Happy Days in season 5, beginning in 1977.[2] His main love interest is Joanie Cunningham, with their relationship becoming a common theme for episodes in later seasons.[3] Chachi shares a close relationship with his older cousin Fonzie. Many times, Fonzie stepped in and was able to be the older brother figure that Chachi needed. Chachi is also very close to his mother and his step-father Al.

text: Together, Chachi and Joanie became aspiring musicians, and the spinoff series Joanie Loves Chachi was developed when Chachi's mother Louisa and new stepfather Al Delvecchio (the second owner of Arnold's) opened a new restaurant where Joanie and Chachi performed most of their music.[4]

text: Joanie and Chachi, along with some of his cousins and a character named Bingo, form a band, which was never named in the series.[5]

text: Joanie and Chachi returned to Happy Days when Joanie Loves Chachi was cancelled, and after them being broken up for a while in the final Happy Days episode, Joanie and Chachi marry.

text: Development and reception[edit]

text: After his initial appearance, the character of Chachi was expanded to a recurring character due to positive reception by fans, with Baio receiving up to 5,000 fan letters a week.[2] When the writers began developing the character of Chachi as a musician, Baio was against the idea because he "didn't sing," but changed his mind based on the possibility of the fame associated with becoming a pop singer.[2] His early catchphrase "Wah, wah, wah!" became popular with teenage girls.[2] However, an attempt to spark a fashion trend by having Chachi frequently costumed with a bandana tied around his pant leg did not catch on.[2]

text: The character was named after a street where the show's creator Garry Marshall had lived.[2] There have been false rumors that circulated claiming that the broadcast of Joanie loves Chachi had high viewership numbers in Japan and Korea because the name "Chachi" sounds like slang term for "penis" in those countries.[6][7]


document_title: Sarah McLeod

question_text: who played rosie in the lord of the rings

text: Sarah McLeod

text:
Sarah McLeod

Born
(1971-07-18) 18 July 1971 (age 46)
Putaruru, New Zealand

Years active
1994-2012

text: Sarah McLeod (born 18 July 1971) is a New Zealand film and television actress. Her most notable role was in the Peter Jackson films The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King as Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit who marries Samwise Gamgee. Her daughter Maisy played Rosie and Sam's baby. McLeod also co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson from 2008 to 2009.

text: Career[edit]

text: McLeod knew Liz Mulane, the casting director of Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings from an earlier film of his that she had appeared in called Forgotten Silver. McLeod was six-months pregnant when she auditioned for the role of Rosie Cotton, a female hobbit. Four months later, she was told that she had won the role. She explained, "This was after I had the baby, so my first day on the set, the baby was 12 weeks old. So from the first time I auditioned for the role, until the whole thing comes out, the third film, my baby will be four years old, it just goes to show you how big and long this production is."[1] Her daughter, Maisy, played the infant son of Rosie and Samwise Gamgee, seen in the final scene of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. The New Zealand Herald observed in 2004 that McLeod was "notable for having the most significant role of the few New Zealand actresses in the trilogy."[2]

text: In 2007, McLeod and fourteen other Lord of the Rings actors from New Zealand sued New Line, as they felt they were legally entitled to five percent of the trilogy's net merchandising revenue.[3] From 2008 to 2009, McLeod co-starred in the New Zealand soap opera Shortland Street as Cindy Watson. McLeod conducted legal and personal research on surrogacy for the role, as her character's storyline involved asking her friend to be a surrogate mother for Cindy and her husband.[4] In a 2010 episode of America's Next Top Model, McLeod appeared as herself on the set of Hobbiton, where the contestants participated in a Lord of the Rings-themed photo shoot.[5][6]


document_title: Demand curve

question_text: the market-demand curve is referred to as a change in

text: Demand curve

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: According to convention, the demand curve is drawn with price on the vertical (y) axis and quantity on the horizontal (x) axis. The function actually plotted is the inverse demand function.

text: The demand curve usually slopes downwards from left to right; that is, it has a negative association. The negative slope is often referred to as the "law of demand", which means people will buy more of a service, product, or resource as its price falls. The demand curve is related to the marginal utility curve, since the price one is willing to pay depends on the utility. However, the demand directly depends on the income of an individual while the utility does not. Thus it may change indirectly due to change in demand for other commodities.

text: However, with Veblen goods, such as status symbols, the utility value of the good is largely the price and demand is higher at higher prices and the demand curve may curve upwards. With a Giffen good the price is taken by the market as a signal of quality, irrespective of the true nature of the product, and hence demand may be very low when priced low and increase at higher price points.

text: Linear demand curve[edit]

text: The demand curve is often graphed as a straight line of the form Q = a − bP where a and b are parameters. The constant "a" embodies the effects of all factors other than price that affect demand. If income were to change, for example, the effect of the change would be represented by a change in the value of "a" and be reflected graphically as a shift of the demand curve. The constant "b" is the slope of the demand curve and shows how the price of the good affects the quantity demanded.[4]

text: The graph of the demand curve uses the inverse demand function in which price is expressed as a function of quantity. The standard form of the demand equation can be converted to the inverse equation by solving for P or P = a/b − Q/b.[4]

text: More plainly, in the equation P = a − bQ, "a" is the intercept where price is zero (where the demand curve intercepts the Y-axis), "b" is the slope of the demand curve, "Q" is quantity and "P" is price.

text: There is movement along a demand curve when a change in price causes the quantity demanded to change.[5] It is important to distinguish between movement along a demand curve, and a shift in a demand curve. Movements along a demand curve happen only when the price of the good changes.[6] When a non-price determinant of demand changes the curve shifts. These "other variables" are part of the demand function. They are "merely lumped into intercept term of a simple linear demand function." [6] Thus a change in a non-price determinant of demand is reflected in a change in the x-intercept causing the curve to shift along the x axis.[7]

text: Shift[edit]

text: The shift of a demand curve takes place when there is a change in any non-price determinant of demand, resulting in a new demand curve.[5] Non-price determinants of demand are those things that will cause demand to change even if prices remain the same—in other words, the things whose changes might cause a consumer to buy more or less of a good even if the good's own price remained unchanged.[8] Some of the more important factors are the prices of related goods (both substitutes and complements), income, population, and expectations. However, demand is the willingness and ability of a consumer to purchase a good under the prevailing circumstances; so, any circumstance that affects the consumer's willingness or ability to buy the good or service in question can be a non-price determinant of demand. As an example, weather could be a factor in the demand for beer at a baseball game.

text: When income increases, the demand curve for normal goods shifts outward as more will be demanded at all prices, while the demand curve for inferior goods shifts inward due to the increased attainability of superior substitutes. With respect to related goods, when the price of a good (e.g. a hamburger) rises, the demand curve for substitute goods (e.g. chicken) shifts out, while the demand curve for complementary goods (e.g. tomato sauce) shifts in (i.e. there is more demand for substitute goods as they become more attractive in terms of value for money, while demand for complementary goods contracts in response to the contraction of quantity demanded of the underlying good).[5]

text: Demand shifters[edit]

text:
Changes in disposable income, the magnitude of the shift also being related to the income elasticity of demand.
Changes in tastes and preferences—tastes and preferences are assumed to be fixed in the short-run. This assumption of fixed preferences is a necessary condition for aggregation of individual demand curves to derive market demand.
Changes in expectations.
Changes in the prices of related goods (substitutes and complements)
Population size and composition
N.B. Whilst variations in the price of the actual product affects the overall quantity demanded, economists do not consider price to affect the demand curve.

text: Changes that decrease or increase demand[edit]

text: A number of business publications have published opinion pieces on the actions that raise demand.[9][10][11]

text: Factors affecting market demand[edit]

text: Market or aggregate demand is the summation of individual demand curves. In addition to the factors which can affect individual demand there are three factors that can affect market demand (cause the market demand curve to shift):

text:
a change in the number of consumers,
a change in the distribution of tastes among consumers,
a change in the distribution of income among consumers with different tastes.[12]

text: Some circumstances which can cause the demand curve to shift in include:

text:
Decrease in price of a substitute
Increase in price of a complement
Decrease in income if good is normal good
Increase in income if good is inferior good

text: Movement along a demand curve[edit]

text: Discreteness of amounts[edit]

text: If a commodity is sold in whole units, and these are valuable for a consumer, then the individual demand curve can hardly be approximated by a continuous curve. It is a set function of the price, defined by a price above which no unit is bought, a price range for which one is bought, etc.

text: Units of measures[edit]

text: If the local currency is dollars, for example, then the units of measurement of the variable "price" are "dollars per unit of the good" and the units of measurement of "quantity" are "units of the good per time (e.g., per week or per year). Thus quantity demanded is a flow variable.

text: Price elasticity of demand (PED)[edit]

text: PED is a measure of the sensitivity of the quantity variable, Q, to changes in the price variable, P. Elasticity answers the question of how much the quantity will change in percentage terms for a 1% change in the price, and is thus important in determining how revenue will change. PED is negative because of the inverse relationship between the price of a good and the quantity of the good demanded, a consequence of the law of demand.

text: The elasticity of demand indicates how sensitive the demand for a good is to a price change. If the absolute value of PED is between zero and 1, demand is said to be inelastic; if the absolute value of PED equals 1, the demand is unitary elastic; and if the absolute value of Price elasticity of demand is greater than 1, demand is elastic. A low coefficient implies that changes in price have little influence on demand. A high elasticity indicates that consumers will respond to a price rise by buying a lot less of the good and that consumers will respond to a price cut by buying a lot more...

text: Taxes and subsidies[edit]

text: A sales tax on the commodity does not directly change the demand curve, if the price axis in the graph represents the price including tax. Similarly, a subsidy on the commodity does not directly change the demand curve, if the price axis in the graph represents the price after deduction of the subsidy.

text: If the price axis in the graph represents the price before addition of tax and/or subtraction of subsidy then the demand curve moves inward when a tax is introduced, and outward when a subsidy is introduced.


document_title: Air Jordan

question_text: when did the jordan retro 4s come out

question_tokens: when did the jordan retro 4s come out

text: Air Jordan

text: Product history[edit]

text: Since its introduction into the sports shoe market, the Air Jordan evolved from the original basketball shoes to models for different uses, including I-XXXII. The Jordan brand sponsors 21 active NBA players, including Jimmy Butler (basketball), Chris Paul, Blake Griffin, Kawhi Leonard, Russell Westbrook and Carmelo Anthony. They also endorse Nike Air Jordan products. Also they sponsor other leagues such as the MLB, NFL, NASCAR and the WNBA.

text: AJ I:

text: The Air Jordan 1 was first produced for Michael Jordan in 1984. It was designed by Peter C. Moore.[2] The red and black colorway of the Nike Air Ship, the prototype for the Jordan 1, was later outlawed by NBA Commissioner David Stern for having very little white on them.[3] It is a common misconception that the Jordan 1 was banned however, it was indeed the Nike Air Ship. After the Nike Air Ship was banned, Michael Jordan and Nike introduced the Jordan 1 in color ways with more white such as the "Chicago" color way and the "Black Toe" color way. They used the Nike Air Ship's banning as a promotional tool in advertisements hinting that the shoes gave an unfair competitive advantage for the Jordan 1 and that whoever wore them had a certain edginess associated with outlaw activities.

text: The Air Jordan I was originally released on the market from 1985 to 1986. Then retro-ed in 1994, 2001–2004, and 2007–2017.

text: AJ II:

text: The success of the Air Jordan 1 encouraged Nike to release the New Air Jordan in 1986 for the new basketball season. Designed by Peter Moore and Bruce Kilgore, the original Air Jordan II was unique in that it was made in Italy giving the shoe a luxury feel. The Air Jordan 2 also retailed with a full length encapsulated Nike air bubble for maximum comfort. The Air Jordan 2 was the first Jordan not to have the Nike swoosh on the upper. The Air Jordan II was originally retailed at $100. The Air Jordan was originally released from 1986 to 1987. The model was revived from obscurity when Air Jordan collaborated with Just Don to create the Just Don x Air Jordan 2. The shoe featured premium blue quilted leather inspired by a Chanel handbag and released in very limited numbers on January 31, 2015 for $275. The shoe was released again in a Beach colourway bundled with a premium snapback and gold pin for $650 on January 30, 2016. Then retro-ed in 1994, 2004–2005, 2008, 2010, 2014–2017.

text: AJ III:

text: The Air Jordan III was designed by Tinker Hatfield who works for Nike as a designer for stores and offices. By that time Michael Jordan was ready to leave Nike, but the Jordan III changed his mind. It was the first Air Jordan to feature a visible air unit on the heel, the new Jumpman logo, an elephant print trim and tumble leather to give it a luxury look. The Air Jordan III was also famous for the humorous ads depicting Spike Lee as Mars Blackmon, the character he played in his film 'She's Gotta Have It'. This campaign was known as the "Mars and Mike" ad campaign, which was one of Nike's most successful advertisement campaigns. These were the first Jordan's to feature the "NIKE AIR" logo on the back, but later replaced by the Jumpman logo, with the words "AIR" underneath it, similar to the Air Jordan VI. These were said to be Michael Jordan's favorite shoes, he wore them during the 1988 Dunk Championship and many other events in his basketball career. The Air Jordan III's had poor sales when first reintroduced in 1994. On their second reintroduction in 2001, they sold well. The "Fire Red" Air Jordan III was released in March 2007, and late again in 2013.

text: In 2007, Jordan Brand collaborated with director Spike Lee to release a limited pair of Air Jordan III's the Do The Right Thing movie poster. The same year also saw the reintroduced versions of the Air Jordan III's in two monotone colorways, all black and all white, nicknamed the "Black Cats" and the "Pure Moneys" respectively. 2007 also had the "Flips" which moved the elephant print from the trim to the entire shoe and replacing it with white leather, indeed "Flipping" the original design of white leather with elephant print trim.

text: In 2009, the Jordan Brand reintroduced the highly sought after Air Jordan III in the True Blue colorway. It was an international-only release, meaning they were not sold in the US. In 2011, the brand released a Black History Month (BHM) Air Jordan III colorway in commemoration of the 35th anniversary of Black History Month. The sneaker is black with gold trim and stitching as well as laser print around the toe and heel. The BHM III was a very limited release and there was said to have been no more than 3,000 pairs made. Also, the same year saw the release of the "True Blue" III on June 4. The Stealth colorway of the III was released in September and the Black Cements were released in November.[4] The "Black Flips" were released on December 3, 2011. In 2013, Jordan released a special edition of the Jordan III this shoe was deemed the Air Jordan III "Retro '88" White Cement and were released in February.

text: The Air Jordan III was originally released in 1988. The multiple retros and new colorways have been released in 1994, 2001, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2016.

text: AJ IV:

text: In 1989, Nike released the Air Jordan IV to the public. Designed by Tinker Hatfield, it was the first Air Jordan released on the global market. It had four colorways: White/ Black-Cement Grey, Black/Cement Grey, White/Fire Red-Black, and Off White/Military Blue.

text: Nike featured director and actor Spike Lee in ads for AJ IV. Lee had featured the shoe in his movie Do The Right Thing. The Air Jordan Bordeaux "Spiz'ike IV" was made to commemorate Lee's friendship with Michael Jordan.

text: The Air Jordan IV was on Jordan's feet when he made "The Shot," a series winner in Game 5 of the 1989 NBA First Round between the Chicago Bulls and the Cleveland Cavaliers. In 2012 a Cavalier colorway dubbed the "Cavs" was released to honor "The Shot."

text: The Air Jordan IV was re-released in 1999 and retroed in 2000, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010–2013 and 2015–2017. Recent retroed colorways are the Retro 4 "Legend Blue", "Oreo" in early 2015, and the Retro 4 OG "Cement" that released on February 13, 2016.[5]

text: AJ V:

text: The Air Jordan V was released in February 1990, designed by Tinker Hatfield again. Some elements were carried over from the Air Jordan IV, but overall they were a completely new look. Some of its new features were a reflective tongue, translucent rubber soles and lace locks. The soles gave them a new look, but it yellowed over time when exposed to moisture and were the source of many complaints early on due to the slippery nature of the soles when collecting dust.

text: Hatfield is believed to have drawn inspiration for the Air Jordan V from World War II fighter planes, which was most notably visible in the shark teeth shapes on the midsole. The Air Jordan V was reintroduced in 2000, including a new color way featuring Michael Jordan's high school (Laney High) colors. In 2006 several V's were reintroduced, including the LS "Grape" V's, the LS "burgundy" V's, the "Fire-Red" V's, the "Green Bean" V's, and "Stealth Blue V's. Along with the latter, a very limited laser design and the black/metallic/fire red colorways were released in early 2007.

text: In the month of May 2009, Air Jordan confirmed the release of an "DMP II" consisting of two Air Jordan V's.[6] The second color way features a 3M material base with black laces and midsole. The retail price was $310.

text: The Air Jordan V was originally released in 1990. It was retroed in 2000, 2006–2009, 2011 and 2013–2017.

text: The Air Jordan V saw a lot of use in popular sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. During many episodes you can see Will Smith wearing the 'metallic silver', 'grape', and 'fire red' colorway. To pay tribute to his character, Jordan released the Air Jordan 5 Bel Air in 2013.[7]

text: AJ VI:

text: The Air Jordan VI had a new design by Tinker Hatfield and released in 1991. The Original 5 colorways were: Black/Infrared, White/Infrared, White/ Carmine-Black, White/Sport Blue, and Off White/Maroon. The Air Jordan VI introduced a reinforcement around the toe, It had two holes in the tongue, and a molded heel tab on the back of the sneaker (demanded by Jordan so it wouldn't hit his Achilles tendon). Like the Air Jordan V this sneaker also had Clear rubber/"Icy" Soles. The Air Jordan VI was the last Air Jordan to feature the Nike Air logo on it.

text: Later that year the Bulls defeated the Lakers in the 1991 NBA Finals, with Jordan (wearing the Black/Infrared) named as the most valuable player. That was also the first NBA Championship won by Jordan and the Bulls. The Jordan VI was also seen in the film White Men Can't Jump, which was produced in 1991 and released one year later.

text: The Air Jordan VI has been retro-ed many times since its original release in 1991, Notable releases were in 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014 with the Black Infrared Colorway.

text: In addition to a Porsche-inspired rear pull tab and visible air the Air Jordan VI was the first Jordan with an inner bootie.

text: The Air Jordan VI was originally released in 1991. It was retro-ed in 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008–2010, 2012 and 2014–2017.

text: The Air Jordan VI saw much of screen time in 2015's Creed. Adonis Johnson (Michael B. Jordan) can be seen sporting the black/infrared and the white/varsity red-black colorway through most of the movie,[8] most notably during the training montage before the big fight that Rocky films are known for.[9]

text: The VI was the first shoe used by the protagonist of Slam Dunk, Hanamichi Sakuragi. [10] Nike released special versions of both the VI and the Jordan Super.Fly 3 featuring artwork from the series in 2014. The VI also had Sakuragi's number 10 embroidered on the side of the heels.[11] Various other models in the Air Jordan line are featured in the series, including the original (which Sakuragi eventually switched to), the V, and the XII (both worn by Sakuragi's rival, Kaede Rukawa). [12]

text: AJ VII

text: The Air Jordan VII was released in 1992 with a new design by Tinker Hatfield. This shoe introduced the huarache technology which allowed the shoes to better conform to the user's foot. A few things were no longer featured on the new model, such as the visible air sole, the Nike Air logo, and the yellowing soles. This was the first Air-Jordan in the line that did not have any distinctive "Nike Air" on the outer portions of the shoe. The "Nike Air" branding was still on the in-soles, which Air Jordans VIII-XI also had. The VIIs were also known for a successful ad campaign in which Bugs Bunny appeared alongside Michael Jordan to market the shoes.

text: When Jordan went to compete at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics to play for the US Men's Basketball Team (also known as the "Dream Team"), Nike released a special Olympic color combo of the Air Jordan VII model which had Jordan's Olympic jersey number, 9 even though most of the jordans that were made, especially the Air Jordan VII had a "23" on the back.

text: Various models of the Air Jordan VII were re-released in 2002, again in 2004, and again with different colors in 2006. Also in 2008 Nike released a black and blue pair owned only by Cheikh Mbacké, ordered for $600.

text: In 2011 the Air Jordan VII saw releases in the "Orion" and "Bordeaux" colorways. Other colorways are confirmed for a 2011 release as well, such as the "Cardinals" which is a re-release and "Year of the Rabbits". The "Olympic" and "Charcoal" (commonly referred to as Raptors) were re-released in 2012.

text: The Air Jordan VII was originally released in 1992. It was retro-ed in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008–2012 and 2015–2017.

text: AJ VIII:

text: The Air Jordan VIII was released to coincide with the 1992–1993 NBA season. The eighth model of the Air Jordan was noticeably heavier than its predecessors. This shoe had a lot more detail than most of the earlier Air Jordan's such as two crossover straps on each shoe and a Jumpman. Thus the Air Jordan VIII model became known as the "Punisher" because of the advanced basketball ankle support and enhanced traction. This shoe contains a full length air sole, polyurethane midsole, polycarbonate shank plate, and two crossover straps (for added support and more custom fit).

text: The Air Jordan VIII was originally released in 1993. It was retro-ed in 2003, 2007, 2008, 2013 and 2015–2017.

text: AJ IX:

text: Originally released in November 1993, the Air Jordan IX model was the first model released after Michael Jordan's retirement. Jordan never played an NBA season wearing these shoes. This model was inspired by baseball cleats that Jordan wore when playing minor-league baseball.

text: Like the VII and VIII models, the Air Jordan IX featured an inner sock sleeve and nubuck accents. The sole featured different symbols and languages of different countries. The Air Jordan IX has been the shoe chosen to adorn Jordan's feet for his statue outside of the United Center in Chicago.

text: In popular culture, in the children's movie The Little Rascals one of the bullies, Butch is wearing a pair of these shoes. American rap icon Tupac Shakur also wore Air Jordans in a popular "Thug Life" photo set in 1993.

text: The Air Jordan IX was originally released from 1993 to 1994. It was retro-ed in 2002, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014–2017.

text: AJ X:

text: This was released in 1995 in 8 different colors, Black/grey, varsity-black, off-white/black/varsity red*, Powder Blue (worn by UNC's Men's and Women's basketball teams), Orlando Magic*, New York Knicks*, Seattle SuperSonics*, and Sacramento Kings*. It was the first Air Jordan to feature a lightweight phylon midsole. The shoe also featured all of Michael Jordan's accomplishments on the outsole of the shoe.

text: In 2012, the Air Jordan X was re-released. They are dubbed the "Chicago Bulls", as they are part of a regional pack (City Pack), representing five teams. The lacing and tongue are completely black, and the red inner lining contrasts with the red inserts on the outsole. The outsole's design features a striped (wavy) design, which list many of Jordan's accomplishments. They retailed at $160. The Air Jordan X was released again in an OVO collaboration in 2015 and 2016, releasing in white and black colorways respectively with stingray detailing.

text: The Air Jordan X was originally released from 1994 to 1995. It was retro-ed in 2005, 2008 and 2012–2016.

text: AJ XI:

text: This model was designed by Tinker Hatfield. When the shoe launched, Michael Jordan (retired from basketball by then) was trying in minor baseball leagues. Hatfield designed the sneaker waiting for Jordan to come back and hoping he would play in them.

text: The ballistic mesh upper of the sneaker was meant to make the Air Jordan XI lighter and more durable than the past sneakers. Further changes came with the use of a carbon fiber spring plate in the clear out sole, giving the shoe better torque when turning on the court. The highlight and arguably most well-known aspect of the shoe is the patent leather mudguard. Patent leather was lightweight, when compared to genuine leather, and also tended not to stretch as much – a property to help keep the foot within the bounds of the shoe bed during direction changes on the court. The patent leather gave the XI a "formal" look. When this shoe released, some wore this model with business suits instead of dress shoes.

text: The sneakers were only samples in 1995 when Jordan decided to come back in the NBA. Hatfield and Nike discouraged Michael Jordan playing in them, but when produced he wore them. Also noteworthy, Jordan violated league dress code by wearing the shoes, as his teammates wore all black shoe. He was fined $5,000 for not following the Bulls colorway policy. After the fining, Nike made him a pair of the shoes in a black/white/concord colorway for the series against Orlando. A similar black/white/royal blue colorway was released to the public at the end of 2000. The colorway was changed for the public release because the concord purple had looked like royal blue on TV.

text: Jordan wore the Air Jordan XI model to help the Chicago Bulls claim the 1995–96 NBA Championship, he also wore the Air Jordan XI white Columbia colorway in the 1996 NBA All-Star Game and was selected MVP of the game. The shoes received more media exposure when Michael Jordan wore the Air Jordan XI model in the 1996 animated movie Space Jam. These shoes were eventually released in 2000 and re-released in 2009 with the nickname Space Jams. The concord purple was changed to royal blue for the released versions of the shoe.

text: The Air Jordan XI was originally released from 1995 to 1996. It was retro-ed in 2000, 2001, 2003, and 2006–2017. The Air Jordan XI is the most popular Air Jordan's in the series, and has released almost ritualistically every December since 2008 and sells out within minutes, also it is Tinker Hatfield's favorite. With the Air Jordan XI being the most popular Jordan supply used to be very limited and would cause fans to line up outside of store fronts before releases.

text: AJ XII: Main article: Air Jordan Retro XII

text: The Air Jordan XII was inspired by Nisshoki (the Japanese flag), and a 19th-century women dress boot. However, featuring gold-plated steel lace loops, embossed lizard skin pattern and a full length zoom air unit with a carbon fiber shank plate, this model set a new direction in style and technology in shoe design. Though not as light weight as previous models, the construction and firmness of the shoe is widely considered to be the most durable and sturdy shoes from the Air Jordan line. The first model released after the creation of subsidiary Jordan Brand, the Air Jordan XII has no Nike branding on it of any kind, while all the models before it have Nike Air or other Nike branding outwardly (Air Jordans I-VI) or just simply on the insoles (Air Jordans VII-XI). This shoe came in 5 colorways and was released on March 13. The shoe was re-released on December 25, 2008 with the Eleven as the final countdown pack. In addition, the Twelve was combined with the Thirteen numbered Jordan to produce the 12.5. As of today, the 11/12 countdown package (retro) retails for US$750–US$800, well above the starting price of US$310. The Air Jordan 12 has been subject to many highly limited colorways recently such as the Air Jordan 12 x PSNY collaboration, the Wings colorway that was limited to 12,000 pairs, and the OVO collaboration.

text: The Air Jordan XII was originally released from 1996 to 1997. It was retro-ed in 2003, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2011–2013, and 2015–2017.[13]

text: AJ XIII:

text: In 1997, Air Jordan XIII's were released to the public. This model was known for its cushioning along the feet, designed by Hatfield. The Black Panther was the inspiration for the Air Jordan XIII, the sole resembles the pads on a panther's paw. But also the panther is the hologram on the back of the shoe which imitates a panther's eyes in the dark when light is shined at them. They were re-released in 2005, which coincided with the release of the Air Jordan 8s shoe.

text: In the movie He Got Game, the Air Jordan XIII was worn by Jake Shuttlesworth (Denzel Washington). Ray Allen, who played Jake's son Jesus in the film, wore them when he broke Reggie Miller's all-time record for made three-point shots during a game against the Lakers in Boston during the 2011 season. The Jordan Brand re-released the Air Jordan XIII at the end of 2010, which included the French Blue/Flint Grey, White/Red-Black, "Playoff" color way and the Black/Altitude Green color way. In 2017, Jordan Brand released the "History of Flight" colorway. This colorway is from the 2009 World Basketball Festival, where the "History of Flight" collection was revealed to celebrate Jordan's 25th anniversary.

text: The Air Jordan XIII was originally released from 1997 to 1998. It was retro-ed in 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010–2017.

text: AJ XIV:

text: Inspired by the Ferrari 550 M which Michael Jordan owned, the Air Jordan XIV was originally released from 1997 to 1999. It was re-released in 2005, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2012 and 2014–2017.

text: The Air Jordan XIV co-styled by the famous Tinker Hatfield and Mark Smith was made race ready and equipped with the Jordan Jumpman insignia on a Ferrari shaped badge. In addition, these shoes include breathable air ducts on the outer sole. The color scheme of predominant black accentuated with red was nicknamed "The Last Shot" because Michael Jordan wore them as he hit the game winning shot over Bryon Russell, of the Utah Jazz, in his final game with the Chicago Bulls in the 1998 NBA Finals.

text: There are 14 Jumpman logos on Air Jordan XIV's—7 on each shoe—corresponding the shoes' number in the series. They can be found in the following places:

text:
Near the toebox x 1
Shield Logo near the achilles heel x 1
Above the number "23" at the heel x 1
At the bottom sole (middle part) x 1
Steel Lacetips x 2
Insoles x 1

tag: ol

text: AJ XV:

text: The Air Jordan XVs were released in 1999–2000. Reggie Miller wore it during the 2000 NBA Finals.

text: This was the first shoe after Jordan's retirement. The design of the XV's originated from the aircraft prototype X-15, which was developed by NASA during the 1950s. The sides of the XV were made from woven kevlar fibre. The Jordan XV's were the first Air Jordan's to be negatively received in a while (the last being the Air Jordan 2's), because the quality on the Jordan shoes was bad.[14]

text: The Air Jordan XV was originally released from 1999 to 2000. It was retro-ed in 2007, 2008 and 2017.

text: AJ XVI:

text: Air Jordan XVIs, designed by Nike's Senior Footwear Designer Wilson Smith, were released in 2001. This meaning it was the first design since the II's that Tinker Hatfield was not behind. Smith decided to bring in a few design elements/fabrics from earlier releases. The shoe featured the return of the clear rubber sole (V, VI, XI) and patent leather (XI).

text: Unique to the Air Jordan XVI was a gaiter/shroud that covered the shoe and could be removed to give the shoe a new look. Not only was this for fashion purposes, it also had a thermal functionality.

text: The shoe was said to be stiff and that the shroud/gaiter could easily fall off when playing basketball. The black/red and white/midnight navy versions of the shoe both featured patent leather which very easily creased and cracked.[15]

text: The Air Jordan XVI was originally released in 2001. It was retro-ed in 2008, 2014 and 2016.

text: AJ XVII:

text: This pair of Jordan's come equipped with Keefer, which held the shoes and a compact disc containing the Air Jordan XVII song. The retail price of the shoe was US$200. The defining functional design element of the Air Jordan XVII model, which was later replicated on the Air Jordan XXIII model, was the reinforced mid-sole which provided a sturdy and stable chassis for the shoe. They were made in four mid top colors and three low-top colors.

text: The Air Jordan XVII was originally released in 2002. It was retro-ed in 2008 and 2016.

text: AJ XVIII:

text: The Air Jordan XVIII shoe was released in 2003, and was the shoe for Jordan's last season, in which he played for the Washington Wizards.

text: The shoe was designed by Air Jordan Senior Footwear Designer, Tate Kuerbis, a person that had been part of the Jordan footwear design team since 1999 and with Nike since 1995. The inspiration for the design came from a number of things; sleek racing lines of the auto world, carbon fibre-based monocoque of F1 race cars, race car driving shoes (rubber heel wrap) and Fine Italian dress shoes (bold stitching on the soles).

text: The Air Jordan XVIII was originally released from 2003 to 2004. It was retro-ed in 2008.

text: AJ XIX:

text: Released in 2004, this is the first Jordan release after his third, and final, retirement which came after the 2002–03 NBA season. The design was inspired by the Black Mamba snake, and two original colorways where released: white/flint grey and black/red. Three regional colorways and three special edition colorways were released. They consisted of the East, West, and Midwest edition for regular and West, East, and Olympic for the SE (special edition).

text: The Air Jordan XIX used innovative materials. The upper section of shoe was developed in collaboration with the global materials consultancy Material ConneXion, who sourced Nike a sleeving normally used in architectural applications for protecting PVC pipes from bursting. In theory, this allowed for a shoe without laces, because the sleeving does not stretch. Nonetheless, the Air Jordan XIX model did include a set of laces behind the sleeve to better secure the shoe. They are the lightest Air Jordans ever made.[citation needed]

text: The Air Jordan XIX was originally released in 2004. It was retro-ed in 2008.

text: AJ XX:

text: The Air Jordan XX was also inspired by bicycling shoes. The strap was placed in the center of the shoe over the laces. It also helped to create a tighter fit and increased support.

text: The Air Jordan XX was originally released in 2005. It was retro-ed in 2008 and 2015.

text: AJ XXI:

text: The Air Jordan XXI model of shoes was designed by D'Wayne Edwards and inspired by sport touring vehicles. The shoe features lower-foot air grilles, double-overlasted Phylon midsole, a carbon fibre shank plate and a seamless diamond-quilted booty. It also has a tenable I.P.S. suspension system that lets the wearer choose between Zoom and Encapsulated air.

text: The Air Jordan XXI was introduced on television by the "Second Generation" advertisement.

text: The Air Jordan XXI was originally released in 2006. It was retro-ed in 2008.

text: AJ XX2:

text: The Air Jordan XX2/XXII shoe model, designed by D'Wayne Edwards, was released on March 24, 2007. The original retail price of the model was US$175. The aggressive and sharp design was inspired by the F-22 Raptor fighter jet. Some technical features of the shoe include an updated visible and interchangeable I.P.S. suspension system, a new metallic mesh for ventilation, the Air Jordan camouflage pattern printed in reflective 3M material, and an updated traction system, based on an army general's stripes.

text: Two special editions of the Air Jordan XX2 model were released. The first edition was released for Jordan's birthday on February 17. This edition featured authentic Jordan Brand basketball leather. The second edition was the Omega model, part of the Alpha-Omega package. This model featured a laser-etched image of Jordan after he won his sixth NBA championship in 1998.

text: An entirely new line of Air Jordan XX2/XXII shoes called the released, with these shoes worn by NBA players from the Atlanta Hawks, Denver Nuggets, Detroit Pistons, and Dallas Mavericks. This Air Jordan model featured a new strap around the heel and ankle.

text: The promo commercial for the XX2 was directed by Mark Romanek.[16]

text: The Air Jordan XX2 was originally released in 2007. It was retro-ed in 2008.

text: AJ XX3:

text: The Air Jordan XX3 was designed by Tinker Hatfield. It was a unique model, being the first basketball shoe to be included in the "Nike Considered" category, for using materials from not more than 200 miles from a Nike Factory. It features a hand-stitched exterior, full-length bootie, carbon fiber shank plate, the last to feature interchangeable IPS pillars, and an articulated chassis. The shoe was released on January 25, 2008, and was the last Air Jordan until the XX8 to have Roman numeral identification.

text: The Air Jordan XX3 was originally released in 2008. It was retro-ed in 2015–2016.

text: AJ 2009:

text: The Air Jordan 2009 was designed by Jason Mayden and was the first Air Jordan model named after the year of its release rather than its numbered system. Inspired by Jordan's defensive focus, the shoe incorporates Articulated Propulsion Technology used by Paralympian runners. It also features a durable pleated silk upper, protective TPU chassis, carbon fiber arch plate and Zoom Air structure. The shoe was released on January 31, 2009.

text: The Air Jordan 2009 was originally released in 2009. It has not been retro-ed.

text: AJ 2010:

text: This is the 25th anniversary of the Air Jordan brand, and although commonly called the Jordan 2010s, is also referred to as Air Jordan XX5/XXV. This model of shoe was announced on November 12, 2009, for a release date of February 13, 2010, retailing for US$170. Dwyane Wade is endorsing the AJ 2010.

text: The base of the each mid-sole has stylized text that when combined reads: "I've failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed." This quote was originally attributed to Michael Jordan, and is a reference to an advertising campaign that aired in 1997 with Jordan detailing his failures that led to his success in his career.

text: The Air Jordan 2010 was originally released in 2010. It has not been retro-ed.

text: AJ 2011:

text: The Air Jordan 2011 was endorsed by Dwyane Wade in 2011, Jordan Brand decided to keep the fans happy with the release of the Air Jordan 2011. The shoe has inter-changeable insoles- The Red, "Explosive" one is claimed to symbolize power, and a Blue, "Quick" one, supposedly for quickness. Four colorways of the shoe were released on February 19, 2011 in correspondence with the 2011 All Star Game. The first colorway was White/Black. There were also White/Red and White/Blue colorways that coincided with the East/West Jersey Colors. The "Year of the Rabbit" colorway was a limited release that celebrated of Michael Jordan's Chinese zodiac sign, coinciding with the current zodiac sign, the Year of the Rabbit.

text: The 2011 has a unique design along both sides of the shoe. It is a star-constellation pattern that also serves as breathing holes for the shoe to keep it well ventilated. It uses patent leather wrapped around the shoe. The shoes are hand burnished and crafted. A dress shoe that feels similar to the XI was reported to be the goal. o The Air Jordan 2011 was originally released in 2011. It has not been retro-ed.

text: AJ 2012:

text: Air Jordan 2012 offers six customization configurations. Two interchangeable sleeves and three insoles adapt to different playing styles. The Deluxe model was launched on February 8, while the customization Flight models were released on February 25, 2012. It was the final Air Jordan model to be named after the year it was released as the numbered system returned in 2013 with the Air Jordan XX8.

text: The Air Jordan 2012 was originally released in 2012. It has not been retro-ed.

text: AJ XX8:

text: The Air Jordan XX8, designed by Tinker Hatfield, was released on February 16, 2013. This premiere model featuring a mostly black upper and volt Dynamic Fit bootie. A heel and forefoot Nike Zoom unit in combination with the new Jordan Flight Plate, Dynamic Fit straps for increased support, a carbon fiber heel counter for additional support, and its most notable feature, the mesh upper for flexibility and ventilation. Jordan Brand has decided for 2013 to returning to the Air Jordan numbered order after having stopped at XX3. The Air Jordan 2012 featured different technology which including interchangeable insoles for various styles of play, a concept introduced with the Kobe System. The exterior shroud gives the shoe a sleeker look than any other and is 8 inches high on the ankle but unzips and folds down revealing the bright volt green interior.

text: AJ XX9:

text: The Air Jordan XX9, also designed by Hatfield, released in September 2014 in both an elephant print and a knit edition. The shoe has already been debuted in the NBA by Russell Westbrook and Kawhi Leonard. The shoe has Flight Web for superior lockdown, a performance woven upper for comfort, support, strength, and protection, and a re-engineered Flight Plate. The XX9 also released in a pack alongside the iconic Air Jordan XI on December 23, 2014 called the "Ultimate Gift of Flight" pack.[17]

text: AJ XXX:

text: The Air Jordan XXX (30) debuted on January 14, 2016 at an exclusive media event in Chicago. It was again designed by Tinker Hatfield. The first colorway of the shoe released on February 16.[18] The shoe consists of an upper and outsole very similar to that of the XX9 of the previous year. The upper is a combination of performance woven and flyknit that is new for the brand in 2016, and also has a flyknit-constructed ankle collar that extends slightly past where the collar of the shoe would normally be. Jordan brand has also brought back functional Dynamic Fit in the lacing system. The outsole/midsole is almost identical to the XX9, with very minor technical tweaks. The outsole boasts a more noticeable change, with a different traction pattern unique to this shoe, while the midsole remains almost entirely the same. The only difference in the midlsole cushioning setup from the Jordan XX9 is a material change in the FlightPlate setup, which is now named FlightSpeed and is constructed of a plastic rather than carbon fiber for more flexibility while remaining structural integrity.

text: AJ XXXI

text: The Air Jordan XXXI (31) was unveiled on July 20, 2016. The sneaker is heavily influenced by the Air Jordan 1's having a leather upper and both a Nike swoosh and a Jumpman plus a Jordan "Wings" logo.[19] Its first retail debut was on September 3, 2016 in the "banned" colorway for $185 alongside its air Jordan 1 counterpart.[19] Notable appearances of the AJ 31 include the "USA" colorway worn during the 2016 Olympic basketball tournament by members of team USA.[20]Basketball at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's team rosters.

text: Other shoes from the Air Jordan line[edit]

text: The Jordan Packages[edit]

text: "Spizike"[edit]

text: Michael Jordan and Spike Lee released the Jordan Spiz'ike shoes on October 21, 2006, as a tribute to their historic relationship.[21] The relationship began when Mars Blackmon (a character from Spike Lee's film, She's Gotta Have It) became the primary pitchman in Nike commercials for Air Jordans. The Spiz'ike is a mash-up of the Jordan III, IV, V, VI, Air Jordan IX and XX shoes. Only 4,567 pairs were made of the original release,[21] with all of the proceeds going to Morehouse College.[citation needed] The number 40 represents Spike Lee's film company, 40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks, and the number 23 represents Michael Jordan's jersey number.[citation needed] Each future release of the shoes varied the colors used.

text: "Defining Moments"

text: Released in 2006 retailing at $295 containing the sneakers Michael Jordan wore during his first championship of his two three-peats. The retro 11 concord contains a gold Jumpman on the side, but originally was meant to also have gold eyelets spelling out Jordan was changed because of color bleeding. The retro 6 black infrared replaces its infrared for gold as well. Both shoes contained dog tags to reference the title won and a booklet showcasing a slam dunk highlight of the game and concept art of the shoe. Some of the original DMP retro 11 concords have surfaced and are considered some of the rarest air Jordan's.[22]

text: "Defining Moments II"

text: The "raging bull pack" retailed for $310 and drew inspiration from the running of the bull that takes place every year in Spain. The pack contains two air Jordan 5s the toro bravo and the 3m. The toro bravo is a red suede sneaker one of the first of its kind, it takes inspiration from the red bandanas worn by the runners. The second pair is the 3m named after its reflective coating. Both shoes come in a wood gate exterior graphic box with double sided slide out, originally released in 2009.[23]

text: "Defining Moments III"[edit]

text: The Jordan Brand released a third "Defining Moments" package on July 11, 2009. The 60+ Air Jordan Retro 1 Package is inspired by Jordan scoring 63 points on the Celtics in a double overtime playoff game during his second year. The Air Jordan Retro 1 60+ Package features a re-release of the sneakers that Jordan wore during that game, and a Retro Air Jordan 1 inspired by the Celtics colors and the parquet floors from the old Boston Garden.

text: "Defining Moments IV"[edit]

text: The Jordan Brand released a fourth "Defining Moments" package on August 15, 2009. This package, also known as the Orlando 60+ pack, consists of the Jordan 7 black and red. Also included is a second pair of Air Jordan 's. The "Orlando" pair features a white leather upper with black and blue accents. The blue accents featured a cracked print. The black tongue had black pinstripes which represented the black pinstriped Orlando jersey of the 1990s.

text: Retro 6 Infrared Pack[edit]

text: The Jordan 6 white/infrared and black/infrared was released February 14, 2013, at a retail price of US$170. This is the second of the same colorway retro in Jordan Brand history. The first time retro on both colorways were in 2000, they were retro separately. This time, the retro distinguished with the previous release. The heel logo are using Jumpman logo instead of Nike Air logo, this is the most significant difference between these two re-releases. Jordan Brand started using Jumpman logo

text: "Old Love New Love"[edit]

text: The Jordan Brand released their second two-pair package named the "Old Love New Love" (OLNL), which consisted of the Air Jordan I Retro model in Mid White/Black-Varsity Red (Black Toes) and Black/Varsity-Maize/White. It was released on April 21, 2007. The Old Love New Love package was sold for $200.00. The pack represented Jordan's passions, the old love being basketball the new love being motorcycle racing.[24]

text: Air Jordan Brand released 5 new colorways including one that is themed after another Spike Lee's "Do The Right Thing."

text: There will be more colors of the Air Jordan Spizikes released than of the recent Air Jordan 3 retro re-release. The Air Jordan "Spiz'ikes" take pieces from the following Air Jordans:

text:
Air Jordan 3 – sole, midsole, and "Spike"/elephant print
Air Jordan 4 – "wings" on the sides of the shoes that hold lace loops to place

text: "Air Jordan Sixty Plus"[edit]

text: The first Jordan Sixty Plus was released in August 2009. The Jordan 6ixty Plus (60+) is a hybrid sneaker from Jordan Brand that combines the various sneakers Michael Jordan wore when he scored 60 or more points in an NBA Game. In these games, MJ was wearing the Jordan I, II, V and VII. Inspiration came from the Air Jordan 5 because he was wearing those when he scored his career high of 69 points.

text:
Air Jordan 1 – Toebox shape and perforations
Air Jordan 2 – Snakeskin accents, rear TPU, lower Eyelets, Jordan "Wings" logo on tongue
Air Jordan 5 – Midsole/Outsole, shape of tongue, Lacelock, mold of upper near ankle, higher eyelets, "Air Jordan" tag inside of tongue
Air Jordan 7 – Perforations on side panel, "gap" between ankle area and body of shoe, graphics on tongue, heel tab, 23 on rear TPU

text: "Jordan Son of Mars edition"[edit]

text: The "Jordan Son of Mars" is an Air Jordan hybrid shoe, that released in the Summer of 2012. It borrows prominent design elements from the Air Jordan III, IV, V, VI, and XX. It also retains a strap across the shoe laces, that is a custom modification with a design that seems to be elephant print but is instead a series of relevant icons, etc. The Jordan Son Of Mars was birthed from the Spizike, which was originally inspired by all the Jordan shoes made in collaboration with famous urban director Spike Lee. Son of Mars is a sneaker directly influenced by Spike Lee's longtime involvement with the brand, as the shoe pieces together models in which Spike (or Mars Blackmon rather) had a hand in launching.

text: The shoe breakdown begins with elements from the first Tinker Hatfield years, Mars Blackmon; Lee's loudmouthed character first appeared alongside Michael Jordan for the release of the Air Jordan III, a sneaker whose immediately recognizable elephant print bookends the Jordan Son of Mars, with sectioning on the back end and towards the toe. Next the Air Jordan IV, which is pretty conspicuous in this hybrid release, shows up only in the form of the netting running below the laces. The sole gottem ion is all Air Jordan V, as the coveted icy treatment splashes across the bottom and the angular 'teeth' of the midsole rear up towards the toe. The V actually extends its reach to the top end too, with the textured Jumpman tongue bursting out from the familiar see-through lacelocks. Building up the ankle area is the higher-hitting support of the Air Jordan VI, complete with the attached loop on back and the perforated paneling reaching up the side of the shoe. The midsection which completes the sneaker is a major fast-forward, leaping ahead to the Air Jordan XX in the form of the lasered strap.

text: The Jordan Son of Mars takes on one of the favorite color schemes in the Jordan Brand line.

text: "Air Jordan Collezione/Countdown packages"[edit]

text: This package consisted of two variations of Retro Air Jordan, in which each model number equaled 23. So the Retro I was released in a package with the Retro XXII, the Retro II with the Retro XXI, etc.

text: "Air Jordan X/XIII "[edit]

text: The first Countdown package consisted of the reintroduced Air Jordan XIII model in white/black-true red. The package also included a pair of the shadow grey Air Jordan X model with the number 23 stitched on the side of the shoes. The package cost US$400.00 and was released January 19, 2008.

text: "Air Jordan IX/XIV"[edit]

text: The second Countdown package consisted of the Air Jordan Retro XIV model in Black/Varsity Red which was similar to the Air Jordan "Last Shot" XIV model though it consisted of a white stitching on the sides, a different color outer arch, and a different colored Jumpman logo on the side. The other Air Jordan was the Air Jordan Retro IX model in a White/Black/True Red colorway. The package retailed for US$310.00 and was released March 15, 2008.

text: "Air Jordan XXI/II"[edit]

text: The third Countdown package consisted of the Air Jordan Retro II model in White/Varsity Red. The other Air Jordan in this package was the Air Jordan Retro XXI model in Black/Varsity Red. The package retailed US$310.00 and was released April 26, 2009.

text: "Air Jordan XVII/VI"[edit]

text: The fourth Countdown package consisted of the Air Jordan Retro VI model in White/Carmine. The other Air Jordan in this package would be Air Jordan Retro XVII model in Black/Metallic Silver. The package cost US$310.00and was released May 24, 2008.

text: "Air Jordan XII/XI"[edit]

text: The final Countdown package consisted of the Air Jordan Retro XI model in Varsity Red/Black. The other Air Jordan in this package was the Air Jordan Retro XII model in Black/White. The package retailed for US$310.00.

text: Jordan Fusions[edit]

text: This line of sneakers consist of a fusion of several Air Jordan and Air Force One Models.

text: Air Jordan XII Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan XII model and the Midtop Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan III Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan III model and the Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan V Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: This package is the only original colorway of the Air Jordan V model that was not released in the last round of re-releases. Like the Air Jordan V model, the outsole is a mix of black and clear rubber; there is no visible air sole unit in these shoes. The shoe a rubber loop in the back, middle upright cotton jumpman, rubber tongue, and the lace lock first was brought in an infrared colorway. It is said Michael Jordan wears these shoes in his practice games.

text: Air Jordan VI Air Force One[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan VI and the Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan XX Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan XX and the Air Force One model. These feature the same laser upper as the original XX but replace the ankle strap and sole with that of the Air Force One. Has the numbers one through till six on the heel to represent Jordan's 6 championships ever.

text: Air Jordan IV Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan IV and the Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan VIII Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan VIII and the Midtop Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan IX Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan IX and the Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan X Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan X and the Midtop Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan XIII Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan XIII and the Midtop Air Force One model.

text: Jordan "6 Rings" shoe[edit]

text: The Jordan 6 Rings (aka Jordan Six Rings) is a combination of the seven Air Jordan shoes that Michael Jordan wore during his 6 Championship seasons. That includes the Air Jordan 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13 and 14. The Jordan Brand company released the "6 Rings" shoes starting in September 2008.

text: The Jordan Brand released colorways representative of each team that the Chicago Bulls defeated in each of their six championship seasons during the 1990s. The colorways include colors borrowed from the following teams: the L.A. Lakers, Portland Trail Blazers, Phoenix Suns, the former Seattle SuperSonics, and Utah Jazz, each shoe of which includes laser-etched graphics detailing specific aspects about that particular championship series, the city of the competing team and so forth. Many other colorways exist and Jordan Brand continues to release additional colors that pay tribute to different Jordan and Nike shoes along with new colorways specific to 6 Rings shoes.

text: There even exists a "winterized 6 rings" which are a modified 6 Rings shoe turned into a durable boot designed for the outdoors which changes some of the design and placement of the inspired pieces and parts from the Air Jordans the shoe pays tribute.

text: Of particular note, there is an Olympic colorway, a Nelly version apparently inspired by the rap artist Nelly and a shoe that combines the colors of all the teams that the Bulls defeated in the NBA Finals, acting as the 'sixth shoe' since only five separate teams were defeated for the Bulls to win six championships; the Utah Jazz was defeated twice, in 1997 and 1998.

text:
Air Jordan 6: Heel tab "spoiler", Jumpman on heel from retro 6 models, and lace locks
Air Jordan 7: Nike Huarache style inner sock and perforated air holes in the mudguard of the upper
Air Jordan 8: Chenille carpet-style sections on the tongue surrounding the Jumpman logo, dual velcro straps, the shape of the "23" printed on the lace locks and the colors on the midfoot arch plate on the sole
Air Jordan 11: Silhouette of upper, lace eyestays on certain models and patent leather mudguard
Air Jordan 12: TWO 3 embroidered on the tongue and metal lace loops at top of the ankle
Air Jordan 13: Midsole "pods" and panther paw-shaped outsole
Air Jordan 14: Small Jumpman logo embroidered at the top

text: Controversy[edit]

text: The Air Jordan line has been associated with many riots, assaults, robberies, and murders, such as the murder of a 15-year-old high school student named Michael Eugene Thomas who was choked to death by one of his peers for a pair of Air Jordan sneakers in 1989.[25][26][26][27][28][29][30][31]

text: In 1988, the then-principal of Mumford High School mentioned that clothing-related violence had reached a point where he felt it was necessary to ban certain items of clothing, including the Air Jordan sneaker, from the school grounds.[32] This ban was the first of many dress codes implemented in schools after the wave of robberies, beatings, and shootings over possession of Air Jordan sneakers and other items of clothing.[33]

text: Manufacturing[edit]

text: Nike owns none of the factories where Air Jordans are produced and contracts the work to various factory owners. Company officials say that they only advertise and market the shoes. However, Nike dictates production terms and standards to the contractor, often without questioning labor or safety practices. In April 1997, 10,000 Indonesian workers went on strike over wage violations at an Air Jordan factory. The same month in Vietnam 1,300 workers went on strike demanding a 1-cent-per-hour raise, and a year later in 1998, 3,000 workers in China went on strike to protest hazardous working conditions and low wages cause.[34]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ The date the "Air Jordan I" was released.[1]