document_title: List of Back to the Future characters

question_text: who played marlene mcfly in back to the future

text: List of Back to the Future characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Marty McFly[edit]

text: Martin Seamus "Marty" McFly (portrayed by Michael J. Fox in the films and voiced by David Kaufman in the animated series and AJ LoCascio in Back to the Future: The Game) is the son of George McFly and Lorraine Baines McFly. Marty travels between the past and the future, encountering his ancestors and descendants. Marty and his friend Doc Brown help restore the space-time continuum while encountering Biff Tannen (or members of the Tannen clan) at various points in time.

text: Emmett "Doc" Brown[edit]

text: Doctor Emmett Lathrop "Doc" Brown (portrayed by Christopher Lloyd in the films and Back to the Future: The Game, and voiced by Dan Castellaneta in the animated series) is the inventor of the DeLorean time machine. At various points in time, Doc helps Marty restore the space-time continuum and reverse the changes that were caused by time travel.

text: In 2008, the character was selected by film magazine Empire as one of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time, ranking at #20.[1]

text: Biff Tannen[edit]

text: Biff Howard Tannen (portrayed by Thomas F. Wilson in the films and animated series and voiced by Kid Beyond in Back to the Future: The Game) is the main antagonist of the first 2 films and a local bully who harassed George McFly and has once altered history in the second film. He comes from a long line of bullies in Hill Valley, most of whom harassed members of the McFly family.  Biff is also a descendant of Buford Tannen (also portrayed by Wilson), who is one of Hill Valley's outlaws during the 1880s.

text: McFly family[edit]

text: George McFly[edit]

text: George Douglas McFly (portrayed by Crispin Glover in Back to the Future and by Jeffrey Weissman in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III and voiced by Michael X. Sommers in Back to the Future: The Game) is the father of Marty, Linda and Dave from the union with his wife Lorraine Baines McFly. Although he is one of the main characters in the first movie, George only makes cameos in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III.

text: In the first film, George is portrayed as weak and the main target of Biff Tannen's bullying. The novelization of the film expounds on George's history of weakness, describing two incidents in which he is unable to stand up for himself.  In 1955, in contrast with Marty, George did not have any friends for support and was targeted not only by Biff and his gang but also other kids in school.  He has a penchant for science fiction, and writes some of his own but never allows himself to share them with anyone due to his fear of rejection. In 1955, with Marty's help, he gets the courage to stand up to Biff, knocking him unconscious. As a result, he and Lorraine fall in love and George becomes popular in school for defeating Biff in a fight. In the new future, they are both happily married with George working as a college professor and being a successful writer who orders Biff around. In the alternate timeline in Part II, George was murdered by Biff in 1973.

text: George's character was greatly reduced in the sequels, and the role was recast to Jeffrey Weissman.[2] Weissman wore prosthetics to resemble Glover and imitated Glover's rendering of McFly, and his scenes were spliced with shots of Glover from Back to the Future.[3] The result was so convincing that many people were fooled by it.[3] Glover did not appreciate this, and sued. The lawsuit resulted in the adoption of stricter rules by the Screen Actors Guild to prevent this situation from occurring again.[3]

text: Lorraine Baines-McFly[edit]

text: Lorraine Baines-McFly (portrayed by Lea Thompson and voiced by Aimee Miles in Back to the Future: The Game) is the wife of George McFly and the mother of Marty, Linda and Dave.  She is the eldest daughter of Sam (George DiCenzo) and Stella (Frances Lee McCain) Baines, and sister of Milton (Jason Hervey), Sally (Maia Brewton), Toby, and Joey.

text: In Back to the Future, Lorraine is initially portrayed in 1985 as middle-aged and unhappy. After Marty changes the timeline, she is shown to be fit and happily married to George in 1985.  In Part II, she is still happily married to George in 2015, but in the dystopian alternate 1985 timeline she is widowed and married to Biff.

text: Dave McFly[edit]

text: David "Dave" McFly (portrayed by Marc McClure) is the eldest child of George and Lorraine McFly.  In 1985 before Marty went to 1955, Dave works at Burger King, but in the post-time travel 1985 he wears a suit as a nondescript white-collar worker for an accounting firm.  In a deleted scene from Part II, the alternate 1985 timeline shows that Dave is an alcoholic and a gambling addict following George's death and Lorraine's second marriage to Biff.

text: Linda McFly[edit]

text: Linda McFly (portrayed by Wendie Jo Sperber) is the middle child and only daughter of George and Lorraine McFly. In 1985 before Marty went to 1955, Linda is having boy trouble and it is unknown if she is in college or has a job. In 1985 after Marty went to 1955, Linda works in a boutique and has gained the attention of many boys.

text: Seamus and Maggie McFly[edit]

text: Seamus and Maggie McFly (portrayed by Michael J. Fox and Lea Thompson) are Irish immigrants and the paternal great-great-grandparents of Marty McFly. In Part III, Marty is befriended by Seamus and Maggie. While Maggie does not trust the "strange young man", Seamus has a familiar feeling about him and believes that helping him is the right thing to do. They have a son named William (Marty's great-grandfather).  Much like his descendants, Seamus is harassed by a member of the Tannen family, Buford Tannen.

text: Maggie McFly is played by Lea Thompson, who also plays Marty's mother Lorraine, even though Maggie is not an ancestor of Lorraine; in a DVD commentary track for Part III, Bob Gale states that the creative team considered it important to include Thompson in the film, and he imagines that McFly men are simply "genetically predisposed" to be attracted to women who look like her.

text: Marty (Jr.) and Marlene McFly[edit]

text: Marty (Jr.) and Marlene McFly (both portrayed by Michael J. Fox) are Marty McFly and Jennifer Parker's future fraternal twin son and daughter in Part II.

text: Originally Marty (Jr.) was to be arrested for joining a robbery initiated by Griff and his gang. Marlene attempted to help Marty Jr. break out of jail but failed and was sentenced to 20 years in a woman's prison. Doc and Marty prevented the event from ever happening.

text: Brown family[edit]

text: Clara Clayton[edit]

text: Clara Clayton (portrayed by Mary Steenburgen in both Back to the Future Part III and the animated series) is the wife of Doc Brown and mother of Jules and Verne Brown.

text: Clara moved to Hill Valley and originally died in an accident when her wagon plummeted into Shonash Ravine, which was renamed Clayton Ravine in her memory.  The animated series reveals that Clara, along with the rest of the family, moves to the early 1990s and lives in a farmhouse outside of Hill Valley. She then becomes a teacher at Hill Valley Elementary School.

text: Jules and Verne Brown[edit]

text: Jules Eratosthenes Brown and Verne Newton Brown (portrayed by Todd Cameron Brown and Daniel Evans in Back to the Future Part III and voiced by Josh Keaton and Troy Davidson in the animated series) are the two children of Doc Brown and his wife, Clara, who named them after their favorite author Jules Verne.

text: The characters had minor, non-speaking roles in Back to the Future Part III but were further developed in the animated series. Jules, an introvert, mostly imitates his father's interests and mannerisms while Verne appears to be more outgoing and extroverted. Several plot points of the animated series revolve around either Jules or Verne altering history and the steps necessary to correct the damage.

text: Copernicus[edit]

text: Copernicus is Doc's dog from 1955.  Like his other dogs, Copernicus was used in many of Doc's experiments. When Copernicus died, he was replaced by Einstein.

text: Einstein[edit]

text: Einstein (portrayed by Tiger in the first film and Freddie in the other two and voiced by Danny Mann in the animated series) is Doc Brown's pet Catalan sheepdog. He later becomes one of the main characters in the animated series as the Brown family's dog.

text: In the first film, Doc successfully tests his time machine by placing Einstein in it and sending him one minute into the future. In the animated series, Einstein becomes anthropomorphic and smarter, helping Doc with his inventions for traveling to the past and the future.

text: Tannen family[edit]

text: Irving "Kid" Tannen[edit]

text: Kid Tannen is Biff's father who only appears in the Back to the Future game. Kid is a gangster who runs a local speakeasy in the 1930s Hill Valley.  He, like the rest of the Tannen family, bullies the McFly family forcing Marty's grandfather Arthur to do his accounting. Kid is brought down with the help of Marty, a young version of Doc, and Arthur McFly. He later marries Edna Strickland and reforms from his criminal ways with her help.

text: Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen[edit]

text: Buford Tannen (portrayed by Thomas F. Wilson in Back to the Future Part III) is the main antagonist of the third film. He is the great-grandfather of Biff Tannen and the local town outlaw in 1885 Hill Valley. He was nicknamed "Mad Dog" by a newspaper reporter, due to his violent temper and propensity for drooling, a nickname Tannen greatly despises. Buford is cruel, homicidal, rude, and emotionally unstable. He displays a need for control and is brought down to childlike tantrums when he is humiliated or makes mistakes, whether it be something that happens to him or something he says or does. He is often accompanied by his gang (played by Christopher Wynne, Sean Sullivan and Mike Watson), and developed a feud with Marshal James Strickland and his deputies.

text: Griff[edit]

text: Griff (portrayed by Thomas F. Wilson in both Back to the Future Part II and in the animated series) is a grandson of Biff. He is part of a gang that also consists of "Data", "Spike", and "Whitey" (portrayed by Ricky Dean Logan, Darlene Vogel, and Jason Scott Lee).

text: In the animated series, Griff makes a brief cameo appearance in the episode "Solar Sailors" where his grandson, Ziff (also voiced by Wilson), is detained after he attempts to sabotage Marta McFly's space cruiser due to his hatred towards her family.

text: Griff's last name is never mentioned in the movies, which means he could either be the son of Biff's son Biff Jr, or the son of Biff's daughter, Tiffaney. However, in the animated series, Ziff refers that both he and Griff are Tannens.

text: Biff Tannen, Jr.[edit]

text: In the animated series, Biff Jr. is the son of Biff Tannen.  Like his father and paternal relatives, he likes to bully and steal from children around him including Jules and Verne Brown with whom he developed a feud with. In addition, Biff Jr. delights vandalizing other people's properties. Biff Jr. lives with his father with whom he has an abusive relationship. He is voiced by Benji Gregory.

text: Strickland family[edit]

text: Gerald Strickland[edit]

text: Gerald Strickland[4] (portrayed by James Tolkan) is the strict principal of Hill Valley High School. He is the grandson of Chief Marshal James Strickland of Hill Valley 1885.

text: There is a reference from Verne Brown that there is another Strickland who works at Hill Valley Elementary School as its vice principal.[episode needed]

text: James Strickland[edit]

text: James Strickland (portrayed by James Tolkan in Back to the Future Part III) is the chief marshal of Hill Valley in 1885 and the grandfather of Mr. Strickland. He also has an unnamed son (portrayed by Kaleb Henley), who will become Gerald Strickland's father.

text: Edna Strickland[edit]

text: Edna Strickland, in Back to the Future: The Game, is the sister of Gerald Strickland. She is somewhat nicer than her brother, but still set in her ways towards upholding strong morals and abolishing crime and laziness. After Marty alters her original timeline, Edna marries Kid Tannen who becomes the father of Biff Tannen.

text: Other characters[edit]

text: Jennifer Parker[edit]

text: Jennifer Jane Parker is the girlfriend (and, in 2015 in Back to the Future Part II, the wife) of Marty McFly.

text: The character was played by Claudia Wells in Back to the Future. However, Wells was not available to film the sequels for personal reasons, and the role was recast to Elisabeth Shue although Wells reprised her role as Jennifer in Back to the Future: The Game as a punk rock version of her character. Consequently, the opening scene of Back to the Future Part II was re-shot with Shue taking Wells' place, rather than using the ending of Back to the Future.  In the spin-off Back to the Future: the Animated Series, Jennifer was voiced by Cathy Cavadini.

text: In 1985, Jennifer attends Hill Valley High School, along with her boyfriend Marty.  In the animated series, Jennifer is enrolled to Hill Valley College with Marty after graduating high school and working part-time as a tutor. She lives with her family on a ranch, the deed to which was owned by Biff Tannen, after one of his ancestors forced Jennifer's great-great-grandfather to sign it over by holding Jennifer's great-great-grandmother hostage. In the episode "A Friend in Deed", Marty travels back in time to 1875 and sabotages the deal with help from Jules and Verne.[5]

text: In the future witnessed in Back to the Future Part II, Jennifer and Marty had two children, Marlene and Marty Jr. (both played by Michael J. Fox)

text: Douglas J. Needles[edit]

text: Douglas J. Needles (portrayed by Flea in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III) is an acquaintance of Marty McFly and Jennifer Parker from Hill Valley High School.  Like his school's alumnus, Biff Tannen, Needles also has his own gang (portrayed by Christopher Wynne, J.J. Cohen, and Ricky Dean Logan) and develops a rivalry with Marty. Needles often goads Marty into doing reckless things such as a street race that leads Marty to crash into a Rolls Royce and an illegal transaction which results in his firing in 2015.

text: Goldie Wilson[edit]

text: Goldie Wilson (played by Donald Fullilove in part 1) is a young man working at Lou's Cafe in 1955 who goes on to become the first black Mayor of Hill Valley in the 1980s. A campaign poster shows the name Goldie in quotation marks, suggesting Goldie is a nickname, presumably in reference to his gold tooth. He would also have a grandson, Goldie Wilson III (also played by Fullilove) in Part II, who works as a car salesman.

text: Match, Skinhead, and 3-D[edit]

text: Match (portrayed by Billy Zane), Skinhead (portrayed by Jeffrey Jay Cohen), and 3-D (portrayed by Casey Siemaszko) are the three high school boys who make up Biff Tannen's gang in 1955. Their nicknames are only given in the films' novels, screenplays, and credits. Only one of their real names is mentioned in the movies – Biff refers to Skinhead as Joey in one of the 1955 scenes in Back to the Future Part II, while outside of the "Enchantment Under the Sea" dance.

text: In the alternate 1985, the three work in Biff's casino as his bodyguards.  Each gets his nickname from a distinctive character trait. Match often has a match sticking out of his mouth; Skinhead has very short, close-cropped hair; 3-D is always wearing a pair of anaglyphic 3-D glasses (a reference to the 3-D movies that were popular in the 1950s).


document_title: That '70s Show (season 2)

question_text: that 70's show season 2 episode 26

root

text: That '70s Show (season 2)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Topher Grace as Eric Forman
Mila Kunis as Jackie Burkhart
Ashton Kutcher as Michael Kelso
Danny Masterson as Steven Hyde
Laura Prepon as Donna Pinciotti
Wilmer Valderrama as Fez
Debra Jo Rupp as Kitty Forman
Kurtwood Smith as Red Forman
Tanya Roberts as Midge Pinciotti
Don Stark as Bob Pinciotti
Lisa Robin Kelly as Laurie Forman

tag: ul

text: Special appearance[edit]

text:
Paul Anka as Himself
Lyle Waggoner as Himself
Bob Eubanks as Himself

text: Special guest[edit]

text:
Marion Ross as Grandma Forman
Tommy Chong as Leo
Melissa Joan Hart as Mary

text: Recurring[edit]

text: Paul Connor as Timmy

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Neil Flynn as the Bouncer
Stephen Tobolowsky as The Professor
Lindsay Sloane as Patty
Jenilee Harrison as Carol
Richard Kline as Ted
Amy Adams as Kat Peterson
Maud Adams as Holly
Kristina Wayborn as Honor
Barbara Carrera as Barbara
Kevin McDonald as Dave
Mac Davis as St. Peter

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code261"Garage Sale"David TrainerDave SchiffSeptember 28, 1999 (1999-09-28)204
Hyde makes "special brownies" for the Formans' garage sale as Red's job at the plant has come to an end, but things don't go the way he intends when Red, Kitty, Bob and Midge eat all the brownies. A stoned Red accidentally sells Eric's Vista Cruiser and Fez kisses Jackie, which only earns him a punch in the face from Kelso.
272"Red's Last Day"David TrainerMark BrazillOctober 5, 1999 (1999-10-05)201
On his last day of work at the plant, a depressed Red gets drunk with his co-workers at a bar and when Eric, Hyde and Fez go to collect him, they get drunk as well. Meanwhile, Kelso gets a free van from his uncle and Laurie starts to get a little amorous with him. Jackie and Donna talk about sex.
283"The Velvet Rope"David TrainerJoshua Sternin & Jeffrey VentimiliaOctober 12, 1999 (1999-10-12)202
Tired of her parents' odd behavior, Donna forces Eric, Hyde and Fez to take her to a dance club in Chicago, but initially only Donna is let in, forcing the guys to think up ways to get in. Kelso gets a makeover from Jackie, and Red starts looking for other jobs in town but hits a snag when he finds his former co-workers from the plant are after the same job he discovers.
294"Laurie and the Professor"David TrainerLinda WallemOctober 19, 1999 (1999-10-19)203
One of Laurie's college professors (Stephen Tobolowsky) tries to get her to return to classes. Eric discovers his real reason for being at the Forman house and attempts to blackmail his sister with the information. Meanwhile, Hyde is having difficulty finding a suitable place to sleep and Donna is the center of her parents' fighting, as they attempt to win her favor by taking her shopping.
305"Halloween"David TrainerJoshua Sternin & Jeffrey VentimiliaOctober 26, 1999 (1999-10-26)208
The gang is at odds with each other after finding their old permanent records on Halloween night at their old, burned down elementary school. Many secrets are revealed. These include: that Donna used to streak; Kelso had to repeat the first grade; Jackie's middle name is Beulah; Eric was responsible for the first time Hyde got in trouble; the time Hyde kissed Donna; and Jackie saying that Fez was a better kisser than Kelso. Meanwhile, Red and Kitty reminisce about their first Halloween at Point Place.
316"Vanstock"David TrainerArthur F. MontmorencyNovember 2, 1999 (1999-11-02)210
The gang heads off to "Vanstock" and Laurie tags along. Donna is upset with Eric for not telling her about Kelso and Laurie, while Hyde fools around with the knowledge on their relationship to Jackie and Laurie, much to Kelso's dismay. Back at home, Red begins to watch soap operas under Midge's influence.
327"I Love Cake"David TrainerJeff FilgoNovember 9, 1999 (1999-11-09)205
After Donna says "I love you", Eric responds strangely and is confused with how he should return his feelings. Jackie buys Kelso a jacket which makes him resemble Fonzie and Bob is kicked out of the house by Midge. Bob moves in with the Formans, much to Red and Kitty's dismay, forcing Red to come up with a plan to get him back into his own home.
338"Sleepover"David TrainerDean Batali & Rob des HotelNovember 16, 1999 (1999-11-16)207
Eric and Donna sleep together but don't have sex. This prompts many jokes from the guys, convincing Eric he must do it the next time. Seeing money is tight in the Forman home, Hyde goes out to find a job at a photo-developing store, where the hippie Leo (Tommy Chong) is introduced.
349"Eric Gets Suspended"David TrainerPhilip StarkNovember 30, 1999 (1999-11-30)209
Eric gets suspended from school after getting caught holding Donna's cigarette; as punishment, Red makes him smoke a whole pack. Jackie is upset Kelso won't let her decorate his van, and Hyde and Fez go on a double blind date.
3510"Red's Birthday"David TrainerMark HudisDecember 7, 1999 (1999-12-07)206
Red's birthday turns sour when Bob and Midge show up for dinner, but with their own dates. Eric thinks Donna doesn't confide with him as much as she does with others, while Jackie suspects Kelso is keeping something from her.
3611"Laurie Moves Out"David TrainerJohn SchwabDecember 14, 1999 (1999-12-14)211
Laurie moves out of the house and lies to Red about living with another man. Jackie's suspicion with Kelso cheating on her grows, thus he asks Hyde how to keep covering up his secrets.
3712"Eric's Stash"David TrainerChris PetersonJanuary 11, 2000 (2000-01-11)213
Eric wants to buy an anniversary present for Donna, but discovers his secret stash of money has been stolen. His suspicions on who the culprit is could lead to broken friendships. Meanwhile, Jackie enters a beauty pageant with Kelso as her "pageant boy".
3813"Hunting"David TrainerMark BrazillJanuary 18, 2000 (2000-01-18)212
The guys and husbands go deer hunting, while the girls and wives stay at home and play poker, which Laurie cheats at so Kitty can win. Red has a heart-to-heart talk over his angry behavior with Eric.
3914"Red's New Job"David TrainerJeff Filgo & Jackie FilgoFebruary 1, 2000 (2000-02-01)215
A new department store, Price Mart, is opening and Red seeks a managerial position, until Eric is hired as a stock boy first, much to his annoyance. Meanwhile, Laurie wants a real relationship with Kelso, and Kelso is unsure if he should continue dating her. He tries to end it, until Laurie threatens him with revealing his infidelity to Jackie.
4015"Burning Down the House"David TrainerDave SchiffFebruary 7, 2000 (2000-02-07)216
Jackie wants to throw a small, classy party, but Kelso ruins it by inviting everyone. Things get even worse when he accidentally sets her house on fire. Red discovers Bob's secret that he wears a toupee.
4116"The First Time"David TrainerMark HudisFebruary 14, 2000 (2000-02-14)217
Bob and Midge plan to have a second wedding, intending for Donna to write their vows, but she doesn't know how to put them into words. Kitty is upset at not being one of Midge's bridesmaids, while Kelso proves to Jackie he isn't as clueless about the two of them as she thinks he is. Maud Adams guest-starred appearing as a bridesmaid to Tanya Roberts (portraying Midge), along with Kristina Wayborn (her Octopussy co-star) and Barbara Carrera; all four share the title of Bond girl.
4217"Afterglow"David TrainerJeffrey VentimiliaFebruary 21, 2000 (2000-02-21)218
Eric and Donna have sex for the first time. Eric is dismayed to discover he was "awkward and weird." Red gets his first paycheck from Price Mart and celebrates by purchasing a motorcycle, which Kitty objects to at first.
4318"Kitty and Eric's Night Out"David TrainerLinda WallemFebruary 28, 2000 (2000-02-28)214
Red tells Eric to go out with Kitty so they can spend some quality time together, while Hyde is confused why a girl from a previous blind date is going out with Fez. Donna notices a stirring jealously from Jackie towards Fez's new girl.
4419"Parents Find Out"David TrainerMark HudisMarch 7, 2000 (2000-03-07)222
Eric and Donna have to tell their parents they were caught having sex in the back of Eric's Vista Cruiser by the police. Kitty becomes depressed and bedridden over this and Kelso installs a new CB radio in his van.
4520"Kiss of Death"David TrainerRob des Hotel & Dean BataliMarch 20, 2000 (2000-03-20)219
Kelso decides to break up with Laurie, but after she requests a goodbye kiss, Jackie notices and breaks up with him. Eric inadvertently runs over Donna's cat, Mr. Bonkers, and Fez is sent to the hospital after experiencing sharp, stabbing pains in his abdomen.
4621"Kelso's Serenade"David TrainerLinda WallemMarch 27, 2000 (2000-03-27)220
Kelso wants to win Jackie back by writing her a song, but Jackie turns to the unlikeliest person for comfort. Meanwhile, Red, Kitty and Laurie have to spend the weekend with bitter Aunt Pearl (Connie Sawyer), and Eric and Donna get into communication problems.
4722"Jackie Moves On"David TrainerPhilip StarkApril 3, 2000 (2000-04-03)221
Fez asks Jackie out for a date, but it doesn't go as he plans. Eric and Laurie's sibling rivalry heats up as embarrassing secrets about one another are revealed, and Red is upset when Kitty reveals she pawned his mother's necklace to buy food.
4823"Holy Crap!"David TrainerRob des Hotel & Dean BataliMay 1, 2000 (2000-05-01)223
Eric and Laurie quit going to church, which worries Kitty, and Jackie becomes attracted to Kelso when he starts growing a beard.
4924"Red Fired Up"David TrainerDave SchiffMay 8, 2000 (2000-05-08)224
Red redirects his anger away from Eric onto Earl (Robert Clendenin), one of his slacker employees at Price Mart. This makes Eric happy until Red fires Earl, leaving Eric to question his father's work attitude. Kelso dates Laurie again and the gang isn't too happy with his choice.
5025"Cat Fight Club"David TrainerPhilip StarkMay 15, 2000 (2000-05-15)225
Hyde teaches Jackie to be Zen when Laurie insults her. Red finds out that Kelso is dating Laurie and decides to set him straight.
5126"Moon Over Point Place"David TrainerJeff Filgo & Jack FilgoMay 22, 2000 (2000-05-22)226
Eric is jealous when a picture of Donna mooning the camera appears in the yearbook. Bob is still uneasy knowing Eric is sleeping with Donna, and Jackie's constant affection for Hyde leads to a situation which lands Hyde in jail.

tag: table


document_title: Equinox

question_text: where is the sun when there is an equinox

text: Equinox

text: Equinoxes on Earth[edit]

text: General[edit]

text: The equinoxes are the only times when the solar terminator (the "edge" between night and day) is perpendicular to the equator. As a result, the northern and southern hemispheres are equally illuminated. The word comes from Latin equi or "equal" and nox meaning "night".

tag: p

text: In other words, the equinoxes are the only times when the subsolar point is on the equator, meaning that the Sun is exactly overhead at a point on the equatorial line. The subsolar point crosses the equator moving northward at the March equinox and southward at the September equinox.

text: The equinoxes, along with solstices, are directly related to the seasons of the year. In the northern hemisphere, the vernal equinox (March) conventionally marks the beginning of spring in most cultures and is considered the New Year in the Persian calendar or Iranian calendars as Nowruz (means new day), while the autumnal equinox (September) marks the beginning of autumn.[4]

text:
Illumination of Earth by the Sun at the March equinox

The Earth in its orbit around the Sun causes the Sun to appear on the celestial sphere moving over the ecliptic (red), which is tilted on the equator (white).

Diagram of the Earth's seasons as seen from the north. Far right: December solstice.

Diagram of the Earth's seasons as seen from the south. Far left: June solstice.

text: Date[edit]

text: When Julius Caesar established the Julian calendar in 45 BC, he set 25 March as the date of the spring equinox. Because the Julian year is longer than the tropical year by about 11.3 minutes on average (or 1 day in 128 years), the calendar "drifted" with respect to the two equinoxes — such that in AD 300 the spring equinox occurred on about 21 March, and by AD 1500 it had drifted backwards to 11 March.

text: This drift induced Pope Gregory XIII to create a modern Gregorian calendar. The Pope wanted to continue to conform with the edicts concerning the date of Easter of the Council of Nicaea of AD 325, which means he wanted to move the vernal equinox to the date on which it fell at that time (21 March is the day allocated to it in the Easter table of the Julian calendar). However, the leap year intervals in his calendar were not smooth (400 is not an exact multiple of 97). This causes the equinox to oscillate by about 53 hours around its mean position. This in turn raised the possibility that it could fall on 22 March, and thus Easter Day might theoretically commence before the equinox. The astronomers chose the appropriate number of days to omit so that the equinox would swing from 19 to 21 March but never fall on the 22nd (although it can in a handful of years fall early in the morning of that day in the Far East).

text: Names[edit]

text:
Vernal equinox and autumnal equinox: these classical names are direct derivatives of Latin (ver = spring and autumnus = autumn). These are the historically universal and still most widely used terms for the equinoxes, but are potentially confusing because in the southern hemisphere the vernal equinox does not occur in spring and the autumnal equinox does not occur in autumn. The equivalent common language English terms spring equinox and autumn (or fall) equinox are even more ambiguous.[5][6][7] It has become increasingly common for people to mistakenly refer to the September equinox in the southern hemisphere as the Vernal equinox.[8][9]
March equinox and September equinox: names referring to the months of the year they occur, with no ambiguity as to which hemisphere is the context. They are still not universal, however, as not all cultures use a solar-based calendar where the equinoxes occur every year in the same month (as they do not in the Islamic calendar and Hebrew calendar, for example).[10] Although the terms have become very common in the 21st century, they were sometimes used at least as long ago as the mid-20th century.[11]
Northward equinox and southward equinox: names referring to the apparent direction of motion of the Sun. The northward equinox occurs in March when the sun crosses the equator from south to north, and the southward equinox occurs in September when the sun crosses the equator from north to south. These terms can be used unambiguously for other planets. They are rarely seen, although were first proposed over 100 years ago.[12]
First Point of Aries and first point of Libra: names referring to the astrological signs the sun is entering. Due to the precession of the equinoxes, however, the constellations where the equinoxes are currently located are Pisces and Virgo, respectively.[13]

text: Length of equinoctial day and night[edit]

text: Day is usually defined as the period when sunlight reaches the ground in the absence of local obstacles.[citation needed] On the day of the equinox, the center of the Sun spends a roughly equal amount of time above and below the horizon at every location on the Earth, so night and day are about the same length. Sunrise and sunset can be defined in several ways, but a widespread definition is the time that the top limb of the sun is level with the horizon.[14] With this definition, the day is longer than the night at the equinoxes:[2]

text:
From the Earth, the Sun appears as a disc rather than a point of light, so when the centre of the Sun is below the horizon, its upper edge is visible. Sunrise, which begins daytime, occurs when the top of the Sun's disk rises above the eastern horizon. At that instant, the disk's centre is still below the horizon.
The Earth's atmosphere refracts sunlight. As a result, an observer sees daylight before the top of the Sun's disk rises above the horizon.

tag: ol

text: In sunrise/sunset tables, the assumed semidiameter (apparent radius) of the Sun is 16 arcminutes and the atmospheric refraction is assumed to be 34 arcminutes. Their combination means that when the upper limb of the Sun is on the visible horizon, its centre is 50 arcminutes below the geometric horizon, which is the intersection with the celestial sphere of a horizontal plane through the eye of the observer.[15]

text: These effects make the day about 14 minutes longer than the night at the equator and longer still towards the poles. The real equality of day and night only happens in places far enough from the equator to have a seasonal difference in day length of at least 7 minutes,[16] actually occurring a few days towards the winter side of each equinox.

text: The times of sunset and sunrise vary with the observer's location (longitude and latitude), so the dates when day and night are equal also depend upon the observer's location.

text: A third correction for the visual observation of a sunrise (or sunset) is the angle between the apparent horizon as seen by an observer and the geometric (or sensible) horizon. This is known as the dip of the horizon and varies from 3 arcminutes for a sunbather stood on the sea shore to 160 arcminutes for a mountaineer on Everest.[17] The light path of such a large dip (over 2½°) accounts for the phenomenon of snow on a mountain peak turning gold in the sunlight long before the lower slopes are illuminated.

text: At the equinoxes, the rate of change for the length of daylight and night-time is the greatest. At the poles, the equinox marks the transition from 24 hours of nighttime to 24 hours of daylight (or vice versa).[citation needed]

text: The word equilux is sometimes (but rarely) used to mean a day in which the durations of light and darkness are equal.[18][note 1]

text: Geocentric view of the astronomical seasons[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In the half-year centered on the June solstice, the Sun rises north of east and sets north of west, which means longer days with shorter nights for the northern hemisphere and shorter days with longer nights for the southern hemisphere. In the half-year centered on the December solstice, the Sun rises south of east and sets south of west and the durations of day and night are reversed.

text: Also on the day of an equinox, the Sun rises everywhere on Earth (except at the poles) at about 06:00 and sets at about 18:00 (local solar time). These times are not exact for several reasons:

text:
The Sun is much larger in diameter than the Earth, so that more than half of the Earth could be in sunlight at any one time (due to unparallel rays creating tangent points beyond an equal-day-night line).
Most places on Earth use a time zone which differs from the local solar time by minutes or even hours. For example, if a location uses a time zone with reference meridian 15° to the east, the Sun will rise around 07:00 on the equinox and set 12 hours later around 19:00.
Day length is also affected by the variable orbital speed of the Earth around the sun. This combined effect is described as the equation of time. Thus even locations which lie on their time zone's reference meridian will not see sunrise and sunset at 6:00 and 18:00. At the March equinox they are 7–8 minutes later, and at the September equinox they are about 7–8 minutes earlier.
Sunrise and sunset are commonly defined for the upper limb of the solar disk, rather than its center. The upper limb is already up for at least a minute before the center appears, and the upper limb likewise sets later than the center of the solar disk. Also, when the Sun is near the horizon, atmospheric refraction shifts its apparent position above its true position by a little more than its own diameter. This makes sunrise more than two minutes earlier and sunset an equal amount later. These two effects combine to make the equinox day 12 h 7 min long and the night only 11 h 53 min. Note, however, that these numbers are only true for the tropics. For moderate latitudes, the discrepancy increases (e.g., 12 minutes in London); and closer to the poles it becomes very much larger (in terms of time). Up to about 100 km from either pole, the Sun is up for a full 24 hours on an equinox day.
Height of the horizon changes the day's length. For an observer atop a mountain the day is longer, while standing in a valley will shorten the day.

text: Day arcs of the Sun[edit]

text: Some of the statements above can be made clearer by picturing the day arc (i.e., the path along which the Sun appears to move across the sky). The pictures show this for every hour on equinox day. In addition, some 'ghost' suns are also indicated below the horizon, up to 18° below it; the Sun in such areas still causes twilight. The depictions presented below can be used for both the northern and the southern hemispheres. The observer is understood to be sitting near the tree on the island depicted in the middle of the ocean; the green arrows give cardinal directions.

text:
In the northern hemisphere, north is to the left, the Sun rises in the east (far arrow), culminates in the south (right arrow), while moving to the right and setting in the west (near arrow).
In the southern hemisphere, south is to the left, the Sun rises in the east (near arrow), culminates in the north (right arrow), while moving to the left and setting in the west (far arrow).

text: The following special cases are depicted:

text:
Day arc at 0° latitude (equator)
The arc passes through the zenith, resulting in almost no shadows at high noon.

Day arc at 20° latitude
The Sun culminates at 70° altitude and its path at sunrise and sunset occurs at a steep 70° angle to the horizon. Twilight still lasts about one hour.

Day arc at 50° latitude
Twilight lasts almost two hours.

Day arc at 70° latitude
The Sun culminates at no more than 20° altitude and its daily path at sunrise and sunset is at a shallow 20° angle to the horizon. Twilight lasts for more than four hours.

Day arc at 90° latitude (pole)
If it were not for atmospheric refraction, the Sun would be on the horizon all the time.

text: Celestial coordinate systems[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The vernal equinox occurs in March, about when the Sun crosses the celestial equator south to north. The term "vernal point" is used for the time of this occurrence and for the direction in space where the Sun is seen at that time, which is the origin of some celestial coordinate systems:

text:
in the ecliptic coordinate system, the vernal point is the origin of the ecliptic longitude;
in the equatorial coordinate system, the vernal point is the origin of the right ascension.

text: Strictly speaking, at the equinox the Sun's ecliptic longitude is zero. Its latitude will not be exactly zero since the Earth is not exactly in the plane of the ecliptic. Its declination will not be exactly zero either. (The ecliptic is defined by the center of mass of the Earth and Moon combined). The modern definition of equinox is the instants when the Sun's apparent geocentric longitude is 0° (northward equinox) or 180° (southward equinox).[19][20][21] See the adjacent diagram.

text: Because of the precession of the Earth's axis, the position of the vernal point on the celestial sphere changes over time, and the equatorial and the ecliptic coordinate systems change accordingly. Thus when specifying celestial coordinates for an object, one has to specify at what time the vernal point and the celestial equator are taken. That reference time is called the equinox of date.[22]

text: The autumnal equinox is at ecliptic longitude 180° and at right ascension 12h.

text: The upper culmination of the vernal point is considered the start of the sidereal day for the observer. The hour angle of the vernal point is, by definition, the observer's sidereal time.

text: Using the current official IAU constellation boundaries – and taking into account the variable precession speed and the rotation of the celestial equator – the equinoxes shift through the constellations as follows[23] (expressed in astronomical year numbering in which the year 0 = 1 BC, −1 = 2 BC, etc.):

text:
The March equinox passed from Taurus into Aries in year −1865, passed into Pisces in year −67, will pass into Aquarius in year 2597, and then into Capricornus in year 4312. In 1489 it came within 10 arcminutes of Cetus without crossing the boundary.
The September equinox passed from Libra into Virgo in year −729, will pass into Leo in year 2439.

text: Cultural aspects[edit]

text: The equinoxes are sometimes regarded as the start of spring and autumn. A number of traditional (harvest) festivals are celebrated on the date of the equinoxes.

text: Effects on satellites[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: One effect of equinoctial periods is the temporary disruption of communications satellites. For all geostationary satellites, there are a few days around the equinox when the sun goes directly behind the satellite relative to Earth (i.e. within the beam-width of the ground-station antenna) for a short period each day. The Sun's immense power and broad radiation spectrum overload the Earth station's reception circuits with noise and, depending on antenna size and other factors, temporarily disrupt or degrade the circuit. The duration of those effects varies but can range from a few minutes to an hour. (For a given frequency band, a larger antenna has a narrower beam-width and hence experiences shorter duration "Sun outage" windows.)[citation needed]

text: Equinoxes on other planets[edit]

text: Equinoxes occur on any planet with a tilted rotational axis. A dramatic example is Saturn, where the equinox places its ring system edge-on facing the Sun. As a result, they are visible only as a thin line when seen from Earth. When seen from above – a view seen during an equinox for the first time from the Cassini space probe in 2009 – they receive very little sunshine, indeed more planetshine than light from the Sun.[24] This phenomenon occurs once every 14.7 years on average, and can last a few weeks before and after the exact equinox. Saturn's most recent equinox was on 11 August 2009, and its next will take place on 6 May 2025.[25]

text: Mars's most recent equinox was on 5 May 2017 (northern spring), and the next will be on 22 May 2018 (northern autumn).


document_title: Birth (American Horror Story)

question_text: who gets vivien pregnant in american horror story

text: Birth (American Horror Story)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Nora (Lily Rabe) protects a young Tate (Paul Butler) from the Infantata (Ben Woolf), whom she still refers to as her son, Thaddeus. She tells Tate that if he tells them to "go away", the ghosts will listen and leave him alone. Tate grows closer to her, telling her that he wished he had her as a mother.

text: Tate (Evan Peters) cannot promise Vivien's baby to Nora, for fear of revealing to Violet that he raped her mother, but Nora is resolved to take the child anyway. Ben (Dylan McDermott) picks up Vivien (Connie Britton) to take her from the ward to her flight to Florida, not understanding why Violet (Taissa Farmiga) refuses to leave with him. The doctor strongly warns Vivien and Ben that, despite only being six months in the womb, one of the twins is ready to be born any minute, and the other twin is dying because the dominant twin is taking all the nutrients.

text: In the house, Violet and Tate encounter Chad (Zachary Quinto) and Patrick (Teddy Sears) preparing a nursery and cribs, and they reveal they plan to take the twins. Violet objects and contacts Constance (Jessica Lange) for help. Constance confronts Chad and says he can have Ben's child, but her grandson is her own. Learning that Tate is the father of the other twin, Chad remains resolved to take both children. Constance and Violet enlist the help of Billie Dean (Sarah Paulson), who senses Violet is dead, but keeps it a secret from Constance at her request. She tells Violet that she can banish a spirit if she burns one of its close possessions and recites the word "Croatoan". Tate obtains Patrick's ring when Patrick attacks him, while screaming that he could have been "free" of Chad and the house if Tate hadn't killed him, which Chad overhears, leaving him heartbroken.

text: Ben enters the house to get Vivien's bags and Violet. Violet tells him that she is dead from suicide and cannot leave the house, and urges him to take Vivien far away from the house and its ghosts before she gives birth, but Ben refuses to listen to her and takes her to the car. Meanwhile, Vivien goes into labor in the car and Constance appears, and takes her into the house. The power goes out and ghosts destroy the car, forcing Ben and Vivien to have the babies there. Dr. Charles Montgomery (Matt Ross) handles the delivery, with the nurses' Maria and Gladys (Celia Finkelstein and Rosa Salazar) assistance. Constance urges Ben to accept the house's help with the birth.

text: In the basement, Violet burns Patrick's ring and Chad's watch, and recites the spell, but Chad mocks her, saying that "banishment spells" are all fake. When she asks why he is destroying the cribs, he explains that he now knows that Patrick no longer loves him and has given up. He then tells her that Tate killed him and Patrick and also raped Vivien.

text: While Vivien gives birth, Ben helps her with her breathing, remembering the day Violet was born. The first twin is stillborn, and Dr. Montgomery hands it to Nora. Constance takes the second twin, and she and Moira (Frances Conroy) gush over it, until Hayden (Kate Mara) appears and demands the child. Vivien begins to postpartum hemorrhage due to the larger child, and Violet appears, and apologizes to her, and urges her to let go and join her in death. Ben, unaware of Violet's presence, urges Vivien to live, promising her that they can still have a happy life together. Vivien dies and Ben finds himself alone.

text: Violet confronts Tate, revealing that she knows all he has done and she forces him to remember the school massacre. Distraught, Tate begs for forgiveness, saying that Violet has changed him. She believes him, but cannot forgive him because Vivien is dead and Ben is alone. She states he must be punished for it and that, therefore, she cannot be with him anymore. She forcefully banishes him by saying "go away" and Tate disappears. Violet, alone and crying, is soon comforted by Vivien's ghost, who tells her she was brave and that she is proud of her. Violet says she's sorry that she and the baby died, and Vivien states that she didn't lose her baby – referring to Violet.

text: Production[edit]

text: The episode was written by consulting producer Tim Minear, while Alfonso Gomez-Rejon directed.

text: In an interview with Entertainment Weekly, series co-creator Ryan Murphy stated that he had told Connie Britton, early on, that her character Vivien would die this season. "We've really had the whole season mapped out from the beginning," he said. "In the meetings with the core actors, the three leads being Connie, Dylan [McDermott] and Jessica [Lange], as we tried to snare them we were able to say this is where you start, this is the middle, and this is where you end up. So, yes, I was able to tell Connie really the whole run of the series."[1]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes reports a 100% approval rating, based on 8 reviews.[2] James Queally of The Star-Ledger commented about the episode, "For 10 episodes American Horror Story has ranged from ridiculous to ghoulish fun... but "Birth" is all execution, and quite frankly, that might be exactly what this show needs to be."[3] The A.V. Club's Todd VanDerWerff stated, "In general, I thought "Birth" was basically fine, just my kind of genre hokum/guilty pleasure. But at the same time, it was just a touch too sedate."[4]

text: In its original American broadcast, "Birth" was seen by an estimated 2.59 million household viewers and earned a 1.4 rating share among adults aged 18–49, according to Nielsen Media Research. The episode was up in number of viewers but down in the age range from the previous episode.[5]


document_title: List of Outlander episodes

question_text: when is outlander season 3 episode 3 airing

text: List of Outlander episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
16
8
August 9, 2014 (2014-08-09)
September 27, 2014 (2014-09-27)

8
April 4, 2015 (2015-04-04)
May 30, 2015 (2015-05-30)

2
13
April 9, 2016 (2016-04-09)
July 9, 2016 (2016-07-09)

3
13
September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
December 10, 2017 (2017-12-10)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2014–15)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

Volume One

1
1
"Sassenach"
John Dahl
Ronald D. Moore
August 9, 2014 (2014-08-09)
0.72[5]

In 1946, Claire Randall is a former WWII combat nurse visiting Inverness, Scotland, with her husband Frank, getting to know each other again after their wartime separation. Frank is researching his family history, in particular his 18th Century ancestor Jonathan "Black Jack" Randall. The morning after observing a modern Druid ritual at the standing stones on the hill of Craigh na Dun, Claire touches one of the stones, and wakes up lying on the ground. Soon she is in the middle of a skirmish between English redcoats and rebel Highlanders, and comes face to face with Frank's double, Randall, who is captain of the Dragoons. A Scotsman rescues Claire and she meets Jamie Fraser. She is able to set his dislocated arm and later treat his bullet wound, as they flee. Claire is brought to Castle Leoch, and realises that she has somehow travelled back in time.

2
2
"Castle Leoch"
John Dahl
Ronald D. Moore
August 16, 2014 (2014-08-16)
0.90[6]

Claire is presented to Colum MacKenzie, laird of the castle, and realises she is suspected of being an English spy. She meets Geillis Duncan, and witnesses Jamie doing a kindness for Laoghaire, the pretty young granddaughter of Mrs. Fitzgibbons. As Claire plans to return to Inverness and the standing stones, Colum decides it is best to keep her at Leoch, against her will, as healer to the clan.

3
3
"The Way Out"
Brian Kelly
Anne Kenney
August 23, 2014 (2014-08-23)
1.00[7]

Claire hopes that her medical skills will earn her the trust of the MacKenzies, and her eventual freedom, but manages only to make herself indispensable. By saving Mrs. Fitzgibbons's nephew from poisoning, which the fanatical Father Bain had declared as demonic possession, Claire makes a new enemy. After she and Jamie collude to help a youth punished for stealing, Claire is given renewed hope of being able to travel home when she hears a folk tale about a time traveller and the standing stones.

4
4
"The Gathering"
Brian Kelly
Matthew B. Roberts
August 30, 2014 (2014-08-30)
0.84[8]

Claire plots her escape during a clan gathering at Leoch, but Jamie convinces her that she would fail. Escorting her back, he finds himself in a dangerous position with Colum that he had been trying to avoid, but manages to make an oath of loyalty while manoeuvering himself out of trouble with his kinsman. Claire earns Dougal's respect while tending a dying man on a boar hunt, and he decides to take her with him on his rent collecting tour.

5
5
"Rent"
Brian Kelly
Toni Graphia
September 6, 2014 (2014-09-06)
0.95[9]

Claire clashes with Dougal and his men on the rent-collecting journey, especially when Dougal uses Jamie's scars to collect more money from the villagers. Later, she realises that they are collecting funds for the prospective Jacobite army. Knowing from history that their cause is doomed, she tries to warn them off.

6
6
"The Garrison Commander"
Brian Kelly
Ira Steven Behr
September 13, 2014 (2014-09-13)
1.10[10]

The redcoats take Claire to meet General Lord Thomas, who promises her safe passage to Inverness in the company of Randall. When the General leaves, Randall tries to discover why she is in Scotland. She concocts a story and he describes in detail his vicious whipping of young Jamie. Dougal comes to take her away, but Randall insists that he has to deliver Claire to Fort William the following day. They leave, and Dougal tells Claire he does not have to turn her in if she marries Jamie and so becomes Scottish.

7
7
"The Wedding"
Anna Foerster
Anne Kenney
September 20, 2014 (2014-09-20)
1.23[11]

Claire and Jamie get married to protect her from Randall, and try to get to know each other better afterwards to make the consummation less awkward. They realise their feelings for each other, but Claire is still torn thinking about Frank.

8
8
"Both Sides Now"
Anna Foerster
Ronald D. Moore
September 27, 2014 (2014-09-27)
1.42[12]

In 1946, Frank is losing hope of finding Claire, but goes to the standing stones one last time. In the past, Claire finds herself nearby to the stones, and runs for them. She hears Frank calling, and he hears her as well. But Claire is captured by English troops before she can reach the stones, and a despondent Frank leaves, as she is taken to Fort William. Claire nearly talks her way out of being interrogated by Randall, but he turns the tables on her. Just as he is about to rape her at knifepoint, Jamie appears in the window.

Volume Two

9
9
"The Reckoning"
Richard Clark
Matthew B. Roberts
April 4, 2015 (2015-04-04)
1.22[13]

Jamie saves Claire from Black Jack Randall, but the dynamic of their marriage is tested. Jamie tries to ease the conflict between Colum and Dougal sparked by Claire's rescue. Jamie rebuffs a seduction by Laoghaire, who then leaves a bad luck charm under Claire and Jamie's bed.

10
10
"By the Pricking of My Thumbs"
Richard Clark
Ira Steven Behr
April 11, 2015 (2015-04-11)
0.86[14]

Claire confronts a spiteful Laoghaire, but is surprised to learn that the charm came from Geillis. Jamie petitions the Duke of Sandringham for help to rid himself of Randall and the price on his head, while Claire secretly uses her historical knowledge to leverage his help in Jamie's favour. Dougal is inconsolable after his wife's death from an illness, but Geillis, pregnant with his child, is pleased. When Geillis's husband dies at a banquet for the Duke, Claire realises that Geillis poisoned him. Colum forbids Dougal from pursuing a relationship with Geillis, and exiles Dougal to his estate, with Jamie in tow. Claire and Geillis are arrested for witchcraft.

11
11
"The Devil's Mark"
Mike Barker
Toni Graphia
April 18, 2015 (2015-04-18)
1.09[15]

Claire and Geillis face charges of witchcraft. Ned Gowan comes to their defence, but witnesses, including Laoghaire and Father Bain, testify against them, and they are found guilty. Before Jamie can fight his way out of the courtroom with his wife, Geillis confesses and exonerates Claire. Claire recognises from the smallpox vaccine scar on Geillis's shoulder that she too is from the future. Geillis is taken to be burned at the stake. When Jamie asks Claire about her scar, she tells him of her time travel. He believes her, takes her back to Craigh na Dun, and wishes her well in returning to her own time. But Claire decides not to go back.

12
12
"Lallybroch"
Mike Barker
Anne Kenney
April 25, 2015 (2015-04-25)
1.11[16]

Jamie takes Claire to his family home of Lallybroch, where he clashes with his strong willed sister Jenny. Taking up his role as laird, he disrupts the household until Claire sets him straight. After Jamie narrowly avoids a run-in with passing redcoats, he and Jenny make amends.

13
13
"The Watch"
Metin Hüseyin
Toni Graphia
May 2, 2015 (2015-05-02)
1.05[17]

The men of the Watch arrive at Lallybroch, and Jamie pretends to be a Fraser cousin. Claire realises that Jenny's impending childbirth will be a dangerous, breech birth, but Jenny swears her to secrecy. The redcoat defector Horrocks appears, and threatens to reveal that Jamie has a price on his head unless Jamie pays him. Jenny's husband Ian kills Horrocks. Coming clean to the Watch leader MacQuarrie, Jamie agrees to join their raid. Jenny gives birth to a daughter with Claire's help. Meanwhile, the raiding party is ambushed, and Jamie captured by the redcoats.

14
14
"The Search"
Metin Hüseyin
Matthew B. Roberts
May 9, 2015 (2015-05-09)
1.08[18]

Claire and Jenny set out to find Jamie. They learn he has escaped his captors, and a newly arrived Murtagh takes Claire on a journey to find him. Their plan is to have Jamie find them by touring the countryside with Claire as a songstress called "The Sassenach". They attract Dougal's attention, and he tells them that Jamie has been recaptured and tried, and is awaiting execution at Wentworth Prison. Claire makes a deal with Dougal, and convinces his men to help her rescue Jamie.

15
15
"Wentworth Prison"
Anna Foerster
Ira Steven Behr
May 16, 2015 (2015-05-16)
1.01[19]

Randall appears at Wentworth Prison and tortures Jamie, seeking his submission. Meanwhile, Claire gets into the prison to save her husband. When Randall catches her, Jamie agrees to submit to rape by Randall in exchange for her freedom. Before she leaves, Claire "curses" Randall and tells him what will be the date of his death. When all seems lost, Murtagh comes up with a plan to rescue Jamie.

16
16
"To Ransom a Man's Soul"
Anna Foerster
Ira Steven Behr & Ronald D. Moore
May 30, 2015 (2015-05-30)
0.98[20]

Murtagh's rescue is successful and Randall left for dead, but Jamie remains tortured by his ordeal. As Claire tends to his injuries, Jamie is tormented by memory of his rape and torture. Murtagh accompanies them as they set sail for safety in France, where Claire hopes to meet Charles Stuart and somehow prevent the catastrophic Battle of Culloden. As they set sail, Claire tells Jamie that she is pregnant.

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

17
1
"Through a Glass, Darkly"
Metin Hüseyin
Ronald D. Moore
April 9, 2016 (2016-04-09)
1.46[21]

Claire awakes at Craigh Na Dun back in 1948. Grieving over Jamie's assumed death in battle, she is reunited with Frank, who cannot understand her reappearance but is desperate to reconcile. Claire explains where she has been, including her relationship with Jamie and that she is carrying his child. They agree that they will raise the child together and resume married life. She later recalls her arrival with Jamie to France, where they make contact with Jamie's Jacobite cousin Jared Fraser, and make an enemy of the Comte St. Germain.

18
2
"Not in Scotland Anymore"
Metin Hüseyin
Ira Steven Behr
April 16, 2016 (2016-04-16)
1.24[22]

In 1744, Claire and Jamie have settled in Paris, ostensibly working for Jared but actually seeking to foil the Jacobite rebellion. Jared arranges for Jamie to meet with Prince Charles Stuart himself, but Jamie cannot deter him from planning to seize the English throne for his father. Claire secures an invitation to the Palace of Versailles, where she hopes to meet King Louis XV of France and thwart his funding of the Stuart cause. The Frasers make an impression, and are reunited with the Duke of Sandringham. Claire is shocked to learn that Randall is still alive, and is not sure if she should tell Jamie.

19
3
"Useful Occupations and Deceptions"
Metin Hüseyin
Anne Kenney
April 23, 2016 (2016-04-23)
1.21[23]

While Jamie continues to try and sour the financing of Prince Charles's rebellion, Claire makes herself useful at L'Hôpital des Anges, a charity hospital run by the imperious Mother Hildegarde. Claire and Jamie discover that Sandringham is helping Charles secure funds from English nobles, which Jamie hopes to thwart. Though spending time with Sandringham will surely reveal to Jamie that Randall is alive, Claire cannot bear to tell Jamie herself.

20
4
"La Dame Blanche"
Douglas Mackinnon
Toni Graphia
April 30, 2016 (2016-04-30)
1.17[24]

Claire finally tells Jamie about Randall, and the potential for vengeance reinvigorates Jamie. Claire suspects the Comte St. Germain when an attempt is made on her life, and she and Jamie plan a dinner party to paint Charles and his cause in a bad light to Sandringham. Murtagh, Claire and the young Mary Hawkins are attacked on their way to the party, and Mary is raped. Back at the house, the party goes as planned until a misunderstanding sparks a brawl.

21
5
"Untimely Resurrection"
Douglas Mackinnon
Richard Kahan
May 7, 2016 (2016-05-07)
1.13[25]

The disastrous dinner party has discouraged Charles's investors, but the prince finds a new one in Jamie's enemy, St. Germain. Charles puts Jamie and St. Germain into business together, to their concern. Trying to preserve Frank's lineage, Claire sabotages the blossoming relationship between Mary Hawkins and Alex Randall. Randall appears at Versailles, and Jamie challenges him to a duel. Jamie is angry when Claire forces him to swear that he will not harm Randall until he has conceived a child with Mary.

22
6
"Best Laid Schemes..."
Metin Hüseyin
Matthew B. Roberts
May 14, 2016 (2016-05-14)
1.03[26]

Jamie tells Murtagh the truth about Claire's past. Claire uses her medical knowledge to give St. Germain's men symptoms that resemble those of smallpox. Jamie and Murtagh then steal the Comte's wine shipment, seemingly dashing Charles's hopes. Fate brings Jamie and Randall face to face, and Claire arrives just in time to see them duelling. As Jamie stabs Randall and gendarmes arrive to arrest them, a pregnant Claire collapses, bleeding.

23
7
"Faith"
Metin Hüseyin
Toni Graphia
May 21, 2016 (2016-05-21)
1.10[27]

Claire and Jamie's daughter is stillborn, and a devastated Claire nearly dies from fever. With Jamie in the Bastille, Claire discovers that he duelled with Randall because he had discovered the English captain raping Fergus. Claire seeks mercy for Jamie from the king, who forces her to decide the fates of suspected "sorcerers" Master Raymond and St. Germain. She contrives to save them, but Raymond poisons St. Germain. Claire submits sexually to the king in exchange for Jamie's freedom. They reconcile, and visit their daughter Faith's grave before leaving Paris for Scotland.

24
8
"The Fox's Lair"
Mike Barker
Anne Kenney
May 28, 2016 (2016-05-28)
1.06[28]

In Scotland, Jamie finds himself compelled to support the Jacobite rebellion. He and Claire seek military assistance from his grandfather, Lord Lovat, and are reunited with Colum and Laoghaire. Colum hopes to discourage the rebellion, which he is certain will fail. Laoghaire begs Claire's forgiveness, and later agrees to help Claire and Jamie manipulate Lovat. Playing both sides, Lovat promises peace to Colum, but also sends Jamie some troops as reinforcements.

25
9
"Je Suis Prest"
Philip John
Matthew B. Roberts
June 4, 2016 (2016-06-04)
0.94[29]

Claire and Jamie are reunited with Angus, Rupert and Dougal. As Jamie and Murtagh attempt to train Lovat's men, the camps remind Claire of her traumatic experiences in World War II. She and Jamie later coerce young English scout William Grey to reveal vital information about the English army that is nearby.

26
10
"Prestonpans"
Philip John
Ira Steven Behr
June 11, 2016 (2016-06-11)
0.82[30]

Jamie and the Jacobite army undertake their first battle against the English at Prestonpans. Surprising them in the fog, the Highlanders are victorious, but Angus later dies of his injuries.

27
11
"Vengeance Is Mine"
Mike Barker
Diana Gabaldon
June 18, 2016 (2016-06-18)
0.86[31]

When Claire, Jamie and their party are surrounded by redcoats, Claire pretends to be an English hostage so Dougal can negotiate the Highlanders' safe passage. Taken to 'safety', Claire finds herself face to face with the Duke of Sandringham and his goddaughter Mary Hawkins. She also recognises Sandringham's valet, Danton, as the man who had raped Mary. Sandringham intends to lure "Red Jamie" to save Claire, and then turn them both over to the redcoats. Forewarned, Jamie and Murtagh slip into the castle. Mary kills Danton, and Murtagh beheads Sandringham to fulfill his promise to Claire and Mary to avenge their attack in Paris.

28
12
"The Hail Mary"
Philip John
Ira Steven Behr & Anne Kenney
June 25, 2016 (2016-06-25)
1.05[32]

Jamie tries to avoid the Battle of Culloden with a preemptive strike against the English while they are celebrating the Duke of Cumberland's birthday, but the Prince gets lost in the dark. Claire finds herself trying to convince Randall to marry Mary, who is pregnant with a dying Alex's child. A dying Colum asks Claire to help him end his life painlessly. Before she does, he tells her that Geillis was not burned at the stake until after her child with Dougal was born, and that the child was adopted into the MacKenzie clan.

29
13
"Dragonfly in Amber"
Philip John
Toni Graphia & Matthew B. Roberts
July 9, 2016 (2016-07-09)
1.15[33]

In 1968, fifty-year-old Claire is reunited with Reverend Wakefield's adopted son, Roger, in Inverness. Her twenty-year-old daughter, Brianna, discovers that she is not Frank's biological daughter, but refuses to believe her mother's tale of time travel. Meanwhile, Brianna meets Scottish Independence activist Gillian Edgars, whom Claire later recognises is Geillis Duncan. Before the battle of Culloden in 1746, Jamie insists that Claire save herself and their unborn child by travelling back through the stones. Back in 1968, Claire realises Roger is a descendant of Geillis and Dougal. To prevent Gillian's death, they try to stop her from travelling back through time. They arrive too late, but seeing Gillian disappear into the stone convinces Brianna that her mother is telling the truth. Roger reveals to Claire that Jamie did not die at Culloden.

text: Season 3 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

30
1
"The Battle Joined"
Brendan Maher
Ronald D. Moore
September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
1.49[34]

In 1948, a pregnant Claire moves to Boston with Frank. Their relationship is tense, and she struggles to adjust to her new life as a housewife. She gives birth to Jamie's daughter. In 1746, Jamie and Rupert have survived the Battle of Culloden, but Jamie's wounds are grave. They are caught by redcoats, and Rupert is executed. Just as Jamie's turn comes, he is recognised by Lord Melton, the elder brother of the boy—John Grey—whose life Jamie spared before Prestonpans. Bound by honour, Melton sends Jamie home to Broch Tuarach, expecting him to die en route.

31
2
"Surrender"
Jennifer Getzinger
Anne Kenney
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
1.40[35]

Baby Brianna has brought Claire and Frank closer, but the memory of Jamie stands between them. Searching for fulfillment, Claire enrolls in medical school as the only woman in her class. Jamie has survived, but with the English searching for him, he lives in a cave as an outlaw. Soldiers come to Lallybroch repeatedly, harassing Jenny and Ian for information about Jamie's whereabouts. When Fergus loses a hand in a run-in with redcoats, Jamie arranges to be "caught", so that Jenny can claim the reward and the English will leave his family alone.

32
3
"All Debts Paid"
Brendan Maher
Matthew B. Roberts
September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)
1.55[36]

Claire graduates. Years later as Brianna graduates high school, Frank tells Claire he wants a divorce so he can marry his mistress and return to England. They are poised to argue over where Brianna will live, but Frank is killed in a car accident. Jamie is serving time in Ardsmuir Prison, where he is the leader and spokesman for the Scottish prisoners. His uneasy relationship with the new governor, an adult John Grey, evolves into friendship. When the prison is shuttered, Murtagh and the rest of the prisoners are sent to the American colonies as indentured servants, while Grey paroles Jamie to work at a private estate called Helwater.

33
4
"Of Lost Things"
Brendan Maher
Toni Graphia
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
1.59[37]

Claire and Brianna research history to track Jamie to Ardsmuir, but when the trail runs cold, they return to America. Serving as a groom for the Dunsany family, Jamie is blackmailed into sex by heiress Geneva. When she and her earl husband die, leaving their newborn son Willie an orphan, Geneva's sister Isobel keeps the secret that the child is really Jamie's. Years later, when the young earl's resemblance to him is becoming obvious, Jamie leaves Helwater, with Willie in the care of Isobel and Grey, who are engaged to be married.

34
5
"Freedom & Whisky"
Brendan Maher
Toni Graphia
October 8, 2017 (2017-10-08)
1.60[38]

In December 1968, Roger arrives in Boston having discovered a clue to Jamie's whereabouts in 1765. Brianna urges Claire to go back and reunite with Jamie, and mother and daughter have a tearful farewell. In Edinburgh in 1765, Claire finds Jamie in a print shop.

35
6
"A. Malcolm"
Norma Bailey
Matthew B. Roberts
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)
1.72[39]

Claire and Jamie are reunited. She shares photos of Brianna, and he tells Claire about Willie. She also learns that Jamie prints subversive material, smuggles wine and spirits, and lives in a brothel. Claire is reunited with an adult Fergus, and meets some of the prostitutes in Madame Jeanne's establishment. While Jamie is out, Claire finds herself in danger from an intruder.

36
7
"Crème de Menthe"
Norma Bailey
Karen Campbell
October 29, 2017 (2017-10-29)
1.52[40]

Claire's attacker falls and suffers a critical head injury, and she is unable to save his life. Ian arrives looking for his son, Young Ian. Jamie claims he has not seen the boy, though young Ian has been working for him. Young Ian confronts an intruder at the print shop, who discovers Jamie's treason. The shop is soon consumed by fire, but Jamie saves the boy.

37
8
"First Wife"
Jennifer Getzinger
Joy Blake
November 5, 2017 (2017-11-05)
1.64[41]

Jamie takes Claire and young Ian home to Lallybroch. Claire discovers that Jamie married a twice widowed Laoghaire, who accidentally shoots him during a confrontation. Jamie recovers thanks to the penicillin that Claire has brought. Ned Gowan negotiates a settlement with Laoghaire, and Jamie decides to retrieve the treasure on Silky Isle to pay for it. Young Ian swims to the island in an injured Jamie's place. Jamie and Claire are horrified to see the boy forcibly taken aboard a ship and carried away.

38
9
"The Doldrums"
David Moore
Shannon Goss
November 12, 2017 (2017-11-12)
1.49[42]

Learning in France that young Ian's ship is heading for Jamaica, Claire and Jamie pursue it on a trading ship, the Artemis. At sea, Fergus reveals that Laoghaire's daughter Marsali is aboard, and they seek Jamie's approval for their marriage. The British man-of-war Porpoise stops them and seeks help, her crew stricken with a plague. Claire determines that the disease is typhoid fever and trains them to stop its spread, but the ship carries her off with the captain's promise to leave her in Jamaica to wait for the Artemis.

39
10
"Heaven and Earth"
David Moore
Luke Schelhaas
November 19, 2017 (2017-11-19)
1.23[43]

On the Porpoise, Claire struggles against suspicion from some of the crew, but eventually manages to stop the spread of the disease. She discovers that the captain knows Jamie's true identity and plans to have him arrested in Jamaica for treason and murder. When they go ashore, she tries to escape but is apprehended by the captain. That night at sea, a woman named Annejke encourages Claire to jump overboard using an empty barrel as a raft, as the current will carry her towards land. Meanwhile on the Artemis, Jamie is confined after threatening the captain, wanting him to sail faster in pursuit of the Porpoise. He tries to get Fergus to help him take control of the ship, but Fergus instead persuades the captain to let Jamie rejoin the crew after he promises not to mutiny again.

40
11
"Uncharted"
Charlotte Brandström
Karen Campbell & Shannon Goss
November 26, 2017 (2017-11-26)
1.40[44]

Claire swims ashore, and walks inland, struggling to survive the harsh tropical environment. She is found and taken in by Father Fogden, a runaway priest. In passing, he tells her of a cave in Jamaica where people have been known to disappear. A few days later, the Artemis reaches the island, needing to make repairs after a storm, her captain having died. As the ship is about to sail, Claire attracts Jamie's attention from the beach using a mirror. Back on the island, Fogden marries Fergus and Marsali. The next day, Jamie, Claire and the crew set sail for Jamaica.

41
12
"The Bakra"
Charlotte Brandström
Luke Schelhaas
December 3, 2017 (2017-12-03)
1.51[45]

Young Ian is being held prisoner in Jamaica by Geillis. She makes him drink tea that compels him to tell the truth about Jamie and the treasure. Jamie and Claire reach the island, and Claire gets into an altercation at the slave market. Jamie buys her the slave, Temeraire, to defuse the situation. They attend a ball thrown by the new governor, who they discover is Lord John. Claire is reunited with Geillis, who offers to help with their search. At the ball, Margaret Campbell prophesies that a king will rule Scotland again when a two-hundred year-old child is killed. Fergus sees Captain Leonard arrive, and warns Jamie, who flees. Temeraire tells Claire and Jamie that Geillis is holding Ian. On their way to Geillis's villa, Jamie is arrested by Leonard.

42
13
"Eye of the Storm"
Matthew B. Roberts
Matthew B. Roberts & Toni Graphia
December 10, 2017 (2017-12-10)
1.43[46]

Claire is captured whilst searching Geillis's slave houses for Ian. The governor's troops recover Jamie from Captain Leonard, and Grey sets Jamie free after Leonard is unable to produce any evidence of his alleged crimes. Meanwhile, Claire tells Geillis about her return to the 20th century, and Geillis realises that it is Claire's child who must die before Scotland wins its new king. Jamie frees Claire, and they rescue Ian from Geillis, who is killed during the struggle. The group sets sail from Jamaica, but are shipwrecked in a storm. Jamie saves Claire from drowning, and they are washed up together on the shore of Georgia.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Ep. 11
Ep. 12
Ep. 13
Ep. 14
Ep. 15
Ep. 16

1
0.72
0.90
1.00
0.84
0.95
1.10
1.23
1.42
1.22
0.86
1.09
1.11
1.05
1.08
1.01
0.98

2
1.46
1.24
1.21
1.17
1.13
1.03
1.10
1.06
0.94
0.82
0.86
1.05
1.15
N/A

3
1.49
1.40
1.55
1.59
1.60
1.72
1.52
1.64
1.49
1.23
1.40
1.51
1.43
N/A


document_title: The Choice (2016 film)

question_text: where does the movie the choice take place

text: The Choice (2016 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Travis Shaw (Benjamin Walker) is a veterinarian, living in the city of Wilmington, NC, who falls in love on his first meeting with Gabby Holland (Teresa Palmer), who has moved into the house next door. Gabby is a medical student who is in a relationship with a fellow doctor, Ryan McCarthy (Tom Welling). With Ryan out of state overseeing a new hospital opening, Gabby and Travis spend more time together, starting a relationship.

text: Ryan returns, and is keen to resume his relationship with Gabby. Unsure of her feelings, Gabby tells Travis that their relationship wasn't necessarily serious, so she says Yes to Ryan's marriage proposal. Monica (Alexandra Daddario) breaks up with Travis telling him she knows about him and Gabby, and that he should fight for her because they love each other. Travis goes to the hospital, only to find out Gabby left after she broke off her engagement with Ryan. Ryan punches him for the affair. Travis then goes to Gabby's family home to propose to her. After convincing her of his love, she says yes. They marry and over the course of the next few years they have two children and become a happy family.

text: One evening, after a dinner to which Travis has failed to show due to a work emergency, Gabby drives back home but is involved in an accident with another car. She survives but is now in a coma, which seems permanent. Travis, wracked with guilt, has to decide whether to take her off life support.

text: After a storm nearly destroys their house, Travis finds the wind chimes that Gabby had on her porch. Travis goes to his island and builds a gazebo and hangs the wind chimes there. The shell chime starts to ring in the wind and Travis runs to the hospital where Gabby has woken up from her coma. He takes her home where she is welcomed by the family and Travis' sister's newborn child. To make up for missing their dinner date they have one in the front yard, where she tells him she heard everything he said whilst in the coma. The last shot is of Travis and Gabby with their children and dogs sitting in the gazebo called Gabby's Point, looking out onto the shore and up at the stars.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Benjamin Walker as Travis Shaw
Teresa Palmer as Gabby Holland
Maggie Grace as Stephanie Shaw
Alexandra Daddario as Monica
Tom Welling as Dr. Ryan McCarthy
Tom Wilkinson as Dr. Shep
Noree Victoria as Liz
Brad James as Ben
Anna Enger as Megan
Wilbur Fitzgerald as Mr. Holland
Callan White as Mrs. Holland
Jesse C. Boyd as Matt
Dianne Sellers as Jackie
Brett Rice as Dr. McCarthy

text: Production[edit]

text: On June 10, 2014, Lionsgate acquired the American and United Kingdom rights to make a film adaptation of Nicholas Sparks' 2007 novel The Choice. Bryan Sipe wrote the script for the film, which Sparks, Theresa Park and Peter Safran produced.[4] On September 2, Ross Katz was set to direct the film, which Sparks co-financed and -produced with his Nicholas Sparks Productions, along with Safran's The Safran Company.[5] On September 30, Benjamin Walker was cast to play the lead role in the film, Travis Parker.[6] On the same day, Teresa Palmer was cast as the female lead, Gabby Holland.[7] On October 7, Tom Wilkinson was added to the cast to play Dr. Shep.[8] On October 8, Alexandra Daddario, Tom Welling, and Maggie Grace joined the film. Welling plays Ryan, a doctor at his father's practice who is Gabby's boyfriend, and Grace plays Travis' sister, Stephanie.[9]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography on the film began on October 13, 2014, in Wilmington, North Carolina,[10][11] and lasted through November 21.[12][13] For the first three days, the crew and extras filmed at the Dockside Restaurant & Bar and Bridge Tender Marina along with actors, near Wrightsville Beach.[14] On October 20, filming was taking place at Hanover Seaside Club in Wrightsville Beach.[15][15] The production later moved to downtown Wilmington, where filming took place in a house.[11][15]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Choice grossed $18.7 million in North America and $4.7 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $23.4 million.[3]

text: The film was released in North America on February 5, 2016, alongside Pride and Prejudice and Zombies and Hail, Caesar!. The film was projected to gross $7–9 million from 2,631 theaters in its opening weekend.[2] It made $290,000 from Thursday night previews and $6,050,443 in its opening weekend, finishing fifth at the box office behind Kung Fu Panda 3 ($21.2 million), Hail, Caesar! ($11.4 million), Star Wars: The Force Awakens ($7 million) and The Revenant ($6.9 million).[16][17][18]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The Choice received negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 11%, based on 79 reviews, with an average rating of 3.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Like the 10 Nicholas Sparks movies before it, The Choice finds tragedy striking star-crossed lovers in the sun-dappled South – yet even for those who loved its predecessors, this gauzy melodrama may feel painfully formulaic."[19] Metacritic reports a score of 26 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[20] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[17]

text: Frank Schenk of the Hollywood Reporter criticized the film as being "the cinematic equivalent of staring at a Hallmark Card for two hours."[21] A. A. Dowd of the A.V. Club called it "a formulaic mush".[22] Moira Macdonald of the Seattle Times wrote the film "moves inexorably to its inevitable tear-jerky end."[23] Andrew Barker of Variety  describes the film as "beginning as a merely mediocre retread of standard Sparksian tropes, veering off into self-parody around the hour-mark, and finally concluding with one of the most brazenly cynical climaxes recently committed to film."[24] Devan Coggan of Entertainment Weekly concluded that the film was a "predictable, recycled mess."[25]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Choice was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 3, 2016. The movie was released for inclusion in Amazon Prime membership in 2017.


document_title: Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom

question_text: what is the biggest ethnic group in uk

question_tokens: what is the biggest ethnic group in uk

text: Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom

text: History[edit]

text: Historically, British people were believed to be descended from the varied ethnic stocks that settled there before the 11th century; the pre-Celts, Celts, Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Norse and the Normans.[1] Some recent genetic analysis has suggested that the majority of the traceable ancestors of the modern British population arrived between 15,000 and 7,500 years ago and that the British broadly share a common ancestry with the Basque people,[2] although there is no consensus amongst geneticists.[3]

text: The first Jews in Britain were brought to England in 1070 by King William the Conqueror, while Roma in Britain have been documented since the 16th century. The UK has a history of small-scale non-European immigration, with Liverpool having the oldest Black British community, dating back to at least the 1730s during the period of the African slave trade,[4] and the oldest Chinese community in Europe, dating to the arrival of Chinese seamen in the 19th century.[5]

text: Since 1948 substantial immigration from Africa, the Caribbean and South Asia has been a legacy of ties forged by the British Empire.[6] Migration from new EU member states in Central and Eastern Europe since 2004 has resulted in growth in these population groups.[7]

text: Sociologist Steven Vertovec argues that whereas "Britain's immigrant and ethnic minority population has conventionally been characterized by large, well-organized African-Caribbean and South Asian communities of citizens originally from Commonwealth countries or formerly colonial territories", more recently the level of diversity of the population has increased significantly, as a result of "an increased number of new, small and scattered, multiple-origin, transnationally connected, socio-economically differentiated and legally stratified immigrants". He terms this "superdiversity".[8]

text: Official classification of ethnicity[edit]

text: The 2001 UK Census classified ethnicity into several groups: White, Black, Asian, Mixed, Chinese and Other.[10][11] These categories formed the basis for all National Statistics ethnicity statistics until the 2011 Census results were issued.[11] The 1991 UK census was the first to include a question on ethnicity.[12][13] A number of academics have pointed out that the ethnicity classification employed in the census and other official statistics in the UK since 1991 involve confusion between the concepts of ethnicity and race.[14][15] David I. Kertzer and Dominique Arel argue that this is the case in many censuses, and that "the case of Britain is illuminative of the recurring failure to distinguish race from ethnicity".[15] User consultation undertaken for the purpose of planning the 2011 census revealed that some participants thought the "use of colour (White and Black) to define ethnicity is confusing or unacceptable".[16]

text: Population by ethnicity[edit]

text: According to the 2011 Census, the ethnic composition of the United Kingdom was as set out in the table below.

text:
Ethnic group
Population (2011)
Percentage of total population[17]

White or White British: Total
55,010,359
87.1

Gypsy/Traveller/Irish Traveller: Total
63,193
0.1

Asian or Asian British: Indian
1,451,862
2.3

Asian or Asian British: Pakistani
1,174,983
1.9

Asian or Asian British: Bangladeshi
451,529
0.7

Asian or Asian British: Chinese
433,150
0.7

Asian or Asian British: Other Asian
861,815
1.4

Asian or Asian British: Total
4,373,339
6.9

Black or Black British: Total[note 1]
1,904,684
3.0

Mixed or Multiple: Total
1,250,229
2.0

Other Ethnic Group: Total
580,374
0.9

Total
63,182,178
100

text: Jump up ^ For the purpose of harmonising results to make them comparable across the UK, the ONS includes individuals in Scotland who classified themselves in the "African" category (29,638 people), which in the Scottish version of the census is separate from "Caribbean or Black" (6,540 people),[18] in this "Black or Black British" group. The ONS note that "the African categories used in Scotland could potentially capture White/Asian/Other African in addition to Black identities".[19]

text: Multiculturalism and integration[edit]

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (September 2016)

text: In 1950 it is estimated there were no more than 20,000 non-white residents in the United Kingdom,mainly in England and almost all born overseas.[20]With considerable migration after the Second World War making the UK an increasingly ethnically and racially diverse state especially in London, race relations policies have been developed that broadly reflect the principles of multiculturalism, although there is no official national commitment to multiculturalism.[21][22][23] This model has faced criticism on the grounds that it has failed to sufficiently promote social integration,[24][25][26] although some commentators have questioned the dichotomy between diversity and integration that this critique presumes.[25] It has been argued that the UK government has since 2001, moved away from policy characterised by multiculturalism and towards the assimilation of minority communities.[27]

text: Attitudes to multiculturalism[edit]

text: A poll conducted by MORI for the BBC in 2005 found that 62 per cent of respondents agreed that multiculturalism made Britain a better place to live, compared to 32 percent who saw it as a threat.[28] Ipsos MORI data from 2008 by contrast, showed that only 30 per cent saw multiculturalism as making Britain a better place to live, with 38 per cent seeing it as a threat. 41 per cent of respondents to the 2008 poll favoured the development of a shared identity over the celebration of diverse values and cultures, with 27 per cent favouring the latter and 30 per cent undecided.[29]

text: A study conducted for the Commission for Racial Equality (CRE) in 2005 found that in England, the majority of ethnic minority participants called themselves British, whereas indigenous English participants said English first and British second. In Wales and Scotland the majority of white and ethnic minority participants said Welsh or Scottish first and British second, although crucially they saw no incompatibility between the two identities.[30]

text: Other research conducted for the CRE found that white participants felt that there was a threat to Britishness from large-scale immigration, the claims that they perceived ethnic minorities made on the welfare state, a rise in moral pluralism and perceived political correctness. Much of this frustration was vented at Muslims rather than minorities in general. Muslim participants in the study reported feeling victimised and stated that they felt that they were being asked to choose between Muslim and British identities, whereas they saw it possible to be both.[31]