document_title: List of best-selling music artists

question_text: who's the best selling recording artist of all time

question_tokens: who 's the best selling recording artist of all time

text: List of best-selling music artists

text: Definitions

text: All artists included on this list, which have begun charting on official albums or singles charts have their available claimed figures supported by at least 20% in certified units. That is why Cliff Richard, Diana Ross, Scorpions, Charles Aznavour, Bing Crosby, Gloria Estefan, Deep Purple, Iron Maiden, Tom Jones, The Jackson 5, Dionne Warwick, the Spice Girls, Luciano Pavarotti, Dolly Parton, Ozzy Osbourne, Andrea Bocelli and others have not been included on this list. The more recent the artist, the higher the required percentage of certified units, so artists such as Rihanna, Taylor Swift, Flo Rida, Katy Perry, Justin Bieber, Adele, Lady Gaga, Bruno Mars and Nicki Minaj are expected to have their claimed figures supported by over 75% in certified units. The certified units are sourced from available online databases of local music industry associations. All certified units are converted from Gold/Platinum/Diamond certification awards based on criteria provided by certifying bodies. The certified sales percentage varies according to the first year that an artist appeared in the charts.[a]

text: The requirements of certified sales are designed to avoid inflated sales figures, which are frequently practiced by record companies for promotional purposes.[1][2] The claimed figures are referenced from online articles created by highly reliable sources. For clarity, the sources used, say the term "records" (singles, albums, videos) and not "albums". However, if all available sources for an artist or band say "albums", such sources are only used if the certified album units of the said artist meet the required percentage amount. This list uses claimed figures that are closest to artists' available certified units: inflated claimed figures that meet the required certified units amount but are unrealistically high, are not used.

text: The claimed figures are upgraded only when there is a significant progress in artists' certified sales. In other words, the available certified sales for each artist should get relatively closer to already listed claimed figure in order for higher figures to replace the listed ones.

text: The certified sales of the newer artists may sometimes be higher than their listed claimed figures. This is because Recording Industry Association of America and almost all other certifying bodies count streaming towards Gold and Platinum thresholds required for Digital Single Award certification.[3][4][5] For this reason, some singles and even albums get over certified by hundreds of thousands of units. The over certified figures, however, are often in millions of units for RIAA certifications, one such example is Rihanna's single "We Found Love", which is certified at nine times Platinum by the RIAA, yet during the time of the certification, it had sold 5.4 million downloads.[6][7]

text: The certified sales for some artists/bands who have multi-disc albums can be higher than their listed claimed figures due to Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) counting each unit within set as one unit toward certification.

text: Artists by reputed sales

text: 250 million or more records

text:
The Beatles

Elvis Presley

Michael Jackson

Madonna

Elton John

Led Zeppelin

Pink Floyd

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value: each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

The Beatles
United Kingdom
1960–1970[10]
1962[10]
Rock / Pop[10]
7002271100000000000♠

Total available certified units: 271.1 million [show]

US: 212.250 million[11]
JPN: 4.950 million[b][12]
UK: 18.045 million[b][13]
GER: 8 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.890 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 14.455 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.060 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 355,000[b][20]
BRA: 550,000[b][21]
SWE 485,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.250 million[b][23][24]
SWI: 350,000[b][25]
BEL: 265,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.606 million[b][28][29]
DEN: 260,000[b][30][31]
AUT: 500,000[b][32]
POL: 175,000[b][33]
NZ: 660,000[b][34][35]

600 million[36][37]
500 million[38]

Elvis Presley
United States
1954–1977[39]
1954[39]
Rock and roll / Pop / Country[39]
7002212400000000000♠

Total available certified units: 212.4 million [show]

US: 188.650 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 13.145 million[b][13]
GER: 1.2 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.590 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.925 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.587 million[b][18]
ITA: 105,000[b][20]
BRA: 125,000[b][21]
SWE 380,000[b][22]
SPA: 300,000[b][23][40][41]
MEX: 105,000[b][42][43]
SWI: 185,000[b][25]
BEL: 115,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 110,000[b][28]
DEN: 120,000[b][44][45][46]
AUT: 205,000[b][32]
FIN: 213,945[b][47]
NZ: 117,500[b][34][35]

1 billion[48][49][50][51]
600 million[52][53]
500 million[54]

Michael Jackson
United States
1964–2009[55]
1971[55]
Pop / Rock / Dance / Soul / R&B[55]
7002184600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 184.6 million [show]

US: 104.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.650 million[b][12][56]
UK: 27.545 million[13]
GER: 11.275 million[14]
FRA: 11.375 million[15][16][57]
CAN: 4.670 million[17]
AUS: 6.670 million[b][18][19][58][59][60]
ITA: 1.170 million[b][20]
BRA: 280,000[b][21]
SWE: 1.230 million[b][22][61]
SPA: 1.995 million[b][23][24][40][41][62]
MEX: 3.670 million[b][42]
SWI: 910,000[b][25]
BEL: 365,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 124,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 1.224 million[b][63][64][65]
AUT: 1.197 million[b][32]
POL: 530,000[b][33]
FIN: 384,127[47]
NZ: 902,500[34][35]

350 million[66][67]
300 million[68][69]

Madonna
United States
1979–present[70]
1982[70]
Pop / Dance / Electronica[70]
7002170600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 170.6 million [show]

US: 85.675 million[11]
JPN: 6.450 million [b][12][56]
UK: 28.845 million[13]
GER: 12.4 million[14]
FRA: 12.795 million[15][16][57]
CAN: 6.030 million[17]
AUS: 4.717 million[b][18][71][72]
ITA: 465,000[b][20]
BRA: 3.440 million[b][21]
SWE: 1.070 million[b][22][61]
SPA: 2.815 million[23][24][40][41][62]
MEX: 510,000[b][42]
SWI: 1.080 million[b][25]
BEL: 690,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.098[28][29]
DEN: 407,000[b][63][64][73][74][75][76]
AUT: 602,500[b][32]
POL: 530,000[b][33]
FIN: 652,686[47]
NZ: 417,500[34][35]

300 million[77][78]
275 million[79]

Elton John
United Kingdom
1964–present[80]
1969[80]
Pop / Rock[80]
7002169000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 169 million [show]

US: 117.850 million[11]
JPN: 1.1 million [b][12]
UK: 22.395 million[b][13]
GER: 7.9 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.825 million[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 5.975 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.837 million[b][18]
BRA: 835,000[b][21]
SWE: 740,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.2 million[b][23][24][41][62]
MEX: 100,000[b][42]
SWI: 1.313 million[b][25]
BEL: 390,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 128,000[28][29]
DEN: 150,000[b][45][64][81]
AUT: 765,000[b][32]
POL: 150,000[b][33]
FIN: 163,481[47]
NZ: 255,000[b][34][35]

300 million[82][83]
250 million[84][85]

Led Zeppelin
United Kingdom
1968–1980[86]
1969[86]
Hard rock / Blues rock / Folk rock[86]
7002139690000099999♠

Total available certified units: 139.7 million [show]

US: 114.1 million[11]
JPN: 400,000 [b][12]
UK: 9.330 million[b][13]
GER: 3.775 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.310 million[b][15][16][87]
CAN: 4.710 million[17]
AUS: 2.8 million[b][18][88][89]
ITA: 345,000[b][20]
BRA: 820,000[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][41][62]
SWI: 211,000[b][25]
ARG: 360,000[b][28]
POL: 120,000[b][33]

300 million[90][91]
200 million[92][93]

Pink Floyd
United Kingdom
1965–1996, 2014[94][95]
1967[94]
Progressive rock / Psychedelic rock[94]
7002118900000000000♠

Total available certified units: 118.9 million [show]

US: 78 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][96]
UK: 11.320 million[b][13]
GER: 7.5 million[b][14]
FRA: 6.360 million[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 6.790 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.932 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 1.685 million[b][20]
BRA: 540,000[b][21]
SWE: 220,000[b][22][61]
SPA: 625,000[b][23][24][40][62]
SWI: 390,000[b][25]
BEL: 115,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 582,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 460,000[b][32]
POL: 590,000[b][33]
NZ: 787,500[b][34][35]

250 million[97][98]
200 million[99][100]

text: The column for certified sales above includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000 and more.

text: 200 million to 249 million records

text:
Rihanna

Mariah Carey

Celine Dion

Queen

Whitney Houston

AC/DC

The Rolling Stones

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and the smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Rihanna
Barbados
United States
2005–present[101]
2005[101]
R&B / Pop / Dance / Hip-hop[101]
7002229400000000000♠

Total available certified units: 229.4 million [show]

US: 168.55 million[11]
JPN: 1.4 million[12][56]
UK: 30.7 million[13]
GER: 4.675 million[14]
FRA: 1.525 million[16]
CAN: 2.840 million[17]
AUS: 9.290 million[18]
ITA: 1.450 million[b][20]
BRA: 555,000[21]
SWE: 2.480 million[22][61]
SPA: 1.450 million[23]
MEX: 410,000[42][102]
SWI: 840,000[25]
BEL: 660,000[27]
DEN: 1.117[63][64][65][73][81][103][104][105]
AUT: 135,000[32]
POL: 500,000[33]
IRE: 240,000[106]
NZ: 667,500[34][35]

230 million[107][108]

Mariah Carey
United States
1988–present[109]
1990[109]
R&B / Pop / Soul / Hip-hop[109]
7002137100000000000♠

Total available certified units: 137.1 million [show]

US: 92.6 million[11]
JPN: 14.5 million [b][12][56][110]
UK: 10.020 million[13]
GER: 3.750 million[14]
FRA: 4.690 million[15][16][57]
CAN: 4.1 million[17]
AUS: 3.515 million[b][18][111]
ITA: 200,000[b][20]
BRA: 835,000[21]
SWE: 425,000[22]
SPA: 1 million[23][24][41][62]
SWI: 515,000[25]
BEL: 175,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 280,000[65][112]
AUT: 200,000[32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
NZ: 240,000[b][34]

200 million[113][114]
175 million[115][116]

Celine Dion
Canada
1981–present[117]
1981[117]
Pop[117]
7002125100000000000♠

Total available certified units: 125.1 million [show]

US: 56.550 million[11]
JPN: 7.150 million[b][12][118][119]
UK: 13.555 million[13]
GER: 8 million[14]
FRA: 15.785 million[15][16][57][87]
CAN: 12.245 million[17]
AUS: 3.302 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 505,000[b][21]
SWE: 1.105 million[b][22]
SPA: 1 million[41][62]
SWI: 1.685 million[b][25]
BEL: 1.885 million[b][26][27]
ARG: 340,000[28]
DEN: 370,000[b][45][120][121][122]
AUT: 440,000[b][32]
POL: 680,000[b][33]
FIN: 356,183[47]
NZ: 192,500[34][35]

200 million[123][124]
175 million[125][126]

Queen
United Kingdom
1971–present[127]
1973[127]
Rock[127]
7002120900000000000♠

Total available certified units: 120.9 million [show]

US: 61 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[b][12][56][128]
UK: 28.815 million[b][13]
GER: 11.525 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.495 million[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 1.870 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.167 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 505,000[b][20]
BRA: 970,000[b][21]
SWE: 190,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.720 million[b][23][24][40][41]
SWI: 1.256 million[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 160,000[65]
ARG: 1.080 million[b][28][29]
AUT: 900,000[b][32]
POL: 810,000[b][33]
FIN: 366,152[47]
NZ: 275,000[b][34][35]

200 million[129][130]
170 million[131]

Whitney Houston
United States
1977–2012[132]
1984[132]
R&B / Soul / Pop[132]
7002114100000000000♠

Total available certified units: 114.1 million [show]

US: 76.775 million[11]
JPN: 4.3 million[b][12][133]
UK: 14.605 million[13]
GER: 5.6 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.275 million[15][16][57]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.580 million[b][18][19][134]
ITA: 140,000[b][20]
BRA: 1.025[b][21]
SWE: 1.035 million[b][22]
SPA: 1.260 million[23][24][40][41]
SWI: 845,000[b][25]
BEL: 215,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 140,000[64][65]
AUT: 535,000[b][32]
POL: 180,000[b][33]
FIN: 247,222[47]

200 million[135][136]
170 million[137][138]

AC/DC
Australia
1973–present[139]
1975[139]
Hard rock / Blues rock / Rock and roll[139]
7002113600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 113.6 million [show]

US: 79.7 million[11]
UK: 4.4 million[13]
GER: 10.3 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.180 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.490 million[b][17]
AUS: 7.540 million[b][18]
ITA: 775,000[b][20]
SWE: 350,000[b][22][61]
SPA: 1.355 million[b][23][24][40][41][62]
SWI: 894,000[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][27]
ARG: 594,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 130,000[64][65][140]
AUT: 380,000[b][32]
FIN: 321,169[47]
NZ: 140,000[b][34][35]

200 million[141][142]
150 million[143][144]

The Rolling Stones
United Kingdom
1962–present[145]
1963[145]
Rock / Blues rock [145]
7001972000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 97.2 million [show]

US: 74.750 million[11]
JPN: 950,000[b][12]
UK: 8.510 million[b][13]
GER: 3.2 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.370 million[b][15][16][57]
AUS: 417,500[b][18]
CAN: 3.025 million[b][17]
ITA: 205,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 310,000[b][22]
SPA: 690,000[b][23][24][40][41][62]
SWI: 238,000[b][25]
BEL: 120,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 718,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 300,000[b][32]
POL: 140,000[b][33]
NZ: 190,000[b][34][35]

200 million[146][147]

ABBA
Sweden
1972–1982[148]
1972[148]
Pop / Disco[148]
7001607000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 60.7 million [show]

US: 12.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.5 million[b][56][149][150]
UK: 18.970 million[b][13]
GER: 10.450 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.750 million[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 2.785 million[b][17]
AUS: 6.127 million[b][18][151]
BRA: 275,000[b][21][61]
SWE: 800,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.005 million[b][23][40]
MEX: 260,000[b][42]
SWI: 600,000[b][25]
BEL: 380,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 238,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 600,000[b][152][153][154]
AUT: 175,000[b][32]
POL: 150,000[b][33]
FIN: 656,319[47]
NZ: 297,500[b][35][155][156]

200 million[157][158]
100 million[159]

text: 120 million to 199 million records

text:
Taylor Swift

Garth Brooks

Eminem

Eagles

Bruno Mars

U2

Kanye West

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Taylor Swift
United States
2006–present[160]
2006[160]
Country / Country pop / Pop / Pop-rock[160]
7002181600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 181.6 million [show]

US: 157 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[12][56]
UK: 8.9 million[13]
GER: 950,000[14]
FRA: 250,000[16]
CAN: 4.580 million[17]
AUS: 5.495 million[18]
ITA: 285,000[b][20]
BRA: 170,000[21]
SWE: 180,000[61]
MEX: 450,000[42][43][102]
DEN: 140,000>[65]
NZ: 375,000[34][35]

175 million[161]

Garth Brooks
United States
1989–present[162]
1989[162]
Country[162]
7002146000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 156 million [show]

US: 149.4 million[11]
UK: 520,000[13]
CAN: 5.730 million[17]
AUS: 280,000[b][18]
IRE: 120,000[b][106]

160 million[163]

Eminem
United States
1996–present[164]
1999[164]
Hip-hop[164]
7002133300000000000♠

Total available certified units: 133.3 million [show]

US: 86.1 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million [12][56]
UK: 22.425 million[13]
GER: 3.450 million[14]
FRA: 3.220 million[16][87]
CAN: 3.850 million[17]
AUS: 5.737 million[18]
ITA: 615,000[b][20]
BRA: 200,000[21]
SWE: 850,000[22][61]
SPA: 290,000[23][62]
MEX: 365,000[42]
SWI: 805,000[25]
BEL: 475,000[26][27]
DEN: 556,000[b][63][165]>[65]
AUT: 325,000[32]
POL: 250,000[33]
FIN: 124,547[47]
IRE: 285,000[b][106]
NZ: 562,500[34][35]

155 million[166]

Eagles
United States
1971–1980, 1994–present[167]
1972[167]
Rock[167]
7002129400000000000♠

Total available certified units: 129.4 million [show]

US: 108.9 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[b][12]
UK: 7.835 million[b][13]
GER: 925,000[b][14]
FRA: 2.040 million[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 4.2 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.395 million[b][18][168]
SWE: 140,000[b][22]
SPA: 500,000[b][23][24]
SWI: 290,000[b][25]
DEN: 185,000[b][64]>[65]
FIN: 124,749[47]
NZ: 352,500[b][34][35]

150 million[169]

U2
Ireland
1976–present[170]
1980[170]
Rock[170]
7002107000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 107 million [show]

US: 53.1 million[11]
JPN: 1.450 million[b][12]
UK: 18.680 million[13]
GER: 5.125 million[14]
FRA: 5.125 million[15][16]
CAN: 7.115 million[17]
AUS: 4.412 million[b][18][19][171]
ITA: 855,000[b][20]
BRA: 2.675 million[b][21]
SWE: 515,000[b][22]
SPA: 2.295 million[23][24][40][41][62]
MEX: 835,000[b][42]
SWI: 696,000[b][25]
BEL: 750,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 806,000[28][29]
DEN: 473,000[b][63][64][65][81][172]
AUT: 515,000[b][32]
POL: 360,000[b][33]
FIN: 235,460[47]
IRE: 316,000[b][106]
NZ: 765,000[34][35]

150 million[173]

Billy Joel
United States
1964–present[174]
1971[174]
Pop / Rock[174]
7002102600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 102.6 million [show]

US: 87.950 million[11]
JPN: 2 million[b][12][175]
UK: 5.655 million[b][13]
GER: 1.250 million[b][14]
FRA: 925,000[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 3.275 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.267[b][18][19]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
NZ: 162,500[b][34]

150 million[176]

Phil Collins
United Kingdom
1980–2011, 2015–present[177]
1981[177]
Rock / Progressive rock / Adult contemporary[177]
7001878000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 87.8 million [show]

US: 39.850 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[b][12]
UK: 15.250 million[13]
GER: 13.8 million[14]
FRA: 6.410 million[15][16][57]
CAN: 3.375 million[17]
AUS: 1.522[b][18][19]
BRA: 1.370 million[b][21]
SWE: 245,000[b][22]
SPA: 2.150 million[23][24][41][62]
SWI: 973,000[b][25]
BEL: 305,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.044 million[28][29]
AUT: 440,000[b][32]
FIN: 182,581[47]
NZ: 122,500[34][35]

150 million[178]

Aerosmith
United States
1970–present[179]
1973[179]
Hard rock[179]
7001847000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 84.7 million [show]

US: 70.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.7 million[b][12][56]
UK: 3.230 million[13]
GER: 2 million[b][14]
FRA: 225,000[15][16][57]
CAN: 3.950 million[b][17]
AUS: 225,000[b][18][180]
ITA: 100,000[b][20]
BRA: 600,000[b][21]
SWE: 260,000[b][22]
SPA: 200,000[b][23][41]
MEX: 230,000[b][42]
SWI: 145,000[b][25]
ARG: 338,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
FIN: 101,722[47]

150 million[181]

Frank Sinatra
United States
1935–1995[182]
1939[182]
Pop / Swing[182]
7001373009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 37.3 million [show]

US: 28.2 million[b][11]
UK: 5.445 million[b][13]
GER: 1 million[b][14]
FRA: 600,000[b][15]
CAN: 650,000[b][17]
AUS: 245,000[b][18]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SWE: 130,000[b][22]
SPA: 500,000[b][24][41][62]
ARG: 188,000[b][28][29]

150 million[183]

Barbra Streisand
United States
1960–present[184]
1963[184]
Pop / Adult contemporary[184]
7001974000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 97.4 million [show]

US: 82.450 million[11]
UK: 5.765 million[b][13]
GER: 750,000[b][14]
FRA: 3.150 million[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 2.650 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.047 million[b][18]
SWE: 120,000[22][61]
SPA: 150,000[b][62]
FIN: 186,501[b][47]
NZ: 137,500[b][34]

145 million[185]

Bruno Mars
United States
2004–present[186]
2010[186]
Pop rock / R&B[186]
7002121200000000000♠

Total available certified units: 121.2 million [show]

US: 86.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.2 million[12][56]
UK: 13.5 million[13]
GER: 3.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.850 million[16]
CAN: 5.240 million[17]
AUS: 5.050 million[18]
ITA: 710,000[b][20]
SWE: 440,000[22][61]
SPA: 470,000[23]
MEX: 780,000[42][43]
SWI: 405,000[25]
BEL: 345,000[27]
DEN: 365,000[b][65][187]
AUT: 180,000[32]
NZ: 532,500[34]
PHL: 330,000[188]

130 million[189]

Kanye West
United States
1996–present[190]
2004[190]
Hip-hop / Electronic / Pop rock[190]
7002103400000000000♠

Total available certified units: 103.4 million [show]

US: 87.750 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[191]
UK: 11.280 million[13]
GER: 300,000[14]
CAN: 1.180 million[17]
AUS: 2.135 million[18]
ITA: 145,000[b][20]
SWE: 160,000[61]
DEN: 424,000[64][65][73][192]

121 million[193]

Bruce Springsteen
United States
1972–present[194]
1973[194]
Rock[194]
7002101500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 101.5 million [show]

US: 76.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12]
UK: 7.145 million[13]
GER: 4.325 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.887 million[15][16][57]
CAN: 3.2 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.362 million[b][18]
ITA: 575,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 810,000[b][22][61]
SPA: 1.730 million[b][23][24][40][41][62]
SWI: 400,000[b][25]
DEN: 155,000[b][63][65][73][195]
AUT: 290,000[b][32]
FIN: 449,800[47]
IRE: 189,500[b][106]
NZ: 375,000[34][35]

120 million[196]

Bee Gees
United Kingdom
Australia[197][198]
1963–2003
2009–2012[199]
1963[199]
Pop / Disco[199]
7001683000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 68.3 million [show]

US: 42.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12][200][201]
UK: 9.065 million[b][13]
GER: 6.675 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.4 million[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 3.215 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.187 million[b][18]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][40][62]
SWI: 415,000[b][25]
ARG: 188,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
NZ: 380,000[b][34][35]

120 million[202]

text: 100 million to 119 million records

text:
Justin Bieber

Katy Perry

Adele

Lady Gaga

Jay-Z

Metallica

B'z

text:
To ensure the high level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and the smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Lady Gaga
United States
2005–present[203]
2008[203]
Pop / Dance / Electronic[203]
7001993000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 99.3 million [show]

US: 68.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][56]
UK: 10.985 million[13]
GER: 2.9 million[14]
FRA: 1.655 million[16]
CAN: 2.4 million[17]
AUS: 2.890 million[18]
ITA: 840,000[b][20]
BRA: 470,000[21]
SWE: 680,000[22][61]
SPA: 410,000[23]
MEX: 390,000[42][102]
SWI: 445,000[25]
BEL: 270,000[27]
DEN: 340,000[64][65][105]
AUT: 182,500[32]
POL: 130,000[33]
IRE: 165,000[106]
NZ: 277,500[34][35]

114 million[204]

Metallica
United States
1981–present[205]
1983[205]
Heavy metal / Thrash metal[205]
7001943000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 94.3 million [show]

US: 73.3 million[11]
JPN: 900,000[b][12]
UK: 3.335 million[13]
GER: 3.525 million[14]
FRA: 940,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.805 million[17]
AUS: 2.637 million[b][18][19][206]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
BRA: 380,000[b][21]
SWE: 675,000[b][22]
SPA: 420,000[23][41][62]
MEX: 430,000[b][42][102]
SWI: 560,000[b][25]
BEL: 335,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 180,000[65][64]
ARG: 874,000[28][29]
AUT: 340,000[b][32]
POL: 735,000[b][33]
FIN: 530,676[47]
NZ: 315,000[34][35]

110 million[207]

Justin Bieber
Canada
United States
2008–present[208]
2009[208]
Pop / Teen pop, Dance pop[208]
7002132600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 132.6 million [show]

US: 87.5 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][56]
UK: 17.285 million[13]
GER: 3.3 million[14]
FRA: 1.2[16]
CAN: 5.620 million[17]
AUS: 4.725 million[18]
ITA: 1.795 million[20]
BRA: 810,000[21]
SWE: 2.020 million[22][61]
SPA: 880,000[23]
MEX: 2.910 million[42][43][102]
BEL: 450,000[27]
DEN: 2.230 million[65]
POL: 370,000[33]
AUT: 140,000[32]
NZ: 615,000[34]

100 million[209]

Katy Perry
United States
2001–present[210]
2008[210]
Pop[210]
7002129500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 129.5 million [show]

US: 97.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[12][56]
UK: 12.750 million[13]
GER: 2.750 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[16]
CAN: 6.160 million[17]
AUS: 5.125 million[18]
ITA: 780,000[b][20]
BRA: 625,000[21]
SWE: 520,000[22][61]
SPA: 180,000[23]
MEX: 900,000[42][102]
SWI: 160,000[25]
BEL: 135,000[27]
DEN: 235,000[63][65]
AUT: 247,500[32]
NZ: 360,000[34][35]

100 million[211]

Adele
United Kingdom
2006–present[212]
2008[212]
Pop, soul[212]
7002104900000000000♠

Total available certified units: 104.9 million [show]

US: 61 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[12]
UK: 20.550 million[13]
GER: 4.7 million[14]
CAN: 6.120 million[17]
AUS: 3.955 million[18]
ITA: 1.570 million[b][20]
BRA: 1.310 million[21]
SWE: 240,000[22][61]
SPA: 800,000[23]
MEX: 1.490 million[42][43]
SWI: 510,000[25]
BEL: 795,000[27]
DEN: 747,500[63][65]
POL: 300,000[b][33]
FIN: 151,639[47]
NZ: 577,500[34]

100 million[213]

Jay-Z
United States
1996–present[214]
1996[214]
Hip-hop[214]
7001981000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 98.1 million [show]

US: 82.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[56]
UK: 9.320 million[13]
GER: 1.550 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[16]
CAN: 1.6 million[17]
AUS: 1.260[18]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
SWE: 130,000[22][61]

100 million[215]

B'z
Japan
1988–present[216]
1988[216]
Rock / Pop rock / Hard rock[216]
7001857000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 85.7 million [show]

JPN: 85.75 million[b][12][56][110]

100 million[217]

Bon Jovi
United States
1983–present[218]
1983[218]
Hard rock / Glam metal[218]
7001841009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 84.1 million [show]

US: 49.9 million[11]
JPN: 4.400 million[b][12][56]
UK: 9.490 million[13]
GER: 5.650 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[15][16][57]
CAN: 4.735 million[17]
AUS: 3.030 million[b][18][219][220]
ITA: 135,000[b][20]
BRA: 435,000[b][21]
SWE: 365,000[b][22][61]
SPA: 1.620 million[23][24][40][41][62]
MEX: 250,000[b][42]
SWI: 1.275 million[b][25]
AUT: 725,000[b][32]
BEL: 165,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 358,000[28][29]
POL: 110,000[b][33]
FIN: 422,500[47]
NZ: 210,000[34][35]

100 million[221]

Linkin Park
United States
1996–present[222]
2000[222]
Alternative rock / Nu metal / Rap rock[222]
7001823000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 82.3 million [show]

US: 61.6 million[11]
JPN: 1.550 million[12][56]
UK: 6.205 million[13]
GER: 5.850 million[14]
FRA: 1.025[16]
CAN: 1.330 million[17]
AUS: 1.485 million[18]
ITA: 515,000[b][20]
BRA: 595,000[21]
SWE: 165,000[22][61]
SPA: 175,000[23]
MEX: 225,000[42]
SWI: 435,000[25]
BEL: 140,000[27]
DEN: 175,000[63][65]
AUT: 252,500[32]
POL: 220,000[33]
FIN: 120,469[47]
NZ: 252,500[34][35]

100 million[223]

Beyoncé
United States
1997–present[224]
2002[224][225]
R&B / Pop[224]
7001810000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 81 million [show]

US: 56.150 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million [12][56]
UK: 13.885 million[13]
GER: 1.550 million[14]
FRA: 560,000[16][87]
CAN: 1.395 million[17]
AUS: 2.975 million[18]
ITA: 260,000[b][20]
BRA: 390,000[21]
SWE: 120,000[22][61]
SPA: 1.030 million[b][23][226]
MEX: 110,000[42]
SWI: 165,000[25]
BEL: 115,000[27]
DEN: 312,500[64][65][73][105][227][228]
POL: 100,000[33]
NZ: 210,000[34][35]

100 million[229]

Lil Wayne
United States
1996–present[230]
1999[230]
Hip-hop[230]
7001799000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 79.9 million [show]

US: 77.7 million[11]
UK: 1.460 million[13]
CAN: 280,000[17]
AUS: 525,000[18]

100 million[231]

Britney Spears
United States
1998–present[232]
1998[232]
Pop / Dance / Dance-pop[232]
7001787000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 78.7 million [show]

US: 44.2 million[11]
JPN: 2.1 million[12][133]
UK: 10.350 million[13]
GER: 5.050 million[14]
FRA: 3.732 million[15][16][57]
CAN: 3.680 million[17]
AUS: 3.130 million[18]
ITA: 175,000[b][20]
BRA: 380,000[21]
SWE: 1.010 million[22][61]
SPA: 990,000[23][41][62]
MEX: 1.175 million[b][42]
SWI: 485,000[25]
AUT: 365,000[32]
BEL: 935,000[26][27]
ARG: 248,000[28][29]
DEN: 187,500[b][63][64][233][234]
POL: 210,000[33]
FIN: 143,627[47]
NZ: 240,000[34][35]

100 million[235]

Rod Stewart
United Kingdom
1964–present[236]
1969[236]
Rock / Pop[236]
7001781009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 78.1 million [show]

US: 43.650 million[11]
JPN: 450,000[b][12]
UK: 18.630 million[b][13]
GER: 3.8 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.8 million[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 4.055 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.610 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 980,000[b][21]
SWE: 440,000[b][22]
SPA: 290,000[b][23][24][40]
SWI: 100,000[b][25]
ARG: 524,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 100,000[b][32]
POL: 220,000[b][33]
IRE: 195,000[b][106]
NZ: 280,000[b][34][35]

100 million[237]

Fleetwood Mac
United Kingdom
United States
1967–present[238]
1968[238]
Rock / Pop[238]
7001763000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 76.3 million [show]

US: 51.250 million[11]
UK: 13.785 million[b][13]
GER: 3.5 million[b][14]
FRA: 800,000[b][15][16]
AUS: 2.767 million[b][18][19]
CAN: 2.950 million[b][17]
SPA: 300,000[b][41][62]
SWI: 100,000[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][27]
NZ: 572,500[b][35][239][240]

100 million[241]

Guns N' Roses
United States
1985–present[242]
1987[242]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[242]
7001743000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 74.3 million [show]

US: 48.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million[b][12]
UK: 6.150 million[13]
GER: 4.1 million[14]
FRA: 1 million[16]
CAN: 3.520 million[17]
AUS: 2.410[b][18][19][168]
ITA: 685,000[b][20]
BRA: 1.9 million[b][21]
SWE: 485,000[22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][40]
MEX: 760,000[b][42]
SWI: 365,000[b][25]
BEL: 165,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.248 million[b][28][29]
AUT: 365,000[32]
POL: 160,000[b][33]
IRE: 105,000[b][106]
NZ: 270,000[34][35]

100 million[243]

George Strait
United States
1981–present[244]
1984[244]
Country[244]
7001728000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 72.8 million [show]

US: 72.150 million[11]
CAN: 705,000[17]

100 million[245]

Backstreet Boys
United States
1993–present[246]
1995[246]
Pop[246]
7001720000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 72 million [show]

US: 41.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][56][247]
UK: 4.875 million[13]
GER: 7 million[14]
FRA: 325,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.4 million[b][18]
BRA: 1.625 million[21]
SWE: 655,000[22]
SPA: 1.850 million[41][62]
MEX: 1.475 million[b][42]
SWI: 415,000[25]
BEL: 425,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 740,000[28]
AUT: 325,000[32]
POL: 300,000[33]
FIN: 171,390[47]
NZ: 132,500[34]

100 million[248]

Neil Diamond
United States
1966–present[249]
1966[249]
Pop / Rock[249]
7001683000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 68.3 million [show]

US: 55.9 million[11]
UK: 7.130 million[b][13]
GER: 1 million[b][14]
FRA: 400,000[b][15]
CAN: 1.725 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.945 million[b][18]
SPA: 100,000[b][40]
NZ: 127,500[b][34][35]

100 million[250]

Prince
United States
1976–2016[251]
1978[251]
Funk / R&B / Pop / Soul / Rock[251]
7001642000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.2 million [show]

US: 48.950 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 7.045 million[13]
GER: 2.4 million[14]
FRA: 2.110 million[15][16]
CAN: 1 million[17]
AUS: 1.120[b][18][19]
SWE: 100,000[22]
SPA: 700,000[b][24][40][41][62]
SWI: 250,000[b][25]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
NZ: 177,500[b][34]

100 million[252]

Kenny Rogers
United States
1958–present[253]
1975[253]
Country / Pop[253]
7001601000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 61.4 million [show]

US: 54.050 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][254]
UK: 2.520 million[13]
CAN: 4.6 million[17]
AUS: 100,000[b][255][256]
SPA: 100,000[b][40]

100 million[257]

Paul McCartney
United Kingdom
1960–present[258]
1970[258]
Rock[258]
7001606000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 60.6 million [show]

US: 41.450 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[b][12]
UK: 12.365 million[b][13]
GER: 1.525 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.305 million[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 1.955 million[b][17]
AUS: 465,000[b][18][19]
SWE: 210,000[b][61][259]
SPA: 640,000[b][24][40]
DEN: 210,000[b][64][260]

100 million[261]

Janet Jackson
United States
1982–present[262]
1982[262]
R&B / Pop[262]
7001521000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 52.1 million [show]

US: 39.750 million[11]
JPN: 1.6 million [b][12]
UK: 4.760 million[13]
GER: 1.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.475 million[15][16][57]
CAN: 1.460 million[17]
AUS: 1.155[b][18][19]
SWE: 105,000[b][22]
SPA: 150,000[41][62]
SWI: 170,000[b][25]
BEL: 125,000[b][26]

100 million[263]

Julio Iglesias
Spain
1968–present[264]
1968[264]
Latin[264]
7001510000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51 million [show]

US: 11 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[b][265]
UK: 1.620 million[b][13][265]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 6.1 million[15][16][57][265]
CAN: 1.5 million[17]
AUS: 540,000[b][18][265]
ITA: 400,000[b][20][265]
NLD:950,000[b][265]
BRA: 12.475 million[b][21][265]
SWE: 290,000[b][22][265]
SPA: 8.7 million[b][23][24][40][41][62][265]
MEX: 2.975 million[b][42][265]
BEL: 125,000[b][265]
ARG: 3.220 million[b][28][265]
FIN: 131,636[b][47]

100 million[266]

Chicago
United States
1967–present[267]
1969[267]
Rock / Pop[267]
7001483000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 48.3 million [show]

US: 44.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12][268]
UK: 1.490 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 100,000[b][15]
CAN: 1.865 million[17]
SPA: 100,000[b][24]

100 million[269]

Bob Dylan
United States
1959–present[270]
1963[270]
Folk / Rock[270]
7001453000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.3 million [show]

US: 35.6 million[11]
UK: 6.025 million[b][13]
GER: 625,000[b][14]
FRA: 800,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 1.5 million[b][17]
AUS: 480,000[b][18]
SWI: 175,000[b][25]
NZ: 105,000[b][34]

100 million[271]

Dire Straits
United Kingdom
1977–1995[272]
1978[272]
Rock [272]
7001447000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 44.7 million [show]

US: 15.5 million[11]
UK: 11.1 million[13]
GER: 3.750 million[14]
FRA: 5.3 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.575 million[17]
AUS: 2.190 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 385,000[b][20]
BRA: 175,000[b][21]
SWE: 360,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.380 million[b][23][24][40][41]
SWI: 1 million[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 300,000[b][32]
FIN: 471,530[47]
NZ: 155,000[b][35]

100 million[273]

Def Leppard
United Kingdom
1977–present[274]
1979[274]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[274]
7001418009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 41.8 million [show]

US: 35.650 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 1.960 million[13]
FRA: 200,000[15]
CAN: 2.995 million[17]
AUS: 385,000[19][275]
SWE: 150,000[b][22]
MEX: 200,000[b][42]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]

100 million[276]

Cher
United States
1964–present[277]
1965[277]
Pop / Rock / Dance / Folk[277]
7001406000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 40.6 million [show]

US: 21.9 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 6.450 million[b][13]
GER: 4.175 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.525 million[b][16][57]
CAN: 1.340 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.530 million[b][18][278]
ITA: 300,000[b][279]
NLD: 100,000[b][280][281]
BRA: 125,000[b][21]
SWE: 850,000[b][22][61]
SPA: 600,000[b][41][62][279]
MEX: 200,000[b][42]
SWI: 295,000[b][25]
BEL: 275,000[b][26]
ARG: 106,000[b][28][265]
DEN: 300,000[b][279][282]
AUT: 250,000[b][32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
NZ: 150,000[34][283]

100 million[284]

Genesis
United Kingdom
1967–1999
2006–present[285]
1969[285]
Progressive rock / Pop rock[285]
7001399000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 39.9 million [show]

US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 7.325 million[b][13]
GER: 5.875 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.460 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 805,000[b][17]
SWE: 100,000[b][22]
SPA: 250,000[b][23][24][40]
SWI: 400,000[b][25]

100 million[286]

James Taylor
United States
1968–present[287]
1970[287]
Rock / Pop[287]
7001355000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 35.5 million [show]

US: 34.650 million[11]
UK: 655,000[b][13]
CAN: 100,000[b][17]
AUS: 100,000[b][18]

100 million[288]

Olivia Newton-John
Australia
1966–present[289]
1966[289]
Pop[289]
7001347000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.7 million [show]

US: 27 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 3.950 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
CAN: 3.025 million[b][17]
AUS: 380,000[b][18][19]

100 million[290]

Stevie Wonder
United States
1961–present[291]
1962[291]
Funk / R&B / Soul[291]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[b][12]
UK: 8.285 million[b][13]
GER: 500,000[b][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[b][15][57]
CAN: 1.550 million[17]
SPA: 250,000[b][40]

100 million[292]

Tina Turner
United States
1955–present[293]
1975[293]
Rock / Pop[293]
7001328009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 32.8 million [show]

US: 12.7 million[11]
UK: 8.145 million[13]
GER: 6.050 million[14]
FRA: 1.135 million[15][16][57]
CAN: 1.560 million[17]
AUS: 480,000[b][18][19]
SWE: 330,000[b][22]
SPA: 700,000[b][23][24][40][41]
SWI: 565,000[b][25]
BEL: 190,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 630,000[b][32]
POL: 120,000[b][33]
FIN: 241,954[47]

100 million[294]

Linda Ronstadt
United States
1967–present[295]
1968[295]
Rock / Folk / Country[295]
7001325000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 32.5 million [show]

US: 31.5 million[11]
UK: 435,000[b][13]
FRA: 100,000[b][15]
CAN: 500,000[b][17]

100 million[296]

Donna Summer
United States
1968–2012[297]
1974[297]
Pop / Disco / R&B[297]
7001308000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.8 million [show]

US: 24.5 million[11]
UK: 3.735 million[b][13]
FRA: 900,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 1.550 million[b][17]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SPA: 100,000[b][41]

100 million[298]

The Beach Boys
United States
1961–present[299]
1962[299]
Rock / Pop / Surf Rock[299]
7001305000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.5 million [show]

US: 25.6 million[11]
UK: 3.410 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 400,000[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 100,000[b][17]
AUS: 492,500[b][18][19]
SPA: 250,000[b][40][41]

100 million[300]

David Bowie
United Kingdom
1962–2016[301]
1967[301]
Art rock / Glam rock / Pop[301]
7001301000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.1 million [show]

US: 11.7 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[b][12]
UK: 11.945 million[b][13]
GER: 525,000[b][14]
FRA: 2.380 million[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 2.215 million[b][17]
AUS: 565,000[b][18]
ITA: 345,000[b][20]
SPA: 170,000[b][23][24][40]
NZ: 142,500[b][34]

100 million[302]

The Who
United Kingdom
1964–present[303]
1965[303]
Rock / Hard rock[303]
7001269000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 26.9 million [show]

US: 22.150 million[11]
UK: 3.905 million[b][13]
FRA: 300,000[b][15]
CAN: 425,000[b][17]
ITA: 125,000[b][20]

100 million[304]

Barry White
United States
1972–2003[305]
1973[305]
R&B / Soul[305]
7001217000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 21.7 million [show]

US: 16.5 million[11]
UK: 3.665 million[b][13]
FRA: 1.1 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[b][17]
SPA: 200,000[b][62]
BEL: 150,000[b][27]

100 million[306]

text: 80 million to 99 million records

text:
Coldplay

Shania Twain

Nicki Minaj

Flo Rida

Pink

Ayumi Hamasaki

Van Halen

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Coldplay
United Kingdom
1996–present[307]
1999[307]
Alternative rock, Pop rock, Pop[307]
7001791009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 79.1 million [show]

US: 29.6 million[11]
JPN: 750,000[12][56]
UK: 24.285 million[13]
GER: 4.150 million[14]
FRA: 3.030[16]
CAN: 3.445 million[17]
AUS: 3.725 million[18]
ITA: 2.660 million[b][20]
BRA: 340,000[21]
SWE: 670,000[22][61]
SPA: 1.030 million[23]
MEX: 1.890 million[42][43][102]
SWI: 510,000[25]
BEL: 765,000[27]
ARG: 528,000[28][29]
DEN: 759,000[63][65]
AUT: 197,500[32]
POL: 220,000[b][33]
IRE: 210,000[b][106]
NZ: 345,000[34]

90 million[308]

Shania Twain
Canada
1993–present[309]
1993[309]
Country pop[309]
7001757000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 75.7 million [show]

US: 54.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[12]
UK: 6.795 million[13]
GER: 1.750 million[14]
FRA: 975,000[16][57]
CAN: 6.880 million[17]
AUS: 2.360 million[b][18]
BRA: 475,000[21]
SWE: 330,000[22]
SPA: 100,000[62]
MEX: 100,000[b][42]
SWI: 310,000[25]
BEL: 250,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 120,000[28]
AUT: 115,000[32]
NZ: 402,500[34][35]

90 million[310]

Pink
United States
1995–present[311]
2000[311]
Pop, Pop rock, R&B[311]
7001649000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.9 million [show]

US: 29.225 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[12]
UK: 12.950 million[13]
GER: 5.725 million[14]
FRA: 1.165 million[16][57]
CAN: 4.090 million[17]
AUS: 8.225 million[18]
ITA: 375,000[b][20]
SWE: 530,000[22]
MEX: 360,000[42]
SWI: 545,000[25]
BEL: 235,000[27]
DEN: 281,500[63][65]
AUT: 417,500[32]
NZ: 450,000[34][35]

90 million[312]

Santana
United States
1966–present[313]
1969[313]
Rock[313]
7001618000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 61.8 million [show]

US: 47.475 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12]
UK: 2.980 million[b][13]
GER: 2.4 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.510 million[b][15][16][57]
CAN: 1.660 million[b][17]
AUS: 855,000[b][18]
BRA: 375,000[b][21]
SWE: 125,000[b][22]
SPA]: 450,000[b][41][62]
MEX: 405,000[b][42]
SWI: 375,000[b][25]
BEL: 190,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 158,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 145,000[b][32]
POL: 205,000[b][33]
NZ: 135,000[b][34][35]

90 million[314]

The Carpenters
United States
1969–1983[315]
1969[315]
Pop[315]
7001460000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 46 million [show]

US: 34.6 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million[b][12][119][316]
UK: 7.950 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
CAN: 275,000[b][17]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]

90 million[317]

Lionel Richie
United States
1968–present[318]
1981[318]
Pop / R&B[318]
7001404000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 40.4 million [show]

US: 28.650 million[11]
UK: 6.355 million[b][13]
GER: 1.050 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.380 million[b][17]
AUS: 260,000[b][18][319]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SPA: 150,000[24][40]
SWI: 145,000[b][25]

90 million[320]

Earth, Wind & Fire
United States
1969–present[321]
1971[321]
Funk / R&B / Soul[321]
7001356000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 35.6 million [show]

US: 31.8 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[b][12][322][323]
UK: 2.525 million[13]
FRA: 500,000[15][16]
CAN: 360,000[17]

90 million[324]

Johnny Cash
United States
1954–2003[325]
1956[325]
Country/ Rock and roll/ Gospel[325]
7001308000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.8 million [show]

US: 25.7 million[11]
UK: 3.710 million[b][13]
GER: 400,000[b][14]
CAN: 490,000[b][17]
AUS: 522,500[b][18]

90 million[326]

Nicki Minaj
United States
2008–present[327]
2010[327]
Hip hop, Pop[327]
7001716009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 71.6 million [show]

US: 58 million[11]
JPN: 350,000[56]
UK: 7.1 million[13]
GER: 800,000[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 480,000[17]
AUS: 2.835 million[18]
ITA: 375,000[20]
BRA: 250,000[21]
SWE: 400,000[22][61]
SPA: 100,000[23]
MEX: 150,000[42][102]
SWI: 180,000[25]
DEN: 190,000[65]
NZ: 187,500[34]

85 million[328]

R.E.M.
United States
1980–2011[329]
1983[329]
Alternative rock[329]
7001426000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 42.6 million [show]

US: 21.150 million[11]
UK: 8.765 million[13]
GER: 4.275 million[14]
FRA: 1.450 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.650 million[17]
AUS: 1.030[b][18][19]
ITA: 175,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 500,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.1 million[23][24][41][62]
SWI: 450,000[b][25]
BEL: 108,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 158,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 155,000[b][63][64]
AUT: 350,000[b][32]
IRE: 127,500[b][106]
NZ: 105,000[34]

85 million[330]

Flo Rida
United States
2007–present[331]
2007[331]
Hip-hop, Hip house, EDM[331]
7001698000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 69.8 million [show]

US: 49 million[11]
JPN: 650,000[b][12][56]
UK: 7.960 million[13]
GER: 3 million[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 2.810 million[17]
AUS: 3.535 million[b][18]
ITA: 330,000[b][20]
SWE: 780,000[22]
SPA: 140,000[62]
MEX: 330,000[b][42]
SWI: 420,000[25]
DEN: 205,000[b][65]
AUT: 180,000[32]
NZ: 247,500[34][35]

80 million[332]

Ayumi Hamasaki
Japan
1998–present[333]
1998[333]
J-pop / Pop / dance / electronic[333]
7001643000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.3 million [show]

JPN: 64.3 million[12][56][110]

80 million[334][335]

Van Halen
United States
1978–present[336]
1978[336]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[336]
7001643000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.3 million [show]

US: 57.8 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[b][12][133]
UK: 740,000[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15]
CAN: 2.450 million[17]
BRA: 200,000[b][21]

80 million[337]

Red Hot Chili Peppers
United States
1983–present[338]
1987[338]
Funk rock / Alternative rock[338]
7001578000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 57.8 million [show]

US: 32.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.6 million[b][12][56]
UK: 9.995 million[13]
GER: 2.650 million[14]
FRA: 1.420 million[16]
CAN: 2.020 million[17]
AUS: 2.590 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 455,000[b][20]
BRA: 515,000[b][21]
SWE: 390,000[b][22]
SPA: 640,000[23][41][62]
MEX: 150,000[b][42]
SWI: 405,000[b][25]
BEL: 170,000[b][27]
ARG: 406,000[28][29]
DEN: 227,000[b][63][64][73][339]
AUT: 247,500[b][32]
POL: 245,000[b][33]
FIN: 171,951[47]
NZ: 285,000[34][35]

80 million[340]

Foreigner
United States
United Kingdom
1976–present[341]
1977[341]
Rock / Hard Rock[341]
7001496000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 49.6 million [show]

US: 45.1 million[11]
UK: 1.300 million[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15][16]
CAN: 700,000[17]
AUS: 105,000[b][18]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]

80 million[342]

The Doors
United States
1965–1973[343]
1967[343]
Psychedelic rock[343]
7001469000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 46.9 million [show]

US: 36.6 million[11]
UK: 2.040 million[b][13]
GER: 1.750 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.9 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.780 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.022 million[b][18]
ITA: 130,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[21]
SPA: 300,000[b][40][62]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]
ARG: 150,000[b][28]
AUT: 100,000[b][32]

80 million[344]

George Michael
United Kingdom
1981–2016[345]
1984[345]
Pop[345]
7001468000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 46.8 million [show]

US: 20.8 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 12.850 million[13]
GER: 2.4 million[14]
FRA: 3.217 million[15][16][57]
CAN: 1.870 million[17]
AUS: 2.205 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SWE: 310,000[b][22]
SPA: 850,000[23][24][40][41][62]
SWI: 335,000[b][25]
BEL: 215,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 118,000[28][29]
DEN: 380,000[63][65][73][346]
AUT: 140,000[b][32]
POL: 340,000[b][33]
NZ: 140,000[34][35]

80 million[347]

Reba McEntire
United States
1975–present[348]
1987[348]
Country / Country Pop[348]
7001427000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 42.7 million [show]

US: 41.9 million[11]
CAN: 850,000[17]

80 million[349]

Meat Loaf
United States
1968–present[350]
1977[350]
Rock / Hard rock[350]
7001417000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 41.7 million [show]

US: 23.6 million[11]
UK: 9.665 million[13]
GER: 2.350 million[14]
CAN: 3.260 million[17]
AUS: 2.522 million[b][18][19]
SWE: 100,000[b][22]
SWI: 115,000[b][25]
AUT: 100,000[b][32]

80 million[351]

Tom Petty
United States
1976–2017[352]
1977[352]
Rock[352]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 31.250 million[11]
UK: 1 million[13]
GER: 500,000[14]
CAN: 1.7 million[17]
SWE: 200,000[b][22]

80 million[353]

Johnny Hallyday
France
1957–2017[354]
1960[354]
Rock / Pop[354]
7001248000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 24.8 million [show]

FRA: 24.137 million[b][15][16][57][87][355]
SWI: 268,000[b][25]
BEL: 445,000[b][26][27]

80 million[356]

text: 75 million to 79 million records

text:
Journey

Maroon 5

The Black Eyed Peas

Kenny G

Usher

Tupac Shakur

Robbie Williams

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

The Black Eyed Peas
United States
1995–present[357]
1998[357]
Hip-hop / R&B / Dance[357]
7001556000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 55.6 million [show]

US: 29.4 million[11]
JPN: 1.250 million[12][56]
UK: 10.8 million[13]
GER: 2.250 million[14]
FRA: 2.650 million[16]
CAN: 2.7 million[17]
AUS: 3.270 million[18]
ITA: 365,000[b][20]
BRA: 255,000[21]
SWE: 300,000[22][61]
SPA: 460,000[b][23]
MEX: 390,000[b][42]
SWI: 460,000[25]
BEL: 460,000[27]
DEN: 161,000[b][65][73][105][358][358][359]
IRE: 135,000[b][106]
NZ: 340,000[34][35]

76 million[360]

Journey
United States
1973–present[361]
1975[361]
Rock / Soft rock[361]
7001620000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 62 million [show]

US: 59.7 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12][362]
UK: 1.360 million[13]
CAN: 725,000[17]

75 million[363]

Maroon 5
United States
1994–present[364]
2002[364]
Pop rock / Funk rock / Dance-pop[364]
7001588000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 58.8 million [show]

US: 33.2 million[11]
JPN: 1.9[12][56]
UK: 9.360 million[13]
GER: 1.150[14]
FRA: 750,000[16]
CAN: 3.525 million[17]
AUS: 2.835 million[18]
ITA: 760,000[b][20]
BRA: 380,000[21]
SWE: 650,000[22][61]
SPA: 210,000[b][23]
MEX: 3.365[42]
DEN: 462,500[b][65][64][63]
NZ: 300,000[34]

75 million[365]

Kenny G
United States
1982–present[366]
1984[366]
Smooth jazz[366]
7001519000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51.9 million [show]

US: 48.1 million[11]
JPN: 700,000[b][12]
UK: 360,000[13]
CAN: 950,000[17]
BRA: 1.350 million[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[24][41]

75 million[367]

Usher
United States
1991–present[368]
1994[368]
R&B / Pop[368]
7001516000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51.6 million [show]

US: 37.435 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][56]
UK: 8.325 million[13]
GER: 1.150[14]
FRA: 210,000[16]
CAN: 1.190 million[17]
AUS: 2.112 million[18]
SWE: 105,000[22][61]
SWI: 170,000[25]
DEN: 117,500[b][65][64]
NZ: 150,000[34]

75 million[369]

Tupac Shakur
United States
1991–1996[370]
1991[370]
Hip hop[370]
7001513000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51.3 million [show]

US: 46.2 million[11]
UK: 3.435 million[13]
GER: 500,000[14]
CAN: 820,000[17]
AUS: 395,000[18]

75 million[371]

Robbie Williams
United Kingdom
1990–present[372]
1996[372]
Pop rock[372]
7001505000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50.5 million [show]

US: 500,000[11]
UK: 27.350 million[13]
GER: 9.475 million[14]
FRA: 2.695 million[16][57]
CAN: 250,000[17]
AUS: 2.905 million[18]
ITA: 385,000[b][20]
SWE: 445,000[22][61]
SPA: 440,000[b][23][62]
MEX: 1.595 million[b][42]
SWI: 983,000[25]
BEL: 600,000[26][27]
ARG: 462,000[28][29]
DEN: 631,500[b][63][64][65][73][81]
AUT: 917,500[32]
POL: 140,000[33]
FIN: 235,743[47]
IRE: 135,000[b][106]
NZ: 445,000[34]

75 million[373]

Enya
Ireland
1982–present[374]
1987[374]
New-age / Celtic[374]
7001500000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50 million [show]

US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.6 million[b][12]
UK: 5.250 million[13]
GER: 4.2 million[14]
FRA: 775,000[15][16]
CAN: 1.540 million[17]
AUS: 1.505[b][18][19]
BRA: 1.650 million[b][21]
SWE: 390,000[22]
SPA: 1.760 million[23][41]
MEX: 125,000[b][42]
SWI: 370,000[b][25]
BEL: 460,000[b][27]
ARG: 390,000[28]
DEN: 100,000[b][30][375][376][377]
AUT: 185,000[b][32]
POL: 120,000[b][33]
NZ: 135,000[34]

75 million[378]

Alabama
United States
1972–present[379]
1980[379]
Country / Pop rock[379]
7001480000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 48 million [show]

US: 46.8 million[11]
CAN: 1.2 million[17]

75 million[380]

Nirvana
United States
1987–1994[381]
1989[381]
Grunge / Alternative rock[381]
7001458000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.8 million [show]

US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[b][12]
UK: 5.770 million[13]
GER: 1.250 million[14]
FRA: 2.5 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.970 million[17]
AUS: 1.257[b][18][206][382]
ITA: 425,000[b][20]
BRA: 725,000[b][21]
SWE: 380,000[22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][41]
MEX: 475,000[b][42]
SWI: 190,000[25]
BEL: 350,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 522,000[28][29]
AUT: 230,000[b][32]
POL: 300,000[b][33]
NZ: 215,000[34][35]

75 million[383]

Bryan Adams
Canada
1979–present[384]
1979[384]
Rock[384]
7001446000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 44.6 million [show]

US: 21 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[b][12]
UK: 8.675 million[13]
GER: 3.850 million[14]
FRA: 650,000[15][16][57]
CAN: 5.120 million[17]
AUS: 2.010 million[b][18][385]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 440,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000 [b][24][41][62]
SWI: 805,000[b][25]
BEL: 250,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 105,000[b][64][65]
AUT: 375,000[b][32]
FIN: 183,444[47]

75 million[386]

Bob Marley
Jamaica
1962–1981[387]
1975[387]
Reggae[387]
7001389000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 38.9 million [show]

US: 21.850 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[b][12]
UK: 7.4 million[13]
GER: 1.750 million[14]
FRA: 4.735 million[16]
CAN: 600,000[17]
AUS: 350,000[388][389]
ITA: 250,000[b][20]
SWE: 120,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][40][41][62]
SWI: 303,000[b][25]
ARG: 376,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
NZ: 427,500[b][34][35]

75 million[390]

The Police
United Kingdom
1977–1986
2007–2008[391]
1978[391]
Pop / Rock[391]
7001388009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 38.8 million [show]

US: 23.150 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 8.160 million[13]
GER: 1.775 million[14]
FRA: 3.340 million[15][16][57]
CAN: 875,000[17]
AUS: 407,500[b][18]
ITA: 100,000[b][20]
BRA: 140,000[b][21]
SPA: 300,000[b][24][40]
MEX: 100,000[b][42]
BEL: 115,000[b][392][393][394]
ARG: 228,000[b][28][29]

75 million[395]

Barry Manilow
United States
1973–present[396]
1973[396]
Pop / Soft rock[396]
7001365000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 36.5 million [show]

US: 33.3 million[11]
UK: 2.825 million[13]
CAN: 400,000[b][17]

75 million[397]

Kiss
United States
1972–present[398]
1974[398]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[398]
7001278000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 27.8 million [show]

US: 26 million[11]
CAN: 1.495 million[b][17]
UK: 100,000[13]
AUS: 130,000[b][18]
ARG: 112,000[b][28]

75 million[399]

Aretha Franklin
United States
1956–present[400]
1961[400]
Soul / Jazz / Blues / R&B[400]
7001247000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 24.7 million [show]

US: 23.5 million[11]
UK: 840,000[b][13]
FRA: 275,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[b][17]

75 million[401]


document_title: Posterior tibial artery

question_text: where do you palpate the posterior tibial pulse

root

text: Posterior tibial artery

text: Branches[edit]

text: The PT gives rise to the medial plantar artery, lateral plantar artery, and gives rise to the fibular artery. Often, the branch of the fibular artery is said to rise from the bifurcation of the tibial-fibular trunk and the posterior tibial artery.

tag: p

text: In addition a calcaneal branch to the medial aspect of the calcaneus.

text: Palpation of the posterior tibial artery pulse[edit]

text: The posterior tibial artery pulse can be readily palpated halfway between the posterior border of the medial malleolus and the achilles tendon and is often examined by physicians when assessing a patient for peripheral vascular disease. It is very rarely absent in young and healthy individuals; in a study of 547 healthy individuals only one person did not have a palpable posterior tibial artery.[1] It is easily palpated over Pimenta's Point.

text: Additional images[edit]

text:
Cross-section through middle of leg.

Major arteries of the leg (posterior view).

The plantar arteries. Deep view.

tag: ul


document_title: Tom Amberry

question_text: who holds the record for most free throws made in a row

text: Tom Amberry

text:
Tom Amberry (November 13, 1922 – March 18, 2017[1]) was an American podiatrist who is best known for holding the Guinness world record for most consecutive free throws made, having shot 2,750 of them in a row in a span of 12 hours over the course of one day in 1993 at the age of 71.
. He had worked with the Chicago Bulls to help the players with their free throw shooting.[2] He decided to forego a two-year contract to play with the Lakers, choosing to attend podiatry school instead.


document_title: List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

question_text: who is the oldest sitting supreme court justice

text: Current justices of the Supreme Court[edit]

text: There are currently nine justices serving on the Supreme Court; listed in order of seniority, they are:

text:
John Roberts,
Chief Justice
since September 29, 2005
Age 7001630000000000000♠63[11]

text:
Anthony Kennedy,
Associate Justice
since February 18, 1988
Age 7001810000000000000♠81[12]

Clarence Thomas,
Associate Justice
since October 23, 1991
Age 7001690000000000000♠69[13]

Ruth Bader Ginsburg,
Associate Justice
since August 10, 1993
Age 7001850000000000000♠85[14]

Stephen Breyer,
Associate Justice
since August 3, 1994
Age 7001790000000000000♠79[15]

text:
Samuel Alito,
Associate Justice
since January 31, 2006
Age 7001680000000000000♠68[16]

Sonia Sotomayor,
Associate Justice
since August 8, 2009
Age 7001630000000000000♠63[17]

Elena Kagan,
Associate Justice
since August 7, 2010
Age 7001570000000000000♠57[18]

Neil Gorsuch,
Associate Justice
since April 10, 2017
Age 7001500000000000000♠50[19]

text: All justices of the Supreme Court[edit]

text: Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, 113 persons have served on the Court. William O. Douglas holds the record for longest tenure on the Court – 36 years, 211 days, and Thomas Johnson's 163 day tenure is the shortest. Five individuals were confirmed for associate justice, and later appointed chief justice separately: Charles Evans Hughes,[a] William Rehnquist,[b] John Rutledge,[a] Harlan F. Stone,[b] and Edward Douglass White.[b] While listed twice, each of them has been assigned only one index number. The justices of the Supreme Court are:[20][21]

text:
Justice
State[c]
Position
Replacing
Date confirmed
(Vote)
Tenure
Tenure length[d]
Appointed by

1

John Jay
(1745–1829)
NY
001 !Chief
Justice
New seat
000000001789-09-26-0000September 26, 1789
(Acclamation)
000000001789-10-19-0000October 19, 1789
–
June 29, 1795
(Resigned)
7003207900000000000♠5 years, 253 days
George Washington

2

John Rutledge
(1739–1800)
SC
018 !Associate
Justice
New seat
000000001789-09-26-0000September 26, 1789
(Acclamation)
000000001790-02-15-0000February 15, 1790
–
March 4, 1791
(Resigned)
7002382000000000000♠1 year, 17 days

3

William Cushing
(1732–1810)
MA
019 !Associate
Justice
New seat
000000001789-09-26-0000September 26, 1789
(Acclamation)
000000001790-02-02-0000February 2, 1790
–
September 13, 1810
(Died)
7003752700000000000♠20 years, 223 days

4

James Wilson
(1742–1798)
PA
020 !Associate
Justice
New seat
000000001789-09-26-0000September 26, 1789
(Acclamation)
000000001789-10-05-0000October 5, 1789
–
August 21, 1798
(Died)
7003324200000000000♠8 years, 320 days

5

John Blair
(1732–1800)
VA
021 !Associate
Justice
New seat
000000001789-09-26-0000September 26, 1789
(Acclamation)
000000001790-02-02-0000February 2, 1790
–
October 25, 1795
(Resigned)
7003209100000000000♠5 years, 265 days

6

James Iredell
(1751–1799)
NC
022 !Associate
Justice
New seat
000000001790-02-10-0000February 10, 1790
(Acclamation)
000000001790-05-12-0000May 12, 1790
–
October 20, 1799
(Died)
7003344800000000000♠9 years, 161 days

7

Thomas Johnson
(1732–1819)
MD
023 !Associate
Justice
J. Rutledge
000000001791-11-07-0000November 7, 1791
(Acclamation)
000000001792-08-06-0000August 6, 1792[e]
–
January 16, 1793
(Resigned)
7002163000000000000♠163 days

8

William Paterson
(1745–1806)
NJ
024 !Associate
Justice
T. Johnson
000000001793-03-04-0000March 4, 1793
(Acclamation)
000000001793-03-11-0000March 11, 1793
–
September 8, 1806
(Died)
7003492800000000000♠13 years, 181 days

2

John Rutledge
(1739–1800)
SC
002 !Chief
Justice
Jay
000000001795-12-15-0000December 15, 1795
(10–14)[f]
000000001795-08-12-0000August 12, 1795[e]
–
December 28, 1795
(Resigned, nomination having been rejected)
7002138000000000000♠138 days

9

Samuel Chase[g]
(1741–1811)
MD
025 !Associate
Justice
Blair
000000001796-01-27-0000January 27, 1796
(Acclamation)
000000001796-02-04-0000February 4, 1796
–
June 19, 1811
(Died)
7003561300000000000♠15 years, 135 days

10

Oliver Ellsworth
(1745–1807)
CT
003 !Chief
Justice
J. Rutledge
000000001796-03-04-0000March 4, 1796
(21–1)
000000001796-03-08-0000March 8, 1796
–
December 15, 1800
(Resigned)
7003174200000000000♠4 years, 282 days

11

Bushrod Washington
(1762–1829)
VA
026 !Associate
Justice
Wilson
000000001798-12-20-0000December 20, 1798
(Acclamation)
000000001798-11-09-0000November 9, 1798[e]
–
November 26, 1829
(Died)
7004113390000000000♠31 years, 17 days
John Adams

12

Alfred Moore
(1755–1810)
NC
027 !Associate
Justice
Iredell
000000001799-12-09-0000December 9, 1799
(Acclamation)
000000001800-04-21-0000April 21, 1800
–
January 26, 1804
(Resigned)
7003137500000000000♠3 years, 280 days

13

John Marshall
(1755–1835)
VA
004 !Chief
Justice
Ellsworth
000000001801-01-27-0000January 27, 1801
(Acclamation)
000000001801-02-04-0000February 4, 1801
–
July 6, 1835
(died)
7004125700000000000♠34 years, 152 days

14

William Johnson
(1771–1834)
SC
028 !Associate
Justice
Moore
000000001804-03-24-0000March 24, 1804
(Acclamation)
000000001804-05-07-0000May 7, 1804
–
August 4, 1834
(Died)
7004110460000000000♠30 years, 89 days
Thomas Jefferson

15

Henry Brockholst Livingston
(1757–1823)
NY
029 !Associate
Justice
Paterson
000000001806-12-17-0000December 17, 1806
(Acclamation)
000000001807-01-20-0000January 20, 1807
–
March 18, 1823
(Died)
7003590100000000000♠16 years, 57 days

16

Thomas Todd
(1765–1826)
KY
030 !Associate
Justice
New seat
000000001807-03-02-0000March 2, 1807
(Acclamation)
000000001807-03-03-0000March 3, 1807
–
February 7, 1826
(Died)
7003691600000000000♠18 years, 341 days

17

Gabriel Duvall
(1752–1844)
MD
031 !Associate
Justice
S. Chase
000000001811-11-18-0000November 18, 1811
(Acclamation)
000000001811-11-23-0000November 23, 1811
–
January 12, 1835
(Resigned)
7003845100000000000♠23 years, 50 days
James Madison

18

Joseph Story
(1779–1845)
MA
032 !Associate
Justice
Cushing
000000001811-11-18-0000November 18, 1811
(Acclamation)
000000001812-02-03-0000February 3, 1812
–
September 10, 1845
(Died)
7004122730000000000♠33 years, 219 days

19

Smith Thompson
(1768–1843)
NY
033 !Associate
Justice
Livingston
000000001823-12-09-0000December 9, 1823
(Acclamation)
000000001823-09-01-0000September 1, 1823[e]
–
December 18, 1843
(Died)
7003741300000000000♠20 years, 108 days
James Monroe

20

Robert Trimble
(1776–1828)
KY
034 !Associate
Justice
Todd
000000001826-05-09-0000May 9, 1826
(25–5)
000000001826-06-16-0000June 16, 1826
–
August 25, 1828
(Died)
7002801000000000000♠2 years, 70 days
John Quincy Adams

21

John McLean
(1785–1861)
OH
035 !Associate
Justice
Trimble
000000001829-03-07-0000March 7, 1829
(Acclamation)
000000001830-01-11-0000January 11, 1830
–
April 4, 1861
(Died)
7004114060000000000♠31 years, 83 days
Andrew Jackson

22

Henry Baldwin
(1780–1844)
PA
036 !Associate
Justice
Washington
000000001830-01-06-0000January 6, 1830
(41–2)
000000001830-01-18-0000January 18, 1830
–
April 21, 1844
(Died)
7003520700000000000♠14 years, 94 days

23

James Moore Wayne
(1790–1867)
GA
037 !Associate
Justice
W. Johnson
000000001835-01-09-0000January 9, 1835
(Acclamation)
000000001835-01-14-0000January 14, 1835
–
July 5, 1867
(Died)
7004118600000000000♠32 years, 172 days

24

Roger B. Taney
(1777–1864)
MD
005 !Chief
Justice
J. Marshall
000000001836-03-15-0000March 15, 1836
(29–15)
000000001836-03-28-0000March 28, 1836
–
October 12, 1864
(Died)
7004104250000000000♠28 years, 198 days

25

Philip Pendleton Barbour
(1783–1841)
VA
038 !Associate
Justice
Duvall
000000001836-03-15-0000March 15, 1836
(30–11)
000000001836-05-12-0000May 12, 1836
–
February 25, 1841
(Died)
7003175000000000000♠4 years, 289 days

26

John Catron
(1786–1865)
TN
039 !Associate
Justice
New seat
000000001837-03-08-0000March 8, 1837
(28–15)
000000001837-05-01-0000May 1, 1837
–
May 30, 1865
(Died)
7004102560000000000♠28 years, 29 days

27

John McKinley
(1780–1852)
AL
040 !Associate
Justice
New seat
000000001837-09-25-0000September 25, 1837
(Acclamation)
000000001838-01-09-0000January 9, 1838
–
July 19, 1852
(Died)
7003530500000000000♠14 years, 192 days
Martin Van Buren

28

Peter Vivian Daniel
(1784–1860)
VA
041 !Associate
Justice
Barbour
000000001841-03-02-0000March 2, 1841
(25–5)
000000001842-01-10-0000January 10, 1842
–
May 31, 1860
(Died)
7003671600000000000♠18 years, 142 days

29

Samuel Nelson
(1792–1873)
NY
042 !Associate
Justice
Thompson
000000001845-02-14-0000February 14, 1845
(Acclamation)
000000001845-02-27-0000February 27, 1845
–
November 28, 1872
(Retired)
7004101360000000000♠27 years, 275 days
John Tyler

30

Levi Woodbury
(1789–1851)
NH
043 !Associate
Justice
Story
000000001846-01-31-0000January 31, 1846
(Acclamation)
000000001845-09-23-0000September 23, 1845[e]
–
September 4, 1851
(Died)
7003217200000000000♠5 years, 346 days
James K. Polk

31

Robert Cooper Grier
(1794–1870)
PA
044 !Associate
Justice
Baldwin
000000001846-08-04-0000August 4, 1846
(Acclamation)
000000001846-08-10-0000August 10, 1846
–
January 31, 1870
(Retired)
7003857500000000000♠23 years, 174 days

32

Benjamin Robbins Curtis
(1809–1874)
MA
045 !Associate
Justice
Woodbury
000000001851-12-20-0000December 20, 1851
(Acclamation)
000000001851-10-10-0000October 10, 1851[e]
–
September 30, 1857
(Resigned)
7003218200000000000♠5 years, 355 days
Millard Fillmore

33

John Archibald Campbell
(1811–1889)
AL
046 !Associate
Justice
McKinley
000000001853-03-22-0000March 22, 1853
(Acclamation)
000000001853-04-11-0000April 11, 1853
–
April 30, 1861
(Resigned)
7003294100000000000♠8 years, 19 days
Franklin Pierce

34

Nathan Clifford
(1803–1881)
ME
047 !Associate
Justice
Curtis
000000001858-01-12-0000January 12, 1858
(26–23)
000000001858-01-21-0000January 21, 1858
–
July 25, 1881
(Died)
7003858600000000000♠23 years, 185 days
James Buchanan

35

Noah Haynes Swayne
(1804–1884)
OH
048 !Associate
Justice
McLean
000000001862-01-24-0000January 24, 1862
(38–1)
000000001862-01-27-0000January 27, 1862
–
January 24, 1881
(Retired)
7003693700000000000♠18 years, 363 days
Abraham Lincoln

36

Samuel Freeman Miller
(1816–1890)
IA
049 !Associate
Justice
Daniel
000000001862-07-16-0000July 16, 1862
(Acclamation)
000000001862-07-21-0000July 21, 1862
–
October 13, 1890
(Died)
7004103110000000000♠28 years, 84 days

37

David Davis
(1815–1886)
IL
050 !Associate
Justice
Campbell
000000001862-12-08-0000December 8, 1862
(Acclamation)
000000001862-12-10-0000December 10, 1862[e]
–
March 4, 1877
(Resigned)
7003519800000000000♠14 years, 84 days

38

Stephen Johnson Field
(1816–1899)
CA
051 !Associate
Justice
New seat
000000001863-03-10-0000March 10, 1863
(Acclamation)
000000001863-05-10-0000May 10, 1863
–
December 1, 1897
(Retired)
7004126240000000000♠34 years, 205 days

39

Salmon P. Chase
(1808–1873)
OH
006 !Chief
Justice
Taney
000000001864-12-06-0000December 6, 1864
(Acclamation)
000000001864-12-15-0000December 15, 1864
–
May 7, 1873
(Died)
7003306500000000000♠8 years, 143 days

40

William Strong
(1808–1895)
PA
052 !Associate
Justice
Grier
000000001870-02-18-0000February 18, 1870
(No vote recorded)
000000001870-03-14-0000March 14, 1870
–
December 14, 1880
(Retired)
7003392800000000000♠10 years, 275 days
Ulysses S. Grant

41

Joseph Philo Bradley
(1813–1892)
NJ
053 !Associate
Justice
New seat
000000001870-03-21-0000March 21, 1870
(46–9)
000000001870-03-23-0000March 23, 1870
–
January 22, 1892
(Died)
7003797500000000000♠21 years, 305 days

42

Ward Hunt
(1810–1886)
NY
054 !Associate
Justice
Nelson
000000001872-12-11-0000December 11, 1872
(Acclamation)
000000001873-01-09-0000January 9, 1873
–
January 27, 1882
(Retired)
7003330500000000000♠9 years, 18 days

43

Morrison Waite
(1816–1888)
OH
007 !Chief
Justice
S. P. Chase
000000001874-01-21-0000January 21, 1874
(63–0)
000000001874-03-04-0000March 4, 1874
–
March 23, 1888
(Died)
7003513300000000000♠14 years, 19 days

44

John Marshall Harlan
(1833–1911)
KY
055 !Associate
Justice
Davis
000000001877-11-29-0000November 29, 1877
(Acclamation)
000000001877-12-10-0000December 10, 1877
–
October 14, 1911
(Died)
7004123600000000000♠33 years, 308 days
Rutherford B. Hayes

45

William Burnham Woods
(1824–1887)
GA
056 !Associate
Justice
Strong
000000001880-12-21-0000December 21, 1880
(39–8)
000000001881-01-05-0000January 5, 1881
–
May 14, 1887
(Died)
7003232000000000000♠6 years, 129 days

46

Stanley Matthews
(1824–1889)
OH
057 !Associate
Justice
Swayne
000000001881-05-12-0000May 12, 1881
(24–23)
000000001881-05-17-0000May 17, 1881
–
March 22, 1889
(Died)
7003286600000000000♠7 years, 309 days
James Garfield

47

Horace Gray
(1828–1902)
MA
058 !Associate
Justice
Clifford
000000001881-12-20-0000December 20, 1881
(51–5)
000000001882-01-09-0000January 9, 1882
–
September 15, 1902
(Died)
7003755300000000000♠20 years, 249 days
Chester A. Arthur

48

Samuel Blatchford
(1820–1893)
NY
059 !Associate
Justice
Hunt
000000001882-03-22-0000March 22, 1882
(Acclamation)
000000001882-04-03-0000April 3, 1882
–
July 7, 1893
(Died)
7003411300000000000♠11 years, 95 days

49

Lucius Quintus
Cincinnatus Lamar II
(1825–1893)
MS
060 !Associate
Justice
Woods
000000001888-01-16-0000January 16, 1888
(32–28)
000000001888-01-18-0000January 18, 1888
–
January 23, 1893
(Died)
7003183200000000000♠5 years, 5 days
Grover Cleveland

50

Melville Fuller
(1833–1910)
IL
008 !Chief
Justice
Waite
000000001888-07-20-0000July 20, 1888
(41–20)
000000001888-10-08-0000October 8, 1888
–
July 4, 1910
(Died)
7003793800000000000♠21 years, 269 days

51

David Josiah Brewer
(1837–1910)
KS
061 !Associate
Justice
Matthews
000000001889-12-18-0000December 18, 1889
(53–11)
000000001890-01-06-0000January 6, 1890
–
March 28, 1910
(Died)
7003738500000000000♠20 years, 81 days
Benjamin Harrison

52

Henry Billings Brown
(1836–1913)
MI
062 !Associate
Justice
Miller
000000001890-12-29-0000December 29, 1890
(Acclamation)
000000001891-01-05-0000January 5, 1891
–
May 28, 1906
(Retired)
7003598600000000000♠16 years, 143 days

53

George Shiras, Jr.
(1832–1924)
PA
063 !Associate
Justice
Bradley
000000001892-07-26-0000July 26, 1892
(Acclamation)
000000001892-10-10-0000October 10, 1892
–
February 23, 1903
(Retired)
7003378700000000000♠10 years, 136 days

54

Howell Edmunds Jackson
(1832–1895)
TN
064 !Associate
Justice
L. Lamar
000000001893-02-18-0000February 18, 1893
(Acclamation)
000000001893-03-04-0000March 4, 1893
–
August 8, 1895
(Died)
7002887000000000000♠2 years, 157 days

55

Edward Douglass White
(1845–1921)
LA
065 !Associate
Justice
Blatchford
000000001894-02-19-0000February 19, 1894
(Acclamation)
000000001894-03-12-0000March 12, 1894
–
December 18, 1910
(Continued as chief justice)
7003612400000000000♠16 years, 281 days
Grover Cleveland

56

Rufus Wheeler Peckham
(1838–1909)
NY
066 !Associate
Justice
H. Jackson
000000001895-12-09-0000December 9, 1895
(Acclamation)
000000001896-01-06-0000January 6, 1896
–
October 24, 1909
(Died)
7003503900000000000♠13 years, 291 days

57

Joseph McKenna
(1843–1926)
CA
067 !Associate
Justice[h]
Field
000000001898-01-21-0000January 21, 1898
(Acclamation)
000000001898-01-26-0000January 26, 1898
–
January 5, 1925
(Retired)
7003984000000000000♠26 years, 345 days
William McKinley

58

Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
(1841–1935)
MA
068 !Associate
Justice[i]
Gray
000000001902-12-04-0000December 4, 1902
(Acclamation)
000000001902-12-08-0000December 8, 1902
–
January 12, 1932
(Retired)
7004106270000000000♠29 years, 35 days
Theodore Roosevelt

59

William R. Day
(1849–1923)
OH
069 !Associate
Justice
Shiras
000000001903-02-23-0000February 23, 1903
(Acclamation)
000000001903-03-02-0000March 2, 1903
–
November 13, 1922
(Retired)
7003719600000000000♠19 years, 256 days

60

William Henry Moody
(1853–1917)
MA
070 !Associate
Justice
Brown
000000001906-12-12-0000December 12, 1906
(Acclamation)
000000001906-12-17-0000December 17, 1906
–
November 20, 1910
(Retired)
7003143400000000000♠3 years, 338 days

61

Horace Harmon Lurton
(1844–1914)
TN
071 !Associate
Justice
Peckham
000000001909-12-20-0000December 20, 1909
(Acclamation)
000000001910-01-03-0000January 3, 1910
–
July 12, 1914
(Died)
7003166500000000000♠4 years, 204 days
William Howard Taft

62

Charles Evans Hughes
(1862–1948)
NY
072 !Associate
Justice
Brewer
000000001910-05-02-0000May 2, 1910
(Acclamation)
000000001910-10-10-0000October 10, 1910
–
June 10, 1916
(Resigned)
7003207000000000000♠5 years, 244 days

55

Edward Douglass White
(1845–1921)
LA
009 !Chief
Justice
Fuller
000000001910-12-12-0000December 12, 1910
(Acclamation)
000000001910-12-19-0000December 19, 1910
–
May 19, 1921
(Died)
7003380400000000000♠10 years, 151 days

63

Willis Van Devanter
(1859–1941)
WY
073 !Associate
Justice
E. D. White
000000001910-12-15-0000December 15, 1910
(Acclamation)
000000001911-01-03-0000January 3, 1911[j]
–
June 2, 1937
(Retired)
7003964700000000000♠26 years, 150 days

64

Joseph Rucker Lamar
(1857–1916)
GA
074 !Associate
Justice
Moody
000000001910-12-15-0000December 15, 1910
(Acclamation)
000000001911-01-03-0000January 3, 1911[j]
–
January 2, 1916
(Died)
7003182500000000000♠4 years, 364 days

65

Mahlon Pitney
(1858–1924)
NJ
075 !Associate
Justice
J. Harlan
000000001912-03-13-0000March 13, 1912
(50–26)
000000001912-03-18-0000March 18, 1912
–
December 31, 1922
(Resigned)
7003394000000000000♠10 years, 288 days

66

James Clark McReynolds
(1862–1946)
TN
076 !Associate
Justice
Lurton
000000001914-08-29-0000August 29, 1914
(44–6)
000000001914-10-12-0000October 12, 1914
–
January 31, 1941
(Retired)
7003960800000000000♠26 years, 111 days
Woodrow Wilson

67

Louis Brandeis
(1856–1941)
KY
077 !Associate
Justice
J. Lamar
000000001916-06-01-0000June 1, 1916
(47–22)
000000001916-06-05-0000June 5, 1916
–
February 13, 1939
(Retired)
7003828800000000000♠22 years, 253 days

68

John Hessin Clarke
(1857–1945)
OH
078 !Associate
Justice
Hughes
000000001916-07-24-0000July 24, 1916
(Acclamation)
000000001916-10-09-0000October 9, 1916
–
September 18, 1922
(Retired)
7003217000000000000♠5 years, 344 days

69

William Howard Taft
(1857–1930)
CT
010 !Chief
Justice
E. D. White
000000001921-06-30-0000June 30, 1921
(Acclamation)
000000001921-07-11-0000July 11, 1921
–
February 3, 1930
(Retired)
7003312900000000000♠8 years, 207 days
Warren G. Harding

70

George Sutherland
(1862–1942)
UT
080 !Associate
Justice
Clarke
000000001922-09-05-0000September 5, 1922
(Acclamation)
000000001922-10-02-0000October 2, 1922
–
January 17, 1938
(Retired)
7003558600000000000♠15 years, 107 days

71

Pierce Butler
(1866–1939)
MN
081 !Associate
Justice
Day
000000001922-12-21-0000December 21, 1922
(61–8)
000000001923-01-02-0000January 2, 1923
–
November 16, 1939
(Died)
7003616200000000000♠16 years, 318 days

72

Edward Terry Sanford
(1865–1930)
TN
082 !Associate
Justice
Pitney
000000001923-01-29-0000January 29, 1923
(Acclamation)
000000001923-02-19-0000February 19, 1923
–
March 8, 1930
(Died)
7003257400000000000♠7 years, 17 days

73

Harlan F. Stone
(1872–1946)
NY
083 !Associate
Justice[k]
McKenna
000000001925-02-05-0000February 5, 1925
(71–6)
000000001925-03-02-0000March 2, 1925
–
July 2, 1941
(Continued as chief justice)
7003596600000000000♠16 years, 122 days
Calvin Coolidge

62

Charles Evans Hughes
(1862–1948)
NY
011 !Chief
Justice
Taft
000000001930-02-13-0000February 13, 1930
(52–26)
000000001930-02-24-0000February 24, 1930
–
June 30, 1941
(Retired)
7003414400000000000♠11 years, 126 days
Herbert Hoover

74

Owen Josephus Roberts
(1875–1955)
PA
084 !Associate
Justice
Sanford
000000001930-05-20-0000May 20, 1930
(Acclamation)
000000001930-06-02-0000June 2, 1930
–
July 31, 1945
(Resigned)
7003553800000000000♠15 years, 59 days

75

Benjamin N. Cardozo
(1870–1938)
NY
085 !Associate
Justice
Holmes
000000001932-02-24-0000February 24, 1932
(Acclamation)
000000001932-03-14-0000March 14, 1932
–
July 9, 1938
(Died)
7003230800000000000♠6 years, 117 days

76

Hugo Black
(1886–1971)
AL
086 !Associate
Justice[l]
Van Devanter
000000001937-08-17-0000August 17, 1937
(63–16)
000000001937-08-19-0000August 19, 1937
–
September 17, 1971
(Retired)
7004124470000000000♠34 years, 29 days
Franklin D. Roosevelt

77

Stanley Forman Reed
(1884–1980)
KY
087 !Associate
Justice
Sutherland
000000001938-01-25-0000January 25, 1938
(Acclamation)
000000001938-01-31-0000January 31, 1938
–
February 25, 1957
(Retired)
7003696500000000000♠19 years, 25 days

78

Felix Frankfurter
(1882–1965)
MA
088 !Associate
Justice
Cardozo
000000001939-01-17-0000January 17, 1939
(Acclamation)
000000001939-01-30-0000January 30, 1939
–
August 28, 1962
(Retired)
7003861100000000000♠23 years, 210 days

79

William O. Douglas
(1898–1980)
CT
089 !Associate
Justice
Brandeis
000000001939-04-04-0000April 4, 1939
(62–4)
000000001939-04-17-0000April 17, 1939
–
November 12, 1975
(Retired)
7004133600000000000♠36 years, 211 days

80

Frank Murphy
(1890–1949)
MI
090 !Associate
Justice
Butler
000000001940-01-16-0000January 16, 1940
(Acclamation)
000000001940-02-05-0000February 5, 1940
–
July 19, 1949
(Died)
7003345200000000000♠9 years, 164 days

73

Harlan F. Stone
(1872–1946)
NY
012 !Chief
Justice
Hughes
000000001941-06-27-0000June 27, 1941
(Acclamation)
000000001941-07-03-0000July 3, 1941
–
April 22, 1946
(Died)
7003175400000000000♠4 years, 293 days

81

James F. Byrnes
(1882–1972)
SC
091 !Associate
Justice
McReynolds
000000001941-06-12-0000June 12, 1941
(Acclamation)
000000001941-07-08-0000July 8, 1941
–
October 3, 1942
(Resigned)
7002452000000000000♠1 year, 87 days

82

Robert H. Jackson
(1892–1954)
NY
092 !Associate
Justice
Stone
000000001941-07-07-0000July 7, 1941
(Acclamation)
000000001941-07-11-0000July 11, 1941
–
October 9, 1954
(Died)
7003483800000000000♠13 years, 90 days

83

Wiley Blount Rutledge
(1894–1949)
IA
093 !Associate
Justice
Byrnes
000000001943-02-08-0000February 8, 1943
(Acclamation)
000000001943-02-15-0000February 15, 1943
–
September 10, 1949
(Died)
7003239900000000000♠6 years, 207 days

84

Harold Hitz Burton
(1888–1964)
OH
094 !Associate
Justice
O. Roberts
000000001945-09-19-0000September 19, 1945
(Acclamation)
000000001945-10-01-0000October 1, 1945
–
October 13, 1958
(Retired)
7003476000000000000♠13 years, 12 days
Harry S. Truman

85

Fred M. Vinson
(1890–1953)
KY
013 !Chief
Justice
Stone
000000001946-06-20-0000June 20, 1946
(Acclamation)
000000001946-06-24-0000June 24, 1946
–
September 8, 1953
(Died)
7003263300000000000♠7 years, 76 days

86

Tom C. Clark
(1899–1977)
TX
094 !Associate
Justice
Murphy
000000001949-08-18-0000August 18, 1949
(73–8)
000000001949-08-24-0000August 24, 1949
–
June 12, 1967
(Retired)
7003650100000000000♠17 years, 292 days

87

Sherman Minton
(1890–1965)
IN
095 !Associate
Justice
W. Rutledge
000000001949-10-04-0000October 4, 1949
(48–16)
000000001949-10-12-0000October 12, 1949
–
October 15, 1956
(Retired)
7003256000000000000♠7 years, 3 days

88

Earl Warren
(1891–1974)
CA
014 !Chief
Justice
Vinson
000000001954-03-01-0000March 1, 1954
(Acclamation)
000000001953-10-05-0000October 5, 1953[e]
–
June 23, 1969
(Retired)
7003574000000000000♠15 years, 261 days
Dwight D. Eisenhower

89

John Marshall Harlan II
(1899–1971)
NY
096 !Associate
Justice
R. Jackson
000000001955-03-16-0000March 16, 1955
(71–11)
000000001955-03-28-0000March 28, 1955
–
September 23, 1971
(Retired)
7003602300000000000♠16 years, 179 days

90

William J. Brennan
(1906–1997)
NJ
097 !Associate
Justice
Minton
000000001957-03-19-0000March 19, 1957
(Acclamation)
000000001956-10-16-0000October 16, 1956[e]
–
July 20, 1990
(Retired)
7004123300000000000♠33 years, 277 days

91

Charles Evans Whittaker
(1901–1973)
MO
098 !Associate
Justice
Reed
000000001957-03-19-0000March 19, 1957
(Acclamation)
000000001957-03-25-0000March 25, 1957
–
March 31, 1962
(Resigned)
7003183200000000000♠5 years, 6 days

92

Potter Stewart
(1915–1985)
OH
099 !Associate
Justice
Burton
000000001959-05-05-0000May 5, 1959
(70–17)
000000001958-10-14-0000October 14, 1958[e]
–
July 3, 1981
(Retired)
7003829800000000000♠22 years, 262 days

93

Byron White
(1917–2002)
CO
100 !Associate
Justice
Whittaker
000000001962-04-11-0000April 11, 1962
(Acclamation)
000000001962-04-16-0000April 16, 1962
–
June 28, 1993
(Retired)
7004113960000000000♠31 years, 73 days
John F. Kennedy

94

Arthur Goldberg
(1908–1990)
IL
101 !Associate
Justice
Frankfurter
000000001962-09-25-0000September 25, 1962
(Acclamation)
000000001962-10-01-0000October 1, 1962
–
July 25, 1965
(Resigned)
7003103100000000000♠2 years, 300 days

95

Abe Fortas
(1910–1982)
TN
102 !Associate
Justice
Goldberg
000000001965-08-11-0000August 11, 1965
(Acclamation)
000000001965-10-04-0000October 4, 1965
–
May 14, 1969
(Resigned)
7003131800000000000♠3 years, 222 days
Lyndon B. Johnson

96

Thurgood Marshall
(1908–1993)
NY
103 !Associate
Justice
Clark
000000001967-08-30-0000August 30, 1967
(69–11)
000000001967-10-02-0000October 2, 1967
–
October 1, 1991
(Retired)
7003876500000000000♠23 years, 364 days

97

Warren E. Burger
(1907–1995)
VA
015 !Chief
Justice
Warren
000000001969-06-09-0000June 9, 1969
(74–3)
000000001969-06-23-0000June 23, 1969
–
September 26, 1986
(Retired)
7003630400000000000♠17 years, 95 days
Richard Nixon

98

Harry Blackmun
(1908–1999)
MN
104 !Associate
Justice
Fortas
000000001970-05-12-0000May 12, 1970
(94–0)
000000001970-06-09-0000June 9, 1970
–
August 3, 1994
(Retired)
7003882100000000000♠24 years, 55 days

99

Lewis F. Powell Jr.
(1907–1998)
VA
105 !Associate
Justice
Black
000000001971-12-06-0000December 6, 1971
(89–1)
000000001972-01-07-0000January 7, 1972[m]
–
June 26, 1987
(Retired)
7003564900000000000♠15 years, 170 days

100

William Rehnquist
(1924–2005)
AZ
106 !Associate
Justice
J. Harlan II
000000001971-12-10-0000December 10, 1971
(68–26)
000000001972-01-07-0000January 7, 1972[m]
–
September 26, 1986
(Continued as chief justice)
7003537600000000000♠14 years, 262 days

101

John Paul Stevens
(born 1920)
IL
107 !Associate
Justice[n]
Douglas
000000001975-12-17-0000December 17, 1975
(98–0)
000000001975-12-19-0000December 19, 1975
–
June 29, 2010
(Retired)
7004126110000000000♠34 years, 192 days
Gerald Ford

102

Sandra Day O'Connor
(born 1930)
AZ
108 !Associate
Justice
Stewart
000000001981-09-21-0000September 21, 1981
(99–0)
000000001981-09-25-0000September 25, 1981
–
January 31, 2006
(Retired)
7003889400000000000♠24 years, 128 days
Ronald Reagan

100

William Rehnquist
(1924–2005)
VA
016 !Chief
Justice
Burger
000000001986-09-17-0000September 17, 1986
(65–33)
000000001986-09-26-0000September 26, 1986
–
September 3, 2005
(Died)
7003691700000000000♠18 years, 342 days

103

Antonin Scalia
(1936–2016)
VA
109 !Associate
Justice
Rehnquist
000000001986-09-17-0000September 17, 1986
(98–0)
000000001986-09-26-0000September 26, 1986
–
February 13, 2016
(Died)
7004107320000000000♠29 years, 140 days

104

Anthony Kennedy
(born 1936)
CA
110 !Associate
Justice
Powell
000000001988-02-03-0000February 3, 1988
(97–0)
000000001988-02-18-0000February 18, 1988
–
Incumbent
7004110140000000000♠30 years, 56 days[o]

105

David Souter
(born 1939)
NH
110 !Associate
Justice
Brennan
000000001990-10-02-0000October 2, 1990
(90–9)
000000001990-10-09-0000October 9, 1990
–
June 29, 2009
(Retired)
7003683800000000000♠18 years, 263 days
George H. W. Bush

106

Clarence Thomas
(born 1948)
GA
111 !Associate
Justice
T. Marshall
000000001991-10-15-0000October 15, 1991
(52–48)
000000001991-10-23-0000October 23, 1991
–
Incumbent
7003967100000000000♠26 years, 174 days[o]

107

Ruth Bader Ginsburg
(born 1933)
NY
112 !Associate
Justice
B. White
000000001993-08-03-0000August 3, 1993
(96–3)
000000001993-08-10-0000August 10, 1993
–
Incumbent
7003901400000000000♠24 years, 248 days[o]
Bill Clinton

108

Stephen Breyer
(born 1938)
MA
113 !Associate
Justice
Blackmun
000000001994-07-29-0000July 29, 1994
(87–9)
000000001994-08-03-0000August 3, 1994
–
Incumbent
7003865600000000000♠23 years, 255 days[o]

109

John Roberts
(born 1955)
MD
017 !Chief
Justice
Rehnquist
000000002005-09-29-0000September 29, 2005
(78–22)
000000002005-09-29-0000September 29, 2005
–
Incumbent
7003458100000000000♠12 years, 198 days[o]
George W. Bush

110

Samuel Alito
(born 1950)
NJ
115 !Associate
Justice
O'Connor
000000002006-01-31-0000January 31, 2006
(58–42)
000000002006-01-31-0000January 31, 2006
–
Incumbent
7003445700000000000♠12 years, 74 days[o]

111

Sonia Sotomayor
(born 1954)
NY
116 !Associate
Justice
Souter
000000002009-08-06-0000August 6, 2009
(68–31)
000000002009-08-08-0000August 8, 2009
–
Incumbent
7003317200000000000♠8 years, 250 days[o]
Barack Obama

112

Elena Kagan
(born 1960)
MA
117 !Associate
Justice
Stevens
000000002010-08-05-0000August 5, 2010
(63–37)
000000002010-08-07-0000August 7, 2010
–
Incumbent
7003280800000000000♠7 years, 251 days[o]

113

Neil Gorsuch
(born 1967)
CO
118 !Associate
Justice
Scalia
000000002017-04-07-0000April 7, 2017
(54–45)
000000002017-04-10-0000April 10, 2017
–
Incumbent
7002370000000000000♠1 year, 5 days[o]
Donald Trump

Justice
State[c]
Position
Replacing
Date confirmed
(Vote)
Tenure
Tenure length
Appointed by

tag: table

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b Served on the Supreme Court twice, first as associate justice, and then, after a period of years off the Court, as chief justice.
^ Jump up to: a b c Elevated from associate justice to chief justice while serving on the Supreme Court. Such appointments are subject to a separate confirmation process.
^ Jump up to: a b State of residence at the time of appointment. For example, in 1971, Rehnquist was appointed from Arizona, but in 1986, when elevated to chief justice, he was appointed from Virginia.[22]
Jump up ^ The start date given for each justice is the day he or she took the prescribed judicial oath of office, with the end date being the date of the justice's death, resignation, or retirement.[21]
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Recess appointment
Jump up ^ This was the first Supreme Court nomination to be rejected by the Senate. Rutledge remains the only "recess appointed" justice not to be subsequently confirmed by the Senate.
Jump up ^ Was impeached, but not convicted, and remained in office.
Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, May 19 – July 11, 1921.
Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, February 3–24, 1930.
^ Jump up to: a b While Willis Van Devanter and Joseph Rucker Lamar were sworn in as associate justice on the same date, their seniority (precedence) on the Supreme Court was determined by the seniority of their commissions—Van Devanter received and accepted his first—in accordance with XIII Rev. Stat. 9 § 674.
Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, June 30 – July 3, 1941.
Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 36 Stat. 1152, April 22 – June 24, 1946, and again, under 62 Stat. 869, September 8 – October 5, 1953.
^ Jump up to: a b While Lewis Powell and William Rehnqust were sworn in as associate justice on the same date, their seniority (precedence) on the Supreme Court was determined by the seniority of their commissions—Powell received and accepted his first—in accordance with accordance with 62 Stat. 869.
Jump up ^ Acted as chief justice under 62 Stat. 869, September 3–29, 2005.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i As of April 15, 2018.

tag: ol

text: Timelines[edit]

text: All justices[edit]

text: This graphical timeline depicts the progression of the justices on the Supreme Court. Information regarding each justice's predecessors, successors and fellow justices, as well as their tenure on the court can be gleaned (and comparisons betwen justices drawn) from it. Additionally, The progression of presidents, along with the number of justices each nominated, is shown at the top of the timeline to give a more detailed historical context. Regarding the associate justice seat numbers, due to the several changes in the size of the Court since 1789, two of the ten seats chronicled below—"Seat 7" and "Seat 5"—have been abolished, both as a result of the Judicial Circuits Act of 1866.

text: Current justices[edit]

text: This graphical timeline depicts the length of each current Supreme Court justice's tenure on the Court.