document_title: Tom Hiddleston

question_text: who does tom hiddleston play in the muppets

root

text: Tom Hiddleston

text: Early life

text: Thomas William Hiddleston was born on 9 February 1981 in Westminster, London,[1] the son of Diana Patricia (née Servaes) Hiddleston, an arts administrator and former stage manager, and James Norman Hiddleston, a physical chemist.[2] His father is from Greenock, Scotland[3] and his mother is from Suffolk.[4] His younger sister, Emma, is also an actress, whilst his older sister, Sarah, is a journalist in India.[5] Through his mother, he is a great-grandson of Vice Admiral Reginald Servaes and a great-great-grandson of food producer Sir Edmund Vestey.[6]

tag: p

text: Hiddleston was raised in Wimbledon in his early years, and later moved to a village near Oxford.[4] He started boarding at the Dragon School preparatory school[7] in Oxford when he was seven.[8] His parents divorced when he was 12.[9] When discussing his parents' divorce in an interview with The Daily Telegraph, he stated: "I like to think it made me more compassionate in my understanding of human frailty."[10]

text: At the age of 13, Hiddleston started at Eton College, again as a boarder. He continued on to Pembroke College at the University of Cambridge, where he earned a double first in Classics.[3][11][12] During his second term at Cambridge, he was seen in a production of A Streetcar Named Desire by talent agent Lorraine Hamilton of Hamilton Hodell.[13] He proceeded to study acting at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, from which he graduated in 2005.[14]

text: Career

text: 2001–2010: Early work

text: While still doing student plays, Hiddleston began appearing on television, landing parts in Stephen Whittaker's adaptation of Nicholas Nickleby (2001) for ITV,[13] the BBC/HBO co-production Conspiracy (2001), and as Randolph Churchill, the son of Winston Churchill, in the BBC/HBO drama The Gathering Storm (2002).[15]

text: Upon graduating from RADA, Hiddleston was cast in his first film role, playing Oakley in Joanna Hogg's first feature film, Unrelated (2006). His sister Emma also appeared in the film as Badge. Casting director, Lucy Bevan, who cast him in the film said "there was just a fantastic confidence about him". Hiddleston had leading roles in Declan Donnellan's company Cheek by Jowl's productions The Changeling (2006), and Cymbeline (2007). For the latter he won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play.[16] His Donmar Warehouse credits include Cassio in Michael Grandage's production of Shakespeare's Othello (2008) alongside Chiwetel Ejiofor and Ewan McGregor,[17][18] and Lvov in the West End revival of Chekhov's Ivanov (2008) with Kenneth Branagh.[13]

text: Hiddleston was the voiceover for BBC's documentary on the Galapagos Island in 2006.[19] He also narrated the audiobook The Red Necklace by Sally Gardner in 2007,[20] Hiddleston played the leading role of Edward in Hogg's second feature, Archipelago (2010).[21] His TV credits include Magnus Martinsson in the BBC detective drama Wallander (2008), Bill Hazledine in Suburban Shootout (2006), John Plumptre in the BBC costume drama TV film Miss Austen Regrets (2008) and William Buxton in the BBC drama series Return to Cranford (2009). In 2007, he joined a list of British actors, including Kate Winslet and Orlando Bloom, to have guest starred in the long-running medical drama Casualty.[22]

text: 2011–2014: Career breakthrough

text: Hiddleston is well known for his portrayal of Loki in the 2011 Marvel Studios film Thor. He was invited to audition by Kenneth Branagh, the film's director, after having previously worked with Branagh on Ivanov and Wallander. Hiddleston said of Branagh, "Ken has had a life-changing effect. He was able to say to the executives, 'Trust me on this, you can cast Tom and he will deliver'. It was massive and it's completely changed the course of what is available to me to do. Ken gave me my break."[23] In the beginning, he originally auditioned for the part of Thor. "I initially auditioned to play Thor. That was what I was being considered for, because I'm tall and blonde and classically trained, and that seemed to be the mold for what Thor was, he was to be a classical character. And it was in my auditions. I owe this entirely to Marvel and their open-mindedness, they saw something that they thought was interesting. They saw some temperament that they liked."[24] The casting director gave Hiddleston six weeks to bulk up, so he went on a strict diet and gained twenty pounds of muscle.[25] In the end, Branagh decided he was more suitable as the antagonist and cast him as Loki. The film magazine Empire ranked Hiddleston's portrayal as Loki the 19th Greatest Movie Character of All Time.[26]

text: In November 2010, Hiddleston appeared with Benedict Cumberbatch, Gemma Arterton, Eddie Redmayne and Rose Byrne among others in Danny Boyle's one time production of The Children's Monologues, in which he played Prudence, a young girl upset with her mother for her father leaving and excited for her birthday. The play was a one time event of adapted stories of children's first-hand experiences in South Africa being re-interpreted by and performed by various actors.[27]

text: In 2011, Hiddleston portrayed novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald in writer-director Woody Allen's Midnight in Paris. He then played the noble Captain Nicholls in War Horse, a film based on the 1982 novel by Michael Morpurgo, directed by Steven Spielberg. The same year he starred as Freddie Page, a RAF pilot in the drama The Deep Blue Sea, alongside Rachel Weisz. In 2012, he reprised his role as the supervillain Loki in The Avengers. While filming a scene with Chris Hemsworth, who plays Thor, the film's director, Joss Whedon told the fighting duo that the scene did not look real enough, so Hiddleston told Hemsworth to really hit him for the fight scene. "I said to Chris, 'Dude, just hit me. Just hit me because I'm protected here and it's fine.' He's like, 'Are you sure?' I was like, 'Yeah, it will look great. Just go for it.'"[28] He provided the voiceover the Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead in 2011 and poetry for iF Poems and The Love Book on iTunes in 2012.[29][30]

text: On television in 2012, Hiddleston appeared in the BBC Two series The Hollow Crown, portraying Prince Hal opposite Jeremy Irons as Henry IV in the adaptation of Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part I and Part II. He later as appeared as King Henry V in the television film Henry V.[31] In 2013, Hiddleston played Loki again in Thor: The Dark World,[32] following which he played a vampire in Jim Jarmusch's film Only Lovers Left Alive with Tilda Swinton and Mia Wasikowska.[33]

text: From December 2013 to February 2014, Hiddleston played the title character in William Shakespeare's Coriolanus at the Donmar Warehouse in Covent Garden directed by Josie Rourke. It was also aired live internationally on 30 January 2014.[34][35] David Benedict of Variety praised a "scorching" performance.[36] He had a cameo in the 2014 film Muppets Most Wanted, as the Great Escapo.[22]

text: 2015–present: varied roles

text: Hiddleston replaced Benedict Cumberbatch in the gothic horror film Crimson Peak, directed by Guillermo del Toro.[37] The film started filming in Toronto in February 2014, and was released in October 2015.[38][39] He starred as Robert Laing in High-Rise (2015), based on J. G. Ballard's novel of the same name and directed by Ben Wheatley.[40][41][42]

text: In January 2014, Hiddleston became a spokesperson for Jaguar Cars in their "Good to be Bad" ad campaign featuring British actors in villain-themed commercials to promote Jaguars new models.[43] The first commercial of the campaign, titled "Rendezvous", first aired during the 2014 Super Bowl and featured Hiddleston along with Mark Strong and Ben Kingsley.[44][45]

text: In April 2014, Hiddleston starred in another commercial in the campaign, titled "The Art of Villainy". It was released on YouTube, promoting the F-Type coupe. However, the Advertising Standards Authority received complaints about the video "encouraging irresponsible driving". Jaguar Land Rover said that in the ad, when the car did leave the car park, it "accelerated briefly" and that police were present at filming to confirm the speed limit was not breached but the ASA ruled against it and banned the commercial.[46]

text: It was announced in June 2014 that Hiddleston would play country music singer Hank Williams in the 2015 biopic I Saw the Light, based on the 1994 biography. The film was directed by Marc Abraham, and was first shown in the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival.[47] The film was released on March 25, 2016, by Sony Pictures Classics.[48]

text: In 2017, Hiddleston starred in Legendary Pictures' King Kong film, Kong: Skull Island.[49] It was released on 10 March, and was directed by Jordan Vogt-Roberts.[50] He reprised his role as Loki in Thor: Ragnarok, released on 3 November 2017,[51] and also appeared in Avengers: Infinity War (2018) and its as yet untitled sequel, which is scheduled for 2019.[52]

text: Hiddleston was one of the narrators in the 2015 documentary Unity directed by Shaun Monson.[53] Hiddleston appeared as Jonathan Pine in the 2016 television mini-series The Night Manager based on the espionage and detective novel of the same name by John le Carré. The series started filming in Spring 2015 and aired on BBC and AMC with Hugh Laurie also starring.[54][55]

text: Personal life

text: Hiddleston lives in the Belsize Park area of north-west London.[56][57] He was one of the celebrities (alongside Benedict Cumberbatch, E. L. James and Rachel Riley, among others) to design and sign his own card for the UK-based charity the Thomas Coram Foundation for Children. The campaign was launched by crafting company Stampin' Up! UK and the cards were auctioned off on eBay during May 2014.[58] He is also a UK ambassador of the humanitarian and developmental assistance fund group UNICEF. He travelled to Guinea in early 2013 to help women and children and raise awareness about hunger and malnutrition.[59] Hiddleston is a self-described feminist.[60]

text: Hiddleston won the light-hearted UK award Rear of the Year 2016, in which the public nominate the male and female UK-based celebrities that they think should win the titular award.[61] One of the highest profile actors in contemporary British popular culture, Hiddleston appeared on Debrett's 2017 list of the most influential people in the UK.[62]

text: Filmography

text: Film

text:
Year

Title

Role

Notes

Refs.

2006

Unrelated

Oakley

2010

Archipelago

Edward

2011

Thor

Loki

2011

Midnight in Paris

F. Scott Fitzgerald

2011

War Horse

Captain Nicholls

2011

Friend Request Pending

Tom

Short film

2012

The Deep Blue Sea

Freddie Page

2012

Out of Time

Man

Short film

[63][64]

2012

The Avengers

Loki

2012

Out of Darkness

Male

Short film

[65]

2013

Only Lovers Left Alive

Adam

2013

Exhibition

Jamie Macmillan

2013

Thor: The Dark World

Loki

2014

Muppets Most Wanted

Great Escapo

Cameo

2014

The Pirate Fairy

James Hook

Voice

[66]

2015

Unity

Narrator

Documentary

2015

Crimson Peak

Sir Thomas Sharpe

2015

High-Rise

Dr. Robert Laing

2015

I Saw the Light

Hank Williams

2017

Kong: Skull Island

Captain James Conrad

2017

Thor: Ragnarok

Loki

[67]

2018

Early Man

Lord Nooth

Voice

[68][69]

2018

Avengers: Infinity War

Loki

[70][71]

2019

Untitled Avengers film

Loki

Post-production

[72]

tag: table

text: Television

text:
Year

Title

Role

Notes

Refs.

2001

The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby

Lord

Television film

2001

Conspiracy

Phone Operator

Television film

2001

Armadillo

Toby Sherrifmuir

Television film

2002

The Gathering Storm

Randolph Churchill

Television film

2005

A Waste of Shame

John Hall

Television film

2006

Victoria Cross Heroes

Capt. 'Jack' Randle

Episode: "The Modern Age"

[73]

2006

Suburban Shootout

Bill Hazeldine

10 episodes

[74]

2006

Galápagos

Charles Darwin (voice)

Episode: "Islands that Changed the World"

2007

Casualty

Chris Vaughn

Episode: "The Killing Floor"

2008

Wallander

Magnus Martinsson

6 episodes

[75]

2008

Miss Austen Regrets

Mr. John Plumptre

Television film

2009

Return to Cranford

William Buxton

2 episodes

[76]

2009

Darwin's Secret Notebooks

Charles Darwin (voice)

Documentary

[77]

2012

Robot Chicken

Lorax narrator (voice)

Episode: "Butchered in Burbank"

[78]

2012

Henry IV Part I and Part II

Prince Hal

Television film

2012

Henry V

Henry V

Television film

2013

Family Guy

Statue Griffin (voice)

Episode: "No Country Club for Old Men"

[78]

2016

The Night Manager

Jonathan Pine

6 episodes; also executive producer

2016

Trollhunters

Kanjigar the Courageous (voice)

Episode: "Becoming: Part 1"

[79]

text: Theatre

text:
Year

Title

Role

Venue

Ref.

1999

Journey's End

Captain Stanhope

Edinburgh Festival Fringe

[80]

2005

Yorgjin Oxo: The Man

Yorgjin Oxo

Theatre 503

[81]

2006

The Changeling

Alsemero

Cheek by Jowl/Barbican/European Tour

[82]

2007

Cymbeline

Posthumus Leonatus & Cloten

Cheek by Jowl/Barbican/World Tour

[13]

2008

Othello

Cassio

Donmar Warehouse

2008

Ivanov

Lvov

Donmar Warehouse

2010

The Children's Monologues

Prudence

Old Vic Theatre

2012

The Kingdom of Earth

Lot

Criterion Theatre

[83]

2013

Coriolanus

Coriolanus

Donmar Warehouse/Covent Garden Theatre

[34][35]

2017

Hamlet

Hamlet

Royal Academy of Dramatic Art

[84]

text: Video game

text:
Year

Title

Voice role

2011

Thor: God of Thunder

Loki

text: Radio

text:
Year

Title

Role

Director

Notes

Ref.

2002

The Trial of the Angry Brigade

John Barker

Peter Kavanagh

BBC Radio 4

2006

Dracula

Jonathan Harker

Marion Nancarrow

BBC World Service

[19]

2006

Another Country

Tommy Judd

Marc Beeby

BBC Radio 4

[85]

2007

Caesar III: An Empire Without End

Romulus

Jeremy Mortimer

BBC Radio 4

[19]

2008

Othello

Cassio

Michael Grandage

BBC Radio 3

[19]

2008

The Leopard

Tancredi

Lucy Bailey

BBC Radio 3

[86]

2008

Cyrano de Bergerac

Christian

David Timson

BBC Radio 3

[87]

2009

Carnival

Lords of Misrule

Zahid Warley

BBC Radio 3

[88]

2015

Words and Music: Memory

Reader

David Papp (producer)

BBC Radio 3

[89]

text: Awards and nominations

text:
Year

Award

Work

Result

Ref.

2006

Ian Charleson Award

The Changeling

Nominated

2007

Ian Charleson Award Third Prize

Othello

Won

[90]

2008

Laurence Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play(nominated twice for separate roles)

Nominated

[91]

Laurence Olivier Award for Best Newcomer in a Play(nominated twice for separate roles)

Cymbeline

Won

[16][91]

2009

Theatregoers' Choice Awards for Best Supporting Actor in a Play

Othello/Ivanov

Won

[92]

2010

Crime Thriller Award for Best Supporting Actor

Wallander

Nominated

2011

Alliance of Women Film Journalists Award for Best Ensemble Cast

Midnight in Paris

Nominated

[93]

Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Cast

Nominated

Scream Award for Breakout Performance – Male

Thor

Nominated

[94]

2012

Empire Award for Best Male Newcomer

Won

[95]

Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor

Archipelago

Nominated

[96]

BAFTA Rising Star Award

Thor

Nominated

[97]

Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor

Nominated

[98]

Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Villain

The Avengers

Nominated

[99]

Glamour Award for Man of the Year

N/A

Won

[100]

2013

Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Villain

The Avengers

Nominated

[101]

MTV Movie Award for Best Fight

The Avengers (shared with the cast)

Won

[102]

MTV Movie Award for Best Villain

The Avengers

Won

[102]

2014

Empire Award for Best Supporting Actor

Thor: The Dark World

Nominated

[103]

Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor

Coriolanus

Nominated

[104]

Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor

Thor: The Dark World

Nominated

[105]

Evening Standard Theatre Award for Best Actor

Coriolanus

Won

[106]

2015

WhatsOnStage.com Award for Best Actor in a Play

Nominated

[107]

Chlotrudis Award for Best Supporting Actor

Unrelated

Nominated

[108]

British Independent Film Award for Best Actor

High-Rise

Nominated

[109]

Evening Standard British Film Award for Best Actor

High-Rise; Crimson Peak

Nominated

[110]

2016

TV Choice Award for Best Actor

The Night Manager

Won

[111]

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Limited Series or Movie

Nominated

[112]

Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Limited Series

Nominated

[113]

Critics' Choice Award for Best Actor in a Movie/Miniseries

Nominated

[114]

Satellite Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film

Nominated

[115]

TV Times Award for Favourite Actor

Nominated

[116]

2017

Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film

Won

[117]

National Television Award for Favourite Drama Performance

Nominated

[118]

Producers Guild of America David L. Wolper Award – Outstanding Producer of Long-Form Television

Nominated

[119]

Empire Hero Award

Won

[120]

Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Actor – Sci-Fi/Fantasy

Kong: Skull Island

Nominated

[121]

2018

Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Scene Stealer

Thor: Ragnarok

Nominated

[122]


document_title: List of Open Era men's singles tennis players by career match wins

question_text: who has the most wins in mens tennis

question_tokens: who has the most wins in mens tennis

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
These male professional tennis players have the most career singles match wins in the Open Era.
The open era was started in April 1968.

text:
*

Inducted to the International Tennis Hall of Fame

^

Active player

text:
Rank

Player

Country

Years active

Match wins

1.
Jimmy Connors*

1970–1996
1256

2.
Roger Federer^

1998–
1166

3.
Ivan Lendl*

1978–1994
1068

4.
Guillermo Vilas*

1968–1992
949

5.
Rafael Nadal^

2001–
914

6.
John McEnroe*

1976–1992
881

7.
Andre Agassi*

1986–2006
870

8.
Ilie Năstase*

1968–1985
838

9.
Novak Djokovic^

2003–
817

10.
Stefan Edberg*

1982–1996
801

11.
Pete Sampras*

1988–2002
762

12.
David Ferrer^

1999–
726

13.
Boris Becker*

1983–1999
713

14.
Brian Gottfried

1970–1984
683

15.
Manuel Orantes*

1968–1984
679

16.
Arthur Ashe*

1968–1979
667

17.
Stan Smith*

1968–1985
662

Michael Chang*

1987–2003

19.
Andy Murray^

2002–
660

20.
Björn Borg*

1971–1983
639

21.
Tomáš Berdych^

2001–
627

22.
Thomas Muster

1984–1999
625

23.
Lleyton Hewitt

1997–2016
616

24.
Andy Roddick*

1999–2012
612

25.
Yevgeny Kafelnikov

1992–2003
609

26.
Goran Ivanišević

1988–2004
599

27.
Roscoe Tanner

1969–1985
592

28.
Eddie Dibbs

1970–1984
586

29.
Harold Solomon

1971–1986
576

30.
Carlos Moyá

1995–2010
575

31.
Mats Wilander*

1980–1996
571

32.
Tommy Haas

1996–2017
569

33.
Tom Okker

1968–1981
564

34.
Raúl Ramírez

1970–1983
539

Wojciech Fibak

1973–1988

36.
Tommy Robredo^

1998–
533

37.
John Alexander

1968–1985
532

38.
Andrés Gómez

1979–1995
531

39.
Vitas Gerulaitis

1971–1986
528

40.
Tomáš Šmíd

1976–1989
521

41.
Brad Gilbert

1981–1995
519

42.
Wayne Ferreira

1989–2005
512

42.
Richard Gasquet^

2002–
512

44.
Fernando Verdasco^

2001–
510

45.
Jim Courier*

1987–2000
506

46.
Mikhail Youzhny^

1999–
498

47.
Tim Henman

1992–2007
496

48.
Nikolay Davydenko

1999–2014
482

49.
Jaime Fillol

1968–1985
479

50.
Yannick Noah

1977–1996
478

50.
Stan Wawrinka

2002–
478

text:
hidevteTennis records and statisticsGrand Slam
Records
Champions
Men's singles
Chronological
Women's singles
Chronological
Men's doubles
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
Boys' singles
Girls' singles
Boys' doubles
Girls' doubles
Champions by country
Singles
Singles finals
Open Era singles
Men's finals
Women's finals
Age of first title
Men's
Singles
Open Era
All-time
Misc.
ATP Tour
Rankings
Records
Elite champions
Singles
Doubles
Awards
No. 1 rankings
ATP singles
ATP doubles
All-time
Select players
Singles
Doubles
Open Era
Match wins
Masters Series
Women's
Singles
Open Era
All-time
WTA Tour
Rankings
Records
Elite champions
Awards
No. 1 rankings
WTA singles and doubles
All-time
Select players
Other
Notable rivalries
Open Era
Titles leaders
Records
Ranking per country
Tournaments
Singles
Doubles
Olympics
ITF
Rankings
Champions
Match duration
Longest
Shortest
Tiebreaker
Golden set
Serving
Speed
Aces

text: Tennis-related listsTennis records and statistics

tag: ul

text: Articles needing additional references from October 2012All articles needing additional referencesArticles containing potentially dated statements from August 2018All articles containing potentially dated statements


document_title: Promise Me (song)

question_text: who sang the original 4 o'clock in the morning

text: Promise Me (song)

text: Track listings[edit]

text: Both songs written by Beverley Craven.

text:
"Promise Me" — 3:35
"I Listen to the Rain" — 2:55

tag: ol

text: Covers and sampling[edit]

text: The song has been covered numerous times, most notably it was reworked as a dance song by group Lazard, who re-titled the song "4 O'Clock (In the Morning)". Other cover versions are by Jodie Brooke Wilson, Hind, Lutricia McNeal, Sandy Lam, Tabea or, more recently, Spanish artist Rosa López released a Spanish version (titled "Júrame") in 2008; a more faithful Spanish version was named "Entre tú y yo" and was performed by the Mexican actress Chantal Andere in 1992 for her second album and as the main title song of the telenovela "Triángulo".[1] Another notable covers are by Hong Kong Cantopop diva Sandy Lam named "Without You, but Still Love You",[2] and Taiwanese Mandopop diva Winnie Hsin named "Selfish",[3] sometimes the Mandarin version and English version would be crossed over for singing competitions, as exemplified by English-Taiwanese singer (now newscaster) Annie Lin (林宜融)[4]

text: In 2003, Faroese singer Guðrun Sólja Jacobsen's performance of this song won her the Danish Talent show Stjerne for en aften. Subsequently, this performance spent a record-breaking 16 weeks at number 1 on Kringvarp Føroya's now defunct chart.

text: In 2007, Lea Salonga recorded the song for her album Inspired, a compilation of her own favorites.

text: In June 2012 Technoboy and Tuneboy sampled the song on their hardstyle single "Promise Me".[5] Three months later, German techno band Scooter sampled "Promise Me" on their single "4 AM".

text: French rap artist La Fouine sampled the first verse of the song in his 2013 song "Quand Je Partirai". The single peaked at #74 in the French charts.

text: Eminem sampled the intro and the 1st 2 lines of the first verse of the song in his 2014 song Second Chance.

text: Charts and sales[edit]

text:
Chart (1991)
Peak
position

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[6]
2

France (SNEP)[7]
6

Ireland (IRMA)
7

Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[8]
8

UK Singles (The Official Charts Company)[9]
3

End of year chart (1991)
Position

Dutch Top 40[10]
50

Country
Certification
Date
Sales certified[11]
Physical sales

France[12]
Silver
1991
125,000
106,000

text: Release history[edit]

text:
Region
Date
Label

United Kingdom
4 July 1990
CBS

United States
11 March 1991
Epic


document_title: Boy band

question_text: who is the best selling boy band of all time

text: Boy band

text: History[edit]

text: Early history[edit]

text: The earliest forerunner of boy band music began in the late 19th century as a cappella barbershop quartets.[2] They were usually a group of males and sang in four part harmonies. The popularity of barbershop quartets had been prominent into the earlier part of the 20th century. A revival of the male vocal group took place in the late 1940s and 1950s with the use of doo-wop music. Doo-wop bands sang about topics such as love and other themes used in pop music. The earliest traces of boy bands were in the mid-1950s although the term boy band was not used. African American vocal group The Ink Spots was one of the first of what would now be called boy bands. The term boy band was not established until the late 1980s as before that they were called male vocal groups or "hep harmony singing groups.[3]

text: 1960s: The Jackson 5 and the Osmonds[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Although the term "boy band" is mostly associated with groups from the 1990s onwards, the earliest predecessors of this format were groups such as the Jackson 5 and the Osmonds which helped form the template for boy bands. The Jackson 5 were a family group that established many musical conventions that boy bands follow. For instance, their music featured close harmonies from soul music and catchy pop hooks influenced as much as they were by Motown and acts like the Supremes. All members of the band sang, which is a common convention of a boy band, as opposed to having a front man and the rest on instruments; thus, no one person dominated the stage. Even so, the members conveniently fitted into the convention of having stereotypical personality types (e.g. Michael Jackson being the "cute one").

text: 1970s and 1980s: Menudo, New Edition, and New Kids on the Block[edit]

text: Other antecedents (apart from those already mentioned) exist throughout the history of pop music. The genre has been copied into languages and cultures other than the Anglo-American. The Puerto Rican boy band Menudo, appealing to young Latina audiences, was founded in 1977. Menudo had a convention unique among boy bands: when a member turned 16, became too tall, or their voice changed, they were replaced. The members of Menudo were generally aged 12–17.

text: The Bay City Rollers were a Scottish pop band who were most popular in the mid-1970s. The British Hit Singles & Albums noted that they were "tartan teen sensations from Edinburgh", and were "the first of many acts heralded as the 'Biggest Group since The Beatles' and one of the most screamed-at teeny-bopper acts of the 1970s".[4] For a relatively brief but fervent period (nicknamed "Rollermania"), they were worldwide teen idols. The group were one of the first bands like The Monkees before them to take the formula shown by The Beatles and apply it to a teen market. The group achieved the same amount of success but for a limited period of time. At the peak of their popularity in the UK, comparisons were being made to The Beatles. Also by this time, Bay City Roller fans had a completely distinctive style of dress, the main elements of which were ankle-length tartan trousers and tartan scarves, the group using the benefit of merchandise and promotion.[5]

text: In the US, the Cleveland-based power pop group Raspberries was generally interpreted as a "teen act", although all the band members played their own music. Vocalist Eric Carmen later commented, "It was not hip for people to like us, because their little sister liked us."[6]

text: Bros (abbreviation of the word "brothers") were a British boy band active in the late 1980s and early 1990s, consisting of twin brothers Matt and Luke Goss along with Craig Logan. Formed in 1986, they scored multiple top 10 hits between 1987 and 1989. In Britain Bros also became the first modern era–style boy band to have a multiple platinum selling album with Push in 1988, which is still one of the most successful boyband albums in the UK. Other big boy bands in Britain during the late eighties were Big Fun and Brother Beyond.

text: Boston group New Edition was formed in 1978 and reached their height of popularity in the 1980s, making them often credited for starting the boy band trend in the 1980s, even though the term "boy band" did not exist until the 1990s. Maurice Starr was influenced by New Edition and popularized it with his protégé New Kids on the Block, the first commercially successful modern boy band who formed in 1984 and found international success in 1988. Starr's idea was to take the traditional template from the R&B genre (in this case his teenage band New Edition) and apply it to a pop genre.

text: 1990s: Boyz II Men, Take That, Backstreet Boys, NSYNC, and Westlife[edit]

text: Some managers in Europe soon created their own acts after being inspired by New Kids on the Block. First beginning with Nigel Martin-Smith's Take That in the UK who formed in 1990 and followed by Tom Watkins who had success with Bros in the late eighties and formed East 17 in 1991 who were marketed and pitted against Take That as rivals with a harsher attitude, style and sound. Since reforming after a decade-long hiatus, Take That have become one of the most successful groups in British music chart history. Irish music manager Louis Walsh, who had witnessed the impact of these British boy bands, put out an advert for an 'Irish Take That' thereby creating Boyzone in 1993. Let Loose formed in 1993, MN8 and 911 formed in 1995, and Damage formed in 1996 were also boy bands who enjoyed success in Britain; however by the late 1990s all these bands had run their course and split up.

text: All these artists were very successful on both the singles and albums charts domestically and internationally however with the emergence of Britpop and the commercial co-option of indie rock, many boy bands were ridiculed by the British music press as having no artistic credibility, although some boy bands, such as East 17 and Take That, did write most of their own material. The media attention was then placed on the "Battle of Britpop" and the bands Oasis and Blur replaced the importance and rivalry of Take That and East 17 as the two new biggest bands in Britain. However, other boybands found success in the late nineties like Five, Another Level, Point Break and Westlife. In 1995 successful German music manager Frank Farian who had been manager of Boney M and Milli Vanilli put together Latin American band No Mercy who scored a few worldwide hits during the mid nineties.

text: Although being American and the sons of Tito Jackson, a member of The Jackson 5, 3T had several hits singles across Europe in the mid-1990s, despite limited success in the US, and finished the second biggest selling act of 1996 in Europe behind Spice Girls.[7]

text: With the success of North American boybands like New Kids on the Block in East Asia, Japanese entertainment company Johnny & Associates formed SMAP in 1992. The group enjoyed tremendous success, having sold over 35 million records.[8] It paved the way for more Asian boy bands such as Arashi.

text: In the early 1990s in North America, with New Kids on the Block's continued success and Color Me Badd also having success, boy bands became a continued staple of the Billboard charts. Continuing this success in the mid-1990s, most prominent boy bands were African American and had R&B and gospel elements, such as the group All-4-One that formed in 1993 and Boyz II Men that formed in 1988. Boyz II Men are also the most successful boy band act on the U.S. Hot 100 as well as the Australian Singles Chart. Although they had success on the Billboard charts, they weren't marketed towards youth but more towards adults. It was not until 1997 and the change to pop oriented groups like Backstreet Boys, 98 Degrees, NSYNC, The Moffatts, and Hanson that boy bands exploded commercially and dominated the market in the United States. This late nineties era marked the height of boy band popularity in North America which hasn't been seen since.

text: Arguably the most successful boy band manager from the U.S. was Lou Pearlman, who founded commercially successful acts such as the Backstreet Boys in 1993, NSYNC and LFO in 1995, O-Town in 2000, and US5 in 2005. Backstreet Boys and NSYNC became the two biggest boy bands in the late 1990s until the early 2000s, and Backstreet Boys went on to become the best selling boy band in history with over 130 million records sold.[10][11]

text: In the late nineties in the UK, producer Simon Cowell (noted in the U.S. for the American Idol/X Factor franchise) is also known for having managed British boyband Five who were formed in 1997 and Irish boyband Westlife formed in 1998. Westlife was created by Irishman Louis Walsh as a replacement for Boyzone[12] and was initially managed by a former member of the band Ronan Keating. Westlife would eventually overtake Take That in number one's tally in the UK although Take That's overall UK sales are still higher. In 2012, the Official Charts Company revealed the biggest selling singles artists in British music chart history with Take That placed 15th overall and the highest selling boyband act (9.3 million), followed by Boyzone at 29 (7.1 million) and Westlife at 34 (6.8 million).[13][14][15] Even though Cowell is known to have managed several successful boy bands, he is also infamous for passing on signing two of the biggest boybands to emerge from the 1990s and 2000s, Take That and Busted.[16][17]

text: 2000s: Backstreet Boys, NSYNC, Westlife, Jonas Brothers and F4[edit]

text: With the continued success of Backstreet Boys and *NSYNC, American and British groups like 98 Degrees, Westlife, O-Town, A1, Blue, and Busted gained quick popularity both domestically and internationally. International boy bands would also occasionally spring up, such as the Moldovan band O-Zone (better known today as an Internet meme), and Overground. American Christian boy band Plus One also enjoyed brief remarkable success during this time.

text: At the height of boy band popularity in North America, MTV created their own parody boyband, 2gether. Like The Monkees in the 1960s, they were a manufactured act composed of actors. 2gether played off of the idea that every successful boy band must have five distinct personality types: the bad boy, the shy one, the young one, the older brother type, and a heart throb.

text: Since 2001, the dominance of traditional boy bands on pop charts began to fade in the western hemisphere, although Gil Kaufman of MTV has described "new boy bands" that are "more likely to resemble My Chemical Romance, Sum 41, and Simple Plan.[18]

text: In 2001, Taiwanese boy band F4 (called JVKV since 2007)[19] blew up big as a result of the success of their TV drama Meteor Garden. Their popularity spread throughout Asia.[citation needed] With their success, many other Taiwanese boy bands emerged around this time, such as 5566 and Fahrenheit. In South Korea, Shinhwa also spread hallyu wave throughout Asia such as Japan, Thailand, Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong and China. Also in 2001, a new all-male pop band and dance group boyband hailing from Japan called Exile debuted under Avex Group's label Rhythm Zone with 14 members, putting them on par with Super Junior, a South Korean boy band, who had 13 members at its peak.[citation needed]

text: Japanese boy band Arashi has sold over 30 million copies of their records since their first release in 1999.[20] They had the yearly best-selling single in Japan in 2008[21] and 2009.[22] In 2003 SMAP released the single "Sekai ni Hitotsu Dake no Hana" that has become the fourth best-selling single ever in Japan, with over 2.93 million copies sold.[23]

text: In North America, the Jonas Brothers rose to fame from promotion on the Disney Channel in 2008. Other boy bands like JLS and Mindless Behavior also emerged and experienced remarkable success around this time. However, apart from them, boy bands haven't seen the commercial boom experienced in the genre from the mid to late nineties in North America.

text: 2010s: One Direction, rise of K-pop and return of 1990s boy bands[edit]

text: Moving into the 2010s, boy bands are still popular especially in the United Kingdom and the rest of Europe due to the continued commercial presence and longevity of nineties boy bands such as Backstreet Boys and Westlife (before they disbanded in 2012), and the successful comeback of Take That in 2005, Boyzone in 2007, and New Kids on the Block in 2008. Some sections of the press have referred to these acts, particularly those who have reformed after a previous split, such as Take That, Boyzone, and 98 Degrees, as 'man bands'.[24] These older generation boy bands chart alongside the new boy bands.

text: In the early 2010s, there was somewhat of a resurgence of boy band popularity in countries where the trend had not maintained, with the emergence of new boy bands like Big Time Rush, The Wanted, and One Direction and the formation of supergroup NKOTBSB which comprised members of New Kids on the Block and Backstreet Boys.[25] NKOTBSB's success inspired boy bands who were fairly popular during the 1990s and 2000s to make a comeback, such as A1, Blue, 98 Degrees, Five, 911, and O-Town. Like 2gether and The Monkees, Big Time Rush was a manufactured act created for a television show.

text: In Southeast Asia, local boy bands also emerged as a result of the continued success of Korean and Japanese boy bands such as SMAP, Shinhwa, TVXQ!, Arashi, Exile, Super Junior, Big Bang, SHINee, and EXO. One of the boy bands who emerged as a result of Hallyu (Korean wave) is Indonesia's SM*SH who enjoyed prominent success domestically. In the Philippines, a major boy band has been formed by bringing the first reality boy band search of the country called Pinoy Boyband Superstar which held mid 2016, after all the series of auditions, rigorous training and competition, the winners formed as a group called Boyband PH a five-piece Pinoy boy band which managed by Star Magic[26]

text: In South Korea, boy bands have been very successful. On the Gaon Music Chart year-end albums chart of 2016, nine of the top 10 and 17 of the top 20 albums are by boy bands or by subunits/members of boy bands. BIGBANG,EXO had the second and third best-selling albums. Other boy bands with albums in the yearly top 20 of 2016 are BTS, SHINee, GOT7, Seventeen, INFINITE and VIXX.[27]

text: In Japan, Arashi continue to be very successful, being the best-selling music artist in Japan in 2016 by value of sales[28] and also having the yearly best-selling album in the country in 2015[29] and 2016.[30] Other successful Japanese boy bands in this decade include Sandaime J Soul Brothers, the second best-selling music artist of 2016 in the country[28] and Kanjani Eight, the fifth best-selling music artist of that year in Japan.[28]

text: Key factors of the concept[edit]

text: Seen as important to a "boy band" group's commercial success is the group's image, carefully controlled by managing all aspects of the group's attire, promotional materials (which are frequently supplied to teen magazines), and music videos. The key factor of a boy band is being trendy. This means that the band conforms to the most recent fashion and musical trends in the popular music scene. Typically, each member of the group will have some distinguishing feature and be portrayed as having a particular personality stereotype, such as "the baby," "the bad boy," or "the shy one." While managing the portrayal of popular musicians is as old as popular music, the particular pigeonholing of band members is a defining characteristic of boy and girl bands.

text: In most cases, their music is written, arranged and produced by a producer who works with the band at all times and controls the group's sound – if necessary, to the point of hiring session singers to record guide vocals for each member of the group to sing individually if the members cannot harmonize well together. However, for clarity of each voice, recording each voice individually is most commonly the norm with most modern vocal groups. In recent years auto-tune has become a popular tool for boy bands who are unable to sing to a high standard. Some boy bands have come under fire for this issue of using auto-tune. Some have also come under fire for lip syncing in their performances as well, for example New Kids on the Block.[31]

text: A typical boy band performance features elaborately choreographed dancing, with the members taking turns singing and/or rapping. Boy bands generally do not compose or produce their own material, unless the members lobby hard enough for creative control. However, some bands were created around the talent of a songwriter within the group like Gary Barlow of Take That or Tony Mortimer of East 17. It is not uncommon to find extra songs on an album written by one or more of the band members; however, their producers rarely use these as singles.

text: Since the 21st century, however, boy bands have been expected to write or at least contribute in some part lyrically to songs. Apart from the groups mentioned above who all had at least one primary songwriter from their beginning, other groups soon caught up. From the late nineties, members of Backstreet Boys who had previously used writers like Max Martin during their early albums began writing their own songs. Newer groups from late 2000s such as JLS have all made a point from early interviews that they write their own songs and hold their own image as this is an important part of marketing. Some bands like The Wanted have even spent time learning the craft of songwriting.[32]

text: Individuals can also go on to achieve greater success as a solo artist coming out of a boy band having used the groups popularity to build on. Usually this signals the end of the group until potential future reunions. Examples of this include Michael Jackson from The Jackson 5, Donny Osmond from The Osmonds, Ricky Martin from Menudo, Justin Timberlake from *NSYNC, and Ronan Keating from Boyzone. Sometimes the most successful solo star from a band is not the most popular member such as Robbie Williams as opposed to lead singer Gary Barlow from Take That. Some boy band members have gone on to successful careers elsewhere in the media. Michael Dolenz of The Monkees went on to become a successful television producer, working for ITV franchises such as LWT and Television South.

text: Music genres[edit]

text: Although most boy bands consist of R&B or pop influences, other music genres, most notably country music and folk music, are also represented. South 65 and Marshall Dyllon, for example, were both country music boy bands. Il Divo, created by Simon Cowell in 2004, are a vocal group that performs operatic pop in several (mainly Italian) languages. Since then operatic/classical boy bands have become quite popular and common, especially in the UK. Since 2001 there has been some crossover with power pop and pop punk from bands that play live instruments. Just recently some boy bands decided to go back to their original doo-wop roots, most notably, The Overtones.

text: Controversy[edit]

text: Since the 2000s, groups such as Backstreet Boys and LFO have disliked the term "boy band" and have preferred to be known as a "male vocal group".[33][34] Being categorized among boy bands was also the main reason The Moffatts split up.[35] Boy bands have been accused by the music press of emphasizing the appearance and marketing of the group above the quality of music, deliberately trying to appeal to a preteen audience and for conforming to trends instead of being original. Such criticisms can become extremely scathing. Boy bands are often seen as being short lived,[36] although some acts such as The Jackson 5, Backstreet Boys, Hanson, Human Nature, New Edition, SMAP, Shinhwa[37] and Westlife (before they split up in 2012) have sustained lasting careers.

text: Best-selling boy bands[edit]

text: Despite negative critical reception, boy bands continue to be generally successful, with some notable ones managing to sell tens of millions of records, placing them among the world's best selling music artists. The best-selling boy bands based on sales figures are:

text:
Rank
Name
Country
Records sold
Genre
Studio albums
Members
Years active

1
Backstreet Boys
United States
130 million+[10][9]
Pop
9
5 → 4 → 5
1993–present (24 years)

2
The Jackson 5
United States
100 million+[38]
Pop/R&B
18
5 → 6 → 4
1964–1990, 2001, 2012–2013 (29 years)

3
New Kids on the Block
United States
80 million+[39]
Pop
6
5 → 4 → 5
1984–1994, 2008–present (19 years)

4
The Osmonds
United States
77 million[40]
Pop
22
7
1958–1980 (22 years)

5
Bay City Rollers
United Kingdom
70 million+[41][42]
Pop
16
5
1966–1981 (15 years)

6
Menudo
Puerto Rico
60 million+[43]
Latin pop
44
5
1977–1997, 2007-2009 (22 years)

7
Boyz II Men
United States
60 million+[44]
R&B
11
5 → 4 → 3
1988–present (29 years)

8
*NSYNC
United States
55 million+[45]
Pop
4
5
1995–2002 (7 years)

9
Westlife
Ireland
50 million+[46]
Pop
10
5 → 4
1998–2012 (14 years)

10
Take That
United Kingdom
45 million+[47][48]
Pop
8
5 → 4 → 5 → 3
1990-1996 2005-present (18 years)


document_title: Third Punic War

question_text: what happened at the end of the third punic war

text: Third Punic War

text: Background[edit]

text: In the years between the Second and Third Punic War, Rome was engaged in the conquest of the Hellenistic empires to the east (see Macedonian Wars, Illyrian Wars, and the Roman-Syrian War) and ruthlessly suppressing the Hispanian peoples in the west, although they had been essential to the Roman success in the Second Punic War. Carthage, stripped of allies and territory (Sicily, Sardinia, Hispania), was suffering under a huge indemnity of 200 silver talents to be paid every year for 50 years.

text: According to Appian the senator Cato the Elder usually finished his speeches on any subject in the Senate with the phrase ceterum censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, which means "Morover, I am of the opinion that Carthage ought to be destroyed". Cicero put a similar statement in the mouth of Cato in his dialogue De Senectute.[6] He was opposed by the senator Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum, who favoured a different course that would not destroy Carthage, and who usually prevailed in the debates.

text: The peace treaty at the end of the Second Punic War required that all border disputes involving Carthage be arbitrated by the Roman Senate and required Carthage to get explicit Roman approval before going to war. As a result, in the 50 intervening years between the Second and Third Punic War, Carthage had to take all border disputes with Rome's ally Numidia to the Roman Senate, where they were decided almost exclusively in Numidian favour.

text: In 151 BC, the Carthaginian debt to Rome was fully repaid, meaning that, in Punic eyes, the treaty was now expired,[7][8] though not so according to the Romans, who instead viewed the treaty as a permanent declaration of Carthaginian subordination to Rome akin to the Roman treaties with its Italian allies. Moreover, the retirement of the indemnity removed one of the main incentives the Romans had to keep the peace with Carthage – there were no further payments that might be interrupted.

text: The Romans had other reasons to conquer Carthage and her remaining territories.[8][9][10] By the middle of the 2nd century BC, the population of the city of Rome was about 400,000 and rising. Feeding the growing populace was becoming a major challenge. The farmlands surrounding Carthage represented the most productive, most accessible and perhaps the most easily obtainable agricultural lands not yet under Roman control.

text: Course of the war[edit]

text: In 151 BC Numidia launched another border raid on Carthaginian soil, besieging the Punic town of Oroscopa, and Carthage launched a large military expedition (25,000 soldiers) to repel the Numidian invaders. As a result, Carthage suffered a military defeat and was charged with another fifty year debt to Numidia. Immediately thereafter, however, Rome showed displeasure with Carthage’s decision to wage war against its neighbour without Roman consent, and told Carthage that in order to avoid a war it had to “satisfy the Roman People.”

text: In 149 BC, Rome declared war against Carthage. The Carthaginians made a series of attempts to appease Rome, and received a promise that if three hundred children of well-born Carthaginians were sent as hostages to Rome the Carthaginians would keep the rights to their land and self-government. Even after this was done the allied Punic city of Utica defected to Rome, and a Roman army of 80,000 men gathered there.[1] The consuls then demanded that Carthage hand over all weapons and armor. After those had been handed over, Rome additionally demanded that the Carthaginians move at least 16 kilometres inland, while the city was to be burned. When the Carthaginians learned of this, they abandoned negotiations and the city was immediately besieged, beginning the Third Punic War.

text: After the main Roman expedition landed at Utica, consuls Manius Manilius and Lucius Marcius Censorius launched a two-pronged attack on Carthage, but were eventually repulsed by the army of the Carthaginian Generals Hasdrubal the Boeotarch and Himilco Phameas. Censorius lost more than 500 men when they were surprised by the Carthaginian cavalry while collecting timber around the Lake of Tunis.[11] A worse disaster fell upon the Romans when their fleet was set ablaze by fire ships which the Carthaginians released upwind.[12] Manilius was replaced by consul Calpurnius Piso Caesonius in 149 after a severe defeat of the Roman army at Nepheris, a Carthaginian stronghold south of the city. Scipio Aemilianus's intervention saved four cohorts trapped in a ravine.[13] Nepheris eventually fell to Scipio in the winter of 147-146.[14] In the autumn of 148, Piso was beaten back while attempting to storm the city of Aspis, near Cape Bon. Undeterred, he laid siege to the town of Hippagreta in the north, but his army was unable to defeat the Punics there before winter and had to retreat.[15] When news of these setbacks reached Rome, he was replaced as consul by Scipio Aemilianus.[16]

text: The Carthaginians endured the siege, starting 149 BC to the spring of 146 BC, when Scipio Aemilianus successfully assaulted the city. Though the Punic citizens offered a strong resistance, they were gradually pushed back by the overwhelming Roman military force and destroyed.

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: Many Carthaginians died from starvation during the later part of the siege, while many others died in the final six days of fighting. When the war ended, the remaining 50,000 Carthaginians, a small part of the original pre-war population, were sold into slavery by the victors.[4] Carthage was systematically burned for 17 days; the city's walls and buildings were utterly destroyed. The remaining Carthaginian territories were annexed by Rome and reconstituted to become the Roman province of Africa.

text: The notion that Roman forces then sowed the city with salt to ensure that nothing would grow there again is almost certainly a 19th-century invention.[17] Contemporary accounts show that the land surrounding Carthage was declared ager publicus and that it was shared between local farmers, and Roman and Italian ones. North Africa soon became a vital source of grain for the Romans. Roman Carthage was the main hub transporting these supplies to the capital.

text: Numerous significant Punic cities, such as those in Mauretania, were taken over and rebuilt by the Romans. Examples of these rebuilt cities are Volubilis, Chellah and Mogador. Volubilis, for example, was an important Roman town situated near the westernmost border of Roman conquests. It was built on the site of the previous Punic settlement, but that settlement overlies an earlier neolithic habitation.[18] Utica, the Punic city which changed loyalties at the beginning of the siege, became the capital of the Roman province of Africa.[1]

text: A century later, the site of Carthage was rebuilt as a Roman city by Julius Caesar, and would later become one of the main cities of Roman Africa by the time of the Empire.

text:
Ruins of Carthage

Ruins of Carthage

Ruins of Carthage


document_title: List of Major League Baseball career strikeout leaders

question_text: who has thrown the most strikeouts in mlb history

text: In baseball, a strikeout occurs when the batter receives three strikes during his time at bat. Strikeouts are associated with dominance on the part of the pitcher and failure on the part of the batter.

text: Nolan Ryan has the most career strikeouts in Major League Baseball. During a record 27-year career, he struck out 5,714 batters.

text: The parentheses adjacent to an active player denote the number of strikeouts in the current season.

text: The List[edit]

text:
†

Denotes elected to National Baseball Hall of Fame.

Bold

Denotes active player.

text:
A player is considered "inactive" if he has not played baseball for one year or has announced his retirement.
Stats updated through August 12, 2018.

text:
Rank

Player

K

1

Nolan Ryan †

5,714

2

Randy Johnson †

4,875

3

Roger Clemens

4,672

4

Steve Carlton †

4,136

5

Bert Blyleven †

3,701

6

Tom Seaver †

3,640

7

Don Sutton †

3,574

8

Gaylord Perry †

3,534

9

Walter Johnson †

3,508

10

Greg Maddux †

3,371

11

Phil Niekro †

3,342

12

Ferguson Jenkins †

3,192

13

Pedro Martínez †

3,154

14

Bob Gibson †

3,117

15

Curt Schilling

3,116

16

John Smoltz †

3,084

17

CC Sabathia (106)

2,952

18

Jim Bunning †

2,855

19

Mickey Lolich

2,832

20

Mike Mussina

2,813

21

Cy Young †

2,803

22

Frank Tanana

2,773

23

David Cone

2,668

24

Justin Verlander (206)

2,622

25

Chuck Finley

2,610

26

Tom Glavine  †

2,607

27

Warren Spahn †

2,583

28

Bob Feller †

2,581

29

Tim Keefe †

2,564

30

Jerry Koosman

2,556

31

Javier Vázquez

2,536

32

Bartolo Colón (72)

2,526

33

A. J. Burnett

2,513

34

Christy Mathewson †

2,507

text:
Rank

Player

K

35

Don Drysdale †

2,486

36

Jack Morris †

2,478

37

Mark Langston

2,464

38

Jim Kaat

2,461

39

Sam McDowell

2,453

40

Andy Pettitte

2,448

41

Jamie Moyer

2,441

42

Félix Hernández (99)

2,441

43

Luis Tiant

2,416

44

Dennis Eckersley †

2,401

45

Kevin Brown

2,397

46

Sandy Koufax †

2,396

47

Zack Greinke (152)

2,388

48

Max Scherzer (227)

2,376

49

Charlie Hough

2,362

50

Cole Hamels (134)

2,361

51

Robin Roberts †

2,357

52

Early Wynn †

2,334

53

Rube Waddell †

2,316

54

Juan Marichal †

2,303

55

John Lackey

2,294

56

Dwight Gooden

2,293

57

Lefty Grove †

2,266

58

Eddie Plank †

2,246

59

Tommy John

2,245

60

Clayton Kershaw (99)

2,219

61

Jim Palmer †

2,212

62

Jake Peavy

2,207

63

James Shields (122)

2,202

64

David Wells

2,201

65

Grover Cleveland Alexander †

2,198

66

Vida Blue

2,175

67

Camilo Pascual

2,168

68

Tim Wakefield

2,156

text:
Rank

Player

K

69

Dennis Martínez

2,149

70

Jon Lester (105)

2,146

71

Roy Halladay

2,117

72

Kevin Millwood

2,083

73

Bobo Newsom

2,082

74

Tim Hudson

2,080

75

Ryan Dempster

2,075

76

Fernando Valenzuela

2,074

77

Dazzy Vance †

2,045

78

Rick Reuschel

2,015

79

Orel Hershiser

2,014

80

Dan Haren

2,013

81

Catfish Hunter †

2,012

82

Andy Benes

2,000

83

Billy Pierce

1,999

84

Kevin Appier

1,994

85

Johan Santana

1,988

86

Red Ruffing †

1,987

87

John Clarkson †

1,978

88

Liván Hernández

1,976

89

Al Leiter

1,974

90

Bob Welch

1,969

91

Kenny Rogers

1,968

92

Whitey Ford †

1,956

93

Bobby Witt

1,955

94

Amos Rusie †

1,950

95

Danny Darwin

1,942

96

Tom Gordon

1,928

97

Ervin Santana (14)

1,919

98

Hideo Nomo

1,918

98

Jerry Reuss

1,907

100

Josh Beckett

1,901


document_title: List of National Football League career interceptions leaders

question_text: who has the most interceptions of all time

text: This is the list of National Football League (NFL) players, who have reached at least 50 defensive interceptions.

text:
Bold denotes an
active player
Elected into the Pro Football Hall of Fame

text:
Rank[1]
Pos.
Player
Seasons by team
Total interceptions[2]
Year of induction into
Pro Football Hall of Fame
Ref.

1
DB
Paul Krause
Washington Redskins (1964–1967)
Minnesota Vikings (1968–1979)
81
1998
[3]

2
DB
Emlen Tunnell
New York Giants (1948–1958)
Green Bay Packers (1959–1961)
79
1967
[4]

3
FS
Rod Woodson
Pittsburgh Steelers (1987–1996)
San Francisco 49ers (1997)
Baltimore Ravens (1998–2001)
Oakland Raiders (2002–2003)
71
2009
[5]

4
DB
Dick "Night Train" Lane
Los Angeles Rams (1952–1953)
Chicago Cardinals (1954–1959)
Detroit Lions (1960–1965)
68
1974
[6]

5
DB
Ken Riley
Cincinnati Bengals (1969–1983)
65
Z—
[7]

FS
Charles Woodson
Oakland Raiders (1998–2005, 2013–2015)
Green Bay Packers (2006–2012)
65
Eligible in 2021
[8]

7
FS
Ed Reed
Baltimore Ravens (2002–2012)
Houston Texans (2013)
New York Jets (2013)
64
Eligible in 2019
[9]

8
S
Ronnie Lott
San Francisco 49ers (1981–1990)
Los Angeles Raiders (1991–1992)
New York Jets (1993–1994)
63
2000
[10]

FS
Darren Sharper
Green Bay Packers (1997–2004)
Minnesota Vikings (2005–2008)
New Orleans Saints (2009–2010)
63
Z—
[11]

10
DB
Dick LeBeau
Detroit Lions (1959–1972)
62
2010
[12]

DB
Dave Brown
Pittsburgh Steelers (1975)
Seattle Seahawks (1976–1986)
Green Bay Packers (1987–1989)
62
Z—
[13]

12
DB
Emmitt Thomas
Kansas City Chiefs (1966–1978)
58
2008
[14]

13
DB
Everson Walls
Dallas Cowboys (1981–1989)
New York Giants (1990–1992)
Cleveland Browns (1992–1993)
57
Z—
[15]

DB
Johnny Robinson
Dallas Texans / Kansas City Chiefs (1960–1971)
57
Z—
[16]

FS
Eugene Robinson
Seattle Seahawks (1985–1995)
Green Bay Packers (1996–1997)
Atlanta Falcons (1998)
Carolina Panthers (2000)
57
Z—
[17]

DB
Bobby Boyd
Baltimore Colts (1960–1968)
57
Z—
[18]

DB
Mel Blount
Pittsburgh Steelers (1970–1983)
57
1989
[19]

18
DB
Lem Barney
Detroit Lions (1967–1977)
56
1992
[20]

DB
Pat Fischer
St. Louis Cardinals (1961–1967)
Washington Redskins (1968–1977)
56
Z—
[21]

20
FS
Aeneas Williams
Phoenix / Arizona Cardinals (1991–2000)
St. Louis Rams (2001–2004)
55
2014
[22]

21
DB
Darrell Green
Washington Redskins (1983–2002)
54
2008
[23]

DB
Willie Brown
Denver Broncos (1963–1966)
Oakland Raiders (1967–1978)
54
1984
[24]

CB
Eric Allen
Philadelphia Eagles (1988–1994)
New Orleans Saints (1995–1997)
Oakland Raiders (1998–2001)
54
Z—
[25]

24
CB
Ty Law
New England Patriots (1995–2004)
New York Jets (2005, 2008)
Kansas City Chiefs (2006–2007)
Denver Broncos (2009)
53
Z—
[26]

CB
Deion Sanders
Atlanta Falcons (1989–1993)
San Francisco 49ers (1994)
Dallas Cowboys (1995–1999)
Washington Redskins (2000)
Baltimore Ravens (2004–2005)
53
2011
[27]

26
CB
Champ Bailey
Washington Redskins (1999–2003)
Denver Broncos (2004–2013)
52
Eligible in 2019
[28]

DB
Jack Butler
Pittsburgh Steelers (1951–1959)
52
2012
[29]

DB
Bobby Dillon
Green Bay Packers (1952–1959)
52
Z—
[30]

DB
Jimmy Patton
New York Giants (1955–1966)
52
Z—
[31]

DB
Mel Renfro
Dallas Cowboys (1964–1977)
52
1996
[32]

DB
Larry Wilson
St. Louis Cardinals (1960–1972)
52
1978
[33]

32
DB
Donnie Shell
Pittsburgh Steelers (1974–1987)
51
Finalist Once
[34]

CB
Asante Samuel
New England Patriots (2003–2007)
Philadelphia Eagles (2008–2011)
Atlanta Falcons (2012–2013)
51
Eligible in 2019
[35]

DB
Bobby Bryant
Minnesota Vikings (1968–1980)
51
Z—
[36]

35
DB
Terrell Buckley
Green Bay Packers (1992–1994)
Miami Dolphins (1995–1999, 2003)
Denver Broncos (2000)
New England Patriots (2001–2002)
New York Jets (2004)
New York Giants (2005)
50
Z—
[37]

DB
Don Burroughs
Los Angeles Rams (1955–1959)
Philadelphia Eagles (1960–1964)
50
Z—
[38]

FS
Deron Cherry
Kansas City Chiefs (1981–1991)
50
Z—
[39]

DB
John Harris
Seattle Seahawks (1978–1985)
Minnesota Vikings (1986–1988)
50
Z—
[40]

DB
Yale Lary
Detroit Lions (1952–1964)
50
1979
[41]

text: Active players with 40-49 interceptions[edit]

text: Through Week 3 of 2017 season in progress. All numbers in INTs.

text:
DeAngelo Hall, 43.
Terence Newman, 41.