document_title: The Sons of Katie Elder

question_text: who played curly in the sons of katie elder

text: The Sons of Katie Elder

text: Plot[edit]

text: The four adult sons of Katie Elder – John (John Wayne), who is a famous (or infamous) professional gunman; Tom (Dean Martin), a professional gambler; Bud (Michael Anderson, Jr.), the youngest brother, still in school; and Matt (Earl Holliman), an unsuccessful hardware dealer – reunite in their hometown of Clearwater, Texas (approximately 2 hours east of Dallas, Texas), in 1898 for their mother's funeral, sharing regret that none of them has lived up to her high expectations of them.

text: The townspeople are unfriendly, to John and Tom in particular. Katie Elder was extremely well liked by everyone in the community, who were all aware of her honesty, her poverty and her undying love for the sons who neglected her. The brothers want to do something for Katie's sake, and their plan is to send youngest son Bud to college, raising money through a sale of another man's herd of horses, even though Bud wants to emulate his eldest brother.

text: Morgan Hastings (James Gregory), a gunsmith and rising entrepreneur, claims ownership of the Elders' ranch, saying he won it from their father in a game of cards; Bass Elder afterwards was shot in the back, and the killer is still unknown. Hastings hides a hostile attitude towards the brothers and brings in a hired gun, Curley (George Kennedy). Noting Hasting's attitude, the Elders begin to suspect foul play. Hastings claims Bass lost the ranch in a game of Blackjack, so John, in a ruse, states their father wouldn't have been caught dead playing Blackjack.

text: When Hastings learns about the brothers' investigations, he kills the sheriff (Paul Fix) and frames the Elder brothers for the murder. Then, not content with seeing them go to prison, Hastings arranges an ambush in which Matt is killed and Bud seriously injured. Deputy Ben Latta (Jeremy Slate) is not part of the conspiracy, but is shot and killed by Hastings when he decides to aid the Elders. The surviving Elders escape, and going back to town to get medical help for Bud, John and Tom barricade themselves in the smithy. Tom manages to kidnap Hasting's weak-willed son Dave (Dennis Hopper), although he is seriously injured in the process. Hastings shoots his own boy in an attempt to prevent him from testifying. In the presence of John Elder and the local judge, a wounded Dave manages to relate the tale of his father's crimes before he dies. John takes up arms and kills Hastings by shooting up a cask of gunpowder inside his own gun store.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
John Wayne as John Elder
Dean Martin as Tom Elder
Martha Hyer as Mary Gordon
Michael Anderson Jr. as Bud Elder
Earl Holliman as Matt Elder
Jeremy Slate as Ben Latta
James Gregory as Morgan Hastings
Paul Fix as Sheriff Billy Wilson
George Kennedy as Curley
Dennis Hopper as Dave Hastings
Sheldon Allman as Harry Evers
John Litel as Minister
John Doucette as Hyselman
James Westerfield as Mr. Vennar
Rhys Williams as Charlie Striker
John Qualen as Charlie Biller
Rodolfo Acosta as Bondie Adams
Strother Martin as Jeb Ross
Percy Helton as Mr. Peevey
Karl Swenson as Doc Isdell

text: Screenplay[edit]

text: William H. Wright picked up a copy of Life of the Marlows in a Los Angeles, California, bookstore in around 1953. Thinking that it would make the basis of a good Western, he paid members of the Marlow family $1,000 (about $9146.77 when adjusted for inflation) each for the rights to make it into a screenplay. But when the movie was made 12 years later, the film's plot had been drastically changed.[3]

text: Talbot Jennings was credited for the script.[4][5]

text: Development[edit]

text: Paramount purchased the story by William Wright and Talbot Jennings in 1955. The story concerned five brothers and centered around a cattle drive from Texas to Colorado. Sam Briskin was assigned as producer.[6] Frank Burt was to write the script, John Sturges was going to direct and Alan Ladd was to star, making a return to Paramount after several years' absence - he still owed Paramount one film left.[7][8]

text: Noel Langley signed to write a version of the script, and filming was to start in April 1956.[9] However, in July 1956 it was announced that Ladd had bought himself out of his Paramount commitment by paying $135,000, and he would no longer make the film.[10] (Henry Hathaway put this figure at $250,000.)[11]

text: Film rights were picked up by Hal Wallis, who had a deal with Paramount. In 1959 it was announced that Dean Martin would star.[12] John Sturges was still attached as director.[13] Eventually in 1964 John Wayne was signed to star, with Henry Hathaway to direct.[14]

text: Shooting[edit]

text: Filming was due to begin in September 1964, but had to be delayed until January 1965, after Wayne was diagnosed with lung cancer.[15] Following Wayne's surgery to remove a cancerous lung and two ribs, the star insisted on doing his own stunts, and nearly contracted pneumonia after being dragged into a river.

text: Outdoor locations were filmed in Durango, Mexico, and on the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad, Colorado, United States.

text: Tommy Kirk was signed for the film, presumably in the role of Bud Elder, but his arrest for being at a party where marijuana was used led to his being fired from the production.[16]

text: The name "Kate Elder" was one of several names used by Mary Katherine Horony Cummings, better known as "Big Nose Kate," a western icon and sometime companion of Doc Holliday.

text: John Wayne and Dean Martin had also starred in Howard Hawks's Rio Bravo six years earlier, one of Martin's earliest dramatic roles after splitting with his partner Jerry Lewis.

text: Four years later, Henry Hathaway also directed John Wayne in his Academy Award-winning role of Rooster Cogburn in the original screen version of True Grit. In addition to Wayne, actors Strother Martin, Dennis Hopper, and Jeremy Slate were in that film as well.

text: Song[edit]

text: Johnny Cash sang a song in 1965 also called "The Sons of Katie Elder", written by Elmer Bernstein and Ernie Sheldon. The film's background music was also composed by Elmer Bernstein.

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The 2005 film Four Brothers was loosely based on The Sons of Katie Elder.

text: The Malayalam film Big B (2007) is a remake of Four Brothers.

text: Historical basis[edit]

text: The film was roughly based on the 1888 true story of the five Marlow Brothers (George H., Boone, Alfred, Lewellyn, and Charles) of Graham, Texas, in Young County, and Marlow, Oklahoma.

text: The city of Marlow, Oklahoma, is named after the Marlow family, including their parents, Dr. Wilburn Williamson Marlow, Sr., and Martha Jane (née Keaton) Marlow. Dr. Marlow was the town's first physician and a prominent citizen. Marlow had previously been a Chisholm Trail rest spot near Wild Horse Creek.[17][18][19] There the Marlows built a dugout home called "Marlow Camp" in 1880. Ten years later, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad came through and built a station on the location, naming it Marlow.[20]

text: Dr. Wilburn and Martha Marlow had four children in addition to the five brothers: Wilburn Williamson "Willie" Marlow, Jr. (died in Leadville, Colorado, in 1879, where he had been taken to convalesce after contracting malaria in Mexico[21]), Charlotte Murphy, Elizabeth "Eliza" Gilmore, and Nancy Jane "Nannie" Murphy.[22] Dr. Marlow died April 12, 1885.[23][24]

text: Three of the brothers (Boone, Alfred, and Lewellyn) ended up being killed, although in the film, the brother that had done the real killings (basis for the Dean Martin role) was not with the other four when they were first arrested.[17][18][19]

text: Boone had earlier killed James Holstein (or Holdson or Holston) in 1882, a man allegedly hired to "intimidate settlers," after an inebriated Holdson began shooting at him on the Gilmore farm near Vernon, Texas, just across the Red River from Indian territory (his sister Elizabeth had married into the Gilmore family and the couple had set up a place there).[25][26] This killing seemed to be justified in self-defense, but would be brought up later by John and William Murphy, deputy marshal Edward W. "Ed" Johnson, and Sam Criswell, who were having a personal feud with Boone, and would be witnesses against the brothers.[27]

text: Boone, Alfred (aka Alf), Lewellyn (aka Epp, Ep, Ellie), and Charles were arrested near the Anadarko Agency headquarters (what became Anadarko, Oklahoma), for stealing 19 horses in the area around Fort Sill. George went to the homestead in Marlow and took the women by wagon to Graham where he was then also arrested. Martha Jane bailed them out and they went to their place in Young County,[17][18][19] a log and clapboard building on the farm of O. G. Denson, fifteen miles southeast of Graham.[28]

text: Popular sheriff Marion DeKalb Wallace[29] and his deputy Thomas B. "Tom" Collier went out to the Denson farm, December 17, 1888. Before they left Graham they had been drinking and were intoxicated.[30] The Marlows (Charles and his wife, Alfred's wife, Martha, Lewellyn, and Boone Marlow) were sitting down to noon dinner.[31] Boone saw Collier through the window and invited him in for dinner, to which Collier replied, "I'm not hungry." An altercation broke out between Collier and Boone, and without showing their warrant, Collier fired at Boone. As Wallace heard the commotion he came around from the other side of the house and came up behind Collier. Boone, aiming at Collier, shot sheriff Wallace by mistake.[30][32] As Collier and Charles attended to Wallace, Boone left the area. The other four brothers went into town and turned themselves in.

text: A mob then tried to avenge the sheriff and attacked the jail, January 17, 1889, but the brothers were able to fight off the mob.[17][18][19]

text: On January 19, 1889 (after dark),[33] the deputy then decided to move the four brothers to Weatherford, Texas, chained together along with two other prisoners (William D. Burkhart and Louis Clift). But the two wagons and one buggy were ambushed along the way at Dry Creek (about two miles from Graham).[19][34] The deputies guarding the brothers ran away, in league with the ambush party.[33][35]

text: The brothers managed to get some weapons, get to cover, and hold off the attack, but Alfred and Lewellyn were killed. Also killed were three of the mob that attacked the Marlows: Frank Harmison, Sam Criswell, and Bruce Wheeler.[36] George and Charles were both wounded (Charles severely so) but escaped, using Burkhart as a hostage and being aided by Clift, and went to their mother's house on the Denson farm. (About halfway there, they stopped in Finis at a farm house and asked to stay the night, but were refused. George spotted an ax and borrowed it to separate the men from their shackles. As soon Burkhart was free, he ran off).[37] Also wounded were Johnson, Logan, and Clinton "Clint" Rutherford.[36] The Marlows stayed at their mother's home until lawmen came from outside Young County, and then gave themselves up.[19] Deputy U.S. Marshal W. F. Morton of Dallas finally arrived, took them into custody, and transported them, first toward Weatherford and then, fearing another ambush, to Dallas.[35][38]

text: Boone had gone to stay with his girlfriend and her family, the Harbolts, in the vicinity of Marlow, but the girlfriend's brother, William "G.E." Harbolt, put some poison in the food that his sister took to Boone. William Harbolt had obtained the poison from a Dr. Carter. Harbolt, along with bounty hunters Jim "Martin" Beavers and John E. Derrickson (aka Direkson), shot his dead body for the $1,700 reward offered for his capture ($200 by the State of Texas and $1,500 by Young County), dead or alive.[19][40] An autopsy by Doctor R. N. Price determined that he was already dead when he had been shot, and that he had died of arsenic poisoning.[41] The three men were arrested but released on bail. Harbolt was later shot in the Chickasaw Nation and Beavers and Derrickson each received 15-year sentences.[41]

text: The five Marlow brothers had been falsely accused of stealing horses, and after the shootout that left three dead, George and Charles were finally acquitted in a Dallas trial.[18][19] The two brothers then moved to Colorado and became deputies.

text: As deputy marshal Ed Johnson was lying wounded at his home, he gave a newspaper interview to the Graham Leader. In the interview, he said that deputy sheriff Eugene Logan had been one of the guards taking the prisoners to Weatherford, and had been wounded in doing so. In fact, Logan had not been one of the guards but one of the men in the ambush party. The insistence that something be done in the edition of January 24 of the Graham Leader, and this slip up by Johnson, started an investigation into the affair by the U.S. marshal for the Northern District of Texas in Dallas, William Lewis Cabell. In addition, the U.S. attorney sent an investigator to Young County.[35][42]

text: Collier, deputy Johnson, David "Dink" Allen, attorney Robert "Bob" Holman, Jack Wilkins, W. R. Benedict, county attorney Phlete A. Martin, deputy tax collector John Levell, constable Marion A. Wallace (the dead sheriff's nephew), Wil Hollis, William Bee Williams, Richard "Dick" Cook, deputy sheriff Eugene Logan, constable Sam Waggoner, Clint Rutherford, and Verna Wilkerson were all charged with conspiring to falsify a case against the Marlow brothers, conspiring to kill the Marlow brothers in an ambush, and murdering Alfred and Lewellyn Marlow while they were in the protective custody of a United States Marshal.[35][43] However, only Cook, Hollis, Levell, Logan, Rutherford, Waggoner, Wallace, Wilkerson, and Williams, went to trial.[44]

text: John William "Bee" Williams and Thomas B. Collier (typhoid fever) died while in jail in mid-January 1891.[45]

text: George and Charles were summoned to testify and asked for and received protective custody from U.S. Marshal George A. Knight of Dallas. Additionally, Knight made George a "Special Deputy", while Charles was made an "attached witness".[46] Phlete A. Martin and John Frank Spears (Spears was in jail with the Marlows at the time of the mob attack) both turned state's evidence and testified against the conspirators.[35]

text: Clinton Rutherford was found not guilty on November 22, 1890, and the court removed Rutherford from the indictment, but bound over Eugene Logan and Verna Wilkerson. Logan, Waggoner, and Wallace were found guilty of conspiracy and not guilty of murder on April 17, 1891, and each sentenced to a $5,000 fine and ten years imprisonment. The other defendants (Cook, Levell, Hollis, and Wilkerson) were found not guilty.[4][35]

text: The case involving Eugene Logan, William Williams, Verna Wilkerson, and Clinton Rutherford (United States v. Eugene Logan et al.) was separated from the other defendants, and went all the way to the United States Supreme Court. (See Logan v. United States, 144 U.S. 263 (1892), filed March 16, 1891.)

text: The city of Graham had wanted to keep a federal court in their town, but after this incident the federal government denied that request.[47]


document_title: List of national anthem performers at the Super Bowl

question_text: who sang the national anthem super bowl last year

root

text: Performances[edit]

text:
No.
Year
Venue
Performer(s)[1]

I
1967
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, California
The Pride of Arizona, Michigan Marching Band, and UCLA choir

II
1968
Orange Bowl, Miami
GSU Tiger Marching Band

III
1969
Lloyd Geisler of the Washington National Symphony Orchestra[2]
An NFL.com reference ([1]) states that Anita Bryant performed the anthem, but NBC's broadcast of game, available from the Paley Center for Media's collection, shows that Geisler performed it.

IV
1970
Tulane Stadium, New Orleans
Al Hirt

V
1971
Orange Bowl, Miami
Tommy Loy (trumpet)

VI
1972
Tulane Stadium, New Orleans
U.S. Air Force Academy Chorale

VII
1973
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Little Angels (children's choir) of Chicago's Holy Angels Church

VIII
1974
Rice Stadium, Houston, Texas
Charley Pride

IX
1975
Tulane Stadium, New Orleans
GSU Tiger Marching Band (2)

X
1976
Orange Bowl, Miami
Tom Sullivan

XI
1977
Rose Bowl, Pasadena, California
None (Vikki Carr sang "America the Beautiful")

XII
1978
Louisiana Superdome, New Orleans
Phyllis Kelly of Northeast Louisiana University

XIII
1979
Orange Bowl, Miami
The Colgate Thirteen

XIV
1980
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Cheryl Ladd

XV
1981
Superdome, New Orleans
Helen O'Connell

XVI
1982
Pontiac Silverdome, Pontiac, Michigan
Diana Ross

XVII
1983
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Leslie Easterbrook

XVIII
1984
Tampa Stadium, Tampa, Florida
Barry Manilow

XIX
1985
Stanford Stadium, Stanford, California
San Francisco Boys Chorus, San Francisco Girls Chorus, Piedmont Children's Chorus, and San Francisco Children's Chorus

XX
1986
Superdome, New Orleans
Wynton Marsalis (trumpet)

XXI
1987
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Neil Diamond

XXII
1988
Jack Murphy Stadium, San Diego
Herb Alpert (trumpet)

XXIII
1989
Joe Robbie Stadium, Miami
Billy Joel

XXIV
1990
Superdome, New Orleans
Aaron Neville

XXV
1991
Tampa Stadium, Tampa
Whitney Houston with The Florida Orchestra directed by Jahja Ling

XXVI
1992
Metrodome, Minneapolis
Harry Connick, Jr.
ASL (American Sign Language): Lori Hilary

XXVII
1993
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Garth Brooks
ASL: Marlee Matlin

XXVIII
1994
Georgia Dome, Atlanta
Natalie Cole
ASL: Courtney Keel Foley

XXIX
1995
Joe Robbie Stadium, Miami
Kathie Lee Gifford
ASL: Heather Whitestone

XXX
1996
Sun Devil Stadium, Tempe, Arizona
Vanessa L. Williams
ASL: Mary Kim Titla

XXXI
1997
Superdome, New Orleans
Luther Vandross
ASL: Erika Rachael Schwarz

XXXII
1998
Qualcomm Stadium, San Diego
Jewel
ASL: Phyllis Frelich

XXXIII
1999
Pro Player Stadium, Miami
Cher
ASL: Speaking Hands

XXXIV
2000
Georgia Dome, Atlanta
Faith Hill
ASL: Briarlake Elementary School Signing Choir

XXXV
2001
Raymond James Stadium, Tampa
Backstreet Boys
AASL: Tom Cooney

XXXVI
2002
Superdome, New Orleans
Mariah Carey
ASL: Joe Narcisse

XXXVII
2003
Qualcomm Stadium, San Diego
Dixie Chicks
ASL: Janet Maxwell

XXXVIII
2004
Reliant Stadium, Houston
Beyoncé
ASL: Suzanna Christy

XXXIX
2005
Alltel Stadium, Jacksonville, Florida
Combined choirs of the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy, the U.S. Air Force Academy (2), and the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, and the U.S. Army Herald Trumpets
ASL: Wesley Tallent

XL
2006
Ford Field, Detroit
Aaron Neville (2) and Aretha Franklin,
Dr. John (piano accompaniment)
ASL: Angela LaGuardia

XLI
2007
Dolphin Stadium, Miami Gardens, Florida
Billy Joel (2)
ASL: Marlee Matlin (2)

XLII
2008
University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, Arizona
Jordin Sparks
ASL: A Dreamer[3]

XLIII
2009
Raymond James Stadium, Tampa, Florida
Jennifer Hudson
ASL: Kristen Santos

XLIV
2010
Sun Life Stadium, Miami Gardens
Carrie Underwood
ASL: Kinesha Battles

XLV
2011
Cowboys Stadium, Arlington, Texas
Christina Aguilera
ASL: Candice Villesca[4]

XLVI
2012
Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis
Kelly Clarkson
ASL: Rachel Mazique[5]

XLVII
2013
Mercedes-Benz Superdome, New Orleans
Alicia Keys[6]
ASL: John Maucere[7]

XLVIII
2014
MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, New Jersey
Renée Fleming
ASL: Amber Zion

XLIX
2015
University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, Arizona[8]
Idina Menzel
ASL: Treshelle Edmond[9]

50
2016
Levi's Stadium, Santa Clara, California
Lady Gaga
ASL: Marlee Matlin (3)[10]

LI
2017
NRG Stadium, Houston, Texas
Luke Bryan
ASL: Kriston Lee Pumphery[11].

LII
2018
U.S. Bank Stadium, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Pink
ASL: Alexandria Wailes[12].

tag: table

text: Multiple and hometown performances[edit]

text: Acts that have performed three times:

tag: p

text: Marlee Matlin (ASL), (XXVII, XLI, and 50)

tag: ul

text: Acts that have performed two times:

text:
GSU Tiger Marching Band (II and IX)
Billy Joel (XXIII and XLI)
Aaron Neville (XXIV and XL)
U.S. Air Force Academy Chorale[13] (VI and XXXIX)

text: Singers that performed in or near their hometown metropolitan area:

text:
Beyoncé (XXXVIII, Houston)
Aretha Franklin (XL, Detroit)
Al Hirt (IV, New Orleans)
Aaron Neville (XXIV & XL, New Orleans)
Diana Ross (XVI, Detroit)
Jordin Sparks (XLII, Phoenix)

text: Notable performances[edit]

text: The performance by Whitney Houston at Super Bowl XXV in 1991, during the Gulf War, had been for many years regarded as one of the best renditions ever.[14][15][16][17][18][19] It was released as a single a few weeks later, appeared on the album Whitney: The Greatest Hits, and was re-released as a single in 2001 shortly after the September 11 attacks.

text: The 1992 performance marked the first time American Sign Language was used alongside the lead singer.

text: Faith Hill performed the anthem at Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000.[20] It became popular in country radio. Following the September 11 attacks, her version entered the country singles chart at number 35, despite not being released as an official single, and reentered the same chart at number 49 in July 2002.[citation needed]

text: At Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014, in an emotional and groundbreaking performance, soprano Renée Fleming became the first opera singer to perform the national anthem,[21] scoring the highest ratings for a Fox Network program in its history, and the second-highest ratings for any television program in history.

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Just days after Super Bowl XXV, a report surfaced that Whitney Houston lip synced her performance. It was confirmed that she was actually singing into a dead microphone, but the performance heard in the stadium and on television was prerecorded.[22][14][15]

text: Since 1993, the NFL has required performers to supply a backup track.[14] This came after Garth Brooks walked out of the stadium prior to his XXVII performance. Only 45 minutes before kickoff, he refused to take the stage, due to a dispute with NBC. Brooks requested that the network premiere his new music video "We Shall Be Free" during the pregame. The network chose not to air the video, due to content some felt was disturbing imagery. Brooks had also refused to pre-record the anthem, which meant the league had nothing to play if he left. Television producers spotted Jon Bon Jovi in the grandstands, and were prepared to use him as a replacement. After last-minute negotiations, NBC agreed to air a clip of the video during the broadcast of the game,[23] and Brooks was coaxed back into the stadium and sang.[19]

text: Following the "wardrobe malfunction" controversy during Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004, all scheduled performers for Super Bowl XXXIX were chosen under heavy scrutiny.[24] Game organizers decided not to use a popular music vocalist.[25] The combined choirs of the U.S. Military Academy, the Naval Academy, Air Force Academy, Coast Guard Academy, and the U.S. Army Herald Trumpets were invited to perform. This was the first time since the second inauguration of President Richard Nixon in 1973 that all four service academies sang together.[13][26]

text: Two days after Super Bowl XLIII, it was revealed that Jennifer Hudson also had lip synced.[14]

text: At the beginning of Super Bowl XLV, Christina Aguilera sang the lyrics incorrectly. Instead of singing "O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming", the pop star sang "What so proudly we watched at the twilight's last gleaming".[27][28] According to the New York Times, she also changed "gleaming" to "reaming".[29]

text: Other patriotic performances[edit]

text: The following Super Bowls featured other patriotic performances besides the national anthem. Since 2009, "America the Beautiful" is sung before the national anthem.[30]

text:
1969: Apollo 8 crew
1970: Apollo astronauts
1973: Apollo 17 crew

text:
1977: Vikki Carr (in place of the national anthem)
2001: Ray Charles
2002: Mary J. Blige, Marc Anthony and the Boston Pops Orchestra
2005: Alicia Keys and a tribute video to the recently deceased Ray Charles
2009: Faith Hill
2010: Queen Latifah
2011: Lea Michele
2012: Blake Shelton and Miranda Lambert
2013: Jennifer Hudson with the Sandy Hook Elementary School Chorus[31][32]
2014: Queen Latifah with the New Jersey Youth Chorus
2015: John Legend [9]
2016: U.S. Armed Forces Chorus [33]
2017: Phillipa Soo, Renee Elise Goldsberry and Jasmine Cephas Jones.[34]
2018: Leslie Odom Jr..[35].

text: 2003: Céline Dion


document_title: The Lion Guard

question_text: who does the voices for the lion guard

question_tokens: who does the voices for the lion guard

text: The Lion Guard

text: Plot[edit]

text: Kion is the son of King Simba and Queen Nala, the younger brother of Kiara and the prince of the Pride Lands. As the second-born of the Lion King, he becomes the leader of the Lion Guard, a team of animals who protect the Pride Lands and defend the Circle of Life. Kion, along with his friends Bunga the honey badger, Beshte the hippopotamus, Fuli the cheetah and Ono the egret, sets out to keep the Pride Lands safe and protected from animals who do not respect the Circle of Life.

text: Characters[edit]

text: The Lion Guard[edit]

text:
Kion (voiced by Max Charles[1]) – A lion cub who is Simba and Nala's son, Mufasa's grandson, Kiara's younger brother, the Prince of the Pride Lands, and the leader of the Lion Guard as well as its fiercest member. He serves as the main protagonist of the series. His battlecry for the Lion Guard is "Till the Pride Lands end, Lion Guard defend!"
Bunga (voiced by Joshua Rush[1]) – A honey badger who is the bravest member of the Lion Guard. He is Timon and Pumbaa's adoptive nephew and Kion's best friend.[8] He is shown to have an immunity to venom. His battlecry is "Zuka Zama!"
Fuli (voiced by Diamond White[1]) – A cheetah who is the fastest member of the Lion Guard, the only female member and Kion's friend; The Rise of Scar reveals that she is also the first female animal to ever serve in the Guard. Her battlecry is "Huwezi!"
Ono (voiced by Atticus Shaffer[1]) – A cattle egret who is the keenest of sight of the Lion Guard and Kion's friend.
Beshte (voiced by Dusan Brown[1]) – A hippopotamus who is the strongest member of the Lion Guard and Kion's friend. His battlecry is "Twende Kiboko!"

text: The Lion King alumni[edit]

text: The following characters from The Lion King movies appear in this series:

text:
Simba (voiced by Rob Lowe[1]) – A lion who is Mufasa's son, Nala's mate, Scar's nephew, and Kion and Kiara's father. He is the King of the Pride Lands.[9] Simba and Bunga share a history of having lived with Timon and Pumbaa.
Nala (voiced by Gabrielle Union[1]) – A lioness who is Simba's mate, and Kion and Kiara's mother. She is the Queen of the Pride Lands.[9]
Kiara (voiced by Eden Riegel[1]) – A lion cub who is Simba and Nala's daughter, Mufasa's granddaughter, Kion's older sister, the Princess of the Pride Lands and its future queen.
Timon (voiced by Kevin Schon[1]) – Simba and Pumbaa's wisecracking meerkat friend.[8] Timon is Bunga's adoptive uncle. Schon previously voiced Timon in Timon & Pumbaa.[9]
Pumbaa (voiced by Ernie Sabella[1]) - Simba and Timon's warm-hearted common warthog friend.[8] Pumbaa is Bunga's adoptive uncle. Sabella reprises his role from The Lion King and its spin-offs.
Rafiki (voiced by Khary Payton[10]) – A wise old mandrill who serves as a Royal Mjuzi (a Pride Lands term for someone who is a knowledge keeper and an advisor) for the Royal Family of Pride Rock.[9] In The Rise of Scar, Rafiki takes on an apprentice named Makini.
Zazu (voiced by Jeff Bennett[1]) – A red-billed hornbill and Simba's majordomo who supplies news via the morning report of the Pride Lands.
Mufasa (voiced by James Earl Jones in Return of the Roar, reprising his role from The Lion King,[1] Gary Anthony Williams in later episodes) – Simba's father, and Kion and Kiara's paternal grandfather who was killed in the original film by a wildebeest stampede orchestrated by his younger brother Scar. Since his death, he lives on as a spirit that gives Kion advice on how to get through any tough plight.
Scar (voiced by David Oyelowo[11]) – A black-maned lion who is Simba's deceased uncle, Kion and Kiara's great-uncle, and Mufasa's younger brother. He is the main antagonist of the second season. Scar was once the leader of the Lion Guard before Kion and also had the Roar of the Elders, but the power went to his head and he began to believe that he should be king instead of Mufasa. He lost the Roar after he used it to destroy his fellow Lion Guard members when they refused to help him overthrow Mufasa. Later in life, he orchestrated his brother's death with the help of his hyena henchmen Shenzi, Banzai and Ed. After being defeated by Simba in a vicious fight, he was eaten alive by Shenzi, Banzai, Ed, and their fellow hyenas when he tried to pin the blame of Mufasa's death on them. By the end of The Rise of Scar, Kion unknowingly makes Scar come back as a fiery spirit after he uses the Roar in anger. Scar then enlists the help of Janja's clan and Ushari to get revenge on Simba.
The Outsiders – A group of lions that were loyal to Scar. After a failed takeover following Scar's death, Simba banished them to the Outlands where they tried to invade the territory that Jasiri's clan lives in. Kion defeated them with the Roar of the Elders which sent them flying to the Outlands' termite mound area.

Zira (voiced by Nika Futterman) – A lioness who is the mother of Kovu, Nuka and Vitani and the leader of the Outsiders. She was a loyal follower and close ally of Scar. After a failed takeover following Scar's death, Zira and those involved were banished to the Outlands with her family by Simba.
Kovu (voiced by Jason Marsden) – A lion cub who is the chosen successor of Scar, Zira's youngest son and the younger brother of Nuka and Vitani. Prior to the series, he briefly befriended Kiara. Marsden previously voiced adolescent Kovu in The Lion King II: Simba's Pride.
Nuka (voiced by Andy Dick) – An adolescent lion who is the oldest son of Zira, the older brother of Kovu and Vitani, and a member of the Outsiders. Dick reprises his role from Simba's Pride.
Vitani (voiced by Lacey Chabert) – A lion cub who is Zira's daughter and the sister of Nuka and Kovu. Chabert reprises her role from Simba's Pride.

text: Supporting characters[edit]

text:
Tiifu (voiced by Sarah Hyland[10]) – A lioness friend of Kiara's who is somewhat more sensible than her constant companion Zuri.
Zuri (voiced by Madison Pettis[10]) – Another lioness friend of Kiara's who is somewhat vain and hates getting dirty.
Jasiri's Clan – A clan of spotted hyenas who live in the Outlands and respect the Circle of Life. Unlike Janja's clan, Jasiri and her hyena clan respect the Circle of Life and mostly scavenge for food.

Jasiri (voiced by Maia Mitchell[5]) – A friendly female spotted hyena living in the Outlands who allies with Kion.
Madoa (voiced by Maisie Klompus) – A spotted hyena who is Jasiri's sister and is part of her clan.
Tunu (voiced by Crimson Hart) – A spotted hyena cub and brother of Wema who is part of Jasiri's clan.
Wema (voiced by Fiona Hart) – A spotted hyena cub and sister of Tunu who is part of Jasiri's clan.

Makuu (voiced by Blair Underwood) – An arrogant and hot-headed Nile crocodile who is the leader of his float after he defeated Pua in a "mashindano." In the first season, Makuu and his float antagonized the Lion Guard and caused trouble. In season 2, Makuu has reformed from his trouble-making ways as he works to become a better leader for his float and the Pride Lands.
Makini (voiced by Landry Bender) – A young mandrill who becomes Rafiki's apprentice. She is one of a few characters who knows that Kion speaks to the spirit of Mufasa.
Big Baboon (voiced by Ford Riley in Return of the Roar, Dee Bradley Baker in later appearances) – An olive baboon who is the leader of a baboon troop in Nyani Grove.

Gumba (voiced by Jacquez Swanigan) – A young olive baboon who is a part of Big Baboon's troop.

Basi (voiced by Kevin Michael Richardson) – A hippopotamus who is Beshte's father and leader of a hippopotamus pod.
Pua (voiced by Gerald C. Rivers) – The former leader of the local Nile crocodile float. He was challenged by Makuu to a "mashindano" (a fight for dominance in the crocodile float where the winner becomes the new leader of the crocodile float and the loser has to leave the float). Upon being defeated by Makuu, Pua left the float.
Thurston (voiced by Kevin Schon) – A handsome yet dimwitted plains zebra who is the leader of his herd.

Kwato (voiced by Lyons Luke Mathias) – A young plains zebra foal who is part of Thurston's herd.

Mbeya (voiced by Howy Parkins) – An old black rhinoceros who is the leader of a black rhinoceros crash.
Ma Tembo (voiced by Lynette DuPree) – An African bush elephant with a broken right tusk who is the daughter of Amanifu, an old friend of Simba's who passes away early in the series. She and her elephant herd reside in Kilio Valley.

Mtoto (voiced by Justin Felbinger) – A young African bush elephant calf who is part of Ma Tembo's herd.
Mtoto’s mom (voiced by Virginia Watson) – An African bush elephant who is part of Ma Tembo’s herd.
Zito (voiced by Nick Watt) – An African bush elephant who is part of Ma Tembo's herd.
Johari (voiced by Ace Gibson) – An African bush elephant who is part of Ma Tembo’s herd.

Twiga (voiced by Alex Cartana) – A Masai giraffe who is the leader of her giraffe herd.

Juhudi (voiced by Ivy Bishop) – A young Masai giraffe calf who is Twiga's daughter.
Shingo (voiced by Phil LaMarr) – A Masai giraffe who is part of Twiga's herd.

Mbuni (voiced by Russi Taylor) – A cheerful ostrich who is the leader of her flock.
Muhanga (voiced by Russi Taylor) – An aardvark.
Muhangus (voiced by Khary Payton) – An aardvark who is Muhanga's mate.
Kambuni (voiced by Mckenna Grace) – A young ostrich chick.
Shauku (voiced by Jacob Guenther) – A young banded mongoose pup.
Tamaa (voiced by CJ Byrnes) – A greater racket-tailed drongo who can imitate the voice of any animal.
Muhimu (voiced by Kari Wahlgren in the US version, Emma Bunton in the UK version[12]) – A plains zebra who is the leader of a herd of zebras that the Lion Guard leads to Mbali Fields.

Hamu (voiced by Lyons Luke Mathias) – A young plains zebra foal who is Muhimu's son. Shortly after being born, he helped the Lion Guard fend off Janja, Cheezi and Chungu.

Swala (voiced by Tunisia Hardison) – A Thomson's gazelle who is the leader of her herd that the Lion Guard leads to Mbali Fields.
Ajabu (voiced by Ron Funches) – An okapi who travels to the Pride Lands to get away from Makucha.
Aardwolf Pack – A pack of aardwolves that live in the Pride Lands and only come out at night. The Lion Guard accidentally mistook them for hyenas until Kion cleared things up and fended off Reirei and Goigoi. The aardwolves are known for keeping the termite population down.

Mjomba (voiced by Charlie Adler) – A grumpy and impatient aardwolf.
Ogopa (voiced by Marieve Herington) – A bright and bubbly aardwolf.
Haya (voiced by Ogie Banks) – A nervous and shy aardwolf.

Laini (voiced by Meghan Strange) – A galago who is the seemingly leader of her group.
Badilli (voiced by Jack McBrayer) – A friendly cream-colored African leopard from Mirihi Forest in the Back Lands who was driven out of his territory by Mapigano. The Lion Guard had to train him to have enough courage to drive off Mapigano.
Vuruga Vuruga (voiced by Virginia Watson) – An African buffalo who is the leader of her herd. Kiara once presided over their Royal Buffalo Wallow.
Young Rhino (voiced by Kari Wahlgren) – A young black rhinoceros calf.
King Sokwe (voiced by John Rhys-Davies) – A mountain gorilla king who is Majinuni and Hafifu's father. He and his troop of mountain gorillas live in the Theluji Mountains.

Hafifu and Majinuni (voiced by Phil Lester and Dan Howell) – Two mountain gorilla princes and sons of King Sokwe who come to the Pride Lands to deliver a message to Simba.

Hadithi (voiced by John O'Hurley) – A legendary African hawk-eagle who faked having invented the Hadithi Spin.
Bupu (voiced by Michael Dorn) – A stubborn sable antelope who is the leader of his herd.

Boboka (voiced by Erica Luttrell) – A sable antelope who is part of Bupu's herd.

Chura (voiced by Kari Wahlgren) – An African toad.
Kifaru (voiced by Maurice LaMarche) – A poor-sighted white rhinoceros.

Mwenzi (voiced by Rhys Darby) – A red-billed oxpecker who is Kifaru's tickbird and best friend.

Uroho (voiced by Sinbad) – A yellow baboon who is the leader of the Traveling Baboon Show. He and his fellow baboon performers Mwevi and Mwizi stole food from around the Pride Lands, but later saw the error of their ways when the Lion Guard saved them from Janja's clan.

Mwevi and Mwizi (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) – Two yellow baboons who are members of the Traveling Baboon Show.

Kulinda (voiced by Elise Allen) – A hamerkop who leaves her egg in Ono's nest while she builds a new nest that is safe from predators. She later names her baby Ona, in honor of Ono.
Tumbili (voiced by Ace Gibson) - A Zanzibar red colobus who is the leader of his troop. He grew tired of Furaha's antics and sent him away.
Chama (voiced by Jacob Bertrand) - A young fun-loving African bush elephant who used to be part of Ma Tembo's herd. He, Mzaha, and Furaha are best friends and share a tree together near Big Springs.
Mzaha (voiced by Cade Sutton) - A young fun-loving sable antelope who used to be part of Bupu's herd.
Furaha (voiced by Mekai Curtis) - A young fun-loving Zanzibar red colobus who used to be part of Tumbili's troop.
Nyuni (voiced by Nolan North) - A weaverbird.

text: Antagonists[edit]

text:
Janja's Clan – A clan of male spotted hyenas that live in the Outlands and do not respect the Circle of Life.

Janja (voiced by Andrew Kishino) – A cunning and ruthless spotted hyena who is the leader of the clan, and one of the main antagonists of the series.
Cheezi (voiced by Vargus Mason) – An excitable spotted hyena and one of Janja's henchmen.
Chungu (voiced by Kevin Schon) – An unintelligent spotted hyena with a slightly heavier build than the other hyenas.
Nne (voiced by Beau Black) – A sly and stout, but smart spotted hyena.
Tano (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) – A devious and sloping but smart spotted hyena.

Mzingo's Committee – A committee of white-backed vultures that live in the Outlands and is allied with Janja's clan.

Mzingo (voiced by Greg Ellis) – A calculative white-backed vulture who is the leader of his committee. He sometimes serves as Janja's spy and scout.
Mwoga (voiced by Cam Clarke) – A foolish and devious white-backed vulture who is a member of the committee.

Ushari (voiced by Christian Slater) – An Egyptian cobra who often conflicts with Bunga and is often falling victim to some antics when the Lion Guard are near. In The Rise of Scar, Ushari finally gets fed up with the Lion Guard's antics and tells Janja about how Kion talks with Mufasa's spirit which leads to the two of them orchestrating events that enable them to summon Scar's spirit.
Reirei's Pack – A pack of black-backed jackals that live in the Outlands.

Reirei (voiced by Ana Gasteyer) – A clever and manipulative black-backed jackal who is the leader of the pack.
Goigoi (voiced by Phil LaMarr) – A greedy and dimwitted black-backed jackal who is Reirei's mate.
Dogo (voiced by Jacob Guenther) – A black-backed jackal pup who is one of Reirei and Goigoi's sons. He has blue eyes compared to the other pups who have brown eyes.
Kijana (voiced by Amber Hood) – A black-backed jackal pup who is Reirei and Goigoi's daughter and Dogo's sister.

Makucha (voiced by Steven Blum) – A cream-colored African leopard who tracks Ajabu to the Pride Lands since okapis are rare creatures.
Mapigano (voiced by Jorge Diaz) – A cream-colored African leopard who bullied Badilli upon invading his territory in Mirihi Forest in the Back Lands.
Mpishi (voiced by Carla Hall) – An African harrier-hawk who travels to the Pride Lands looking for a rare meal. She once teamed with Mwoga to target Kulinda's newly-hatched chick.
Shupavu's Group – A group of skinks who are friends with Ushari, serving as his spies in the Pride Lands.

Shupavu (voiced by Meghan Strange) – A sneaky, skeptical skink who is the leader of her group. She dislikes being close to Pride Rock.
Nyeusi (voiced by Dee Bradley Baker) – A stealthy skink that works with Shupavu.

Kiburi's Float – Former members of Makuu's float who were kicked out and banished from the Pride Lands for their treachery towards Makuu and Simba.

Kiburi (voiced by Common) – An arrogant Nile crocodile who was part of Makuu's float. He and his followers defied Makuu's orders which led to them working with Ushari. While Kiburi challenged Makuu to a "mashindano," his three followers tried to attack Simba from behind only for the Lion Guard to intervene. Kiburi and his followers were kicked out of Makuu's float upon his loss and were exiled to the Outlands by Simba, with Kiburi vowing to have his revenge someday. Upon running into Ushari again, Kiburi and his followers were led to where Scar's spirit is and formed an alliance with him.
Tamka (voiced by Nolan North) – An overconfident and unintelligent Nile crocodile who is one of Kiburi's followers.

Kenge (voiced by Kristofer Hivju) – An enormous and ferocious rock monitor, and acquaintance of Ushari who hates being called "little". His venomous bite induces temporary paralysis.

text: Production[edit]

text: The series was announced by Disney on June 9, 2014, on the run up to the first film's 20th anniversary. Disney Junior general manager Nancy Kanter stated: "It's kind of like The Lion King meets The Avengers."[13] The series' announcement came after a meeting between Kanter and Disney chief executive Robert Iger. Iger suggested to Kanter that Disney Junior should consider producing content to celebrate the 20th anniversary of The Lion King in 2014. Disney had shown early footage to young test audiences, who were able to make suggestions, such as adjusting the look of the hyenas.[14] Disney Consumer Products launched a line of toys to tie into the television series, as well at book titles based on the series such as Return of the Roar, Can't Wait to be Queen, Bunga the Wise, Meet the New Guard, Fuli Finds Her Place, Join the Lion Guard! and Kion's Animal Alphabet.[15] A sneak peek of The Lion Guard was shown at the 2015 D23 Expo.[16] On August 12, 2015, a sneak peek was shown, with new information that the television movie was scheduled to air in November 2015 to be titled The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar.[17] On October 9, 2015, it was announced that Return of the Roar would premiere on November 22, 2015, on Disney Channel.[4]

text: On coming up with the idea, the series' creator Ford Riley stated that at the end of The Lion King "[W]e see Simba and Nala as king and queen and Rafiki’s holding up the cub. In Lion King 2, [we learn] that is Kiara the cub and she’s going to grow up to become queen. I’ve got two kids, and usually stories are about the oldest child or an only child. I was really interested in a second born cub. What would his role be if Kiara’s gonna grow up to be queen?" Riley explained that he was inspired by his 8-year-old son. "Every Thursday he and his buddies go to the park and they have this imaginary superhero team and they have all these imaginary adventures. That’s when it hit me. Let’s have a group of superheroes in the Pride Lands – The Avengers meets The Lion King!"[6]

text: When asked where the show fits into the timeline, Riley explained that in The Lion King 2; "Kiara meets Kovu and they get into trouble. The very next scene, Kiara is fully grown and off on her first hunt. Clearly there’s a few years gap in there, so we’re filling that gap with The Lion Guard."[6]

text: When choosing the members of the team, Riley stated "The qualities came first. If we’re going to have this superhero team, we want them to be fierce and brave and strong and fast and keen of sight. Those are the qualities of our five animals in the Lion Guard... [T]he lion is going to be the fiercest. The bravest is the honey badger, hippo the strongest, cheetah the fastest, and the egret – egrets have sort of binocular vision which gives them depth perception which most birds who have eyes on either side of their head don’t, so Ono our egret is the keenest of sight. They’re the best of the best within the Pride Lands."[6]

text: Riley also noted the inclusion of Swahili into the series; "[I]t’s one of those things that struck me about The Lion King that there’s all these Swahili phrases... I wanted to have that element in the series as well, so we’ve actually hired Sarah Mirza, who literally wrote the book on English-Swahili translations. We’ve been using Swahili not just in names of characters and places but also in the language of the show itself. Like ‘Zuka zama’ which is Bunga’s catchphrase and ‘Sisi Ni Sawa’ song. All of the characters have catchphrases which mean real things in Swahili."[6]

text: In terms of giving The Lion Guard the same look as the original film, director Howy Parkins stated: "[W]e were very mindful to hold the essence of The Lion King, through the look of the background environments to the actual characters. We did extensive research and were also able to obtain some original model sheets... The challenge with The Lion Guard was capturing the stunning beauty and look of The Lion King, so when one of my friends, Barry Atkinson, who worked on The Lion King as a background painter, became available, we brought him in. He shared a lot of insight when it came time to look at examples that the new backgrounds artists had done. Then another friend of mine, Mike Surrey, came in to talk to the animators and the storyboard artists. He was the animation supervising director on Timon on The Lion King. So we've pulled in some favors."[18]

text: Speaking on the show's educational aspect and tone, Parkins said: "We have multiple characters and stories to tell, so we've used the Circle of Life as sort of a nice story arc to the entire series as well as the feature. For the research we've done, we've been able to take facts about the animals in the Serengeti and some of the habitat information and either work them into the stories or create entire stories based on an actual fact. Without being overly educational, we are very educational. It's been a fun thing to run with through the entire storytelling process... [W]e have to be mindful of the two to seven audience. We have the music, the chase sequences, a lot of comic relief, as well as our villains, so there will be some dark moments. But we tend to pull back a little more than they did on the original movie or on a movie, for example, like Finding Nemo."[18]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

Pilot
November 22, 2015 (2015-11-22)

1
26
January 15, 2016 (2016-01-15)
April 21, 2017 (2017-04-21)

2
26
July 7, 2017 (2017-07-07)
TBA

text: Spin-off[edit]

text: A short-form series called It's UnBungalievable starring Bunga and Ono premiered on Disney Junior and Disneynature on January 9, 2016. In the series, Bunga and Ono pick two animals to compete in contests such as "Who's Quicker?" "Who Has Better Hair?" and "Who's Hungrier?" The series features live-action animal footage provided by Disneynature.[19]

text:
"Who's Quicker?"
"Who's Mightier?"
"Who Has Better Hair?"
"Who's Hungrier?"
"Who's the Better Babysitter?"
"Who's Cuter?"
"Who's Sillier?"
"Who's Louder?"
"Who's Brainier?"
"Who's a Better Flyer?"

tag: ol

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Like its American counterpart, Return of the Roar premiered on November 22, 2015, on Disney Channel in Canada, while the series premiered on January 17, 2016, on Disney Junior, two days after its American premiere.[20][21] In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Return of the Roar premiered on Disney Junior on February 8, 2016, while the series premiered on April 13, 2016.[22][23] In Australia and New Zealand, the pilot debuted on February 6, 2016, and the series began airing on February 28 on Disney Junior.[24] In Southeast Asia, Return of the Roar premiered on March 20, 2016, on Disney Channel (April 11, 2016, on Disney Junior) and the series premiered on April 17, 2016, on Disney Junior block in Disney Channel.[25][26] It aired in TVNZ in New Zealand and 7flix in Australia.

text: Home media[edit]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: Distributed by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment.

text:
Title
Release Date
Episodes
Additional Features

The Lion Guard: Return of the Roar[27]
February 23, 2016
Television movie
Music video of Beau Black performing "Here Comes the Lion Guard."
Talking Lion Guard Backpack Clip

The Lion Guard: Unleash the Power[28]
September 20, 2016

"Fuli's New Family" (Season 1, Episode 7)
"Bunga the Wise" (Season 1, Episode 3)
"Eye of the Beholder" (Season 1, Episode 5)
"Follow That Hippo!" (Season 1, Episode 9)
"The Search for Utamu" (Season 1, Episode 8)
"Never Judge a Hyena by Its Spots" (Season 1, Episode 1)

Lion Guard Power Necklace

The Lion Guard: Life in the Pride Lands[29]
January 10, 2017

"The Rise of Makuu" (Season 1, Episode 2)
"The Kupatana Celebration" (Season 1, Episode 6)
"Bunga and the King" (Season 1, Episode 13)
"Never Roar Again" (Season 1, Episode 21)
"The Imaginary Okapi" (Season 1, Episode 14)

Music videos: "A Trail to Hope", "Teke Ruka Teleza"
It's UnBungalievable shorts
Five Lion Guard Wristbands

The Lion Guard: The Rise of Scar[30]
January 9, 2018
Television movie
TBA

text: Soundtracks[edit]

text:
The Lion Guard (Music from the TV Series)

Soundtrack album by Various artists

Released
January 8, 2016

Genre
Children, pop, world, soundtrack

Length
34:43

Label
Walt Disney

text:
The Lion Guard (Music from the TV Series)[31]

No.
Title
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Call of the Guard (The Lion Guard Theme)"
The Lion Guard Chorus
1:03

2.
"A Beautiful Day (Ni Siku Nzuri)"
Beau Black
2:16

3.
"Zuka Zama"
Bunga
1:57

4.
"Tonight We Strike"
Janja, Mzingo & Hyenas
1:56

5.
"Kion's Lament"
Kion
3:24

6.
"Here Comes the Lion Guard"
Beau Black
2:28

7.
"We're the Same (Sisi Ni Sawa)"
Kion & Jasiri
2:33

8.
"Outta the Way"
Janja, Cheezi & Chungu
2:00

9.
"Duties of the King"
Simba & Zazu
2:01

10.
"Bunga the Wise"
Timon, Pumbaa & Bunga
1:41

11.
"My Own Way"
Fuli
2:18

12.
"Jackal Style"
Reirei
2:10

13.
"Panic and Run"
Janja, Cheezi, & Chungu
1:34

14.
"It Is Time"
Beau Black
3:01

15.
"Call of the Guard (Full Version)"
The Lion Guard Chorus
4:21

Total length:
34:43

text: There is a new soundtrack release untitled The Lion Guard: Disney Junior Music that is digital only that came out September 1, 2017


document_title: Jazz Age

question_text: who became famous by singing the blues during the jazz age

text: Jazz Age

text: How the Jazz Age began[edit]

text: The birth of jazz music is credited to African Americans,[1] but expanded and over time became modified to become socially acceptable to middle-class white Americans. Those critical of jazz saw it as music from people with no training or skill.[2] White performers were used as a vehicle for the popularization of jazz music in America. Even though the jazz movement was taken over by the middle-class white population, it facilitated the mesh of African American traditions and ideals with white middle-class society.[3] Cities like New York and Chicago were cultural centers for jazz, and especially for African-American artists. People who were not familiar with jazz music could not recognize it by the way Africans Americans wrote it. Furthermore, the way African-American writers wrote about jazz music made it seem as though it was not a cultural achievement of the race.[2]

text: From 1920 to 1933 Prohibition in the United States banned the sale of alcoholic drinks, resulting in illicit speakeasies which became lively venues of the "Jazz Age", hosting popular music including current dance songs, novelty songs and show tunes. Jazz began to get a reputation as being immoral, and many members of the older generations saw it as threatening the old cultural values and promoting the new decadent values of the Roaring Twenties. Professor Henry van Dyke of Princeton University wrote: "... it is not music at all. It's merely an irritation of the nerves of hearing, a sensual teasing of the strings of physical passion."[4] The media too began to denigrate jazz. The New York Times used stories and headlines to pick at jazz: Siberian villagers were said by the paper to have used jazz to scare off bears, when in fact they had used pots and pans; another story claimed that the fatal heart attack of a celebrated conductor was caused by jazz.[4]

text: From 1919, Kid Ory's Original Creole Jazz Band of musicians from New Orleans played in San Francisco and Los Angeles, where in 1922 they became the first black jazz band of New Orleans origin to make recordings.[5][6] That year also saw the first recording by Bessie Smith, the most famous of the 1920s blues singers.[7] Chicago, meanwhile, was the main center developing the new "Hot Jazz", where King Oliver joined Bill Johnson. Bix Beiderbecke formed The Wolverines in 1924.

text: That same year, Louis Armstrong joined the Fletcher Henderson dance band[8] as featured soloist, leaving in 1925. The original New Orleans style was polyphonic, with theme variation and simultaneous collective improvisation. Armstrong was a master of his hometown style, but by the time he joined Henderson's band, he was already a trailblazer in a new phase of jazz, with its emphasis on arrangements and soloists. Armstrong's solos went well beyond the theme-improvisation concept, and extemporized on chords, rather than melodies. According to Schuller, by comparison, the solos by Armstrong's bandmates (including a young Coleman Hawkins), sounded "stiff, stodgy," with "jerky rhythms and a grey undistinguished tone quality."[9] The following example shows a short excerpt of the straight melody of "Mandy, Make Up Your Mind" by George W. Meyer and Arthur Johnston (top), compared with Armstrong's solo improvisations (below) (recorded 1924).[10] (The example approximates Armstrong's solo, as it does not convey his use of swing.)

text: Armstrong's solos were a significant factor in making jazz a true 20th-century language. After leaving Henderson's group, Armstrong formed his virtuosic Hot Five band, which included instrumentalist's Kid Ory (trombone), Johnny Dodds (clarinet), Johnny St. Cyr (banjo), and wife Lil on piano, where he popularized scat singing.[11]

text: Jelly Roll Morton recorded with the New Orleans Rhythm Kings in an early mixed-race collaboration, then in 1926 formed his Red Hot Peppers. There was a larger market for jazzy dance music played by white orchestras, such as Jean Goldkette's orchestra and Paul Whiteman's orchestra. In 1924 Whiteman commissioned Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue, which was premiered by Whiteman's Orchestra. By the mid-1920s, Whiteman was the most popular bandleader in the U.S. His success was based on a "rhetoric of domestication" according to which he had elevated and rendered valuable a previously inchoate kind of music.[12] Other influential large ensembles included Fletcher Henderson's band, Duke Ellington's band (which opened an influential residency at the Cotton Club in 1927) in New York, and Earl Hines' Band in Chicago (who opened in The Grand Terrace Cafe there in 1928). All significantly influenced the development of big band-style swing jazz.[13] By 1930, the New Orleans-style ensemble was a relic, and jazz belonged to the world.[14]

text: Some famous black artists of the time were Ella Fitzgerald[citation needed], Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Count Basie.[15] Several musicians grew up in musical families, where a family member would often teach how to read and play music. Some musicians, like Pops Foster, learned on homemade instruments.[16] Urban radio stations played African-American jazz more frequently than suburban stations, due to the concentration of African Americans in urban areas such as New York and Chicago. Younger demographics popularized the black-originated dances such as the Charleston as part of the immense cultural shift the popularity of jazz music generated.[17] The migration of African Americans from the American south introduced the culture born out of a repressive, unfair society to the American north where navigating through a society with little ability to change played a vital role in the birth of jazz.[18]

text: Radio[edit]

text: The spread of jazz was encouraged by the introduction of large-scale radio broadcasts in 1932. The radio was described as the "sound factory." Radio made it possible for Americans to experience different styles of music without physically visiting a jazz club. The radio provided Americans with a trendy new avenue for exploring the world through broadcasts and concerts from the comfort of their living room.[19] These were broadcast from cities such as New York, Chicago, Kansas City, and Los Angeles. There were two categories of live music on the radio: concert music and big band dance music. The concert music was known as "potter palm" and was concert music by amateurs, usually volunteers. This type of radio was a way of making broadcasting cheaper. This type of radio's popularity started to decrease as commercial radio increased.

text: The next type of music is known as big band dance music. This type is played by professionals and was featured from nightclubs, dance halls, and ballrooms.[3] Musicologist Charles Hamm described three types of jazz music at the time: black music for black audiences, black music for white audiences, and white music for white audiences.[20] Jazz artists like Louis Armstrong originally received very little airtime because most stations preferred to play the music of white American jazz singers. Other jazz vocalists include Bessie Smith and Florence Mills. In urban areassuch as Chicago and New York, African-American jazz was played on the radio more often than in the suburbs. Big-band jazz, like that of James Reese Europe and Fletcher Henderson in New York, attracted large radio audiences.[3]

text: Youth[edit]

text: 1920s youth used the influence of jazz to rebel against the traditional culture of previous generations. This youth rebellion of the 1920s went hand-in-hand with fads like bold fashion statements (flappers), women smoking cigarettes, free talk about sex, and new radio concerts. Dances like the Charleston, developed by African Americans, suddenly became popular among the youth. Traditionalists were aghast at what they considered the breakdown of morality.[21] Some urban middle-class African Americans perceived jazz as "devil's music", and believed the improvised rhythms and sounds were promoting promiscuity.[22]

text: Role of women[edit]

text: Women played an important role throughout jazz's history. With women's suffrage—the right for women to vote—at its peak with the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment on August 18, 1920, and the entrance of the free-spirited flapper, women began to take on a larger role in society and culture. With women now taking part in the work force after the end of the First World War there were many more possibilities for women in terms of social life and entertainment. Ideas such as equality and free sexuality were very popular during the time and women seemed to capitalize during this period. The 1920s saw the emergence of many famous women musicians including Bessie Smith. Bessie Smith also gained attention because she was not only a great singer but also an African-American woman. She has grown through the ages to be one of the most well respected singers of all time. Singers such as Billie Holiday and Janis Joplin were inspired by Bessie Smith.[23]

text: Lovie Austin (1887–1972) was a Chicago-based bandleader, session musician (piano), composer, singer, and arranger during the 1920s classic blues era. She and Lil Hardin Armstrong are often ranked as two of the best female jazz blues piano players of the period.[24][25]

text: Piano player Lil Hardin Armstrong was originally a member of King Oliver's band with Louis, and went on to play piano in her husband's band the Hot Five and then his next group called the Hot Seven[26] It was not until the 1930s and 1940s that many women jazz singers, such as Bessie Smith and Billie Holiday were recognized as successful artists in the music world.[26] Another famous female vocalist, dubbed "The First Lady of Song," Ella Fitzgerald was the one of the most popular female jazz singers in the United States for more than half a century. In her lifetime, she won 13 Grammy awards and sold over 40 million albums. Her voice was flexible, wide-ranging, accurate and ageless. She could sing sultry ballads, sweet jazz and imitate every instrument in an orchestra. She worked with all the jazz greats, from Duke Ellington, Count Basie and Nat King Cole, to Frank Sinatra, Dizzy Gillespie and Benny Goodman[27]. These women were persistent in striving to make their names known in the music industry and lead the way for many more women artists to come.[26]

text: Origins of jazz[edit]

text: Jazz music originated in New Orleans in the "sub-style" of Dixieland Jazz.[28] Jazz is the hybrid of African and European influence. From African influence, jazz got its rhythm, "blues" quality, and traditions of playing or singing in one's own expressive way. From European influence, jazz got its harmony and instruments(saxophone, trumpet, piano, etc.). Both influences used improvisation which became a large part of jazz.[29] New Orleans provided great opportunity for such an occurrence because it was a port city, with many different cultures and beliefs intertwined.[30] While in New Orleans, jazz gained influence from creole, ragtime, and most importantly blues music.[31] Two important aspects of jazz are swing and improvisation. The famous jazz trumpeter Louis Armstrong's most influential impact upon jazz was bringing an improvisational soloist to the forefront of a piece.[31]

text: Classical music[edit]

text: As jazz flourished, American elites who preferred classical music sought to expand the listenership of their favored genre, hoping that jazz would not become mainstream.[32] Controversially, jazz became an influence on composers as diverse as George Gershwin and Herbert Howells.


document_title: Alexandra Borgia

question_text: who played alexandra borgia on law and order

text: Alexandra Borgia

text:
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text:
Alexandra Borgia
Law & Order character
First appearance
"Fluency"Last appearance
"Invaders"Portrayed by
Annie ParisseTime on show
2005–2006Seasons
15, 16Credited appearances
33 episodes (total)Preceded by
Serena SoutherlynSucceeded by
Connie Rubirosa

text: Alexandra Borgia is a fictional character, played by Annie Parisse, who appeared on the long-running NBC drama series Law & Order from 2005 to 2006. Appearing in only 33 episodes, she is the shortest serving ADA in the series' history.

text: Fictional character biography[edit]

text: Borgia first appears in the episode "Fluency", having been appointed by DA Arthur Branch (Fred Thompson) as a replacement for Serena Southerlyn (Elisabeth Röhm). She principally assists Jack McCoy, but she also conducts detailed investigations, arraignments and hearings independent of McCoy and Branch. Prior to her last appointment, Borgia was engaged in trying many drug cases, which resulted in frequent kudos from police officers and fellow attorneys. She was also respected among her colleagues for her intelligence and adroit manner in preparing a case for prosecution. When asked by Detective Joe Fontana if her name was Italian, she answered that it was from Italy, France and Spain and that she still had relatives in Venice.[1] She is a Christian and regularly goes to church.[2]

text: Unlike her predecessor, Borgia often agrees with the decisions of her superiors and follows their directions regardless of her own views. She shares many parallels with Abbie Carmichael (Angie Harmon), including the latter's conservatism and cooperation with the police in developing cases. Borgia also had a penchant for investigative work, a trait shared by Paul Robinette, whom she opposes in a case in the Season 16 episode "Birthright".

text: Borgia has a professional manner, balancing compassion for victims with adherence to legal rules and procedure. This is evident in her dealings with the mother of a victim of faulty influenza vaccine  during her first case. The prosecution decides to drop the case among the numerous charges against the defendant, as it is too weak to use. Borgia impulsively promises the mother that the defendant would be severely punished in compensation. Although McCoy fulfills that promise by arranging multiple consecutive manslaughter sentences (adding up to 240 years in prison), he asks Borgia to never again make similar promises.[1] This compassion also helps her to get close to victims' families, as demonstrated when she bonds with a murder victim's son over their shared love of fishing.[3] She is also highly respectful and polite in her dealings with colleagues. Simultaneously, she is never afraid to engage in heated byplay with defendants and convicts alike to ensure a successful prosecution. Borgia indicates her devout Catholicism as a factor in her belief in the religious transformation of a defendant and in arguing with her superiors, she also highlights her belief in a Christian ideal of forgiveness.[2] Her Catholic background also influences her opposition to torture.

text: Borgia was the shortest appearing Assistant District Attorney in the history of the Law & Order franchise, seen only in 33 episodes. In her final episode, while investigating a family's murder, the DA's office focuses on the husband, Frank Andreas, who is supplying killers with fake DEA badges which they use to commit home invasion robberies.  Borgia presses Andreas to give up his accomplices, and is later kidnapped from her own apartment.  Her body is subsequently found in the trunk of an abandoned car, bound, brutally beaten and dead of asphyxiation after choking on her own vomit. Outraged, McCoy arranges a sham prosecution to make sure her murderers go to prison for life, skirting legal ethics to the point that he almost faced disbarment and was replaced by a special prosecutor.[4] Borgia's position is filled by Connie Rubirosa (Alana de la Garza) in season 17.

text: Credits[edit]

text: Parisse is credited in a total of 33 episodes of the Law & Order as Alexandra Borgia.[5]

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