document_title: Filmfare Awards South

question_text: highest filmfare award winner actor in south india

text: Filmfare Awards South

text: Superlatives[edit]

text:
Superlative

Artist

Record

Most individual wins

Kamal Haasan, A. R. Rahman

17 awards

Most individual nominations

Shreya Ghoshal

41 nominations

Most direction awards

K. Balachander, K. Viswanath

8 awards

Most music direction awards

A. R. Rahman

17 awards

Most acting awards - Male

Kamal Haasan

16 awards

Most acting awards - Female

Lakshmi

7 awards

Most playback singer awards - Male

Karthik

6 awards

Most playback singer awards - Female

Shreya Ghoshal

9 awards

text: History[edit]

text: The awards were first given in 1953 and the ceremony used to be held along with Bollywood Filmfare Awards. The awards were being held in the Kalaivanar Arangam, Chennai.[2] Later the ceremony shifted to the distinctive Music Academy.

text: In 1953 initially recognizing the Hindi film industry. In 1963 Awards extended to Best Picture in Tamil, Telugu, Bengali & Marathi, for the awards and from 1966 Malayalam films were added.[2] Kannada films became a part of the event in 1969.[2] In 1972 the awards were extended to Best Actor, Best Actress and Best Director categories in all south Indian films.[3] The categories for Special Awards were introduced in the 1980s and Best Music Direction in 1990s. Lifetime Achievement Award - South was first given in 1983. Award for Best Male debut and Female debut were given irregularly during the same period. Categories for Best Male Playback Singing and Best Female Playback Singing were introduced in 1997 . In 2002, awards for Best Supporting actors were given for Tamil and Telugu films. Since 2005, these awards were extended to the Malayalam and Kannada film industries. In the same year, additional categories such as Best Lyricist, Best Playback Singing were also introduced. Awards for Best Comedian were given from 2002 till 2006 and discontinued later.

text: Statuette[edit]

text: The statuette, depicting a woman whose arms uprise in a dance number with her fingers touching, is commonly referred to as "The Black Lady" (or "The Lady in Black"). Originally designed by N.G. Phansare under the supervision of Times of India's art director Walter Langhammer, it is generally made of bronze, its height is 46.5 cm and it weighs around five kg.[4] To celebrate the 25th year of the awards, the statues were made in silver and to celebrate the 50th year the statues were made in gold.[5]

text: Prizes[edit]

text: As of 2006, there are a total of 10 categories across each of the four film industries.

text: Creative awards[edit]

text: Telugu cinema[edit]

text:
Filmfare Award for Best Film – Telugu: since 1963
Filmfare Award for Best Director – Telugu: since 1972
Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Telugu: since 1972
Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Telugu: since 1972
Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Telugu: since 2002
Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu: since 2002
Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Telugu: since 1990
Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Telugu: since 2005
Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Telugu: Since 1997
Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Telugu: since 2004

text: Tamil cinema[edit]

text:
Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil: since 1963
Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil: since 1972
Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Tamil: since 1972
Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Tamil: since 1972
Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Tamil: since 2002
Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Tamil: since 2002
Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Tamil: since 1990
Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Tamil: since 2005
Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Tamil: since 2005
Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Tamil: since 1999

text: Malayalam cinema[edit]

text:
Filmfare Award for Best Film – Malayalam: since 1966
Filmfare Award for Best Director – Malayalam: since 1972
Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Malayalam: since 1972
Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam: since 1972
Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Malayalam: since 2006
Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam: since 2006
Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Malayalam: since 1990
Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Malayalam: since 2006
Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Malayalam: since 2006
Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Malayalam: since 2006

text: Kannada cinema[edit]

text:
Filmfare Award for Best Film – Kannada: since 1969
Filmfare Award for Best Director – Kannada: since 1972
Filmfare Award for Best Actor – Kannada: since 1972
Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Kannada: since 1972
Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actor – Kannada: since 2006
Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Kannada: since 2006
Filmfare Award for Best Music Director – Kannada: since 1990
Filmfare Award for Best Lyricist – Kannada: since 2006
Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer – Kannada: since 2006
Filmfare Award for Best Female Playback Singer – Kannada: since 2006

text: Technical awards[edit]

text:
Filmfare Award for Best Art Director – South: since 1998
Filmfare Award for Best Cinematographer – South: since 1997
Filmfare Award for Best Dance Choreographer – South: since 1997
Filmfare Award for Best Special Effects - South: since 2012
Filmfare Award for Best Costume Design - South : since 2010
Filmfare Award for Best Action Director – South: since 2005
Filmfare Award for Best Editor – South: since 2005

text: Special awards[edit]

text:
Filmfare Special Award – South: Since 1965
Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor – South: since 2011
Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South: since 1983
Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut – South: since 2000
Filmfare Award for Best Female Debut – South: since 1997

text: Retired awards[edit]

text:
Filmfare Award for Best Comedian – Tamil: 2002 to 2005
Filmfare Award for Best Comedian – Telugu: 2002 to 2005
Filmfare Award for Best Villain – Tamil: 2002 to 2005
Filmfare Award for Best Villain – Telugu: 2002 to 2005

text: Ceremonies[edit]

text:
65th Filmfare Awards South, held 16 June 2018 in Hyderabad, Telangana
64th Filmfare Awards South,[6] held 17 June 2017 in Hyderabad, Telangana
63rd Filmfare Awards South,[7] held 18 June 2016 in Hyderabad, Telangana
62nd Filmfare Awards South, held 26 June 2015 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
61st Filmfare Awards South, held 12 July 2014 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
60th Filmfare Awards South, held 20 July 2013 in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
59th Filmfare Awards South, held 7 July 2012 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
58th Filmfare Awards South, held 2 July 2011 in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
57th Filmfare Awards South, held 7 August 2010 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
56th Filmfare Awards South, held 31 July 2009 in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh
49th Filmfare Awards South, held 20 April 2002 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu
45th Filmfare Awards South, held 13 June 1998 in Madras, Tamil Nadu
42nd Filmfare Awards South, held 23 September 1995 in Madras, Tamil Nadu
38th Filmfare Awards South, held 11 August 1991 in Madras, Tamil Nadu
34th Filmfare Awards South,[8] held 9 August 1987 in Madras, Tamil Nadu
21st Filmfare Awards South, held 11 April 1974 in Bombay, Maharastra
11th Filmfare Awards South, held 1964 in Bombay, Maharastra


document_title: History of Cape Town

question_text: when did the dutch settlers arrived in the western cape

root

text: History of Cape Town

text: The arrival of Europeans[edit]

text: The first Europeans to discover the Cape were the Portuguese. Bartholomeu Dias arrived in 1488 after journeying south along the west coast of Africa. The next recorded European sighting of the Cape was by Vasco da Gama in 1497 while he was searching for a route that would lead directly from Europe to Asia.

tag: p

text: Table Mountain was given its name in 1503 by António de Saldanha, a Portuguese admiral and explorer.[8] He called it Taboa da caba ("table of the cape"). The name given to the mountain by the Khoi inhabitants was Hoeri 'kwaggo ("sea mountain").[9]

text: 1652: Arrival of the Dutch[edit]

text: The area fell out of regular contact with Europeans until 1652, when Jan van Riebeeck and other employees of the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, or simply VOC) were sent to the Cape to establish a halfway station to provide fresh water, vegetables, and meat for passing ships travelling to and from Asia. Van Riebeeck's party of three vessels landed at the cape on 6 April 1652. The Cape was under Dutch rule from 1652 to 1695 and again from 1803 to 1806[10]. The group quickly erected shelters and laid out vegetable gardens and orchards, and are preserved in the Company Gardens. Water from the Fresh River, which descended from Table Mountain, was channelled into canals to provide irrigation. The settlers bartered with the native Khoisan for their sheep and cattle. Forests in Hout Bay and the southern and eastern flanks of Table Mountain provided timber for ships and houses. At this point, the VOC had a monopoly on trade and prohibited any private trade. The Dutch gave their own names to the native inhabitants that they encountered, calling the pastoralists "Hottentots", those that lived on the coast and subsisted on shellfishing "Strandlopers", and those who were hunter-gatherers were named "Bushmen".

text: The first wave of Asian immigration to South Africa started in 1654. These first immigrants were banished to the Cape by the Dutch Batavian High Court. These Asians helped to form the foundation of the Cape Coloured and Cape Malay populations, as well as bringing Islam to the Cape. The first large territorial expansion occurred in 1657, when farms were granted by the VOC to a few servants in an attempt to increase food production. These farms were situated along the Liesbeeck River and the VOC still retained financial control of them. The first slaves were brought to the Cape from Java and Madagascar in the following year to work on the farms.[11] The first of a long series of border conflicts between the inhabitants in the European-controlled area and native inhabitants began in 1658 when settlers clashed with the Khoi, who realised that they were losing territory.

text: Work on the Castle of Good Hope, the first permanent European fortification in the area, began in 1666. The new castle replaced the previous wooden fort that Van Riebeeck and his men built. Finally completed in 1679, the castle is the oldest building in South Africa.

text: Simon van der Stel, after whom the town of Stellenbosch is named, arrived in 1679 to replace Van Riebeeck as governor. Van der Stel founded the Cape wine industry by bringing grape vines with him on his ship, an industry which would quickly grow to be important for the region. He also promoted territorial expansion in the Colony.

text: The first non-Dutch immigrants to the Cape, the Huguenots, arrived in 1688. The Huguenots had fled from anti-Protestant persecution in Catholic France to the Netherlands, where the VOC offered them free passage to the Cape as well as farmland. The Huguenots brought important experience in wine production to the Cape, greatly bolstering the industry, as well as providing strong cultural roots.

text: The 1700s[edit]

text: By 1754, the population of the settlement on the Cape had reached 5,510 Europeans and 6,729 slaves. But by 1780, France and Great Britain went to war against each other. The Netherlands entered the war on the French side, and thus a small garrison of French troops were sent to the Cape to protect it against the British. These troops, however, left by 1784. By 1795, however, the Netherlands was invaded by France and the VOC was in complete financial ruin. The Prince of Orange fled to England for protection, which allowed for the establishment of the Dutch Batavian Republic. Due to the long time it took to send and receive news from Europe, the Cape Commissioner of the time knew only that the French had been taking territory in the Netherlands and that the Dutch could change sides in the war at any moment. British forces arrived at the Cape bearing a letter from the Prince of Orange asking the Commissioner to allow the British troops to protect the Cape from France until the war. The British informed the Commissioner that the Prince had fled to England. The reaction in the Cape Council was mixed, and eventually the British successfully invaded the Cape in the Battle of Muizenberg. The British immediately announced the beginning of free trade.

text: As elsewhere in Africa and other parts of the world, trading in slaves was a significant activity. A notable event was the mutiny, in 1766, of the slaves on the slaver ship Meermin.[12][13]

text: The 1800 and 1900s[edit]

text: Under the terms of a peace agreement between Britain and France, the Cape was returned to the Dutch in 1802. Three years later, however, the war resumed and the British returned their garrison to the Cape after defeating Dutch forces at the Battle of Blaauwberg (1806).[14] This period saw major developments for the city, and can be said to be the start of Cape Town as a city in its own right. Taps and iron pipes were installed along major streets in the city. The native inhabitants were forced to declare a fixed residence and were not permitted to move between regions without written permission. The war between France and England ended in 1814 with a British victory. The British drew up a complex treaty whereby pieces of real estate were exchanged for money by various countries. The Cape was permanently taken from the Dutch by the British in return for a large sum of money. In this period, the British saw the control of the Cape as key to their ability to maintain their command in India. The Dutch government was too impoverished and depleted to argue, and agreed with the condition that they be allowed to continue to use the Cape for repairs and refreshment.

text: The vagrancy and pass laws of 1809 were repealed in 1829. Thus, the Hottentots, in theory, were equal with the Europeans. As in the rest of the British Empire, slaves – estimated to be around 39,000 in number – were emancipated in 1834. This led to the establishment of the Bo-Kaap by a Muslim community after being freed. The Cape Town Legislative Council was also established in the same year. One of the most momentous events in South African history, the Great Trek (Afrikaans: die Groot Trek), began in 1836. About 10,000 Dutch families, for various reasons, left for the north in search of new land, thereby opening up the interior of the country. Further political development occurred in 1840 when the Cape Town Municipality was formed. At its inception, the population stood at 20,016, of which 10,560 were white.

text: Ensuing political developments now saw gradual moves towards greater independence from Britain and towards a degree of political inclusiveness. In 1854, the Cape Colony elected its first parliament, on the basis of the multiracial Cape Qualified Franchise, whereby suffrage qualifications applied universally, regardless of race. After a long political struggle, this was followed by responsible government in 1872, when the Cape won the right to elect its own locally-accountable executive and Prime Minister. A period of strong economic growth and social development ensued, with a rapid expansion of the Cape Government Railways and other infrastructure, connecting Cape Town to the Cape's vast interior.[15]

text: The discovery and subsequent exploitation of diamonds and gold in the former Transvaal region in the central highveld in the 1870s and 1880s led to rapid change in Cape Town, as well as in Cape Colony as a whole. In particular, the rise to power of the ambitious colonialist Cecil Rhodes, fueled by the new diamond industry, led to great instability. On becoming the Cape's new Prime Minister, he restricted the multiracial Cape franchise, and instigated a rapid expansion of British influence into the hinterland. A rise in inter-ethnic tensions ensued, followed by the Anglo-Boer War.[16]

text:
As the city of Johannesburg grew from the gold fields, Cape Town lost its position as the single dominant city in the region, but, as the primary port, it nonetheless benefitted from the increased trade to the region. The mineral wealth generated in this period laid the foundation for an industrialised society.
This period marked the first incident of segregation in the city. Following an outbreak of bubonic plague which was blamed on the native Africans, the natives were moved to two locations outside of the city, one of which was near the docks and the other at Ndabeni, about six km east of the city.

text: The apartheid years[edit]

text: The latter settlement was the start of what would later develop into the townships of the Cape Flats. In 1948, the National Party stood for election on its policy of racial segregation, later known as apartheid. After a series of bitter court and constitutional battles, the already limited voting rights of the Coloured community in Cape Province were revoked. In 1966, the once-vibrant District Six area was bulldozed and declared a white-only area.[17] This and many similar declarations under the Group Areas Act resulted in whole communities being uprooted and relocated to the Cape Flats.

text: Under apartheid, the Cape was considered a "Coloured labour preference area", to the exclusion of Black Africans. The government tried for decades to remove largely Xhosa squatter camps, such as Crossroads, which were the focal point for black resistance in the Cape area to the policies of apartheid. In the last forced removal, between May and June 1986, an estimated 70,000 people were expelled from their homes.

text: Recent times[edit]

text: Hours after being released from prison on 11 February 1990, Nelson Mandela made his first public speech in decades from the balcony of the Cape Town City Hall, heralding the beginning of a new era for South Africa.

text: In late August 1998, a terrorist explosion rocked the city's packed Planet Hollywood restaurant, killing one and injuring dozens.[18]

text: Water Crisis[edit]

text: Beginning in 2015, Cape Town entered a drought that lasted into 2018. The city was projected to run out of water, but a combination of rainfall and savings by residents averted this scenario.[19]


document_title: List of countries where Spanish is an official language

question_text: the following country has largest spanish speaking population

text: Official or national language[edit]

text: Spanish is the majority language in 20 sovereign states and several dependent territories, totaling around 440 million people.[1] It is additionally the main official language in Equatorial Guinea.

text: In these countries and territories, Spanish is the main or mostly used language of communication of the vast majority of the population; official documents are written chiefly or solely in that language; and it is taught in schools and utilized as the primary medium of instruction as part of the official curriculum.

text:
Country/Territory
Status
Population
(2014)[2]
Regulatory body
More information

 Mexico
De facto[3]
120,286,655
Academia Mexicana de la Lengua
Mexican Spanish

 Colombia
De jure[4]
48,400,388
Academia Colombiana de la Lengua
Colombian Spanish

 Spaina
De jure[5]
47,737,941
Real Academia Española
Peninsular Spanish

 Argentina
De facto[6]
43,024,374
Academia Argentina de Letras
Rioplatense Spanish

 Perub
De jure[7]
30,147,935
Academia Peruana de la Lengua
Peruvian Coast Spanish

 Venezuela
De jure[8]
28,868,486
Academia Venezolana de la Lengua
Venezuelan Spanish

 Chile
De facto[9]
17,363,894
Academia Chilena de la Lengua
Chilean Spanish

 Ecuadorc
De jure[10]
15,654,411
Academia Ecuatoriana de la Lengua
Ecuadorian Spanish

 Guatemala
De jure[11]
14,647,083
Academia Guatemalteca de la Lengua
Guatemalan Spanish

 Cuba
De jure[12]
11,047,251
Academia Cubana de la Lengua
Cuban Spanish

 Boliviad
De jure[13]
10,631,486
Academia Boliviana de la Lengua
Bolivian Spanish

 Dominican Republic
De jure[14]
10,349,741
Academia Dominicana de la Lengua
Dominican Spanish

 Honduras
De jure[15]
8,598,561
Academia Hondureña de la Lengua
Honduran Spanish

 Paraguaye
De jure[16]
6,703,860
Academia Paraguaya de la Lengua Española
Paraguayan Spanish

 El Salvador
De jure[17]
6,125,512
Academia Salvadoreña de la Lengua
Salvadoran Spanish

 Nicaragua
De facto[18]
5,848,641
Academia Nicaragüense de la Lengua
Nicaraguan Spanish

 Costa Rica
De jure[19]
4,755,234
Academia Costarricense de la Lengua
Costa Rican Spanish

 Puerto Ricof
De jure[20]
3,620,897
Academia Puertorriqueña de la Lengua Española
Puerto Rican Spanish

 Panama
De jure[21]
3,608,431
Academia Panameña de la Lengua
Panamanian Spanish

 Uruguay
De facto[22]
3,332,972
Academia Nacional de Letras
Uruguayan Spanish

 Equatorial Guineag
De jure[23]
1,722,254
Academia Ecuatoguineana de la Lengua Española
Equatoguinean Spanish

Total

541,302,353
Association of Spanish Language Academies

tag: table

text: a In Spain, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level, while the languages of Basque, Catalan/Valencian, and Galician are co-official alongside Spanish in certain regions.

text: b In Peru, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level while Quechua and Aymara hold co-official status in selected regions.

text: c In Ecuador, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level while the Kichwa (Northern Quechua) and Shuar languages hold co-official status in selected regions.

text: d In Bolivia, the national constitution recognizes Spanish and various indigenous languages of Bolivia as official at the national level, though Spanish is predominant nationwide.

text: e In Paraguay, Spanish and the indigenous Guaraní are recognized as co-official at the national level and both are widely used in society.

text: f Puerto Rico is an unincorporated territory of the U.S. where Spanish and English are the official languages and Spanish is the primary language.[20]

text: g In Equatorial Guinea, the Spanish, French, and Portuguese languages all hold official status at the national level, though Spanish is the primary language in the public sphere while Fang, Bube, Kombe, and other Bantu languages, as well as an English-based creole, are used at home and family settings. See Equatorial Guinea#Languages.

text: Significant minority language[edit]

text: Though not an official language at the national level, Spanish is regularly spoken by significant minority populations in each of the nations and territories noted below. In each, public services and information are widely available in Spanish, as are various forms of printed and broadcast media.

text:
Country
Population
(2014)[2]
Total speakers
Percentage Spanish-speaking

 Andorra
85,458
29,907
35%

 Belize
340,844
106,795
30%

 Gibraltar
29,185
23,857
81%

 United States
318,892,103
52,000,000
23%

text: Andorra[edit]

text: The Spanish language is not official but also holds a special status (in the education system, the media, and some official documents) in the Principality of Andorra which share land borders with Spain.[24]

text: Belize[edit]

text: Spanish has no official recognition in the Central American nation of Belize, a Commonwealth realm where English is the official national language. However, the country shares land borders with Spanish-speaking Mexico and Guatemala and, per the 2010 Belizean census, Spanish is spoken by a sizable portion of the population; 30% claim Spanish as a mother tongue and about 50% of the population has working knowledge of the language.[25]

text: Gibraltar[edit]

text: The Spanish language is not official but also holds a special status (in the education system, the media, and some official documents) in the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar, which share land borders with Spain.[26]

text: United States[edit]

text: Spanish has been spoken in the United States for several centuries in the Southwest and Florida, which were all once part of New Spain. However, today only a tiny minority of Spanish speakers in the US trace their language back to those times; the overwhelming majority of speakers come from recent immigration. Only in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado has Spanish maintained speaking communities uninterruptedly since colonial times. [27] Spanish is the most studied foreign language in United States schools and is spoken as a native tongue by 41 million people, plus an additional 11 million fluent second-language speakers.[28] Though not official, Spanish has a special status for education in the U.S. state of New Mexico. [29] With over 50 million native speakers and second language speakers, the United States now has the second largest Spanish-speaking population in the world after Mexico.[30] Spanish is increasingly used alongside English nationwide in business and politics. In the United States, the language is regulated by the North American Academy of the Spanish Language.

text: Historical language[edit]

text: Philippines[edit]

text: Spanish was an official language of the Philippines from the beginning of the Hispanic period in 1565 and through independence until a constitutional change in 1973. However, President Ferdinand Marcos had Spanish redesigned as an official language under Presidential Decree No. 156, dated 15 March 1973 and Spanish remained official until 1987, when it was re-designated as a voluntary and optional auxiliary language.[31]

text: On 8 August 2007, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo announced that the Philippine government asked help from the Spanish Government in her plan to reintroduce Spanish as a required subject in the Philippine school system.[32] By 2012, the language was a compulsory subject at only a very select number of secondary schools.[33] In spite of government promotion of Spanish, less than 0.5% of the population are able to speak Spanish at least proficiently.[34]

text: While Spanish is designated as an optional government language in the Philippines, its usage is very limited and not present in everyday life.[35] In the country, Spanish is regulated by the Philippine Academy of the Spanish Language.

text: Western Sahara[edit]

text: Spanish is a secondary official language, alongside Arabic, in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, a former Spanish colony and now a partially recognized state, most of whose territory is occupied by Morocco. Spanish is not a native language in that country.[36][37]

text: Creole languages[edit]

text: There are a number of Spanish-based creole languages. Chavacano is spoken in Zamboanga City in the Philippines and is a regional language.[38] Papiamento is the official language in Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao; it has been classified as either a Spanish-based or a Portuguese-based creole.[39][40]

text: Chamorro is an Austronesian language with many Spanish loanwords; some scholars have considered it a creole, but the most authoritative sources deny this. [41]

text:
Country
Creole language
Estimated speakers[42]
Year
Status

 Aruba
Papiamento
~100,000[43]
N/A
Official.[44]

 Caribbean Netherlands
Papiamento
–
–
Official.[45]

 Curaçao
Papiamento
185,155[46]
1981
Official.[47]

 Philippines
Chavacano
689,000[46]
1992
Regional.[38]

text: Judeo-Spanish[edit]

text: Judaeo-Spanish (sometimes known as Ladino or other names) is a language derived from medieval Spanish; it is still spoken by some Sephardi Jews, mainly in Israel.[48]

text: International organizations[edit]

text:
United Nations (UN)
European Union (EU)
Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
African Union (AU)
Central American Integration System (SICA)
Latin American Parliament (Parlatino)
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC)
Organization of American States (OAS)
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
Organization of Ibero-American States (OEI)
World Trade Organization (WTO)
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Mercosur
Andean Community of Nations (CAN)
Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
Latin American Integration Association (ALADI)
Antarctic Treaty Secretariat (ATS)
International Labour Organization (ILO)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
Latin Union
Pacific Alliance
Interpol
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA)

tag: ul


document_title: The Great British Bake Off

question_text: who won season 1 of great british bake off

text: The Great British Bake Off

text: Format[edit]

text: The programme operates on a weekly elimination process to find the best all-around baker from the contestants, who are all amateurs. The applicants to the show are assessed by a researcher, followed by an audition in London with two of their bakes. They then undergo a screen test and an interview with a producer. A second audition involves the applicants baking two recipes for the judges in front of the cameras.[5] Ten contestants were chosen for the first series, twelve for the following two series, thirteen for the fourth, and back to twelve from series five onwards.

text: In each episode, the amateur bakers are given three challenges: a signature bake, a technical challenge, and a show-stopper.[5] The three challenges take place over two days, and the filming takes up to 16 hours a day. The contestants are assessed by the judges who then choose a "Star Baker" for the week (introduced in series 2), and a contestant is also eliminated. In the final round, three bakers are left and a winner is chosen from the three.

text: In the first series, the location of the cast and crew moves from town to town each week, but starting from the second series, the competition is held in one location in a specially constructed marquee. Interspersed in the programme are the background of the contestants as well as video vignettes on the history of baking. What each baker intends to bake during a particular challenge is illustrated using animated graphics. These graphics have been created by illustrator Tom Hovey since the show's inception in 2010.[6][7]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Premiere
Finale
Winner
Runners-up
Average UK viewers
(millions)[8][9]
Timeslot
Channel

1
6
17 August 2010
21 September 2010
Edd Kimber
Miranda Gore Browne
2.77
Tuesday
8:00 pm
BBC Two

Ruth Clemens

2
8
14 August 2011
4 October 2011
Joanne Wheatley
Holly Bell
4.00

Mary-Anne Boermans

3
10
14 August 2012
16 October 2012
John Whaite
Brendan Lynch
5.00

James Morton

4
10
20 August 2013
22 October 2013
Frances Quinn
Kimberley Wilson
7.35

Ruby Tandoh

5
10
6 August 2014
8 October 2014
Nancy Birtwhistle
Luis Troyano
10.04
Wednesday
8:00 pm
BBC One

Richard Burr

6
10
5 August 2015
7 October 2015
Nadiya Hussain
Ian Cumming
12.50

Tamal Ray

7
10
24 August 2016
26 October 2016
Candice Brown
Andrew Smyth
13.85

Jane Beedle

8
10[10]
29 August 2017[10]

Tuesday
8:00 pm[11]
Channel 4

text: Series 1 (2010)[edit]

text: Series 1 of The Great British Bake Off saw ten home bakers take part in a bake-off to test their baking skills as they battled to be crowned the Great British Bake Off's best amateur baker. Each week the nationwide tour saw the bakers put through three challenges in a particular discipline. The rounds took place in various locations across the UK, with the final round being held at Fulham Palace, London.

text: The three finalists were Ruth Clemens, Miranda Gore Browne, and Edd Kimber. On 21 September 2010, Edd Kimber was crowned the best amateur baker.[12]

text: Series 2 (2011)[edit]

text: The number of amateur baker contestants increased to twelve for the second series. Unlike Series 1, this year The Great British Bake Off stayed in one location – Valentines Mansion, a 17th-century mansion house in Redbridge, London.

text: All the Series 2 finalists were female: Holly Bell, Mary-Anne Boermans, and the winning contestant Joanne Wheatley.[13]

text: Series 3 (2012)[edit]

text: A third series of The Great British Bake Off began on 14 August 2012.[14] The series was filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset.

text: In contrast to Season 2, there was an all-male final. The finalists were Brendan Lynch, James Morton and John Whaite,[15] who won the final in a surprise result.[16]

text: Series 4 (2013)[edit]

text: The fourth series of The Great British Bake Off started on 20 August 2013 on BBC Two. The series was again filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset.[17] The all-female final was won by Frances Quinn, with Ruby Tandoh and Kimberley Wilson as runners up.[18]

text: Series 5 (2014)[edit]

text: The fifth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 6 August 2014 on BBC One. This series was filmed at Welford Park in Berkshire.[19] There were twelve bakers taking part. Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges, whilst Sue Perkins and Mel Giedroyc continued to present the series. Richard Burr was awarded the largest number of star baker designations of any series so far, but was beaten by Nancy Birtwhistle in the final.

text: A spin-off show The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice, hosted by comedian Jo Brand on BBC Two, was also launched as a companion series this year. Each episode was broadcast two days after the main show but later moved to the same night. The show includes interviews with eliminated contestants.[20]

text: Series 6 (2015)[edit]

text: The sixth series began on 5 August 2015[21] on BBC One, again from Welford Park in Berkshire. Spin-off show The Great British Bake Off: An Extra Slice returned for a second series, with Jo Brand as host. This series was won by Nadiya Hussain, with Ian Cumming and Tamal Ray as runners up.[22]

text: Series 7 (2016)[edit]

text: The seventh series began on 24 August 2016 on BBC One, once again from Welford Park in Berkshire, a later than usual start following the BBC's coverage of the Olympic Games.[23] This series was won by Candice Brown, with Jane Beedle and Andrew Smyth as runners up.

text: Series 8 (2017)[edit]

text: The eighth series of The Great British Bake Off began airing on 29 August 2017.[10] This is the first series of The Great British Bake Off to be broadcast on Channel 4 following its move from the BBC.[24] The series features new hosts Noel Fielding and Sandi Toksvig, and new judge Prue Leith along with returning judge Paul Hollywood.

text: Incomplete bakes and other incidents[edit]

text: As of the sixth series, there have been three incomplete bakes.

text:
In Series 2, Robert Billington accidentally dropped his tiered showstopper while applying finishing touches to the cake. Both judges and presenters came to his aid to salvage the bottom tier of his cake. He was able to present the incomplete showstopper as a single-tiered cake.
In Series 3, John Whaite was unable to complete his bake after he suffered a severe cut to his finger on the food processor. He tried to continue working on his strudel wearing a rubber glove, but the bleeding required medical attention and he therefore had to abandon the last bake. As a result, no one was eliminated that week.[25]
In Series 4, contestant Deborah accidentally used Howard's custard instead of her own. As a result, Howard was forced to use Deborah's custard, and this was taken into account by the judges.[26]
In Series 5, during the Baked Alaska challenge, Iain Watters' ice cream melted for reasons that were not entirely clear, although the editing of the show suggested that it had been caused by another contestant's actions. He threw his ice cream into the bin in frustration and left the tent. He returned shortly after, and as he had no cake for judging (he produced his bin instead, and the incident was labelled "bingate"), he was eliminated from the competition. The event that led to his departure provoked some anger from the viewers.[27]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The early reviews for the first series were mixed. Lucy Mangan of The Guardian wondered if "competitive baking [is] a contradiction in terms" and found the proceedings humourless.[28] Iain Hollingshead of The Daily Telegraph was scathing, describing the presenters as "annoying", the judge Paul Hollywood as looking "sinister without being interesting", and that the audience would be so bored that they "could certainly forgive the cameraman if he were to commit hara-kiri in a giant pool of egg and flour."[29]

text: However, reviews from the later series were more positive. Andrew Collins of The Guardian called it "the nicest show on television" and judged it the best TV programme of 2012.[30][31] Rachel Ward of The Daily Telegraph thought the programme "had just the right consistency of mouth-watering morsels, good humour, and fascinating history",[32] while Tom Sutcliffe of The Independent considered the contest "perfectly baked".[33]

text: Bake Off was moved to Channel 4 in 2017, and reviews of the programme on the channel were largely positive, although a few felt that it did not compare well to the BBC version.[34][35][36] Mark Lawson of The Guardian described the programme on Channel 4 as "both exactly the same but also just subtly different enough", and that "only someone desperate to dislike the re-plated show could argued that [it] has soured, spoiled or binned its recipe".[37] Michael Hogan of The Telegraph thought that while "Mary, Mel and Sue might be gone but the show’s recipe remains as winning as ever. The four Cs – chemistry, camaraderie, comedy, cakes – were all present and correct."[38] Anna Leszkiewicz of the New Statesman however considered that while the format had been left largely unchanged and the contestants "irresistibly likeable", "every single change to the show has been for the worse".[35]

text: Cultural impact[edit]

text: The show has become a significant part of British culture and is credited with spurring an interest in home baking, with supermarkets and department stores in the UK reporting sharp rises in sales of baking ingredients and accessories.[39][40] It was also credited with reviving the Women's Institute, whose membership reached its highest level since the 1970s.[41] The show also boosted the sales of bakery books and the number of baking clubs, and independent bakeries also showed an increase. According to one analyst, more than three fifths of adults have baked at home at least once in 2013 compared with only a third in 2011.[42]

text: TV ratings[edit]

text: The first series of The Great British Bake Off premiered in August 2010 with moderate ratings of just over 2 million viewers for its first episode.[43] This was enough to place it in BBC Two's top ten for that week, and over the series the audience grew to over three million, with the semi-final and final both achieving first place in BBC Two's weekly ratings. During the second series, the ratings gradually increased, and it became a surprise hit with nearly 4 million watching each episode.[44] Week two was the last time that the show was out-rated by another BBC Two programme in the same week (it came second to the drama Page Eight); from then until the show's move to BBC One, every competition episode would be the channel's number one rated programme of the week. By its final episode it had averaged 4.56 million viewers, peaking at 5.1 million in its last 15 minutes.[45]

text: The ratings continued to strengthen in the third series, and the show began to beat its competition in its timeslot.[46] The final of the series where John Whaite was crowned the winner saw its highest rating yet, with an average of 6.5 million viewers that peaked at 7.2 million, which made it the second highest-rated BBC Two-originated show after Top Gear since at least 2006.[47][48] The fourth series achieved some of the highest ratings seen on BBC Two. The viewer count for its premiere episode was more than two million higher than that of the previous series,[49] while the final episode was seen by 9.1 million viewers at its peak, more than twice the number of viewers on BBC One and ITV.[50] The final episode is the most-watched show on BBC Two since the present ratings system was introduced in 2002, beating the previous record set by Top Gear.[51] As a result of its high ratings, the show was moved to BBC One.[52]

text: After its move to BBC One, the opening episode was watched by over 7 million viewers according to overnight figures, beating the figure of 5.6 million for the opening episode of the previous year.[53] A "sabotage" controversy surrounding episode four helped the show gain its biggest ever audience of 10.3 million viewers, with 2 million people who watched it on BBC iPlayer.[54] The final of the show gained an overnight viewing figure of 12.29 million, then the highest viewing figure of the year for a non-sporting event on UK TV.[55] In the following year, the top ten ratings for 2015 was also dominated by The Great British Bake Off, with seven of the year's ten most-watched television programmes being episodes of the show, topped by the final episode with 15.05 million viewers.[56] In the last series on the BBC in 2016, nine of the top ten most-watched programmes of the year were episodes of the show, with 16.03 million viewers watching the finale.[57]

text: The first series broadcast by Channel 4 opened with average viewing figures of 5.8 million, rising to 6.5 million to include those watching on Channel 4+1. Although this was the lowest figure for an opening episode since 2013, it was Channel 4's biggest overnight audience since the Opening Ceremony of the 2012 Paralympics.[58] The 7-day rating for the episode was 9.46 million.[59]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Product placement sanction[edit]

text: In September 2012, production company Love Productions was sanctioned by the BBC for product placement of Smeg fridges. The issue came to light after a viewer wrote to the Radio Times complaining of "blatant product promotion". After an investigation, the BBC said Love Production's loan agreement with Smeg did not meet editorial guidelines and was being revised for the third series, and that appropriate retrospective hire payments would be made.[60] The BBC asked Smeg to remove a notice from its website promoting its association with the show, which it has since done.[61]

text: Favouritism[edit]

text: During the fourth series, there were accusations of favouritism towards female contestants after the last man Glenn Cosby was eliminated from the show;[62] however, similar claims were not made the previous year over the all-male final, or even the year before, when there was also an all-female quarter-final. The fourth series also suffered allegations of Paul Hollywood's favouritism towards Ruby Tandoh,[63][64] and personal attacks on Tandoh by various people including the chef Raymond Blanc.[65][66][67] Both Paul Hollywood and Ruby Tandoh denied the accusation.[68][69]

text: Baked Alaska controversy ("Bingate")[edit]

text: In the fourth episode of the fifth series, there was controversy around the elimination of contestant Iain Watters. During the final showstopper round contestants were tasked with producing a Baked Alaska. Iain's ice cream was shown as having not set and in a show of frustration he threw his bake in the bin. The editing of the show suggested that another contestant, Diana Beard, had caused the failure by removing the ice cream from a freezer, and the perceived "sabotage" resulted in a furore on social media networks.[70] However, unseen footage broadcast in the accompanying programme An Extra Slice shows Luis holding the large floor freezer that contained Iain's ice cream open as he piped the sides of his own baked Alaska, while Mel warns him to pipe quickly and close the freezer. Later in the episode, when Iain removes his ice cream to begin the next step of his dish, it is still quite soft, indicating it went into the freezer he shared with Diana without being completely frozen. Various members of the cast posted comments in support of Diana[71] and a BBC spokesman later issued a statement that "Diana removing Iain's ice cream from the freezer for less than a minute was in no way responsible for Iain's departure."[72]

text: More than 800 complaints were lodged with the BBC over the incident and some also complained to the communication watchdog Ofcom.[73]

text: Use of innuendo[edit]

text: A number of viewers complained to the BBC feedback show Points of View in the fifth series about the "constant smutty remarks" from the presenters Mel and Sue.[74][75] This series was seen as having more innuendos than previous ones; some reviewers noted the "extra pinch of saucy spice" and "the increasingly filthy-minded hosts Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins",[76][77][78] while the Daily Mail argued that the "smutty" innuendos made the show no longer fit for family entertainment.[79] The series 3 winner John Whaite however argued that innuendo is part of what made the show a success,[80] whilst judge Paul Hollywood described the innuendos as banter in the spirit of the Carry On films and is a part of British culture,[81] a view shared by others.[82][83]

text: Clones, legal challenges and move to Channel 4[edit]

text: The success of The Great British Bake Off led to the BBC commissioning many other series closely following the format from Love Productions for example The Great British Sewing Bee and The Great Pottery Throw Down. However the 2014 series Hair using the same format was produced in house by the BBC, Love Productions responded by making preparations to sue the BBC for infringing their copyright.[84][85] Although the matter was kept quiet, with the BBC settling out of court and compensating Love Productions,[84][85] the matter soured relations between the BBC and Love Productions.[85] In September 2016, it was announced that the BBC had lost the broadcast rights of the show to Channel 4.[86] Channel 4 offered £25 million for the show outbidding the £15 million offered by the BBC.[86] In January 2017 the BBC waived its rights to keep the program off the air until 2018, and wished the programme "well for the future".[87]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The Great British Bake Off was nominated for a Rose d'Or in the Lifestyle section of the 2012 competition and won.[88][89] The programme has been nominated a number of times in various categories for the BAFTA awards and won in 2012, 2013, and 2016.[90][91] It also won two 2015 National Television Award for Skills Challenge Show.[92]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Results
Ref.

2012
Rose d'Or
Lifestyle
The Great British Bake Off
Won
[93]

BAFTA TV Awards
Features
Anna Beattie, Andy Devonshire, Simon Evans, Richard McKerrow
Won
[94]

YouTube Audience Award
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[90]

2013
Features
Anna Beattie, Kieran Smith, Amanda Westwood, Scott Tankard
Won
[95]

Radio Times Audience Award
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[95]

National Television Award
Factual Entertainment
Nominated
[96]

2014
BAFTA TV Awards
Features
Anna Beattie, Amanda Westwood, Samantha Beddoes, Simon Evans
Nominated
[97]

National Television Award
Factual Entertainment
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[98]

2015
BAFTA TV Awards
Features
Anna Beattie, Samantha Beddoes, Andy Devonshire, Simon Evans
Nominated
[99]

Radio Times Audience Award
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[100]

National Television Award
Skills Challenge Show
Won
[101]

2016
National Television Award
Challenge Show
Won
[101]

BAFTA
Features
The Great British Bake Off production team
Won
[102]

Radio Times audience award
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[102]

2017
National Television Award
Challenge Show
The Great British Bake Off
Nominated
[103]

TV judge
Mary Berry
Won
[104]

BAFTA
Features
The Great British Bake Off production team
Nominated
[105]

text: International broadcast and versions[edit]

text: The UK version of The Great British Bake Off is broadcast in many countries and it has been sold to 196 territories as of 2015.[106] The format has also been sold to 20 territories by 2015, making it the third most successful BBC format after Dancing with the Stars (Strictly Come Dancing) and The Weakest Link.[107] Many of these shows have been successful.[108][109] The Junior Bake Off format has also been sold to Thailand.[110]

text: Beginning in 2014, the US broadcaster PBS has aired several series of the show under the name The Great British Baking Show.[111] The change of name was necessary due to the fact that "Bake-Off" is a registered trademark of Pillsbury in the United States. The fifth series was broadcast as Season 1 in Winter 2014–2015;[112] the fourth series was then broadcast as Season 2 in Fall 2015,[113] and the sixth series was broadcast as Season 3 in Summer 2016.

text: The CBC began broadcasting The Great British Bake Off in Canada in August 2017, starting with the seventh series and also with the Great British Baking Show title.[114]

text: International versions[edit]

text: Current and upcoming versions include:[115]

text: Legend:      Airing or in production        No longer airing

text:
Country
Local title
Host(s)
Judges
Channel
Premiere

 Australia
The Great Australian Bake Off
Shane Jacobson
Anna Gare[116]
Dan Lepard
Kerry Vincent
Nine Network[117]
9 July 2013

Claire Hooper
Mel Buttle
Maggie Beer
Matt Moran[118]
LifeStyle Food
13 October 2015

 Belgium
De MeesterBakker
(The Master Baker)
Rani De Coninck
Sofie Dumont
Bernard Proot
vtm
4 April 2012

 Brazil
Bake Off Brasil
Carolina Fiorentino (2017–)
Ticiana Villas Boas (2015–16)
Fabrizio Fasano Jr.
Beca Milano (2017–)
Carolina Fiorentino (2015–16)
SBT
26 July 2015

 Bulgaria
Bake Off: Най-сладкото състезание
(Bake Off: The Sweetest Competition)
Aleksandra Raeva
Raffi Bohosyan
Julia Pandzherova
Yuri Baltaliyski
Nova TV
15 November 2016

 Canada
The Great Canadian Baking Show
Daniel Levy
Julia Chan
Bruno Feldeisen
Rochelle Adonis
CBC
1 November 2017

 Denmark
Den Store Bagedyst
(The Great Baking Contest)
Timm Vladimir
Mette Blomsterberg
Jan Friis-Mikkelsen
DR1
28 August 2012[119]

 Estonia
Eesti parim pagar[120]
Kristjan Rabi (2015)
Indrek Vaheoja (2015)
Alari Kivisaar
Angeelika Kang
Ants Uustalu
TV3
31 August 2015

 Finland
Koko Suomi leipoo[121]
(The whole of Finland bakes)
Anne Kukkohovi
Mika Parviainen
Sami Granroth
MTV3[122]
24 September 2013

 France
Le Meilleur Pâtissier[123][124]
(The Best Baker)
Faustine Bollaert
Cyril Lignac
Jacqueline Mercorelli
M6[125]
RTL-TVI (Belgium)
26 November 2012

 Germany
Das große Backen
(The great Bake)
Britt Hagedorn (2013)
Meltem Kaptan (2013)
Enie van de Meiklokjes (2014-2016)
Annika Lau (2017)
Christian Hümbs
Enie van de Meiklokjes (2013)
Andrea Schirmaier-Huber (2013-2014)
Betty Schliephake-Burchardt (2015-2017)
Sat.1
1 December 2013

 Ireland
The Great Irish Bake Off
Anna Nolan[126]
Biddy White Lennon
Paul Kelly[127]
TV3
19 September 2013

 Italy
Bake Off Italia - Dolci in forno[128]
(Bake Off Italy – Sweets in the oven)
Benedetta Parodi
Ernst Knam
Clelia d'Onofrio
Real Time[129]
November 2013

 Israel
בייק אוף ישראל[130]
(Bake Off Israel)
Paula Rosenberg
Aya Kremerman
Ran Shmueli
Oded Brenner
Carine Goren
Channel 2
9 April 2016

 Netherlands
Heel Holland Bakt
(All of Holland bakes)
Martine Bijl[131]
(2013–15)
André van Duin
(2016–present)
Robèrt van Beckhoven
Janny van der Heijden
MAX (NPO 1)
5 June 2013[132]

 Norway
Hele Norge Baker
(All of Norway Bakes)
Line Verndal
Pascal Dupuy
Øyvind Lofthus[133]
TV3[134]
10 March 2013[135]

 Poland
Bake Off – Ale Ciacho!
(Bake Off – What A Cake!)
Anna Gacek
Paulina Mikuła[136]
Krzysztof Ilnicki
Gosia Molska[137]
TVP2
5 September 2016[138]

 Portugal
Best Bakery – A Melhor Pastelaria de Portugal
(Best Bakery – The Best Pastry in Portugal)
Ana Guiomar
Luca Arguelles
Telmo Moutinho
SIC
3 October 2016

 Romania
Bake Off Romania[139]
Nicolle Stanese[140]
Alex Stan
Simona Pope
Tudor Constantinescu
Pro TV
29 February 2016[141]

 South Africa
The Great South African Bake Off[142]
Anne Hirsch
Lentswe Bhengu
Shirley Guy
Tjaart Walraven
BBC Lifestyle
8 October 2015

 Sweden
Hela Sverige bakar[143]
(All of Sweden Bakes)
Tilde de Paula
Johan Sörberg
Birgitta Rasmussen
TV4 (Sjuan)
20 September 2012

Hela kändis-Sverige bakar[144]
(Celebrity All of Sweden Bakes)
11 November 2014

 Turkey
Ver Fırına
Burcu Esmersoy
Arda Türkmen
Emel Başdoğan
TV8[145]
20 October 2014[146]

 Ukraine
Великий пекарський турнір
(Great Bakers Tournament)
Yuri Gorbunov[147]
Serge Markovic
Catherine Ahronik
Olga Ganushchak
1+1[148]
1 September 2013[149]

 United States
The American Baking Competition[150][151]
Jeff Foxworthy
Marcela Valladolid
Paul Hollywood
CBS[152]
29 May 2013[153]

 United States
The Great American Baking Show (formerly called The Great Holiday Baking Show)[154]
Nia Vardalos
Ian Gomez
Mary Berry
Johnny Iuzzini
ABC
30 November 2015 (as The Great Holiday Baking Show)[155][156]

text: The Great Sport Relief Bake Off[edit]

text:
The Great Sport Relief Bake Off

Genre

Cooking
Baking

Presented by

Mel Giedroyc
Jennifer Saunders (2016)
Ed Byrne (2014, 2016)
Sarah Millican (2016)
Sue Perkins (2014)
Jo Brand (2014)
Omid Djalili (2014)

Judges

Mary Berry
Paul Hollywood

Country of origin
United Kingdom

Original language(s)
English

No. of series
3

No. of episodes
12

Production

Running time
60 minutes

Production company(s)
Love Productions

Release

Original network
BBC Two (2012–2013)
BBC One (2014–2016)

Picture format
16:9

Original release
10 January 2012 (2012-01-10) – 23 February 2016 (2016-02-23)

Website
thegreatbritishbakeoff.co.uk

text: Episode viewing figures from BARB.[157]

text: Series 1 (2012)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Traybake
Wholemeal Cheese Scones
Meringue Dessert
Angela Griffin
10 January 2012 (2012-01-10)
3.52

James Wong

Joe Swift

Sarah Hadland

2
Savoury Flan
Banana & Chocolate Chip Loaves
Layered Cake
Arlene Phillips
11 January 2012 (2012-01-11)
2.79

Fi Glover

Gus Casely-Hayford

Saira Khan

3
Classic Crumble
Coffee & Walnut Cake
24 Miniature Tarts
Alex Deakin
12 January 2012 (2012-01-12)
2.56

Alex Langlands

Anita Rani

Pearl Lowe

4
Trio of Baked Biscuits
6 Sausage Rolls
Covered Tiered Occasion Cake
Angela Griffin
13 January 2012 (2012-01-13)
3.43

Anita Rani

Fi Glover

text: Series 2 (2014)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Guest host
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Sue Perkins
12 Sandwich Biscuits
Tarte Tatin
3D Novelty Cake
Bonnie Wright
13 January 2014 (2014-01-13)
4.37

Johnny Vaughan

Michael Vaughan

Samantha Bond

2
Jo Brand
12 Gingerbread Biscuits
Banoffee Pie
Chocolate Cake
Greg Rutherford
14 January 2014 (2014-01-14)
5.07

Jane Horrocks

Jason Gardiner

Kirsty Young

3
Omid Djalili
Traybake
Iced Ring Dougnuts
Layered Cakes
Emma Freud
15 January 2014 (2014-01-15)
5.02

Jamelia[158]

Michael Ball

Victoria Pendleton

4
Ed Byrne
Pizzas
Eccles Cakes
Tiered Cakes
Alistair McGowan
16 January 2014 (2014-01-16)
4.94

Doon Mackichan

Helen Skelton

Rochelle Humes

text: Series 3 (2016)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Guest host
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Mel Giedroyc
Canapés
Paris–Brest
Trophy Cake
David James
27 January 2016 (2016-01-27)
6.03

Jason Manford

Maddy Hill

Samantha Cameron

2
Jennifer Saunders
American Muffins
Football Pie
Tiered Cake
Chris Kamara
3 February 2016 (2016-02-03)
7.44

Ed Balls

Kimberley Walsh

Victoria Coren Mitchell

3
Ed Byrne
Savoury tarts
Chocolate and Beetroot Tray Bake
3D Biscuits
Geri Horner
17 February 2016 (2016-02-17)
7.12

Jermaine Jenas

John Simpson

Louise Redknapp

4
Sarah Millican
Open-top Pie
Salmon Roulade
Cupcakes
Ade Edmondson
24 February 2016 (2016-02-24)
6.74

Alison Steadman

Morgana Robinson

Will Young

text: The Great Comic Relief Bake Off[edit]

text:
The Great Comic Relief Bake Off

Genre

Cooking
Baking

Presented by

Mel Giedroyc (2013, 2015)
Sue Perkins (2015)
Jo Brand (2015)
Ed Byrne (2015)

Judges

Mary Berry
Paul Hollywood

Country of origin
United Kingdom

Original language(s)
English

No. of series
2

No. of episodes
8

Production

Running time
60 minutes

Production company(s)
Love Productions

Release

Original network
BBC Two (2013)
BBC One (2015)

Picture format
16:9

Original release
21 January 2013 (2013-01-21) – 4 March 2015 (2015-03-04)

Website
thegreatbritishbakeoff.co.uk

text: Series 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Shortbread
Custard Slices
Portrait Cake
Jo Brand
21 January 2013 (2013-01-21)
4.17

Stephen K. Amos

Lorna Watson

Ingrid Oliver

2
Iced Biscuits
Bakewell Tart
Gateaux
Warwick Davis
22 January 2013 (2013-01-22)
4.44

Duncan Bannatyne

Simon Reeve

Andy Akinwolere

3
Scones
Chocolate Eclairs
Novelty Cake
Ellie Simmonds
23 January 2013 (2013-01-23)
4.34

Kirsty Wark

Julia Bradbury

Bob Mortimer

4
Chocolate Biscuits
Lemon Meringue Pie
Comic Relief Birthday Cake
Claudia Winkleman
24 January 2013 (2013-01-24)
4.39

Ed Byrne

Martha Kearney

Helen Glover

text: Series 2 (2015)[edit]

text:
Episode No.
Guest host
Signature Challenge
Technical Challenge
Showstopper Challenge
Contestants
Airdate
Viewers
(millions)

1
Sue Perkins
Giant Cookie or Biscuit
12 Mini Fruit Tarts
Tiered Chocolate Cake
Dame Edna Everage
11 February 2015 (2015-02-11)
7.75

Joanna Lumley

Jennifer Saunders

Lulu

2
Mel Giedroyc
24 cupcakes
20 profiteroles
Marble "Building" Cake
Jonathan Ross
18 February 2015 (2015-02-18)
8.39

Zoe Sugg

Gok Wan

Abbey Clancy

3
Jo Brand
24 Shortbread
6 Mini Pork Pies
Triple-tiered Pavlova
Sarah Brown
25 February 2015 (2015-02-25)
7.92

David Mitchell

Michael Sheen

Jameela Jamil

4
Ed Byrne
Tray Bake
12 Crumpets
Vegetable Self Portrait Cake
Alexa Chung
4 March 2015 (2015-03-04)
8.21

Victoria Wood

Chris Moyles

Kayvan Novak


document_title: The Princess and the Frog

question_text: who voiced tiana in the princess and the frog

text: The Princess and the Frog

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1912 New Orleans a seamstress, Eudora, is reading the story of The Frog Prince to her daughter, Tiana, and her friend, Charlotte La Bouff. Charlotte finds the story to be romantic, while Tiana proclaims she will never kiss a frog. Fourteen years later, Tiana has grown into an aspiring young chef who works as a waitress for two local diners, so she can save enough money to start her own restaurant, a dream she shared with her deceased father James.

text: Prince Naveen of Maldonia arrives in New Orleans to better his financial situation. After being cut off by his parents, Naveen intends to marry a rich southern belle, and Charlotte is the perfect candidate. Eli "Big Daddy" La Bouff, a rich sugar baron and Charlotte's father, is hosting a masquerade ball in Naveen's honor. Charlotte hires Tiana to make beignets for the ball, giving her enough money to buy an old sugar mill to convert into her restaurant.

text: Meanwhile, Naveen and his valet, Lawrence, meet Dr. Facilier, a voodoo witch doctor who plans to rule the city of New Orleans. Inviting them into his emporium, Facilier convinces them that he can make their dreams come true, but neither man gets what they are expecting; Naveen is transformed into a frog, while Lawrence is given a voodoo charm that makes him resemble Naveen. Facilier intends for Lawrence to marry Charlotte, after which he will kill Big Daddy and claim his fortune.

text: At the ball, Tiana discovers she may lose the mill to a higher bidder. Tiana then meets Naveen, who, believing her to be a princess because of her costume, asks her to kiss him and break Facilier's spell. In exchange for the money needed, Tiana accepts, but when she kisses Naveen, she is turned into a frog herself. A chase ensues, and Tiana and Naveen escape to a bayou.

text: At the bayou, Tiana and Naveen meet Louis, a trumpet-playing alligator who longs to be human, and Ray, a Cajun firefly who is in love with the morning star, whom he calls Evangeline. Louis and Ray offer to lead Tiana and Naveen to the hoodoo priestess Mama Odie, who they believe can undo the curse. During this time, Tiana and Naveen develop feelings for each other. Meanwhile, Facilier makes a deal with the voodoo spirits, offering them the souls of the people of New Orleans in exchange for finding Naveen.

text: When the four find Mama Odie, she tells them that Naveen must kiss a true princess in order to break the spell. They return to New Orleans to find Charlotte, who is the princess of the Mardi Gras Parade, but only until midnight. Naveen tells Ray he loves Tiana and is willing to give up his dreams for her, but before he can tell her, he is captured by the demons and brought to Facilier.

text: After Ray tells Tiana that Naveen loves her, Tiana goes to the Mardi Gras parade to find a human "Naveen" marrying Charlotte; but Ray rescues the real Naveen and steals the charm that disguises Lawrence. Ray finds Tiana, gives her the charm and attempts to hold off the demons so she can escape, but Facilier kills him. Facilier then offers Tiana to make her restaurant dream come true in exchange for the charm. Realizing she would rather be with Naveen, and realizing Facilier's true intentions, Tiana destroys the charm. The angered voodoo spirits claim Facilier himself as payment for his debts to them and drag him to his death in hell.

text: Tiana and Naveen then reveal their love to each other and explain the situation to Charlotte, who agrees to kiss Naveen, as Lawrence is taken away by the police. However, the clock strikes midnight before she can kiss him, but the two decide they are content to live together as frogs. Then they bid farewell to Ray along with Louie, later to find out Ray finally joined Evangeline. Tiana and Naveen are wed by Mama Odie; and because of Tiana's new status as princess, they are restored back to human form after their kiss. Later, the couple returns to New Orleans to legally get married and celebrate, and together the two open their new restaurant. The movie ends with Tiana and Naveen dancing as the two stars, Ray and Evangeline, twinkle in the sky.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Anika Noni Rose as Tiana/"Tia", a 19-year-old waitress and aspiring chef/restaurateur. She is a smart, hard-working, and independent young woman, but one who works so hard that she often forgets important things such as love, fun, and family.[4] Originally, Tiana was supposed to be known as "Maddy". Mark Henn served as the supervising animator for Tiana in both human and frog form, making her one of several Disney lead female characters he has animated.[5] Henn declared that he attempted to make a character that could stand on its own "without repeating what I've done on Belle, Ariel, and Jasmine", with Tiana having a more cynical and grounded personality. Rose's performance influenced much of the animation, with the actress even suggesting to Henn for Tiana to be left-handed like herself.[6]

Elizabeth Dampier voices Tiana as a child.

Bruno Campos as Prince Naveen, the prince of Maldonia. Naveen is a 24-year-old ne'er-do-well and playboy who has been cut off from his family's riches until he learns the value of responsibility. Randy Haycock served as the supervising animator of Naveen in both human and frog form.[7] As a prince from the fictional kingdom of Maldonia (which the directors describe as "located in an East of the Sun and West of the Moon location"), Campos adlibbed a French accent with his Brazilian accent to make up a Maldonian accent.[citation needed]
Michael-Leon Wooley as Louis, a friendly, neurotic, trumpet-playing alligator whose dream is to become human so he can join a jazz band. His name comes from the famous jazz artist and trumpeter, Louis Armstrong. Eric Goldberg, the supervising animator of Louis and other miscellaneous characters,[7] won the Annie Award for Character Animation in a Feature Production for his work on the film.[8]
Jim Cummings as Ray, a Cajun firefly. He and his vast family are close friends with Mama Odie, so he offers to help the frogs get to her. Ray has an unrequited love for the Evening Star, which he believes is another firefly named "Evangeline" (a reference to the 19th-century Longfellow poem).[9] Mike Surrey was the supervising animator for Ray. Ray's name comes from the blind pianist Ray Charles.[7]
Keith David as Doctor Facilier, also known as The Shadow Man, a voodoo bokor (witch doctor). Bruce W. Smith, supervising animator of Doctor Facilier, referred to the character as the "lovechild" of his two favorite Disney Villains: Captain Hook from Peter Pan (1953), and Cruella de Vil from One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961).[10] Smith was nominated for the Annie Award for Character Animation in a Feature Production for his work.[8]
Jennifer Cody as Charlotte "Lottie" La Bouff, a wealthy Southern débutante and Tiana's best friend since childhood who dreams of marrying a prince. Nik Ranieri served as the supervising animator of Charlotte as an adult and child.[7] Jennifer Cody won the Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Feature Production for her performance.[8]

Breanna Brooks voices Charlotte as a child.

Jenifer Lewis as Mama Odie, a blind, 197-year-old voodoo priestess, who serves as the film's 'Fairy Godmother figure'. Andreas Deja was the supervising animator for both Mama Odie and her pet snake, Juju, and was nominated for the Annie Award for Character Animation in a Feature Production.[8][11]
Peter Bartlett as Lawrence, Prince Naveen's valet, whom Dr. Facilier recruits as a partner in his scheme by transforming him to look like Naveen using a blood charm. Anthony DeRosa was the supervising animator for the Lawrence character, whose design was influenced by the Mr. Smee character from Peter Pan.[9]
John Goodman as Eli "Big Daddy" La Bouff, a very wealthy Southern sugar mill owner and father of Charlotte La Bouff. While he spoils Charlotte with everything she asks for, he is a loving and generous man, and loves Tiana's cooking. Duncan Marjoribanks was the supervising animator for Eli "Big Daddy" La Bouff.[7]
Oprah Winfrey as Eudora, Tiana's mother who wants to see her happy and worries that Tiana focuses too much on her dream of owning a restaurant.[12] Ruben A. Aquino animated both Eudora and her husband, James.[7]
Terrence Howard as James, Tiana's father, who helped instil a strong work ethic in Tiana. He served in World War I as evidenced by a dresser-top portrait photo of him in a World War I uniform. The circumstances of his death were not stated in the film; however, his portrait is accompanied by the Distinguished Service Cross, a US medal awarded to soldiers who demonstrated great heroism or risk of life in battle.
Frank Welker as Stella (vocal effects), Charlotte's pet dog who talks to Tiana during the film, when she is chasing Tiana and Naveen as frogs on the table. She loves Tiana's beignets and begs at Tiana when she wants one.
Dee Bradley Baker as Juju, Mama Odie's green pet snake.
Corey Burton and Jerry Kernion as the Fenner Brothers, two real estate agents who eventually sell Tiana the sugar mill.
Ritchie Montgomery, Don Hall, and Paul Briggs as Reggie, Darnell, and Two-Fingers, three bumbling frog hunters who try to catch Tiana and Naveen as frogs. Their resemblance to the Three Stooges has been noted.
Kevin Michael Richardson and Emeril Lagasse as Ian and Marlon, the two alligators.

text: Production[edit]

text: Early development[edit]

text: Disney had once announced that 2004's Home on the Range would be their last traditionally animated film. After the company's acquisition of Pixar in early 2006, Ed Catmull and John Lasseter, the new president and chief creative officer of Disney Animation Studios, reversed this decision and reinstated hand-drawn animation at the studio.[13] Many animators who had either been laid off or had left the studio when the traditional animation units were dissolved in 2003 were located and re-hired for the project.[14] Lasseter also brought back directors Ron Clements and John Musker, whose earlier works include The Great Mouse Detective (1986), The Little Mermaid (1989), Aladdin (1992), Hercules (1997), and Treasure Planet (2002).[15][16] The duo had left the company in 2005, but Lasseter requested their return to Disney to direct and write the film and had let them choose the style of animation (traditional or CGI) they wanted to use.[9]

text: The story for the film began development by merging two separate projects in development at Disney and Pixar at the time, both based around the "Frog Prince" fairy tale.[9][14] One of the projects was based on E. D. Baker's The Frog Princess, in which the story's heroine (Princess Emma) kisses a prince turned frog (Prince Eadric), only to become a frog herself.[14] The Princess and the Frog returns to the musical film format used in many of the previously successful Disney animated films, with a style Musker and Clements declared, like with Aladdin and The Little Mermaid, had inspiration from Golden Age Disney features such as Cinderella.[6]

text: Musker and Clements thought that given all fairy tales were set in Europe, they could do an American fairy tale.[6] They stated that they chose New Orleans as a tribute to the history of the city, for its "magical" qualities, and because it was Lasseter's favorite city.[9][17] The directors spent ten days in Louisiana before starting to write the film.[6]

text: The Princess and the Frog was originally announced as The Frog Princess in July 2006,[13] and early concepts and songs were presented to the public at the Walt Disney Company's annual shareholders' meeting in March 2007.[18] These announcements drew criticism from African-American media outlets, due to elements of the Frog Princess story, characters, and settings considered distasteful.[19][20] African-American critics disapproved of the original name for the heroine, "Maddy", due to its similarity to the derogatory term "mammy".[19] Also protested were Maddy's original career as a chambermaid,[20] the choice to have the black heroine's love interest be a non-black prince, which upset opponents of on-screen interracial romance,[19] and the use of a black male voodoo witchdoctor as the film's villain.[19] The Frog Princess title was also thought by critics to be a slur on French people.[21] Also questioned was the film's setting of New Orleans, which had been heavily damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, resulting in the expulsion of a large number of mostly black residents.[22] Critics claimed the choice of New Orleans as the setting for a Disney film with a black heroine was an affront to the Katrina victims' plight.[19][22]

text: In response to these early criticisms, the film's title was changed in May 2007 from The Frog Princess to The Princess and the Frog. The name "Maddy" was changed to "Tiana",[21][23] and the character's occupation was altered from chambermaid to waitress.[19] Talk show host Oprah Winfrey was hired as a technical consultant for the film, leading to her taking a voice acting role in the film as Tiana's mother Eudora.[9]

text: Writing and themes[edit]

text: The head of story, Don Hall, described the plot as a fairy tale "twisted enough that it seems new and fresh", with a kingdom that is a modern city, a handsome prince that is a "knuckleheaded playboy" and a variation on the fairy godmother with Mama Odie. Co-writer Rob Edwards also said The Princess and the Frog was "a princess movie for people who don't like princess movies". As the writers thought Tiana's character motivation of simply dreaming of having her own restaurant was not appealing enough, they expanded so it was her father's as well, with the extra philosophy of "food bringing people together from all walks of life". Musker and Clements stated that while Tiana already starts as a sympathetic character, the events of the plot make her "understand things in a deeper level" and change people around her. Both protagonists would learn from each other — Naveen to take responsibilities, Tiana to enjoy life — as well as figuring from Ray's passion for Evangeline that the perfect balance is brought by having someone you love to share the experience.[6] Tiana became the first African-American Disney Princess.[24][25]

text: Voice cast[edit]

text: On December 1, 2006, a detailed casting call was announced for the film at the Manhattan Theatre Source forum.[26] The casting call states the film as being an American fairy tale musical set in New Orleans during the 1920s Jazz Age and provides a detailed list of the film's major characters.

text: In February 2007, it was reported that Dreamgirls actresses Jennifer Hudson and Anika Noni Rose were top contenders for the voice of Tiana, and that Alicia Keys directly contacted Walt Disney Studios chairman Dick Cook about voicing the role.[27] It was later reported that Tyra Banks was considered for the role as well.[28] By April 2007, it was confirmed that Rose would be voicing Tiana.[29] Three months later, it was reported that Keith David would be doing the voice of Dr. Facilier, the villain of the film.[30]

text: Animation and design[edit]

text: Clements and Musker had agreed from very early on that the style they were aiming for was primarily that of Lady and the Tramp (1955), a film which they and John Lasseter feel represents "the pinnacle of Disney's style".[31] "After that, everything started becoming more stylized, like Sleeping Beauty, 101 Dalmatians – which are fantastic films as well, but there's a particular style (to 'Lady and the Tramp') that's so classically Disney."[32] Lady and the Tramp also heavily informed the style of the New Orleans scenes, while Disney's Bambi (1942) served as the template for the bayou scenes.[31] Bambi was described as a stylistic reference for the painted backgrounds, as according to art director Ian Gooding "Bambi painted what it feels like to be in the forest instead of the forest" so The Princess and the Frog would in turn try capturing the essence of roaming through New Orleans.[6]

text: The former trend in Disney's hand-drawn features where the characters and cinematography were influenced by a CGI-look has been abandoned. Andreas Deja, a veteran Disney animator who supervised the character of Mama Odie, says "I always thought that maybe we should distinguish ourselves to go back to what 2D is good at, which is focusing on what the line can do rather than volume, which is a CG kind of thing. So we are doing less extravagant Treasure Planet kind of treatments. You have to create a world but [we're doing it more simply]. What we're trying to do with Princess and the Frog is hook up with things that the old guys did earlier. It's not going to be graphic...".[33] Deja also mentions that Lasseter was aiming for the Disney sculptural and dimensional look of the 1950s: "All those things that were non-graphic, which means go easy on the straight lines and have one volume flow into the other – an organic feel to the drawing."[33] Lasseter also felt that traditional animation created more character believability.[34] For example, with Louis the alligator, created by Eric Goldberg, Lasseter said: "It's the believability of this large character being able to move around quite like that."[34] Choreographer Betsy Baytos was brought by the directors to lead a team of eccentric dancers that gave reference to make each character a different style of movement. The character design tried to create beautiful drawings through subtle shapes, particularly for most characters being human. For the frog versions of Tiana and Naveen, while the animators started with realistic designs, they eventually went for cutesy characters "removing all that is unappealing in frogs", similar to Pinocchio's Jiminy Cricket.[6]

text: Toon Boom Animation's Toon Boom Harmony software was used as the main software package for the production of the film, as the Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) system that Disney developed with Pixar in the 1980s for use on their previous traditionally animated films had become outdated.[35] The Harmony software was augmented with a number of plug-ins to provide CAPS-like effects such as shading on cheeks and smoke effects.[11][33] The reinstated traditional unit's first production, a 2007 Goofy cartoon short entitled How to Hook Up Your Home Theater, was partly animated without paper by using Harmony and Wacom Cintiq pressure-sensitive tablets. The character animators found some difficulty with this approach, and decided to use traditional paper and pencil drawings, which were then scanned into the computer systems, for The Princess and the Frog.[11]

text: The one exception to the new Toon Boom Harmony pipeline was the "Almost There" dream sequence, which utilized an Art Deco graphic style based on the art of Harlem Renaissance painter Aaron Douglas.[36] Supervised by Eric Goldberg and designed by Sue Nichols,[37] the "Almost There" sequence's character animation was done on paper without going through the clean-up animation department,[9] and scanned directly into Photoshop. The artwork was then enhanced to affect the appearance of painted strokes and fills, and combined with backgrounds, using Adobe After Effects.[10][11]

text: The visual effects and backgrounds for the film were created digitally using Cintiq tablet displays.[11][38] Marlon West, one of Disney's veteran animation visual effects supervisors, says about the production; "Those guys had this bright idea to bring back hand-drawn animation, but everything had to be started again from the ground up. One of the first things we did was focus on producing shorts, to help us re-introduce the 2D pipeline. I worked as vfx supervisor on the Goofy short, How to Hook Up Your Home Theater. It was a real plus for the effects department, so we went paperless for The Princess and the Frog." The backgrounds were painted digitally using Adobe Photoshop, and many of the architectural elements were based upon 3D models built in Autodesk Maya.[11] Much of the clean-up animation, digital ink-and-paint, and compositing were outsourced to third-party companies in Orlando, Florida (Premise Entertainment), Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Yowza Digital Animation), and Brooklin, São Paulo, Brazil (HGN Produções)[7]

text: Music[edit]

text: During Disney's 2007 shareholder meeting, Randy Newman and the Dirty Dozen Brass Band performed the film's opening number, "Down in New Orleans", with famous New Orleans singer Dr. John singing, while slides of pre-production art from the film played on a screen.[18] Other songs in the film include "Almost There" (a solo for Tiana), "Dig a Little Deeper" (a song for Mama Odie), "When We're Human" (a song for Louis, Tiana and Naveen [as frogs]), "Friends on the Other Side" (a solo for Doctor Facilier), and "Gonna Take You There" and "Ma Belle Evangeline" (two solos for Ray).[18] Newman composed, arranged, and conducted the music for the film, a mixture of jazz, zydeco, blues, and gospel styles performed by the voice cast members for the respective characters while R&B singer-songwriter Ne-Yo wrote and performed the end title song "Never Knew I Needed", an R&B love song referring to the romance between the film's two main characters, Tiana and Naveen. Supported by a music video by Melina, "Never Knew I Needed" was issued to radio outlets as a commercial single from the Princess and the Frog soundtrack.[39]

text: The film's soundtrack album, The Princess and the Frog: Original Songs and Score, contains the ten original songs from the film and seven instrumental pieces. The soundtrack was released on November 23, 2009, the day before the limited release of the film in New York and Los Angeles.[40]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered in theaters with a limited run in New York and Los Angeles beginning on November 25, 2009, followed by wide release on December 11, 2009.[41] The film was originally set for release on Christmas Day 2009, but its release date was changed due to a competing family film, Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel, scheduled for release the same day.[42] The Princess and the Frog will have a limited re-release in AMC Theatres, lasting from October 6–12, 2017 as part of the Dream Big, Princess campaign.[43][44]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The Princess and the Frog was supported by a wide array of merchandise leading up to and following the film's release. Although Disney's main marketing push was not set to begin until November 2009, positive word-of-mouth promotion created demand for merchandise well in advance of the film.[45] Princess Tiana costumes were selling out prior to Halloween 2009, and a gift set of Tiana-themed hair-care products from Carol's Daughter sold out in seven hours on the company's website.[45] Other planned merchandise includes a cookbook for children and even a wedding gown.[45] Princess Tiana was also featured a few months before the release in the Disney on Ice: Let's Celebrate! show.[46] The film itself was promoted through advertisements, including one from GEICO where Naveen, as a frog, converses with the company's gecko mascot.[47]

text: A live parade and show called Tiana's Showboat Jubilee! premiered on October 26, 2009, at the Magic Kingdom theme park at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida,[48] and on November 5 at Disneyland in California.[49] In Disneyland, actors in New Orleans Square paraded to the Rivers of America and boarded the park's steamboat.[49] From there, the cast, starring Princess Tiana, Prince Naveen, Louis the alligator, and Doctor Facilier, would sing songs from the movie, following a short storyline taking place after the events of the film. The Disneyland version's actors actually partook in singing, while the Walt Disney World rendition incorporated lip-syncing.[49]

text: Tiana's Showboat Jubilee! ran at both parks until January 3, 2010.[48][49] At Disneyland Park, the show was replaced by a land-based event called Princess Tiana's Mardi Gras Celebration, which features Princess Tiana along with five of the original presentation's "Mardi Gras dancers" and the park's "Jambalaya Jazz Band" as they perform songs from the movie.[50] "Tiana's Mardi Gras Celebration" officially ended on October 3, 2010. However, it returned to Disneyland from 2011-2013 as part of the "Limited Time Magic" family-fun weekends.[51][52][53]

text: Tiana also appears in Disneyland Paris' New Generation Festival.[54] Some of the characters appear frequently during World of Color, the nightly fountain and projection show presented at Disney California Adventure. Disney announced on June 4, 2009, that they would release a video game inspired by the film and it was released on November 2009 exclusively for Wii and Nintendo DS platforms. It has been officially described an "adventure through the exciting world of New Orleans in a family-oriented video game", featuring events from the film and challenges for Princess Tiana.[55]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Princess and the Frog was released in North America on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on March 16, 2010.[56]

text: The film is available on DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and Blu-ray Disc combo pack editions; the combo pack includes DVD and digital copies of the film, along with the Blu-ray Disc version.[56] The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in Australia on June 2, 2010, and on June 21, 2010, in the United Kingdom. As of December 2010 the DVD has sold 4,475,227 copies and has made $71.3 million in DVD sales,[57] making it the ninth-best-selling DVD of 2010.[58]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The financial and critical success of The Princess and the Frog persuaded Disney to green-light at least one new hand-drawn animated film to be released every two years.[14] However, the blog /Film noted in July 2014 with the release of hand-drawn concept art for the 2013 computer animated film Frozen, that any future hand-drawn animated films have been "killed" for the time being due to The Princess and the Frog failing "to ignite the box office".[59] Two months later, however, many Disney artists announced they were working on a new independent hand drawn animated film, Hullabaloo as part of an attempt to bring back hand-drawn animation.[60] Despite such speculation, Walt Disney Animation Studios has continued to use both hand-drawn animation and computer animation in subsequent films.

text: Box office[edit]

text: On its limited day release, the film grossed $263,890 at two theaters and grossed $786,190 its opening weekend.[61][62] On its opening day in wide release, the film grossed $7 million at 3,434 theaters.[63] It went on to gross $24.2 million over the opening weekend averaging $7,050 per theater,[64] ranking at #1 for the weekend, and making it the highest-grossing start to date for an animated movie in December, a record previously held by Beavis and Butt-Head Do America.[65] The film went on to gross $104.4 million (in the United States and Canada) and $267 million (worldwide), making it a box office success, and became the fifth-highest-grossing animated film of 2009.[66] While the film did out-gross Disney's more recent hand-drawn films such as The Emperor's New Groove, Atlantis: The Lost Empire, Treasure Planet, Brother Bear, and Home on the Range, it was less auspicious than the animated films from Walt Disney Animation Studios' 1990s heyday. Disney animator Tom Sito compared the film's box office performance to that of The Great Mouse Detective (1986), which was a step up from the theatrical run of the 1985 box office bomb The Black Cauldron.[67]

text: Looking back on the experience four years later, Catmull acknowledged that Disney had made a "serious mistake" in the process of marketing and releasing the film.[68] The Walt Disney Studios' marketing department had warned Disney Animation that the word "princess" in the title "would lead moviegoers to think that the film was for girls only," but the animation studio's management insisted on keeping the "princess" title because they truly believed that the film's excellent quality and beautiful hand-drawn animation would bring in all quadrants anyway.[68] In Catmull's words, this belief "was our own version of a stupid pill."[68] The marketing department turned out to be correct in their prediction that many moviegoers would and did avoid the film because they thought it was "for little girls only."[68] This error was further compounded by the fact that the film opened five days before Avatar.[68]

text: Looking back seven years later, Lasseter told Variety: "I was determined to bring back [hand-drawn animation] because I felt it was such a heritage of the Disney studio, and I love the art form ... I was stunned that Princess didn’t do better. We dug into it and did a lot of research and focus groups. It was viewed as old-fashioned by the audience."[69]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received largely positive reviews from critics, praising the animation, characters, music and themes. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 85% of 185 critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7.4 out of 10.[70] The site's general consensus is that "The warmth of traditional Disney animation makes this occasionally lightweight fairy-tale update a lively and captivating confection for the holidays."[71] Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 0–100 from film critics, has a rating score of 73 based on 29 reviews.[72]

text: Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an "A" grade and applauded the film's creative team for "uphold[ing] the great tradition of classic Disney animation".[73] Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter praised Walt Disney Animation for "rediscovering its traditional hand-drawn animation" and for "a thing called story".[74] David Germain of the Associated Press wrote that "The Princess and the Frog is not the second coming of Beauty and the Beast or The Lion King. It's just plain pleasant, an old-fashioned little charmer that's not straining to be the next glib animated compendium of pop-culture flotsam."[75] Justin Chang of Variety was less receptive, stating "this long-anticipated throwback to a venerable house style never comes within kissing distance of the studio's former glory".[76] Joe Neumaier of the New York Daily News gave the film 3/5 stars while saying "The Princess and the Frog breaks the color barrier for Disney princesses, but is a throwback to traditional animation and her story is a retread".[77] Village Voice's Scott Foundas found that "the movie as a whole never approache[d] the wit, cleverness, and storytelling brio of the studio's early-1990s animation renaissance (Beauty and the Beast, The Lion King) or pretty much anything by Pixar".[78] Betsy Sharkey of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a positive review claiming that "the dialogue is fresh-prince clever, the themes are ageless, the rhythms are riotous and the return to a primal animation style is beautifully executed."[79] Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars and admired Disney's step back to traditional animation, writing, "No 3-D! No glasses! No extra ticket charge! No frantic frenzies of meaningless action! And...good gravy! A story! Characters! A plot! This is what classic animation once was like!", but stated that the film "inspires memories of Disney's Golden Age it doesn't quite live up to, as I've said, but it's spritely and high-spirited, and will allow kids to enjoy it without visually assaulting them."[80]

text: S. Jhoanna Robledo of Common Sense Media gave the film three out of five stars, writing, "First African-American Disney princess is a good role model".[81] Saint Bryan of the NBC-TV Seattle praised the film and called it "The Best Disney Movie Since The Lion King".[82]

text: Upon its release, the film created controversy among some Christians over its use of Louisiana Voodoo as a plot device.[83] Christianity Today's review of the film cited its sexual undertones and use of voodoo, arguing that the scenes with Dr. Facilier and his "friends on the other side" contain many horror elements and that young children might be frightened by the film.[84] The film's treatment of Louisiana voodoo as a type of magic instead of a religion also drew criticism from non-Christian factions.[85]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and twice for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, but lost to Up and Crazy Heart, respectively.[3][86] It was also nominated for eight Annie Awards and, at the 37th Annie Awards Ceremony on February 6, 2010, won three.[8]

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

2009 Satellite Awards[87]
Best Motion Picture, Animated or Mixed Media
The Princess and the Frog
Nominated

Best Original Song
Randy Newman
(Almost There)

Randy Newman
(Down in New Orleans)

African-American Film Critics Association Awards 2009
Top 10 Films
The Princess and the Frog
Won

Best Screenplay
John Musker, Ron Clements and Rob Edwards — Tied with Geoffrey Fletcher for Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire

2009 Producers Guild of America Awards[88]
Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures
Peter Del Vecho
Nominated

2009 Online Film Critics Society Awards[89]
Best Animated Feature
The Princess and the Frog

67th Golden Globe Awards[90]
Best Animated Feature Film

2009 Chicago Film Critics Association[91]
Best Animated Feature

2009 Critics Choice Awards[92]
Best Animated Feature

Best Score
Randy Newman

Best Song
(Almost There)

2009 Black Reel Awards[93]
Best Film
The Princess and the Frog

Best Song, Original or Adapted
Ne-Yo
(Never Knew I Needed)

Anika Noni Rose
(Almost There)
Won

Anika Noni Rose
(Down in New Orleans)
Nominated

Best Voice Performance
Keith David

Anika Noni Rose
Won

Best Ensemble
The Princess and the Frog
Nominated

37th Annie Awards[8]
Best Animated Feature

Animated Effects
James DeValera Mansfield
Won

Production Design in a Feature Production
Ian Gooding
Nominated

Character Animation in a Feature Production
Andreas Deja

Eric Goldberg
Won

Bruce W. Smith
Nominated

Voice Acting in a Feature Production
Jennifer Cody ("Charlotte")
Won

Jenifer Lewis ("Mama Odie")
Nominated

82nd Academy Awards[3][86]

Best Animated Feature
John Musker and Ron Clements

Best Music, Original Song
Randy Newman
(Almost There)

Randy Newman
(Down in New Orleans)

41st NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Motion Picture

Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture
Anika Noni Rose

36th Saturn Awards[94]
Best Animated Film
The Princess and the Frog

2010 Teen Choice Awards[95][96]
Choice Movie: Animated

2011 Grammy Awards[97]
Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media
Randy Newman
(Down in New Orleans)

Women Film Critics Circle
Best Animated Females
Anika Noni Rose (Tiana), Jennifer Cody (Charlotte La Bouff), Oprah Winfrey (Eudora), Jenifer Lewis (Mama Odie), and all other female characters in The Princess and the Frog.
Won

text: Television[edit]

text:
Tiana made a guest-appearance on Sofia the First in the season 2 episode titled "Winter's Gift".[98]
A live-action version of Tiana is also a main character on the seventh season of Once Upon a Time.[99][100][101]