document_title: Beach Blanket Bingo

question_text: who played the mermaid in beach blanket bingo

text: Beach Blanket Bingo

text: Plot[edit]

text: A singer, Sugar Kane (Linda Evans), is unwittingly being used for publicity stunts for her latest album by her agent (Paul Lynde), for example, faking a skydiving stunt, actually performed by Bonnie (Deborah Walley). Meanwhile, Frankie (Frankie Avalon), (duped into thinking he rescued Sugar Kane), takes up skydiving at Bonnie's prompting; she secretly wants to make her boyfriend Steve (John Ashley) jealous. This, of course, prompts Dee Dee (Annette Funicello) to also try free-falling. Eric Von Zipper (Harvey Lembeck) and his Malibu Rat Pack bikers also show up, with Von Zipper falling madly in love with Sugar Kane. To top all this, Bonehead (Jody McCrea) falls in love with a mermaid (Marta Kristen). Eventually, Von Zipper "puts the snatch" on Sugar Kane. The film takes a The Perils of Pauline-like twist, with the evil South Dakota Slim (Timothy Carey) kidnapping Sugar and tying her to a buzz-saw.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Frankie Avalon as Frankie
Annette Funicello as Dee Dee
Harvey Lembeck as Eric Von Zipper
John Ashley as Steve
Deborah Walley as Bonnie
Jody McCrea as Bonehead
Marta Kristen as Lorelei
Linda Evans as Sugar Kane
Don Rickles as Big Drop
Paul Lynde as Bullets
Donna Loren as Donna
Timothy Carey as South Dakota Slim
Buster Keaton as Buster
Bobbi Shaw as Bobbi
Earl Wilson as Himself
Michael Nader as Butch
Donna Michelle as Animal
Patti Chandler as Patti
Andy Romano as J.D.
Alberta Nelson as Puss
Myrna Ross as Boots
Chris Cranston as a Beach Girl

text:
Beach Blanket Bingo was Frankie Avalon's last "starring role" in the beach party films. He appears for only a few minutes in the next film, How to Stuff a Wild Bikini, and not at all in the last film, The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini.
Jody McCrea, who played "Deadhead" in Beach Party, Muscle Beach Party and Bikini Beach, is now called "Bonehead" in this film, as AIP had decided the term "Deadhead" was a so-called 'bankable noun' and had decided to cast Avalon as the title character of their upcoming Sergeant Deadhead.[3]
John Ashley, who played "Ken" in Beach Party, and "Johnny" in both Muscle Beach Party and Bikini Beach, returns in this film as "Steve," playing opposite his real-life wife Deborah Walley.
Rat Pack leader Harvey Lembeck (Eric Von Zipper) is given more screen time than ever before in this third film to feature his character. He even gets to sing his own song titled "Follow Your Leader" (which he reprises as "I Am My Ideal" for the follow-up How to Stuff a Wild Bikini).
The part of Sugar Kane, played by Linda Evans, was originally intended for Nancy Sinatra. This change was due in part to the fact that the plot involved a kidnapping, which was somewhat reminiscent of her brother Frank Sinatra, Jr.'s kidnapping a few months before shooting began and it made her uncomfortable causing her to drop out.[3]
Donna Michelle, who portrays Animal, was Playboy magazine's Playmate of the Year for 1964.
Bobbi Shaw, again is playing her "ya, ya" Swedish bombshell part.[4]
Though this was Rickles' fourth film in the series, it's the only one in which he was allowed to "be himself" in one scene. He did a little of his night-club act and insulted the cast members, notably asking why Avalon and Funicello were in the picture: "You're 40 years old!"

text: Production[edit]

text: Elsa Lanchester was originally announced for a small role off the back of her performance in Pajama Party[5] but does not appear in the final film.

text: After the sequence wherein Frankie sings “These Are The Good Times”:[3]

text: (This sequence can still be seen in 16mm prints and television broadcasts of Beach Blanket Bingo,[6] but the Region 1 MGM DVD omits it. See Music section below)

text: After Frankie completes his skydiving jump:[7]

text: After Bonehead brings Lorelei her clothes and shoes:[7]

text: Dell Comics published a 12 cent comic book version of Beach Blanket Bingo in conjunction with the movie's release.[8]

text: Music[edit]

text: The score for this fifth film, like the four preceding it, was composed by Les Baxter.

text: Guy Hemric and Jerry Styner wrote seven songs for the film: “Beach Blanket Bingo” sung by Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello with the cast; the duet “I Think You Think” performed by Avalon and Funicello; “These Are the Good Times” sung by Avalon; “It Only Hurts When I Cry” sung by Donna Loren; “Follow Your Leader” sung by Harvey Lembeck with the “Rat Pack;” and the two songs “New Love” and “Fly Boy” – both of which were sung by studio call vocalist Jackie Ward off-screen – and lip-synched by Linda Evans onscreen.

text: Gary Usher and Roger Christian wrote three songs, “Cycle Set” and the instrumental “Freeway” - both performed by the Hondells; and “I'll Never Change Him” performed by Annette Funicello. (“I'll Never Change Him” was included in initial prints, but later excised for wide release when the decision was made to feature the song as "We'll Never Change Them" in Ski Party.)

text: Comic book adaption[edit]

text: Dell Movie Classic: Beach Blanket Bingo (September 1965)[9][10]

text: Legacy[edit]

text:
The title of this film inspired the title for Steve Silver's 1974 play, Beach Blanket Babylon, which has become America's longest-running musical revue.
In the 1983 film The Outsiders, set in the mid 1960s, Beach Blanket Bingo is shown playing at a drive-in.
An excerpt from the title song and a partial scene from Beach Blanket Bingo, dubbed into Vietnamese, feature in the 1987 film, Good Morning, Vietnam
In the May 21, 1989 Season 3, Episode 21 ("Life's a Beach") of the American sitcom, Married... with Children, Marcy sees a bodybuilder walk by on the beach and remarks, "Ooh. Ooh. Ooh. Beach blanket bingo over here, babycakes."
Beach Blanket Bingo is also the name of a band from the UK

text: Frankie Avalon later recalled, "'That's the picture of mine that I think people remember best, and it was just a lot of kids having a lot of fun -- a picture about young romance and about the opposition of adults and old people. There's nothing that young people respond to more than when adults say, `These kids are nuts,` and that's what this movie was about. It was also fun because we got to learn how to fake skydive out of an airplane."[11]


document_title: Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas

question_text: who did kelly from saved by the bell marry

root

text: Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas

text: Summary[edit]

text: The movie deals with Zack (Mark-Paul Gosselaar) and Kelly's (Tiffani Amber Thiessen) impending wedding, and all of the hijinks and pitfalls that occur on the road to and in Las Vegas. The six main cast members from Saved by the Bell were present at the wedding as were Mr. Belding, Alex Tabor, and Mike from The College Years. Additional characters from Saved by the Bell were Derek Morris (played by John Sanderford) and Melanie Morris (played by Melody Rogers).

tag: p

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Zack returns home and discovers that his father, Derek, disapproves of Zack's upcoming wedding to Kelly, and thus will not fund the ceremony. Zack decides to pull off some kind of wedding with the $1,200 he has. Melanie gives Zack two free passes to stay at the Stardust Hotel in Las Vegas. Despite understanding where he is coming from, she still agrees with Derek that what he's doing is wrong and he should've waited until after college and in a successful career. The next day, Kelly, Slater, Screech and Lisa arrive at Zack's house and begin packing their cars for the trip to Las Vegas. Zack makes a bet with Lisa that the guys will make it there first. The girls accept the bet and that's when the troubles begin. As they race down a back road, the guys are pulled over by a local sheriff. The sheriff arrests them under suspicion of theft. The boys get booked, photographed and thrown into a jail cell with a murderer, named Herb, and a biker/poet, named Ray.

text: On another back road, the girls burn out their radiator. Finally, a man by the name of Kurt Martin appears walking down the road. He tells them that he was on his way to Las Vegas. He fixes the fan belt by using Lisa's expensive belt and replenishes the radiator with the girls drinking water. In return, he asks to be driven to Las Vegas. The girls get to Las Vegas first and despite being unable to check in(only being given a room key), they enjoy a spa date.

text: Back in San Bernardino, the sheriff gets off the phone with the registration office in San Francisco. He realizes his mistake in wrongfully arresting the guys and the Bronco was registered under Slater's name. He tells them the stolen Bronco was found along the real culprits were arrested in San Diego being transferred back to San Bernardino. Despite apologizing to the boys, the sheriff extorts $1,200 to let them out of the jail(thanks to Screech's loose lips in telling him about how rich Zack's family is).

text: In Las Vegas, the girls admire the $4 million Considine Diamond on display in the Stardust lobby. That evening, the guys finally arrive at the Stardust and Zack berates Screech for opening his mouth about the $1,200 which he planned to have paid for the wedding. Screech tried to defend himself, but Slater agrees with Zack. He mentions that they could've avoided the mess if Screech just kept quiet about the money and let Zack negotiate the deal with the sheriff. Slater eyes a pretty girl in the lobby. Lisa and Kelly see the rest of the guys and they are reunited.

text: The next morning, the guys attempt to get work as caddies at a golf course. Here, Slater once again runs into the pretty girl, whose name is Carla, and she works as a cashier at the pro shop. The guys get fired and earn no money because of the boss. The guys and girls play around in the hotel pool. Here, Slater again runs into Carla who agrees to go out with him.

text: Meanwhile at the hotel's restaurant, Zack and Screech run into Bert Banner who overhears their money problem and offers them jobs as male escorts. The next morning, Bert trains Zack and Screech as escorts at his office, making Zack late for a meeting with a wedding coordinator which angers Kelly. That evening, Screech gets his escort assignment: a heavyset, southern woman named Diana that rides around in a pink limousine. Diana picks Screech up and takes him to a formal dance club where she dances the tango with him.

text: Meanwhile, Zack is forced to dine with Kelly at the Top of the Strip Restaurant at the Union Plaza Hotel while he dines at the same time with his escort: a Russian woman named Katrina. But Kelly soon figures out what's going on. After Kelly follows Zack to Katrina's table, she tells him that the wedding is off and storms out. After Zack leaves the restaurant depressed, Slater arrives at the same restaurant with Carla. The date is interrupted when Carla's ex-boyfriend, Freddy Silver, a mobster, arrives and yells at her for going behind his back in seeing someone else. When Slater knocks Freddy down, he and Carla are forced to run when the two thugs appear, who turn out to be Freddy's bodyguards.

text: Zack goes to Kelly's room at the Stardust, but she and Lisa won't let him in. Zack goes into his room next door and climbs out onto the balcony to climb over the railing to get to Kelly's balcony to talk to her and explain his actions. Slater and Carla run back to their room at the Stardust. But when they go out onto the balcony, they surprise Zack who slips and almost falls. Kelly comes outside to see Zack hanging off the railing and helps pull him up to safety. In the girls' room, he is able to explain himself to Kelly and he took a job as a male escort to make back the money he lost back in San Bernardino when the guys got arrested by the sheriff. In the end after hearing him out, she forgives Zack and tells him they'll find a way around it. Next, Carla tells the gang that Freddy wants her and Slater dead because she knows that he's in town to steal the Considine Diamond along with the fact that Slater knocked Freddy out cold.

text: Lisa gets Kurt to help smuggle Slater and Carla out of the hotel by putting them in a luggage rack. Things go well for a bit and they get to the hotel's main entrance. Freddy and his bodyguards suspect nothing and thinks it's just the tourists checking out and going home. Before Lisa and Kurt could finish the rehearsed check-out that would allow her and their friends to escape without being detected, a loud honking is heard from a pink limousine arriving to the hotel. It's Screech that returns from his escort assignment and horrified at what he went through. He opens the door asking Zack to help him because of the amorous Diana who is getting out of the car to chase after him. He accidentally knocks over the luggage rack, exposing Slater and Carla. So Zack grabs Screech and the four of them get into Slater's Bronco. Freddy's thugs commandeer a taxi and take off after them, followed by Kelly, Lisa and Kurt in Lisa's BMW.

text: A car chase ensues. Zack, Slater, Screech and Carla abandon their Bronco in a traffic jam at the end of Fremont Street and escape by hiding out in a wax museum by impersonating waxwork figures. But on the street, the four are spotted again by Freddy's thugs who chase them into a casino. The guys and Carla sneak into a Las Vegas dance show dressed as showgirls. But backstage, they're all captured by the thugs as well as Lisa, Kelly and Kurt who stumble by.

text: The gang is taken to Freddy's room where they fail to talk their way to freedom. But Kurt suddenly announces that he is the son of the Stardust Hotel owner and he tells Freddy that he can get him to the diamond. Freddy still refuses to let any of them go and he forces Kurt to take them to the vault where the diamond is. Kurt opens the vault, and when Freddy and one of his thugs go in, Zack, Slater and Screech once again pull off their "Three Stooges" routine and trick the thug guarding them. They push him into the vault and the gang locks Freddy and his two thugs in it.

text: After everything is resolved, the gang immediately goes to the nearest wedding chapel for Kelly and Zack to get married. The Silver Bells Chapel is run by Bert Banner! Just as he is about to marry them, Derek and Melanie Morris burst in. They tell them that Slater had earlier called them and convinced them to respect Zack and Kelly for what they are doing, so they have a change of heart: they now support Zack and Kelly's marriage.

text: A few days later, there is a wedding held in a park near the Stardust Hotel, with Lisa being the Maid of Honor and Screech being Zack's best man along with Slater. The wedding march begins and Kelly is escorted down the aisle by her father, Frank Kapowski. As the ceremony begins, Jessie Spano suddenly bursts in saying that she couldn't miss the wedding for the world, making the gang of Bayside complete. A montage shows Zack and Kelly's up's and downs from "Saved By the Bell" from 9th grade to the college years. Zack and Kelly recite their vows, the minister pronounces them man and wife. After the ceremony, Zack and Kelly are congratulated one by one by the gang as well as Mike Rogers, Alex Tabor and even Richard Belding. Kelly gets a tearful congrats from Jessie. Slater gives a toast to all assembled who include Kurt and Carla. Kelly's parents Frank and Carol, congratulate her and Melanie and Derek congratulate Zack.

text: That evening, Lisa and Kurt (now a couple) say goodbye to Zack and Kelly who are packing their stuff into a limo to take them on their honeymoon. Screech gives them a tearful goodbye as do Slater and Carla (also a couple). Slater says: "It's the end of an era." Kelly throws the bouquet to Screech who catches it. Then Diana suddenly appears and chases Screech away. Zack and Kelly then take off in the limo as the screen fades to the credits.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Actor
Role

Mark-Paul Gosselaar
Zack Morris

Tiffani Amber Thiessen
Kelly Kapowski

Mario Lopez
A.C. Slater

Dustin Diamond
Screech Powers

Lark Voorhies
Lisa Turtle

Dennis Haskins
Mr. Belding

Elizabeth Berkley
Jessie Spano

Bob Golic
Mike Rogers

Kiersten Warren
Alex Tabor

Liz Vassey
Carla

Gilbert Gottfried
Bert Banner

John Sanderford
Derek Morris[1]

Melody Rogers
Melanie Rhonda Morris[2]

tag: table

text: DVD release[edit]

text:
DVD name
Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
DVD Special Features

Hawaiian Style / Wedding In Las Vegas (Double Feature)
August 7, 2007
N/A
N/A
None

Saved By The Bell: Wedding In Las Vegas
N/A
May 17, 2004
N/A
Behind The Scenes

text: Reception[edit]

text: On the Rotten Tomatoes website, Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas has a 63% positive feedback. It has ranked a score 6.2/10 on the Internet Movie Database. The movie brought in an 8.1/15 rating/share, being watched by 12.5 million viewers, and ranking #72 out of 93 programs in the ratings that week.[3]


document_title: Indian Forest Act, 1927

question_text: when was the forest act enacted during the british period

text: Indian Forest Act, 1927

text: History[edit]

text: The Indian Forests Act of 1865 extended the British Colonial claims over forests in India.[1] The 1865 act was a precursor to the Forest Act of 1878, which truncated the centuries-old traditional use by communities of their forests and secured the colonial governments control over the forestry.[2] The act of 1865 empowered the British government to declare any land covered with trees as a government forest and make rules to manage it.[citation needed]

text: Reserved Forest[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Reserved Forest is an area mass of land duly notified under the provisions of India Forest Act or the State Forest Acts having full degree of protection. In Reserved Forests all activities are prohibited unless permitted. Reserved Forest is notified under section 20 of the Indian Forest Act, 1927 [Act 16 of 1927] or under the reservation provisions of the Forest acts of the [State Governments of the Indian Union]. The manner in which a [Reserved Forest], shortly written as RF, has to be constituted is described in section 3 to 20 of the Act. It is within power of a State Government to issue a preliminary notification under section 4 of the Act declaring that it has been decided to constitute such land, as specified in a Schedule with details of its location, area and boundary description, into a Reserved Forest. such a notification also appoints an officer of the State Government, normally the Deputy Commissioner of the concerned district, as Forest Settlement Officer. The Forest Settlement Officer fixes a period not less than three months, to hear the claims and objections of every person having or claiming any rights over the land which is so notified to be reserved. He conducts inquiries into the claims of rights, and may reject or accept the same. He is empowered even to acquire land over which right is claimed. For rights other than that of right of way, right of pasture, right to forest produce, or right to a water course, the Forest Settlement Officer may exclude such land in whole or in part, or come to an agreement with the owner for surrender of his rights, or proceed to acquire such land in the manner prescribed under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 [Act 1 of 1894]. Once the Forest Settlement Officer settles all the rights either by admitting them or rejecting them, as per the provisions of the Act, and has heard appeals, if any, and settled the same, all the rights with the said piece land [boundaries of which might have been altered or modified during the settlement process] vest with the State Government. There after, the State Government issues notification under section 20 of the Indian Forest Act, 1927 declaring that piece of land to be a Reserved Forest.


document_title: Royal Proclamation of 1763

question_text: the proclamation of 1763 was an attempt by britain to

text: Royal Proclamation of 1763

text: Background[edit]

text: The Treaty of Paris was the official conclusion to the Seven Years' War, of which the French and Indian War was the North American theater. Under this treaty, France ceded ownership of all of continental North America east of the Mississippi River, including Quebec, and the rest of Canada to Britain. Spain received all French territory west of the Mississippi. Both Spain and Britain received some French islands in the Caribbean. France kept a few small islands used by fishermen,[2] modern-day Haiti and the rich sugar island of Guadeloupe.

text: Provisions[edit]

text: New colonies[edit]

text: Besides regulating colonial expansion, the Proclamation of 1763 dealt with the management of inherited French colonies from the French and Indian War. It established government for four areas: Quebec, West Florida, East Florida, and Grenada.

text: Native lands[edit]

text: Some Native American peoples—primarily in the Great Lakes region—had a long and close relationship with France, and were dismayed to find that they were now under British sovereignty. They missed the amicable relationship with the French, along with the gifts they bestowed upon them, neither of which they had with the British. Pontiac's Rebellion (1763–66), a war launched by a group of natives around the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley, was an unsuccessful effort by the western tribes to push the British back. However tribes were able to take over a large number of the forts which commanded the waterways involved in trade within the region and export to Great Britain. The Proclamation of 1763 had been in the works before Pontiac's Rebellion, but the outbreak of the conflict hastened the process.[3] British officials hoped the proclamation would reconcile American Indians to British rule and help to prevent future hostilities.

text: Proclamation line[edit]

text: At the outset, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 defined the jurisdictional limits of the occupied territories of North America. Explaining parts of the Frontier expansion in North America, in Colonial America and especially Canada colony of New France, a diminutive new colony, the Province of Quebec was carved. The territory northeast of the St. John River on the Labrador coast was placed under the Newfoundland Colony.[4] The lands west of Quebec and west of a line running along the crest of the Allegheny mountains became Indian territory, temporarily barred to settlement, to the great disappointment of the land speculators of Virginia and Pennsylvania, who had started the Seven Years' War to gain these territories.[5] The proclamation created a boundary line (often called the proclamation line) between the British colonies on the Atlantic coast and American Indian lands (called the Indian Reserve) west of the Appalachian Mountains. The proclamation line was not intended to be a permanent boundary between the colonists and Aboriginal lands, but rather a temporary boundary which could be extended further west in an orderly, lawful manner.[6][7] It was also not designed as an uncrossable boundary; people could cross the line, just not settle past it. Its contour was defined by the headwaters that formed the watershed along the Appalachians. All land with rivers that flowed into the Atlantic was designated for the colonial entities, while all the land with rivers that flowed into the Mississippi was reserved for the native Indian population. The proclamation outlawed the private purchase of Native American land, which had often created problems in the past. Instead, all future land purchases were to be made by Crown officials "at some public Meeting or Assembly of the said Indians". Furthermore, British colonials were forbidden to settle on native lands, and colonial officials were forbidden to grant ground or lands without royal approval. The proclamation gave the Crown a monopoly on all future land purchases from American Indians.

text: British colonists and land speculators objected to the proclamation boundary since the British government had already assigned land grants to them. Many settlements already existed beyond the proclamation line,[3] some of which had been temporarily evacuated during Pontiac's War, and there were many already granted land claims yet to be settled. For example, George Washington and his Virginia soldiers had been granted lands past the boundary. Prominent American colonials joined with the land speculators in Britain to lobby the government to move the line further west. Their efforts were successful, and the boundary line was adjusted in a series of treaties with the Native Americans. In 1768 the Treaty of Fort Stanwix and the Treaty of Hard Labour, followed in 1770 by the Treaty of Lochaber, opened much of what is now Kentucky and West Virginia to British settlement.

text: Legacy[edit]

text:
Indigenous peoples
in Canada

First Nations
Inuit
Métis

History[show]

Paleo-Indians
Pre-colonization
Genetics
Residential schools
Indian hospitals
Conflicts
First Nations
Inuit

Politics[show]

Crown and Indigenous peoples
Treaty rights
Health Policy
Numbered Treaties
Royal Commission
Self-government
Indian Act
British Columbia Treaty Process
Idle No More
Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women
Politics
Organizations
Case law

Indigenous and Northern
Affairs Canada

Culture[show]

Indigenous cultures
Indigenous personalities
Country food
Music

Demographics[show]

Indian reserves
AB

FN
Métis

Atlantic CA
BC
MB
ON
QC
SK
Territories
Pacific Coast

Linguistics[show]

Indigenous languages
Inuit languages
Indigenous English Dialects
NAPA
Aboriginal syllabics
Inuit grammar

Religions[show]

Traditional beliefs

Inuit mythology

Index[show]

Index of articles
Indigenous
First Nations
Inuit
Métis
Stubs

Wikiprojects[show]
Portal

Indigenous Canadian portal

WikiProject

Indigenous North Americans

First Nations

Commons
Wiktionary

Inuit

Commons
Wiktionary

Métis

Commons
Wiktionary

v
t
e

text: Indigenous People of Treaty Six Territory[edit]

text: The Royal Proclamation continued to govern the cession of Indigenous land in British North America, especially Upper Canada and Rupert's Land. The proclamation forms the basis of land claims of Indigenous peoples in Canada – First Nations, Inuit, and Métis. The Royal Proclamation of 1763 is thus mentioned in Section 25 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

text: According to historian Colin Calloway, "[settler] scholars disagree on whether the proclamation recognized or undermined tribal sovereignty".[8] The proclamation established the important precedent that the indigenous population had certain rights to the lands they occupied.

text: Some see the Royal Proclamation of 1763 as a "fundamental document" for First Nations land claims and self-government.[9] It is “the first legal recognition by the British Crown of Aboriginal rights"[10] and imposes a fiduciary duty of care on the Crown. The intent and promises made to the native in the Proclamation have been argued to be of a temporary nature, only meant to appease the Native peoples who were becoming increasingly resentful of “settler encroachments on their lands”[11] and were capable of becoming a serious threat to British colonial settlement.[12][13] Advice given by a merchant to the Board of Trade on August 30, 1764, expressed that

text: The Indians all know we cannot be a Match for them in the midst of an extensive woody Country...from whence I infer that if we are determined to possess Our Posts, Trade & ca securely, it cannot be done for a Century by any other means than that of purchasing the favour of the numerous Indian inhabitants.[14]

text: Some historians believe that “the British were trying to convince Native people that there was nothing to fear from the colonists, while at the same time trying to increase political and economic power relative to First Nations and other European powers.”[15] Others argue that the Royal Proclamation along with the subsequent Treaty of Niagara, provide for an argument that “discredits the claims of the Crown to exercise sovereignty over First Nations”[16] and affirms Aboriginal “powers of self-determination in, among other things, allocating lands.”[17]

text: United States[edit]

text: The influence of the Royal Proclamation of 1763 on the coming of the American Revolution has been variously interpreted. Many historians argue that the proclamation ceased to be a major source of tension after 1768, since the aforementioned treaties opened up extensive lands for settlement. Others have argued that colonial resentment of the proclamation contributed to the growing divide between the colonies and the mother country. Some historians argue that even though the boundary was pushed west in subsequent treaties, the British government refused to permit new colonial settlements for fear of instigating a war with Native Americans, which angered colonial land speculators.[18] Others argue that the Royal Proclamation imposed a fiduciary duty of care on the Crown.[19][citation needed]

text: George Washington was given 20,000 acres (81 km2) of wild land in the Ohio region for his services in the French and Indian War. In 1770, Washington took the lead in securing the rights of him and his old soldiers in the French War, advancing money to pay expenses in behalf of the common cause and using his influence in the proper quarters. In August 1770, it was decided that Washington should personally make a trip to the western region, where he located tracts for himself and military comrades and eventually was granted letters patent for tracts of land there. The lands involved were open to Virginians under terms of the Treaty of Lochaber of 1770, except for the lands located 2 miles south of Fort Pitt, now known as Pittsburgh.[20]

text: In the United States, the Royal Proclamation of 1763 ended with the American Revolutionary War because Great Britain ceded the land in question to the United States in the Treaty of Paris (1783). Afterward, the U.S. government also faced difficulties in preventing frontier violence and eventually adopted policies similar to those of the Royal Proclamation. The first in a series of Indian Intercourse Acts was passed in 1790, prohibiting unregulated trade and travel in Native American lands. In 1823, the U.S. Supreme Court case Johnson v. M'Intosh[21] established that only the U.S. government, and not private individuals, could purchase land from Native Americans.

text: 250th anniversary celebrations[edit]

text: In October 2013 the 250th anniversary of the Royal Proclamation was celebrated in Ottawa with a meeting of Indian leaders and Governor-General David Johnston.[22] The Aboriginal movement Idle No More held birthday parties for this monumental document at various locations across Canada.[23]


document_title: Lokpal

question_text: who recommended ombudsman type of institution in india

text: Lokpal

text: History[edit]

text: The term "Lokpal" was coined by Dr. L.M.Singhvi in 1963. The concept of a constitutional ombudsman was first proposed in parliament by Law Minister Ashoke Kumar Sen in the early 1960s. The first Jan Lokpal Bill was proposed by Adv Shanti Bhushan [1]in 1968 and passed in the 4th Lok Sabha in 1969, but did not pass through the Rajya Sabha.[2] Subsequently, 'lokpal bills' were introduced in 1971, 1977, 1985, again by Ashoke Kumar Sen, while serving as Law Minister in the Rajiv Gandhi cabinet, and again in 1989, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2005 and in 2008, yet they were never passed.[3] Forty five years after its first introduction, the Lokpal Bill is finally enacted in India on 18 December 2013.

text: The Lokpal Bill provides for the filing, with the ombudsman, of complaints of corruption against the prime minister, other ministers, and MPs. The Administrative Reforms Commission (ARC) recommended the enacting of the Office of a Lokpal, convinced that such an institution was justified, not only for removing the sense of injustice from the minds of citizens, but also to instill public confidence in the efficiency of the administrative machinery.

text: Following this, the Lokpal Bill was, for the first time, presented during the fourth Lok Sabha in 1968, and was passed there in 1969. However, while it was pending in the Rajya Sabha, the Lok Sabha was dissolved, and thus the bill was not passed.

text: The bill was revived several times in subsequent years, including in 2011. Each time, after the bill was introduced to the House, it was referred to a committee for improvements, to a joint committee of parliament, or to a departmental standing committee of the Home Ministry. Before the government could take a final stand on the issue, the house was dissolved again. Several conspicuous flaws were found in the 2008 draft of the Lokpal Bill. The basic idea of a lokpal is borrowed from the Office of the Ombudsman, which has the Administrative Reforms Committee of a lokpal at the Centre,[clarification needed] and lokayukta(s) in the states.

text: Anna Hazare fought to get this bill passed[where?], and it did pass on 27 December 2011, around 9:30,[when?] with some modifications. These were proposed as the Jan Lokpal Bill. However, Hazare and his team, as well as other political parties, claimed that the Lokpal Bill passed was weak, and would not serve its intended purpose. So the proposed bill by the ruling Congress Party has yet to be accepted in the Rajya Sabha. As of 29 December 2011, the bill has been deferred to the next parliamentary session, amid much controversy and disruption by the LJP, RJD and SP parties. The media at large, and the opposition parties, claimed the situation had been staged.[4]

text: Jan Lokpal Bill movement[edit]

text: Jan Lokpal Bill (Citizen's Ombudsman Bill) is a draft anti-corruption bill drawn up by prominent civil society activists, seeking the appointment of a Jan Lokpal, an independent body that would investigate corruption cases, complete the investigation within one year and conduct trials for the case within the next year.

text: Drafted by Justice Santosh Hegde (a former Supreme Court Judge and former Lokayukta of Karnataka), Prashant Bhushan  (a Supreme Court Lawyer) and Arvind Kejriwal (a RTI activist), the draft Bill envisaged a system in which a corrupt person found guilty would go to jail within two years of the complaint being made and his ill-gotten wealth confiscated. It also sought power for the Jan Lokpal to prosecute politicians and bureaucrats without requiring government permission.

text: Retired IPS officer Kiran Bedi and others, like Anna Hazare, Swami Agnivesh, Sri Sri Ravi Shankar, and Mallika Sarabhai are also members of the movement, called India Against Corruption. Its website describes the movement as "an expression of collective anger of people of India against corruption." It goes on to state: "We have all come together to force/request/persuade/pressurize the Government to enact the Jan Lokpal Bill. We feel that if this Bill were enacted it would create an effective deterrence against corruption."

text: Anna Hazare, an anti-corruption crusader, began a fast-unto-death, demanding that this bill, drafted by Civil Society, be adopted. The website of the India Against Corruption movement calls the Lokpal Bill of the government an "eyewash", and hosts a critique of that government bill. It also lists the difference between the bills drafted by the government and civil

text: Features of the Jan Lokpal Bill[edit]

text:
An institution called Lokpal at the centre and Lokayukta in each state will be set up.
Like the Supreme Court and Election Commission, they will be completely independent of governments. No minister or bureaucrat will be able to influence their investigations.
Cases against corrupt people will not linger on for years anymore: investigations in any case will have to be completed in one year. Trial should be completed in the next one year, so that the corrupt politician, officer or judge is sent to jail within two years.
The loss that a corrupt person caused to the government will be recovered at the time of conviction.
How will it help a common citizen? If the work of any citizen is not done in a prescribed time, in any government office, Lokpal will impose a financial penalty on the guilty officers, which will be given as compensation to the complainant.
So, you could approach Lokpal if your ration card or passport or voter card had not been made, or if the police are not registering your case, or if any other work is not being done within the prescribed time. Lokpal will have to get it done in a month's time. You could also report any case of corruption to Lokpal, like rations being siphoned off, poor quality roads being constructed or panchayat funds being siphoned off.
But won't the government appoint corrupt and weak people as Lokpal members? That won't be possible because its members will be selected by judges, citizens and constitutional authorities, not by politicians, through a completely transparent and participatory process.
What if some officer in Lokpal becomes corrupt? The entire functioning of Lokpal/ Lokayukta will be completely transparent. Any complaint against any officer of Lokpal will be investigated and the officer dismissed within two months.
What will happen to existing anti-corruption agencies? CVC, the departmental vigilance and anti-corruption branch of the CBI, will be merged into Lokpal. Lokpal will have complete powers and machinery to independently investigate and prosecute any officer, judge or politician.
It will be the duty of the Lokpal to provide protection to those who are being victimized for raising their voice against corruption.

tag: ol

text: Fundamental duties[edit]

text:
To the cases and make jurisdictions against corruption cases with the Lokpal.
To judge whether a case is genuine or whether a fake complaint has been made.
To potentially impose fines on a fake complaint, or even a short span of jail time, if the case is not proved to be legally true.

text: Anna Hazare, a Gandhian rights activist, had started a fast unto death at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi demanding the passing of the bill. Hazare called off his hunger strike on 9 April 2011,  bringing to an end his 98-hour protest after the government issued a gazette notification constituting a 10-member Joint Committee of government ministers and civil society activists, including him, to draft a bill for the creation of an effective Lokpal. Thousands of people from all over India, especially youth, supported Anna Hazare's cause by attending candle lit marches and conducting online campaigns through social media.

text: Recently yoga guru, Swami Ramdev, fasted for this cause for 9 days from 4 to 12 June 2011. He wanted the Government of India to accept various demands, which mainly included those related to the Lokpall Bill.

text: Anna Hazare on 8 June 2011, declared that he would again fast unto death on 16 August, if the Lokpal bill were not passed by the Parliament of India by 15 August, which is the Independence Day of India.[5]

text: On 16 June, Civil Society reported that only 15 points, of 71, that they recommended have been agreed to by the Joint Committee consisting of five central ministers. Following differences with the Civil Society, the team of five central ministers decided to forward two drafts of the Lokpal Bill to the Cabinet, one from each side. Anticipating some sort of police action against his fast, intended for 16 August, social activist Anna Hazare said he would ask the Supreme Court to prevent any situation similar to the police crackdown on Baba Ramdev and his supporters at Ramlila Maidan.

text: "The government said, ‘we will suppress the agitation of Anna Hazare as had been done in the case of Ramdev’. Is this democracy or autocracy? You cannot suppress.... That is why we will go to the Supreme Court tomorrow," Hazare told reporters, adding "the Constitution has given right to every citizen to lodge a protest. We will launch the agitation from August 16."[6]

text: On 27 December 2011, the Lokpal bill was passed by the Lok Sabha after a day-long debate and amendments. The Indian Army, the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy have been kept out of the jurisdiction of the Lokpal. The bill also keeps the CBI independent.

text: The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013[edit]

text: The historic Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013 was passed by Indian Parliament paving the way for establishment of a Lokpal (Ombudsman) to fight corruption in public offices and ensure accountability on the part of public officials, including the Prime Minister, but with some safeguards.

text: Lokpal will consist of a chairperson and a maximum of eight members, of which 50% will be judicial members 50% members of Lokpal shall be from SC/ST/OBCs, minorities and women. Selection of chairperson and members of Lokpal through a selection committee consisting of PM, Speaker of Lok Sabha, leader of opposition in Lok Sabha, Chief Justice of India or a sitting Supreme Court judge nominated by CJI. Eminent jurist to be nominated by President of India on basis of recommendations of the first four members of the selection committee "through consensus". Lokpal's jurisdiction will cover all categories of public servants. All entities (NGOs) receiving donations from foreign source in the context of the Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) in excess of Rs 10 lakh per year are under the jurisdiction of Lokpal. Centre will send Lokpal bill to states as a model bill. States have to set up Lokayuktas through a state law within 365 days.

text:
Lokpal will have power of superintendence and direction over any central investigation agency including CBI for cases referred to them by the ombudsman.
A high-powered committee chaired by the PM will recommend selection of CBI director. The collegium will comprise PM, leader of opposition in Lok Sabha and Chief Justice of India PM has been brought under purview of the Lokpal, so also central ministers and senior officials.
Directorate of prosecution will be under overall control of CBI director. At present, it comes under the law ministry.
Appointment of director of prosecution to be based on recommendation of the Central Vigilance Commission.
Director of prosecution will also have a fixed tenure of two years like CBI chief.
Transfer of CBI officers investigating cases referred by Lokpal with the approval of watchdog.
Bill incorporates provisions for attachment and confiscation of property acquired by corrupt means, even while prosecution is pending.
Bill lays down clear timelines for preliminary enquiry and investigation and trial. Provides for special courts Public servants will not present their view before preliminary enquiry if the case requires 'element of surprise' like raids and searches.
Bill grants powers to Lokpal to sanction prosecution against public servants.
CBI may appoint a panel of advocates with approval of Lokpal, CBI will not have to depend on govt advocates.

tag: ul

text: On may 15th 2018, Mukul Rohtagi (Former Attorney General of India) has been appointed as an eminent jurist in the selection panel of Lokpal.


document_title: The Color of Water

question_text: ruth's father in the color of water

question_tokens: ruth 's father in the color of water

text: The Color of Water

text: Plot[edit]

text: In The Color of Water author James McBride writes both his autobiography and a tribute to the life of his mother, Ruth McBride. Ruth married Andrew Dennis McBride, a black man from North Carolina. James' childhood was spent in a chaotic household of twelve children who had neither the time nor the outlet to ponder questions of race and identity. Ruth did not want to discuss the painful details of her early family life when her abusive father Tateh lorded over her sweet-tempered and meek mother Mameh. Ruth had cut all ties with her Jewish family, as they had essentially disowned her when she married James' father.

text: After arriving in the United States when she was two years old, Ruth spent her early childhood traveling around the country with her family as her father sought employment as a rabbi. Tateh eventually gave up hope of making a living as a rabbi. He settled the family in Suffolk, Virginia, and opened a store in the mostly black section of town, where he overcharged his customers and expressed racist opinions. When Ruth was a child, Tateh sexually abused her and made harsh demands on her to work constantly in the family store. Tateh cheated on his wife, in an affair of which practically everyone in town was aware. Ruth's brother Sam left home at age fifteen, and soon after, Ruth too felt she must leave. She wanted to escape the oppressive environment of both her family and the South. She was also pregnant by Peter, her black boyfriend in Suffolk, and wanted to deal with the pregnancy away from her family. She took trips to New York to stay with relatives, and later moved permanently to Harlem. Ruth's family disowned her when she left, disgusted with her preference for marrying a black man instead of a Jewish man, her general failure to embrace Judaism, and her defiance of her father. Ruth promised her sister Dee-Dee that she would return to Suffolk, but she could not reconcile her family's desires for her life with her own desires for her life. She betrayed her promise to return for Dee-Dee, and her relationship with her sister suffered as a consequence. This separation from her family recurs throughout the memoir as a painful element in Ruth's life.

text: In Harlem, Ruth met Dennis, to whom she was immediately attracted. She married him, converted to Christianity, and became very involved with church activities. The couple experienced a certain degree of prejudice as a result of their interracial marriage. However, Ruth recalls these years of her life as her happiest ones. Dennis and Ruth opened the New Brown Memorial Church together in memory of Reverend Brown, their favorite preacher. They had several children, and eventually moved to accommodate their growing family. When Ruth became pregnant with Dennis's eighth child, James, Dennis fell ill with lung cancer, and died before James was born. Ruth mourned his death deeply and became desperate to find a means to support herself and her eight children. She approached her relatives for assistance, but they refused to have any sort of contact with her. Ruth met her second husband, Hunter Jordan, soon after. They married and eventually had four children together.

text: James weaves his own life story into his mother's story. Ruth's philosophies on race, religion, and work influence him greatly. Ruth always sent her children to the best schools, no matter the commute, to ensure they received the finest possible educations. She demanded respect and hard work from her children, and always treated them tenderly. She had an unwavering faith in God and strong moral convictions. To Ruth, issues of race and identity took secondary importance to moral beliefs. Ruth died at her home in Ewing, New Jersey on January 9, 2010.[1]

text: Characters[edit]

text: Ruth's side of the family[edit]

text:
James: the narrator, her son
Ruth McBride Jordan: mother of 12 children and the second narrator
Hudis Shilsky aka Mameh: Ruth's mother. Despite being crippled on the left side of her body, still managed to be a loyal wife and good mother.
Fishel Shilsky aka Tateh: Ruth's father. Tateh was a terrible husband in many aspects such as fidelity and love. Fishel also happened to be a rabbi, who would get in bed with his daughters. He even mocked his own wife, Mameh, in public for being a cripple.
Gladys "Dee-dee" Shilsky: Ruth's sister. It is revealed that Dee-dee was the only sibling of Ruth's that was born in America. Often, Ruth would say that she was jealous of her because she didn't have to deal with the negative stigma towards Jews like Ruth did.
Sam Shilsky: Ruth's brother. He ran away from home at 15, no longer wanting to deal with Tateh. Ruth says that he died while fighting in the Second World War.

text: James' side of the family[edit]

text:
Andrew Dennis McBride: the biological father of James, Ruth's first husband, a very caring father and pastor. Died of lung cancer.
Hunter Jordan: stepfather, Ruth's second husband, died after having a relapse of a stroke
From eldest to youngest (excluding James, who is the eighth child): Dennis, Rosetta, Billy, David, Helen, Richard, Dotty, Kathy, Judy, Hunter, and Henry: James' 11 siblings (Jacqueline "Jack": Andrew's daughter from a previous marriage)
Nash and Etta: his grandparents
Henry Walter, and Garland: uncles
Clemy: cousin from down south
Z and Maya: his nieces
Becky: sister-in-law
Karen aka Karone, Leander Bien, and Laurie Wesman: ex-girlfriends
Stephanie: current wife
Linwood Bob Hinson: cousin from North Carolina
Azure, and Jordan: James' children

text: Other people[edit]

text:
Frances Moody: Ruth's very close childhood friend; only schoolmate who befriended Ruth; a Gentile
Peter: Ruth's first boyfriend. He also got her pregnant and Ruth later dumped him after she found out that he had gotten another girl pregnant.
Billy Smith: James' best friend
Big Richard: Jack's husband and James' friend[1]
Mrs. Ingram: Ruth's best friend as an adult
Israel Levy: old Jewish friend of Ruth's who allowed her father (rabbi) a permanent place
Rocky: the manager of the Barber Shop
C. Lawler Rogers and Hal Schiff: music teachers
David H. and Ann Fox Dawson: donors who helped James go to Europe concerning his aspiration for being a musician
Chicken Man: A friend of Big Richard's who teaches James all he knows about the streets and helps him turn his life around

text: Setting[edit]

text:
Place: Suffolk, Virginia (Ruth's hometown); New York City (James McBride's home during most of his childhood); Wilmington, Delaware (James's family moved to Delaware in his teen years)
Time: James's life (the part of his life written about in The Color of Water): 1960-90 and Ruth's life (the part of her life written about): Started in 1920, emphasis on 1930s, '40s, and '50s

text: Symbols[edit]

text: Black Power[edit]

text: James spoke of the Civil Rights Movement which foreshadowed his decision to lean towards the African-American side of his bi-racial identity. Many of his older siblings had also chosen to only acknowledge that they were African-American.

text: Ruth's bicycle[edit]

text: This symbolized her constant need for movement in order to deal with her stress and depression and escapism.

text: Ruth's mother's song: Love of Birds[edit]

text: When Ruth's mother sang the song "Birdie, Birdie, Fly Away", she was referring to Ruth as the bird, able to move so swiftly and easily, while she referred to herself as the handicapped bird who deserved to be sacrificed and killed. This foreshadowed her death.

text: Themes[edit]

text:
Past vs. Present; self-motivation; and the burden of secrets
Racism. Black-white relationships in the United States and how they were shaped by the civil rights/Black Power movements
Feeling comfortable with not only one's identity, but one's background and sense of self

text: Reception[edit]

text: The trade paper edition, published in February, 1998, was on the New York Times bestseller list for over 100 weeks (2 years),[2][3][4] won the 1997 Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Literary Excellence, was an ALA Notable Book of the Year, The New York Women's Agenda's first book for "New York City Reads Together" and has sold more than 1.5 million copies.[5] It has been published in 16 languages and in more than 20 countries.[5]


document_title: Too Many Fish in the Sea

question_text: who sang too many fish in the sea

question_tokens: who sang too many fish in the sea

text: Too Many Fish in the Sea

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
"Too Many Fish in the Sea"Single by The Marvelettesfrom the album The Marvelettes Greatest HitsB-side
"A Need for Love"Released
October 14, 1964Format
7" singleRecorded
September 22, 1964Genre
SoulLabel
TamlaT 54105Songwriter(s)
Norman WhitfieldEddie HollandProducer(s)
Norman WhitfieldThe Marvelettes singles chronology

"You're My Remedy" (1964)

"Too Many Fish in the Sea" (1964)

"I'll Keep Holding On" (1965)

"You're My Remedy" (1964)

"Too Many Fish in the Sea" (1964)

"I'll Keep Holding On"(1965)

text: "Too Many Fish in the Sea" is a 1964 hit song recorded by Motown singing group The Marvelettes. It was the group's first top 40 pop hit in almost a year reaching number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100.[1] The song was one of the first hit singles written by Norman Whitfield and was also written by Eddie Holland. "Too Many Fish..." was also Whitfield's first produced single.

text: This single is the only one where group members Georgeanna Tillman and Katherine Anderson had a lead on the A-side. This is also the final A-side appearance for Tillman, who would leave the group in very early 1965, before they recorded their next single, "I'll Keep Holding On", due to her illnesses. This would also be the last single in which Gladys Horton would lead on the A-side, as Wanda Young Rogers (who also led on this and the two previous singles) would be the group's sole lead on the A-side, relegating Horton to B-side leads. Norman Whitfield would later use similar vocal techniques with The Temptations on hit songs such as "I Can't Get Next To You" and "Cloud Nine".

text: Credits[edit]

text:
Lead and background vocals by Gladys Horton (verses and choruses), Wanda Young (choruses), Georgeanna Tillman (choruses) and Katherine Anderson (choruses)
Instrumentation by The Funk Brothers

text: Later versions[edit]

text: Mitch Ryder and the Detroit Wheels also charted "Too Many Fish" as a medley with "Three Little Fishes". It reached #24 in 1967.[citation needed]