document_title: List of U.S. states and territories by population

question_text: who has the most population in the united states

text: Methodology[edit]

text: The United States Census counts most persons residing in the United States including citizens, non-citizen permanent residents, and non-citizen long-term visitors.[1] Civilian and military federal employees serving abroad and their dependents are counted in their home state.[2]

text: Electoral apportionment[edit]

text: Based on data from the decennial census, each state is allocated a proportion of the 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives, although each state is guaranteed a minimum of one seat, regardless of population. This apportionment is based on the proportion of each state's population to that of the Fifty States together (without regard to the populations of the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico or other U.S. dependencies). The Electoral College is the body that, every four years, elects the President and Vice President of the United States. Each state's representation in the Electoral College is equal to that state's total number of members in both houses of the United States Congress. The Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution effectively grants the District of Columbia, which is separate from any state, three votes. More precisely, the district gets as many votes in the Electoral College as it would have if it were a state, with the caveat that the district can have no more votes than the least populous state (which is currently Wyoming). Currently, this caveat is a moot point since the District would only be entitled to one Representative if it were a state, and is more populous than only two of the seven states with a single member in the House since 2013. Since the Constitution guarantees every state at least one Representative and guarantees every state two Senators, it effectively guarantees every state (and, since the ratification of the 23rd Amendment, the District of Columbia) at least three electoral votes. Thus, the total representation in the College is 538 members (equal to 100 senators plus 435 representatives, plus 3 members for the District of Columbia).[3]

text: The eleven most populous states, representing 56% of the population, currently have a majority of the Electoral College votes, enough to elect the president. These eleven states have not voted for the same candidate in any presidential election since 1984.

text: State information[edit]

text:
Rank in the fifty states, 2016
Rank in all states & territories, 2010
State or territory
Population estimate, July 1, 2016[4]
Census population, April 1, 2010
Total seats in House of Representatives, 2013–2023
Estimated pop. per House seat, 2016
Census pop. per House seat, 2010
Percent of total U.S. pop., 2016[note 1]

7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
 California
39,250,017
37,254,503
7001530000000000000♠53
738,581
702,905
12.15%

7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
 Texas
27,862,596
25,146,105
7001360000000000000♠36
763,031
698,487
8.62%

7000300000000000000♠3
7000400000000000000♠4
 Florida
20,612,439
18,804,623
7001270000000000000♠27
750,788
696,345
6.38%

7000400000000000000♠4
7000300000000000000♠3
 New York
19,745,289
19,378,087
7001270000000000000♠27
733,177
717,707
6.11%

7000500000000000000♠5
7000500000000000000♠5
 Illinois
12,801,539
12,831,549
7001180000000000000♠18
714,444
712,813
3.96%

7000600000000000000♠6
7000600000000000000♠6
 Pennsylvania
12,784,227
12,702,887
7001180000000000000♠18
711,250
705,688
3.96%

7000700000000000000♠7
7000700000000000000♠7
 Ohio
11,646,273
11,536,725
7001160000000000000♠16
725,839
721,032
3.59%

7000800000000000000♠8
7000900000000000000♠9
 Georgia
10,310,371
9,688,681
7001140000000000000♠14
729,633
691,975
3.19%

7000900000000000000♠9
7001100000000000000♠10
 North Carolina
10,146,788
9,535,692
7001130000000000000♠13
772,523
733,498
3.14%

7001100000000000000♠10
7000800000000000000♠8
 Michigan
9,928,300
9,884,129
7001140000000000000♠14
708,755
705,974
3.07%

7001110000000000000♠11
7001110000000000000♠11
 New Jersey
8,944,469
8,791,936
7001120000000000000♠12
746,501
732,658
2.77%

7001120000000000000♠12
7001120000000000000♠12
 Virginia
8,411,808
8,001,045
7001110000000000000♠11
762,090
727,366
2.60%

7001130000000000000♠13
7001130000000000000♠13
 Washington
7,288,000
6,724,543
7001100000000000000♠10
717,035
672,454
2.26%

7001140000000000000♠14
7001160000000000000♠16
 Arizona
6,931,071
6,392,307
7000900000000000000♠9
758,674
710,224
2.15%

7001150000000000000♠15
7001140000000000000♠14
 Massachusetts
6,811,779
6,547,817
7000900000000000000♠9
754,936
727,514
2.11%

7001160000000000000♠16
7001170000000000000♠17
 Tennessee
6,651,194
6,346,275
7000900000000000000♠9
733,367
705,123
2.06%

7001170000000000000♠17
7001150000000000000♠15
 Indiana
6,633,053
6,484,229
7000900000000000000♠9
735,520
720,422
2.05%

7001180000000000000♠18
7001180000000000000♠18
 Missouri
6,093,000
5,988,927
7000800000000000000♠8
760,459
748,615
1.89%

7001190000000000000♠19
7001190000000000000♠19
 Maryland
6,016,447
5,773,785
7000800000000000000♠8
750,800
721,694
1.86%

7001200000000000000♠20
7001200000000000000♠20
 Wisconsin
5,778,708
5,687,289
7000800000000000000♠8
721,417
710,873
1.79%

7001210000000000000♠21
7001220000000000000♠22
 Colorado
5,540,545
5,029,324
7000700000000000000♠7
779,511
720,704
1.72%

7001220000000000000♠22
7001210000000000000♠21
 Minnesota
5,519,952
5,303,925
7000800000000000000♠8
686,199
662,991
1.71%

7001230000000000000♠23
7001240000000000000♠24
 South Carolina
4,961,119
4,625,401
7000700000000000000♠7
699,449
660,766
1.54%

7001240000000000000♠24
7001230000000000000♠23
 Alabama
4,863,300
4,780,127
7000700000000000000♠7
694,140
682,819
1.51%

7001250000000000000♠25
7001250000000000000♠25
 Louisiana
4,681,666
4,533,479
7000600000000000000♠6
778,454
755,562
1.45%

7001260000000000000♠26
7001260000000000000♠26
 Kentucky
4,436,974
4,339,349
7000600000000000000♠6
737,515
723,228
1.37%

7001270000000000000♠27
7001270000000000000♠27
 Oregon
4,093,465
3,831,073
7000500000000000000♠5
805,795
766,215
1.27%

7001280000000000000♠28
7001280000000000000♠28
 Oklahoma
3,923,561
3,751,616
7000500000000000000♠5
782,268
750,270
1.21%

7001290000000000000♠29
7001300000000000000♠30
 Connecticut
3,576,452
3,574,118
7000500000000000000♠5
718,177
714,819
1.11%

7001710000000000000♠ —
7001290000000000000♠29
 Puerto Rico
3,411,307
3,726,157
1 (non-voting)
—
—
1.06%

7001300000000000000♠30
7001310000000000000♠31
 Iowa
3,134,693
3,046,869
7000400000000000000♠4
780,975
761,589
0.97%

7001310000000000000♠31
7001350000000000000♠35
 Utah
3,051,217
2,763,888
7000400000000000000♠4
748,083
690,221
0.94%

7001320000000000000♠32
7001320000000000000♠32
 Mississippi
2,988,726
2,968,103
7000400000000000000♠4
748,083
741,824
0.93%

7001330000000000000♠33
7001330000000000000♠33
 Arkansas
2,988,248
2,915,958
7000400000000000000♠4
744,551
728,980
0.93%

7001340000000000000♠34
7001360000000000000♠36
 Nevada
2,940,058
2,700,691
7000400000000000000♠4
722,711
675,110
0.91%

7001350000000000000♠35
7001340000000000000♠34
 Kansas
2,907,289
2,853,132
7000400000000000000♠4
727,910
713,280
0.90%

7001360000000000000♠36
7001370000000000000♠37
 New Mexico
2,081,015
2,059,192
7000300000000000000♠3
695,036
686,393
0.64%

7001370000000000000♠37
7001390000000000000♠39
 Nebraska
1,907,116
1,826,341
7000300000000000000♠3
632,063
608,780
0.59%

7001380000000000000♠38
7001380000000000000♠38
 West Virginia
1,831,102
1,853,011
7000300000000000000♠3
614,709
617,665
0.57%

7001390000000000000♠39
7001400000000000000♠40
 Idaho
1,683,140
1,567,652
7000200000000000000♠2
827,465
783,791
0.52%

7001400000000000000♠40
7001410000000000000♠41
 Hawaii
1,428,557
1,360,301
7000200000000000000♠2
715,802
680,151
0.44%

7001410000000000000♠41
7001430000000000000♠43
 New Hampshire
1,334,795
1,316,466
7000200000000000000♠2
665,304
658,235
0.41%

7001420000000000000♠42
7001420000000000000♠42
 Maine
1,331,479
1,328,361
7000200000000000000♠2
664,664
664,181
0.41%

7001430000000000000♠43
7001440000000000000♠44
 Rhode Island
1,056,426
1,052,931
7000200000000000000♠2
528,149
526,284
0.33%

7001440000000000000♠44
7001450000000000000♠45
 Montana
1,042,520
989,417
7000100000000000000♠1
1,032,949
989,415
0.32%

7001450000000000000♠45
7001460000000000000♠46
 Delaware
952,065
897,936
7000100000000000000♠1
952,065
897,934
0.30%

7001460000000000000♠46
7001470000000000000♠47
 South Dakota
865,454
814,191
7000100000000000000♠1
858,469
814,180
0.27%

7001470000000000000♠47
7001490000000000000♠49
  North Dakota
757,952
672,591
7000100000000000000♠1
756,927
672,591
0.24%

7001480000000000000♠48
7001480000000000000♠48
 Alaska
741,894
710,249
7000100000000000000♠1
741,894
710,231
0.23%

7001610000000000000♠—
7001510000000000000♠51
 District of Columbia
681,170
601,767
1 (non-voting)
—
—
0.21%

7001490000000000000♠49
7001500000000000000♠50
 Vermont
624,594
625,745
7000100000000000000♠1
626,042
625,741
0.19%

7001500000000000000♠50
7001520000000000000♠52
 Wyoming
585,501
563,767
7000100000000000000♠1
586,107
563,626
0.18%

7001720000000000000♠—
7001530000000000000♠53
 Guam
161,785
159,358[5]
1 (non-voting)
—
—
0.06%

7001730000000000000♠—
7001540000000000000♠54
 U.S. Virgin Islands
103,574
106,405[6]
1 (non-voting)
—
—
0.04%

7001740000000000000♠—
7001550000000000000♠55
 American Samoa
54,343
55,519[7]
1 (non-voting)
—
—
0.01%

7001750000000000000♠—
7001560000000000000♠56
 Northern Mariana Islands
52,344
53,883[8]
1 (non-voting)
—
—
0.00%

7001760000000000000♠—
7001590000000000000♠59
 Wake Island
188
382
0
—
—
0.00%

7001780000000000000♠—
7001580000000000000♠58
 Johnston Atoll
40
1,100
0
—
—
0.00%

7001790000000000000♠—
7001570000000000000♠57
 Midway Atoll
75
2,220
0
—
—
0.00%

7001800000000000000♠—
7001600000000000000♠60
 Palmyra Atoll
20
n/a
0
—
—
0.00%

7001810000000000000♠—
7001810000000000000♠—
Contiguous United States
320,975,339
306,687,555
432 (+ 1 non-voting)
—
—
98.18%

7001820000000000000♠—
7001820000000000000♠—
The fifty states
322,464,620
308,156,338
435
737,348
708,376
98.48%

7001830000000000000♠—
7001830000000000000♠—
Fifty states + D.C.
323,145,790
308,758,105
435 (+ 1 non-voting)
—
—
98.67%

7001840000000000000♠—
7001840000000000000♠—
Total U.S. territory
326,929,143
312,913,872
435 (+ 6 non-voting)
—
—
100.00%

text: Jump up ^ Because of rounding of the individual percentages, the entries in this column may not sum to 100%.

tag: ol

text: Summary of population by region[edit]

text:
Legend

Division totals – 9 divisions for 50 states and D.C.

Region totals – 4 regions ( 2 or 3 divisions each)

Individual territories

Total U.S. Territories

50 States + District of Columbia

Divisions & regions as defined by U.S. Census Bureau

Last col. shows larger region which contains entity in col. 1

text:
Population of states, territories, divisions and regions

State/Territory/
Division/Region
Rank
2013
population
Rank
2010
population
Rank
2000
population
Rank
2000-
2010
change
Geographic
sort

21 ! Massachusetts
14 !14
28 !6,692,824
14 !14
28 !6,547,629
13 !13
27 !6,349,097
43 !43
56 !3.1%
01 !NEng

07 ! Connecticut
29 !29
44 !3,596,080
29 !29
45 !3,574,097
29 !29
45 !3,405,565
35 !35
45 !4.9%
02 !NEng

19 ! Maine
41 !41
56 !1,328,302
41 !41
57 !1,328,361
40 !40
56 !1,274,923
39 !39
49 !4.2%
03 !NEng

29 ! New Hampshire
42 !42
57 !1,323,459
42 !42
58 !1,316,470
41 !41
57 !1,235,786
32 !32
41 !6.5%
04 !NEng

39 ! Rhode Island
43 !43
58 !1,051,511
43 !43
59 !1,052,567
43 !43
59 !1,048,319
49 !49
65 !0.4%
05 !NEng

45 ! Vermont
49 !49
65 !626,630
49 !49
65 !625,741
49 !49
65 !608,827
44 !44
60 !2.8%
06 !NEng

55 !       New England
59 !9
18 !14,618,806
59 !9
18 !14,444,865
59 !9
18 !13,922,517
57 !7
52 !3.8%
07 !NEast

32 ! New York
03 !3
15 !19,651,127
03 !3
15 !19,378,102
03 !3
14 !18,976,457
46 !46
62 !2.1%
08 !MAtl

38 ! Pennsylvania
06 !6
20 !12,773,801
06 !6
20 !12,702,379
06 !6
20 !12,281,054
41 !41
53 !3.4%
09 !MAtl

30 ! New Jersey
11 !11
25 !8,899,339
11 !11
25 !8,791,894
09 !9
23 !8,414,350
37 !37
47 !4.5%
10 !MAtl

53 !       Mid-Atlantic
54 !4
09 !41,324,267
54 !4
09 !40,872,375
54 !4
09 !39,671,861
58 !8
57 !3.0%
11 !NEast

61 !       Northeast
63 !4
06 !55,943,073
63 !4
06 !55,317,240
63 !4
05 !53,594,378
63 !4
55 !3.2%
12 !USA

09 ! Florida
04 !4
16 !19,552,860
04 !4
16 !18,801,310
04 !4
17 !15,982,378
08 !8
09 !17.6%
13 !SAtl

10 ! Georgia
08 !8
22 !9,992,167
09 !9
23 !9,687,653
10 !10
24 !8,186,453
07 !7
08 !18.3%
14 !SAtl

33 ! North Carolina
10 !10
24 !9,848,060
10 !10
24 !9,535,483
11 !11
25 !8,049,313
06 !6
07 !18.5%
15 !SAtl

46 ! Virginia
12 !12
26 !8,260,405
12 !12
26 !8,001,024
12 !12
26 !7,078,515
16 !16
21 !13.0%
16 !SAtl

20 ! Maryland
19 !19
33 !5,928,814
19 !19
33 !5,773,552
19 !19
33 !5,296,486
23 !23
30 !9.0%
17 !SAtl

40 ! South Carolina
24 !24
38 !4,774,839
24 !24
38 !4,625,364
26 !26
41 !4,012,012
10 !10
13 !15.3%
18 !SAtl

48 ! West Virginia
38 !38
53 !1,854,304
37 !37
53 !1,852,994
37 !37
53 !1,808,344
45 !45
61 !2.5%
19 !SAtl

08 ! Delaware
45 !45
60 !925,749
45 !45
61 !897,934
45 !45
61 !783,600
11 !11
14 !14.6%
20 !SAtl

64 ! District of Columbia
64 !--
64 !646,449
64 !--
66 !601,723
64 !--
66 !572,059
64 !--
44 !5.2%
21 !SAtl

57 !       South Atlantic
51 !1
05 !61,783,647
51 !1
05 !59,777,037
51 !1
06 !51,769,160
53 !3
12 !15.5%
22 !South

42 ! Tennessee
17 !17
31 !6,495,978
17 !17
31 !6,346,105
16 !16
30 !5,689,283
19 !19
24 !11.5%
23 !ESC

01 ! Alabama
23 !23
37 !4,833,722
23 !23
37 !4,779,736
23 !23
37 !4,447,100
27 !27
35 !7.5%
24 !ESC

17 ! Kentucky
26 !26
40 !4,395,295
26 !26
40 !4,339,367
25 !25
40 !4,041,769
28 !28
36 !7.4%
25 !ESC

24 ! Mississippi
31 !31
46 !2,991,207
31 !31
47 !2,967,297
31 !31
47 !2,844,658
38 !38
48 !4.3%
26 !ESC

52 !       East South Central
58 !8
17 !18,716,202
58 !8
17 !18,432,505
58 !8
16 !17,022,810
55 !5
32 !8.3%
27 !South

43 ! Texas
02 !2
12 !26,448,193
02 !2
12 !25,145,561
02 !2
12 !20,851,820
05 !5
06 !20.6%
28 !WSC

18 ! Louisiana
25 !25
39 !4,625,470
25 !25
39 !4,533,372
22 !22
36 !4,468,976
48 !48
64 !1.4%
29 !WSC

36 ! Oklahoma
28 !28
42 !3,850,568
28 !28
43 !3,751,351
27 !27
43 !3,450,654
24 !24
31 !8.7%
30 !WSC

04 ! Arkansas
32 !32
47 !2,959,373
32 !32
48 !2,915,918
33 !33
49 !2,673,400
22 !22
29 !9.1%
31 !WSC

59 !       West South Central
55 !5
11 !37,883,604
55 !5
11 !36,346,202
55 !5
11 !31,444,850
52 !2
11 !15.6%
32 !South

62 !       South
60 !1
02 !118,383,453
60 !1
02 !114,555,744
60 !1
02 !100,236,820
60 !1
15 !14.3%
33 !USA

13 ! Illinois
05 !5
19 !12,882,135
05 !5
19 !12,830,632
05 !5
19 !12,419,293
42 !42
54 !3.3%
34 !ENC

35 ! Ohio
07 !7
21 !11,570,808
07 !7
21 !11,536,504
07 !7
21 !11,353,140
47 !47
63 !1.6%
35 !ENC

22 ! Michigan
09 !9
23 !9,895,622
08 !8
22 !9,883,640
08 !8
22 !9,938,444
50 !50
66 !-0.6%
36 !ENC

14 ! Indiana
16 !16
30 !6,570,902
15 !15
29 !6,483,802
14 !14
28 !6,080,485
31 !31
39 !6.6%
37 !ENC

49 ! Wisconsin
20 !20
34 !5,742,713
20 !20
34 !5,686,986
18 !18
32 !5,363,675
34 !34
43 !6.0%
38 !ENC

51 !       East North Central
53 !3
08 !46,662,180
53 !3
08 !46,421,564
52 !2
07 !45,155,037
59 !9
59 !2.8%
39 !MWest

25 ! Missouri
18 !18
32 !6,044,171
18 !18
32 !5,988,927
17 !17
31 !5,595,211
29 !29
37 !7.0%
40 !WNC

23 ! Minnesota
21 !21
35 !5,420,380
21 !21
35 !5,303,925
21 !21
35 !4,919,479
26 !26
34 !7.8%
41 !WNC

15 ! Iowa
30 !30
45 !3,090,416
30 !30
46 !3,046,355
30 !30
46 !2,926,324
40 !40
50 !4.1%
42 !WNC

16 ! Kansas
34 !34
49 !2,893,957
33 !33
49 !2,853,118
32 !32
48 !2,688,418
33 !33
42 !6.1%
43 !WNC

27 ! Nebraska
37 !37
52 !1,868,516
38 !38
54 !1,826,341
38 !38
54 !1,711,263
30 !30
38 !6.7%
44 !WNC

41 ! South Dakota
46 !46
61 !844,877
46 !46
62 !814,180
46 !46
62 !754,844
25 !25
33 !7.9%
45 !WNC

34 !  North Dakota
48 !48
63 !723,393
48 !48
64 !672,591
47 !47
63 !642,200
36 !36
46 !4.7%
46 !WNC

58 !       West North Central
57 !7
14 !20,885,710
57 !7
14 !20,505,437
56 !6
13 !19,237,739
56 !6
40 !6.6%
47 !MWest

60 !       Midwest
62 !3
04 !67,547,890
62 !3
04 !66,927,001
61 !2
03 !64,392,776
62 !3
51 !3.9%
48 !USA

03 ! Arizona
15 !15
29 !6,626,624
16 !16
30 !6,392,017
20 !20
34 !5,130,632
02 !2
02 !24.6%
49 !Mtn

06 ! Colorado
22 !22
36 !5,268,367
22 !22
36 !5,029,196
24 !24
38 !4,301,261
09 !9
10 !16.9%
50 !Mtn

44 ! Utah
33 !33
48 !2,900,872
34 !34
50 !2,763,885
34 !34
50 !2,233,169
03 !3
03 !23.8%
51 !Mtn

28 ! Nevada
35 !35
50 !2,790,136
35 !35
51 !2,700,551
35 !35
51 !1,998,257
01 !1
01 !35.1%
52 !Mtn

31 ! New Mexico
36 !36
51 !2,085,287
36 !36
52 !2,059,179
36 !36
52 !1,819,046
15 !15
20 !13.2%
53 !Mtn

12 ! Idaho
39 !39
54 !1,612,136
39 !39
55 !1,567,582
39 !39
55 !1,293,953
04 !4
05 !21.1%
54 !Mtn

26 ! Montana
44 !44
59 !1,015,165
44 !44
60 !989,415
44 !44
60 !902,195
21 !21
28 !9.7%
55 !Mtn

50 ! Wyoming
50 !50
66 !582,658
50 !50
67 !563,626
50 !50
67 !493,782
12 !12
16 !14.1%
56 !Mtn

54 !       Mountain
56 !6
13 !22,881,245
56 !6
13 !22,065,451
57 !7
15 !18,172,295
51 !1
04 !21.4%
57 !West

05 ! California
01 !1
10 !38,332,521
01 !1
10 !37,253,956
01 !1
10 !33,871,648
20 !20
26 !10.0%
58 !Pac

47 ! Washington
13 !13
27 !6,971,406
13 !13
27 !6,724,540
15 !15
29 !5,894,121
13 !13
17 !14.1%
59 !Pac

37 ! Oregon
27 !27
41 !3,930,065
27 !27
42 !3,831,074
28 !28
44 !3,421,399
18 !18
23 !12.0%
60 !Pac

11 ! Hawaii
40 !40
55 !1,404,054
40 !40
56 !1,360,301
42 !42
58 !1,211,537
17 !17
22 !12.3%
61 !Pac

02 ! Alaska
47 !47
62 !735,132
47 !47
63 !710,231
48 !48
64 !626,932
14 !14
19 !13.3%
62 !Pac

56 !       Pacific
52 !2
07 !51,373,178
52 !2
07 !49,880,102
53 !3
08 !45,025,637
54 !4
25 !10.8%
63 !West

63 !       West
61 !2
03 !74,254,423
61 !2
03 !71,945,553
62 !3
04 !63,197,932
61 !2
18 !13.8%
64 !USA

65 ! 50 states and D.C.
65 !--
01 !316,128,839
65 !--
01 !308,745,538
65 !--
01 !281,421,906
65 !--
27 !9.7%
65 !NAmer

69 ! Puerto Rico
66 !1
43 !3,615,086
66 !1
44 !3,725,789
66 !1
42 !3,808,610
68 !3
68 !-2.2%
66 !Terr.

67 ! Guam
67 !2
68 !--
67 !2
68 !159,358
67 !2
68 !154,805
66 !1
58 !2.9%
67 !Terr.

70 ! U.S. Virgin Islands
68 !3
69 !--
68 !3
69 !106,405
68 !3
69 !108,612
67 !2
67 !-2.0%
68 !Terr.

66 ! American Samoa
69 !4
70 !--
69 !4
70 !55,519
70 !5
71 !57,291
69 !4
70 !-3.1%
69 !Terr.

68 ! Northern Mariana Islands
70 !5
71 !--
70 !5
71 !53,883
69 !4
70 !69,221
70 !5
71 !-22.2%
70 !Terr.

71 !       Total Territories
71 !--
67 !--
71 !--
41 !4,100,954
71 !--
39 !4,198,539
71 !--
69 !-2.3%
71 !USA


document_title: Laius

question_text: who made the prophecy about oedipus at his berth

root

text: Laius

text: Abduction of Chrysippus[edit]

text: While Laius was still young, Amphion and Zethus usurped the throne of Thebes. Some Thebans, wishing to see the line of Cadmus continue, smuggled Laius out of the city before their attack, in which they killed Lycus and took the throne.[1] Laius was welcomed by Pelops, king of Pisa in the Peloponnesus.[2] According to some sources, Laius abducted and raped the king's son, Chrysippus, and carried him off to Thebes while teaching him how to drive a chariot, or as Hyginus records it, during the Nemean games. This abduction is thought to be the subject of one of the lost tragedies of Euripides. With both Amphion and Zethus having died in his absence, Laius became king of Thebes upon his return.

tag: p

text: Later misfortunes[edit]

text: After the rape of Chrysippus, Laius married Jocasta or Epicasta, the daughter of Menoeceus, a descendant of the Spartoi. Laius received an oracle from Delphi which told him that he must not have a child, or the child would kill him and marry his wife; in another version, recorded by Aeschylus, Laius is warned that he can only save the city if he dies childless. One night, however, Laius was drunk and fathered Oedipus with her. On Laius's orders, the baby, Oedipus, was exposed on Mount Cithaeron with his feet bound (or perhaps staked to the ground), but he was taken by a shepherd, who did not have the resources to look after him, so he was given to King Polybus and Queen Merope (or Periboea) of Corinth who raised him to adulthood.[3]

text: When Oedipus desired to know more about his parentage, he consulted the Delphic Oracle, only to be told that he must not go to his home or he would kill his father and marry his mother. Thinking that he was from Corinth, he set out toward Thebes to avoid this fate.[3] At the road called 'Cleft Way,' he met Laius, who was going to Delphi to consult the oracle because he had received omens indicating that his son might return to kill him.[4] Oedipus refused to defer to the king, although Laius's attendants ordered him to. Being angered, Laius either rolled a chariot wheel over his foot or hit him with his whip, and Oedipus killed Laius and all but one of his attendants, who claims it was a gang of men. Laius was buried where he died by Damasistratus, the king of Plataea.[4] Later, Thebes is cursed with a disease because his murderer has not been punished.

text: Many of Laius's descendants met with ill fortune, but whether this was because he violated the laws of hospitality and marriage by carrying off his host's son and raping him, or because he ignored the oracle's warning not to have children, or some combination of these, is not clear. Another theory is that the entire line of Cadmus was cursed, either by Ares, when Cadmus killed his serpent, or else by Hephaestus, who resented the fact that Cadmus married Harmonia, the daughter of Ares and Aphrodite, Hephaestus's straying wife. Certainly many of Cadmus's descendants had tragic ends.


document_title: The Crown (TV series)

question_text: how many episodes in season 2 of thecrown

text: The Crown (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The Crown traces the life of Queen Elizabeth II from her wedding in 1947 through to the present day.[5] The first season, in which Claire Foy portrays the Queen in the early part of her reign, depicts events up to 1955, with Winston Churchill resigning as Prime Minister and the Queen's sister Princess Margaret deciding not to marry Peter Townsend.[6] The second season covers the Suez Crisis in 1956, the retirement of the Queen's third Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, in 1963 following the Profumo affair political scandal, and the birth of Prince Edward in 1964.[7][8][9]

text: Beginning with season three, Olivia Colman will portray the Queen.[10] Season three will cover Harold Wilson's time as Prime Minister,[11] and will also include Princess Margaret's five-year affair with baronet and gardening expert Roddy Llewellyn that leads to the Princess's divorce from Antony Armstrong-Jones in 1978.[7][12] It will also introduce Camilla Parker Bowles and Lady Diana Spencer, who will be a focus of the fourth season (set during Margaret Thatcher's premiership).[11]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Claire Foy as Princess Elizabeth and later Queen Elizabeth II.[5]
Matt Smith as Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and later Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Elizabeth's husband[5]
Vanessa Kirby as Princess Margaret, Elizabeth's younger sister.[5]
Eileen Atkins as Queen Mary, Elizabeth's grandmother[13] (season 1)
Jeremy Northam as Anthony Eden, Churchill's Foreign Secretary, who succeeds him as Prime Minister[14]
Victoria Hamilton as Queen Elizabeth, George VI's wife and Elizabeth's mother, known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother during her daughter's reign[5]
Ben Miles as Group Captain Peter Townsend, George VI's equerry, who hopes to marry Princess Margaret[15]
Greg Wise as Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Philip's ambitious uncle and great-grandson of Queen Victoria
Jared Harris as King George VI, Elizabeth's father, known to his family as Bertie[5]
John Lithgow as Winston Churchill, the Queen's first Prime Minister[5]
Alex Jennings as the Duke of Windsor, formerly King Edward VIII, who abdicated in favour of his younger brother Bertie to marry Wallis Simpson; known to his family as David[16]
Lia Williams as Wallis, Duchess of Windsor, Edward's American wife[16]
Anton Lesser as Harold Macmillan, who follows Anthony Eden as Prime Minister[17] (season 2)
Matthew Goode as Antony Armstrong-Jones, known as Tony, a society photographer who marries Princess Margaret[7] (season 2)

tag: ul

text: Featured[edit]

text: The below actors are credited in the opening titles of single episodes in which they play a significant role.

text:
Stephen Dillane as Graham Sutherland, a noted artist who paints a portrait of the aging Churchill (season 1)
Gemma Whelan as Patricia Campbell, a secretary who works with Altrincham and types up his editorial (season 2)
John Heffernan as Lord Altrincham, a writer who penned a scathing criticism of the Queen (season 2)
Paul Sparks as Billy Graham, a prominent American preacher with whom Elizabeth consults (season 2)[16]
Michael C. Hall as John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States who visits the Queen (season 2)
Jodi Balfour as Jacqueline Kennedy, the First Lady of the United States (season 2)
Burghart Klaussner as Dr. Kurt Hahn, the founder of Gordonstoun, where Philip and Charles went to school (season 2)
Finn Elliot as school-aged Prince Philip (season 2)[16]
Julian Baring as school-aged Prince Charles (season 2)[16]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Billy Jenkins as young Prince Charles
Clive Francis as Lord Salisbury
Pip Torrens as Tommy Lascelles
Harry Hadden-Paton as Martin Charteris
Daniel Ings as Mike Parker
Lizzy McInnerny as Margaret "Bobo" MacDonald
Michael Bertenshaw as the Master of the Household
Patrick Ryecart as the Duke of Norfolk
Will Keen as Michael Adeane
James Laurenson as Doctor Weir
Mark Tandy as Cecil Beaton
Michael Culkin as Rab Butler
George Asprey as Walter Monckton
James Hillier as Equerry
Anna Madeley as Clarissa Eden
Nick Hendrix (season 1) and Tom Durant-Pritchard (season 2) as Billy Wallace
Josh Taylor as Johnny Dalkeith
David Shields (season 1) and Pip Carter (season 2) as Colin Tennant[18]
Julius D'Silva as Baron Nahum
Jo Herbert as Mary Charteris
Richard Clifford as Norman Hartnell
Joseph Kloska as Porchey
Amir Boutrous as Gamal Abdel Nasser
Abigail Parmenter as Judy Montagu

text: Season 1[edit]

text:
Harriet Walter as Clementine Churchill[14]
Nicholas Rowe as Jock Colville[13]
Simon Chandler as Clement Attlee
Kate Phillips as Venetia Scott
Ronald Pickup as the Archbishop of Canterbury
Nigel Cooke as Harry Crookshank
Patrick Drury as the Lord Chamberlain
John Woodvine as the Archbishop of York
Rosalind Knight as Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark
Andy Sanderson as Prince Henry[13]
Verity Russell as young Princess Elizabeth
Beau Gadsdon as young Princess Margaret
Jo Stone-Fewings as Collins
Tony Guilfoyle as the Bishop of Durham
Paul Thornley as Bill Mattheson

text: Season 2[edit]

text:
Chloe Pirrie as Eileen Parker
Nicholas Burns as Anthony Nutting
Lucy Russell as Lady Mountbatten
Richard Elfyn as Selwyn Lloyd
Adrian Lukis as Vice-Admiral Sir Conolly Abel Smith
Sophie Leigh Stone as Princess Alice of Battenberg
Guy Williams as Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark
Leonie Benesch as Princess Cecile of Greece and Denmark
Simon Paisley Day as Meryn Lewis
Sylvestra Le Touzel as Dorothy Macmillan
Catherine Bailey as Elizabeth Cavendish
Paul Clayton as Bob Boothby
Yolanda Kettle as Camilla Fry
Ed Cooper Clarke as Jeremy Fry
Ryan Sampson as Dudley Moore
Tim Steed as John Profumo
Lyla Barrett-Rye as young Princess Anne
Robert Irons as Freddie Bishop
Patrick Warner as Peter Cook
Oliver Maltman as Jim Orr
David Annen as Alec Douglas-Home

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
1
"Wolferton Splash"
Stephen Daldry
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

In November 1947, Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark renounces his royal titles in order to marry Princess Elizabeth, King George VI's elder daughter and heiress presumptive. The newlyweds move to Malta, where Philip returns to the Royal Navy and Elizabeth gives birth to her son Charles and her daughter Anne. In 1951, the couple returns to London when King George undergoes surgery for lung cancer. After being told that he has months to live, the King counsels Philip on how to further assist Elizabeth when she becomes the new sovereign. Meanwhile, former Conservative Prime Minister Winston Churchill and his wife Clementine return to Downing Street following six years of a Labour government.

2
2
"Hyde Park Corner"
Stephen Daldry
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

In 1952, with King George still in ill health, Elizabeth and Philip tour the Commonwealth in his place. While the couple is on safari in Kenya, the King is found dead in his bed. His wife Queen Elizabeth, younger daughter Margaret, and widowed mother Queen Mary mourn as news of George's sudden passing spreads via radio to the rest of the world. Philip breaks the news to Elizabeth, who returns to the United Kingdom as Queen and reunites with her family in their grief.

3
3
"Windsor"
Philip Martin
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

In February 1952, as the Royal Family prepares for King George's funeral, Elizabeth's uncle the Duke of Windsor, who has been living in Paris with Wallis Simpson since his abdication in 1936, arrives in the United Kingdom. This causes the Queen Mother and Queen Mary to reopen old wounds surrounding his choice of wife. Elizabeth meets Churchill to discuss Philip's requests that his family keep the name Mountbatten, and live at Clarence House rather than move into Buckingham Palace. The Prime Minister is reluctant to grant either request; Elizabeth later drops them after receiving counsel from the Duke of Windsor. Churchill later informs Elizabeth that the date for her coronation has been set for the following year; she understands that Churchill is trying to secure his position within his own party, which is eager for Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden to replace him.

4
4
"Act of God"
Julian Jarrold
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

In December 1952, as a great smog affects London and kills thousands, Elizabeth's advisors pressure her to ask Churchill, who referred to the event as an "act of God", to step down. While initially reluctant to do so, the Queen summons him for a private audience after he comes under fire from the opposition and refuses to discuss the smog at a Cabinet meeting. Before the meeting, Churchill's eyes are finally opened when his beloved secretary, Venetia Scott, is killed by a double-decker bus. He makes an impassioned speech outside the hospital where Venetia's body is being held, promising a longer-term approach to preventing future smog. His speech prompts Elizabeth to change her mind, when the smog clears moments before their audience takes place. Philip begins flying lessons from Royal Air Force Group Captain Peter Townsend, who is having a clandestine relationship with Margaret.

5
5
"Smoke and Mirrors"
Philip Martin
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

The Duke of Windsor clashes with Elizabeth's Private Secretary Tommy Lascelles after being asked not to attend Elizabeth's coronation and learning that Wallis will also not be receiving an invitation. Elizabeth places Philip in charge of preparations, only to regret her decision when he upsets her with a request that he should forgo kneeling to pay homage when she is crowned, and his insistence that the event be televised, which annoys the committee. On June 2, Elizabeth is crowned at Westminster Abbey. The Duke and Duchess of Windsor view the coverage from their villa in Paris, and spitefully mock the new Queen.

6
6
"Gelignite"
Julian Jarrold
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

When Margaret and Townsend ask for Elizabeth's permission to marry, the Queen promises her support, while Lascelles and the Queen Mother advise against it. As a local newspaper publishes an article about the relationship, Elizabeth changes her mind after learning that the Royal Marriages Act of 1772 prohibits Margaret from marrying without permission until she turns twenty-five. Elizabeth and Philip take Townsend, who is set to be posted to Brussels, with them on a trip to Northern Ireland, but his popularity causes Lascelles to recommend that he be posted to Brussels sooner than promised, causing a lasting rift between the two sisters.

7
7
"Scientia Potentia Est"
Benjamin Caron
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

In August 1953, Churchill urges an international summit with American President Dwight D. Eisenhower in response to the Soviet Union testing their first thermonuclear weapon. At the last minute, Churchill falls victim to a stroke, which inhibits his ability to govern and prompts Conservative Lord Salisbury to try and keep his ailment secret. Meanwhile, Elizabeth contemplates whether to replace the retiring Lascelles with senior deputy Michael Adeane or with her preferred choice Martin Charteris. She later engages a private tutor to improve her knowledge of science, which helps her gain enough courage to dress down Churchill and Salisbury for lying to her.

8
8
"Pride & Joy"
Philip Martin
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

With Elizabeth and Philip on a stressful tour of the Commonwealth, Margaret takes on more royal engagements, and the Queen Mother goes to Scotland to reflect on her new position. While she is there, she buys a castle. Meanwhile, Philip grows frustrated over Elizabeth using him as a prop, and the couple have a heated argument that is recorded by photographers. While Elizabeth convinces the photographers to surrender the recording, she and Phillip remain unable to resolve the argument, but must pretend to have a stable relationship for the public's sake. Churchill visits Margaret and, after explaining that the public do not want someone with passion or personality, tells her that she will no longer be taking on royal engagements.

9
9
"Assassins"
Benjamin Caron
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

Philip begins spending more time away from home, while Elizabeth begins spending time with her horse racing manager and friend Lord "Porchey" Porchester. The tension escalates after Elizabeth has a direct line put in for Porchey to call Buckingham Palace, and culminates in a heated confrontation. Elizabeth later tells Philip that he is the only man she has ever loved, which has disappointed many others. He, in turn, silently mouths an apology after she makes a moving speech at Churchill's eightieth birthday dinner. As part of the celebrations, contemporary artist Graham Sutherland paints a portrait of Churchill as a birthday gift from Parliament. However, the Prime Minister hates its accuracy and, after a heated confrontation with Sutherland, admits his pain at what aging has done to him. The portrait is later destroyed on Clementine's instructions.

10
10
"Gloriana"
Philip Martin
Peter Morgan
November 4, 2016 (2016-11-04)

In 1956, Elizabeth finds herself torn when the public approves, but officials from Parliament and the Church of England disapprove, of Margaret's relationship with Townsend. As Elizabeth tries to dissuade Margaret from the relationship, the Queen Mother complains at Philip's domineering attitude towards Charles. At the suggestion of both Lascelles and the Queen Mother, Elizabeth asks Philip to open the Summer Olympics in Melbourne so he can adjust to life in her shadow. A five-month royal tour onboard the newly commissioned Royal Yacht is later added to Philip's itinerary, to which Elizabeth responds by suggesting that he be thankful everyone is helping him to find a public role. Meanwhile, Eden replaces Churchill as Prime Minister and becomes trapped in an escalating dispute with Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser over rights to the Suez Canal.

tag: table

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

11
1
"Misadventure"
Philip Martin
Peter Morgan
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)

In February 1957, Elizabeth and Philip discuss the state of their marriage while onboard the Britannia in Lisbon, seeing that divorce is not an option. Five months earlier, Elizabeth had suspected he may be having an affair after finding a photograph of Russian ballerina Galina Ulanova in his briefcase. Chancellor of the Exchequer Harold Macmillan challenges Eden's solution to the Egyptian takeover of the Suez Canal, but then agrees to military intervention. Philip's uncle Earl Mountbatten overhears and warns Elizabeth, who confronts Eden about the Israeli invasion of Sinai. Eden confesses that there is a secret agreement between the Israeli, French and British governments to reclaim the canal from the Egyptians, without approval from Parliament or the United Nations. British forces begin moving into Egypt. After her nightly prayers she resolutely closes the door to the room with an empty double bed.

12
2
"A Company of Men"
Philip Martin
Peter Morgan
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)

In December 1956, Eden withdraws British forces from Egypt following international political pressure, before going on holiday to Jamaica to recover his health. Meanwhile, Philip continues his royal tour, punctuated by an interview which he abandons when the reporter asks about his family history. At Christmas, Philip makes a radio broadcast, prompting Elizabeth to let him know that his family is waiting for him as part of her Christmas Message. Meanwhile, Eileen, the wife of Philip's private secretary Michael, initiates divorce proceedings because her husband has had an affair that started at Philip's lunch club. Elizabeth's assistant private secretary Martin Charteris warns Adeane that this could cause the press to start asking about Elizabeth and Philip's own marriage.

13
3
"Lisbon"
Philip Martin
Peter Morgan
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)

Eden returns from Jamaica to find himself forced out of Downing Street by the Cabinet and the Conservative Party, who blame him for the Suez Crisis. As Macmillan becomes Prime Minister, Adeane enlists a retired Lascelles to change Eileen's mind about the divorce. When he fails, and Elizabeth, Philip, and Parker learn about the decision, Elizabeth attempts to convince her to hold off an announcement, but she is rebuffed. The story goes public, prompting Philip to force Parker to resign. Elizabeth arranges Philip's return before meeting the Britannia in Lisbon, where they again discuss their marriage. Philip says that he resents his son outranking him, and needs more respect from the court and palace staff. On February 22, 1957, Philip is made a Prince and becomes "His Royal Highness the Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh".

14
4
"Beryl"
Benjamin Caron
Amy Jenkins and Peter Morgan
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)

Shortly before her birthday, Margaret accepts a marriage proposal from her friend Billy Wallace. She breaks off the engagement on finding him drunk and recovering from a duel on the night of the intended announcement, during a gala celebrating Elizabeth and Philip's tenth wedding anniversary. Later, she meets photographer Antony Armstrong-Jones at a dinner party and becomes infatuated with him. He invites her to his studio for a sitting. Bored with traditional birthday pictures, she gives one of the photos, which suggests that she is nude, to the newspapers. The following day, the picture is published, shocking Elizabeth and the rest of the Royal Family. Macmillan's wife Dorothy decides to end her longtime affair, but Macmillan overhears her talking to her lover on the telephone.

15
5
"Marionettes"
Philippa Lowthorpe
Peter Morgan
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)

Lord Altrincham, a minor peer and magazine editor, sparks a constitutional crisis after writing an article criticising Elizabeth. The piece was written after he had listened to a radio broadcast of a particularly tone-deaf speech of hers, written by her aides, to workers at a car factory. While both local newspapers and the general public are initially against him, they support him after he appears on ITV and argues that the monarchy must adapt to post-war and post-Suez society. Macmillan reminds Elizabeth of the trend of nations to abolish their monarchies, prompting her to meet with Altrincham in secret. She later implements two of his suggestions: that the 1957 Royal Christmas Message be televised, and that the Debutante Ball be opened to some of her subjects. Six months later, the Queen Mother expresses embarrassment over the monarchy's slow loss of authority, while hosting a garden party.

16
6
"Vergangenheit"
Philippa Lowthorpe
Peter Morgan
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)

In 1945 Germany, a German officer leads American soldiers to a box containing top-secret diplomatic papers. After discovering that these contain information about "Windsor", Churchill informs King George and is asked to ensure that the files are never published. In 1958, shortly before meeting American evangelist Billy Graham, Elizabeth receives a letter from the Duke of Windsor asking permission to re-enter the UK to find employment. She agrees, but he starts convincing former sycophants to support his return. When historians unearth the papers, reorganised and titled the Marburg Files, Macmillan brings the matter before Elizabeth. He and the Queen Mother explain that one volume, which the United States wants published, concerns the Duke of Windsor's clandestine relationship with the Nazi High Command. After a confrontation with the Duke does not go as planned, Elizabeth asks Lascelles for advice, only to learn the extent of the relationship. She then seeks spiritual counsel from Reverend Graham, before exiling the Duke of Windsor for betraying his country and allowing the volume to be published.

17
7
"Matrimonium"
Benjamin Caron
Peter Morgan
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)

After learning that Townsend is engaged to a much younger woman, Margaret retaliates by pressing Armstrong-Jones into proposing marriage. Because Elizabeth is pregnant, protocol prevents her from announcing the engagement. Adeane and Lascelles inform Elizabeth that Armstrong-Jones is currently engaged in sexual relationships with other women, and also with his best male friend and his wife, who is pregnant with what might be Armstrong-Jones's child. Elizabeth gives birth to Prince Andrew. She decides against telling Margaret about Armstrong-Jones's sexual activities. Margaret and Armstrong-Jones are married at Westminster Abbey.

18
8
"Dear Mrs. Kennedy"
Stephen Daldry
Peter Morgan
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)

Elizabeth invites newly-inaugurated American President John F. Kennedy and his wife Jackie to Buckingham Palace for dinner. The Queen finds common ground with the First Lady, only to become annoyed on hearing that Jackie had insulted both her and the Palace at a party. Feeling challenged, she travels to Ghana to meet President Kwame Nkrumah, whose relationship with the Soviet Union is worrying Macmillan. Elizabeth convinces him to cut ties with the Soviet Union and to realign Ghana with the United Kingdom, in exchange for agreeing to dance the foxtrot with him. Later, Jackie makes an unexpected visit to the UK and sits down with Elizabeth at Windsor Castle, where she apologises for insulting her, explaining that she had been under the influence of "substances". Elizabeth later confides in Philip, asking him if she should have responded in a more personal way. President Kennedy is assassinated, and Elizabeth arranges for a week of mourning to take place. She also sends Jackie a personal letter of sympathy.

19
9
"Paterfamilias"
Stephen Daldry
Tom Edge and Peter Morgan
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)

On Philip's insistence Charles is sent to Gordonstoun School. Elizabeth and Louis, who are against the idea, recommend Eton College, only for Philip to use his deal with Elizabeth to compel her to back him. As he takes Charles to Scotland, Philip recalls his time at the school, when he was punished for fighting by being forced to construct the school's front gate during the winter holiday, and when his favourite sister Cecile and her family had died in a plane crash, for which his father Andrew blamed him. Charles starts to struggle with Gordonstoun's rigorous curriculum and, when he disappears during the Gordonstoun challenge, is found crying by his security detail. Philip admonishes Charles for being "bloody weak".

20
10
"Mystery Man"
Benjamin Caron
Peter Morgan
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)

In 1963, the government is thrown into chaos by an affair between the Secretary of State for War John Profumo and model Christine Keeler becoming public knowledge. When the media begins to speculate about a "mystery man" seen in a photograph taken at a party hosted by London osteopath Stephen Ward, who is charged with immorality offences, Margaret and Tony notice the similarities with Philip. Ward commits suicide, and the police find a hand-drawn portrait of Philip among his belongings. An embarrassed Macmillan resigns, and is succeeded by Alec Douglas-Home, whose appointment is controversial due to his relationship with the Royal Family. Elizabeth asks Philip if he is the mystery man, and confronts him with the photograph of Ulanova. Philip admits to knowing Ward in a minor capacity, having visited his clinic the previous year after injuring his neck. He denies attending Ward's weekend parties, and reaffirms his love and support for Elizabeth. Elizabeth gives birth to her fourth child.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Peter Morgan, who wrote the 2006 film The Queen and the 2013 stage play The Audience, is the main scriptwriter for The Crown.[19] The directors of the television series who were also involved in the stage production are Stephen Daldry, Philip Martin, Julian Jarrold, and Benjamin Caron.[20] The first 10-part season was the most expensive drama produced by Netflix and Left Bank Pictures to date, costing at least £100 million.[21][22][23][24] A second season was commissioned,[25][26] with the series intended to span 60 episodes over six seasons.[5] By October 2017, "early production" had begun on an anticipated third and fourth season,[10] and by the following January, Netflix confirmed the series had been renewed for a third and fourth season.[11]

text: Casting[edit]

text: By November 2014, Claire Foy had entered negotiations to portray Queen Elizabeth II in the series.[27] The following May, Vanessa Kirby was in negotiations to portray Princess Margaret.[28] In June 2015, John Lithgow was cast as Winston Churchill, and Matt Smith was cast as Prince Phillip; Foy was confirmed as Queen Elizabeth II.[29] Also starring in the first season were Victoria Hamilton, Jared Harris, and Eileen Atkins.[30]

text: The Left Bank producers noted that Smith was paid more than Foy in the first two seasons, partially because of his Doctor Who fame.[31] This information brought up discussion on the gender pay gap, including the creation of a petition asking Smith to donate the difference between his and Foy's salary to the Time's Up Legal Defense Fund.[32] Left Bank later issued an apology to Foy and Smith for putting them "at the center of a media storm... through no fault of their own." Left Bank also clarified that they "are responsible for budgets and salaries; the actors are not aware of who gets what, and cannot be held personally responsible for the pay of their colleagues." They added that they support "the drive for gender equality in film and TV and [were] eager to talk to the British Time’s Up campaign and [were] already speaking to Era 50:50, a group campaigning for gender equality on screen and stage."[33] Suzanne Mackie, Left Bank's creative director, did note that moving forward, no other actor would be paid more than the actress portraying the Queen.[31] Regarding the controversy, Foy was "not [surprised about the interest in the story] in the sense that it was a female-led drama. I'm not surprised that people saw [the story] and went, 'Oh, that's a bit odd.' But I know that Matt feels the same that I do, that it's odd to find yourself at the center [of a story] that you didn't particularly ask for."[34]

text: The producers will recast some roles with older actors every two seasons, as the timeline moves forward and the characters age.[35] In October 2017, Olivia Colman was cast as Queen Elizabeth II for the third and fourth seasons.[10] By January 2018, Helena Bonham Carter and Paul Bettany were in negotiations to portray Princess Margaret and Prince Philip, respectively, for these seasons.[36][9] However, by the end of the month Bettany was forced to drop out due to the time commitment required.[12] By the end of March 2018, Tobias Menzies was cast as Prince Phillip for the third and fourth seasons, and Carter was confirmed to have been cast.[37]

text: Filming[edit]

text: An estimated 25% of the first season was filmed at Elstree Studios in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, with the remainder filmed on location, altogether taking 152 days. Sets for private quarters, the interior of a private jet, the cabinet room, and the exterior of 10 Downing Street, were built at Elstree Studios,[26][38] while Lancaster House, Wrotham Park and Wilton House were used to double as Buckingham Palace. Ely Cathedral stood in for Westminster Abbey, while locations in South Africa doubled as Kenya.[26] Additional locations in the UK included Eltham Palace, the Royal Naval College,[39] Goldsmiths' Hall, Shoreham Airport, New Slains Castle,[40] Balmoral Castle, Cruden Bay, Lyceum Theatre, Loseley Park, Hatfield House,[38] The Historic Dockyard Chatham,[41] Southwark Cathedral, Ardverikie House, Englefield House, and the Glenfeshie Estate.[42] Filming on the second season began in early October 2016.[35] Each episode of the first two seasons would shoot for about 22 days, with each costing about GB£5 million (US$7 million) to produce. The third season is expected to begin filming in July 2018.[31]

text: Historical accuracy[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The show has been interpreted as perpetuating the idea that the Queen and Prime Minister Churchill had forced Princess Margaret to give up her plan to marry Group Captain Peter Townsend. In the series the Queen is seen telling her sister that if she marries Townsend she would no longer be a member of the family because of the Royal Marriages Act 1772. Yet there is clear evidence that in reality efforts had been made to prevent any further delay of the marriage, which would have allowed Princess Margaret to keep her royal title and her civil list allowance, stay in the country and even continue with her public duties. [43]

text: The re-enactment of the removal of the King's cancerous lung, originally performed by Sir Clement Price Thomas, was researched and planned by Pankaj Chandak, specialist in transplant surgery at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London. Chandak and his surgical team also became part of the real scene.[44] The surgical model of King George VI was donated to the Gordon Museum of Pathology for use as a teaching aid.[45]

text: Peggy Noonan of The Wall Street Journal highlighted the historical inaccuracy of the series, and argued for "more truth in art and entertainment".[46]

text: Release[edit]

text: The series's first two episodes were released theatrically in the United Kingdom on November 1, 2016.[47] The first season was released worldwide in its entirety on November 4, 2016.[48][49] The second season was released on December 8, 2017.[50]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported 90% approval for the first season based on 51 reviews, with an average rating of 8.7/10. Its critical consensus reads, "Powerful performances and lavish cinematography make The Crown a top-notch production worthy of its grand subject."[51] On Metacritic, the series holds a score of 81 out of 100, based on 29 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[52]

text: The Guardian's TV critic Lucy Mangan praised the series and wrote that "Netflix can rest assured that its £100m gamble has paid off. This first series, about good old British phlegm from first to last, is the service's crowning achievement so far."[53] Writing for The Daily Telegraph, Ben Lawrence said, "The Crown is a PR triumph for the Windsors, a compassionate piece of work that humanises them in a way that has never been seen before. It is a portrait of an extraordinary family, an intelligent comment on the effects of the constitution on their personal lives and a fascinating account of postwar Britain all rolled into one."[54] Chief television critic Jaci Stephen of The Mail on Sunday lauded the series and said, "Faultless is the only word for The Crown with its exquisite writing and magnificent acting."[55] Writing for The Boston Globe, Matthew Gilbert also praised the series saying, "The show, created and written by Peter Morgan of The Queen and Frost/Nixon is thoroughly engaging, gorgeously shot, beautifully acted, rich in the historical events of postwar England, and designed with a sharp eye to psychological nuance."[56] Vicki Hyman of The Star-Ledger said, "A sumptuous, stately but never dull look inside the life of Queen Elizabeth".[57] The A.V. Club's Gwen Ihnat said, "The Crown easily rises far above, adding a cinematic quality to a complex and intricate time for an intimate family. The performers and creators are seemingly up for the task."[58]

text: The Wall Street Journal critic Dorothy Rabinowitz said, "We're clearly meant to see the duke [of Windsor] as a wastrel with heart. It doesn't quite come off—Mr. Jennings is far too convincing as an empty-hearted scoundrel—but it's a minor flaw in this superbly sustained work."[59] Television critic Robert Lloyd writing for the Los Angeles Times said, "As television it's excellent—beautifully mounted, movingly played and only mildly melodramatic."[60] Hank Stuever of The Washington Post also reviewed the series positively: "Pieces of The Crown are more brilliant on their own than they are as a series, taken in as shorter, intently focused films like The Queen and another Morgan achievement, the play and film versions of Frost/Nixon."[61] Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times said, "This is a thoughtful series that lingers over death rather than using it for shock value; one that finds its story lines in small power struggles rather than gruesome palace coups.".[62] The Hollywood Reporter's Daniel Fienberg said, "The first chapter of Peter Morgan's chronicle of the rule of Queen Elizabeth II remains gripping across the entirety of the 10 episodes made available to critics, finding both emotional heft in Elizabeth's youthful ascension and unexpected suspense in matters of courtly protocol and etiquette."[63] Other publications such as USA Today,[64] Indiewire,[65] The Atlantic,[66] CNN[67] and Variety[68] all reviewed the series positively.

text: Some were more critical of the show. In a review for Time magazine, Daniel D'Addario wrote that it "will be compared to Downton Abbey, but that .. was able to invent ahistorical or at least unexpected notes. Foy struggles mightily, but she's given little: Avoiding her children, her husband, and her subjects in favor of meetings at which she either acquiesces to her advisors or puts off acquiescing until fifteen minutes later, The Crown's Elizabeth is more than unknowable. She's a bore".[69] Vulture's Matt Zoller Seitz concluded, "The Crown never entirely figures out how to make the political and domestic drama genuinely dramatic, much less bestow complexity on characters outside England's innermost circle."[70] Verne Gay of Newsday said, "Sumptuously produced but glacially told, The Crown is the TV equivalent of a long drive through the English countryside. The scenery keeps changing, but remains the same."[71] Slate magazine's Willa Paskin, commented: "It will scratch your period drama itch—and leave you itchy for action."[72] Writing for The Mail on Sunday, Hugo Vickers, an English biographer of the Royal Family, argued that "while [The Crown] certainly holds the attention, it is marred by a series of sensationalist errors and some quite remarkable lapses into vulgarity."[73]

text: Season 2[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating for the second season based on 69 reviews, with an average rating of 8.45 /10. The website's critical consensus read "The Crown continues its reign with a self-assured sophomore season that indulges in high drama and sumptuous costumes."[74] On Metacritic, the second season holds a score of 87 out of 100, based on 27 critics, retaining the first season's indication of "universal acclaim".[75]

text: Foy and Smith both earned significant praise from critics. Chancellor Agard of Entertainment Weekly wrote "As always, Claire Foy turns in an amazingly restrained performance."[76] Gabriel Tate of The Daily Telegraph wrote "Matt Smith, too, has seldom been better. If the scripts do them justice, we could be in for another memorable series."[77] Hugo Rifkind of The Times said "While ardent monarchists might bristle at the way this is going, for the rest of us it's getting better and better."[78]

text: Alison Keene of Collider said "Like its first season, each new episode makes its mark and tells its own complete story, all while staying linked to Elizabeth's journey as a monarch, mother, and wife. It's another exceptionally strong season of television, full of compelling drama and sweeping grandeur."[79] Krutika Malikarjuna of TV Guide wrote "Season 2 is centered on why the public-at-large (especially those outside of Britain) still engage with the royals at all: celebrity and star power. The brilliance of this framing becomes clear as the show evolves into The Real Housewives of Buckingham."[80] Sophie Gilbert wrote for The Atlantic "This personal, complex portrayal of a monarch who by her own admission in the show would rather be living any other life is riveting enough. But The Crown is also a history lesson, as my colleague David Sims has put it, albeit a selective one. It's gorgeously shot, with flawless re-creations of everything from the Throne Room in Buckingham Palace to a 1950s hospital ward. And it's surprisingly funny."[81]

text: The Wall Street Journal critic John Anderson said "The Crown attains genuine sexiness without sex. Margaret, à la Ms. Kirby's interpretation, smolders, as does Elizabeth, at least on occasion."[82] Meghan O'Keefe of Decider wrote "Season Two of The Crown continues to romanticize the British royal family, but the romance comes from how they're normal, not divine."[83]

text: Less complimentary reviews saw the season criticised for what some regarded as failing to meet the emotional intensity of the first. John Doyle wrote for Globe and Mail "Yes, it is still so lavishly made that it is breathtaking. But The Crown now leans toward a three-hanky weeper about marriage. It is less than it was, like the monarchy itself, and of interest to monarchy fans only."[84] Alan Sepinwall of Uproxx added "Many of the season's wounds are self-inflicted, in particular Morgan's mystifying fascination with Prince Philip, who despite Matt Smith's best efforts still comes across as a whiny man-child."[85] Phil Owen of The Wrap described the season as "trashy" and saw dry comedy in Northam's portrayal of Prime Minister Anthony Eden: "I'm assuming that creator Peter Morgan meant for it to be comedy. There's really no other explanation for why Jeremy Northam played Prime Minister Anthony Eden like he's having a nervous breakdown in every scene."[86]

text: The Royal family[edit]

text: Adam Helliker from the Daily Express reported in May 2017 that Queen Elizabeth II and her third son Prince Edward and his wife Sophie had watched the first season together. Other royal family members who were fans of the first season included the Queen's granddaughters Princess Eugenie, Zara Tindall and her husband Mike Tindall. While the Queen was reported to have enjoyed the series, she found some depictions of events to be "too heavily dramatised".[87]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2016
American Film Institute Awards
Top 10 TV Programs of the Year
The Crown
Won
[88]

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Drama Series
Nominated
[89]

Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
John Lithgow
Won

Best Guest Performer in a Drama Series
Jared Harris
Nominated

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
Best Main Title – TV Show/Digital Streaming Series
Hans Zimmer
Nominated
[90]

2017
Golden Globe Awards
Best Television Series – Drama
The Crown
Won
[91]

Best Actress – Television Series Drama
Claire Foy
Won

Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
John Lithgow
Nominated

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
The Crown
Nominated
[92]

Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
John Lithgow
Won

Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series
Claire Foy
Won

Art Directors Guild Awards
One-Hour Period or Fantasy Single-Camera Television Series
Martin Childs
Nominated
[93]

American Cinema Editors Awards
Best Edited One Hour Series for Non-Commercial Television
Yan Miles (for "Assassins")
Nominated
[94]

Satellite Awards
Best Television Series – Drama
The Crown
Won
[95]

Best Supporting Actor – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Jared Harris
Nominated

Costume Designers Guild Awards
Outstanding Period Television Series
Michele Clapton
Won
[96]

Dorian Awards
TV Drama of the Year
The Crown
Nominated

TV Performance of the Year – Actress
Claire Foy
Nominated

Broadcasting Press Guild Awards
Best Online First/Streaming
The Crown
Won
[97]
[98]

Best Actor
Matt Smith
Nominated

Best Actress
Claire Foy
Nominated

Best Writer
Peter Morgan
Nominated

Irish Film and Television Awards
Best Editing
Úna Ní Dhonghaíle
Nominated
[99]

Location Managers Guild Awards
Outstanding Locations in Period Television
Pat Karam, Robert Bentley
Won
[100]

BAFTA Television Craft Awards
Best Costume Design
Michele Clapton
Won
[101]
[102]

Best Director: Fiction
Stephen Daldry
Nominated

Best Photography and Lightning: Fiction
Adriano Goldman
Nominated

Best Production Design
Martin Childs
Nominated

Best Special, Visual and Graphic Effects
Úna Ní Dhonghaíle, Molinare
Won

Best Title and Graphic Identity
Patrick Clair, Raoul Marks
Nominated

Best Writer: Drama
Peter Morgan
Nominated

BAFTA Television Awards
Best Drama Series
The Crown
Nominated
[103]

Best Actress
Claire Foy
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor
John Lithgow
Nominated

Jared Harris
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress
Vanessa Kirby
Nominated

Glamour Awards
Best UK TV Actress
Won
[104]

TCA Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Drama
The Crown
Nominated
[105]

Outstanding New Program
Nominated

Individual Achievement in Drama
Claire Foy
Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
The Crown
Nominated
[106]

Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series
Claire Foy
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
John Lithgow
Won

Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series
Stephen Daldry
Nominated

Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series
Peter Morgan
Nominated

Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards
Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series
Nina Gold, Robert Sterne
Nominated

Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series (One Hour)
Adriano Goldman
Nominated

Outstanding Costumes for a Period/Fantasy Series, Limited Series, or Movie

Nominees[show]

Michele Clapton, Alex Fordham, Emma O'Loughlin and Kate O'Farrell

Won

Outstanding Hairstyling for a Single-Camera Series
Ivana Primorac, Amy Riley
Nominated

Outstanding Main Title Design

Nominees[show]

Patrick Clair, Raoul Marks, Javier Leon Carrillo and Jeff Han

Nominated

Outstanding Music Composition for a Series
Rupert Gregson-Williams
Nominated

Outstanding Production Design for a Narrative Period Program (One Hour or More)

Nominees[show]

Martin Childs, Mark Raggett and Celia Bobak

Won

Outstanding Special Visual Effects in a Supporting Role

Nominees[show]

Ben Turner, Tom Debenham, Standish Millennas, Kim Phelan, Oliver Cubbage, Lionel Heath, Charlie Bennet, Stephen Smith and Carmine Agnone

Nominated

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
Original Score – TV Show/Limited Series
Rupert Gregson-Williams
Nominated
[107]

American Film Institute Awards
Top 10 TV Programs of the Year
The Crown
Won
[108]

2018
ASC Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Regular Series for Non-Commercial Television
Adriano Goldman (for "Smoke and Mirrors")
Won
[109]

Art Directors Guild Awards
One-Hour Period or Fantasy Single-Camera Television Series

Nominees[show]

Martin Childs (for "A Company of Men", "Beryl", "Dear Mrs. Kennedy")

Nominated
[110]

Cinema Audio Society Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Television Series – One Hour

Nominees[show]

Chris Ashworth, Lee Walpole, Stuart Hilliker, Martin Jensen, Rory de Carteret, Philip Clements (for "Misadventure")

Nominated
[111]

Costume Designers Guild Awards
Excellence in Period Television Series
Jane Petrie
Won
[112]

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Drama Series
The Crown
Nominated
[113]

Best Actress in a Drama Series
Claire Foy
Nominated

Producers Guild of America Awards
Norman Felton Award for Outstanding Producer of Episodic Television, Drama
The Crown
Nominated
[114]

Golden Globe Awards
Best Television Series – Drama
The Crown
Nominated
[115]

Best Actress – Television Series Drama
Claire Foy
Nominated

Location Managers Guild Awards
Outstanding Locations in Period Television
Pat Karam and Robert Bentley
Nominated
[116]

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
The Crown
Nominated

Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series
Claire Foy
Won


document_title: Vestibulocochlear nerve

question_text: where does the vestibulocochlear nerve exit the skull

text: Vestibulocochlear nerve

text: Structure[edit]

text: The vestibulocochlear nerve consists mostly of bipolar neurons and splits into two large divisions: the cochlear nerve and the vestibular nerve.

text:
Cranial nerve 8, the vestibulocochlear nerve, goes to the middle portion of the brainstem called the pons, (which then is largely composed of fibers going to the cerebellum).
The 8th cranial nerve runs between the base of the pons (the middle portion of the brainstem) and medulla oblongata (the lower portion of the brainstem).  This junction between the pons, medulla, and cerebellum that contains the 8th nerve is called the cerebellopontine angle.
The vestibulocochlear nerve is accompanied by the labyrinthine artery, which usually branches off from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) at the cerebellopontine angle, and then goes with the 8th nerve through the internal acoustic meatus to the internal ear.

text: The cochlear nerve travels away from the cochlea of the inner ear where it starts as the spiral ganglia. Processes from the organ of Corti conduct afferent transmission to the spiral ganglia. It is the inner hair cells of the organ of Corti that are responsible for activation of afferent receptors in response to pressure waves reaching the basilar membrane through the transduction of sound. The exact mechanism by which sound is transmitted by the neurons of the cochlear nerve is uncertain; the two competing theories are place theory and temporal theory.

text: The vestibular nerve travels from the vestibular system of the inner ear. The vestibular ganglion houses the cell bodies of the bipolar neurons and extends processes to five sensory organs. Three of these are the cristae located in the ampullae of the semicircular canals. Hair cells of the cristae activate afferent receptors in response to rotational acceleration. The other two sensory organs supplied by the vestibular neurons are the maculae of the saccule and utricle. Hair cells of the maculae in the utricle activate afferent receptors in response to linear acceleration while hair cells of the maculae in the saccule respond to vertically directed linear force.

text: Development[edit]

text: The vestibulocochlear nerve is derived from the embryonic otic placode.

text: Function[edit]

text:
This is the nerve along which the sensory cells (the hair cells) of the inner ear transmit information to the brain. It consists of the cochlear nerve, carrying information about hearing, and the vestibular nerve, carrying information about balance.
It emerges from the pontomedullary junction and exits the inner skull via the internal acoustic meatus (or internal auditory meatus) in the temporal bone.

text: The vestibulocochlear nerve carries axons of type SSA, special somatic afferent, which carry the modalities of hearing and equilibrium.

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: Symptoms of damage[edit]

text: Damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve may cause the following symptoms:

text:
hearing loss
vertigo
false sense of motion
loss of equilibrium (in dark places)
nystagmus
motion sickness
gaze-evoked tinnitus.[1]

text: Examination[edit]

text:
Examinations that can be done include the Rinne test and the Weber test.
Rinne's test involves Rinne's Right Test and Rinne's Left Test since auditory acuity is equal in both ears. If Bone Conduction(BC) is more than Air Conduction(AC) i.e. BC>AC indicates Rinne Test is negative or abnormal. If AC>BC Rinne test is normal or positive. If BC>AC and Weber's test lateralizes to abnormal side then it is Conductive hearing loss. If AC>BC and Weber's test lateralizes to normal side then it concludes Sensorineural hearing loss.

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2014)

text: History[edit]

text: Etymology[edit]

text: Some older texts call the nerve the acoustic or auditory nerve,[2] but these terms have fallen out of widespread use because they fail to recognize the nerve's role in the vestibular system. Vestibulocochlear nerve is therefore preferred by most.