document_title: List of career achievements by Tiger Woods

question_text: when is the last tournament tiger woods won

text: Career records and statistics[edit]

text:
Woods has won 80 official PGA Tour events, second only to Sam Snead (82), and seven ahead of  Jack Nicklaus's 73 wins. (See List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins.)
Woods has won 14 majors, second all time behind Jack Nicklaus' 18.
Woods is 14–1 when going into the final round of a major with at least a share of the lead.
Woods scoring average in 2000 is the lowest in PGA Tour history, both adjusted, 67.79, and unadjusted, 68.17.[1]
Woods has the lowest career scoring average in PGA Tour history.
Woods has amassed the most career earnings of any player in PGA Tour history (even after inflation is considered).
Woods is one of five players (along with Gene Sarazen, Ben Hogan, Gary Player, and Jack Nicklaus) to have won all four professional major championships in his career, known as the Career Grand Slam, and was the youngest to do so.[2]
Woods is the only player to have won all four professional major championships in a row, accomplishing the feat in the 2000–2001 seasons. This feat became known as the "Tiger Slam".
Woods set the all-time PGA Tour record for most consecutive cuts made, with 142. The streak started in 1998, he set the record at the 2003 Tour Championship with 114 (passing Byron Nelson's previous record of 113 and Jack Nicklaus at 105) and extended this mark to 142 before it ended on May 13, 2005 at the EDS Byron Nelson Championship. Many consider this to be one of the most remarkable golf accomplishments of all time, given the margin by which he broke the old record and given that during the streak, the next longest streak by any other player was usually only in the 10s or 20s.[3][4][5][6]  It should be noted that when Byron Nelson played far fewer players made the cut in a given event.[citation needed]
Woods has won a record 23.1% (80 out of 346) of his professional starts on the PGA Tour.
Woods is the only golfer to have won the U.S. Amateur three consecutive times (1994–96).

text: Awards records[edit]

text:
Woods has been the PGA Player of the Year a record eleven times.
Woods has been the PGA Tour Player of the Year a record eleven times.
Woods has been the PGA Tour Money Leader a record ten times.
Woods has been the Vardon Trophy winner a record nine times.
Woods has been the recipient of the Byron Nelson Award a record nine times.

text: Miscellaneous[edit]

text:
Woods owns a 55–4 record when holding at least a share of the lead after 54 holes,[7] and 43–2 record when holding the outright lead.[8]
Woods has only lost once when leading by more than one shot after 54 holes. Yang Yong-eun began the final round of the 2009 PGA Championship two strokes behind Woods and defeated him by three strokes.
Woods has a 38–11 record when leading after 36 holes in Tour events, including an 8–3 record in majors.[7]
Woods has won 13 tournaments wire-to-wire, including seven times while holding the lead outright after each round: 2000 U.S. Open, 2000 PGA Championship (tied after 1st and 4th rounds), 2000 WGC-NEC Invitational, 2002 Bay Hill Invitational (tied after 1st round), 2002 U.S. Open, 2002 WGC-American Express Championship, 2003 Western Open, 2005 Open Championship, 2005 WGC-NEC Invitational (tied after 1st, 2nd and 3rd rounds), 2006 Ford Championship at Doral (tied after 2nd round), 2006 WGC-American Express Championship, 2013 WGC-Cadillac Championship (tied after 1st round), 2018 Tour Championship  (tied after 1st and 2nd rounds)
Woods has successfully defended a title 24 times on the PGA Tour, has finished runner-up 29 times, and third place 19 times.
Woods has spent the most consecutive and cumulative weeks atop the world rankings.
Woods holds the PGA Tour record for most consecutive rounds at par or better with 52. The streak began in the second round of the 2000 GTE Byron Nelson Classic and ended in the second round of the 2001 Phoenix Open. When including non-PGA Tour events, the streak was 66.[9]
Woods' win at the 2005 Open Championship made him only the second golfer (after Nicklaus) to have won all four majors more than once. With his win in the 2008 U.S. Open, Woods joined Nicklaus as the only golfers to win each major at least three times.
Woods holds at least a share of the scoring record in relation to par in one major (The Masters), and also holds the margin of victory record in two majors (The Masters and the U.S. Open).
Woods' victory at the 2006 WGC-American Express Championship, he became the first player in PGA Tour history to win at least eight times in three different seasons.
Woods' victory in the Buick Invitational in January 2007 placed him 2nd for the longest PGA Tour win streak at 7 (consecutive wins in PGA events entered), trailing only Nelson's streak of 11 wins in 1945.
Woods became the first golfer to win five PGA Tour events five or more times at the 2009 BMW Championship. In order of his accomplishment: WGC-CA Championship, WGC-Bridgestone Invitational, Buick Invitational, Arnold Palmer Invitational, and BMW Championship.
Woods' win at the U.S. Open in 2008 made him the sixth person to win the U.S. Open three or more times, the first person to win a PGA Tour tournament on the same course seven times, and the first person to win two tournaments at the same golf course in the same season.
Woods has hit a combined total eighteen holes-in-one in the course of his lifetime—his first at the age of six. Three have come in PGA Tour competition, at the 1996 Greater Milwaukee Open, 1997 Phoenix Open, and 1998 Sprint International.[10]
Woods is the only professional golfer to win four majors in a row.

text: Major championships[edit]

text: Wins (14)[edit]

text:
Year
Championship
54 holes
Winning score
Margin
Runner(s)-up

1997
Masters Tournament
9 shot lead
−18 (70-66-65-69=270)
12 strokes
 Tom Kite

1999
PGA Championship
Tied for lead
−11 (70-67-68-72=277)
1 stroke
 Sergio García

2000
U.S. Open
10 shot lead
−12 (65-69-71-67=272)
15 strokes
 Ernie Els,  Miguel Ángel Jiménez

2000
The Open Championship
6 shot lead
−19 (67-66-67-69=269)
8 strokes
 Thomas Bjørn,  Ernie Els

2000
PGA Championship  (2)
1 shot lead
−18 (66-67-70-67=270)
Playoff1
 Bob May

2001
Masters Tournament  (2)
1 shot lead
−16 (70-66-68-68=272)
2 strokes
 David Duval

2002
Masters Tournament  (3)
Tied for lead
−12 (70-69-66-71=276)
3 strokes
 Retief Goosen

2002
U.S. Open  (2)
4 shot lead
−3 (67-68-70-72=277)
3 strokes
 Phil Mickelson

2005
Masters Tournament  (4)
3 shot lead
−12 (74-66-65-71=276)
Playoff2
 Chris DiMarco

2005
The Open Championship  (2)
2 shot lead
−14 (66-67-71-70=274)
5 strokes
 Colin Montgomerie

2006
The Open Championship  (3)
1 shot lead
−18 (67-65-71-67=270)
2 strokes
 Chris DiMarco

2006
PGA Championship  (3)
Tied for lead
−18 (69-68-65-68=270)
5 strokes
 Shaun Micheel

2007
PGA Championship  (4)
3 shot lead
−8 (71-63-69-69=272)
2 strokes
 Woody Austin

2008
U.S. Open  (3)
1 shot lead
−1 (72-68-70-73=283)
Playoff3
 Rocco Mediate

text:
1Defeated May in three-hole aggregate playoff by 1 stroke: Woods (3-4-5=12), May (4-4-5=13)
2Defeated DiMarco in a sudden-death playoff: Woods (3) and DiMarco (4).
3Defeated Mediate with a par on 1st sudden death hole after 18-hole playoff was tied at even par 71

text: Records and trivia[edit]

text:
In all of his major victories, he has had the outright lead or a share of the lead at the end of the third round. He has had the outright lead or a share of the lead 11 times at the end of the second round and has only lost three times.
Woods holds at least a share of the record for lowest 72-hole score in relation to par in one of the four majors. Note that the "to par" and "low 72-holes" records are not always the same because, while most championship golf courses have a par of 72, or 288 for four rounds, some have a par of 71 or 70.
Woods is the only player to have won multiple professional majors in consecutive years, 2005 and 2006. Bobby Jones won multiple majors in consecutive years in 1926 and 1927, when the U.S. Amateur and the British Amateur were both considered majors.[11]
Woods has won two or more majors in a year four times. He trails only Jack Nicklaus, who won two majors in a season five times (1963, '66, '72, '75 and '80).[12]

text:
Woods, Nicklaus, Jordan Spieth and Rickie Fowler are the only players to have finished in the top 5 in all four majors in a year. Woods and Nicklaus have both achieved this twice: Woods in 2000 and 2005, and Nicklaus in 1971 and 1973. Fowler joined the list in 2014 and Spieth in 2015.
Woods and Bobby Jones are the only golfers to have won 10 majors before the age of 30. Jones achieved 13 majors in 21 attempts, (winning percentage 62%), while Woods achieved 10 wins in 44 attempts (a 23% winning ratio).[13]

text:
Woods is only the second player all-time to win three major championships in a calendar year (2000) winning the U.S. Open, The Open Championship, and the PGA Championship respectively, along with Ben Hogan who accomplished this feat in (1953) with The Masters, the U.S. Open, and The Open Championships.
Woods is the second player to have won the career grand slam three times along with Jack Nicklaus. Woods is the only professional golfer to win four majors in a row.
The last: Masters (2005), US Open (2000), Open Championship (2005), and PGA (2000), Jack Nicklaus played in; were all won by Tiger Woods.

text: Masters Tournament[edit]

text:
−18 (270), 1997 (outright to-par and low 72 holes record), tied by Jordan Spieth in 2015
Woods holds the record for the largest margin of victory at the Masters: 12 strokes (1997)
Woods became the youngest winner in 1997 at the age of 21 years, 104 days
His win made him the first winner of The Masters, or any other (under-50) men's major, of African or Asian descent. He, the Indian Fijian Vijay Singh, and the South Korean Yang Yong-eun are the only winners of any major of such descent. The only other major winner whose primary ethnic heritage is undeniably non-European is 2005 U.S. Open champion Michael Campbell, a Māori from New Zealand.
After a front-nine 40 in the first round, Woods played the final 63 holes 22-under par
He played 72 holes without a single three-putt
Woods set a record with the lowest back-to-back total for two rounds: 131 (65-66)

text: U.S. Open[edit]

text:
Woods holds the record for the largest margin of victory at the U.S. Open: 15 strokes (2000) (this is the record for all majors).
Also in 2000, Woods became the first player to finish a U.S. Open at double digits under par. (In 1992, Gil Morgan was the first ever to be double digits under par at any stage of a U.S. Open, but failed to finish in double digits under par, and indeed failed to win that event, with Tom Kite winning instead.)
Woods was the only player to finish under par at the following U.S. Opens:
2000 at Pebble Beach Golf Links: -12
2002 at Bethpage State Park, Black Course: -3
With his win in 2008, Woods equaled Jack Nicklaus' feat of winning each major at least three times.

text: The Open Championship[edit]

text:
Woods shares the record for largest margin of victory at a post-1900 Open Championship: 8 strokes (2000)
Woods became the fifth player to achieve the Career Grand Slam, and the youngest player (24 years, 206 days) to do so, breaking the mark held by Nicklaus (26 years, 6 months at the 1966 British Open)
He became the fastest to win all four majors – in his 93rd sanctioned tournament, compared with 125 for Nicklaus
He became the youngest to win a fourth major championship, breaking the mark held by Nicklaus (25 years, 80 days at the 1965 Masters)
In 2006, Woods became the first player to win the Open Championship in back-to-back years since Tom Watson in 1982–83
He became the first golfer since Watson in 1982 to win the U.S. and British Opens in the same year

text: PGA Championship[edit]

text:
With his 2006 PGA Championship win, Woods became the only golfer to have won all 4 majors by at least 5 strokes
Woods is the only player in the stroke-play era (since 1958) to repeat as PGA champion.
Woods' wins at Medinah in 1999 and 2006 make him the only player to win the PGA Championship twice on the same course.
Second round 63 in the 2007 PGA Championship tied the record for second lowest single-round score in major championship history
Woods is the only player to win the PGA Championship back-to-back on two different occasions: 1999–2000 and 2006–2007.

text: Results timeline[edit]

text:
Tournament
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

Masters Tournament

T41 LA

CUT

1

T8

T18

5

1

1

T15

T22

1

T3

T2

2

T6

T4

T4

T40

T4

T17

T32

U.S. Open

WD

T82

T19

T18

T3

1

T12

1

T20

T17

2

CUT

T2

1

T6

T4

T21

T32

CUT

CUT

The Open Championship

T68

T22 LA

T24

3

T7

1

T25

T28

T4

T9

1

1

T12

CUT

T23

T3

T6

69

CUT

T6

PGA Championship

T29

T10

1

1

T29

2

T39

T24

T4

1

1

2

T28

CUT

T11

T40

CUT

CUT

2

text:
LA = Low amateur
CUT = missed the half-way cut
WD = withdrew
"T" = tied

text: Summary[edit]

text:
Starts – 80 (73 as a professional)
Wins – 14
2nd-place finishes – 7
Top 3 finishes – 25
Top 5 finishes – 32
Top 10 finishes – 40
Top 25 finishes – 57
Cuts missed – 9 (8 as a professional)
Longest streak of wins – 4 (record)
Longest streak of top-5s – 6
Longest streak of top-10s – 8
Longest streak of top-25s – 15

text: World Golf Championships[edit]

text: Wins (18)[edit]

text:
Year
Championship
54 holes
Winning score
Margin
Runner(s)-up

1999

WGC-NEC Invitational

5 shot lead

−10 (66-71-62-71=270)

1 stroke

 Phil Mickelson

1999

WGC-American Express Championship

1 shot deficit

–6 (71-69-70-68=278)

Playoff 1

 Miguel Ángel Jiménez

2000

WGC-NEC Invitational (2)

9 shot lead

−21 (64-61-67-67=259)

11 strokes

 Justin Leonard,  Phillip Price

2001

WGC-NEC Invitational (3)

2 shot deficit

−12 (66-67-66-69=268)

Playoff 2

 Jim Furyk

2002

WGC-American Express Championship (2)

5 shot lead

−25 (65-65-67-66=263)

1 stroke

 Retief Goosen

2003

WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship

n/a

2 & 1

n/a

 David Toms

2003

WGC-American Express Championship (3)

2 shot lead

−6 (67-66-69-72=274)

2 strokes

 Stuart Appleby,  Tim Herron,  Vijay Singh

2004

WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship (2)

n/a

3 & 2

n/a

 Davis Love III

2005

WGC-NEC Invitational (4)

Tied for lead

−6 (66-70-67-71=274)

1 stroke

 Chris DiMarco

2005

WGC-American Express Championship (4)

2 shot deficit

−10 (67-68-68-67=270)

Playoff 3

 John Daly

2006

WGC-Bridgestone Invitational (5)

1 shot deficit

−10 (67-64-71-68=270)

Playoff 4

 Stewart Cink

2006

WGC-American Express Championship (5)

6 shot lead

−23 (63-64-67-67=261)

8 strokes

 Ian Poulter,  Adam Scott

2007

WGC-CA Championship (6)

4 shot lead

−10 (71-66-68-73=278)

2 strokes

 Brett Wetterich

2007

WGC-Bridgestone Invitational (6)

1 shot deficit

−8 (68-70-69-65=272)

8 strokes

 Justin Rose,  Rory Sabbatini

2008

WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship (3)

n/a

8 & 7

n/a

 Stewart Cink

2009

WGC-Bridgestone Invitational (7)

3 shot deficit

−12 (68-70-65-65=268)

4 strokes

 Robert Allenby,  Pádraig Harrington

2013

WGC-Cadillac Championship (7)

4 shot lead

−19 (66-65-67-71=269)

2 strokes

 Steve Stricker

2013

WGC-Bridgestone Invitational (8)

7 shot lead

−15 (66-61-68-70=265)

7 strokes

 Keegan Bradley,  Henrik Stenson

text:
1 Won on the first hole of a sudden-death playoff
2 Won on the seventh hole of a sudden-death playoff
3 Won on the second hole of a sudden-death playoff
4 Won on the fourth hole of a sudden-death playoff

text: Records[edit]

text:
Won at least one World Golf Championships event every year from 1999 to 2009.
All-time wins leader in World Golf Championships events (41.9% win rate).
All-time money leader in World Golf Championships events.
Won the WGC-World Cup with David Duval in 2000, an unofficial money WGC event, for a total of 19 World Golf Championships titles.
Only player to have held the titles of all three of the pre-2009 events (not counting the HSBC Champions, elevated to WGC status in 2009) at the same time.

text: Accenture Match Play

text:
Woods set the record for most lopsided victory (18-hole match) in his first round match against Stephen Ames in 2006 – 9 & 8. Mathematically, it is the fastest possible win in 18-hole match play (10 & 8 would be a larger margin of victory, but the same number of holes played).
Woods also set the record for largest margin of victory in the 36-hole final match – 8 & 7 over Stewart Cink in 2008.

text: Cadillac Championship

text:
Lowest first 18-hole total 63 set the course record at The Grove
Tied lowest first 18-hole total – 63
Lowest 36-hole total – 127
Largest 36-hole lead – 5 strokes
Lowest 54-hole total – 194
Largest 54-hole lead – 6 strokes
Lowest 72-hole total – 261
Largest margin of victory – 8 strokes
Only player to record top-10 finishes in each appearance (more than two appearances)

text: Note: All Cadillac Championship records were set in 2006, when the tournament was known as the American Express Championship[14]

text: Bridgestone Invitational

text:
Lowest 18-hole total – 61 (twice, tied with José María Olazábal)
Lowest 36-hole total – 125
Lowest 54-hole total – 192
Lowest 72-hole total – 259
Largest margin of victory – 11 strokes

text: Note: All records were set in 2000 and 2013 (18-hole record)

text: Results timeline[edit]

text:
Tournament
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

Match Play

QF

2

R64

1

1

R32

R16

R16

1

R32

R64

R32

R64

Championship

1

T5

NT1

1

1

9

1

1

1

5

T9

T10

WD

1

T25

Invitational

1

1

1

4

T4

T2

1

1

1

1

T78

T37

T8

1

WD

T31

Champions

T6

T6

text: 1Cancelled due to 9/11

text:
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
"T" = tied
NT = No Tournament
WD = Withdrew
Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.

text: Performance summary

text:
Tournament
Starts
Top-10s
Wins
Earnings ($)

Match Play

13

7

3

4,918,500

Championship

13

12

7

9,369,000

Invitational

16

12

8

11,150,375

Champions

2

2

0

335,714

Totals

44

33

18

$25,753,58

text: Note that the HSBC Champions was not an official PGA Tour event. This means that the money earned in that event did not count toward his official earnings on that tour.

text: FedEx Cup Playoffs[edit]

text:
Year
Place
Points
Margin
Earnings($)

2007
1
123,033
+12,578
10,000,000

2008
70
100,000
−25,101
110,000

2009
1
4,000
+1,080
10,000,000

2010
42
1,300
–3,635
133,000

2011
132
318
−4,943
32,000

2012
3
2,663
−1,437
2,000,000

2013
2
2,743
−2,007
3,000,000

2014
218
45
n/a
0

2015
178
215
n/a
0

2018
2
2,219
−41
3,000,000

Total

28,275,000

text: PGA Tour professional career summary[edit]

text:
Year
Starts
Cuts made
Wins (Majors)
2nd
3rd
Top 10
Top 25
Earnings ($)
Money listrank
Adjusted scoringaverage (rank)

1996

8

8

2

0

2

5

7

790,594

24

69.44†

1997

21

20

4 (1)

1

1

9

14

2,066,833

1

69.10 (2nd)

1998

20

19*

1

2

2

13

17

1,841,117

4

69.21 (2nd)

1999

21

21

8 (1)

1

2

16

18

6,616,585

1

68.43 (1st)

2000

20

20

9 (3)

4

1

17

20

9,188,321

1

67.79‡ (1st)

2001

19

19

5 (1)

0

1

9

18

5,687,777

1

68.81 (1st)

2002

18

18

5 (2)

2

2

13

16

6,912,625

1

68.56 (1st)

2003

18

18

5

2

0

12

16

6,673,413

2

68.41 (1st)

2004

19

19

1

3

3

14

18

5,365,472

4

69.04 (3rd)

2005

21

19

6 (2)

4

2

13

17

10,628,024

1

68.66 (1st)

2006

15

14

8 (2)

1

1

11

13

9,941,563

1

68.11 (1st)

2007

16

16

7 (1)

3

0

12

15

10,867,052

1

67.79‡ (1st)

2008

6

6

4 (1)

1

0

6

6

5,775,000

2

67.65†

2009

17

16

6

3

0

14

16

10,508,163

1

68.05 (1st)

2010

12

11

0

0

0

2

7

1,294,765

66

70.32†

2011

9

7

0

0

0

2

3

660,238

128

70.46†

2012

19

17

3

1

2

9

13

6,133,158

2

68.90 (2nd)

2013

16

16

5

1

0

8

10

8,553,439

1

68.98 (2nd)

2014

7

5

0

0

0

0

1

108,275

201

71.65†

2015

11

6

0

0

0

1

3

448,598

162

71.93†

2016

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

n/a

n/a

2017

1

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

n/a

73.29†

2018**

18

16

1

2

0

7

12

5,443,841

8

69.35 (7th)

Career**

332

311

80 (14)

31

19

193

260

115,504,853

1

text:
Green background for 1st place. Yellow background for top 10.
* Woods qualified for the third round in the 1998 AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am but decided to withdraw from the rain-delayed event. Officially, it is counted as a missed cut.
** As of September 23, 2018
† Woods did not play the required 50 rounds to be ranked in scoring average these years: 1996 – 41 rounds, 2008 – 26, 2010 – 45, 2011 – 27, 2014 – 21, 2015 – 32, 2017 – 2.
Woods played in 14 PGA Tour events from 1992–1996 as an amateur. In this span, he made 5 cuts, with his best finish and sole top-25 performance coming at the 1996 British Open. This brings his total tally of PGA Tour events played to 346, his total number of cuts made to 316, and his total number of top-25 finishes to 261.

text: Professional wins (107)[edit]

text: PGA Tour wins (80)[edit]

text:
Legend

Major championships (14)

Players Championships (2)

World Golf Championships (18)

Tour Champ / FedEx Cup events (5)

Other PGA Tour (41)

text:
No.
Date
Tournament
Winning score
Margin ofvictory
Runner(s)-up

1

Oct 6, 1996

Las Vegas Invitational

−27 (70-63-68-67-64=332)

Playoff

 Davis Love III

2

Oct 20, 1996

Walt Disney World/Oldsmobile Classic

−21 (69-63-69-66=267)

1 stroke

 Payne Stewart

3.

Jan 12, 1997

Mercedes Championships

−14 (70-67-65=202)

Playoff

 Tom Lehman

4

Apr 13, 1997

Masters Tournament

−18 (70-66-65-69=270)

12 strokes

 Tom Kite

5

May 18, 1997

GTE Byron Nelson Golf Classic

−17 (64-64-67-68=263)

2 strokes

 Lee Rinker

6

Jul 6, 1997

Motorola Western Open

−13 (67-72-68-68=275)

3 strokes

 Frank Nobilo

7

May 10, 1998

BellSouth Classic

−17 (69-67-63-72=271)

1 stroke

 Jay Don Blake

8

Feb 14, 1999

Buick Invitational

−22 (68-71-62-65=266)

2 strokes

 Billy Ray Brown

9

Jun 6, 1999

Memorial Tournament

−15 (68-66-70-69=273)

2 strokes

 Vijay Singh

10

Jul 4, 1999

Motorola Western Open (2)

−15 (68-66-68-71=273)

3 strokes

 Mike Weir

11

Aug 15, 1999

PGA Championship

−11 (70-67-68-72=277)

1 stroke

 Sergio García

12

Aug 29, 1999

NEC Invitational

−10 (66-71-62-71=270)

1 stroke

 Phil Mickelson

13

Oct 24, 1999

National Car Rental Golf Classic Disney (2)

−17 (66-66-66-73=271)

1 stroke

 Ernie Els

14

Oct 31, 1999

The Tour Championship

−15 (67-66-67-69=269)

4 strokes

 Davis Love III

15

Nov 7, 1999

American Express Championship

−6 (71-69-70-68=278)

Playoff

 Miguel Ángel Jiménez

16

Jan 9, 2000

Mercedes Championships (2)

−16 (71-66-71-68=276)

Playoff

 Ernie Els

17

Feb 7, 2000

AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am

−15 (68-73-68-64=273)

2 strokes

 Matt Gogel,  Vijay Singh

18

Mar 19, 2000

Bay Hill Invitational

−18 (69-64-67-70=270)

4 strokes

 Davis Love III

19

May 29, 2000

Memorial Tournament (2)

−19 (71-63-65-70=269)

5 strokes

 Ernie Els,  Justin Leonard

20

Jun 18, 2000

U.S. Open

−12 (65-69-71-67=272)

15 strokes

 Ernie Els,  Miguel Ángel Jiménez

21

Jul 23, 2000

The Open Championship

−19 (67-66-67-69=269)

8 strokes

 Thomas Bjørn,  Ernie Els

22

Aug 20, 2000

PGA Championship (2)

−18 (66-67-70-67=270)

Playoff

 Bob May

23

Aug 27, 2000

NEC Invitational (2)

−21 (64-61-67-67=259)

11 strokes

 Justin Leonard,  Phillip Price

24

Sep 10, 2000

Bell Canadian Open

−22 (72-65-64-65=266)

1 stroke

 Grant Waite

25

Mar 18, 2001

Bay Hill Invitational (2)

−15 (71-67-66-69=273)

1 stroke

 Phil Mickelson

26

Mar 25, 2001

The Players Championship

−14 (72-69-66-67=274)

1 stroke

 Vijay Singh

27

Apr 8, 2001

Masters Tournament (2)

−16 (70-66-68-68=272)

2 strokes

 David Duval

28

Jun 3, 2001

Memorial Tournament (3)

−17 (68-69-68-66=271)

7 strokes

 Paul Azinger,  Sergio García

29

Aug 26, 2001

NEC Invitational (3)

−12 (66-67-66-69=268)

Playoff

 Jim Furyk

30

Mar 17, 2002

Bay Hill Invitational (3)

−13 (67-65-74-69=275)

4 strokes

 Michael Campbell

31

Apr 14, 2002

Masters Tournament (3)

−12 (70-69-66-71=276)

3 strokes

 Retief Goosen

32

Jun 16, 2002

U.S. Open (2)

−3 (67-68-70-72=277)

3 strokes

 Phil Mickelson

33

Aug 11, 2002

Buick Open

−17 (67-63-71-70=271)

4 strokes

 Fred Funk,  Brian Gay, Mark O'Meara,  Esteban Toledo

34

Sep 22, 2002

American Express Championship (2)

−25 (65-65-67-66=263)

1 stroke

 Retief Goosen

35

Feb 16, 2003

Buick Invitational (2)

−16 (70-66-68-68=272)

4 strokes

 Carl Pettersson

36

Mar 2, 2003

Accenture Match Play Championship

2 & 1

 David Toms

37

Mar 23, 2003

Bay Hill Invitational (4)

−19 (70-65-66-68=269)

11 strokes

 Stewart Cink,  Brad Faxon, Kenny Perry,  Kirk Triplett

38

Jul 6, 2003

100th Western Open (3)

−21 (63-70-65-69=267)

5 strokes

 Rich Beem

39

Oct 5, 2003

American Express Championship (3)

−6 (67-66-69-72=274)

2 strokes

 Stuart Appleby,  Tim Herron, Vijay Singh

40

Feb 29, 2004

Accenture Match Play Championship (2)

3 & 2

 Davis Love III

41

Jan 23, 2005

Buick Invitational (3)

−16 (69-63-72-68=272)

3 strokes

 Luke Donald,  Charles Howell III, Tom Lehman

42

Mar 6, 2005

Ford Championship at Doral

−24 (65-70-63-66=264)

1 stroke

 Phil Mickelson

43

Apr 10, 2005

Masters Tournament (4)

−12 (74-66-65-71=276)

Playoff

 Chris DiMarco

44

Jul 17, 2005

The Open Championship (2)

−14 (66-67-71-70=274)

5 strokes

 Colin Montgomerie

45

Aug 21, 2005

NEC Invitational (4)

−6 (66-70-67-71=274)

1 stroke

 Chris DiMarco

46

Oct 9, 2005

American Express Championship (4)

−10 (67-68-68-67=270)

Playoff

 John Daly

47

Jan 29, 2006

Buick Invitational (4)

−10 (71-68-67-72=278)

Playoff

 Nathan Green,  José María Olazábal

48

Mar 5, 2006

Ford Championship at Doral (2)

−20 (64-67-68-69=268)

1 stroke

 David Toms,  Camilo Villegas

49

Jul 23, 2006

The Open Championship (3)

−18 (67-65-71-67=270)

2 strokes

 Chris DiMarco

50

Aug 6, 2006

Buick Open (2)

−24 (66-66-66-66=264)

3 strokes

 Jim Furyk

51

Aug 20, 2006

PGA Championship (3)

−18 (69-68-65-68=270)

5 strokes

 Shaun Micheel

52

Aug 27, 2006

Bridgestone Invitational (5)

−10 (67-64-71-68=270)

Playoff

 Stewart Cink

53

Sep 4, 2006

Deutsche Bank Championship

−16 (66-72-67-63=268)

2 strokes

 Vijay Singh

54

Oct 1, 2006

American Express Championship (5)

−23 (63-64-67-67=261)

8 strokes

 Ian Poulter,  Adam Scott

55

Jan 28, 2007

Buick Invitational (5)

−15 (66-72-69-66=273)

2 strokes

 Charles Howell III

56

Mar 25, 2007

CA Championship (6)

−10 (71-66-68-73=278)

2 strokes

 Brett Wetterich

57

May 6, 2007

Wachovia Championship

−13 (70-68-68-69=275)

2 strokes

 Steve Stricker

58

Aug 5, 2007

Bridgestone Invitational (6)

−8 (68-70-69-65=272)

8 strokes

 Justin Rose,  Rory Sabbatini

59

Aug 12, 2007

PGA Championship (4)

−8 (71-63-69-69=272)

2 strokes

 Woody Austin

60

Sep 9, 2007

BMW Championship (4)

−22 (67-67-65-63=262)

2 strokes

 Aaron Baddeley

61

Sep 16, 2007

The Tour Championship  (2)

−23 (64-63-64-66=257)

8 strokes

 Mark Calcavecchia,  Zach Johnson

62

Jan 27, 2008

Buick Invitational (6)

−19 (67-65-66-71=269)

8 strokes

 Ryuji Imada

63

Feb 24, 2008

Accenture Match Play Championship (3)

8 & 7

 Stewart Cink

64

Mar 16, 2008

Arnold Palmer Invitational (5)

−10 (70-68-66-66=270)

1 stroke

 Bart Bryant

65

Jun 16, 2008

U.S. Open (3)

−1 (72-68-70-73=283)

Playoff

 Rocco Mediate

66

Mar 29, 2009

Arnold Palmer Invitational (6)

−5 (68-69-71-67=275)

1 stroke

 Sean O'Hair

67

Jun 7, 2009

Memorial Tournament (4)

−12 (69-74-68-65=276)

1 stroke

 Jim Furyk

68

Jul 5, 2009

AT&T National

−13 (64-66-70-67=267)

1 stroke

 Hunter Mahan

69

Aug 2, 2009

Buick Open (3)

−20 (71-63-65-69=268)

3 strokes

 Greg Chalmers,  John Senden Roland Thatcher

70

Aug 9, 2009

Bridgestone Invitational (7)

−12 (68-70-65-65=268)

4 strokes

 Robert Allenby,  Pádraig Harrington

71

Sep 13, 2009

BMW Championship (5)

−19 (68-67-62-68=265)

8 strokes

 Jim Furyk,  Marc Leishman

72

Mar 25, 2012

Arnold Palmer Invitational (7)

−13 (69-65-71-70=275)

5 strokes

 Graeme McDowell

73

Jun 3, 2012

Memorial Tournament (5)

−9 (70-69-73-67=279)

2 strokes

 Andrés Romero,  Rory Sabbatini

74

Jul 1, 2012

AT&T National (2)

−8 (72-68-67-69=276)

2 strokes

 Bo Van Pelt

75

Jan 28, 2013

Farmers Insurance Open (7)

−14 (68-65-69-72=274)

4 strokes

 Brandt Snedeker,  Josh Teater

76

Mar 10, 2013

Cadillac Championship (7)

−19 (66-65-67-71=269)

2 strokes

 Steve Stricker

77

Mar 25, 2013

Arnold Palmer Invitational (8)

−13 (69-70-66-70=275)

2 strokes

 Justin Rose

78

May 12, 2013

The Players Championship (2)

−13 (67-67-71-70=275)

2 strokes

 David Lingmerth,  Jeff Maggert Kevin Streelman

79

Aug 4, 2013

Bridgestone Invitational (8)

−15 (66-61-68-70=265)

7 strokes

 Keegan Bradley,  Henrik Stenson

80

Sep 23, 2018

The Tour Championship  (3)

−11 (65-68-65-71=269)

2 strokes

 Billy Horschel

text: PGA Tour playoff record (11–1)[edit]

text:
No.
Year
Tournament
Opponent(s)
Result

1

1996

Las Vegas Invitational

 Davis Love III

Won with par on first extra hole

2

1997

Mercedes Championships

 Tom Lehman

Won with birdie on first extra hole

3

1998

Nissan Open

 Billy Mayfair

Lost to birdie on first extra hole

4

1999

American Express Championship

 Miguel Ángel Jiménez

Won with birdie on first extra hole

5

2000

Mercedes Championships

 Ernie Els

Won with birdie on second extra hole

6

2000

PGA Championship

 Bob May

Won three-hole playoff: Woods (3-4-5=12), May (4-4-5=13)

7

2001

NEC Invitational

 Jim Furyk

Won with birdie on seventh extra hole

8

2005

Masters Tournament

 Chris DiMarco

Won with birdie on first extra hole

9

2005

WGC-American Express Championship

 John Daly

Won with par on second extra hole

10

2006

Buick Invitational

 José María Olazábal,  Nathan Green

Won with par on second extra holeGreen eliminated with par on first hole

11

2006

WGC-Bridgestone Invitational

 Stewart Cink

Won with birdie on fourth extra hole

12

2008

U.S. Open

 Rocco Mediate

Won with par on first extra holeafter 18-hole playoff (Woods:71, Mediate:71)

text: European Tour wins (40)[edit]

text:
Legend

Major championships (14)

World Golf Championships (18)

Other European Tour (8)

text:
No.
Date
Tournament
Winning score
Margin ofvictory
Runner(s)-up

1

Apr 13, 1997

Masters Tournament

−18 (70-66-65-69=270)

12 strokes

 Tom Kite

2

Jan 25, 1998

Johnnie Walker Classic

−9 (72-71-71-65=279)

Playoff

 Ernie Els

3

May 24, 1999

Deutsche Bank - SAP Open TPC of Europe

−15 (69-68-68-68=273)

3 strokes

 Retief Goosen

4

Aug 15, 1999

PGA Championship

−11 (70-67-68-72=277)

1 stroke

 Sergio García

5

Aug 29, 1999

NEC Invitational

−10 (66-71-62-71=270)

1 stroke

 Phil Mickelson

6

Nov 7, 1999

American Express Championship

−6 (71-69-70-68=278)

Playoff

 Miguel Ángel Jiménez

7

Jun 18, 2000

U.S. Open

−12 (65-69-71-67=272)

15 strokes

 Ernie Els,  Miguel Ángel Jiménez

8

Jul 23, 2000

The Open Championship

−19 (67-66-67-69=269)

8 strokes

 Thomas Bjørn,  Ernie Els

9

Aug 20, 2000

PGA Championship (2)

−18 (66-67-70-67=270)

Playoff

 Bob May

10

Aug 27, 2000

NEC Invitational (2)

−21 (64-61-67-67=259)

11 strokes

 Justin Leonard,  Phillip Price

11

Nov 19,  2000(2001 season)

Johnnie Walker Classic (2)

−25 (68-65-65-65=263)

3 strokes

 Geoff Ogilvy

12

Apr 8, 2001

Masters Tournament (2)

−16 (70-66-68-68=272)

2 strokes

 David Duval

13

May 20, 2001

Deutsche Bank - SAP Open TPC of Europe (2)

−22 (69-68-63-66=266)

4 strokes

 Michael Campbell

14

Aug 26, 2001

NEC Invitational (3)

−12 (66-67-66-69=268)

Playoff

 Jim Furyk

15

Apr 14, 2002

Masters Tournament (3)

−12 (70-69-66-71=276)

3 strokes

 Retief Goosen

16

May 19, 2002

Deutsche Bank - SAP Open TPC of Europe (3)

−20 (69-67-64-68=268)

Playoff

 Colin Montgomerie

17

Jun 16, 2002

U.S. Open (2)

−3 (67-68-70-72=277)

3 strokes

 Phil Mickelson

18

Sep 22, 2002

American Express Championship (2)

−25 (65-65-67-66=263)

1 stroke

 Retief Goosen

19

Mar 2, 2003

Accenture Match Play Championship

2 & 1

 David Toms

20

Oct 5, 2003

American Express Championship (3)

−6 (67-66-69-72=274)

2 strokes

 Stuart Appleby,  Tim Herron, Vijay Singh

21

Feb 29, 2004

Accenture Match Play Championship (2)

3 & 2

 Davis Love III

22

Apr 10, 2005

Masters Tournament (4)

−12 (74-66-65-71=276)

Playoff

 Chris DiMarco

23

Jul 17, 2005

The Open Championship (2)

−14 (66-67-71-70=274)

5 strokes

 Colin Montgomerie

24

Aug 21, 2005

NEC Invitational (4)

−6 (66-70-67-71=274)

1 stroke

 Chris DiMarco

25

Oct 9, 2005

American Express Championship (4)

−10 (67-68-68-67=270)

Playoff

 John Daly

26

Feb 5, 2006

Dubai Desert Classic

−19 (67-66-67-69=269)

Playoff

 Ernie Els

27

Jul 23, 2006

The Open Championship (3)

−18 (67-65-71-67=270)

2 strokes

 Chris DiMarco

28

Aug 20, 2006

PGA Championship (3)

−18 (69-68-65-68=270)

5 strokes

 Shaun Micheel

29

Aug 27, 2006

Bridgestone Invitational (5)

−10 (67-64-71-68=270)

Playoff

 Stewart Cink

30

Oct 1, 2006

American Express Championship (5)

−23 (63-64-67-67=261)

8 strokes

 Ian Poulter,  Adam Scott

31

Mar 25, 2007

CA Championship (6)

−10 (71-66-68-73=278)

2 strokes

 Brett Wetterich

32

Aug 5, 2007

Bridgestone Invitational (6)

−8 (68-70-69-65=272)

8 strokes

 Justin Rose,  Rory Sabbatini

33

Aug 12, 2007

PGA Championship (4)

−8 (71-63-69-69=272)

2 strokes

 Woody Austin

34

Feb 3, 2008

Dubai Desert Classic (2)

−14 (65-71-73-65=274)

1 stroke

 Martin Kaymer

35

Feb 24, 2008

Accenture Match Play Championship (3)

8 & 7

 Stewart Cink

36

Jun 16, 2008

U.S. Open (3)

−1 (72-68-70-73=283)

Playoff

 Rocco Mediate

37

Aug 9, 2009

Bridgestone Invitational (7)

−12 (68-70-65-65=268)

4 strokes

 Robert Allenby,  Pádraig Harrington

38

Nov 15, 2009

JBWere Masters1

−14 (66-68-72-68=274)

2 strokes

 Greg Chalmers

39

Mar 10, 2013

Cadillac Championship (7)

−19 (66-65-67-71=269)

2 strokes

 Steve Stricker

40

Aug 4, 2013

Bridgestone Invitational (8)

−15 (66-61-68-70=265)

7 strokes

 Keegan Bradley,  Henrik Stenson

text: 1 Co-sanctioned with the PGA Tour of Australasia

text: European Tour playoff record (10–0)[edit]

text:
No.
Year
Tournament
Opponent
Result

1

1998

Johnnie Walker Classic

 Ernie Els

Won with birdie on second extra hole

2

1999

WGC-American Express Championship

 Miguel Ángel Jiménez

Won with birdie on first extra hole

3

2000

PGA Championship

 Bob May

Won three-hole playoff: Woods (3-4-5=12), May (4-4-5=13)

4

2001

NEC Invitational

 Jim Furyk

Won with birdie on seventh extra hole

5

2002

Deutsche Bank - SAP Open TPC of Europe

 Colin Montgomerie

Won with par on third extra hole

6

2005

Masters Tournament

 Chris DiMarco

Won with birdie on first extra hole

7

2005

WGC-American Express Championship

 John Daly

Won with par on second extra hole

8

2006

Dubai Desert Classic

 Ernie Els

Won with par on first extra hole

9

2006

WGC-Bridgestone Invitational

 Stewart Cink

Won with birdie on fourth extra hole

10

2008

U.S. Open

 Rocco Mediate

Won with par on first extra holeafter 18-hole playoff (Woods:71, Mediate:71)

text:
Note: This table is the European Tour's official Woods' victories on their tour, which gives Woods a total of 40 European Tour wins.[17]
Woods' worldwide tournament playoff record is 15-2, including a loss to Pádraig Harrington at the 2006 Dunlop Phoenix Tournament.

text: Japan Golf Tour wins (2)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Tournament
Score
Margin of victory
Runner-up

2004
Nov 21
Dunlop Phoenix Tournament
–16 (65-67-65-67=264)
8 strokes
Ryoken Kawagishi

2005
Nov 20
Dunlop Phoenix Tournament
–8 (65-67-68-72=272)
Playoff
 Kaname Yokoo

text: Asian Tour wins (1)[edit]

text:
No.
Date
Tournament
Winning score
Margin ofvictory
Runner-up

1

Feb 9, 1997

Asian Honda Classic

−20 (70-64-66-68=268)

10 strokes

 Mo Joong-kyung

text: PGA Tour of Australasia wins (1)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Tournament
Score
Margin of victory
Runner-up

2009
Nov 15
JBWere Masters 1
−14 (66-68-72-68=274)
2 strokes
 Greg Chalmers

text: 1 Co-sanctioned with the European Tour

text: Other professional wins (16)[edit]

text:
1998 (1) PGA Grand Slam of Golf
1999 (3) World Cup of Golf Individual Trophy, World Cup of Golf (team event with Mark O'Meara), PGA Grand Slam of Golf
2000 (2) WGC-World Cup (team event with David Duval), PGA Grand Slam of Golf
2001 (2) Williams World Challenge, PGA Grand Slam of Golf
2002 (1) PGA Grand Slam of Golf
2004 (1) Target World Challenge
2005 (1) PGA Grand Slam of Golf
2006 (2) PGA Grand Slam of Golf, Target World Challenge
2007 (1) Target World Challenge
2009 (1) Notah Begay III Foundation Challenge
2011 (1) Chevron World Challenge

text: Amateur wins (21)[edit]

text:
1984 (1) Junior World Golf Championships (Boys 10-and-under)
1985 (1) Junior World Golf Championships (Boys 10-and-under)
1988 (1) Junior World Golf Championships (Boys 11–12)
1989 (1) Junior World Golf Championships (Boys 13–14)
1990 (2) Junior World Golf Championships (Boys 13–14), Insurance Youth Golf Classic
1991 (3) U.S. Junior Amateur, Junior World Golf Championships (Boys 15–17), Orange Bowl International Junior
1992 (2) U.S. Junior Amateur, Insurance Youth Golf Classic
1993 (1) U.S. Junior Amateur
1994 (3) U.S. Amateur, Western Amateur, Pacific Northwest Amateur
1995 (2) U.S. Amateur, College All-America Golf Classic
1996 (4) U.S. Amateur, NCAA Division I Championship, NCAA West Regional, Pac-10 Championship

text: Amateur major wins (3)[edit]

text:
Year
Championship
Winning score
Runner-up

1994
U.S. Amateur
2 up
 Trip Kuehne

1995
U.S. Amateur
2 up
 Buddy Marucci

1996
U.S. Amateur
38 holes
 Steve Scott

text: Results timeline[edit]

text:
Tournament

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

U.S. Amateur

DNQ

R32

R32

1

1

1 M

text:
M = Medalist
DNQ = Did not qualify for match play portion
R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in match play
Green background for wins. Yellow background for top-10

text: Reign as World No. 1 Male Golfer[edit]

text: Woods holds the record for most consecutive weeks at No. 1, 281, and the most total number of weeks, 683.[19] Since 1997, he has spent over twelve years atop the Official World Golf Ranking, and has been the number one player for all 52 weeks of a year a record eight times – 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009. He has spent 860 weeks ranked in the top-10, and overtook Ernie Els as the golfer with the most weeks ranked in the top 10 in 2013.[20]

text: This list is complete as of May 18, 2014.

text:
Start date
End date
Weeks
Approximate time
Successor

June 15, 1997

June 21, 1997

1

7 days

 Ernie Els

July 6, 1997

September 6, 1997

9

2 months

 Greg Norman

January 11, 1998

April 11, 1998

13

3 months

 Ernie Els

May 10, 1998

May 16, 1998

1

7 days

 Ernie Els

June 14, 1998

March 27, 1999

41

9 months, 13 days

David Duval

July 4, 1999

August 7, 1999

5

1 month, 3 days

David Duval

August 15, 1999

September 4, 2004

264

5 years, 20 days

 Vijay Singh

March 6, 2005

March 19, 2005

2

14 days

 Vijay Singh

April 10, 2005

May 21, 2005

6

1 month, 11 days

 Vijay Singh

June 12, 2005

October 30, 2010

281

5 years, 4.5 months

 Lee Westwood

March 25, 2013

May 17, 2014

60

1 year, 2 months

 Adam Scott

text: U.S. national team appearances[edit]

text: Amateur

text:
Eisenhower Trophy: 1994 (winners)
Walker Cup: 1995

text: Professional

text:
Ryder Cup: 1997, 1999 (winners), 2002, 2004, 2006, 2010, 2012, 2018
Ryder Cup record (W–L–H): 13–21–3
Alfred Dunhill Cup: 1998
Presidents Cup: 1998, 2000 (winners), 2003 (tie), 2005 (winners), 2007 (winners), 2009 (winners), 2011 (winners), 2013 (winners), 2019 (captain)
Presidents Cup record (W–L–H): 24–15–1
World Cup: 1999 (winners, individual winner), 2000 (winners), 2001

text:
Ryder Cup points record

1997
1999
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
Total

1.5
2
2.5
2
3
–
3
0.5
–
–
0
14.5

text: Awards[edit]

text:
1990

1st Team – Rolex Junior All-American
Southern California Player of the Year
1991

1st Team – Rolex Junior All-American  (2)
American Junior Golf Association Player of the Year
Golf Digest Amateur Player of the Year
GolfWeek National Amateur of the Year
Southern California Player of the Year  (2)
1992

1st Team – Rolex Junior All-American  (3)
American Junior Golf Association Player of the Year  (2)
Golf Digest Amateur Player of the Year  (2)
GolfWeek National Amateur of the Year  (2)
Southern California Player of the Year  (3)
Golf World Player of the Year
1993

1st Team – Rolex Junior All-American  (4)
Southern California Player of the Year  (4)
Golf World Player of the Year  (2)
1994

Golf World Man of the Year
L.A. Times Player of the Year
Orange County Player of the Year
1995

Pac-10 Player of the Year
NCAA First Team All-American
GolfWeek Preseason First Team All-American for 1995–96
Stanford University's Male Freshman of the Year
1996

PGA Tour Rookie of the Year
Sports Illustrated "Sportsman of the Year"
Stanford University Collegiate Player of the Year
Fred Haskins Award
1997

Jack Nicklaus Trophy
PGA Player of the Year
PGA Tour Money Leader
ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year
Golf Writers Association of America Player of the Year
Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year
1998

Mark H. McCormack Award
ESPN's ESPY Award for Best Male Athlete (for 1997)
1999

PGA Tour Player of the Year  (2)
PGA Player of the Year  (2)
PGA Tour Money Leader  (2)
Vardon Trophy
Byron Nelson Award
Mark H. McCormack Award  (2)
Golf Writers Association of America Player of the Year  (2)
Anderson Consulting Medal for best performance in WGC events
Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year  (2)
2000

PGA Tour Player of the Year  (3)
PGA Player of the Year  (3)
PGA Tour Money Leader  (3)
Vardon Trophy  (2)
Byron Nelson Award  (2)
Mark H. McCormack Award  (3)
Laureus World Sports Awards (for 1999)
Sports Illustrated "Sportsman of the Year"  (2)
ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year  (2)
Golf Writers Association of America Player of the Year  (3)
Royal Canadian Golf Association Triple Crown Trophy
Palm Performance Award as leading money winner on PGA Tour West Coast Swing
PricewaterhouseCoopers Fall Finish Award as leading money winner on PGA Tour's fall schedule
Anderson Consulting Medal for best performance in WGC events  (2)
Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year  (3)
BBC Sports Personality of the Year Overseas Personality
ESPN's ESPY Award for Best Male Athlete (for 1999)  (2)

2001

PGA Tour Player of the Year  (4)
PGA Player of the Year  (4)
PGA Tour Money Leader  (4)
Vardon Trophy  (3)
Byron Nelson Award  (3)
Mark H. McCormack Award  (4)
Laureus World Sports Awards (for 2000)  (2)
ESPN's ESPY Award for Best Male Athlete (for 2000)  (3)
Golf Writers Association of America Player of the Year  (4)
2002

PGA Tour Player of the Year  (5)
PGA Player of the Year  (5)
PGA Tour Money Leader  (5)
Vardon Trophy  (4)
Byron Nelson Award  (4)
Mark H. McCormack Award  (5)
ESPN's ESPY Award for Best Male Athlete (for 2001)  (4)
Golf Writers Association of America Player of the Year  (5)
2003

PGA Tour Player of the Year  (6)
PGA Player of the Year  (6)
Vardon Trophy  (5)
Byron Nelson Award  (5)
Mark H. McCormack Award  (6)
Golf Writers Association of America Player of the Year  (6)
2004

Mark H. McCormack Award  (7)
2005

PGA Tour Player of the Year  (7)
PGA Player of the Year  (7)
PGA Tour Money Leader  (6)
Vardon Trophy  (6)
Byron Nelson Award  (6)
Mark H. McCormack Award  (8)
Golf Writers Association of America Player of the Year  (7)
2006

PGA Tour Player of the Year  (8)
PGA Player of the Year  (8)
PGA Tour Money Leader  (7)
Byron Nelson Award  (7)
Mark H. McCormack Award  (9)
Associated Press Male Athlete of the Year  (4)
Golf Writers Association of America Player of the Year  (8)
2007

PGA Tour Player of the Year  (9)
PGA Player of the Year  (9)
PGA Tour Money Leader  (8)
Vardon Trophy  (7)
Byron Nelson Award  (8)
Mark H. McCormack Award  (10)
FedEx Cup
Golf Writers Association of America Player of the Year  (9)
2008

Mark H. McCormack Award  (11)
2009

PGA Tour Player of the Year  (10)
PGA Player of the Year  (10)
PGA Tour Money Leader  (9)
Vardon Trophy  (8)
Byron Nelson Award  (9)
Mark H. McCormack Award  (12)
FedEx Cup (2)
Golf Writers Association of America Player of the Year  (10)
Associated Press Athlete of the Decade
2010

Mark H. McCormack Award  (13)
2013

PGA Tour Player of the Year  (11)
PGA Player of the Year  (11)
PGA Tour Money Leader  (10)
Vardon Trophy  (9)
Mark H. McCormack Award  (14)


document_title: Non-tax revenue

question_text: what is a non tax source of revenue for states

root

text: Non-tax revenue

text:
Public finance

Policies[show]

Agricultural
Economic
Energy
Industrial
Investment
Social
Trade
Fiscal
Monetary
Policy mix

Fiscal policy[show]

Budget

policy

Debt

external
internal

Deficit / Surplus
Finance ministry
Fiscal union
Revenue
Spending

deficit

Tax

Monetary policy[show]

Bank reserves (requirements)

Discount window
Gold reserves
Interest rate

Monetary authority

central bank
currency board

Monetary base
Monetary (currency) union
Money supply

Trade policy[show]

Balance of trade
Free trade
Gains from trade
Non-tariff barrier
Protectionism
Tariff
Trade bloc
Trade creation
Trade diversion
Trade / Commerce ministry

Revenue
Spending

[show]

Non-tax revenue
Tax revenue
Discretionary spending
Mandatory spending

Optimum[show]

Balanced budget (fiscal)
Growth (trade and investment)
Price stability (monetary)

Reform[show]

Fiscal adjustment
Monetary reform

v
t
e

tag: table

text: Non-tax revenue or non-tax receipts are government revenue not generated from taxes.

tag: p

text: Examples[edit]

text:
Aid from another level of government (intragovernmental aid): in the United States, federal grants may be considered non-tax revenue to the receiving states, and equalization payments
Aid from abroad (foreign aid)
Tribute or indemnities paid by a weaker state to a stronger one, often as a condition of peace after suffering military defeat. The war reparations paid by the defeated Central Powers after the First World War offer a well-known example.
Loans, or other borrowing, from monetary funds and/or other governments
Revenue from state-owned enterprises (for example, revenue from Public Sector Unions)
Revenue (including interest or profit) from investment funds (collective investment schemes), sovereign wealth funds, or endowments
Revenues from sales of state assets
Rents, concessions, and royalties collected by the state when it contracts out the right to profit from some good or service to a private corporation. An example are contracts for resource extraction (for such natural resources as minerals, timber, petroleum and natural gas, or marine resources) collected privately under license from state-owned lands
Fines collected and assets forfeitured as a penalty. Examples include parking fines, court costs levied on criminal offenders
Fees for the granting or issuance of permits or licenses. Examples include vehicle registration plate permits, vehicle registration fees, watercraft registration fees, building fees, driver's licenses, hunting and fishing licenses, fees for professional licensing, fees for visas or passports, fees for demolition, rezoning, and land grading (which causes silt), and sometimes for increasing stormwater runoff, destroying native vegetation, and cutting-down healthy trees.
User fees collected in exchange for the use of many public services and facilities. Tolls charged for the use of toll roads are an example
Donations and voluntary contributions to the state

tag: ul


document_title: Salivary gland

question_text: what gland is also known as the mixed gland

text: Salivary gland

text: Structure[edit]

text: The salivary glands are detailed below:

text: Parotid glands[edit]

text: The two parotid glands are major salivary glands wrapped around the mandibular ramus in humans. The largest of the salivary glands, they secrete saliva to facilitate mastication and swallowing, and amylase to begin the digestion of starches. It is the serous type of gland which secretes the ptyalin. It enters the oral cavity via the parotid duct or Stensen duct. The glands are located posterior to the mandibular ramus and anterior to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. They are clinically relevant in dissections of facial nerve branches while exposing the different lobes of it since any iatrogenic lesion will result in either loss of action or strength of muscles involved in facial expression. They produce 20% of the total salivary content in the oral cavity.

text: Submandibular glands[edit]

text: The submandibular glands are a pair of major salivary glands located beneath the lower jaws, superior to the digastric muscles. The secretion produced is a mixture of both serous fluid and mucus, and enters the oral cavity via the submandibular duct or Wharton duct. Approximately 65-70% of saliva in the oral cavity is produced by the submandibular glands, even though they are much smaller than the parotid glands.You can usually feel this gland, as it is in the superficial cervical region and feels like a rounded ball. It is located about two fingers above the Adam's apple (laryngeal prominence) and about two inches apart under the chin.

text: Sublingual glands[edit]

text: The sublingual glands are a pair of major salivary glands located inferior to the tongue, anterior to the submandibular glands. The secretion produced is mainly mucous in nature; however, it is categorized as a mixed gland. Unlike the other two major glands, the ductal system of the sublingual glands does not have intercalated ducts and usually does not have striated ducts either, so saliva exits directly from 8-20 excretory ducts known as the Rivinus ducts. Approximately 5% of saliva entering the oral cavity comes from these glands.

text: Minor salivary glands[edit]

text: There are 800-1000 minor salivary glands located throughout the oral cavity within the submucosa[1] of the oral mucosa in the tissue of the buccal, labial, and lingual mucosa, the soft palate, the lateral parts of the hard palate, and the floor of the mouth or between muscle fibers of the tongue.[2] They are 1-2mm in diameter and unlike the major glands, they are not encapsulated by connective tissue, only surrounded by it. The gland has usually a number of acini connected in a tiny lobule. A minor salivary gland may have a common excretory duct with another gland, or may have its own excretory duct. Their secretion is mainly mucous in nature (except for Von Ebner glands- see next section) and have many functions such as coating the oral cavity with saliva. Problems with dentures are sometimes associated with minor salivary glands if there is dry mouth present (see further discussion).[1] The minor salivary glands are innervated by the seventh cranial or facial nerve.[2]

text: Von Ebner's glands[edit]

text: Von Ebner's glands are glands found in a trough circling the circumvallate papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue near the terminal sulcus. They secrete a purely serous fluid that begins lipid hydrolysis. They also facilitate the perception of taste through secretion of digestive enzymes and proteins.[1] The arrangement of these glands around the circumvallate papillae provides a continuous flow of fluid over great number of taste bud along the sides of the papillae. It is important for dissolving the food particles to be tested.

text: Nerve supply[edit]

text: Salivary glands are innervated, either directly or indirectly, by the parasympathetic and sympathetic arms of the autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic stimulation evokes a copious flow of saliva. In contrast, sympathetic stimulation produces either a small flow, which is rich in protein, or no flow at all.[3]

text:
Parasympathetic innervation to the salivary glands is carried via cranial nerves. The parotid gland receives its parasympathetic input from the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) via the otic ganglion, while the submandibular and sublingual glands receive their parasympathetic input from the facial nerve (CN VII) via the submandibular ganglion. These nerves release acetylcholine and substance P, which activate the IP3 and DAG pathways respectively.
Direct sympathetic innervation of the salivary glands takes place via preganglionic nerves in the thoracic segments T1-T3 which synapse in the superior cervical ganglion with postganglionic neurons that release norepinephrine, which is then received by β-adrenergic receptors on the acinar and ductal cells of the salivary glands, leading to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels and the corresponding increase of saliva secretion. Note that in this regard both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimuli result in an increase in salivary gland secretions.[4] The sympathetic nervous system also affects salivary gland secretions indirectly by innervating the blood vessels that supply the glands.

text: Microanatomy[edit]

text: The gland is internally divided into lobules. Blood vessels and nerves enter the glands at the hilum and gradually branch out into the lobules.

text: Acini[edit]

text: Secretory cells are found in a group, or acinus (plural, acini). Each acinus is located at the terminal part of the gland connected to the ductal system, with many acini within each lobule of the gland. Each acinus consists of a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells surrounding a lumen, a central opening where the saliva is deposited after being produced by the secretory cells. The three forms of acini are classified in terms of the type of epithelial cell present and the secretory product being produced: serous, mucoserous and mucous.[5]

text: Ducts[edit]

text: In the duct system, the lumina are formed by intercalated ducts, which in turn join to form striated ducts. These drain into ducts situated between the lobes of the gland (called interlobar ducts or secretory ducts). These are found on most major and minor glands (exception may be the sublingual gland).[5]

text: All of the human salivary glands terminate in the mouth, where the saliva proceeds to aid in digestion. The saliva that salivary glands release is quickly inactivated in the stomach by the acid that is present there but the saliva also contains enzymes that are actually activated by the acid.

text: Gene and protein expression[edit]

text: About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and 60% of these genes are expressed in normal, adult salivary glands[6][7]. Less than 100 genes are more specifically expressed in the salivary gland. The salivary gland specific genes are mainly genes that encode for secreted proteins and compared to other organs in the human body, the salivary gland has the highest fraction of secreted genes. The heterogeneous family of proline-rich, human salivary glycoproteins, such as PRB1 and PRH1, are salivary gland specific proteins with highest level of expression. Examples of other specifically expressed proteins include the digestive amylase enzyme AMY1A, the mucin MUC7 and statherin, all of major importance for specific characteristics of saliva.

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: A sialogram is a radiocontrast study of a salivary duct that may be used to investigate its function.

text: A salivary calculus may cause blockage of the ducts, causing pain and swelling of the gland. These are most commonly found in the submandibular gland ducts.

text: Saliva production may be pharmacologically stimulated by sialagogues such as pilocarpine and cevimeline. It can also be suppressed by so-called antisialagogues such as tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs, antihypertensives, and polypharmacy.[8] Cancer treatments including chemotherapy and radiation therapy may impair salivary flow. Radiation therapy may cause permanent hyposalivation due to injury to the oral mucosa containing the salivary glands, resulting in dry mouth or xerostomia, whereas chemotherapy may cause only temporary salivary impairment.

text: Graft versus host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation may manifest as dry mouth and many small mucoceles.

text: Tumours of the salivary glands may occur, including mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

text: Microbiome[edit]

text: A unique commensal community of microorganisms, or bacteria, are present in the health salivary glands. During the study of this biome, many new genera of bacteria were discovered that had not been seen before.

text: Aging of salivary glands[edit]

text: Aging of salivary glands show some structural changes:[9][10][11]

text:
Decrease in volume of acinar tissue
Increase in fibrous tissue
Increase in adipose tissue
Ductal hyperplasia and dilation [9]

text: In addition to that, there would be some changes in salivary contents:

text:
Decrease in concentration of secretory IgA [9]
Decrease in the amount of mucin

text: However, there is no overall change in the amount of saliva secreted.

text: Other animals[edit]

text: The salivary glands of some species however, are modified to produce proteins; salivary amylase is found in many, but by no means all, bird and mammal species (including humans, as noted above). Furthermore, the venom glands of venomous snakes (colloquially called poisonous snakes), Gila monsters, and some shrews, are modified salivary glands.[8] In other organisms such as insects, salivary glands are often used to produce biologically important proteins like silk or glues, and fly salivary glands contain polytene chromosomes that have been useful in genetic research.


document_title: Mardi Gras in the United States

question_text: when did mardi gras become an official state holiday in louisiana

question_tokens: when did mardi gras become an official state holiday in louisiana

text: Mardi Gras in the United States

text: Early days in American colonies[edit]

text: Mardi Gras arrived in North America as a sedate French Catholic tradition with the Le Moyne brothers,[3] Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville and Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, in the late 17th century, when King Louis XIV sent the pair to defend France's claim on the territory of Louisiane, which included what are now the U.S. states of Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana.[3]

text: The expedition, led by Iberville, entered the mouth of the Mississippi River on the evening of March 2, 1699, Lundi Gras, not yet knowing it was the river explored and claimed for France by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle in 1683. The party proceeded upstream to a place on the west bank about 60 miles downriver from where New Orleans is today, where a small tributary emptied into the great river, and made camp in what is now Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana. This was on March 3, 1699, Mardi Gras day, so in honor of this holiday, Iberville named the spot Point du Mardi Gras (French: "Mardi Gras Point") and called the small tributary Bayou Mardi Gras.[4] Bienville went on to found Mobile, Alabama in 1702 as the first capital of French Louisiana.[5] In 1703 French settlers in that city began to celebrate the Mardi Gras tradition.[3][6][7] By 1720, Biloxi was made capital of Louisiana. While it had French settlers, Mardi Gras and other customs were celebrated with more fanfare given its new status.[3] In 1723, the capital of French Louisiana was moved to New Orleans, founded in 1718.[5] With the growth of New Orleans as a city and the creolization of different cultures, the varied celebration of Mardi Gras became the event most strongly associated with the city.[3] In more recent times, several U.S. cities without a French Catholic heritage have instituted the celebration of Mardi Gras, which sometimes emerged as grassroots movements to help accompany single people to celebrate something in late Winter which is often dominated by the commercialized and couple-centric Valentine's Day, and as a result it has been co-opted as the single people's late Winter holiday.

text: Alabama[edit]

text: Mardi Gras is an official state holiday in Mobile and Baldwin counties. Other counties in the state grant employees a day of personal leave in lieu of Mardi Gras.[8]

text: Mobile[edit]

text: Mobile, founded by Bienville in 1702, is known for having the oldest organized Mardi Gras celebrations in the United States, beginning in 1703.[9] It was also host to the first formally organized Mardi Gras parade in the United States in 1830.[9]

text: Mobile's Mardi Gras celebrations revolve around mystic societies, private social organizations that have been a fundamental part of the social and business fabric of the city. The mystic societies are organizations, similar to krewes in New Orleans, that present parades, masked balls, and activities for the enjoyment of its members, guests, and the public.[10] Mystic society membership is secret.[10] The mystic societies build colorful Carnival floats and parade throughout downtown Mobile during the Carnival season with masked society members tossing small gifts, known as "throws", to the parade spectators.[11] Throws were first introduced in Mobile during an 1837 Cowbellion de Rakin Society parade. They initially consisted of sugar plumbs, kisses, and oranges.[9] Currently, throws may be trinkets, candy, cookies, peanuts, women's panties, artificial roses, stuffed animals, doubloons, cups, hats, can coolers, Frisbees, medallion necklaces, bead necklaces of every variety, and the iconic Moon Pies.[10]

text: Mobile's mystic societies give formal masquerade balls, known as bal masqués, which are almost always invitation only and are oriented to adults.[10] Attendance at a ball requires that a strict dress code, or costume de rigueur, be followed. The formal dress code usually involves full-length evening gowns for women and white tie with tails for male invited guests, and masked costumes for society members.[10] The balls feature dramatic entertainment, music, dancing, food, and drinks.[10] Balls are usually based upon a theme which is carried out through scenery, decorations, costumes, and a tableau vivant.[10]

text: Mobile first celebrated Carnival in 1703 when French settlers began the festivities at the Old Mobile Site.[12] Mobile's first Carnival society was organized in 1704, when Nicholas Langlois founded Société de Saint Louis.[13] In 1711 it was renamed the Boeuf Gras Society (Fatted Ox Society) (1711–1861).[14] In 1830 Mobile's Cowbellion de Rakin Society was the first formally organized and masked mystic society in the United States to celebrate with a parade.[12][15] The Cowbellions got their start when Michael Krafft, a cotton factor from Pennsylvania, began a parade with participants' carrying rakes, hoes, and cowbells.[15] The "Cowbellions" introduced horse-drawn floats to the parades in 1840 with a parade entitled, "Heathen Gods and Goddesses".[14] The Striker's Independent Society was formed in 1843. It is the oldest surviving mystic society or krewe in the United States.[14]

text: In 1856 six businessmen, formerly of Mobile, gathered at a club room in New Orlean's French Quarter to organize a secret society to observe Mardi Gras with a formal parade. They founded New Orleans' first and oldest krewe, the Mistick Krewe of Comus.[16][17] Carnival celebrations in Mobile were cancelled during the American Civil War. In 1866 Joe Cain revived the Mardi Gras parades by portraying a fictional Chickasaw chief named Slacabamorinico while parading in costume through the city streets on Fat Tuesday. He celebrated the day in front of Union Army occupation troops.[18] The Order of Myths, Mobile's oldest mystic society that continues to parade, was founded in 1867 and held its first parade on Mardi Gras night in 1868.[14] The Infant Mystics also began to parade on Mardi Gras night in 1868, but later moved their parade to Lundi Gras.[14]

text: The Mobile Carnival Association was formed in 1871 to coordinate the events of Mardi Gras. That year was also the occasion of the First Royal Court at which was crowned the first king of Carnival, Emperor Felix I.[14] The Comic Cowboys of Wragg Swamp were established in 1884, along with their mission of satire and free expression.[14] The Continental Mystic Crew mystic society was founded in 1890; it was Mobile's first Jewish mystic society.[12] In 1894 the Order of Doves mystic society was founded and held its first Mardi Gras ball. It was the first African-American mystic society in Mobile.[12] In 1929 the Infant Mystics, the second oldest society that continues to parade, introduced the first electric floats to Mobile.[14] In 1939 the Colored Carnival Association was founded and had its first parade; it was later renamed the Mobile Area Mardi Gras Association.[12] In 1980 the Order of Osiris, the oldest surviving gay and lesbian mystic society in Mobile, held its first ball.[14] In 1995 the 1st Mobile International Carnival Ball was held, with every known Mobile mystic society in attendance.[14] In 2002, Mobile celebrated its Tricentennial with parades representing every known mystic society.[14] A documentary film, The Order of Myths, was released in 2008 with a focus on Mardi Gras celebrations and how race and class influences many aspects of Mardi Gras in the city, including the mystic societies.[19] According statistics from the Alabama Tourism Department, Mobile Mardi Gras is the most-attended annual event in the state. The event attracted more than 800,000 people in 2010 and more than one million in 2011.[20][21]

text: Demopolis[edit]

text: Demopolis, another Alabama city with French roots, has held an annual Mardi Gras masquerade ball since 2008.[22][23] The ball, hosted by the Marengo County Historical Society, is held at one of the city's historic mansions, Lyon Hall.[22]

text: The city was founded and named by a group of French expatriates, a mix of exiled former Bonapartists and other French migrants who settled in the United States following the overthrow of the colonial government in Saint-Domingue (Haiti). The name means the People's City or City of the People. First settled in 1817, Demopolis is one of the oldest continuous settlements in the state outside of coastal Alabama.[24][25]

text: Arkansas[edit]

text: Eureka Springs[edit]

text: Eureka Gras is a celebration of Mardi Gras in the Ozark Mountain resort town of Eureka Springs, Arkansas. Begun in 2006 as a "one car parade" conducted by New Orleanian Daniel Ellis after he moved to Eureka Springs in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, it is now run by a so-called "Krewe of Krazo" ("Ozark" spelled in reverse) and has grown into a month-long celebration with a parade running more than an hour, multiple balls, and other events.[26]

text: California[edit]

text: San Francisco[edit]

text: Carnaval San Francisco is an annual street parade and festival in San Francisco at the end of May.

text: San Diego[edit]

text: As of 2005, there is a corporate-sponsored party in the Gaslamp Quarter of downtown San Diego.[27] In addition there is a San Diego Brazil Carnival Ball that is part of the San Diego Carnival Mardi Gras season.

text: San Luis Obispo[edit]

text: Mardi Gras celebrations in San Luis Obispo have been controversial in recent years. In 2005 leaders of this Central California city called for an end to public celebrations, as the city had become a destination for students from across the state, and celebrations had gotten out of control.

text: Florida[edit]

text: Pensacola[edit]

text: Pensacola, Florida hosts a Mardi Gras Celebration. The Pensacola celebrations also use Moon Pies in combination with beads, coins, candies & Krewe-related trades. The Pensacola festivities and the Krewes that sponsor them often are more light-hearted and family-oriented than some in other venues. The name of a number of the Krewes are puns of the names of historic Krewes in New Orleans and Mobile.

text: The annual Pensacola celebration, is among the oldest in the United States, dating back to 1874. Festivities typically took place on the eponymous Tuesday itself and the preceding week.

text: The first organized secular celebration of Carnival in Pensacola was in 1874, when a group of men including B. F. Yniestra, D. G. and F. C. Brent, D. K. Huckley and Dr. J. C. Whiting established the Knights of Priscus Association. The name Priscus came from Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome who:

text: was the first Roman king to wear a purple robe, and golden crown on his head. He established the circus or place where games could be held, also increased the number of Roman knights, and built a stone wall around the city. His majesty of our carnival, like his prototype of old Rome, knows that "A little folly now and then / Is relished by the best of men."[28]

text: The event became unorganized, having "fallen entirely into the hands of individual merry-makers and frolickers who disported themselves as their own wild merriment dictated,"[28] but was reorganized by the Clerks Union in 1900. They formed the Pensacola Carnival Association with a 12-person committee led by chairman J. I. Johnson. Priscus remained the title of the festival's ceremonial king, and Alexander Clement Blount II was named the first King Priscus of the new group.

text: Pensacola's first ladies mystic society, the "Pompadour Mystic Society" (the Pompadours), held its first annual Mystic Ball at the Armory Hall on February 19, 1909, crowning Dudley Thornton as King.[29] The "Revellers of Ariola", Pensacola's first male mystic society, was organized in 1909[30] and held its first Tableau Ball at the K of C Hall on January 28, 1910 crowning Miss Cornelia Bass as Queen of Ariola.[31] In 1936, the female krewe "Merry Markers" held its first ball in 1936.[32] With the exception of the Pompadours, these founding Carnival Season organizations remain active in Pensacola's celebrations to this day.

text: The public celebration is currently organized by Pensacola Mardi Gras, Inc., and Pensacola Mardi Gras krewes parades and balls occur in the weekend prior to Fat Tuesday.

text: Parades are on Friday night ("Krewe of Lafitte"), Saturday afternoon (the "Grand Parade"), and the "Krewe of Wrecks" parade on Pensacola Beach on Sunday. No parades are held on Mardi Gras, itself.

text: Many krewes in Pensacola are smaller than in Mobile or New Orleans, so typically a parade has floats sponsored by numerous different krewes, rather than a single krewe having its own parade.

text: Older krewes holding Carnival balls but do not parade, include the Rebellaires (1947), Pierrettes, Mystic Maids sand Marionettes. Parading krewes include: Krewe of African Kings, Krewe of African Queens, Krewe of Andres de Pez, Krewe of Aphrodite, Krewe of Avant Garde, Krewe of Brewe, Krewe of Hip Huggers, Krewe of Jesters, Krewe of Lafitte, Mayoki Indians, Krewe of Nauga, Krewe of Seville, Krewe of the Silver Slipper, Krewe of Warriors, Mystic Krewe of Nereids, Krewe du YaYas, Order of Odin and Krewe of Gatsby Girls.

text: Hollywood[edit]

text: Hollywood, Florida hosts Mardi Gras festivities in the downtown area and a Fat Tuesday celebration on Hollywood Beach Broadwalk with live entertainment and Creole food. Fiesta Tropicale emerged from a Hollywood tradition that started in 1935 as Fiesta of the Nations, a celebration of different cultures featuring performances by costumed children at Hollywood Central School. In 1997, a core group of Hollywood residents re-established the Mardi Gras celebration as Fiesta Tropicale of Hollywood, Inc. where krewes built floats and second lined through the downtown business district.

text: Orlando[edit]

text: In Orlando, the Universal Studios Florida theme park hosts an annual Mardi Gras celebration. This event features concerts by top musical acts, a Mardi Gras parade, and more. The event takes place over multiple weekends from February to April at the park, and is included with the regular daily admission to the park.

text: Louisiana[edit]

text: New Orleans[edit]

text: New Orleans Mardi Gras celebrations draw hundreds of thousands of tourists to the city to mingle with the locals at the famed parties and parades. As many as a half-million spectators have been estimated by officials to line the route of major parades. The first Mardi Gras festivities in Louisiana were held on March 3, 1699. On that day, a group of French explorers set up camp on the west bank of the Mississippi River, about 60 miles downriver from what is now New Orleans. The group's leader, Pierre Baptiste Le Moyne, Sieur d'Iberville dubbed the spot La Pointe du Mardi Gras. Three hundred years later, the Rex organization put a marker at the site.[33]

text: An account from 1743 notes that the custom of holding Carnival balls was established by that date, during the time when Bienville was governor. On Mardi Gras, there were masques and processions in the streets of the city, although they were, at times, prohibited by law. The celebrations were quickly resumed whenever restrictions were lifted or the enforcement of them was lax. In 1833, Bernard Xavier de Marigny de Mandeville, a rich plantation owner, raised the money to fund an official Mardi Gras celebration.

text: On Mardi Gras of 1857 the Mistick Krewe of Comus held its first parade. Comus is the oldest continuously active Mardi Gras organization. It originated a number of traditions that continue today (such as the use of floats in parades) and is considered the first Carnival krewe in the modern sense of the term.

text: In 1875, the state of Louisiana declared Mardi Gras a legal holiday.[34] Economic, political, and weather conditions sometimes led to the cancellation of some or all of the major parades, especially during the American Civil War, World War I and World War II, but Carnival has always been observed in the city in some way.[34]

text: The last large parades went through the narrow streets of the city's old French Quarter neighborhood in 1972. Larger floats and crowds and safety concerns led the city government to prohibit big parades in the Quarter.

text: In 1991, the New Orleans city council passed an ordinance that required social organizations, including Mardi Gras Krewes, to certify publicly that they did not discriminate on the basis of race, religion, gender or sexual orientation, in order to obtain parade permits and other public licenses.[35] The ordinance required these and other private social groups to abandon their traditional code of secrecy and identify their members for the city's Human Relations Commission. In protest, the 19th century krewes Comus and Momus stopped parading.[36] Proteus did parade in the 1992 Carnival season, but returned to the parade schedule in 2000. Two federal courts later declared that the ordinance was an unconstitutional infringement on First Amendment rights of free association, and an unwarranted intrusion on the privacy of the groups subject to the ordinance. The Supreme Court refused to hear the city's appeal of their decision. Today, many krewes operate under a business structure – membership is open to anyone who pays dues to have a place on a parade float.

text: The effect of Hurricane Katrina on New Orleans in late 2005 caused a few people to question the future of the city's Mardi Gras celebrations. The city government, essentially bankrupt after the storm, pushed for a massively scaled back celebration to limit strains on city services. However, many krewes insisted that they wanted to and would be ready to parade, so negotiations between krewe leaders and city officials resulted in a compromise schedule, scaled back but less severely than originally suggested. The 2006 New Orleans' Carnival schedule included the Krewe du Vieux on its traditional route through Marigny and the French Quarter on February 11, then several parades on Saturday, the 18th, and Sunday the 19th, followed by six days of parades starting Thursday night, the 23rd, until Mardi Gras Day, the 28th. Other than Krewe du Vieux and two Westbank parades that went through Algiers, all New Orleans parades were restricted to the Saint Charles Avenue Uptown to Canal Street route, a section of the city which escaped significant flooding. Restrictions were placed on the amount of time parades could be on the street and how late they could go.

text: Louisiana State troopers and National Guard assisted with crowd control for the first time since 1979. Many of the floats had been partially submerged in the floodwaters for weeks. While some krewes repaired and removed all traces of these effects, others incorporated flood lines and other damage into the designs of the floats. Most of the locals who worked on the floats and rode on them were significantly impacted by the storm, and many had lost most or all of their possessions, but their enthusiasm for Carnival was even more intense than usual and celebrated as an affirmation of life. The themes of many costumes and floats had more barbed satire than usual, with commentary on the trials and tribulations of living in the devastated city, with references to MREs, Katrina refrigerators and FEMA trailers, along with much mocking of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and local and national politicians.

text: It is impossible to estimate how synonymous Mardi Gras and New Orleans have become in popular culture. In 1926, Ferde Grofe wrote an orchestral cycle called the Mississippi Suite, the last movement featuring a musical depiction of Mardi Gras in the French Quarter. Since then the influence of Fat Tuesday on American culture has only increased, as evidenced by the wealth of songs, films, and television shows about the notorious festival.

text: Alexandria[edit]

text: Alexandria, which is located in the heart of Central Louisiana (CenLa), enjoys a blend of Mardi Gras traditions in keeping with the area's reputation as the "cultural crossroads" of the state. In addition to Mardi Gras balls, parties, and other functions, it hosts several parades, including the Alexandria Mardi Gras Association (AMGA) Krewe Parade, traditionally on the Sunday before Mardi Gras, a Children's parade, and the "Krewe of Provine" Parade, usually held on Mardi Gras Day. In 2008, the "College Cheerleaders and Classic Cars" parade made its debut with warm reception. The area's parades are known for their mix of traditional Mardi Gras fun and revelry with a family-friendly environment. They attract people from as far away as Texas and Mississippi.

text: Baton Rouge[edit]

text: Baton Rouge hosts eight parades, including the Spanish Town Parade, Krewe of Southdowns, Krewe of Mutts (dog parade), Krewe Mystique, and Parades such as the Krewe of Orion, Krewe of Artemis, Krewe of Jupiter, and Krewe of Poseidon(new for 2010) which offer more of a traditional New Orleans-style parade. All parades take place downtown, with the exception of the annual Southdowns parade, which runs through the Southdowns subdivision just south of Downtown.

text: Houma[edit]

text: Houma hosts a significant Mardi Gras celebration of ten parades, two of which roll on Mardi Gras day, and the others on the two weekends preceding the big day. King Houmas rules on Fat Tuesday itself. Law enforcement officials estimated that in 2008, more than 150,000 people lined the route of his parade. Mardi Gras has been celebrated annually in Houma since 1947. "Krewe of Hercules", "Krewe of Aquarius", "Krewe of Hyacinthians", "Krewe of Titans", "Krewe of Aphrodite", "Krewe of Mardi Gras", "Krewe of Terreanians", "Krewe of Cleopatra", "Krewe of Houmas", and the "Krewe of Kajuns" make up the ten parades. Houma is about 60 miles southwest of New Orleans.

text: Lafayette[edit]

text: Lafayette is home to the state's second largest Mardi Gras celebration,[37][38][39][40] which includes eight parades of floats and bands during the Carnival season. The first parade, ten days before Mardi Gras, is the celebrity-led "Krewe of Carnivale en Rio Parada", featuring over 600 riders. Parade royalty on Fat Tuesday includes King Gabriel and Queen Evangeline, named for the hero and heroine of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's epic poem; and King Toussaint L'Ouverture and Queen Suzanne Simonet, named for the great Haitian historical leaders. Mardi Gras parades have been an annual tradition in Lafayette since 1934. Recent attendance on Mardi Gras day has been estimated as high as 250,000 by police spokespersons. The first formal Mardi Gras ball and parade in Lafayette dates back to 1869.

text: In 1897, King Attakapas, the first Lafayette Mardi Gras king was crowned. He rode into town on a Southern Pacific train decorated to look like a royal throne and led the parade. After 1897, formal Mardi Gras parades and balls seemed to come and go until 1934 when the Southwest Louisiana Mardi Gras association was formed by representatives from civic and service organizations to ensure that Lafayette would always have a Mardi Gras celebration.

text: Lake Charles[edit]

text: Lake Charles hosts a family-friendly Mardi Gras celebration with nine parades.[41] With over 50 krewes, it is second only to New Orleans in the number of krewes in Louisiana.[42] The Lake Charles Mardi Gras celebration is unique in that it is the only place in Louisiana where the public is invited to see the costumes of the all the krewes in one place, at the Lake Charles Civic Center.[43] Mardi Gras began in Lake Charles as early as 1882 when King Momus landed on the lakefront to begin the celebration.[44] With the onset of the World Wars, Mardi Gras in Lake Charles was not celebrated as much, but was revived in the latter part of the century. This celebration begins in Lake Charles on January 6 each year. The last parade is the Krewe of Krewes Parade in downtown Lake Charles.[45] Mardi Gras in Lake Charles regularly draws 150,000 people.[46] In addition, Mardi Gras can be enjoyed in Lake Charles year round at the Mardi Gras Museum of Imperial Calcasieu, which features elaborate costumes and an interactive float.[47] This museum houses the world's largest collection of Mardi Gras costumes.[48]

text: New Roads[edit]

text: New Roads another Mardi Gras celebration outside New Orleans.[49] The family-friendly celebration has been an annual event since 1922 and includes two parades on Fat Tuesday: the Community Center Carnival parade, one of the nation's oldest African-American sponsored events, which rolls in the morning; and the New Roads Lions Carnival parade, the first-known Mardi Gras parade to be staged as a charitable fundraiser, which rolls in the afternoon.

text: Each parade consists of as many as 35 floats built fresh each year, and 10 marching bands and drill units. Unlike the exclusivity of krewe parades in New Orleans and other cities, New Roads' parades are open to public participation, with local schools, churches, organizations, businesses and families building, entering and riding the floats. New Roads' proximity to the Baton Rouge metropolitan area results in an unusually large number of visitors to the New Roads parades, the town's normal size considering. Law enforcement officials have estimated New Roads parade attendance as high as 100,000 in years marked by favorable weather.[50][51][52]

text: Shreveport[edit]

text: Shreveport, located in the Northwestern corner of the state, has numerous krewes, including several that do not parade. Some of them include Atlas, Sobek, Harambee, Centaur, Gemini, Highland, and Asclepius. Thousands of people come to Shreveport to see the parades each year. History has it that Shreveport was said to had Mardi Gras parades beginning after the Civil War. However, the Great Depression ended the celebration for years. In 1989 the parade tradition was renewed by the Krewe of Gemini parade. With their New Orleans style floats, Gemini has grown to the biggest krewe in Shreveport, peaking at over 300 members a couple of years ago.

text: Courir de Mardi Gras[edit]

text: In parts of Cajun country, such as Eunice, Basile, Church Point and Mamou, the traditional Courir de Mardi Gras (French for the "Mardi Gras Run") is still held. Le Capitaine leads masked men on horseback to gather ingredients for making the communal meal (usually a gumbo). Participants gather in costume and move from home to home requesting ingredients for the night's meal. This rural Mardi Gras draws on traditions that are centuries old. Revelers sing "La Chanson de Mardi Gras", a song echoing medieval melodies.

text: People escape from ordinary life partly through the alcohol many consume in their festive quest, but more so through the roles they portray in costume. As they act out their parts in a wild, gaudy pageant, they are escaping from routine existence, freed from the restraints that confine them every other day of the year.

text: [53] The capitaine maintains control over the Mardi Gras. He issues instructions to the riders as they assemble early in the morning and then leads them on their run. When they arrive at a farm house, he obtains permission to enter private property, after which the riders may charge toward the house, where they sing, dance, and beg until the owner offers them an ingredient for a gumbo. Often, the owner will throw a live chicken into the air that the maskers will chase, like football players trying to recover a fumble. By mid to late afternoon, the courir returns to town and parades down the main street on the way to the location where the evening gumbo will be prepared.[53]

text: Other Louisiana cities[edit]

text: Other Louisiana cities holding Mardi Gras parades include Bogalusa, Bush, Chalmette, Columbia, Covington, Gretna, Kaplan, La Place, Madisonville, Mandeville, Metairie, Minden, Monroe, Natchitoches, Pearl River, Slidell, Springhill, and Thibodaux.

text: Because of violent activities of the American terrorist group, the Ku Klux Klan, Louisiana has a state law prohibiting the wearing of hoods and masks in public. Mardi Gras is one of the occasions when exceptions are allowed, as are Halloween celebrations and religious observance.[54]

text: Michigan[edit]

text: Detroit[edit]

text: Michigan's first Catholic settlers were French. The Fat Tuesday celebrations of modern times in Detroit stem from the more recent influence of the Polish Paczki Day.

text: Mississippi[edit]

text: Gulf Coast[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Biloxi, Mississippi holds a traditional morning parade by the Gulf Coast Carnival Association (GCCA) and an afternoon parade by the Krewe of Neptune. Nearby Gulfport, holds a traditional night parade sponsored by the Krewe of Gemini. Other parades include evening events in Pascagoula, Ocean Springs, D'Iberville, Gautier, Waveland, Bay St. Louis, Long Beach, and Pass Christian, just to name a few. Damage from Hurricane Katrina led to deviations from traditional routes or parade cancellations in some locations in 2006.

text: Mardi Gras parades have since become a sign of rebuilding along the coast line. Traditions in Mississippi are closely tied into those of New Orleans, Louisiana. Typically the larger floats which casinos use in the Mississippi parades are rented from float builders in New Orleans. Schools on the Gulf Coast usually let out during the 2-day holiday so children can attend the parades. Much like Mobile and New Orleans, the Mississippi Gulf Coast has its own unique societies and Mardi Gras associations that participate in float building and annual balls. Most of these parades and balls operate along the largest main roads of the coast, Highways 90 and 49. Prior to Katrina, the Biloxi Parade consisted of a morning, noon and night parade. It has since decreased to two parades, GCCA first followed by the Krewe of Neptune.

text: Central Mississippi[edit]

text: Vicksburg, located along the Mississippi River in central Mississippi, holds an annual Mardi Gras parade,[55] along with a Mardi Gras ball.[56]

text: Missouri[edit]

text: St. Louis[edit]

text: Although founded by French settlers in 1764[57] the city has not had a significant French Catholic population since the late 19th Century. The St. Louis Mardi Gras was revived in the early 1980s by bored, drunk patrons of Hilary's bar in the Soulard neighborhood[58] adjacent to downtown, when they decided to march to another neighboring bar.[58] Over the years, what started as a private party has grown in size and scale, and has attracted major corporate sponsorship,[58][59] On the second Saturday before Mardi Gras, there is a family-oriented "Krewe of Barkus" pet parade with corporate sponsorship by Beggin' Strips.[59] Participants consist of anyone who dresses up their pet in costume, and walks their pet along the parade route. The parade is followed by the informal Wiener dog races. Then, on the Saturday before Fat Tuesday, the more adult-oriented, flesh-for-beads parade occurs, although there have been various attempts to reserve a family section at one end of the route. People from all over storm the streets with beers and bead necklaces after the Saturday parade. The streets of Soulard, Geyer, Allen, Russell, Ann, Shenandoah, and others are crowded with people from 7th to 12th Street. The Fat Tuesday parade occurs in the evening. In recent years it has been moved from just north of Soulard to downtown St. Louis. The majority of the overall Mardi Gras festivities have corporate sponsorship, primarily from Anheuser-Busch and Southern Comfort.[59] In 2006, this led to an investigation by the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau and the Missouri Division of Alcohol and Tobacco Control into the legality of Mardi Gras Inc.'s sponsorship deals.[59]

text: Oklahoma[edit]

text: Tulsa[edit]

text: In 2010, Tulsa began holding an annual Mardi Gras parade through its downtown Blue Dome District.[60]

text: Oregon[edit]

text: Portland[edit]

text: In 2010, a group of Louisiana expatriates and friends founded the Mysti Krewe of Nimbus Mysti Krewe of Nimbus to bring Mardi Gras and Louisiana culture to the Pacific Northwest and Portland in particular. Lacking in any formal Mardi Gras festivities, the Krewe held the first Portland Mardi Gras Ball Portland Oregon's Mardi Gras Ball the Saturday before Mardi Gras. The Ball is now in its fourth year. Krewe activities have grown to include a Mardi Gras Day parade on Mississippi Avenue, a float entry in the annual Rose Festival Starlight Parade and second line parades at the Safeway Waterfront Blues Festival.

text: Pennsylvania[edit]

text: Philadelphia[edit]

text: There is an unofficial celebration of Mardi Gras on South Street every year. There is a noticeable police presence because of widespread drunkenness and looting that occurred among some of the younger participants in 2001. Local restaurants include New Orleans' themes, such as Fat Tuesday's, Les Bon Temps, and Nola's.

text: Texas[edit]

text: Galveston[edit]

text: Galveston, Texas is home to the largest Mardi Gras festival in Texas attracting up to 200,000 revelers to the island each year. The celebration in Galveston dates back 1867 when it consisted of merely a masked ball and a theatre performance of Shakespeare's "King Henry IV." The emergence of rival Krewes the "Knights of Momus" and the "Knights of Myth" created the first extravagant Mardi Gras celebration in 1871.[61] The island tradition now includes many night parades, masked balls and exquisite costumes. The current Mardi Gras was revived in 1985 by George P. Mitchell; unlike its New Orleans counterparts, there are no celebrations held on the Monday prior to Fat Tuesday. Since 1987, the Galveston Park Board has managed the event despite its struggles and successes.[62][63][64]

text: Prior to Hurricane Ike, promoters from the Galveston Park Board usually charge admission fees on the first weekend during the Mardi Gras season kickoff related to events within the Strand Entertainment District (bounded by 25th Street, Harborside Drive, 20th Street, and Market Street/Avenue D). Parades on Seawall Boulevard are free to the general public. Around 2007, the Park Board slashed $800,000 in their budget due to budget deficits where they decided to drop the admission fee for the 2008 season along with live music performances.[65]

text: After Ike's devastation on Galveston Island, there was no admission charge in 2009 and 2010 - it was believed at the time that Mardi Gras! Galveston was becoming like its New Orleans counterpart with no admission revenues imposed.[66] An editorial by the Galveston County Daily News in 2007 suggested that Mardi Gras should be managed and operated like Dickens on the Strand as a manageable event under a nonprofit like the Galveston Historical Foundation similar to the Port Arthur, TX Mardi Gras (produced by Mardi Gras of Southeast Texas, Inc).[67] Around April 2010, Galveston businessman Mike Dean, who runs Yaga's Entertainment, Inc. (the producer of the annual Galveston Food and Wine Festival and Chili Quest Festival), entered into a bidding process to become the new Mardi Gras promoter from 2011 – 2015 under a five-year contract, made official on November 18, 2010 as voted on by members of the Galveston City Council.[68] The admission fee has returned – which now includes both weekends prior to Fat Tuesday despite the hiring of 30 security officers to augment local law enforcement. Statistics from the Galveston Convention and Visitor's Bureau have stated that with the admission fees for both weekends, crime has dropped 50% and Galveston Police Chief Charles Wiley (prior to his 2012 retirement) is backing the admission fee despite opposition from Downtown Galveston businesses on The Strand and Mechanic Street.[69][70][71][72]

text: Revelers and vendors who usually frequent Mardi Gras on Galveston Island have concerns that the admission fee will bring fewer attendees along with financial uncertainty when the Park Board sold admission tickets prior to the 2008 season.[73] The March 5, 2011 Knights of Momus Parade attracted 20,000 revelers within the Strand while the crowd estimate during the entire Mardi Gras season is 250,000. Vendors and Downtown Galveston businesses have reported a drop in their sales despite the promoter bringing more live music, parades, and added security which includes metal detectors and bag checks.[74][75] As a downside, Yaga's Entertainment Inc. incorporated the rules and regulations modeled on Mardi Gras DFW – including a prohibition on professional video and still camera equipment within the Strand Entertainment District because of the production of live entertainment from national touring or band acts.[76][77] Ticket sales for the first weekend of the 2012 season dropped to 30% during the first weekend despite the numerous complaints [78] vented at Yaga's Entertainment, Inc. - Dean stated that the admission charge will remain indefinitely until the existing 5-year contract with the City of Galveston is up for renewal. Admission pricing at the entry gates averaged $17 where discounted $8 tickets were available from the Yaga's Entertainment Inc. website (www.YagasPresents.com). Decreased ticket revenue was also attributed to the cold temperatures and high winds on the first weekend, and heavy precipitation on the second weekend - changes for the 2013 season would include contingency planning where events can be rescheduled by time shifts.[79][80]

text: As of January 2013, the $17 admission fee is still imposed by Yaga's Entertainment - one Strand business, Crow's Southwest Cantina, has circulated a petition since Dean is allegedly profiteering but has stated that a free Mardi Gras is unsustainable. Houston TV station KTRK has stated that Mardi Gras! Galveston is becoming too expensive where local merchants are losing out just to pay to be on a public street. Galveston Convention Center and Visitor Bureau chair Leah Cast stated on FOX 26 Houston that charging the admission fees brings in a quality event inclusive of Grammy-nominated musicians and balcony parties.[81][82][83][84] A few Strand-area businesses claim that the admission fee keeps out the undesirable elements - during the February 9, 2013 festivities in the Strand Entertainment District, seven revelers who refused to leave the entertainment district were arrested by the Galveston Police Department during the street sweep where the police clear The Strand of all revelers. Angry revelers threw beer bottles, trash cans, and barricade fencing at the police where video footage were posted on YouTube. Over a year later during the March 1, 2014 Mardi Gras weekend, the same incident was repeated but Galveston Police officers fired tear gas at 19 partygoers who refused to comply with the police order to disperse.[85][86] [87][88]

text: In January 2015, the City of Galveston issued a Request for Qualifications concerning the future promoter of the Strand Entertainment District where the same criteria proposed for the 2011-15 contract will remain the same (live entertainment from national touring acts limited to recording artists, bands, along with paid admission (on Fridays and Saturdays prior to Fat Tuesday with free admission on Sundays - this was amended during the latter part of the previous 2011-15 contract) and gated checkpoints/bag checks (which is stipulated under the new contract in the wake of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings) but the contract (which lasted five years without a contract extension) is limited to 3 years where the City of Galveston can reserve the right to extend the contract for an additional two years. Some Strand businessowners who voiced their displeasure with Yaga's Entertainment would rather have the Strand Entertainment District managed like the Lone Star Rally since they do not set up gated checkpoints - their touring acts (live music) are usually performed at 2 stages.

text: Port Arthur[edit]

text: Port Arthur began celebrating Mardi Gras in 1993.[89]

text: Dallas[edit]

text: Dallas, Texas is home to a Mardi Gras celebration, MystiQal.[90]

text: Wisconsin[edit]

text: La Crosse[edit]

text: La Crosse has held a Mardi Gras celebration since 1991. Originally the celebration and its fund-raising efforts were used to provide assistance for Catholic school tuition within the Coulee Catholic Schools system. Now, in addition to the Coulee Catholic Schools, the event provides funding to the Boy Scouts of America, Girl Scouts of the USA, the Boys & Girls Clubs, and the YMCA. The La Crosse Mardi Gras includes a formal costume ball and a family and community festival.[91]