document_title: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit (season 14)

question_text: law and order svu criminal hatred cast list

text: Production[edit]

text: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit was renewed for a fourteenth season on May 9, 2012.[2] Prior to the season fourteen renewal, cast members Ice-T (Detective Fin Tutuola) and Mariska Hargitay (Detective Olivia Benson) had already renewed their contracts through the fourteenth season.[3][4] Ice-T announced on Twitter that filming on the fourteenth season began on Monday, July 23, 2012.[5]

text: In May 2012, show runner/executive producer Warren Leight said that the story line for season fourteen would pick up where the thirteenth-season finale left off: "In fact, there were a number of scenes we shot that didn't make it into this cut that may make it into the next one. ... It's good to know who did it and why, and who's pulling the strings."[6] On July 30, 2012, Leight confirmed the season premiere would be a two-part episode and Leight told Today, after talking about the returning guest stars from "Rhodium Nights": "We may want to do more of that this season," he said. The issue, he pointed out, is "how do you distinguish the 294th episode of 'SVU' from the others? I wanted to give people a reason to come back to season 14. The show deserves a good cliffhanger, and I loved reading people's responses after the finale ended -- 'Did they just do that?'" Leight continued, "People have us in a box," he said, "and I want them to see that the show is a little more adventurous than they might have remembered."[7] In September, Leight said in an interview with TV Guide that this season's theme would revolve around "everybody having secrets".[8]

text: On September 17, 2012, both Mariska Hargitay and Danny Pino tweeted that filming on SVU episode 300 started. Mariska tweeted "Can't believe we started filming our 300 episode today! #svu" and Pino tweeted with, "Congrats on 300 SVU's. Proud 2 contribute 28 to the tally. #quality&quantity".[9][10]

text: Production on season 14 of Law & Order: SVU (along with other New York City based TV series) was halted by NBC starting October 29, 2012 in the wake of Hurricane Sandy.[11] Show runner/executive producer Warren Leight tweeted on October 30, "SVU cast and crew seem to be safe. Our stages, and many of us, in the dark. Our thoughts and prayers to all suffering in Sandy's wake".[12] Ice-T tweeted on November 1, 2012, "SANDY Update: SVU production shut down all week. No power on set."[13] Law & Order: SVU's home studio on Chelsea Piers had water damage and a loss of electrical power; according to a note on the complex's website, "The city has not issued any location permits this week, so probably the earliest we'll be able to shoot is this weekend," said Warren Leight to NECN. "We are able to do some location scouting tomorrow (November 2, 2012) and we have our production meetings by phone, with people on their cells and calling from their cars. The main issue is going to be getting power restored." Mayor Michael Bloomberg's office said it would not issue permits for outdoor filming in the city's five boroughs until at least Friday, citing concerns about safety and the ongoing cleanup.[14][15]

text: Ice-T tweeted on November 2, 2012: "Just made it to the SVU set on location in Riverdale NY. My trailer has power, TV and heat. I need to take this MF home!"[16] Leight posted a tweet quoting Invictus earlier in the day, "#SVU cast and crew somehow resumed shooting this morning. We are muddied but unbowed."[17] At the production blog on the official website, they note the storm hit while episodes "Lessons Learned", and "Dream Deferred" were being shot; they couldn't get back into the studio or production office for weeks due to flooding.[18]

text: On December 6, 2012, NBC ordered an additional two episodes for this season, bringing the total to 24.[19] The season finale aired on May 22, 2013.[20]

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Mariska Hargitay as Detective Olivia Benson
Danny Pino as Detective Nick Amaro
Kelli Giddish as Detective Amanda Rollins
Richard Belzer as Sergeant John Munch
Ice-T as Detective Fin Tutuola
Dann Florek as Captain Don Cragen

text: Special guest star[edit]

text:
Carolyn McCormick as Dr. Elizabeth Olivet
B. D. Wong as Dr. George Huang

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Raúl Esparza as ADA Rafael Barba
Tamara Tunie as ME Dr. Melinda Warner
Dean Winters as Detective Brian Cassidy
Adam Baldwin as Captain Steven Harris
Reg E. Cathey as Defense Attorney Barry Querns
Elizabeth Marvel as Defense Attorney Rita Calhoun
Michael Mastro as Judge Serani
Ami Brabson as Judge Karyn Blake
Allison Fernandez as Zara Amaro
Andrea Navedo as Cynthia Mancheno
Jaden Matthew Rodriguez as Gil Mancheno
Kathryn Erbe as Lt. Alexandra Eames
Lindsay Pulsipher as Kim Rollins
Sue Simmons as Newscaster Sue Simmons
Jeffrey Tambor as Defense Attorney Ben Cohen
Sue Kim as Detective Emily Ling
Stephen C. Bradbury as Judge Colin McNamara
Jessica Phillips as ADA Pippa Cox
Steve Rosen as Defense Attorney Michael Guthrie
Sonia Manzano as Judge Gloria Pepitone
Max Baker as Colin Bennett
Karen Tsen Lee as Medical Examiner Susan Chung
Scott William Winters as Detective Robert Dumas

text: Guest stars[edit]

text: Dean Winters, who came back in "Rhodium Nights" to portray Detective Brian Cassidy, returned for the season premiere episodes, along with guest stars Peter Jacobson (Bart Ganzel), Pippa Black (Carrissa Gibson), Ron Rifkin (Defense Attorney Marvin Exley), Brooke Smith (Delia Wilson), and Laura Benanti as Marie Amaro.[21] On January 4, 2013, Warren Leight tweeted the Cassidy character (Dean Winters) may appear again in the spring.[22]

text: Paget Brewster guest starred as Paula Foster, the Bureau Chief ADA of the Public Integrity Unit in the District Attorney's office.[23] Her character is assigned to the case against Captain Cragen (Dann Florek), who is suspected of murder after what occurred in the episode "Rhodium Nights", in which Cragen woke up with a dead prostitute (Pippa Black) in his bed. Brewster has guest starred on SVU before, in the eighth season episode, "Scheherazade", as the daughter of an elderly dying man, believed to be a murderer.[21] Brewster's character installs an interim commanding officer, Captain Steven Harris (portrayed by Adam Baldwin), while Cragen is suspended and under investigation.[23][24] Sue Simmons also guest starred in the season premiere episodes as herself. "It’s a big scandal within the world we’ve created, there’s a dead hooker in the captain’s bed, and we go to a newscaster to help us understand the story," said show runner/executive producer Warren Leight, "Sue opens the episode doing a news standup from outside 1 Police Plaza. We’ll bring her back for the second episode of the two-parter."[25]

text: Roger Bart, Anna Chlumsky and Raúl Esparza guest starred in the episode "Twenty-Five Acts." Chlumsky plays the author of a best-selling erotic novel, who accuses a high-profile talk show host (Roger Bart) of a brutal rape. However, the SVU squad gets suspicious when they discover her account of the rape mimics the chapters in her book. The squad, along with the DA's office (Raúl Esparza as ADA Barba), also struggles to keep the case from turning into a media frenzy.[26] Kathryn Erbe guest starred in the episode "Acceptable Loss" as her Law & Order: Criminal Intent character, Detective Alexandra Eames, who is now working for a joint City/Federal Homeland Security Task Force (and promoted to Lieutenant), Eames crosses paths with the SVU squad when their investigation of a sex trafficking ring uncovers a connection to terrorists. Erbe will likely guest star in more episode later in the season.[27] Warren Leight tweeted Erbe would be in the fourth episode of the season.[28]

text: Tom Sizemore, Hamish Linklater, and Alex Karpovsky guest starred in the 300th episode of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit, titled "Manhattan Vigil". Longtime fans will be happy to know contains many nods to the series' pilot — Linklater played a man from a successful real estate family whose son goes missing. Show runner/executive producer Warren Leight told TV Line, about Linklater's character, "His family is involved in the gentrification of Morningside Heights," where some of the episode is set, Leight said. Karpovsky portrayed an auxiliary police officer, and Sizemore played a man employed by Linklater’s character’s family.[29][30] Lindsay Pulsipher portrayed Kim Rollins, Detective Amanda Rollins' (Kelli Giddish) troubled sister in the episode "Friending Emily". Pulsipher will be in more than one episode in this season.[31]

text: Scott Bakula guest starred in the episode "Vanity's Bonfire" as a lawyer who’s being considered for the U.S. Supreme Court and is accused of fathering a child outside of marriage. "People might make the comparisons to John Edwards," Warren Leight said, referring to the onetime Democratic hopeful who admitted to having a child with his mistress.[33] Elliott Gould and Charles Grodin guest starred in the episode "Lessons Learned", which is inspired by the Penn State child sex abuse scandal and Jerry Sandusky.[34] On November 20, 2012, showrunner/EP Warren Leight tweeted that along with Gould and Grodin; Buck Henry, Frank Wood, Robert Sella, Anthony Rapp, and Elizabeth Marvel would also be guest starring in "Lessons Learned".[35][36]

text: Patricia Arquette and Anne Meara guest starred as daughter and mother in the SVU episode "Dreams Deferred". The episode revolved around an armed and dangerous man who goes on a killing spree with Arquette's Jeannie - a prostitute with whom he has a long-standing relationship - representing the last person he calls. When Jeannie goes missing, the SVU is tasked with convincing their NYPD cohorts that her life is worth saving. Meara played Jeannie's mother, Irene, who worries for her daughter's health and safety. The duo joined previously announced guest star Jason Gedrick in the episode.[37] Denis O'Hare guest starred in "Presumed Guilty" as Father Shea, a priest who is pulled from his car and brutally beaten. O'Hare played Father Shea in the Law & Order: Criminal Intent episode "Last Rites" under showrunner/executive producer Warren Leight in 2008. This marks O'Hare's second stint on SVU, following an appearance in 2000. He guest-starred on the original Law & Order four times, most recently in 2003 also playing a priest, Father Hogan. Erik LaRay Harvey portrayed Sam Randall, Detective Tutuola's ex-wife's brother in the episode. Despite Sam's former criminal record and various stints behind bars, Fin doesn't think Sam is their man and asks his SVU partners for help getting to the bottom of the case.[38] Theo Rossi also guest stars in the episode as Enrique Rodriguez, a working-class Catholic who is determined to seek justice for his sister when he finds that she was part of a church cover-up.[39]

text: Jane Kaczmarek guest starred in the episode "Beautiful Frame", as Suffolk County District Attorney Pamela James, who lands the same murder case as ADA Barba (Raúl Esparza). However, while James arrests an SVU rape victim for the crime, Barba and the SVU team like a different suspect for the murder. The trials start simultaneously and both prosecutors must fight for a conviction before the other can destroy their case.[32] In "Beautiful Frame", Yvonne Zima portrayed a rape victim in an SVU case who is arrested for the murder of her ex-boyfriend. Suffolk County DA Pam James (Kaczmarek) lands the case and swiftly brings charges against the young woman. Detective Benson questions the circumstances of the arrest and gathers enough evidence for ADA Barba to levy charges in Manhattan against another suspect. The two ambitious District Attorneys square off in separate trials for the same murder, hoping to get a conviction before the other derails their case.[40] Nia Vardalos appeared in an episode titled, "Criminal Hatred," (airing January 30, 2013), Vardalos portrayed Counselor Minonna Efron, whose client is on trial for assault and murder. Vardalos' character is described as "disorganized," which makes ADA Barba (Raúl Esparza) think he's got an easy win, but the character winds up thrwarting him at every turn. Victoria Rowell also guest stars and Fred Norris makes a cameo appearance.[41]

text: Marcia Gay Harden returned as FBI Agent Dana Lewis in "Secrets Exhumed," (aired February 6, 2013). Agent Lewis partners with the SVU when she suspects a rape-murder case is connected to several cases across the country. This marked Harden's fourth episode on SVU. Harold Perrineau guest starred in the same episode as career criminal Brian Traymor, Jay Karnes also guest stars.[41] The band Jane's Addiction's Dave Navarro guest starred in the episode "Funny Valentine" as a sound engineer (instead of a musician), named Ferrari who is a part of the entourage for one of hip-hop's rising stars. Ferrari witnesses a crime, but refuses to rat out his friend. Navarro hinted at his appearance on Twitter prior before TV Guide announced it, "On my way to NYC to hang out with Detective Benson for a day," he tweeted about star Mariska Hargitay.[42] Jeffrey Tambor guest starred in "Funny Valentine" as well, in a role that's a change of pace for the actor. Tambor has been cast as Ben Cohen, an attorney hired to defend a popular hip-hop artist after his arrest by the SVU. While Tambor's TV characters are often quite bizarre, Cohen is described as being no-nonsense and perhaps a bit overconfident in the popularity of his star client in court.[43]

text: BD Wong guest starred as Dr. George Huang in the 19th episode entitled "Born Psychopath". This was Wong's second appearance on the show after his departure in season 12.[44]

text: Eion Bailey guest starred in the episode, "Traumatic Wound" (May 1, 2013), as former Military veteran, who might hold the key to why as a young girl who was attacked at a concert. Jeffrey Tambor reprised his role as attorney, Ben Cohen, in this episode.[45]

text: In the May 8 episode, Fin's Narcotics past caught up with him, when a friend (2 Chainz) needed a helping hand and landed Fin in trouble, which prompted a return visit for Kathryn Erbe as Lt. Alexandra Eames. This episode also guest starred: Emilio Rivera, Yul Vazquez and Cathy Moriarty.[46]

text: Richard Thomas starred in the May 15 episode, "Brief Interlude", as a husband and father, whose wife, Kerry Butler, was attacked while attending music festivals in New York City.[47]

text: Pablo Schreiber and Lauren Ambrose guest star in the season finale (May 22), that starts out as a routine arrest by Detective Rollins and ends up being some much worse.[48]

text: Mike Tyson casting controversy[edit]

text: On January 10, 2013, NBC announced that former boxer Mike Tyson had been cast to guest star in the episode "Monster's Legacy".[49] Due to Mike Tyson's rape conviction in 1992, this triggered a series of protests by fans and sexual assault survivors, who felt that a TV series whose goal is partly to speak out against sex crimes should not help boost the career of a convicted rapist.[50][51]

text: At least three Change.org petitions were created to convince NBC to reverse the decision, the most popular one started by Marcie Kaveney. On January 19, 2013, Pauley Perrette, a star of NCIS, a fan of SVU and a rape survivor herself, stated her disapproval of the casting choice on Twitter.[52] She included a link to Kaveney's petition which caused the number of signatures to shoot up to over 15,000. In an interview with The Wrap Kaveney revealed that "As soon as I saw it, I was just floored by the news, 'SVU' is a show I've followed for a long time... I think survivors consider this their show" and stated, "I don't know if it's for ratings or to clean up Mike Tyson's image." In response to the plot summary of "Monster's Legacy" she also opined that giving Tyson this particular sympathetic role is a form of rape apology. "It's kind of being a rape apologist, saying 'Maybe he's had this violent childhood and that's why he's become this violent person.'"[53][54]

text: Further criticism came from Lindy West of Jezebel who wrote on January 25, 2013 that an appearance by Mike Tyson would be hypocritical to the message of the show: "In addition to being a colossal display of poor taste, Mike Tyson playing a murderer on SVU is directly counter to the implied mission of the show. Either you're a genuine advocate for victims, or you don't give a shit. You don't get to do both."[55] On the same day, the Joyful Heart Foundation released a statement apologizing to the viewers who feel betrayed. While the executives of the JHF reiterated that they have no say over the production of SVU episodes, they indicated that "We were not aware of this casting choice and we have formally expressed our concerns to the executives and producers at SVU."[56] Despite being the foundation's president, the personal opinion of Mariska Hargitay, whose contract with NBC contains a publicity clause, was not mentioned.

text: Warren Leight began responding to the controversy on January 12, 2013, by writing a seven-part tweet "We understand the casting of Mike Tyson seems inappropriate to some SVU fans. While in no way excusing his past actions, it's worth noting MT was convicted over twenty years ago, and served his time. In recent years he has found sobriety, and started a foundation to meet the comprehensive needs of children from broken homes. The episode itself deals with many issues, including the ongoing effects of childhood abuse, the possibility of rehabilitation, and the potential for disastrous results when individuals and/or the justice system pre-judge or fail to contextualize. Because of SVU's subject matter, all of us have a profound sense of our responsibility. Our intent, as always, is to provoke discussion and awareness. We ask you to keep an open mind. Thanks."[57][58][59][60][61][62][63] On January 21, 2013 after receiving further complaints, he followed up with "...please know that I’ve heard you. When tweets become harassment, I will have to block. Thnx."

text:
"I'm sorry that she has a difference of opinion, but she's entitled to it, I'm sorry that she's not happy. [But] I didn't rape nobody or do anything like that, and this lady wasn't there to know if I did or not. I don't trip on that stuff. I'm not trying to get rich and famous; I'm just trying to feed my family. Why should they care? Since I'm clean and sober five years, I haven't broken any laws or did any crimes. I'm just trying to live my life."

—Mike Tyson to TV Guide.[64]

text: Mike Tyson, who had already made his excitement known in a tweet,[53] shared his thoughts about the role in a subsequent interview. This took place on January 29, 2013, after the petition against his casting had gained momentum.[64] Viewing his character as a separate person and not a fictionalized version of himself, Tyson said, "I have no emotional connection to the role. As a human being I can relate to it, but it has nothing to do with me." He also mentioned being a fan of SVU, calling it "the most exciting show on TV" and saying "My wife [Lakiha Spicer, whom he wed in 2009] and I looked on this show a lot, especially when I was going through my relapse and drug periods." In response to the criticism, Tyson maintained, as he has since 1992, that he was innocent of raping Desiree Washington. With the filming of his episode complete, he also commented that Mariska Hargitay was "very quiet" on the set of SVU.[64]

text:
"It focuses on what can happen when there is an emotionally charged rush to judgment and it is, in my opinion, one of our strongest episodes in the last five years."

—SVU creator Dick Wolf to Deadline.[65]

text: Adding to the controversy surrounding the casting choice was that the air date originally planned, February 13, 2013, coincided with One Billion Rising, a global movement to end violence against women and girls. On January 30, NBC switched "Monster's Legacy" with "Secrets Exhumed" so that Tyson's episode would air on February 6 instead.[66][67] Four days before the episode, Law & Order creator Dick Wolf announced that he supported NBC's decision to produce the episode and hire Mike Tyson to guest star.[65] This angered fans, as he did not acknowledge any of the petitions or ethical concerns. "Monster's Legacy" aired on February 6, 2013, becoming Mike Tyson's first acting appearance not playing himself.[68]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeUS viewers(millions)2961"Lost Reputation"Michael SlovisWarren Leight & Julie MartinSeptember 26, 2012 (2012-09-26)14017.19[69]
The Special Victims Unit is reeling from the fallout after Captain Cragen wakes up with a dead escort - a potential witness in an SVU case - in his bed. Tensions at the precinct are high as the detectives contend with Bureau Chief ADA Paula Foster's (Paget Brewster) investigation of Cragen, as well as the arrival of a tough new captain, Steven Harris (Adam Baldwin). Brian Cassidy (Dean Winters) treads an increasingly narrow line as an undercover cop in Bart Ganzel's (Peter Jacobson) escort organization, as Detective Amaro struggles with the case and his marriage.
2972"Above Suspicion"Michael SlovisJulie Martin & Warren LeightSeptember 26, 2012 (2012-09-26)14027.19[69]
The murder case against Cragen continues as Amaro ventures off on his own to find answers – while trying to deal with his wife separating from him in the process – and get down to the truth. Meanwhile, a tragic accident happens to one of the detectives, causing Detective Benson to vent her frustration to Captain Harris and IAB. BC-ADA Foster resumes her inquiries, and as she closes the case, Benson and the SVU squad discover a secret of their own.
2983"Twenty-Five Acts"Jean de SegonzacTeleplay by: John P. RocheStory by: Warren Leight & Julie MartinOctober 10, 2012 (2012-10-10)14036.24[71]
With Cragen still on suspension, the young author of a wildly successful S&M romance novel, Jocelyn Paley (Anna Chlumsky) goes home with famous television show host Adam Cain (Roger Bart), who forces himself on her. Detectives Benson and Rollins are paired up by Captain Harris to work to convince the victim to file charges, with the help of new Assistant DA Rafael Barba (Raúl Esparza). As the SVU squad digs into her background to uncover potential trial pitfalls and Barba rushes to push forward with the trial, Amaro uncovers a secret that threatens to destroy the young woman's career as well as her case.

First appearance of Raúl Esparza as ADA Rafael Barba
Inspired by the E.L. James erotic novel, Fifty Shades of Grey.[70]
2994"Acceptable Loss"Alex ChappleEd ZuckermanOctober 17, 2012 (2012-10-17)14046.25[72]
With Cragen back in the precinct, the Special Victims Unit is in full force and working to expose a sex trafficking operation that enslaves young women. The detectives go undercover and are on the verge of cracking the case when their efforts are halted by Lieutenant Alexandra Eames (Kathryn Erbe), who claims it's a long-running terrorism case. Benson gets creative with their investigation, while trying not to interfere with Eames' case.
3005"Manhattan Vigil"Jean de SegonzacPeter BlaunerOctober 24, 2012 (2012-10-24)14056.77[73]
In the series' landmark 300th episode, Wyatt Morris (Luke Fava), a young boy from Morningside Heights, is kidnapped while in the care of his father David (Hamish Linklater), and the investigation reminds Cragen, Benson and Sergeant Munch of an unsolved kidnapping that occurred in the same neighborhood thirteen years ago. While the entire squad races against the clock to find the missing boy, Benson vows to learn from past mistakes to set both cases right.
3016"Friending Emily"Jim McKayKevin FoxOctober 31, 2012 (2012-10-31)14066.05[74]
An underage girl (Catherine Missal) disappears after following her older sister (Taylor Spreitler) to a college party in Manhattan. The detectives mobilize to recover the missing girl but find themselves thwarted by a high-tech kidnapper using the internet to cover his tracks. As the case hits a dead end, Barba returns with some unlikely help. Meanwhile, Rollins is distracted by the sudden appearance of her very troubled sister Kim (Lindsay Pulsipher), who is causing problems for Amanda.
3027"Vanity's Bonfire"Michael SlovisTeleplay by: Gwendolyn ParkerStory by: Gwendolyn Parker & Warren LeightNovember 14, 2012 (2012-11-14)14075.78[75]
The abduction of a baby named Tessa Leddy from a city playground quickly turns into a custody dispute when the kidnapper, Dia Nobile (Bijou Phillips), swears she is the child's biological mother. The Leddys claim their daughter was born by a surrogate mother, whom they never met, but later learn that the girl isn't their daughter at all. Nobile also claims the father is a high-powered legal expert, Kent Webster (Scott Bakula), who is married to a cancer stricken wife (Jessica Hecht), sending the unit on an investigation that forever changes the lives of two unsuspecting families.

Inspired by scandals surrounding Senator John Edwards.[33]
3038"Lessons Learned"Alex ChappleTeleplay by: Ed Zuckerman & John P. RocheStory by: Julie Martin & Ed ZuckermanNovember 21, 2012 (2012-11-21)14085.20[77]
A professor's unusual encounter with Amaro sends the SVU on an investigation into reports of sexual abuse at a prestigious private school. Stonewalled by the school board, Benson and Barba enlist former students and Professor Walter Tompkins (Elliott Gould), a retired teacher, to help reveal a massive cover-up as more victims emerge. As the detectives manage to get their hands on key evidence linked to one of the victims, the school throws up a roadblock in court until another former student comes forward.

Inspired by the Penn State child sex abuse scandal and the Horace Mann School abuse scandal.[76]
3049"Dreams Deferred"Michael SmithJulie Martin & Warren LeightDecember 5, 2012 (2012-12-05)14096.16[78]
When a man goes on a killing rampage through New York, FBI Agent Cantwell (Jason Gedrick) calls upon the SVU squad to get information from the man's last known contact, a prostitute named Jeannie Kerns (Patricia Arquette), who was involved in one of Benson's old cases. As the detectives work with her to track down the killer, they find themselves drawn into her world and must fight to save her life.
30510"Presumed Guilty"Courtney HuntKevin FoxJanuary 2, 2013 (2013-01-02)14107.73[79]
The SVU’s holiday celebrations are disrupted when Detective Tutuola’s ex-brother-in-law (Erik Laray Harvey) is arrested for assaulting a priest (Denis O'Hare). Convinced of his innocence despite his criminal record, Fin asks the detectives to find evidence that exonerates him, and in the process, a buried church scandal begins to unravel.
30611"Beautiful Frame"Jean de SegonzacPeter BlaunerJanuary 9, 2013 (2013-01-09)14118.42[80]
When a rape victim (Yvonne Zima) in an SVU case is arrested for the murder of her ex-boyfriend (Joseph Masi), Suffolk County DA Pam James (Jane Kaczmarek) lands the case and swiftly brings charges against the young woman. Benson questions the circumstances of the arrest and gathers enough evidence for Barba to levy charges in Manhattan against another suspect (Enver Gjokaj). The two ambitious DA's square off in separate trials for the same murder, hoping to get a conviction before the other derails their case.
30712"Criminal Hatred"Adam BernsteinEd ZuckermanJanuary 30, 2013 (2013-01-30)14126.42[81]
When the SVU detectives arrest a man (Max Carpenter) who targets and brutally attacks other men, specifically those who are gay, Barba tries a difficult murder case against an unpredictable defense attorney (Nia Vardalos).
30813"Monster's Legacy"Jean de SegonzacTeleplay by: John P. RocheStory by: Warren Leight & Julie MartinFebruary 6, 2013 (2013-02-06)14135.23[82]
After discovering multiple convicted felons could have been victims of sexual assault, Benson asks Bayard Ellis (Andre Braugher) to reopen the case of a murderer on death row, Reggie Rhodes (Mike Tyson) and secrets about his childhood, as well as his murder trial are revealed.
30914"Secrets Exhumed"Laura BelseyWarren Leight & Julie MartinFebruary 13, 2013 (2013-02-13)14146.35[86]
After Munch brings in a 1980s cold case, the detectives fly to Miami to apprehend the suspect (Harold Perrineau). When FBI Agent Dana Lewis (Marcia Gay Harden) tells them that the Manhattan case could be connected to several unsolved cases across the country, she returns to New York to partner with SVU to get a confession. When Benson and Amaro begin to have doubts about the legitimacy of the confession, a shocking secret threatens the life of Agent Lewis.

Episode inspired by the Murder of Sherri Rasmussen by Stephanie Lazarus.[83][84][85]

31015"Deadly Ambition"Jim McKayTeleplay by: Warren Leight & Julie MartinStory by: Peter Blauner & Kevin FoxFebruary 20, 2013 (2013-02-20)14155.61[87]
Rollins comes home to find her sister (Lindsay Pulsipher) back in New York, beaten and pregnant by her boyfriend (Theis Weckesser). When the boyfriend comes to the apartment unexpectedly, Rollins must take drastic action, which opens an investigation led by IAB Lt. Ed Tucker (Robert John Burke), that soon places Rollins' job in jeopardy.

Special appearance by Carolyn McCormick as Dr. Elizabeth Olivet
31116"Funny Valentine"Jean de SegonzacGwendolyn ParkerFebruary 27, 2013 (2013-02-27)14165.44[88]
When promising singer Micha Green (Tiffany Robinson) is attacked by her hip-hop star boyfriend (Roca), the detectives and Barba work to build a case. Despite Benson's efforts, Green refuses to aid in the prosecution and continues to put herself in harm's way. As the case spirals into a media frenzy, Micha and those close to her pay the ultimate price.
31217"Undercover Blue"Michael SmithEd Zuckerman & Aaron TracyMarch 20, 2013 (2013-03-20)14175.51[89]
As the trial against pimp Bart Ganzel is set to begin, Detective Cassidy is accused of raping a woman while he was undercover. ADA Derek Strauss (Greg Germann) takes the case and pushes hard for a quick win. Cassidy's lawyer uses unusual tactics to prove Cassidy's innocence, which have life-changing consequences for Amaro.
31318"Legitimate Rape"Jonathan HerronKevin Fox & Peter BlaunerMarch 27, 2013 (2013-03-27)14186.61[90]
A sports reporter (Lauren Cohan) seeks Benson's help to accuse a cameraman (David Marciano) of rape, but only agrees to press charges after she discovers the man is stalking her. But before the trial begins, she learns she is pregnant and Barba must contend with controversial defense tactics as a result.
31419"Born Psychopath"Alex ChappleJulie Martin & Warren LeightApril 3, 2013 (2013-04-03)14196.34[91]
When the detectives are called in to investigate suspicious injuries on a young girl, a closer look at her family reveals a mother (Hope Davis) struggling to control her violent 10-year-old son (Ethan Cutkosky). With help from the visiting Dr. Huang (B.D. Wong), the SVU squad tries to determine the appropriate treatment for the boy, but the situation turns increasingly dangerous for both the family and the detectives.
31520"Girl Dishonored"Holly DaleTeleplay by: Robert Brooks CohenStory by: Warren Leight & Julie MartinApril 24, 2013 (2013-04-24)14207.35[92]
When the SVU investigates a rape allegation of a sorority pledge (Colby Minifie) on a college campus, their attempts at piecing together the crime are hindered by fraternity brothers and campus security. A deeper look uncovers more assault victims and school administrators who were willing to look the other way. When more tragedy strikes, Rollins and Barba become determined to put an end to the widespread university culture of protecting their own.
31621"Traumatic Wound"Alex ZakrzewskiGwendolyn Parker & John P. RocheMay 1, 2013 (2013-05-01)14215.72[93]
A teenage girl (Lola Kirke) is brutally assaulted when a concert turns into a mob scene. After getting mixed accounts of the incident, Amaro zeros in on a security guard, Frank Patterson (Eion Bailey), who is a war veteran seemingly suffering from PTSD. When the case goes to trial, Frank suddenly remembers a key piece of testimony, which helps Barba convict the perpetrators.
31722"Poisoned Motive"Arthur W. ForneyTeleplay by: Julie Martin & Ed ZuckermanStory by: Warren LeightMay 8, 2013 (2013-05-08)14226.91[94]
When two surprise sniper attacks on the NYPD leave the SVU scrambling for answers, Tutuola recognizes a link between the shootings and his past cases as a narcotics detective. After reconnecting with his former partner to search for a motive, more violence occurs, prompting assistance from Lieutenant Eames (Kathryn Erbe) to track down the killer.
31823"Brief Interlude"Kevin BrayTeleplay by: Peter Blauner & Kevin FoxStory by: Peter Blauner & Kevin Fox & Pedro GarciaMay 15, 2013 (2013-05-15)14236.48[95]
Benson and Amaro are called in when an unconscious woman (Kerry Butler) with physical trauma is found near the Mayor's home. With the woman in a coma, the detectives must piece together her identity and prior whereabouts, and they uncover a wild side to this seemingly normal wife and mother of two young boys.
31924"Her Negotiation"Norberto BarbaJulie Martin & Warren LeightMay 22, 2013 (2013-05-22)14246.66[96]
After making a seemingly routine arrest of a man exposing himself in Central Park, Rollins has a bad feeling about the suspect (Pablo Schreiber) and calls upon the entire squad to help. With no way of immediately identifying the man, he outplays the detectives at every turn and becomes wanted for a heinous crime. A shocking theory comes to light and Barba is unable to get his conviction, which puts Benson in harm's way.

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Law & Order: Special Victims Unit was moved back to NBC Wednesdays at 9:00PM (Eastern)/8:00PM (Central) for the 2012-13 network television season, its lead-ins being new comedies, Guys With Kids and Animal Practice (which was canceled by NBC on October 18, 2012, Whitney replacing it in November).[97] SVU weekly airs up against the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) comedies Modern Family and Suburgatory with FOX's The X Factor and in the Winter, American Idol, Supernatural on CW, and CBS's veteran drama Criminal Minds (this occurring for the third time SVU has been pushed back to 9:00PM (Eastern).[98]

text: Season fourteen premiered (episodes: "Lost Reputation & Above Suspicion") fairly well earning approximately 7.19 million total viewers with a 2.1 in the age 18-49 demographic with a 6% share.[69] The series' 300th episode ("Manhattan Vigil") was watched by approximately 6.77 million total viewers and earned a 1.9 in the age 18-49 demographic with a 5% share.[73] Leading into Thanksgiving, SVU saw a sharp decline in the 18-49 demographic with the episode "Lesson's Learned", which earned a 1.3 with a 4% share,[77] it rebounded to 1.6 in the 18-49 age demo with a 4% share with its fall finale episode, "Dreams Deferred"; in the first half-hour the comedy Modern Family on ABC was a repeat.[78] SVU surged at the start of 2013 with the episode "Presumed Guilty", to 7.73 million total viewers and a 2.2 in the age 18-49 demo with a 6% share, coming in first place in its time slot; NBC and FOX being the only networks that night airing original episodes; ABC, CBS, and CW aired repeats.[79] The following week, "Beautiful Frame" saw a series high in overall viewership in over a year with 8.42 million total viewers.[80]

text: As of December 6, 2012, SVU averaged a 1.7 18-49 rating in Live+same day that Fall, airing with virtually no lead-in (NBC’s struggling Wednesday comedy block), SVU had improved its challenging Wednesday 9 PM slot by 55% in adults 18-49 year-to-year but the network aired the now-defunct Harry's Law in the hour last fall. In Live+7, SVU averaged a 2.6/7 in 18-49 and 8.6 million viewers this season up to that point.[19]

text:
No.

Title

Original air date

Timeslot Rank

Age 18-49(Rating/Share)

U.S. Viewers(millions)

1

"Lost Reputation"

September 26, 2012 (2012-09-26)

3rd

2.1/6%[69]

7.19[69]

2

"Above Suspicion"

September 26, 2012 (2012-09-26)

2nd

2.1/6%[69]

7.19[69]

3

"Twenty-Five Acts"

October 10, 2012 (2012-10-10)

3rd

1.8/5%[71]

6.24[71]

4

"Acceptable Loss"

October 17, 2012 (2012-10-17)

4th

1.6/4%[72]

6.25[72]

5

"Manhattan Vigil"

October 24, 2012 (2012-10-24)

4th

1.9/5%[73]

6.77[73]

6

"Friending Emily"

October 31, 2012 (2012-10-31)

4th

1.7/5%[74]

6.05[74]

7

"Vanity's Bonfire"

November 14, 2012 (2012-11-14)

4th

1.7/4%[75]

5.78[75]

8

"Lessons Learned"

November 21, 2012 (2012-11-21)

4th

1.3/4%[77]

5.20[77]

9

"Dreams Deferred"

December 5, 2012 (2012-12-05)

4th

1.6/4%[78]

6.16[78]

10

"Presumed Guilty"

January 2, 2013 (2013-01-02)

1st

2.2/6%[79]

7.73[79]

11

"Beautiful Frame"

January 9, 2013 (2013-01-09)

3rd

2.1/5%[80]

8.42[80]

12

"Criminal Hatred"

January 30, 2013 (2013-01-30)

2nd

1.7/4%[81]

6.42[81]

13

"Monster's Legacy"

February 6, 2013 (2013-02-06)

4th

1.5/4%[99]

5.23[99]

14

"Secrets Exhumed"

February 13, 2013 (2013-02-13)

4th

1.5/4%[100]

6.35[100]

15

"Deadly Ambition"

February 20, 2013 (2013-02-20)

4th

1.6/4%[87]

5.61[87]

16

"Funny Valentine"

February 27, 2013 (2013-02-27)

4th

1.6/4%[88]

5.44[88]

17

"Undercover Blue"

March 20, 2013 (2013-03-20)

4th

1.6/4%[89]

5.51[89]

18

"Legitimate Rape"

March 27, 2013 (2013-03-27)

3rd

1.7/5%[90]

6.61[90]

19

"Born Psychopath"

April 3, 2013 (2013-04-03)

4th

1.6/4%[91]

6.34[91]

20

"Girl Dishonored"

April 24, 2013 (2013-04-24)

2nd

1.9/5%[92]

7.35[92]

21

"Traumatic Wound"

May 1, 2013 (2013-05-01)

4th

1.5/4%[93]

5.72[93]

22

"Poisoned Motive"

May 8, 2013 (2013-05-08)

4th

1.9/5%[94]

6.91[94]

23

"Brief Interlude"

May 15, 2013 (2013-05-15)

4th

1.5/4%[95]

6.48[95]

24

"Her Negotiation"

May 22, 2013 (2013-05-22)

4th

1.7/5%[96]

6.66[96]


document_title: Sarah J. Maas

question_text: where did sarah j maas go to college

question_tokens: where did sarah j maas go to college

root

text: Sarah J. Maas

text: Life and career[edit]

text: Sarah Janet Maas was born on March 5, 1986 in New York City, New York.[3] She attended Hamilton College in Clinton, New York, where she majored in creative writing and minored in religious studies, graduating Magna Cum Laude in 2008. She is married and lives in Pennsylvania.[4] Maas is a writer of young adult science fiction and fantasy literature.[5]

tag: p

text: Maas began writing what would become her debut novel, Throne of Glass, when she was sixteen years old.[4][6] After writing several chapters of the novel (then titled Queen of Glass), she posted them on FictionPress.com, where it was one of the most popular stories on the site. It was later removed from the site when she decided to try to publish the novel.[6] The story line of the series is based on Cinderella, with the premise of "What if Cinderella was not a servant, but an assassin? And what if she didn't attend the ball to meet the prince, but to kill him, instead?"[6][7]

text: In 2008, Maas started sending the story to agents before finding one in 2009.[6] Throne of Glass was purchased in March 2010 by Bloomsbury, who later purchased two additional books in the series.[8] The series is available in 15 countries and 23 languages.[9][4] Several prequel novellas set two years before the first novel have also been published.[10] Maas is set to write seven books in the series.[9] The second book of the series, Crown of Midnight, was named a New York Times young adult best-seller.[3][11] In September 2015 it was announced that the Mark Gordon Company had acquired television rights for Throne of Glass.[12]

text: A Court of Thorns and Roses, Maas' second series, is a loose retelling of Beauty and the Beast.[13][14] The first book of the trilogy was written in 2009 but wasn't published until 2015.[15]

text: Writing[edit]

text: Throne of Glass series[edit]

text: The Assassin's Blade (prequel novellas)[4]

tag: ul

text:
The Assassin and the Pirate Lord (2012)[16]
The Assassin and the Healer (2013)[3]
The Assassin and the Red Desert (2012)[10]
The Assassin and the Underworld (2012)[3]
The Assassin and the Empire (2012)[3]

tag: ol

text:
Throne of Glass (2012)[4][10]
Crown of Midnight (2013)[4]
Heir of Fire (2014)[4][3]
Queen of Shadows (2015)[9]
Empire of Storms (2016)
Tower of Dawn (2017)
Book 7 (2018)

text:
Throne of Glass Compendium
Throne of Glass Colouring Book

text: A Court of Thorns and Roses series[edit]

text:
A Court of Thorns and Roses (2015)[13]
A Court of Mist and Fury (2016)
A Court of Wings and Ruin (2017)

text:
A Court of Thorns and Roses Coloring Book
A Court of Frost and Starlight (2018)

text: Other[edit]

text:
Catwoman (2018)[17]
The Starkillers Cycle
Twilight of the Gods (in progress)
Crescent City (in progress)


document_title: Ark of the Covenant

question_text: where was the last known place of the ark of the covenant

text: Ark of the Covenant

text: Biblical account[edit]

text: Construction and description[edit]

text: According to the Book of Exodus, God instructed Moses on Mount Sinai during his 40-day stay upon the mountain within the thick cloud and darkness where God was[4][5] and he was shown the pattern for the tabernacle and furnishings of the Ark to be made of shittim wood to house the Tablets of Stone. Moses instructed Bezalel and Oholiab to construct the Ark.[6][7] In Deuteronomy, however, the Ark is said to have been built specifically by Moses himself without reference of Bezalel or Oholiab.[8]

text: The Book of Exodus gives detailed instructions on how the Ark is to be constructed. It is to be 2½ cubits in length, 1½ in breadth, and 1½ in height (approximately 131×79×79 cm or 52×31×31 in). Then it is to be gilded entirely with gold, and a crown or molding of gold is to be put around it. Four rings of gold are to be attached to its four corners, two on each side—and through these rings staves of shittim-wood overlaid with gold for carrying the Ark are to be inserted; and these are not to be removed.[9] A golden lid, the kapporet (traditionally "mercy seat" in Christian translations) which is covered with 2 golden cherubim, is to be placed above the Ark. Missing from the account are instructions concerning the thickness of the mercy seat and details about the cherubim other than that the cover be beaten out the ends of the Ark and that they form the space where God will appear. The Ark is finally to be placed under the veil of the covering.

text: Mobile vanguard[edit]

text: The biblical account continues that, after its creation by Moses, the Ark was carried by the Israelites during their 40 years of wandering in the desert. Whenever the Israelites camped, the Ark was placed in a separate room in a sacred tent, called the Tabernacle.

text: When the Israelites, led by Joshua toward the Promised Land, arrived at the banks of the Jordan river, the Ark was carried in the lead preceding the people and was the signal for their advance.[10][11] During the crossing, the river grew dry as soon as the feet of the priests carrying the Ark touched its waters, and remained so until the priests—with the Ark—left the river after the people had passed over.[12][13][14][15] As memorials, twelve stones were taken from the Jordan at the place where the priests had stood.[16]

text: In the Battle of Jericho, the Ark was carried round the city once a day for seven days, preceded by the armed men and seven priests sounding seven trumpets of rams' horns.[17] On the seventh day, the seven priests sounding the seven trumpets of rams' horns before the Ark compassed the city seven times and, with a great shout, Jericho's wall fell down flat and the people took the city.[18] After the defeat at Ai, Joshua lamented before the Ark.[19] When Joshua read the Law to the people between Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal, they stood on each side of the Ark. We next hear of the Ark in Bethel where it was being cared for by the priest Phineas the grandson of Aaron (where 'Bethel' is translated 'the House of God' in the King James Version).[20] According to this verse it was consulted by the people of Israel when they were planning to attack the Benjaminites at the battle of Gibeah. Later, however, the Ark was kept at Shiloh, another religious centre some 16 km north of Bethel, at the time of the prophet Samuel's apprenticeship,[21] where it was cared for by Hophni and Phinehas, two sons of Eli.[22]

text: Capture by the Philistines[edit]

text: A few years later the elders of Israel decided to take the Ark out onto the battlefield to assist them against the Philistines, after being defeated at the battle of Eben-Ezer.[23] They were, however, heavily defeated with the loss of 30,000 men. The Ark was captured by the Philistines and Hophni and Phinehas were killed. The news of its capture was at once taken to Shiloh by a messenger "with his clothes rent, and with earth upon his head." The old priest, Eli, fell dead when he heard it; and his daughter-in-law, bearing a son at the time the news of the capture of the Ark was received, named him Ichabod — explained as "The glory has departed Israel" in reference to the loss of the Ark.[24] The mother of the child Ichabod died at his birth.[25]

text: The Philistines took the Ark to several places in their country, and at each place misfortune befell them.[26] At Ashdod it was placed in the temple of Dagon. The next morning Dagon was found prostrate, bowed down, before it; and on being restored to his place, he was on the following morning again found prostrate and broken. The people of Ashdod were smitten with tumors; a plague of mice was sent over the land.[27] The affliction of boils was also visited upon the people of Gath and of Ekron, whither the Ark was successively removed.[28]

text: After the Ark had been among them for seven months, the Philistines, on the advice of their diviners, returned it to the Israelites, accompanying its return with an offering consisting of golden images of the tumors and mice wherewith they had been afflicted. The Ark was set up in the field of Joshua the Beth-shemite, and the Beth-shemites offered sacrifices and burnt offerings.[29] Out of curiosity the men of Beth-shemesh gazed at the Ark; and as a punishment, seventy of them (fifty thousand and seventy in some translations) were smitten by the Lord.[30] The Bethshemites sent to Kirjath-jearim, or Baal-Judah, to have the Ark removed;[31] and it was taken to the house of Abinadab, whose son Eleazar was sanctified to keep it. Kirjath-jearim remained the abode of the Ark for twenty years. Under Saul, the Ark was with the army before he first met the Philistines, but the king was too impatient to consult it before engaging in battle. In 1 Chronicles 13:3 it is stated that the people were not accustomed to consulting the Ark in the days of Saul.[32]

text: In the days of King David[edit]

text: At the beginning of his reign over the United Monarchy, King David removed the Ark from Kirjath-jearim amid great rejoicing. On the way to Zion, Uzzah, one of the drivers of the cart that carried the Ark, put out his hand to steady the Ark, and was struck dead by God for touching it. The place was subsequently named "Perez-Uzzah", literally "Outburst Against Uzzah",[33] as a result. David, in fear, carried the Ark aside into the house of Obed-edom the Gittite, instead of carrying it on to Zion, and there it stayed three months.[34][35]

text: On hearing that God had blessed Obed-edom because of the presence of the Ark in his house, David had the Ark brought to Zion by the Levites, while he himself, "girded with a linen ephod ... danced before the Lord with all his might" and in the sight of all the public gathered in Jerusalem - a performance that caused him to be scornfully rebuked by his first wife, Saul's daughter Michal.[36][37][38] In Zion, David put the Ark in the tabernacle he had prepared for it, offered sacrifices, distributed food, and blessed the people and his own household.[39][40][41]

text: The Levites were appointed to minister before the Ark.[42] David's plan of building a temple for the Ark was stopped at the advice of God.[43][44][45][46] The Ark was with the army during the siege of Rabbah;[47] and when David fled from Jerusalem at the time of Absalom's conspiracy, the Ark was carried along with him until he ordered Zadok the priest to return it to Jerusalem.[48]

text: In Solomon's Temple[edit]

text: When Abiathar was dismissed from the priesthood by King Solomon for having taken part in Adonijah's conspiracy against David, his life was spared because he had formerly borne the Ark.[49] Solomon worshipped before the Ark after his dream in which God promised him wisdom.[50]

text: During the construction of Solomon's Temple, a special inner room, named Kodesh Hakodashim (Eng. Holy of Holies), was prepared to receive and house the Ark;[51] and when the Temple was dedicated, the Ark—containing the original tablets of the Ten Commandments—was placed therein.[52] When the priests emerged from the holy place after placing the Ark there, the Temple was filled with a cloud, "for the glory of the Lord had filled the house of the Lord".[53][54][55]

text: When Solomon married Pharaoh's daughter, he caused her to dwell in a house outside Zion, as Zion was consecrated because of its containing the Ark.[56] King Josiah also had the Ark returned to the Temple,[57] from which it appears to have been removed by one of his predecessors (cf. 2 Chron. 33-34 and 2 Kings 21-23).

text: The Babylonian Conquest and aftermath[edit]

text: In 587 BC, the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem and Solomon's Temple. There is no record of what became of the Ark in the Books of Kings and Chronicles. An ancient Greek version of the biblical third Book of Ezra, 1 Esdras, suggests that Babylonians took away the vessels of the ark of God, but does not mention taking away the Ark:[58]

text: And they took all the holy vessels of the Lord, both great and small, with the vessels of the ark of God, and the king's treasures, and carried them away into Babylon

text: In Rabbinic literature, the final disposition of the Ark is disputed. Some rabbis hold that it must have been carried off to Babylon, while others hold that it must have been hidden lest it be carried off into Babylon and never brought back.[59] A late 2nd-century rabbinic work known as the Tosefta states the opinions of these rabbis that Josiah, the king of Judah, stored away the Ark, along with the jar of manna, and a jar containing the holy anointing oil, the rod of Aaron which budded and a chest given to Israel by the Philistines.[60] This was said to have been done in order to prevent their being carried off into Babylon as had already happened to the other vessels. Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Shimon, in the same rabbinic work, state that the Ark was, in fact, taken into Babylon. Rabbi Yehudah, dissenting, says that the Ark was stored away in its own place, meaning, somewhere on the Temple Mount.

text: References in Scripture[edit]

text: Tanakh[edit]

text: The Ark is first mentioned in the Book of Exodus, and then numerous times in Deuteronomy, Joshua, Judges, I Samuel, II Samuel, I Kings, I Chronicles, II Chronicles, Psalms and Jeremiah.

text: In the Book of Jeremiah, it is referenced by Jeremiah, who, speaking in the days of Josiah,[61] prophesied a future time, possibly the end of days, when the Ark will no longer be talked about or be made again:

text: And it shall be that when you multiply and become fruitful in the land, in those days - the word of the LORD - they will no longer say, 'The Ark of the Covenant of the LORD' and it will not come to mind; they will not mention it, and will not recall it, and it will not be used any more.

text: Rashi comments on this verse that "The entire people will be so imbued with the spirit of sanctity that God's Presence will rest upon them collectively, as if the congregation itself was the Ark of the Covenant."[62]

text: Second Book of Maccabees[edit]

text: According to Second Maccabees, at the beginning of chapter 2:[63]

text: The records show that it was the prophet Jeremiah who ... prompted by a divine message ... gave orders that the Tent of Meeting and the ark should go with him. Then he went away to the mountain from the top of which Moses saw God's promised land. When he reached the mountain, Jeremiah found a cave-dwelling; he carried the tent, the ark, and the incense-altar into it, then blocked up the entrance. Some of his companions came to mark out the way, but were unable to find it. When Jeremiah learnt of this he reprimanded them. "The place shall remain unknown", he said, "until God finally gathers his people together and shows mercy to them. The Lord will bring these things to light again, and the glory of the Lord will appear with the cloud, as it was seen both in the time of Moses and when Solomon prayed that the shrine might be worthily consecrated."

text: The "mountain from the top of which Moses saw God's promised land" would be Mount Nebo, located in what is now Jordan.

text: The Ark in Islamic sources[edit]

text: Chapter 2 (Sura 2) of the Quran (Verse 248), is believed to refer to the Ark:

text: And their prophet said to them, "Indeed, a sign of his kingship is that the chest (tābūt) will come to you in which is assurance (sakīnatun) from your Lord and a remnant of what the family of Moses (Mūsā) and the family of Aaron (Hārūn) had left, carried by the angels. Indeed in that is a sign for you, if you are believers."[64][65]

text: The Arabic word sakīna (variously translated "peace of reassurance" or "spirit of tranquility") is related to the post-Biblical Hebrew shekhinah, meaning "dwelling or presence of God".

text: The Islamic scholar Al Baidawi mentioned that the sakina could be Tawrat, the Books of Moses.[66] According to Al-Jalalan, the relics in the Ark were the fragments of the two tablets, rods, robes, shoes, mitres of Moses and the vase of manna.[66] Al-Tha'alibi, in Qisas Al-Anbiya (The Stories of the Prophets), has given an earlier and later history of the Ark.

text: According to Uri Rubin the Ark of the Covenant has a religious basis in Islam, and Islam gives it special significance.[67]

text: Possible locations[edit]

text: Since its disappearance from the Biblical narrative, there has been a number of claims of having discovered or of having possession of the Ark, and several possible places have been suggested for its location.

text: Mount Nebo[edit]

text: 2 Maccabees 2:4-10, written around 100 BC, says that the prophet Jeremiah, "being warned by God" before the Babylonian invasion, took the Ark, the Tabernacle, and the Altar of Incense, and buried them in a cave on Mount Nebo, informing those of his followers who wished to find the place that it should remain unknown "until the time that God should gather His people again together, and receive them unto mercy."[68] Mount Nebo is also described in the Bible (Deuteronomy 34) as the site from which Moses views the Promised Land, and apparently also is his final burial place. Mount Nebo is approximately 47 km (29 miles) slightly south of due east from Jerusalem, near the east bank of the Jordan River.

text: Ethiopia[edit]

text: The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church claims to possess the Ark of the Covenant, or Tabot, in Axum. The object is currently kept under guard in a treasury near the Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion. Replicas of the Axum tabot are kept in every Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo church, each with its own dedication to a particular saint; the most popular of these include Mary, George and Michael.[69]

text: The Kebra Nagast was composed to legitimise the Solomonic dynasty, which ruled the Ethiopian Empire following its establishment in 1270. It narrates how the real Ark of the Covenant was brought to Ethiopia by Menelik I with divine assistance, while a forgery was left in the Temple in Jerusalem. Although the Kebra Nagast is the best-known account of this belief, it predates the document. Abu al-Makarim, writing in the last quarter of the twelfth century, makes one early reference to this belief that they possessed the Ark. "The Abyssinians possess also the Ark of the Covenant", he wrote, and, after a description of the object, describes how the liturgy is celebrated upon the Ark four times a year, "on the feast of the great nativity, on the feast of the glorious Baptism, on the feast of the holy Resurrection, and on the feast of the illuminating Cross."[70]

text: In his 1992 book The Sign and the Seal, British writer Graham Hancock suggests, contrary to the Kebra Nagast, that the ark spent several years in Egypt before it came to Ethiopia via the Nile River, where it was kept in the islands of Lake Tana for about four hundred years and finally taken to Axum.[71] Archaeologist John Holladay of the University of Toronto called Hancock's theory "garbage and hogwash," while Edward Ullendorff, a former Professor of Ethiopian Studies at the University of London, said he "wasted a lot of time reading it."[72]

text: On 25 June 2009, the patriarch of the Orthodox Church of Ethiopia, Abune Paulos, said he would announce to the world the next day the unveiling of the Ark of the Covenant, which he said had been kept safe and secure in a church in Axum, Ethiopia.[73] The following day, on 26 June 2009, the patriarch announced that he would not unveil the Ark after all, but that instead he could attest to its current status.[74]

text: Southern Africa[edit]

text: The Lemba people of South Africa and Zimbabwe have claimed that their ancestors carried the Ark south, calling it the ngoma lungundu or "voice of God", eventually hiding it in a deep cave in the Dumghe mountains, their spiritual home.[75][76]

text: On 14 April 2008, in a UK Channel 4 documentary, Tudor Parfitt, taking a literalist approach to the Biblical story, described his research into this claim. He says that the object described by the Lemba has attributes similar to the Ark. It was of similar size, was carried on poles by priests, was not allowed to touch the ground, was revered as a voice of their God, and was used as a weapon of great power, sweeping enemies aside.[77]

text: In his book The Lost Ark of the Covenant (2008), Parfitt also suggests that the Ark was taken to Arabia following the events depicted in the Second Book of Maccabees, and cites Arabic sources which maintain it was brought in distant times to Yemen. One Lemba clan, the Buba, which was supposed to have brought the Ark to Africa, have a genetic signature called the Cohen Modal Haplotype. This suggests a male Semitic link to the Levant. Lemba tradition maintains that the Ark spent some time in Sena in Yemen. Later, it was taken across the sea to East Africa and may have been taken inland at the time of the Great Zimbabwe civilization. According to their oral traditions, some time after the arrival of the Lemba with the Ark, it self-destructed. Using a core from the original, the Lemba priests constructed a new one. This replica was discovered in a cave by a Swedish German missionary named Harald von Sicard in the 1940s and eventually found its way to the Museum of Human Science in Harare.[76] Parfitt had this artifact radio-carbon dated to about 1350, which coincided with the sudden end of the Great Zimbabwe civilization.[78]

text: Europe[edit]

text: Chartres Cathedral, France[edit]

text: French author Louis Charpentier claimed that the Ark was taken to the Chartres Cathedral by the Knights Templar.[79][80]

text: Rennes-le-Château, then to the United States[edit]

text: One author has theorised that the Ark was taken from Jerusalem to the village of Rennes-le-Château in Southern France. Karen Ralls has cited Freemason Patrick Byrne, who believes the Ark was moved from Rennes-le-Château at the outbreak of World War I to the United States.[81]

text: Rome[edit]

text: The Ark of the Covenant was said to have been kept in the Basilica of St. John Lateran, surviving the pillages of Rome by Genseric and Alaric I but lost when the basilica burned.[82][83]

text: "Rabbi Eliezer ben José stated that he saw in Rome the mercy-seat of the temple. There was a bloodstain on it. On inquiry he was told that it was a stain from the blood which the high priest sprinkled thereon on the Day of Atonement."[84]

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: In 2003, author Graham Phillips hypothetically concluded that the Ark was taken to Mount Sinai in the Valley of Edom by the Maccabees. Phillips claims it remained there until the 1180s, when Ralph de Sudeley, the leader of the Templars found the Maccabean treasure at Jebel al-Madhbah, and returned home to his estate at Herdewyke in Warwickshire, England taking the treasure with him.[85]

text: Ireland[edit]

text: During the turn of the 20th century British Israelites carried out some excavations of the Hill of Tara in Ireland looking for the Ark of the Covenant—the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland campaigned successfully to have them stopped before they destroyed the hill.[86]

text: Egypt[edit]

text: Tutankhamun's tomb[edit]

text: In 1922 in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, the royal tomb of the Pharaoh Tutankhamun (KV62) was opened by Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon. Among the artifacts was a processional ark, listed as Shrine 261, the Anubis Shrine. Almost immediately after publication of the photographs[87] of this sensational archaeological find, some claimed that the Anubis Shrine could be the Ark of the Covenant. John M. Lundquist, author of The Temple of Jerusalem: Past, Present, and Future (2008), discounts this idea. The Anubis Shrine measures 95 centimetres (37 in) long, 37 centimetres (15 in) wide, and 54.3 centimetres (21.4 in) high in the shape of a pylon. The Biblical Ark of the Covenant is approximately 133 centimetres (52 in) long, 80 centimetres (31 in) wide, and 80 centimetres (31 in) high in the shape of a rectangular chest.

text: Lundquist observes that the Anubis Shrine is not strictly analogous to the Ark of the Covenant; it can only be said that the it is "ark-like", constructed of wood, gessoed and gilded, stored within a sacred tomb, "guarding" the treasury of the tomb (and not the primary focus of that environment), that it contains compartments within it that store and hold sacred objects, that it has a figure of Anubis on its lid, and that it was carried by two staves permanently inserted into rings at its base and borne by eight priests in the funerary procession to Tutankhamun's tomb. Its value is the insight it provides to the ancient culture of Egypt.[88]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: The Ark of the Covenant is the main plot device in Steven Spielberg's 1981 adventure film Raiders of the Lost Ark, which depicts it as located by Indiana Jones in the Egyptian city of Tanis in 1936. It is mentioned briefly in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) and appears in a cameo in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008).[89]

text: In the Danish family film The Lost Treasure of the Knights Templar from 2006, the main part of the treasure found in the end is the Ark of the Covenant. The power of the Ark comes from static electricity stored in separated metal plates like a giant Leyden jar.[90]

text: It appears in the video game Assassin's Creed (2007),[91] where Robert de Sablé found a "Piece of the Eden" and Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad planned to stop him, but he couldn't.[92] It's also mentioned in Assassin's Creed Chronicles: China (2015)[93] and in the film Assassin's Creed (2016).[94]

text: Yom HaAliyah[edit]

text: Yom HaAliyah (Aliyah Day) (Hebrew: יום העלייה) is an Israeli national holiday celebrated annually on the tenth of the Hebrew month of Nisan to commemorate the Israelites crossing the Jordan River into the Land of Israel while carrying the Ark of the Covenant.


document_title: Capability Maturity Model Integration

question_text: in cmmi the name of maturity level 5 is

question_tokens: in cmmi the name of maturity level 5 is

text: Capability Maturity Model Integration

text: Overview[edit]

text: CMMI addresses three areas of interest:

text:
Product and service development — CMMI for Development (CMMI-DEV),
Service establishment, management, — CMMI for Services (CMMI-SVC), and
Product and service acquisition — CMMI for Acquisition (CMMI-ACQ).

text: CMMI was developed by a group from industry, government, and the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) at CMU. CMMI models provide guidance for developing or improving processes that meet the business goals of an organization. A CMMI model may also be used as a framework for appraising the process maturity of the organization.[2] By January 2013, the entire CMMI product suite was transferred from the SEI to the CMMI Institute, a newly created organization at Carnegie Mellon.[3]

text: CMMI originated in software engineering but has been highly generalized over the years to embrace other areas of interest, such as the development of hardware products, the delivery of all kinds of services, and the acquisition of products and services. The word "software" does not appear in definitions of CMMI. This generalization of improvement concepts makes CMMI extremely abstract. It is not as specific to software engineering as its predecessor, the Software CMM (CMM, see below).

text: History[edit]

text: CMMI was developed by the CMMI project, which aimed to improve the usability of maturity models by integrating many different models into one framework. The project consisted of members of industry, government and the Carnegie Mellon Software Engineering Institute (SEI). The main sponsors included the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and the National Defense Industrial Association.

text: CMMI is the successor of the capability maturity model (CMM) or Software CMM. The CMM was developed from 1987 until 1997. In 2002, version 1.1 was released, version 1.2 followed in August 2006, and version 1.3 in November 2010. Some major changes in CMMI V1.3 [4] are the support of agile software development,[5] improvements to high maturity practices[6] and alignment of the representation (staged and continuous).[7]

text: According to the Software Engineering Institute (SEI, 2008), CMMI helps "integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes."[8]

text: In March 2016, the CMMI Institute was acquired by ISACA.

text: CMMI topics[edit]

text: Representation[edit]

text: CMMI exists in two representations: continuous and staged.[2] The continuous representation is designed to allow the user to focus on the specific processes that are considered important for the organization's immediate business objectives, or those to which the organization assigns a high degree of risks. The staged representation is designed to provide a standard sequence of improvements, and can serve as a basis for comparing the maturity of different projects and organizations. The staged representation also provides for an easy migration from the SW-CMM to CMMI.[2]

text: Model framework[edit]

text: Depending on the areas of interest (acquisition, services, development) used, the process areas it contains will vary.[9] Process areas are the areas that will be covered by the organization's processes. The table below lists the seventeen CMMI core process areas that are present for all CMMI areas of interest in version 1.3.

text:
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) Core Process Areas

Abbreviation
Name
Area
Maturity Level

CAR
Causal Analysis and Resolution
Support
5

CM
Configuration Management
Support
2

DAR
Decision Analysis and Resolution
Support
3

IPM
Integrated Project Management
Project Management
3

MA
Measurement and Analysis
Support
2

OPD
Organizational Process Definition
Process Management
3

OPF
Organizational Process Focus
Process Management
3

OPM
Organizational Performance Management
Process Management
5

OPP
Organizational Process Performance
Process Management
4

OT
Organizational Training
Process Management
3

PMC
Project Monitoring and Control
Project Management
2

PP
Project Planning
Project Management
2

PPQA
Process and Product Quality Assurance
Support
2

QPM
Quantitative Project Management
Project Management
4

REQM
Requirements Management
Project Management
2

RSKM
Risk Management
Project Management
3

SAM
Supplier Agreement Management
Support
2

tag: table

text: Maturity levels for services[edit]

text: The process areas below and their maturity levels are listed for the CMMI for services model:

text: Maturity Level 2 - Managed

text:
CM - Configuration Management
MA - Measurement and Analysis
PPQA - Process and Product Quality Assurance
REQM - Requirements Management
SAM - Supplier Agreement Management
SD - Service Delivery
WMC - Work Monitoring and Control
WP - Work Planning

text: Maturity Level 3 - Defined

text:
CAM - Capacity and Availability Management
DAR - Decision Analysis and Resolution
IRP - Incident Resolution and Prevention
IWM - Integrated Work Managements
OPD - Organizational Process Definition
OPF - Organizational Process Focus...
OT - Organizational Training
RSKM - Risk Management
SCON - Service Continuity
SSD - Service System Development
SST - Service System Transition
STSM - Strategic Service Management

text: Maturity Level 4 - Quantitatively Managed

text:
OPP - Organizational Process Performance
QWM - Quantitative Work Management

text: Maturity Level 5 - Optimizing

text:
CAR - Causal Analysis and Resolution
OPM - Organizational Performance Management.

text: Models[edit]

text: CMMI best practices are published in documents called models, each of which addresses a different area of interest. Version 1.3 provides models for three areas of interest: development, acquisition, and services.

text:
CMMI for Development (CMMI-DEV), v1.3 was released in November 2010. It addresses product and service development processes.
CMMI for Acquisition (CMMI-ACQ), v1.3 was released in November 2010. It addresses supply chain management, acquisition, and outsourcing processes in government and industry.
CMMI for Services (CMMI-SVC), v1.3 was released in November 2010. It addresses guidance for delivering services within an organization and to external customers.

text: Appraisal[edit]

text: An organization cannot be certified in CMMI; instead, an organization is appraised. Depending on the type of appraisal, the organization can be awarded a maturity level rating (1-5) or a capability level achievement profile.

text: Many organizations find value in measuring their progress by conducting an appraisal. Appraisals are typically conducted for one or more of the following reasons:

text:
To determine how well the organization’s processes compare to CMMI best practices, and to identify areas where improvement can be made
To inform external customers and suppliers of how well the organization’s processes compare to CMMI best practices
To meet the contractual requirements of one or more customers

text: Appraisals of organizations using a CMMI model[10] must conform to the requirements defined in the Appraisal Requirements for CMMI (ARC) document. There are three classes of appraisals, A, B and C, which focus on identifying improvement opportunities and comparing the organization’s processes to CMMI best practices. Of these, class A appraisal is the most formal and is the only one that can result in a level rating. Appraisal teams use a CMMI model and ARC-conformant appraisal method to guide their evaluation of the organization and their reporting of conclusions. The appraisal results can then be used (e.g., by a process group) to plan improvements for the organization.

text: The Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI) is an appraisal method that meets all of the ARC requirements.[11] Results of a SCAMPI appraisal may be published (if the appraised organization approves) on the CMMI Web site of the SEI: Published SCAMPI Appraisal Results. SCAMPI also supports the conduct of ISO/IEC 15504, also known as SPICE (Software Process Improvement and Capability Determination), assessments etc.

text: This approach promotes that members of the EPG and PATs be trained in the CMMI, that an informal (SCAMPI C) appraisal be performed, and that process areas be prioritized for improvement. More modern approaches, that involve the deployment of commercially available, CMMI-compliant processes, can significantly reduce the time to achieve compliance. SEI has maintained statistics on the "time to move up" for organizations adopting the earlier Software CMM as well as CMMI.[12] These statistics indicate that, since 1987, the median times to move from Level 1 to Level 2 is 23 months, and from Level 2 to Level 3 is an additional 20 months. Since the release of the CMMI, the median times to move from Level 1 to Level 2 is 5 months, with median movement to Level 3 another 21 months. These statistics are updated and published every six months in a maturity profile.[citation needed]

text: The Software Engineering Institute’s (SEI) team software process methodology and the use of CMMI models can be used to raise the maturity level. A new product called Accelerated Improvement Method[13] (AIM) combines the use of CMMI and the TSP.[14]

text: Security[edit]

text: To address user security concerns, two unofficial security guides are available. Considering the Case for Security Content in CMMI for Services has one process area, Security Management.[15] Security by Design with CMMI for Development, Version 1.3 has the following process areas:

text:
OPSD - Organizational Preparedness for Secure Development
SMP - Secure Management in Projects
SRTS - Security Requirements and Technical Solution
SVV - Security Verification and Validation

text: While they do not affect maturity or capability levels, these process areas can be reported in appraisal results.[16]

text: Applications[edit]

text: The SEI published that 60 organizations measured increases of performance in the categories of cost, schedule, productivity, quality and customer satisfaction.[17] The median increase in performance varied between 14% (customer satisfaction) and 62% (productivity). However, the CMMI model mostly deals with what processes should be implemented, and not so much with how they can be implemented. These results do not guarantee that applying CMMI will increase performance in every organization. A small company with few resources may be less likely to benefit from CMMI; this view is supported by the process maturity profile (page 10). Of the small organizations (<25 employees), 70.5% are assessed at level 2: Managed, while 52.8% of the organizations with 1001–2000 employees are rated at the highest level (5: Optimizing).

text: Turner & Jain (2002) argue that although it is obvious there are large differences between CMMI and agile software development, both approaches have much in common. They believe neither way is the 'right' way to develop software, but that there are phases in a project where one of the two is better suited. They suggest one should combine the different fragments of the methods into a new hybrid method. Sutherland et al. (2007) assert that a combination of Scrum and CMMI brings more adaptability and predictability than either one alone. David J. Anderson (2005) gives hints on how to interpret CMMI in an agile manner.

text: CMMI Roadmaps,[18] which are a goal-driven approach to selecting and deploying relevant process areas from the CMMI-DEV model, can provide guidance and focus for effective CMMI adoption. There are several CMMI roadmaps for the continuous representation, each with a specific set of improvement goals. Examples are the CMMI Project Roadmap,[19] CMMI Product and Product Integration Roadmaps [20] and the CMMI Process and Measurements Roadmaps.[21] These roadmaps combine the strengths of both the staged and the continuous representations.

text: The combination of the project management technique earned value management (EVM) with CMMI has been described (Solomon, 2002). To conclude with a similar use of CMMI, Extreme Programming (XP), a software engineering method, has been evaluated with CMM/CMMI (Nawrocki et al., 2002). For example, the XP requirements management approach, which relies on oral communication, was evaluated as not compliant with CMMI.

text: CMMI can be appraised using two different approaches: staged and continuous. The staged approach yields appraisal results as one of five maturity levels. The continuous approach yields one of four capability levels. The differences in these approaches are felt only in the appraisal; the best practices are equivalent and result in equivalent process improvement results.