document_title: List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 1980s

question_text: who had the most uk hits in the 80s

question_tokens: who had the most uk hits in the 80s

text: Number-one singles[edit]

text:
Key

†
Best-selling single of the year[11]

‡
Best-selling single of the decade[11]

*
Indicates a single that did not reach number one in the NME singles chart, which was compiled separately until 4 May 1988

text:
Contents

← 1970s
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990s →

text:
No.
Artist[nb 1]
Single[nb 1]
Week ending date[nb 1]
Weeks at
number one[nb 1]

447.1 !1980

448
Pink Floyd
"Another Brick in the Wall (Part II)"
000000001979-12-15-000015 December 1979
5

449
Pretenders
"Brass in Pocket"
000000001980-01-19-000019 January 1980
2

450
Specials !The Special A.K.A. feat. Rico
"Special A.K.A. Live!" !The Special A.K.A. Live![nb 2]
000000001980-02-02-00002 February 1980
2

451
Rogers, KennyKenny Rogers
"Coward of the County"
000000001980-02-16-000016 February 1980
2

452
Blondie
"Atomic"
000000001980-03-01-00001 March 1980
2

453
Kinney, FernFern Kinney
"Together We Are Beautiful"
000000001980-03-15-000015 March 1980
1

454
Jam !The Jam
"Going Underground" / "Dreams of Children"
000000001980-03-22-000022 March 1980
3

455
Detroit Spinners
"Working My Way Back to You – Forgive Me Girl" *
000000001980-04-12-000012 April 1980
2

456
Blondie
"Call Me"
000000001980-04-26-000026 April 1980
1

457
Dexys Midnight Runners
"Geno"
000000001980-05-03-00003 May 1980
2

458
Logan, JohnnyJohnny Logan
"What's Another Year"
000000001980-05-17-000017 May 1980
2

459
MASH !The Mash
"Theme from M*A*S*H (Suicide is Painless)"
000000001980-05-31-000031 May 1980
3

460
McLean, DonDon McLean
"Crying"
000000001980-06-21-000021 June 1980
3

461
Newton-John, OliviaOlivia Newton-John and the Electric Light Orchestra
"Xanadu"
000000001980-07-12-000012 July 1980
2

462
Odyssey
"Use It Up and Wear It Out"
000000001980-07-26-000026 July 1980
2

463
ABBA
"Winner Takes It All, TheThe Winner Takes It All"
000000001980-08-09-00009 August 1980
2

464
Bowie, DavidDavid Bowie
"Ashes to Ashes"
000000001980-08-23-000023 August 1980
2

465
Jam !The Jam
"Start!"
000000001980-09-06-00006 September 1980
1

466
Marie, KellyKelly Marie
"Feels Like I'm in Love" *
000000001980-09-13-000013 September 1980
2

467
Police !The Police
"Don't Stand So Close to Me" †
000000001980-09-27-000027 September 1980
4

468
Streisand, BarbraBarbra Streisand
"Woman in Love"
000000001980-10-25-000025 October 1980
3

469
Blondie
"Tide Is High, TheThe Tide Is High"
000000001980-11-15-000015 November 1980
2

470
ABBA
"Super Trouper"
000000001980-11-29-000029 November 1980
3

471
Lennon, JohnJohn Lennon
"Just Like) Starting Over !(Just Like) Starting Over"
000000001980-12-20-000020 December 1980
1

472
St Winifred's School Choir
"There's No One Quite Like Grandma" *
000000001980-12-27-000027 December 1980
2

472.1 !1981

473
Lennon, JohnJohn Lennon
"Imagine"
000000001981-01-10-000010 January 1981
4

474
Lennon, JohnJohn Lennon
"Woman" *
000000001981-02-07-00007 February 1981
2

475
Dolce, Joe !Joe Dolce Music Theatre
"Shaddap You Face"
000000001981-02-21-000021 February 1981
3

476
Roxy Music
"Jealous Guy"
000000001981-03-14-000014 March 1981
2

477
Shakin' Stevens
"This Ole House"
000000001981-03-28-000028 March 1981
3

478
Bucks Fizz
"Making Your Mind Up"
000000001981-04-18-000018 April 1981
3

479
Ants !Adam and the Ants
"Stand and Deliver"
000000001981-05-09-00009 May 1981
5

480
Robinson, SmokeySmokey Robinson
"Being with You"
000000001981-06-13-000013 June 1981
2

481
Jackson, MichaelMichael Jackson
"One Day In Your Life"
000000001981-06-27-000027 June 1981
2

482
Specials !The Specials
"Ghost Town"
000000001981-07-11-000011 July 1981
3

483
Shakin' Stevens
"Green Door"
000000001981-08-01-00001 August 1981
4

484
Aneka
"Japanese Boy"
000000001981-08-29-000029 August 1981
1

485
Soft Cell
"Tainted Love" †
000000001981-09-05-00005 September 1981
2

486
Ants !Adam and the Ants
"Prince Charming"
000000001981-09-19-000019 September 1981
4

487
Stewart, DaveDave Stewart and Barbara Gaskin
"It's My Party"
000000001981-10-17-000017 October 1981
4

488
Police !The Police
"Every Little Thing She Does Is Magic"
000000001981-11-14-000014 November 1981
1

489
Queen and David Bowie
"Under Pressure"
000000001981-11-21-000021 November 1981
2

490
Iglesias, JulioJulio Iglesias
"Begin The Beguine (Volver A Empezar)"
000000001981-12-05-00005 December 1981
1

491
Human League !The Human League
"Don't You Want Me"
000000001981-12-12-000012 December 1981
5

491.1 !1982

492
Bucks Fizz
"Land of Make Believe, TheThe Land of Make Believe"
000000001982-01-16-000016 January 1982
2

493
Shakin' Stevens
"Oh Julie" *
000000001982-01-30-000030 January 1982
1

494
Kraftwerk
"Computer Love" / "The Model"
000000001982-02-06-00006 February 1982
1

495
Jam !The Jam
"Town Called Malice" / "Precious"
000000001982-02-13-000013 February 1982
3

496
Tight Fit
"Lion Sleeps Tonight, TheThe Lion Sleeps Tonight"
000000001982-03-06-00006 March 1982
3

497
Goombay Dance Band
"Seven Tears"
000000001982-03-27-000027 March 1982
3

498
Bucks Fizz
"My Camera Never Lies"
000000001982-04-17-000017 April 1982
1

499
McCartney, PaulPaul McCartney and Stevie Wonder
"Ebony and Ivory"
000000001982-04-24-000024 April 1982
3

500
Nicole
"Little Peace, AA Little Peace"
000000001982-05-15-000015 May 1982
2

501
Madness
"House of Fun"
000000001982-05-29-000029 May 1982
2

502
Ant, AdamAdam Ant
"Goody Two Shoes"
000000001982-06-12-000012 June 1982
2

503
Charlene
"I've Never Been to Me"
000000001982-06-26-000026 June 1982
1

504
Captain Sensible
"Happy Talk"
000000001982-07-03-00003 July 1982
2

505
Cara, IreneIrene Cara
"Fame"
000000001982-07-17-000017 July 1982
3

506
Dexys Midnight Runners and the Emerald Express
"Come On Eileen" †
000000001982-08-07-00007 August 1982
4

507
Survivor
"Eye of the Tiger"
000000001982-09-04-00004 September 1982
4

508
Musical Youth
"Pass the Dutchie"
000000001982-10-02-00002 October 1982
3

509
Culture Club
"Do You Really Want to Hurt Me"
000000001982-10-23-000023 October 1982
3

510
Grant, EddyEddy Grant
"I Don't Wanna Dance"
000000001982-11-13-000013 November 1982
3

511
Jam !The Jam
"Beat Surrender"
000000001982-12-04-00004 December 1982
2

512
Renée and Renato
"Save Your Love"
000000001982-12-18-000018 December 1982
4

512.1 !1983

513
Collins, PhilPhil Collins
"You Can't Hurry Love"
000000001983-01-15-000015 January 1983
2

514
Men at Work
"Down Under"
000000001983-01-29-000029 January 1983
3

515
Kajagoogoo
"Too Shy"
000000001983-02-19-000019 February 1983
2

516
Jackson, MichaelMichael Jackson
"Billie Jean"
000000001983-03-05-00005 March 1983
1

517
Tyler, BonnieBonnie Tyler
"Total Eclipse of the Heart"
000000001983-03-12-000012 March 1983
2

518
Duran Duran
"Is There Something I Should Know?"
000000001983-03-26-000026 March 1983
2

519
Bowie, DavidDavid Bowie
"Let's Dance"
000000001983-04-09-00009 April 1983
3

520
Spandau Ballet
"True"
000000001983-04-30-000030 April 1983
4

521
New Edition
"Candy Girl"
000000001983-05-28-000028 May 1983
1

522
Police !The Police
"Every Breath You Take"
000000001983-06-04-00004 June 1983
4

523
Stewart, RodRod Stewart
"Baby Jane"
000000001983-07-02-00002 July 1983
3

524
Young, PaulPaul Young
"Wherever I Lay My Hat (That's My Home)"
000000001983-07-23-000023 July 1983
3

525
KC and the Sunshine Band
"Give It Up"
000000001983-08-13-000013 August 1983
3

526
UB40
"Red Red Wine"
000000001983-09-03-00003 September 1983
3

527
Culture Club
"Karma Chameleon" †
000000001983-09-24-000024 September 1983
6

528
Joel, BillyBilly Joel
"Uptown Girl"
000000001983-11-05-00005 November 1983
5

529
Flying Pickets !The Flying Pickets
"Only You"
000000001983-12-10-000010 December 1983
5

529.1 !1984

530
McCartney, PaulPaul McCartney
"Pipes of Peace"
000000001984-01-14-000014 January 1984
2

531
Frankie Goes to Hollywood
"Relax"
000000001984-01-28-000028 January 1984
5

532
Nena
"99 Red Balloons"
000000001984-03-03-00003 March 1984
3

533
Richie, LionelLionel Richie
"Hello"
000000001984-03-24-000024 March 1984
6

534
Duran Duran
"Reflex, TheThe Reflex"
000000001984-05-05-00005 May 1984
4

535
Wham!
"Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go"
000000001984-06-02-00002 June 1984
2

536
Frankie Goes to Hollywood
"Two Tribes"
000000001984-06-16-000016 June 1984
9

537
Michael, GeorgeGeorge Michael
"Careless Whisper"
000000001984-08-18-000018 August 1984
3

538
Wonder, StevieStevie Wonder
"I Just Called to Say I Love You"
000000001984-09-08-00008 September 1984
6

539
Wham!
"Freedom"
000000001984-10-20-000020 October 1984
3

540
Khan, ChakaChaka Khan
"I Feel for You"
000000001984-11-10-000010 November 1984
3

541
Diamond, JimJim Diamond
"I Should Have Known Better"
000000001984-12-01-00001 December 1984
1

542
Frankie Goes to Hollywood
"Power of Love, TheThe Power of Love" *
000000001984-12-08-00008 December 1984
1

543
Band Aid
"Do They Know It's Christmas?" ‡
000000001984-12-15-000015 December 1984
5

543.1 !1985

544
Foreigner
"I Want to Know What Love Is"
000000001985-01-19-000019 January 1985
3

545
Paige, ElaineElaine Paige and Barbara Dickson
"I Know Him So Well"
000000001985-02-09-00009 February 1985
4

546
Dead or Alive
"You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)"
000000001985-03-09-00009 March 1985
2

547
Bailey, PhilipPhilip Bailey (duet with Phil Collins)
"Easy Lover"
000000001985-03-23-000023 March 1985
4

548
USA for Africa
"We Are the World" *
000000001985-04-20-000020 April 1985
2

549
Nelson, PhyllisPhyllis Nelson
"Move Closer"
000000001985-05-04-00004 May 1985
1

550
Hardcastle, PaulPaul Hardcastle
"19"
000000001985-05-11-000011 May 1985
5

551
Crowd !The Crowd
"You'll Never Walk Alone"
000000001985-06-15-000015 June 1985
2

552
Sister Sledge
"Frankie"
000000001985-06-29-000029 June 1985
4

553
Eurythmics
"There Must Be an Angel (Playing with My Heart)"
000000001985-07-27-000027 July 1985
1

554
Madonna
"Into the Groove"
000000001985-08-03-00003 August 1985
4

555
UB40 and Chrissie Hynde
"I Got You Babe"
000000001985-08-31-000031 August 1985
1

556
Bowie, DavidDavid Bowie and Mick Jagger
"Dancing in the Street"
000000001985-09-07-00007 September 1985
4

557
Ure, MidgeMidge Ure
"If I Was"
000000001985-10-05-00005 October 1985
1

558
Rush, JenniferJennifer Rush
"Power of Love, TheThe Power of Love" †
000000001985-10-12-000012 October 1985
5

559
Sharkey, FeargalFeargal Sharkey
"Good Heart, AA Good Heart"
000000001985-11-16-000016 November 1985
2

560
Wham!
"I'm Your Man"
000000001985-11-30-000030 November 1985
2

561
Houston, WhitneyWhitney Houston
"Saving All My Love for You"
000000001985-12-14-000014 December 1985
2

562
Shakin' Stevens
"Merry Christmas Everyone" *
000000001985-12-28-000028 December 1985
2

562.1 !1986

563
Pet Shop Boys
"West End Girls"
000000001986-01-11-000011 January 1986
2

564
A-ha !a-ha
"Sun Always Shines on T.V., TheThe Sun Always Shines on T.V."
000000001986-01-25-000025 January 1986
2

565
Ocean, BillyBilly Ocean
"When the Going Gets Tough, the Tough Get Going"
000000001986-02-08-00008 February 1986
4

566
Ross, DianaDiana Ross
"Chain Reaction"
000000001986-03-08-00008 March 1986
3

567
Richard, CliffCliff Richard and The Young Ones
"Living Doll"
000000001986-03-29-000029 March 1986
3

568
Michael, GeorgeGeorge Michael
"Different Corner, AA Different Corner"
000000001986-04-19-000019 April 1986
3

569
Falco
"Rock Me Amadeus"
000000001986-05-10-000010 May 1986
1

570
Spitting Image
"Chicken Song, TheThe Chicken Song"
000000001986-05-17-000017 May 1986
3

571
Doctor and the Medics
"Spirit in the Sky"
000000001986-06-07-00007 June 1986
3

572
Wham!
"Edge of Heaven, TheThe Edge of Heaven"
000000001986-06-28-000028 June 1986
2

573
Madonna
"Papa Don't Preach"
000000001986-07-12-000012 July 1986
3

574
de Burgh, ChrisChris de Burgh
"Lady in Red, TheThe Lady in Red"
000000001986-08-02-00002 August 1986
3

575
Gardiner, BorisBoris Gardiner
"I Want to Wake Up with You"
000000001986-08-23-000023 August 1986
3

576
Communards !The Communards
"Don't Leave Me This Way" †
000000001986-09-13-000013 September 1986
4

577
Madonna
"True Blue"
000000001986-10-11-000011 October 1986
1

578
Berry, NickNick Berry
"Every Loser Wins"
000000001986-10-18-000018 October 1986
3

579
Berlin
"Take My Breath Away (Love Theme from Top Gun)"
000000001986-11-08-00008 November 1986
4

580
Europe
"Final Countdown, TheThe Final Countdown"
000000001986-12-06-00006 December 1986
2

581
Housemartins !The Housemartins
"Caravan of Love"
000000001986-12-20-000020 December 1986
1

582
Wilson, JackieJackie Wilson
"Reet Petite (The Sweetest Girl in Town)"
000000001986-12-27-000027 December 1986
4

582.1 !1987

583
Hurley, Steve "Silk"Steve "Silk" Hurley
"Jack Your Body" * [nb 3]
000000001987-01-24-000024 January 1987
2

584
Franklin, ArethaAretha Franklin and George Michael
"I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)"
000000001987-02-07-00007 February 1987
2

585
King, Ben E.Ben E. King
"Stand by Me"
000000001987-02-21-000021 February 1987
3

586
George, BoyBoy George
"Everything I Own"
000000001987-03-14-000014 March 1987
2

587
Mel and Kim
"Respectable"
000000001987-03-28-000028 March 1987
1

588
Ferry Aid
"Let It Be"
000000001987-04-04-00004 April 1987
3

589
Madonna
"La Isla Bonita"
000000001987-04-25-000025 April 1987
2

590
Starship
"Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now"
000000001987-05-09-00009 May 1987
4

591
Houston, WhitneyWhitney Houston
"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)"
000000001987-06-06-00006 June 1987
2

592
Firm !The Firm
"Star Trekkin'"
000000001987-06-20-000020 June 1987
2

593
Pet Shop Boys
"It's a Sin"
000000001987-07-04-00004 July 1987
3

594
Madonna
"Who's That Girl"
000000001987-07-25-000025 July 1987
1

595
Los Lobos
"La Bamba"
000000001987-08-01-00001 August 1987
2

596
Jackson, MichaelMichael Jackson and Siedah Garrett
"I Just Can't Stop Loving You"
000000001987-08-15-000015 August 1987
2

597
Astley, RickRick Astley
"Never Gonna Give You Up" †
000000001987-08-29-000029 August 1987
5

598
MARRS
"Pump Up the Volume" / "Anitina (The First Time I See She Dance)"
000000001987-10-03-00003 October 1987
2

599
Bee Gees
"You Win Again"
000000001987-10-17-000017 October 1987
4

600
T'Pau
"China in Your Hand"
000000001987-11-14-000014 November 1987
5

601
Pet Shop Boys
"Always on My Mind"
000000001987-12-19-000019 December 1987
4

601.1 !1988

602
Carlisle, BelindaBelinda Carlisle
"Heaven Is a Place on Earth"
000000001988-01-16-000016 January 1988
2

603
Tiffany
"I Think We're Alone Now"
000000001988-01-30-000030 January 1988
3

604
Minogue, KylieKylie Minogue
"I Should Be So Lucky"
000000001988-02-20-000020 February 1988
5

605
Aswad
"Don't Turn Around"
000000001988-03-26-000026 March 1988
2

606
Pet Shop Boys
"Heart"
000000001988-04-09-00009 April 1988
3

607
S-Express
"Theme from S-Express"
000000001988-04-30-000030 April 1988
2

608
Fairground Attraction
"Perfect"
000000001988-05-14-000014 May 1988
1

609
Wet Wet Wet
Billy Bragg and Cara Tivey
"With a Little Help from My Friends"
"She's Leaving Home"
000000001988-05-21-000021 May 1988
4

610
Timelords !The Timelords
"Doctorin' the Tardis"
000000001988-06-18-000018 June 1988
1

611
Bros
"I Owe You Nothing"
000000001988-06-25-000025 June 1988
2

612
Medeiros, GlennGlenn Medeiros
"Nothing's Gonna Change My Love for You"
000000001988-07-09-00009 July 1988
4

613
Yazz and the Plastic Population
"Only Way Is Up, TheThe Only Way Is Up"
000000001988-08-06-00006 August 1988
5

614
Collins, PhilPhil Collins
"Groovy Kind of Love, AA Groovy Kind of Love"
000000001988-09-10-000010 September 1988
2

615
Hollies !The Hollies
"He Ain't Heavy, He's My Brother"
000000001988-09-24-000024 September 1988
2

616
U2
"Desire"
000000001988-10-08-00008 October 1988
1

617
Houston, WhitneyWhitney Houston
"One Moment in Time"
000000001988-10-15-000015 October 1988
2

618
Enya
"Orinoco Flow"
000000001988-10-29-000029 October 1988
3

619
Beck, RobinRobin Beck
"First Time"
000000001988-11-19-000019 November 1988
3

620
Richard, CliffCliff Richard
"Mistletoe and Wine" †
000000001988-12-10-000010 December 1988
4

620.1 !1989

621
Minogue, KylieKylie Minogue and Jason Donovan
"Especially for You"
000000001989-01-07-00007 January 1989
3

622
Almond, MarcMarc Almond feat. Gene Pitney
"Something's Gotten Hold of My Heart"
000000001989-01-28-000028 January 1989
4

623
Simple Minds
"Belfast Child"
000000001989-02-25-000025 February 1989
2

624
Donovan, JasonJason Donovan
"Too Many Broken Hearts"
000000001989-03-11-000011 March 1989
2

625
Madonna
"Like a Prayer"
000000001989-03-25-000025 March 1989
3

626
Bangles !The Bangles
"Eternal Flame"
000000001989-04-15-000015 April 1989
4

627
Minogue, KylieKylie Minogue
"Hand on Your Heart"
000000001989-05-13-000013 May 1989
1

628
Christians !The Christians, Holly Johnson, Paul McCartney, Gerry Marsden and Stock Aitken Waterman
"Ferry 'Cross the Mersey"
000000001989-05-20-000020 May 1989
3

629
Donovan, JasonJason Donovan
"Sealed with a Kiss"
000000001989-06-10-000010 June 1989
2

630
Soul II Soul feat. Caron Wheeler
"Back to Life (However Do You Want Me)"
000000001989-06-24-000024 June 1989
4

631
Sonia
"You'll Never Stop Me Loving You"
000000001989-07-22-000022 July 1989
2

632
Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers
"Swing the Mood"
000000001989-08-05-00005 August 1989
5

633
Black Box
"Ride On Time" †
000000001989-09-09-00009 September 1989
6

634
Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers
"That's What I Like"
000000001989-10-21-000021 October 1989
3

635
Stansfield, LisaLisa Stansfield
"All Around the World"
000000001989-11-11-000011 November 1989
2

636
New Kids on the Block
"You Got It (The Right Stuff)"
000000001989-11-25-000025 November 1989
3

637
Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers
"Let's Party"
000000001989-12-16-000016 December 1989
1

638
Band Aid II
"Do They Know It's Christmas?"
000000001989-12-23-000023 December 1989
3

text: By artist[edit]

text: American entertainer Madonna was the most successful act of the decade in terms of number-one singles. She had six number ones: "Into the Groove" (1985); "Papa Don't Preach", "True Blue" (both 1986); "La Isla Bonita", "Who's That Girl" (both 1987); and "Like a Prayer" (1989). George Michael had significant involvement with seven number-one singles; he was also involved with Band Aid single "Do They Know It's Christmas?" but his contribution was less significant. He had two number-one singles as a solo artist, four as a member of pop duo Wham!, and one as a duet with Aretha Franklin. The following artists achieved three or more number-one hits during the 1980s.

text:
Artist
Number ones
Weeks at
number one

Madonna
6
14

Pet Shop Boys
4
12

Bowie, DavidDavid Bowie
4
11

Shakin' Stevens
4
10

Jam !The Jam
4
9

Wham!
4
9

Frankie Goes to Hollywood
3
15

Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers
3
9

Minogue, KylieKylie Minogue
3
9

Police !The Police
3
9

Collins, PhilPhil Collins
3
8

McCartney, PaulPaul McCartney
3
8

Michael, GeorgeGeorge Michael
3
8

Donovan, JasonJason Donovan
3
7

Lennon, JohnJohn Lennon
3
7

Bucks Fizz
3
6

Houston, WhitneyWhitney Houston
3
6

Blondie
3
5

Jackson, MichaelMichael Jackson
3
5

text: Million-selling and platinum records[edit]

text: The British Phonographic Industry classified singles and albums since 1973 by the number of units sold, with the highest threshold being a "platinum record". Before 1989, a platinum record was given to singles that sold over 1,000,000 units, a gold record for 500,000 unit sales and a silver record for 250,000.[26] For singles released after 1 January 1989, the number of sales required to qualify for platinum, gold and silver records was dropped to 600,000 units (platinum), 400,000 units (gold) and 200,000 units (silver).[26][27][28] Fifteen records were classified platinum in the 1980s.[29] These include two songs from the 1970s that were classified platinum in the 1980s: Slade's "Merry Xmas Everybody", released in 1973, re-entered the charts and was classified platinum in 1980 and sold over one million copies in 1985. Pink Floyd's 1979 release "Another Brick in the Wall (Part II)" was classified platinum at the beginning of 1980 and, although certified as selling 0.995 million units, is believed to have surpassed a million copies in the 1980s when sales not "over-the-counter" are included.[30][31]

text: In the 1980s, twelve songs were released that were classified platinum in the decade; eleven of these also sold one million units in that time.[30] The double A-side, "Last Christmas" / "Everything She Wants" by Wham!, is notable for being the only million-selling single of the decade not to reach number one due to Band Aid's Do They Know It's Christmas? being released at the same time.[32] In addition, a new version of Do They Know It's Christmas? by Band Aid II was released in December 1989 and was classified platinum in 1990 and John Lennon's "Imagine" (originally released in 1975), reached number one in 1981 following his death and sold over a million copies.[10][30]

text: Twelve other songs originally released in the 1980s have since sold one million units, eleven of them following the introduction of music downloads in 2004.[33][34][35][36][37][38] The other song released in the 1980s to sell a million copies is Blue Monday by New Order which charted in several years during the 80s, but was not listed as a million seller until later.

text:
Artist
Song
Date released
Date certified
platinum
Year of millionth
sale

Lennon, JohnJohn Lennon
"Imagine"
000000001975-10-01-00001 October 1975
000000001981-02-01-00001 February 1981
1981

Human League !The Human League
"Don't You Want Me"
000000001981-11-27-000027 November 1981
000000001982-01-01-00001 January 1982
1981

Dexys Midnight Runners and the Emerald Express
"Come On Eileen"
000000001982-06-01-00001 June 1982
000000001982-09-01-00001 September 1982
1982

New Order
"Blue Monday" [No. 3]
000000001983-03-07-00007 March 1983
—
1983

Culture Club
"Karma Chameleon"
000000001983-09-06-00006 September 1983
000000001983-10-01-00001 October 1983
1983

Frankie Goes to Hollywood
"Relax"
000000001984-01-01-00001 January 1984
000000001984-03-01-00001 March 1984
1984

Frankie Goes to Hollywood
"Two Tribes"
000000001984-05-01-0000May 1984
000000001984-06-01-00001 June 1984
1984

Michael, GeorgeGeorge Michael
"Careless Whisper"
000000001984-07-23-000023 July 1984
000000001984-09-01-00001 September 1984
1984

Wonder, StevieStevie Wonder
"I Just Called to Say I Love You"
000000001984-08-17-000017 August 1984
000000001984-09-01-00001 September 1984
1984

Band Aid
"Do They Know It's Christmas?"
000000001984-11-28-000028 November 1984
000000001984-12-01-00001 December 1984
1984

Wham!
"Last Christmas" / "Everything She Wants"[No. 2]
000000001984-12-03-00003 December 1984
000000001985-01-01-00001 January 1985
1984

Jennifer Rush
"Power of Love, TheThe Power of Love"
000000001985-05-28-000028 May 1985
000000001985-11-01-00001 November 1985
1985

Jive Bunny and the Mastermixers
"Swing the Mood"
000000001989-06-01-0000June 1989
000000001989-08-01-00001 August 1989
—

Black Box
"Ride On Time"
000000001989-08-18-000018 August 1989
000000001989-10-01-00001 October 1989
2004–10

Band Aid II
"Do They Know It's Christmas?"
000000001989-12-11-000011 December 1989
000000001990-04-01-00001 April 1990
—

Ants !Adam and the Ants
"Stand and Deliver"
000000001981-05-01-00001 May 1981
—
2004–10

Tight Fit
"Lion Sleeps Tonight, TheThe Lion Sleeps Tonight"
000000001982-01-01-00001 January 1982
—
2010–12

Cara, IreneIrene Cara
"Fame"
000000001982-06-01-00001 June 1982
—
2004–10

Survivor
"Eye of the Tiger"
000000001982-07-02-00002 July 1982
—
2004–10

Joel, BillyBilly Joel
"Uptown Girl"
000000001983-09-30-000030 September 1983
—
2004–12

Parker, Jr., RayRay Parker, Jr.
"Ghostbusters"[No. 2]
000000001984-08-17-000017 August 1984
—
2004–10

The Pogues featuring Kirsty MacColl
"Fairytale of New York"[No. 2]
000000001987-11-23-000023 November 1987
—
2011

UB40
"Red Red Wine"
000000001983-08-20-000020 August 1983
—
2014

Journey
"Don't Stop Believin'"[No. 62]
000000001981-12-01-00001 December 1981
—
2014

Kylie Minogue & Jason Donovan
"Especially for You"
000000001988-11-28-000028 November 1988
—
2014

text: Additional information[edit]

text: [No. 2]: The singles "Last Christmas", "Ghostbusters" and "Fairytale of New York" peaked at number two in the UK singles chart.

text: [No. 3]: "Blue Monday" was originally released as a 12" single in 1983, where it peaked at number 9 in the UK Singles Chart. It was re-released in 7" format in 1988 as "Blue Monday 1988" where it reached a higher peak of number 3. It has also been re-released on other occasions, most notably 1995. New Order's label, Factory Records, were not a member of the British Phonographic Industry (BPI) so they never received any sales certifications. However, "Blue Monday" sold more than one million units through combined sales total.

text: [No. 62]: "Don't Stop Believin'" originally peaked in the UK at number 62 in 1982, but reached number 6 in 2010 following performances on X Factor.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d The artist, song name, week-ending date of number-one and consecutive number of weeks at the top are those given by The Official Charts Company. The dates are those for the Saturday after publication. The actual sales week represented is that up to and including the previous Saturday (i.e. from 13 to 7 days prior to the chart date).[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]
Jump up ^ This number-one record was not a single but a five-track extended play (EP) with "Too Much Too Young" as the lead track.[22] The rules now require at most four distinct songs to be eligible for the UK Singles Chart.[23] Although the EP is credited to The Special A.K.A. on the record sleeve the record label credits The Specials.[24]
Jump up ^ "Jack Your Body" was released on a 12" single that was over 25 minutes long, exceededing the maximum time for a record to be classified as a single. The track should have been classified as an album instead (as it was in NME) and, during the two weeks it spent at number one, "Reet Petite" would have been number one for a fifth week and "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" would have become number one a week earlier.[25]

tag: ol


document_title: Freaky Friday (soundtrack)

question_text: what song does lindsay lohan sing in freaky friday

root

text: Freaky Friday (soundtrack)

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
Lindsay Lohan – "Ultimate"
Simple Plan – "Happy Together"
Lillix – "What I Like About You"
American Hi-Fi – "The Art of Losing"
Forty Foot Echo – "Brand New Day"
Halo Friendlies – "Me vs. the World"
Christina Vidal – "Take Me Away"
Chad Michael Murray – "...Baby One More Time" (Intro)
Bowling for Soup – "...Baby One More Time"
The Donnas – "Backstage"
Andrew W.K. – "She Is Beautiful"
Diffuser – "Wonder"
Lash – "Beauty Queen"
Ashlee Simpson – "Just Let Me Cry"
Joey Ramone – "What a Wonderful World"
Rolfe Kent – "Fortune Cookie?"

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2004)
Peak
position
Certification
Sales

U.S. Billboard 200
19
Gold
500,000

U.S. Billboard Top Soundtracks
3

tag: table

text: Ultimate[edit]

text:
"Ultimate"

Promotional single by Lindsay Lohan

from the album Freaky Friday

Released
July 22, 2003

Format
Digital download

Recorded
2003

Genre

Pop punk

Length
3:06

Label
Hollywood

Songwriter(s)

Robert Ellis Orrall
Jeff Coplan

Producer(s)

Robert Ellis Orrall
Jeff Coplan

text: "Ultimate" is the only single released from the soundtrack, with a music video to help promote the film. It enjoyed some success on Disney Channel and Radio Disney.[3]

tag: p

text: Background[edit]

text: It was written and produced by Robert Ellis Orrall and Jeff Coplan. The song was played during the end credits of the film. The song was so successful on Radio Disney and Disney Channel, that it was included on the soundtrack of the series That's So Raven.

text: Music video[edit]

text: There are two different music videos for the song. In the first (which appears on film), Lohan sings the song as her character Anna Coleman and her bandmates (played by Christina Vidal and Haley Hudson) at her mother's wedding. In the second version that appeared on Disney Channel, the video begins the same as the first one, at a wedding. Then it transitions to Lohan recording the song in a studio and features clips from the film.


document_title: Proximal tubule

question_text: explain how epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule are adapted for reabsorption

text: Proximal tubule

text: Structure[edit]

text: The most distinctive characteristic of the proximal tubule is its brush border, also known as the striated border.

text: Brush border cell[edit]

text: The luminal surface of the epithelial cells of this segment of the nephron is covered with densely packed microvilli forming a border readily visible under the light microscope giving the brush border cell its name. The microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cells, presumably facilitating their resorptive function as well as putative flow sensing within the lumen.[1]

text: The cytoplasm of the cells is densely packed with mitochondria, which are largely found in the basal region within the infoldings of the basal plasma membrane. The high quantity of mitochondria gives the cells an acidophilic appearance. The mitochondria are needed in order to supply the energy for the active transport of sodium ions out of the cells to create a concentration gradient which allows more sodium ions to enter the cell from the luminal side. Water passively follows the sodium out of the cell along its concentration gradient.

text: Cuboidal epithelial cells lining the proximal tubule have extensive lateral interdigitations between neighboring cells, which lend an appearance of having no discrete cell margins when viewed with a light microscope.

text: Agonal resorption of the proximal tubular contents after interruption of circulation in the capillaries surrounding the tubule often leads to disturbance of the cellular morphology of the proximal tubule cells, including the ejection of cell nuclei into the tubule lumen.

text: This has led some observers to describe the lumen of proximal tubules as occluded or "dirty-looking," in contrast to the "clean" appearance of distal tubules, which have quite different properties.

text: Divisions[edit]

text: The proximal tubule as a part of the nephron can be divided into two sections, pars convoluta and pars recta. Differences in cell outlines exist between these segments, and therefore presumably in function too.

text: Regarding ultrastructure, it can be divided into three segments, oS1, S2, and S3:

text:
Segment
Gross divisions
Ultrastructure divisions
Description

Proximal tubule
convoluted
S1[2]
Higher cell complexity[2]

S2[2]

straight

S3[2]
Lower cell complexity[2]

text: Proximal convoluted tubule (pars convoluta)[edit]

text: The pars convoluta (Latin "convoluted part") is the initial convoluted portion.

text: In relation to the morphology of the kidney as a whole, the convoluted segments of the proximal tubules are confined entirely to the renal cortex.

text: Some investigators on the basis of particular functional differences have divided the convoluted part into two segments designated S1 and S2.

text: Proximal straight tubule (pars recta)[edit]

text: The pars recta (Latin "straight part") is the following straight (descending) portion.

text: Straight segments descend into the outer medulla. They terminate at a remarkably uniform level and it is their line of termination that establishes the boundary between the inner and outer stripes of the outer zone of the renal medulla.

text: As a logical extension of the nomenclature described above, this segment is sometimes designated as S3.

text: Function[edit]

text: Absorption[edit]

text: The proximal tubule regulates the pH of the filtrate by exchanging hydrogen ions in the interstitium for bicarbonate ions in the filtrate; it is also responsible for secreting organic acids, such as creatinine and other bases, into the filtrate.

text: Fluid in the filtrate entering the proximal convoluted tubule is reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries. This is driven by sodium transport from the lumen into the blood by the Na+/K+ ATPase in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells. Sodium reabsorption is primarily driven by this P-type ATPase. This is the most important transport mechanism in the PCT.

text:
Substance
% of filtrate reabsorbed
Comments

salt and water
approximately two-thirds
Much of the mass movement of water and solutes occurs through the cells, passively across the luminal membrane via transcellular transport, followed by active resorption across the basolateral membrane via the Na/K/ATPase pump. The solutes are absorbed isotonically, in that the osmotic potential of the fluid leaving the proximal tubule is the same as that of the initial glomerular filtrate.

organic solutes (primarily glucose and amino acids)
100%
Glucose, amino acids, inorganic phosphate, and some other solutes are resorbed via secondary active transport through co-transporters driven by the sodium gradient out of the nephron.

potassium
approximately 65%
Most of the filtered potassium is resorbed by two paracellular mechanisms - solvent drag and simple diffusion.[3]

urea
approximately 50%
Paracellular fluid reabsorption sweeps some urea with it via solvent drag. As water leaves the lumen, the concentration of urea increases, which facilitates diffusion in the late proximal tubule.[4]

phosphate
approximately 80%
Parathyroid hormone reduces reabsorption of phosphate in the proximal tubules, but, because it also enhances the uptake of phosphate from the intestine and bones into the blood, the responses to PTH cancel each other out, and the serum concentration of phosphate remains approximately the same.

citrate
70%–90%[5]
Acidosis increases absorption. Alkalosis decreases absorption.

text: Secretion[edit]

text: Many types of medications are secreted in the proximal tubule. Further reading: Table of medication secreted in kidney

text: Most of the ammonium that is excreted in the urine is formed in the proximal tubule via the breakdown of glutamine to alpha-ketoglutarate.[6] This takes place in two steps, each of which generates an ammonium anion: the conversion of glutamine to glutamate and the conversion of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate.[6] The alpha-ketoglutarate generated in this process is then further broken down to form two bicarbonate anions,[6] which are pumped out of the basolateral portion of the tubule cell by co-transport with sodium ions.

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: Proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) have a pivotal role in kidney disease. Two mammalian cell lines are commonly used as models of the proximal tubule: porcine LLC-PK1 cells and marsupial OK cells.[7]

text: Cancer[edit]

text: Most renal cell carcinoma, the most common form of kidney cancer, arises from the convoluted tubules.[8]

text: Other[edit]

text: Acute tubular necrosis occurs when PTECs are directly damaged by toxins such as antibiotics (e.g., gentamicin), pigments (e.g., myoglobin) and sepsis (e.g., mediated by lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria). Renal tubular acidosis (proximal type) (Fanconi syndrome) occurs when the PTECs are unable to properly reabsorb glomerular filtrate so that there is increased loss of bicarbonate, glucose, amino acids, and phosphate.

text: PTECs also participate in the progression of tubulointerstitial injury due to glomerulonephritis, ischemia, interstitial nephritis, vascular injury, and diabetic nephropathy. In these situations, PTECs may be directly affected by protein (e.g., proteinuria in glomerulonephritis), glucose (in diabetes mellitus), or cytokines (e.g., interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factors). There are several ways in which PTECs may respond: producing cytokines, chemokines, and collagen; undergoing epithelial mesenchymal trans-differentiation; necrosis or apoptosis.


document_title: Midnight Rider

question_text: what movie was the song midnight rider in

text: Midnight Rider

text: Background[edit]

text: "Midnight Rider" originated during the group's time spent at Idlewild South, a $165-a-month farmhouse they rented on a lake outside Macon, Georgia.[1] Allman felt free to smoke marijuana with no police around, which contributed to his writing at the cabin.[2] Its genesis was quick: the song came to him out of nowhere, and he completed a rough draft in just over an hour of writing.[3] He found himself stuck on the song's third verse, which he regarded as an especially important component of the song: "it's kind of the epilogue to the whole thing," he later wrote.[2] In the middle of the night, he went to roadie Kim Payne, who was keeping watch over the band's warehouse, where they kept their equipment.[3] Payne helped him write the first two lines of the third verse: "We were getting high and, honestly, he was starting to irritate me—because he was singing this song over and over and I got sick of hearing the band play the same shit over and over again until they got it right," he later recalled. "So I just threw out the line, 'I've gone past the point of caring / some old bed I’ll soon be sharing.'"[3][4]

text: Thankful for Payne's help, he told him he would give him a percentage of its royalties should it become a success.[5] Payne was not originally listed as a songwriter on the song, so he later had Allman contact Phil Walden to produce a contract that allowed him five percent of its future royalties.[6]

text: Recording and production[edit]

text: Allman wanted to record it immediately, but had no keys to Capricorn Sound Studios, which was adjacent to the warehouse. They phoned both producer Johnny Sandlin and Paul Hornsby who "told us to go to hell, come back in the morning," according to Payne.[5] Intent on recording the song, Allman and Payne broke into the building, with Payne smashing a window on a door to allow him to unlock it.[4] After managing to turn on the recording console and microphones, Allman recorded a demo by himself on acoustic guitar.[5] Unable to find the band members, he enlisted friend Twiggs Lyndon to perform bass guitar on a rough demo, though Lyndon did not know how to play the instrument. Allman instructed him to play the bassline he had envisioned and Lyndon practiced it multiple times to prepare.[3] He later found Allman Brothers drummer Jaimoe and had him perform congas on the demo. In the final studio recording, Duane Allman plays acoustic guitar, as he had enough studio experience to produce a nice acoustic sound.[7]

text: Allman called it "the song I’m most proud of in my career."[2]

text: Composition[edit]

text: "Midnight Rider" uses traditional folk and blues themes of desperation, determination, and a man on the run:

text: The verses arrangement features Duane Allman's acoustic guitar carrying the song's changes, underpinned by a congas-led rhythm section and soft, swirling organ.[8][9] Dickey Betts' lead guitar phrases ornament the choruses and the instrumental break, while Gregg Allman's powerful, soulful singing, featuring harmony-producing reverb, has led to the song becoming known by some as Allman's signature piece.[8] Music writer Jean-Charles Costa stated in 1973 that, "'Midnight Rider' has been recorded by other bands and it's easy to see why. The verse construction, the desperate lyrics, and the taut arrangement make it standout material,"[9] while musician and writer Bill Janovitz said that the recording successfully blended elements of blues, country music, soul music, and Southern rock.[8]

text: "Midnight Rider" has been a concert staple for the band in decades since; it is usually played fairly closely to the original template, and was not used as the basis for long jams until the Allman Brothers' annual New York City run in 2010.

text: Charted versions[edit]

text: The original version of "Midnight Rider" by The Allman Brothers Band never charted, but the song later became a hit for four other artists:

text: In November 1972, British rock singer Joe Cocker, who specialized in treating recently written songs by others, released a version on his album Joe Cocker, the single from which reached #27 on the Billboard Hot 100;[10] it was billed as Joe Cocker with The Chris Stainton Band.[10]

text: In fall 1973, Gregg Allman released a re-imagined version of the song on his first solo album, Laid Back, that featured the addition of horns and a solo rather than harmony vocal line. It reached #19 on the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1974.[10]

text: In early 1976, a reggae version by the Jamaican singer, Paul Davidson, on the Tropical Records label, reached #10 in the UK Singles Chart.[11]

text: In 1980, Willie Nelson recorded a cover of the song for inclusion in the soundtrack to the film The Electric Horseman. Nelson's version was released as a single, and peaked at #6 on the Hot Country Singles chart.[12] Nelson later re-released the song in 2004 as a duet with Toby Keith, although this rendition did not chart.

text: Other versions[edit]

text: Many other versions have been recorded as well, starting in 1971 with Drummer Buddy Miles on his "A Message to the People" LP on Mercury Record.- when jazz guitarist Maynard Parker released a 1973 version on an album named for the song.[13] Since that time, the song has gone on to be The Allman Brothers Band's most covered song,[8] performed by artists ranging from country legend Waylon Jennings to punk rock legend Patti Smith; from bluegrass fiddler/singer Alison Krauss to ska revivalists Bad Manners to doo-wop vocalists The Drifters. O.A.R. also covers Midnight Rider frequently at live shows,[14] as well as Bon Jovi guitarist Richie Sambora, who sometimes uses it as an intro to Wanted Dead or Alive; during his solo shows but also with his main band, he had also sung "Midnight Rider" before the mentioned. Buckcherry has also played "Midnight Rider" before live, Michael McDonald does a rendition of "Midnight Rider", and it has also appeared on a Hank Williams, Jr. album. Bob Seger covered the song on his long out of print Back in '72 album. An edited and remastered version of his version, which eliminates the breakdown and Seger's scatting towards the end of the track, appears on his 2009 Early Seger Vol. 1 album. In 2009, Stephen Stills played "Midnight Rider" on The Howard Stern Show saying that he and Gregg Allman used to sing it together. In summer 2010, he and his bandmates in Crosby, Stills and Nash performed the song on their European tour, during a covers section in their set.

text: Gregg Allman's solo version is featured during the opening scenes of the 2004 remake of Walking Tall

text: Theory of a Deadman covered the song on the 2009 special edition of their 2008 Scars & Souvenirs album.

text: UB40 also covered the song on their 2013 Getting Over the Storm album.

text: Sharon Jones & the Dap-Kings recorded a Soul/Funk version in 2016 for Lincoln Motor Company to use in a commercial.[15]

text: In 2017 Lydia Lunch & Cypress Grove covered the song on their album Under the Covers.[16]

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Joe Cocker version

Chart (1972)
Peak
position

US Billboard Hot 100[17]
27

Gregg Allman version

Chart (1973–74)
Peak
position

Canada Top Singles (RPM)[18]
17

US Billboard Hot 100[19]
19

Paul Davidson version

Chart (1975–76)
Peak
position

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[20]
10

Willie Nelson version

Chart (1980)
Peak
position

US Hot Country Singles (Billboard[21]
6

text: Notes[edit]


document_title: Pitch Perfect 2

question_text: where was the end of pitch perfect 2 filmed

text: Pitch Perfect 2

text: Plot[edit]

text: Three years after winning the previous competition, the Barden Bellas are now led by Beca Mitchell and three-time super senior Chloe Beale. The Bellas have become ICCA champions each of these three years. However, the group becomes involved in a national scandal, dubbed Muffgate, when a wardrobe malfunction causes Fat Amy's pants to rip in front of President Barack Obama, showing her genitals to the public since she did not wear underwear, leading to the Bellas' suspension from the ICCAs. Beca makes a deal to allow the Bellas to be reinstated should they win the World Championship of a cappella.

text: Freshman Emily Junk begins her college career, hoping to follow in her mother Katherine's footsteps by being a Bella. At orientation, she watches an a cappella performance by the Treblemakers, now led by Beca's boyfriend Jesse Swanson. Benjamin "Benji" Applebaum, Jesse's best friend, overhears Emily, leading to a crush on her.

text: The Bellas learn that Das Sound Machine (DSM), a German powerhouse group, have replaced the Bellas on their victory tour. Additionally, Beca has started an internship at a recording studio, Residual Heat, something only Jesse knows.

text: Emily goes to the Bellas' sorority house to audition for them because of their absence from the auditions. When she sings her unfinished song "Flashlight," she succeeds in joining the Bellas.

text: At a car show where the ICCA winners are due to perform, the Bellas scout their replacements, DSM, led by intimidating duo Pieter Krämer and Kommissar, who take delight in mocking the all-girl group. Later, the Bellas are invited to an exclusive riff-off against DSM. Also in attendance are the Treblemakers, Tone Hangers (a group of former Treblemakers, including Bumper), and the Green Bay Packers. The Bellas make it to the final two, but end up losing to DSM in the final round when a nervous Emily flubs an attempt to sing "Flashlight," her original song not from the right category ("90's Hip-Hop Jamz").

text: The next day at the warmups, the Bellas' chances of winning end in disaster when the performance sets Cynthia-Rose's hair on fire by pyrotechnics. Even before then, John and Gail question the Bellas' identity. In order to regain harmony and sync, Chloe takes them to a retreat led by former leader Aubrey Posen. Beca starts a heated debate with Chloe over herself being the only one thinking about life beyond the Bellas and Chloe's obsession with winning Worlds.

text: To prove to her boss that she can produce music well, Beca offers Emily to produce "Flashlight" at the studio. The group realizes that they will no longer be together and may go their separate ways after graduation, and regain harmony by singing "Cups (When I'm Gone)." At the studio, Emily and Beca present their song to Beca's boss, in which he demonstrates envy for their talent and looks forward to producing with them.

text: The senior Bellas graduate and they all head off to Copenhagen for the World Finals, with Jesse and Benji to cheer them on. They perform a harmonized version of "Flashlight" with Aubrey, Katherine, and other past Bellas joining in. The Bellas win the championship and repair their damaged legacy. As the senior Bellas leave Barden, they give Emily a belated proper initiation with Fat Amy showing her how to do the last tradition: christening the house by sliding down the staircase.

text: In a mid-credits scene, Bumper performs on The Voice, he chooses Christina Aguilera as his coach and makes her uncomfortable when he gives her an oddly lengthy hug.

text: Cast[edit]

text: The Barden Bellas[edit]

text:
Anna Kendrick as Beca Mitchell, the senior leader of the Bellas, known for creating the unique modern-day sound of the Bellas. She is an aspiring record producer and is now an intern at Residual Heat, a record label.
Brittany Snow as Chloe Beale, the three-time super senior with a Type A personality who is the co-leader of the Bellas.
Rebel Wilson as Patricia "Fat Amy", a senior Bella from Australia and Bumper's love interest.
Hana Mae Lee as Lilly Onakuramara, a senior Bella known for her quiet speaking voice, odd remarks, and beat-boxing.
Alexis Knapp as Stacie Conrad, a senior Bella known for being overly sexual.
Ester Dean as Cynthia-Rose Adams, a lesbian senior Bella known for her strong urban vocal skills.
Hailee Steinfeld as Emily Junk, a freshman legacy Bella who is an aspiring songwriter, and Benji's love interest. Her mother was also a Barden Bella, giving her the legacy status.
Chrissie Fit as Florencia "Flo" Fuentes, a senior Bella who joined the group her sophomore year when she came to Barden University from Guatemala.
Kelley Jakle as Jessica, a senior Bella.
Shelley Regner as Ashley, a senior Bella.

tag: ul

text: Additional characters[edit]

text:
Skylar Astin as Jesse Swanson, the leader of the Treblemakers and Beca's boyfriend.
Adam DeVine as Bumper Allen, Fat Amy's love interest, former leader of the Treblemakers and current member of Tone Hangers. After working for John Mayer, he returns to Barden University as a security guard.
Anna Camp as Aubrey Posen, former leader of the Bellas, now runs the Lodge of Fallen Leaves.
Ben Platt as Benjamin "Benji" Applebaum, a senior Treblemaker, Jesse's best friend and Emily's love interest.
Birgitte Hjort Sørensen as Kommissar, Das Sound Machine's leader.
Flula Borg as Pieter Krämer, Das Sound Machine's 'second in command'
Katey Sagal as Katherine Junk, Emily's mother and a former Bella.
John Michael Higgins as John Smith, an a cappella competition commentator.
Elizabeth Banks as Gail Abernathy-McKadden-Feinberger, an a cappella competition commentator.
Keegan-Michael Key as Sammy, Beca's boss at Residual Heat, a rude but successful producer.
Shawn Carter Peterson as Dax, an intern at Residual Heat.
David Cross (credited as Sir Willups Brightlysmore) as the Riff-Off host.
Reggie Watts, John Hodgman, Jason Jones and Joe Lo Truglio as Tone Hanger singers.
Pentatonix as Team Canada
Penn Masala as Team India
Filharmonic as Team Philippines

text: Green Bay Packers players Clay Matthews, David Bakhtiari, Don Barclay, Josh Sitton and T. J. Lang play themselves in cameo appearances. Also appearing as themselves are Snoop Dogg, Natalie Morales, Jake Tapper, Joe Scarborough, Mika Brzezinski, Jimmy Kimmel, Rosie O'Donnell, Rosie Perez, Nicolle Wallace, Jordan Rodgers, Christina Aguilera, Adam Levine, Blake Shelton and Pharrell Williams. Robin Roberts, C.J. Perry and Kether Donohue appear as Legacy Bellas during the finale. Additionally, President Barack Obama, First Lady Michelle Obama and Shonda Rhimes briefly appear via archive footage.

text: Production[edit]

text: In December 2012, Skylar Astin revealed that he and Rebel Wilson have had meetings with Universal Studios about the potential sequel.[7] In April 2013, it was confirmed that a sequel would be released in 2015.[8] Elizabeth Banks directed the sequel, and Kay Cannon returned as screenwriter.[9] Paul Brooks produced for Gold Circle Films, alongside Banks and Max Handelman.[9] Deke Sharon returned as vocal producer, and has a brief cameo as a German reporter.[10] As in the first movie, they ran a month of "a cappella boot camp" before filming.[11]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Anna Kendrick and Wilson returned to the cast early in 2014 to play the characters they originated in the first film.[12] Brittany Snow reprised her character.[13] On April 24, Chrissie Fit was added to the cast.[14] On May 1, Hailee Steinfeld was added to the cast, playing a new member of the Barden Bellas.[15] On May 5, Adam DeVine was reported to return in the film.[16] On May 14, Katey Sagal was added to the cast, playing Steinfeld's character's mother.[17] On May 29, Flula Borg was added to the cast.[18] He played the leader of a European a cappella group, Das Sound Machine, that competed with the Bellas.[19] It was confirmed on June 18, 2014 that Christopher Shepard was added to the cast.[20] It was confirmed on June 19, 2014 that Pentatonix would play the role of a rival group to the Barden Bellas.[21] It was later confirmed that The Filharmonic from season 4 of The Sing Off would make a cameo appearance as a rival group from the Philippines.[22] On August 24, 2014 it was announced that Penn Masala,[23] the all-male Hindi a cappella group from director Elizabeth Banks's and producer Max Handelman's alma mater The University of Pennsylvania, would be featured as a team from Southeast Asia.[24] On June 25, Birgitte Hjort Sørensen was confirmed added to the cast.[25]

text: Filming[edit]

text: On May 21, 2014, principal photography began at Louisiana State University (LSU) campus in Baton Rouge.[26]

text: Music[edit]

text: On December 3, 2014, Mark Mothersbaugh was hired to compose the music for the film.[27] The official soundtrack was released on May 12, 2015.[28] The special edition soundtrack was later released on August 8, 2015.[29]

text: The original album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, earning 107,000 album-equivalent units (92,000 copies of traditional sales) in the week ending May 17, 2015.[30]

text:
No.
Title
Music
Length

1.
"Universal Fanfare"

Elizabeth Banks
John Michael Higgins

0:33

2.
"Kennedy Center Performance (We Got the World/Timber/America the Beautiful/Wrecking Ball)"
The Barden Bellas
2:27

3.
"Lollipop"
The Treblemakers
2:43

4.
"Car Show (Uprising/Tsunami)"
Das Sound Machine
1:47

5.
"Winter Wonderland/Here Comes Santa Claus"

Snoop Dogg
Anna Kendrick

3:04

6.
"Riff Off (Thong Song/(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty/Low/Bootylicious/Baby Got Back/Live Like You Were Dying/Before He Cheats/A Thousand Miles/We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together/What's Love Got to Do with It/This Is How We Do It/Doo Wop (That Thing)/Poison/Scenario/Insane in the Brain/Flashlight)"

Das Sound Machine
Tone Hangers
The Barden Bellas
Green Bay Packers
The Treblemakers

4:24

7.
"Jump"

Das Sound Machine
Tone Hangers
The Treblemakers
Green Bay Packers

1:16

8.
"Convention Performance (Promises/Problem)"
The Barden Bellas
1:41

9.
"Back to Basics (Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy/You Can't Hurry Love/Lady Marmalade/MMMBop/My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It))"
The Barden Bellas
1:30

10.
"Cups ("When I'm Gone") [Campfire Version]"
The Barden Bellas
0:45

11.
"We Belong"

Rebel Wilson
Adam DeVine

3:34

12.
"Any Way You Want It (World Championship Medley)"

Pentatonix
Filharmonic
The Cantasticos
The Singboks
Penn Masala

1:56

13.
"World Championship Finale 1 (My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark (Light Em Up)/All I Do Is Win)"
Das Sound Machine
2:01

14.
"World Championship Finale 2 (Run the World (Girls)/Where Them Girls At/Lady Marmalade/We Belong/Timber/Flashlight)"
The Barden Bellas
4:16

15.
"Crazy Youngsters"
Ester Dean
3:39

16.
"Pitch Perfect 2 End Credit Medley"
Mark Mothersbaugh
3:00

17.
"Flashlight"
Jessie J
3:29

18.
"All of Me (Bumper's Audition)"
Adam DeVine
1:27

Total length:
43:32[28][31]

text:
[show]Special edition

No.
Title
Music
Length

1.
"Universal Fanfare"

Elizabeth Banks
John Michael Higgins

0:33

2.
"Kennedy Center Performance (We Got the World/Timber/America The Beautiful/Wrecking Ball)"
The Barden Bellas
2:27

3.
"Bang Bang"

Jessie J
Ariana Grande
Nicki Minaj

3:19

4.
"Lollipop"
The Treblemakers
2:43

5.
"Change Your Life"
Iggy Azalea (feat. T.I.)
3:41

6.
"Sunshine"
Teddybears
3:20

7.
"Car Show (Uprising/Tsunami)"
Das Sound Machine
1:47

8.
"A Different Beat"
Little Mix
3:27

9.
"Winter Wonderland/Here Comes Santa Claus"

Snoop Dogg
Anna Kendrick

3:04

10.
"Riff Off (Thong Song/(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty/Low/Bootylicious/Baby Got Back/Live Like You Were Dying/Before He Cheats/A Thousand Miles/We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together/What's Love Got to Do with It/This Is How We Do It/Doo Wop (That Thing)/Poison/Scenario/Insane in the Brain/Flashlight)"

Das Sound Machine
Tone Hangers
The Barden Bellas
Green Bay Packers
The Treblemakers

4:24

11.
"Jump"

Das Sound Machine
Tone Hangers
The Treblemakers
Green Bay Packers

1:16

12.
"Convention Performance (Promises/Problem)"
The Barden Bellas
1:41

13.
"Back to Basics (Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy/You Can't Hurry Love/Lady Marmalade/MMMBop/My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It))"
The Barden Bellas
1:30

14.
"Cups ("When I'm Gone") [Campfire Version]"
The Barden Bellas
0:45

15.
"We Belong"

Rebel Wilson
Adam Devine

3:34

16.
"Any Way You Want It (World Championship Medley)"

Pentatonix
Filharmonic
The Cantasticos
The Singboks
Penn Masala

1:56

17.
"World Championship Finale 1 (My Songs Know What You Did in the Dark (Light Em Up)/All I Do Is Win)"
Das Sound Machine
2:01

18.
"World Championship Finale 2 (Run the World (Girls)/Where Them Girls At/Lady Marmalade/We Belong/Timber/Flashlight)"
The Barden Bellas
4:16

19.
"Crazy Youngsters"
Ester Dean
3:39

20.
"Heartbreak Dream"
Betty Who
3:38

21.
"Pitch Perfect 2 End Credit Medley"
Mark Mothersbaugh
3:00

22.
"Flashlight"
Jessie J
3:29

23.
"All of Me (Bumper's Audition)"
Adam DeVine
1:27

24.
"Flashlight (Sweet Life Mix)"
Hailee Steinfeld
2:58

25.
"Any Way You Want It"
Pentatonix
2:30

26.
"Flashlight (Rebel Mix)"
Jessie J
3:41

27.
"Jungle"
The Barden Bellas
0:32

Total length:
70:38[29]

text:
Chart (2015)
Peak
position

Australian Albums (ARIA)[32]
3

Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[33]
11

Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[34]
144

Canadian Albums (Billboard)[35]
3

German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[36]
12

New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[37]
8

Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[38]
26

Taiwanese Albums (Five Music)[39]
1

US Digital Albums (Billboard)[40]
1

US Billboard 200[41]
1

US Vinyl Albums (Billboard)[42]
1

text:
Chart (2015)
Position

Australian Albums (ARIA)[43]
27

US Billboard 200[44]
52

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released on May 7, 2015 in Australia and New Zealand, and May 15 in the United States and Canada.[45]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A still from the rehearsals for the film was revealed on May 16, 2014.[46] The poster was released on November 18, 2014 and the trailer came out the following day. A second trailer was aired during Super Bowl XLIX on February 1, 2015.[47]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Director Elizabeth Banks stated an additional performance by the Treblemakers was filmed specifically for the DVD release. Also included on the DVD will be deleted scenes.[48] On May 20, 2015, it was announced that FX Networks had acquired U.S. television broadcasting rights to the film.[49]

text: The Blu-ray and DVD editions of Pitch Perfect 2 were released on September 22, 2015 in the U.S.[50] with a Target-exclusive edition containing additional bonus features being released the same day.[51]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Pitch Perfect 2 grossed $184.2 million in North America and $103.2 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $287.5 million, against a budget of $29 million.[3] In its first five days, the film surpassed the total gross of the original ($115.4 million), and also overtook School of Rock ($131.3 million) for the highest grossing musical-comedy of all-time and the second greatest musical debut ever (behind Beauty and the Beast's $174.8 million in 2017).[4] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $139.6 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film.[52]

text: In the United States and Canada, Pitch Perfect 2 grossed $4.6 million from Thursday night showings and $27.8 million on its opening day, increasing the opening weekend projections from $40 million to $64 million.[53] In its opening weekend, the film grossed $69.2 million, finishing first at the box office.[54] The opening weekend gross was more than the entire North American total gross of the first film ($65 million), is the third biggest PG-13 comedy opening of all-time (behind The Simpsons Movie's $74 million in 2007 and Austin Powers in Goldmember's $73 million in 2002) and the highest grossing opening ever for a musical.[55]

text: Outside North America, the film opened at number one in Australia and New Zealand, earning $7.6 million and $1.2 million respectively.[56] The film grossed $22.1 million in Australia, $27.3 million in the United Kingdom and $2.7 million in New Zealand.[citation needed]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 65% based on 197 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Pitch Perfect 2 sings in sweet comedic harmony, even if it doesn't hit quite as many high notes as its predecessor."[57] On Metacritic, the film holds weighted average score of 63 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[58] In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[59]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Billboard Music Awards[edit]

text: 2016 Top Soundtrack (won)

text: Teen Choice Awards[edit]

text:
2015 Choice Movie: Comedy (won)
2015 Choice Movie Actor: Comedy (Skylar Astin, won)
2015 Choice Movie Actress: Comedy (Anna Kendrick, won)
2015 Choice Movie Actress: Comedy (Rebel Wilson, nominated)
2015 Choice Movie: Chemistry (Anna Kendrick and Brittany Snow, won)
2015 Choice Movie: Liplock (Rebel Wilson and Adam DeVine, nominated)
2015 Choice Movie: Hissy Fit (Anna Kendrick, won)
2015 Choice Movie: Scene Stealer (Adam DeVine, nominated)
2015 Choice Movie: Scene Stealer (Green Bay Packers, nominated)
2015 Choice Movie: Scene Stealer (Hailee Steinfeld, nominated)

text: People's Choice Awards[edit]

text:
Favorite Movie (lost to Furious 7)
Favorite Comedic Movie (won)
Favorite Comedic Movie Actress (Anna Kendrick, Rebel Wilson, both lost to Melissa McCarthy)

text: Kids Choice Awards[edit]

text:
Favorite Movie (lost to Star Wars: The Force Awakens)
Favorite Movie Actress (Anna Kendrick, Rebel Wilson, lost to Jennifer Lawrence)

text: MTV Movie Awards[edit]

text:
Best Female Performance (Anna Kendrick, nominated)
Best Comedic Performance (Rebel Wilson, nominated)
Best Kiss (Rebel Wilson and Adam DeVine, won)
Best Ensemble Cast (won)

text: Sequel[edit]

text: On April 11, 2015, a month before the release of the film, it was announced that Rebel Wilson would return for a third film, although she stated that she did not know if Anna Kendrick or any of the other cast members would also be reprising their roles. She added that she would be "up for a Fat Amy spin-off," although nothing has been confirmed.[60]

text: Director, star, and producer Elizabeth Banks acknowledged the possibility of a third film, saying, "I will say, it would be disingenuous to say that no one's talking about a Pitch Perfect 3; the possibility of it. We are really focused on getting as many butts in seats for this one. If fans embrace it, we are going to seriously think about what the continuing journey would look like, but we don’t know what that is yet".[61]

text: On June 10, 2015, a third film was officially confirmed, with Kay Cannon returning to write the script.[62] Several days later it was announced both Kendrick and Wilson would reprise their roles, and later Brittany Snow was also confirmed to return.[5] Banks will also return to produce, but in June 2016 it was announced she would not be directing the film.[63]

text: The film was originally slated for a July 21, 2017 release, and was later pushed back to August 4, 2017 before moving back to the July 21 slot.[6] In May 2016 it was moved again, this time being pushed back to December 22, 2017.[64]

text: As of January 2, 2017, Anna Kendrick, Rebel Wilson, Anna Camp, Brittany Snow, Ester Dean, Alexis Knapp, Hana Mae Lee, Kelley Jakle, Shelley Regner, Hailee Steinfeld, Chrissie Fit, and Elizabeth Banks have been confirmed to be reprising their roles.[65][66]


document_title: Alabama (American band)

question_text: when did alabama play at the bowery in myrtle beach

text: Alabama (American band)

text: History[edit]

text: 1969–79: Formation and early years[edit]

text: Alabama was formed by guitarists Randy Owen and Jeff Cook, and bassist Teddy Gentry, three cousins born and raised near Fort Payne, Alabama, an area with strong country music roots.[4] Owen and Gentry grew up on separate cotton farms on Lookout Mountain (a plateau that stretches across northeastern Alabama, through northwest Georgia and into Tennessee), learning guitar together and singing in church before the age of six.[5] Gentry and Owen played in numerous groups during the 1960s, ranging from pop to bluegrass.[5] Cook joined the band in 1969 forming the group Young Country, which first jammed together around Christmas.[4] Cook also played in numerous bands and was a rock and roll disk jockey.[5] The three cousins all shared vocal duties, with another cousin, drummer Jackie Owen, completing the group's first lineup.[4] The band's first performance was at a high school talent contest (playing a Merle Haggard song), for which they won first prize and tickets to the Grand Ole Opry.[6][5] Despite this, all were busy with prior commitments to pursue music: Owen still in high school, Cook working for Western Electric, and Gentry laying carpets full-time.[4] The band grew further inactive when Cook went to college and Owen into the military.[5]

text: The group became a professional band in 1972, adding drummer Bennett Vartanian and changing their name to Wildcountry.[5] During this time, the group accepted a position playing at the nearby Canyonland theme park.[7][4] The park would bring in established stars, such as Jerry Wallace, Bobby Bare, and Narvel Felts, and the band would back them, afterwards performing a one-hour dance set.[4] After a while, with opportunities for the band slimmed, a discouraged Cook took a government job in Anniston, Alabama. Owen was studying English at Jacksonville State University, and Cook had an electronics job.[8] The trio shared at $56-a-month apartment in Anniston,[8] working to keep the band afloat with night and weekend gigs.[4] The group decided to become professional musicians in 1973, and began performing at bars throughout the Southeast.[5] In March, the band relocated to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, performing six nights a week at a club named The Bowery for tips.[7][9] They made their best money performing cover songs of Lynyrd Skynyrd and Merle Haggard.[6] The group could not secure a record contract and began to self-finance recordings.[8] The group borrowed $4,000 from a Fort Payne bank to record and release their own albums to sell at shows.[5] Vartanian dropped out of the group, and following a rotation of four more drummers, they settled on Rick Scott in 1974.[5]

text: The group sent out demo tapes to record companies but received few responses until executives at GRT Records signed the band to a one-record contract,[5] issuing their debut single, "I Want to Be with You Tonight", in 1977.[4] GRT was more interested in the band as songwriters, and convinced the group to change their name to the Alabama Band, later shortened to Alabama.[10][7] The song only reached number 78 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts,[11] and GRT declared bankruptcy the following year. Due to a hidden clause in their contract, Alabama was forbidden from recording with another label.[5] For the next two years, the band raised money to buy out their contract and they began recording again in 1979.[5] Following self-recorded efforts Wildcountry (1976) and Deuces Wild (1977), Alabama Band No. 3 became the band's third album, and the band performed over 300 shows on the road that year.[5] The group hired independent radio promoters to receive radio play for the single "I Wanna Come Over", and they sent hand-written letters to program directors and DJs nationwide.[5] It received the attention of Dallas-based MDJ Records, who signed the band.[4] Scott left the group at this time, and was replaced by Mark Herndon, a rock drummer later credited with bringing the band their signature sound.[5] "I Wanna Come Over", became their first radio hit, reaching the top 40 in the Billboard country chart.[12]

text: 1980–87: Mainstream success and superstardom[edit]

text:
When it happened, it happened so fast we didn't have time to think ... One day we were in Myrtle Beach, and a few days later we were on Dick Clark's American Bandstand. We were scared to death. It was amazing. The next thing you know, you are Group of the Year on nationwide TV.
“
”

Randy Owen on the group's surprise success[10]

tag: div

text: The group's next single, "My Home's in Alabama", received an even better response, reaching the top 20.[12] Their early chart successes led to an invitation to appear at the "New Faces" show at Nashville's annual Country Radio Seminar, along with other new acts, such as Reba McEntire.[9] The band had to perform with studio musicians, rather than as a band, and left the session believing they had destroyed their chances. Despite this, the group drew interest from several labels, among those RCA Records,[10] with whom they signed in April 1980.[7] Their first single on RCA, "Tennessee River", was produced by Harold Shedd and was their first to hit number one on the Billboard country chart, beginning a streak of over 30 number one hits.[5] Cashbox named the band the New Vocal Group of the Year, marking the band's first award.[4] In July 1980, the band left their long-time gig at the Bowery,[10] promoting their single which they initially believed to be fluke.[9] The success took the band by surprise and soon became "all but consuming."[10]

text: Alabama enjoyed a great deal of creative freedom at RCA; they followed up "Tennessee River" with "Why Lady Why" despite the objections of executives and trade publications,[13] The song became their second number one on the charts.[12] They toured extensively, headlining small clubs and opening for bigger acts in major venues.[4] In addition, the group also received television exposure on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson and The Merv Griffin Show.[4] In February 1981, Alabama released its second major label album, Feels So Right; it peaked at number 16 on the Billboard 200 and stayed for more than three years, longer than any other Alabama album.[14] "Old Flame" was their next number one in February 1981, followed by "Feels So Right" in May, and "Love in the First Degree" that October.[12][15] That year, Alabama received a great deal of industry attention: Billboard named them New Group for the Year, Radio & Records called them Group of the Year, and the Academy of Country Music (ACM) deemed the band the Vocal Group of the Year.[4] The quintet performed on the 1981 Country Music Association Awards, where it received both Instrumental Group of the Year and Vocal Group of the Year.[4] Although the band received unprecedented success, Owen's personal life was falling apart: his father died while he was on the road, affecting him greatly.[9]

text:
"Love in the First Degree"

"Love in the First Degree" became Alabama's biggest crossover hit, peaking at number 15 on the Billboard Hot 100.[16]

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: Mountain Music, released in February 1982, is considered their final release before a significant upgrade in production and sound.[17] All three of the album's singles reached number one: "Mountain Music" in May 1982, followed two months later by "Take Me Down" that July, and "Close Enough to Perfect" in October.[12] That year, both Mountain Music and Feels So Right would go quadruple platinum; by late 1982, the band had sold over six million albums, despite just two years on the national circuit.[12] "Christmas in Dixie", a seasonal song released in 1982, charted on two of Billboard magazine's music popularity charts in six different calendar years.[18] Alabama became the first group to win CMA's prestigious Entertainer of the Year award, which they collected three years in a row, from 1982 to 1984.[17] The group received a Grammy Award for Best Country Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal, for Mountain Music.[4]

text: The Closer You Get..., released in March 1983, was certified platinum within two months, and also won the Grammy for Best Country Performance.[19][4] Each of the album's singles—"Dixieland Delight", "The Closer You Get", and "Lady Down on Love"—were number ones in both the U.S. and Canada.[15] Roll On was Alabama's next LP, and its four singles, "Roll On (Eighteen Wheeler)", "When We Make Love", "If You're Gonna Play in Texas (You Gotta Have a Fiddle in the Band)", "(There's A) Fire in the Night", all went to the top in both countries.[15] 40-Hour Week (1985) continued the band's string of multinational successes, with "40 Hour Week (For a Livin')" and "Can't Keep a Good Man Down" peaking at number one in both territories, with only the lead single, "There's No Way", falling short in Canada (although it peaked at number two).[15] 40-Hour Week was one of Alabama's most popular albums, crossing over in the pop album charts.[3] Alabama Christmas, a collection of nine holiday songs plus "Christmas in Dixie", became Alabama's debut on the compact disc that September; it was also the centerpiece of a retail and television promotion (sponsored by the Nashville Network).[20]

text: RCA issued an Alabama Greatest Hits compilation in January 1986, which went over five times platinum,[19] making the band the most successful country act of the 1980s.[5] The Touch followed in September 1986, and although considered one of the weakest in the band's catalogue,[5] it did have two number one hits: ""You've Got" the Touch" and "Touch Me When We're Dancing".[21] Their next record, Just Us, received a similar critical response, but produced two number ones: "Face to Face" and "Fallin' Again".[21] They also contributed their vocals to "Deep River Woman", a single by Lionel Richie, from Richie's third solo album Dancing on the Ceiling. Released in December 1986, the single peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart and number 71 on the Hot 100.[22]

text: 1987–2004: Decline in popularity and Farewell tour[edit]

text: By the late 1980s, Alabama's sales slowed down considerably, with only their major albums going gold.[23] The group's popularity was mostly eclipsed by more traditional-sounding artists such as Ricky Skaggs, Randy Travis, George Strait, and Dwight Yoakam.[24] Despite this, they continued to be a popular touring act, and the band issued their first live album, Alabama Live, in 1988.[23] For 1989's Southern Star, the band decided to part ways with longtime producer Shedd, instead splitting production duties between Josh Leo and Larry Lee, and the other half with Barry Beckett.[5] "Song of the South" was another number one, and the album's remaining singles—"If I Had You", "High Cotton", and "Southern Star"—were number ones in both the U.S. and Canada.[15] That year, Alabama were named by Billboard the Country Artist of the 1980s and the ACA voted the band the Artist of the Decade.[23]

text: Although their popularity continued to decline during the 1990s, their albums still reached gold and platinum status.[5][23] The 1990 album Pass It on Down featured three number one singles: "Jukebox in My Mind", "Forever's as Far as I'll Go", and "Down Home".[21] According to AllMusic, by the time the band released 1992's American Pride, "they were among the genre's aging veterans."[25] Richard Carlin of Country Music: A Biographical Dictionary, suggested that the group's harmonies sounded dated to the new audience.[26] "I'm in a Hurry (And Don't Know Why)" became the album's biggest hit, reaching number one; the album's other singles still fared very well, with "Take a Little Trip", "Once Upon a Lifetime", and "Hometown Honeymoon" peaking within the top three.[21][27] Cheap Seats followed in 1993, with "Reckless" becoming Alabama's final number one, although most of the band's singles afterward peaked within the top ten.[21][27] The band's 1995 album, In Pictures, represented their eighteenth gold album, more than the total for any other country act to that point.[28] In 1996, the group remained finalists in the Vocal Group of the Year at the Country Music Association Awards.[28] The band released Dancin' on the Boulevard in 1997, exploring R&B and beach music.[29] Singles "Sad Lookin' Moon" and "Dancin', Shaggin' on the Boulevard" were top five hits in the U.S. and Canada.[27] The following year, the group released For the Record, a two-disc greatest hits compilation that contained two new singles — "How Do You Fall in Love" and "Keepin' Up". Both new tracks were hits on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart, peaking at number two and fourteen, respectively.[21]

text: For their fifteenth studio release, Twentieth Century (1999), the band recorded a cover of "(God Must Have Spent) A Little More Time on You" by the boy band 'N Sync in 1999, in a move that was considered an attempt to "stay relevant."[26] The single nonetheless hit number one in Canada, number three on the US country charts, and number 29 on the Billboard Hot 100.[16][27] When It All Goes South (2001) followed in 2001. "If I never did another CD, this is the one I will always point to as the one that I was happy with the most," said Owen at the time of its release.[30] Despite this, the album's singles did not fare well in comparison to past successes, with only the title track becoming a top 15 hit, representing the band's last career peak.[21]

text: Alabama announced the American Farewell tour in May 2002 at the Country Music Association Awards (CMAs), encompassing 40 tour dates, sponsorships, special events, and a TV special. Owen spoke then on the decision to part ways: "When you get down to it, there are many, many factors involved — some of them very personal. It's really about the integrity of the group, the dignity of the group."[31] Owen later admitted the group was exhausted after twenty years of nonstop touring and recording, and "everybody needed some time."[9] The tour collected $15 million in box office before it even began, and Alabama performed to packed arenas from June to November 2003.[32][33] Due to "extraordinary fan response and overwhelming ticket demand," the tour was extended for an additional 30 shows, running between February and June 2004.[34] The group performed their "final" show in October 2004 in Bismarck, North Dakota, with Herndon jokingly declaring "I need a job" as the concert closed.[35]

text: 2004–present: Reunions[edit]

text: In the ensuing years, Owen stayed active as a solo act, Cook with his Allstar Goodtime Band and Gentry as a producer and with his band Rockit City.[6] Herndon and the other group members had had a difficult relationship during the band's career.[36] While he was present in each press photo and a photo of him once hung at Alabama's fan club and museum, Owen contended that he was never an official member of the group. He claimed his inclusion in photos was the label's idea, and that Herndon was a paid employee of the band, rather than a member.[36] In May 2008, the other members of the group sued drummer Mark Herndon for $202,670 in money allegedly overpaid to him three years earlier after the band's farewell tour concluded.[37] This money was factored into the net profit and given to Herndon before accounting was completed, an allegation Herndon has denied. The band did not sue Herndon until he requested money from the multiple live albums and songs that the band had released but never paid Herndon for playing on.[37] Owen stated that RCA desired Herndon in the band so their image could be comparable to the Beatles.[9] Despite their troubles, he stated they had no hard feelings in an interview years later: "I don’t have one thing against him in any way in the world."[9]

text: Owen was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2010, but he was later given a clean bill of health, which led to the band's reunion, without Herndon.[9] Following a series of tornadoes destroying homes and businesses throughout their state in 2011, Alabama assembled a benefit concert in Birmingham, called Bama Rising.[9] Featuring the band's first set since 2004, alongside Luke Bryan, Sheryl Crow and Brad Paisley, the concert raised $2.1 million. "I guess we realized that maybe we missed the playing ... and five or six years had gone by and we were like, 'Maybe that wasn't as bad as we remember it being,'" said Gentry.[9] In celebration of the group's 40th anniversary, Alabama resumed touring in 2013 for the Back to the Bowery tour, referencing the Myrtle Beach club where they first became professional musicians.[6] They also undertook a short cruise, The Alabama & Friends Festival at Sea, which left for the Bahamas on Norwegian Cruise Line's Norwegian Pearl ship.[38] In addition, the band released Alabama & Friends, a tribute album encompassing covers from newer artists such as Jason Aldean and Florida Georgia Line, in addition to two new tracks by Alabama.[9]

text: The band released their first new studio album in 14 years, Southern Drawl, on September 18, 2015 via BMG Chrysalis.[39] In 2016, Alabama were selected as one of 30 artists to perform on "Forever Country", a mash-up track of "Take Me Home, Country Roads", "On the Road Again", and "I Will Always Love You" that celebrates 50 years of the CMA Awards.[40]

text: In April 2017, guitarist Jeff Cook announced in a video that he would reduce the number of shows he would be in attendance for while the band was on tour, due to his struggle with Parkinson's. He had been diagnosed four years prior, and this was his first public announcement about his condition. [41]

text: Musical style and influences[edit]

text: Alabama's music mixes both country, rock, and pop, particularly evident in their musical concept: the band was one of the first country bands to achieve significant airplay.[42] Despite their influences from other genres, the band was most inspired by country music, which is most evident in their "harmonies, songwriting, and approach."[42] Stephen Thomas Erlewine writes that the band is "indebted to country, particularly the Bakersfield sound of Merle Haggard, and the sound of Nashville pop."[42] The band echoed its country upbringing in one of its first trade articles: "We're country first and crossover second. If crossovers come, that's great, but we'd rather have a No. 1. country song than be lost in the middle of both country and pop charts," said Owen.[13]

text: By the mid-1980s, the band increasingly moved toward a general pop-rock sound, "going for splashier productions with a more heavily amplified sound."[26] Alabama's lyrics often centered on their homeland. Their first hit single, "Tennessee River", recounts being "born across the river in the mountains I call home," while "Dixieland Delight" chronicles cruising down a rural Tennessee byway.[9]

text: Chart records, sales, and awards[edit]

text: Multiplatinum certifications[edit]

text: Alabama is among the world's best-selling bands of all time, having sold a combined 75 million records worldwide.[43] Alabama's best-selling studio album is Mountain Music (1982), while two greatest hits albums — Greatest Hits (1986) and For the Record (1998) — are among their highest in individual sales, with all three totaling five million in sales.[19] Alabama received multiplatinum success for several albums; albums currently certified quadruple platinum include Feels So Right, The Closer You Get..., and Roll On, while Alabama's double platinum albums include My Home's in Alabama, 40-Hour Week, Alabama Christmas and Greatest Hits Volume III.[19]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Alabama is the most awarded band in the history of country music, with over 200 awards from a variety of organizations.[10] In 1981, Alabama won both the Vocal Group of the Year and Instrumental Group of the Year honors from the CMAs. It also won the ACM's Vocal Group of the Year award, and Billboard's New Group of the Year honors. The group won the CMA's prestigious Entertainer of the Year award for three consecutive years (1982–84), and the ACM's Entertainer of the Year award five times (1982–86).[10] In 1989, Alabama was named Artist of the Decade by the ACM. In addition, Alabama has also received the NARM Gift of Music award, the Alabama Hall of Fame Distinguished Service award, the Country Radio Broadcasters Humanitarian Award, the Prince Matchabelli National Hero Award, the Bob Hope Humanitarian Award, and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[10]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Impact[edit]

text: Alabama has been credited with "substantially broadening country's audience while becoming one of the most popular acts in American musical history" by Michael McCall of The Encyclopedia of Country Music.[7] The band was notable for its three-person lead (as "most other country acts focused on a soloist accompanied by an anonymous band"), their collective hair length and facial hair (which would have been deemed unacceptable just a decade earlier), and their prominent electric bass and drums.[26] They had a slightly edgier sound than other groups, and both played their own instruments and wrote their own songs.[9] Alabama mostly appealed to a younger audience, although their clean-cut image appealed to the more conservative, older country audience as well.[26] Kurt Wolff described the band's appeal: "They're just rebel enough for the young folks, but their parents also dig the boys' pretty harmonies, sentimental soft spots, and old-fashioned family values."[17] Alabama gave prominence to their hometown of Fort Payne, and also raised awareness for environmental issues.[23]

text: The band's incorporation of rock and roll into their sound was an inspiration for groups such as Restless Heart, Shenandoah, Exile, Diamond Rio, Lonestar, Ricochet, and the Mavericks.[7][10] According to Irwin Stambler and Grelun Landon, authors of Country Music: The Encyclopedia, the group's diminishing sales in the late 1980s reflected competition from country bands that would not have received recognition had it not been for Alabama paving the way. For their part, these groups credited Alabama with providing a massive influence on their careers.[23] Prior to Alabama's unprecedented chart success, most country hit singles belonged to solo artists or duets.[4] Many Alabama singles and albums represented crossover appeal on the pop charts.[44]

text: Despite their successes, Alabama's career was loathed by music critics of the day, citing the "vacuous songs and watered-down, middle-of-the-road arrangements" that blurred lines between country and pop.[44] The Baltimore Sun once argued the band "render[s] country music all but indistinguishable from pop" and thus "trivializes some of country's most hallowed traditions."[29] Indeed, reviewers such as Wolff consider the band's "overriding problem" their calculated sound, which leads many contemporary music critics to label the band mediocre.[17]

text: Philanthropy[edit]

text: Beginning in 1982 and continuing until 1997, Alabama sponsored the June Jam, a music festival in Fort Payne, which at its peak drew 60,000 fans and raised millions for local charities.[44] The group also held "Fan Appreciation Days," weekend events that included a golf tournament and a songwriters concert that raised money for charities in Fort Payne.[10] Owen spearheaded "Country Cares for Kids," an annual country radiothon that raised over $70 million for St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee.[10]

text: Band members[edit]

text:
Randy Owen – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1969–2004, 2006–07, 2010–present)
Teddy Gentry – bass guitar, background vocals (1969–2004, 2006–07, 2010–present)
Jeff Cook – lead guitar, background vocals, fiddle, keyboards (1969–2004, 2006–07, 2010–present)

text:
Mark Herndon – drums, percussion (1979–2004)
Rick Scott – drums, percussion (1974–79)
Bennett Vartanian – drums, percussion (1972–74)
Jackie Owen – drums, percussion (1969–72)

text: Discography[edit]

text: Albums[edit]

text:
Wild Country (1976)
Deuces Wild (1977)
Alabama Band No. 3 (1979)
My Home's in Alabama (1980)
Feels So Right (1981)
Mountain Music (1982)
The Closer You Get... (1983)
Roll On (1984)
40-Hour Week (1985)
The Touch (1986)
Just Us (1987)
Southern Star (1989)
Pass It On Down (1990)
American Pride (1992)
Cheap Seats (1993)
In Pictures (1995)
Dancin' on the Boulevard (1997)
Twentieth Century (1999)
When It All Goes South (2001)
Songs of Inspiration (2006)
Songs of Inspiration II (2007)
Angels Among Us: Hymns and Gospel Favorites (2014)
Southern Drawl (2015)

text: Number one singles[edit]

text: Alabama amassed over 40 number one hit singles (on a variety of industry charts) and 12 top-10 albums, including ten that peaked at number one on Billboard's Top Country Albums chart. The group had 33 number ones on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart,[45] which are as follows:[46]

text:
1980 : "Tennessee River"; "Why Lady Why"
1981 : "Old Flame"; "Feels So Right"; "Love in the First Degree"
1982 : "Mountain Music"; "Take Me Down"; "Close Enough to Perfect"
1983 : "Dixieland Delight"; "The Closer You Get"; "Lady Down on Love"
1984 : "Roll On (Eighteen Wheeler)"; "When We Make Love"; "If You're Gonna Play in Texas (You Gotta Have a Fiddle in the Band)"
1985 : "(There's A) Fire in the Night"; "There's No Way"; "40 Hour Week (For a Livin')"; "Can't Keep a Good Man Down"
1986 : "She and I"; "Touch Me When We're Dancing"
1987 : "'You've Got' the Touch"
1988 : "Face to Face" (duet with K.T. Oslin); "Fallin' Again"
1989 : "Song of the South"; "If I Had You"; "High Cotton"
1990 : "Southern Star"; "Jukebox in My Mind"
1991 : "Forever's as Far as I'll Go"; "Down Home"
1992 : "I'm in a Hurry (And Don't Know Why)"
1993 : "Reckless"[45]
2011 : "Old Alabama" (with Brad Paisley)[45]