document_title: Second Great Awakening

question_text: the evangelical religion which spread after the second great awakening

root

text: Second Great Awakening

text: Spread of revivals[edit]

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text:
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text: Background[edit]

text: Like the First Great Awakening a half century earlier, the Second reflected Romanticism characterized by enthusiasm, emotion, and an appeal to the super-natural.[3] It rejected the skepticism, deism, and rationalism left over from the Enlightenment.[4] At about the same time, similar movements flourished in Europe. Pietism was sweeping German countries.[5] Evangelicalism was waxing strong in England.[6]

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text: The Second Great Awakening occurred in several episodes and over different denominations; however, the revivals were very similar.[4] As the most effective form of evangelizing during this period, revival meetings cut across geographical boundaries,[7] and the movement quickly spread throughout Kentucky, Tennessee and southern Ohio. Each denomination had assets that allowed it to thrive on the frontier. The Methodists had an efficient organization that depended on itinerant ministers, known as circuit riders, who sought out people in remote frontier locations. The circuit riders came from among the common people, which helped them establish rapport with the frontier families they hoped to convert.

text: Theology[edit]

text: Postmillennialism theology dominated American Protestantism in the first half of the 19th century. Postmillennialists believed that Christ will return to earth after the "millennium", which could entail either a literal 1,000 years or a figurative "long period" of peace and happiness. Christians thus had a duty to purify society in preparation for that return. This duty extended beyond American borders to include Christian Restorationism. George Fredrickson argues that Postmillennial theology "was an impetus to the promotion of Progressive reforms, as historians have frequently pointed out."[8] During the Second Great Awakening of the 1830s, some diviners expected the millennium to arrive in a few years. By the 1840s, however, the great day had receded to the distant future, and postmillennialism became a more passive religious dimension of the wider middle-class pursuit of reform and progress.[8]

text: Burned-over district[edit]

text: In the early nineteenth century, western New York State was called the "burned-over district" because of the highly publicized revivals that crisscrossed the region.[9][10] Charles Finney, a leading revivalist active in the area, coined the term.[11] Linda K. Pritchard uses statistical data to show that compared to the rest of New York State, the Ohio River Valley in the lower Midwest, and the country as a whole, the religiosity of the Burned-over District was typical rather than exceptional.[12]

text: West and Tidewater South[edit]

text: On the American Frontier, evangelical denominations sent missionary preachers and exhorters out to the people in the backcountry, which supported the growth of membership among Methodists and Baptists. Revivalists' techniques were based on the camp meeting, with its Scottish Presbyterian roots. Most of the Scots-Irish immigrants before the American Revolutionary War settled in the backcountry of Pennsylvania and down the spine of the Appalachian Mountains.[13]

text: These denominations were based on an interpretation of man's spiritual equality before God, which led them to recruit members and preachers from a wide range of classes and all races. Baptists and Methodist revivals were successful in some parts of the Tidewater in the South, where an increasing number of common planters, plain folk, and slaves were converted.

text: West[edit]

text: In the newly settled frontier regions, the revival was implemented through camp meetings. These often provided the first encounter for some settlers with organized religion, and they were important as social venues. The camp meeting was a religious service of several days' length with preachers. Settlers in thinly populated areas gathered at the camp meeting for fellowship as well as worship. The sheer exhilaration of participating in a religious revival with crowds of hundreds and perhaps thousands of people inspired the dancing, shouting, and singing associated with these events. The revivals followed an arc of great emotional power, with an emphasis of the individual's sins and need to turn to Christ, restored by a sense of personal salvation. Upon their return home, most converts joined or created small local churches, which grew rapidly.[14] The Second Great Awakening marked a religious transition in society in America. Many Americans from the Calvinist sect emphasized man's inability to save themselves and that their only way to be saved was from grace from God.[15]

text: The Revival of 1800 in Logan County, Kentucky, began as a traditional Presbyterian sacramental occasion. The first informal camp meeting began there in June, when people began camping on the grounds of the Red River Meeting House. Subsequent meetings followed at the nearby Gasper River and Muddy River congregations, all three under the ministry of James McGready. One year later, an even larger sacrament occasion was held at Cane Ridge, Kentucky under Barton Stone, attracting perhaps as many as 20,000 people. Numerous Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist ministers participated in the services. Thanks to such leaders as Barton W. Stone (1772–1844) and Alexander Campbell (1788–1866), the camp meeting revival became a major mode of church expansion for the Methodists and Baptists.[16]

text: The Cumberland Presbyterian Church emerged in Kentucky. Cane Ridge was also instrumental in fostering what became known as the Restoration Movement. This was made up of non-denominational churches committed to what they saw as the original, fundamental Christianity of the New Testament. They were committed to individuals' achieving a personal relationship with Christ. Churches with roots in this movement include the Churches of Christ, Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), and the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada[17]

text: Church membership soars[edit]

text: The Methodist circuit riders and local Baptist preachers made enormous gains; to a lesser extent the Presbyterians gained members, particularly with the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in sparsely settled areas. As a result, the numerical strength of the Baptists and Methodists rose relative to that of the denominations dominant in the colonial period—the Anglicans, Presbyterians, Congregationalists. Among the new denominations that grew from the religious ferment of the Second Great Awakening are the Churches of Christ, Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the Evangelical Christian Church in Canada.[17][18] The converts during the Second Great Awakening were predominantly female. A 1932 source estimated at least three female converts to every two male converts between 1798 and 1826. Young people (those under 25) also converted in greater numbers, and were the first to convert.[19]

text: Subgroups[edit]

text: Adventism[edit]

text:
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text: The Advent Movement emerged in the 1830s and 1840s in North America, and was preached by ministers such as William Miller, whose followers became known as Millerites. The name refers to belief in the soon Second Advent of Jesus (popularly known as the Second coming) and resulted in several major religious denominations, including Seventh-day Adventists and Advent Christians.[20]

text: Holiness movement[edit]

text:
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text: Though its roots are in the First Great Awakening and earlier, a re-emphasis on Wesleyan teachings on sanctification emerged during the Second Great Awakening, leading to a distinction between Mainline Methodism and Holiness churches.

text: Restoration Movement[edit]

text: The idea of restoring a "primitive" form of Christianity grew in popularity in the U.S. after the American Revolution.[21]:89–94 This desire to restore a purer form of Christianity without an elaborate hierarchy contributed to the development of many groups during the Second Great Awakening, including the Mormons, Baptists and Shakers.[21]:89 Several factors made the restoration sentiment particularly appealing during this time period:[21]:90–94

text:
To immigrants in the early 19th century, the land in the United States seemed pristine, edenic and undefiled – "the perfect place to recover pure, uncorrupted and original Christianity" – and the tradition-bound European churches seemed out of place in this new setting.[21]:90
A primitive faith based on the Bible alone promised a way to sidestep the competing claims of the many denominations available and for congregations to find assurance of being right without the security of an established national church.[21]:93

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text: The Restoration Movement began during, and was greatly influenced by, the Second Great Awakening.[22]:368 While the leaders of one of the two primary groups making up this movement, Thomas Campbell and Alexander Campbell, resisted what they saw as the spiritual manipulation of the camp meetings, the revivals contributed to the development of the other major branch, led by Barton W. Stone.[22]:368 The Southern phase of the Awakening "was an important matrix of Barton Stone's reform movement" and shaped the evangelistic techniques used by both Stone and the Campbells.[22]:368

text: Culture and society[edit]

text: Efforts to apply Christian teaching to the resolution of social problems presaged the Social Gospel of the late 19th century. Converts were taught that to achieve salvation they needed not just to repent personal sin but also work for the moral perfection of society, which meant eradicating sin in all its forms. Thus, evangelical converts were leading figures in a variety of 19th century reform movements.[23]

text: Congregationalists set up missionary societies to evangelize the western territory of the northern tier. Members of these groups acted as apostles for the faith, and also as educators and exponents of northeastern urban culture. The Second Great Awakening served as an "organizing process" that created "a religious and educational infrastructure" across the western frontier that encompassed social networks, a religious journalism that provided mass communication, and church-related colleges.[22]:368 Publication and education societies promoted Christian education; most notable among them was the American Bible Society, founded in 1816. Women made up a large part of these voluntary societies.[24] The Female Missionary Society and the Maternal Association, both active in Utica, NY, were highly organized and financially sophisticated women's organizations responsible for many of the evangelical converts of the New York frontier.[25]

text: There were also societies that broadened their focus from traditional religious concerns to larger societal ones. These organizations were primarily sponsored by affluent women. They did not stem entirely from the Second Great Awakening, but the revivalist doctrine and the expectation that one's conversion would lead to personal action accelerated the role of women's social benevolence work.[26] Social activism influenced abolition groups and supporters of the Temperance movement. They began efforts to reform prisons and care for the handicapped and mentally ill. They believed in the perfectibility of people and were highly moralistic in their endeavors.

text: Slaves and free Africans[edit]

text:
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text: Baptists and Methodists in the South preached to slaveholders and slaves alike. Conversions and congregations started with the First Great Awakening, resulting in Baptist and Methodist preachers being authorized among slaves and free African Americans more than a decade before 1800. "Black Harry" Hosier, an illiterate freedman who drove Francis Asbury on his circuits, proved to be able to memorize large passages of the Bible verbatim and became a cross-over success, as popular among white audiences as the black ones Asbury had originally intended for him to minister.[27] His sermon at Thomas Chapel in Chapeltown, Delaware, in 1784 was the first to be delivered by a black preacher directly to a white congregation.[28]

text: Despite being called the "greatest orator in America" by Benjamin Rush[29] and one of the best in the world by Bishop Thomas Coke,[28] Hosier was repeatedly passed over for ordination and permitted no vote during his attendance at the Christmas Conference that formally established American Methodism. Richard Allen, the other black attendee, was ordained by the Methodists in 1799, but his congregation of free African Americans in Philadelphia left the church there because of its discrimination. They founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME) in Philadelphia. After first submitting to oversight by the established Methodist bishops, several AME congregations finally left to form the first independent African-American denomination in the United States in 1816. Soon after, the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church (AME Zion) was founded as another denomination in New York City.

text: Early Baptist congregations were formed by slaves and free African Americans in South Carolina and Virginia. Especially in the Baptist Church, African Americans were welcomed as members and as preachers. By the early 19th century, independent African American congregations numbered in the several hundred in some cities of the South, such as Charleston, South Carolina, and Richmond and Petersburg, Virginia.[30] With the growth in congregations and churches, Baptist associations formed in Virginia, for instance, as well as Kentucky and other states.

text: The revival also inspired slaves to demand freedom. In 1800, out of African American revival meetings in Virginia, a plan for slave rebellion was devised by Gabriel Prosser, although the rebellion was discovered and crushed before it started.[31] Despite white attempts to control independent African American congregations, especially after the Nat Turner Uprising of 1831, a number of African American congregations managed to maintain their separation as independent congregations in Baptist associations. State legislatures passed laws requiring them always to have a white man present at their worship meetings.[30]

text: Women[edit]

text: Women, who made up the majority of converts during the Awakening, played a crucial role in its development and focus. It is not clear why women converted in larger numbers than men. Various scholarly theories attribute the discrepancy to a reaction to the perceived sinfulness of youthful frivolity, an inherent greater sense of religiosity in women, a communal reaction to economic insecurity, or an assertion of the self in the face of patriarchal rule. Husbands, especially in the South, sometimes disapproved of their wives' conversion, forcing women to choose between submission to God or their spouses. Church membership and religious activity gave women peer support and place for meaningful activity outside the home, providing many women with communal identity and shared experiences.[32]

text: Despite the predominance of women in the movement, they were not formally indoctrinated or given leading ministerial positions. However, women took other public roles; for example, relaying testimonials about their conversion experience, or assisting sinners (both male and female) through the conversion process. Leaders such as Charles Finney saw women's public prayer as a crucial aspect in preparing a community for revival and improving their efficacy in conversion.[33] Women also took crucial roles in the conversion and religious upbringing of children. During the period of revival, mothers were seen as the moral and spiritual foundation of the family, and were thus tasked with instructing children in matters of religion and ethics.[34]

text: The greatest change in women's roles stemmed from participation in newly formalized missionary and reform societies. Women's prayer groups were an early and socially acceptable form of women's organization. Through their positions in these organizations, women gained influence outside of the private sphere.[35][36]

text: Changing demographics of gender also affected religious doctrine. In an effort to give sermons that would resonate with the congregation, ministers stressed Christ's humility and forgiveness, in what the historian Barbara Welter calls a "feminization" of Christianity.[37]

text: Prominent figures[edit]

text:
Richard Allen, founder, African Methodist Episcopal Church
Francis Asbury, Methodist, circuit rider and founder of the Methodist Episcopal Church
Henry Ward Beecher, Congregationalist
Lyman Beecher, Presbyterian, his father
Antoinette Brown Blackwell, Congregationalist & later Unitarian, the first ordained female minister in the United States
Alexander Campbell, Presbyterian, and early leader of the Restoration Movement
Thomas Campbell Presbyterian, then early leader of the Restoration Movement
Peter Cartwright, Methodist
Lorenzo Dow, Methodist
Timothy Dwight IV, Congregationalist
Charles Finney, Presbyterian & anti-Calvinist
"Black Harry" Hosier, Methodist, the first African American to preach to a white congregation
Ann Lee, Shakers
Jarena Lee, Methodist, a female AME circuit rider
Robert Matthews, cult following as Matthias the Prophet
William Miller, Millerism, forerunner of Adventism
Asahel Nettleton, Reformed
Benjamin Randall, Free Will Baptist
Joseph Smith, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Barton Stone, Presbyterian non-Calvinist, then early leader of the Restoration Movement
Nathaniel William Taylor, heterodox Calvinist
Ellen G. White, Seventh-day Adventist Church

text: Political implications[edit]

text: Revivals and perfectionist hopes of improving individuals and society continued to increase from 1840 to 1865 across all major denominations, especially in urban areas. Evangelists often directly addressed issues such as slavery, greed, and poverty, laying the groundwork for later reform movements.[1] The influence of the Awakening continued in the form of more secular movements.[38] In the midst of shifts in theology and church polity, American Christians began progressive movements to reform society during this period. Known commonly as antebellum reform, this phenomenon included reforms in against the consumption of alcohol, for women's rights and abolition of slavery, and a multitude of other issues faced by society.[39]

text: The religious enthusiasm of the Second Great Awakening was echoed by the new political enthusiasm of the Second Party System.[40] More active participation in politics by more segments of the population brought religious and moral issues into the political sphere. The spirit of evangelical humanitarian reforms was carried on in the antebellum Whig party.[41]

text: Historians stress the understanding common among participants of reform as being a part of God's plan. As a result, local churches saw their roles in society in purifying the world through the individuals to whom they could bring salvation, and through changes in the law and the creation of institutions. Interest in transforming the world was applied to mainstream political action, as temperance activists, antislavery advocates, and proponents of other variations of reform sought to implement their beliefs into national politics. While Protestant religion had previously played an important role on the American political scene, the Second Great Awakening strengthened the role it would play.[1]


document_title: Governor of Puerto Rico

question_text: who is the elected governor of puerto rico

text: Governor of Puerto Rico

text: History[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The first known and recorded heads of government in the history of Puerto Rico were the caciques, the tribal chiefs of the natives known as Taínos that inhabited the island before the arrival of Spaniards. It is believed that the cacique rank was apparently established through democratic means. His importance in the tribe was determined by the size of his tribe rather than his warlord skills, since the Taínos were mostly a pacifist culture. Agüeybaná I is the most-well known cacique as he was the one governing all others when the Spaniards arrived in 1493 although many others existed during his period, as well as before and after him.

text: Juan Ponce de León was appointed as the first Governor of Puerto Rico in 1508 and assumed the post in 1510.[citation needed] In 1579, after several others had already served as governor, Juan Ponce de León II became the first person born in Puerto Rico to assume, temporarily, the governorship of Puerto Rico. He served until, who assumed the governorship of the island that same year.[3]

text: In 1948, Luis Muñoz Marín became the first Puerto Rican elected Governor of Puerto Rico.

text: Powers[edit]

text: The governor is head of the government of Puerto Rico. He has the power to veto any number of projects that the Puerto Rican Legislature wishes to pass. The governor also has the power to appoint the members of his cabinet, who in turn must be ratified by the Legislature. The governor also has the power to appoint Justices to the Supreme Court and all the lower courts of the island.

text: The governor must address the legislature at the beginning of each year to present two speeches, one is the State of the Commonwealth speech and another in which the governor presents the "Recommended Budget" for the next fiscal year, in which the governor proposes to the state legislature a budget for the consideration of said body. He is also the commander-in-chief of the Puerto Rico National Guard and the chief diplomat.

text: Eligibility[edit]

text: On July 25, 1952, the Constitution of Puerto Rico was enacted by Governor Muñoz Marín after the approval by Congress and the President of the United States.  Pursuant to section Three, Article IV of the Constitution of Puerto Rico, the governor must be a citizen of the United States, a resident of Puerto Rico for five consecutive years prior and at least 35 years old at the time of the election.

text: The governor serves a four-year term which begins on the second day of January after the year of his election and ends on the date his successor takes office. Consecutive service is unlimited, according to the Constitution of the Island. As an example Luis Muñoz Marín, its first elected governor, served for four consecutive terms from 1949 to 1965; the Constitution of the Commonwealth was ratified by the people of Puerto Rico in 1952.

text: Elections[edit]

text: The governor is elected by a direct vote from the people. The Puerto Rico Elections Code states that if the margin of victory of a candidate is less than 0.5% of the votes a full recount of the election must take place. So far, only in the gubernatorial elections of 1980 and 2004 has a recount taken place.

text: The last elected governor was Ricardo Rosselló who was sworn into office on January 2, 2017 at the age of 37.

text: Succession[edit]

text: Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office (by impeachment and conviction) of a sitting governor, the Secretary of State would then take the office of governor until the end of the four-year term. In case the Secretary of State is unwilling or unable to assume it, the Secretary of Justice would temporarily assume the governorship, followed by the Secretary of Treasury, the Secretary of Education, the Secretary of Labor and Human Resources, the Secretary of Transportation and Public Works, the Secretary of Economic Development and Commerce, the Secretary of Health and the Secretary of Agriculture, until the Legislative Assembly meets to elect by majority vote of all of its members a governor for the rest of the term. Other provisions exist for the transition between an incumbent governor and a governor-elect.[4]

text: Contrary to some U.S. states, if the governor is temporarily away from Puerto Rico, the Secretary of State, or in his absence the highest ranking Cabinet member in the line of succession, becomes acting governor until the governor's return.  In decades past, when off-island gubernatorial travel was infrequent, the powers of the governorship rarely devolved upon the Secretary of State or other Cabinet officers.  More accessible travel  have turned the acting governorship a much more common occurrence.  During recent times, not only Secretary of State frequently served as acting governor, but the Secretary of Justice, and Secretary of Treasury as well.


document_title: Finding Dory

question_text: who does the octopus voice in finding dory

text: Finding Dory

text: Plot[edit]

text: Dory, a regal blue tang, gets separated from her parents as a child. As she grows up, Dory attempts to search for them, but gradually forgets them due to her short-term memory loss. In the flashback of the previous film, Finding Nemo, she joins Marlin – a clownfish looking for his missing son Nemo – after accidentally swimming into him.

text: One year later, Dory is living with Marlin and Nemo on their reef. One day, Dory has a flashback and remembers that she has parents. She decides to look for them, but her memory problem is an obstacle. She eventually remembers that they lived at the Jewel of Morro Bay across the ocean in California.

text: Marlin and Nemo accompany Dory. With the help of Crush, a sea turtle friend, they ride a water current to California. Upon arrival, Dory accidentally awakens a squid, who immediately pursues them and almost devours Nemo. Marlin berates Dory for endangering them. Her feelings hurt, Dory travels to the surface to seek help and is captured by staff members from the nearby Marine Life Institute after getting entangled in six pack rings.

text: Dory is placed in the quarantine section and tagged. There she meets a grouchy but well-meaning octopus named Hank. Dory's tag shows that she will be sent to an aquarium in Cleveland. Due to a traumatic ocean life, Hank wants to live in the aquarium instead of being released back into the ocean, so he agrees to help Dory find her parents in exchange for her tag. In one exhibit, Dory encounters her childhood friend Destiny, a nearsighted whale shark who used to communicate with Dory through pipes, and Bailey, a beluga whale who mistakenly believes he has lost his ability to echolocate. Dory subsequently has flashbacks of life with her parents and struggles to recall details. She finally remembers how she was separated from her parents: she overheard her mother crying one night, left to retrieve a shell to cheer her up, and was pulled away by an undertow current.

text: Marlin and Nemo attempt to rescue Dory. With the help of two sea lions named Fluke and Rudder and a disfigured common loon named Becky, they manage to get into the institute and find her in the pipe system. Other blue tangs tell them that Dory's parents escaped from the institute a long time ago to search for her and never came back, leaving Dory believing that they have died. Hank retrieves Dory from the tank, accidentally leaving Marlin and Nemo behind. He is then apprehended by one of the employees and unintentionally drops Dory into the drain, flushing her out to the ocean. While wandering aimlessly, she comes across a trail of shells; remembering that when she was young, her parents had set out a similar trail to help her find her way back home, she follows it. At the end of the trail, Dory finds an empty home with multiple shell trails leading to it. As she turns to leave, she sees her parents Jenny and Charlie in the distance. They tell her they spent years laying down the trails for her to follow in the hopes that she would eventually find them.

text: Marlin, Nemo, and Hank end up in the truck taking various aquatic creatures to Cleveland. Destiny and Bailey escape from their exhibit to help Dory rescue them. Once on board the truck, Dory persuades Hank to return to the sea with her, and together, they hijack the truck and drive it over busy highways, creating havoc, before crashing it into the ocean, freeing all the fish. Dory, along with her parents and new friends, return to the reef with Marlin and Nemo.

text: In a post-credits scene, the Tank Gang from Finding Nemo, still trapped inside their (now algae-covered) plastic bags, reach California one year after floating across the Pacific Ocean, where they are eventually picked up by staff members from the Marine Life Institute.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Ellen DeGeneres as Dory, a regal blue tang who suffers from short-term memory loss.

Sloane Murray as Young Dory. Murray is the seven-year-old daughter of producer Lindsey Collins.[12]
Lucia Geddes as Teen Dory.

Albert Brooks as Marlin, an overprotective ocellaris clownfish, Nemo's father and Dory's friend.
Hayden Rolence as Nemo, a young optimistic clownfish and Marlin's son.
Ed O'Neill as Hank, a cranky East Pacific red octopus who previously lost a tentacle.
Kaitlin Olson as Destiny, a near-sighted whale shark and Dory's childhood friend.
Ty Burrell as Bailey, a beluga whale who temporarily lost echolocation due to a concussion.
Diane Keaton as Jenny, Dory's mother.
Eugene Levy as Charlie, Dory's father.
Idris Elba as Fluke, a California sea lion.
Dominic West as Rudder, a California sea lion and Fluke's friend.
Bob Peterson as Mr. Ray, a spotted eagle ray and Nemo's schoolteacher.
Andrew Stanton as Crush, a green sea turtle.
Sigourney Weaver as herself, the announcer for the recorded messages broadcast over the institute's public address system.
Bill Hader as Stan, a kelp bass and husband fish.
Kate McKinnon as Stan's wife fish.
Alexander Gould as Passenger Carl, a delivery truck driver who works for the institute.
Torbin Xan Bullock as Gerald, a California sea lion who wishes to lie on the rock occupied by Fluke and Rudder.
Katherine Ringgold as Chickenfish, named Kathy.
Bennett Dammann as Squirt, Crush's son.
John Ratzenberger as Husband Crab (Bill).
Angus MacLane as Sunfish "Charlie Back-and-Forth".
Willem Dafoe as Gill, a Moorish idol, the leader of the "Tank Gang."
Brad Garrett as Bloat, a pufferfish.
Allison Janney as Peach, a pink starfish.
Austin Pendleton as Gurgle, a royal gramma.
Stephen Root as Bubbles, a yellow tang.
Vicki Lewis as Deb (& Flo), a four-striped damselfish.
Jerome Ranft as Jacques, a cleaner shrimp.

text: Production[edit]

text: Prior to work on Finding Dory, Disney had planned to make a Finding Nemo sequel without Pixar's involvement, through Circle 7 Animation, a studio Disney announced in 2005 with the intention to make sequels to Pixar properties.[13][14] However, due to the 2006 acquisition of Pixar by Disney, Circle 7 was shut down by Disney without ever having produced a film.[15]

text: In July 2012, it was reported that Andrew Stanton was developing a sequel to Finding Nemo,[16] with Victoria Strouse writing the script and a release date scheduled for 2016.[17] However, the same day the news of a potential sequel broke, Stanton posted a message on his personal Twitter calling into question the accuracy of these reports. The message said, "Didn't you all learn from Chicken Little? Everyone calm down. Don't believe everything you read. Nothing to see here now. #skyisnotfalling."[18] According to a report by The Hollywood Reporter published in August 2012, Ellen DeGeneres was in negotiations to reprise her role of Dory.[19] In September 2012, it was confirmed by Stanton, saying: "What was immediately on the list was writing a second Carter movie. When that went away, everything slid up. I know I'll be accused by more sarcastic people that it's a reaction to Carter not doing well, but only in its timing, but not in its conceit."[20] In February 2013, it was confirmed by the press that Albert Brooks would reprise the role of Marlin in the sequel.[21]

text: In April 2013, Disney announced the sequel, Finding Dory, for November 25, 2015, confirming that DeGeneres and Brooks would be reprising their roles as Dory and Marlin, respectively.[22] Following a long campaign for a sequel on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, DeGeneres stated:

text: I have waited for this day for a long, long, long, long, long, long time. I'm not mad it took this long. I know the people at Pixar were busy creating Toy Story 16. But the time they took was worth it. The script is fantastic. And it has everything I loved about the first one: It's got a lot of heart, it's really funny, and the best part is—it's got a lot more Dory.[22]

text: In a July 2013 interview with Los Angeles Times, Stanton spoke of the sequel's origin: "There was polite inquiry from Disney [about a Finding Nemo sequel]. I was always 'No sequels, no sequels.' But I had to get on board from a VP standpoint. [Sequels] are part of the necessity of our staying afloat, but we don't want to have to go there for those reasons. We want to go there creatively, so we said [to Disney], 'Can you give us the timeline about when we release them? Because we'd like to release something we actually want to make, and we might not come up with it the year you want it.'"[23]

text: In a 2016 interview Stanton stated how the film's story came to be; "I don't watch my films that often after they're done because I have to watch them so many times before they come out. So about 2010 when we were getting Finding Nemo ready for the 10-year re-release in 3D, it was interesting to watch again after all that time. Something kind of got lodged in the back of my brain and started to sort of stew. I started to think about how easily Dory could get lost and not find Marlin and Nemo again. She basically was in the same state that she was when Marlin found her. I didn't know where she was from. I knew that she had spent most of her youth wandering the ocean alone, and I wanted to know that she could find her new family, if she ever got lost again. It's almost like the parental side of me was worried." Stanton additionally stated: "I knew if I ever said Finding Dory or mentioned a sequel to Finding Nemo out loud, I’d be done, [T]here would be no way I'd be able to put that horse back in the barn. So I kept it very quiet until I knew I had a story that I thought would hold, and that was in early 2012. So I pitched it to John Lasseter and he was all into it. Then I got a writer, and once we had a treatment that we kind of liked, I felt comfortable calling Ellen."[24]

text: Stanton selected Victoria Strouse to write the screenplay. She later said, "It was always collaborative with Andrew, but really the screenwriting was me. Of course, Andrew would do passes, and he and I would brainstorm a lot together and then we would bring it to the group of story artists. People would weigh in and share ideas."[25] She pointed to Dory's forgetfulness as a challenge when writing the script, adding, "You don't realize until you sit down to write a character who can't remember things how integral memory is to absolutely everything we do, and that's what creates a narrative that people can follow. When a main character can't self-reflect and can't tell a story, that character is very difficult to design because she can't really lead. To get her to be able to lead and to get an audience to be able to trust her was the hardest thing to do."[25]

text: The fictional Marine Life Institute depicted extensively in the film is based on the production team's research trips to the Monterey Bay Aquarium, the Marine Mammal Center and the Vancouver Aquarium.[26]

text: The film's ending was revised after Pixar executives viewed Blackfish, a 2013 documentary film which focuses on the dangers of keeping orca whales in captivity. Initially, some of the characters were to end up in a SeaWorld-like marine park, but the revision gave them an option to leave.[27][28] On September 18, 2013, it was announced that the film would be pushed back to a June 17, 2016, release. Pixar's The Good Dinosaur was moved to the November 25, 2015, release window to allow more time for production of the film.[29]

text: Angus MacLane was one of the first people to whom Stanton revealed his idea for the sequel. Together, with Bob Peterson, they discussed about different ideas for places Dory would visit during her journey—one of those ideas was the touch pool sequence. Later, during the Brave (2012) wrap party, Stanton invited Angus to join him in his first co-directing duty. Stanton described Angus' role as a "jack of all trades," particularly utilising his experience in animation and story, as well as in production, having created a few short films himself.[30]

text: In August 2015, at Disney's D23 Expo, it was announced that Hayden Rolence would voice Nemo, replacing Alexander Gould from the first film, whose voice has deepened since reaching adulthood (Gould voiced a minor character in the sequel instead).[31][32] In addition to Rolence, Ed O'Neill was revealed to be the voice of Hank.[31]

text: To make the light more realistic, RenderMan was completely re-engineered, its biggest change in 25 years.[33]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Finding Dory

Soundtrack album by Thomas Newman

Released
June 14, 2016

Recorded
2015–16

Studio
DeepSleep Studios
Newman Scoring Stage
Sony Pictures Studios
The Village

Genre
Soundtrack

Length
68:20

Label
Walt Disney

Producer

Thomas Newman
Bill Bernstein

Thomas Newman chronology

Spectre
(2015)Spectre2015
Finding Dory
(2016)
Passengers
(2016)Passengers2016

Pixar film soundtrack chronology

The Good Dinosaur
(2015) The Good Dinosaur2015
Finding Dory
(2016) Finding Dory2016
Cars 3
(2017) Cars 32017

Singles from Finding Dory

"Unforgettable"
Released: May 27, 2016

text: The film's soundtrack entitled Finding Dory was composed by Thomas Newman and released on June 17, 2016.[34][35] Louis Armstrong's version of "What a Wonderful World" is played during the scene in which fish are released into the ocean as the truck Dory and Hank are driving crashes into the water.[36] On May 20, 2016, Sia performed a cover of Nat King Cole's "Unforgettable" on The Ellen DeGeneres Show following an announcement that it would be featured in the film.[36]

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Performer
Length

1.
"Kelpcake"

0:46

2.
"Finding Dory (Main Title)"

0:55

3.
"Lost at Sea"

1:36

4.
"One Year Later"

2:24

5.
"Migration Song"

0:35

6.
""O, We're Going Home""

1:38

7.
"Jewel of Morro Bay"

2:00

8.
"Gnarly Chop"

1:39

9.
"Squid Chase"

1:28

10.
"Sigourney Weaver"

1:21

11.
"Hank"

3:19

12.
"Nobody's Fine"

3:29

13.
"Rebecca Darling"

1:54

14.
"Meet Destiny"

1:07

15.
"Joker at Work"

1:16

16.
"Becky Flies"

3:53

17.
"Hands!"

2:24

18.
"Almost Home"

2:01

19.
"Open Ocean"

3:18

20.
"Two Lefts and a Right"

3:57

21.
"Everything About You"

1:41

22.
"Quarantine"

2:41

23.
"Warp"

1:03

24.
"All Alone"

0:53

25.
"...Shells"

4:47

26.
"No Walls"

2:25

27.
"Okay with Crazy"

1:50

28.
"Hide and Seek"

1:51

29.
"Quite a View"

1:25

30.
"Unforgettable (End Title)"
Sia Furler
3:17

31.
"Three Hearts (End Title)"

3:29

32.
"Loon Tune"

1:20

33.
"Fish Who Wander"

1:18

34.
"Release"

1:13

text: Release[edit]

text: Finding Dory premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles on June 8, 2016, and was theatrically released in the United States on June 17, 2016, in 2D, Disney Digital 3-D and RealD 3D.[5][6] It was also released to select IMAX 3D theaters.[37] In April 2016, it was announced that a new Pixar short, Piper, directed by Alan Barillaro and with music by Adrian Belew, would be shown in front of the film.[38] It had its UK premiere at the Edinburgh International Film Festival on June 18, 2016.[39][40]

text: The film was re-released for Labor Day weekend in 2016.[41]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Finding Dory was released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on Blu-ray (2D and 3D) and DVD in the United States on November 15, 2016, with a digital release on October 25. In addition to Piper, the bonus features also included a short film, titled Marine Life Interviews, featuring interviews with the inhabitants of the Marine Life Institute about their encounters with Dory.[42]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Finding Dory grossed $486.3 million in the U.S. and Canada and $542.3 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $1.029 billion, against a budget of $200 million.[4] It had a worldwide opening of $185.7 million, which is the second-biggest of all time for an animated film behind Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs ($218.4 million), and an IMAX global opening of $6.4 million.[43][44][45] On August 16, it became the fourth film of 2016 to earn $900 million in ticket sales,[46] and on October 9—its seventeenth weekend—it passed the $1 billion threshold, becoming the third film of 2016 after Captain America: Civil War and Zootopia to reach that mark, the second Pixar film (after Toy Story 3), the fifth animated film (after Toy Story 3, Frozen, Minions, and Zootopia), the twelfth Disney film (fourth Disney animated film), and the twenty-seventh film overall in cinematic history.[47][48]

text: Worldwide, it is the third-highest-grossing film of 2016 (behind Civil War and Rogue One),[49] the highest-grossing animated film of 2016,[49] the second-highest-grossing Pixar film ever (behind Toy Story 3),[50] the fourth-highest-grossing animated film of all time, and the 25th-highest-grossing film of all time. Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $296.6 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the fourth-most profitable release of 2016.[51]

text: North America[edit]

text: In the United States and Canada, Finding Dory opened on June 17, 2016, alongside Central Intelligence, with projections having the film grossing $110–120 million[52][53][54][55] in its opening weekend, with some estimates going as high as $130 million.[56][57] It received the widest release for a Pixar film (4,305 theaters, breaking Brave's record), of which 3,200 venues were in 3D, along with 425 premium large format locales, approximately 100 IMAX theaters and a handful of Dolby Cinema sites.[54] It was Fandango's top pre-selling animated film of all time, outselling the previous record-holder, Minions.[58] The film grossed $9.2 million from Thursday night previews, a record for both Pixar and any animated film,[59][60] and $54.7 million on its opening day, marking both the biggest opening day and single-day for an animated film. This also marks the first time that an animated film has grossed over $50 million in a single day.[61][62] It went on to gross $135.1 million in its opening weekend, finishing first at the box office and setting the record for the highest opening weekend for both Pixar (breaking Toy Story 3's record) and any animated film (breaking Shrek the Third's record), and became the third-biggest adjusted for inflation.[63] It is also the third-highest opening (excluding Marvel and Star Wars films) for Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures behind Beauty and the Beast ($174.8 million) and Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest ($135.6 million), and is the studio's ninth-biggest debut overall.[43][64][65] It also became the fifth animated film and the fifth film of 2016 to open above $100 million.[66] Morever, its opening also marked the second-biggest for the month of June, behind only Jurassic World.[67] Its opening was 93.8% above Finding Nemo's $70.3 million debut.[68] It further broke the record for the biggest PLF and Cinemark XD opening for an animated film with $10.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively. In IMAX, it made $5 million from 211 theaters,[45] the third-best animated IMAX opening behind Zootopia ($5.2 million) and Toy Story 3 ($8.4 million).[69]

text: Following its record-breaking openings, it scored the biggest Monday for Pixar by grossing $19.6 million (breaking Toy Story 3's $15.6 million) and the best Monday in June for an animated film. However, among all animated films, it is ranked second—behind 2004's Shrek 2, which made $23.4 million on its first Monday,[70][71] and it is also the biggest Tuesday for an animated film with $23.2 million, besting Minions' $16.8 million.[72] It jumped 18.5% over its Monday gross, a rare achievement for a film.[73] It crossed the $200 million mark in its first seven days, becoming the first (and fastest) animated film to pass the said milestone in just a week.[74] It fell only 46% in its second weekend earning $73 million to record the biggest second weekend for an animated film (breaking Shrek 2's $72.2 million previous record), the biggest for Disney and 2016 (surpassing Captain America: Civil War's $72.6 million), and the eighth-biggest second weekend gross of all time overall.[75][76] This was despite facing stiff competition from newcomer Independence Day: Resurgence.[77] It crossed $300 million in 12 days—a new record for an animated film, surpassing the previous record held by Shrek 2 and Toy Story 3 (both of which took 18 days),[78] and became the second animated film of 2016 (after Zootopia), the fourth Disney film of 2016, and the sixth overall film of the year to cross the milestone.[79] It continued to dominate the box office for the third straight weekend, despite competitions from three new wide releases—The Legend of Tarzan, The Purge: Election Year, and fellow Disney release The BFG—after witnessing a 42% decline to $41.8 million in three days and $51.4 million in four days, respectively, during the Independence Day holiday frame.[80] This made it the second time in two years and just the third time since 1992, the July 4 holiday box office was topped by a film in its third weekend of release.[81] It broke another record as it passed the $400 million mark in 21 days, which is the fastest for an animated film, the fastest of 2016, the fastest for the studio, and the fifth-fastest of all time overall. Morever, it became the second film of 2016 (after Captain America: Civil War), the fifth animated film, the ninth film for the studio, and the twenty-fourth film overall to pass the milestone.[82][83] On the following day (July 8), it surpassed Civil War to become the biggest film of the year up until Rogue One took that title in January 2017.[84][85] It dropped out of the top ten in its eighth week.[86]

text: Although the film was finally overtaken by The Secret Life of Pets (and The Legend of Tarzan in second place) in its fourth weekend, it nevertheless passed The Lion King to become the highest-grossing Disney animated film of all time in the same weekend, surpassing the latter which held the record for 15 non-consecutive years.[87] In just 30 days, it overtook Shrek 2 ($441.2 million) to become the highest-grossing animated film of all time, breaking the latter's record of 12 years.[88][89] Four days later, on July 20, it became the first-ever animated film in cinematic history to cross the $450 million mark.[90] As with its predecessor Finding Nemo, the studio expanded the theater count for the film during the Labor Day weekend from 345 theaters to 2,075 theaters, an addition of 1,730 theaters. In 2003, Nemo was expanded from 838 sites to 1,053 locations.[91][92]

text: It became the second-highest-grossing film of 2016 (behind Rogue One),[93] the highest-grossing Pixar film,[50] the second-highest-grossing Walt Disney Pictures release (behind Beauty and the Beast), the highest-grossing Disney animated film, the highest-grossing animated film overall,[94] and the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time.[95]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Internationally, Finding Dory received a staggered release in a span of four months from June to September, with Germany being the last country. This was done in order take advantage of key holidays and competitive dates around the world.[96][97] It was released across 29 countries—which is 32% of its entire international release territories—the same weekend as its U.S. premiere. It made an estimated $50.7 million to take the No. 1 spot at the international box office.[45] In its second weekend, it added $38.7 million from 37 markets, falling in third place behind Independence Day: Resurgence and Now You See Me 2.[96] In the same weekend along with its $73 million take in North America, the film helped Pixar cross the $10 billion mark worldwide since Toy Story (1995).[96] By its fourth weekend, the animated film helped Disney push past the $3 billion mark internationally and $5 billion globally.[98][99]

text: It had the biggest opening for an animated film in Brazil ($7.1 million) and the Netherlands ($2.1 million),[97] and the biggest of all time for a Disney animated or Pixar film in Australia ($7.7 million), the Philippines ($2.1 million), Singapore ($1.3 million), India ($1 million), Indonesia, Peru and Central America, and in Russia it opened with $3.2 million,[45][97] and the second-biggest in the United Kingdom and Ireland ($10.7 million), Mexico ($9.4 million) and Argentina ($3.5 million), and that's despite amidst the latter country's Copa America soccer match, and Colombia ($2.1 million), behind Monsters University.[45][100][101] In the UK and Ireland, the film recorded the second-biggest animated opening of the year with £8.1 million ($10.7 million) from 580 theaters, behind only The Secret Life of Pets. However, if previews are excluded, Finding Dory is ahead. Moreover, it also posted the second-biggest Disney/Pixar opening, behind only Toy Story 3 (fourth-biggest if previews are included), and the seventh-biggest animated opening of all time overall based on pure Friday-to-Sunday gross alone.[101][102][103] It added an additional 43 theaters in its second weekend, after which it added another £3.98 million ($5.1 million) at the weekend, thereby passing the £20 million mark in just 10 days (among Pixar films, only Toy Story 3 reached £20 million faster). It made an impressive £8.15 million during weekdays, from Monday to Thursday resulting in a £2.03 million daily-average gross. According to The Guardian, this was because of the school holidays that prevailed on the weekdays. Otherwise, family films earn the vast majority of their takings on Saturday and Sunday, and showtimes typically reduce on weekdays.[104] It returned to the top of the box office in its fourth weekend[105] and went on to become the highest-grossing film of the summer that year.[106] In Brazil, in addition to recording the biggest Disney/Pixar opening ever, almost twice the previous record held by The Good Dinosaur, it also set a new record for an all-time animated opening, on par with Minions in local currency.[97] In South Korea, it had the biggest opening for a Pixar film with $7.1 million, which is also the second-biggest for a Disney animated film, behind Frozen.[98] In Japan, the film had a two-day weekend opening of $7 million on Saturday and Sunday from 511 screens on 571,000 admissions. For the entire three-day holiday weekend, including Marine Day on Monday July 18, the film earned $11 million on 922,000 admissions. This made it the top western release of the weekend and the biggest foreign opening-weekend in the country of that year.[100][107] It had further number-one openings in Spain ($4.9 million), France ($4.7 million), Hong Kong ($1.9 million; $2.8 million including previews), Taiwan ($1.9 million), Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.[96][98][100] It topped the box office in the Netherlands for three[100] and in Spain and Australia for four consecutive weekends.[98] In Italy, it scored the biggest animated opening of the year with $5.8 million.[108]

text: In China, where Pixar films have been struggling to find broad audiences and accrue lucrative revenues, the film was projected to make around $30 million in its opening weekend.[109] The film ended up grossing $17.7 million—the highest Pixar opening in the country's history—debuting in second place behind Warcraft.[45] It surpassed Monsters University in just seven days to become the biggest Pixar film there with $38.1 million.[97][98] It opened in Germany—its last market—on September 29, where the film delivered a robust opening of $8.4 million, the biggest for any film of 2016 in the country. The film continued to benefit from German Unity Day on October 3.[110] It went on to top the box office there for three straight weekends, tying with Inferno in its third weekend.[111]

text: It is now the highest-grossing Disney animated or Pixar film in Australia (where it is also the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time behind Shrek 2), Bolivia, Brazil, Central America, Colombia, India, Indonesia, New Zealand, Peru, the Philippines, and Trinidad.[98][100][112] It also became the second-highest-grossing Pixar release of all time in South Korea behind Inside Out.[113] Elsewhere, the biggest markets in terms of total earnings were Japan ($66 million), followed by the UK ($56.3 million), China ($38.1 million), Australia ($36.3 million), and Brazil ($34.5 million).[48]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Finding Dory received critical acclaim from critics. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 94% based on 284 reviews and an average rating of 7.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Funny, poignant, and thought-provoking, Finding Dory delivers a beautifully animated adventure that adds another entertaining chapter to its predecessor's classic story."[114] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 77 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[115] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[116]

text: Mike Ryan of Uproxx gave the film a positive review, saying: "I never thought I wanted a sequel to Finding Nemo, but here we are and I'm pretty happy it exists. And, for me, it was a more emotional experience than the first film. Finding Dory got me—it made me cry."[117] A.O. Scott of The New York Times said that while the film lacks "dazzling originality," he overall wrote, "it more than makes up for in warmth, charm and good humor."[118] In his review for Variety, Owen Gleiberman wrote, "It's a film that spills over with laughs (most of them good, a few of them shticky) and tears (all of them earned), supporting characters who are meant to slay us (and mostly do) with their irascible sharp tongues, and dizzyingly extended flights of physical comedy."[119] Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal said that "Finding Dory can be touching, sweet and tender, but it's compulsively, preposterously and steadfastly funny."[120] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and said that the film "brims with humor, heart and animation miracles," despite lacking "the fresh surprise of its predecessor."[121]

text: Environmental controversies and issues[edit]

text: Conservationists warned that, very much like Finding Nemo, the film could lead to uninformed customers buying blue tangs for home aquariums.[122] Blue tangs cannot be bred in captivity and have to be caught in the wild.[123] They are related to surgeonfish and exhibit razor-sharp spines on both sides of the tail that can inflict formidable wounds.[124]

text: While promoting the film, actress Ellen DeGeneres reminded audiences that Nemo and Dory’s real-life home, the Great Barrier Reef, is under enormous threat,[125] mostly due to coral bleaching, a process induced by climate change, which has killed coral reefs on an enormous scale.[126]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

2016
Alliance of Women Film Journalists
Best Animated Film
Andrew Stanton and Angus MacLane
Nominated
[127]
[128]

Best Animated Female
Ellen DeGeneres

British Academy Children's Awards
BAFTA Kids' Vote
Finding Dory
[129]
[130]

Critics' Choice Awards
Best Animated Feature
[131]

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
Best Original Score – Animated Film
Thomas Newman
[132]
[133]

San Francisco Film Critics Circle
Best Animated Feature
Finding Dory
[134]
[135]

St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association
Best Animated Film
[136]

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Summer Movie
Won
[137]

Choice Summer Movie Star: Female
Ellen DeGeneres

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
Best Animated Feature
Finding Dory
Nominated
[138]

Best Voice Performance
Ellen DeGeneres

Women Film Critics Circle
Best Animated Female
Finding Dory
[139]

2017
Annie Awards
Best Animated Feature
[140]

Outstanding Achievement, Character Animation in a Feature Production
Erick Oh

Outstanding Achievement, Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production
Trevor Jimenez

Black Reel Awards
Outstanding Voice Performance
Idris Elba
[141]

British Academy Film Awards
Best Animated Film
Andrew Stanton
[142]

Cinema Audio Society
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Motion Picture – Animated
Scott Curtis, Doc Kane, Nathan Nance, Michael Semanick and Thomas Vicari
Won
[143]

Empire Awards
Best Animated Film
Finding Dory
[144]

Georgia Film Critics Association
Best Animated Film
Andrew Stanton and Lindsey Collins
Nominated
[145]

Golden Tomato Awards
Best Wide Release 2016
Finding Dory
7th Place
[146]

Best Animated Movie 2016
2nd Place

Houston Film Critics Society
Best Animated Feature Film
Nominated
[147]
[148]

2017 Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Animated Movie
Won
[149]

Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie
Ellen DeGeneres

Most Wanted Pet
Nominated

#Squad
Ellen DeGeneres, Albert Brooks, Kaitlin Olson, Hayden Rolence, Willem Dafoe, Ed O'Neill, Ty Burrell and Eugene Levy
Won

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance
Idris Elba
Nominated
[150]

Online Film Critics Society
Best Animated Film
Finding Dory
[151]

People's Choice Awards
Favorite Movie
Won
[152]

Favorite Family Movie

Favorite Animated Movie Voice
Ellen DeGeneres

Producers Guild of America
Best Animated Motion Picture
Lindsey Collins
Nominated
[153]

Satellite Awards
Best Animated or Mixed Media Feature
Finding Dory
[154]

Saturn Awards
Best Animated Film
Won
[155]

Village Voice Film Poll
Best Animated Feature
7th Place
[156]

Visual Effects Society
Outstanding Visual Effects in an Animated Feature
Chris J. Chapman, Lindsey Collins, John Halstead and Angus MacLane
Nominated
[157]

Outstanding Animated Performance in an Animated Feature
Hank – Jonathan Hoffman, Steven Clay Hunter, Mark Piretti and Audrey Wong
Won

Outstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature
Open Ocean Exhibit – Stephen Gustafson, Jack Hattori, Jesse Hollander and Michael Rutter
Nominated

Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Animated Feature
Stephen Gustafson, Allen Hemberger, Joshua Jenny and Matthew Kiyoshi Wong

text: Possible sequel[edit]

text: In June 2016, director Andrew Stanton talked about the possibility of a sequel, saying that he would never exclude it because of the introduction of new characters, citing the Toy Story films as guides for how to expand a world through sequels.[158]


document_title: Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus

question_text: who wrote yes virginia there is a santa claus

text: Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus

text: History[edit]

text: In 1897, Dr. Philip O'Hanlon, a coroner's assistant on Manhattan's Upper West Side, was asked by his then eight-year-old daughter, Virginia O'Hanlon (1889–1971), whether Santa Claus really existed. O'Hanlon suggested she write to The Sun, a prominent New York City newspaper at the time, assuring her that "If you see it in The Sun, it's so."[3] In so doing, Dr. O'Hanlon had unwittingly given one of the paper's editors, Francis Pharcellus Church, an opportunity to rise above the simple question and address the philosophical issues behind it.

text: Church was a war correspondent during the American Civil War, a time that saw great suffering and a corresponding lack of hope and faith in much of society. Although the paper ran the editorial in the seventh place on the page, below even one on the newly invented "chainless bicycle", it was both noticed and well received by readers. According to an anecdote on the radio program The Rest of the Story, Church was a hardened cynic and an atheist who had little patience for superstitious beliefs, did not want to write the editorial, and refused to allow his name to be attached to the piece.[4] More than a century later it is the most reprinted editorial in any newspaper in the English language.[1][2]

text: In 1971, after seeing Virginia's obituary in The New York Times, four friends formed a company called Elizabeth Press and published a children's book titled Yes, Virginia that illustrated the editorial and included a brief history of the main characters.[5] Its creators took it to Warner Brothers who eventually made an Emmy award-winning television show based on the editorial. The History Channel, in a special that aired on February 21, 2001, noted that Virginia gave the original letter to a granddaughter, who pasted it in a scrapbook. It was feared that the letter was destroyed in a house fire, but 30 years later, it was discovered intact.[citation needed]

text: A copy of the letter, hand-written by Virginia and believed to be the original by her family was authenticated in 1998 by Kathleen Guzman, an appraiser on the television program Antiques Roadshow.[2] Some commentators doubt that a young girl would refer to children her own age as "my little friends" and suspect Virginia's father assisted her in composing the letter or even written it himself.[6]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Every year, Virginia's letter and Church's response are read at the Yule Log ceremony at Church's alma mater, Columbia College of Columbia University.[7]

text: The story of Virginia's inquiry and The Sun's response was adapted in 1932 into an NBC produced cantata (the only known editorial set to classical music),[8] a segment of the short film Santa Claus Story (1945), and an Emmy Award-winning animated television special aired in 1974 on ABC, animated by Bill Meléndez (who had worked on various Peanuts specials).[9] In 1991 it was adapted into a made-for-TV movie starring Richard Thomas and Charles Bronson.[10] In 1996, the story was adapted into an eponymous holiday musical by David Kirchenbaum (music and lyrics) and Myles McDonnel (book).[8]

text: The last two paragraphs of Church's editorial are read by actor Sam Elliott in the 1989 film Prancer, about Jessica Riggs, a little girl who believes the wounded reindeer she is nursing back to health belongs to Santa. Jessica's story inspires the local newspaper editor, as Virginia's letter did to Church, to write an editorial which he titles Yes, Santa, there is a Virginia.[11]

text: On September 21, 1997, the 100th anniversary of the editorial's original publication, The New York Times published an analysis of its enduring appeal.[12]

text: In 2003 "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" was depicted in a mechanical holiday window display at the Lord & Taylor department store on Fifth Avenue in Manhattan.[13]

text: In 2009, The Studio School in New York City, honored Virginia's life and legacy. Janet C. Rotter, Head of School, announced the establishment of the Virginia O'Hanlon Scholarship, speaking passionately about their commitment to offering need-based scholarships for students of merit.[14][15][16][17] Virginia's descendants continue her legacy.[18]

text: "Yes, Virginia, there is (a)..." has become an idiomatic expression to insist that something is true.[19]

text: In December 2015, Macy's department store in Herald Square, New York City, NY used Virginia's story for their holiday window display. Illustrated in three-dimensional figurines and spanning several windows on the south side of the store along 34th Street between 6th and 7th Avenues. This version of "Yes, Virginia" is based on the 2010 television special of the same name, starring Neil Patrick Harris and Bea Miller.[20]

text: Virginia O'Hanlon[edit]

text:
Virginia O'Hanlon

Virginia O'Hanlon (circa 1895)

Born
July 20, 1889
Manhattan, New York

Died
May 13, 1971(1971-05-13) (aged 81)
Valatie, New York

text: Laura Virginia O'Hanlon[18] was born on July 20, 1889, in New York City, New York. Her marriage to Edward Douglas in the 1910s was brief, and ended with him deserting her shortly before their daughter, Laura, was born. She was listed as divorced in the 1930 United States Census but nevertheless kept her ex-husband's surname the rest of her life (as was common practice), styled as "Laura Virginia O'Hanlon Douglas."[1]

text: Douglas received her Bachelor of Arts from Hunter College in 1910, a master's degree in education from Columbia University in 1912, and a doctorate from Fordham University in 1930. The title of her dissertation was "The Importance of Play".[21] She was a school teacher in the New York City Independent School District. She started her career as an educator in 1912, became a junior principal in 1935, and retired in 1959.[22]

text:
External media

Audio

 Yes, Virginia, There Is a Santa Claus, 11:00, 1937. Interview of Virginia O’Hanlon Douglas on WNYC[23]

 Yes Virginia — 66 years later, 3:50, 1963. Interview of Virginia O’Hanlon Douglas on the CBC[25]

Video

 Virginia of "Yes, Virginia, There is a Santa Claus" reads her famous letter, 4:12, WTENAlbany[24]

text: Douglas received a steady stream of mail about her letter throughout her life. She would include a copy of the editorial in her replies.[26] In an interview later in life, she credited it with shaping the direction of her life quite positively.[25]

text: In December 2012, radio station WGNA-FM in Albany, New York,[27] published a photo of Douglas meeting Santa on Christmas Eve 1969, two years before her death. Douglas died on May 13, 1971, at the age of 81, in a nursing home in Valatie, New York.[28] She is buried at the Chatham Rural Cemetery in North Chatham, New York.[29]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Mythology portal

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c Campbell, W. Joseph (Spring 2005). "The grudging emergence of American journalism's classic editorial: New details about 'Is There A Santa Claus?'". American Journalism Review. University of Maryland, College Park: Philip Merrill College of Journalism. 22 (2). Retrieved October 29, 2007.
^ Jump up to: a b c "1897 "Yes, Virginia" Santa Claus Letter". Antiques Roadshow. Public Broadcasting Service. July 19, 1997. Archived from the original on September 22, 2017.
Jump up ^ Quoted from Virginia's original letter text.
Jump up ^ Harvey, Paul. The Rest of the Story: Yes, Virginia. From the Internet Archive Old-Time Radio collection; date unknown.
Jump up ^ Hausmann, Suzanne (1978). Yes, Virginia. Phinmarc Books. ISBN 0685862356.
Jump up ^ Rooney, Andy (2007). Common Nonsense. New York: PublicAffairs.
Jump up ^ "Yule Log Ceremony". Barnard Campus News. Barnard and Columbia holiday events. Barnard College, New York City. December 4, 2001. Archived from the original on Feb 22, 2002. Retrieved November 13, 2007. During the Yule Log ceremony, the passing of the seasons is marked by the reading of... the famous editorial on the true spirit of Christmas, "Yes, Virginia, There Is A Santa Claus"
^ Jump up to: a b 'Yes, Virginia, There is a Santa Claus.'. (2000). 'The World Encyclopedia of Christmas'. Gerry Bowler, Editor. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart Limited. pp. 252–253.
Jump up ^ "Yes, Virginia, There Is a Santa Claus (TV 1974)". IMDb.com. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Yes Virginia, There Is a Santa Claus (TV 1991)". IMDb.com. Retrieved January 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ Ebert, Roger (November 17, 1989). "Prancer Movie Review & Film Summary". rogerebert.com. Ebert Digital LLC. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
Jump up ^ Vincigueera, Thomas (September 21, 1997). "Yes, Virginia, a Thousand Times Yes". query.nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved December 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ "Christmas in New York: Lord and Taylor Christmas Holiday Window displays 2003 Photo Gallery". Gonyc.about.com. November 2, 2009. Retrieved March 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Haberman, Clyde (December 24, 2004). "NYC - Yes, New York, There Was A Virginia". query.nytimes.com. The New York Times. Retrieved December 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ New York Times – Yes Virginia there is a scholarship at the Studio School
Jump up ^ Studio School Virginia Scholarship Fund
Jump up ^ Head of School Janet C. Rotter presents Virginia O'Hanlon scholarship
^ Jump up to: a b Fernandez, Manny (December 24, 2010). "To Virginia's Family, Santa Claus Is Still Real". The New York Times. pp. A23, A29. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 27, 2010.
Jump up ^ ""Yes, Virginia…", by Joanne, 20 Dec 2010". About English Idioms. December 10, 2010. Retrieved January 8, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Yes Virginia, there really is a Macy's". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved March 30, 2017.
Jump up ^ V., Douglas, Laura (January 1, 1930). The Importance of Play (Thesis). Fordham University.
Jump up ^ "Virginia, Now 70, Quits As Teacher; School Principal Who at 8 Asked 'Is There a Santa?' Is a Guest at Dinner" (Abstract of subscription PDF). The New York Times. June 12, 1959. Retrieved October 29, 2007. Mrs. Laura Virginia Douglas, retiring after forty-three years as a public school teacher and principal, was given a farewell dinner by her colleagues last night at the Towers Hotel in Brooklyn.
Jump up ^ "Yes, Virginia, There Is a Santa Claus". WNYC. December 8, 2010. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Virginia of "Yes, Virginia, There is a Santa Claus" reads her famous letter". WTEN. December 24, 2009. Retrieved October 24, 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b "Yes Virginia — 66 years later". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Dec 24, 1963. Archived from the original on June 5, 2008. Retrieved March 1, 2010.
Jump up ^ Morrison, Jim "Santa Junior"; McElhany, Jennifer. "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus". National Christmas Centre, Exhibits. National Christmas Centre. Archived from the original on Dec 27, 2011. Retrieved November 13, 2007. Throughout her life she received a steady stream of mail about the letter, and to each reply she attached an attractive printed copy of the editorial.
Jump up ^ "Decades Later, Santa Claus Visits Author of Iconic 'Yes Virginia' Letter". Townsquare Media. December 11, 2012. Retrieved December 25, 2013.
Jump up ^ "Virginia O'Hanlon, Santa's Friend, Dies; Virginia O'Hanlon Dead at 81" (Abstract of subscription pdf). The New York Times. May 14, 1971. Retrieved October 29, 2007. Valatie, N. Y., May 13 – Virginia O'Hanlon Douglas, who as a child was reassured that "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus", died today at the age of 81.
Jump up ^ "Virginia O'Hanlon - Chatham Rural Cemetery". Find A Grave. Retrieved February 14, 2011.

tag: ol


document_title: Gilbert Gottfried

question_text: who does the voice of the aflac duck

question_tokens: who does the voice of the aflac duck

text: Gilbert Gottfried

text: Career[edit]

text: Early career (1970–1998)[edit]

text: At age 15, Gottfried began doing amateur stand-up in New York City and, after a few years, became known around New York as "the comedian's comedian."[3] In 1980, Saturday Night Live was being retooled with a new staff and new comedians; the producers noticed Gottfried and hired him as a cast member for season 6.[4] Gottfried's persona in SNL sketches was very different from his later characterization: he rarely (if ever) spoke in his trademark screeching, obnoxious voice and never squinted. During his 12-episode stint, he was given very little airtime and seldom used in sketches. Gottfried recalls a low point was having to play a corpse in a sketch about a sports organist hired to play inappropriate music at a funeral. Despite this, he had one recurring character (Leo Waxman, husband to Denny Dillon's Pinky Waxman on the recurring talk show sketch, "What's It All About?") and two celebrity impersonations: David A. Stockman and controversial film director Roman Polanski.[5]

text: Gottfried also played accountant Sidney Bernstein in the 1987 film Beverly Hills Cop II.

text: Although not a regular, he also appeared in The Amazing Live Sea Monkeys, as well as voicing the crazed dentist Dr. Bender and his son Wendell in The Fairly OddParents and the voice of Jerry the Belly Button Elf on Ren and Stimpy. Three of his most prominent roles came in 1990, 1991, and 1992, when he was cast as the adoption agent Igor Peabody in Problem Child and Problem Child 2 and the parrot Iago in Aladdin. When asked how he prepared for the role, Gottfried said, "I did the whole DeNiro thing. I moved to South America! I lived in the trees!" Gottfried reprised the role in Aladdin: The Return of Jafar, Aladdin and the King of Thieves, the television series and various related media, such as Kingdom Hearts and House of Mouse. Gottfried also voiced Berkely Beetle in 1994's Thumbelina.

text: In 1996, he starred as a talking smoke detector, in "Be Cool about Fire Safety," a short fire safety video for younger audiences.

text: Gottfried was the host of the Saturday edition of USA Up All Night for its entire run from 1989 to 1998.

text: Voice acting, television and films (1999–present)[edit]

text: On the most recent version of Hollywood Squares, Gottfried was a regular guest. On one particular episode, which aired on October 1, 1999, he was the last square on the board for a five-square win, but both contestants repeatedly got his answers wrong, prompting Gottfried to yell "YOU FOOL!" with every incorrect response. It took seven tries before a contestant finally correctly agreed with him, specifically on a question of "smog" being a combination of smoke and fog.

text: Gottfried has provided the voice of the duck in the Aflac commercials and Digit in Cyberchase, as well as Mister Mxyzptlk in Superman: The Animated Series. He also voiced a nasty wisecracking criminal genius named Nick-Nack in two episodes of Superboy (he also co-wrote an issue of Superboy: The Comic Book, which featured Nick-Nack's origin). On The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Gottfried has made regular appearances.

text: In 2004, Comedy Central featured Gottfried's stand-up material for Shorties Watchin' Shorties.[6] Gottfried was part of an online advertising campaign for Microsoft's Office XP software, showing, in a series of Flash-animated cartoons, that the Clippy office assistant would be removed. In 2006, Gottfried topped the Boston Phoenix's tongue-in-cheek list of the world's 100 Unsexiest Men. In April 2006, Gottfried performed with the University of Pennsylvania's Mask and Wig Club in their annual Intercollegiate Comedy Festival. Also in 2006, he made an appearance on the Let's Make a Deal portion of Gameshow Marathon (as a baby in a large high chair, he says "Hey Ricki, I think I need my diaper changed!"), and in the Dodge Viper in the big deal (where he tells the contestants "What were you thinking?!" because neither one picked it). He also guest-starred in The Grim Adventures of Billy and Mandy as Santa Claus in the one-hour Christmas Special. He voiced Rick Platypus in an episode of My Gym Partner's a Monkey entitled "That Darn Platypus".

text: He appeared as Peter's horse in an episode of Family Guy entitled "Boys Do Cry" (in which Peter Griffin is enthused to learn that Gottfried is providing the horse's voice). He also guest-starred in Hannah Montana as Barny Bittmen. In January 2009, Gottfried worked again with David Faustino for an episode of Faustino's show Star-ving.[7] In 2011, Gottfried appeared in the episode "Lost Traveler" on Law & Order: Special Victims Unit as Leo Gerber, a sarcastic computer professional working for the NYPD's Technical Assistance Response Unit, which producer Warren Leight said could become a recurring character.[8] Gottfried read a section from the hit book Fifty Shades of Grey in a June 2012 YouTube video, which was created with the aim of using Gottfried's trademark voice to make fun of the book's graphic sexual content.[9]

text: In 2013, Gottfried became a member of "Team Rachael" on the second season of Food Network's Rachael vs. Guy: Celebrity Cook-Off. In March 2013 he appeared on ABC's Celebrity Wife Swap. He swapped wives with Alan Thicke.[10] He is also a commentator on truTV Presents: World's Dumbest....

text: On May 28, 2014, Sideshow Network premiered Gilbert Gottfried's Amazing Colossal Podcast, an interview series where Gottfried and his co-host Frank Santopadre discuss classic movies and talk to "Hollywood legends and behind-the-scenes talents" who shaped Gottfried's childhood and influenced his comedy.[11] His first guest was Dick Cavett.

text: Gottfried was the third contestant fired during the fourteenth season of the NBC reality show The Celebrity Apprentice. Gottfried's most recent role came in 2016 when he played the 'Pig Man' in a comedy/fantasy film Abnormal Attraction.[12]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: In the late 1990s, Gottfried met Dara Kravitz at a Grammy Awards party. They were married in 2007 and have two children together, daughter Lily and son Max.[13] They reside in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan. Gottfried was raised in a Jewish family, but he has commented on his podcast that he did not have a bar mitzvah.[14] One of his sisters was Arlene Gottfried, a New York Street photographer, who died in 2017.

text: Comedic style[edit]

text: Danny Gallagher of the Dallas Observer wrote that "Gottfried has one of the most original formulas in the history of comedy", adding: "You don't just laugh at the punchline when Gilbert Gottfried tells a joke. You laugh at the setup. You laugh at his comments about the joke. You even laugh at the segues between his jokes."[15] Gottfried is known for speaking in a loud and grating voice, which is not his natural speaking voice.[16] Mark Binneli of Rolling Stone described Gottfried as a "squinting, squawking mass of contradictions", noting his status as "one of America's filthiest stand-ups and one of the most successful voice-over artists in children's entertainment."[17] Gottfried is known for joking about recent tragedies. In a July 2012 op-ed for CNN, he wrote: "I have always felt comedy and tragedy are roommates. If you look up comedy and tragedy, you will find a very old picture of two masks. One mask is tragedy. It looks like it's crying. The other mask is comedy. It looks like it's laughing. Nowadays, we would say, 'How tasteless and insensitive. A comedy mask is laughing at a tragedy mask.'"[18]

text: Controversial jokes[edit]

text: 1991 Emmy Awards[edit]

text: At the 43rd Primetime Emmy Awards, Gottfried made "an endless series of masturbation jokes" in reference to Paul Reubens' arrest for masturbating in an adult movie theater.[19] Viewers on the east coast saw the entire set live, but Fox censored the broadcast for the west coast delay.[20] Fox issued an apology, stating that Gottfried's jokes were "irresponsible and insulting".[19] Gottfried said that producers stated he would not be invited back,[21] and Rolling Stone wrote that the monologue resulted in him being "blacklisted".[17]

text: September 11 joke[edit]

text: During his monologue at a Friars Club roast of Hugh Hefner three weeks after the September 11 attacks, Gottfried joked that he had intended to catch a plane, but could not get a direct flight because "they said they have to stop at the Empire State Building first". This was one of the first public examples of 9/11 humor. Audience members responded with hisses and a cry of "Too soon!" Gottfried then abandoned his prepared remarks and launched into the venerable Aristocrats joke, winning back the audience.[22] Penn Jillette and Paul Provenza used Gottfried's monologue as a segment in their 2005 film The Aristocrats.[23]

text: Japanese tsunami jokes[edit]

text: In March 2011, Gottfried made a series of jokes on his Twitter account about the earthquake disaster in Japan.[24] Aflac, which does 75% of its business in Japan, responded by dismissing Gottfried from voicing its duck mascot on March 14, 2011, and announced a casting call for his replacement as the voice of the duck.[25] He was replaced by Daniel McKeague (who did an impression of Gottfried) on April 26, 2011.[26]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role

1984
Gallavants
Edil (voice; on his first film role)

1984
The House of God
Paramedic

1985
Bad Medicine
Tony Sandoval

1987
Beverly Hills Cop II
Sidney Bernstein

1988
Hot to Trot
Dentist

1989
Never on Tuesday
Lucky Larry Lupin

1990
The Adventures of Ford Fairlane
Johnny Crunch

1990
Seriously...Phil Collins
Roger

1990
Problem Child
Mr. Peabody

1991
Problem Child 2
Mr. Peabody

1991
Horror Hall of Fame 2
Boris

1992
Aladdin
Iago the Parrot (voice)

1992
Highway to Hell
Hitler

1994
Aladdin: The Return of Jafar
Iago the Parrot (voice)

1994
Thumbelina
Berkeley Beetle (voice)

1994
Saved By The Bell: Wedding In Las Vegas
Burt Banner

1994
Double Dragon
Walter

1995
The Magic Gift of the Snowman
Charlatan (voice)

1995
Problem Child 3
Dr. Peabody

1996
Aladdin and the King of Thieves
Iago the Parrot (voice)

1996
Escape from It's a Wonderful Life
Angry man on porch

1996
Be Cool About Fire Safety
Seymour Smoke

1997
Def Jam's How to Be a Player
Tony the Doorman

1998
Dr. Dolittle
Compulsive Dog (voice)

1999
Goosed
Alan Levy

2001
Longshot
Mr. Chadwick

2002
Mickey's House of Villains
Iago the Parrot (voice)

2004
The Amazing Floydini
Magic Store owner

2004
Back by Midnight
Security Guard

2004
Funky Monkey
Dr. Spleen

2004
Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events
Duck

2005
The Aristocrats
Himself

2006
Farce of the Penguins
"I'm Freezing My Nuts Off" Penguin (voice)

2007
Disney Princess Enchanted Tales: Follow Your Dreams
Iago the Parrot (voice)

2008
Gilbert Gottfried: Dirty Jokes
Himself

2009
The Lindabury Story
Himself

2009
Jack and the Beanstalk
Grayson the Goose

2011
Miss December
The Police Officer

2013
Beecher Baby Bouncer
Himself

2014
A Million Ways to Die in the West
Abraham Lincoln

2016
The Comedian's Guide to Survival
Himself

2016
Abnormal Attraction
Pig Man[12]

2016
Director's Cut
Superintendent

2016
Unbelievable!!!!
Major LeGrande Bushe

2016
Gender Bender
Dr. Montalto

2016
Life, Animated
Himself

2016
The Comedian
Trevor Friedmann

2016
Hospital Arrest
Jerome Carter

2017
Gilbert
Himself

2017
80s Creature House
Grim Reaper

2017
Animal Crackers
Mario Zucchini (voice)

text: Television[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1980–1981
Saturday Night Live
Various characters
Cast member; 12 episodes

1983–1984
Thicke of the Night
Various characters

1987
The Cosby Show
Mr. Babcock
"Say Hello to a Good Buy"

1990
Superboy
Nick-Nack (voice)

1991
Night Court
Oscar Brown

1993–1995
Bonkers
Two-Bits (voice)

1993
Problem Child
Mr. Peabody

1994
Living Single
Larry Friedlander

1994–1995
Aladdin
Iago the Parrot (voice)

1994
Beavis and Butthead
Gus Baker (voice)

The Ren & Stimpy Show
Jerry the Bellybutton Elf / Porkchop Monster (voice)

1994–1997
Duckman
Art DeSalvo (voice)
Recurring role

1994–1995
Wings
Lewis (guest role)

1995
Married... with Children
Himself
"Ship Happens"

Adventures in Wonderland
Mike McNasty
"Pie Noon"

Bump in the Night
Stink Bug (voice)

Aladdin on Ice
Iago the Parrot (voice)
TV movie

1995–1996
Twisted Tales of Felix the Cat
Additional Characters
Voice

1996
Are You Afraid of the Dark?
Roy
"The Tale of Station 109.1"

In the House
Mr. Comstock

Adventures from the Book of Virtues
Additional voices

Escape From It's a Wonderful Life
Angry man on porch

Big Bag
Himself
Troubles the Cat segment

1996–2000
Superman: The Animated Series
Mister Mxyzptlk (voice)

1997
Bear in the Big Blue House
Large Possum (voice)

1998
Cosby
Cellmate
"Fifteen Minutes of Fame"

Noddy
Jack Frost
"Jack Frost is Coming to Town"[27]

Hercules
Cilon (voice)

1999
Dilbert
Accounting Troll (voice)
"Hunger"

Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist
Himself
Episodes 503 and 506

Timon & Pumbaa
The Woodpecker (voice)

2000
Clerks: The Animated Series
Jerry Seinfeld, Patrick Swayze (voices)

2001–2005
The Fairly OddParents
Dr. Bender / Wendel (voices)

2001–2003
Disney's House of Mouse
Iago the Parrot (voice)

2002–present
Cyberchase
Digit, Widget (voices)
Daytime Emmy [Nominee]
Outstanding New Approaches - Daytime Children's
Daytime Emmy Awards 2009

2002
Son of the Beach
Noccus Johnstein
"Chip's A Goy" and Hamm Stroker's Suck My Blood

Celebrity Deathmatch
Himself (voice)
"Gottfried in the Arena"

2003
Becker
Alan

CSI: Crime Scene Investigation
Comic
"Last Laugh"

2004
Home Movies
Tonko the Parrot (voice)

The Tonight Show with Jay Leno
Various sketches

VH1's Celebrity Paranormal Project and I Love Toys

Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments
Himself
Part I: 100-81

2005
Billy and Mandy Save Christmas
Santa Claus (voice)

2007
The Emperor's New School
Additional voices
Season 2, Episode 11

Family Guy
Peter's Horse (voice)

My Gym Partner's a Monkey
Rick Platypus (voice)
"That Darn Platypus"

2008
Hannah Montana
Barney Bitman
"(We're So Sorry) Uncle Earl"

VH1's I Love the New Millennium

4 Episodes

The Comedy Central Roast: Bob Saget
Himself

The Replacements
Himself
"A Buzzwork Orange"

Back at the Barnyard
Barn Buddy (voice)

Big & Small
Small (voice)

Sesame Street
Denny the Distractor
"Hurry Up, You're Running Out of Time"

The View
Horny the Dwarf
Joy's Month in ReView

The Weird Al Show
Himself

Pyramid
Himself
Celebrity Guest

Hollywood Squares
Himself
Regular

2009
Star-ving
Himself
"Gilbert's Kid"

The Comedy Central Roast: Joan Rivers
Himself

Seth MacFarlane's Cavalcade of Cartoon Comedy
Himself

2010
'Til Death
Tommy
Guest starred

The Comedy Central Roast: David Hasselhoff
Himself

Robotomy
Tickle Me Psycho (voice)
"The Playdate"

2011
The Comedy Central Roast: Donald Trump
Himself

Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
Leo Gerber

2012
The Comedy Central Roast: Roseanne Barr
Himself

The Burn with Jeff Ross
Himself

2013–2014
TruTV Presents: World's Dumbest...
Himself

2013
Rachael vs. Guy: Celebrity Cook-Off
Himself

Celebrity Wife Swap
Himself
"Gilbert Gottfried/Alan Thicke"

MAD
Linkong, Father, Crash (voices)

2014
Randy Cunningham: 9th Grade Ninja
Ranginald Bagel (voice)

The Celebrity Apprentice 7
Himself

Dinner with Friends with Brett Gelman and Friends
Himself

Elf: Buddy's Musical Christmas
Mr. Greenway (voice)

Last Comic Standing
Himself

Big Brother 16
Otev (voice)

Newbridge Tourism Board Presents: We're Newbridge, We're Comin' To Get Ya!
Himself

Anger Management
Dudley
Guest starred

2014–2016
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
Kraang Subprime (voice)

2016
Mighty Magiswords
Prohyas' Stomach (voice)
Guest starred

Sharknado: The 4th Awakens
Ron McDonald
TV movie

2017
The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel
Strip Club MC
Episode: "Pilot"

Justice League Action
Mister Mxyztplk (voice)

Last Week Tonight with John Oliver
Jared Kushner (voice)
Season 4, Episodes 10 and 19

Sharknado 5: Global Swarming
Ron McDonald
TV movie

Episodes
Himself
Season 5, Episode 1

Cash Cab
Himself

The Untitled Action Bronson Show
Himself
Season 1, Episode 7

2018
Transformers: Cyberverse
Thundercracker (voice)

text: Video games[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Role

1999
Disney's Arcade Frenzy
Iago the Parrot

2001
Disney's Aladdin in Nasira's Revenge
Iago the Parrot

2002
Kingdom Hearts
Iago the Parrot

2006
Kingdom Hearts II
Iago the Parrot

2010
APB: All Points Bulletin
Joker Ammo

2014
Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham
Mister Mxyzptlk

text: Commercials[edit]

text:
MTV (1980s)[28]
Pepsi (1991)[29]
Pop-Tarts: Voice of the Toaster (1995)[28]
Aflac: Voice of the Aflac duck (2000–2011)[25]
Subway (2000)[30]

Office XP: Voice of Clippy (2001)[31]
Glad (2003)[28]
Shoedini (2010)[32]
Easterns Automotive Group commercials (2012)[33][34]
Eat24 (2015 Super Bowl commercial)[35]