document_title: List of New York Knicks seasons

question_text: when was the last time the knicks had a winning season

text: List of New York Knicks seasons

text: Table key[edit]

text:
NBA champions
(1947–present) †

Division/Conference champions
(1947–1970/1971–present) *

Division champions
(1971–present) ^

Playoff berth
(1947–present) ¤

text:
AMVP
NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player

Conf. finish
Final position in conference standings

COY
Coach of the Year

Div. finish
Final position in division standings

DPOY
Defensive Player of the Year

FMVP
NBA Finals Most Valuable Player

GB
Games behind first-place team in division[a]

Italics
Season in progress

JWKC
J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship Award

L
Number of regular season losses

MVP
Most Valuable Player

Ref.
Reference

ROY
Rookie of the Year

SIX
Sixth Man of the Year

W
Number of regular season wins

text: Seasons[edit]

text: Note: Statistics are correct as of the 2016–17 season.

text:
Season
Conf.
Conf. finish[b]
Div.
Div. finish[b]
W[c]
L[c]
Win%
GB
Playoffs
Awards
Head coach
Ref.

1946–47
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
3rd ¤
33
27
.550
16
Won Quarterfinals vs. Cleveland Rebels, 2–1
Lost Semifinals to Philadelphia Warriors, 2–0[5]
—
Neil Cohalan
[6]

1947–48
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
2nd ¤
26
22
.542
1
Lost Quarterfinals to Baltimore Bullets, 2–1[7]
—
Joe Lapchick
[8]

1948–49
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
2nd ¤
32
28
.533
6
Won Division Semifinals vs. Baltimore Bullets, 2–1
Lost Division Finals to Washington Capitols, 2–1[9]
—
Joe Lapchick
[10]

1949–50
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
2nd ¤
40
28
.588
13
Won Division Semifinals vs. Washington Capitols, 2–0
Lost Division Finals to Syracuse Nationals, 2–1[11]
—
Joe Lapchick
[12]

1950–51
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern *
3rd ¤
36
30
.545
4
Won Division Semifinals vs. Boston Celtics, 2–0
Won Division Finals vs. Syracuse Nationals, 3–2
Lost NBA Finals to Rochester Royals, 4–3[13] *
—
Joe Lapchick
[14]

1951–52
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern *
3rd ¤
37
29
.561
3
Won Division Semifinals vs. Boston Celtics, 2–1
Won Division Finals vs. Syracuse Nationals, 3–1
Lost NBA Finals to Minneapolis Lakers, 4–3[15] *
—
Joe Lapchick
[16]

1952–53
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern *
1st ¤
47
23
.671
—
Won Division Semifinals vs. Baltimore Bullets, 2–0
Won Division Finals vs. Boston Celtics, 3–1
Lost NBA Finals to Minneapolis Lakers, 4–1[17] *
—
Joe Lapchick
[18]

1953–54
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
1st ¤
44
28
.611
—
Lost round-robin to Boston Celtics and Syracuse Nationals, 4–0[19]
—
Joe Lapchick
[20]

1954–55
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
2nd ¤
38
34
.528
5
Lost Division Semifinals to Boston Celtics, 2–1[21]
—
Joe Lapchick
[22]

1955–56
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
4th[d] ¤
35
37
.486
10
Lost Division third-place tiebreaker to Syracuse Nationals, 1–0[24]
—
Joe Lapchick
Vince Boryla
[23]

1956–57
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
4th
36
36
.500
8
—
—
Vince Boryla
[25]

1957–58
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
4th
35
37
.486
14
—
—
Vince Boryla
Andrew Levane
[26]

1958–59
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
2nd ¤
40
32
.556
12
Lost Division Semifinals to Syracuse Nationals, 2–0[27]
—
Andrew Levane
[28]

1959–60
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
4th
27
48
.360
32
—
—
Andrew Levane
Carl Braun
[29]

1960–61
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
4th
21
58
.266
36
—
—
Carl Braun
[30]

1961–62
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
4th
29
51
.363
31
—
—
Eddie Donovan
[31]

1962–63
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
4th
21
59
.263
37
—
—
Eddie Donovan
[32]

1963–64
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
4th
22
58
.275
37
—
—
Eddie Donovan
[33]

1964–65
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
4th
31
49
.388
31
—
Willis Reed[34] (ROY)
Eddie Donovan
Harry Gallatin
[35]

1965–66
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
4th
30
50
.375
25
—
—
Dick McGuire
[36]

1966–67
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
4th ¤
36
45
.444
32
Lost Division Semifinals to Boston Celtics, 3–1[37]
—
Dick McGuire
[38]

1967–68
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
3rd ¤
43
39
.524
19
Lost Division Semifinals to Philadelphia 76ers, 4–2[39]
—
Dick McGuire
Red Holzman
[40]

1968–69
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern
3rd ¤
54
28
.659
3
Won Division Semifinals vs. Baltimore Bullets, 4–0
Lost Division Finals to Boston Celtics, 4–2[41]
—
Red Holzman
[42]

1969–70
—
5000000000000000000♠—
Eastern *
1st ¤
60
22
.732
—
Won Division Semifinals vs. Baltimore Bullets, 4–3
Won Division Finals vs. Milwaukee Bucks, 4–1
Won NBA Finals vs. Los Angeles Lakers, 4–3[43]
Red Holzman[44] (COY)
Willis Reed[34]
(AMVP, FMVP & MVP)
Red Holzman
[45]

1970–71
Eastern
7000100000000000000♠1st ¤
Atlantic[e] ^
1st
52
30
.634
—
Won Conference Semifinals vs. Atlanta Hawks, 4–1
Lost Conference Finals to Baltimore Bullets, 4–3[48]
—
Red Holzman
[49]

1971–72
Eastern *
7000300000000000000♠3rd ¤
Atlantic
2nd
48
34
.585
8
Won Conference Semifinals vs. Baltimore Bullets, 4–2
Won Conference Finals vs. Boston Celtics, 4–1
Lost Finals to Los Angeles Lakers, 4–1[50] *
—
Red Holzman
[51]

1972–73
Eastern *
7000300000000000000♠3rd ¤
Atlantic
2nd
57
25
.695
11
Won Conference Semifinals vs. Baltimore Bullets, 4–1
Won Conference Finals vs. Boston Celtics, 4–3
Won Finals vs. Los Angeles Lakers, 4–1[52]
Willis Reed[34] (FMVP)
Red Holzman
[53]

1973–74
Eastern
7000300000000000000♠3rd ¤
Atlantic
2nd
49
33
.598
7
Won Conference Semifinals vs. Capital Bullets, 4–3
Lost Conference Finals to Boston Celtics, 4–1[54]
—
Red Holzman
[55]

1974–75
Eastern
7000500000000000000♠5th ¤
Atlantic
3rd
40
42
.488
20
Lost First Round to Houston Rockets, 2–1[56]
Walt Frazier[57] (AMVP)
Red Holzman
[58]

1975–76
Eastern
7000700000000000000♠7th
Atlantic
4th
38
44
.463
16
—
—
Red Holzman
[59]

1976–77
Eastern
7000700000000000000♠7th
Atlantic
3rd
40
42
.488
10
—
—
Red Holzman
[60]

1977–78
Eastern
7000500000000000000♠5th ¤
Atlantic
2nd
43
39
.524
12
Won First Round vs. Cleveland Cavaliers, 2–0
Lost Conference Semifinals to Philadelphia 76ers, 4–0[61]
—
Willis Reed
[62]

1978–79
Eastern
7000700000000000000♠7th
Atlantic
4th
31
51
.378
23
—
—
Willis Reed
Red Holzman
[63]

1979–80
Eastern
7000700000000000000♠7th
Atlantic
4th[f]
39
43
.476
22
—
—
Red Holzman
[64]

1980–81
Eastern
7000400000000000000♠4th ¤
Atlantic
3rd
50
32
.610
12
Lost First Round to Chicago Bulls, 2–0[65]
Mike Glenn[66] (JWKC)
Red Holzman
[67]

1981–82
Eastern
7001100000000000000♠10th
Atlantic
5th
33
49
.402
30
—
—
Red Holzman
[68]

1982–83
Eastern
7000500000000000000♠5th ¤
Atlantic
4th
44
38
.537
21
Won First Round vs. New Jersey Nets, 2–0
Lost Conference Semifinals to Philadelphia 76ers, 4–0[69]
—
Hubie Brown
[70]

1983–84
Eastern
7000500000000000000♠5th ¤
Atlantic
3rd
47
35
.573
15
Won First Round vs. Detroit Pistons, 3–2
Lost Conference Semifinals to Boston Celtics, 4–3[71]
—
Hubie Brown
[72]

1984–85
Eastern
7001100000000000000♠10th
Atlantic
5th
24
58
.293
39
—
—
Hubie Brown
[73]

1985–86
Eastern
7001110000000000000♠11th
Atlantic
5th
23
59
.280
44
—
Patrick Ewing[74] (ROY)
Rory Sparrow[66][g]
(JWKC)
Hubie Brown
[75]

1986–87
Eastern
7001110000000000000♠11th
Atlantic
5th[h]
24
58
.293
35
—
—
Hubie Brown
Bob Hill
[76]

1987–88
Eastern
7000800000000000000♠8th ¤
Atlantic
3rd[i]
38
44
.463
19
Lost First Round to Boston Celtics, 3–1[78]
Mark Jackson[79] (ROY)
Rick Pitino
[77]

1988–89
Eastern
7000200000000000000♠2nd ¤
Atlantic ^
1st
52
30
.634
—
Won First Round vs. Philadelphia 76ers, 3–0
Lost Conference Semifinals to Chicago Bulls, 4–2[80]
—
Rick Pitino
[81]

1989–90
Eastern
7000500000000000000♠5th ¤
Atlantic
3rd
45
37
.549
8
Won First Round vs. Boston Celtics, 3–2
Lost Conference Semifinals to Detroit Pistons, 4–1[82]
—
Stu Jackson
[83]

1990–91
Eastern
7000800000000000000♠8th ¤
Atlantic
3rd
39
43
.476
17
Lost First Round to Chicago Bulls, 3–0[84]
—
Stu Jackson
John MacLeod
[85]

1991–92
Eastern
7000400000000000000♠4th ¤
Atlantic
2nd[j]
51
31
.622
—
Won First Round vs. Detroit Pistons, 3–2
Lost Conference Semifinals to Chicago Bulls, 4–3[87]
—
Pat Riley
[86]

1992–93
Eastern
7000100000000000000♠1st ¤
Atlantic ^
1st
60
22
.732
—
Won First Round vs. Indiana Pacers, 3–1
Won Conference Semifinals vs. Charlotte Hornets, 4–1
Lost Conference Finals to Chicago Bulls, 4–2[88]
Pat Riley[89] (COY)
Pat Riley
[90]

1993–94
Eastern *
7000200000000000000♠2nd ¤
Atlantic ^
1st
57
25
.695
—
Won First Round vs. New Jersey Nets, 3-1
Won Conference Semifinals vs. Chicago Bulls, 4–3
Won Conference Finals vs. Indiana Pacers, 4–3
Lost NBA Finals to Houston Rockets, 4–3[91] *
—
Pat Riley
[92]

1994–95
Eastern
7000300000000000000♠3rd ¤
Atlantic
2nd
55
27
.671
2
Won First Round vs. Cleveland Cavaliers, 3–1
Lost Conference Semifinals to Indiana Pacers, 4–3[93]
Anthony Mason[94]
(SIX)
Pat Riley
[95]

1995–96
Eastern
7000500000000000000♠5th ¤
Atlantic
2nd
47
35
.573
13
Won First Round vs. Cleveland Cavaliers, 3–0
Lost Conference Semifinals to Chicago Bulls, 4–1[96]
—
Don Nelson
Jeff Van Gundy
[97]

1996–97
Eastern
7000300000000000000♠3rd ¤
Atlantic
2nd
57
25
.695
4
Won First Round vs. Charlotte Hornets, 3–0
Lost Conference Semifinals to Miami Heat, 4–3[98]
John Starks[94] (SIX)
Jeff Van Gundy
[99]

1997–98
Eastern
7000700000000000000♠7th ¤
Atlantic
2nd
43
39
.524
12
Won First Round vs. Miami Heat, 3–2
Lost Conference Semifinals to Indiana Pacers, 4–1[100]
—
Jeff Van Gundy
[101]

1998–99[k]
Eastern *
7000800000000000000♠8th ¤
Atlantic
4th
27
23
.540
6
Won First Round vs. Miami Heat, 3–2
Won Conference Semifinals vs. Atlanta Hawks, 4–0
Won Conference Finals vs. Indiana Pacers, 4–2
Lost Finals to San Antonio Spurs, 4–1[104] *
—
Jeff Van Gundy
[103]

1999–00
Eastern
7000300000000000000♠3rd ¤
Atlantic
2nd
50
32
.610
2
Won First Round vs. Toronto Raptors, 3–0
Won Conference Semifinals vs. Miami Heat, 4–3
Lost Conference Finals to Indiana Pacers, 4–2[105]
—
Jeff Van Gundy
[106]

2000–01
Eastern
7000400000000000000♠4th ¤
Atlantic
3rd
48
34
.585
5
Lost First Round to Toronto Raptors, 3–2[107]
—
Jeff Van Gundy
[108]

2001–02
Eastern
7001130000000000000♠13th
Atlantic
7th
30
52
.366
22
—
—
Jeff Van Gundy
Don Chaney
[109]

2002–03
Eastern
7001100000000000000♠10th
Atlantic
6th[l]
37
45
.451
12
—
—
Don Chaney
[110]

2003–04
Eastern
7000700000000000000♠7th ¤
Atlantic
3rd
39
43
.476
8
Lost First Round to New Jersey Nets, 4–0[111]
—
Don Chaney
Herb Williams
Lenny Wilkens
[112]

2004–05
Eastern
7001120000000000000♠12th
Atlantic
5th[m]
33
49
.402
12
—
—
Lenny Wilkens
Herb Williams
[113]

2005–06
Eastern
7001150000000000000♠15th
Atlantic
5th
23
59
.280
26
—
—
Larry Brown
[114]

2006–07
Eastern
7001120000000000000♠12th
Atlantic
4th
33
49
.402
14
—
—
Isiah Thomas
[115]

2007–08
Eastern
7001140000000000000♠14th
Atlantic
5th
23
59
.280
43
—
—
Isiah Thomas
[116]

2008–09
Eastern
7001140000000000000♠14th
Atlantic
5th
32
50
.390
30
—
—
Mike D'Antoni
[117]

2009–10
Eastern
7001110000000000000♠11th
Atlantic
3rd
29
53
.354
21
—
—
Mike D'Antoni
[118]

2010–11
Eastern
7000600000000000000♠6th ¤
Atlantic
2nd
42
40
.512
14
Lost First Round to Boston Celtics, 4–0[119]
—
Mike D'Antoni
[120]

2011–12[n]
Eastern
7000700000000000000♠7th ¤
Atlantic
2nd
36
30
.545
14
Lost First Round to Miami Heat, 4–1[123]
Tyson Chandler[124] (DPOY)
Mike D'Antoni
Mike Woodson
[122]

2012–13
Eastern
7000200000000000000♠2nd ¤
Atlantic ^
1st
54
28
.659
—
Won First Round vs Boston Celtics, 4–2
Lost Conference Semifinals to Indiana Pacers, 4–2
J. R. Smith[94] (SIX)
Mike Woodson
[125]

2013–14
Eastern
7000900000000000000♠9th
Atlantic
3rd
37
45
.451
11
—
—
Mike Woodson
[126]

2014–15
Eastern
7001150000000000000♠15th
Atlantic
5th
17
65
.207
32
—
—
Derek Fisher
[127]

2015–16
Eastern
7001130000000000000♠13th
Atlantic
3rd
32
50
.390
24
—
—
Derek Fisher
Kurt Rambis
[128]

2016–17
Eastern
7001120000000000000♠12th
Atlantic
3rd
31
51
.378
22
—
—
Jeff Hornacek
[129]

text: All-time records[edit]

text:
Statistic
Wins
Losses
W–L%

New York Knicks regular season record (1946–present)
2,732
2,825
.492

New York Knicks postseason record (1946–present)
185
188
.496

All-time regular and postseason record
2,917
3,013
.492

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The formula is as follows:

G
a
m
e
s

b
e
h
i
n
d

=

(

T
e
a
m

A
′

s

w
i
n
s

−

T
e
a
m

B
′

s

w
i
n
s

)
+
(

T
e
a
m

B
′

s

l
o
s
s
e
s

−

T
e
a
m

A
′

s

l
o
s
s
e
s

)

2

{\displaystyle \mathrm {Games} \ \mathrm {behind} ={\frac {(\mathrm {TeamA's} \ \mathrm {wins} -\mathrm {TeamB's} \ \mathrm {wins} )+(\mathrm {TeamB's} \ \mathrm {losses} -\mathrm {TeamA's} \ \mathrm {losses} )}{\mathrm {2} }}}

^ Jump up to: a b The Conf. finish and Div. finish columns list regular season results and exclude postseason play.
^ Jump up to: a b The Wins and Losses columns list regular season results and exclude any postseason play. Regular and postseason records are combined only below the table.
Jump up ^ Though the Knicks had the same record as Syracuse in the Eastern Division, they lost the tiebreaker and finished fourth.[23]
Jump up ^ Before the 1970–71 season, the NBA realigned into Eastern and Western conferences, with four divisions between them.[46] As a result of the realignment, New York was placed in the Eastern Conference as a member of the Atlantic Division.[47]
Jump up ^ Though the Knicks had the same record as Washington in the Atlantic Division, they lost the tiebreaker and finished fourth.[64]
Jump up ^ Sparrow and Michael Cooper were co-winners of the award.[66]
Jump up ^ Though the Knicks had the same record as New Jersey in the Atlantic Division, they lost the tiebreaker and finished fifth.[76]
Jump up ^ Though the Knicks had the same record as Washington in the Atlantic Division, they lost the tiebreaker and finished third.[77]
Jump up ^ Though the Knicks had the same record as Boston in the Atlantic Division, they lost the tiebreaker and finished second.[86]
Jump up ^ Due to a lockout, the season did not start until February 5, 1999, and all 29 teams played a shortened 50-game regular season schedule.[102][103]
Jump up ^ Though the Knicks had the same record as the Washington Wizards in the Atlantic Division, they lost the tiebreaker and finished sixth.[110]
Jump up ^ Though the Knicks had the same record as Toronto in the Atlantic Division, they lost the tiebreaker and finished fifth.[113]
Jump up ^ Due to a lockout, the season did not start until December 25, 2011 and all 30 teams played a shortened 66-game regular season schedule.[121][122]

tag: ol


document_title: John Pasche

question_text: where did the rolling stones logo come from

root

text: John Pasche

text: Education[edit]

text: John Pasche completed his B. A. in graphic design from the Brighton College of Art between 1963 and 1967. He completed his M. A. at the Royal College of Art in London from 1967 to 1970.[1]

tag: p

text: Work[edit]

text: Royal College of Art[edit]

text: At the Royal College of Art, Pasche created a film poster for Judex in 1969. He also created a film poster, in 1970, for Roger Vadim's film And God Created Woman. He made the poster for a Stamp Design Seminar held at the Royal College of Art in 1970.[2]

text: “John Pasche designed four tour posters for the Rolling Stones between 1970 and 1974 and also worked for other reputed artists, such as Paul McCartney, The Who, The Stranglers and Dr Feelgood. He works as a freelance designer in Surrey, UK, and he still remains a fan of the band, as he says "I have fond memories of a good working relationship with them. The logo is one of the strongest and most recognizable worldwide. And of course I’m proud of that."”[citation needed]

text: Music industry[edit]

text: For The Rolling Stones, Pasche designed the "Tongue and Lip Design" logo in 1969, which was originally reproduced on the Sticky Fingers album. In August 2008, the design was voted the greatest band logo of all time in an online poll.[4] In what was perhaps one of the first cases of rock brand marketing, Jagger reportedly approached the Royal College of Art in 1969 looking to commission images for the band. Pasche designed the logo and ended up working for the Stones from 1970 to 1974. “Face to face with him, the first thing you were aware of was the size of his lips and his mouth,” Pasche said.[5] He also designed posters for many Rolling Stones tours, namely the European tours of 1970 and 1973, and the American tour of 1972. He made a promotional sticker for Goats Head Soup (the image being an actual pot of soup being made with a goat's head) and the single sleeve for the single "She's So Cold".[2]

text: For the United Artists, Pasche has done considerable design work. Among these he has designed album and single sleeves, as well as concert posters for The Stranglers; The Raven (1979), The Stranglers IV (1979), La Folie (1981), Live (X Cert) (1979), "Duchess" (1979) and "Peaches" (1979). He created the single disc picture for Fischer-Z's "The Worker" (1979) and the album cover for Going Deaf For A Living (1980). He made the album cover for The Vapors 1980 album New Clear Days, as well as a 1979 Dr. Feelgood single, "As Long as the Price Is Right" which featured different denomination notes (£5, £10 and £20) stuffed into a bra.[2]

text: Apart from this, he has also done some work for Chrysalis Records, mainly for Art of Noise (1985–87), Les Enfants (1985), Innocence (1990), Into Paradise (1991), Kingmaker (1991), and Jethro Tull, in their two albums Under Wraps and Crest of a Knave (1984-87).[2]

text: His freelance work includes designs for noted performers like Jimi Hendrix (1977), Judas Priest (1975), David Bowie (1976), The Who (1975), Van der Graaf Generator (1975) and the Bay City Rollers (1975).[2]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Awards[1]

1970
IPA Award Best RCA Graphic Design Student

1970
D&AD Awards Annual

1971
D&AD Awards Annual

1973
D&AD Awards Annual

1974
Music Week - Highly Commended Album Sleeve

1975
D&AD Awards Annual

1976
D&AD Silver Award

1977
D&AD Awards Annual

1979
Music Week - Top classical album

1980
D&AD Awards Annual

1980
NME Top Album Sleeve

1980
Music Week - Top Point of Sale Design

1980
Music Week - Top TV Commercial

1981
D&AD Awards Annual

1982
Music Week - Top classical sleeve

1983
D&AD Awards Annual

1983
Music Week - Top Classical Sleeve

1985
D&AD Awards Annual

1987
Music Week - Top Album Sleeve

1987
Music Week - Top Single Sleeve

1988
D&AD Awards Annual

1996
Communication Arts - Award of Excellence

tag: table

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c Pasche, John. "John Pasche CV" (PDF). Retrieved 2006-07-02.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Pasche, John. "John Pasche Design". Retrieved 2006-07-02.
Jump up ^ For The Record (Billboard Magazine). Nielsen Business Media, Inc. 1995-04-08.
Jump up ^ 50 Greatest Band Logos Of All Time
Jump up ^ Original Rolling Stones Tongue Logo Sold for $92,500


document_title: Linea alba (abdomen)

question_text: what abdominal muscle lies to either side of the linea alba

text: Linea alba (abdomen)

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Linea alba

Diagram of sheath of Rectus.

The Obliquus externus abdominis.

Details

Identifiers

Latin
Linea alba

Anatomical terminology
[edit on Wikidata]

text: The white line (Latin: linea alba) is a fibrous structure that runs down the midline of the abdomen in humans and other vertebrates. In humans linea alba runs from the xiphoid process to the pubic symphysis. The name means white line and the linea alba is indeed white, being composed mostly of collagen connective tissue.

text: It is formed by the fusion of the aponeuroses of the abdominal muscles, and it separates the left and right rectus abdominis muscles. In muscular individuals its presence can be seen on the skin, forming the depression between the left and right halves of a "six pack".

text: Because it consists of mostly connective tissue, and does not contain any primary nerves or blood vessels, a median incision through the linea alba is a common surgical approach.

text: Additional images[edit]

text:
Surface anatomy of the front of the thorax and abdomen.

Linea alba

tag: ul


document_title: The Boss Baby

question_text: who plays the wizard clock in boss baby

question_tokens: who plays the wizard clock in boss baby

text: The Boss Baby

text: Plot[edit]

text: A man named Tim Templeton tells a story about his 7-year-old self and his parents, Ted and Janice. One day, Tim is surprised when an infant wearing a business suit arrives at his house in a taxi, and Ted and Janice call him Tim's little brother. Tim is envious of the attention the baby receives, not to mention suspicious when the infant acts odd around him.

text: Soon, Tim learns that the baby can talk like an adult, and he introduces himself as "The Boss". Seeing an opportunity to be rid of him, Tim decides to record a conversation between the Boss Baby and other toddlers who are at Tim's house for a meeting. The Boss Baby and the other infants catch Tim with the recording, and the cassette tape is terminated after the Boss Baby threatens to tear up Tim's favorite stuffed animal, Lam-Lam. With no evidence to support him, Tim's parents ground him for three weeks.

text: The Boss Baby apologizes to Tim and has him suck on a pacifier that transports them to Baby Corp., a place where infants with adult-like minds work to preserve infant love everywhere. The Boss Baby explains that he was sent to see why puppies are being loved more than infants. He has infiltrated Tim's residence because his parents work for Puppy Co., which will unleash a new puppy on pet convention in Las Vegas. The Boss Baby stays intelligent by drinking a "Secret Baby Formula" that enables a baby to act like an adult. However, if a baby does not drink it after a period of time, he or she becomes a regular baby. When they overhear Boss Baby's boss threaten to fire him for not bringing in information, which would strip him of his formula and strand him at the Templetons, he and Tim agree to work together to prevent that.

text: Tim's parents lift the grounding and take them to Puppy Co. for take your child to work day. While there, they slip away and find what they think is the plans for a "Forever Puppy", but they are captured by the company's founder and CEO, Francis E. Francis. They discover that Francis used to be the head of Baby Corp. and Boss Baby's idol, but was fired when it was discovered that his lactose intolerance kept the secret formula from working properly. Francis intends to have the Forever Puppies overshadow babies by stealing Boss Baby's serum bottle and infecting the puppies with it. Tim's parents go with Francis to Las Vegas, and Francis has his brother Eugene pose as Tim and Boss Baby's babysitter to keep them from interfering.

text: Without a steady flow of formula to maintain his intelligence, Boss Baby starts becoming a normal baby. Despite this, he and Tim evade the "babysitter" long enough to reach the airport but are too late to intercept Tim's parents. They sneak on to another plane bound for Las Vegas. There, they stall Francis' presentation when Eugene unwittingly gives away their plan. Furious at their interference, Francis locks Tim's parents up so he can burn them with exhaust from a rocket used to launch the Forever Puppies. Tim and Boss Baby defeat Eugene and move on to save their parents but are intercepted by Francis. Tim and Boss Baby push him off a ledge, making Francis tumble into the formula. Boss Baby opens the rocket to let the puppies out so they can save Tim's parents. His return to baby state is complete while on the rocket, but the baby starts crying and Tim sings to him with the family song to show his appreciation, causing him to jump off the rocket before it launches. After the rocket does launch, Francis tries to attack Boss Baby, but is picked up by Eugene and tells Tim that "This time we'll raise him right".

text: Boss Baby is promoted and leaves. Tim goes back to being an only child, but he and Boss Baby miss each other. After Tim writes a letter convincing him to live with him as his brother, Boss Baby returns to the Templeton family as a regular baby named Theodore Lindsey "Ted" Templeton.

text: Back in the present, Tim is now an adult and the father of two daughters, one of whom acts like Ted did when he was Boss Baby.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Alec Baldwin as Theodore Templeton/Boss Baby, a baby with the mind of an adult[4]
Miles Bakshi as Timmy Templeton, Boss Baby's 7-year-old brother[8][9][10]
Tobey Maguire as Adult Timmy, the narrator[11]
Steve Buscemi as Francis E. Francis, the CEO of Puppy Co and the former CEO of BabyCorp and Boss Baby's nemesis[9]
Jimmy Kimmel as Ted Templeton, Janice's husband and Tim's father[9]
Lisa Kudrow as Janice Templeton, Ted's wife and Tim's mother[9]
Conrad Vernon as Eugene Francis, Francis E. Francis' brother and minion
James McGrath as Wizzie, Tim's Gandalf-esque alarm clock
David Soren as Jimbo
Nina Zoe Bakshi as Tim's Daughter, Girl, Little Girl
Tom McGrath as TV Chef
Walt Dohrn as Photographer
James Ryan as Story Bear
Eric Bell Jr. as Triplets
ViviAnn Yee as Staci
Edie Mirman as The Big Boss Baby, Boss Baby's big boss
James McGrath and James Izzo as Elvis impersonators

text: Production[edit]

text: Upon reading the original book on which the film is based McGrath felt a connection to it, as he had an older brother and felt like "the boss baby of the family".[12] In keeping with that theme he stated, in an interview with Den of Geek, that "My personal goal with this was to watch this movie with my brother, and to see how it affected him!", which resulted in McGrath's brothers being moved to tears by the completed film.[13]

text: The look of the film was inspired by design techniques popularized by in the 1960s,[14] as well as animated films from both 60s and 50s.[12] This was due to McGrath's belief that contemporary animated films focused too much on realism. To help his staff McGrath would play the opening scene of Lady and the Tramp for new hires specifically noting that the film "should be easy on the eyes and really lead your eye to what’s important in the shot.[14]

text: In September 2014, Alec Baldwin and Kevin Spacey joined the cast of the film,[4] with further casting news announced in June 2016, including Steve Buscemi replacing Spacey.[15]

text: Miles Bakshi, son of the DreamWorks Animation's producer Gina Shay and grandson of the film director Ralph Bakshi, provided the voice of 7-year old Tim. Having been often present at DreamWorks, McGrath initially asked Bakshi only to provide a temporary voice for Tim to see if the character "worked". The producers listened to 30 to 40 children to choose the scratch voice. McGrath explained their decision: "No one sounded as authentic as Miles did. A lot of child actors are great, but they are over-articulate for their age. Miles was just natural and charming. He had a little slur to his voice at the time and it was very endearing." Three years later, Miles was told that he got the part.[16] Bakshi was 10 when he began recording the voice. During the long process, his voice started to change and "by the end it got pretty tough", according to Bakshi, who was 14 when the film was released. He had to get his voice "very soft, but when I got that perfect tone it was great."

text: Music[edit]

text: The film was scored by Hans Zimmer, along with Steve Mazzaro and various artists. The film's soundtrack was released on Back Lot Music & iTunes. "Blackbird" by The Beatles is used as part of the plot at various points throughout the film.[17] "My House" by Flo Rida is also used in the trailer for the film.

text: Release[edit]

text: The Boss Baby was initially scheduled for release on March 18, 2016,[18] but was later pushed back to March 31, 2017.[19] The film premiered at the Miami Film Festival on March 12, 2017,[20][21] and was released in the United States on March 31, 2017, by 20th Century Fox.[5]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Boss Baby was released on Digital HD on July 4, 2017, and was released on DVD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and Ultra HD Blu-ray on July 25, 2017 by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment. The releases also include a new short film, The Boss Baby and Tim's Treasure Hunt Through Time.[22]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Boss Baby grossed $175 million in the United States and Canada and $352.9 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $527.9 million.[3]

text: In North America, The Boss Baby opened alongside Ghost in the Shell and The Zookeeper's Wife, and was initially projected to gross around $30 million from 3,773 theaters in its opening weekend.[23] However, after grossing $1.5 million from Thursday night previews and $15.5 million on Friday, weekend projections were increased to $50 million. It ended up debuting to $50.2 million, finishing first at the box office.[24] It remained atop the box office in its second weekend, grossing $26.3 million.[25]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, The Boss Baby has an approval rating of 52% based on 168 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Boss Baby's talented cast, glimmers of wit, and flashes of visual inventiveness can't make up for a thin premise and a disappointing willingness to settle for doody jokes."[26] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 50 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[27] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, while those under 18 (who made up 41% of the attendance) gave it an "A+".[24]

text: Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times praised Baldwin and the adult humor, saying: "The contrast between the helpless-infant stage of life and corporate-speak is funny but fairly high-concept for a kiddie movie, and the plot grows denser as it goes along and the baby and Tim reluctantly join forces to stop a conspiracy by which puppies would corner all the love in the world."[28]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Ref.

Academy Awards

March 4, 2018

Best Animated Feature

Tom McGrath and Ramsey Ann Naito

Nominated

[6]

Annie Awards

February 3, 2018

Best Animated Feature

Ramsey Ann Naito

Nominated

[29]

Character Animation in an Animated Feature Production

Bryce McGovern

Nominated

Rani Naamani

Nominated

Character Design in an Animated Feature Production

Joe Moshier

Nominated

Directing in an Animated Feature Production

Tom McGrath

Nominated

Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production

Glenn Harmon

Nominated

Golden Globe Awards

January 7, 2018

Best Animated Feature Film

Tom McGrath

Nominated

[30]

Hollywood Music in Media Awards

November 16, 2017

Best Original Score – Animated Film

Hans Zimmer, Steve Mazzaro

Nominated

[31]

Online Film Critics Society

December 28, 2017

Best Voice-Over Performance

Alec Baldwin

Nominated

[32]

Producers Guild of America Award

January 20, 2018

Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Picture

Ramsey Ann Naito

Nominated

[33]

San Diego Film Critics Society

December 11, 2017

Best Animated Film

The Boss Baby

Runner-up

[34]

Satellite Awards

February 10, 2018

Best Animated or Mixed Media Feature

Nominated

[35]

Saturn Awards

June 2018

Best Animated Film

The Boss Baby

Nominated

[36]

Visual Effects Society Awards

February 13, 2018

Outstanding Animated Character in an Animated Feature

Alec Baldwin, Carlos Puertolas, Rani Naamani, Joe Moshier for "Boss Baby"

Nominated

[37]

Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Animated Feature

Mitul Patel, Gaurav Mathus, Venkatesh Kongathi

Nominated

text: Franchise[edit]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: On May 25, 2017, Universal Pictures and DreamWorks Animation announced a sequel is set to be released on March 26, 2021, with Alec Baldwin reprising his role.[38]

text: Television series[edit]

text: On December 12, 2017, DreamWorks Animation and Netflix announced that an animated series based on the film, titled The Boss Baby: Back in Business, would be planned for a 2018 release.[39]


document_title: Heathrow Terminal 3

question_text: which terminal does virgin atlantic fly into at heathrow

text: Heathrow Terminal 3

text: History[edit]

text: Terminal 3 was opened as the Oceanic Terminal on 13 November 1961; it was built to handle flight departures for long-haul routes.[1] At this time, the airport had a direct helicopter service to central London from the gardens on the roof of the terminal building. Renamed Terminal 3 in 1968, it was expanded in 1970 with the addition of an arrivals building. Other facilities added included the UK's first moving walkways. Two US airlines, Pan American World Airways and Trans World Airlines (TWA), dominated operations at the terminal throughout the 1960s and 1970s. In 1969 the terminal was renovated to handle the new Boeing 747 which was introduced to the airport on 23 January 1970. Pan American sold its Heathrow landing rights to United Airlines in 1990 and TWA sold its to American Airlines in 1992.

text: The terminal was refurbished between 1987 and 1990 at a cost of £110 million.[2] In 2006, the new £105 million Pier 6 was completed[3] to accommodate the Airbus A380 superjumbo; Emirates and Qantas now operate regular flights from Terminal 3 using the Airbus A380. Redevelopment of Terminal 3's forecourt through the addition of a new four-lane drop-off area and a large pedestrianised plaza, complete with canopy to the front of the terminal building, was completed in 2007. These improvements were intended to improve passengers' experiences, reduce traffic congestion and improve security. As part of this project, Virgin Atlantic was assigned its own dedicated check-in area, known as 'Zone A', which features a large sculpture and atrium. As of 2013, Terminal 3 has an area of 98,962 square metres (1,065,220 sq ft).[4]

text: Heathrow Airport Limited also has plans for a £1bn upgrade of the rest of the terminal over the next ten years[when?] which will include the renovation of aircraft piers and the arrivals forecourt. A new baggage system connecting to Terminal 5 (for British Airways connections) is currently under construction. In addition to the baggage system, the baggage claim hall is also set to undergo changes with dedicated A380 belts and an improved design and layout.[5]

text: Usage[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The main presences in Terminal 3 are American Airlines, British Airways and Virgin Atlantic, which have their UK hubs located here. Emirates and Qantas are the other major users of the terminal.

text: Oneworld[edit]

text: Terminal 3 is used by the majority of the members of the Oneworld airline alliance: American Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Finnair, Japan Airlines, Qantas, Royal Jordanian, SriLankan Airlines, TAM and British Airways (which also uses Terminal 5). However it is not used by Iberia (Terminal 5 only), Malaysia Airlines and Qatar Airways (both Terminal 4 only). It is also used by Vueling, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of International Airlines Group, the parent of British Airways and Iberia, but is not itself a member of Oneworld. Vueling, British Airways, and Finnair are the only airlines offering short-haul flights from this terminal.

text: Non-aligned[edit]

text: The principal non-aligned airlines are Emirates and Virgin Atlantic; others include Iran Air, Pakistan International Airlines, Philippine Airlines and Beijing Capital Airlines.

text: SkyTeam[edit]

text: Three SkyTeam member airlines use Terminal 3: Delta Air Lines, Garuda Indonesia, and Middle East Airlines. Delta moved all flights to Terminal 3 on 14 September 2016 to ease connections with partner Virgin Atlantic.

text: Star Alliance[edit]

text: A number of Star Alliance airlines used this terminal:Air Canada, Air China, All Nippon Airways, Egyptair, Ethiopian Airlines, EVA Air, Scandinavian Airlines, Singapore Airlines, Thai Airways International, and Turkish Airlines. Today, they have no presence in Terminal 3.

text: Ground transportation[edit]

text: Inter-terminal transport[edit]

text: Terminal 3 is connected by an underground walkway to Terminal 2. Terminals 4 and 5 can be reached by the free Heathrow Express rail service. London Underground services can also be used to transfer to Terminals 4 and 5 (the former requiring a change of train at Hatton Cross), but this service is only free to Oyster card holders.[6]

text: In addition, numerous buses ply between the Central Bus Station (for Terminals 2 and 3) and the other terminals. However, using the train service is much quicker and easier for passengers with luggage. The bus service is free between terminals.

text: Road links[edit]

text: As part of the three central terminals at Heathrow, it is well linked to the M4 motorway via the M4 spur road and through a tunnel under the north runway.

text: Rail links[edit]

text: Terminal 3 is accessed by the London Underground from Heathrow Terminals 2 & 3 tube station, with trains towards Cockfosters via Central London. The Terminal is also accessed by Heathrow Connect and Heathrow Express from Heathrow Central where services go to Paddington. Heathrow Connect services are due to be replaced by Crossrail when it finally opens at some point in the future and services would be increased from two trains per hour (about every 30 minutes) to four trains per hour (about every 15 minutes).

text: Bus links[edit]

text: Terminal 3 is accessible to both bus and coach services from Heathrow Central bus station.

text: There are also several coach services operated by National Express operating to other London airports such as Gatwick, Stansted and Luton; and other cities in the United Kingdom.


document_title: Look Who's Talking

question_text: mikey's voice from look who's talking

question_tokens: mikey 's voice from look who 's talking

text: Look Who's Talking

text: Plot[edit]

text: Mollie is an accountant living in New York City who has an affair with Albert, a womanizing executive who is married with two children, and becomes pregnant. During her pregnancy, Mollie and Albert keep their indiscretion secret, under the idea she was artificially inseminated, and that Albert plans to leave his wife Beth and their two children to be with her. Mollie and her friend Rona happen to catch Albert fooling around with his interior decorator Melissa and he admits he is planning on living with her after his divorce is finalized. Mollie leaves upset, and immediately goes into labor. She gets into a cab where the driver, James Ubriacco, recklessly speeds through downtown traffic in order to get her to the hospital on time, and he is inadvertently a witness to her son Mikey's birth. Mikey then begins to make commentary on his life and interacts with things through an inner voice which can also communicate with other babies.

text: Hoping to get her life back on track, Mollie becomes a dedicated single mother; refusing to be superficial about hopeful fathers, but rejecting several men over small quirks that may reflect badly upon Mikey in the future. She meets James again at her apartment building and discovers he used her mailing address to set up residency in order to get his grandfather Vincent into a nice care home. She agrees to continue the ruse when he agrees to babysit Mikey, which almost comes to a halt when he takes the baby out to the airport, where he is a part-time commercial pilot while she is taking a nap (leading her to believe he had kidnapped Mikey). A year passes, and James, realizing his feelings for Mollie cause him to start sabotaging one of her dates, she soon realizes the bond he and Mikey share and decides to give him a chance. After a visit to James' grandfather at his new home, James takes her for flying lessons and she realizes she's falling for him, but when they become intimate, she imagines their life together and resists. James tells Mollie that he loves her, but she says she only wants what is best for Mikey and kicks him out. Back at work, Mollie is forced by her boss to continue to work with Albert, who insists upon seeing Mikey and she agrees. But when Albert visits, he meets James and the two get into an argument, the secret upsetting James. He asks Mollie if she loves Albert and she claims she does not know. When he suggests the idea of being the closest thing to a father Mikey has, Mollie tells him that he is like a big kid and is not responsible enough to be a father. James calls her out for using Mikey to push men away including himself and he storms out. At the playground, Mikey is told by his friends what "daddies" are, and he realizes he wants James to be his daddy. James comes to the apartment and tells Mikey that he will not be around any more, and Mollie listens over the baby monitor as he pours his heart out to Mikey, who admits he will miss James, too.

text: Mollie takes Mikey to Albert's office to meet him, but when Albert claims he does not want the responsibility of being a father, Mollie realizes he has not changed and she and Mikey ruin several pieces of his furniture before storming out and putting Albert out of their lives for good. Back at home, she receives a call from Vincent's home telling her that he is a disruptive influence and abusive to the staff, and she rushes over to clear up the error, managing to convince them to keep Vincent as he was given a chocolate stash that James had earlier instructed an orderly (who did not speak English) not to let him have more than one a day or it would cause these outbursts. James arrives and he and Mollie make up. Meanwhile, Mikey wanders off on his own, searching for James when he sees a taxi cab outside. After making his way out to the alley, he gets into a car and is towed away while Mollie and James search frantically for him. After spotting him, James and Mollie give chase in his cab and eventually cut off the tow truck, but discover Mikey had gotten out of the car and is now standing in the middle of heavy traffic. James and Mollie run to reach him and take him to safety, where Mikey unofficially asks James to be his father by saying his first word "Da-da". James and Mollie realize that Mikey already sees James as his father, and they decide to give it a chance, kissing passionately while Mikey considers telling them he needs a new diaper, before deciding to wait.

text: Nine months later, Mollie gives birth to her and James' daughter Julie. When Mikey greets his half-sister she "tells" him she had a day he would not believe.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
John Travolta as James Ubriacco
Kirstie Alley as Mollie Jensen
George Segal as Albert
Olympia Dukakis as Rosie
Twink Caplan as Rona
Joy Boushel as Melissa
Abe Vigoda as Grandpa Vincent Ubriacco
Christopher Aydon as Michael "Mikey" Jensen (age 2 years)
Jacob Haines as Mikey (age 1 year)
Jaryd Waterhouse as Mikey (age 6 months)
Jason Schaller as Mikey (fetus-newborn)

text: Voices

text:
Bruce Willis as the voice of Mikey
Joan Rivers as the voice of Julie (uncredited)

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film received mixed reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a score of 59% based on reviews from 34 critics.[6] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[7]

text: Look Who's Talking was a surprise hit, grossing $140,088,813 domestically and a worldwide total of $296,999,813,[3] making it Travolta's most successful film in 11 years since Grease and the fourth highest-grossing movie of 1989.[3]

text: Sequels and reboot[edit]

text: The film was successful enough to spawn two sequels: Look Who's Talking Too (1990) and Look Who's Talking Now (1993). The success of the first two films also inspired an ABC sitcom called Baby Talk, which aired from 1991–92 and featured Tony Danza as the voice of "Baby Mickey." John Travolta, Kirstie Alley, and Olympia Dukakis are the only actors to appear in all three films in the series.

text: On April 6, 2010, it was reported that Fast & Furious' producer Neal H. Moritz is planning to reboot the series.[8]


document_title: Farrukhsiyar

question_text: who was the mughal emperor who granted dastak to the british

text: Farrukhsiyar

text: Early life[edit]

text: Muhammad Farrukhsiyar was born on 11 September 1683 (9th Ramzan 1094 AH) in the city of Aurangabad on the Deccan plateau. He was the second son of Azim-ush-Shan. In 1696, Farrukhsiyar accompanied his father on his campaign to Bengal. Mughal emperor Aurangzeb recalled his grandson, Azim-ush-Shan, from Bengal in 1707 and instructed Farrukhsiyar to take charge of the province. Farrukhsiyar spent his early years in the capital city of Dhaka (in present-day Bangladesh); during the reign of Bahadur Shah I, he moved to Murshidabad (present-day West Bengal, India).[2]

text: In 1712 Azim-ush-Shan anticipated Bahadur Shah I's death and a struggle for power, and recalled Farrukhsiyar. He was marching past Azimabad (present-day Patna, Bihar, India) when he learned of the Mughal emperor's death. On 21 March Farrukhsiyar proclaimed his father's accession to the throne, issued coinage in his name and ordered khutba (public prayer).[2] On 6 April, he learned of his father's defeat. Although the prince considered suicide, he was dissuaded by his friends from Bengal.[3]

text: War of succession[edit]

text: In 1712 Jahandar Shah (Farrukhsiyar's uncle) ascended the throne of the Mughal empire by defeating Farrukhsiyar's father, Azim-ush-Shan. Farrukhsiyar wanted revenge for his father's death and was joined by Hussain Ali Khan (the subahdar of Bengal) and Abdullah Khan, his brother and the subahdar of Allahabad.[4]

text: When they reached Allahabad from Azimabad, Jahandar Shah's military general Syed Abdul Ghaffar Khan Gardezi and 12,000 troops clashed with Abdullah Khan and Abdullah retreated to the Allahabad Fort. However, Gardezi's army fled when they learned about his death. After the defeat, Jahandar Shah sent general Khwaja Ahsan Khan and his son Aazuddin. When they reached Khajwah (present-day Fatehpur district, Uttar Pradesh, India), they learned that Farrukhsiyar was accompanied by Hussain Ali Khan and Abdullah Khan. With Abdullah Khan commanding the vanguard, Farrukhsiyar began the attack. After a night-long artillery fight, Aazuddin and Khwaja Ahsan Khan fled and the camp fell to Farrukhsiyar.[4]

text: On 10 January 1713 Farrukhsiyar and Jahandar Shah's forces met at Samugarh, 9 miles (14 km) east of Agra in present-day Uttar Pradesh. Jahandar Shah was defeated and imprisoned, and the following day Farrukhsiyar proclaimed himself the Mughal emperor.[5] On 12 February he marched to the Mughal capital of Delhi, capturing the Red Fort and the citadel. Jahandar Shah's head, mounted on a bamboo rod, was carried by an executioner on an elephant and his body was carried by another elephant.[6]

text: Reign[edit]

text: Appointments[edit]

text: Farrukhsiyar appointed Sayid Abdullah Khan chief minister and placed Muhammad Baqir Mutamid Khan in charge of the Exchequer. The title of bakshi was first conferred on Hussain Ali Khan (with the titles of Umdat-ul-Mulk, Amir-ul-umara and Bahadur Firuz Jung) and then to Chin Qilich Khan and Afrasayab Khan Bahadur.[7]

text: The following were governors of the provinces; the governor of South India was Chin Qilich Khan, who appointed deputy governors:[8][9][10]

text:
North India
South India

Province
Governor/Chief Minister
Province
Deputy governor

Agra
Shams ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan
Berar
Iwaz Khan

Ajmer
Syed Muzaffar Khan Barha
Bidar
Amin Khan

Allahabad
Khan Jahan
Bijapur
Mansur Khan

Awadh
Sarbuland Khan
Burhanpur
Shukrullah Khan

Bengal
Farkhunda Bakht
Hyderabad
Yusuf Khan

Bihar
Syed Hussain Ali Khan
Karnataka
Saadatullah Khan

Delhi
Muhammad Yar Khan

Gujarat
Shahamat Khan

Kabul
Bahadur Nasir Jang

Kashmir
Saadat Khan

Lahore
Abdus Samad Khan

Malwa
Raja Jai Singh of Amber

Multan
Qutb-ul-Mulk

Orissa
Murshid Quli Khan

text: Hostility with the Sayyid brothers[edit]

text: Farrukhsiyar defeated Jahandar Shah with the aid of the Sayyid brothers, and Abdullah Khan—one of the brothers—wanted the post of wazir (prime minister). His demand was rejected, since the post was promised to Ghaziuddin Khan, but Farrukhsiyar offered him a post as regent under the name of wakil-e-mutlaq. Abdullah Khan refused, saying that he deserved the post of wazir since he led Farrukhsiyar's army against Jahandar Shah. Farrukhsiyar ultimately gave in to his demand, and Abdullah Khan became prime minister.[11]

text: According to historian William Irvine, Farrukhsiyar's close aides Mir Jumla III and Khan Dauran sowed seeds of suspicion in his mind that they might usurp him from the throne. Learning about these developments, the other Sayyid brother (Hussain Ali Khan) wrote to Abdullah: "It was clear, from the Prince's talk and the nature of his acts, that he was a man who paid no regard to claims for service performed, one void of faith, a breaker of his word and altogether without shame".[12] Hussain Ali Khan felt it necessary to act in their interests "without regard to the plans of the new sovereign".[13]

text: Campaign against Ajit Singh[edit]

text: Maharaja Ajit Singh captured Ajmer with the support of the Marwari nobles and expelled Mughal diplomats from his state. Farrukhsiyar sent Hussain Ali Khan to subjuguate him. However, the anti-Sayyid brothers faction in the Mughal emperor's court compelled him to send secret letters to Ajit Singh assuring him of rewards if he defeated Hussain Ali Khan.[14]

text: Hussain left Delhi for Ajmer on 6 January 1714, accompanied by Sarbuland Khan and Afrasyab Khan. As his army reached Sarai Sahal, Ajit Singh sent diplomats who failed to negotiate a peace. As Hussain Ali Khan advanced to Ajmer via Jodhpur, Jaiselmer and Mairtha, Ajit Singh retreated to the deserts hoping to dissuade the Mughal general from a battle. As Hussain advanced, Ajit Singh surrendered at Mairtha.[15] As a result, Mughal authority was restored in Rajasthan. Ajit Singh gave his daughter, Indira Kanwar, as a bride to Farrukhsiyar.[16] His son, Abhai Singh, was compelled to accompany him to see the Mughal emperor.[17]

text: Campaign against the Jats[edit]

text: Due to Aurangzeb's 25-year campaign on the Deccan plateau, Mughal authority weakened in North India with the rise of local rulers. Taking advantage of the situation, the Jats advanced.[18] In early 1713, Farrukhsiyar unsuccessfully sent subahdar of Agra Chabela Ram to defeat Churaman (the Jat leader). His successor, Samsamud Daulah Khan, compelled Churaman to negotiate with the Mughal emperor. Raja Bahadur Rathore accompanied him to the Mughal court, where negotiations with Farrukhsiyar failed.[19]

text: In September 1716 Raja Jai Singh II undertook a campaign against Churaman, who lived in Thun (in present-day Rajasthan, India). By 19 November, Jai Singh II began besieging the Thun fort.[20] In December Churaman's son, Muhkam Singh, marched from the fort and battled Jai Singh II; the Raja claimed victory. With the Mughals running out of ammunition, Syed Muzaffar Khan was ordered to bring gunpowder, rockets and mounds of lead from the arsenal at Agra.[21]

text: By January 1718, the siege had lasted for more than a year. With rain coming late in 1717, prices of commodities increased and Raja Jai Singh II found it difficult to continue the siege. He wrote to Farrukhsiyar for reinforcement, saying that he had overcome "many encounters" with the Jats. This failed to impress Farrukhsiyar, so Jai Singh II (via his agent in Delhi) informed Syed Abdullah that he would give three million rupees to the government and two million rupees to the minister if he championed his cause to the emperor. With negotiations between Syed Abdullah and Farrukhsiyar successful, he accepted his demands and dispatched Syed Khan Jahan to bring Churaman to the Mughal court. He also gave a farman to Raja Jai Singh II, thanking him for the siege.[22]

text: On 19 April 1718, Churaman was presented to Farrukhsiyar; they negotiated for peace, with Churaman accepting Mughal authority. Khan Jahan was given the title of Bahadur ("brave"). It was decided that Churaman would pay five million rupees in cash and goods to Farrukhsiyar via Syed Abdullah.[23]

text: Defeat and execution of Banda Bahadur[edit]

text: Banda Bahadur was a Sikh leader who, by early 1700, had captured parts of the Punjab region.[24] Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah I failed to suppress Bahadur's uprising.[25][full citation needed]

text: In 1714, the Sirhind faujdar (garrison commander) Zainuddin Ahmad Khan attacked the Sikhs near Ropar. In 1715, Farrukhisyar sent 20,000 troops under Qamaruddin Khan, Abdus Samad Khan and Zakariya Khan Bahadur to defeat Bahadur.[24] After an eight-month siege at Gurdaspur, Bahadur surrendered after he ran out of ammunition. Bahadur and his 200 companions were arrested and brought to Delhi; he was paraded around the city of Sirhind.[26]

text: When Farrukhsiyar's army reached the Red Fort, the Mughal emperor ordered Banda Bahadur, Baj Singh, Bhai Fateh Singh and his companions to be imprisoned in Tripolia.[27] Although the emperor promised to spare the Sikhs who converted to Islam, according to William Irvine "not one prisoner proved false to his faith". On 19 June 1716 Farrukhsiyar had Bahadur and his followers executed, despite the wealthy Khatris of Delhi offering money for his release.[28]

text: Trade concession[edit]

text: In 1717, Farrukhsiyar issued a farman giving the British East India Company the right to reside and trade in the Mughal kingdom. They were allowed to trade freely, except for a yearly payment of 3,000 rupees. This was because William Hamilton, a surgeon associated with the company cured Farrukhsiyar of a disease.[29] The company was given the right to issue dastak (passes) for the movement of goods, which was misused by company officials for personal gain.[30]

text: Final struggle with the Sayyids[edit]

text: By 1715, Farrukhsiyar had given Mir Jumla III the power to sign documents on his behalf: "The word and seal of Mir Jumla are my word and seal". Mir Jumla III began approving proposals for jagirs and mansabs without consulting Syed Abdullah, the prime minister.[31] Syed Abdullah's deputy Ratan Chand accepted bribes for him to do work and was involved in revenue farming, which was forbidden by the Mughal emperor. Taking advantage of the situation, Mir Jumla III told Farrukhsiyar that the Sayyids were unfit to hold office and accused them of insubordination. Hoping to depose the brothers, Farrukhsiyar began making military preparations and increased the number of soldiers under Mir Jumla III and Khan Dauran.[32]

text: After Syed Hussain learned about Farrukhsiyar's plans, he felt that their position could be cemented by controlling "important provinces". He asked to be appointed viceroy of the Deccan, instead of Nizam ul Mulk; Farrukhsiyar refused, transferring him to the Deccan instead. Fearing attack by Farrukhsiyar's supporters, the brothers began making military preparations. Although Farrukhsiyar initially considered giving the task of crushing the brothers to Mohammad Amin Khan (who wanted the position of prime minister in return), he decided against it because removing him would be difficult.[33]

text: Arriving at the Deccan, Syed Hussain made a treaty with Maratha ruler Shahu I in February 1718. He was allowed to collect sardeshmukhi in Deccan, and received the lands of Berar and Gondwana to govern. In return, Shahu agreed to pay one million rupees annually and maintain an army of 15,000 horses for the Sayyids. This agreement was reached without Farrukhsiyar's approval,[34] and he was angry when he learned about it: "It was not proper for the vile enemy to be overbearing partners in matters of revenue and government."[35]

text: Deposition[edit]

text: To fight the Sayyids, Farrukhsiyar summoned Ajit Singh, Nizam-ul-Mulk and Sarbuland Khan to the court with their troops; the armies' combined strength was 80,000. He did not summon Mir Jumla III and Khan Dauran, since the former failed in a campaign in Bihar and he felt that the latter had conspired with the Sayyid brothers to depose him. However, Syed Abdullah's troop strength was about 3,000. According to Satish Chandra, Farrukhsiyar could have defeated him with the help of the nobles; he did not do it, since he believed it would be difficult to get rid of them afterwards. He appointed Muhammad Murad Kashmiri as the new wazir (prime minister), replacing Syed Abdullah. Kashmiri was a notorious for having sexual relationships with boys; this angered the nobles, who resigned from his court. Ajit Singh, alienated because he was removed from Gujarat for oppression, also sided with the Sayyids.[36] By the end of 1718, when Syed Hussain began his march from the Deccan with 10,000 troops under Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, Farrukhsiyar could only secure Jai Singh II's support. Syed Hussain's excuse for marching towards Delhi was to bring a son of the Maratha ruler Shahu to him.[37]

text: With the support of Mohammad Amin Khan, Ajit Singh and Khan Dauran, Syed Hussain fought Farrukhsiyar; after a night-long battle, he was deposed on 28 February 1719. The Sayyid brothers placed Rafi ud-Darajat on the throne. Farrukhsiyar was imprisoned in Tripolia and blinded.[38] During his imprisonment he was served bitter, salty food and deprived of water. He passed the time by reciting verses from the Quran.[39] Although Farrukhsiyar tried to bribe jailer Abdullah Khan Afghan with the command of 7,000 troops if he released him and brought him to Jai Singh II, the bribe was refused.[40] On 29 April 1719 he was strangled by unknown assailants and buried in Humayun's Tomb beside his father, Azim-ush-Shan.[41]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Family[edit]

text: Farrukhsiyar's first wife was Fakhr-un-nissa Begum, also known as Gauhar-un-nissa, the daughter of Mir Muhammad Taqi (known as Hasan Khan and then Sadat Khan). Taqi, from the Persian province of Mazandaran, married the daughter of Masum Khan Safawi; if she was the mother of Fakhr-un-nissa, this would account for her daughter's selection as the prince's wife.[42]

text: His second wife was Bai Indira Kanwar, the daughter of Maharajah Ajit Singh. [43] She married Farrukhsiyar on 27 September 1715, during the fourth year of his reign, and they had no children. After Farrukhsiyar's deposition and death she was removed from the imperial harem on 16 July 1719, given back to her father with her property and returned to Jodhpur.[44]

text: Farrukhsiyar's third wife was Bai Bhup Devi, daughter of Jaya Singh (the raja of Kishtwar, who had converted to Islam and received the name of Bakhtiyar Khan). After Jaya Singh's death he was succeeded by his son, Kirat Singh. In 1717, in response to a message from the Shaykh al-Islām, her brother Kirat Singh sent her to Delhi with her brother Mian Muhammad Khan. Farrukhsiyar married her, and she entered the imperial harem on 3 July 1717.[44][45]

text: Titles[edit]

text: His full name was Abul Muzaffer Muinuddin Muhammad Farrukhsiyar Badshah.[46] Posthumously, he was known as "Shahid-i-marhum" (the martyr received with mercy).[47]

text: Coinage[edit]

text: On coins issued during Farrukhsiyar's reign, the following phrase was inscribed: "Sikka zad az fazl-i-Haq bar sim o zar/ Padshah-i-bahr-o-bar Farrukhsiyar" (By the grace of the true God, struck on silver and gold, the emperor of land and sea, Farrukhsiyar).[47] There are 116 coins from his reign on display at the Lahore Museum and the Indian Museum in Kolkata. The coins were minted in Kabul, Kashmir, Ajmer, Allahabad, Bidar and Berar.[47]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The town of Farrukhnagar in Gurgaon district, 32 kilometres (20 mi) south of Delhi, was named for him. During his reign, he built a sheesh mahal (palace) and a Jama Masjid (mosque) there.

text:
Farrukhsiyar
Timurid dynasty

Preceded by
Jahandar Shah
Mughal Emperor
1713–1719
Succeeded by
Rafi Ul-Darjat

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. p. 193. ISBN 978-93-80607-34-4.
^ Jump up to: a b Irvine, p. 198.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 199.
^ Jump up to: a b Asiatic Society of Bengal, p. 273.
Jump up ^ Asiatic Society of Bengal, p. 274.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 255.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 258.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 261.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 262.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 263.
Jump up ^ Tazkirat ul-Mulk by Yahya Khan p.122
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 282.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 283.
Jump up ^ The Cambridge Shorter history of India p.456
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 288–290.
Jump up ^ Fisher, p. 78.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 290.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 322.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 323.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 324.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 325.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 326.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 327.
^ Jump up to: a b "Marathas and the English Company 1707–1800". San Beck. Retrieved 18 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Richards, p. 258.
Jump up ^ Singha, p. 15.
Jump up ^ Singha, p. 16.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 319.
Jump up ^ Samaren Roy. Calcutta: Society and Change 1690–1990. iUniverse. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-595-34230-3.
Jump up ^ Vipul Singh, Jasmine Dhillon, Gita Shanmugavel. History and Civics. Pearson ohohohohogohohohIndia. p. 73. ISBN 978-81-317-6320-9. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
Jump up ^ Chandra, p. 476.
Jump up ^ Chandra, p. 477.
Jump up ^ Chandra, p. 478.
Jump up ^ Ram Sivasankaran (22 December 2015). The Peshwa: The Lion and the Stallion. Westland. p. 5. ISBN 978-93-85724-70-1.
Jump up ^ Chandra, p. 481.
Jump up ^ Chandra, p. 482.
Jump up ^ Chandra, p. 483.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 390.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 391.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 392.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 392–93.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 400-1.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 400.
^ Jump up to: a b Irvine, p. 401.
Jump up ^ Proceedings - Punjab History Conference - Volumes 29-30. Punjabi University. 1998. p. 85.
Jump up ^ Irvine, p. 398.
^ Jump up to: a b c Irvine, p. 399.