document_title: List of Alabama Crimson Tide bowl games

question_text: when did alabama play in the rose bowl

question_tokens: when did alabama play in the rose bowl

text: List of Alabama Crimson Tide bowl games

text: Key[edit]

text:
General

Bowl game record attendance

Former bowl game record attendance

*
Denotes national championship game

§
Denotes College Football Playoff game

Results

W
Win

L
Loss

T
Tie

text: Bowl games[edit]

text:
List of bowl games showing bowl played in, score, date, season, opponent, stadium, location, attendance and head coach[A 1]

#
Bowl[2]
Score[A 2]
Date
Season[A 3]
Opponent[A 4]
Stadium
Location
Attendance[28]
Head coach

1
Rose Bowl
1 !W 20–19
000000001926-01-01-0000January 1, 1926
1925
Washington Huskies
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
50,000
Wade, WallaceWallace Wade

2
Rose Bowl
0 !T 7–7
000000001927-01-01-0000January 1, 1927
1926
Stanford
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
57,417
Wade, WallaceWallace Wade

3
Rose Bowl
24 !W 24–0
000000001931-01-01-0000January 1, 1931
1930
Washington State Cougars
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
60,000
Wade, WallaceWallace Wade

4
Rose Bowl
16 !W 29–13
000000001935-01-01-0000January 1, 1935
1934
Stanford Indians
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
84,474
Frank ThomasFrank Thomas

5
Rose Bowl
-13 !L 13–0
000000001938-01-01-0000January 1, 1938
1937
California Golden Bears
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
90,000
Frank ThomasFrank Thomas

6
Cotton Bowl Classic
8 !W 29–21
000000001942-01-01-0000January 1, 1942
1941
Texas A&M Aggies
Cotton Bowl
Dallas
38,000
Frank ThomasFrank Thomas

7
Orange Bowl
16 !W 37–21
000000001943-01-01-0000January 1, 1943
1942
Boston College Eagles
Orange Bowl
Miami
25,166
Frank ThomasFrank Thomas

8
Sugar Bowl
-3 !L 29–26
000000001945-01-01-0000January 1, 1945
1944
Duke Blue Devils
Tulane Stadium
New Orleans
72,000
Frank ThomasFrank Thomas

9
Rose Bowl
20 !W 34–14
000000001946-01-01-0000January 1, 1946
1945
USC Trojans
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
93,000
Frank ThomasFrank Thomas

10
Sugar Bowl
-20 !L 27–7
000000001948-01-01-0000January 1, 1948
1947
Texas Longhorns
Tulane Stadium
New Orleans
72,000
Drew, HaroldHarold Drew

11
Orange Bowl
55 !W 61–6
000000001953-01-01-0000January 1, 1953
1952
Syracuse Orangemen
Orange Bowl
Miami
66,280
Drew, HaroldHarold Drew

12
Cotton Bowl Classic
-22 !L 28–6
000000001954-01-01-0000January 1, 1954
1953
Rice Owls
Cotton Bowl
Dallas
75,504
Drew, HaroldHarold Drew

13
Liberty Bowl
-7 !L 7–0
000000001959-12-19-0000December 19, 1959
1959
Penn State Nittany Lions
Philadelphia Municipal Stadium
Philadelphia
36,211
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

14
Bluebonnet Bowl
0 !T 3–3
000000001960-12-17-0000December 17, 1960
1960
Texas Longhorns
Rice Stadium
Houston
68,000
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

15
Sugar Bowl
7 !W 10–3
000000001962-01-01-0000January 1, 1962
1961
Arkansas Razorbacks
Tulane Stadium
New Orleans
82,910
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

16
Orange Bowl
17 !W 17–0
000000001963-01-01-0000January 1, 1963
1962
Oklahoma Sooners
Orange Bowl
Miami
72,880
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

17
Sugar Bowl
5 !W 12–7
000000001964-01-01-0000January 1, 1964
1963
Ole Miss Rebels
Tulane Stadium
New Orleans
80,785
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

18
Orange Bowl
-4 !L 21–17
000000001965-01-01-0000January 1, 1965
1964
Texas Longhorns
Orange Bowl
Miami
72,647
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

19
Orange Bowl
11 !W 39–28
000000001966-01-01-0000January 1, 1966
1965
Nebraska Cornhuskers
Orange Bowl
Miami
72,214
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

20
Sugar Bowl
27 !W 34–7
000000001967-01-02-0000January 2, 1967
1966
Nebraska Cornhuskers
Tulane Stadium
New Orleans
82,000
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

21
Cotton Bowl Classic
-4 !L 20–16
000000001968-01-01-0000January 1, 1968
1967
Texas A&M Aggies
Cotton Bowl
Dallas
75,504
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

22
Gator Bowl
-25 !L 35–10
000000001968-12-28-0000December 28, 1968
1968
Missouri Tigers
Gator Bowl Stadium
Jacksonville
68,011
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

23
Liberty Bowl
-14 !L 47–33
000000001969-12-13-0000December 13, 1969
1969
Colorado Buffaloes
Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium !Memphis Memorial Stadium[A 5]
Memphis
50,042
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

24
Bluebonnet Bowl
0 !T 24–24
000000001970-12-31-0000December 31, 1970
1970
Oklahoma Sooners
Houston Astrodome
Houston
53,829
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

25
Orange Bowl
-32 !L 38–6
000000001972-01-01-0000January 1, 1972
1971
Nebraska Cornhuskers
Orange Bowl
Miami
78,151
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

26
Cotton Bowl Classic
-4 !L 17–13
000000001973-01-01-0000January 1, 1973
1972
Texas Longhorns
Cotton Bowl
Dallas
72,000
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

27
Sugar Bowl
-1 !L 24–23
000000001973-12-31-0000December 31, 1973
1973
Notre Dame Fighting Irish
Tulane Stadium
New Orleans
85,161
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

28
Orange Bowl
-2 !L 13–11
000000001975-01-01-0000January 1, 1975
1974
Notre Dame Fighting Irish
Orange Bowl
Miami
71,801
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

29
Sugar Bowl
7 !W 13–6
000000001975-12-31-0000December 31, 1975
1975
Penn State Nittany Lions
Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans
75,212
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

30
Liberty Bowl
30 !W 36–6
000000001976-12-20-0000December 20, 1976
1976
UCLA Bruins
Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium !Memphis Memorial Stadium[A 5]
Memphis
52,736
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

31
Sugar Bowl
29 !W 35–6
000000001978-01-02-0000January 2, 1978
1977
Ohio State Buckeyes
Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans
76,811
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

32
Sugar Bowl
7 !W 14–7
000000001979-01-01-0000January 1, 1979
1978
Penn State Nittany Lions
Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans
76,824
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

33
Sugar Bowl
15 !W 24–9
000000001980-01-01-0000January 1, 1980
1979
Arkansas Razorbacks
Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans
77,486
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

34
Cotton Bowl Classic
28 !W 30–2
000000001981-01-01-0000January 1, 1981
1980
Baylor Bears
Cotton Bowl
Dallas
74,281
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

35
Cotton Bowl Classic
-2 !L 14–12
000000001982-01-01-0000January 1, 1982
1981
Texas Longhorns
Cotton Bowl
Dallas
73,243
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

36
Liberty Bowl
6 !W 21–15
000000001982-12-29-0000December 29, 1982
1982
Illinois Fighting Illini
Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium
Memphis
54,123
Bryant, BearBear Bryant

37
Sun Bowl
21 !W 28–7
000000001983-12-24-0000December 24, 1983
1983
SMU Mustangs
Sun Bowl Stadium
El Paso
41,412
Ray PerkinsRay Perkins

38
Aloha Bowl
21 !W 24–3
000000001985-12-28-0000December 28, 1985
1985
USC Trojans
Aloha Stadium
Honolulu
35,183
Ray PerkinsRay Perkins

39
Sun Bowl
22 !W 28–6
000000001986-12-25-0000December 25, 1986
1986
Washington Huskies
Sun Bowl Stadium
El Paso
48,722
Ray PerkinsRay Perkins

40
Outback Bowl !Hall of Fame Bowl[A 6]
-4 !L 28–24
000000001988-01-02-0000January 2, 1988
1987
Michigan Wolverines
Tampa Stadium
Tampa
60,156
Curry, BillBill Curry

41
Sun Bowl
1 !W 29–28
000000001988-12-24-0000December 24, 1988
1988
Army
Sun Bowl Stadium
El Paso
48,719
Curry, BillBill Curry

42
Sugar Bowl
-8 !L 33–25
000000001990-01-01-0000January 1, 1990
1989
Miami Hurricanes
Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans
77,452
Curry, BillBill Curry

43
Fiesta Bowl
-27 !L 34–7
000000001991-01-01-0000January 1, 1991
1990
Louisville Cardinals
Sun Devil Stadium
Tempe
69,098
Stallings, GeneGene Stallings

44
Blockbuster Bowl[A 7]
5 !W 30–25
000000001991-12-28-0000December 28, 1991
1991
Colorado Buffaloes
Joe Robbie Stadium
Miami Gardens
52,644
Stallings, GeneGene Stallings

45
Sugar Bowl*
21 !W 34–13
000000001993-01-01-0000January 1, 1993
1992
Miami Hurricanes
Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans
76,789
Stallings, GeneGene Stallings

46
Gator Bowl
14 !W 24–10
000000001993-12-31-0000December 31, 1993
1993
North Carolina Tar Heels
Gator Bowl Stadium
Jacksonville
67,205
Stallings, GeneGene Stallings

47
Capital One Bowl !Citrus Bowl[A 8]
7 !W 24–17
000000001995-01-02-0000January 2, 1995
1994
Ohio State Buckeyes
Citrus Bowl
Orlando
71,195
Stallings, GeneGene Stallings

48
Outback Bowl[A 6]
3 !W 17–14
000000001997-01-01-0000January 1, 1997
1996
Michigan Wolverines
Tampa Stadium
Tampa
53,161
Stallings, GeneGene Stallings

49
Music City Bowl
-31 !L 38–7
000000001998-12-28-0000December 28, 1998
1998
Virginia Tech Hokies
Vanderbilt Stadium
Nashville
41,248
DuBose, MikeMike DuBose

50
Orange Bowl
-1 !L 35–34
000000002000-01-01-0000January 1, 2000
1999
Michigan Wolverines
Joe Robbie Stadium !Pro Player Stadium[A 9]
Miami Gardens
70,461
DuBose, MikeMike DuBose

51
Independence Bowl
1 !W 14–13
000000002001-12-27-0000December 27, 2001
2001
Iowa State Cyclones
Independence Stadium
Shreveport
45,627
Franchione, DennisDennis Franchione

52
Music City Bowl
-4 !L 20–16
000000002004-12-31-0000December 31, 2004
2004
Minnesota Golden Gophers
The Coliseum
Nashville
66,089
Shula, MikeMike Shula

53
Cotton Bowl Classic[A 10]
3 !W 13–10
000000002006-01-01-0000January 1, 2006
2005
Texas Tech Red Raiders
Cotton Bowl
Dallas
74,222
Shula, MikeMike Shula

54
Independence Bowl
-3 !L 34–31
000000002006-12-28-0000December 28, 2006
2006
Oklahoma State Cowboys
Independence Stadium
Shreveport
45,054
Kines, JoeJoe Kines[A 11]

55
Independence Bowl
6 !W 30–24
000000002007-12-30-0000December 30, 2007
2007
Colorado Buffaloes
Independence Stadium
Shreveport
47,043
Saban, NickNick Saban

56
Sugar Bowl
-14 !L 31–17
000000002009-01-02-0000January 2, 2009
2008
Utah Utes
Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans
71,872
Saban, NickNick Saban

57
BCS National Championship Game*
16 !W 37–21
000000002010-01-07-0000January 7, 2010
2009
Texas Longhorns
Rose Bowl
Pasadena
94,906
Saban, NickNick Saban

58
Capital One Bowl[A 8]
42 !W 49–7
000000002011-01-01-0000January 1, 2011
2010
Michigan State Spartans
Citrus Bowl
Orlando
61,519
Saban, NickNick Saban

59
BCS National Championship Game*
21 !W 21–0
000000002012-01-09-0000January 9, 2012
2011
LSU Tigers
Louisiana Superdome !Mercedes-Benz Superdome[A 12]
New Orleans
78,237
Saban, NickNick Saban

60
BCS National Championship Game*
28 !W 42–14
000000002013-01-07-0000January 7, 2013
2012
Notre Dame Fighting Irish
Sun Life Stadium[A 9]
Miami Gardens
80,120
Saban, NickNick Saban

61
Sugar Bowl
-14 !L 45–31
000000002014-01-02-0000January 2, 2014
2013
Oklahoma Sooners
Louisiana Superdome !Mercedes-Benz Superdome[A 12]
New Orleans
70,473
Saban, NickNick Saban

62
Sugar Bowl§
-7 !L 42–35
000000002015-01-01-0000January 1, 2015
2014
Ohio State Buckeyes
Louisiana Superdome !Mercedes-Benz Superdome[A 12]
New Orleans
74,682
Saban, NickNick Saban

63
Cotton Bowl Classic§
38 !W 38–0
000000002015-12-31-0000December 31, 2015
2015
Michigan State Spartans
AT&T Stadium !AT&T Stadium
Arlington
82,812
Saban, NickNick Saban

64
CFP National Championship*
5 !W 45–40
000000002016-01-11-0000January 11, 2016
Clemson Tigers
University of Phoenix Stadium
Glendale
75,765
Saban, NickNick Saban

65
Peach Bowl§
17 !W 24–7
000000002016-12-31-0000December 31, 2016
2016
Washington Huskies
Georgia Dome
Atlanta
79,996
Saban, NickNick Saban

66
CFP National Championship*
-4 !L 35–31
000000002017-01-09-0000January 9, 2017
Clemson Tigers
Raymond James Stadium
Tampa
74,512
Saban, NickNick Saban

67
Sugar Bowl§
18 !W 24–6
000000002018-01-01-0000January 1, 2018
2017
Clemson Tigers
Mercedes-Benz Superdome
New Orleans
72,360
Saban, NickNick Saban

68
CFP National Championship*
3 !W 26–23
000000002018-01-08-0000January 8, 2018
Georgia Bulldogs
Mercedes-Benz Stadium
Atlanta
77,430
Saban, NickNick Saban

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Statistics correct as of 2012–13 NCAA football bowl games.
Jump up ^ Results are sortable first by whether the result was an Alabama win, loss or tie and then second by the margin of victory.
Jump up ^ Links to the season article for the Alabama team that competed in the bowl for that year.
Jump up ^ Links to the season article for the opponent that Alabama competed against in the bowl for that year when available or to their general page when unavailable.
^ Jump up to: a b Originally called Memphis Memorial Stadium, in 1976 it was renamed Liberty Bowl Memorial Stadium.[29]
^ Jump up to: a b The Outback Bowl was previously known as the Hall of Fame Bowl (1986–1995).[30]
Jump up ^ The Champs Sports Bowl was at the time known as the Blockbuster Bowl (1990–1993).
^ Jump up to: a b The Capital One Bowl has been known as: the Tangerine Bowl (1947–1982), Florida Citrus Bowl (1983–1993), CompUSA Florida Citrus Bowl (1994–1999), OurHouse.com Florida Citrus Bowl (2000), Capital One Florida Citrus Bowl (2001–2002), Capital One Bowl (since 2003).[30]
^ Jump up to: a b Originally called Joe Robbie Stadium, in 1996 it was renamed Pro Player Stadium after naming rights were sold, and it retained the Pro Player moniker through the 2005 season. Today it is known as Sun Life Stadium.[31][32]
Jump up ^ In March 2009, the NCAA ruled that Alabama must vacate its 2006 Cotton Bowl Classic victory due to sanctions stemming from textbook-related infractions discovered during the 2007 season. After an unsuccessful appeal to the NCAA Division I Infractions Appeals Committee, the 2006 Cotton Bowl Classic victory was officially vacated. As the penalty to vacate the victory did not result in a loss (or forfeiture) of the contest or award a victory to the opponent, Texas Tech still counts the game as a loss in its overall records.[21]
Jump up ^ Mike Shula coached the entire 2006 regular season with Joe Kines serving as the interim head coach for the bowl game.
^ Jump up to: a b c On October 3, 2011, it was announced that Mercedes-Benz purchased naming rights to the Superdome effective October 23, 2011. From 1976 through 2011 the facility was called the Louisiana Superdome.[33]

tag: ol


document_title: Feed the Machine (Nickelback song)

question_text: what is the song feed the machine about

question_tokens: what is the song feed the machine about

root

text: Feed the Machine (Nickelback song)

text: Content[edit]

text: "Feed the Machine" is a "defiant rock anthem"[1] with prominent metal-influenced[2][3] guitar riffs and "timely" lyrics about resisting an all-powerful government.[4][5] Critics have noted the song's style as being both a return to the "heavier" rock sound of their early works and a change of pace from the formulaic music for which they have drawn criticism.[5]

tag: p

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Mike Wass of Idolator gave the single a mixed review, writing that "Feed the Machine" is "honestly not that bad" and "something of a change of pace" for the group.[4] Sam Law of lifestyle blog The Edge rated the song three stars out of five. He praised the song's "surprisingly catchy" guitar work but wrote that ultimately, "the most compelling thing about Nickelback's latest single is that it's not as awful as the rest of their work."[5]

text: Chart performance[edit]

text: In Canada, "Feed the Machine" failed to enter the Canadian Hot 100 chart, but did reach number 39 on the Digital Songs component chart dated February 25, 2017.[6] The song entered the Canada Rock airplay chart at number 32 for the week of February 18, 2017 and has since reached a peak position of 14 on the chart dated March 25, 2017.[7]

text: In the United States, "Feed the Machine" debuted at number 42 on the Hot Rock Songs chart dated February 18, 2017.[8] It reached a peak position of 17 on the chart dated February 25, 2017.[9] The song has also peaked at 34 on the Rock Airplay chart and at 14 on the format-specific Mainstream Rock chart.[10][11]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The music video was released on 19 April 2017.

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Set in a dystopian, post-apocalyptic future where machines have imprisoned humans. The music video sees Kroeger and his bandmates depicted as freedom-fighting revolutionaries who free the enslaved humans from their machine captors.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2017)
Peak
position

Canada Digital Songs (Billboard)[12]
39

Canada Rock (Billboard)[13]
14

US Hot Rock Songs (Billboard)[9]
17

US Mainstream Rock (Billboard)[14]
12

tag: table

text: Release history[edit]

text:
Country
Date
Format
Label
Ref.

Worldwide
February 1, 2017
Digital download
BMG
[15]

United States
February 7, 2017

Active rock
mainstream rock

[16]


document_title: Anglo-Saxon Christianity

question_text: what influenced the spread of christianity in anglo saxon england

text: Anglo-Saxon Christianity

text: Gregorian mission[edit]

text: Christianisation of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms began in AD 597, influenced by Celtic Christianity from the north-west and by the Roman church from the south-east, gradually replacing Anglo-Saxon polytheism which had been introduced to what is now England over the course of the 5th and 6th centuries with the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons. The first Archbishop of Canterbury, Augustine took office in 597 AD. In 601, he baptized the first Christian Anglo-Saxon king, Æthelberht of Kent. The last pagan Anglo-Saxon/Jutish king, Arwald, died in 686.

text: Æthelberht of Kent's wife Bertha, daughter of Charibert, one of the Merovingian kings of the Franks, had brought a chaplain (Liudhard) with her. Bertha had restored a church from Roman times to the east of Canterbury and dedicated it to Saint Martin of Tours, the patronal saint for the Merovingian royal family. Æthelberht himself, though a pagan, allowed his wife to worship her God. Probably under influence of his wife, Æthelberht asked Pope Gregory I to send missionaries, and in 596 the Pope dispatched Augustine, together with a party of monks.

text: Augustine had served as praepositus (prior) of the monastery of Saint Andrew in Rome, founded by Gregory. His party lost heart on the way and Augustine went back to Rome from Provence and asked his superiors to abandon the mission project. The pope, however, commanded and encouraged continuation, and Augustine and his followers landed on the Island of Thanet in the spring of 597.

text: Æthelberht permitted the missionaries to settle and preach in his town of Canterbury. By the end of the year he himself had converted, and Augustine received consecration as a bishop at Arles. At Christmas 10,000 of the king's subjects underwent baptism.

text: Augustine sent a report of his success to Pope Gregory with certain questions concerning his work. In 601 Mellitus, Justus and others brought the pope's replies, with the pallium for Augustine and a present of sacred vessels, vestments, relics, books, and the like. Gregory directed the new archbishop to ordain as soon as possible twelve suffragan bishops and to send a bishop to York, who should also have twelve suffragans. Augustine did not carry out this papal plan, nor did he establish the primatial see at London as Gregory intended, as the Londoners remained heathen. Augustine did consecrate Mellitus as bishop of London and Justus as bishop of Rochester.

text: Pope Gregory issued more practicable mandates concerning heathen temples and usages: he desired that native temples be Christianized and asked Augustine to Christianize pagan practices, so far as possible, into dedication ceremonies or feasts of martyrs, since "he who would climb to a lofty height must go up by steps, not leaps" (letter of Gregory to Mellitus, in Bede, i, 30).

text: Augustine reconsecrated and rebuilt an old church at Canterbury as his cathedral and founded a monastery in connection with it. He also restored a church and founded the monastery of St. Peter and St. Paul outside the walls. He died before completing the monastery, but now lies buried in the Church of St. Peter and St. Paul.

text: In 616 Æthelberht of Kent died. The kingdom of Kent and the associated Anglo-Saxon kingdoms which Kent had had influence over relapsed into heathenism for several decades.

text: Synod of Whitby (664)[edit]

text: The Synod of Whitby in 664 forms a significant watershed in that King Oswiu of Northumbria decided to follow Roman rather than Celtic practices. The spokesman of the dominant faction was St. Wilfrid, who had been much impressed by the power and lavish life style of the Roman Church in comparison with the austerity and subservience to local rulers of the Celtic Church. Using subsidiary arguments about Easter and the tonsure, Wilfrid established the model of the Church as not ultimately answerable to the local king but to the Archbishop and to the Pope. It became a tradition for each Archbishop of Canterbury to receive the pallium from the Pope in Rome. This issue was to be frequently revisited until the Reformation.

text: Anglo-Saxon mission on the Continent[edit]

text: The Anglo-Saxon mission on the continent took off in the 8th century, assisting the Christianisation of practically all of the Frankish Empire by AD 800.

text: The Benedictine Movement[edit]

text: The Benedictine reform was led by St. Dunstan over the latter half of the 10th century. It sought to revive church piety by replacing secular canons- often under the direct influence of local landowners, and often their relatives- with celibate monks, answerable to the ecclesiastical hierarchy and ultimately to the Pope. This deeply split England, bringing it to the point of civil war, with the East Anglian nobility (such as Athelstan Half-King, Byrhtnoth) supporting Dunstan and the Wessex aristocracy (Ordgar, Æthelmær the Stout) supporting the secularists. These factions mobilsed around King Eadwig (anti-Dunstan) and his brother King Edgar (pro). On the death of Edgar, his son Edward the Martyr was assassinated by the anti-Dunstan faction and their candidate, the young king Æthelred was placed on the throne. However this "most terrible deed since the English came from over the sea" provoked such a revulsion that the secularists climbed down, although Dunstan was effectively retired.

text: This split fatally weakened the country in the face of renewed Viking attacks.

text: Diocesan organisation[edit]


question_text: what did the conservatives want for latin america

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
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text:
Part of a series on

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text: Liberalism and conservatism in Latin America have unique historical roots as Latin American independence began to occur in 1808 after the French Revolution and the subsequent Napoleonic Wars that eventually engulfed all of Europe. French revolutionaries in the 1790s began an intellectual awakening called the Enlightenment, which opened the door for ideas of positivism in Latin American society and people in Latin America turned to liberal ideologies as liberalism means the idea of liberty, equality and popular sovereignty.

text: During the early 19th century in Latin America, liberalism clashed with conservative views as liberals wanted to end the dominance of the Catholic Church, class stratification and slavery. These issues for many years strongly affected the way that Latin American society was organized. The majority of liberals believed in a democratic system of government, but this system would create many changes and much confusion in Latin American communities in the early 19th century. On the other hand, conservatism favored existing systems and hierarchies. Conservatives believed chaos and social disorder would break out if the political system were liberalized. Latin American conservatives generally believed in class stratification and opposed radical change in government in Latin America.

text: The contest between liberals and conservatives in Latin America, while sweeping in effect, was largely fought between members of the landed, white or creole elite. Systems in place from the colonial period—such as slavery, patronage by the elite and debt peonage—meant that the great mass of Indians, Africans and people of mixed race had little, if any power compared to the very small creole ruling class. Thus the concern that liberalization would lead to "disorder" that the conservatives spoke about was often a veiled or transparent fear of race war.

text: Caudillos soon came to power in some Latin American societies, such as Argentina and Mexico. Caudillos were conservatives who promised protection and restoration of traditional ways to the people. They were generally pragmatic, believing in a ruling system of what works best. Caudillos used military force to hold society together.