document_title: Prehistoric Ireland

question_text: when did the bronze age end in ireland

question_tokens: when did the bronze age end in ireland

text: Prehistoric Ireland

text: Palaeolithic[edit]

text: During the most recent Quaternary glaciation, ice sheets more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) thick scoured the landscape of Ireland, pulverising rock and bone, and eradicating any possible evidence of early human settlements during the Glenavian warm period (human remains pre-dating the last glaciation have been uncovered in the extreme south of Britain, which largely escaped the advancing ice sheets).

text: During the Last Glacial Maximum (ca. 26,000–19,000 years ago),[2] Ireland was an Arctic wasteland, or tundra. The Midland General Glaciation ("Midlandian period") was originally thought to have covered two thirds of the island with ice.[3] Subsequent evidence from the past 50 years has shown this to be untrue and recent publications (Greenwood and Clark, 2009) suggest that ice went off the southern coast of Ireland. The early part of the Holocene had a climate that was inhospitable to most European animals and plants. Human occupation was unlikely, though fishing possible.

text: During the period between 17,500 and 12,000 years ago, a warmer period, the Bølling-Allerød, allowed the rehabitation of northern areas of Europe by roaming hunter-gatherers. Genetic evidence suggests this reoccupation began in southwestern Europe and faunal remains suggest a refugium in Iberia that extended up into southern France. The original attraction to the north during the pre-boreal period would be species like reindeer and aurochs. Some sites as far north as Sweden inhabited earlier than 10,000 years ago suggest that humans might have used glacial termini as places from which they hunted migratory game.

text: These factors and ecological changes brought humans to the edge of the northernmost ice-free zones of Europe by the onset of the Holocene and this included regions close to Ireland.

text: Britain and Ireland were joined by a land bridge, but because this link was cut so early into the warm period few temperate terrestrial flora or fauna crossed into Ireland.[4] The bridge was possibly gone by 14,000 BC, which is before the most recent stadial (cold period), the Younger Dryas.[4] The lowered sea level also joined Britain to continental Europe; this persisted much longer, probably until around 5600 BC.[5]

text: On the eastern side of the Irish Sea, a site dated to 11,000 BC was discovered that indicated people were in the area eating a marine diet including shellfish. These modern humans may have also colonised Ireland after crossing the southern, now ice-free, land bridge that linked south-east Ireland and Cornwall. This land bridge existed until about 14,000 BC.[6] These people may have found few resources outside of coastal shellfishing and acorns and so may not have continually occupied the region. However, a bear bone, found in Alice and Gwendoline Cave, County Clare in 1903, shows humans were in Ireland in 10,500 BC. It shows clear signs of cut marks with stone tools, and has been radiocarbon dated to 12,500 years ago.[7]

text: As the northern glaciers retreated, sea levels rose with water draining into an inland sea where the Irish Sea currently stands; the outflow of freshwater and eventual rise in sea level between the Irish and Celtic Seas inhibited the entry of flora and fauna from Europe via Britain. To this day snakes (and most other reptiles) have not made their way back to Ireland.[8]

text: The return of freezing conditions during the Younger Dryas, that occurred in Ireland between 10,900 BC and 9700 BC, may have depopulated Ireland. During the Younger Dryas sea-levels continued to rise and no ice-free land bridge between Great Britain and Ireland ever returned.[9]

text: Mesolithic (8000–4000 BC)[edit]

text: The last ice age came to an end in Ireland about 10–12 thousand years ago. The earliest evidence of human occupation after the retreat of the ice has been dated to around 8000 BC.[10] Evidence for Mesolithic hunter-gatherers has been found throughout the island: a number of the key early Mesolithic excavations are the settlement site at Mount Sandel in County Londonderry (Coleraine); the cremations at Hermitage, County Limerick on the bank of the River Shannon; and the campsite at Lough Boora in County Offaly. As well as these, early Mesolithic lithic scatters have been noted around the island, from the north in County Donegal to the south in County Cork.[10] Although sea levels were still lower than they are today, Ireland was already an island by the time the first settlers arrived (after 8000 BC). This was by boat from continental Europe. Most of the Mesolithic sites in Ireland are coastal settlements. The earliest inhabitants of the island were seafarers who depended for much of their livelihood upon the sea.[citation needed]

text: A DNA study of the first humans into Ireland concluded that Ireland was first settled around 9,000 years ago by people who travelled by land and sea up the coast from northern Spain and southern France.[11][unreliable source?] This has since been challenged. (See Blood of the Irish).

text: The hunter-gatherers of the Mesolithic era lived on a varied diet of seafood, birds, wild boar and hazelnuts. There is no evidence for deer in the Irish Mesolithic and it is likely that the first red deer were introduced in the early stages of the Neolithic.[12] The human population hunted with spears, arrows and harpoons tipped with small stone blades called microliths, while supplementing their diet with gathered nuts, fruit and berries. They lived in seasonal shelters, which they constructed by stretching animal skins over wooden frames. They had outdoor hearths for cooking their food. During the Mesolithic the population of Ireland was probably never more than a few thousand.

text: Neolithic (4000–2500 BC)[edit]

text: Many areas of Europe entered the Neolithic with a 'package' of cereal cultivars, pastoral animals (domesticated oxen/cattle, sheep, goats), pottery, weaving, housing and burial cultures, which arrive simultaneously, a process that begins in central Europe as LBK (Linear Pottery culture) about 6000 BC. Within several hundred years this culture is observed in northern France. An alternative Neolithic culture, La Hoguette culture, that arrived in France's north-western region appears to be a derivative of the Ibero Italian-Eastern Adriatic Impressed Cardial Ware culture (Cardium Pottery). The La Hoguette culture, like the western Cardial culture, raised sheep and goats more intensely. By 5100 BC there is evidence of dairy practices in south England and modern English cattle appear to be derived from "T1 Taurids" that were domesticated in the Aegean region shortly after the onset of the Holocene. These animals were probably derived from the LBK cattle. Around 4300 BC cattle arrived in northern Ireland during the late Mesolithic period. The red deer was introduced from Britain about this time.[12]

text: From around 4500 BC a Neolithic package that included cereal cultivars, housing culture (similar to those of the same period in Scotland) and stone monuments arrived in Ireland. Sheep, goats, cattle and cereals were imported from southwest continental Europe, and the population then rose significantly. The earliest clear proof of farmers in Ireland or Great Britain is from Ferriter's Cove on the Dingle Peninsula, where a flint knife, cattle bones and a sheep's tooth were found and dated to c.4350 BC. [13]At the Céide Fields in County Mayo, an extensive Neolithic field system (arguably the oldest known in the world) has been preserved beneath a blanket of peat. Consisting of small fields separated from one another by dry-stone walls, the Céide Fields were farmed for several centuries between 3500 and 3000 BC. Wheat and barley were the principal crops cultivated. Pottery made its appearance around the same time as agriculture. Ware, similar to that found in northern Great Britain, has been excavated in Ulster (Lyle's Hill pottery) and in Limerick. Typical of this ware are wide-mouthed, round-bottomed bowls.

text: This follows a pattern similar to western Europe or gradual onset of Neolithic, such as seen in La Hoguette Culture of France and Iberia's Impressed Cardial Ware Culture. Cereal culture advance markedly slows north of France; certain cereal strains such as wheat were difficult to grow in cold climates—however, barley and German rye were suitable replacements. It can be speculated that the DQ2.5 aspect of the AH8.1 haplotype may have been involved in the slowing of cereal culture into Ireland, Scotland and Scandinavia since this haplotype confers susceptibility to a Triticeae protein induced disease as well as Type I diabetes and other autoimmune diseases that may have arisen as an indirect result of Neolithisation.[citation needed]

text:
Different types of megalithic tombs

Creevykeel court cairn, County Sligo.

Knowth, a passage tomb located at Brú na Bóinne.

Poulnabrone dolmen, a portal tomb located at The Burren.

Glantane East wedge tomb.

text: The most striking characteristic of the Neolithic in Ireland was the sudden appearance and dramatic proliferation of megalithic monuments. The largest of these tombs were clearly places of religious and ceremonial importance to the Neolithic population. In most of the tombs that have been excavated, human remains—usually, but not always, cremated—have been found. Grave goods—pottery, arrowheads, beads, pendants, axes, etc.—have also been uncovered. These megalithic tombs, more than 1,200 of which are now known, can be divided for the most part into four broad groups:

text:
Court cairns – These are characterised by the presence of an entrance courtyard. They are found almost exclusively in the north of the island and are thought to include the oldest specimens. North Mayo has many examples of this type of megalith – Faulagh, Kilcommon, Erris.
Passage tombs – These constitute the smallest group in terms of numbers, but they are the most impressive in terms of size and importance. They are distributed mainly throughout the north and east of the island, the biggest and most impressive of them being found in the four great Neolithic "cemeteries" of the Boyne, Loughcrew (both in County Meath), Carrowkeel and Carrowmore (both in County Sligo). The most famous of them is Newgrange, a World Heritage Site and one of the oldest astronomically aligned monuments in the world. It was built around 3200 BC. At the winter solstice the first rays of the rising sun still shine through a light-box above the entrance to the tomb and illuminate the burial chamber at the centre of the monument. Another of the Boyne megaliths, Knowth, contains the world's earliest map of the Moon carved into stone.
Portal tombs – These tombs include the well known dolmens. They consist of three or more upright stones supporting a large flat horizontal capstone (table). Most of them are to be found in two main concentrations, one in the southeast of the island and one in the north. The Knockeen and Gaulstown Dolmens in County Waterford are exceptional examples.
Wedge tombs – The largest and most widespread of the four groups, the wedge tombs are particularly common in the west and southwest. County Clare is exceptionally rich in them. They are the latest of the four types and belong to the end of the Neolithic. They are so called from their wedge-shaped burial chambers.

text: The theory that these four groups of monuments were associated with four separate waves of invading colonists still has its adherents today, but the growth in population that made them possible need not have been the result of colonisation: it may simply have been the natural consequence of the introduction of agriculture.

text: Some regions of Ireland showed patterns of pastoralism that indicated that some Neolithic peoples continued to move and indicates that pastoral activities dominated agrarian activities in many regions or that there was a division of labour between pastoral and agrarian aspects of the Neolithic.

text: At the height of the Neolithic the population of the island was probably in excess of 100,000, and perhaps as high as 200,000. But there appears to have been an economic collapse around 2500 BC, and the population declined for a while.

text: Copper and Bronze Ages (2500–500 BC)[edit]

text: Metallurgy arrived in Ireland with new people, generally known as the Bell Beaker People, from their characteristic pottery, in the shape of an inverted bell.[14] This was quite different from the finely made, round-bottomed pottery of the Neolithic. It is found, for example, at Ross Island, and associated with copper mining there. There is some disagreement about when the Celts (and thus Indo-Europeans) first arrived in Ireland. It is thought by some scholars to be associated with the Beaker People of the Bronze Age, but the more mainstream view is that the Celts arrived much later at the beginning of the Iron Age.[15]

text: The Bronze Age began once copper was alloyed with tin to produce true bronze artefacts, and this took place around 2000 BC, when some Ballybeg flat axes and associated metalwork were produced. The period preceding this, in which Lough Ravel and most Ballybeg axes were produced, and which is known as the Copper Age or Chalcolithic, commenced about 2500 BC.

text: Bronze was used for the manufacture of both weapons and tools. Swords, axes, daggers, hatchets, halberds, awls, drinking utensils and horn-shaped trumpets are just some of the items that have been unearthed at Bronze Age sites. Irish craftsmen became particularly noted for the horn-shaped trumpet, which was made by the cire perdue, or lost wax, process.

text: Copper used in the manufacture of bronze was mined in Ireland, chiefly in the southwest of the island, while the tin was imported from Cornwall in Britain. The earliest known copper mine in these islands was located at Ross Island, at the Lakes of Killarney in County Kerry; mining and metalworking took place there between 2400 and 1800 BC. Another of Europe's best-preserved copper mines has been discovered at Mount Gabriel in County Cork, which was worked for several centuries in the middle of the second millennium.[16] Mines in Cork and Kerry are believed to have produced as much as 370 tonnes of copper during the Bronze Age. As only about 0.2% of this can be accounted for in excavated bronze artefacts, it is surmised that Ireland was a major exporter of copper during this period.

text: Ireland was also rich in native gold, and the Bronze Age saw the first extensive working of this precious metal by Irish craftsmen. More Bronze Age gold hoards have been discovered in Ireland than anywhere else in Europe. Irish gold ornaments have been found as far afield as Germany and Scandinavia. In the early stages of the Bronze Age these ornaments consisted of simple but finely decorated gold lunulae, a distinctively Irish type of object later made in Britain and the continent, and disks of thin gold sheet. Later the familiar thin twisted torc made its appearance; this was a collar consisting of a bar or ribbon of metal, twisted into a spiral. Gold earrings, sun disks, bracelets, clothes fasteners, large "gorgets" and in the Late Bronze Age, the distinctively Irish bullae amulets were also made in Ireland during the Bronze Age.

text: Smaller wedge tombs continued to be built throughout the Bronze Age, and while the previous tradition of large scale monument building was much reduced, existing earlier megalithic monuments continued in use in the form of secondary insertions of funerary and ritual artefacts. Towards the end of the Bronze Age the single-grave cist made its appearance. This consisted of a small rectangular stone chest, covered with a stone slab and buried a short distance below the surface. Numerous stone circles were also erected at this time, chiefly in Ulster and Munster.

text: During the Bronze Age, the climate of Ireland deteriorated and extensive deforestation took place. The population of Ireland at the end of the Bronze Age was probably in excess of 100,000, and may have been as high as 200,000. It is possible that it was not much greater than it had been at the height of the Neolithic.[citation needed] In Ireland the Bronze Age lasted until c. 500BC, later than the continent and also Britain.[17]

text: Iron Age (500 BC – AD 400)[edit]

text:
Tribes of Ireland according to
Ptolemy's Geographia (written c. 150 AD).[18]

text: The Irish Iron Age began around 500 BC and continued until the Christian era in Ireland, which brought some written records and therefore the end of prehistoric Ireland. This is still often seen as the beginning of the arrival of the Celts (i.e. speakers of the Proto-Celtic language) and thus Indo-European speakers, to the island, though it is debatable to what extent, if any, the likely Indo-European speaking bearers of the Bell Beaker culture had colonized the island during the earlier stage of the Bronze Age.[19] The Iron Age includes the period in which the Romans ruled the neighbouring island of Britain. Roman interest in the area led to some of the earliest written evidence about Ireland. The names of its tribes were recorded by the geographer Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD.

text: The Celtic languages of Britain and Ireland, also known as Insular Celtic, can be divided into two groups, Goidelic and Brittonic. When primary written records of Celtic first appear in about the fifth century, Gaelic or Goidelic, in the form of Primitive Irish, is found in Ireland, while Brittonic, in the form of Common Brittonic, is found in Britain.

text: The recorded tribes of Ireland included at least three with names identical or similar to British or Gaulish tribes: the Brigantes (also the name of the largest tribe in northern and midland Britain), the Manapii (possibly the same people as the Menapii, a Belgic tribe of northern Gaul) and the Coriondi (a name similar to that of Corinion, later Cirencester and the Corionototae of northern Britain).

text: The late Iron Age saw sizeable changes in human activity. Thomas Charles-Edwards coined the phrase "Irish Dark Age" to refer to a period of apparent economic and cultural stagnation in late prehistoric Ireland, lasting from c. 100 BC to c. AD 300.[20] Pollen data extracted from Irish bogs indicate that "the impact of human activity upon the flora around the bogs from which the pollen came was less between c. 200 BC and c. AD 300 than either before or after."[21] The third and fourth centuries saw a rapid recovery.[21] The reasons for the decline and recovery are uncertain, but it has been suggested that recovery may be linked to the purported "Golden Age" of Roman Britain in the third and fourth centuries. The archaeological evidence for trade with, or raids on, Roman Britain is strongest in northern Leinster, centred on modern County Dublin, followed by the coast of County Antrim, with lesser concentrations in the Rosses on the north coast of County Donegal and around Carlingford Lough.[22] Inhumation burials may also have spread from Roman Britain, and had become common in Ireland by the fourth and fifth centuries.[23]

text: Examples from Iron Age Ireland of La Tène style, the term for Iron Age Celtic art are very few, to a "puzzling" extent, although some of these are of very high quality, such as a number of scabbards from Ulster and the Petrie Crown, apparently dating to the 2nd century AD, well after Celtic art elsewhere had been subsumed into Gallo-Roman art and its British equivalent. Despite this it was in Ireland that the style seemed to revive in the early Christian period, to form the Insular art of the Book of Kells and other well-known masterpieces, perhaps under influence from Late Roman and post-Roman Romano-British styles. The 1st century BC Broighter Gold hoard, from Ulster, includes a small model boat, a spectacular torc with relief decoration influenced by classical style, and other gold jewellery probably imported from the Roman world, perhaps as far away as Alexandria.[24]

text: It was also during this time that some protohistoric records begin to appear.


document_title: 2017–18 NBA season

question_text: when does the nba pre season start 2017

question_tokens: when does the nba pre season start 2017

root

text: 2017–18 NBA season

text: Transactions[edit]

text: Retirement[edit]

text:
On July 17, 2017, Paul Pierce signed a ceremonial contract with the Boston Celtics and officially retired as a Celtic after playing 19 seasons and winning one championship with the Celtics.[3]
On July 19, 2017, James Jones was announced to be the vice president of basketball operations for the Phoenix Suns, which signified his retirement after playing 14 seasons and winning two championships with the Miami Heat and one championship with the Cleveland Cavaliers.[4]
On August 4, 2017, Jason Maxiell signed a ceremonial contract with the Detroit Pistons and officially retired after playing 14 seasons.[5]
On August 15, 2017, Tayshaun Prince was announced to be assistant general manager for the Memphis Grizzlies, which signified his retirement after playing 15 seasons and winning one championship with the Detroit Pistons.[6]
On September 2, 2017, Primož Brezec announced his retirement after 21 professional seasons. Brezec had played in Russia, Cyprus, Kuwait and his native country Slovenia since last playing in the NBA during the 2009–10 NBA season.[7]
On October 23, 2017, Ron Artest was hired as player development coach for the South Bay Lakers, the Los Angeles Lakers' NBA G League affiliate, thus ending his 18-year playing career with the NBA. During his career, he won one championship with the L.A. Lakers.
On November 19, 2017, David Lee announced his retirement from the NBA via Instagram. Lee won an NBA Finals championship with the Golden State Warriors back in 2015.
On December 11, 2017, Matt Barnes also announced his retirement form the NBA via Instagram. Barnes won an NBA Finals championship with the Golden State Warriors earlier in 2017.

tag: ul

text: Free agency[edit]

text: Free agency negotiations began on July 1. Players began signing on July 6, after the July moratorium ended.

tag: p

text: Coaching changes[edit]

text:
Coaching changes

In-season

Team
Outgoing coach
Incoming coach

Phoenix Suns
Earl Watson
Jay Triano (interim)

Memphis Grizzlies
David Fizdale
J. B. Bickerstaff (interim)

tag: table

text: Off-season[edit]

text: For the first time since the inauguration of the BAA, there would be no coaching changes entering the regular season.[8] In fact, the 536 days from Dave Joerger being fired as coach of the Memphis Grizzlies to the day the Phoenix Suns fired Earl Watson as head coach would be the longest period in NBA history without any coaching changes occur.

text: In-season[edit]

text:
On October 22, 2017, the Phoenix Suns fired head coach Earl Watson and replaced him with the team's associate coach Jay Triano as interim head coach for the rest of the season.[9]
On November 27, 2017, the Memphis Grizzlies fired head coach David Fizdale and replaced him with the team's associate head coach J. B. Bickerstaff.[10]

text: Preseason[edit]

text: The preseason began on September 30 and ended on October 13.

text: International games[edit]

text: The Golden State Warriors and Minnesota Timberwolves played two preseason games in China, at Shenzhen on October 5 and Shanghai on October 8.[11] Minnesota won the first game 111–97, while Golden State emerged victorious in the second one, 142–110.

text: Regular season[edit]

text: The regular season began on October 17, 2017. Christmas Day games will be played on December 25, 2017.[2] The regular season will end on April 11, 2018.

text:
Eastern Conference

Atlantic Division
W
L
PCT
GB
Home
Road
Div
GP

Boston Celtics
26
7
.788
0.0
13–3
13–4
5–0
33

Toronto Raptors
20
8
.714
3.5
11–1
9–7
3–2
28

New York Knicks
16
14
.533
8.5
14–5
2–9
3–2
30

Philadelphia 76ers
14
15
.483
10.0
7–7
7–8
0–3
29

Brooklyn Nets
11
18
.379
13.0
6–9
5–9
0–4
29

Central Division
W
L
PCT
GB
Home
Road
Div
GP

Cleveland Cavaliers
23
8
.742
0.0
13–4
10–4
5–2
31

Detroit Pistons
17
13
.567
5.5
9–5
8–8
3–4
30

Indiana Pacers
17
14
.548
6.0
10–7
7–7
5–2
31

Milwaukee Bucks
15
13
.536
6.5
9–5
6–8
2–3
28

Chicago Bulls
9
20
.310
13.0
6–8
3–12
0–4
29

Southeast Division
W
L
PCT
GB
Home
Road
Div
GP

Washington Wizards
16
14
.533
0.0
8–6
8–8
2–2
30

Miami Heat
15
15
.500
1.0
6–7
9–8
4–3
30

Charlotte Hornets
11
19
.367
5.0
9–8
2–11
4–2
30

Orlando Magic
11
20
.355
5.5
6–8
5–12
2–3
31

Atlanta Hawks
7
23
.233
9.0
4–10
3–13
2–4
30

Western Conference

Northwest Division
W
L
PCT
GB
Home
Road
Div
GP

Minnesota Timberwolves
18
13
.581
0.0
11–6
7–7
5–1
31

Portland Trail Blazers
16
14
.533
1.5
7–8
9–6
2–2
30

Denver Nuggets
16
14
.533
1.5
11–2
5–12
1–4
30

Oklahoma City Thunder
15
15
.500
2.5
10–4
5–11
3–5
30

Utah Jazz
14
17
.452
4.0
11–5
3–12
4–3
31

Pacific Division
W
L
PCT
GB
Home
Road
Div
GP

Golden State Warriors
23
6
.793
0.0
10–3
13–3
2–1
29

Los Angeles Clippers
11
18
.379
12.0
6–7
5–11
4–1
29

Los Angeles Lakers
10
17
.370
12.0
6–7
4–10
2–5
27

Phoenix Suns
11
21
.344
13.5
4–12
7–9
2–4
32

Sacramento Kings
9
20
.310
14.0
5–7
4–13
3–2
29

Southwest Division
W
L
PCT
GB
Home
Road
Div
GP

Houston Rockets
25
4
.862
0.0
13–3
12–1
5–2
29

San Antonio Spurs
21
10
.677
5.0
15–2
6–8
5–3
31

New Orleans Pelicans
15
15
.500
10.5
8–7
7–8
2–2
30

Memphis Grizzlies
9
21
.300
16.5
6–12
3–9
4–6
30

Dallas Mavericks
8
23
.258
18.0
6–11
2–12
3–6
31

text: By conference[edit]

text:
Eastern Conference

#
Team
W
L
PCT
GB
GP

1
Boston Celtics *
26
7
.788
–
33

2
Cleveland Cavaliers *
23
8
.742
2.0
31

3
Toronto Raptors
20
8
.714
3.5
28

4
Detroit Pistons
17
13
.567
7.5
30

5
Indiana Pacers
17
14
.548
8.0
31

6
Milwaukee Bucks
15
13
.536
8.5
28

7
Washington Wizards *
16
14
.533
8.5
30

8
New York Knicks
16
14
.533
8.5
30

9
Miami Heat
15
15
.500
9.5
30

10
Philadelphia 76ers
14
15
.483
10.0
29

11
Brooklyn Nets
11
18
.379
13.0
29

12
Charlotte Hornets
11
19
.367
13.5
30

13
Orlando Magic
11
20
.355
14.0
31

14
Chicago Bulls
9
20
.310
15.0
29

15
Atlanta Hawks
7
23
.233
17.5
30

Western Conference

#
Team
W
L
PCT
GB
GP

1
Houston Rockets *
25
4
.862
–
29

2
Golden State Warriors *
23
6
.793
2.0
29

3
San Antonio Spurs
21
10
.677
5.0
31

4
Minnesota Timberwolves *
18
13
.581
8.0
31

5
Portland Trail Blazers
16
14
.533
9.5
30

6
Denver Nuggets
16
14
.533
9.5
30

7
New Orleans Pelicans
15
15
.500
10.5
30

8
Oklahoma City Thunder
15
15
.500
10.5
30

9
Utah Jazz
14
17
.452
12.0
31

10
Los Angeles Clippers
11
18
.379
14.0
29

11
Los Angeles Lakers
10
17
.370
14.0
27

12
Phoenix Suns
11
21
.344
15.5
32

13
Sacramento Kings
9
20
.310
16.0
29

14
Memphis Grizzlies
9
21
.300
16.5
30

15
Dallas Mavericks
8
23
.258
18.0
31

text: Notes

text: * – division leader

text: International games[edit]

text: On August 9, 2017, the NBA announced that the Brooklyn Nets would play two regular season games at Mexico City Arena in Mexico City, Mexico. On December 7, 2017, the Nets would play against the Oklahoma City Thunder and on December 9, 2017, they would match up against the Miami Heat.[12]

text: On August 10, 2017, the NBA announced that the Philadelphia 76ers would play the Boston Celtics at The O2 Arena in London, United Kingdom on January 11, 2018.[13]

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Individual statistic leaders[edit]

text:
Category
Player
Team
Statistic

Points per game
James Harden
Houston Rockets
31.5

Rebounds per game
Andre Drummond
Detroit Pistons
14.9

Assists per game
Russell Westbrook
Oklahoma City Thunder
9.9

Steals per game
Paul George
Oklahoma City Thunder
2.44

Blocks per game
Myles Turner
Indiana Pacers
2.39

Turnovers per game
DeMarcus Cousins
New Orleans Pelicans
5.2

Fouls per game
DeMarcus Cousins
New Orleans Pelicans
3.7

Minutes per game
Giannis Antetokounmpo
Milwaukee Bucks
37.9

FG%
Clint Capela
Houston Rockets
68.7%

FT%
Marco Belinelli
Atlanta Hawks
95.2%

3FG%
Jayson Tatum
Boston Celtics
51.0%

Efficiency per game
LeBron James
Cleveland Cavaliers
31.22

Double-doubles
Karl-Anthony Towns
Minnesota Timberwolves
24

Triple-doubles
Russell Westbrook
Oklahoma City Thunder
10

text: Individual game highs[edit]

text:
Category
Player
Team
Statistic

Points
LeBron James
Cleveland Cavaliers
57

Rebounds
DeAndre Jordan
Los Angeles Clippers
24

Assists
Rajon Rondo
New Orleans Pelicans
18

Steals
Victor Oladipo
Indiana Pacers
7

Tyus Jones
Minnesota Timberwolves

Thaddeus Young
Indiana Pacers

Chris Paul
Houston Rockets

Blocks
DeMarcus Cousins
New Orleans Pelicans
7

Kevin Durant
Golden State Warriors

Joel Embiid
Philadelphia 76ers

Three pointers
Damian Lillard
Portland Trail Blazers
9

text: Team statistic leaders[edit]

text:
Category
Team
Statistic

Points per game
Golden State Warriors
116.8

Rebounds per game
Philadelphia 76ers
48.8

Assists per game
Golden State Warriors
30.8

Steals per game
Oklahoma City Thunder
9.9

Blocks per game
Golden State Warriors
8.5

Turnovers per game
Philadelphia 76ers
17.3

FG%
Golden State Warriors
51.6%

FT%
Portland Trail Blazers
81.1%

3FG%
Golden State Warriors
40.2%

+/−
Golden State Warriors
+11.1

text: Awards[edit]

text: Players of the Week[edit]

text: The following players were named the Eastern and Western Conference Players of the Week.

text:
Week
Eastern Conference
Western Conference
Ref.

01October 17–22
Antetokounmpo, GiannisGiannis Antetokounmpo (Milwaukee Bucks) (1/1)
Harden, JamesJames Harden (Houston Rockets) (1/3)
[14]

02October 23–29
Oladipo, VictorVictor Oladipo (Indiana Pacers) (1/2)
Cousins, DeMarcusDeMarcus Cousins (New Orleans Pelicans) (1/1)
[15]

03October 30 – November 5
Porziņģis, KristapsKristaps Porziņģis (New York Knicks) (1/1)
Harden, JamesJames Harden (Houston Rockets) (2/3)
[16]

04November 6–12
Harris, TobiasTobias Harris (Detroit Pistons) (1/1)
Jokić, NikolaNikola Jokić (Denver Nuggets) (1/1)
[17]

05November 13–19
DeRozan, DeMarDeMar DeRozan (Toronto Raptors) (1/1)
Towns, Karl-AnthonyKarl-Anthony Towns (Minnesota Timberwolves) (1/1)
[18]

06November 20–26
Dragić, GoranGoran Dragić (Miami Heat) (1/1)
Davis, AnthonyAnthony Davis (New Orleans Pelicans) (1/1)
[19][20]

07November 27 – December 3
James, LeBronLeBron James (Cleveland Cavaliers) (1/2)
Harden, JamesJames Harden (Houston Rockets) (3/3)
[21][22]

08December 4–10
Oladipo, VictorVictor Oladipo (Indiana Pacers) (2/2)
Durant, KevinKevin Durant (Golden State Warriors) (1/1)
[23][24]

09December 11–17
James, LeBronLeBron James (Cleveland Cavaliers) (2/2)
Paul, ChrisChris Paul (Houston Rockets) (1/1)
[25][26]

10December 18–24

text: Players of the Month[edit]

text: The following players were named the Eastern and Western Conference Players of the Month.

text:
Month
Eastern Conference
Western Conference
Ref.

01October/November
James, LeBronLeBron James (Cleveland Cavaliers) (1/1)
Harden, JamesJames Harden (Houston Rockets) (1/1)
[27]

02December

text: Rookies of the Month[edit]

text: The following players were named the Eastern and Western Conference Rookies of the Month.

text:
Month
Eastern Conference
Western Conference
Ref.

01October/November
Simmons, BenBen Simmons (Philadelphia 76ers) (1/1)
Kuzma, KyleKyle Kuzma (Los Angeles Lakers) (1/1)
[28]

02December

text: Coaches of the Month[edit]

text: The following coaches were named the Eastern and Western Conference Coaches of the Month.

text:
Month
Eastern Conference
Western Conference
Ref.

01October/November
Stevens, BradBrad Stevens (Boston Celtics) (1/1)
D'Antoni, MikeMike D'Antoni (Houston Rockets) (1/1)
[29]

02December

text: Arenas[edit]

text:
This is the Detroit Pistons' first season at Little Caesars Arena after playing at The Palace of Auburn Hills from 1988 to 2017. The team played their first game there against the Charlotte Hornets on October 18, 2017. This also marks the first time the Pistons have regularly played in the city of Detroit since 1978.[30]
This is the Milwaukee Bucks' final season at the BMO Harris Bradley Center, their home since 1988. The team will play its final game there on April 9 against the Orlando Magic. The team is scheduled to move into the new Wisconsin Entertainment and Sports Center prior to the start of the 2018–19 NBA season.[31] The team played a "Return to the MECCA" game at the UW–Milwaukee Panther Arena (the former Milwaukee or "MECCA" Arena, their home from 1969 until 1989) on October 26 against the Boston Celtics as part of the team's 50th season celebration.[32]
The Washington Wizards home arena, the Verizon Center, was renamed Capital One Arena.[33]
The Toronto Raptors owners Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment announce that their Air Canada Centre arena will be renamed Scotiabank Arena at the end of the 2017–18 season.[34]

text: Media[edit]

text: This is the second season of the current nine-year contracts with ABC, ESPN, TNT, and NBA TV.

text: Uniforms[edit]

text:
Nike will be the official on-court apparel provider beginning with the 2017–18 season.[35] During this time, each team will be provided with four different jersey apparel that will be displayed throughout the seasons: the "Association Edition", "Icon Edition", "Statement Edition" (tentatively called the "Athlete's Mindset Edition"), and "City Edition" (tentatively called the "Community Edition") jerseys will replace the more typical home and road jersey ideas with alternatives also being included every now and then as well. In addition to those jerseys, eight teams will also be provided a "Classic Edition" jersey to commemorate some of their past designs throughout the season.
The Charlotte Hornets will use an Air Jordan-branded apparel, which is endorsed by their owner Michael Jordan and is owned by Nike.[36]
The Cleveland Cavaliers debuted their new uniforms for the 2017–18 season after unveiling the new logo on May 31, 2017.[37]
The Detroit Pistons debuted their new uniforms for the 2017–18 season after unveiling the new logo on May 17, 2017.[38]
The Indiana Pacers debuted their new uniforms for the 2017–18 season after unveiling new alternate logos and home floor along with their uniforms on July 28, 2017.[39][40]
The Minnesota Timberwolves debuted their new uniforms for the 2017–18 season after unveiling the new logo on April 11, 2017,[41] and unveiling their new uniforms on August 10, 2017.[42]
The Portland Trail Blazers debuted their new uniforms for the 2017–18 season after unveiling the new logo on May 8, 2017,[43] and unveiling their new uniforms on July 29, 2017.[44]

text: Uniform sponsorships[edit]

text: Advertisements begin to appear on league uniforms starting this season. As of November 13, 2017, nineteen teams have confirmed to sign uniform sponsorship deals:

text:
Atlanta Hawks – Sharecare[45]
Boston Celtics – General Electric[46]
Brooklyn Nets – Infor[47]
Charlotte Hornets – LendingTree[48]
Cleveland Cavaliers – Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company[49]
Denver Nuggets – Western Union[50]
Detroit Pistons – Flagstar Bank[51]
Golden State Warriors – Rakuten[52]
Los Angeles Lakers – Wish[53]
Miami Heat – Ultimate Software[54]
Milwaukee Bucks – Harley-Davidson[55]
Minnesota Timberwolves – Fitbit[56]
New Orleans Pelicans – Zatarain's[57]
New York Knicks – Squarespace[58]
Orlando Magic – The Walt Disney Company[59]
Philadelphia 76ers – StubHub[60]
Sacramento Kings – Blue Diamond Growers[61]
Toronto Raptors – Sun Life Financial[62]
Utah Jazz – Qualtrics[63]

text: Notable occurrences[edit]

text:
On July 6, 2017, the NBA unveiled an update to its logo, featuring new typography and a modified color scheme.[64]
The regular season started eight days earlier than the previous season. This move by the NBA aims for fewer "back-to-back" games, even fewer than the previous season which had already reached an all-time low to help address teams that are "resting" their superstars.[1]
The NBA decreased the maximum number of timeouts in a regulation game from 18 to 14. The three team timeouts during the last two minutes of the game were also decreased to two per team in the last three minutes to improve the flow and pace of the game.[65]
The trade deadline was moved from four days after the NBA All-Star Game to ten days before it, so teams can settle their rosters before the All-Star break.[66]
Free-throw shooters will be assessed a delay-of-game violation if they venture outside of the three-point line in between attempts.[67]
The NBA also added two-way contracted players, signifying an increasing partnership between the NBA and the newly branded NBA G League.[68]
Referees can now assess dangerous closeouts of defenders to jump shooters with little space to land for a technical or a flagrant foul. Informally dubbed as the "Zaza rule".[69][70] Also, officials can now assess if a player is in a shooting motion when determining if a perimeter foul is a shooting or a common foul. The type of foul will be determined on the sequencing of the player's movement if the foul happened before or after the player starts a shooting motion. Additionally, they can also assess an offensive foul if an offensive player intentionally lunged into the defender or locked arms to create contact, a rule informally dubbed as the "Harden rule".[71][72]
On September 28, 2017, the NBA board of governors approved the changes to draft lottery system to discourage teams from losing on purpose. Starting with the 2018–19 NBA season, the teams with three worst records will have equal odds at the #1 pick. In addition, the revised draft lottery will consist of selecting the top four teams instead of the usual three that occurred for over two decades.[73] The approval for the change was nearly unanimous, with only the Oklahoma City Thunder voting against the change and the Dallas Mavericks abstaining from voting.[74]
On October 3, 2017, the NBA and NBPA announced the changes to the NBA All-Star Game format. The vote leaders for each conferences will be assigned as team captains and will be able to select players from the rest of the starters and the reserves, regardless of the conference they play in, to form their own teams. The newly formed teams will also play for a charity of choice to help the games remain competitive. This marks the first time, the conferences will not play against each other since the inaugural All-Star game. Selection process will remain the same.[75]
On October 17, 2017, during the season opener with the Cleveland Cavaliers against the Boston Celtics, Gordon Hayward landed awkwardly on his ankle with his behind after attempting an alley-oop off a pass from Kyrie Irving. He suffered a dislocated ankle and a fractured tibia five minutes into the game in his debut as a Celtic.[76]
On October 18, 2017, Brooklyn Nets point guard Jeremy Lin fell to the ground hard after making a layup when playing the Indiana Pacers, causing him to miss the entire season. He suffered a ruptured patellar tendon of his right knee.
That same day, in the season opening game for the Portland Trail Blazers and Phoenix Suns, the Trail Blazers would defeat the Suns 124–76 in what would be the greatest deficit for a season-opening game in league history.
On October 25, 2017, the Cleveland Cavaliers' LeBron James, normally a frontcourt player, recorded his 56th career triple-double and 1st career triple-double as starting point guard.
On October 28, 2017, Oklahoma City Thunder point guard Russell Westbrook became the first player in NBA history to record a triple double against all 29 opposing teams.
On November 3, 2017, LeBron James scored 57 points for the night and his 29,000th career point, becoming the youngest player, and just the seventh overall, to reach that mark (32 years, 309 days). LeBron James also passed both Kevin Garnett for 12th on the NBA's all-time field goals list (with 10,506 career field goals to his name) and passed John Havlicek for 11th on the NBA's all-time field goals list with 10,514 career field goals.
On November 7, 2017, Ben Simmons became the only player in NBA history with at least 170 points, 100 rebounds and 80 assists in his team's first 10 games.[77]
On November 7, 2017, the Sacramento Kings set a record for most points scored before a starter scored. The King's bench scored the team's first 29 points before Willie Cauley-Stein scored a free throw at 4:08 of the second quarter. The previous record was held by the Milwaukee Bucks at 23 points set on April 5, 2011 against the Orlando Magic.[78]
On November 11, 2017, Lonzo Ball became the youngest player in NBA history to record a triple-double at 20 years and 15 days old. He recorded 19 points, 13 assists and 12 rebounds. The previous record holder was LeBron James' at 20 years and 20 days old.[79]
On November 14, 2017, the Boston Celtics became the first team in NBA history to win at least 13 straight games after starting the season 0–2.[80] The winning streak ended at 16 when they lost to the Miami Heat on November 22, 2017.[81]
On November 15, 2017, the Atlanta Hawks set a franchise record for their largest margin of victory in a win against the Sacramento Kings at 46 points, 126-80. The previous record was set on February 12, 1965 at a 44-point margin when the St. Louis Hawks beat the Baltimore Bullets, 144-100.[82]
On November 28, 2017, LeBron James was ejected for the first time in his career after contesting a non-call following a drive to the basket against the Miami Heat. He had gone 1,081 games without disqualification.[83]
On December 1, 2017, Donovan Mitchell of the Utah Jazz set a rookie franchise record after scoring 41 points against the New Orleans Pelicans. So far, it is the highest scoring game for a rookie this season.[84]
On December 1, 2017, Stephen Curry of the Golden State Warriors passed Jason Kidd for eighth place on the NBA's all-time list for three-pointers made.[85]
On December 4, 2017, Stephen Curry hit his 2,000th career three-pointer. He became the fastest to reach the milestone at 597 games, 225 games fewer than Ray Allen, the previous record-holder.[86]
On December 11, 2017, Carmelo Anthony of the Oklahoma City Thunder passed Vince Carter for 22nd on the NBA all-time scoring list.[87]
On December 16, 2017, Miami Heat head coach Erik Spoelstra surpassed Pat Riley for most wins in franchise history with 455th career win.[88]


document_title: The NeverEnding Story (film)

question_text: name of the horse in the never ending story

text: The NeverEnding Story (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Bastian Balthazar Bux is a shy and outcast bibliophile ten-year-old, teased by bullies from school. On his way to school, he hides from the bullies in a bookstore, interrupting the grumpy bookseller, Mr. Coreander. Bastian asks about one of the books he sees, but Mr. Coreander advises against it. With his curiosity piqued, Bastian seizes the book, leaving a note promising to return it, and hides in the school's attic to read.

text: The book describes the fantasy world of Fantasia slowly being devoured by a malevolent force called "The Nothing". Fantasia's ruler, the Childlike Empress, has fallen ill, and Atreyu is tasked to discover the cure, believing that once the Empress is well, the Nothing will no longer be a threat. Atreyu is given a medallion named the AURYN that can guide and protect him in the quest. As Atreyu sets out, the Nothing summons Gmork, a vicious and highly intelligent wolf-like creature, to kill Atreyu.

text: Atreyu's quest directs him to the adviser Morla the Ancient One in the Swamps of Sadness. Though the Auryn protects Atreyu, his beloved horse Artax is lost to the swamp, and he continues alone. Later, Atreyu is surprised by the sudden appearance of Morla, a giant turtle. Bastian, reading, is also surprised and lets out a scream, which Atreyu and Morla appear to hear. Morla does not have the answers Atreyu seeks, but directs him to the Southern Oracle, ten thousand miles distant. Atreyu succumbs to exhaustion trying to escape the Swamps but is saved by the luckdragon Falkor. Falkor takes him to the home of two gnomes that live near the entrance to the Southern Oracle. The gnomes explain that Atreyu will face various trials before reaching the Oracle. Atreyu proceeds to enter the Oracle, and is perplexed when one second trial, a mirror that shows the viewer's true self, reveals a boy which Bastian recognizes as himself. Bastian throws the book aside, but after catching his breath, continues to read. Atreyu eventually meets the Southern Oracle who tells him the only way to save the Empress is to find a human child to give her a new name, beyond the boundaries of Fantasia.

text: Atreyu and Falkor flee before the Nothing consumes the Southern Oracle. In flight, Atreyu is knocked from Falkor's back into the Sea of Possibilities, losing the Auryn in the process. He wakes on the shore of the abandoned ruins, where he meets Rock Biter, who laments the loss of his friends. Atreyu finds a series of paintings depicting his quest. Gmork reveals himself, having been lying in wait and explains that Fantasia represents humanity's imagination, and that the Nothing represents adult apathy and cynicism against it. Atreyu fends off and kills Gmork as the Nothing begins to consume the ruins. Falkor, who had managed to locate the Auryn, rescues Atreyu in time. The two find themselves in a void with only small fragments of Fantasia remaining, and fear they have failed when they spot the Empress's Ivory Tower among the fragments. Inside, Atreyu apologizes for failing the Empress, but she assures him he has succeeded in bringing to her a human child who has been following his quest: Bastian. She further explains that, just as Bastian is following Atreyu's story, "others" are following Bastian's, making this part of the neverending story. As the Nothing begins to consume the Tower, the Empress pleads directly to Bastian to call out her new name, but in amazement that he himself has been incorporated into the story as the child they were looking for, he denies the events as just being a story and Atreyu dies. Bastian runs to the window and calls out the name he had selected into the storm (Moonchild), and loses consciousness.

text: When he wakes, he finds himself in blackness with the Empress, with only a grain of sand, the last bit of Fantasia remaining. The Empress tells Bastian that he has the power to bring Fantasia back with his imagination. Bastian re-creates Fantasia, and as he flies on Falkor's back, he sees the land and its inhabitants restored, and that Atreyu has been reunited with Artax. When Falkor asks what his next wish will be, Bastian then brings Falkor back to the real world to chase down the bullies from before. The film ends with the narration that Bastian had many more wishes and adventures, and adds: "but that's another story".

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Barret Oliver as Bastian Balthazar Bux.
Noah Hathaway as Atreyu.
Tami Stronach as The Childlike Empress, to whom Bastian gives the new name of "Moon Child".
Patricia Hayes as Urgl, Engywook's wife and a healer.
Sydney Bromley as Engywook, a gnomish scientist.
Gerald McRaney as Mr. Bux, Bastian's widowed, workaholic father.
Moses Gunn as Cairon, a servant of the Empress.
Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of Falkor, Gmork, Rock Biter, and the Narrator (the latter three are uncredited).
Thomas Hill as Mr. Coreander, a grumpy bookseller.
Deep Roy as Teeny Weeny, a messenger riding on a racing snail.
Tilo Prückner as Nighthob, a messenger riding a narcoleptic bat.
Darryl Cooksey, Drum Garrett, and Nicholas Gilbert as Ethan, Todd, and Lucas, three bullies who torment Bastian.

text: Production[edit]

text: The adaptation only covered the first half of the book. The majority of the film was shot at the Bavaria Studios in Munich, except for the street scenes and the school interior in the real world, which were shot in Vancouver, Canada (the Gastown steam clock can be seen in the bully chase scene near the beginning[5]),[6] and the beach where Atreyu falls, which was filmed at Monsul Beach in Almería (Spain). It was Germany's highest-budgeted film at the time.

text: Music[edit]

text: The film score of The NeverEnding Story was composed by Klaus Doldinger of the German jazz group Passport. The theme song of the North American release of the film was composed by Giorgio Moroder with lyrics by Keith Forsey, and performed by Christopher "Limahl" Hamill, once the lead singer of Kajagoogoo, and Beth Anderson. It was released as a single in 1984, it peaked at No. 4 on the UK singles chart, No. 6 on the US Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, and No. 17 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song has been covered by The Birthday Massacre, Creamy, Dragonland, Kenji Haga, and New Found Glory. More recent covers were done by Norwegian synthpop group Echo Image on their 2001 maxi-single Skulk and by German techno group Scooter on their 2007 album Jumping All Over the World. This Limahl song, along with other "techno-pop" treatments to the soundtrack, is not present in the German version of the film, which features Doldinger's orchestral score exclusively.

text: In 1994, Italian house music group Club House released the song "Nowhere Land," featuring Carl, which combines the melody of the tune "Bastian's Happy Flight" with original lyrics.

text: An official soundtrack album was released featuring Doldinger's score and Moroder's theme tune (Moroder also rescored several scenes for the version released outside Germany).[7] The track listing (Doldinger is responsible for everything from track 6 onwards) is as follows:

text: showThe NeverEnding Story (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)No.TitleLength1."The NeverEnding Story"3:322."Swamps of Sadness"1:573."Ivory Tower"3:104."Ruined Landscape"3:035."Sleepy Dragon"3:596."Bastian's Happy Flight"3:167."Fantasia"0:568."Atreyu's Quest"2:529."Theme of Sadness"2:4310."Atreyu Meets Falkor"2:3111."Mirror Gate - Southern Oracle"3:1012."Gmork"0:2913."Moon Child"1:2414."AURYN"2:2015."Happy Flight"1:21

text: In Germany, an album featuring Doldinger's score was released.

text: showDie Unendliche Geschichte — Das AlbumNo.TitleLength1."Flug auf dem Glücksdrachen (Flight of the Luckdragon)"3:122."Die Unendliche Geschichte (Titelmusik) (The NeverEnding Story (Main Title))"2:443."Im Haulewald (In the Howling Forest)"3:014."Der Elfenbeinturm (The Ivory Tower)"1:545."Atréjus Berufung – AURYN Thema (Atreyu's Quest - AURYN Theme)"2:476."Phantásien (Fantasia)"0:527."Artax's Tod (The Death of Artax)"1:138."Die Sümpfe der Traurigkeit (The Swamps of Sadness)"2:399."Atréju's Flug (Atreyu's Flight)"2:2710."Die uralte Morla (Morla, the Ancient One)"2:2711."Das südliche Orakel (The Southern Oracle)"3:1912."Die drei magischen Tore (The Three Magic Gates)"3:2513."Spukstadt (Spook City)"1:3714."Flug zum Elfenbeinturm (Flight to the Ivory Tower)"3:0215."Mondenkind (Moon Child)"1:1916."Die kindliche Kaiserin (The Childlike Empress)"2:1617."Flug auf dem Glücksdrachen (Schlußtitel) (Flight of the Luckdragon (End Title))"1:19

text: Reaction[edit]

text: Release dates[edit]

text: Some international release dates:

text:
6 April 1984 in West Germany (Die unendliche Geschichte)[8]
20 July 1984 in the United States (The NeverEnding Story)[9][10]
6 October 1984 in Brazil (A História Sem Fim)
21 November 1984 in France (L'Histoire sans fin)[11]
6 December 1984 in Spain (La Historia Interminable)[12]
7 December 1984 in Italy (La storia infinita)[13]
4 April 1985 in the United Kingdom (The NeverEnding Story)[14]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2016)

text: The film has a Rotten Tomatoes score of 82% based on reviews from 39 critics. The critical consensus reads: "A magical journey about the power of a young boy's imagination to save a dying fantasy land, The NeverEnding Story remains a much-loved kids' adventure."[15] Metacritic gives the film a score of 46/100 based on reviews from 10 critics.[16]

text: Film critic Roger Ebert gave it three out of four stars and praised its visual effects, saying that "an entirely new world has been created" because of them,[17] a comment echoed by Variety.[3] Joshua Tyler of CinemaBlend referred to it as "One of a scant few true Fantasy masterpieces".[15]

text: Vincent Canby panned the film as a "graceless, humorless fantasy for children" in a 1984 New York Times review. Canby's criticism charged that parts of the film "sounded like 'The Pre-Teenager's Guide to Existentialism'". He further criticized the "tacky" special effects, and that the construction of the dragon looked like "an impractical bathmat".[18]

text: Ende felt that this adaptation's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film's title be changed; when the producers did neither, he sued them and subsequently lost the case.[19] Ende called the film a "gigantic melodrama of kitsch, commerce, plush and plastic" [Ein "gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch, Kommerz, Plüsch und Plastik"].[20]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film performed poorly at the box office, grossing $20,158,808 at the US box office[2] against a production budget of DM60 million (approximately US$27 million at the time). Almost five million people went to see it in Germany, a number rarely achieved by German productions, resulting in a gross of about US$20 million domestically. It also grossed a similar amount in the United States; only a modest sum in the American market, which director Wolfgang Petersen ascribed to the film's European sensibilities.[21]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
1984 - Bambi Award for: National film
1984 - Golden Screen Award
1985 - Saturn Award for: Best Performance by a Young Actor (Noah Hathaway)
1985 - Brazilian Film Award for: Best Production
1985 - Film Award in Gold for: Best Production Design

text:
1985 - Saturn Award for: Best Fantasy Film, and Best Music
1985 - International Fantasy Film Award for: Best Film
1985 - Young Artist Award for: Best Family Motion Picture, Best Young Actor, Best Young Supporting Actress.

text: Home media[edit]

text: LaserDisc[edit]

text: The film was released by Warner Bros. on LaserDisc with a digital stereo soundtrack in 1985.

text: A widescreen laserdisc was released on 28 August 1991; no special features were included.

text: DVD[edit]

text: The Region 1 DVD was first released in 2001 by Warner Bros, containing only the North American release of the film. The only audio option is a 2.0 stereo mix in either English or Spanish. The theatrical trailer is the lone extra feature presented.

text: There is also a quite lavish 2003 European version, which is a two-disc special edition with packaging shaped like the book from the film and containing both the North American and German releases of the film. Various extras, such as a 45-minute documentary, music video, and galleries, are presented on the second disc.[22] However, there is no English audio for the German version of the film. This edition is currently[when?] out of print. The standard single-disc edition is also available for the Region 2 market.

text: A Dutch import has also appeared on the Internet in various places, which only contains the North American release of the film but also includes a remastered DTS surround track, which is not found in either the German or the Region 1 release.

text: Also, in 2008, Czech- and Slovak-language DVD versions appeared in Czech Republic and Slovakia.

text: Blu-ray[edit]

text: The first Blu-ray release was a region-free Dutch edition on 24 March 2007.

text: On 2 March 2010, Warner released a Region A Blu-ray edition of the film. The disc includes a lossless DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 surround track, which marks the first time a 5.1 surround track has been included in a US home video version of the film. No special features or theatrical trailer are included.[23]

text: Recent German releases feature the original Klaus Doldinger soundtrack with the original English audio track.

text: On 7 October 2014, a 30th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray was released, which duplicates the DTS surround track of its predecessor. Originally described as a "newly" remastered version of the film, Warner released a statement indicating that "the only remastered version is The NeverEnding Story II", while not elaborating further on this current US release.[24] The 30th Anniversary Edition contains the original theatrical trailer, a commentary track by director Wolfgang Petersen, documentaries and interviews from both 1984 and 2014, and a German-language/English-subtitled feature detailing the digital restoration process of the film.

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The film has since been an inspiration in popular culture.

text: Music[edit]

text:
The American metal band Atreyu derived their name from the character of Atreyu.
The Mexican pop punk band Fälkor derived their name from the character of Falkor, changing the styling of the middle a for ä.
The American rock band Bayside have used quotes from the film as titles of their songs. Examples include "They look like strong hands" and "They're not horses, they're unicorns".
The American rock band Rooney made reference to the film in the song "I'm Shakin'" ("I tossed and turned all night 'cause I was looking for an ending / This was so because I watched all day The NeverEnding Story with Atreyu")
The American pop punk band, New Found Glory, covered the film's theme song on their album, From the Screen to Your Stereo.
Timo Tolkki wrote the 9:56 song "Fantasia" for Stratovarius album Elements Pt. 1 (2003)
The Spanish indie-rock band Vetusta Morla derived their name from the character of Morla the Ancient One ("vetusta" means "ancient" in spanish).
The American rock band The Aquabats describe Falkor's potential romantic life in their song "Luck Dragon Lady!" on the album Hi-Five Soup!.

text: Warner Bros. planned adaptation of the novel[edit]

text: In 2009, it was reported that Warner Bros., The Kennedy/Marshall Company and Leonardo DiCaprio's Appian Way were in the early stages of creating another adaptation of Ende's novel. They intend to "examine the more nuanced details of the book" rather than remake the original film by Petersen.[25]

text: In 2011, producer Kathleen Kennedy said that problems securing the rights to the story may mean a second adaptation is "not meant to be."[26]


document_title: Gimme a Break!

question_text: where did gimme a break take place

question_tokens: where did gim me a break take place

text: Gimme a Break!

text: Premise[edit]

text: The sitcom takes place in Glenlawn, a fictional California suburb (certain episodes differ as to of what California city suburb was Glenlawn). Nellie Ruth "Nell" Harper (Nell Carter) agrees to look after the Kanisky household as a special favor to her dying friend Margaret Huffman Kanisky (played in flashback by Sharon Spelman), who was the wife of police chief Carl Kanisky (Dolph Sweet), serving as a parental figure to the Chief's three teenage daughters, Katie (Kari Michaelsen),  Julie (Lauri Hendler), and Samantha (Lara Jill Miller). A foster son, Joey (Joey Lawrence), was added to the Kanisky household in Season 3.

text: Five episodes into the sixth and final season, the show changed locales from Glenlawn to New York City, when Nell, concerned for Joey's welfare after he moved there with his absentee father, traveled there to check on him. She subsequently assumed guardianship of Joey and his younger brother Matthew (played by Joey Lawrence's real-life brother Matthew Lawrence) at their father's request and was forced to permanently relocate there after Chief Kanisky's father Stanley (John Hoyt) sold the family's Glenlawn home.

text: Over the six-year run, a number of celebrities appeared on the show, including singers Whitney Houston, Andy Gibb, Sammy Davis, Jr., Ray Parker Jr., and The Pointer Sisters. More often than not, the guest singers would perform a song with Nell on the episodes. During the third season, Pat Sajak guest-starred as himself when Nell and her friend Addy (Telma Hopkins) were contestants on Wheel of Fortune. Other notable guest stars included Milton Berle, Danny Glover, Rue McClanahan, Tony Randall, Helen Hunt, Don Rickles, Gwen Verdon, Dennis Haysbert, Ernie Hudson, Gary Collins, and Elizabeth Berkley.

text: The episode "Cat Story" was performed and broadcast live on March 2, 1985, as a promotional gimmick, which the cast performed without major incident. An earlier episode (from the 1984–85 season), "Baby of the Family," ranked No. 38 on TV Land's list of "The 100 Most Unexpected TV Moments;" it depicted Joey dressing and performing in blackface at Nell's church benefit, a plan hatched by Samantha to retaliate for Nell forbidding her to go on an unchaperoned camping trip.[1]

text: The location of Glenlawn is never fully clarified, but Season 3 episode "Flashback" placed the town an hour away from Fresno, in the direction of Bakersfield. In yet another episode, Chief Kanisky boasts to the town mayor that his new police car will make it to Sacramento in just 23 minutes, putting the city of Glenlawn somewhere closer to the capital city than Fresno. Yet in another episode where exterior shooting took place, GlenLawn is on the ocean with palm trees. Still in another episode Nell states that Glenlawn is 300 miles from Santa Barbara. This places Glenlawn close to San Francisco. This is supported by episodes where Katie moves to San Francisco and Julie moves to nearby San Jose.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Nell Carter as Nellie Ruth "Nell" Harper. Nell was a singer from Tuscaloosa County, Alabama who ran away from home when she was 18. She met and became friends with Margaret Kanisky and promised to look after her family after she had died from cancer. In keeping her promise, Nell took on the role of housekeeper and mother to the kids and remained in the series for the entire 6-year run. She later became a foster mother to Joey Donovan in Season 3. Nell moved to Greenwich Village in New York City in Season 6 with Joey and Addy and worked as an assistant editor for a publishing company.
Dolph Sweet as Police Chief Carl "Chief" Kanisky (Seasons 1–4). Police Chief Carl Kanisky, known simply as "the Chief," was a widower with three teenage daughters. After Dolph Sweet's death on May 8, 1985, his character of the Chief was written out of the series as also having died, and the show continued with Nell taking over as head of the household.
Kari Michaelsen as Kathleen "Katie" Kanisky (Seasons 1–5). The Chief's eldest daughter, portrayed as a typical "blonde" and being promiscuous. She decided not to go to college and opened a boutique called Katie's Korner. After her boutique went out of business, she was written out of the series as having obtained a job in San Francisco. Her last appearance was the first episode of Season 6.
Lauri Hendler as Julie Kanisky Maxwell (Seasons 1–5).  The Chief's middle daughter, portrayed as being very intelligent. She married Jonathan Maxwell at the end of Season 4 and became pregnant in Season 5. In the Season 6 premiere, after Nell Maxwell had been born, the new three-member Maxwell family moved to San Jose and was therefore written out of the series.
Lara Jill Miller as Samantha "Sam" Kanisky (Seasons 1–5, recurring in season 6). The Chief's youngest daughter, portrayed as a typical tomboy in her preteen years but developed into a boy-crazy teenager. She moved to Warren County, New Jersey to go to Littlefield College and had a recurring role in Season 6.
Joey Lawrence as Joey Donovan (Seasons 3–6), who eventually became Nell and the Chief's foster son; before that he had been working as a con artist to raise money to join his uncle in Chicago. Later Joey became a key cast member. His father Tim Donovan appeared on the show in New Orleans and in New York City. Joey met his little brother and moved in with Tim at the beginning of season 6 but soon afterwards was reunited with Nell and lived with her and Addy in New York City.
Howard Morton as Officer Ralph Waldo Simpson (Seasons 3–5, previously recurring). A not very bright but lovable police officer who was a subordinate of the Chief's.
John Hoyt as Stanley "Grandpa" Kanisky (Seasons 2–6, previously recurring). The Chief's crusty but lovable Polish immigrant father. After his wife died, Grandpa Kanisky came to live with his son and granddaughters in Season 3. In Season 6 he moved to New York City, into the same building as Nell.
Telma Hopkins as Dr. Adelaide "Addy" Wilson (Seasons 4–6, previously recurring). Nell's childhood friend, Ph.D. and a Phi Beta Kappa, Addy was chief educational curriculum supervisor for postgraduate students who are studying for Doctorates in history, English and economic geography under the California university system and later moved to New York City; Nell eventually joined her there. Although Nell and Addy were friends, they were also constantly clashing.
Jonathan Silverman as Jonathan Maxwell (Season 5, previously recurring). Julie's husband, pizza-delivery man and archeology student. Jonathan went to Mexico on a three-month dig.  Jonathan, Julie, and their new baby left for San Jose after Season 5.
Rosetta LeNoire as Maybelle "Mama Maybelle" Harper (Season 6, previously recurring). Nell's stern, bitter and critical mother who was introduced in Season 4 ("Alabamy Bound: Part 1"). Previously, in Seasons 1 ("Nell Goes Home") and 3 ("A Kanisky Christmas"), the character's name was Emma, was played by Hilda Haynes and was soft-spoken.
Paul Sand as Marty (Season 6), The landlord of the building Nell, Addy, Joey, and Matthew lived in. He also owned the adjacent restaurant La Gazpacho, where he went by "Esteban."
Rosie O'Donnell as Maggie O'Brien (Season 6), Nell's dental hygienist neighbor in New York City.
Matthew Lawrence as Matthew Donovan (Season 6), Joey's little brother.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text:
Alvernette Jimenez as Angie McDaniel. Nell's tall, skinny, and dim-witted friend, the typical airhead with a little girl's voice. The character was eventually written out of the show, but appeared in several episodes between seasons 1 and 4.
Jane Dulo as Mildred Kanisky (née Wuchetzky). Stanley Kanisky's wife and Carl's mother. Also played by Elvia Allman in "Katie the Cheat" and Elizabeth Kerr in "Grandma Fools Around." Dulo played the role in season 2. The character died, leaving Stanley a widower in Season 3.
Pete Schrum as Ed Kanisky, Carl's brother, an overweight mortician who loved to play practical jokes. Ed was a recurring character in Seasons 1 and 2, then got married and was written out of the series.
Patrick Collins as Tim Donovan. Joey and Matthew's father was a merchant seaman. Joey reunited with Tim in New Orleans in season 4 (when Tim was played by Fred McCarren). Joey went to live with Tim and Matthew in the beginning of season 6 when Tim decided to get a job in New York City. After realizing he couldn't handle a 9-to-5 job, Tim decided he wanted to go back to sea and Joey returned to Nell and Addy along with Matthew.
Jack Fletcher as Erwin J. Swackhammer. During the 1982–83 season, the family contended with this man who would annoy the Kanisky household in various ways, the most notable of which occurred when he was the manager of the telephone company and had Nell arrested and jailed. After 5 episodes, Swackhammer disappeared with no explanation.
Harrison Page as Hamilton Storm. A news reporter that appeared occasionally during Seasons 1 and 2 who appeared more concerned with his appearance than giving the news.

text: Broadcast history[edit]

text:
Season
Time

1981–82
Thursday at 9:30–10:00

1982–83
Saturday at 9:00–9:30 (1982)Thursday at 9:00–9:30 (1983)

1983–84
Thursday at 8:00–8:30

1984–85
Saturday at 8:30–9:00 (Episodes 1–9)Saturday at 9:00–9:30 (Episodes 10–25)

1985–86
Saturday at 8:00–8:30

1986–87
Wednesday at 9:00–9:30 (Episodes 1, 3–15, 17–21)Wednesday at 9:30–10:00 (Episodes 2, 16, 22)Tuesday at 9:00–9:30 (Episodes 23–25)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Production information[edit]

text: The show was produced by Alan Landsburg Productions (Later renamed as Reeves Entertainment Group in 1985). The American syndication rights are held by NBCUniversal Television Distribution, the successor company to original syndicator MCA TV. FremantleMedia owns the international rights, as they own Thames Television, which acquired Reeves Entertainment Group in 1990. The creators of the show were Mort Lachman and Sy Rosen.

text: Over its run, the series used two different theme songs. The first, composed by Bob Christianson with lyrics by Bob Garrett and Marley Sims. Two versions of this song were used, one for the first season and a new recording for the second. A new theme, with music by Jay Graydon and lyrics by Richard Page, was introduced in the third season and used for the remainder of the show's run. This new theme has similarities to the first and has a more positive attitude. Carter performed both themes.

text: Syndication[edit]

text: The show has been in off-network syndication since 1985. Reruns have also aired nationally on WWOR EMI Service and the USA Network.[2][3][4][5]  Distribution rights are jointly owned by The Program Exchange and NBCUniversal Television Distribution, successor in interest to previous syndicator MCA Television. Reruns of the series are a mainstay of many of Sinclair Broadcast Group's The CW and MyNetworkTV stations, especially in low-traffic time periods due to the low-cost barter setup of The Program Exchange.

text: After not being aired on cable in nearly 15 years, the show aired on TV One (which previously aired a day-long marathon on February 11, 2006, just three days before the first season was released on DVD in the United States), usually twice a week on Fridays and Saturdays (with 2 to 4 episodes airing each day). The reruns began on May 3, 2013 and continued until September 20, at which they had reran all 137 episodes.

text: The show returned to TV One on April 17, 2015, once again airing Friday nights (with 4 episodes each).

text: Antenna TV has aired the show since January 2, 2018.

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: United States[edit]

text: Universal Studios Home Entertainment released a three-disc DVD of the complete first season of Gimme a Break! on February 14, 2006, available in the United States only. The Complete Series is now available in the US.

text: Canada[edit]

text: Visual Entertainment (under license from FremantleMedia) released the first two seasons of Gimme a Break! on DVD in Canada between 2006–07. In 2009, VEI announced that they plan on releasing the entire series in a complete series box set in 2010.[6]  VEI released Gimme a Break! The Complete Series on DVD in Canada on July 20, 2010.[7]  As of 2013, these releases have been discontinued and are out of print.

text: UK[edit]

text: Simply Media TV Ltd released the first and second series in the UK, although the series has never been broadcast on British television.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Nell Carter received two Emmy nominations as Best Actress in a Comedy Series (1982, 1983)[8] and two Golden Globe nominations as Best Actress in a Television Series-Comedy or Musical (1983, 1985).[9]


document_title: List of Oreo varieties

question_text: when do white fudge covered oreos come out

text: List of Oreo varieties

text: Other shapes[edit]

text:
Double Stuf Oreo (introduced in 1974)[1] have about twice the normal amount of white creme filling. Available in peanut butter, original, cool mint, chocolate creme, and birthday cake. In the UK they are called Double Stuff Oreo (note the double 'f') and are currently only available in original.
Football Oreo football-shaped Oreo cookies, introduced in 1976
Big Stuf Oreo (introduced in 1987)[1] were several times the size of a normal Oreo. Sold individually, each Big Stuf contained 250 calories (1,000 kJ)[2] and 13 grams of fat. They were discontinued in 1991.
Mini Oreo, originally released in 1991,[3] are bite-sized versions of ordinary Oreo cookies. After being discontinued in the late 1990s they were re-released in 2000 along with the redesigned 2001 Dodge Caravan as part of a promotional tie-in with DaimlerChrysler[4] Their 1990s packaging consisted of a "miniaturized" version of the full-size cardboard tray and box used in packaging at the time. Their current packaging consists of a plastic, foil-lined bag.[citation needed]. Mini Oreos are also available, in original, mini, golden, and Reese's varieties, in Nabisco To-Go Cups, lidded plastic cups which fit into car cup-holders, along with other Nabisco snacks in miniature form, such as Nutter Butters. In 2015, a new flavor of the mini Oreo, mint, debuted.
Triple Double Oreo, for sale in the US in summer 2011, combine three wafers with two layers of creme, one vanilla, and one chocolate.[5]
Triple Double Neapolitan Oreo, similar to the original triple double Oreo cookies, but are three vanilla Oreo cookies, with chocolate filling between the first and second cookies, and strawberry filling between the second and third.
Triple Double Chocolate Mint Oreo was a Limited Edition oreo with chocolate and mint Creme.
100 Calorie Pack Oreo (Oreo Thinsations in Canada) are miniature, thin, hexagonal versions of Oreo with no creme-filling, and come individually portioned into 100 calories (420 kJ) pouches.
Mega Stuf Oreo, introduced in February 2013, are similar to Double Stuf Oreo cookies, but with even more white creme filling. They come in both chocolate and golden varieties.
Golden Mega Stuf Oreo are Golden Oreo versions of Mega Stuf Oreos.
Heads Or Tails Mega Stuf Oreo are Mega Stuf versions of Heads Or Tails Oreos.
Oreo Thins, released in 2015, are thin versions of these cookies. They come in the following varieties: chocolate, golden, mint, lemon, coconut, salted caramel, pistachio, and pina colada. They have 40 calories per cookie. At 10.1 ounces, the package is lighter than the normal 14.3 ounce package, at same cost.

text: Other flavors[edit]

text:
Android Oreo, special cross promotional Oreo cookie with Google Android logo on one side and "green" flavoring.[6][7]
Chocolate Oreo
Coconut Delight Oreo, introduced in Indonesia. As its name implies, an Oreo cookie with coconut crème filling.
Strawberry Milkshake Oreo, introduced in Canada, and sold for a limited time in the United States, is an Oreo cookie with strawberry flavoring.[8]
Strawberry Oreo, introduced in Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Singapore.
Green Tea Oreo, introduced in China and Japan.[9]
Lemon Ice Oreo,  introduced in Japan.
Organic Oreo, introduced in 2006, are plain Oreo cookies made with organic flour and organic sugar.
Blueberry Ice Creme Oreo, introduced in Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia in 2010. Also sold in Thailand and China.[9]
Orange Ice Cream Oreo, introduced in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand in 2011.
Golden Oreo, introduced in Indonesia in 2011. Oreo's chocolate cookies replaced by milk-flavored cookies
Double Stuf Golden Oreo, introduced in late August 2009. As the name indicates they are Double Stuf Oreo cookies with Golden Oreo biscuits instead of normal chocolate Oreo biscuits.
Golden Oreo series have vanilla biscuits with other fillings such as vanilla and chocolate as Uh-Oh Oreo until its re-branding in 2007. Introduced in Indonesia in 2011 with cookies and creme.
Oreo Heads or Tails have vanilla creme filling with a chocolate Oreo wafer on one side and a Golden Oreo wafer on the other.
Creamsicle Oreo have vanilla and orange creme filling with vanilla Oreo wafers.
Ice Cream Oreo Rainbow Shure Bert have rainbow sherbet filling with vanilla Oreo wafers.
Oreo DQ Blizzard Creme, a limited edition Oreo released in April–May 2010, celebrated the 25th anniversary of the Dairy Queen Blizzard
Double Delight Oreo, introduced in 1987, have chocolate cookies with two fillings, notably peanut butter and chocolate, mint and creme, and coffee and creme flavors.
Also there are ongoing fruit series: orange and mango, raspberry and blueberry, grape and peach in China.
Cool Mint Creme Oreo are a Double Stuf Oreo with a slight minty creme filling.[10]
Peanut Butter Oreo are a Double Stuf Oreo with a peanut buttery creme filling.
Pure Milk Chocolate Covered Mint Oreo are similar to Milk Chocolate Oreo but have a mint-flavored filling.
Banana Split Creme Oreo with a light yellow banana flavor filling, were available for a limited time in 2008.
Brownie Batter Oreo introduced in August 2015, two chocolate cookies with brownie batter flavored creme filling.
Sugar Free Oreo, introduced in 2006, cost over twice as much as regular Oreo cookies, and had only trace amounts of sugar, 10 fewer calories per serving, 0.5 grams more fat and 450% more fiber.[11]
Reduced Fat Oreo, introduced in 2006, cost the same as regular Oreo cookies, had as much sugar, 10 fewer calories per serving, about 35% less fat and the same amount of fiber.[11]
During springtime, around Halloween, and Christmas, special edition "Double Stuf Oreo" cookies are produced with colored frosting reflecting the current holiday (blue or yellow, orange, and red or green respectively). Also, one side of each seasonal cookie is stamped with an appropriate design: the spring cookies feature flowers, butterflies, etc., and the Hallowe'en Oreos bear a jack o'lantern, ghost, cat, flock of bats, and/or broom-riding witch.
Chocolate and Dulce de leche Oreo, sold in Chile and Argentina, has chocolate or Dulce de Leche instead of the usual creme.
Oreo cookies with red creme, introduced in 2010, as a promotion for the movie How To Train Your Dragon
Birthday Cake Oreo cookies were a limited-edition release in February–July 2012 to celebrate Oreo's 100th birthday, made up of two chocolate Oreo cookies with a birthday-cake flavored filling and sprinkles inside. This edition replaced the traditional design on one of the two cookies with a birthday candle and the words "OREO 100". The flavor has been reintroduced, with "double stuff" amount of creme filling, in both chocolate and golden Oreo varieties, except that the cookies no longer display the "OREO 100" print.[12][13]
Birthday Cake Oreo - Fudge Dipped Vanilla were a limited-edition release in February–July 2012 to celebrate Oreo's 100th birthday, made up of one vanilla Oreo cookie with a birthday-cake flavored filling and sprinkles inside.  The cookie and frosting are then dipped in fudge so that the entire cookie is covered.
Candy Cane Oreo was first released for the holidays in 2012, later returning as Peppermint Oreo in the years following.
Candy Corn Oreo cookies are a Halloween-related flavor,  made up of two golden Oreo cookies with a flavored filling that was half yellow and half orange. They were a limited edition release in 2012 that returned in 2013. They made another return in 2016 at Target stores only.
Gingerbread Oreo cookies were a limited edition release made up of two golden Oreo cookies with a mild gingerbread flavored filling.
The American Creme were a limited edition release in 2012 made up of two golden Oreo cookies with red-and-blue colored creme.[14]
Berry Oreo cookies were made up chocolate cookies with berry flavored filling.
Lemon Twist Oreo cookies were a limited edition release in 2012 that returned in 2013, made up of two golden Oreo cookies with a lemon flavored filling.
Neapolitan Oreo cookies were a limited edition release in 2012, made up of three golden Oreo cookies with a double sandwich of chocolate and strawberry creme fillings.
Prime Berry Creme Oreo was released on June 27, 2013 in Manila, Philippines. They consisted of the usual two cookies, in between which was a layer of blueberry Ice Cream-flavored filling. They were inspired by the movie Transformers: Age of Extinction [15]
Ice Cream Rainbow Sure, Bert! Oreo cookies were a limited edition release in 2013, made up of two golden Oreo cookies with a double stuf-thickness layer of tri-color raspberry and lime sherbet flavor creme filling.
Watermelon Oreo cookies were a limited edition release for the summer of 2013, consisting of two golden Oreo cookies with watermelon-flavoured filling.[16]
Strawberries n' Creme cookies were a limited edition release in 2013, made up of two golden Oreo cookies with a creme consisting of two halves, one strawberry-flavored and one similar to traditional oreo creme.[14]
Banana Split Oreo cookies were a limited edition release in fall 2013, made up of one golden and one chocolate Oreo, with a double stuf-thickness layer of strawberry and banana flavor creme filling.[17]
Limeade Oreo released in 2014, two vanilla cookies with a lime flavored creme inside.[18]
SpongeBob Oreo limited edition release in 2014, featuring chocolate cookies with yellow creme and one side of each cookie donning a SpongeBob SquarePants character design.[19]
Fruit Punch Oreo limited edition release in 2014, featuring vanilla cookies with fruit punch flavored creme.
Cookie Dough Oreo limited edition release in March 2014, featuring chocolate cookies with cookie dough flavored creme.[20]
Caramel Apple Oreo limited edition release in August 2014 exclusively at Target stores, featuring vanilla cookies with caramel apple flavored creme.[21]
Pumpkin Spice Oreo limited edition release in September 2014. Golden Oreo cookies with pumpkin spice flavored filling.
Red Velvet Oreo limited edition release in February 2015. Red Oreo cookies with creme cheese flavored filling.
Reese's Peanut Butter Cup Oreo, introduced in May 2014, similar to peanut butter Oreos, but with half peanut butter and chocolate filling.
Cotton Candy Oreo limited edition release in April 2015 exclusively at Target stores, made of two golden Oreo cookies with cotton candy flavored pink and blue creme filling.
S'Mores Oreo limited edition release in May 2015, made of two graham flavored Oreo cookies filled with both chocolate and marshmallow flavored creme.[22]
Root Beer Float limited edition release in July 2014, made of two gold Oreo Cookies filled with root beer flavored creme.
Key Lime Pie limited edition release in July 2015, made of two graham flavored Oreo cookies filled with key lime creme.
Marshmallow Crispy limited edition release in March 2014, made of two gold Oreo Cookies filled with marshmallow flavored creme and rice crispies.
Cookies & Creme limited edition release in July 2015, featuring chocolate cookies with cookies & creme ice cream flavored filling.
Toasted Coconut Oreo limited edition release in September 2015, featuring vanilla cookies with toasted coconut flavored creme and flakes of toasted coconut.
Oreo soft cookies - sold in Japan, soft cookies with various flavors, eg [23] chestnut, Matcha green tea, lemon cheesecake, Blueberry cheesecake, vanilla
Oreo Thins, released in 2015, are thin versions of these cookies. They come in chocolate, golden, mint, chocolate creme, lemon and tiramisu kinds.
Cinnamon Bun Oreos released January 2016, featuring distinct cinnamon cookies and "frosting flavored creme." [24]
Filled Cupcake Oreos limited edition released February 8 2016, with chocolate cookies and a ring of chocolate creme with a dollop of vanilla creme in the center, similar to the Hostess CupCake.[25]  The cookie can be removed allowing one to lick the filling out of the center. [26]
Fruity Crisps Oreo limited edition released June 2016, featuring vanilla cookies with a creme interspersed with fruit-flavored "colorful rice crisps" similar to Fruity Pebbles (but without the Post brand name.[27]
Blueberry Pie Oreo limited edition released June 2016, featuring vanilla cookies with "Blueberry Pie" flavored creme. Originally distributed exclusively through Target.[27]
Chocolate Strawberry Oreo spotted in December 2016, featuring "chocolate creme that surrounds a strawberry center." [28]
Swedish Fish Oreo released in August 2016 combined chocolate cookies with creme flavored to resemble the red-colored Swedish Fish candy. Originally released exclusively through Kroger stores.[29]
Peeps Oreo limited edition release in February 2017, made of two vanilla cookies filled with "Marshmallow Peeps flavored creme" [30]
Firework Oreo limited edition release in May 2017,The cookies appear to be the original chocolate Oreo with vanilla creme filling, but the filling has bits of red and blue popping candy throughout [31]
Mississippi Mud Pie Oreo limited edition release in May 2017,The cookies are a mix of Oreo's chocolate creme filling with a lighter whipped creme. Exclusive to Dollar General stores[32]
Jelly Donut Oreo limited edition release in May 2017, using golden Oreo cookies with a ring of vanilla creme with a dollop of jelly-flavored creme in the center
Waffles & Syrup Oreo limited edition release in May 2017, using golden Oreo cookies with a ring of vanilla creme with a dollop of maple-flavored creme in the center
Dunkin' Donuts Mocha Oreo limited edition release in July 2017, using chocolate Oreo cookies and mocha flavored creme filling.[33]
PB&J Oreo limited edition release in August 2017, using golden Oreo cookies with both peanut butter flavored creme and jelly flavored creme
Cookie Butter Oreo was released in September 2017, using graham-flavored Oreo cookies with cookie butter-flavored creme.
Apple Pie Oreo was released in September 2017, using graham-flavored Oreo cookies with apple pie-flavored creme.
Mystery Oreo, released in October 2017, contains a chocolate cookie with a mystery flavor filling. It had a contest on what the flavor was, until December 2017. It was confirmed to be Fruity Pebbles as the mystery flavor.
"Dark and White Chocolate Oreo", released in October 2017, have chocolate cookies with two fillings: dark and white chocolate with vanilla flavor.
"Chocolate Hazelnut Oreo", Spicy Hot Cinnamon Oreo and "Hot Cocoa Oreo" are three different flavors that were released in January 2018.
"Cherry Cola Oreo", "Kettle Corn Oreo" and "Pina Colada Oreo" thins were released in April 2018 as part of the "My Oreo Creation" campaign.
"Good Humor Strawberry Shortcake", golden cookie, strawberry shortcake filling, limited edition July 2018.

text: Beyond sandwich cookies[edit]

text:
Norwegian Freia milk chocolate with Oreo bites
Fudge Covered Oreo, White Fudge Oreo, Mint Fudge Oreo, and Milk Chocolate Oreo are covered in either a layer of fudge, white fudge, mint fudge, or milk chocolate respectively. The Mint Fudge variety is nearly identical to Mystic Mints, produced by Nabisco from the 1970s through the 1990s. In the US, the white fudge variety is marketed as seasonal and is only broadly available the Thanksgiving-Christmas holiday period.
Oreo Fudge Cremes are a single cookie (not a sandwich), with creme, covered in fudge, in various flavors.
Oreo Fudgees are rectangular "dipping" shaped Oreo cookies with a chocolate fudge filling (different from the Chocolate Creme Oreo).
Oreo Fudge Sundae Creme, a limited edition introduced in 2009, are chocolate ring cookies with traditional white creme filling on half a ring cookie, and fudge creme on the other half.
Oreo Fudge Rings are chocolate ring cookies with the traditional white creme filling drizzled over them.
Oreo Cakesters, introduced in 2007, are soft chocolate snack cakes with vanilla or chocolate creme in the middle.  Oreo's version of a whoopie pie.
Oreo WaferStix are long wafer sticks with a creme filling and covered by chocolate.
Oreo Handi-Snacks are plastic holders with rectangular Oreo cookies and a little box of icing.
Oreo Sippers were Oreo flavored sticks that could be eaten or used as a straw; it was discontinued in 2012.
Oreo Star sold only in Asian Countries
Jell-O Oreo Pudding – Jell-O brand chocolate pudding at the bottom and on top, with vanilla in the middle.
Jell-O Oreo Instant Pudding – also named Cookies n' Creme. The box contains instant vanilla pudding with real cookie pieces.
There was a Post cereal called Oreo O's; it was discontinued in 2007 but reintroduced in 2017.
Golden Oreo O's were introduced in 2018 and first sold at Walmart.
Oreo Ice Cream. Licensed by Breyers, Good Humor, and Klondike in the US, and Nestlé in Canada. Flavors are:
Oreo Ice Cream (blended Oreo cookies in vanilla ice cream)
Oreo Ice Cream Sandwich (extra large Oreo wafers with vanilla ice cream in the middle)
Oreo Ice Cream Bar (vanilla light ice cream mixed with Oreo pieces with a chocolate flavored coating with Oreo bits)
Mint Oreo Ice Cream (blended Oreo cookies in mint ice cream)
Many notable fast-food restaurants, such as Dairy Queen and Baskin Robbins, serve Oreo-flavored ice cream desserts and milkshakes
Oreo Ice Cream is also called Cookies and Creme.
Easy-Bake Oreo Mix– two easy-bake chocolate cakes with a marshmallow filling topped with an Oreo cookie topping
Oreo Holiday Treats – Oreo cookies covered in dark chocolate
Oreo Chocolate Candy Bar- A chocolate candy bar with a rectangular Oreo cookie and Oreo creme filling covered in milk chocolate.
Oreo Pie Crust, a pie crust made of crushed Oreo cookies, sold around the U.S.
Banana Split Oreo, introduced in Canada, an Oreo cookie with banana flavoring.[34]
Oreo Milkshake[35] is a Kraft Foods recipe consisting of Oreo cookies, milk, vanilla ice-cream and chocolate syrup.
Oreo Cookie Cheesecake, manufactured by The Cheesecake Factory
Cadbury Dairy Milk 'with Oreo' - Cadbury milk chocolate with an Oreo filling. Also comes in Peanut Butter flavor.
Milka 'Milka & Oreo' - Milka milk chocolate with an Oreo filling. Also comes in Mint flavor.
Tim Hortons Canadian-based coffee chain released a 'Oreo' donut - chocolate donut with Vanilla Creme Filling, White Fondant frosting and Oreo cookie crumb topping.
Oreo mini bars, Japanese, in various flavors, eg orange chocolate, bitter chocolate, green tea chocolate, Amaou strawberry,[36] macadamia nut.[23]
Oreo Doughnut (UK)
Oreo 'alfajor' (sold only in Argentina)