document_title: The Greatest Showman

question_text: who played the bearded lady in the greatest showman movie

text: The Greatest Showman

text: Plot[edit]

text: The movie begins with P. T. Barnum and his troupe performing a show at the circus ("The Greatest Show"). We then flashback to Barnum's childhood where he and his father, Philo, a tailor, work for the Hallett family, and he becomes infatuated with their daughter Charity. Though Charity is being sent to finishing school, Barnum reassures her they will not be separated. The two keep in touch through letters until they meet again in adulthood ("A Million Dreams"), eventually marrying and raising two daughters in New York City ("A Million Dreams" reprise). They live a humble life; though Charity is happy, Barnum dreams of more.

text: Barnum loses his job as a clerk at a shipping company after the company goes bankrupt. Taking a risky bet, he takes out a large loan from a bank, deceiving the bank into accepting his former employer's lost ships as collateral. He uses this loan to buy Barnum's American Museum in downtown Manhattan, an attraction showcasing various wax models. Initially, sales are slow; on the suggestion of his children to showcase something "alive", he searches for "freaks" to serve as performers for his museum ("Come Alive"). This attracts a large audience, despite protests and poor reviews, prompting Barnum to rename his venture "Barnum's Circus".

text: Searching for ways to further his reputation amongst the upper class, he meets playwright Phillip Carlyle and convinces him to join his venture ("The Other Side"). Carlyle is enchanted with Anne Wheeler, an African-American trapeze artist, but he hides his feelings. During a trip Carlyle arranged for Barnum and his troupe to meet Queen Victoria, Barnum meets Jenny Lind, a famed Swedish singer, whom he convinces to perform in America, with him serving as her manager. Lind's first American performance is a rousing success ("Never Enough"). While Barnum gains favor with the aristocratic patrons, he begins to distance himself from his original troupe, refusing to socialize with them. Dejected, they decide to stand against their local harassers ("This Is Me").

text: Carlyle and Wheeler attend the theatre together one night, only to run into Carlyle's parents, who insult Wheeler's lowly status, causing her to leave. Carlyle chases her and tries to convince her that they can be together, but she rejects him despite her feelings towards him ("Rewrite the Stars"). As Barnum takes Lind on a U.S. tour, Charity feels isolated from her husband as she stays home with their children ("Tightrope"). While on tour, Lind begins falling in love with Barnum, but when he refuses her advances, she calls off the tour and kisses him at the end of her last show, which is photographed by the press ("Never Enough" reprise). Barnum returns home to find his circus on fire, caused by a fight between the protesters and the troupe. Carlyle, who had tried to save Anne not knowing she had already escaped, is rescued amid the chaos by Barnum but suffers severe burns. Most of the sets and props are destroyed. Word of Lind's cancellation and Barnum's public intimacy also reaches New York, resulting in his mansion being foreclosed upon and Charity taking their daughters back to her parents' home.

text: Depressed, Barnum starts drinking at a pub. His troupe find him there and persuade him to rebuild the circus. Barnum has an epiphany that causes him to realize the circus was for his friends and family rather than for himself ("From Now On"). Meanwhile, the injured Carlyle wakes in a hospital with Wheeler by his side and they share an intimate moment together.

text: Barnum leaves and finds his estranged wife, and they decide to mend their relationship. Faced with the financial difficulty of rebuilding the circus, the recovering Carlyle steps in, offering to use his earnings from his share of the circus's profits to rebuild it under the condition of becoming partners, which Barnum happily accepts. As rebuilding the circus in its original location would be too expensive, Barnum rebuilds it as an open-air tent circus by the docks. The new, revamped circus is a huge success and Barnum gives full control of the show to Carlyle so he can focus on his family ("The Greatest Show" reprise).

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Hugh Jackman as P. T. Barnum, an ambitious showman and entrepreneur.

Ellis Rubin as Young P. T. Barnum

Ziv Zaifman provides Young P. T. Barnum's singing voice

Zac Efron as Phillip Carlyle, a playwright who becomes Barnum's partner. He is a composite character partly based on James Anthony Bailey.
Michelle Williams as Charity Hallett Barnum, the wife of P.T. Barnum.

Skylar Dunn as Young Charity

Rebecca Ferguson as Jenny Lind, the singer known as the "Swedish Nightingale".

Loren Allred provides Lind's singing voice.[8][9]

Zendaya as Anne Wheeler, an acrobat, trapeze artist, W.D.'s sister and Phillip Carlyle's love interest
Keala Settle as Lettie Lutz, a bearded lady. She is a composite character partly based on Josephine Clofullia and Annie Jones.
Sam Humphrey as Charles Stratton, a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name, General Tom Thumb.
Austyn Johnson as Caroline Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Cameron Seely as Helen Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Paul Sparks as James Gordon Bennett, the founder, editor and publisher of the New York Herald.
Yahya Abdul-Mateen II as W. D. Wheeler, an acrobat and Anne's brother.
Natasha Liu Bordizzo as Deng Yan, a Chinese blade-specialist.
Eric Anderson as Mr. O'Malley, a former thief whom Barnum employs at his circus.
Daniel Everidge as The Lord of Leeds, The Huge Man.
Shannon Holtzapffel as Prince Constantine, The Tattooed Man.
Luciano Acuna Jr. as Fedor Jeftichew, The Dog Boy.
Danial Son and Yusaku Komori as Chang and Eng Bunker, The "Siamese Twins".
Jonathan Redavid as Frank Lentini, The Three-Legged Man.
Nick Jantz as Jeff Harris, The Juggler
Gayle Rankin as Queen Victoria.
Fredric Lehne as Benjamin Hallett, father of Charity and abusive father-in-law of Barnum.
Kathryn Meisle as Hannah Hallett, mother of Charity and mother-in-law of Barnum.
Will Swenson as Philo Barnum, a tailor and the father of P. T. Barnum.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: The project was first announced in 2009, with Jackman already set for the title role.[10] In August 2011, Michael Gracey was chosen to direct.[11] In 2013, Fox hired lyricists Pasek and Paul to write the songs.[12] According to Jackman, the seven year development process was, in part, due to studios being unwilling to take a risk on an original musical.[13] Jackman mentioned that he took inspiration from Shah Rukh Khan for the film. Among other traits, Jackman used Khan's signature pose in the film.[14][15]

text: On June 15, 2016, Zac Efron began negotiations to star in the film,[16] and in July 2016, Michelle Williams was cast.[17][18][19][20]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Rehearsals on the film began in October 2016 in New York City, and principal photography began on November 22, 2016.[21][22]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: In December 2017, it was reported that James Mangold, who had worked with Jackman on several projects (including 2017's Logan), had been brought in to oversee the film's reshoots and post-production. This was due to the studio's concern that Gracey, a first-time director, was overwhelmed with the scope of the film and struggling with the pressure of an $84 million budget. Mangold was eventually given an executive producer credit.[23]

text: Music[edit]

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul wrote nine songs.[24]

text:
"The Greatest Show" – Hugh Jackman, Keala Settle, Zac Efron, Zendaya
"A Million Dreams" – Ziv Zaifman, Jackman, Michelle Williams
"A Million Dreams" (Reprise) – Austyn Johnson, Cameron Seely, Jackman
"Come Alive" – Jackman, Settle, Daniel Everidge, Zendaya
"The Other Side" – Jackman & Efron
"Never Enough" – Loren Allred
"This Is Me" – Settle
"Rewrite the Stars" – Efron & Zendaya
"Tightrope" – Williams
"Never Enough" (Reprise) – Allred
"From Now On" – Jackman

tag: ol

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack album features eleven tracks performed by the cast.

text: Release[edit]

text: The Greatest Showman held its premiere on December 8, 2017 aboard the RMS Queen Mary 2, while it was docked in New York City. The film was then released in the United States on December 20, 2017.[25][26] Like Disney's live-action Beauty and the Beast, a sing-along version of the film will be released in the United Kingdom on February 23, 2018.[27] The film had a limited IMAX release on February 2.

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On June 28, 2017, 20th Century Fox released the first international trailer to promote the film. On November 13, 2017, the second trailer was released.[28]

text: On December 17, 2017, Fox televised a live performance of "Come Alive" from Warner Bros. Studios during its live musical special A Christmas Story Live! (which was based on fellow Pasek and Paul work A Christmas Story: The Musical). The number featured the film's stars and a cast of 150 dancers.[29][30]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of February 15, 2018[update], The Greatest Showman has grossed $154 million in the United States and Canada, and $185 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $340 million, against a production budget of $84 million.[3]

text: In the United States and Canada, The Greatest Showman was released alongside Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle, and was projected to gross around $21 million from 3,006 theaters over its first six days.[31][32] It took in $2 million on its first day and $2 million on its second. Over the three day weekend, it grossed $9 million (for a six-day total of $19 million), finishing fourth at the box office, behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and Pitch Perfect 3.[33] In its second weekend, the film grossed $15.5 million, again finishing 4th at the box office.[34] The weekend-to-weekend increase of 76.3% marked the largest ever for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters, and the fourth biggest ever.[35][36] In its third week the film dropped 11% to $14 million.[37]

text: The film made $13 million in its fourth weekend and $11 million in its fifth, finishing 4th and 5th at the box office, respectively.[38] The film continued to hold well in its sixth week of release, grossing $9.5 million and returning to 4th place,[39] and again finished fourth in its seventh week, this time grossing $7.8 million (a drop of just 18%).[40]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 203 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Greatest Showman tries hard to dazzle the audience with a Barnum-style sense of wonder – but at the expense of its complex subject's far more intriguing real-life story."[41] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[42] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while it earned a 70% "definite recommend" from comScore.[33]

text: Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review, writing, "The Greatest Showman is a concoction, the kind of film where all the pieces click into place, yet at an hour and 45 minutes it flies by, and the link it draws between P.T. Barnum and the spirit of today is more than hype."[43] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3/4 stars, saying, "With all that corn and cheese and old-timey sentiment, The Greatest Showman ends up scoring some very timely social arguments. P.T. Barnum himself would have approved the dramatic sleight of hand."[44] Steve Persall of Tampa Bay Times gave the film an 'A', and said, "The Greatest Showman is the feel-good movie the holiday season needs,"[45] while William Bibbiani of IGN gave The Greatest Showman a score of 7.9/10, and called the film, "wildly entertaining."[46]

text: Britton Peele of The Dallas Morning News said, "The story is interesting and the beats are well-acted, but it's the musical numbers that make The Greatest Showman."[47] Jackie K Cooper of HuffPost gave the film a score of 10/10 and wrote, "You will be overwhelmed by the music and magic that explode on the screen. The film has a message that should resonate with today's world concerning acceptance and courage."[48] Hugh Armitage of Digital Spy said, "The Greatest Showman is a broad and solid crowd-pleaser. An undemanding spectacle for all the family."[49] Alan Jones of Radio Times called it "A joyously uplifting potpourii of visual resplendence, stylish choreography and solid gold magic, one engineered to approximate the lavish spectacle the movie musical once offered."[50]

text: Sheila O'Malley of RogerEbert.com gave it 3.5/4, stating "The Greatest Showman is an unabashed piece of pure entertainment punctuated by memorable songs."[51] Douglas Davidson of CLTure called the film, "An undeniable spectacle with a infectious soundtrack, a movie that dazzles and delights."[52] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film a 3/4 score, and said, "The film has show-stopping well-choreographed numbers with catchy tunes,"[53] and Calvin Wilson of St. Louis Post-Dispatch called the film "highly enjoyable."[54]

text: Carl Kozlowski of Pasadena Weekly gave the film an 'A', calling it "Groundbreaking & grandly innovative."[55] Sean P. Means of The Salt Lake Tribune gave The Greatest Showman 3.5/4 stars, stating, "A strong cast give emotional power to this romanticized, tune-filled biography."[56] Manuela Lazic of Little White Lies gave it 4/5, saying, "The Greatest Showman deserves to become a Christmas classic. the film's severe romanticism and ridiculous but affecting enthusiasm make it irresistibly life-affirming."[57] Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and called it, "A fantasia of song and dance, a joyous exercise in pure entertainment that is made for the holiday crowd."[58]

text: Conversely, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film a negative review, criticizing the songs and characters and saying "There's idiotic, and there's magnificent, but The Greatest Showman is that special thing that happens sometimes. It's magnificently idiotic. It's an awful mess, but it's flashy. The temptation is to cover your face and watch it through your fingers, because it's so earnest and embarrassing and misguided – and yet it's well-made."[59] In a negative review for The Hollywood Reporter, David Rooney wrote "This ersatz portrait of American big-top tent impresario P.T. Barnum is all smoke and mirrors, no substance. It hammers pedestrian themes of family, friendship and inclusivity while neglecting the fundaments of character and story."[60]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, saying, "How do you cast a virtuoso Hugh Jackman as P.T. Barnum, spare no expense in production values, add a score by Oscar and Tony winners Benj Pasek and Justin Paul and still end up with the shrill blast of nothing that is The Greatest Showman? Ask first-time director Michael Gracey, who cut his teeth on commercials and music videos without ever mastering the crucial knack of building snippets of musical comedy and drama into a satisfying whole."[61] Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the film's failures "are rooted in something deeper: a dispiriting lack of faith in the audience's intelligence, and a dawning awareness of its own aesthetic hypocrisy. You've rarely seen a more straight-laced musical about the joys of letting your freak flag fly."[62]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)

AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards
February 5, 2018
Best Grownup Love Story
The Greatest Showman
Won
[63][64]

Academy Awards
March 4, 2018
Best Original Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Pending
[65]

Casting Society of America
January 18, 2018
Big Budget – Comedy
Bernard Telsey, Tiffany Little Canfield, Rori Bergman and Patrick Goodwin
Won
[66]

Costume Designers Guild
February 20, 2018
Excellence in Period Film
Ellen Mirojnick
Pending
[67]

Critics' Choice Movie Awards
January 11, 2018
Best Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[68]

Dorian Awards
February 24, 2018
Campy Flick of the Year
The Greatest Showman
Nominated
[69]
[70]

Empire Awards
March 18, 2018
Best Costume Design
The Greatest Showman
Pending
[71]
[72]

Best Make-up And Hairstyling
The Greatest Showman
Pending

Georgia Film Critics Association
January 12, 2018
Best Original Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[73]

Golden Globe Awards
January 7, 2018
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Hugh Jackman
Nominated
[74]

Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
The Greatest Showman
Nominated

Best Original Song – Motion Picture
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Won

Golden Reel Awards
February 18, 2018
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Musical
Jen Monnar, Jim Harrison, Jeff Carson, Peter Myles and Sheri Ozeki
Won
[75]

Guild of Music Supervisors Awards
February 8, 2018
Best Music Supervision for Film: Budgeted Over 25 Million Dollars
Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[76]

Best Song/Recording Created for a Film
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated

Heartland Film Festival
December 31, 2017
Truly Moving Picture Award
Michael Gracey
Won
[77]

Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild
February 24, 2018
Feature Motion Picture: Best Period and/or Character Makeup
Nicki Ledermann, Tania Ribalow and Sunday Englis
Pending
[78]


document_title: List of National Basketball Association single-game blocks leaders

question_text: record for most blocks in an nba game

question_tokens: record for most blocks in an nba game

root

text: This is a complete list of National Basketball Association players who have blocked 10 or more shots in a game.

tag: p

text: 43 different players have blocked 10 or more shots in a game. It has occurred a total of 155 times (including the playoffs) in NBA history. Mark Eaton accomplished the feat more times than anyone else in league history (19), followed by Manute Bol (18). Eaton, Hakeem Olajuwon, and Andrew Bynum are the only players to block 10 or more shots in a playoff game, with Bynum being the only player to do so with a victory.

text: The NBA did not record blocked shots until the 1973–74 season.

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Occurred in playoff competition

Lost in that game

tag: table

text:
Blocks
Player
Team
Date
Opponent
Score
Minutes played
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Triple-double
Led the league in blocks
Notes
Ref.

17
Smith, ElmoreElmore Smith
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001973-10-28-0000October 28, 1973
Portland Trail Blazers
111–98
48
12
16
2
Yes
Yes
11 blocks in a half, setting the NBA record. 6 blocks in one quarter; 5 blocks in the other quarter.

15
Bol, ManuteManute Bol
Washington Bullets
000000001986-01-25-0000January 25, 1986
Atlanta Hawks
111–103
43
4
4
0
No
Yes
Rookie single-game record.

15
Bol, ManuteManute Bol (2)
Washington Bullets
000000001987-02-26-0000February 26, 1987
Indiana Pacers
100–94
47
10
19
1
Yes
No
8 blocks in the fourth quarter, tying the NBA record. 10 blocks in the second half.

15
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
Orlando Magic
000000001993-11-20-0000November 20, 1993
New Jersey Nets
87–85
36
24
28
3
Yes
No
20–20–15. 7 blocks in the first half. 5 blocks in the third quarter. 3 blocks in the fourth quarter, all three of which came in the last 7:15 of the game on shots by Armen Gilliam. O'Neal had "a slight cold".

14
Smith, ElmoreElmore Smith (2)
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001973-10-26-0000October 26, 1973
Detroit Pistons
94–92
48
18
13
2
Yes
Yes

14
Smith, ElmoreElmore Smith (3)
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001973-11-04-0000November 4, 1973
Houston Rockets
106–93
45
9
18
2
No
Yes
Smith broke a bone in his cheek on a collision in the first quarter, but stayed in the game.

14
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton
Utah Jazz
000000001985-01-18-0000January 18, 1985
Portland Trail Blazers
127–122
41
12
20
3
Yes
Yes
9 blocks in first half. Eaton shot 1–12 from the field, prompting teammate Darrell Griffith to say, "It was a quadruple-double – points, blocks, rebounds and bricks."

14
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton (2)
Utah Jazz
000000001989-02-18-0000February 18, 1989
San Antonio Spurs
107–93
41
8
9
1
No
No
6 blocks in both the second and fourth quarters.

13
Johnson, George T.George T. Johnson
San Antonio Spurs
000000001981-02-24-0000February 24, 1981
Golden State Warriors
131–126
28
9
9
0
No
Yes
11 blocks in the second half, tying the NBA record. The Spurs combined for 20 blocks.

13
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton (3)
Utah Jazz
000000001983-02-18-0000February 18, 1983
Portland Trail Blazers
97–101
41
16
9
2
No
No
9 blocks in the first half. Rookie.

13
Dawkins, DarrylDarryl Dawkins
New Jersey Nets
000000001983-11-05-0000November 5, 1983
Philadelphia 76ers
112–119
41
17
8
2
No
No
The Nets combined for 19 blocks.

13
Sampson, RalphRalph Sampson*
Houston Rockets
000000001983-12-09-0000December 9, 1983
Chicago Bulls
115–112
49
28
18
5
Yes
No
Overtime. Rookie. The Rockets combined for 19 blocks.

13
Bol, ManuteManute Bol (3)
Golden State Warriors
000000001990-02-02-0000February 2, 1990
New Jersey Nets
128–109
33
2
11
0
No
No
8 blocks in the first half.

13
Bradley, ShawnShawn Bradley
Dallas Mavericks
000000001998-04-07-0000April 7, 1998
Portland Trail Blazers
91–99
38
22
22
0
Yes
No
20–20–10. Did not start game. Quarterly blocks of 5, 2, 1 and 5.

12
Thurmond, NateNate Thurmond*
Chicago Bulls
000000001974-10-18-0000October 18, 1974
Atlanta Hawks
120–115
45
22
14
13
Yes
No
First quadruple-double in NBA history. Overtime. First game of season, and Thurmond's debut with the Chicago Bulls.

12
Johnson, George T.George T. Johnson (2)
New Jersey Nets
000000001978-03-21-0000March 21, 1978
New Orleans Jazz
114–117
37
17
13
1
Yes
Yes
9 blocks in the second half.

12
Rollins, Wayne "Tree"Wayne "Tree" Rollins
Atlanta Hawks
000000001979-02-21-0000February 21, 1979
Portland Trail Blazers
106–83
27
11
13
0
Yes
No
Did not start game.

12
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton (4)
Utah Jazz
000000001983-02-05-0000February 5, 1983
Denver Nuggets
136–143
35
12
14
6
Yes
No
Did not start game. Rookie.

12
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton (5)
Utah Jazz
000000001984-03-17-0000March 17, 1984
Dallas Mavericks
118–103
30
6
6
2
No
Yes
6 blocks in third quarter.

12
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton (6)
Utah Jazz
000000001985-02-26-0000February 26, 1985
Dallas Mavericks
103–96
45
9
15
2
No
Yes

12
Bol, ManuteManute Bol (4)
Washington Bullets
000000001985-12-12-0000December 12, 1985
Milwaukee Bucks
110–108
48
18
9
1
No
Yes
Rookie. 8 blocks in the first quarter, setting the NBA record, and 11 blocks in the first half, tying the NBA record. Overtime.

12
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton (7)
Utah Jazz
000000001986-11-01-0000November 1, 1986
Portland Trail Blazers
119–110
38
15
20
2
Yes
Yes

12
Bol, ManuteManute Bol (5)
Washington Bullets
000000001987-02-05-0000February 5, 1987
Cleveland Cavaliers
94–85
23
6
3
1
No
No
Did not start game. 8 blocks in the second half.

12
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*
Houston Rockets
000000001987-03-10-0000March 10, 1987
Seattle SuperSonics
127–136
53
38
17
6
Yes
No
Five-by-five (7 steals). Double overtime.

12
Bol, ManuteManute Bol (6)
Washington Bullets
000000001987-03-26-0000March 26, 1987
Boston Celtics
106–103
43
6
17
0
No
No

12
Bol, ManuteManute Bol (7)
Golden State Warriors
000000001989-02-22-0000February 22, 1989
San Antonio Spurs
118–107
30
7
6
0
No
Yes
Did not start game.

12
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon* (2)
Houston Rockets
000000001989-11-11-0000November 11, 1989
Utah Jazz
100–92
42
24
21
2
Yes
Yes
20–20–10. 6 blocks in the second quarter.

12
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
San Antonio Spurs
000000001990-02-23-0000February 23, 1990
Minnesota Timberwolves
105–95
36
24
12
2
Yes
No
Rookie.

12
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo*
Denver Nuggets
000000001993-04-18-0000April 18, 1993
Los Angeles Clippers
94–83
43
16
21
2
Yes
No

12
Bradley, ShawnShawn Bradley (2)
New Jersey Nets
000000001996-04-17-0000April 17, 1996
Toronto Raptors
107–95
37
11
10
2
Yes
No
6 blocks in the first quarter; 8 blocks in the first half.

12
Divac, VladeVlade Divac
Charlotte Hornets
000000001997-02-12-0000February 12, 1997
New Jersey Nets
113–100
41
18
9
2
No
No
Fouled out.

12
Clark, KeonKeon Clark
Toronto Raptors
000000002001-03-23-0000March 23, 2001
Atlanta Hawks
112–86
28
13
8
2
No
No
Did not start game. The Raptors combined for 23 blocks, an NBA record at the time. Clark blocked 10 shots in the first half; 5 in both the first and second quarters. Did not commit a personal foul; holds the NBA record for most blocks in a game without a personal foul.

12
McGee, JaValeJaVale McGee^
Washington Wizards
000000002011-03-15-0000March 15, 2011
Chicago Bulls
79–98
39:22
11
12
1
Yes
No
7 blocks in the first half.

12
Whiteside, HassanHassan Whiteside^
Miami Heat
000000002015-01-25-0000January 25, 2015
Chicago Bulls
96–84
24:37
14
13
0
Yes
No
First NBA career triple double. Did not start game. 4 blocks in the last 2 minutes of the game.

11
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar*
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001975-12-03-0000December 3, 1975
Detroit Pistons
118–110
46
29
21
2
Yes
Yes
20-20-10.

11
Johnson, George T.George T. Johnson (3)
Golden State Warriors
000000001976-03-30-0000March 30, 1976
Chicago Bulls
94–84
29
6
8
0
No
No

11
Gilmore, ArtisArtis Gilmore*
Chicago Bulls
000000001977-12-20-0000December 20, 1977
Atlanta Hawks
94–86
41
35
15

Yes
No
6 blocks in the fourth quarter, most of them at the end of the game to secure the win, and 9 blocks in the second half.

11
Hayes, ElvinElvin Hayes*
Washington Bullets
000000001978-03-03-0000March 3, 1978
Detroit Pistons
124–108
47
22
27
0
Yes
No
20-20-10. 7 blocks in the first half.

11
Parish, RobertRobert Parish*
Golden State Warriors
000000001978-10-29-0000October 29, 1978
Cleveland Cavaliers
99–94
45
22
16
1
Yes
No

11
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar* (2)
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001978-11-28-0000November 28, 1978
Detroit Pistons
103–105
43
27
16
4
Yes
Yes
The Lakers committed 29 turnovers in the loss.

11
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar* (3)
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001979-11-25-0000November 25, 1979
Kansas City Kings
111–110
41
25
15
3
Yes
Yes
7 blocks in the second half.

11
Rollins, Wayne "Tree"Wayne "Tree" Rollins (2)
Atlanta Hawks
000000001982-11-27-0000November 27, 1982
Indiana Pacers
117–98
36
10
15
2
Yes
Yes

11
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton (8)
Utah Jazz
000000001985-01-01-0000January 1, 1985
Indiana Pacers
117–119
38
4
13
5
No
Yes

11
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon* (3)
Houston Rockets
000000001986-01-07-0000January 7, 1986
Golden State Warriors
124–115
40
26
12
7
Yes
No
Houston improved to 18–0 at home with the win.

11
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton (9)
Utah Jazz
000000001987-03-17-0000March 17, 1987
Golden State Warriors
118–103
38
9
11
0
No
Yes

11
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton 10 !(10)
Utah Jazz
000000001988-12-30-0000December 30, 1988
Philadelphia 76ers
102–95
43
6
12
2
No
No

11
Nance, LarryLarry Nance
Cleveland Cavaliers
000000001989-01-07-0000January 7, 1989
New York Knicks
104–96
36
24
6
4
No
No

11
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton 11 !(11)
Utah Jazz
000000001989-01-12-0000January 12, 1989
San Antonio Spurs
115–91
37
7
17
3
No
No

11
Bol, ManuteManute Bol (8)
Golden State Warriors
000000001989-01-27-0000January 27, 1989
Philadelphia 76ers
112–113
21
2
4
0
No
Yes

11
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson* (2)
San Antonio Spurs
000000001990-02-02-0000February 2, 1990
Charlotte Hornets
118–107
35
27
15
3
Yes
No
Rookie.

11
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon* (4)
Houston Rockets
000000001990-03-03-0000March 3, 1990
Golden State Warriors
129–109
40
29
18
9
Yes
Yes
Near quadruple-double, originally credited as one but one assist was officially discredited. Five-by-five (5 steals).

11
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon* (5)
Houston Rockets
000000001990-03-29-0000March 29, 1990
Milwaukee Bucks
120–94
40
18
16
10
Yes
Yes
Third quadruple-double in NBA history.

11
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon* (6)
Houston Rockets
000000001990-12-20-0000December 20, 1990
Orlando Magic
128–126
50
24
16
4
Yes
Yes
Overtime.

11
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson* (3)
San Antonio Spurs
000000001990-12-28-0000December 28, 1990
Sacramento Kings
104–88
35
27
13
2
Yes
No

11
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson* (4)
San Antonio Spurs
000000001991-01-12-0000January 12, 1991
Utah Jazz
112–92
39
22
18
5
Yes
No

11
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson* (5)
San Antonio Spurs
000000001992-02-04-0000February 4, 1992
Portland Trail Blazers
95–88
45
23
14
3
Yes
Yes

11
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo* (2)
Denver Nuggets
000000001993-11-26-0000November 26, 1993
Portland Trail Blazers
112–101
39
17
13
1
Yes
Yes

11
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo* (3)
Denver Nuggets
000000001994-04-05-0000April 5, 1994
Los Angeles Clippers
91–92
33
11
16
0
Yes
Yes

11
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo* (4)
Denver Nuggets
000000001994-04-07-0000April 7, 1994
Seattle SuperSonics
104–90
36
13
13
2
Yes
Yes

11
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo* (5)
Denver Nuggets
000000001994-11-08-0000November 8, 1994
Dallas Mavericks
115–107
46
12
14
2
Yes
Yes

11
Bradley, ShawnShawn Bradley (3)
New Jersey Nets
000000001996-03-14-0000March 14, 1996
Washington Bullets
92–100
41
19
17
3
Yes
No

11
Bradley, ShawnShawn Bradley (4)
New Jersey Nets
000000001996-12-21-0000December 21, 1996
Boston Celtics
101–100
42
17
15
4
Yes
Yes

11
Bradley, ShawnShawn Bradley (5)
New Jersey Nets
000000001997-02-06-0000February 6, 1997
Indiana Pacers
100–104
37
14
14
0
Yes
Yes

11
Ostertag, GregGreg Ostertag
Utah Jazz
000000001998-01-06-0000January 6, 1998
Philadelphia 76ers
98–95
49
3
9
4
No
No
Overtime.

11
Camby, MarcusMarcus Camby
Toronto Raptors
000000001998-04-14-0000April 14, 1998
New Jersey Nets
96–92
43
15
12
2
Yes
Yes

11
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo* (6)
Atlanta Hawks
000000002000-02-15-0000February 15, 2000
New Jersey Nets
103–86
38
21
13
1
Yes
No

11
Camby, MarcusMarcus Camby (2)
Denver Nuggets
000000002008-01-17-0000January 17, 2008
Utah Jazz
120–109
43:44
8
24
1
No
Yes

11
Ibaka, SergeSerge Ibaka^
Oklahoma City Thunder
000000002012-02-19-0000February 19, 2012
Denver Nuggets
124–118
40:41
14
15
0
Yes
Yes
10 blocks in regulation, 1 in overtime. 8 blocks in the second half.

11
Hibbert, RoyRoy Hibbert^
Indiana Pacers
000000002012-11-21-0000November 21, 2012
New Orleans Hornets
115–107
36:27
10
11
1
Yes
No
9 blocks in regulation, 2 in overtime.

11
Noah, JoakimJoakim Noah^
Chicago Bulls
000000002013-02-28-0000February 28, 2013
Philadelphia 76ers
93–82
45:00
23
21
1
Yes
No
20–20–10.

11
Whiteside, HassanHassan Whiteside^ (2)
Miami Heat
000000002016-01-15-0000January 15, 2016
Denver Nuggets
98–95
38:32
19
17
2
Yes
Yes

10
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar* (4)
Milwaukee Bucks
000000001973-11-03-0000November 3, 1973
Detroit Pistons
123–115
53
19
16
5
Yes
No
Overtime.

10
Smith, ElmoreElmore Smith (6)
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001973-11-30-0000November 30, 1973
Kansas City-Omaha Kings
123–107
44
14
10
3
Yes
Yes

10
Smith, ElmoreElmore Smith (7)
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001973-12-11-0000December 11, 1973
Cleveland Cavaliers
100–101
53
10
17
2
Yes
Yes
Overtime.

10
Smith, ElmoreElmore Smith (8)
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001975-03-16-0000March 16, 1975
Golden State Warriors
111–95
42
7
22
7
No
No

10
Catchings, HarveyHarvey Catchings
Philadelphia 76ers
000000001975-03-21-0000March 21, 1975
Atlanta Hawks
114–103
20
4
5
1
No
No
All ten blocks in the second half. Did not start game. Rookie.

10
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar* (5)
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001975-11-02-0000November 2, 1975
Atlanta Hawks
116–113
49
39
23
5
Yes
Yes
20-20-10. Overtime.

10
Johnson, George T.George T. Johnson (4)
Golden State Warriors
000000001976-04-03-0000April 3, 1976
Seattle SuperSonics
130–115
26
10
6
1
No
No
Did not start game. 6 blocks in the second quarter. Fouled out.

10
Johnson, George T.George T. Johnson (5)
New Jersey Nets
000000001977-10-26-0000October 26, 1977
Atlanta Hawks
110–113
35
7
12
3
No
Yes
Overtime.

10
Meriweather, JoeJoe Meriweather
New Orleans Jazz
000000001977-10-28-0000October 28, 1977
Phoenix Suns
114–107
34
10
14
4
Yes
No
9 blocks in second half.

10
Meriweather, JoeJoe Meriweather (2)
New York Knicks
000000001979-12-12-0000December 12, 1979
Atlanta Hawks
102–114
31
12
6
0
No
No

10
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar* (6)
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001980-01-18-0000January 18, 1980
Atlanta Hawks
108–102
39
28
15
2
Yes
Yes

10
Johnson, George T.George T. Johnson (6)
New Jersey Nets
000000001980-03-04-0000March 4, 1980
Indiana Pacers
114–109
36
8
11
3
No
No

10
Rollins, Wayne "Tree"Wayne "Tree" Rollins (3)
Atlanta Hawks
000000001980-03-14-0000March 14, 1980
Boston Celtics
88–87
39
5
23
2
No
No

10
Poquette, BenBen Poquette
Utah Jazz
000000001980-12-12-0000December 12, 1980
Chicago Bulls
98–118
40
16
5
2
No
No

10
Jones, EdgarEdgar Jones
Detroit Pistons
000000001981-12-17-0000December 17, 1981
Indiana Pacers
96–100
38
25
13
1
Yes
No

10
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar* (7)
Los Angeles Lakers
000000001982-01-22-0000January 22, 1982
Detroit Pistons
123–111
35
19
10
0
Yes
No

10
Rollins, Wayne "Tree"Wayne "Tree" Rollins (4)
Atlanta Hawks
000000001982-12-21-0000December 21, 1982
Chicago Bulls
116–124
41
14
15
0
Yes
Yes
7 blocks in the first half. Double overtime. The Hawks combined for 18 blocks.

10
Rollins, Wayne "Tree"Wayne "Tree" Rollins (5)
Atlanta Hawks
000000001983-01-17-0000January 17, 1983
New Jersey Nets
102–96
39
13
9
1
No
Yes

10
Rollins, Wayne "Tree"Wayne "Tree" Rollins (6)
Atlanta Hawks
000000001983-03-29-0000March 29, 1983
Cleveland Cavaliers
95–82
35
6
9
1
No
Yes
8 blocks in the first half.

10
Rollins, Wayne "Tree"Wayne "Tree" Rollins (7)
Atlanta Hawks
000000001983-11-04-0000November 4, 1983
Chicago Bulls
103–90
36
15
11
2
Yes
No

10
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton 12 !(12)
Utah Jazz
000000001983-11-30-0000November 30, 1983
San Diego Clippers
117–115
37
15
9
1
No
Yes

10
Rollins, Wayne "Tree"Wayne "Tree" Rollins (8)
Atlanta Hawks
000000001983-12-13-0000December 13, 1983
Washington Bullets
94–89
38
2
5
0
No
No

10
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton 13 !(13)
Utah Jazz
000000001984-02-21-0000February 21, 1984
Chicago Bulls
117–95
33
7
12
2
No
Yes

10
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton 14 !(14)
Utah Jazz
000000001984-03-27-0000March 27, 1984
Kansas City Kings
110–106
31
6
10
2
No
Yes
Fouled out. Accounted for all of his team's blocks.

10
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton 15 !(15)
Utah Jazz
000000001984-11-07-0000November 7, 1984
San Antonio Spurs
136–124
34
12
11
0
Yes
Yes

10
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton 16 !(16)
Utah Jazz
000000001985-02-01-0000February 1, 1985
Dallas Mavericks
121–109
42
12
20
1
Yes
Yes
6 blocks in third quarter.

10
Gilmore, ArtisArtis Gilmore* (2)
San Antonio Spurs
000000001985-02-04-0000February 4, 1985
Golden State Warriors
114–109
37
25
13
1
Yes
No
Overtime.

10
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton 17 !(17)
Utah Jazz
000000001985-02-05-0000February 5, 1985
Portland Trail Blazers
106–126
36
17
10
2
Yes
Yes

10
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton 18 !(18)
Utah Jazz
000000001985-04-26-0000April 26, 1985
Houston Rockets
94–96
40
8
10
0
No
Yes
5 blocks in the first quarter, and 7 blocks in the first half.

10
Bol, ManuteManute Bol (9)
Washington Bullets
000000001986-01-08-0000January 8, 1986
Phoenix Suns
97–109
37
2
7
1
No
Yes
Rookie.

10
Bol, ManuteManute Bol 10 !(10)
Washington Bullets
000000001986-02-17-0000February 17, 1986
Los Angeles Clippers
96–94
38
8
13
0
No
Yes
Rookie. Bol accounted for all of his team's blocks.

10
Eaton, MarkMark Eaton 19 !(19)
Utah Jazz
000000001986-02-22-0000February 22, 1986
Phoenix Suns
105–97
40
9
13
2
No
No

10
Bol, ManuteManute Bol 11 !(11)
Washington Bullets
000000001986-02-25-0000February 25, 1986
Indiana Pacers
87–100
30
0
5
0
No
Yes
Rookie.

10
Nance, LarryLarry Nance (2)
Phoenix Suns
000000001988-01-04-0000January 4, 1988
Philadelphia 76ers
114–122
40
17
11
5
Yes
No
Fouled out.

10
Bol, ManuteManute Bol 12 !(12)
Washington Bullets
000000001988-01-22-0000January 22, 1988
Golden State Warriors
115–91
15
6
10
0
No
No
Did not start game.

10
Benjamin, BenoitBenoit Benjamin
Los Angeles Clippers
000000001988-01-29-0000January 29, 1988
Milwaukee Bucks
88–97
35
12
8
3
No
No

10
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon* (7)
Houston Rockets
000000001988-04-21-0000April 21, 1988
San Antonio Spurs
116–117
42
38
10
4
Yes
No

10
Bol, ManuteManute Bol 13 !(13)
Golden State Warriors
000000001988-11-12-0000November 12, 1988
Portland Trail Blazers
107–100
34
3
10
0
No
Yes
Did not start game.

10
Bol, ManuteManute Bol 14 !(14)
Golden State Warriors
000000001988-12-17-0000December 17, 1988
San Antonio Spurs
123–113
29
3
8
0
No
Yes
Did not start game.

10
Cooper, WayneWayne Cooper
Denver Nuggets
000000001988-12-30-0000December 30, 1988
Miami Heat
109–83
25
6
13
1
No
No

10
Bol, ManuteManute Bol 15 !(15)
Golden State Warriors
000000001989-02-16-0000February 16, 1989
Los Angeles Clippers
143–138
32
2
5
0
No
Yes
Overtime. Did not start game.

10
Bol, ManuteManute Bol 16 !(16)
Golden State Warriors
000000001989-03-10-0000March 10, 1989
Utah Jazz
112–126
27
8
5
0
No
Yes
Did not start game.

10
Benjamin, BenoitBenoit Benjamin (2)
Los Angeles Clippers
000000001989-03-31-0000March 31, 1989
San Antonio Spurs
109–106
44
25
10
3
Yes
No

10
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon* (8)
Houston Rockets
000000001989-12-17-0000December 17, 1989
Orlando Magic
109–94
43
32
25
2
Yes
Yes
20–20–10.

10
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson* (6)
San Antonio Spurs
000000001990-02-20-0000February 20, 1990
Los Angeles Lakers
114–115
41
23
16
2
Yes
No
Rookie. Overtime.

10
Jones, CharlesCharles Jones
Washington Bullets
000000001990-03-03-0000March 3, 1990
Orlando Magic
132–128
49
2
13
2
No
No
Double overtime.

10
Bol, ManuteManute Bol 17 !(17)
Golden State Warriors
000000001990-03-12-0000March 12, 1990
Los Angeles Clippers
112–109
18
0
4
1
No
No
Did not start game. 7 blocks in a quarter. Block with 35 seconds left helped secure the win.

10
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon* (9)
Houston Rockets
000000001990-04-29-0000April 29, 1990
Los Angeles Lakers
100–104
43
11
11
1
Yes
Yes

10
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson* (7)
San Antonio Spurs
000000001991-01-10-0000January 10, 1991
Orlando Magic
117–111
41
43
12
3
Yes
No
40–10–10.

10
Kemp, ShawnShawn Kemp
Seattle SuperSonics
000000001991-01-18-0000January 18, 1991
Los Angeles Lakers
96–105
40
20
8
3
No
No

10
Bol, ManuteManute Bol 18 !(18)
Philadelphia 76ers
000000001991-02-14-0000February 14, 1991
Sacramento Kings
81–98
30
3
8
0
No
No
Did not start game.

10
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo* (7)
Denver Nuggets
000000001992-03-10-0000March 10, 1992
Orlando Magic
89–82
42
13
8
1
No
No
Rookie.

10
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson* (8)
San Antonio Spurs
000000001992-11-10-0000November 10, 1992
Milwaukee Bucks
104–98
43
29
9
5
No
No

10
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon* 10 !(10)
Houston Rockets
000000001993-01-03-0000January 3, 1993
Portland Trail Blazers
101–103
44
40
9
3
No
Yes
Overtime. Fouled out.

10
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo* (8)
Denver Nuggets
000000001993-03-25-0000March 25, 1993
Golden State Warriors
99–88
40
21
16
2
Yes
No

10
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson* (9)
San Antonio Spurs
000000001993-11-09-0000November 9, 1993
Minnesota Timberwolves
110–95
41
43
11
1
Yes
No
40-10-10.

10
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo* (9)
Denver Nuggets
000000001993-12-10-0000December 10, 1993
Utah Jazz
107–98
35
13
9
3
No
Yes

10
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson* 10 !(10)
San Antonio Spurs
000000001994-02-17-0000February 17, 1994
Detroit Pistons
115–96
43
34
10
10
Yes
No
Fourth quadruple-double in NBA history.

10
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo* 10 !(10)
Denver Nuggets
000000001995-04-02-0000April 2, 1995
Cleveland Cavaliers
104–101
47
18
18
1
Yes
Yes

10
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo* 11 !(11)
Denver Nuggets
000000001995-12-02-0000December 2, 1995
Minnesota Timberwolves
109–105
46
22
16
2
Yes
Yes

10
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon* 11 !(11)
Houston Rockets
000000001995-12-13-0000December 13, 1995
Vancouver Grizzlies
100–89
38
15
14
3
Yes
No

10
Bradley, ShawnShawn Bradley (6)
New Jersey Nets
000000001996-03-12-0000March 12, 1996
Phoenix Suns
88–98
33
8
12
4
No
No

10
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon* 12 !(12)
Houston Rockets
000000001996-04-13-0000April 13, 1996
Dallas Mavericks
112–111
32
31
13
6
Yes
No

10
Bradley, ShawnShawn Bradley (7)
New Jersey Nets
000000001996-04-19-0000April 19, 1996
Boston Celtics
106–112
32
17
13
0
Yes
No

10
Bradley, ShawnShawn Bradley (8)
New Jersey Nets
000000001996-11-08-0000November 8, 1996
Orlando Magic
82–86
28
6
10
0
No
Yes

10
Bradley, ShawnShawn Bradley (9)
New Jersey Nets
000000001996-11-23-0000November 23, 1996
Dallas Mavericks
114–91
25
8
12
0
No
Yes

10
Bradley, ShawnShawn Bradley 10 !(10)
Dallas Mavericks
000000001997-03-04-0000March 4, 1997
Los Angeles Lakers
92–102
26
12
9
0
No
Yes
6 blocks in the third quarter; 8 blocks in the second half.

10
Camby, MarcusMarcus Camby (3)
Toronto Raptors
000000001998-04-19-0000April 19, 1998
Philadelphia 76ers
78–107
30
13
11
1
Yes
Yes
Last game of season.

10
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo* 12 !(12)
Philadelphia 76ers
000000002001-12-01-0000December 1, 2001
Chicago Bulls
93–76
39
16
19
0
Yes
No
8 blocks in the third quarter, tying the NBA record, and 9 blocks in the second half.

10
Wallace, BenBen Wallace
Detroit Pistons
000000002002-02-24-0000February 24, 2002
Milwaukee Bucks
82–89
39
10
17
1
Yes
Yes

10
Wallace, BenBen Wallace (2)
Detroit Pistons
000000002002-11-20-0000November 20, 2002
Miami Heat
79–68
43
12
19
1
Yes
No

10
O'Neal, JermaineJermaine O'Neal
Indiana Pacers
000000002003-01-22-0000January 22, 2003
Toronto Raptors
101–98
43
18
10
3
Yes
No

10
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo* 13 !(13)
New York Knicks
000000002004-01-04-0000January 4, 2004
New Jersey Nets
85–95
42
4
5
0
No
No

10
Booth, CalvinCalvin Booth
Seattle SuperSonics
000000002004-01-13-0000January 13, 2004
Cleveland Cavaliers
96–104
17
2
0
0
No
No
One of only three players to have ten or more blocks without committing a personal foul.

10
Stoudemire, Amar'eAmar'e Stoudemire
Phoenix Suns
000000002004-02-07-0000February 7, 2004
Utah Jazz
92–96
39
20
6
1
No
No
6 blocks in the first quarter; 7 blocks in the first half.

10
Smith, JoshJosh Smith^
Atlanta Hawks
000000002004-12-18-0000December 18, 2004
Dallas Mavericks
68–90
34
9
7
4
No
No
At 19 years and 13 days old, the rookie Smith became the youngest player to record 10 or more blocks. Did not commit a personal foul, one of only three players to have ten or more blocks in a game without committing a personal foul.

10
Kirilenko, AndreiAndrei Kirilenko^
Utah Jazz
000000002006-03-25-0000March 25, 2006
Sacramento Kings
89–91
39:49
15
14
3
Yes
No

10
Okafor, EmekaEmeka Okafor
Charlotte Bobcats
000000002007-01-12-0000January 12, 2007
New York Knicks
126–110
41:39
20
9
1
No
No

10
Camby, MarcusMarcus Camby (4)
Denver Nuggets
000000002007-12-26-0000December 26, 2007
Milwaukee Bucks
125–105
30:12
10
11
5
Yes
Yes

10
Howard, DwightDwight Howard^
Orlando Magic
000000002008-11-12-0000November 12, 2008
Oklahoma City Thunder
109–92
38:06
30
19
3
Yes
Yes
7 blocks in the first half.

10
Ibaka, SergeSerge Ibaka^ (2)
Oklahoma City Thunder
000000002012-02-01-0000February 1, 2012
Dallas Mavericks
95–86
39:59
4
11
1
No
Yes

10
Ibaka, SergeSerge Ibaka^ (3)
Oklahoma City Thunder
000000002012-02-09-0000February 9, 2012
Sacramento Kings
101–106
30:26
6
9
0
No
Yes

10
Bynum, AndrewAndrew Bynum
Los Angeles Lakers
000000002012-04-29-0000April 29, 2012
Denver Nuggets
103–88
35:32
10
13
0
Yes
No

10
Sanders, LarryLarry Sanders^
Milwaukee Bucks
000000002012-11-30-0000November 30, 2012
Minnesota Timberwolves
85–95
32:08
10
12
1
Yes
No

10
Whiteside, HassanHassan Whiteside^ (3)
Miami Heat
000000002015-11-17-0000November 17, 2015
Minnesota Timberwolves
91–103
33:49
22
14
0
Yes
Yes

10
Whiteside, HassanHassan Whiteside^ (4)
Miami Heat
000000002016-02-05-0000February 5, 2016
Charlotte Hornets
98–95
27:02
10
10
0
Yes
Yes
Did not start game.


document_title: Golden Gate Bridge

question_text: what is the original color of the golden gate bridge

text: Golden Gate Bridge

text: History

text: Ferry service

text: Before the bridge was built, the only practical short route between San Francisco and what is now Marin County was by boat across a section of San Francisco Bay. A ferry service began as early as 1820, with a regularly scheduled service beginning in the 1840s for the purpose of transporting water to San Francisco.[10]

text: The Sausalito Land and Ferry Company service, launched in 1867, eventually became the Golden Gate Ferry Company, a Southern Pacific Railroad subsidiary, the largest ferry operation in the world by the late 1920s.[10][11] Once for railroad passengers and customers only, Southern Pacific's automobile ferries became very profitable and important to the regional economy.[12] The ferry crossing between the Hyde Street Pier in San Francisco and Sausalito in Marin County took approximately 20 minutes and cost $1.00 per vehicle, a price later reduced to compete with the new bridge.[13] The trip from the San Francisco Ferry Building took 27 minutes.

text: Many wanted to build a bridge to connect San Francisco to Marin County. San Francisco was the largest American city still served primarily by ferry boats. Because it did not have a permanent link with communities around the bay, the city's growth rate was below the national average.[14] Many experts said that a bridge could not be built across the 6,700 ft (2,042 m) strait, which had strong, swirling tides and currents, with water 372 ft (113 m) deep[15] at the center of the channel, and frequent strong winds. Experts said that ferocious winds and blinding fogs would prevent construction and operation.[14]

text: Conception

text: Although the idea of a bridge spanning the Golden Gate was not new, the proposal that eventually took hold was made in a 1916 San Francisco Bulletin article by former engineering student James Wilkins.[16] San Francisco's City Engineer estimated the cost at $100 million, which would have been $2.12 billion in 2009, and impractical for the time. He asked bridge engineers whether it could be built for less.[10] One who responded, Joseph Strauss, was an ambitious engineer and poet who had, for his graduate thesis, designed a 55-mile-long (89 km) railroad bridge across the Bering Strait.[17] At the time, Strauss had completed some 400 drawbridges—most of which were inland—and nothing on the scale of the new project.[3] Strauss's initial drawings[16] were for a massive cantilever on each side of the strait, connected by a central suspension segment, which Strauss promised could be built for $17 million.[10]

text: Local authorities agreed to proceed only on the assurance that Strauss would alter the design and accept input from several consulting project experts.[citation needed] A suspension-bridge design was considered the most practical, because of recent advances in metallurgy.[10]

text: Strauss spent more than a decade drumming up support in Northern California.[18] The bridge faced opposition, including litigation, from many sources. The Department of War was concerned that the bridge would interfere with ship traffic. The navy feared that a ship collision or sabotage to the bridge could block the entrance to one of its main harbors. Unions demanded guarantees that local workers would be favored for construction jobs. Southern Pacific Railroad, one of the most powerful business interests in California, opposed the bridge as competition to its ferry fleet and filed a lawsuit against the project, leading to a mass boycott of the ferry service.[10]

text: In May 1924, Colonel Herbert Deakyne held the second hearing on the Bridge on behalf of the Secretary of War in a request to use federal land for construction. Deakyne, on behalf of the Secretary of War, approved the transfer of land needed for the bridge structure and leading roads to the "Bridging the Golden Gate Association" and both San Francisco County and Marin County, pending further bridge plans by Strauss.[19] Another ally was the fledgling automobile industry, which supported the development of roads and bridges to increase demand for automobiles.[13]

text: The bridge's name was first used when the project was initially discussed in 1917 by M.M. O'Shaughnessy, city engineer of San Francisco, and Strauss. The name became official with the passage of the Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District Act by the state legislature in 1923, creating a special district to design, build and finance the bridge.[20] San Francisco and most of the counties along the North Coast of California joined the Golden Gate Bridge District, with the exception being Humboldt County, whose residents opposed the bridge's construction and the traffic it would generate.[21]

text: Design

text: Strauss was chief engineer in charge of overall design and construction of the bridge project.[14] However, because he had little understanding or experience with cable-suspension designs,[22] responsibility for much of the engineering and architecture fell on other experts. Strauss's initial design proposal (two double cantilever spans linked by a central suspension segment) was unacceptable from a visual standpoint. The final graceful suspension design was conceived and championed by Leon Moisseiff, the engineer of the Manhattan Bridge in New York City.[23]

text: Irving Morrow, a relatively unknown residential architect, designed the overall shape of the bridge towers, the lighting scheme, and Art Deco elements, such as the tower decorations, streetlights, railing, and walkways. The famous International Orange color was originally used as a sealant for the bridge.[24] The US Navy had wanted it to be painted with black and yellow stripes to ensure visibility by passing ships.[14]

text: Senior engineer Charles Alton Ellis, collaborating remotely with Moisseiff, was the principal engineer of the project.[25] Moisseiff produced the basic structural design, introducing his "deflection theory" by which a thin, flexible roadway would flex in the wind, greatly reducing stress by transmitting forces via suspension cables to the bridge towers.[25] Although the Golden Gate Bridge design has proved sound, a later Moisseiff design, the original Tacoma Narrows Bridge, collapsed in a strong windstorm soon after it was completed, because of an unexpected aeroelastic flutter.[26] Ellis was also tasked with designing a "bridge within a bridge" in the southern abutment, to avoid the need to demolish Fort Point, a pre–Civil War masonry fortification viewed, even then, as worthy of historic preservation. He penned a graceful steel arch spanning the fort and carrying the roadway to the bridge's southern anchorage.[27]

text: Ellis was a Greek scholar and mathematician who at one time was a University of Illinois professor of engineering despite having no engineering degree. He eventually earned a degree in civil engineering from the University of Illinois prior to designing the Golden Gate Bridge and spent the last twelve years of his career as a professor at Purdue University. He became an expert in structural design, writing the standard textbook of the time.[28] Ellis did much of the technical and theoretical work that built the bridge, but he received none of the credit in his lifetime. In November 1931, Strauss fired Ellis and replaced him with a former subordinate, Clifford Paine, ostensibly for wasting too much money sending telegrams back and forth to Moisseiff.[28] Ellis, obsessed with the project and unable to find work elsewhere during the Depression, continued working 70 hours per week on an unpaid basis, eventually turning in ten volumes of hand calculations.[28]

text: With an eye toward self-promotion and posterity, Strauss downplayed the contributions of his collaborators who, despite receiving little recognition or compensation,[22] are largely responsible for the final form of the bridge. He succeeded in having himself credited as the person most responsible for the design and vision of the bridge.[28] Only much later were the contributions of the others on the design team properly appreciated.[28] In May 2007, the Golden Gate Bridge District issued a formal report on 70 years of stewardship of the famous bridge and decided to give Ellis major credit for the design of the bridge.

text: Finance

text: The Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District, authorized by an act of the California Legislature, was incorporated in 1928 as the official entity to design, construct, and finance the Golden Gate Bridge.[14] However, after the Wall Street Crash of 1929, the District was unable to raise the construction funds, so it lobbied for a $30 million bond measure. The bonds were approved in November 1930,[17] by votes in the counties affected by the bridge.[29] The construction budget at the time of approval was $27 million. However, the District was unable to sell the bonds until 1932, when Amadeo Giannini, the founder of San Francisco–based Bank of America, agreed on behalf of his bank to buy the entire issue in order to help the local economy.[10]

text: Construction

text:
Construction began on January 5, 1933.[10] The project cost more than $35 million,[30]  ($493 million in 2016 dollars[31]) completing ahead of schedule and $1.3 million under budget.[32]
The Golden Gate Bridge construction project was carried out by the McClintic-Marshall Construction Co., a subsidiary of Bethlehem Steel Corporation founded by Howard H. McClintic and Charles D. Marshall, both of Lehigh University.

text: Strauss remained head of the project, overseeing day-to-day construction and making some groundbreaking contributions. A graduate of the University of Cincinnati, he placed a brick from his alma mater's demolished McMicken Hall in the south anchorage before the concrete was poured. He innovated the use of movable safety netting beneath the construction site, which saved the lives of many otherwise-unprotected ironworkers. Of eleven men killed from falls during construction, ten were killed on February 17, 1937, when the bridge was near completion when the net failed under the stress of a scaffold that had fallen.[33] The workers' platform that was attached to a rolling hanger on a track collapsed when the bolts that were connected to the track were too small and the amount of weight was too great to bear. The platform fell into the safety net, but was too heavy and the net gave way. Two out of the twelve workers survived the 200-foot (61 m) fall into the icy waters, including the 37-year-old foreman, Slim Lambert. Nineteen others who were saved by the net over the course of construction became members of their Half Way to Hell Club.[34]

text: The project was finished and opened May 27, 1937.  The Bridge Round House diner was then included in the southeastern end of the Golden Gate Bridge, adjacent to the tourist plaza which was renovated in 2012.[35]  The Bridge Round House, an Art Deco design by Alfred Finnila completed in 1938, has been popular throughout the years as a starting point for various commercial tours of the bridge and an unofficial gift shop.[36]  The diner was renovated in 2012[35] and the gift shop was then removed as a new, official gift shop has been included in the adjacent plaza.[36]

text: During the bridge work, the Assistant Civil Engineer of California Alfred Finnila had overseen the entire iron work of the bridge as well as half of the bridge's road work.[37]  With the death of Jack Balestreri in April 2012, all workers involved in the original construction are now deceased.

text: Opening festivities, 50th, and 75th anniversaries

text: The bridge-opening celebration began on May 27, 1937, and lasted for one week. The day before vehicle traffic was allowed, 200,000 people crossed either on foot or on roller skates.[10] On opening day, Mayor Angelo Rossi and other officials rode the ferry to Marin, then crossed the bridge in a motorcade past three ceremonial "barriers", the last a blockade of beauty queens who required Joseph Strauss to present the bridge to the Highway District before allowing him to pass. An official song, "There's a Silver Moon on the Golden Gate", was chosen to commemorate the event. Strauss wrote a poem that is now on the Golden Gate Bridge entitled "The Mighty Task is Done." The next day, President Roosevelt pushed a button in Washington, D.C. signaling the official start of vehicle traffic over the Bridge at noon. As the celebration got out of hand there was a small riot in the uptown Polk Gulch area. Weeks of civil and cultural activities called "the Fiesta" followed. A statue of Strauss was moved in 1955 to a site near the bridge.[16]

text: In May 1987, as part of the 50th anniversary celebration, the Golden Gate Bridge district again closed the bridge to automobile traffic and allowed pedestrians to cross the bridge. However, this celebration attracted 750,000 to 1,000,000 people, and ineffective crowd control meant the bridge became congested with roughly 300,000 people, causing the center span of the bridge to flatten out under the weight.[38] Although the bridge is designed to flex in that way under heavy loads, and was estimated not to have exceeded 40% of the yielding stress of the suspension cables,[39] bridge officials stated that uncontrolled pedestrian access was not being considered as part of the 75th anniversary on Sunday, May 27, 2012,[40][41][42] because of the additional law enforcement costs required "since 9/11".[43]

text:
A pedestrian poses at the old railing on opening day, 1937.

Play media

Opening of the Golden Gate Bridge

Official invitation to the opening of the bridge. This copy was sent to the City of Seattle.

text: Structural specifications

text: Until 1964, the Golden Gate Bridge had the longest suspension bridge main span in the world, at 4,200 feet (1,300 m). Since 1964 its main span length has been surpassed by ten bridges; it now has the second-longest main span in the United States, after the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in New York City. The total length of the Golden Gate Bridge from abutment to abutment is 8,981 feet (2,737 m).[44]

text: The Golden Gate Bridge's clearance above high water averages 220 feet (67 m) while its towers, at 746 feet (227 m) above the water,[44] were the world's tallest on a suspension bridge until 1993 when it was surpassed by the Mezcala Bridge, in Mexico.

text: The weight of the roadway is hung from 250 pairs of vertical suspender ropes, which are attached to two main cables. The main cables pass over the two main towers and are fixed in concrete at each end. Each cable is made of 27,572 strands of wire. The total length of galvanized steel wire used to fabricate both main cables is estimated to be 80,000 miles (130,000 km).[44]

text: In 1961, BART completed a study that determined the bridge's suspension section was capable of supporting planned rapid transit rail service on a new lower deck.[45] These plans were not followed out.

text: The bridge has approximately 1,200,000 total rivets.[citation needed]

text: Aesthetics

text:
The color of the bridge is officially an orange vermilion called international orange.[46] The color was selected by consulting architect Irving Morrow[47] because it complements the natural surroundings and enhances the bridge's visibility in fog.
Aesthetics was the foremost reason why the first design of Joseph Strauss was rejected. Upon re-submission of his bridge construction plan, he added details, such as lighting, to outline the bridge's cables and towers.[48] In 1999, it was ranked fifth on the List of America's Favorite Architecture by the American Institute of Architects.

text: The bridge was originally painted with red lead primer and a lead-based topcoat, which was touched up as required. In the mid-1960s, a program was started to improve corrosion protection by stripping the original paint and repainting the bridge with zinc silicate primer and vinyl topcoats.[49][46] Since 1990, acrylic topcoats have been used instead for air-quality reasons. The program was completed in 1995 and it is now maintained by 38 painters who touch up the paintwork where it becomes seriously corroded.[50]

text:
A view of the Golden Gate Bridge from the Marin Headlands on a foggy morning at sunrise

View of the northern tower of the bridge

text: Traffic

text: Most maps and signage mark the bridge as part of the concurrency between U.S. Route 101 and California State Route 1. Although part of the National Highway System, the bridge is not officially part of California's Highway System.[51] For example, under the California Streets and Highways Code § 401, Route 101 ends at "the approach to the Golden Gate Bridge" and then resumes at "a point in Marin County opposite San Francisco". The Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District has jurisdiction over the segment of highway that crosses the bridge instead of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans).

text: The movable median barrier between the lanes is moved several times daily to conform to traffic patterns. On weekday mornings, traffic flows mostly southbound into the city, so four of the six lanes run southbound. Conversely, on weekday afternoons, four lanes run northbound. During off-peak periods and weekends, traffic is split with three lanes in each direction.[52]

text: From 1968 to 2015, opposing traffic was separated by small, plastic pylons, and during that time, there were 16 fatalities resulting from 128 head-on collisions.[53] To improve safety, the speed limit on the Golden Gate Bridge was reduced from 50 to 45 mph (80 to 72 km/h) on October 1, 1983.[54] Although there had been discussion concerning the installation of a movable barrier since the 1980s, only in March 2005 did the Bridge Board of Directors commit to finding funding to complete the $2 million study required prior to the installation of a movable median barrier.[53] Installation of the resulting barrier was completed on January 11, 2015, following a closure of 45.5 hours to private vehicle traffic, the longest in the bridge's history.  The new barrier system, including the zipper trucks, cost approximately $30.3 million to purchase and install.[53][55]

text: Usage and tourism

text: The bridge is popular with pedestrians and bicyclists, and was built with walkways on either side of the six vehicle traffic lanes. Initially, they were separated from the traffic lanes by only a metal curb, but railings between the walkways and the traffic lanes were added in 2003, primarily as a measure to prevent bicyclists from falling into the roadway.[56]

text: The main walkway is on the eastern side, and is open for use by both pedestrians and bicycles in the morning to mid-afternoon during weekdays (5 am to 3:30 pm), and to pedestrians only for the remaining daylight hours (until 6 pm, or 9 pm during DST). The eastern walkway is reserved for pedestrians on weekends (5 am to 6 pm, or 9 pm during DST), and is open exclusively to bicyclists in the evening and overnight, when it is closed to pedestrians. The western walkway is open only for bicyclists and only during the hours when they are not allowed on the eastern walkway.[57]

text: Bus service across the bridge is provided by two public transportation agencies: San Francisco Muni and Golden Gate Transit. Muni offers Saturday and Sunday service on the Marin Headlands Express bus line, and Golden Gate Transit runs numerous bus lines throughout the week.[58][59] The southern end of the bridge, near the toll plaza and parking lot, is also accessible daily from 5:30 a.m. to midnight by Muni line 28.[60] The Marin Airporter, a private company, also offers service across the bridge between Marin County and San Francisco International Airport.[61]

text: A visitor center and gift shop, dubbed the "Bridge Pavilion", is located on the San Francisco side of the bridge, adjacent to the southeast parking lot.  It opened in 2012, in time for the bridge's 75th anniversary celebration.  A cafe, outdoor exhibits, and restroom facilities are located nearby.[62] On the Marin side of the bridge, only accessible from the northbound lanes, is the H. Dana Bower Rest Area and Vista Point,[63] named after the first landscape architect for the California Division of Highways.[64]

text: Lands and waters under and around the bridge are homes to varieties of wildlife such as bobcats and sea lions.[65][66] Three species of cetaceans that had been absent in the area for many years show recent recoveries/(re)colonizations vicinity to the bridge, and researchers study them to strengthen protections, concerning actions by public and recommending to watch whales either from the bridge and nearby, or to use a local whale watching operator.[67][68][69]

text: Tolls

text: When the Golden Gate Bridge opened in 1937, the toll was 50 cents per car, collected in each direction. It was reduced to 40 cents each way in 1950, then lowered to 25 cents in 1955. In 1968, the bridge was converted to only collect tolls from southbound traffic, with the toll amount reset back to 50 cents.[70]

text: The last of the construction bonds were retired in 1971, with $35 million in principal and nearly $39 million in interest raised entirely from bridge tolls.[54] Tolls continued to be collected and subsequently incrementally raised; by 1991, the toll was $3.[70]

text: The bridge began accepting tolls via the FasTrak electronic toll collection system in 2002, with $4 tolls for FasTrak users and $5 for those paying cash.[70] In November 2006, the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District recommended a corporate sponsorship program for the bridge to address its operating deficit, projected at $80 million over five years. The District promised that the proposal, which it called a "partnership program," would not include changing the name of the bridge or placing advertising on the bridge itself. In October 2007, the Board unanimously voted to discontinue the proposal and seek additional revenue through other means, most likely a toll increase.[71][72] The District later increased the toll amounts in 2008 to $5 for FasTrak users and $6 to those paying cash.[70]

text: In an effort to save $19.2 million over the following 10 years, the Golden Gate District voted in January 2011 to eliminate all toll takers by 2012 and use only open road tolling.[73] Subsequently, this was delayed and toll taker elimination occurred in March 2013. The cost savings have been revised to $19 million over an eight-year period. In addition to FasTrak, the Golden Gate District implemented the use of license plate tolling (branded as "Pay-by-Plate"), and also a one time payment system for drivers to pay before or after their trip on the bridge. Twenty-eight positions were eliminated as part of this plan.[74]

text: On April 7, 2014, the toll for users of FasTrak was increased from $5 to $6, while the toll for drivers using either the license plate tolling or the one time payment system was raised from $6 to $7. Bicycle, pedestrian, and northbound motor vehicle traffic remain toll free. For vehicles with more than two axles, the toll rate is $7 per axle for those using license plate tolling or the one time payment system, and $6 per axle for FasTrak users. During peak traffic hours, carpool vehicles carrying two or more people and motorcycles pay a discounted toll of $4; drivers must have Fastrak to take advantage of this carpool rate.[74] The Golden Gate Transportation District then planned to increase the tolls by 25 cents in July 2015, and then by another 25 cents each of the next three years.[75]

text:
Golden Gate Bridge toll increases (2014–18)[75][76]

Effective date

FasTrak

Toll-by-plate

Carpool

Multi-axle vehicle

April 7, 2014

$6.00

$7.00

$4.00

$7.00 per axle

July 1, 2015

$6.25

$7.25

$4.25

$7.25 per axle

July 1, 2016

$6.50

$7.50

$4.50

$7.50 per axle

July 1, 2017

$6.75

$7.75

$4.75

$7.75 per axle

July 1, 2018

$7.00

$8.00

$5.00

$8.00 per axle

text: Congestion pricing

text: In March 2008, the Golden Gate Bridge District board approved a resolution to start congestion pricing at the Golden Gate Bridge, charging higher tolls during the peak hours, but rising and falling depending on traffic levels. This decision allowed the Bay Area to meet the federal requirement to receive $158 million in federal transportation funds from USDOT Urban Partnership grant.[77] As a condition of the grant, the congestion toll was to be in place by September 2009.[78][79]

text: The first results of the study, called the Mobility, Access and Pricing Study (MAPS), showed that a congestion pricing program is feasible.[80] The different pricing scenarios considered were presented in public meetings in December 2008.[81]

text: In August 2008, transportation officials ended the congestion pricing program in favor of varying rates for metered parking along the route to the bridge including on Lombard Street and Van Ness Avenue.[82]

text: Issues

text: Suicides

text: The Golden Gate Bridge is the second-most used suicide site/suicide bridge in the world, after the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge.[83] The deck is about 245 feet (75 m) above the water.[84] After a fall of four seconds, jumpers hit the water at around 75 mph or about 120 km/h. Most of the jumpers die from impact trauma. About 5% of the jumpers survive the initial impact but generally drown or die of hypothermia in the cold water.[85][86]

text: After years of debate and over an estimated 1,500 deaths, suicide barriers began to be installed in April 2017. Construction will take approximately four years at a cost of over $200 million.[87]

text: Wind

text: Since its completion, the Golden Gate Bridge has been closed because of weather conditions only three times: on December 1, 1951, because of gusts of 69 mph (111 km/h); on December 23, 1982, because of winds of 70 mph (113 km/h); and on December 3, 1983, because of wind gusts of 75 mph (121 km/h).[49]

text: An anemometer, placed midway between the two towers on the west side of the bridge, has been used to measure wind speeds. Another anemometer was placed on one of the towers.

text: Seismic vulnerability and improvements

text: Modern knowledge of the effect of earthquakes on structures led to a program to retrofit the Golden Gate to better resist seismic events. The proximity of the bridge to the San Andreas Fault places it at risk for a significant earthquake. Once thought to have been able to withstand any magnitude of foreseeable earthquake, the bridge was actually vulnerable to complete structural failure (i.e., collapse) triggered by the failure of supports on the 320-foot (98 m) arch over Fort Point.[88] A $392 million program was initiated to improve the structure's ability to withstand such an event with only minimal (repairable) damage. One challenging undertaking is completing this program without disrupting traffic. A complex electro-hydraulic synchronous lift system was custom built for construction of temporary support towers and a series of intricate lifts, transferring the loads from the existing bridge onto the temporary supports. This was completed with engineers from Balfour Beatty and Enerpac, accomplishing this task without disrupting day-to-day San Francisco commuter traffic.[89][90] The retrofit was planned to be completed in 2012.[90][91]

text:
The former elevated approach to the Golden Gate Bridge through the San Francisco Presidio, known as Doyle Drive, dated to 1933 and was named after Frank P. Doyle, President and son of the founder of the Exchange Bank in Santa Rosa, and the man who, more than any other person, made it possible to build the Golden Gate Bridge.[92] The highway carried about 91,000 vehicles each weekday between downtown San Francisco and the North Bay and points north.[93] The road was deemed "vulnerable to earthquake damage", had a problematic 4-lane design, and lacked shoulders, and a San Francisco County Transportation Authority study recommended that it be replaced. Construction on the $1 billion[94] replacement, temporarily known as the Presidio Parkway, began in December 2009.[95]
The elevated Doyle Drive was demolished on the weekend of April 27–30, 2012, and traffic used a part of the partially completed Presidio Parkway, until it was switched onto the finished Presidio Parkway on the weekend of July 9–12, 2015. As of May 2012, an official at Caltrans said there is no plan to permanently rename the portion known as Doyle Drive.[96]

text: In popular culture

text: As a prominent American landmark, the Golden Gate Bridge has been used in numerous media which includes books, films and video games.