document_title: List of lakes by area

question_text: what is the biggest lakes in the world

question_tokens: what is the biggest lakes in the world

text: List of lakes by area

text: List of lakes[edit]

text:
Continent color

Africa

Asia

Europe

North America

South America

Antarctica

text:
Name

Countries with shoreline

Area

Length

Maximum depth

Water volume

Thumbnail (same scale for all lakes)

Notes

7000100000000000000♠1

Caspian Sea*

 Kazakhstan Russia Turkmenistan Azerbaijan Iran

7011371000000000000♠371,000 km2 (143,000 sq mi)

7006119900000000000♠1,199 km (745 mi)

7003102500000000000♠1,025 m (3,363 ft)

7013782000000000000♠78,200 km3 (18,800 cu mi)

Despite its name, the Caspian Sea is often regarded as the world's largest lake, though it contains an oceanic basin (contiguous with the world ocean until 11 million years ago) rather than being entirely over continental crust.[4][5][6][7][8]

7000200000000000000♠2

Superior[n 1]

 Canada United States

7010821000000000000♠82,100 km2 (31,700 sq mi)[14]

7005616000000000000♠616 km (383 mi)[14]

7002406300000000000♠406.3 m (1,333 ft)[14]

7013121000000000000♠12,100 km3 (2,900 cu mi)[14]

Largest of the Great Lakes by volume, having more water than the other four combined.[15] The largest freshwater lake by surface area.[16]

7000300000000000000♠3

Victoria

 Uganda Kenya Tanzania

7010688700000000000♠68,870 km2 (26,590 sq mi)

7005322000000000000♠322 km (200 mi)

7001840000000000000♠84 m (276 ft)

7012275000000000000♠2,750 km3 (660 cu mi)

The largest lake by area in Africa.[17]

7000400000000000000♠4

Huron[n 1]

 Canada United States

7010596000000000000♠59,600 km2 (23,000 sq mi)[14]

7005332000000000000♠332 km (206 mi)[14]

7002229000000000000♠229 m (751 ft)[14]

7012354000000000000♠3,540 km3 (850 cu mi)[14]

Contains Manitoulin Island, the world's largest lake island.[18]

7000500000000000000♠5

Michigan[n 1]

 United States

7010580000000000000♠58,000 km2 (22,000 sq mi)[14]

7005494000000000000♠494 km (307 mi)[14]

7002281000000000000♠281 m (922 ft)[14]

7012490000000000000♠4,900 km3 (1,200 cu mi)[14]

Largest lake contained within one country.

7000600000000000000♠6

Tanganyika

 Burundi Tanzania Zambia Democratic Republic of the Congo

7010326000000000000♠32,600 km2 (12,600 sq mi)

7005676000000000000♠676 km (420 mi)

7003147000000000000♠1,470 m (4,820 ft)

7013189000000000000♠18,900 km3 (4,500 cu mi)

Longest freshwater lake in the world and second-largest by volume.[19]

7000700000000000000♠7

Baikal

 Russia

7010315000000000000♠31,500 km2 (12,200 sq mi)

7005636000000000000♠636 km (395 mi)

7003163700000000000♠1,637 m (5,371 ft)

7013236000000000000♠23,600 km3 (5,700 cu mi)

Deepest lake in the world and largest volume freshwater lake in the world.[20]

7000800000000000000♠8

Great Bear Lake

 Canada

7010310000000000000♠31,000 km2 (12,000 sq mi)

7005373000000000000♠373 km (232 mi)

7002446000000000000♠446 m (1,463 ft)

7012223600000000000♠2,236 km3 (536 cu mi)

Largest lake entirely within Canada[21]

7000900000000000000♠9

Malawi

 Malawi Mozambique Tanzania

7010295000000000000♠29,500 km2 (11,400 sq mi)

7005579000000000000♠579 km (360 mi)

7002706000000000000♠706 m (2,316 ft)

7012840000000000000♠8,400 km3 (2,000 cu mi)

7001100000000000000♠10

Great Slave Lake

 Canada

7010270000000000000♠27,000 km2 (10,000 sq mi)

7005480000000000000♠480 km (300 mi)

7002614000000000000♠614 m (2,014 ft)

7012156000000000000♠1,560 km3 (370 cu mi)

Deepest lake in North America[22]

7001110000000000000♠11

Erie

 Canada United States

7010257000000000000♠25,700 km2 (9,900 sq mi)[14]

7005388000000000000♠388 km (241 mi)[14]

7001640000000000000♠64 m (210 ft)[14]

7011489000000000000♠489 km3 (117 cu mi)[14]

7001120000000000000♠12

Winnipeg

 Canada

7010245140000000000♠24,514 km2 (9,465 sq mi)

7005425000000000000♠425 km (264 mi)

7001360000000000000♠36 m (118 ft)

7011283000000000000♠283 km3 (68 cu mi)

7001130000000000000♠13

Ontario

 Canada United States

7010189600000000000♠18,960 km2 (7,320 sq mi)[14]

7005311000000000000♠311 km (193 mi)[14]

7002244000000000000♠244 m (801 ft)[14]

7012163900000000000♠1,639 km3 (393 cu mi)[14]

7001140000000000000♠14

Ladoga

 Russia

7010181300000000000♠18,130 km2 (7,000 sq mi)

7005219000000000000♠219 km (136 mi)

7002230000000000000♠230 m (750 ft)

7011908000000000000♠908 km3 (218 cu mi)

Largest lake in Europe[23]

7001150000000000000♠15

Balkhash*

 Kazakhstan

7010164000000000000♠16,400 km2 (6,300 sq mi)

7005605000000000000♠605 km (376 mi)

7001260000000000000♠26 m (85 ft)

7011106000000000000♠106 km3 (25 cu mi)

7001160000000000000♠16

Vostok

 Antarctica

7010125000000000000♠12,500 km2 (4,800 sq mi)

7005250000000000000♠250 km (160 mi)

7002900000000000000♠900–1,000 m (3,000–3,300 ft)

7012540000000000000♠5,400 ± 1,600 km3 (1,300 ± 380 cu mi)

Largest lake in Antarctica

7001170000000000000♠17

Onega

 Russia

7009970000000000000♠9,700 km2 (3,700 sq mi)

7005245000000000000♠245 km (152 mi)

7002127000000000000♠127 m (417 ft)

7011285000000000000♠285 km3 (68 cu mi)

7001180000000000000♠18

Titicaca

 Bolivia Peru

7009837200000000000♠8,372 km2 (3,232 sq mi)

7005177000000000000♠177 km (110 mi)

7002281000000000000♠281 m (922 ft)

7011893000000000000♠893 km3 (214 cu mi)

Largest lake in South America. Has a smaller surface area than the world's largest man-made reservoir, Lake Volta, which has a surface area of 7009848200000000000♠8,482 km2 (3,275 sq mi).

7001190000000000000♠19

Nicaragua

 Nicaragua

7009826400000000000♠8,264 km2 (3,191 sq mi)

7005177000000000000♠177 km (110 mi)

7001260000000000000♠26 m (85 ft)

7011108000000000000♠108 km3 (26 cu mi)

Largest lake in Central America

7001200000000000000♠20

Athabasca

 Canada

7009785000000000000♠7,850 km2 (3,030 sq mi)

7005335000000000000♠335 km (208 mi)

7002243000000000000♠243 m (797 ft)

7011204000000000000♠204 km3 (49 cu mi)

7001210000000000000♠21

Taymyr

 Russia

7009699000000000000♠6,990 km2 (2,700 sq mi)

7005250000000000000♠250 km (160 mi)

7001260000000000000♠26 m (85 ft)

7010128000000000000♠12.8 km3 (3.1 cu mi)

Largest lake entirely north of the Arctic Circle[citation needed]

7001220000000000000♠22

Turkana*

 Ethiopia Kenya

7009640500000000000♠6,405 km2 (2,473 sq mi)

7005248000000000000♠248 km (154 mi)

7002109000000000000♠109 m (358 ft)

7011204000000000000♠204 km3 (49 cu mi)

Largest permanent desert lake and the world's largest alkaline lake.[24]

7001230000000000000♠23

Reindeer Lake

 Canada

7009633000000000000♠6,330 km2 (2,440 sq mi)

7005245000000000000♠245 km (152 mi)

7002337000000000000♠337 m (1,106 ft)

7010952500000000000♠95.25 km3 (22.85 cu mi)

7001240000000000000♠24

Issyk-Kul*

 Kyrgyzstan

7009620000000000000♠6,200 km2 (2,400 sq mi)

7005182000000000000♠182 km (113 mi)

7002668000000000000♠668 m (2,192 ft)

7012173800000000000♠1,738 km3 (417 cu mi)

7001250000000000000♠25

Urmia*

 Iran

7009600100000000000♠6,001 km2 (2,317 sq mi)

7005130000000000000♠130 km (81 mi)

7001160000000000000♠16 m (52 ft)

7001260000000000000♠26

Vänern

 Sweden

7009554500000000000♠5,545 km2 (2,141 sq mi)

7005140000000000000♠140 km (87 mi)

7002106000000000000♠106 m (348 ft)

7011153000000000000♠153 km3 (37 cu mi)

Largest lake in the European Union

7001270000000000000♠27

Winnipegosis

 Canada

7009540300000000000♠5,403 km2 (2,086 sq mi)

7005245000000000000♠245 km (152 mi)

7001180000000000000♠18 m (59 ft)

7001280000000000000♠28

Albert

 Uganda Democratic Republic of the Congo

7009529900000000000♠5,299 km2 (2,046 sq mi)

7005161000000000000♠161 km (100 mi)

7001580000000000000♠58 m (190 ft)

7011280000000000000♠280 km3 (67 cu mi)

7001290000000000000♠29

Mweru

 Zambia Democratic Republic of the Congo

7009512000000000000♠5,120 km2 (1,980 sq mi)

7005131000000000000♠131 km (81 mi)

7001270000000000000♠27 m (89 ft)

7010380000000000000♠38 km3 (9.1 cu mi)

7001300000000000000♠30

Nettilling

 Canada

7009506600000000000♠5,066 km2 (1,956 sq mi)

7005113000000000000♠113 km (70 mi)

7002132000000000000♠132 m (433 ft)

Lake is on Baffin Island and is the largest lake on an island.[25]

7001310000000000000♠31

Nipigon

 Canada

7009484300000000000♠4,843 km2 (1,870 sq mi)

7005116000000000000♠116 km (72 mi)

7002165000000000000♠165 m (541 ft)

7011248000000000000♠248 km3 (59 cu mi)

7001320000000000000♠32

Manitoba

 Canada

7009470600000000000♠4,706 km2 (1,817 sq mi)

7005225000000000000♠225 km (140 mi)

7000700000000000000♠7 m (23 ft)

7010141000000000000♠14.1 km3 (3.4 cu mi)

7001330000000000000♠33

Great Salt Lake*

 United States

7009466200000000000♠4,662 km2 (1,800 sq mi)

7005121000000000000♠121 km (75 mi)

7001100000000000000♠10 m (33 ft)

7010189200000000000♠18.92 km3 (4.54 cu mi)

Largest saltwater lake in the Western Hemisphere; Largest non-Great Lake in the United States.

7001340000000000000♠34

Qinghai Lake*

 China

7009448900000000000♠4,489 km2 (1,733 sq mi) (2007)

7001328000000000000♠32.8 m (108 ft)

7001350000000000000♠35

Saimaa

 Finland

≈ 4,400 km2 (1,700 sq mi)

7001820000000000000♠82 m (269 ft)

7010360000000000000♠36 km3 (8.6 cu mi)

7001360000000000000♠36

Lake of the Woods

 Canada United States

4,350 km2 (1,680 sq mi)

7005110000000000000♠110 km (68 mi)

7001640000000000000♠64 m (210 ft)

7010194000000000000♠19.4 km3 (4.7 cu mi)

Most islands of any lake, with around 14,632 in total.

7001370000000000000♠37

Khanka

 China Russia

4,190 km2 (1,620 sq mi)

7004900000000000000♠90 km (56 mi)

7001106000000000000♠10.6 m (35 ft)

7010183000000000000♠18.3 km3 (4.4 cu mi)

7001380000000000000♠38

Sarygamysh

 Uzbekistan Turkmenistan

3,955 km2 (1,527 sq mi)

7005125000000000000♠125 km (78 mi)

7001400000000000000♠40 m (130 ft)

7010685600000000000♠68.56 km3 (16.45 cu mi)

7001390000000000000♠39

Dubawnt

 Canada

3,833 km2 (1,480 sq mi)

7001400000000000000♠40

Van*

 Turkey

3,755 km2 (1,450 sq mi)

7005119000000000000♠119 km (74 mi)

7002451000000000000♠451 m (1,480 ft)

7011607000000000000♠607 km3 (146 cu mi)

7001410000000000000♠41

Peipus

 Estonia Russia

3,555 km2 (1,373 sq mi)

7001153000000000000♠15.3 m (50 ft)

7010250000000000000♠25 km3 (6.0 cu mi)

7001420000000000000♠42

Uvs*

 Mongolia Russia

3,350 km2 (1,290 sq mi)

7004840000000000000♠84 km (52 mi)

7001430000000000000♠43

Poyang

 China

3,210 km2 (1,240 sq mi)

7005170000000000000♠170 km (110 mi)

7001251000000000000♠25.1 m (82 ft)

7010252000000000000♠25.2 km3 (6.0 cu mi)

7001440000000000000♠44

Tana

 Ethiopia

3,200 km2 (1,200 sq mi)

7004840000000000000♠84 km (52 mi)

7001150000000000000♠15 m (49 ft)

7001450000000000000♠45

Amadjuak

 Canada

3,115 km2 (1,203 sq mi)

7001460000000000000♠46

Melville

 Canada

3,069 km2 (1,185 sq mi)

7001470000000000000♠47

Bangweulu

 Zambia

3,000 km2 (1,200 sq mi)

7004750000000000000♠75 km (47 mi)

7000400000000000000♠4 m (13 ft)

7001480000000000000♠48

Dongting

 China

2,820 km2 (1,090 sq mi)

7001490000000000000♠49

 Khövsgöl

 Mongolia

2,760 km2 (1,070 sq mi)

7005136000000000000♠136 km (85 mi)

7002267000000000000♠267 m (876 ft)

7011480700000000000♠480.7 km3 (115.3 cu mi)

7001500000000000000♠50

Tonlé Sap

 Cambodia

2,700 km2 (1,000 sq mi)

7005250000000000000♠250 km (160 mi)

7001100000000000000♠10 m (33 ft)

7010800000000000000♠80 km3 (19 cu mi)

7001500000000000000♠50

Kivu

 Rwanda Democratic Republic of the Congo

2,700 km2 (1,000 sq mi)

7004890000000000000♠89 km (55 mi)

7002480000000000000♠480 m (1,570 ft)

7011500000000000000♠500 km3 (120 cu mi)

7001520000000000000♠52

Wollaston

 Canada

2,681 km2 (1,035 sq mi)

7001970000000000000♠97 m (318 ft)

7010398000000000000♠39.8 km3 (9.5 cu mi)

7001530000000000000♠53

Alakol*

 Kazakhstan

2,650 km2 (1,020 sq mi)

7001540000000000000♠54 m (177 ft)

7010586000000000000♠58.6 km3 (14.1 cu mi)

7001540000000000000♠54

Iliamna

 United States

2,622 km2 (1,012 sq mi)

7005124000000000000♠124 km (77 mi)

7002301000000000000♠301 m (988 ft)

7011115000000000000♠115 km3 (28 cu mi)

7001550000000000000♠55

Hulun

 China

2,339 km2 (903 sq mi)

7011115000000000000♠115 km3 (28 cu mi)

7001560000000000000♠56

Mistassini

 Canada

2,335 km2 (902 sq mi)

7005161000000000000♠161 km (100 mi)

7002183000000000000♠183 m (600 ft)

7011150000000000000♠150 km3 (36 cu mi)

7001570000000000000♠57

Edward

 Democratic Republic of the Congo Uganda

2,325 km2 (898 sq mi)

7004770000000000000♠77 km (48 mi)

7002112000000000000♠112 m (367 ft)

7010395000000000000♠39.5 km3 (9.5 cu mi)

7001580000000000000♠58

Mai-Ndombe

 Democratic Republic of the Congo

2,300 km2 (890 sq mi)

7001100000000000000♠10 m (33 ft)

7001590000000000000♠59

Nueltin

 Canada

2,279 km2 (880 sq mi)

7005144000000000000♠144 km (89 mi)

7001600000000000000♠60

Tai

 China

2,250 km2 (870 sq mi)

7001610000000000000♠61

Southern Indian Lake

 Canada

2,247 km2 (868 sq mi)

7001300000000000000♠30 m (98 ft)

7010234000000000000♠23.4 km3 (5.6 cu mi)

7001620000000000000♠62

Chany

 Russia

2,000 km2 (770 sq mi)

7004910000000000000♠91 km (57 mi)

7000700000000000000♠7 m (23 ft)

text: * denotes saline lake.

text: Source for the 20 largest lakes (and their areas):[26]

text: This list excludes seasonal lakes such as Lake Eyre (max area 9500 km²), Mar Chiquita Lake (Córdoba) (max area 6000 km²) and Lake Torrens (max area 5745 km²).


document_title: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 5)

question_text: who won season 5 of dancing with the stars

root

text: Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 5)

text: Couples[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The 12 celebrities and professional dancers who competed were:

tag: p

text:
Celebrity
Notability (known for)
Professional partner
Status

Josie Maran
Model & actress
Alec Mazo
Eliminated 1st
on September 25, 2007

Albert Reed
Model
Anna Trebunskaya
Eliminated 2nd
on October 2, 2007

Wayne Newton
Las Vegas entertainer
Cheryl Burke
Eliminated 3rd
on October 9, 2007

Floyd Mayweather
Professional boxer
Karina Smirnoff
Eliminated 4th
on October 16, 2007

Mark Cuban
Dallas Mavericks owner & entrepreneur
Kym Johnson
Eliminated 5th
on October 23, 2007

Sabrina Bryan
The Cheetah Girls singer & actress
Mark Ballas
Eliminated 6th
on October 30, 2007

Jane Seymour
Film & television actress
Tony Dovolani
Eliminated 7th
on November 6, 2007

Cameron Mathison
All My Children actor & television host
Edyta Śliwińska
Eliminated 8th
on November 13, 2007

Jennie Garth
Beverly Hills, 90210 actress
Derek Hough
Eliminated 9th
on November 20, 2007

Marie Osmond
Singer & actress
Jonathan Roberts
Third place
on November 27, 2007

Mel B
Spice Girls singer
Maksim Chmerkovskiy
Runner-up
on November 27, 2007

Hélio Castroneves
IndyCar driver
Julianne Hough
Winner
on November 27, 2007

text: Scoring chart[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Couple
Place
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Top 3
Top 2

Hélio & Julianne
1
25
27
24
27
23
28
25+27=52
27+30=57
30+30=60
25+29=54
+30=84

Mel & Maks
2
24
23
27
26
29
30
24+30=54
27+29=56
30+30=60
28+27=55
+30=85

Marie & Jonathan
3
21
24
26
26
21
23
28+24=52
24+25=49
29+27=56
24+22=46

Jennie & Derek
4
21
21
26
27
25
27
25+28=53
24+26=50
28+30=58

Cameron & Edyta
5
21
21
23
27
26
25
24+27=51
27+24=51

Jane & Tony
6
24
21
27
26
26
22
24+26=50

Sabrina & Mark B.
7
26
26
27
30
28
25

Mark C. & Kym
8
21
18
20
22
21

Floyd & Karina
9
18
21
21
23

Wayne & Cheryl
10
19
15
18

Albert & Anna
11
21
21

Josie & Alec
12
16

text: Average chart[edit]

text:
Rank by
average
Place
Couple
Total
Number of
dances
Average

1
2
Mel B & Maks
414
15
27.6

2
1
Helio & Julianne
407
27.1

3
7
Sabrina & Mark
162
6
27.0

4
4
Jennie & Derek
308
12
25.7

5
3
Marie & Jonathan
344
14
24.6

6
5
Cameron & Edyta
245
10
24.5

6
Jane & Tony
196
8

8
11
Albert & Anna
42
2
21.0

9
9
Floyd & Karina
83
4
20.8

10
8
Mark & Kym
102
5
20.4

11
10
Wayne & Cheryl
52
3
17.3

12
12
Josie & Alec
16
1
16.0

text: Average dance chart[edit]

text:
Couples
Best dances
Worst dances

Helio & Julianne
Quickstep (twice), Foxtrot, Cha-cha-cha (30)
Rumba (23)

Mel & Maks
Rumba, Paso doble (twice), Viennese Waltz, Mambo (30)
Quickstep (23)

Marie & Jonathan
Quickstep (29)
Foxtrot & Samba (21)

Jennie & Derek
Cha-cha-cha (30)
Cha-cha-cha & Quickstep (21)

Cameron & Edyta
Paso doble, Jive, Viennese Waltz (27)
Foxtrot & Mambo (21)

Jane & Tony
Tango (27)
Mambo (21)

Sabrina & Mark
Paso doble (30)
Foxtrot (25)

Mark & Kym
Viennese Waltz (22)
Mambo (18)

Floyd & Karina
Paso doble (23)
Cha-cha-cha (18)

Wanye & Cheryl
Cha-cha-cha (19)
Quickstep (15)

Albert & Anna
Cha-cha-cha & Quickstep (21)
Cha-cha-cha & Quickstep (21)

Josie & Alec
Foxtrot (16)
Foxtrot (16)

text: Highest and lowest scoring performances[edit]

text: The best and worst performances in each dance according to the judges' marks are as follows:

text:
Dance
Best dancer(s)
Best score
Worst dancer(s)
Worst score

Cha-cha-cha
Jennie Garth
Hélio Castroneves
30
Floyd Mayweather, Jr.
18

Foxtrot
Hélio Castroneves
30
Josie Maran
16

Quickstep
Hélio Castroneves
30
Wayne Newton
15

Mambo
Mel B
30
Mark Cuban
18

Jive
Mel B
Sabrina Bryan
Cameron Mathison
27
Mark Cuban
20

Tango
Jennie Garth
28
Wayne Newton
18

Viennese Waltz
Mel B
30
Mark Cuban
22

Paso doble
Sabrina Bryan
Mel B
30
Marie Osmond
Floyd Mayweather, Jr.
23

Rumba
Mel B
30
Hélio Castroneves
23

Samba
Mel B
29
Mark Cuban
Marie Osmond
21

Freestyle
Hélio Castroneves
29
Marie Osmond
22

text: Weekly scores and songs[edit]

text: Individual judges scores in charts below (given in parentheses) are listed in this order from left to right: Carrie Ann Inaba, Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli.

text: Week 1[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Style
Music

Jennie & Derek
21 (7, 7, 7)
Cha-cha-cha
"Uptown Girl"—Billy Joel

Josie & Alec
16 (6, 5, 5)
Foxtrot
"Walkin' My Baby Back Home"—Nat King Cole

Sabrina & Mark
26 (9, 8, 9)
Cha-cha-cha
"Don't Cha"—Pussycat Dolls

Marie & Jonathan
21 (7, 7, 7)
Foxtrot
"I Hear a Symphony"—The Supremes

Mel & Maksim
24 (8, 8, 8)
Cha-cha-cha
"A Deeper Love"—Aretha Franklin

Jane & Tony
24 (8, 8, 8)
Foxtrot
"Let's Do It, Let's Fall in Love"—Eartha Kitt

text:
Couple
Score
Style
Music

Cameron & Edyta
21 (7, 7, 7)
Foxtrot
"Moondance"—Van Morrison

Floyd & Karina
18 (6, 6, 6)
Cha-cha-cha
"The Way You Move"—OutKast

Hélio & Julianne
25 (8, 9, 8)
Foxtrot
"Bewitched"—Steve Lawrence

Albert & Anna
21 (7, 7, 7)
Cha-cha-cha
"A Little Less Conversation"—Elvis Presley

Mark & Kym
21 (7, 7, 7)
Foxtrot
"King of the Road"—Roger Miller

Wayne & Cheryl
19 (6, 7, 6)
Cha-cha-cha
"You're the First, the Last, My Everything"—Barry White

text: Week 2[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Style
Music

Mel & Maksim
23 (7, 8, 8)
Quickstep
"Take on Me"—A-ha

Mark & Kym
18 (6, 6, 6)
Mambo
"Ride wit Me"—Nelly

Wayne & Cheryl
15 (5, 5, 5)
Quickstep
"Viva Las Vegas"—Elvis Presley

Marie & Jonathan
24 (8, 8, 8)
Mambo
"Mambo (Uno, Dos, Tres)"—Perez Prado

Albert & Anna
21 (7, 7, 7)
Quickstep
"99 Red Balloons"—Nena

Hélio & Julianne
27 (9, 9, 9)
Mambo
"Para Los Rumberos"—Santana

Jennie & Derek
21 (7, 7, 7)
Quickstep
"Suddenly I See"—KT Tunstall

Cameron & Edyta
21 (7, 7, 7)
Mambo
"Mas Que Nada"—Sérgio Mendes and The Black Eyed Peas

Floyd & Karina
21 (7, 7, 7)
Quickstep
"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours"—Stevie Wonder

Jane & Tony
21 (7, 7, 7)
Mambo
"Cuban Pete"—Desi Arnaz

Sabrina & Mark
26 (9, 8, 9)
Quickstep
"They're Red Hot"—Robert Johnson

text: Week 3[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Style
Music

Sabrina & Mark
27 (9, 9, 9)
Jive
"Shake, Rattle, and Roll"—Huey Lewis and the News

Cameron & Edyta
23 (8, 7, 8)
Tango
"The Beat Goes On"—Sonny & Cher

Mark & Kym
20 (6, 7, 7)
Jive
"New Shoes"—Paolo Nutini

Jennie & Derek
26 (9, 8, 9)
Tango
"Cite Tango"—Astor Piazolla

Mel & Maksim
27 (9, 9, 9)
Jive
"Sweet Soul Music"—Sam & Dave

Wayne & Cheryl
18 (6, 6, 6)
Tango
"La Cumparsita"—Danny Malando

Floyd & Karina
21 (7, 7, 7)
Jive
"Mess Around"—Ray Charles

Jane & Tony
27 (9, 9, 9)
Tango
"Perfida"—arranged by John Altman, from Shall We Dance?

Hélio & Julianne
24 (8, 8, 8)
Jive
"Kids in America"—Kim Wilde

Marie & Jonathan
26 (9, 8, 9)
Tango
"Please Mr. Brown"—Alma Cogan

text: Week 4[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Style
Music

Mark & Kym
22 (7, 8, 7)
Viennese Waltz
"Mr. Bojangles"—Robbie Williams

Sabrina & Mark
30 (10, 10, 10)
Paso doble
"You Spin Me Round (Like a Record)"—Dead or Alive

Jane & Tony
26 (8, 9, 9)
Viennese Waltz
"Piano Man"—Billy Joel

Floyd & Karina
23 (7, 8, 8)
Paso doble
"Captain From Castille"—The United States Air Force Band and the Rockies

Mel & Maksim
26 (8, 9, 9)
Viennese Waltz
"Breakaway"—Kelly Clarkson

Cameron & Edyta
27 (9, 9, 9)
Paso doble
"Theme from Superman"—John Williams

Marie & Jonathan
26 (9, 9, 8)
Viennese Waltz
"Can't Help Falling in Love"—Elvis Presley

Jennie & Derek
27 (8, 10, 9)
Paso doble
"Because We Can"—Fatboy Slim

Hélio & Julianne
27 (9, 9, 9)
Viennese Waltz
"Iris"—Goo Goo Dolls

text: Week 5[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Style
Music

Marie & Jonathan
21 (7, 7, 7)
Samba
"Crickets Sing for Anamaria"—Astrud Gilberto

Jane & Tony
26 (8, 9, 9)
Rumba
"Breathe Again"—Toni Braxton

Mark & Kym
21 (7, 7, 7)
Samba
"I Dream of Jeannie"—The Hit Crew

Sabrina & Mark
28 (9, 9, 10)
Rumba
"Me & Mrs. Jones"—Billy Paul

Jennie & Derek
25 (8, 9, 8)
Samba
"Cosmic Girl"—Jamiroquai

Hélio & Julianne
23 (8, 7, 8)
Rumba
"Apologize"—Timbaland featuring OneRepublic

Mel & Maksim
29 (10, 9, 10)
Samba
"Spice Up Your Life"—Spice Girls

Cameron & Edyta
26 (8, 9, 9)
Rumba
"I've Got to See You Again"—Norah Jones

text: Week 6[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Style
Music

Sabrina & Mark
25 (9, 8, 8)
Foxtrot
"I'm a Woman"—Peggy Lee

Jennie & Derek
27 (9, 9, 9)
Mambo
"Mambo Baby"—Ruth Brown

Jane & Tony
22 (8, 7, 7)
Jive
"Modern Love"—David Bowie

Cameron & Edyta
25 (9, 8, 8)
Samba
"Magalenha"—Sérgio Mendes

Mel & Maksim
30 (10, 10, 10)
Rumba
"A Woman's Worth"—Alicia Keys

Marie & Jonathan
23 (8, 8, 7)
Paso doble
"Erythrina Fusca"—Unidad de Musica de la Guardia Real

Hélio & Julianne
28 (9, 10, 9)
Cha-cha-cha
"Get Up Offa That Thing"—James Brown

Jane & Tony
Cameron & Edyta
Sabrina & Mark
Marie & Jonathan
Mel & Maksim
Jennie & Derek
Helio & Julianne
N/A
Group Rock N' Roll
"Rockin' Robin"—Bobby Day

text: Week 7[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Style
Music

Hélio & Julianne
25 (9, 8, 8)
Tango
"The Jean Genie"—David Bowie

27 (9, 9, 9)
Samba
"Candela"—Buena Vista Social Club

Marie & Jonathan
28 (10, 9, 9)
Quickstep
"Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy"—The Andrews Sisters

24 (8, 8, 8)
Cha-cha-cha
"Venus"—Bananarama

Mel & Maksim
24 (8, 8, 8)
Foxtrot
"Jimmy Mack"—Martha and the Vandellas

30 (10, 10, 10)
Paso doble
"Free Your Mind"—En Vogue

Jane & Tony
24 (8, 8, 8)
Quickstep
"I Walk the Line"—Johnny Cash

26 (8, 9, 9)
Cha-cha-cha
"The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)"—Betty Everett

Jennie & Derek
25 (8, 8, 9)
Viennese Waltz
"Runaway"—The Corrs

28 (9, 9, 10)
Rumba
"Fallen"—Lauren Wood

Cameron & Edyta
24 (8, 8, 8)
Quickstep
"Why Can't I Be You?"—The Cure

27 (9, 9, 9)
Jive
"Boy from New York City"—The Manhattan Transfer

text: Week 8[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Style
Music

Jennie & Derek
24 (8, 8, 8)
Jive
"It Takes Two"—Marvin Gaye and Kim Weston

26 (9, 9, 8)
Foxtrot
"I've Got You Under My Skin"—Michael Bublé

Cameron & Edyta
27 (9, 9, 9)
Viennese Waltz
"Hedwig's Theme"—John Williams

24 (8, 8, 8)
Cha-cha-cha
"Brown Sugar"—Rolling Stones

Marie & Jonathan
24 (8, 8, 8)
Rumba
"My Cherie Amour"—Stevie Wonder

25 (8, 9, 8)
Jive
"Whose Bed Have Your Boots Been Under?"—Shania Twain

Hélio & Julianne
27 (9, 9, 9)
Paso doble
"Amparito Roca"—Unidad de Musica de la Guardia Real

30 (10, 10, 10)
Quickstep
"Hey Pachuco"—from The Mask

Mel & Maksim
27 (9, 9, 9)
Tango
"Personal Jesus"—Depeche Mode

29 (9, 10, 10)
Mambo
"Mambo Jambo"—Perez Prado

text: Week 9[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Style
Music

Marie & Jonathan
29 (10, 10, 9)
Quickstep
"Good Morning"—from Singin' in the Rain soundtrack

27 (9, 9, 9)
Mambo
"Guaglione"—Perez Prado

Mel & Maksim
30 (10, 10, 10)
Viennese Waltz
"Somebody to Love"—Queen

30 (10, 10, 10)
Paso doble
"(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction"—The Rolling Stones

Jennie & Derek
28 (9, 10, 9)
Tango
"The Take Over, the Breaks Over"—Fall Out Boy

30 (10, 10, 10)
Cha-cha-cha
"Mustang Sally"—Wilson Pickett

Hélio & Julianne
30 (10, 10, 10)
Foxtrot
"Ain't That a Kick in the Head?"—Dean Martin

30 (10, 10, 10)
Cha-cha-cha
"Love Rollercoaster"—The Ohio Players

text: Week 10[edit]

text:
Couple
Score
Style
Music

Mel & Maksim
28 (9, 9, 10)
Cha-cha-cha
"Car Wash"—Rose Royce

27 (9, 9, 9)
Freestyle
"The Way I Are"—Timbaland featuring Keri Hilson and D.O.E.

30 (10, 10, 10)
Mambo
"Mambo Jambo"—Perez Prado

Marie & Jonathan
24 (8, 8, 8)
Samba
"Chica Chica Boom Chic"—Carmen Miranda

22 (8, 7, 7)
Freestyle
"Start Me Up"—The Rolling Stones

Hélio & Julianne
25 (8, 8, 9)
Jive
"Let's Twist Again"—Chubby Checker

29 (9, 10, 10)
Freestyle
"Land of 1000 Dances"—Wilson Pickett

30 (10, 10, 10)
Quickstep
"Hey Pachuco"—from The Mask

text: Dance chart[edit]

text:
Couple
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Hélio & Julianne
Foxtrot
Mambo
Jive
Viennese Waltz
Rumba
Cha-cha-cha
Rock 'n' Roll
Tango
Samba
Paso doble
Quickstep
Foxtrot
Cha-cha-cha
Jive
Freestyle
Quickstep

Mel B & Maks
Cha-cha-cha
Quickstep
Jive
Viennese Waltz
Samba
Rumba
Rock 'n' Roll
Foxtrot
Paso doble
Tango
Mambo
Viennese Waltz
Paso doble
Cha-cha-cha
Freestyle
Mambo

Marie & Jonathan
Foxtrot
Mambo
Tango
Viennese Waltz
Samba
Paso doble
Rock 'n' Roll
Quickstep
Cha-cha-cha
Rumba
Jive
Quickstep
Mambo
Samba
Freestyle
Tango

Jennie & Derek
Cha-cha-cha
Quickstep
Tango
Paso doble
Samba
Mambo
Rock 'n' Roll
Viennese Waltz
Rumba
Jive
Foxtrot
Tango
Cha-cha-cha

Mambo

Cameron & Edyta
Foxtrot
Mambo
Tango
Paso doble
Rumba
Samba
Rock 'n' Roll
Quickstep
Jive
Viennese Waltz
Cha-cha-cha

Paso doble

Jane & Tony
Foxtrot
Mambo
Tango
Viennese Waltz
Rumba
Jive
Rock 'n' Roll
Quickstep
Cha-cha-cha

Viennese Waltz

Sabrina & Mark
Cha-cha-cha
Quickstep
Jive
Paso doble
Rumba
Foxtrot
Rock 'n' Roll

Cha-cha-cha

Mark & Kym
Foxtrot
Mambo
Jive
Viennese Waltz
Samba

Foxtrot

Floyd & Karina
Cha-cha-cha
Quickstep
Jive
Paso doble

Wayne & Cheryl
Cha-cha-cha
Quickstep
Tango

Albert & Anna
Cha-cha-cha
Quickstep

Cha-cha-cha

Josie & Alec
Foxtrot

Foxtrot

text: Tour[edit]

text: The third tour started in Seattle, Washington on December 18, 2007, and ended in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on February 10, 2008. The pairs performing in the tour were:

text:
Drew Lachey & Cheryl Burke
Mario Lopez & Karina Smirnoff
Joey Lawrence & Edyta Śliwińska
Monique Coleman & Alec Mazo
Joey Fatone & Kym Johnson
Hélio Castroneves & Julianne Hough
Marie Osmond & Jonathan Roberts
Sabrina Bryan & Mark Ballas/Derek Hough
Wayne Newton & Cheryl Burke

tag: ul

text: Musical guests[edit]

text:
Date
Performers
Tracks performed
Dancers

September 26, 2007
Dolly Parton
"9 to 5"
Mark Ballas, Cheryl Burke, Derek Hough, and Julianne Hough

"Better Get To Livin'"

October 2, 2007
Queen Latifah
"California Dreamin"
Tony Dovolani, Anna Trebunskaya

October 9, 2007
Miley Cyrus and Billy Ray Cyrus
"Ready, Set, Don't Go"
Karina Smirnoff, Maksim Chmerkovskiy

October 23, 2007
Jennifer Lopez
"Let's Get Loud"
Karina Smirnoff, Paul Barris, Julianne Hough, Derek Hough, Mark Ballas, Cheryl Burke, Edyta Śliwińska and Alec Mazo

October 30, 2007
Barry Manilow
"Mandy"
Jonathan Roberts and Anna Trebunskaya

November 6, 2007
LeAnn Rimes
"Nothin' Better to Do"
Kym Johnson, Cheryl Burke, Elena Grinenko and Anna Trebunskaya

"How Do I Live"
Julianne Hough, Tony Dovolani

November 11, 2007
Gloria Estefan
"Conga"
Julianne Hough, Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Mark Ballas, and Kym Johnson

"Higher"
Gloria Estefan's dancers

November 20, 2007
Avril Lavigne
"Complicated"
Sabrina Bryan and Mark Ballas

November 27, 2007
Céline Dion
"My Heart Will Go On"
Karina Smirnoff, Tony Dovolani, Cheryl Burke, Mark Ballas, Edyta Śliwińska and Alec Mazo

"Taking Chances"


document_title: I Think It's Going to Rain Today

question_text: who wrote i think its going to rain today

text: I Think It's Going to Rain Today

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: "I Think It's Going to Rain Today" (or "I Think It's Gonna Rain Today") is a song by Randy Newman. It appears on his 1968 debut album Randy Newman, in The Randy Newman Songbook Vol. 1 (2003), and in Newman's official and bootleg live albums. It is one of his most covered songs.

text: Despite the many covers, it charted only twice, once in Canada in 1970 for Tom Northcott and in the UK in 1980 for UB40.[citation needed] The UB40 single was a double A-side with "My Way of Thinking", which was the first-named track and received most of the radio airplay. However, the German single (which appeared later) had "I Think It's Going to Rain Today" as the A-side.

text: Newman said in 2017 that he signed away the publishing rights on his first album, doesn't see any money from people doing covers of those songs and advised people getting into the business to never sign away their publishing.[1]

text: The song was covered numerous times by a variety of artists, especially during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Cover versions unclude Dusty Springfield for her 1968 UK album Dusty... Definitely (Philips), Claudine Longet for her 1968 US album Colours (A&M), and Judy Collins for her 1966 US album In My Life.


document_title: 2018 World's Strongest Man

question_text: who won the 2018 world's strongest man competition

question_tokens: who won the 2018 world 's strongest man competition

text: 2018 World's Strongest Man

text:
2018 World's Strongest Man
Host city
 Manila, PhilippinesWinner
 Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson[1]Athletes participating
29
← Gaborone 2017

text: The 2018 World's Strongest Man was the 41st edition of the World's Strongest Man competition. It was held in Manila, Philippines from April 28 to May 6, 2018. The qualifying phase lasted until May 1 while the finals took place on May 5th and 6th.[2]

text: Various World's Strongest Man events were hosted within and outside Metro Manila. Among the venues were the Quirino Grandstand in Rizal Park; Intramuros, Manila; Bonifacio Global City in Taguig; and the University of the Philippines campus in Diliman, Quezon City. Events outside Metro Manila were hosted in Bataan, Corregidor Island, Coron Island, Davao City, and Tagaytay[2]

text: Eddie Hall was the defending World's Strongest Man having won the 2017 edition but did not defend his title.[3] The tournament was won by Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson of Iceland[4], with Mateusz Kieliszkowski of Poland second and Brian Shaw of the United States third. Four time winner Žydrūnas Savickas finished tenth after withdrawing in event four due to an injury.

text: Final standings[edit]

text:
#

Name

Nationality

Pts

1

Hafþór Júlíus Björnsson

51.5

2

Mateusz Kieliszkowski

45

3

Brian Shaw

44

4

Martins Licis

38.5

5

Jean-François Caron

35

6

Johan Els

30

7

Matjaz Belsak

30

8

Konstantine Janashia

22

9

Robert Oberst

19.5

10

Zydrunas Savickas

9


document_title: Munich air disaster

question_text: who did manchester united play before the munich air disaster

text: Munich air disaster

text: Background[edit]

text: In April 1955, UEFA established the European Cup, a football competition for the champion clubs of UEFA-affiliated nations, to begin in the 1955–56 season.[2] However, the English league winners, Chelsea, were denied entry by the Football League's secretary, Alan Hardaker, who believed not participating was best for English football.[3] The following season, the English league was won by Manchester United, managed by Matt Busby. The Football League again denied their champions entry, but Busby and his chairman, Harold Hardman, with the help of the Football Association's chairman Stanley Rous, defied the league and United became the first English team to play in Europe.[4]

text: The team – known as the "Busby Babes" for their youth – reached the semi-finals, beaten there by the eventual winners, Real Madrid. Winning the First Division title again that season meant qualification for the 1957–58 tournament, and their cup run in 1956–57 meant they were one of the favourites to win. Domestic league matches were on Saturdays and European matches midweek, so, although air travel was risky, it was the only choice if United were to fulfil their league fixtures,[5] which they would have to do if they were to avoid proving Alan Hardaker right.[4]

text: After overcoming Shamrock Rovers and Dukla Prague in the preliminary and first round respectively, United were drawn with Red Star Belgrade of Yugoslavia for the quarter-finals. After beating them 2–1 at Old Trafford on 14 January 1958, the club was to travel to Yugoslavia for the return leg on 5 February. On the way back from Prague in the previous round, fog over England prevented the team from flying back to Manchester, so they flew to Amsterdam before taking the ferry from the Hook of Holland to Harwich and then the train to Manchester. The trip took its toll on the players and they drew 3–3 with Birmingham City at St Andrew's three days later.[6]

text: Eager not to miss Football League fixtures, and not to have a difficult trip again, the club chartered a British European Airways plane from Manchester to Belgrade for the away leg against Red Star.[7] The match was drawn 3–3 but it was enough to send United to the semi-finals.[8] The takeoff from Belgrade was delayed for an hour after outside right Johnny Berry lost his passport,[9] and the plane landed in Munich for refuelling at 13:15 GMT.[10][11]

text: Aircraft and crew[edit]

text: The aircraft was a six-year-old Airspeed Ambassador 2, built in 1952 and delivered to BEA the same year.[12]

text: The pilot, Captain James Thain, was a former RAF flight lieutenant. Originally a sergeant (later a warrant officer), he was given an emergency commission in the RAF as an acting pilot officer on probation in April 1944,[13] and promoted to pilot officer on probation in September that year.[14] He was promoted to flight lieutenant in May 1948,[15] and received a permanent commission in the same rank in 1952.[16] He retired from the RAF to join BEA.

text: The co-pilot, Captain Kenneth Rayment, was also a former RAF flight lieutenant and a Second World War flying ace. After joining the RAF in 1940, he was promoted to sergeant in September 1941.[17] He was commissioned as a war substantive pilot officer a year later,[18] and promoted to war substantive flying officer in May 1943.[19] He shot down five German fighters, one Italian plane and a V-1 flying bomb. He was awarded the DFC in July 1943,[20] and promoted to flight lieutenant in September 1943.[21] After leaving the RAF in 1945, he joined BOAC in Cairo, before joining BEA in 1947. He had had experience with Vikings, Dakotas and the Ambassador "Elizabethan" class.[22]

text: Crash[edit]

text: Thain had flown the "Elizabethan"-class Airspeed Ambassador (registration G-ALZU) to Belgrade but handed the controls to Rayment for the return.[23] At 14:19 GMT, the control tower at Munich was told the plane was ready to take off and gave clearance for take-off, expiring at 14:31.[24] Rayment abandoned the take-off after Thain noticed the port boost pressure gauge fluctuating as the plane reached full power and the engine sounded odd while accelerating.[25] A second attempt was made three minutes later, but called off 40 seconds into the attempt[26] because the engines were running on an over-rich mixture, causing them to over-accelerate, a common problem for the "Elizabethan".[25] After the second failure, passengers retreated to the airport lounge.[27] By then, it had started to snow heavily, and it looked unlikely that the plane would be making the return journey that day. Manchester United's Duncan Edwards sent a telegram to his landlady in Manchester. It read: "All flights cancelled, flying tomorrow. Duncan."[28]

text: Thain told the station engineer, Bill Black, about the problem with the boost surging in the port engine, and Black suggested that since opening the throttle more slowly had not worked, the only option was to hold the plane overnight for retuning. Thain was anxious to stay on schedule and suggested opening the throttle even more slowly would suffice. This would mean that the plane would not achieve take-off velocity until further down the runway, but with the runway almost 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long, he believed this would not be a problem. The passengers were called back to the plane 15 minutes after leaving it.[29]

text: A few of the players were not confident fliers, particularly Liam Whelan, who said, "This may be death, but I'm ready". Others, including Duncan Edwards, Tommy Taylor, Mark Jones, Eddie Colman and Frank Swift, moved to the back of the plane, believing it safer.[11] Once everyone was on board, Thain and Rayment got the plane moving again at 14:56.[30] At 14:59, they reached the runway holding point, where they received clearance to line up ready for take-off.[31] On the runway, they made final cockpit checks and at 15:02, they were told their take-off clearance would expire at 15:04.[32] The pilots agreed to attempt take-off, but that they would watch the instruments for surging in the engines. At 15:03, they told the control tower of their decision.[32]

text: Rayment moved the throttle forward slowly and released the brakes; the plane began to accelerate, and radio officer Bill Rodgers radioed the control tower with the message "Zulu Uniform rolling".[33] The plane threw up slush as it gathered speed, and Thain called out the plane's velocity in 10-knot increments.[33] At 85 knots, the port engine began to surge again, and he pulled back marginally on the port throttle before pushing it forward again.[33] Once the plane reached 117 knots (217 km/h), he announced "V1", at which it was no longer safe to abort take-off, and Rayment listened for the call of "V2" (119 knots (220 km/h)), the minimum required to get off the ground.[34] Thain expected the speed to rise, but it fluctuated around 117 knots before suddenly dropping to 112 knots (207 km/h), and then 105 knots (194 km/h).[35] Rayment shouted "Christ, we won't make it!",[35] as Thain looked up to see what lay ahead.[36]

text: The plane skidded off the end of the runway, crashed into the fence surrounding the airport and across a road before its port wing was torn off as it caught a house, home to a family of six.[37] The father and eldest daughter were away and the mother and the other three children escaped as the house caught fire.[38] Part of the plane's tail was torn off before the left side of the cockpit hit a tree.[38] The right side of the fuselage hit a wooden hut, inside which was a truck filled with tyres and fuel, which exploded.[39] Twenty passengers died on board, and three died later in hospital.

text: On seeing flames around the cockpit, Thain feared that the aircraft would explode and told his crew to evacuate the area. The stewardesses, Rosemary Cheverton and Margaret Bellis, were the first to leave through a blown-out emergency window in the galley, followed by radio officer Bill Rodgers.[40] Rayment was trapped in his seat by the crumpled fuselage and told Thain to go without him. Thain clambered out of the galley window.[40] On reaching the ground, he saw flames growing under the starboard wing, which held 500 imperial gallons (2,300 L) of fuel. He shouted to his crew to get away and climbed back into the aircraft to retrieve two handheld fire extinguishers, stopping to tell Rayment he would be back when the fires had been dealt with.[40]

text: Meanwhile, in the cabin, goalkeeper Harry Gregg was regaining consciousness, thinking that he was dead.[41] He felt blood on his face and "didn't dare put [his] hand up. [He] thought the top of [his] head had been taken off, like a hard boiled egg."[42] Just above him, light shone into the cabin, so Gregg kicked the hole wide enough for him to escape. He also managed to save some passengers.

text: Fatalities[edit]

text: Crew members[edit]

text:
Captain Kenneth "Ken" Rayment. Co-pilot. Survived but suffered multiple injuries and died in hospital three weeks later as a result of brain damage.
Tom Cable, cabin steward

text: Passengers[edit]

text:
Geoff Bent
Roger Byrne
Eddie Colman
Duncan Edwards (survived the crash, but died in hospital 15 days later)
Mark Jones
David Pegg
Tommy Taylor
Liam "Billy" Whelan

text:
Walter Crickmer, club secretary
Tom Curry, trainer
Bert Whalley, chief coach

text:
Alf Clarke, Manchester Evening Chronicle
Donny Davies, Manchester Guardian
George Follows, Daily Herald
Tom Jackson, Manchester Evening News
Archie Ledbrooke, Daily Mirror
Henry Rose, Daily Express
Frank Swift, News of the World (also former England and Manchester City goalkeeper; died on his way to hospital)
Eric Thompson, Daily Mail

text:
Bela Miklos, travel agent
Willie Satinoff, supporter, racecourse owner and close friend of Matt Busby

text: Survivors[edit]

text: Crew[edit]

text:
Margaret Bellis, stewardess (died 1998)[43]
Rosemary Cheverton, stewardess
George William "Bill" Rodgers, radio officer (died 1997)[44]
Captain James Thain, pilot (died 1975)[45]

text: Passengers[edit]

text:
Johnny Berry (never played again, died 1994)[46]
Jackie Blanchflower (never played again, died 1998)[47]
Bobby Charlton
Bill Foulkes (died 2013)[48]
Harry Gregg
Kenny Morgans (died 2012)[49]
Albert Scanlon (died 2009)[50]
Dennis Viollet (died 1999)[51]
Ray Wood (died 2002)[52]

text: Matt Busby, manager (died 1994)[53]

text:
Ted Ellyard, Daily Mail telegraphist (died 1964)[citation needed]
Peter Howard, Daily Mail photographer (died 1996)[54]
Frank Taylor, News Chronicle reporter (died 2002)[55]

text:
Vera Lukić, the wife of a Yugoslavian diplomat, and her baby daughter, Vesna. Both passengers were saved by Harry Gregg. At the time, Vera Lukić was pregnant with her son Zoran.[56]
Eleanor Miklos, wife of Bela Miklos
Nebojša Bato Tomašević, Yugoslavian diplomat (died 2017)[57]

text: Investigation[edit]

text: Although the crash was originally blamed on pilot error, it was subsequently found to have been caused by slush towards the end of the runway, causing deceleration of the aircraft and preventing safe flying speed.[58] During take-off, the aircraft had reached 117 knots (217 km/h), but, on entering the slush, dropped to 105 knots (194 km/h), too slow to leave the ground, with not enough runway to abort the take-off. Aircraft with tail-wheel undercarriages had not been greatly affected by slush, due to the geometry of these undercarriages in relation to the aircraft's centre of gravity,[notes 1] but newer types, such as the Ambassador, with nose wheel landing-gear and the main wheels behind the centre of gravity, were found to be vulnerable. The accident resulted in the imposition of operating limits for the amount of slush build-up permitted on runways.[citation needed]

text: Despite this conclusion, the German airport authorities took legal action against Captain Thain, as the one pilot who had survived the crash. They claimed he had taken off without clearing the wings of ice, which caused the crash, despite several witnesses stating that no ice had been seen.[59] De-icing the aircraft was the captain's responsibility, while the state of the airport's runways was the responsibility of the airport authorities, among whom there was widespread ignorance of the danger of slush on runways for aircraft such as the Ambassador.

text: The basis of the German authorities' case relied on the icy condition of the wings hours after the crash and a photograph of the aircraft (published in several newspapers) taken shortly before take-off, that appeared to show snow on the upper wing surfaces. When the original negative was examined, however, no snow or ice could be seen, the "snow" in the original having been due to the sun reflecting off the wings, which was clarified when examining the negative rather than the published pictures which had been produced from a copy negative.[59] The witnesses were not called to the German inquiry and proceedings against Thain dragged on until 1968, when he was finally cleared of any responsibility for the crash. As the official cause, British authorities recorded a build-up of melting snow on the runway which prevented the "Elizabethan" from reaching the required take-off speed. Thain, having been dismissed by BEA shortly after the accident and never re-engaged, retired and returned to run his poultry farm in Berkshire. He died of a heart attack at the age of 53 in August 1975.[60]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: 20 people, including seven of Manchester United's players, died at the scene of the crash. The 21st victim, Frank Swift, the journalist and former Manchester City goalkeeper, died on his way to hospital. Duncan Edwards died from his injuries on 21 February at the Rechts der Isar Hospital in Munich, and the final death toll reached 23 several days later when co-pilot Ken Rayment died as a result of serious head injuries.[28] Johnny Berry and Jackie Blanchflower were both injured so severely that they never played again.[61] Matt Busby was seriously injured and had to stay in hospital for more than two months after the crash, and was read his Last Rites twice.[62] After being discharged from hospital, he went to Switzerland to recuperate in Interlaken. At times, he felt like giving up football entirely, until he was told by his wife, Jean, "You know Matt, the lads would have wanted you to carry on."[63] That statement lifted Busby from his depression, and he returned by land to Manchester, before watching his team play in the 1958 FA Cup Final.[63]

text: Meanwhile, there was speculation that the club would fold, but a threadbare United team completed the 1957–58 season, with Busby's assistant Jimmy Murphy standing in as manager; he had not travelled to Belgrade as he was in Cardiff managing the Welsh national team at the time. A team largely made up of reserve and youth team players beat Sheffield Wednesday 3–0 in the first match after the disaster. The programme for that match showed simply a blank space where each United player's name should have been. With seven players dead (Duncan Edwards died just over 24 hours later), and with only Harry Gregg and Bill Foulkes fit to play out of the surviving players, United were desperate to find replacements with experience, so Murphy signed Ernie Taylor from Blackpool[64] and Stan Crowther from Aston Villa.[65] Three players, Derek Lewin, Bob Hardisty and Warren Bradley, were transferred to United on short-term contracts by non-League club Bishop Auckland. Bradley was the only one of the three players to play for the first team, and the only one to sign a permanent contract. The remaining places in the team were filled by reserve players including Shay Brennan and Mark Pearson.[66]

text: There were changes in the backroom staff at the club too, following the deaths of secretary Walter Crickmer and coaches Tom Curry and Bert Whalley.[67] United goalkeeper Les Olive, still registered as a player at the time of the disaster, retired from playing and took over from Crickmer as club secretary,[67] while another former United goalkeeper, Jack Crompton, took over coaching duties after United chairman Harold Hardman had negotiated with Crompton's then-employers Luton Town for his release.[67]

text: United only won one league game after the crash, causing their title challenge to collapse and they fell to ninth place in the league.[68] They did manage to reach the final of the FA Cup, however, losing 2–0 to Bolton Wanderers,[68] and even managed to beat Milan at Old Trafford in the semi-finals of the European Cup, only to lose 4–0 at the San Siro.[68] Real Madrid, who went on to win the trophy for the third year running, suggested that Manchester United be awarded the trophy for that year – a suggestion supported by Red Star Belgrade – but this failed to materialise.[69]

text: Busby resumed managerial duties the next season (1958–59), and eventually built a second generation of Busby Babes, including George Best and Denis Law, that ten years later won the European Cup, beating Benfica. Bobby Charlton and Bill Foulkes were the only two crash survivors who lined up in that team.[70]

text: A fund for dependents of victims of the crash was established in March, and chaired by the Chairman of the FA, Arthur Drewry.[71] The fund had raised £52,000 (equivalent to £1.11 million as of 2016) by the time of its disbursement in October 1958.[72][73]

text: Memorials[edit]

text: Old Trafford[edit]

text: The first memorials at Old Trafford to the lost players and staff were unveiled on 25 February 1960. The first, a plaque in the shape of the stadium with the image of a green pitch, inscribed with the names of the victims in black and gold glass, was placed above the entrance to the directors' box. Above the plaque was a teak carving of a player and a supporter, heads bowed either side of a wreath and a football inscribed with the date "1958". The plaque was designed by Manchester architect J. Vipond and constructed by Messrs Jaconello (Manchester) Ltd. at a cost of £2,100,[74] and unveiled by Matt Busby.[75]

text: Also unveiled that day was a memorial to the members of the press who died at Munich, which consisted of a bronze plaque that named the eight lost journalists. It was unveiled by Munich survivor Frank Taylor on behalf of the Football Writers' Association. The original plaque was stolen in the 1980s and replaced by a replica now located behind the counter in the press entrance.[74] The final memorial was the Munich clock, a simple two-faced clock paid for by the Ground Committee and attached to the south-east corner of the stadium, with the date "6 Feb 1958" at the top of both faces and "Munich" at the bottom. The clock has remained in the same position since it was first installed.[74] The clock was unveiled on 25 February 1960 by Dan Marsden, the chairman of the Ground Committee.[75]

text: When the stadium was renovated in the mid-1970s, the plaque had to be moved from the directors' entrance to allow the necessary changes. However, the plaque could not be removed without damaging it, so the old memorial was walled up within the Main Stand and a new memorial was made, simpler than the original, now consisting simply of a slate pitch with the names inscribed upon it, and installed in 1976.[74]

text: A third version of the memorial, more like the original than the second in that it included the stands around the slate pitch and the figures above it, was installed in 1996, coinciding with the erection of the statue of Matt Busby, who had unveiled the original memorial.[74] This third version was constructed by stonemasons Mather and Ellis from Trafford Park, and the second was put into storage. It is currently awaiting new display panels before being placed into the club museum's Munich display.[74] The third plaque and the statue of Busby were originally located on the north side of the East Stand, but the statue was moved to the front of the East Stand and the plaque to the south side of the stand after the stand's expansion in 2000.[74]

text: Munich[edit]

text: There are also two memorials in Germany. First, in the Munich suburb of Trudering, on the corner of Karotschstraße and Emplstraße, there is a small wooden memorial depicting Jesus on the Cross, decorated by a stone trough filled with flowers. The trough bears a plaque with the inscription: "Im Gedenken an die Opfer der Flugzeugkatastrophe am 6.2.1958 unter denen sich auch ein Teil der Fußballmannschaft von Manchester United befand, sowie allen Verkehrstoten der Gemeinde Trudering" (In memory of the victims of the air disaster of 6 February 1958 including members of the football team of Manchester United as well as all the traffic victims from the municipality of Trudering).[76]

text: On 22 September 2004, a dark blue granite plaque set in a sandstone border was unveiled in the vicinity of the old Munich Airport on the corner of Rappenweg and Emplstraße, just metres from the wooden memorial.[77] With a design in the shape of a football pitch, it reads, in both English and German, "In memory of all those who lost their lives here in the Munich air disaster on 6 February 1958".[78] Underneath is a plaque expressing United's gratitude to the municipality of Munich and its people. The new memorial was funded by Manchester United themselves and the unveiling was attended by club officials, including chief executive David Gill, manager Alex Ferguson and director Bobby Charlton, a survivor of the disaster himself.[77] On 24 April 2008, the Munich city council decided to name the site where the memorial stone is placed "Manchesterplatz" (Manchester Square).[79]

text: On the 57th anniversary of the crash, 6 February 2015, Sir Bobby Charlton and FC Bayern Munich chairman Karl-Heinz Rummenigge opened a new museum exhibit commemorating the disaster at the German club's stadium, the Allianz Arena.[80]

text: Belgrade[edit]

text: There is a small display of artefacts in the Majestic Hotel, where the team stayed after the match. These include a menu card signed by 14 of the players, including the eight who were killed, a photograph taken at the meal and a match ticket. The menu card was acquired by the then British ambassador to Yugoslavia and was auctioned by his son in 2006.[81]

text: 40th anniversary[edit]

text: In late 1997, John Doherty (a former United player who had left the club shortly before the disaster)[82] approached club chairman Martin Edwards on behalf of the Manchester United Former Players' Association to request a testimonial for those victims of the Munich disaster – both the survivors and the dependants of the ones who were lost.[83] Edwards was hesitant, but a benefit match was eventually sanctioned for a date as close to the 40th anniversary of the disaster as possible. Red Star Belgrade and Bayern Munich were touted as possible opponents for the match, and fans purchased tickets without the opponents even having been decided.[84]

text: However, in the midst of the preparations, former United player Eric Cantona, who had retired from football to pursue a career in film in the summer of 1997, expressed an interest in returning to Manchester United for a farewell match. Edwards took the opportunity to combine the two events into one.[85] Due to Cantona's acting career, his schedule meant that he would not be available in February and the match was moved to 18 August, with the opposition to be a European XI chosen by Cantona himself. Martin Edwards was criticised for turning the match into a publicity stunt, while Elizabeth Wood, the divorced wife of Munich survivor Ray Wood, compared the treatment of the Munich victims to that of "dancing bears at the circus". Nevertheless, the match earned £47,000 for each of the victims' families, while Eric Cantona recouped over £90,000 in expenses directly from the testimonial fund, rather than from the club.[86] The club has also received criticism from some quarters for its poor treatment of the survivors: Johnny Berry was forced to leave the flat he rented from the club to make way for a new player.[87]

text: On 7 February 1998, United played Bolton Wanderers at Old Trafford in the Premier League a day after the 40th anniversary of the disaster. The match kicked off at 3:15 pm to allow a minute's silence to be observed at 3:04 pm. Representatives from both teams laid floral tributes to those who lost their lives, with crash survivor and United director Bobby Charlton joined by Bolton president Nat Lofthouse in leading out the two teams.[88]

text: 50th anniversary[edit]

text: A memorial service was held at Old Trafford on 6 February 2008. At the conclusion of the service, the surviving members of the 1958 team were the guests of honour at a ceremony to rename the tunnel under the stadium's South Stand as the "Munich Tunnel", which features an exhibition about the Busby Babes.[89]

text: On 6 February 2008, the England national football team took on Switzerland at Wembley Stadium. Before the game, pictures of the players who lost their lives at Munich were displayed on big screens, and England players wore black armbands. There was also a tribute to the Busby Babes in the match programme.[90] Originally, a minute's silence was not to have been observed on the day, due to the Football Association's fears that the silence would not be respected by fans of Manchester United's rivals.[91] However, they agreed that a minute's silence should be held. In the event, it was generally well-observed, but a small number of supporters made whistles and cat-calls and the referee cut the silence short after less than 30 seconds.[92] Minute silences were also observed at the Northern Ireland, Wales and the Republic of Ireland games.[89][93]

text: On 10 February 2008, at the derby match between Manchester United and Manchester City at Old Trafford, both teams were led onto the pitch by a lone piper playing "The Red Flag", and the managers – Alex Ferguson and Sven-Göran Eriksson – each laid a wreath in the centre circle. This was followed by a minute silence, which, despite previous concerns, was respected by all the fans.[94] Kevin Parker, secretary of Manchester City's supporters club, had originally suggested a minute's applause instead of a minute's silence, so as to drown out anyone who would disrupt the silence,[95] but this was rejected by the Manchester United management as inappropriate.[96] United played in strips reminiscent of those worn by the 1958 team, numbered 1–11 with no advertising on the front or players' names on the back, while City removed sponsors' logos from their kit and the image of a small black ribbon was heat pressed onto the right shoulder;[97] both teams wore black armbands in tribute to the victims of the Munich disaster. Manchester City won 2–1 thanks to first half goals from Darius Vassell and debutant Benjani.[98] Fans in attendance were given commemorative scarves – in red and white for the United fans, and blue and white for the City fans – which were held up during the silence.[99]

text: Tributes[edit]

text: Music[edit]

text: Several musical tributes to the Munich air disaster have been recorded, the earliest being the song "The Flowers of Manchester". Written by an anonymous author, later revealed to be Eric Winter, the editor of the magazine Sing,[100] the song was recorded and released by Liverpool folk band The Spinners on their 1962 debut album "Quayside Songs Old and New".[101] Manchester-born singer Morrissey also released a song called "Munich Air Disaster, 1958" as a B-side to "Irish Blood, English Heart" in 2004.[102] It later appeared on his live album, Live at Earls Court, in 2005[103] and his 2009 B-sides compilation, Swords.

text: Most recently, the English band The Futureheads named their album News and Tributes in honour of the disaster. The title track pays tribute to those who lost their lives,[104] and includes the verse:

text: Film[edit]

text: Barry Navidi, producer of the 2004 film The Merchant of Venice, was reported to be working on a script for a Hollywood film about the Munich air crash. The Manchester Evening News reported on 22 April 2005 that the survivors had not been consulted and were concerned about how accurate the film would be.[105]

text: Bill Foulkes said that, if done right, the film could become a "tribute to the Busby Babes which could be seen for generations to come." However, he expressed concerns about the accuracy of the film, given the filmmakers' lack of first-hand sources about what actually happened in Munich.[105] Fellow survivor Harry Gregg was more concerned about the portrayal of the players, particularly those who died, and whether their families' feelings would be respected.[105]

text: John Doherty, a player who had left United only a few months earlier, was less restrained, saying that "the only reason anyone would want to make a film like this is to make money" and that "while there may be a slight hint of truth in the film, it will be mainly untruths... Unless you were there, how could you know what conversations took place?".[105]

text: Television[edit]

text: On 10 January 2006, the BBC showed a drama/documentary retelling the story in the series Surviving Disaster. However, the programme was met with criticism from former United winger Albert Scanlon, who claimed that it was full of inaccuracies despite the production having consulted him about the content of the documentary. Errors in the programme included the depiction of Jimmy Murphy giving a pre-match team talk in Belgrade, despite him being in Cardiff at the time, and the plane being shown as only half full when nearly every seat was occupied.[106]

text: On 6 February 2008, the 50th anniversary of the crash, several television channels showed programmes about it:

text:
UKTV History aired the BBC co-produced drama documentary Surviving Disaster to mark the 50th anniversary of the tragedy.[107]
MUTV aired a segmented documentary called Munich Remembered, aired throughout the day with memories of players, staff and supporters.[108]
The BBC showed as part of its One Life series a documentary following United goalkeeper Harry Gregg retracing his route from England to Belgrade to Munich. He met and talked with some of the first rescuers who had arrived on the scene. He also met Vera Lukić, the pregnant mother whom he had rescued and Zoran, the son she bore two months later.[56]

text: Since the anniversary, two television programmes have been made about the disaster:

text:
A 2011 made-for-television film United, written by Chris Chibnall and directed by James Strong for the BBC, tells the story of the crash and the subsequent rebuilding of Manchester United as a footballing force. The story was seen largely through the eyes of coach Jimmy Murphy, who became de facto manager of the team while Busby recovered from the crash. The role of Murphy was played by David Tennant. The film gained generally good reviews, especially for its evocation of the period and for Tennant's acting,[109][110] and was nominated at the Prix Europa 2011 Awards as "Best European TV Production".[111] It was, however, criticised by Sandy Busby, the son of Matt Busby, who said he thought the film was "very poorly done", and was very critical of the film's portrayal of his father.[112]
The Canadian TV series Mayday covered the crash in one of its episodes, which was first broadcast in December 2011.[59] The episode covers the background of the flight, then investigates what caused the fatal crash.[citation needed]

text: Other[edit]

text: The University of Salford honoured Munich victim Eddie Colman by naming one of its halls of residence for him.[113] Colman was born in Salford in 1936. There is also a network of small roads in Newton Heath named after the players who lost their lives in Munich, including Roger Byrne Close, David Pegg Walk, Geoff Bent Walk, Eddie Colman Close, Billy Whelan Walk, Tommy Taylor Close and Mark Jones Walk. Among those roads is an old people's home named after Duncan Edwards.[114] Edwards was also honoured with street names in his home town of Dudley; there is a small close off Stourbridge Road named Duncan Edwards Close,.[115] and in 2008, the Dudley Southern Bypass was renamed Duncan Edwards Way.[116][117] The road bridge over the Luas tram line at Fassaugh Road, Cabra, Dublin 7 is named after Liam Whelan.