document_title: Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo

question_text: what indian tribe lived in san carlos borromeo de carmelo

text: Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo

text: History[edit]

text: Mission Carmel was the second mission built by Franciscan missionaries in Upper California. It was first established as Mission San Carlos Borromeo in Monterey, California near the native village of Tamo on June 3, 1770. It was named for Carlo Borromeo, Archbishop of Milan, Italy, and was the site of the first Christian confirmation in Alta California.[5]  When the mission moved, the original building continued to operate as the Royal Presidio chapel and later became the current Cathedral of San Carlos Borromeo.

text: Relocation to Carmel[edit]

text: Pedro Fages, who served as military governor of Alta California from 1770 to 1774, kept his headquarters in the polity's capitol, at the Presidio of Monterey. Fages worked his men very harshly and was seen as a tyrant. Serra intervened on behalf of Fages' soldiers, and the two men did not get along.[16][17] Fages regarded the Spanish installations in California as military institutions first, and religious outposts second. The soldiers raped the Indian woman and kept them as concubines.[16] Serra wanted to put some distance between the missions neophytes and Fages' soldiers.

text: Serra found that the land near the mouth of the Carmel River (named Río del Carmelo by Vizcaíno in 1603[18]) was better suited for farming.[19] In May 1771, Spain's viceroy approved Serra's petition to relocate the mission. The mission was established in the new location on August 1, 1771; the first mass was celebrated on August 24, and Serra officially took up residence in the newly constructed buildings on December 24.[20]

text: The name of the relocated mission was extended to Mission San Carlos Borromeo del Río Carmelo. It was within a short distance of the Rumsen Ohlone villages of Tucutnut and Achasta. The latter village may have been founded after Mission San Carlos was relocated to Carmel. The mission was about 10 miles (16 km) from the nearest Esselen territory, Excelen.[21]

text: Indian baptisms[edit]

text: After the Carmel mission was moved to Carmel Valley, the Franciscans began to baptize some natives.[22] By the end of 1771, the population of mission was 15 with an additional 22 baptized Indians, out of a total population of northern California of 60.[19]

text: Farming was not very productive and for several years the mission was dependent upon the arrival of supply ships.[19] Historian Jame Culleton wrote in 1950, "The summer of '73 came without bringing the supply ship. Neither Carmel nor Monterey was anything like self-supporting."[19]

text: To improve baptismal rates, they sought to convert key members of the Esselen and Rumsen tribes, including chiefs. On May 9, 1775, Junípero Serra baptized what appears to be the first Esselen, Pach-hepas, who was the 40-year-old chief of the Excelen. His baptism took place at Xasáuan, 10 leagues (about  26 miles (42 km)) southeast of the mission, in an area now named Cachagua, a close approximation of the Esselen name.[21] This persuaded some Indians to follow them to the mission.[citation needed]

text: Forced labor[edit]

text: The Esselen and Ohlone Indians who lived near the mission were baptized and then forcibly relocated and conscripted as forced laborers. Neophytes were taught to be farmers, shepherds, cowboys, blacksmiths, carpenters, bricklayers, furniture makers, tanners, weavers and candle makers. Disease, starvation, overwork, and torture decimated these tribes.[23][24]:114 In 1794, the population reached its peak of 927, but by 1823 the total had dwindled to 381.[citation needed] There was extensive "comingling of the Costanoan with peoples of different linguistic and cultural background during the mission period."[22]

text: Crops and livestock[edit]

text: In the beginning, the mission relied on bear meat from Mission San Antonio de Padua and supplies brought by ship from Mission San Diego de Alcalá.[19]

text: In 1779, the natives Americans at Carmel Mission harvested 1660 bushels of wheat, 700 bushels of barley, 165 bushels of beans, and 85 bushels of maize. Four years later, the native laborers produced enough crops to support 700 people. The mission had more than 500 cattle and sheep.[23]

text: Carmel mission continued to grow during most of the 18th century. The largest population was neophytes was 876 in 1795. By 1800, agriculture production at Carmel Mission was near its peak. The Mission reported to Mexico that it had 2180 horses and cattle, and 4160 smaller livestock including sheep. The total grain harvested was about 3700 bushels per year with a high of 7400 in 1797.[23]

text: In December 1832, the mission reported to Mexico that it had 2,100 cattle, 3,300 sheep, 410 horses, and 8 mules.[25]

text: Serra's headquarters[edit]

text: "Mission Carmel", as it came to be known, was Serra's favorite[26] and, because it was close to Monterey, the capital of Alta California, he chose it as his headquarters. When he died on August 28, 1784, he was interred beneath the chapel floor. After Serra's death, Father Fermin Lasuén replaced the adobe structure with one made of stone quarried from the nearby Santa Lucia Mountains.[27]

text: Secularized and abandoned[edit]

text: Eight months later, in August 1833, the newly independent Mexican government secularized the mission and all its lands. It stipulated that half the mission lands should be awarded to the native people, but this purpose was never accomplished. Most mission property was bought by government officials or their wealthy friends.[23] The priests could not maintain the missions without the Indians' forced labor and the mission and lands were soon abandoned. The Indians were forced from the mission. Some attempted to return to their native ways, and others found work as ranch hands or servants on farms and ranches.[27]

text: By 1850, the mission was nearly a ruin. The stone chapel building was deteriorating while most of the adobe buildings were eroding away. The roof collapsed in 1852. The U.S. federal government returned the mission and its lands to the Catholic Church in 1859.[25]

text: Restoration[edit]

text: When Mexico ceded California to the United States following the Mexican–American War, the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo provided that the land grants would be honored, but required that the owners provide legal proof of their title. As required by the Land Act of 1851, Archbishop Joseph Sadoc Alemany filed a claim on February 19, 1853 on behalf of the Roman Catholic Church. He sought return of all former mission lands in the State. The state agreed to return the original mission buildings, cemeteries, and gardens to the church.[28]:31-32

text: When the Roman Catholic Church gained full control of the buildings on October 19, 1859, the mission was in ruins.[27] In 1884 Father Angel Casanova was able to gather enough private funds to replace the roof on the chapel sufficient to preserve it until the 1930s. In 1931 Monsignor Philip Scher hired master cabinet maker Henry John ("Harry") Downie who had a excellent reputation for restoring Spanish antiques. Scher initially asked Downie to restore some statues at the Carmel Mission but his job quickly expanded and he was put in charge of restoring the entire mission.[29][25] Two years later, the church transferred the mission from the Franciscans to the local diocese and it became a regular parish church. Downie lived nearby in Carmel and worked almost daily for almost 50 years to restore the mission, ancillary buildings, walls, and grounds. He painstakingly researched the church's architecture and site, often relying on original Spanish sources, and gathered genuine artifacts from across California.[27]

text: He first restored the padres' quarters, then the roof of the chapel in 1936, and over the next five years the interior of the basilica.[27][30] In 1941, he oversaw restoration of the former soldiers' quarters on the east side of the quadrangle. In 1943 he began restoration of a building that had been on the south side of the quadrangle, although nothing was left but the eroded adobe foundation and a few ruined walls. The building was originally a segregated, locked dormitory for girls called the monjero (nunnery). They were separated from their families at age 8. The boys and unmarried men also had their own dormitory, though it was less confining.[31]:117–119

text: The building was reconstructed and made into classrooms for Junipero Serra Elementary School. In 1946, the ruin on the east side of the quadrangle that had been the original padre’s kitchen and a blacksmith shop was rebuilt. It is used today as a chapel. Downie also consulted on the restoration of the missions that are considered the most authentic, including San Luis Obispo, San Juan Bautista, and San Buenaventura. He also helped the Native Daughters of the Golden West to reconstruct Mission Soledad.[29] He was knighted by Pope Pius and by King Juan Carlos of Spain.[32][27]

text: In 1960, the mission was designated as a minor basilica by Pope John XXIII.   In 1987, Pope John Paul II visited the mission as part of his U.S. tour.[33][34]

text: The original bell nicknamed Ave Maria was made in Mexico City in 1807. It was placed at the Mission in 1820. When the mission was secularized in 1834, the bell was removed and held onto by local Native Americans for safekeeping. It was finally lost and relocated once again during restoration. It was re-installed in the mission bell tower in 1925.[15][35]

text: Modern use[edit]

text: As a result of Downie's dedicated efforts to restore the buildings, the Carmel mission church is one of the most authentically restored of all the mission churches in California. Mission Carmel has been designated a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service. It is an active parish church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Monterey.[36][37]

text: In addition to its activity as a place of worship, Mission Carmel also hosts concerts, art exhibits, lectures and numerous other community events. In 1986, then-pastor Monsignor Eamon MacMahon acquired a Casavant Frères organ with horizontal trumpets. Its hand-painted casework is decorated with elaborate carvings and statuary reflecting the Spanish decorative style seen on the main altar.[citation needed]

text: The mission also serves as a museum, preserving its own history and the history of the area. There are four specific museum galleries: the Harry Downie Museum, describing restoration efforts; the Munras Family Heritage Museum, describing the history of one of the most important area families; the Jo Mora Chapel Gallery, hosting rotating art exhibits as well as the monumental bronze and travertine cenotaph (1924) sculpted by Jo Mora;[38] and the Convento Museum, which holds the cell Serra lived and died in, as well as interpretive exhibits. At one end of the museum is a special chapel room containing some of the vestments used by Serra.[39][40][41]

text: The mission grounds are also the location of the Junipero Serra School, a private Catholic school for kindergartners through 8th grade.[42]

text: Modern restoration[edit]

text: In 2012, the Carmel Mission Foundation began a project to restore the roof of the basilica installed during a restoration in 1937. The project was the third major reconstruction of the basilica since it was built in 1797. The contractor installed additional wood and steel beams to reinforce and tie the roof structure together. To strengthen the walls, they drilled over 300 center-cored vertical and horizontal holes in the 5 feet (1.5 m) thick walls, into which they inserted steel rods that were grouted in place. The project also updated the electrical system and added a fire suppression system. The interior lighting was replaced and custom-made chandeliers were added. The project upgraded the radiant heating system and included construction of an Americans with Disabilities Act-compliant restroom. The project was funded by the Carmel Mission Foundation, which raised about $6.2 million.[37]

text: In 2016, the foundation funded reconstruction of the Quadrangle Courtyard at a cost of $2.0 million. The uneven, cracked concrete surface was a hazard. It was removed and new water and fire lines, drains, sewer, electrical, and communications lines were installed before a new concrete, durable concrete surface was poured.[37]

text: The foundation is planning a larger $20 million dollar project in time for the 250th anniversary of the basilica in 2020. It includes seismic retrofits, infrastructure improvements, and restoration of the several historic structures, including the Downie Museum and Orientation Center, Mora Chapel Museum, Convento Museum (including the museum store), and Blessed Sacrament Chapel.[37]

text: Vandalism[edit]

text: On September 27, 2015, in response to Serra's canonization, the San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo Mission was vandalized. The statue of Serra was toppled and splattered with paint, and the cemetery, the mission doors, a fountain, and a crucifix were as well. The message "Saint of Genocide" was put on Serra's tomb, and similar messages were painted elsewhere in the mission courtyard.[43][44]

text: Notable interments[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Several notable people are buried in the church and churchyard.

text:
Juan Crespí (1721–1782), Spanish missionary and explorer
Fermín Lasuén (1736–1803), Spanish missionary and explorer
José Antonio Roméu, (1742? – 1792) Spanish governor of California
Junípero Serra (1713–1784), founder of the Spanish missions in California and Saint

tag: ul


document_title: Prime Minister of Pakistan

question_text: who takes oath from prime minister in pakistan

root

text: Prime Minister of Pakistan

text: Constitutional law[edit]

text: The Constitution envisages a scheme of affairs in which the President of Pakistan is the head of state who represents the "unity of the Republic." The system of government in Pakistan is based on codified constitution which sees the Prime Minister as "chief executive of the Republic."

tag: p

text: Subject to the Constitution, the executive authority of the Federation shall be exercised in the name of the President by the Federal Government, consisting of the Prime Minister and the Federal Ministers, which shall act through the Prime Minister, who shall be the chief executive of the Federation."

text: In addition, the Prime Minister is also the chairman of the Council of Common Interests as set by:

text: (1) There shall be a Council of Common Interests, in this Chapter referred to as the Council, to be appointed by the President

text:
(2) The Council shall consist of-
(a) the Prime Minister who shall be the Chairman of the Council;
(b) the Chief Ministers of the Provinces;

text: As in most of the parliamentary democracies, a head of state's duties are mostly ceremonial. The Prime Minister of Pakistan is the head of government and has the responsibility for executive power. With Pakistan following a parliamentary system of government, the Prime minister is generally the leader of a party (or coalition of parties) that has a majority in the National Assembly —the lower house of the Parliament of Pakistan. The Prime minister, in common with all other ministers, either has to be a current member of National Assembly, or be elected within six months of being appointed.[12]

text: Role and powers of the Prime minister[edit]

text: The official residence and principal workplace of the Prime Minister is the Prime Minister's Secretariat located in northeast Islamabad. The Prime Minister is the Chief Executive who heads and exercises the authority of the Government of Pakistan. After obtaining a vote of confidence, the Prime Minister is invited by the President to take the oath of office and form the government.[12] In practice, the Prime Minister nominates the members of the Cabinet who supervise the important functions and ministries of the Government of Pakistan.[12] In addition, the Prime Minister communicates to the President all decisions of the Cabinet relating to the administration of affairs of state and proposals for legislation.[14]

text: The Prime Minister, in consultation with the Cabinet, schedules and attends the sessions of the Parliament and is required to answer questions from Members of Parliament to the ministers.

text: Some specific ministries/department are not allocated to anyone in the cabinet but the prime minister himself. The prime minister is usually always in-charge/Chairman of:

text:
Planning Commission
National Command Authority
National Security Council
Economic Coordination Committee
Cabinet Committee on National Security

text: The Prime minister is vested with command authority over the Pakistani nuclear arsenals and represents the country in various delegations, high-level meetings and international organisations that require the attendance of the highest government office and also addresses the nation on various issues of national importance.[5]

text: Eligibility[edit]

text: The Constitution of Pakistan requires that the Prime Minister be a member of the National Assembly.[15] As well as this, one must:

text:
be a citizen of Pakistan.
be a Muslim
be above 25 years of age
be able to prove good conduct of character and be not commonly known to violate Islamic injunctions
have adequate knowledge of Islamic teachings and practice obligatory duties prescribed by Islam, as well as abstaining from major sins
have not, after the establishment of Pakistan, worked against the integrity of the country or opposed the ideology of Pakistan.

text: Selection and removal[edit]

text: The candidates for the prime minister are members of the National Assembly or Senate who were chosen through direct elections by popular vote following campaigning on the party platforms.[16] Usually, the leader of the majority party in the parliament retains the office of prime minister, and forms the government either by coalition or by simple majority.[17] The candidate must retain the vote of confidence of the members of the parliament before being invited by the President to form the government.[12]

text: The Prime Minister can be removed before the expiry of the term through a vote of no confidence in the parliament.[12] If the vote of no confidence is passed by the National Assembly by not less than 20%, the Prime Minister ceases to retain the office.[12] In the past, prime ministers (and their governments) have been dismissed by the President exercising the VIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (1985), but this was repealed by the XVIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (2010).[18][19] In addition, the Prime Minister himself has absolute constitutional immunity from criminal and civil proceedings, and no proceedings can be initiated or continued against him during the term of his office.[20]

text: In 2012, the Supreme Court of Pakistan has ceased at least one Prime Minister from retaining the office due to contempt of court after retroactively disqualifying the membership of the parliament permanently.[21][22]

text: On 28 July 2017, the Supreme Court of Pakistan disqualified the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif from retaining the office due to his failure in fulfilling the eligibility requirements as enshrined in Articles 62 of the Constitution. This was in the aftermath of the Supreme Court hearing regarding the Panama Papers Case. This also resulted in him being permanently disqualified from membership of the parliament.[23]

text: The prime minister is elected by the National Assembly.[24] The National Assembly meets on the twenty-first day after a general election (at least every five years) unless the President calls for a vote of no confidence. Whichever member of the National assembly is chosen serves as the Prime Minister until the next election or until he fails to maintain the confidence of the National Assembly.

text: 91. The Cabinet:

text: (1) There shall be a Cabinet of Ministers, with the Prime Minister at its head, to aid and advise the President in the exercise of his functions.

text: (2) The National Assembly shall meet on the twenty-first day following the day on which a general election to the Assembly is held unless sooner summoned by the President.

text: (3) After the election of the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker, the National Assembly shall, to the exclusion of any other business, proceed to elect without debate one of its Muslim members to be the Prime Minister.

text: (4) The Prime Minister shall be elected by the votes of the majority of the total membership of the National Assembly:

text: Provided that, if no member secures such majority in the first poll, a second poll shall be held between the members who secure the two highest numbers of votes in the first poll and the member who secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting shall be declared to have been elected as Prime Minister:

text: Provided further that, if the number of votes secured by two or more members securing the highest number of votes is equal, further poll shall be held between them until one of them secures a majority of votes of the members present and voting.

text: (5) The member elected under clause (4) shall be called upon by the President to assume the office of Prime Minister and he shall, before entering upon the office, make before the President oath in the form set out in the Third Schedule:

text: Provided that there shall be no restriction on the number of terms for the office of the Prime Minister.

text: Oath of office[edit]

text: The Prime Minister is required to make and subscribe to, in the presence of the President, an oath or affirmation that they shall protect, preserve and defend the Constitution as follows:

text: I, ____________, do swear solemnly that l am a Muslim and believe in the Unity and Oneness of Almighty Allah, the Books of Allah, the Holy Qura'an being the last of them, the Prophethood of Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the last of the Prophets and that there can be no Prophet after him, the Day of Judgment, and all the requirements and teachings of the Holy Quran and Sunnah:

text: That I will bear true faith and allegiance to Pakistan:

text: That, as Prime Minister of Pakistan, I will discharge my duties, and perform my functions, hon-estly, to the best of my ability, faithfully in accordance with the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the law, and always in the interest of the sovereignty, integrity, solidarity, well- being and prosperity of Pakistan:

text: That I will strive to preserve the Islamic Ideology which is the basis for the creation of Pakistan:

text: That I will not allow my personal interest to influence my official conduct or my official decisions:

text: That I will preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan:

text: That, in all circumstances, I will do right to all manner of people, according to law, without fear or favor, affection or ill- will:

text: And that I will not directly or indirectly communicate or reveal to any person any matter which shall be brought under my consideration or shall become known to me as Prime Minister except as may be required for the due discharge of my duties as Prime Minister.

text: Past Prime Ministers[edit]

text: Chronological list of Prime Ministers with tenure[edit]

text:
Living former prime ministers

Z.K. Jamali
(PML-Q)
17th, served 2002–2004
(1944-01-01) January 1, 1944 (age 73)

Shujaat Hussain
(PML-Q)
18th (interim), served 2004
(1946-01-27) January 27, 1946 (age 71)

Shaukat Aziz
(PML-Q)
19th, served 2004–2007
(1949-03-06) March 6, 1949 (age 68)

M.M. Soomro
(PML-Q)
20th (Interim), served 2007–2008
(1950-08-19) August 19, 1950 (age 67)

Yousaf Raza Gillani
(PPP)
21st, served 2008-2012
(1952-07-09) July 9, 1952 (age 65)

Raja Pervaiz Ashraf
(PPP)
22nd, served 2012-2013
(1950-12-26) December 26, 1950 (age 66)

Nawaz Sharif
(PML-N)
13th, served 1990-93, 1993, 1997-99, 2013-17
(1949-12-25) December 25, 1949 (age 67)

text: History[edit]

text: The office was created on immediate effect after the partition and the establishment of Pakistan in 1947; the Prime Minister existed alongside the Governor-General who was the representative of English Monarchy. The first Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, exercised central executive powers until his assassination in 1951.[25] However, the powers slowly began to be reduced as a result of constant intervention by the Governor-General. Despite the first set of the Constitution giving central power in 1956, the next six prime ministers were dismissed by the Governor-General from 1951 till 1957. In addition, the first set of the Constitution had evolved the Governor-General into the President of Pakistan whilst declaring the country as "Islamic republic".[26][27] In 1958, President Iskandar Mirza dismissed the seventh prime minister to impose martial law in a mere two weeks, President Mirza was ousted by army chief General Ayub Khan who had for a brief period held the post of Prime Minister.

text: In 1962, the second set of the Constitution completely dissolved the office of prime minister as all powers were transferred to the President of Pakistan.[27][28] Criticism over the presidency after the presidential election held in 1965 over the centralizing of powers. After the general elections held in 1970, the office was established with Nurul Amin becoming the Prime Minister who was also the Vice-President. Negotiations that fall apart between Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Mujibur Rehman, and Yahya Khan that prompted to liberation movement in the East Pakistan. With India intervening in East Pakistan and Pakistan conceding defeat to end the war led to the collapse of the presidential system in 1971.

text: As the comprehensive Constitution reinstated in 1973, the post was reestablished with more central powers as the constitution provided a parliamentary system with President of Pakistan as figurehead.[29] Amid agitation instigated by the right-wing alliance invited the military intervention in 1977 which suspended the post.

text: The general elections held in 1985 restored the post, with Muhammad Junejo becoming the Prime Minister. Later that year, the National Assembly passed the controversial eighth amendment to the Constitution, giving the President the power to dismiss the Prime Minister and the National Assembly without prior consultation.[30] The general elections in 1988 resulted in the Pakistan Peoples Party's Benazir Bhutto becoming the first woman Prime Minister elected in a Muslim country.[31]

text: From 1988 to 1993, the power struggle between the Prime Minister and Presidency continued with President dismissing the National Assembly on three different occasions. At the 1997 elections, the PML(N) secured a two-thirds majority in the Parliament and drafted the XIII and XIV Amendments to reverse the eighth amendment to the Constitution; this allowed Nawaz Sharif to centralize more executive powers.[32] After the draw down of civil-military relations in 1999, Chairman joint chiefs General Pervez Musharraf staged a coup d'état against the PML(N)'s government and held nationwide elections in 2002.[33]

text: With no party gaining a majority, a coalition was formed with the PML(Q) – a breakaway of the PML(N) and a pro-Musharraf party – leading with MQM. After some political wrangling, Zafarullah Jamali became the Prime Minister, and passed the XVII amendment which partially restored the power of the President to dissolve the National Assembly, but made the dissolution subject to the Supreme Court of Pakistan's approval.[34]

text: Over the authority issues,[clarification needed] Prime Minister Jamali resigned in 2004 and Shaukat Aziz was eventually appointed as Prime Minister, securing 151 out of 191 votes in the National Assembly.[35] The XVII amendment featured a semi-presidential system allowing the presidency to keep the interference[clarification needed] executive and the judiciary.[34] The general elections in 2008 resulted in the PPP coming to power and supporting the movement to oust Pervez Musharraf.[36] A populist intellectual movement leading to the departure of Pervez Musharraf] allowed Asif Zardari to become President. In 2010, the XVIII Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed to reverse the XVII amendment; it returned the country to being a parliamentary democratic republic. In addition, the XVIII Amendment removed all powers of the presidency to dissolve the Parliament unilaterally and sweep away the powers amassed by the former presidents Pervez Musharraf and Zia-ul-Haq to maintain a delicate check and balance.[37]

text: Following a contempt of court case, the Supreme Court permanently disqualified Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gillani.[38] Originally, the PPP nomination was Makhdoom Shahbuddin,[39] but he was forced to withdraw after the ANF issued non-bailable arrest warrants against him.[40] Raja Pervaiz Ashraf became the Prime Minister and remained in office until 2013.[40][41][42][10] The general election held in 2013 saw the PML(N) almost achieve a supermajority. Following this, Nawaz Sharif was elected as Prime Minister, returning to the post for the third time after a fourteen-year absence, in a democratic transition. In 2017, Sharif was forced to step down as the prime minister following corruption charges against him.


document_title: 2017 World Series

question_text: where is game 7 of the world series played

text: 2017 World Series

text: Background[edit]

text: This was the first World Series matchup, and second postseason meeting overall, between the Astros and Dodgers. Los Angeles defeated Houston in the 1981 National League Division Series in five games en route to its World Series championship that year.[7] The teams also met in the 1980 National League West tie-breaker game.[8] This was the first Fall Classic since 1970, and the eighth overall, in which both participants had 100 or more wins during the regular season.[9][10]

text: With the Astros and Dodgers having waited a combined 84 years for a championship (the Dodgers last won the World Series in 1988, and the Astros had never won since their 1962 formation), this was the third straight year in which the World Series teams had waited a combined 50 years or more to win a World Series, following 2015 at 59 years and 2016 at 176 years. Both teams had not lost at home this postseason leading to the World Series. The two teams did not meet in interleague play during the regular season.[11] This was also the third consecutive World Series to extend into November, although the 2015 World Series did not go up to Game 7.

text: Los Angeles Dodgers[edit]

text: The Dodgers held a 91–36 record through August 25.[12][13] However, a late season slump, in which the team lost 20 of 25 games (highlighted by 11 straight losses), led to questions about whether the Dodgers would succeed in the postseason. Despite the slump, the team recovered to win eight of its final ten regular season games, securing their fifth consecutive National League West title and home field advantage throughout the playoffs. In the postseason, the Dodgers swept the Arizona Diamondbacks in the National League Division Series and defeated the defending World Series champion Chicago Cubs in the previous year's rematch of the National League Championship Series in five games.[14] This was the first appearance in the Fall Classic for the Dodgers since 1988, the tenth since the franchise moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles in 1958, and the 19th overall.[15]

text: Entering the 2017 World Series, the Dodgers bullpen had thrown 23 consecutive scoreless innings, a postseason record for a bullpen. Additionally, by outscoring the Arizona Diamondbacks and Chicago Cubs by a combined 48–19 margin, the Dodgers entered the World Series with the third-best run differential of any pennant winner since the playoff structure was expanded in 1995.[16]

text: All-Star shortstop Corey Seager, who was out for the entire National League Championship Series with a back injury, was included on the Dodgers' World Series roster.[17] Manager Dave Roberts became first manager of Asian heritage ever in the World Series, as well as the fourth African-American manager.[18]

text: Houston Astros[edit]

text: With a 101–61 regular season record, the team won its first American League West title since moving from the National League Central starting in its 2013 season, and their first division title since 2001. In the American League Division Series, they defeated the Boston Red Sox in four games and then defeated the New York Yankees in the American League Championship Series (ALCS) in seven games.[19] This was their second World Series appearance and first since 2005, when they were swept in four games by the Chicago White Sox.[20] They became the first team in history to make it to the World Series as members of both the National League and the American League.[21]

text: The city of Houston in August 2017 suffered record flooding from Hurricane Harvey. The team began to wear patches which had the logo of the team with the word "Strong" on the bottom of the patch, as well as promoting the hashtag Houston Strong.[22][23] Manager A. J. Hinch has stated in an interview that the team wasn't just playing for a title, but to help boost moral support for the city.[24]

text: On August 31, just seconds before the midnight deadline, the Astros traded for Justin Verlander.[25] Following the trade, including the regular season and postseason to this point, Verlander had posted a 9–0 win-loss record with a 1.23 earned run average.[26] He was named the ALCS MVP.[27]

text: Summary[edit]

text: Houston won the series, 4–3.

text:
Game
Date
Score
Location
Time
Attendance

1
000000002017-10-24-0000October 24
Houston Astros – 1, Los Angeles Dodgers – 3
Dodger Stadium
2:28
54,253[28]

2
000000002017-10-25-0000October 25
Houston Astros – 7, Los Angeles Dodgers – 6 (11)
Dodger Stadium
4:19
54,293[29]

3
000000002017-10-27-0000October 27
Los Angeles Dodgers – 3, Houston Astros – 5
Minute Maid Park
3:46
43,282[30]

4
000000002017-10-28-0000October 28
Los Angeles Dodgers – 6, Houston Astros – 2
Minute Maid Park
3:06
43,322[31]

5
000000002017-10-29-0000October 29
Los Angeles Dodgers – 12, Houston Astros – 13 (10)
Minute Maid Park
5:17
43,300[32]

6
000000002017-10-31-0000October 31
Houston Astros – 1, Los Angeles Dodgers – 3
Dodger Stadium
3:22
54,128[33]

7
000000002017-11-01-0000November 1
Houston Astros – 5, Los Angeles Dodgers – 1
Dodger Stadium
3:37
54,124[34]

text: Pre-game ceremonies[edit]

text: Game 1: The ceremonial first pitch was thrown out by members of former Dodger Jackie Robinson's family, including his widow Rachel.[35] The game marked the 45th anniversary of Robinson's death, and the 2017 season was the 70th anniversary of his breaking of the baseball color line.[36] Keith Williams Jr., a gospel singer, performed "The Star-Spangled Banner", the national anthem.[37]

text: Game 2: Fernando Valenzuela threw out the ceremonial first pitch to Steve Yeager; both were introduced by retired Dodgers broadcaster Vin Scully.[38][39] Country music's Brad Paisley performed the national anthem.[40]

text: Game 3: Houston Texans defensive end J. J. Watt, who had raised $37 million for Hurricane Harvey victims, threw out the first pitch. The ball was given to him by Astros' Hall of Famer Craig Biggio.[41][42] The national anthem was performed by Texas Air National Guard Master Sergeant Promise Harris.[43]

text: Game 4: Hailey Dawson, a seven-year-old girl from Nevada, threw out the ceremonial first pitch using a 3D printed hand.[44][45] The national anthem was performed by the Houston Police Department Quartet.[43]

text: Game 5: Former President of the United States George W. Bush threw out the ceremonial first pitch. His father, former President George H. W. Bush handed him the ball.[46] Justin Verlander caught the pitch. Country singer Clay Walker performed the national anthem.[43]

text: Game 6: Orel Hershiser and Tommy Lasorda, celebrating the Dodgers' 1988 World Series title, each threw out the ceremonial first pitch.[47] Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officer Rosalind Curry performed the national anthem.[48]

text: Game 7: The LAPD Quartet sang the National Anthem. The first pitch was thrown out by Sandy Koufax. Rick Monday, Steve Garvey and Don Newcombe participated as well.[49]

text: Game summaries[edit]

text: Game 1[edit]

text:
October 24, 2017, 5:11 pm (PDT) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, 103 °F (39 °C), clear

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
3
0

Los Angeles
1
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
X
3
6
0

WP: Clayton Kershaw (1–0)   LP: Dallas Keuchel (0–1)   Sv: Kenley Jansen (1)
Home runs:
HOU: Alex Bregman (1)
LAD: Chris Taylor (1), Justin Turner (1)
Attendance: 54,253

text: The temperature at the start of the game was 103 °F (39 °C), which made this the hottest World Series game ever recorded.[50] Clayton Kershaw started Game 1 for the Dodgers, while Dallas Keuchel started for the Astros.[51]

text: Chris Taylor hit a home run for the Dodgers on Keuchel's first pitch of the game. It was the third home run to leadoff a game in Dodgers postseason history (following Davey Lopes in 1978 World Series and Carl Crawford in 2013 NLDS).[52] Alex Bregman hit a tying solo home run for the Astros in the fourth inning. In the sixth inning, Justin Turner hit a go-ahead two-run home run for the Dodgers. Turner tied Duke Snider for most career runs batted in (RBIs) in Dodgers postseason history with 26.[53] Kershaw struck out 11 in seven innings pitched with no walks and only three hits allowed while Keuchel allowed three runs on six hits in 6 2⁄3 innings. Brandon Morrow pitched a scoreless eighth and Kenley Jansen earned the save.[54] The two-hour, 28-minute game was the shortest World Series contest since Game 4 in 1992.[55]

text: Game 2[edit]

text:
October 25, 2017, 5:17 pm (PDT) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, 93 °F (34 °C), clear

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
2
7
14
1

Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
2
1
6
5
0

WP: Chris Devenski (1–0)   LP: Brandon McCarthy (0–1)
Home runs:
HOU: Marwin González (1), José Altuve (1), Carlos Correa (1), George Springer (1)
LAD: Joc Pederson (1), Corey Seager (1), Yasiel Puig (1), Charlie Culberson (1)
Attendance: 54,293

text: The starting pitchers for Game 2 were Rich Hill for the Dodgers and Justin Verlander for the Astros. The Astros scored first when Bregman drove in Josh Reddick with a hit in the third inning. Hill struck out seven in four innings but was replaced by Kenta Maeda in the fifth. Joc Pederson tied the game with a solo home run in the bottom of the fifth inning, and the Dodgers took the lead when Corey Seager hit a two-run home run in the bottom of the sixth inning. Verlander allowed two hits, both home runs, in his six innings pitched. Carlos Correa drove in the Astros' second run of the game on a single in the eighth, ending the Dodgers bullpen's streak of 28 consecutive scoreless innings in the postseason. Marwin González hit a home run off Jansen in the ninth to tie the game.[56] This was only Jansen's second blown save all season and snapped his streak of converting his first 12 postseason save opportunities, a major league record.[57]

text: The game went into extra innings. José Altuve and Correa hit home runs off Josh Fields in the tenth inning to put the Astros in the lead. In the bottom of the inning, Yasiel Puig hit a home run off of Ken Giles and Enrique Hernández drove in Logan Forsythe to tie the game, with the latter being the Dodgers' first run that was not driven in by a home run. In the next inning, George Springer hit a two-run home run for the Astros off of Brandon McCarthy to retake the lead. In the bottom of the 11th inning, Charlie Culberson homered off of Chris Devenski, who later struck out Puig to end the game. This was the first ever World Series game in which a team hit home runs in the ninth, tenth and eleventh inning. [56][58] The teams set a new record for combined home runs in a single World Series game with eight[59] and this was the first time in MLB history, regular season or postseason, that five home runs were hit in extra innings.[60] The Astros won their first World Series game in franchise history as they had been swept in their previous appearance in 2005.[61][62]

text: Game 3[edit]

text:
October 27, 2017, 7:21 pm (CDT) at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas, 65 °F (18 °C), roof closed

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Los Angeles
0
0
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
3
4
2

Houston
0
4
0
0
1
0
0
0
X
5
12
0

WP: Lance McCullers Jr. (1–0)   LP: Yu Darvish (0–1)   Sv: Brad Peacock (1)
Home runs:
LAD: None
HOU: Yuli Gurriel (1)
Attendance: 43,282

text: The starting pitchers for Game 3 were Yu Darvish for the Dodgers and Lance McCullers Jr. for the Astros. The Astros scored four runs in the bottom of the second inning on a home run by Yuli Gurriel and RBIs by González, Brian McCann, and Bregman. Darvish left the game after 1 2⁄3 innings, which was the shortest outing of his career. The Dodgers scored one run in the top of the third inning as Seager grounded into a double play after McCullers loaded the bases with three consecutive walks.[63][64] The Astros added another run in the fifth on an RBI single by Evan Gattis and the Dodgers added two in the sixth on an RBI groundout by Puig and a wild pitch. McCullers wound up pitching 51⁄3 innings and allowed three runs on four hits.[65] [66] Brad Peacock replaced McCullers, completing the final 3 2⁄3 innings with no hits allowed and four strikeouts to earn his first major league save. It was the longest hitless World Series relief outing since Ron Taylor's four innings in Game 4 of the 1964 Series, and tied Ken Clay for the longest hitless postseason save, first accomplished in the 1978 ALCS.[67]

text: Gurriel made a racially insensitive gesture in the dugout after his home run. He stretched the sides of his eyes and mouthing the Spanish word chinito, which translates to "little Chinese Boy"; Darvish is from Japan.[68][69] Gurriel apologized, and said that anyone from Asia is called a chino in Cuba, although he acknowledged knowing that the term was offensive in Japan from having played there.[68][70] As a result, Gurriel was suspended for the first five games of the 2018 MLB season without pay, but allowed to continue playing in the World Series.[71][72]

text: Game 4[edit]

text:
October 28, 2017, 7:20 pm (CDT) at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas, 67 °F (19 °C), roof closed

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
6
7
0

Houston
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2
2
0

WP: Tony Watson (1–0)   LP: Ken Giles (0–1)
Home runs:
LAD: Joc Pederson (2)
HOU: George Springer (2), Alex Bregman (2)
Attendance: 43,322

text: The starting pitchers for Game 4 were Alex Wood for the Dodgers and Charlie Morton for the Astros.[73] Springer homered off Wood in the bottom of the sixth for the first run of the ballgame. It was the only hit Wood allowed in 5 2⁄3 innings pitched in the game. Forsythe drove in Cody Bellinger to tie the game in the top of the seventh. Morton struck out seven and only allowed three hits and one run in 61⁄3 innings.[74] Bellinger then drove in the go-ahead run with a double in the top of the ninth off of Giles and the Dodgers added four more runs on a sacrifice fly by Austin Barnes and a three-run homer by Pederson. Bregman homered off of Jansen in the bottom of the ninth but the Dodgers managed to even up the series. The Astros had two hits in the game; both were home runs. This was the first game in World Series history where both starting pitchers allowed four or fewer baserunners.[75]

text: After Game 4, both teams' pitching coaches, Rick Honeycutt for the Dodgers and Brent Strom for the Astros, commented on how the baseball being used for the World Series is slicker than the baseball used during the regular season. Pitchers on both teams noted that this difference has made it more difficult for them to throw their sliders.[76]

text: Game 5[edit]

text:
October 29, 2017, 7:21 pm (CDT) at Minute Maid Park in Houston, Texas, 69 °F (21 °C), roof closed

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R
H
E

Los Angeles
3
0
0
1
3
0
1
1
3
0
12
14
1

Houston
0
0
0
4
3
0
4
1
0
1
13
14
1

WP: Joe Musgrove (1–0)   LP: Kenley Jansen (0–1)
Home runs:
LAD: Cody Bellinger (1), Yasiel Puig (2)
HOU: Yuli Gurriel (2), José Altuve (2), George Springer (3), Carlos Correa (2), Brian McCann (1)
Attendance: 43,300

text: Kershaw and Keuchel started Game 5, in a rematch of the opening game of the series.[77] Forsythe singled in two runs off of Keuchel in the first inning to put the Dodgers up early. A third run scored on a throwing error by Gurriel. Barnes singled in the fourth to score Forsythe. Keuchel pitched only 32⁄3 innings for the Astros, allowing five hits and four runs (three earned). This was his shortest home start of the season. The Astros scored their first run with an RBI double by Correa in the bottom of the fourth inning, followed by a three-run home run by Gurriel to tie the game. Bellinger hit a three-run home run off of Collin McHugh in the top of the fifth to put the Dodgers back on top only for Altuve to hit his own three-run home run in the bottom of the inning off Maeda to tie it back up. Kershaw pitched 42⁄3 innings and allowed six runs on four hits and three walks.

text: A triple by Bellinger on a line drive that Springer missed on a dive in the seventh inning off of Peacock scored Hernández from first base. In the bottom of the seventh inning, Springer hit a home run off the first pitch he saw off of Morrow, who was pitching for the third consecutive day, to tie the game. Bregman scored on a double by Altuve to put the Astros ahead for the first time in the game, and then Correa hit a two-run home run to extend the lead. Seager doubled in a run in the top of the eighth inning, but McCann hit a home run in the bottom of the inning. That was the 21st home run of the series, tying the record set in the 2002 World Series. Puig broke the record with a two-run home run in the top of the ninth inning. Down to their last strike, Chris Taylor drove in Barnes to tie the game with a single.[78]

text: In the tenth inning, Jansen hit McCann with a pitch to put him on base with two outs. Subsequently, Springer walked on five pitches to move McCann to second base. McCann was then replaced by pinch runner Derek Fisher.[79] On the next pitch, Bregman singled in Fisher for the winning run.[80] Bregman became the third youngest player to have a walk-off hit in the World Series ever. The Astros became only the second team to come back twice from three runs down in a World Series game,[81] the other were the Toronto Blue Jays in the 15–14 win during Game 4 of the 1993 World Series. The six game tying home runs in the series to this point is the most for any World Series on record.[82] This World Series set a new record for most players to hit a home run (14 to date in the World Series).[81] With the teams combining to score 25 runs throughout the game, this was the highest scoring World Series game since the Florida Marlins defeated the Cleveland Indians 14–11 in Game 3 of the 1997 World Series.[83] Game 5 lasted five hours and seventeen minutes, making it the second longest World Series game in history by time, trailing only the 14 inning contest between the Astros and the Chicago White Sox in Game 3 of the 2005 World Series in the same ballpark, as well as the third World Series game ever to go beyond five hours of game time. This game is considered one of the greatest World Series games of all time.[84]

text: Game 6[edit]

text:
October 31, 2017, 5:21 pm (PDT) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, 67 °F (19 °C), overcast

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
6
0

Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
X
3
5
0

WP: Tony Watson (2–0)   LP: Justin Verlander (0–1)   Sv: Kenley Jansen (2)
Home runs:
HOU: George Springer (4)
LAD: Joc Pederson (3)
Attendance: 54,128

text: Game 6 featured the same starting pitchers as the second game: Verlander and Hill. Springer hit a solo home run off of Hill in the top of the third for the first run of the night.[85] It was Springer's fourth homer of the series, tied for third all-time in a single series and joining Gene Tenace, in 1972, as the only players with four game-tying or go-ahead home runs in a World Series.[86] Springer also joined Hank Bauer in the 1958 World Series and Barry Bonds in the 2002 World Series with four home runs in a series.[87] The Astros loaded the bases in the fifth inning, but did not score. Hill pitched 4 2⁄3 innings, struck out five and allowed four hits and one run.[85]

text: In the sixth inning, Taylor tied the game with an RBI double and Seager hit a sacrifice fly to give the Dodgers the lead.[88] Verlander pitched six innings with nine strikeouts and only three hits allowed. Pederson hit a home run in the bottom of the seventh inning and Jansen pitched two scoreless innings for the save.[89] Pederson tied a World Series record with his fifth consecutive game with an extra base hit and Andre Ethier, who appeared in the game as a pinch hitter, set a new Dodgers franchise record with his 50th career postseason game.[90]

text: Game 7[edit]

text:
November 1, 2017, 5:21 pm (PDT) at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, California, 69 °F (21 °C), partly cloudy

Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
5
0

Los Angeles
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
6
1

WP: Charlie Morton (1–0)   LP: Yu Darvish (0–2)
Home runs:
HOU: George Springer (5)
LAD: None
Attendance: 54,124

text: This was the first World Series Game 7 to be played at Dodger Stadium (and the first postseason Game 7 at the stadium since the 1988 NLCS).[91] It was also the first time since the 1931 World Series that a Game 7 occurred in a Series with both teams having won at least 100 games during the season.[92] This was the first time since the 2001 World Series and 2002 World Series that back-to-back Fall Classics had a Game 7.[93]

text: The starting pitchers for this game were the same as in the third game: McCullers and Darvish.[94] Springer doubled to open the game and scored the first run on an error by Bellinger, which allowed Bregman to reach second base. Bregman stole third base and scored on an Altuve groundout. McCann scored the next inning on a groundout hit by the pitcher McCullers. Springer hit a two-run home run, his fifth of the series, tying Reggie Jackson and Chase Utley for most home runs in a single World Series and setting a new record with 29 total bases in any postseason series. As in Game 3, Darvish lasted only 1 2⁄3 innings (tying the shortest outing of his career) and became the third pitcher with two starts of less than two innings in a World Series, and the first since Art Ditmar in the 1960 World Series. Morrow relieved Darvish and in the process became only the second pitcher to pitch in all seven games of a single World Series, joining Darold Knowles in the 1973 World Series. McCullers lasted only 21⁄3 innings himself; he allowed three hits and hit a World Series record four batters. This was the first Game 7 in World Series history where neither starting pitcher got past the third inning.[95]

text: The Dodgers failed to score a run and left eight men on base through five innings.[96] Ethier, pinch hitting, scored Pederson on a single in the sixth inning for the Dodgers' only run. They only had one hit in 13 chances with runners in scoring position in the game.[95] Kershaw pitched four scoreless innings of relief in the game, and in the process, he broke Orel Hershiser's Dodgers postseason record with his 33rd strikeout.[97] Morton pitched four innings of relief to earn the win, as Corey Seager grounded out to José Altuve, who threw to Yuli Gurriel to end the game, series, baseball season, and their 56-year drought. The Astros became the third consecutive road team to win a World Series Game 7 as well as the fourth consecutive team to end a World Series on the road (after the 2014 Giants, 2015 Royals and 2016 Cubs). They also became just the second team to win a seven game League Championship Series and a seven game World Series in the same year, following the 1985 Kansas City Royals. Springer won the World Series MVP Award.[5][95] With the Astros winning this is the third consecutive year that the team with the longer World Series drought won the series.

text: Composite line score[edit]

text: 2017 World Series (4–3): Houston Astros beat Los Angeles Dodgers.

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
R
H
E

Houston Astros
2
7
2
5
4
1
4
2
2
3
2
34
56
2

Los Angeles Dodgers
4
0
1
1
4
9
3
1
8
2
1
34
47
4

Home runs:
HOU: George Springer (5), José Altuve (2), Alex Bregman (2), Carlos Correa (2), Yuli Gurriel (2), Marwin González (1), Brian McCann (1)
LAD: Joc Pederson (3), Yasiel Puig (2), Cody Bellinger (1), Charlie Culberson (1), Corey Seager (1), Chris Taylor (1), Justin Turner (1)
Total attendance: 346,702   Average attendance: 49,529
Winning player's share: $438,901.57.   Losing player's share: $259,722.14.

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text: Fox broadcast the series in the United States, with Joe Buck serving as the play-by-play announcer, along with John Smoltz as color commentator and Ken Rosenthal and Tom Verducci as field reporters.[98] Kevin Burkhardt hosted the pregame shows, joined by analysts Keith Hernandez, David Ortiz, Alex Rodriguez, and Frank Thomas.[99]

text: Outside the United States, MLB International televised the series, with Matt Vasgersian on play-by-play and Buck Martinez doing color commentary.[100]

text: After Game 7, Correa proposed to his girlfriend, 2016 Miss Texas USA winner Daniella Rodríguez, on live television during a postgame interview conducted by Rosenthal. She accepted.[101]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: This series turned out to be the 3rd highest rated since 2005, trailing only the 2009 World Series and the 2016 World Series.[102] For the second straight year, Game 5 beat out NBC Sunday Night Football in ratings.[103]

text:
Game
Ratings
(households)
Share
(households)
U.S. audience
(in millions)
Ref

1
8.7
15
14.97
[104][105]

2
9.2
18
15.48
[106][107]

3
8.8
17
15.68
[108][109]

4
8.7
17
15.40
[110][111]

5
10.5
21
18.94
[112][113]

6
12.6
23
22.23
[114][115]

7
15.8
28
28.24
[116][117]

text: Radio[edit]

text: National[edit]

text: ESPN Radio broadcast the series in English, with Dan Shulman providing the play-by-play and Aaron Boone serving as color analyst. Tim Kurkjian and Buster Olney served as reporters for the network, while Marc Kestecher hosted the pre-game and post-game coverage along with analyst Chris Singleton. The ESPN Radio coverage was carried on affiliated stations throughout the United States and Canada, as well as online at ESPN.com and via the ESPN mobile app. Spanish-language coverage was provided by ESPN Deportes Radio, with Eduardo Ortega, Renato Bermúdez, José Francisco Rivera, and Orlando Hernández announcing.[118]

text: Local[edit]

text: Locally, both teams' flagship radio stations broadcast the series with their regular announcers. Sportstalk 790 aired the English-language broadcast for the Houston area, with Robert Ford and Steve Sparks calling the games.[100] In Los Angeles, AM 570 LA Sports aired the English-language broadcast, with Charley Steiner and Rick Monday announcing.[100] In Spanish, Univision America 1020 carried the broadcast, with Jaime Jarrín and Jorge Jarrín on the call. In Korean, Radio Korea 1540 aired the series, with Richard Choi and Chong Ho Yim in the booth.[119]

text: Sponsorship[edit]

text: For the first time, MLB sold presenting sponsorships to all of its postseason series;[120] the internet television service YouTube TV is the first-ever presenting sponsor of the World Series. The series is officially known as the 2017 World Series Presented by YouTube TV.[3] This sponsorship includes logo branding in-stadium and on official digital properties, as well as commercial inventory during Fox's telecasts of the games.[121]


document_title: Brenda's Got a Baby

question_text: who was the actress in tupac video brenda got a baby

text: Brenda's Got a Baby

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: The opening consists of a duet singing the song's title twice. Much of the rest of the song is one long verse performed by Tupac.

text: The verse begins with Tupac telling a group that he has heard about Brenda's pregnancy. He also notes that she has had virtually no education, and calls this a "damn shame" because she has little hope of a future. Her family is very poor and her father is a drug addict. Brenda is impregnated by her unnamed boyfriend, who is also her cousin, but she is successfully able to hide her pregnancy. Tupac explains that her family wouldn't care if she gave birth, as long as they got their cut of the government assistance.

text: Although she believes that her cousin (her baby's father) will stay with her and help her raise their child, he is merely a molester, and abandons her before she gives birth on the bathroom floor. She throws the baby into a trash bin but later retrieves it when she hears it crying. Her mother scolds her severely, and Brenda becomes so ashamed of herself that she runs away from home.

text: Brenda is now forced to live alone, and unsuccessfully seeks employment. Her attempt to sell crack cocaine results in robbery, and eventually she views prostitution as her only way to earn money and survive. This life path leads to her getting murdered. The fates of her parents, her cousin, and the baby are left unexplained. The song's final minute consists of a chorus singing "Don't you know she's got a baby?" repeatedly. The beginning of the song can be heard in The Game's song "Street Riders" 2Pac has another song which he made late in his career which deals with this same subject called "Mama's Just a Little Girl". The song can be found on his fourth posthumous studio album Better Dayz.

text: Music video[edit]

text: The video of the song is in black-and-white. It was made to visualize what Shakur narrates. The first part shows Shakur and "Brenda" and then the actual story starts. Ethel "Edy" Proctor portrays Brenda.

text: The video begins with "based on a true story," although the characters themselves are fictitious, Shakur wrote the song after reading a story in the newspaper of a 12-year-old girl getting pregnant by her cousin and trying to dispose of the baby in a trash can.

text: Parts of the video were included in Tupac: Resurrection, a 2003 documentary on 2Pac's life, in a television show later in the music video of Ghetto Gospel, in the music video of Changes and appears as a bonus in its entirety on the film's DVD. Part of the video and song was played in 2Pac's biopic film, "All Eyez On Me," released June 16th 2017.

text: The video was directed by the Hughes Brothers.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1991)
Peak
position

US Rap Singles (Billboard)[2]
3

US R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[2]
23


document_title: The Whole Truth (2016 film)

question_text: who is the killer in the whole truth

question_tokens: who is the killer in the whole truth

text: The Whole Truth (2016 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Defense attorney Richard Ramsay works on a tough case to defend 17-year-old Mike Lassiter, who is suspected of murdering his wealthy lawyer father Boone Lassiter. Ramsay is a very good friend of the Lassiter family, having worked with Boone for many years, and is trying hard to save Mike from being sentenced for murder. Despite this, Mike shows cold hostility to Ramsay, and remains mostly quiet during the trial, which makes Ramsay's job as defence attorney harder. Ramsay enlists the help of a young lawyer Janelle as his assistant, who is determined to find out the truth about what happened.

text: The witnesses are called to testify details of the case; the first witness, a flight attendant, states that Mike and Boone had a serious argument in-flight when Boone insisted for Mike to study law at Stanford. The police officer who first responded to the call testifies that at the scene of the crime, Mike muttered that he did it, and only his fingerprints were found on the knife used to kill Boone. As Mike refuses to talk to Ramsay, he is unable to present his defense.

text: The Lassiters' neighbors are called next, who testify that Mike was very close to Boone in childhood, and became a law prodigy in high school to follow his father's footsteps. However, Boone recently became extremely violent to his wife Loretta, which caused Mike's relationship with his father to deteriorate. Loretta now testifies that Boone did indeed verbally and physically abuse her many times, with the most recent time on the day of his death. After Bonne assaulted her, she went into bathroom to have a shower. When she came out, she saw Boone was already dead and Mike was standing near his corpse. Ramsey presents a health report as evidence, which proves her injuries.

text: Mike suddenly tells Ramsey that he is now ready to present his testimony. Ramsey is hesitant because he is unsure what Mike wants to say, but Mike threatens to dismiss Ramsey from acting as his defense attorney. Mike affirms in court that his father did frequently assault his mother, but that was not the reason he killed him. Mike reveals that Boone had molested him many times throughout his teenage years, and he wanted to go to a further university to escape from his father. He also states that Boone was angry over this decison and raped him on the flight, and was attempting to do so again before he left for college. This caused him to fight back at his father and lead to him stabbing Boone with a knife. The prosecutor requests the flight attendant to be recalled, who insists that she did not notice Mike being sexuality assaulted by his father. However, Janelle (with suggestions from Mike) reveals that the flight attendant had an extramarital affair with the pilot, and lied in court to avoid being discovered. This information was enough to discredit her testimony and win support from the jury.

text: After reconsidering Mike's testimony and his mother's reactions, Janelle confronts Loretta outside the courtroom. She deduced that Loretta killed Boone after being assaulted, and Mike was merely trying to take the blame himself to protect his mother. Loretta angrily denies this accusation. Janelle presents this information to Ramsey, but he acts indifferently, stating that all that matters is that this gives him a chance to save Mike. Despite being disgusted by Ramsey's lack of morality, Janelle chooses to remain in court to assist Ramsey in the case.

text: The jury announce their decision: Mike Lassiter is found not guilty of murder. Ramsey congratulates Mike, but Mike asks to speak with him in private. Mike approaches Ramsey outside of court and reveals that he saw Ramsey's watch at the scene of the crime and angrily accuses Ramsey as the one who murdered his father.

text: Ramsey recalls the true events that happened. Loretta was secretly having an affair with Ramsey, and Boone became suspicious of his wife's infidelity. To protect her from further abuse, Ramsey conspired with Loretta to kill Boone and disguise it as self defense. On that day, Ramsey was the one who murdered Boone, but before he and Loretta can tamper with the crime scene, Mike returned home. Ramsey hastily escaped from the Lassiter house, and Mike subsequently planned the series of events to protect his mother.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Keanu Reeves as Richard Ramsay, a defense attorney
Renée Zellweger as Loretta Lassiter, Mike's mother
Gugu Mbatha-Raw as Janelle Brady, a younger lawyer
Gabriel Basso as Mike Lassiter, a seventeen-year-old suspected of murdering his father
Jim Belushi as Boone Lassiter, Mike's father[3]
Jim Klock as Leblanc, the prosecutor[4]
Sean Bridgers as Arthur Westin
Christopher Berry as Jack Legrand

text: Production[edit]

text: Daniel Craig was originally set to star since January 2014. In April, just a few days before filming was set to commence, he dropped out of the project for unknown reasons.[5] Craig was replaced by Keanu Reeves in June.

text: On July 10, 2014, Jim Belushi joined the cast of the film to play Mike's father, and Zellweger would play his mother.[3] On August 12, Jim Klock was added to the cast to play the prosecutor, who has a rock-solid case against the teen.[4]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography of the film began on July 7, 2014, in New Orleans, Louisiana.[6][3] Previously the filming was slated to take place in Boston.[7]