document_title: NFPA 704

question_text: in the nfpa 704 system a 4 in the reactivity diamond indicates what type of hazard

text: NFPA 704

text: Codes[edit]

text: The four divisions are typically color-coded with red indicating flammability, blue indicating level of health hazard, yellow for chemical reactivity, and white containing codes for special hazards. Each of health, flammability and reactivity is rated on a scale from 0 (no hazard) to 4 (severe risk). The latest version of NFPA 704 sections 5, 6, 7 and 8 for the specifications of each classification are listed below. The numeric values in the first column are designated in the standard by "Degree of Hazard" using Arabic numerals (0, 1, 2, 3, 4), not to be confused with other classification systems, such as that in the NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code, where flammable and combustible liquid categories are designated by "Class", using Roman numerals (I, II, III).[2]

text:
Flammability (red)

0
Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions (e.g. Carbon tetrachloride), including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand. Materials that will not burn in air when exposed to a temperature of 820 °C (1,500 °F) for a period of 5 minutes.

1
Materials that require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur (e.g. mineral oil, ammonia). Includes some finely divided suspended solids that do not require heating before ignition can occur. Flash point at or above 93.3 °C (200 °F).

2
Must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperature before ignition can occur (e.g. diesel fuel, paper, sulfur) and multiple finely divided suspended solids that do not require heating before ignition can occur. Flash point between 37.8 and 93.3 °C (100 and 200 °F).

3
Liquids and solids (including finely divided suspended solids) that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions (e.g. gasoline, acetone). Liquids having a flash point below 22.8 °C (73 °F) and having a boiling point at or above 37.8 °C (100 °F) or having a flash point between 22.8 and 37.8 °C (73 and 100 °F).

4
Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily (e.g. acetylene, propane, hydrogen gas). Includes pyrophoric substances. Flash point below room temperature at 22.8 °C (73 °F).

text:
Health (blue)

0
Poses no health hazard, no precautions necessary and would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible materials (e.g. wood, paper)

1
Exposure would cause irritation with only minor residual injury (e.g. acetone, sodium bromate, potassium chloride)

2
Intense or continued but not chronic exposure could cause temporary incapacitation or possible residual injury (e.g. diethyl ether, ammonium phosphate, iodine)

3
Short exposure could cause serious temporary or moderate residual injury (e.g. liquid hydrogen, carbon monoxide, calcium hypochlorite, hexafluorosilicic acid)

4
Very short exposure could cause death or major residual injury (e.g. hydrogen cyanide, phosgene, methyl isocyanate, hydrofluoric acid)

text:
Instability/reactivity (yellow)

0
Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water (e.g. helium, N2)

1
Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures (e.g. propene)

2
Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water (e.g. white phosphorus, potassium, sodium)

3
Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition but requires a strong initiating source, must be heated under confinement before initiation, reacts explosively with water, or will detonate if severely shocked (e.g. ammonium nitrate, caesium, hydrogen peroxide)

4
Readily capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at normal temperatures and pressures (e.g. nitroglycerin, chlorine dioxide, nitrogen triiodide, chlorine trifluoride)

text:
Special notice (white)

The white "special notice" area can contain several symbols. The following symbols are defined by the NFPA 704 standard.

OX
Oxidizer, allows chemicals to burn without an air supply (e.g. potassium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, hydrogen peroxide).

₩
Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner (e.g. caesium, sodium, sulfuric acid).

SA
Simple asphyxiant gas. (e.g. hydrogen, nitrogen, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon).[2]

text:
Non-standard symbols (white)

These hazard codes are not part of the NFPA 704 standard, but are occasionally used in an unofficial manner. The use of non-standard codes may be permitted, required or disallowed by the authority having jurisdiction (e.g. fire department).

COR
ACID, ALK
Corrosive; strong acid or base (e.g. sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide)
Acid or alkaline, to be more specific

BIO or
Biological hazard (e.g. flu virus, rabies virus)

POI
Poisonous (e.g. strychnine, alpha-Amanitin)

RA, RAD or
Radioactive (e.g. plutonium, cobalt-60)

CRY or CRYO
Cryogenic (e.g. liquid nitrogen)


document_title: Mickey Horton

question_text: when did mickey horton die on days of our lives

root

text: Mickey Horton

text: Fictional character history[edit]

text: Mickey is the middle son of Tom and Alice Horton, he has other siblings: Tommy, Addie, Marie and, possibly his biggest rival, Bill Horton. In the first episode in 1965, Mickey was a lawyer in Salem, his father, Tom Horton found out that his granddaughter, Julie Olson (Mickey's niece) has stolen some fur from a clothes shop. Tom had to go to the police station and asked Mickey to go down with him to help with the legal side of things. Tom and Mickey did not inform Alice of where they were going. The women were busy discussing the wedding arrangements with Marie and Tony Meritt as they did not want to worry her. After a discussion at the police station with the police chief and Julie, they finally returned home.

tag: p

text: In 1965, Mickey started a relationship with Diane Hunter, whose divorce case Mickey was dealing with, and helped her to deal with her daughter Susan. Diane and her husband later got back together, mainly because of Susan, but in 1966, Laura Spencer arrived in Salem. Bill later set the two up and after the David Martin murder case they grew closer and became engaged. They married the next year. Mickey later tested to see if he was unable to have children but the results were forgotten about when he discovered that Laura was pregnant, however the father of this unborn child was not Mickey. Little did he know that his brother, Bill Horton had raped Laura in a drunken rage. When Tom saw the results of Mickey's test, he confronted Laura who lied and said that she had given in and slept with Bill. They agreed to keep quiet to protect the family. In November 1968, Michael William Horton was born and Mickey still had no clue.

text: Mickey later had an affair with his secretary, Linda Patterson, in 1970. After Mickey refused to leave Laura for her, Linda attempted suicide and broadcast her affair to the whole of Salem. However, Mickey and Laura stayed together for the sake of young Michael. When Michael learned of the affair, in 1973, he confronted Mickey, who suffered a heart attack. His brother, Dr. Bill Horton, performed a life saving operation which pulled Mickey through. However shortly after, Mickey suffered a stroke but managed to walk out of the hospital. However, he was left with amnesia and had forgotten a lot, including his name. Mickey invented a new name for himself: Marty Hanson, he walked out of Salem and was taken in by a crippled farm girl called Maggie Simmons they soon fell in love and married in January 1974. Mickey later saw operations being offered at Salem University Hospital for Maggie's disabilities. Later, after his picture appeared in the paper, Mickey was reunited with the Hortons, though he had no memory of them. Bill offered to operate on Mickey in hopes of returning his memory, but Mickey refused.

text: After Bill's operation on Maggie fails, Mickey pointed the finger at Bill for her inability to walk, although Laura told Mickey and Maggie the paralysis was mental now. Mickey promised Maggie she would walk again and her took her back home to her farm. Mickey then divorced Laura who had been having an affair with his brother, Bill. Then he and Maggie married in October 1974.

text: In 1976, Mickey learned that he was not Mike's biological father. After Mike suffered an accident on Maggie's farm, Mickey and Laura donated blood. When neither matched, Mickey realized he could not be Mike's father. Mickey looked through medical records, and when he found out his brother Bill was a match, all of Mickey's memory came back to him. Mickey then went to Linda Patterson and asked if Melissa could possibly be his child, and she told him no because he was unable to have children, according to Laura Horton. Angry at being lied to for years Mickey bought a gun and plotted to kill Bill, and when the two fought over the gun it went off, shooting Bill in the arm. After the fight, Mickey suffered a mental breakdown and was admitted to Bayview Sanitarium for a year. After Mickey was released, he and Maggie adopted Janice Barnes. In 1978, Janice was taken from Mickey and Maggie by her mother Joanna Barnes. Janice was found and went back to Mickey and Maggie, but Joanna accepted a job in Salem and stayed near her daughter. This relationship took its toll on Maggie, who began to drink heavily. Eventually Mickey and Maggie lost custody of Janice to her mother in 1979.

text: In 1981, Maggie agreed to be a surrogate mother for an anonymous donor. Maggie approached Neil, who performed the procedure which inseminated Maggie. Shortly after, Maggie tested as pregnant.

text: Mickey found out that the baby she was carrying was Evan Whyland's, and even when he confronted Maggie with the facts, Maggie stated that she still wanted to keep the baby no matter who the father was, so Mickey agreed to love it as it were his own child. In late 1981, baby Sarah Horton was born, and following a custody battle with Evan Whyland, Mickey and Maggie finally won custody of Sarah. Later Mickey and Maggie also got custody of Melissa Anderson who had run away from boarding school after the death of her adoptive sister, Mary. Linda had come back for the funeral, and attempted to remove Melissa from the Horton household, which made Mickey and Maggie decide to fight for custody of Melissa. Linda did not show up for the custody hearing, and the judge granted them permanent custody.

text: Mickey was kidnapped by Stefano DiMera after Mickey discovered that Stefano was blackmailing Evan and that Stefano was the mastermind behind Maggie's car accident. In 1983, Mickey escaped the DiMera island and arrived back in Salem to find that Maggie, believing Mickey was dead, was now having a relationship with Don Craig. The revelation gave Mickey a second heart attack, from which he eventually recovered. Maggie and Mickey divorced that year but Maggie soon realized that she was still in love with Mickey. Maggie left Salem for New York in the fall of 1984 after Linda Anderson had returned to make amends to her daughter, Melissa, but was really after Melissa's shares of Anderson. Her scheme failed, and Linda left Salem for good in late 1985, right after Maggie had returned from her year's sabbatical. Mickey was shot in a gang rumble and recovered at Maggie's house. Mickey and Maggie remarried in 1986.

text: Recent years[edit]

text: In 1988 Mickey ran for a seat in the Senate, and his rival was none other than Jack Deveraux. Jack was going out with Mickey's adoptive daughter Melissa, and even proposed to her. However, Melissa learned Jack was using her, and got rid of him.

text: Maggie and Mickey's marriage had hit rock bottom by 1990. Mickey was always at work and always disappointed Maggie and missed romantic meals with her. Maggie ended up in the arms of Neil Curtis. Maggie's daughter, Sarah, caught Maggie and Neil in the act and took photos of them together in bed for evidence. Sarah was ready to tell Mickey and reveal their secret, when Maggie and Neil revealed that Neil was Sarah's true father. Sarah still exposed them and the news destroyed Mickey. Though Mickey was frustrated and greatly hurt, he felt he was the reason for Maggie's affair. Mickey and Maggie repaired their marriage and Neil left Salem.

text: Mickey was usually seen whenever a Salem character had legal problems and needed an attorney. In 2003, Mickey was absolutely heart broken when he and Maggie were attacked in their home by the Salem Stalker; Mickey got stabbed with a scalpel but unfortunately Maggie was killed due to a blow to the head from a wine bottle. A few months onward, a confused Mickey was eventually released from his sorrow by Bonnie Lockhart, whom he married soon after, not before learning Maggie had not really died but her death had been faked and she had been kidnapped and trapped by the DiMeras, like the other Salem Stalker victims, in a plot to get rid of Salem's best-loved residents. Mickey was torn, because although Maggie was back, he was legally married to Bonnie since his marriage to Maggie was deemed invalid by her apparent death. After months of going back and forth between the two women, Mickey finally picked his original love, Maggie.

text: Over the past years, Mickey has been in Chicago covering several trials and has been rarely seen in Salem. On December 23, 2008 Mickey spent time with his mother Alice watching classic Christmas films at the Horton house. Mickey returns to Salem again on December 24, 2009, for the Horton Family Christmas sitting in the kitchen with Alice. On December 31, 2009, Mickey is unable to return to spend New Year's Eve in Salem and calls Maggie to let her know. During their conversation, Maggie and Mickey decided to spend more time in the new year. They plan to go on a cruise because Doug and Julie always tell them how beautiful they are. Maggie reflects on the great times she has shared with Mickey over the years. On January 5, 2010 Maggie tells Bo that Mickey will be returning home so they can go on a New Year's cruise.

text: Death[edit]

text: Mickey died from a heart attack while packing to go on a cruise with Maggie on January 8, 2010. Maggie found Mickey's body and came downstairs in shock. Hope came while Maggie was still in shock and noticed something was wrong, she went up stairs to check and called 911. The paramedic removed Mickey's body from the house. On January 14, 2010, the Hortons celebrated Mickey's life with a memorial service that brought together the entire family. His life and the love of his life, Maggie, were celebrated. His daughter, Melissa, returned to comfort her mother during this difficult time. In June, Mickey's mother, Alice Horton, died of natural causes. Maggie and Julie celebrated Alice's relationship with her son, Mickey.

text: Mickey's cases[edit]

text: Mickey Horton got a bad rep for never winning a case. He defended Salemnites for decades, many of his clients have ended up in jail for crimes they didn't commit. In the table, unless otherwise noted, Mickey represented the defendant. He spent a few years as assistant district attorney in the late 1980s.

text:
Year
Defendant
Accused crime/case
Verdict
Actual culprit
End result and other details

1966
Tom Horton
negligence in death of Carl Sawyer
case dismissed
none
Marie told the court just what had made Tom "unavoidably detained." She confessed to having attempted to commit suicide, and that thanks to Tom she was still alive. Because of Marie's testimony, it became clear to everyone that it had been impossible for Tom to visit Carl because he'd had an emergency happening in his own home. As a result, the case was dismissed.

1967
Susan Martin
murder of David Martin
acquitted on grounds of temporary insanity
Susan Martin
Mickey encouraged her to plead innocent by reason of insanity, but Susan plead guilty (by reason of insanity) instead. Then Susan escaped from prison, only to face Helen Martin, who was grief-stricken that her son was taken from her. Helen shot Susan in the chest. Susan survived but had a serious heart problem that Tom took care of later on.

1969
Bill Horton
causing the death of Kitty Horton
guilty of involuntary manslaughter—sentenced to five years in prison
Bill Horton
Bill refused to say exactly why he had gone to see Kitty the night that she suffered a heart attack (she had been blackmailing him with a taped conversation where Laura admitted that Michael was Bill's son), so they lost the case.

1976
Mickey Horton
attempted murder of Bill Horton (sanity hearing)
insane—sent to Bayview Sanitarium

Mickey defended himself at a sanity hearing following his attempt to kill Bill Horton. He pretended to be calm and rational, but he lost the case after Laura's testimony, which stated that Mickey was well enough to be treated at home rather than in a sanitarium, was thrown out because it wasn't objective. Mickey lost control at that moment and tried to strangle Bill. Thus, he was sent to Bayview Sanitarium

1978
Julie Williams
murder of Larry Atwood
case dismissed
Arlo Roberts
They entered an innocent plea but things went downhill when details of Julie's relationship with Larry and the rape came out. They would've lost the case if the real culprit, Arlo Roberts, had not confessed at the last minute.

1981
David Banning
attempted murder of Alex Marshall
guilty—sentenced to three years in prison
Eames, a hitman who worked for Stuart Whyland
David never had a chance. Not only did all the witnesses damage Mickey's case, but Alex Marshall woke up from his coma and said that David had shot him.

1987
**Kimberly Brady (represented by Chris Kositchek, prosecuted by Mickey)
murder of Emma Marshall
guilty
Gillian Forrester
Mickey and fellow DA Leslie Landman won when they sent Kim to jail. However, Shane eventually helped trap Gillian and she is still in prison for the crime

1987
**Steve Johnson
murder of Duke Johnson
case dismissed
Adrienne Johnson
Mickey was the prosecutor in this case. During the trial, Adrienne finally remembered that she had killed Duke in self-defense, after he had raped her.

1988
Melissa Anderson
poisoning Kayla Deveraux
charged dropped
Harper Deveraux
Mickey represented Melissa when she was accused of poisoning Kayla. Harper Deveraux was the one who really poisoned Kayla, because he felt Kayla had betrayed Jack by being with Steve. Kayla later had the charges dropped.

1989
**Sally Wales
attempted robbery of Brady Fish Market
guilty—sentenced to 10 years in prison
Sally Wales
Mickey was the prosecutor in this case. Sally was a homeless teen who had held people at gunpoint at the Brady Fish Market so that she could be arrested and have her child in prison. Mickey was able to get the maximum penalty of 10 years in prison.

1989
**Cal Winters
attempted murder of Roman Brady
case dismissed
Diana Colville
Mickey was the prosecutor in this case. The case was dismissed when Diana remembered that she shot Roman.

1990
Kayla Brady
murder of Marina Toscano
guilty—sentenced to 10 years in prison
Isabella Toscano
Mickey was no longer D.A. so he defended Kayla in this case. The decision was later overturned when it was discovered that the real culprit was Isabella Toscano.

1990
Isabella Toscano
murder of Marina Toscano
innocent (self-defense)
Isabella Toscano
Isabella was found INNOCENT, after it was established that Isabella had acted in self-defense.

1990
Bo Brady
being the Riverfront Raider
guilty
Bo Brady (with help from Emmy Borden)
The day after Christmas, Bo's hearing took place. Mickey Horton asked Carly to testify on behalf of Bo. Emmy, who was madly in love with Bo, was asked to testify against him. She had to tell the judge exactly what Bo had done and she felt awful about this. After her testimony things didn't look too good for Bo. According to Mickey, Bo could go to jail for a long time. But then Carly took the stand and told the judge about Bo's personal circumstances at the time of his criminal activities. She told her about Hope's death and about Shawn D's accident, which was caused by Jencon. She also told the judge that no-one believed that Bo should be punished for what he had done. They all thought he was a hero. After hearing this, the judge decided to let Bo off with a one-year probation and 1000 hours of community work.

1991
Lawrence Alamain (represented by Gregory Marchand, Jennifer represented by Mickey)
rape of Jennifer Horton
guilty—6 months in prison
Lawrence Alamain

1992
Salem University Hospital
wrongful death of Dean Lombard
hospital not responsible
none
Mickey represented the hospital when it was sued by the Lombard family for the wrongful death of Dean Lombard. He won the case by establishing that Dean had a pre-existing medical condition that caused his death.

1994
Billie Reed
murder of Curtis Brown (Reed)
case dismissed
Stefano DiMera
Mickey almost lost the case. Just as the judge was about to pass sentence, Bo Brady decided to play attorney and helped her remember that Stefano DiMera had killed Curtis. The case against Billie was dismissed.

1995-96
John Black
murder of Tony DiMera
guilty
Tony, self-inflicted gunshot wound
John was in the gas chamber when Jack and Jennifer came in with evidence to save him. Years later it was discovered that it wasn't actually Tony who committed suicide. It was actually his cousin Andre DiMera.

1998
Jack Deveraux
murder of Peter Blake
guilty
Peter wasn't really dead
Jack went to jail, but escaped with Jennifer's help. They went on the run and Peter went after him. After staging Jennifer's "death," they were able to prove that Peter was still alive.

1998-99
Sami Brady
murder of Franco Kelly
guilty
Lucas Roberts
Sami was sentenced to death, but in reality Lucas killed Franco, who was attempting to murder his mother Kate. To protect her son, Kate framed Sami for the murder, but to save Sami she had Franco's dying friend Roberto Barelli confess to the killing on his deathbed freeing Sami and letting Lucas off the hook.

1998-99
Sami Brady
custody battle over Will Roberts
Lucas won custody of the boy
none

Year?
Mike Horton
sexual harassment of Ali McIntyre

the hospital board investigated this incident

2002
Bo and Hope Brady
custody of JT Brady
Glen Reiber won custody
none

2003
Shawn Douglas Brady
murder of Colin Murphy

2004
Tony DiMera
murder of Roman Brady
Case Dismissed
Marlena Evans

tag: table

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Mickey and Maggie first married in January 1974; however the marriage was invalid because he was still legally married to Laura. Laura and Mickey divorced in October 1974, and Mickey and Maggie were remarried that same month. Their divorce was finalized in January 1984.

tag: ol


document_title: West Coast of the United States

question_text: los angeles is east coast or west coast

question_tokens: los angeles is east coast or west coast

text: West Coast of the United States

text: Population[edit]

text: As of the 2010 Census, the estimated population of the Census Bureau's Pacific Region was approximately 47.8 million (56.9 million if Nevada and Arizona are included) – about 15.3% (18.2% with Nevada and Arizona) of US population.[2] The largest city on the west coast of the United States is Los Angeles.

text: Major cities[edit]

text: Major cities and metropolitan areas on the West Coast include (from north to south):

text:
Spokane metropolitan area

Spokane
Spokane Valley

Seattle metropolitan area

Seattle
Bellevue
Tacoma

Portland metropolitan area

Portland
Gresham
Vancouver

Sacramento metropolitan area

Sacramento

San Francisco Bay Area

San Francisco
Oakland
San Jose

Stockton
Modesto
Fresno
Inland Empire

San Bernardino
Riverside

Los Angeles metropolitan area

Los Angeles
Long Beach
Anaheim

San Diego

tag: ul

text: However, of these aforementioned cities and metropolitan areas, only Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Francisco, and San Diego are directly on the open Pacific Ocean.

text: History[edit]

text: The history of the West Coast begins with the arrival of the earliest known humans of the Americas, Paleo-Indians, crossing the Bering Strait from Eurasia into North America over a land bridge, Beringia, that existed between 45,000 BCE and 12,000 BCE (47,000–14,000 years ago). Small isolated groups of hunter-gatherers migrated alongside herds of large herbivores far into Alaska. Between 16,500 BCE and 13,500 BCE (18,500–15,500 years ago), ice-free corridors developed along the Pacific coast and valleys of North America and possibly by sea.[3]

text: Alaska Natives, indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, and California indigenous peoples eventually descended from the Paleo-Indians. They developed various languages and established trade routes.[citation needed]

text: Later, Spanish, British, French, Russian, and American explorers and settlers began colonizing the area.[citation needed]

text: Climate[edit]

text: The West Coast of the United States has an oceanic climate in its Northern edge towards the Canada–US border, but from the California border towards the Mexico–US border the climate is mediterranean. The coastline sees significantly mild temperatures when compared to the inland areas during summer. In far Northern California there is a difference of 17 °C (30 °F) between Eureka and Willow Creek in spite of only 25 miles (40 km) separating the locations and Willow Creek being located at a 500 metres (1,600 ft) elevation. Slightly narrower fluctuations can be seen all through the coastline, and could partially be explained by the cold currents in the Pacific Ocean moderating coastal temperatures and the mountain ranges blocking the maritime air from moving farther inland than its foothills during summer. Coastal fog is also prevalent in keeping shoreline temperatures cool. This does not only occur in the San Francisco Bay Area, but it also affects Santa Monica in Los Angeles, Southern California, with very little yearly temperature differences but with cool summers similar to those expected in Northern Europe. A short journey inland and summer temperatures are compatible with the rest of the United States on the same latitudes, sometimes warmer due to prevailing winds from the Nevada and Arizona hot desert climate.

text: Culture[edit]

text: Since the West Coast has been populated by immigrants more recently than the East Coast, its culture is considerably younger. Additionally, its demographic composition underlies its cultural difference from the rest of the United States. California's history first as a major Spanish colony, and later Mexican territory, has given the lower West Coast a distinctive Hispanic tone, which it also shares with the rest of the Southwest. Similarly, two of the three cities in which Asian Americans have concentrated, San Francisco and Los Angeles,[4][5][6] are located on the West Coast, with significant populations in other West Coast cities. San Francisco's Chinatown, the oldest in North America, is a vibrant cultural center[citation needed].

text: The West Coast also has a proportionally large share of green cities within the United States, which manifests itself in different cultural practices such as bicycling and organic gardening.[7]

text: On the other hand, the French writer Guillaume Faye, comparing California to Europe, wrote that "as super-America, California stands out as the absolute antithesis of authentic Europe[...] California has set itself up as the world centre of the simulacrum and the inauthentic, as the absolute synthesis of "cool" Stalinism. An hysterical land; focus and meeting-place for the rootless, California is the land of non-history, of the non-event, but at the same time the site of the constant swirl, the uninterrupted rhythm of fashion, that is to say, the site of tremors going nowhere, those tremors which so obsess it, constantly threatened as it is by earthquakes."[8] Other writers, like Jean Baudrillard, Mike Davis, and Umberto Eco, have made related statements on Californian culture.[9][10][11]

text: In the Northwest, Portland and Seattle are both considered among the coffee capitals of the world.[12] While Starbucks originated in Seattle, both towns are known for small-scale coffee roasters and independent coffeeshops. In the Pacific Northwest at large, which includes the Canadian west coast, the culture has been significantly shaped by the environment, especially by its forests, mountains, and rain. This may account for the fact that the Northwest has many high-quality libraries and bookshops (most notably Powell's Books and the Seattle Central Library) and a "bibliophile soul".[13] The region also has a marginal, but growing independence movement based on bioregionalism and a Cascadian identity.[14] The Cascadian flag has become a popular image at Seattle Sounders and Portland Timbers games.


document_title: List of rivers of Poland

question_text: what is the longest river in poland called

text: List of rivers of Poland

text: Following is a list of rivers, which are at least partially, if not predominantly located within Poland.[1]

text: Rivers by length[edit]

text: For list of rivers in alphabetical order, please use table-sort buttons.

text:
29 longest rivers in Poland

River name
Emptying into
Total length
(in km)
Length in Poland
(in km)
Total basin area
(in km2)
Basin area
in Poland
(in km2)

Vistula
Baltic Sea
1047
1047
194,424
168,699

Oder
Baltic Sea
854
742
118,861
106,056

Warta
Oder
808
808
54,529
54,529

Bug
Narew
772
587
39,420
19,284

Narew
Vistula
484
448
75,175
53,873

San
Vistula
443
443
16,861
14,390

Noteć
Warta
388
388
17,330
17,330

Pilica
Vistula
319
319
9,273
9,273

Wieprz
Vistula
303
303
10,415
10,415

Bóbr
Oder
272
270
5,876
5,830

Łyna
Pregolya
264
190
7,126
5,719

Nysa Łużycka
Oder
252
198
4,297
2,197

Wkra
Narew
249
249
5,322
5,322

Dunajec
Vistula
274
247
6,804
4,852

Brda
Vistula
238
238
4,627
4,627

Prosna
Warta
217
217
4,925
4,925

Drwęca
Vistula
207
207
5,344
5,344

Wisłok
San
205
205
3,528
3,528

Wda (Czarna Woda)
Vistula
198
198
2,325
2,325

Drawa
Noteć
186
186
3,296
3,296

Nysa Kłodzka
Oder
182
182
4,566
3,744

Poprad
Dunajec
170
63
2,077
483

Pasłęka
Vistula Bay, Baltic Sea
169
169
2,294
2,294

Rega
Baltic Sea
168
168
2,725
2,725

Bzura
Vistula
166
166
7,788
7,788

Wisłoka
Vistula
164
164
4,110
4,110

Obra
Warta
164
164
2,758
2,758

Biebrza
Narew
155
155
7,057
7,051

Nida
Vistula
151
151
3,865
3,865

Wisznia
San and Dniester
100
15
.
.

text: River system[edit]

text:
Baltic Sea

Oder (Odra)

Warta

Noteć

Drawa

Obra
Prosna

Nysa Łużycka
Bóbr
Nysa Kłodzka
Świniec

Niemica
Wołcza
Stuchowska Struga

Rega
Parsęta
Wieprza
Słupia
Łeba
Reda
Pasłęka

Baltic Sea

Vistula (Wisła)

Wda
Brda
Drwęca
Bzura
Narew

Wkra
Bug
Biebrza

Pilica
Wieprz
San

Wisłok

Wisłoka
Nida
Dunajec

Poprad

Hydrography of Poland


document_title: Student of the Year

question_text: student of the year movie shooting in which college

text: Student of the Year

text: Plot[edit]

text: Former principal Dean Yogendra Vashisht (Rishi Kapoor) has aged and fallen ill. He desires to see the students from his last batch, who were part of the "Student of the Year" competition. Some former students arrive to the hospital to meet the Dean and talk about their regrets from ten years ago in college. They hold themselves responsible for the lively Dean having falling ill. The film then goes into a flashback set ten years back at the college.

text: The richest and most popular guy in the college, Rohan "Ro" Nanda (Varun Dhawan), is the son of a huge business tycoon Ashok Nanda (Ram Kapoor). His father wants him to be a businessman like him and disagrees with his passion for music. Shanaya Singhania (Alia Bhatt), a fashion addict and the most popular girl in the campus is Rohan's girlfriend. She is unsatisfied with her family, as her mother constantly divorces and marries rich men. Shanaya gets upset with Rohan's regular flirting with Tanya Israni (Sana Saeed), another student. Abhimanyu "Abhi" Singh (Sidharth Malhotra) arrives at the college and becomes the classy new heartthrob. Abhi becomes the most popular guy in the college. He plays the role of the perfect student and a perfect man. He is an orphan from a middle-class family, and lives with his aunt, uncle and grandmother. His dream is to become a big business tycoon like Ashok. Rohan and Abhimanyu argue at first but soon become best friends. Rohan introduces Shanaya to Abhimanyu, warning Abhimanyu not to get involved with her romantically.

text: Abhimanyu is invited to Rohan's elder brother's destination wedding in Thailand, which Shanaya and other rich family friends are attending as well. In Thailand, Shanaya sees Tanya and Rohan flirting again and gets even more upset when Rohan is rude to her and sides with Tanya. Abhimanyu tells her that they can teach Rohan to respect his girlfriend. At a party, Shanaya openly flirts with Abhimanyu, attempting to make Rohan jealous. The plan works but Rohan discovers she did this to get him back on track.

text: On the wedding day, Rohan apologises to her and is easily forgiven while Abhimanyu realises that he is in love with Shanaya. They head back to India, where the "Student Of The Year" competition, which determines the best student with good logical thinking and is a good sportsperson, commences. First round is the quiz in which Rohan, Abhi and most of their friends win. The second round is the treasure hunt. Abhimanyu and Shanaya's team wins the hunt, though Rohan's team also qualifies. Abhimanyu's grandmother falls sick and eventually dies. Shanaya stands by him during this difficult time. Upset, Abhimanyu sends Shanaya away, but now she is also attracted to him, stays back and they happen to kiss. Rohan sees this and is heartbroken, becoming enemies and fighting with Abhimanyu.

text: In the third round, the Prom, a confused Shanaya picks Rohan's friend Jeet Khurana (Sahil Anand) as her partner as she can't choose between Abhimanyu and Rohan. Rohan, who disowns Jeet and ends his friendship with him, goes with Tanya and Abhimanyu with Shanaya's ex best friend Shruti Pathak (Manasi Rachh) when she has a spat with Shanaya. Shanaya is disqualified for leaving the dance before it ends. The last round of the competition is a triathlon. Abhimanyu is winning but sees how Ashok doesn't want Rohan to win. He intentionally slows down and lets Rohan win. In the award ceremony, Yogi is abused by a drunken friend of theirs, Kaizad "Sudo" Sodabottleopenerwala (Kayoze Irani) due to which he eventually retires.

text: In the present, Rohan is a pop star but single. Abhimanyu and Shanaya are now married and Abhimanyu in the present day is now a successful investment banker. They all see each other after coming to meet their principal, Abhimanyu and Rohan have a fight and let out everything they were holding back for ten years. They then unite after Rohan discovers the truth about the triathlon leading  both of them to realize how important friendship is.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sidharth Malhotra as Abhimanyu Singh
Varun Dhawan as Rohan Nanda
Alia Bhatt as Shanaya Singhania
Sana Saeed  as Tanya Israni
Rishi Kapoor as Dean Yogendra Vashishth
Sahil Anand as Jeet Khurana
Manasi Rachh as Shruti Pathak
Kayoze Irani as Kaizad "Sudo" Sodabottleopenerwala
Manjot Singh as Dimpy
Ronit Roy as Coach Shah
Ram Kapoor as Ashok Nanda
Gautami Kapoor as Gayatri Nanda
Farida Jalal as Abhimanyu's grandmother
Akshay Anand as Abhimanyu's uncle
Manini Mishra as Geeta Singh (Abhimanyu's aunt)
Prachi Shah as Coach Shah's wife
Nandini Sen as Shanaya's mother
Boman Irani as Harikishan Sanan
Abdul Quadir Amin as Friend
Sushma Seth in a cameo appearance as Yogendra's mother
Farah Khan in a guest appearance as a judge in "The Disco Song"
Vaibhavi Merchant in a guest appearance as a judge in "The Disco Song"
Kajol in a guest appearance in "The Disco Song"

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On 5 January 2011, Karan Johar uploaded the first look poster of the new film on the micro-blogging website Twitter.[6] Student of the Year marks the debuts of Alia Bhatt, the daughter of filmmaker Mahesh Bhatt, Varun Dhawan, the son of director David Dhawan, Sidharth Malhotra, Boman Irani's son Kayoze Irani and Kuch Kuch Hota Hai fame Sana Saeed (role of "Anjali" as the daughter of Shah Rukh Khan and Rani Mukerji).

text: Malhotra and Dhawan had previously worked as assistant directors under Johar during the making of the 2010 film My Name Is Khan.[7] Rishi Kapoor played a gay dean.

text: The first official trailer was released on 2 August 2012. Karan Johar later tweeted saying that the film will be released on 19 October 2012.[8]

text: Filming[edit]

text: On 16 August 2011, director Karan Johar took the Mahurat shot and Mumbai socialite Parmeshwar Godrej rolled the cameras.[9] Some parts of the movie were shot in Kashmir and Dehradun (Forest Research Institute, Dehradun).[10] The external view of the school was taken from Kasiga School Dehradun,[11] whose name was changed to St. Teresa. The hospital scenes were filmed outside The Lalit Grand Palace, Srinagar. The film was also shot in Thailand.[12] Rob Miller of ReelSports, who had worked with Shahrukh Khan on Chak De! India, was hired to direct the sports action in Student of the Year.

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The film targeted viewers with contest-based marketing. Stressing 'competition' which would make up for a significant part of the movie, contests such as the 'Nano Student of the Year', 'The Buddy of the Year' and 'FedEx International Student of the Year' were launched targeting students across the country.

text: Tata Motors, on-ground promotion partner for the movie, launched the 'Nano Student of the Year' contest for all college students in India.[13] In the first round students were judged on four parameters; namely, academics, culture, sports and social life. The top eight finalists would compete for the 'Nano Student of the Year' title.[14] The contest was held across India in mid-September 2012.

text: The production house partnered with FedEx Express announcing a special 'FedEx Student Offer' and launch of 'FedEx International Student of the Year' campaign. It was aimed at individuals in India applying for higher education abroad. Student of the Year was promoted across non-fiction properties such as Kaun Banega Crorepati on Sony Entertainment Television and Jhalak Dikhhla Jaa and Bigg Boss on Colors. Radio stations such as Red FM, Radio City, Big FM were used for the promotion of the film and its music.[15]

text: Pre-release business[edit]

text: The satellite rights of Student of the Year were sold with Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani for ₹500 million (US$7.3 million) together to Sony Entertainment Television.[16] The music rights were sold to Sony Music for a sum of ₹70 million (US$1.0 million).[17]

text: Post-release box office[edit]

text: Critics were apprehensive of the success of the film as several hyped movies have flopped over the years. Also, the movie had a very high price tag and newcomers starred in the movie.[18] However, the film took a thunderous start at the box office, becoming the biggest non-starcast opener ever in Bollywood.[19] The movie surpassed trade expectations and caused profit to both makers and distributors in the first week itself. It remained the highest grossing non-starcast film in Bollywood until its record was broken by Aashiqui 2.[20]

text: India[edit]

text: Student of the Year had a good opening at multiplexes while little lower at single screens due to limited release where it had collected ₹74.8 million (US$1.1 million) on its opening day.[21][22] The film showed good growth on its second day and collected ₹85.0 million (US$1.2 million) nett.[23] Student of the Year collected a good figure of around ₹253 million (US$3.7 million) at the end of its first weekend.[24] It did very well and collected ₹431 million (US$6.3 million) nett in its first week.[25] The film had a moderate second weekend where it earned around ₹80 million (US$1.2 million) nett.[26] Student of the Year had a drop in its second and third week where it had collected ₹140 million (US$2.0 million) and ₹32.5 million (US$470,000) respectively to make a total of ₹633 million (US$9.2 million) in three weeks.[27][28]

text: As per the latest updates, Student of the Year stands at an all India collection of ₹700 million (US$10 million) after four weeks run at the box office.[29]

text: Overseas[edit]

text: Student of the Year collected about US$1.25 million, which Box Office India thought was a poor showing for having been released on 300 screens.[30] It collected around  $1.85 million in ten days. The film fell in the second week in most markets.[31] Student of the Year closed at around  million in overseas markets.[32]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave 4/5 stars, saying, "Student of the Year is a love story that traverses the trodden path. But KJo is an artisan with intellect and taste and he ensures that the script is spruced up and modernized with such elan that it doesn't offend the spectator's wisdom or intelligence. The accomplished director takes on familiar material and gives it an entirely new twirl. This is escapist cinema at its best! On the whole, Student of the Year is amongst Karan Johar's most accomplished works. The youth brigade would love it and those who have already passed that age would want to revisit those days. This one's entertainment, entertainment and entertainment at its best. Clearly, KJo has a winner on hands, yet again!"[33] Komal Nahta also gave it 4/5 calling it a "supremely entertaining" movie.[34] Raedita Tandon of Filmfare gave it a 4/5 stars stating "All in all, Karan’s SOTY world is surreal and spectacular yet it has moments that will bring you back to reality and warm the cockles of your heart. This is escapism at its best."[35] Joginder Tuteja of Indiaglitz gave the movie 4/5 stars and commented,"With a fun outing like Student of the Year, Karan Johar has proven once again that he can fluctuate between making a relatively serious film like 'My Name Is Khan' and come back to candy floss youth entertainer in the mode of 'Kuch Kuch Hota Hai'.  With an eye on some lavish entertainment translating on screen and bringing new talent to the industry, 'Student of the Year' is a winner." Madhureeta Mukherjee of The Times of India gave the film 3.5/5 stars, stating that "Student of the Year takes you back to your books and sinks you in true-blue Bollywood syllabus, following the 'formula' – Two boys, one girl, one glorious trophy and lots of testosterone. It is larger-than-life, colourful, lavish, beautifully shot and directed. With medleys, dance, drama and everything good-looking (from cast to couches, dorms to discos)."[36] Indicine gave it 3.5/5 stars, commenting "Overall, there isn’t a dull moment in Student of the Year. It has something in it for everyone – romance, action, entertainment, good performances and catchy music. Go for it."[37] Social Movie rating site MOZVO gave it a score of 3.7/5 putting it in the recommended category.[38]

text: Rajeev Masand of IBNLive gave it 3/5 stars and wrote, "Nitpickings aside, this is a breezy, enjoyable film by a director who knows his craft." He remarked, "If fun is what you’re seeking, you won't be disappointed."[39] Giving the film 3/5 stars, Anupama Chopra of Hindustan Times wrote, "Karan Johar's forte is excess. He creates fantastical worlds brimming with beautiful people and expensive things and yet anchors them in high emotion. His films work as both designer porn and soap opera." She also praised the performance of the cast.[40] Sukanya Verma of Rediff gave 3/5 stars, commenting that "Student of the Year is no Kuch Kuch Hota Hai but Karan Johar makes it look good."[41] Rubina A Khan of The First Post gave the film 3/5 stars, stating that "Student of the Year is not KJo's finest work. Sure, it’s got all the elements of finesse and expansive production values that his films are known for, but he has also been very pivotal in directing and producing films with engaging stories in the past."[42] Nabanita of Oneindia gave it 3/5 commenting "Student of the Year is a youthful and interesting movie that deserves a thumps up. Three cheers for this."[43] India Today also gave the film a rating of 3/5.[44] Sify awarded it 3/5 stars saying, "So there you have it – a fun, frothy film that won't insult your intelligence and sensibility. Worth a watch!"[45]

text: Roshni Devi of Koimoi gave it 2.5/5 stars, praising the performances. Kanika Sikka of DNA India gave 2.5/5 stars, concluding that "Student of the Year is not something you would want to miss if the surreal setting with bubble gum romance is your calling. The performances make this film a great watch."[46] Saibal Chatterjee of NDTV gave the film 2.5/5 stars, commenting that "Student of the Year definitely isn't the film of the year. But if you like your entertainment to be served up with glitzy but pulpy garnishing, pirouette your way to the nearest screen by all means."[47] Ananya Bhattacharya of Zee News gave the film 2/5 stars, saying that "Student of the Year is worth a watch only for the debutantes. They have really pulled off a tough task of playing praiseworthy roles in a film which suffers from the lack-of-a-story syndrome."[48]

text: Home media[edit]

text: A two-disc DVD set was released on 24 December 2012 which contains making of the film, song, and deleted scenes.  Bollywood Hungama gave the DVD 4/5 stars.[49]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Student of the YearSoundtrack album by Vishal-ShekharReleased
31 August 2012Genre
Film soundtrackLength
30:24Label
Sony Music IndiaProducer
Karan JoharVishal-Shekhar chronology

Shanghai(2012)Shanghai2012

Student of the Year(2012)

Gippi(2013)Gippi2013

text: The soundtrack was composed by Vishal-Shekhar with the lyrics penned by Anvita Dutt Guptan. "The Disco Song" is a revamped cover version of "Disco Deewane" (1981) by Pakistani pop singer Nazia Hassan,[50] incorporating her vocals along with those of Sunidhi Chauhan and Benny Dayal.[51]

text: Track listNo.TitleSinger(s)Length1."The Disco Song"Benny Dayal,  Nazia Hassan, Sunidhi Chauhan5:422."Ishq Wala Love"Shekhar Ravjiani, Salim Merchant, Neeti Mohan4:183."Radha"Shreya Ghoshal, Udit Narayan, Vishal Dadlani, Shekhar Ravjiani5:414."Ratta Maar"Vishal Dadlani, Shefali Alvares3:305."Kukkad"Shahid Mallya, Nisha Mascarenhas4:226."Vele"Shekhar Ravjiani, Vishal Dadlani3:507."Mashup of the Year"Various artists, DJ Kiran Kamath3:02Total length:30:24

text: Critical reception of soundtrack[edit]

text: Joginder Tuteja of Bollywood Hungama gave the album 4/5 stars, saying that "Student of the Year is a winner all the way with Vishal Shekhar (yet again) justifying their stance of doing a few films but lending quality sound to it. They create the kind of score which totally compliments the mood of the campus setting without straying even once."[52] IANS of CNN-IBN gave the album 4/5 stars, concluding that "The soundtrack of Student of the Year is a good mix with very minor flaws that can surely be ignored to enjoy the music that perfectly describes the mood of the movie."[53] Satyajit of Yahoo! gave the album 3.5/5 stars, stating that "Student of the Year is complete youthful musical entertainment, an album that brings all the positive elements of a typical Karan Johar entertainer. Vishal Shekhar delivers a potential winner this time."[54]

text: The romantic track "Ishq Wala Love" became the biggest hit of the album concluded by "Radha" and "Disco Song".[55] On 26 September 2012, The Times of India reported that the soundtrack was "appealing to people of all tastes and there's something for everyone in it".[56]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Student of the Year won several awards, particularly for its direction, performances of the lead actors, and music.

text:
List of awards and nominations
hide

Ceremony

Category

Recipient

Result

8th Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award[57]

President's Honour

Karan Johar

Won

Best Actor in a Comic Role

Rishi Kapoor

Nominated

Best Female Debut

Alia Bhatt

Nominated

Best Male Debut

Sidharth Malhotra

Nominated

Best Male Debut

Varun Dhawan

Nominated

Best Choreographer

Farah Khan (for the song "Radha")

Nominated

Best Female Playback Singer

Neeti Mohan (for the song "Ishq Wala Love")

Nominated

58th Filmfare Awards[58][59]

Best Music Director

Vishal-Shekhar

Nominated

Best Debutant – Male

Sidharth Malhotra

Nominated

Best Debutant – Male

Varun Dhawan

Nominated

Best Debutant – Female

Alia Bhatt

Nominated

RD Burman Award

Neeti Mohan (for the song "Ishq Wala Love")

Won

Lions Gold Awards[60]

Favourite Debut-Male

Varun Dhawan

Won

Favourite Debut-Female

Alia Bhatt

Won

5th Mirchi Music Awards[61][62]

Song of The Year

"Radha"

Nominated

Album of the Year

Student of the Year

Nominated

Listener's Choice Album of the Year

Student of the Year

Won

Listener's choice Song of the Year

"Radha"

Won

Stardust Awards[63][64]

Dream Director

Karan Johar

Won

Film of The Year

Student of the Year

Nominated

Superstar of Tomorrow – Female

Alia Bhatt

Nominated

Superstar of Tomorrow – Male

Sidharth Malhotra

Nominated

Superstar of Tomorrow – Male

Varun Dhawan

Nominated

Best Male Debut

Sidharth Malhotra and Varun Dhawan

Won

New Musical Sensation Singer – Female

Neeti Mohan (for the song "Ishq Wala Love")

Nominated

Times of India Film Awards[65][66][67]

Best Debut Female

Alia Bhatt

Nominated

Best Debut Male

Sidharth Malhotra

Nominated

Best Debut Male

Varun Dhawan

Nominated

Best Music Director

Vishal-Shekhar

Nominated

South Africa India Film And Television Awards[68]

Most Promising Newcomer- Female

Alia Bhatt

Nominated

Most Promising Newcomer- Male

Sidharth Malhotra

Won

Most Promising Newcomer- Male

Varun Dhawan

Nominated

Film of the Year

Student of the Year

Nominated

Most Popular Song

Radha

Nominated

Supporting Actor of the Year

Rishi Kapoor

Nominated


document_title: New York City Civil Court

question_text: civil court of the city of new york jurisdictional limit

text: New York City Civil Court

text: Jurisdiction[edit]

text: The Civil Court has monetary jurisdiction up to $25,000, including replevin when the value of the chattel does not exceed that amount, real property actions such as partitions, and foreclosures within the monetary limit, and also has equity jurisdiction limited to real property actions, ejectment actions, and actions to rescind or reform a contract not involving more than the $25,000 jurisdictional limit.[7]

text: Structure[edit]

text:
New York State Unified Court System

Court of Appeals
Supreme Court, Appellate Division
Supreme Court
Court of Claims
Surrogate's Court
Family Court
County Court
District Court
New York City: Civil, Criminal
Justice courts
This box:

view
talk
edit

text: The court's divisions are by each county (borough).[6] In each division there are a number of court parts established by the Chief Administrative Judge:[8]

text:
Housing part (housing court), for actions and proceedings involving the enforcement of state and local laws for the establishment and maintenance of housing standards, including but not limited to the Multiple Dwelling Law and the housing maintenance code, building code and health code of the New York City Administrative Code.[9]
Small claims parts (small claims court), for the hearing and disposition of all small claims proceedings.
Calendar part, for the maintaining and calling of a calendar of cases, and for the hearing and disposition of all motions and applications, including orders to show cause and applications for adjournments, in civil actions that have been placed on a reserve or ready calendar but not yet assigned to a trial part.
Trial part, for the trial of civil actions and for the hearing and determination of all motions and applications, including orders to show cause, made after an action is assigned to a trial part.
Motion part, for the hearing and determination of motions and applications that are not otherwise required to be made in a calendar part, trial part or conference part.
Conference part, for the precalendar or pretrial conference of actions.
Multipurpose part, for the performance of the functions of a calendar part, a trial part, a motion part, a conference part, as well as other special parts of court.

text: Officers[edit]

text: Judges[edit]

text: New York City Civil Court judges are elected countywide or from districts to 10-year terms, with vacancies filled by the mayor and service continuing until the last day of December after next election.[5][10][11][1][9][12][13] A candidate needs to file petitions to be considered a candidate for a political party's nomination in the general election; petitions containing 4,000 signatures are needed for a county-wide seat, and petitions containing 1,500 signatures are necessary for a district seat.[12]

text: Party leaders frequently designate candidates for the Civil Court judgeships, who then face an open primary against others who qualify for the ballot.[citation needed] The party machine usually manages to elect most of its judicial candidates.[citation needed]

text: Housing Part judges are appointed by the Chief Administrative Judge to five-year terms.[1][9][12][13] Civil Court or Family Court Judges may be assigned by the New York Chief Judge to the Supreme Court and are referred to as "Acting Supreme Court Judges".[14] The Chief Judge of New York, in consultation with the Chief Administrative Judge, Administrative Judges, Supervising Judges and the Presiding Justice of the relevant Appellate Division, assigns judges to sit in the county in which they were selected or another county, for example a judge elected to New York City Civil Court in Manhattan could be assigned to Family Court in the Bronx, although an acting Supreme Court judge is usually assigned to the county in which they were elected.[14]

text: Arbitrators[edit]

text: With the consent of the parties, a volunteer arbitrator hears and decides disputes in small claims parts.[15] Over 2800 arbitrators preside over 95% of the cases heard in small claims parts.[15] They are appointed by the administrative judge of the court.[16]

text: Tenant blacklist[edit]

text: Landlords in New York City may use a blacklist of persons who have appeared in housing court as a plaintiff or defendant.[17] Known among housing advocates and lawyers as the tenant blacklist, it is compiled by tenant-screening database companies from housing court records.

text: History[edit]

text: In 1759, so-called justices' courts held by the mayor, recorder or an alderman could try cases in controversy of not more than £5.[18] In 1781, they were replaced by assistant justices' courts held by associate justices appointed by the governor.[18] In 1787, these were replaced by assistant justices with the power of justices of the peace in other counties.[18] In 1797, these were replaced with justices of the peace for the city and county of New York and were constituted as one court.[18]

text: In 1807-1808 these were replaced by justices' courts and assistants justices' courts.[18] In 1819, the justices' courts were replaced by the marine court of the city of New York, and in 1883 was renamed as the City Court of the City of New York.[18][19] In 1852, the assistant justices' courts were renamed as the District Courts in the City of New York, and by the city charter in 1897 the district courts of New York City and justices' courts of Brooklyn and Long Island City were consolidated into the Municipal Court of the City of New York.[18][20] In 1962, the City Court of the City of New York and the Municipal Court of the City of New York were consolidated and replaced by the current Civil Court.[3]

text: Notable judges[edit]

text: Robin Garson, wife of Gerald Garson, former NY Supreme Court Justice


document_title: All the Money in the World

question_text: where is all the money in the world filmed

text: All the Money in the World

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1973, 16-year-old John Paul Getty III (Charlie Plummer) (AKA Paul), grandson of oil tycoon J. Paul Getty (Christopher Plummer) who was at that time the world's richest private citizen, is kidnapped in Rome by an organized crime ring. The kidnappers demand a ransom of $17 million. Flashbacks show that Paul's parents, Gail Harris (Michelle Williams) and John Paul Getty Jr. (Andrew Buchan), were divorced in 1971 due to Getty Jr.'s drug addiction and that Gail rejected any alimony in exchange for full custody of her children in the divorce settlement; therefore she does not have the means to pay the ransom. She travels to Getty's estate to beseech him to pay the ransom but he refuses, stating that it would encourage further kidnappings on his family members. The media picks up on the story, with many believing Gail to be rich herself and blaming her for the refusal to pay the ransom. Meanwhile, Getty asks Fletcher Chace (Mark Wahlberg), a Getty Oil negotiator and former CIA operative, to investigate the case and secure Paul's release.

text: Paul is kept hostage in a remote location in Italy. Initially his captors, particularly Cinquanta (Romain Duris), are tolerant with him because his quiet and submissive demeanor causes them few problems. However, things grow increasingly tense as weeks go by without the ransom being paid, far longer than the captors anticipated. Arguments arise over whether to move Paul to a new location as winter is approaching and their hideout is not suitable for cold conditions. Things get worse when one of the kidnappers accidentally shows his face to Paul, prompting one of the others to kill the man for his foolish mistake. His burned and disfigured body is recovered in the river; investigators erroneously identify the body as Paul's, but Gail examines the body and refutes this.

text: Using the new lead of the body, Chace is able to pinpoint the hideout where Paul is being held. A raid is conducted with several kidnappers being killed, but Paul is no longer there; he had been sold on to a new crime organization. The new captors are much less patient with Paul and negotiate more aggressively with the Getty family to receive their payment. The kidnappers cut off one of Paul's ears and mail it to a major newspaper, claiming that they will continue mutilating him until the ransom is paid.

text: After repeated negotiations with Gail and Chace, and frustration from the captors at how long the process was taking, they lower the asking price to $4 million. Getty finally decides to contribute to the ransom, but only $1 million – this being the maximum amount that he can claim as tax deductible. Moreover, he also will only do so if Gail signs a legal document waiving her parental access rights to Paul and her other children, giving them to Getty's son, her ex-husband. She reluctantly signs them. Berated by an exasperated Chace, Getty finally relents and agrees to pay the full ransom, also voiding the parental agreement with Gail. Gail and Chace take the money to Italy and follow specific instructions from the captors, leaving the money in a remote location and receiving orders to pick up Paul from a construction site. However, a frightened Paul runs away from the site towards the nearest town, miles away. Meanwhile the captors realize that Chace has broken his word and led the police to them; angry, they decide to find and kill Paul. Chace, Gail, and the captors arrive at the town to look for Paul. One of the kidnappers finds Paul first, but Cinquanta attacks the man in order to allow Paul to escape. Chace and Gail find Paul and smuggle him out of the country to safety.

text: Getty dies of unrelated causes, and Gail is tasked with managing her children's inherited wealth until they are of age. The company was set up as a charitable trust, which meant that Getty's income was tax-free but also not spendable. He had invested much of it in paintings, sculptures and other artifacts, most of them now reside in the J. Paul Getty Museum in Los Angeles.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Michelle Williams as Gail Harris, Getty III's mother.
Christopher Plummer as J. Paul Getty, Getty III's grandfather.
Mark Wahlberg as Fletcher Chace, Gail and Getty's adviser and former CIA operative.
Romain Duris as Cinquanta, one of Getty lll's abductors.
Timothy Hutton as Oswald Hinge, Getty's attorney.
Charlie Plummer as John Paul Getty III, John Paul's grandson.
Charlie Shotwell as Young John Paul Getty III
Andrew Buchan as John Paul Getty Jr., Getty's son.
Marco Leonardi as Mammoliti, one of Getty III's abductors and Cinquanta's boss.
Giuseppe Bonifati as Giovanni Iacovoni, Gail's attorney.
Nicolas Vaporidis as Il Tamia "Chipmunk", Getty III's abductor.
Ghassan Massoud as an Arab Sheikh.
Stacy Martin as J. Paul Getty's secretary.[10]
Kit Cranston as Young Mark Getty - Age 4
Maya Kelly as Young Aileen Getty - Age 6
Clive Wood as Bullimore

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On March 13, 2017, it was reported that Ridley Scott was finalizing plans to direct the David Scarpa-scripted All the Money in the World, a film about the kidnapping of John Paul Getty III. Scott stated that he was attracted to the project because of Scarpa's script, adding "I just consumed it [...] I knew about the kidnapping, but this story was very, very provocative... Gail Getty was an exceptional character, and there are many facets of the man Getty that make him a really great study. There's this great dynamic. It was like a play, and not a movie."[11]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Natalie Portman was initially pursued for the role of Gail Harris.[12] On March 31, 2017, it was reported that Michelle Williams and Kevin Spacey were circling the roles of Harris and J. Paul Getty, respectively, while Mark Wahlberg was in talks for an unspecified role.[13] On casting Spacey, Scott stated, "When I read the script, I started thinking, 'Who was Paul Getty?' In my mind, I saw Kevin Spacey. Kevin's a brilliant actor, but I've never worked with him, and I always knew I would have to have him portray Getty in this film [...] He was so obsessed with what he was doing [...] He wasn't giving people a second thought." In regards to Williams, Scott stated that while she was not his first choice, "Michelle is very special as an actress, and I've never done anything with her before [...] The family was very private and there was very little footage of [Gail], but around the kidnapping, there was one particular interview she did that Michelle jumped at, and it shows Gail Getty being very assertive, very smart," both qualities Williams possessed.[11] On May 2, Charlie Plummer joined the cast as John Paul Getty III.[14] Timothy Hutton was added to the cast on June 16.[15]

text: Initial filming[edit]

text: On May 31, 2017, it was reported that All the Money in the World had begun principal photography.[16] Filming continued at Elveden Hall in west Suffolk for a week at the end of July. The aristocratic Grade II-listed stately home was used to represent a Moroccan palace in the filming of a series of flashback scenes.[17] Kevin Spacey worked for just ten days on the film.[18] The original production reportedly concluded in August.[19]

text: Recasting of J. Paul Getty[edit]

text: In late October, numerous sexual harassment and sexual assault allegations were made against Spacey, who played J. Paul Getty in the film. The film's premiere at the AFI Fest on November 16 was cancelled,[20][18] and its Academy Awards campaign – which focused on Spacey's supporting role – was reworked.[21]

text: On November 8, it was announced that although the film was otherwise ready for release, reshoots had been commissioned to replace Spacey with Christopher Plummer in the role of Getty.[6][22][23] Despite his earlier statements to the contrary, Scott claimed that Plummer had been his original choice for the role, and that studio executives had persuaded him to cast the "bigger name" Spacey.[24][25] Spacey still appears in one wide shot that would have been too expensive or complex to reshoot within the release deadline; the scene features Getty disembarking from a train in the desert, and Spacey's face is not visible.[26]

text: Reshoots with Plummer began on November 20 and ended on the 29th, with the first footage of him in the role released in a new trailer the same day.[27][28][29] The decision cost millions of dollars in rush fees, among other costs, to meet the film's late-December release.[30] The reshoots ended up costing $10 million, making the final production cost of the film $50 million.[31]

text: While it was initially reported that the actors filmed the reshoots for free,[32] it was later revealed that Wahlberg was paid $1.5 million while Williams only received $80 in per diems, as she was contractually obligated to appear in reshoots, while Wahlberg was not.[33][31] Wahlberg's fee for the original shooting is alleged by The Hollywood Reporter[34] to have been $5 million, while Michelle Williams is reported to have been paid $625,000. The New York Times has reported that Wahlberg was paid 80% less than his usual fee. The $1.5 million Wahlberg received for reshoots was in addition to this. Wahlberg's contract allowed him to approve co-stars, and he reportedly refused to approve Plummer as Spacey's replacement unless he was paid extra.[35] In response to the backlash brought on by the difference in the actors' pay, Wahlberg announced he would donate the $1.5 million to the Time's Up movement in Williams' name.[36]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California on December 18, 2017. In the United States, the film was originally slated for a release on December 22, 2017, but two weeks before its debut, it was pushed to December 25, to avoid competition with Star Wars: The Last Jedi.[37]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: All the Money in the World grossed $25.1 million in the United States and Canada and $31.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $56.9 million, against a production budget of $50 million.[4]

text: On Christmas Day, the film's opening day, it grossed $2.6 million from 2,068 theaters.[38] In its first full weekend the film made $5.4 million from 2,074 theaters, finishing 7th at the box office.[39] In its second weekend the film made $3.6 million, dropping 36% and finishing 10th.[40]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 77% based on 207 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "All the Money in the World offers an absorbing portrayal of a true story, brought compellingly to life by a powerful performance from Christopher Plummer."[41] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 72 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[42] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[38]

text: Writing for The Hollywood Reporter, Todd McCarthy said, "[Scott and Plummer] show what they're made of in All the Money in the World, a terrifically dexterous and detailed thriller about the Italian mob's 1973 kidnapping for ransom of the grandson of the world's richest man, John Paul Getty [sic]."[43][44] Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film three out of four stars, commending it as a whole despite criticizing the middle section as repetitive, and the character of J. Paul Getty being "repugnant" without proper context. He stated that "The film is also a testament to the awesome work ethic of its 80-year old but still apparently tireless director, who fired Kevin Spacey.... they're worth noting because the end product is much better than anyone could have expected, considering the challenges faced and met by all involved."[45]

text: Writing for New York magazine, David Edelstein gave a strong review for the performance of Michelle Williams in the film, stating: "My guess is that there was one overriding factor in Scott's decision to rebuild sets and summon back his actors (after the Spacey controversy): The fear that Spacey's presence would distract the world (which includes Oscar voters) from the marvelous performance of Michelle Williams as Gail. It's a real transformation. I've never heard this diction from her before — sharp, with a hint of North Shore (i.e., old money) Long Island and perhaps a Kennedy or two. (The real Gail grew up in San Francisco but was well acquainted with the cadences of the East Coast rich.) Through the tension in her body and intensity of her voice, Williams conveys not just the terror of losing a son but the tragic absurdity of bearing the illustrious name Getty when family ties confer zero power."[46]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Ref(s)

AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards

February 5, 2018

Best Supporting Actor

Christopher Plummer

Nominated

[47]

Best Director

Ridley Scott

Nominated

Academy Awards

March 4, 2018

Best Supporting Actor

Christopher Plummer

Nominated

[48]

British Academy Film Awards

February 18, 2018

Best Actor in a Supporting Role

Christopher Plummer

Nominated

[49]

Golden Globe Awards

January 7, 2018

Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama

Michelle Williams

Nominated

[50]

Best Director – Motion Picture

Ridley Scott

Nominated

Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture

Christopher Plummer

Nominated

Location Managers Guild Awards

April 7, 2018

Outstanding Locations in Period Film

Steve Mortimore, Enrico Latella

Nominated

[51]