document_title: Three-point field goal

question_text: when was 3 point line added in nba

question_tokens: when was 3 point line added in nba

text: Three-point field goal

text: History[edit]

text: The three-point line was first tested at the collegiate level in a 1945 NCAA game between Columbia and Fordham but it was not kept as a rule. At the direction of Abe Saperstein, the American Basketball League became the first basketball league to institute the rule in 1961. Its three-point line was a radius of 25 feet (7.62 m) from the baskets, except along the sides.[2] The Eastern Professional Basketball League followed in its 1963–64 season.

text: The three-point shot later became popularized by the American Basketball Association after its introduction in the 1967–68 season. Then commissioner of the ABA George Mikan stated the three-pointer "would give the smaller player a chance to score and open up the defense to make the game more enjoyable for the fans."[3] During the 1970s, the ABA used the three-point shot, along with the slam dunk, as a marketing tool to compete with the National Basketball Association (NBA).

text: In the 1979–80 season, after having tested it in the previous pre-season, the NBA adopted the three-point line despite the view of many that it was a gimmick.[4] Chris Ford of the Boston Celtics is widely credited with making the first three-point shot in NBA history on October 12, 1979. Kevin Grevey of the Washington Bullets also made one on the same day.

text: The sport's international governing body, FIBA, introduced the three-point line in 1984, at a distance of 6.25 m (20 ft 6 in).

text: The NCAA's Southern Conference became the first collegiate conference to use the three-point rule, adopting a 22-foot (6.71 m) line for the 1980–81 season.[5][6] Ronnie Carr of Western Carolina University was the first to score a three-point field goal in college basketball history on November 29, 1980.[6][7][8] Over the following five years, NCAA conferences differed in their use of the rule and distance required for a three-pointer. The line was as close as 17 ft 9 in (5.41 m) in the Atlantic Coast Conference, and as far away as 22 feet in the Big Sky Conference.[9] Used in conference play, it was adopted by the NCAA for the 1986–87 men's season at 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m), and was first used in the NCAA Tournament in 1987.[10] In the same 1986–87 season, the NCAA adopted the three-pointer in women's basketball on an experimental basis, using the same 19 ft 9 in distance, and made its use mandatory beginning in 1987–88.[11] In 2007, the NCAA lengthened the men's three-point distance to 20 ft 9 in (6.32 m), with the rule coming into effect at the beginning of the 2008–09 season.[12] The NCAA women's three-point distance was moved to match the men's distance in 2011–12.[11] American high schools, along with elementary and middle schools, adopted a 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m) line nationally in 1987, a year after the NCAA.[13]

text: During the 1994–95, 1995–96, and 1996–97 seasons, the NBA attempted to address decreased scoring by shortening the distance of the line from 23 ft 9 in (7.24 m) (22 ft (6.71 m) at the corners) to a uniform 22 ft (6.71 m) around the basket. From the 1997–98 season on, the NBA reverted the line to its original distance of 23 ft 9 in (22 ft at the corners, with a 3 inch differential). Ray Allen is currently the NBA all-time leader in career made three-pointers with 2,973.[14]

text: In 2008, FIBA announced that the distance would be increased by 50 cm (19.69 in) to 6.75 m (22 ft 1 3⁄4 in), with the change being phased in beginning in October 2010. In December 2012, the WNBA announced that it would be using FIBA's distance, too, as of the 2013 season. The NBA has discussed adding a four-point line, according to president Rod Thorn.[15]

text: Rule specifications[edit]

text: A three-point line consists of an arc at a set radius measured from the point on the floor directly below the center of the basket, and two parallel lines equidistant from each sideline extending from the nearest end line to the point at which they intersect the arc. In the NBA and FIBA standard, the arc spans the width of the court until it is a specified minimum distance from each sideline. The three-point line then becomes parallel to the sidelines from those points to the baseline. The unusual formation of the three-point line at these levels allows players some space from which to attempt a three-point shot at the corners of the court; the arc would be less than 2 feet (0.61 m) from each sideline at the corners if it was a continuous arc. In the NCAA and American high school standards, the arc spans 180° around the basket, then becomes parallel to the sidelines from the plane of the basket center to the baseline (5 feet 3 inches or 1.60 metres). The distance of the three-point line to the center of the hoop varies by level:

text:
Arc radius
Minimum distance from sidelines

National Basketball Association
23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m)
3 feet (0.91 m)
[16]

FIBA (also used by WNBA)
6.75 meters (22 ft 2 in)
0.90 meters (2 ft 11 in)
[17]

National Collegiate Athletic Association
20 feet 9 inches (6.32 m)
4 feet 3 inches (1.30 m)
[18]

American High school basketball
19 feet 9 inches (6.02 m)
5 feet 3 inches (1.60 m)
[19]

text: A player's feet must be completely behind the three-point line at the time of the shot or jump in order to make a three-point attempt; if the player's feet are on or in front of the line, it is a two-point attempt. A player is allowed to jump from outside the line and land inside the line to make a three-point attempt, as long as the ball is released in mid-air.

text: An official raises his/her arm with three fingers extended to signal the shot attempt. If the attempt is successful, he/she raises his/her other arm with all fingers fully extended in manner similar to a football official signifying successful field goal to indicate the three-point goal. The official must recognize it for it to count as three points. Instant replay has sometimes been used, depending on league rules. The NBA,[20] WNBA, FIBA and the NCAA specifically allow replay for this purpose. In NBA, FIBA, and WNBA games, video replay does not have to occur immediately following a shot; play can continue and the officials can adjust the scoring later in the game, after reviewing the video. However, in late game situations, play may be paused pending a review.

text: If a shooter is fouled while attempting a three-pointer and subsequently misses the shot, the shooter is awarded three free-throw attempts. If a player completes a three-pointer while being fouled, the player is awarded one free-throw for a possible 4-point play. Conceivably, if a player completed a three-pointer while being fouled, and that foul was ruled as either a Flagrant 1 or a Flagrant 2 foul, the player would be awarded two free throws for a possible 5-point play.

text: Related concepts[edit]

text: Major League Lacrosse features a two-point line which forms a 15-yard (14 m) arc around the front of the goal. Shots taken from behind this line count for two points, as opposed to the standard one point.

text: In gridiron football, a standard field goal is worth three points; various professional and semi-pro leagues have experimented with four-point field goals. NFL Europe and the Stars Football League adopted a rule similar to basketball's three-point line in which an additional point was awarded for longer field goals; in both leagues any field goal of 50 yards (46 m) or more was worth four points. The Arena Football League awards four points for any successful drop kicked field goal (like the three-point shot, the drop kick is more challenging than a standard place kick, as the bounce of the ball makes a kick less predictable, and arena football also uses narrower goal posts for all kicks than the outdoor game does).

text: During the existence of the World Hockey Association in the 1970s, there were proposals for two-point hockey goals for shots taken beyond an established distance (one proposal was a 44-foot (13.4m) arc, which would have intersected the faceoff circles), but this proposal gained little support and faded after the WHA merged with the NHL. It was widely believed that long-distance shots in hockey had little direct relation to skill (usually resulting more from goalies' vision being screened or obscured), plus with the lower scoring intrinsic to the sport a two-point goal was seen as disruptive of the structure of the game.

text: The Super Goal is a similar concept in Australian rules football, in which a 50-meter (55 yd) arc determines the value of a goal; within the arc, it is the usual 6 points, but 9 points are scored for a "super goal" scored from outside the arc. To date the super goal is only used in pre-season games and not in the season proper.[21]

text: The National Professional Soccer League II, which awarded two points for all goals except those on the power play, also used a three-point line, drawn 45 feet (14 m) from the goal. It has since been adopted by some other indoor soccer leagues.


document_title: Legal status of tattooing in the United States

question_text: what age can you get a tattoo in minnesota

root

text: In the United States, there is no federal law regulating the practice of tattooing. However, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have statutory laws requiring a person receiving a tattoo be 18 years of age or older. This is partially based on the legal principle that a minor cannot enter into a legal contract or otherwise render informed consent for a procedure. Most states permit a person under the age of 18 to receive a tattoo with permission of a parent or guardian, but some states outright prohibit tattooing under a certain age regardless of permission, with the exception of medical necessity (such as markings placed for radiation therapy).

tag: p

text: In all jurisdictions, individual tattooists may also choose to place additional restrictions based on their own moral feelings, such as refusing any clients under a specific age even with parental consent despite it being legal, or limiting the type and/or location of where they are willing to tattoo (such as refusing any work around intimate parts of the body). They may additionally refuse to perform specific artwork, including if they merely find it inappropriate or offensive, or refuse to work on a client that they suspect may be intoxicated. Artists sometimes claim their personal business restrictions are a matter of law even when it is not true, so as to avoid arguments with clients.

text:
Legal Restrictions on Tattooing & Body Modification by State

State
Minimum Age (with parent/guardian consent)
Form of Parent/Guardian Consent
Notes & Exceptions
Intoxicated/Impaired Individuals
Area of Law/Type of Penalty
Licensing & Regulation
Relevant Statute(s) and Rules

Alabama
none specified[1]
informed written consent, signed in presence of the artist/service provider or their agent[1][2]
Ear piercing exempt from Alabama body art laws & rules.[2][3]
cannot be tattooed, branded, or pierced[1][2]
Violations of Alabama Tattoo & Body Piercing laws are a class c misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of up to $100 and/or up to 90 days imprisonment for each violation.[4]
Alabama's Department of Public Health licenses Tattoo, body piercing, & body art facilities, and sets standards for their operation.[5]
Individual tattoo artists, piercers, etc. require a permit.[2]

Ala. Code § 22-1-17A[3][6]
State Board of Health rules on Body Art Practices and Facilities.[2]

Arizona
none specified[7]
parent/guardian must be physically present[7]
Minors can have their ears pierced with the written or verbal consent of a parent/guardian, can have procedures prescribed by a health care provider.[7]
no restriction[7]
Violations are a class 6 felony.[7]
There are no health regulations for tattoo shops in Arizona. [8]
Tattoos. Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 13-3721[7]

Arkansas
16[9]
parent/guardian must both give written consent and be physically present[10]
none specified[10]
cannot be tattooed, branded, or pierced.[10]

Ark. Stat. Ann. §§ 20-27-1501 et seq.[10]

Alaska
18 (piercing excepted)[11]
parent/guardian must both give written consent and be present during the procedure[11]
Minors may be pierced with parental consent [11]
no restriction[12]

Alaska Stat. § 08.13.217[11]

California
18 (piercing excepted)[13][14]
parent/guardian must be present during procedure
Minors may have their ears pierced with parental consent.[15] They may be pierced elsewhere with parental consent, but not on their genitals or nipples. Permanent cosmetics are permitted on nipples, when done by a cosmetic technician and with parental consent.[14]
no restriction

Body Art. Cal. Health & Safety Code § 119300 to 119328[6][15]
Cal. Penal Code 653[13]

Colorado
18 Express written consent of parent or guardian[16]
parent/guardian must be present during procedure
Persons who are "noticeably impaired" cannot have body art procedures[16]

Body Artists. Colo. Rev. Stat. § 25-4-2101 to 2103[6]

Connecticut
none specified
permission of parent or guardian[17][18]
Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent[17]
Tattooing may only be performed by physicians, or by registered nurses & technicians working under the supervision of a physician.[18]

no restrictions

Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-92a,[6][18]
Conn. Gen. Stat. §19a-92g[6][17]

District of Columbia
18 (ear piercing excepted)[19]
written consent (for ear piercing)[19]
minors may have their ears pierced with written parental consent[19]
no restrictions[19]

Body Artists. DC Code § 47-2853.76d[6][19]

Delaware
18[20]
notarized written consent to the specific procedure[20]
none specified[20]
cannot be tattooed, branded, or body pierced[20]

Del. Code Ann. Title 11, Ch 5 §1114(a)[6][20]
Del. Code Ann. Title 16, Ch 2 §122(3)(w)[6]

Florida
16[21]
Must be accompanied by parent or guardian who can show proof of guardianship, both parent and minor must present photo ID, and a consent form must be notarized.[21]
for medical or dental purposes by a licensed physician or dentist[21]
no restriction

Fla. Stat. § 381.00787[6]
Fla. Stat. §381.0775 et seq.[6] Fla. Stat. §381.075[6]

Georgia
18 (body piercing excepted)[22]
For body piercing: prior written consent of parent/guardian[23]
Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent[23]
Minors may be body pierced with written parental consent[23]
Physicians and Osteopaths or technicians working under their direct supervision can give minors tattoos or produce scars for "medical or cosmetic purposes."[22]
No one can be tattooed within an inch of their eye socket.[24]

no restrictions

Ga. Code § 31-40-1 to 31-40-10[6]
Ga. Code § 16-12-5[6]
Ga. Code § 16-5-71.1[6]

Hawaii
none specified[25]
written consent of parent/guardian[25]

Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 321-13[6]
Hawaii Rev. Stat. § 321-379[6]

Idaho
14[26]
Written informed consent of parent/guardian, executed in the presence of the person performing the procedure, or their agent/employee.[26]
Minors can have their ears pierced without parental consent.[6]
Piercing for medical procedures exempt.[6]

no restrictions

Idaho Code § 18-1523 (2004)[6]

Illinois
18 (body piercings excepted)[27]
Written consent of parent/guardian (for body piercings)[27]
Minors cannot be present in places where tattooing or body piercing is done except in the presence of a parent/guardian.[27]
Minors can have their ears pierced without parent/guardian consent.[27]

no restrictions

Ill. Stat. 720 §5/12-10.1[6]
Ill. Stat. 410 §54/1 t0 54/999[6]

Indiana
none specified[28]
Parent/guardian must both be present during the procedure and provide written permission.[28]
Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent.[28]
no restrictions

Ind. Code Ann. §35-42-2-7[6][28]
Ind. Code Ann. §16-19-3-4.1[6][29]

Iowa
18[30]
n/a - minors cannot be tattooed[30]
Body piercing is not regulated by state law in Iowa, however county or city laws may regulate it.[31]
no restrictions

Iowa Code §135.37[6]
Iowa Code §135.37[6]

Kansas
16[32]
Parent/guardian must give written consent, written consent must be notarized, and the parent/guardian must be present during the procedure.[32]
Minors may have their ears pierced[33]
no restrictions

Kan. Stat. Ann. §65-1953[6]
Kan. Stat. Ann. §65-1940 to 65-1954[6]

Kentucky
Not specified
Parent/guardian must give written, notarized consent.[34]
none (ear piercing also requires written, notarized consent).[35]
no restrictions

Ky. Rev. Stat. §211.760[6]
Ky. Rev. Stat. §194A.050; 211.760[6]

Louisiana
16
Parent or guardian must consent, and their presence during the procedure is required for tattoos, but not for body piercings.[36]

no restrictions

La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §14:93.2[6]
La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 40:2831 et seq.[6]

Maine
18 (piercings excepted)[37]
For body piercings: prior legal consent of parent/guardian.[38]
Maine law does not require parent/guardian consent for ear piercing[39]
no restrictions

Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. Title 32 § 4201-4329[6]

Maryland
none specified[40]
written consent, which must be retained for 3 years.
Piercing of the ear lobe is exempt[41]
no restriction
Health Department Regulations
A license is not required, but any person performing tattooing or piercing must comply with all the relevant health code regulations[40]
COMAR 10.06.01.02 and 10.06.01.06

Massachusetts
18 (except body piercing other than genitalia)[42]
Minors cannot receive tattoo, branding, or scarification at all. For piercing of areas other than the genitalia, a parent may provide identification and sign the consent document.[42]
Physicians performing for treatment reasons and ear piercing are exempt from regulation.[42]
no restriction
County Health Department regulates body art, but all follow a model regulation set by the state.
Artists must have a permit, and establishments are subject to following specific health department regulations[42]
Model Regulations for Body Art Establishments[42]

Michigan
none specified[43]
Written, informed consent of parent/guardian. Must be executed (signed) in the presences of the person performing the procedure, or their employee.[43]

cannot be tattooed, branded, or body pierced.[43]

Mich. Comp. Laws § 333.13101 to 333.13112[44]

Minnesota
18 (piercings excepted)[45]
For piercings: presence of parent/guardian and a consent form are both required.[45]
Minors cannot be tattooed. They can be body pierced, but not in the nipples or genitals. Branding, scarification, suspension, subdermal implantation, microdermal, and tongue bifurcation are also prohibited for minors.[45]
cannot have any body art procedures.[45]

Minnesota Statutes 146B.07[45]

Mississippi
18
n/a - minors cannot be tattooed
piercing also prohibited except for the outer perimeter or lobe of the ear.
no restriction

Miss.Code Ann. §73-61

Missouri
none specified[46]
For both piercings and tattoos, parent/guardian must sign written consent in the presence of the person performing the procedure, or their employee.[46]

cannot be tattooed, branded or body pierced.[46]
violations are a misdemeanor, punishable with a fine of up to $500 (more for repeat offenses)[46]
The state director of the division of professional registration licenses all body artists, and sets rules & regulations for the operation of body art establishments.[47]
Mo. Rev. Stat. §324.520[46]

Montana
none specified[48]
Parent or guardian must give "explicit, in-person" consent.[48] Montana administrative rules also require that the parent/guardian be present throughout the procedure.[49]

cannot be tattooed or body pierced.[49]
A person who tattoos or body pierces a minor without parent/guardian consent is guilty of Unlawful transactions with children, punishable by a fine of up to $500 or six months in county jail, or both.[48]
Other violations of Montana body art laws are a misdemeanor, with punishments ranging from a fine of $50–100 for a first offense to $300 and/or 90 days in county jail for third and subsequent offense.[50]

Montana's Department of Health and Safety licenses and regulates body art establishments.[51] Local health boards may establish their own licensing and regulatory schemes in lieu of the state department's.[52]
Mont. Code Ann. §45-5-623[48]
Mont. Code Ann. §50-48-101 to 110[53]
Mont. Code Ann. §50-48-201 to 209[54]

Nebraska
none specified[55]
written consent, must be present during procedure
Piercing does not include the external parts of the ear[56]
No restrictions

Nebraska Revised Statute 38-1008, 38-1009, 38-1010, 38-1011, 38-1060, 38-10,165

Nevada
n/a[6]
n/a[6]
Nevada state law does not regulate tattoos, piercings, or other body art. Regional health districts may regulate the practice. The southern Nevada Health District, for example, does not allow minors below the age of 14 to be tattooed, and requires a parent or guardian to provide written consent and be present during the procedure for 14- to 18-year-olds. The southern Nevada district also bans tattoos on those who are under the influence of drugs or alcohol.[57]
n/a[6]

n/a[6]

New Hampshire
18 (piercings excepted)[58]
For piercings: parent/guardian must both sign written consent and be present during the procedure.
Minors cannot be tattooed or branded. They may be pierced with parent/guardian consent.[58] Minors may have their ears pierced without parent/guardian consent.[59]
no restrictions

N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 314[6]

New Jersey
none specified[60]
written permission of parent/guardian is required for tattooing and body piercing.[60]
Parent/guardian must be present and sign written consent for ear piercings as well as for body piercing. Minors cannot have genital piercings even with parent/guardian consent.[61]
no restrictions
no restrictions
no restrictions
N.J. Stat. Ann. §2C:40-21
N.J.A.C. 8:27-1 et seq.
N.J. Stat. Ann. §26-1A-7[6]

New Mexico
none specified[62]
Written consent and presence during the procedure.
Medical procedures by physicians and ear piercing are exempt[63]
no restrictions
Administrative Regulations set by the Board of Barbers and Cosmetologists
All body artists are required to be licensed through the state, and are subject to regulations from the Board
Body Art Safe Practices Act. N.M. Stat. Ann. § 61-17B et seq.,[63] N.M. Administrative Code 16.36 et seq.[62]

New York
18 (piercings excepted) [64]
Minors cannot be tattooed with parent/guardian consent. For piercings: parent/guardian must give written consent, signed in presence of the body artist or body art establishment owner.[65]
Written parental consent is not required for ear piercings.[66]
no restrictions

New York Public Health Law, Article 4-A[6][65]
N.Y. Public Health Law §460-466[6]
N.Y. Penal Law § 260.21[6]

North Carolina
18 (piercings excepted)[67]
Minors cannot be tattooed, even with parent/guardian consent. "Prior consent" of parent/guardian is required for body piercings.[67]
Minors may have their ears pierced without parental consent.[67]
no restrictions

N.C. Gen. Stat. § 130A-283[68]
N.C. Gen. Stat. § 14-400[69]

North Dakota
none specified[70]
Parent/guardian must be present during the procedure and give written consent.[70]

cannot get tattoos or other body art[71]

N.D. Code §23-01-35[72]
N.D. Code §12.1-31-13[6][70]

Ohio
none specified[73]
Parent/guardian must both sign a consent form and "appear in person at the business at the time the procedure is performed."[73]
none - parent/guardian consent and presence is also required for ear piercings.[73]
no restrictions

Ohio Rev. Code Ann. §3730.01 to 3730.99[6][73]

Oklahoma
18 (piercings excepted)[74]
Minors cannot be tattooed, even with parent/guardian consent. For piercings: parent/guardian must both give written consent and be present during the procedure.[74]
Ear piercing is not governed/restricted by Oklahoma law.[74]
Scleral tattooing is illegal.[74]

cannot be tattooed.[74]

Okla. Stat. Title 21 §842.1, 842.2, 842.3[6]

Oregon
18 (piercings excepted)[75]
For piercings: parent/guardian must give written consent and present proof of identity.[76][77]
Minors can only be tattooed with the authorization of a physician.[75]
Scarification and dermal implants are prohibited[78]
Persons with sunburns or skin diseases or disorders cannot be tattooed or pierced.[75][77]
Minors cannot be pierced on the genitals or nipples, even with parent/guardian consent.[76]
Piercing on testes, deep shaft (corpus cavernosa), uvula, eyelids and sub-clavicle are all prohibited.[77]

cannot be tattooed or pierced.[75][77]
Violations of Oregon body art laws are a misdemeanor.[79]
Violations of Health Licensing Office rules are fined (various amounts).[80]

Both body artists and body art establishments are licensed by the Oregon Health Licensing Office.[81] With the assistance of a Board of Body Art practitioners, the Health Licensing Office also sets detailed rules and regulations for body art.[82]
Or. Rev. Stat. § 690.350 et seq
Or. Rev. Stat. § 690.401 to 410
Or. Rev. Stat. § 679.500[6]
Health Licensing Office Rules, especially Divisions 900, 905, 915 & 920[82]

Pennsylvania
none specified[83]
parent/guardian must both give consent and be present during the procedure.[83]

no restrictions

Pa. Cons. Stat. Title 18 § 6311[6][83]

Rhode Island
18 (piercings excepted)[84][85]
Minors cannot be tattooed.[84] For piercings: parent/guardian must both give consent and be present for the procedure.[85]

no restrictions
Tattooing a minor is a criminal offense (misdemeanor), maximum fine $300[84]
Tattooing and body art are regulated by the department of health, artists must be registered.[85]
RI Gen L § 23-1-39[85]
RI Gen L § 11-9-15[84]

South Carolina
18 (piercings excepted)[86][87]
Minors cannot be tattooed.[86] For piercings: parent/guardian must either give written, notarized consent or be present during the procedure.[87]
Head, face, and neck tattoos are illegal.[86]
cannot be tattooed or body pierced[86][88]
Under the Health Code, persons violating restrictions on tattooing and body piercing are guilty of a misdemeanor. Upon conviction, they may be fined up to $2500 or imprisoned for a year, or both.[86][87]
Tattoo and body piercing facilities are regulated by the Department of Health and Environmental Control. Tattoo facilities are licensed, body piercing facilities require a permit, and artists must be registered[89][90]
S.C. Code § 44-32-10 to 44-32-120[88]
S.C. Code § 44-34-10 to 44-34-110[91]

South Dakota
none specified[92]
Parent/guardian must sign a consent form.[92]

cannot be tattooed or pierced[93][94]
Tattooing a minor is a class 2 misdemeanor.[95]
Tattooing and Body Piercing are governed by Department of Health rules.[96] Municipalities may set stricter regulations, and have the authority to license body artists.[95]
S.D. Codified Laws Ann. §26-10-19[92]
S.D. Laws § 9-34-17[95]

Tennessee
18 (piercings excepted)[97][98]
For tattoos that cover an existing tattoo (see Notes & Exceptions): Parent/Guardian must be present during the procedure.[97]
For piercings: Parent/Guardian must give written consent, be present during the procedure.[98]

Minors over the age of sixteen may be tattooed to cover up an existing tattoo, with parent/guardian consent.[97]

Minors who lie about their age to be tattooed are guilty of a "delinquent act," are required to pay a fine of $50–$250 and serve at least 20 hours of community service.[97]
Tattooing a minor is a class a misdemeanor,[97] breach of body piercing law is a class b misdemeanor.[99]

Tattoo artists and body piercers are licensed by the state department of health, tattoo shops require a certificate from the local health department.[100][101]
Tenn. Code §§ 62-38-201-310[102]

Texas
18 (piercings excepted)[103][104]
For body piercings and for covering existing tattoos (see Notes & Exceptions): Parent/guardian must be present during procedure, sign an affidavit[103][104]
Ear piercing is exempt from body piercing statutes[105]
Minors may, with parent/guardian consent, be tattooed to cover up an existing tattoo that has offensive, gang-related, or drug-related content, or "other words, symbols, or markings that the person's parent or guardian considers would be in the best interest of the person to cover"[103]
Tongue splitting prohibited.[106]

Cannot be tattooed or pierced.[103][107]
Misrepresenting one's age to get a tattoo, or to get a piercing without parental consent, is a class B misdemeanor[103][104]
Violations of Texas tattooing & body piercing statute are a Class A misdemeanor, with each day of violation counting as a separate offense.[108]
Health Commissioner can impose a fine of up to $5000 on artists & shops for each violation[109]

Tattoo artists and body piercers must be registered with the Texas Department of Health[110] Tattoo and body piercing shops must be licensed[111]
Texas Health and Safety Code Ann. §146[112]

Utah
none specified[113]
Parent/guardian must be present during the procedure, give written permission, and provide proof of identity.[113]
Parental consent not required by law for ear piercing[113]

Tattooing or body piercing a minor is a class b misdemeanor, shops can be fined up to $1000 for each violation.[113]

Utah Code Ann. §76-10-2201[6]

Vermont
none specified[114]

Tattooists and body piercers must be registered.[114]
Vt. Stat. Ann. Title 26 §4101 to 4109[6][115]

Virginia
none specified[116]
Parent/Guardian must be present during the procedure.[116]
Virginia law does not limit minors' ability to have their ears pierced.[116]

Tattooing or body piercing a minor is a class 1 misdemeanor[116]
Tattoo artists and body piercers, as well as the operators of tattoo and body piercing establishments, are licensed by the state.[117][118]
Civic/local governments are empowered to regulate tattoo and body piercing establishments.[119]

Va. Code §54.1-700 et seq.
Va. Code §15.2-912
Va. Code § 18.2-371.3.[6]

Washington
18 (piercings excepted)[120]

cannot have tattoos, body piercings, or other body art.[121]

Wash. Code §26.28.085[120]
Wash. Code § 18.300[122]
Wash. Code § 246-145-001 to 060[123]
Wash. Code §70.54[124]

West Virginia
none specified[125]
parent/guardian must give written consent[125]

All persons receiving a tattoo must attest they are not under the influence of drugs or alcohol.[125]

Tattoo shop owners and body piercing studios must register with local board of health, and must be registered as a business with the state[126][127][128]
W. Va. Code §16-37
W. Va. Code §16-38[129]

Wisconsin
18[130]
n/a (tattooing not permitted under 18)
Physicians in the course of professional practice are exempt
no restriction
Tattooing a minor or even offering to do so is subject to a fine of up to $200
Artists must be satisfy training requirements and obtain a license from the health department. Establishments are subject to inspection and licensing[131]
Wisconsin Statutes & Annotations 948.70 and 252.235

Wyoming
none specified[132]
Verbal consent, presence during procedure.[132]
Procedures performed under the supervision of a licensed physician, and piercing of the ear, do not count as body art for this law.
no restriction[132]
Misdemeanor criminal offense, punishable by fine and prison time[132]

Wyoming Statute §14-3-107[132]

tag: table


document_title: List of Chief Ministers of Karnataka

question_text: who was the chief minister of karnataka when mysore was renamed as karnataka

text: List of Chief Ministers of Karnataka

text:
Chief Minister of Karnataka
IncumbentH. D. Kumaraswamysince 23 May 2018Residence
"Anugraha", Kumarakrupa Road, BangaloreAppointer
Governor of KarnatakaInaugural holder
K. Chengalaraya ReddyFormation
25 October 1947

text: The Chief Minister of Karnataka is the chief executive of the south Indian state of Karnataka. As per the Constitution of India, the governor is a state's de jure head, but de facto executive authority rests with the chief minister. Following elections to the Karnataka Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.[1]

text: Since 1947, twenty-two people have been Chief Minister of Mysore (as the state was known before 1 November 1973) and Karnataka. A majority of them belonged to the Indian National Congress party, including inaugural office-holder K. Chengalaraya Reddy. The longest-serving chief minister, D. Devaraj Urs, held the office for over seven years in the 1970s. The Janata Party's Ramakrishna Hegde has the second-longest tenure, while the Congress's Veerendra Patil had the largest gap between two terms (over eighteen years). One chief minister, H. D. Deve Gowda, went on to become the eleventh Prime Minister of India, while another, B. D. Jatti, served as the country's fifth Vice President. There have been six instances of President's rule in Karnataka, most recently in 2007–08.

text: The incumbent chief minister is the Janata Dal (Secular)'s H. D. Kumaraswamy, who was sworn in on 23 May 2018.

text: Chief Ministers of Mysore and Karnataka[edit]

text:
Colour key for parties

  Bharatiya Janata Party
  Indian National Congress
  Indian National Congress (I)
  Indian National Congress (O)
  Janata Dal
  Janata Dal (Secular)
  Janata Party
  N/A (President's rule)

text:
No[a]

Name

Term[2](tenure length)

Assembly[3](election)

Party[b]

Chief Minister of Mysore[c]

1

K. Chengalaraya Reddy

25 October 1947 – 30 March 1952(4 years, 157 days)

Not established yet

Indian National Congress

2

K. Hanumanthaiah

30 March 1952 – 19 August 1956(4 years, 142 days)

First Assembly (1952–57)(1951/52 election)continued...

3

Kadidal Manjappa

19 August 1956 – 31 October 1956(73 days)

Chief Minister of Mysore (following the state's reorganisation)[d]

4

S. NijalingappaMLA for Molakalmuru

1 November 1956 – 16 May 1958(1 year, 197 days)

...continuedFirst Assembly (1952–57)(1951/52 election)

Indian National Congress

Second Assembly (1957–62)(1957 election)

5

B. D. JattiMLA for Jamkhandi

16 May 1958 – 9 March 1962(3 years, 297 days)

6

S. R. KanthiMLA for Hungund

14 March 1962 – 20 June 1962(98 days)

Third Assembly (1962–67)(1962 election)

(4)

S. NijalingappaMLA for Shiggaon

21 June 1962 – 28 May 1968(5 years, 342 days)

Fourth Assembly (1967–71)(1967 election)

7

Veerendra Patil

29 May 1968 – 18 March 1971(2 years, 293 days)

Indian National Congress (O)

–

Vacant[e](President's rule)

19 March 1971 – 20 March 1972(1 year, 1 day)

Dissolved

N/A

Chief Minister of Karnataka[f]

8

D. Devaraj UrsMLA for Hunsur

20 March 1972 – 31 December 1977(5 years, 286 days)

Fifth Assembly (1972–77)(1972 election)

Indian National Congress

–

Vacant[e](President's rule)

31 December 1977 – 28 February 1978(59 days)

Dissolved

N/A

(8)

D. Devaraj UrsMLA for Hunsur

28 February 1978 – 7 January 1980(1 year, 313 days)

Sixth Assembly (1978–83)(1978 election)

Indian National Congress (I)[g]

9

R. Gundu RaoMLA for Somwarpet

12 January 1980 – 6 January 1983(2 years, 359 days)

10

Ramakrishna HegdeMLA for Basavanagudi

10 January 1983 – 29 December 1984[h](1 year, 354 days)

Seventh Assembly (1983–85)(1983 election)

Janata Party

8 March 1985 – 13 February 1986[i](342 days)

Eighth Assembly (1985–89)(1985 election)

16 February 1986 – 10 August 1988(2 years, 176 days)

11

S. R. BommaiMLA for Hubli Rural

13 August 1988 – 21 April 1989(281 days)

–

Vacant[e](President's rule)

21 April 1989 – 30 November 1989(193 days)

Dissolved

N/A

(7)

Veerendra PatilMLA for Chincholi

30 November 1989 – 10 October 1990(314 days)

Ninth Assembly (1989–94)(1989 election)

Indian National Congress

–

Vacant[e](President's rule)

10 October 1990 – 17 October 1990(7 days)

N/A

12

S. BangarappaMLA for Sorab

17 October 1990 – 19 November 1992(2 years, 33 days)

Indian National Congress

13

M. Veerappa MoilyMLA for Karkala

19 November 1992 – 11 December 1994(2 years, 22 days)

14

H. D. Deve GowdaMLA for Ramanagara

11 December 1994 – 31 May 1996(1 year, 172 days)

Tenth Assembly (1994–99)(1994 election)

Janata Dal

15

J. H. PatelMLA for Channagiri

31 May 1996 – 7 October 1999(3 years, 129 days)

16

S. M. KrishnaMLA for Maddur

11 October 1999 – 28 May 2004(4 years, 230 days)

Eleventh Assembly (1999–2004)(1999 election)

Indian National Congress

17

Dharam SinghMLA for Jewargi

28 May 2004 – 2 February 2006(1 year, 250 days)

Twelfth Assembly (2004–07)(2004 election)

18

H. D. KumaraswamyMLA for Ramanagara

3 February 2006 – 8 October 2007(1 year, 253 days)

Janata Dal (Secular)

–

Vacant[e](President's rule)

8 October 2007 – 12 November 2007(35 days)

N/A

19

B. S. YeddyurappaMLA for Shikaripura

12 November 2007 – 19 November 2007(7 days)

Bharatiya Janata Party

–

Vacant[e](President's rule)

20 November 2007 – 29 May 2008(191 days)

Dissolved

N/A

(19)

B. S. YeddyurappaMLA for Shikaripura

30 May 2008 – 4 August 2011(3 years, 66 days)

Thirteenth Assembly (2008–13)(2008 election)

Bharatiya Janata Party

20

D. V. Sadananda Gowda

5 August 2011 – 11 July 2012(341 days)

21

Jagadish ShettarMLA for Hubli-Dharwad-Central

12 July 2012 – 12 May 2013(304 days)

22

SiddaramaiahMLA for Varuna

13 May 2013 – 15 May 2018  (5 years, 2 days)

Fourteenth Assembly (2013–18)(2013 election)

Indian National Congress

(19)

B. S. YeddyurappaMLA for Shikaripura

17 May 2018 –  23 May 2018(6 days)

Fifteenth Assembly (2018 - present)(2018 election)

Bharatiya Janata Party

(18)

H. D. Kumaraswamy MLA for Channapatna

23 May 2018 – present(72 days)

Janata Dal (Secular)


document_title: List of largest sports contracts

question_text: who has the largest sports contract in the world

text: List of largest sports contracts

text: Largest sports contracts[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Team
Sport
Length of contract
Contract value (USD)
Average per year (USD)
Average per game5 (USD)
Ref[1]

01
Giancarlo Stanton
New York Yankees*
Baseball
13 years (2014–2027)
$325,000,000
$25,000,000
$154,320.99
[1]

02
Rodriguez, AlexAlex Rodriguez1R
New York Yankees*
Baseball
10 years (2008–2017)
$275,000,000
$27,500,000
$169,753.09
[2]

03
Neymar
Paris Saint Germain
Association football
5 years (2017–2022)
$222,000,000
$44,400,000
$944,680
[3][4][5]

04
Rodriguez, AlexAlex Rodriguez2R
Texas Rangers*
Baseball
10 years (2001–2010)
$252,000,000
$25,200,000
$155,555.56
[6]

05
Cabrera, MiguelMiguel Cabrera
Detroit Tigers
Baseball
08 !8 years (2016–2023)
$247,000,000
$31,000,000
$191,358.02
[7]

005 !06 (tie)
Cano, RobinsonRobinson Cano
Seattle Mariners
Baseball
10 years (2014–2023)
$240,000,000
$24,000,000
$148,148.15
[8]

005 !06 (tie)
Pujols, AlbertAlbert Pujols
Los Angeles Angels
Baseball
10 years (2012–2021)
$240,000,000
$24,000,000
$148,148.15
[9]

007 !07
Harden, JamesJames Harden
Houston Rockets
Basketball
6 years (2017–2023)
$228,000,000
$38,000,000
$463,414.64
[10]

007 !08
Votto, JoeyJoey Votto
Cincinnati Reds
Baseball
10 years (2014–2024)
$225,000,000
$22,500,000
$138,889
[11]

008 !08
Price, DavidDavid Price
Boston Red Sox
Baseball
07 !7 years (2016–2022)
$217,000,000
$31,000,000
$191,358.02
[12]

009 !09
Kershaw, ClaytonClayton Kershaw
Los Angeles Dodgers
Baseball
07 !7 years (2014–2020)
$215,000,000
$30,714,285
$186,120.37
[13]

010 !10
Fielder, PrincePrince FielderInjury
Detroit Tigers*
Baseball
09 !9 years (2012–2020)
$214,000,000
$23,777,777
$146,776.40
[14]

011 !11
Scherzer, MaxMax Scherzer
Washington Nationals
Baseball
07 !7 years (2015–2021)
$210,000,000
$30,000,000
$185,185.19
[15]

012 !12
Greinke, ZackZack Greinke
Arizona Diamondbacks
Baseball
06 !6 years (2016–2021)
$206,500,000
$34,416,667
$212,448.56
[16]

014 !14
Westbrook , RussellRussell Westbrook 6
Oklahoma City Thunder
Basketball
05 !5 years (2018–2023)
$205,000,000
$41,000,000
$491,000.00
[17]

015 !15
Curry, StephenStephen Curry6
Golden State Warriors
Basketball
05 !5 years (2017–2022)
$201,200,000
$40,200,000
$490,243.90
[18]

016 !16
Jeter, DerekDerek JeterR
New York Yankees*
Baseball
10 years (2001–2010)
$189,000,000
$18,900,000
$116,666.67
[19]

017 !17 (tie)
Mauer, JoeJoe Mauer
Minnesota Twins
Baseball
08 !8 years (2011–2018)
$184,000,000
$23,000,000
$141,975.31
[20]

017 !17 (tie)
Heyward, JasonJason Heyward
Chicago Cubs
Baseball
08 !8 years (2016–2023)
$184,000,000
$23,000,000
$141,975.31
[21]

018 !18
Mayweather, FloydFloyd MayweatherR
Showtime*
Boxing
02 !2 years (2013–2015)
$180,000,000+
$72,000,000+
$30,000,000+
[22]

018 !18 (tie)
Teixeira, MarkMark TeixeiraR
New York Yankees*
Baseball
08 !8 years (2009–2016)
$180,000,000
$22,500,000
$138,888.89
[23]

018 !18 (tie)
Verlander, JustinJustin Verlander
Detroit Tigers*
Baseball
07 !7 years (2013–2019)
$180,000,000
$25,714,286
$158,730.16
[24]

019 !19 (tie)
Hernández, FélixFélix Hernández
Seattle Mariners
Baseball
07 !7 years (2013–2019)
$175,000,000
$25,000,000
$154,320.99
[25]

020 !20 (tie)
Strasburg, StephenStephen Strasburg
Washington Nationals
Baseball
07 !7 years (2017–2023)
$175,000,000
$25,000,000
$154,320.99
[26]

022 !22
Griffin, BlakeBlake Griffin6
Detroit Pistons
Basketball
05 !5 years (2017–2022)
$172,260,000
$34,452,000
$420,146.34
[27]

023 !23
Posey, BusterBuster Posey
San Francisco Giants
Baseball
09 !9 years (2013–2021)
$167,000,000
$18,555,556
$114,540.47
[28]

024 !24 (tie)
Sabathia, CCCC Sabathia
New York Yankees
Baseball
07 !7 years (2009–2015)
$161,000,000
$23,000,000
$141,975.31
[29]

024 !24 (tie)
Davis, ChrisChris Davis
Baltimore Orioles
Baseball
07 !7 years (2016–2022)
$161,000,000
$23,000,000
$141,975.31
[30]

026 !26 (tie)
Kemp, MattMatt Kemp
Los Angeles Dodgers
Baseball
08 !8 years (2012–2019)
$160,000,000
$20,000,000
$123,456.79
[31]

026 !26 (tie)
Ramírez, MannyManny RamírezR
Boston Red Sox*
Baseball
08 !8 years (2001–2008)
$160,000,000
$20,000,000
$123,456.79
[32]

028 !28
Tulowitzki, TroyTroy Tulowitzki
Colorado Rockies*
Baseball
10 years (2011–2020)
$157,750,000
$15,775,000
$97,376.54
[33]

029 !29 (tie)
Tanaka, MasahiroMasahiro Tanaka
New York Yankees
Baseball
07 !7 years (2014–2020)
$155,000,000
$22,141,857
$136,684.30
[34]

029 !29 (tie)
Lester, JonJon Lester
Chicago Cubs
Baseball
06 !6 years (2015–2020)
$155,000,000
$25,833,333
$159,465.02
[35]

031 !31
González, AdriánAdrián González
Boston Red Sox*
Baseball
07 !7 years (2012–2018)
$154,000,000
$22,000,000
$135,802.67
[36]

032 !32 (tie)
Räikkönen, KimiKimi Räikkönen
Ferrari
Auto racing
03 !3 years (2007–2009)
$153,000,000
$51,000,000
$2,942,307.69

[37]

032 !32 (tie)
Ellsbury, JacobyJacoby Ellsbury
New York Yankees
Baseball
07 !7 years (2014–2020)
$153,000,000
$21,857,142
$134,920.64
[38]

034 !34
Conley, MikeMike Conley
Memphis Grizzlies
Basketball
5 years (2016–2020)
$152,605,576
$30,521,115
$372,208.72
[39]

035 !35
Cabrera, MiguelMiguel Cabrera
Detroit Tigers
Baseball
08 !8 years (2008–2015)
$152,300,000
$19,037,500
$117,515.43
[40]

036 !36
Helton, ToddTodd HeltonR
Colorado Rockies*
Baseball
11 years (2001–2011)
$151,500,000
$13,772,727
$85,016.83
[41]

037 !37
Greinke, ZackZack Greinke
Los Angeles Dodgers*
Baseball
06 !6 years (2013–2019)
$147,000,000
$24,500,000
$151,234.57
[42]

038 !38
Bale, GarethGareth Bale
Real Madrid C.F.
Association football
06 !6 years (2013–2019)
$146,280,000
$24,380,000
$406,333.33
[43]

039 !39
Trout, MikeMike Trout
Los Angeles Angels
Baseball
06 !6 years (2015–2020)
$144,500,000
$24,083,333
$148,662.55
[44]

040 !40
Hamels, ColeCole Hamels
Philadelphia Phillies*
Baseball
06 !6 years (2013–2018)
$144,000,000
$24,000,000
$148,148.15
[45]

041 !41
Crawford, CarlCarl CrawfordR
Boston Red Sox*
Baseball
07 !7 years (2011–2017)
$142,000,000
$20,285,714
$125,220.46
[46]

042 !42
Lillard, DamianDamian Lillard
Portland Trail Blazers
Basketball
05 !5 years (2016–2021)
$139,888,445
$27,977,689
$341,191.33
[47]

043 !43
Luck, AndrewAndrew Luck
Indianapolis Colts
American football
06 !6 years (2016–2021)
$139,125,000
$23,187,500
$1,449,218.75
[48]

044 !44
DeRozan, DeMarDeMar DeRozan
Toronto Raptors
Basketball
05 !5 years (2016–2021)
$139,000,000
$27,800,000
$339,024.39
[49]

045 !45
Wright, DavidDavid Wright
New York Mets
Baseball
08 !8 years (2013–2020)
$138,000,000
$17,250,000
$106,481.48
[50]

046 !46 (tie)
Santana, JohanJohan Santana
New York Mets*
Baseball
06 !6 years (2008–2013)
$137,500,000
$22,916,667
$141,460.91
[51]

046 !46 (tie)
Garoppolo, JimmyJimmy Garoppolo
San Francisco 49ers
American Football
05 !5 years (2018–2022)
$137,500,000
$27,500,000
$1,718,750.00
[52]

047 !47
Bryant, KobeKobe BryantR
Los Angeles Lakers*
Basketball
07 !7 years (2004–2011)
$136,400,000
$19,485,714
$237,630.66
[53]

048 !48
Soriano, AlfonsoAlfonso SorianoR
Chicago Cubs*
Baseball
08 !8 years (2007–2014)
$136,000,000
$17,000,000
$104,938.27
[54]

049 !49 (tie)
Freeman, FreddieFreddie Freeman
Atlanta Braves
Baseball
08 !8 years (2014–2021)
$135,000,000
$16,875,000
$104,166.67
[55]

049 !49 (tie)
Stafford, MatthewMatthew Stafford
Detroit Lions
American football
05 !5 years (2018–2022)
$135,000,000
$27,000,000
$1,687,500.00
[56]

050 !50
Upton, JustinJustin Upton
Detroit Tigers
Baseball
06 !6 years (2016–2021)
$132,750,000
$22,125,000
$136,574.07
[57]

051 !51
Johnson, CalvinCalvin JohnsonR
Detroit Lions*
American football
08 !8 years (2007–2015)
$132,000,000
$16,500,000
$1,031,250.00
[58]

052 !52 (tie)
Choo, Shin-SooShin-Soo Choo
Texas Rangers
Baseball
07 !7 years (2014–2020)
$130,000,000
$18,571,428
$114,638.45
[59]

052 !52 (tie)
Vick, MichaelMichael Vick3 R
Atlanta Falcons*
American football
10 years (2005–2014)
$130,000,000
$13,000,000
$812,500.00
[60]

052 !52 (tie)
Cueto, JohnnyJohnny Cueto
San Francisco Giants
Baseball
06 !6 years (2016–2021)
$130,000,000
$21,666,667
$133,744.86
[61]

055 !55 (tie)
Davis, AnthonyAnthony Davis
New Orleans Pelicans
Basketball
05 !5 years (2016–2021)
$127,171,313
$25,434,262
$310,173.93
[62]

055 !55 (tie)
Drummond, AndreAndre Drummond
Detroit Pistons
Basketball
05 !5 years (2016–2021)
$127,171,313
$25,434,262
$310,173.93
[63]

055 !55 (tie)
Beal, BradleyBradley Beal
Washington Wizards
Basketball
05 !5 years (2016–2021)
$127,171,313
$25,434,262
$310,173.93
[64]

058 !58
Cutler, JayJay CutlerR
Chicago Bears*
American football
07 !7 years (2014–2020)
$126,700,000
$18,100,000
$1,131,250.00
[65]

059 !59
O'Neal, JermaineJermaine O'NealR
Indiana Pacers*
Basketball
07 !7 years (2003–2010)
$126,558,000
$18,079,714
$220,484.32
[66]

060 !60 (tie)
Garnett, KevinKevin GarnettR
Minnesota Timberwolves*
Basketball
06 !6 years (1999–2005)
$126,000,000
$21,000,000
$256,097.56
[67]

060 !60 (tie)
Lewis, RashardRashard LewisR
Orlando Magic*
Basketball
06 !6 years (2007–2013)
$126,000,000
$21,000,000
$256,097.56
[68]

060 !60 (tie)
Wells, VernonVernon WellsR
Toronto Blue Jays*
Baseball
07 !7 years (2008–2014)
$126,000,000
$18,000,000
$111,111.11
[69]

060 !60 (tie)
Zito, BarryBarry ZitoR
San Francisco Giants*
Baseball
07 !7 years (2007–2013)
$126,000,000
$18,000,000
$111,111.11
[69]

060 !60 (tie)
Werth, JaysonJayson Werth
Washington Nationals
Baseball
07 !7 years (2011–2017)
$126,000,000
$18,000,000
$111,111.11
[70]

060 !60 (tie)
Kaepernick, ColinColin Kaepernick
San Francisco 49ers*
American football
06 !6 years (2015–2020)
$126,000,000
$21,000,000
$1,312,500.00
.[71]

060 !60 (tie)
Holiday, JrueJrue Holiday6
New Orleans Pelicans
Basketball
05 !5 years (2017–2022)
$126,000,000
$25,200,000
$307,317.07
[72]

067 !67 (tie)
Howard, RyanRyan Howard
Philadelphia Phillies*
Baseball
05 !5 years (2012–2016)
$125,000,000
$25,000,000
$154,320.99
[73]

067 !67 (tie)
Hamilton, JoshJosh Hamilton
Los Angeles Angels*
Baseball
05 !5 years (2013–2017)
$125,000,000
$25,000,000
$154,320.99
[74]

067 !67 (tie)
Carr, DerekDerek Carr
Oakland Raiders
American football
05 !5 years (2018–2022)
$125,000,000
$25,000,000
$1,562,500.00
[75]

070 !70
Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony
New York Knicks*
Basketball
05 !5 years (2014–2019)
$124,064,280
$24,812,856
$302,595.81
[76]

071 !71 (tie)
Schumacher, MichaelMichael SchumacherR
Ferrari*
Auto racing
04 !4 years (1996–1999)
$124,000,000
$31,000,000
$1,907,692.30
[77]

071 !71 (tie)
Ovechkin, AlexanderAlexander Ovechkin
Washington Capitals
Hockey
13 years (2008–2021)
$124,000,000
$9,538,461
$116,322.70
[78]

073 !73
Johnson, JoeJoe Johnson
Atlanta Hawks*
Basketball
06 !6 years (2010–2017)
$123,658,089
$20,609,681
$251,337.58
[79]

074 !74
Webber, ChrisChris WebberR
Sacramento Kings*
Basketball
07 !7 years (2001–2007)
$122,718,750
$17,531,250
$213,795.73
[80]

075 !75
Duncan, TimTim DuncanR
San Antonio Spurs*
Basketball
07 !7 years (2003–2010)
$122,007,704
$17,429,672
$212,556.98
[81]

076 !76
Hampton, MikeMike HamptonR
Colorado Rockies*
Baseball
08 !8 years (2001–2008)
$121,000,000
$15,125,000
$93,364.20
[41]

077 !77
Flacco, JoeJoe Flacco
Baltimore Ravens
American football
06 !6 years (2013–2018)
$120,600,000
$20,100,000
$1,256,250.00
[82]

078 !78 (tie)
Giambi, JasonJason GiambiR
New York Yankees*
Baseball
07 !7 years (2002–2008)
$120,000,000
$17,142,857
$105,820.10
[83]

078 !78 (tie)
Andrus, ElvisElvis Andrus
Texas Rangers
Baseball
08 !8 years (2015–2022)
$120,000,000
$15,000,000
$92,592.59
[84]

078 !78 (tie)
Lee, CliffCliff LeeR
Philadelphia Phillies*
Baseball
05 !5 years (2011–2015)
$120,000,000
$24,000,000
$148,148.15
[85]

078 !78 (tie)
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'NealR
Los Angeles Lakers*
Basketball
07 !7 years (1996–2003)
$120,000,000
$17,142,857
$209,059.23
[86]

078 !78 (tie)
Holliday, MattMatt Holliday
St. Louis Cardinals*
Baseball
07 !7 years (2010–2016)
$120,000,000
$17,142,857
$105,820.10
[87]

078 !78 (tie)
Fitzgerald, LarryLarry Fitzgerald
Arizona Cardinals
American football
08 !8 years (2011–2018)
$120,000,000
$15,000,000
$937,500.00
[88]

078 !78 (tie)
Batum, NicolasNicolas Batum
Charlotte Hornets
Basketball
05 !5 years (2016–2021)
$120,000,000
$24,000,000
$292,682.93
[89]

085 !85
Palmer, CarsonCarson Palmer
Cincinnati Bengals*
American football
09 !9 years (2006–2014)
$119,750,000‡
$13,305,555
$831,597.19
[90]

086 !86
Beltrán, CarlosCarlos Beltrán
New York Mets*
Baseball
07 !7 years (2005–2011)
$119,000,000
$17,000,000
$104,938.27
[91]

087 !87
Harden, JamesJames Harden
Houston Rockets
Basketball
04 !4 years (2016–2020)
$118,103,446
$29,525,861
$360,071.48
[92]

088 !88
Bosh, ChrisChris Bosh
Miami Heat
Basketball
05 !5 years (2014–2019)
$118,000,000
$23,600,000
$287,804.88
[93]

089 !89
Griffey, Jr., KenKen Griffey, Jr.R
Cincinnati Reds*
Baseball
09 !9 years (2000–2008)
$116,500,000
$12,944,444
$79,903.98
[41]

090 !90 (tie)
McNabb, DonovanDonovan McNabbR
Philadelphia Eagles*
American football
12 !12 years (2002–2013)
$115,000,000‡
$9,583,333
$598,958.31
[94]

090 !90 (tie)
Dalton, AndyAndy Dalton
Cincinnati Bengals
American football
06 !6 years (2015–2020)
$115,000,000‡
$19,166,667
$1,197,916.67
[95]

092 !92
Miller, VonVon Miller
Denver Broncos
American football
06 !6 years (2016–2021)
$114,500,000
$19,083,333
$1,192,708.33
[96]

093 !93
Suh, NdamukongNdamukong Suh
Miami Dolphins
American football
06 !6 years (2015–2020)
$114,000,000
$19,000,000
$1,187,500.00
[97]

094 !94
Horford, AlAl Horford
Boston Celtics
Basketball
04 !4 years (2016–2020)
$113,326,228
$28,331,557
$345,506.79
[98]

095 !95 (tie)
Love, KevinKevin Love
Cleveland Cavaliers
Basketball
05 !5 years (2015–2020)
$113,211,750
$22,642,350
$276,126.22
[99]

095 !95 (tie)
Gasol, MarcMarc Gasol
Memphis Grizzlies
Basketball
05 !5 years (2015–2020)
$113,211,750
$22,642,350
$276,126.22
[100]

097 !97
Cain, MattMatt Cain
San Francisco Giants
Baseball
06 !6 years (2012–2017)
$112,500,000
$18,666,667
$115,226.34
[101]

098 !98
Arenas, GilbertGilbert Arenas4 R
Washington Wizards*
Basketball
06 !6 years (2008–2013)
$111,000,000
$18,500,000
$225,609.76
[102]

099 !99 (tie)
Weber, SheaShea Weber
Nashville Predators*
Hockey
14 !14 years (2012–2026)
$110,000,000
$7,857,143
$95,818.82
[103]

099 !99 (tie)
Rodgers, AaronAaron Rodgers
Green Bay Packers
American football
05 !5 years (2015–2019)
$110,000,000
$22,000,000
$1,375,000.00
[104]

099 !99 (tie)
Zimmermann, JordanJordan Zimmermann
Detroit Tigers
Baseball
05 !5 years (2016–2020)
$110,000,000
$22,000,000
$135,802.47
[105]

099 !99 (tie)
Cespedes, YoenisYoenis Cespedes
New York Mets
Baseball
04 !4 years (2017–2020)
$110,000,000
$27,500,000
$169,753.09
[106]

099 !99 (tie)
Vettel, SebastianSebastian Vettel
Ferrari
Auto racing
03 !3 years (2015–2017)
$110,000,000
$36,666,667
$1,833,333.33
[107]

104 !104 (tie)
James, LeBronLeBron James
Miami Heat*
Basketball
06 !6 years (2010–2016)
$109,837,500
$18,306,250
$223,246.95
[108]

104 !104 (tie)
Bosh, ChrisChris Bosh
Miami Heat
Basketball
06 !6 years (2010–2016)
$109,837,500
$18,306,250
$223,246.95
[108]

106 !106
Romo, TonyTony RomoR
Dallas Cowboys*
American football
06 !6 years (2014–2019)
$108,000,000
$18,000,000
$1,125,000.00
[109]

107 !107
Paul, ChrisChris Paul
Los Angeles Clippers*
Basketball
05 !5 years (2013–2018)
$107,343,478
$21,468,696
$261,813.36
[110]

108 !108
Wade, DwyaneDwyane Wade
Miami Heat*
Basketball
06 !6 years (2010–2016)
$107,186,000
$17,864,333
$217,857.72
[111]

109 !109
Kemp, ShawnShawn KempR
Cleveland Cavaliers*
Basketball
07 !7 years (1997–2004)
$107,000,000
$15,285,714
$186,411.15
[112]

110 !110
McCollum, C.J.C.J. McCollum
Portland Trail Blazers
Basketball
04 !4 years (2017–2021)
$106,663,450
$26,665,862
$325,193.45
[113]

111
Porter, OttoOtto Porter
Washington Wizards
Basketball
4 years (2017–2021)
$106,524,975
$26,631,244
$324,771.27
[114]

112
Reyes, JoséJosé Reyes
Miami Marlins*
Baseball
06 !6 years (2012–2017)
$106,000,000
$17,666,666
$109,053.50
[115]

113
Howard, JuwanJuwan HowardR
Washington Bullets*
Basketball
07 !7 years (1996–2003)
$105,375,000
$15,053,571
$183,580.14
[116]

114 (tie)
Brown, KevinKevin BrownR
Los Angeles Dodgers*
Baseball
07 !7 years (1999–2005)
$105,000,000
$15,000,000
$92,592.59
[41]

114 !114 (tie)
Bailey, HomerHomer Bailey
Cincinnati Reds
Baseball
06 !6 years (2014–2019)
$105,000,000
$17,500,000
$108,024.61
[117]

114 !114 (tie)
Braun, RyanRyan Braun
Milwaukee Brewers
Baseball
05 !5 years (2016–2020)
$105,000,000
$21,000,000
$129,629.63
[118]

114 !114 (tie)
Mourning, AlonzoAlonzo MourningR
Miami Heat*
Basketball
07 !7 years (1996–2003)
$105,000,000
$15,000,000
$182,926.83
[119]

118 !118
Crosby, SidneySidney Crosby
Pittsburgh Penguins
Hockey
12 !12 years (2013–2025)
$104,400,000
$8,700,000
$106,097.56
[120]

119 !119
Rooney, WayneWayne Rooney
Manchester United
Association football
04 !4 years (2015–2019)
$104,000,000
$26,000,000
$498,000.00
[121]

120 !120
Newton, CamCam Newton
Carolina Panthers
American football
05 !5 years (2015–2020)
$103,800,000
$20,760,000
$1,297,500.00
[122]

121 !121
Ryan, MattMatt Ryan
Atlanta Falcons
American football
05 !5 years (2014–2018)
$103,750,000
$20,750,000
$1,296,875.00
[123]

122 !122
Kidd, JasonJason KiddR
New Jersey Nets*
Basketball
06 !6 years (2003–2009)
$103,572,000
$17,262,000
$210,512.20
[124]

123 !123
Bledsoe, DrewDrew BledsoeR
New England Patriots*
American football
10 !10 years (2001–2010)
$103,000,000
$10,300,000
$643,750.00
[125]

124 !124
Cox, FletcherFletcher Cox
Philadelphia Eagles
American football
06 !6 years (2017–2022)
$102,600,000
$17,100,000
$1,068,750.00
[126]

125 !125
Finley, MichaelMichael FinleyR
Dallas Mavericks*
Basketball
07 !7 years (2001–2008)
$102,265,625
$14,609,375
$178,163.11
[127]

126 !126 (tie)
Roethlisberger, BenBen Roethlisberger
Pittsburgh Steelers
American football
08 !8 years (2008–2015)
$102,000,000‡
$12,750,000
$796,875.00
[128]

126 !126 (tie)
Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
Real Madrid C.F.
Association football
06 !6 years (2009–2015)
$102,000,000
$17,000,000
$400,000.00
[129]

text:
1 – Rodriguez's 2014 salary was reduced to $2,868,853 due to his season-long suspension related to the Biogenesis baseball scandal[130] 2 – Rodriguez opted out of this contract after the 2007 season 3 – Vick's contract was terminated by the Atlanta Falcons after the 2006 season 4 – Arenas was suspended without pay for the majority of the 2009–10 season 5 – Based on regular season games only (excludes any playoff games), also in baseball, starting pitchers usually pitch every five games, resting during the interval between starts 6 – Exact contract figures will be available once the 2017–18 salary cap is set and contracts are officially signed R – retired Injury – While still technically under contract, injury has ended his career * – no longer on team
‡ – entirety of contract salary not guaranteed


document_title: Mechanical wave

question_text: what type of wave is the light mechanical or electromagnetic

text: Mechanical wave

text: Transverse wave[edit]

text: Transverse waves cause the medium to vibrate at a right angle to the direction of the wave or energy being carried by the medium.  Transverse waves have two parts—the crest and the trough.  The crest is the highest point of the wave and the trough is the lowest. The distance between a subsequent crest and a trough is half of wavelength. The wavelength is the distance from crest to crest or from trough to trough.

text: To see an example, move an end of a Slinky (whose other end is fixed) to the left-and-right of the Slinky, as opposed to to-and-fro.[2] Light also has properties of a transverse wave, although it is an electromagnetic wave.[3]

text: Longitudinal wave[edit]

text: Longitudinal waves cause the medium to vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave. It consists of multiple compressions and rarefactions. The rarefaction is the farthest distance apart in the longitudinal wave and the compression is the closest distance together. The speed of the longitudinal wave is increased in higher index of refraction, due to the closer proximity of the atoms in the medium that is being compressed. Sound is considered a longitudinal wave.

text: Surface waves[edit]

text: This type of wave travels along a surface that is between two media. An example of a surface wave would be waves in a pool, or in an ocean, lake, or any other type of water body. There are two types of surface waves, namely Rayleigh waves and Love waves.

text: Rayleigh waves, also known as ground roll, are waves that travel as ripples with motion similar to those of waves on the surface of water. Rayleigh waves are much slower than body waves[clarify], roughly 90% of the velocity of body waves for a typical homogeneous elastic medium.

text: A Love wave is a surface wave having horizontal waves that are shear or transverse to the direction of propagation. They usually travel slightly faster than Rayleigh waves, about 90% of the body wave velocity, and have the largest amplitude.

text: Examples[edit]

text:
Ocean waves
Sound waves
Seismic waves

tag: ul


document_title: List of National Basketball Association single-game rebounding leaders

question_text: who holds the record for the most rebounds in the nba

text: This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (December 2016)

text: This is a list of National Basketball Association players who have had 38 or more rebounds in a single game.

text: Multiple occurrences: Wilt Chamberlain 29 times (four times in the playoffs) and Bill Russell 23 times (seven times in the playoffs).

text: The NBA did not record rebounds until the 1950–51 season.

text:
^

Active NBA player

*

Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Occurred in playoff competition

text:
Rebounds

Player

Team

Date

Opponent

Notes

55

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

November 24, 1960

Boston Celtics

Record set in a losing effort; grabbed 31 rebounds in one half; scored 34 points.

51

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

February 5, 1960

Syracuse Nationals

Set a then-record.

49

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

November 16, 1957

Philadelphia Warriors

Set a then-record for rebounds in a game; set a still-standing record of 32 rebounds in a single half.

49

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

March 11, 1965

Detroit Pistons

45

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

February 6, 1960

Syracuse Nationals

Single-game record for a rookie; scored 44 points; the fourth quadruple double-double in NBA history.

45

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

January 21, 1961

Los Angeles Lakers

Scored 56 points; the fifth quadruple double-double in NBA history.

43

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

November 10, 1959

New York Knicks

Set a then-record for a rookie; scored 39 points.

43

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

December 8, 1961

Los Angeles Lakers

Triple overtime; Chamberlain also scored a then-record 78 points in the game; the sixth quadruple double-double in NBA history.

43

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

January 20, 1963

Los Angeles Lakers

43

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia 76ers

March 6, 1965

Boston Celtics

42

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

January 15, 1960

Boston Celtics

Rookie season; scored 44 points; the second quadruple double-double in NBA history.

42

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

January 25, 1960

Detroit Pistons

Rookie season; Chamberlain also scored a rookie record 58 points in the same game; the third quadruple double-double in NBA history.

42

Nate Thurmond*

San Francisco Warriors

November 9, 1965

Detroit Pistons

42

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia 76ers

January 14, 1966

Boston Celtics

Scored 37 points.

42

Wilt Chamberlain*

Los Angeles Lakers

March 7, 1969

Boston Celtics

Overtime.

41

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

February 12, 1958

Syracuse Nationals

41

Wilt Chamberlain*

San Francisco Warriors

October 26, 1962

Detroit Pistons

Overtime; scored 50 points; the seventh quadruple double-double in NBA history.

41

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

March 14, 1965

San Francisco Warriors

41

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia 76ers

April 5, 1967

Boston Celtics

Game 3 victory in the Eastern Division finals.

40

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

March 23, 1958

Philadelphia Warriors

Game 3 victory in the Eastern Division finals.

40

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

December 12, 1958

Cincinnati Royals

Overtime.

40

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

November 4, 1959

Syracuse Nationals

Set a then-record for a rookie; third game of career; scored 41 points; the first quadruple double-double in NBA history.

40

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

March 29, 1960

St. Louis Hawks

NBA Finals record (tie)

40

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

February 12, 1961

Philadelphia Warriors

40

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

April 18, 1962

Los Angeles Lakers

NBA Finals record (tie); game 7 overtime victory; Russell's 19 rebounds in a single quarter is the most of any NBA quarter — regular season or playoffs; scored 30 points.

40

Jerry Lucas*

Cincinnati Royals

February 29, 1964

Philadelphia 76ers

His rookie season.

40

Wilt Chamberlain*

San Francisco Warriors

November 22, 1964

Detroit Pistons

Scored 50 points; the eighth and final quadruple double-double in NBA history.

40

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia 76ers

December 28, 1965

Boston Celtics

Scored 31 points.

39

Neil Johnston*

Philadelphia Warriors

December 4, 1954

Syracuse Nationals

Set a then-record.

39

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

January 25, 1959

Detroit Pistons

39

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

December 19, 1959

New York Knicks

39

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

December 28, 1959

Cincinnati Royals

Rookie season; scored 39 points.

39

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

January 13, 1960

Syracuse Nationals

Rookie season; scored 42 points.

39

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

January 29, 1960

Boston Celtics

Rookie season; scored 43 points.

39

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

March 19, 1960

Philadelphia Warriors

39

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

March 23, 1961

Syracuse Nationals

39

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

November 4, 1961

Detroit Pistons

Scored 58 points.

39

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

December 21, 1961

New York Knicks

39

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia 76ers

April 6, 1965

Boston Celtics

Scored 30 points.

38

Maurice Stokes*

Rochester Royals

January 14, 1956

Syracuse Nationals

Rookie season; triple-double, scored 26 points with 12 assists.

38

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

February 23, 1958

Philadelphia Warriors

38

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

December 4, 1959

New York Knicks

38

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

November 29, 1960

Los Angeles Lakers

Scored 44 points.

38

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

December 18, 1960

Cincinnati Royals

Scored 32 points.

38

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

April 11, 1961

St. Louis Hawks

Scored 30 points

38

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia Warriors

November 25, 1961

Chicago Packers

Scored 39 points.

38

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

February 21, 1963

San Francisco Warriors

38

Wilt Chamberlain*

San Francisco Warriors

February 21, 1963

Boston Celtics

Scored 40 points.

38

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

April 16, 1963

Los Angeles Lakers

38

Wilt Chamberlain*

San Francisco Warriors

April 24, 1964

Boston Celtics

38

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

January 30, 1965

New York Knicks

38

Bill Russell*

Boston Celtics

March 3, 1965

Los Angeles Lakers

38

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia 76ers

March 2, 1967

San Francisco Warriors

Triple-double, scored 24 points with 13 assists.

38

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia 76ers

April 16, 1967

San Francisco Warriors

Triple-double, scored 10 points with 10 assists; 26 rebounds in one half, setting the NBA Playoffs record.

38

Wilt Chamberlain*

Philadelphia 76ers

December 20, 1967

Seattle SuperSonics

Scored 53 points.

38

Wilt Chamberlain*

Los Angeles Lakers

March 9, 1969

Baltimore Bullets

text: Since 1973[edit]

text: This is a complete listing for total rebounds since the 1973–74 season, but it is not a complete listing for offensive or defensive rebounds.

text:
Rebounds

Off

Def

Player

Team

Date

Opponent

Score

Minutes played

Points

20-20

Led the league in rebounding

Notes

37

19

18

Moses Malone*

Houston Rockets

February 9, 1979

New Orleans Jazz

106–99

44

33

Yes

Yes

14 rebounds in the first quarter.

35

16

19

Charles Oakley

Chicago Bulls

April 22, 1988

Cleveland Cavaliers

103–107

41

26

Yes

No

Second to last game of season, in a season rebounding title battle, which he lost by a .03 margin to Michael Cage.

34

5

29

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*

Los Angeles Lakers

December 14, 1975

Detroit Pistons

110–100

42

27

Yes

Yes

NBA single-game record for defensive rebounds.

34

18

16

Dennis Rodman*

Detroit Pistons

March 4, 1992

Indiana Pacers

110–107

45

10

No

Yes

Overtime.  21 rebounds in the second half, including 11 offensive rebounds.

34

8

26

Rony Seikaly

Miami Heat

March 3, 1993

Washington Bullets

125–106

40

12

No

No

Seikaly outrebounded the opposing team, 34–30.

33

15

18

Swen Nater

Milwaukee Bucks

December 19, 1976

Atlanta Hawks

126–109

41

30

Yes

No

33

16

17

Kevin Willis

Atlanta Hawks

February 19, 1992

Washington Bullets

102–103

45

20

Yes

No

Overtime.  11 offensive rebounds in a half.

33

8

25

Charles Barkley*

Houston Rockets

November 2, 1996

Phoenix Suns

110–95

45

20

Yes

No

Barkley outrebounded the opposing team 33–30, and played against his previous team for the first time.

32

4

28

Elvin Hayes*

Capital Bullets

November 17, 1973

Atlanta Hawks

115–109

48

43

Yes

Yes

On Hayes's 28th birthday.

32

7

25

Robert Parish*

Golden State Warriors

March 30, 1979

New York Knicks

114–98

36

30

Yes

No

11 rebounds in the first quarter.  15 rebounds in the first half, 17 rebounds in the second half.

32

7

25

Swen Nater (2)

San Diego Clippers

December 14, 1979

Denver Nuggets

112–108

44

12

No

Yes

21 rebounds in the second half.  18 defensive rebounds in the second half, setting the NBA record.  11 defensive rebounds in the fourth quarter.

32

21

11

Moses Malone* (2)

Houston Rockets

February 11, 1982

Seattle SuperSonics

117–100

44

38

Yes

Yes

NBA single-game record for offensive rebounds; 11 offensive rebounds in one half, 10 in the other half.  15 total rebounds in the first half, 17 rebounds in the second half.  Malone outrebounded the opposing team, 32–29.

32

12

20

Dennis Rodman* (2)

Detroit Pistons

January 28, 1992

Charlotte Hornets

100–95

50

16

No

Yes

Overtime.

32

9

23

Dennis Rodman* (3)

San Antonio Spurs

January 22, 1994

Dallas Mavericks

103–83

43

8

No

Yes

13 defensive rebounds in the first half.

31

14

17

Larry Smith

Golden State Warriors

March 28, 1981

Denver Nuggets

139–142

45

23

Yes

No

Rookie.  Last Warriors home game of season.

31

11

20

Kevin Willis (2)

Atlanta Hawks

December 3, 1991

Dallas Mavericks

103–99

40

29

Yes

No

31

9

22

Dennis Rodman* (4)

Detroit Pistons

March 14, 1992

Sacramento Kings

89–83

48

7

No

Yes

31

8

23

Dikembe Mutombo*

Denver Nuggets

March 26, 1996

Charlotte Hornets

112–119

51

16

No

No

Double overtime.

31

12

19

Kevin Love^

Minnesota Timberwolves

November 12, 2010

New York Knicks

112–103

40:39

31

Yes

Yes

15 rebounds in the third quarter, and 22 rebounds in the second half.  13 defensive rebounds in the second half.

30

11

19

Jim Fox

Seattle SuperSonics

December 26, 1973

Los Angeles Lakers

129–105

39

25

Yes

No

30

10

20

George T. Johnson

Golden State Warriors

March 15, 1974

Los Angeles Lakers

112–107

48

14

No

No

Elmore Smith of the Lakers had 11 blocks in the same game.

30

6

24

Wes Unseld*

Washington Bullets

April 6, 1975

New Orleans Jazz

119–103

46

11

No

Yes

Last game of season; won season rebounding title over Dave Cowens by a .01 margin.  14 rebounds in the first half, 16 rebounds in the second half.

30

7

23

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar* (2)

Los Angeles Lakers

February 3, 1978

New Jersey Nets

105–99

48

37

Yes

No

Overtime.

30

10

20

Swen Nater (3)

Buffalo Braves

March 4, 1978

New Jersey Nets

111–107

44

27

Yes

No

30

11

19

Michael Cage

Los Angeles Clippers

April 24, 1988

Seattle SuperSonics

100–109

48

8

No

Yes

Last game of season; won season rebounding title over Charles Oakley by a .03 margin.

30

11

19

Dennis Rodman* (5)

San Antonio Spurs

February 21, 1995

Houston Rockets

98–97

40

6

No

Yes

30

8

22

Andrew Bynum

Los Angeles Lakers

April 11, 2012

San Antonio Spurs

98–84

36:41

16

No

No

19 rebounds in the first half.

30

11

19

Dwight Howard^

Charlotte Hornets

March 21, 2018

Brooklyn Nets

111–105

34

32

Yes

TBD


document_title: The Bacchae

question_text: what are tiresias and cadmus doing at beginning of the play

text: The Bacchae

text: Various interpretations[edit]

text: The Bacchae has been the subject of widely varying interpretations regarding what the play as a whole means, or even indeed whether there is a “moral” to the story.

text: The extraordinary beauty and passion of the poetic choral descriptions indicate that the author certainly knew what attracted those who followed Dionysus. And the vivid gruesomeness of the punishment of Pentheus suggests that he could also understand those who were troubled by the religion.[10]

text: At one time the interpretation that prevailed was that the play was an expression of Euripides’ religious devotion, as though after a life of being critical of the Greek gods and their followers, the author finally repented of his cynicism, and wrote a play that honors Dionysus and that carries a dire warning to anyone who doesn’t believe.[4]

text: Then, at the end of the 19th century the opposite idea began to take hold; it was thought that Euripides was doing with The Bacchae what he had always done, pointing out the inadequacy of the Greek gods and religions.[11]

text: Background[edit]

text: The Dionysus in Euripides' tale is a young god, angry that his mortal family, the royal house of Cadmus, has denied him a place of honor as a deity. His mortal mother, Semele, was a mistress of Zeus; while pregnant she was killed, through trickery, by Hera, who was jealous of her husband's affair. When Semele died, her sisters said it was Zeus' will and accused her of lying; they also accused their father, Cadmus, of using Zeus as a coverup. Most of Semele's family refuse to believe Dionysus is the son of Zeus, and the young god is spurned in his home. He has traveled throughout Asia and other foreign lands, gathering a cult of female worshipers (Maenads or Bacchantes). At the play's start he has returned, disguised as a stranger, to take revenge on the house of Cadmus. He has also driven the women of Thebes, including his aunts, into an ecstatic frenzy, sending them dancing and hunting on Mount Cithaeron, much to the horror of their families. Complicating matters, his cousin, the young king Pentheus, has declared a ban on the worship of Dionysus throughout Thebes.[12]

text: Plot[edit]

text: The play begins in front of the palace of Thebes, with Dionysus telling the story of his origin and his reasons for visiting the city. Dionysus explains that he was born prematurely, when Hera made Zeus send down a lightning bolt, killing the pregnant Semele and causing the birth. Some in Thebes, he notes, don’t believe this story. In fact, Semele’s sisters—Autonoe, Agave, and Ino—claim it is a lie intended to cover up the fact that Semele became pregnant by some mortal; they say Zeus' lightning was a punishment for the lie. Dionysus reveals that he has driven the women of the city mad, including his three aunts, and has led them into the mountains to observe his ritual festivities. He explains that while he is appearing, at the moment, disguised as a mortal, he will vindicate his mother by appearing before all of Thebes as a god, the son of Zeus, and establishing his permanent cult of followers.[6]

text: Dionysus exits to go into the mountains, and the chorus enters. They dance and sing, celebrating Dionysus and adding details of his birth and the Dionysian rites. Then Tiresias, the blind and elderly seer, appears. He knocks on the palace doors and calls for Cadmus, the founder and former king of Thebes. The two venerable old men are planning to join the revelry in the mountains when Cadmus’ grandson Pentheus, the current king, enters. Disgusted to find the two old men in festival dress, he scolds them and orders his soldiers to arrest anyone engaging in Dionysian worship. He wants the "foreigner", whom he doesn't recognize as Dionysus in disguise, to be captured. Pentheus intends to have him stoned to death.[13]

text: The guards soon return with Dionysus himself. His hands are bound, and he is disguised as a priest and the leader of the Asian Maenads. Pentheus questions him, his words showing both his skepticism and his interest in the Dionysian rites. Dionysus' answers keep the meaning hidden, only hinting at the truth Pentheus cannot see. Infuriated, Pentheus has him taken away in chains and locked up in his stable, where the guards attach the other end of their prisoner's chains to the hooves of an angry bull. Dionysus, being a god and powerful, breaks free and creates more havoc, razing the palace with an earthquake and fire. Dionysus is confronting Pentheus, when a herdsman arrives from the top of Mount Cithaeron, where he had been herding his grazing cattle. He reports that he found women on the mountain behaving strangely. First, some were sleeping quietly, or drinking wine while listening to flute music. Some were going into the woods "in pursuit of love". Some women were putting snakes in their hair, some were suckling wild wolves and gazelles. Some caused water, wine or milk to spring up from the ground. One woman had honey oozing from her thyrsus. The herdsmen and the shepherds made a plan to capture one particular celebrant, Pentheus' mother. But when they jumped out of hiding to grab her, the tables were turned, and the women pursued the men. The men escaped, but their cattle were not so fortunate, as the women fell upon the animals, ripping them to shreds with their bare hands. The women carried on, plundering two villages that were further down the mountain, stealing bronze, iron and even babies. When villagers attempted to fight back, the women drove them off using only their ceremonial staffs of fennel. They then returned to the mountain top and washed up, as snakes licked them clean.[14]

text: Dionysus, still in disguise, persuades Pentheus to forgo his plan to defeat and massacre the women with an armed force. He says it would be better first to spy on them, while disguised as a female Maenad to avoid detection.[15] Dressing Pentheus in this fashion, giving him a thyrsus and fawn skins, Dionysus leads him out of the house. At this point, Pentheus appears not wholly sane, as he thinks he sees two suns in the sky, and believes he now has the strength to rip up mountains with his bare hands. He has also begun to see through Dionysus' mortal disguise, perceiving horns coming out of the god's head.

text: A messenger arrives to report that once they reached Mount Cithaeron, Pentheus wanted to climb an evergreen tree to get a better view and the stranger used divine power to bend down the tall tree and place the king in its highest branches. Then Dionysus, revealing himself, called out to his followers and pointed out the man in the tree. This drove the Maenads wild. Led by Agave, his mother, they forced the trapped Pentheus down from the tree top, ripped off his limbs and his head, and tore his body into pieces.

text: After the messenger has relayed this news, Agave arrives, carrying her son's head. In her possessed state, she believes it is the head of a mountain lion. She proudly displays it to her father, Cadmus, and is confused when he does not delight in her trophy, and his face instead contorts in horror. Agave then calls out for Pentheus to come marvel at her feat, and nail the head above her door so she can show it to all of Thebes. But Dionysus' possession begins to wear off, and Cadmus forces her to recognize what she's done. As the play ends, the corpse of Pentheus is reassembled as well as is possible, the royal family devastated and destroyed. Agave and her sisters are sent into exile, and Dionysus decrees that Cadmus and his wife Harmonia will be turned into snakes and leads a barbarian horde to plunder the cities of Hellas.[16]

text: Modern productions[edit]

text: Dramatic versions[edit]

text:
Joe Orton's play The Erpingham Camp (television broadcast 27 June 1966; opened at the Royal Court Theatre on 6 June 1967) relocates The Bacchae to a British holiday camp. An author's note states: "No attempt must be made to reproduce the various locales in a naturalistic manner. A small, permanent set of Erpingham's office is set on a high level. The rest of the stage is an unlocalised area. Changes of scene are suggested by lighting and banners after the manner of the Royal Shakespeare Company's productions of Shakespeare's histories."[17]
In 1970, Brian De Palma filmed Richard Schechner's dramatic re-envisioning of the work, Dionysus in 69, in a converted garage.[18]
Wole Soyinka adapted the play as The Bacchae of Euripides: A Communion Rite with the British Royal National Theatre in London in 1973, incorporating a second chorus of slaves to mirror the civil unrest in his native Nigeria.[19]
Caryl Churchill and David Lan used the play as the basis of their 1986 dance-theatre hybrid A Mouthful of Birds.
In 1989 Costas Ferris adapted `The Bacchae` for his film Oh Babylon and retells it in a more modern guise.
Andre Gregory related in My Dinner With Andre that he put on a production at Yale University and campaigned to have a real cadaver's head used for Pentheus', but the actress playing Agave refused.
The Bacchae 2.1, a theatrical adaptation set in modern times, was written by Charles Mee and first performed in 1993.[20]
Swedish director Ingmar Bergman directed The Bacchae three times: as an opera (1991) for the Royal Swedish Opera, as a film (1993) for Sveriges Television, and on stage (1996) for the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm. These three versions received great acclaim amidst some mixed reviews.[21]

text:
In 1997, Brad Mays directed his own adaptation of the play at The Complex in Los Angeles, where it broke all box office records and was nominated for three LA Weekly Theater Awards:[22] for Best Direction, Best Musical Score and Best Production Design. Because it featured levels of violence and nudity rare for even experimental theater, it was widely discussed in print,[23] and even videotaped for the Lincoln Center's Billy Rose Theatre Collection in New York.[24] The production was eventually made into an independent feature film[25] which, interestingly, featured Will Shepherd[26] – the Pentheus of Richard Schechner's Dionysus in '69 – as Cadmus. Both the stage and film versions were produced by Mays' wife, Lorenda Starfelt.
On 20 April 2003 BBC Radio 3 premiered the radio play Dionysos – a ninety-minute drama based on The Bacchae – written by Andrew Rissik and starring Chiwetel Ejiofor, with Paul Scofield as Cadmus and Diana Rigg as Agave.[27] It was repeated on BBC Radio 7 in May 2008.
In 2004, KneeHigh Theatre company toured a reinvented version of The Bacchae as "A contemporary postmodern folk tale", directed by Emma Rice.
In 2007, David Greig wrote an adaptation of The Bacchae for the National Theatre of Scotland starring Alan Cumming as Dionysus, with ten soul-singing followers in place of the traditional Greek chorus. A critically praised run at New York's Lincoln Center Rose Theater followed the premiere in Scotland.[28]

text:
Luigi Lo Cascio's multimedia adaptation La Caccia (The Hunt) won the Biglietto d' Oro del Teatro prize in 2008. The free adaptation combines live theater with animations by Nicola Console and Desideria Rayner's video projections. A revised 2009 version went on tour with original music by Andrea Rocca.
In 2008, James Thomas directed Peter Arnott's faithful and audience-friendly translation of The Bacchae as part of MacMillan Films series on Greek drama. The production featured Mia Perovetz as Dionysus, a traditional Greek chorus with Morgan Marcum as the chorus leader and the dance choreography of Angessa Hughmanick.

text: Operatic versions[edit]

text:
In 1941–1944, Giorgio Federico Ghedini composed an opera in Italian based on The Bacchae and called Le Baccanti, with libretto by playwright and screenwriter Tullio Pinelli. It debuted at La Scala in Milan on February 22, 1948. It was revived in Milan in 1972.[29]
Harry Partch composed an opera based on The Bacchae titled Revelation in the Courthouse Park. It was first performed in 1960, and a recording was released in 1987.
Another opera based on The Bacchae, called The Bassarids, was composed in 1965 by Hans Werner Henze. The libretto was by W. H. Auden and Chester Kallman.
John Buller composed an opera Bakxai (The Bacchae) which was produced at the English National Opera in London in 1992. The Libretto was in ancient Greek.[30]
Georgia Spiropoulos composed a solo opera for performer, electronics and lights called Les Bacchantes. The work premiered at Ircam during the 2010 Agora Festival, starring Médéric Collignon.
Karol Szymanowski's second opera King Roger is based on The Bacchae.
Daniel Börtz' opera Backanterna (Swedish for the Bacchae) is based on The Bacchae. The opera premiered at the Royal Swedish Opera in Stockholm in 1991. The music was used in Ingmar Bergman's 1993 TV opera film.[31]

text: Musical versions[edit]

text:
Gustav Holst's "Hymn to Dionysus" (Op. 31, No. 2) is a setting for female voices and orchestra of the parodos from The Bacchae in the translation by Gilbert Murray. It was composed in 1913 and premiered in 1914.[32]
In Summer 2009, the Public Theater (of New York City) produced a version of The Bacchae with music by Philip Glass.
In Fall 2013, the Globe Theatre produced a musical adaptation of The Bacchae, The Lightning Child, written by Ché Walker.[33] Music was scored by Arthur Darvill.[34]

text: Film versions[edit]

text:
In 1961 Italian filmmaker Giorgio Ferroni directed his own adaptation of the tragedy as Le baccanti, with French actor Pierre Brice as Dionysus, Italian actors Alberto Lupo and Miranda Campa respectively as Pentheus and Agave, Finnish actress-dancer Taina Elg as Dirce, and Russian actor Akim Tamiroff as Tiresias. American choreographer Herbert Ross directed the bacchantes' dance sequences.
In 1970 American filmmaker Brian De Palma and theater director Richard Schechner filmed the stage adaptation Dionysus in '69, performed by members of The Performance Group, an experimental theater group in New York that would later become The Wooster Group.
IMDb lists at least five adaptations made for television.

text: Significant quotations[edit]

text: Religious significance[edit]

text: The ancient Greek concept of religion was very different from the concept as it is generally known today. The Greek gods did not demand worship. Instead they merely demanded to be recognized and accepted as a part of the human experience.[2] The scene of Dionysus being brought before King Pentheus to be interrogated regarding his claim of divinity has been compared to Jesus’s interrogation by Pontius Pilate.[35] However, that particular comparison is limited; Dionysus before his interrogator is not a meek sacrifice about to be crucified; rather, the shoe is on the other foot and Dionysus will soon be sending the king to die by being torn apart by his own mother.[11]

text: Dramatic structure[edit]

text: In the play's climactic plot construction, Dionysus the protagonist instigates the unfolding action by simultaneously emulating the play's author, costume designer, choreographer and artistic director.[36] Helene P. Foley, writing of the importance of Dionysus as the central character and his effect on the play's structure, observes: "The poet uses the ritual crisis to explore simultaneously god, man, society, and his own tragic art. In this protodrama Dionysus, the god of the theatre, stage-directs the play."[37]

text: At the play's start, Dionysus' exposition highlights the play's central conflict: the invasion of Greece by an Asian religion.[38]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: Until the late 19th century, the play's themes were considered too gruesome to be studied and appreciated. It was Nietzsche's "Birth of Tragedy" in 1872 that re-posed the question of Dionysus's relation with the theatre and awakened interest in The Bacchae. In the 20th century, performances became quite fashionable—particularly in opera, due in part to the dramatic choruses found throughout the story.[39] In 1948, R.P. Winnington-Ingram said of Euripides' handling of the play: "On its poetical and dramatic beauties, he writes with charm and insight; on more complex themes, he shows equal mastery."[40] Recent criticism has been provided by P.E. Easterling, et al. in The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy.

text: Influences[edit]

text: The Bacchae had an enormous impact on Roman literature. It seems to have been one of Horace's favorite tragedies.[41] The play's influence, however, has extended far beyond the Romans; dramatists and filmmakers of all ages have been greatly impacted by it. The tragedy's influence can be seen in the writings of Henrik Ibsen,[42] as well as Thomas Mann's 1912 novella Death in Venice[43] and Oliver Stone's 2004 film Alexander.[44]

text: Translations[edit]

text:
Theodore Alois Buckley, 1850: prose[45]
Henry Hart Milman, 1865: verse
Edward P. Coleridge, 1891: prose[46]
Gilbert Murray, 1911: verse[47]
Arthur S. Way, 1912: verse
D. W. Lucas, 1930: prose
Philip Vellacott, 1954: prose and verse
F. L. Lucas, 1954: verse[48]
Henry Birkhead, 1957: verse
William Arrowsmith, 1958: verse
Moses Hadas and John McLean, 1960: prose
Paul Roche, 1969: verse
Geoffrey Kirk, 1970: prose and verse
Robert Bagg, 1978: verse (as The Bakkhai)
Michael Cacoyannis, 1982: verse
Matt Neuberg, 1988: verse[49]
Arthur Evans, 1988, prose and verse, as The God of Ecstasy (St. Martin's Press)
Nicholas Rudall, 1996
Richard Seaford, 1996: prose
Daniel Mark Epstein, 1998;verse
Paul Woodruff, 1999: verse
Reginald Gibbons, 2000: verse ISBN 0-19-512598-3
James Morwood, 2000: ISBN 0-19-283875-X
David Franklin, 2000: prose[50]
Ian Johnston, 2003: verse[51]
Colin Teevan, 2003: verse (as "Bacchai")
George Theodoridis, 2005: prose[52]
Michael Valerie, 2005: verse[53]
Michael Scanlan, 2006: verse (La Salle Academy: Providence, RI)
Graham Kirby, 2009: verse (The Scoop)
Che Walker, 2013: play with songs as The Lightning Child
Robin Robertson, 2014: verse
Anne Carson, 2015: verse (as The Bakkhai)
David Stuttard, 2016: verse[54]


document_title: Butler Act

question_text: what was one result of the butler act

question_tokens: what was one result of the butler act

text: Butler Act

text: Provisions of the law[edit]

text: The law, "An act prohibiting the teaching of the Evolution Theory in all the Universities, and all other public schools of Tennessee, which are supported in whole or in part by the public school funds of the State, and to provide penalties for the violations thereof" (Tenn. HB 185, 1925) specifically provided:

text: It additionally outlined that an offending teacher would be guilty of a misdemeanor and fined between $100 and $500 for each offense.

text: By the terms of the statute, it could be argued, it was not illegal to teach evolution in respect to non-human creatures, such as that apes descended from protozoa or to teach the mechanisms of variation and natural selection. The bill also did not touch on, or restrict the teaching of prevailing scientific theories of geology or the age of the Earth. It did not even require that the Genesis story be taught, but prohibited solely the teaching that man evolved, or any other theory denying that man was created by God as recorded in Genesis. However the author of the law, a Tennessee farmer named John Washington Butler, specifically intended that it would prohibit the teaching of evolution. He later was reported to have said, "No, I didn't know anything about evolution when I introduced it. I'd read in the papers that boys and girls were coming home from school and telling their fathers and mothers that the Bible was all nonsense." After reading copies of William Jennings Bryan's lecture "Is the Bible True?" as well as Charles Darwin's The Origin of Species and The Descent of Man,[citation needed] Butler decided the teaching of evolution was dangerous.

text: Challenges[edit]

text: The law was challenged by the ACLU in the famed Scopes Trial, in which John Scopes, a high school science teacher who agreed to be arrested on a charge of having taught evolution, and was nominally served a warrant on May 5, 1925. Scopes was indicted on May 25 and ultimately convicted; on appeal the Tennessee Supreme Court found the law to be constitutional under the Tennessee State Constitution, because:

text: We are not able to see how the prohibition of teaching the theory that man has descended from a lower order of animals gives preference to any religious establishment or mode of worship. So far as we know, there is no religious establishment or organized body that has in its creed or confession of faith any article denying or affirming such a theory. — Scopes v. State 289 S.W. 363, 367 (Tenn. 1927)

text: Despite this decision, the Tennessee Supreme Court reversed the conviction on a technicality (that the jury should have fixed the amount of the fine), and the case was not retried. During the trial, Butler told reporters: "I never had any idea my bill would make a fuss. I just thought it would become a law, and that everybody would abide by it and that we wouldn't hear any more of evolution in Tennessee."

text: The law remained on the books until 1967, when teacher Gary L. Scott of Jacksboro, Tennessee, who had been dismissed for violation of the act, sued for reinstatement, citing his First Amendment right to free speech. Although his termination was rescinded, Scott continued his fight with a class action lawsuit in the Nashville Federal District Court, seeking a permanent injunction against enforcement of that law. Within three days of his filing suit, a bill for repeal of the Butler Act had passed both houses of the Tennessee legislature and was signed into law May 18 by Governor Buford Ellington.[2]