document_title: Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

question_text: who is gayu in yeh rishta kya kehlata hai

text: Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

text: Plot

text: This section's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai is the story of a young couple who live in a Marwari joint family in Udaipur. The story showcases their journey as a married couple going through adjustment issues, as parents of young children, and how they learn to love each other and their respective extended families while becoming mature members of their household.

text: Naitik meant with an accident where he is in a coma. Naksh (Akshara-Naitik's son) is now 5 and doesn't know about his father. One day, Naitik comes back and a first Naksh doesn't accept him but then he does. When events take place now. Soon the family travel and Gayatri (Naitik's mother) dies. Now Rajpuna (Naitik's dad) is asked to marry someone, and he marries Devyani, who comes with her two children from a divorced marriage. Later, Bhabimaa's husband died, and Bhabimaa (Naitik's aunt) blames it on Akshara and kicks her out of the house, after Akshara's daughter Naira is born. Akshara, Naitik, Naksh and Naira leave the house.

text: Naksh as a now mature adult and Naira is a diva teenager. Akshara and Naitik, along with Naksh and Naira, live in Cape Town. Naksh returns to Udaipur. He tries to clear up the misunderstanding with Bhabima. After many days, Akshara is forgiven and is allowed to return. The story then focuses on Naksh. He falls in love with Tara, and preparations for their wedding are made. Just minutes before the ceremony, she breaks up with him.

text: The show focuses on teenage Naira, who flees from her house and now lives in Rishikesh, nursing hatred for her mother. After finding Naira, the story takes a new twist: a love triangle that forms between Kartik (Naitik's employee), Naira and Gayu (Naitik's niece). Naira and Kartik have feelings for each other but don't know that it's love. Meanwhile Gayu loves Kartik, unaware that Kartik doesn't love her back. When Kartik proposes Naira, she initially rejects him, but by the time she realizes that Gayu also loves him, she thinks of sacrificing her happiness in favor of Gayu. When Mishti reveals that Kartik loves only Naira, Kartik and Naira confess their love for each other; Gayatri understands. Kartik doesn't want to talk about his family as he hates them. Meanwhile, on Akshara's birthday, everyone goes for a veneration, but Akshara dies in a car accident. Singhanias blame Kartik for Akshara's death as Kartik was found drunk and injured at the accident site. Kartik's family shows up and supports Kartik. Later, Naira finds that Kartik is not the culprit. She proves Kartik's innocence by finding the real culprit. Kartik doesn't like his father and stepmother as he thinks they were responsible for his mother's death. Seeing Kartik's feelings towards a Singhanias, his family approves of their relationship in spite of not being much in favor of it.

text: The two families start making preparations for their wedding. Naira unexpectedly enters the Goenka house during the Tilak ceremony (which is considered to be unlucky before the wedding); Karthik's grandmother demands Naira's name to be changed as a solution. Just before the wedding, Kartik discovers the real culprit who ran Akshara over and yearns to tell Naira, but his uncle convinces him that he will tell her. He reneges and tells Naira only that Kartik is missing his mother. Finally, the wedding takes place. Currently the series is about the situations following the wedding. Just one day after the wedding, Kartik finds out about the promise Naira made to Suwarna before the wedding that she would try to convince Kartik to stay in the Goenka house forever. He immediately leaves with Naira to stay in a separate flat; Naira is not happy about it. Naira is injured by robbers, causing them to move back to the Goenka home. Naira meets the man whose brother is in jail for killing her mother and learns that Akshara's accident was caused by Mansi, Karthik's sister. The news reaches the Singhanias and they are heartbroken. The Goenkas come to apologize. Naira is initially very hurt and angry with Karthik, but she understands that it's not his fault. She takes Akshara's accident case back and forgives Mansi. On Karthik's birthday, he comes to know that Aditya tortures Keerthi and, along with Naira, decides to expose him.

text: Parallel story arcs

text: Parallel with Akshara and Naitik's stories, the stories of their respective siblings also form significant story arcs in the series. Past plots have been built around the lives of Naitik's sisters Nandini and Rashmi. The series has also focused on Naitik's step-siblings. The series also paralleled the story of Akshara-Naitik with that of Varsha-Shaurya. Varsha is Akshara's best friend, and Shaurya is Akshara's older brother. The shows also focus on Naksh, Kartik, Naira, Gayatri "Gayu" Deora and Tara. Naksh is Naitik and Akshara's son; Gayu is Nikhil-Rashmi's daughter (Sameer's stepdaughter). Naira, the youngest child and only daughter of Akshara and Naitik, is now the main female lead character of the show. Kartik, Naitik's employee and Naira's love interest, is the new male lead character of the show. Tara was Naksh's fiancée until she leaves him.

text: Cast

text: This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Per WP:TVCAST, cast lists need to be reorganised chronologically, with newer members of the cast being added to the bottom of each list. Ex: Someone introduced in 2009 belongs above someone introduced in 2017. Note also that "Former cast" is not a valid subsection of cast, as cast members do not cease being important just by leaving a TV series. Please help improve this section if you can. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Main cast

text:
Hina Khan as Akshara Naitik Singhania / Akshara Maheshwari , Vishambhar-Rajshri's daughter, Naitik's wife, Naksh-Naira's mother (former main female lead, dead) (2009–16)[1]
Mishka Jain as Baby Naira Naitik Singhania, Naitik-Akshara's daughter (2015) (replaced)
Ashnoor Kaur as Young Naira Naitik Singhania, Naitik-Akshara's daughter (2015–16) (replaced)
Shivangi Joshi as Naira Kartik Goenka/ Naira Naitik Singhania Kartik's wife, Naitik-Akshara's daughter (2016–)[2]
Mohsin Khan (actor) as Kartik Manish Goenka, Naira's Husband (2016–)[3]
Bani as Baby Naksh Naitik Singhania, Naitik-Akshara's son (2011–12) (replaced)
Shivansh Kotia as Young Naksh Naitik Singhania, Naitik-Akshara's son (2012–15) (replaced)
Rohan Mehra as Naksh Naitik Singhania, Akshara-Naitik's son, Naira's brother, Naintara's ex fiance (2nd Main Male Lead) (2015–16) (replaced by Rishi)[4]
Rishi Dev as Naksh Naitik Singhania, Akshara and Naitik's son, Naira's brother (2017-)
Umang Jain as Tara Singh Shekhawat, Naksh's ex fiance (2015–16)
Mohena Singh as Kirti Bansal, Aditya's wife, Karthik's sister (2016-)
Kanchi Singh as Gayatri Nikhil Deora, Naira's cousin, Rashmi-Nikhil's daughter, Sameer's step-daughter (2016-2017)

text: Recurring cast

text:
Karan Mehra as Naitik Raj Shekhar Singhania, Gaytri-Raj's son, Akshara's husband, Naksh-Naira's father (Former Main Male Lead) (2009–16) (replaced by Vishal)[5]
Neha Saroopa as Rashmi Sameer Desai/Rashmi Nikhil Deora (née Singhania), Gaytri-Raj's daughter, Naitik's sister, Nikhil-Sameer's wife, Gayu's mother (2009–16) (dead)
Mazher Sayed as Sameer Desai, Rashmi's second husband (2015)
Vishal Singh as Naitik Raj Shekhar Singhania, Akshara's husband, Naksh-Naira's father (2016-)
Parul Chauhan as Suvarna Manish Goenka, Kirti's & Kartik step-mother (2016–)[6]
Sachin Tyagi as Manish Goenka, Kartik's and Kirti father (2016–)[7]
Romit Sharma as Aditya Bansal, Karthik's brother -in-law, Kirti's husband (2017-)[8]
Swati Chitnis as Suhasini Goenka, Kartik's paternal grandmother (dadi) (2017–)
Ali Hassan as Akhilesh Goenka, Kartik's paternal uncle (chachu) (2016–)
Shilpa Raizada as Surekha Goenka, Akhilesh's wife, Kartik's aunt (chachi) (2016–)
Sandeep Mehta as Raj Shekhar Singhania, Naitik's father, Akshara's father in law, Naira's paternal grandfather (dadaji) (2009–)
Kshitee Jog as Devyani Raj Shekhar Singhania, Raj Shekhar's 2nd wife, Naira's paternal grandmother (choti dadi) (2013–)
Medha Sambutkar as Kaveri Mahendra Pratap Singhania, Naitik's bhabhi maa, Nandini's mother, Naira's paternal grandaunt (badi dadi) (2009–)
Kirti Sualy as Baisa, Naitik's dadi Naira's paternal grandaunt (bua dadi) (2010-)
Priyanka Udhwani as Karishma Naman Singhania, Naman's wife, Naira's aunt (chachi) (2014–)
Aarna Sharma as Mishti Naman Singhania, Naira's cousin, Naman-Karishma's daughter (2015–)
Sanjeev Seth as Vishambharnath Maheshwari, Akshara's father, Naira's maternal grandfather (nanu) (2009–)
Lata Sabharwal as Rajshri Vishambharnath Maheshwari, Akshara's mother, Naira's maternal grandmother (nani) (2009–)
Shravan Mehta as Kiran, Naira's dance partner and friend (2017)[9]
Harbandana Kaur as Young Kuhu (2016)
Sonali Verma as Gayatri Raj Shekhar Singhania, Raj's 1st wife, Naitik-Rashmi's mother, Akshara's mother in law, Naksh-Naira's grandmother (2009–13) (dead)
Sanjai Gandhi/Abhijeet Lahri as Mahendra Pratap Singhania (Dadaji), Kaveri's husband, Nandini's father, Naitik's uncle (2009–15) (dead)
Manu Malik as Omkarnath Maheshwari, Akshara's uncle, Sunaina's husband, Anshuman's father (2009–16)
Neelima Taddepalli as Sunaina Omkarnath Maheshwari, Naira's maternal grand aunt (choti nani) Akshara's aunt, Omkar's wife, Anshuman's mother (2009–16)
Aman Sharma/Dheeraj Gumbar as Anshuman Omkarnath Maheshwari, Akshara's cousin brother, Jasmeet's husband (2009–16)
Shirin Sewani as Jasmeet Anshuman Maheshwari, Anshuman's wife (2014–16)
Anshul Pandey as Naman Raj Singhania, Suresh-Devyani's son, Raj's step son, Muskaan's brother, Karishma's husband, Mishti's father (2014–16)[10][11]
Vineeta Malik as Bhairavi Maheshwari, Vishambharnath-Omkarnath's mother, Akshara's grandmother, Naira's maternal great grand mother (badi nani) (2009–16)
Pooja Joshi as Varsha Shaurya Maheshwari, Akshara's freind, Shaurya's wife, Ananya-Kuhu's mother, Naira's maternal aunt (mami) (2009–17)
Ather Habib/Yash Gera as Shaurya Vishambharnath Maheshwari, Akshara's brother, Varsha's husband, Ananya-Kuhu's father, Naira's maternal uncle (mamaji) (2009–17)[12]
Yamini Makwana as Kuhu Shaurya Maheshwari, Naira's cousin, Shaurya-Sneha's daughter (2016-17)
Akshaya Naik as Ananya Ranveer Sharma, Naira's cousin, Varsha-Shaurya's daughter, Ranveer's wife (2015–16)
Arjun Kohli as Ranveer Sharma, Ananya's husband (2016)
Nidhi Uttam as Nandini Mohit Agarwal, Kaveri-Mahendra Pratap's daughter, Mohit's wife, Yash-Anmol's mother, Naira's paternal aunt (bua) (2009–16)
Ayush Agarwal/Shamik Abbas as Mohit Agarwal, Naitik's best friend, Nandini's husband, Naira's uncle (phupaji) (2009–16)
Sanchit Sharma as Yash Mohit Agarwal, Naira's cousin, Nandini-Mohit's adopted son, Rose's husband (2015–16)
Sippora Zoutewelle as Rose Yash Agarwal, Yash's wife (2016)
Karan Pahwa as Anmol Mohit Agarwal, Naira's cousin, Nandini-Mohit's son (2016)
Urmila Sharma/Sunita Rao as Rukmini Agarwal, Mohit's mother (2009–16)
Alok Nath as Chandrabhan Singh Shekhawat, Tara's grandfather (2015–16)
Amal Sehrawat as Sangram Singh Shekhawat, Tara's brother (2015–16)
Shivam Agarwal as Aditya Singh Shekhawat, Tara's brother (2015–16)
Vaishali Takkar as Sanjana, Naksh's friend (2015–16)
Khushmeet Gill as Nannu Anshuman Maheshwari, Anshuman-Jasmeet's son (2015–16)
Navika Kotia as Prerna Singhania, Grown up Chikki (2013)
Reem Sheikh as young Prerna Singhania (chikki), Singhania's adopted child (2012)
Zarina Roshan Khan as Muskaan Alok Awasthi, Naman's sister (2014–15)
Amit Dolawat as Alok Awasthi, Muskaan's husband (2009; 2014–15)
Ashish Kapoor as Nikhil Rajendra Deora, Rashmi's ex-husband (2011–12)
Unknown as Rama Rajendra Deora, Rashmi's mother in law, Nikhil's mother (2011–16)
Rakesh Deewana as Maharaj, Singhania's ex chef (2009–14)
Roshan Khan as Gopi Dadi, Bhairvi's friend (2009–14)
Ali Merchant as Rituraj, Naitik's cousin brother (2009; 2011–12)
Preeti Sharma as Bindiya, Rituraj's wife (2009)
Amardeep Jha as Shankari, Akshara's match-maker (2009–16)
Charu Asopa as Sneha: Naitik's worker, Kuhu's mother (2010)
Anurag Nigam as Ankit (2013)
Alpesh Gehlot as Samar, Akshara's admirer (2012)
Anand Mani as Bhajinder Singh, Maheshwari's servant (2009–12)
Sunita Rajwar as Dhaniya Bhajinder Singh, Bajinder's wife (2009–12)
Akanksha Kapil as Antara, Loves Naitik (2012)
Bhuvan Chopra as Ratan
Neha Sehgal as Payal
Divya Bhatnagar as Gulaboo, Singhania's maid (2009–15)
Sonal Shrivastava as Juhi
Sheetal Tiwari as Sukanya, Naira's friend (2016) (dead)
Veena Jagtap as Nisha Singh Sekhawat (2016)
Suzanne Bernert as Martha, Rose's mother (2016)[13][14]
Fahad Ali as Vivaan, Gayu's school friend (2016)
Nupur Joshi as Soumya Manish Goenka, Kartik and Kirti's mother, Manish's 1st wife (2016) (dead)
Tia Gandwani as Priyanka, Kartik's maternal aunt (masi) (2017)

text: Special Appearances

text:
Shweta Tiwari (2009)
Sara Khan (2009)
Kinshuk Mahajan (2009)
Anupriya Kapoor (2010)
Neha Sargam (2010)
Pooja Gor (2010)
Sanaya Irani (2011)
Soumya Seth (2011)
Anas Rashid (2012)
Neelu Vaghela (2012)
Aamir Khan (2012)
Preeti & Pinky (2014)
Hiba Nawab (2015)
Kamalika Guha Thakurta(2016)
Deepika Singh (2012, 2016)
Badshah (2017)[15]

text: Crossover

text: Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai had several crossover episodes with various shows. In 2009, the show had a connection with Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai. In 2012, the show had a crossover episode with Diya Aur Baati Hum. In 2016, Diya Aur Baati Hum's lead actress Deepika Singh made an entry.

text: Reception and impact

text: The show is one of the most often awarded shows of Indian Television[16] and is India's longest running television series by episode count.[17]Hina Khan participated in the 'Power of 49' campaign in which soap opera actors used their influence to urge women to vote.[18]

text: Shoma Munshi said the show has "simplicity and highly emotional content" and was noted for placing female characters in the historical tradition of a large joint family.[19]

text: Popularity in Pakistan

text: The show is also broadcast by Urdu 1 and Star Plus sister channel STAR Utsav. The show always maintained the top spot among Indian TV serials that aired in Pakistan.[20] The show was beaten three to four times by Kumkum Bhagya that aired on Geo Kahani [21] but recovered its leading position. The show also recorded one of the highest TRP in Pakistan.[22]

text: Awards

text:
Ye Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai awards and nominations

[hide]Awards and nominations

Award
Wins
Nominations

Star Parivaar Awards

30
43

Zee Gold Awards

15
16

Indian Telly Awards

3
6

Indian Television Academy Awards

4
4

Big Star Entertainment Awards

3
1

Lions Gold Awards

7
2

Garv Indian TV Awards

35
1

FICCI Excellence Awards and Frames Honours

3

BIG Star Young Entertainers Awards

1

Totals

Awards won
101

Nominations
113

text: Star Parivaar Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2009
Favourite Maa
Sonali Verma
Won[23]

Favourite Devrani

Favourite Naya Sadasya (Male)
Karan Mehra

Favourite Naya Sadasya (Female)
Hina Khan

Favourite Yogya Jodi
Hina Khan – Karan Mehra

Favourite Buzurg
Vineeta Malik

Favourite Saas

Favourite Bhabhi
Pooja Joshi

Favourite Jethani
Medha Sambutkar

SPL Honour
Rajan Shahi

2010
Favourite Beti
Hina Khan
Won[24]

Favourite Patni

Favourite Maa
Lata Sabharwal

Favourite Pita
Sanjeev Seth

Favourite Jethani
Medha Sambutkar

Favourite Family
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

SPL Honour
Rajan Shahi

2011
Favourite Bhabhi
Hina Khan
Won[25]

Most Stylish Sadasya (Female)

Favourite Pati
Karan Mehra

Favourite Sasur
Sanjeev Seth

Favourite Jodi
Hina Khan – Karan Mehra

Favourite Serial
Rajan Shahi

2012
Favourite Beti
Hina Khan
Won[26]

Most Stylish Actress (Female)

Favourite Beta
Karan Mehra

Favourite Sasur
Sanjeev Seth

Favourite Bhabhi
Pooja Joshi

2013
Favourite Bhabhi
Hina Khan
Won[27]

Favourite Patni

Favourite Pita
Karan Mehra

Favourite Chhota Sadasya
Shivansh Kotia

Favourite Bhabhi
Pooja Joshi

SPL Mention for completing 1000 episodes
Rajan Shahi

2014
Favourite Maa
Hina Khan
Won[28]

Favourite Family
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

Favourite Pita
Karan Mehra

Favourite Chhota Sadasya
Shivansh Kotia

2015
Favourite Maa
Hina Khan
Won[29]

Favourite Bhabhi
Pooja Joshi

Favourite Pati
Karan Mehra

Favourite Naya Sadasya (Male)
Rohan Mehra

Favourite Sasur
Sandeep Mehta

SPL Mention for Longest Running Show
Rajan Shahi

2016
Favourite Chhota Sadasya
Ashnoor Kaur
Won

2017
Favourite Jodi of the Year
Mohsin Khan - Shivangi Joshi
Won[30]

Favourite Pati
Mohsin Khan

Favourite Patni
Shivangi Joshi

Favourite Sasur
Vishal Singh

text: New Talent Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2009
Best Actress
Hina Khan
Won [31]

Most Promising Actor
Karan Mehra

Most Promising New Show
Rajan Shahi

text: Indian Television Academy Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2009
Best Actress-Drama (Popular)
Hina Khan
Won [32]

Best Actor-Drama (Popular)
Karan Mehra

Best Serial-Drama (Popular)
Rajan Shahi

Best Costumes
Ritu Deora

2010
Best Actress-Drama (Popular)
Hina Khan
Won [32]

Best Direction
Neeraj Baliyan

Best Serial-Drama (Jury)
Rajan Shahi

ITA Scroll Honour
'Yeh Rishta & Bidaai'

2011
Best Direction'
Neeraj Baliyan
Won [32]

GR8! Ensemblance Cast
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai Team

2012
Best Actress-Drama (Popular)
Hina Khan
Won [32]

Best Direction
Neeraj Baliyan

Best Serial-Drama (Popular)
Rajan Shahi

2013
Best Actress-Drama (Popular)
Hina Khan
Won [32]

Best Actress in Supporting Role (Drama)
Sonali Verma

Best Serial-Drama (Popular)
Rajan Shahi

Best Child Artist
Shivansh Kotia

Best Music Composer
Naveen

2015
Popular Choice Actress
Hina Khan
Won [32]

Popular Choice Actor
Karan Mehra

text: Indian Telly Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2009
Best Fresh Face (Popular)
Hina Khan
Won [33]

Most Popular Ensemblance Cast
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

Most Popular Drama Series
Rajan Shahi

Best Costumes
Ritu Deora

2010
Most Popular Actress in a Lead Role
Hina Khan
Won [33]

Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Drama (Jury)
Sanjeev Seth

Most Popular Daily Series
Rajan Shahi

Most Popular Ensemblance Cast
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

Best Direction
Jai Kalra & Ram Panday

2012
Most Popular Continuing TV Series
Rajan Shahi
Won [33][34]

Best Direction
Jai Kalra

2013
Best Onscreen Couple (Critics)
Hina Khan & Karan Mehra
Won [33]

Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Drama (Critics)
Abhijeet Lahiri

Best Television Show of the Year
Rajan Shahi

Most Popular Show with Social Message

Most Popular Continuing TV Show

Most Popular Child Artist
Shivansh Kotia

2014
Most Popular Child Artist
Shivansh Kotia
Won [33][33][35][36]

Most Popular Drama Series
Rajan Shahi

Most Popular Continuing TV Programme

2015
Best Ensemblance Cast
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai
Won [33][33][37]

Most Popular Actor in Supporting Role
Rohan Mehra

text: Kalakar Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2010
Best Debutant (Female)
Hina Khan
Won [38]

Best Debutant (Male)
Karan Mehra

Best TV Serial
Rajan Shahi

2013
Best TV Actor (Female)
Hina Khan
Won [38]

Best TV Serial
Rajan Shahi

2014
Best Make-up Artist
Pandhari Juker
Won [38]

2015
Best Actress
Hina Khan
Won [38]

Favourite Television Show
Rajan Shahi

2016
Best Rising Star of Television
Hina Khan
Won [38][39]

Best TV Actor (Male)
Karan Mehra

Best TV Serial
Rajan Shahi

text: Lions Gold Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2010
Best TV Serial
Rajan Shahi
Won [40]

2013
Best TV Serial
Rajan Shahi
Won [40]

2015
Best TV Serial
Rajan Shahi
Won [40]

Best TV Child Artist
Shivansh Kotia

2016
Best TV Actress in Supporting Role
Lata Sabharwal
Won [40]

Best Television Actor (Popular)
Karan Mehra

Best Television Serial (Fiction)
Rajan Shahi

text: Star Guild Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2009
Best TV Storyline (Fiction)
Saba Mumtaz
Won [41]

2010
Best TV Programme of the Year
Rajan Shahi
Won [41]

2013
Best Direction
Jai Kalra & Ram Panday
Won [41]

2015
Best TV Storyline (Fiction)
Saba Mumtaz
Won [41]

Best Ongoing TV Programme of the Year
Rajan Shahi

Best TV Actress
Hina Khan

2016
Best Ongoing TV Programme of the Year
Rajan Shahi
Won [41]

text: Garv Indian TV Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2014
Best Music
Lalit Sen
Won [42]

Best Dialogues
Rekkha Modi

Child Artist (Male) – Jury
Shivansh Kotia

Supporting Star (Male) – Jury
Abhijeet Lahiri

SPL Mention by GITA
'Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai'

Popular Choice Actress
Hina Khan

Favourite Ensemblance Cast
'Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai'

Favourite Show with Social Message
Rajan Shahi

Favourite Longest Running Serial

Favourite Serial

Favourite Supporting Star
Sonali Verma

Favourite Jodi
Hina Khan & Karan Mehra

Favourite Actress
Hina Khan

Entertaining Star
Shivansh Kotia

2015
Garv Scroll Honour for Successfully TRP gainning Best Series for consecutive 6 years
Rajan Shahi
Won [42]

Best Audiography
Niranjan Chaturvedi

Best Teleplay
Anil V Kumar

Best Chereographer
Vaibhavi Merchant

Best Fictional Director
Ram Panday & Jai Kalra

Best Actor in Supporting Role (Jury)
Sanjeev Seth

Most Popular Actress
Hina Khan

Most Popular Jodi
Hina Khan & Karan Mehra

Most Popular Serial
Rajan Shahi

Most Popular Ensemblance Cast
'Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai'

Votice Choice Longest Running Serial
Rajan Shahi

Votice Choice Child Artist
Shivansh Kotia

2016
Best Lyrics
Vivek Nain
Won [42]

Best Child Artist (Female) – Jury
Ashnoor Kaur

Best Actor in Negative Role – Jury
Alok Nath

Best Onscreen Ongoing Jodi of the Year
Hina Khan & Karan Mehra

Most Popular New Comer
Rohan Mehra

Most Popular Supporting Star
Rohan Mehra

Most Popular Serial
Rajan Shahi

Most Popular Ongoing Serial

Most Entertaining Ensemblance
'Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai'

text: BIG Star Young Entertainers Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2012
Super Hit Television Actress
Hina Khan
Won [43]

text: BIG Star Entertainment Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2010
BIG Star Most Entertaining Fiction Show
Rajan Shahi
Won [44]

2013
BIG Star Most Entertaining TV Actor (Male)
Shivansh Kotia
Won [44]

2014
BIG Star Most Entertaining Fiction Show
Rajan Shahi
Won [44]

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2010
Best Fiction Show
Rajan Shahi
Won [44]

2014
Best TV Actress
Hina Khan
Won

Best Fiction Show
Rajan Shahi


document_title: Hurdy-gurdy

question_text: what is the origin of the hurdy gurdy

question_tokens: what is the origin of the hurdy gurdy

root

text: Hurdy-gurdy

text: Origins and history[edit]

text: The hurdy-gurdy is generally thought to have originated from fiddles in either Europe or the Middle East (e.g., the rebab instrument) some time before the eleventh century A.D.[2] The first recorded reference to fiddles in Europe was in the 9th century by the Persian geographer Ibn Khurradadhbih (d. 911) describing the lira (lūrā) as a typical instrument within the Byzantine Empire.[3] One of the earliest forms of the hurdy-gurdy was the organistrum, a large instrument with a guitar-shaped body and a long neck in which the keys were set (covering one diatonic octave). The organistrum had a single melody string and two drone strings, which ran over a common bridge, and a relatively small wheel. Due to its size, the organistrum was played by two people, one of whom turned the crank while the other pulled the keys upward. Pulling keys upward is cumbersome, so only slow tunes could be played on the organistrum.[4]

tag: p

text: The pitches on the organistrum were set according to Pythagorean temperament and the instrument was primarily used in monastic and church settings to accompany choral music. Abbot Odo of Cluny (died 942) is supposed to have written a short description of the construction of the organistrum entitled Quomodo organistrum construatur (How the Organistrum Is Made),[5][6] known through a much later copy, but its authenticity is very doubtful. Another 10th century treatise thought to have mentioned an instrument like a hurdy-gurdy is an Arabic musical compendium written by Al Zirikli.[2] One of the earliest visual depictions of the organistrum is from the twelfth-century 'Pórtico da Gloria (Portal of Glory) on the cathedral at Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain: it has a carving of two musicians playing an organistrum.[7]:47[8]:3

text: Later on, the organistrum was made smaller to let a single player both turn the crank and work the keys. The solo organistrum was known from Spain and France, but was largely replaced by the symphonia, a small box-shaped version of the hurdy-gurdy with three strings and a diatonic keyboard. At about the same time, a new form of key pressed from beneath was developed. These keys were much more practical for faster music and easier to handle; eventually they completely replaced keys pulled up from above. Medieval depictions of the symphonia show both types of keys.

text: During the Renaissance, the hurdy-gurdy was a very popular instrument (along with the bagpipe) and the characteristic form had a short neck and a boxy body with a curved tail end. It was around this time that buzzing bridges first appeared in illustrations. The buzzing bridge (commonly called the dog) is an asymmetrical bridge that rests under a drone string on the sound board. When the wheel is accelerated, one foot of the bridge lifts from the soundboard and vibrates, creating a buzzing sound. The buzzing bridge is thought to have been borrowed from the tromba marina (monochord), a bowed string instrument.

text: During the late Renaissance, two characteristic shapes of hurdy-gurdies developed. The first was guitar-shaped and the second had a rounded lute-type body made of staves. The lute-like body is especially characteristic of French instruments.

text: By the end of the 17th century changing musical tastes demanded greater polyphonic capabilities than the hurdy-gurdy could offer and pushed the instrument to the lowest social classes; as a result it acquired names like the German Bauernleier 'peasant's lyre' and Bettlerleier 'beggar's lyre.' During the 18th century, however, French Rococo tastes for rustic diversions brought the hurdy-gurdy back to the attention of the upper classes, where it acquired tremendous popularity among the nobility, with famous composers writing works for the hurdy-gurdy. The most famous of these is Nicolas Chédeville's Il pastor Fido, attributed to Vivaldi. At this time the most common style of hurdy-gurdy developed, the six-string vielle à roue. This instrument has two melody strings and four drones. The drone strings are tuned so that by turning them on or off, the instrument can be played in multiple keys (e.g., C and G, or G and D).

text: During this time the hurdy-gurdy also spread further to Central Europe, where further variations developed in western Slavic countries, German-speaking areas and Hungary (see the list of types below for more information on them). Most types of hurdy-gurdy were essentially extinct by the early twentieth century, but a few have survived. The best-known are the French vielle à roue, the Hungarian tekerőlant, and the Spanish zanfoña. In Ukraine, a variety called the lira was widely used by blind street musicians, most of whom were purged by Stalin in the 1930s (See "Persecuted bandurists")[unreliable source?].

text: The hurdy-gurdy tradition is well developed particularly in Hungary, Poland, Belarus and Ukraine. In Ukraine, it is known as the lira or relia. It was and still is played by professional, often blind, itinerant musicians known as lirnyky. Their repertoire has mostly para-religious themes. Most of it originated in the Baroque period. In Eastern Ukraine, the repertoire includes unique historic epics known as dumy and folk dances.

text: Lirnyky were categorised as beggars by the Russian authorities and fell under harsh repressive measures if they were caught performing in the streets of major cities until 1902, when the authorities were asked by ethnographers attending the 12th All-Russian Archaeological conference to stop persecuting them.

text: The hurdy-gurdy is the instrument played by Der Leiermann, the street musician portrayed in the last, melancholy song of Schubert's Winterreise. It is also featured and played prominently in the film Captains Courageous (1937) as the instrument of the character Manuel, acted by Spencer Tracy.

text: The hurdy-gurdy is played in the song "Hang On" by Weezer.

text: The instrument came into a new public consciousness when Donovan released his hit pop song, Hurdy Gurdy Man, in 1968. Although the song didn't use a hurdy-gurdy, the repeated reference to the instrument in the song's lyrics sparked curiosity and interest among young people, eventually resulting in an annual hurdy-gurdy music festival in the Olympic Peninsula area of the state of Washington each September.[9]

text: Today, the tradition has resurfaced. Revivals have been underway for many years as well in Austria, Belgium and The Netherlands,[10]:85–116 Czech Republic, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Spain and Sweden. As the instrument has been revived, musicians have used it in a variety of styles of music (see the list of recordings that use hurdy-gurdy), including contemporary forms not typically associated with it.

text: Other instruments called hurdy-gurdies[edit]

text: In the eighteenth century, the term hurdy-gurdy was also applied to a small, portable "barrel organ" (a cranked box instrument with a number of organ pipes, a bellows and a barrel with pins that rotated and programmed the tunes) that was frequently played by poor buskers (street musicians). Barrel organs require only the turning of the crank to play; the music is coded by pinned barrels, perforated paper rolls, and more recently by electronic modules.[citation needed] The French call the barrel organ the Orgue de Barbarie ("Barbary organ"), and the Germans Drehorgel ("turned organ"), instead of Drehleier ("turning lyre").

text: Terminology[edit]

text: A person who plays the hurdy-gurdy is called a hurdy-gurdyist, or (particularly for players of French instruments) viellist.

text: In France, a player is called un sonneur de vielle (literally: "a sounder of vielle"), un vielleux or un vielleur.

text: Because of the prominence of the French tradition, many instrument and performance terms used in English are commonly taken from the French, and players generally need to know these terms to read relevant literature. Such common terms include the following:

text:
trompette: the highest-pitched drone string that features the buzzing bridge
mouche: the drone string pitched a fourth or fifth below the trompette
petit bourdon: the drone string pitched an octave below the trompette
gros bourdon: the drone string pitched an octave below the mouche
chanterelle(s): melody string(s), also called chanters or chanter strings in English
chien: (literally "dog"), the buzzing bridge
tirant: a small peg set in the instrument's tailpiece that is used to control the sensitivity of the buzzing bridge

tag: ul

text: Names of the instrument[edit]

text: According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the mid 18th century origin of the term hurdy-gurdy is onomatopoeic in origin, after the repetitive warble in pitch that characterizes instruments with solid wooden wheels that have warped due to changes in humidity or after the sound of the buzzing-bridge.[11] Alternately, the term is thought to come from the Scottish and northern English term for uproar or disorder, hirdy-girdy[7]:41 or from hurly-burly,[7]:40 an old English term for noise or commotion. The instrument is sometimes more descriptively called a wheel fiddle in English, but this term is rarely used among players of the instrument. Another possible derivation is from the Hungarian "hegedűs" (Slovenian variant "hrgadus") meaning a fiddle.[12]

text: In France, the instrument is known as vielle à roue (wheel fiddle) or simply vielle (even though there is another instrument with this name), while in the French-speaking regions of Belgium it is also known in local dialects as vièrlerète/vièrlète or tiesse di dj'va ('horse's head').[7]:38 The Flemings and the Dutch call it a draailier, which is similar to its German name, Drehleier. An alternate German name, Bauernleier, means "peasant's lyre". In Italy, it is called the ghironda or lira tedesca while in Spain, it is a zanfona, except in the Catalan region, where it is known as a viola de roda. In the Basque language, it is known as a brenka. In Portugal, it is called sanfona.[13]:211–221

text: The Hungarian name tekerőlant and the alternate forgólant both mean "turning lute." Another Hungarian name for the instrument is nyenyere, which is thought to be an onomatopoeic reference to the repetitive warble produced by a wheel that is not even. This term was considered derogatory in the Hungarian lowlands, but was the normal term for the instrument on Csepel island directly south of Budapest.[citation needed] The equivalent names ninera and niněra are used in Slovakia and the Czech Republic respectively. In Russian and Ukrainian the instrument is called "wheel lyre" (колёсная лира, колісна ліра). In Poland it is called "cranked lyre" (lira korbowa).

text: Leier, lant, and related terms today are generally used to refer to members of the lute or lyre family, but historically had a broader range of meaning and were used for many types of stringed instruments.

text: Design[edit]

text: Shape[edit]

text: In her overview of the instrument's history, Palmer recorded twenty-three different forms,[7]:23–34 and there is still no standardized design today.

text: The six-stringed French vielle à roue is the best known and most common sort. A number of regional forms developed, but outside France the instrument was considered a folk instrument and there were no schools of construction that could have determined a standard form.

text: There are two primary body styles for contemporary instruments: guitar-bodied and lute-backed. Both forms are found in French-speaking areas, while guitar-bodied instruments are the general form elsewhere. The box form of the simphonia is also commonly found among players of early music and historical re-enactors.

text: Strings[edit]

text: Historically, strings were made of gut, which is still a preferred material today and modern instruments are mounted with violin (D or A) and cello (A, G, C) strings.[8]:10–12 However, metal strings have become common in the twentieth century, especially for the heavier drone strings or for lower melody strings if octave tuning is used. Nylon is also sometimes used, but is disliked by many players. Some instruments also have optional sympathetic strings, generally guitar or banjo B strings.[8]:10–12

text: The drone strings produce steady sounds at fixed pitches. The melody string(s) (French chanterelle(s), Hungarian dallamhúr(ok)) are stopped with tangents attached to keys that change the vibration length of the string, much as a guitarist uses his or her fingers on the fretboard of a guitar. In the earliest hurdy-gurdies these keys were arranged to provide a Pythagorean temperament, but in later instruments the tunings have varied widely, with equal temperament most common because it allows easier blending with other instruments. However, because the tangents can be adjusted to tune individual notes, it is possible to tune hurdy-gurdies to almost any temperament as needed. Most contemporary hurdy-gurdies have 24 keys that cover a range of two chromatic octaves.

text: To achieve proper intonation and sound quality, each string of a hurdy-gurdy must be wrapped with cotton or similar fibers. The cotton on melody strings tends to be quite light, while drone strings have heavier cotton. Improper cottoning results in a raspy tone, especially at higher pitches. In addition, individual strings (in particular the melody strings) often have to have their height above the wheel surface adjusted by having small pieces of paper placed between the strings and the bridge, a process called shimming. Shimming and cottoning are connected processes since either one can affect the geometry of the instrument's strings.

text: Buzzing bridge[edit]

text: In some types of hurdy-gurdy, notably the French vielle à roue ('fiddle with a wheel') and the Hungarian tekerőlant (tekerő for short), makers have added a buzzing bridge—called a chien (French for dog) or recsegő (Hungarian for "buzzer")—on one drone string. Modern makers have increased the number of buzzing bridges on French-style instruments to as many as four. This mechanism consists of a loose bridge under a drone string. The tail of the buzzing bridge is inserted into a narrow vertical slot (or held by a peg in Hungarian instruments) that holds the buzzing bridge in place (and also serves as a bridge for additional drone strings on some instruments).

text: The free end of the dog (called the hammer) rests on the soundboard of the hurdy-gurdy and is more or less free to vibrate. When the wheel is turned slowly the pressure on the string (called the trompette on French instruments) holds the bridge in place, sounding a drone. When the crank is accelerated, the hammer lifts up and vibrates against the soundboard, producing a characteristic rhythmic buzz that is used as an articulation or to provide percussive effect, especially in dance pieces.

text: On French-style instruments, the sensitivity of the buzzing bridge can be altered by turning a peg called a tirant in the tailpiece of the instrument that is connected by a wire or thread to the trompette. The tirant adjusts the lateral pressure on the trompette and thereby sets the sensitivity of the buzzing bridge to changes in wheel velocity.

text: There are various stylistic techniques that are used as the player turns the crank, briefly accelerating the wheel at various points in its revolution. This technique is often known by its French term, the coup-de-poignet (or, more simply, the shortened coup), with the acceleration being applied by striking the handle with the thumb, fingers or base of the thumb at one or more of four points in the revolution of the wheel (often described in terms of the clock face, 12, 3, 6 and 9 o'clock) to achieve the desired rhythm. A long buzz can also be achieved by pulling the handle rapidly through the rotation, known as the coup gras.

text: On the Hungarian tekerő the same control is achieved by using a wedge called the recsegőék (control wedge, or literally "buzzer wedge") that pushes the drone string downward. In traditional tekerő playing, the buzzing bridge is controlled entirely by the wrist of the player and has a very different sound and rhythmic possibilities from those available on French instruments.

text: French and Hungarian buzzing bridges[edit]

text:
French type buzzing bridge

Hungarian type buzzing bridge (on a bass tekerő)

text: Regional types[edit]

text: Regional types of hurdy-gurdies since the Renaissance can also be classified based on wheel size and the presence or absence (and type) of a buzzing bridge. The following description of various types uses this framework:[14][15]:23–40

text: Small wheel[edit]

text: Small-wheeled (wheel diameter less than 14 cm, or about 5.5 inches) instruments are traditionally found in Central and Eastern Europe. They feature a broad keybox and the drone strings run within the keybox. Because of the small size of the wheel these instruments most commonly have three strings: one melody string, one tenor drone and one bass drone. They sometimes have up to five strings.

text:
String-adjusted buzzing bridge

German pear-shaped Drehleier. Two to three drone strings and one or two chromatic melody strings. Characteristic V-shaped pegbox. Often extensively decorated. The type of buzzing bridge found on this instrument usually has the adjustment peg set in a block next to the string, rather than in the tailpiece (as is typical of French instruments).

Wedge-adjusted buzzing bridge

tekerőlant (Hungarian). Usually two drones (sometimes three) + one or two chromatic melody strings. The broad keybox is often carved or decorated extensively.
Tyrolian Drehleier (Austria). Very similar to the tekerőlant, but usually has a diatonic keyboard. May be the historical source for the tekerő.[14]

No buzzing bridge

Slovak-style hurdy-gurdy (Ninera) made and played by Tibor Koblicek

lira korbowa (Poland). Guitar-shaped. Two drones + one diatonic melody string.
lira/лира (Russia). Guitar-shaped. Two drones + one diatonic melody string. Evenly spaced keyboard.
lira/ліра (Ukraine). Guitar-shaped. Two drones + one diatonic melody string. Two body types: carved from a single piece of wood and guitar-shaped with transverse pegs and mult-piece construction with vertical pegs. Evenly spaced keyboard.
ninera/kolovratec (Slovakia). Guitar-shaped. Two drones + one diatonic melody string. Broad keybox. Superficially similar to the tekerő, but lacks the buzzing bridge.
lira/vevlira (Sweden). Revived in the twentieth century based on historical examples. Two body forms: an elongated boxy shape and a long pear shape. Usually diatonic, but has been extended with a chromatic range with the additional keys placed below the normal diatonic range (the opposite of most chromatic hurdy-gurdy keyboards)
German tulip-shaped Drehleier. Three drones + one diatonic melody string

text: Large wheel[edit]

text: Large-wheeled instruments (wheel diameters between 14 and 17 cm, or about 5.5 – 6.6 inches) are traditionally found in Western Europe. These instruments generally have a narrow keybox with drone strings that run outside the keybox. They also generally have more strings and doubling or tripling of the melody string is common. Some modern instruments have as many as fifteen strings played by the wheel, although the most common number is six.

text:
String-adjusted buzzing bridge

vielle à roue (French). Usually four drones + two melody strings, but often extended to have more strings. Two body forms: guitar-bodied and lute-backed (vielle en luth). French instruments generally have a narrow key box with drone strings that run on the outside of the key box. Traditional French instruments have two melody strings and four drone strings with one buzzing bridge. Contemporary instruments often have more: the instrument of well-known player Gilles Chabenat has four melody strings fixed to a viola tailpiece, and four drone strings on a cello tailpiece. This instrument also has three trompette strings.
Niněra (Czech). Guitar-shaped. Two forms: one has a standard drone-melody arrangement, while the other runs the drone strings between the melody strings in the keybox. Both diatonic and chromatic forms are found. Other mechanisms for adjusting the amount of "buzz" on the trompette string.

No buzzing bridge

Zanfona (Spain). Typically guitar-shaped body, with three melody strings, and two drone strings. Some older examples had a diatonic keyboard, and most modern models have a chromatic keyboard. Zanfonas are usually tuned to the key of C major, with the melody strings tuned in unison to G above the middle C on the piano. The drones are: the bordonciño in G (one octave below the melody strings) and the bordón in C (two octaves below middle C). Sometimes, two of the melody strings are in unison, and the remaining string is tuned an octave lower, in unison with the bordonciño (this string was sometimes known as the human voice, because it sounds as if someone is humming the melody an octave lower).
niněra (Czech). Guitar-shaped. Two forms: one has a standard drone-melody arrangement, while the other runs the drone strings between the melody strings in the keybox. Both diatonic and chromatic forms are found.

text: Musicians[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2016)

tag: table

text:
Ritchie Blackmore
Régine Chassagne
Valentin Clastrier
Rémy Couvez
Jean-François Dutertre
Nigel Eaton
Eluveitie
Faun
Anna Murphy
Emmanuelle Parrenin
Dominique Regef
Saltatio Mortis
Ithilien
Gaia Consort
Bone Poets Orchestra
Cellar Darling
Metallica
Russell Johnsen
Weezer feat. Michael Cera
Patty Gurdy


question_text: names of the ships sunk in pearl harbor

question_tokens: names of the ships sunk in pearl harbor

text: List of United States Navy ships present at Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941, including commissioned warships and service auxiliaries, but not yard craft assigned to the Fourteenth Naval District. Destroyer Division 80, consisting of the four old destroyers Allen, Chew, Schley, and Ward; USCG cutter Taney; gunboat Sacramento; and auxiliaries Cockatoo, Condor, Crossbill, Reedbird, and Sunnadin were part of Fourteenth Naval District. The remainder listed were assigned to the Pacific Fleet.

text: Units[edit]

text:
Ship Name
Desig
Status
Notes
Links

Pennsylvania
BB-38
Damaged gun
in drydock No. 1, with Cassin and Downes. Three propeller shafts removed.
[1]

Arizona
BB-39
Sunk, total loss
Moored Battleship row, berth F-7 forward of Nevada aft of Tennessee
[2]

Nevada
BB-36
Seriously damaged, beached at Hospital Point
Moored aft of Dak
at berth F-8

[3]

Oklahoma
BB-37
Sunk, total loss
Moored Battleship row, outboard of Maryland at berth F-5, forward of West Virginia
[4]

Tennessee
BB-43
Relatively minor damage, repaired by February 1942
Moored starboard side to berth F-6, next to West Virginia and forward of Arizona
[5]

California
BB-44
Sunk, floated, rebuilt by January 1944
Moored starboard side to, at berth F-3.
[6]

Maryland
BB-46
Damaged, two bomb hits, repaired by February 26, 1942
Moored on Battleship row, inboard of Oklahoma at berth F-5, forward of Tennessee
[7]

West Virginia
BB-48
Sunk, floated, rebuilt by July 1944
Moored outboard of Tennessee at berth F-6, forward of Arizona
[8]

New Orleans
CA-32
Minor damage
Moored at Berth B-16, Navy Yard Pearl Harbor undergoing engine repairs
[9]

San Francisco
CA-38
Undamaged
Under overhaul at the Pearl Harbor Navy Yard berth B-17
[10]

Raleigh
CL-7
Damaged by torpedo
Moored at berth F-12, forward of Utah, aft of Detroit
[11]

Detroit
CL-8
Undamaged
Moored at berth F-13, aft of Raleigh
[12]

Phoenix
CL-46
Undamaged
Berth C-6
[13]

Honolulu
CL-48
Minor damage from a bomb near miss
Moored at berth B-21, Navy Yard, with St. Louis outboard
[14]

St. Louis
CL-49
Minor bullet hits
Moored outboard of Honolulu at Berth B-21, Navy Yard,
[15]

Helena
CL-50
Seriously damaged, repaired by mid-1942
Moored at berth B-2 Naval station with Oglala
[16]

Allen
DD-66
Undamaged
Moored to Chew, Solace nearby to port, berth X-5.
[17]

Schley
DD-103
Undamaged
Moored in a nest of ships undergoing overhaul in berth B-20, unarmed.
[18]

Chew
DD-106
Undamaged
berthed at X-5 to Allen
[19]

Ward
DD-139
Undamaged
patrolling channel entrance to Pearl Harbor
[20]

Dewey
DD-349
Undamaged
moored berth X-2 with Phelps, MacDonough, Worden, Hull and Dobbin
[21]

Farragut
DD-348
Undamaged
Moored at Berth X-14 with Aylwin, Farragut, Dale and Monaghan (starboard to port)
[22]

Hull
DD-350
Very minor damage from a bomb near-miss
berth X-2, nested with Dobbins, Dewey, Worden, MacDonough, and Phelps
[23]

Macdonough
DD-351
Undamaged
berth X-2, nested with Dobbins, Hull, Dewey, Worden and Phelps
[24]

Worden
DD-352
Undamaged
moored Berth X-2, undergoing routine upkeep alongside portside of the Dobbin. Nested to portside were Hull, Phelps, Dewey and MacDonough
[25]

Dale
DD-353
Undamaged
Moored at Berth X-14 with Aylwin, Farragut, Dale and Monaghan (starboard to port)
[26]

Monaghan
DD-354
Undamaged
Moored at Berth X-14 with Aylwin, Farragut, Dale and Monaghan (starboard to port)
[27]

Aylwin
DD-355
Minor damage to propeller
berthed at buoy X-18 with Dale to port, followed by Farragut and Monaghan
[28]

Selfridge
DD-357
Undamaged
nested with Conyngham, Tucker, Case and Reid, undergoing repairs alongside Whitney at berth X-8
[29]

Phelps
DD-360
Undamaged
berth X-2 undergoing tender overhaul, nested with Hull, Dewey, Worden, MacDonough, and Dobbins
[30]

Cummings
DD-365
Minor damage from bomb fragments
nested at berth B-15; order of the ships from the pier outboard – Tracy, Preble, Cummings
[31]

Reid
DD-369
Undamaged
nested with Conyngham, Tucker, Case and Selfridge, undergoing repairs alongside Whitney at berth X-8
[32]

Case
DD-370
Undamaged
moored starboard side of Whitney at berth X-8. Nested with Conyngham, Reid, Tucker, Case and Selfridge moored alongside to port
[33]

Conyngham
DD-371
Undamaged
moored starboard side to Whitney at berth X-8. Reid, Tucker, Case and Selfridge were nested outboard.
[34]

Cassin
DD-372
Heavily damaged, considered lost, but rebuilt by February 5, 1944
in drydock next to Downes, forward of Pennsylvania
[35]

Shaw
DD-373
Heavily damaged, lost bow, repaired by July 1942.
in floating drydock (YFD-2)
[36]

Tucker
DD-374
Undamaged
moored with Whitney, Reid, Conyngham, Case and Selfridge at berth X-8.
[37]

Downes
DD-375
Heavily damaged, considered lost, but rebuilt and recommissioned November 15, 1943
in drydock next to Cassin forward of Pennsylvania
[38]

Bagley
DD-386
Minor damage from nearby explosions
Berth B-22, Navy Yard Pearl Harbor
[39]

Blue
DD-387
Undamaged
Berth X-7
[40]

Helm
DD-388
Minor damage by two bomb near-misses
Underway from berth X-7 just prior to attack, en route to deperming buoys at West Loch
[41]

Mugford
DD-389
Undamaged
moored port side to the Sacramento, in berth B-6, at the Navy Yard
[42]

Ralph Talbot
DD-390
Undamaged
moored bow to southward to buoy X-11 with the Patterson alongside to port and the Henley to starboard.
[43]

Henley
DD-391
Minor damage from strafing
Moored with Patterson and Ralph Talbot
[44]

Patterson
DD-392
Undamaged
moored at berth X-11 with Henley and Ralph Talbot
[45]

Jarvis
DD-393
Undamaged
moored port side to Mugford at berth B-6 Navy Yard Pearl Harbor, during a restricted availability period
[46]

Narwhal
SS-167
Undamaged
moored in berth S-9 at the Submarine Base
[47]

Dolphin
SS-169
Undamaged
moored port side to, Pier #4, in Berth S-8, U.S. Submarine Base
[48]

Cachalot
SS-170
Undamaged
moored at berth B-1, Navy Yard, undergoing scheduled overhaul
[49]

Tautog
SS-199
Undamaged
moored at pier two, U.S. Submarine Base
[50]

Oglala
CM-4
Sunk, but salvaged and recommissioned February 1944
Moored alongside Helena at berth B-2
[51]

Turkey
AM-13
Undamaged
moored in a nest at the Coal Dock with Rail, Bobolink, and Vireo
[52]

Bobolink
AM-20
Undamaged
moored in a nest at the westerly end of the Coal Docks with Vireo and Turkey inboard, and Rail outboard.
[53]

Rail
AM-26
Undamaged
moored in a nest at the Coal Dock with Turkey, Bobolink, and Vireo
[54]

Tern
AM-31
Undamaged
moored berth B-5 (north end of 1010 dock) undergoing upkeep alongside Argonne
[55]

Grebe
AM-43
Undamaged
berth B-20, Navy Yard, alongside Schley

Vireo
AM-52
Undamaged
moored inboard at the Coal Dock, bow to seaward, with Turkey, Bobolink, and Rail moored outboard
[56]

Gamble
DM-15
Undamaged
moored in berth D-3, Middle Loch, in nest with division, order of ships from starboard Ramsay, Breese, Montgomery, and Gamble
[57]

Ramsay
DM-16
Undamaged
moored in berth D-3, Middle Loch, in nest with division, order of ships from starboard Ramsay, Breese, Montgomery, and Gamble
[58]

Montgomery
DM-17
Undamaged
moored in berth D-3, Middle Loch, in nest with division, order of ships from starboard Ramsay, Breese, Montgomery, and Gamble
[59]

Breese
DM-18
Undamaged
moored in berth D-3, Middle Loch, in nest with division, order of ships from starboard Ramsay, Breese, Montgomery, and Gamble
[60]

Tracy
DM-19
Undamaged
moored portside to berth B-15, Navy Yard, unarmed, disabled, undergoing overhaul. Preble and Cummings were moored to starboard in that order.
[61]

Preble
DM-20
Undamaged
moored in berth B-15, undergoing scheduled overhaul, no arms on board. Nest order of ships from the pier outboard – Tracy, Preble, Cummings
[62]

Sicard
DM-21
Undamaged
Moored starboard side to Pruitt in berth B-18 Navy Yard undergoing overhaul.
[63]

Pruitt
DM-22
Undamaged
moored at berth B-18, Navy Yard, undergoing routine overhaul. Sicard and Ontario moored to port in that order.
[64]

Zane
DMS-14
Undamaged
moored bow and stern in a nest with Mine Division Four at buoys D-7 and D-7s; order from port to starboard: Trever, Wasmuth, Zane, and Perry.
[65]

Wasmuth
DMS-15
Undamaged
moored bow and stern in a nest with Mine Division Four at buoys D-7 and D-7s; order from port to starboard: Trever, Wasmuth, Zane, and Perry.
[66]

Trever
DMS-16
Undamaged
moored at buoys D-7 and D-7-S, bow towards Pearl City, in the following order from north, Trever, Wasmuth, Zane, and Perry
[67]

Perry
DMS-17
Undamaged
moored at buoy D-7, in the following order from north, Trever, Wasmuth, Zane, and Perry
[68]

Sacramento
PG-19
Undamaged
moored port side to berth B-6, Navy Yard with Mugford and Jarvis moored alongside to starboard.
[69]

Dobbin
AD-3
Minor damage
berth X-2, nested with Hull, Dewey, Worden, MacDonough, and Phelps
[70]

Whitney
AD-4
Undamaged
moored bow and stern to buoys X-8 and X-8S with Conyngham, Reid, Tucker, Case and Selfridge moored alongside to port
[71]

Curtiss
AV-4
Suffered bomb damage, repaired San Diego, back to Pearl Harbor by January 13, 1942
moored in berth X-22
[72]

Tangier
AV-8
Minor damage by several bomb near-misses
berthed at F-10, Ford Island, with ship's head bearing 230° true; Utah moored at F-11 directly astern; Raleigh at F-12
[73]

Avocet
AVP-4
Undamaged
moored at berth F-1, Naval Air Station Dock
[74]

Swan
AVP-7
Undamaged
resting on the Marine Railway dock, in boiler upkeep
[75]

Hulbert
AVD-6
Undamaged
moored berth S-3 at the Submarine Base
[76]

Thornton
AVD-11
Undamaged
moored port side to dock at berth S-1, Submarine Base
[77]

Pyro
AE-1
Minor damage due to a near-miss from a dive bomber
moored starboard side to West Loch dock.
[78]

Ramapo
AO-12
Undamaged
moored in Berth B-12, aft of Rigel, starboard side to, under the large crane
[79]

Neosho
AO-23
Undamaged, moved to berth M-3 Merry Point at 0930
moored, starboard side to, in Berth F-4, Naval Air Station, Ford Island (aft of California)
[80]

Medusa
AR-1
Undamaged
moored berth X-23 near Curtiss
[81]

Vestal
AR-4
Damaged, struck by 2 bombs and adjacent to Arizona during explosions
moored port side to the port side of the Arizona at F-7
[82]

Rigel
AR-11
Minor damage from bomb near-misses
moored in berth B-13, Navy Yard, unarmed and undergoing major repairs and conversion, forward of Ramapo
[83]

Pelias
AS-14
Undamaged
moored at submarine Base dock
[84]

Widgeon
ASR-1
Undamaged
berthed at the submarine base
[85]

Solace
AH-5
Undamaged
moored berth X-4. Moved to berth X-13 at 0900.
[86]

Castor
AKS-1
Undamaged
berthed at Merry Point berth M-4, near Sumner
[87]

Antares
AKS-3
Undamaged, docked at Honolulu at 1146
Operating at harbor entrance
[88]

Ontario
AT-13
Undamaged
moored in berth B-18, Repair Basin, Pearl Harbor outboard of the Sicard, undergoing an overhaul
[89]

Keosanqua
AT-38

Operating at harbor entrance with Antares
[90]

Utah
AG-16
Sunk, total loss
moored at Berth F-11, between Raleigh forward and Tangier astern
[91]

Argonne
AG-31

Moored at berth B-5, north end of 1010 Dock.
[92]

Sumner
AG-32
Minor injuries to gun crews incurred while firing on aircraft
Moored to the new dock at the southern end of the Submarine Base, port side to, bow to eastward
[93]

Cockatoo
AMc-8
Undamaged

Crossbill
AMc-9
Undamaged
Returned to harbor from sweeping 0525
[94]

Condor
AMc-14
Undamaged
Returned to harbor from sweeping 0525
[95]

Reedbird
AMc-30

Sunnadin
AT-28

Taney
WHEC-37
Undamaged. Moored in Honolulu harbor.
On July 25, 1941, the Coast Guard cutter was transferred to the Navy and reported for duty with the local defense forces of the 14th Naval District (Destroyer Division 80).

Hoga
YT-146
Undamaged during attack

Sotoyomo
YT-9
Damaged by Shaw explosions and fires; completely submerged; thought total loss but repaired and returned to service.
In floating dry dock, YFD-2, with Shaw undergoing overhaul.
[96], [97]


document_title: Nitty Gritty Dirt Band

question_text: who are the original members of the nitty gritty dirt band

text: Nitty Gritty Dirt Band

text: History[edit]

text: The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band was founded around 1966 in Long Beach, California by singer-guitarist Jeff Hanna and singer-songwriter guitarist Bruce Kunkel who had performed as the New Coast Two and later the Illegitimate Jug Band. Trying, in the words of the band's website, to "figure out how not to have to work for a living," Hanna and Kunkel joined informal jam sessions at McCabe's Guitar Shop in Long Beach.[citation needed] There they met a few other musicians: guitarist/washtub bassist Ralph Barr, guitarist-clarinetist Les Thompson, harmonicist and jug player Jimmie Fadden, and guitarist-vocalist Jackson Browne. As Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, the six men started as a jug band and adopted the burgeoning southern California folk rock musical style, playing in local clubs while wearing pinstripe suits and cowboy boots. Their first paying performance was at the Golden Bear in Huntington Beach, California.[1]

text: Browne was in the band for only a few months before he left to concentrate on a solo career as a singer-songwriter. He was replaced by John McEuen on banjo, fiddle, mandolin, and steel guitar. McEuen's older brother, William, was the group's manager, and he helped the band get signed with Liberty Records, which released the group's debut album, The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band during 1967. The band's first single, "Buy for Me the Rain," was a Top 40 success, and the band gained exposure on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, as well as concerts with such disparate artists as Jack Benny and The Doors.

text: A second album, Ricochet, was released later during the year and was less successful than their first. Kunkel wanted the band to "go electric", and include more original material. Bruce left the group to form WordSalad and Of The People. He was replaced by multi-instrumentalist Chris Darrow.

text: By 1968, the band adopted electrical instruments anyway, and added drums. The first electric album, Rare Junk, was a commercial failure, as was their next, Alive.

text: The band continued to gain publicity, mainly as a novelty act, making an appearance in the 1968 film, For Singles Only, and a cameo appearance in the 1969 musical western film, Paint Your Wagon, performing "Hand Me Down That Can o' Beans". The band also played Carnegie Hall as an opening act for Bill Cosby and played in a jam session with Dizzy Gillespie.

text: The group was inactive for a 6-month period after Paint Your Wagon, then reformed with Jimmy Ibbotson replacing Chris Darrow. With William McEuen as producer and a renegotiated contract that gave the band more artistic freedom, the band recorded and released Uncle Charlie & His Dog Teddy, issued in 1970. Embracing a straight, traditional country and bluegrass sound, the album included the group's best-known singles; a cover version of Jerry Jeff Walker's "Mr. Bojangles", Michael Nesmith's "Some of Shelley's Blues", and four Kenny Loggins songs including "House at Pooh Corner", the first recordings of Loggins's songs. Their version of "Mr. Bojangles" became the group's first hit, peaking at #9 on Billboard's all genre Hot 100 chart, with an unusual 36 weeks on the charts.

text: The next album, All The Good Times, released during early 1972, had a similar style.

text: Nitty Gritty Dirt Band next sought to solidify its reputation as a country band when band member John McEuen asked Earl Scruggs if he would record with the group. Earl's "yes" was followed the next week when John asked Doc Watson the same question, receiving the same answer of 'yes'. This set in motion the further addition of other artists, and with the help of Earl and Louise Scruggs, they set to traveling to Nashville, Tennessee, and recording what was to become a triple album, Will the Circle Be Unbroken with Nashville stalwarts Roy Acuff, Earl Scruggs, and Jimmy Martin, country pioneer Mother Maybelle Carter, folk-blues guitarist Doc Watson, Merle Travis, Norman Blake, and others. The title is from the song, "Will the Circle Be Unbroken (By and By)", as adapted by A. P. Carter, and reflects the album's theme of trying to tie together three generations of musicians: long-haired boys from California and older veterans of the middle American establishment. The track "I Saw the Light" with Acuff singing, was a success, and the album received two nominations for Grammy Award. Veteran fiddler Vassar Clements was introduced to a wider audience by the album, and a new career. The band also toured Japan twice soon after this period.

text: After the next album Les Thompson left the group, making the band a foursome. Stars & Stripes Forever was a live album that mixed old successes such as "Buy for Me the Rain" and "Mr. Bojangles" with Circle collaborations (fiddler Vassar Clements was a guest performer) and long storytelling spoken-word monologues. A studio album, Dream, was also released.

text: During July 1974, the band was among the headline acts at the Ozark Music Festival at the Missouri State Fairgrounds in Sedalia, Missouri. Some estimates put the crowd at 350,000 people, which would make this one of the largest music events in history. At another concert, the band opened for the rock band Aerosmith.

text: 1976–81: "The Dirt Band"[edit]

text: Jimmy Ibbotson left the band at the end of 1976, leaving Fadden, Hanna, and McEuen to add John Cable and Jackie Clark, brought in on guitar and bass. In May 1977 the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band became the first American group allowed to tour Russia, Armenia, Georgia and Latvia — the Soviet Union — playing 28 sold-out concerts and a televised appearance that is estimated to have been watched by 145 million people. In 1977, the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band first appeared on the second season of the PBS music program Austin City Limits.

text: After returning from Russia, the band released its first 'greatest successes' compilation, another now rare triple album Dirt, Silver & Gold, in 1978. After that release, the band shortened its name to The Dirt Band, and the group's sound became more pop and rock oriented. Saxophonist Al Garth, drummer Merel Bregante, and bassist Richard Hathaway were also added to the lineup in 1978 and Jeff Hanna became the group's producer for a few albums.

text: Keyboardist Bob Carpenter (who would occasionally sit in with the band from 1975 on) contributed to their 1978 album The Dirt Band and joined the band permanently in 1979.

text: Albums during this period included The Dirt Band and An American Dream. The single "American Dream" with Linda Ronstadt reached No. 13 on the popular music charts. The band also appeared on Saturday Night Live in their own slot (performing the instrumental penned by John, "White Russia'), and separately, billed as The Toot Uncommons, provided backing for Steve Martin on his million-selling novelty tune, "King Tut." They also played on that hit, recorded in Aspen earlier that year.

text: In 1980, Bregante left the group and drummer Mike Gardner replaced Bregante on stage with the group on tour, only to be succeeded by Vic Mastrianni in 1981. Al Garth moved on to Pure Prairie League and later the Eagles.

text: The albums Make a Little Magic and Jealousy were released in 1980 and 1981, with the single "Make a Little Magic" featuring Nicolette Larson reaching the Top 25 on the pop chart. The group also performed the song on a 1980 Steve Martin television special, All Commercials, with an added comic element in which Martin lip-synced the Larson vocal for the last segment of the song.

text: 1982–89: return to "Nitty Gritty"[edit]

text: The band returned to its original name and its country roots in 1982. With the lineup paring down to Hanna, Fadden, McEuen and Jimmy Ibbotson rejoining for recording sessions in Nashville, Tennessee, they recorded the album Let's Go, which yielded the success "Dance Little Jean" which became a Top 10 country hit. Carpenter rejoined the band in 1983, and the next album, 1984's Plain Dirt Fashion had the band's first No. 1 success, "Long Hard Road (The Sharecropper's Dream)".

text: There were two more country No. 1's: "Modern Day Romance" (1985) and "Fishin' in the Dark" (1987), the latter of which became the band's biggest-selling single, eventually being certified platinum in 2014 despite never reaching the Hot 100. Other successful songs were "Dance Little Jean" (1983); "I Love Only You" (1984); "High Horse" (1985); "Home Again in My Heart," "Partners, Brothers and Friends" and "Stand a Little Rain" (1986); "Fire in the Sky," "Baby's Got a Hold on Me" and "Oh What a Love" (1987); "Workin' Man (Nowhere to Go)" and "I've Been Lookin'" (1988); and "Down That Road Tonight" and "When it's Gone" (1989).

text: Performances included the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games and the inaugural Farm Aid concert in Champaign, Illinois. A 20-year anniversary concert at McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado featured such guests as Ricky Skaggs, Emmylou Harris, Doc Watson, and John Prine.

text: John McEuen left the band at the end of 1986, replaced by Bernie Leadon, formerly of the Eagles. He was with the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band in 1987 and 1988. The band's 19th album, Hold On featured the No. 1 singles "Fishin' in the Dark" and "Baby's Got a Hold on Me." The band appeared on the Today Show and The Tonight Show in the same week, and toured Europe.

text: During 1989, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band again returned to Nashville, to record Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Volume Two. Returnees from the first Circle included Earl Scruggs, Vassar Clements, and Roy Acuff. Johnny Cash and the Carter Family, Emmylou Harris, and Ricky Skaggs joined the sessions, as did John Prine, Levon Helm, John Denver, John Hiatt, Bruce Hornsby, and former Byrds Roger McGuinn and Chris Hillman. This album won two Grammy Awards[2] and was named Album of the Year at the Country Music Association Awards for Best Country Vocal Performance (duo or group) and the Country Music Association's Album of the Year Award in 1989.

text: As a foursome of Hanna, Fadden, Ibbotson and Carpenter, the band again toured the former Soviet Union, as well as Canada, Europe, and Japan. A 25th anniversary concert was recorded on Live Two Five in Red Deer, Alberta, produced by T-Bone Burnett.

text: During 1992, the band collaborated with Irish folk music's The Chieftains for the Grammy Award-winning Another Country. Other efforts included the album Acoustic, spotlighting their "wooden" sound, a duet with Karla Bonoff, "You Believed in Me" for the MCA Olympic compilation, One Voice, and a cover version of Buddy Holly's "Maybe Baby" for the Decca tribute album, Not Fade Away. The Christmas Album was released in 1997, followed by Bang! Bang! Bang! in 1999.

text: During April 1992, they were the unwitting subject of one of George H. W. Bush's malapropisms when he referred to the group as the "Nitty Ditty Nitty Gritty Great Bird" at a country music awards ceremony in Nashville:

text: This unusual phrasing was repeatedly used as an example of Bush's garbled syntax (notably, in Dave Barry's book Dave Barry Hits Below the Beltway and in Barry's only non-audiobook album, A Totally Random Evening with Dave Barry), which in turn helped publicize the band.[citation needed]

text: John McEuen rejoined the band in 2001. During 2002, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band celebrated the 30th anniversary of their landmark Will the Circle Be Unbroken with a remastered CD reissue of the 1972 album and a new compilation, Will the Circle Be Unbroken: Volume III. An album of all-new material, Welcome to Woody Creek, was released in 2004. Jimmy Ibbotson again left the band a few years later.

text: Also during 2004, country group Rascal Flatts released a cover of "Bless the Broken Road," which the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band had recorded on Acoustic, from 1994. Songwriters Jeff Hanna, Marcus Hummon, and Bobby Boyd won a Grammy for Best Country Song for this work in 2005.

text: During 2005 the band donated use of the song "Soldier's Joy" for the benefit album, Too Many Years to benefit Clear Path International's work with landmine survivors. Also in 2005, the band was recognized by the International Entertainment Buyers Association for 40 years of contributions to the music industry.

text: In 2009 the band released a new album, Speed of Life. Produced by George Massenburg and Jon Randall Stewart, Speed of Life is composed of a series of live, freewheeling studio recordings that purposefully avoid overproduction and demonstrate the band's collaborative spirit and spontaneity. Of the 13 tracks on Speed of Life, 11 are new songs penned by the band, and two are classic covers: Canned Heat's Woodstock hit "Going Up the Country" and Stealers Wheel's "Stuck in the Middle".

text: In September 2015, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band commemorated their 50th anniversary with a sold out show at the Ryman Theater.  Taped for a PBS special which debuted in March 2016, the concert included guests John Prine, Sam Bush, Vince Gill, Jerry Jeff Walker, Alison Krauss, Rodney Crowell, Byron House, Jerry Douglas and Jackson Browne in addition to former member Ibbotson. On September 30, 2016,  Circlin’ Back: Celebrating 50 Years,  a live CD and DVD was released.  In a 2016 review, the Los Angeles Times wrote that the original release  "helped knock down barriers then separating the traditional country and rock music communities, setting the stage for the eventual emergence of what came to be known as Americana music."[4] John McEuen announced his departure from the band in December 2017 at the conclusion of their 50th anniversary tour.  John currently performs as a solo artist. In 2018, Jaime Hanna (Jeff Hanna's son) and Ross Holmes joined the band on tour, along with Jim Photoglo, who began touring with the band in 2016. Jim is the co-author of "Fishin' in the Dark."

text: Family[edit]

text: Jeff Hanna and John McEuen's sons, Jaime Hanna and Jonathan McEuen, recorded for DreamWorks Records in 2005 as Hanna-McEuen.[5]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
1984 — CMA Nomination for Instrumental Group of the Year
1985 — CMA Nomination for Instrumental Group of the Year; ACM Nomination for Vocal Group of the Year
1986 — CMA Nomination for Vocal Group of the Year
1988 — CMA Nomination for Vocal Group of the Year
1989 — CMA award for Album Of The Year[6]; Grammy award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals; Grammy award for Best Bluegrass Recording[7]; Grammy award for Co-producing Best Country Instrumental
2002 — Grammy nominations for Best Country Vocal Performance - Duo or Group and Best Country Collaboration with Vocals
2003 — CMA nomination for Vocal Event of the Year (NGDB with Johnny Cash); IBMA award for Best Recorded Event
2004 — Grammy award for Best Country Instrumental (NGDB with Earl Scruggs, Randy Scruggs, Jerry Douglas and Vassar Clements)[8]
2015 — Colorado Music Hall of Fame induction[9]

text: Band lineups[edit]

text:
May–August1966

Jeff Hanna – Guitar, mandolin, washboard, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Guitar, harmonica, washtub bass, jug, vocals
Ralph Barr – Guitar, clarinet, vocals
Les Thompson – Guitar, mandolin, vocals
Bruce Kunkel – Guitar, kazoo, vocals
Jackson Browne – Guitar, vocals

1966–1967

Jeff Hanna – Guitar, mandolin, washboard, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Guitar, harmonica, washtub bass, vocals
Ralph Barr – Guitar, clarinet, vocals
Les Thompson – Guitar, mandolin, vocals
Bruce Kunkel – Guitar, kazoo, vocals
John McEuen – Banjo, guitar, mandolin, washtub bass

1967–1968

Jeff Hanna – Guitar, washboard, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Guitar, harmonica, washtub bass, jug, vocals
Ralph Barr – Guitar, clarinet, vocals
Les Thompson – Bass, guitar, mandolin, vocals
John McEuen – Guitar, banjo, washtub bass
Chris Darrow – Guitar, mandolin, fiddle, vocals

1969–1973

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, drums, washboard, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Drums, guitar, harmonica, vocals
Les Thompson – Bass, guitar, mandolin, vocals
John McEuen – Guitar, fiddle, banjo, mandolin, accordion, vocals
Jimmy Ibbotson – Guitars, keyboards, drums, accordion, vocals

1974–1975

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, drums, washboard, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Drums, guitar, harmonica, vocals
John McEuen – Guitar, fiddle, banjo, mandolin
Jimmy Ibbotson – Guitars, Bass, keyboards, drums, accordion, vocals

1976-1977As TheDirt Band

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, drums, washboard, percussion, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Drums, guitar, harmonica, vocals
John McEuen – Guitar, fiddle, banjo, mandolin, accordion
John Cable – Guitar, bass, vocals
Jackie Clark – Guitar, bass, piano, vocals

1977-1979As TheDirt Band

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, washboard, percussion, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Guitar, harmonica, percussion, vocals
John McEuen – Guitar, fiddle, banjo, mandolin, lap steel
Al Garth – Saxophone, fiddle, keyboards, percussion, vocals
Merel Bregante – Drums, percussion
Richard Hathaway – Bass, vocals

1979-1980As TheDirt Band

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, washboard, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Guitar, harmonica, percussion, vocals
Bob Carpenter – keyboards, accordion, vocals
John McEuen – Guitar, fiddle, banjo, mandolin, lap steel
Al Garth – Saxophone, fiddle, keyboards, percussion, vocals
Merel Bregante – Drums, percussion
Richard Hathaway – Bass, vocals

1980–1981As TheDirt Band

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, washboard, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Guitar, harmonica, percussion, vocals
Bob Carpenter – Keyboards, accordion, guitar, vocals
John McEuen – Guitar, fiddle, banjo, mandolin, lap steel, vocals
Al Garth – Violin, keyboards, saxophone, vocals
Richard Hathaway – Bass, vocals
Michael Buono/Michael Gardner – Drums

1981-1982As TheDirt Band

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, washboard, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Guitar, harmonica, percussion, vocals
Bob Carpenter – Keyboards, accordion, guitar, vocals
John McEuen – Guitar, fiddle, banjo, mandolin, lap steel, vocals
Richard Hathaway – Bass, vocals
Vic Mastrianni – Drums
Bryan Savage - saxophone

1982As TheDirt Band

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, washboard, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Guitar, harmonica, percussion, vocals
John McEuen – Guitar, fiddle, banjo, mandolin, lap steel
Jim Ibbotson – Guitars, mandolin, vocals
Bob Carpenter – Keyboards, accordion, vocals
Richard Hathaway – Bass, vocals
Vic Mastrianni – Drums

1983–1986

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, washboard, bass, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Drums, harmonica, vocals
John McEuen – Guitar, fiddle, banjo, mandolin, lap steel, bass
Bob Carpenter – Keyboards, accordion, bass, vocals
Jimmy Ibbotson – Bass, guitars, mandolin, vocals

1987–1988

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, washboard, bass, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Drums, harmonica, vocals
Bob Carpenter – Keyboards, accordion, vocals
Jimmy Ibbotson – Bass, guitar, mandolin, percussion, vocals
Bernie Leadon – Guitars, banjo, mandolin, dobro, vocals

1988–2000

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Drums, harmonica, vocals
Jimmy Ibbotson – Bass, guitar, mandolin, vocals
Bob Carpenter – Keyboards, accordion, bass, vocals

2001–2004

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Drums, harmonica, vocals
Jimmy Ibbotson – Bass, guitar, vocals
Bob Carpenter – Keyboards, accordion, bass, vocals
John McEuen – Banjo, fiddle, guitar, mandolin

2005–2017

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Drums, harmonica, vocals
Bob Carpenter – Keyboards, accordion, bass, vocals
John McEuen – Banjo, fiddle, guitar, mandolin, lap steel
Jim Photoglo - Acoustic guitar, bass, background vocals.  Jim joins the band in 2016 for their 50th Anniversary Tour.  He is the co-author of Fishin' in the Dark.

2018-present

Jeff Hanna – Guitars, vocals
Jimmie Fadden – Drums, harmonica, vocals
Bob Carpenter – Keyboards, accordion, bass, vocals
Jim Photoglo – Acoustic guitar, bass, background vocals
Jaime Hanna – Guitars, background vocals
Ross Holmes – Fiddle, mandolin, background vocals

text: Timeline[edit]

text: Discography[edit]


document_title: List of National Basketball Association career 3-point scoring leaders

question_text: who has the most 3 point plays in nba history

text: Three-point field goals made leaders[edit]

text: This is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular-season three-point field goals made.

text:
^

Active NBA player

*

Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†

Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[3]

§

1st time eligible for Hall of Fame in 2019[4]

text:
Rank

Name

Position(s)

Team(s) played for (years)[5]

Total 3-point field  goals made

Total 3-point field  goals attempted

3-point field goalpercentage

1

Ray Allen*

SG

Milwaukee Bucks (1996–2003) Seattle SuperSonics (2003–2007)Boston Celtics (2007–2012)Miami Heat (2012–2014)

2,973

7,429

.400

2

Reggie Miller*

SG

Indiana Pacers (1987–2005)

2,560

6,486

.395

3

Jason Terry^

SG/PG

Atlanta Hawks (1999–2004)Dallas Mavericks (2004–2012)Boston Celtics (2012–2013)Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)Houston Rockets (2014–2016)Milwaukee Bucks (2016-2018)

2,282

6,010

.380

4

Kyle Korver^

SG/SF

Philadelphia 76ers (2003–2007)Utah Jazz (2007–2010)Chicago Bulls (2010–2012)Atlanta Hawks (2012–2017)Cleveland Cavaliers (2017–present)

2,213

5,130

.431

5

Jamal Crawford^

SG/PG

Chicago Bulls (2000–2004)New York Knicks (2004–2008)Golden State Warriors (2008–2009)Atlanta Hawks (2009–2011)Portland Trail Blazers (2011–2012)Los Angeles Clippers (2012–2017)Minnesota Timberwolves (2017–2018)

2,153

6,175

.349

6

Paul Pierce†

SF

Boston Celtics (1999–2013)Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)Washington Wizards (2014–2015)Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2017)

2,143

5,816

.368

7

Stephen Curry^

PG

Golden State Warriors (2009–present)

2,129

4,880

.436

8

Vince Carter^

SG/SF

Toronto Raptors (1999–2004)New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)Orlando Magic (2009–2010)Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)Sacramento Kings (2017–2018)Atlanta Hawks (2018–present)

2,106

5,650

.373

9

Jason Kidd*

PG

Dallas Mavericks (1994–1996, 2008–2012)Phoenix Suns (1996–2001)New Jersey Nets (2001–2008)New York Knicks (2012–2013)

1,988

5,701

.349

10

Joe Johnson^

SG/SF

Boston Celtics (2001–2002)Phoenix Suns (2002–2005)Atlanta Hawks (2005–2012)Brooklyn Nets (2012–2016)Miami Heat (2016)Utah Jazz (2016–2018)Houston Rockets (2018–present)

1,978

5,331

.371

11

Dirk Nowitzki^

PF

Dallas Mavericks (1999–present)

1,918

5,005

.383

12

J. R. Smith^

SG

New Orleans(/Oklahoma City) Hornets (2004–2006)Denver Nuggets (2006–2011)New York Knicks (2011–2015)Cleveland Cavaliers (2015–present)

1,917

5,128

.374

13

Chauncey Billups

PG/SG

Boston Celtics (1997–1998)Toronto Raptors (1998)Denver Nuggets (1999, 2008–2011)Minnesota Timberwolves (2000–2002)Detroit Pistons (2002–2008, 2013–2014)New York Knicks (2011)Los Angeles Clippers (2011–2013)

1,830

4,725

.387

14

Kobe Bryant†

SG

Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)

1,827

5,546

.330

15

Rashard Lewis

SF/PF

Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2007)Orlando Magic (2007–2010)Washington Wizards (2010–2012)Miami Heat (2012–2014)

1,787

4,625

.386

16

Peja Stojaković

SF

Sacramento Kings (1999–2006)  Indiana Pacers (2006)  New Orleans(/Oklahoma City) Hornets (2006–2010)  Toronto Raptors (2010–2011)  Dallas Mavericks (2011)

1,760

4,392

.401

17

Dale Ellis

SF/SG

Dallas Mavericks (1983–1986)Seattle SuperSonics (1986–1991, 1997–1999)Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1992, 1999–2000)San Antonio Spurs (1992–1994)Denver Nuggets (1994–1997)Charlotte Hornets (2000)

1,719

4,266

.403

18

Steve Nash*

PG

Phoenix Suns (1996–1998, 2004–2012)Dallas Mavericks (1999–2004)Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2014)

1,685

3,939

.428

19

James Harden^

SG

Oklahoma City Thunder (2009–2012)Houston Rockets (2012–present)

1,647

4,523

.364

20

LeBron James^

SF

Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010, 2014–2018)Miami Heat (2010–2014)Los Angeles Lakers (2018–present)

1,616

4,701

.344

21

Jason Richardson§

SG

Golden State Warriors (2001–2007)Charlotte Bobcats (2007–2008)Phoenix Suns (2008–2010)Orlando Magic (2010–2012)Philadelphia 76ers (2012–2015)

1,608

4,344

.370

22

Mike Miller

SF/SG

Orlando Magic (2000–2003)Memphis Grizzlies (2003–2008, 2013–2014)Minnesota Timberwolves (2008–2009)Washington Wizards (2009–2010)Miami Heat (2010–2013)Cleveland Cavaliers (2014–2015)Denver Nuggets (2015–2017)

1,590

3,910

.407

23

Glen Rice

SF

Miami Heat (1989–1995)Charlotte Hornets (1995–1998)Los Angeles Lakers (1999–2000)New York Knicks (2000–2001)Houston Rockets (2001–2003)Los Angeles Clippers (2003–2004)

1,559

3,896

.400

24

Klay Thompson^

SG

Golden State Warriors (2011–present)

1,557

3,691

.422

25

Eddie Jones

SG

Los Angeles Lakers (1994–1999)Charlotte Hornets (1999–2000)Miami Heat (2000–2005, 2007)Memphis Grizzlies (2005–2007)Dallas Mavericks (2007–2008)

1,546

4,147

.373

26

Tim Hardaway

PG

Golden State Warriors (1989–1993, 1994–1996)Miami Heat (1996–2001)Dallas Mavericks (2001–2002)Denver Nuggets (2002)Indiana Pacers (2003)

1,542

4,345

.355

27

Nick Van Exel

PG

Los Angeles Lakers (1993–1998)Denver Nuggets (1999–2002)Dallas Mavericks (2002–2003)Golden State Warriors (2003–2004)Portland Trail Blazers (2004–2005)San Antonio Spurs (2005–2006)

1,528

4,278

.357

28

Mike Bibby

PG

Vancouver Grizzlies (1999–2001)Sacramento Kings (2001–2008)Atlanta Hawks (2008–2011)Washington Wizards (2011)Miami Heat (2011)New York Knicks (2011–2012)

1,517

3,999

.379

29

Manu Ginóbili†

SG

San Antonio Spurs (2002–2018)

1,495

4,055

.369

30

J. J. Redick^

SG

Orlando Magic (2006–2013)Milwaukee Bucks (2013) Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2017) Philadelphia 76ers (2017–present)

1,464

3,524

.415

31

Michael Finley

SF

Phoenix Suns (1995–1996)Dallas Mavericks (1996–2005)San Antonio Spurs (2005–2010)Boston Celtics (2010)

1,454

3,880

.375

32

Kevin Durant^

SF/SG

Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder (2007–2016)Golden State Warriors (2016–present)

1,433

3,734

.384

33

Wesley Matthews^

SG

Utah Jazz (2009–2010)Portland Trail Blazers (2010–2015)Dallas Mavericks (2015–present)

1,405

3,667

.383

34

Brent Barry

SG

Los Angeles Clippers (1995–1998)Miami Heat (1998)Chicago Bulls (1999)Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2004)San Antonio Spurs (2004–2008)Houston Rockets (2008–2009)

1,395

3,442

.405

35

Antoine Walker

PF

Boston Celtics (1996–2003, 2005)Dallas Mavericks (2003–2004)Atlanta Hawks (2004–2005)Miami Heat (2005–2007)Minnesota Timberwolves (2007–2008)

1,386

4,264

.325

36

Kyle Lowry^

PG

Memphis Grizzlies (2006–2009)Houston Rockets (2009–2012)Toronto Raptors (2012–present)

1,375

3,717

.370

37

Dan Majerle

SG/SF

Phoenix Suns (1988–1995, 2001–2002)Cleveland Cavaliers (1995–1996)Miami Heat (1996–2001)

1,360

3,798

.358

38

Carmelo Anthony^

SF

Denver Nuggets (2003–2011)New York Knicks (2011–2017)Oklahoma City Thunder (2017–2018)Houston Rockets (2018–present)

1,341

3,861

.347

39

Baron Davis

PG

Charlotte Hornets (1999–2002)New Orleans Hornets (2002–2005)Golden State Warriors (2005–2008)Los Angeles Clippers (2008–2011)Cleveland Cavaliers (2011)New York Knicks (2012)

1,332

4,159

.320

40

Mitch Richmond*

SG

Golden State Warriors (1988–1991)Sacramento Kings (1991–1998)Washington Wizards (1999–2001)Los Angeles Lakers (2001–2002)

1,326

3,419

.388

41

Ryan Anderson^

PF

New Jersey Nets (2008–2009)Orlando Magic (2009–2012)New Orleans Hornets/Pelicans (2012–2016)Houston Rockets (2016–present)

1,315

3,446

.382

42

Trevor Ariza^

SF

New York Knicks (2004–2006)Orlando Magic (2006–2007)Los Angeles Lakers (2007–2009)Houston Rockets (2009–2010, 2014–2018)New Orleans Hornets (2010–2012)Washington Wizards (2012–2014)Phoenix Suns (2018–present)

1,313

3,721

.353

43

Allan Houston

SG

Detroit Pistons (1993–1996)New York Knicks (1996–2005)

1,305

3,247

.402

44

Mike Dunleavy Jr.

SF/SG

Golden State Warriors (2002–2007)Indiana Pacers (2007–2011)Milwaukee Bucks (2011–2013)Chicago Bulls (2013–2016)Cleveland Cavaliers (2016–2017) Atlanta Hawks (2017)

1,304

3,460

.377

45

Terry Porter

PG

Portland Trail Blazers (1985–1995)Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–1998)Miami Heat (1999)San Antonio Spurs (1999–2002)

1,297

3,360

.386

46

Mookie Blaylock

PG

New Jersey Nets (1989–1992)Atlanta Hawks (1992–1999)Golden State Warriors (1999–2002)

1,283

3,816

.336

47

Damian Lillard^

PG

Portland Trail Blazers (2012–present)

1,269

3,447

.368

48

Vernon Maxwell

SG

San Antonio Spurs (1988–1990, 1996–1997)Houston Rockets (1990–1995)Philadelphia 76ers (1995–1996, 2000)Orlando Magic (1998)Charlotte Hornets (1998)Sacramento Kings (1999)Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2000)Dallas Mavericks (2001)

1,256

3,931

.320

49

Clifford Robinson

PF/SF

Portland Trail Blazers (1989–1997)Phoenix Suns (1997–2001)Detroit Pistons (2001–2003)Golden State Warriors (2003–2005)New Jersey Nets (2005–2007)

1,253

3,515

.356

50

Stephen Jackson

SG/SF

New Jersey Nets (2000–2001)San Antonio Spurs (2001–2003, 2012–2013)Atlanta Hawks (2003–2004)Indiana Pacers (2004–2007)Golden State Warriors (2007–2009)Charlotte Bobcats (2009–2011)Milwaukee Bucks (2011–2012)Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2014)

1,252

3,763

.333

text: Progressive list of 3-point scoring leaders[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of 3-point scoring leaders showing how the record has increased through the years.

text:
Team abbreviations

Team(s) listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

BOS
Boston Celtics
HOU
Houston Rockets
ORL
Orlando Magic
SEA
Seattle SuperSonics

CHA
Charlotte Bobcats
IND
Indiana Pacers
PHI
Philadelphia 76ers
TOR
Toronto Raptors

CHI
Chicago Bulls
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
PHO
Phoenix Suns
UTA
Utah Jazz

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
MIA
Miami Heat
SAC
Sacramento Kings
WAS
Washington Wizards

DEN
Denver Nuggets
MIL
Milwaukee Bucks
SAS
San Antonio Spurs
WSB
Washington Bullets

GSW
Golden State Warriors
NYK
New York Knicks
SDC
San Diego Clippers

text:
Progressive 3-point leaders

Season

Year-by-year leader

3P

Active player leader

3P

Career record

3P

Single-season record

3P

Season

1979–80
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
1979–80

1980–81
Mike Bratz000CLE
57
134
134
1980–81

1981–82
Don Buse000IND
73
Joe Hassett000GSW
193
Joe Hassett000GSW
193
1981–82

1982–83
Mike Dunleavy000 SAS
67
194
194
1982–83

1983–84
Darrell Griffith000UTA
91
Darrell Griffith000UTA
154
Darrell Griffith000UTA
91
1983–84

1984–85
92
246
Darrell Griffith000UTA
246
92
1984–85

1985–86
Larry Bird*000BOS
82
Larry Bird*000BOS
267
Larry Bird*000BOS
267
1985–86

1986–87
90
357
357
1986–87

1987–88
Danny Ainge000BOS
148
455
455
Danny Ainge000BOS
148
1987–88

1988–89
Michael Adams000DEN
166
Dale Ellis000SEA
472
Dale Ellis000SEA
472
Michael Adams000DEN
166
1988–89

1989–90
158
568
568
1989–90

1990–91
Vernon Maxwell000HOU
172
Michael Adams000DEN 1990–91000WSB 1991–92
658
Michael Adams000DEN 1990–91000WSB 1991–92
658
Vernon Maxwell000HOU
172
1990–91

1991–92
162
783
783
1991–92

1992–93
Reggie Miller*000INDDan Majerle000PHO
167
Dale Ellis000 SAS 1992–94000 DEN 1994–97
882
Dale Ellis000 SAS 1992–94000 DEN 1994–97
882
1992–93

1993–94
Dan Majerle000PHO
192
1,013
1,013
Dan Majerle000PHO
192
1993–94

1994–95
John Starks000NYK
217
1,119
1,119
John Starks000NYK
217
1994–95

1995–96
Dennis Scott000ORL
267
1,269
1,269
Dennis Scott000ORL
267
1995–96

1996–97
Reggie Miller*000IND
229
1,461
1,461
1996–97

1997–98
Wesley Person000CLE
192
Reggie Miller*000IND
1,596
Reggie Miller*000IND
1,596
1997–98

1998–99
Dee Brown000TOR
135
1,702
1,702
1998–99

1999–00
Gary Payton*000SEA
177
1,867
1,867
1999–00

2000–01
Antoine Walker000BOS
221
2,037
2,037
2000–01

2001–02
Ray Allen*000MIL
229
2,217
2,217
2001–02

2002–03
201
2,330
2,330
2002–03

2003–04
Peja Stojaković000SAC
240
2,464
2,464
2003–04

2004–05
Quentin Richardson0PHOKyle Korver^00PHI
226
2,560
2,560
2004–05

2005–06
Ray Allen*000SEA
269
Ray Allen*000SEA 2005–07000BOS 2007–12000MIA 2012–14
1,755
Ray Allen*000SEA
269
2005–06

2006–07
Gilbert Arenas00WAS Raja Bell00PHO
205
1,920
2006–07

2007–08
Jason Richardson§000CHA
243
2,100
2007–08

2008–09
Rashard Lewis000ORL
220
2,299
2008–09

2009–10
Aaron Brooks^000HOU
209
2,444
2009–10

2010–11
Dorell Wright†000GSW
194
2,612
Ray Allen*000BOS 2010–12000MIA 2012–14
2,612
2010–11

2011–12
Ryan Anderson^000ORL
166
2,718
2,718
2011–12

2012–13
Stephen Curry^000GSW
272
2,857
2,857
Stephen Curry^000GSW
272
2012–13

2013–14
261
2,973
2,973
2013–14

2014–15
286
Jason Terry^000HOU 2014–16000MIL 2016–18
2,076
286
2014–15

2015–16
402
2,169
402
2015–16

2016–17
324
2,242
2016–17

2017–18
James Harden^000HOU
265
2,282
2017–18

Season
Year-by-year leader
3P
Active player leader
3P
Career record
3P
Single-season record
3P
Season

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The National Basketball Association did not record 3-point field goals until the 1979–80 season

Jump up ^ "NBA Progressive Leaders and Records for 3-Pt Field Goals". Basketball-Reference.com. Sports-Reference. Retrieved 24 March 2015.

^ Jump up to: a b A player is not eligible for induction into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame until he has been fully retired for three calendar years.

^ Jump up to: a b "2019 Hall of Fame Candidates". Retrieved August 18, 2018.

Jump up ^ American Basketball Association (ABA) teams other than those admitted into the NBA in 1976 are not included; each year is linked to an article about that particular NBA season.

tag: ol