document_title: NC State Wolfpack men's basketball

question_text: when was the last time nc state made the ncaa tournament

question_tokens: when was the last time nc state made the ncaa tournament

text: NC State Wolfpack men's basketball

text: History[edit]

text: NC State began varsity intercollegiate competition in men's basketball in 1911.[2] In 105 years of play, the Wolfpack ranks 25th in total victories among NCAA Division I college basketball programs and 26th in winning percentage among programs that have competed at the Division I level for at least 26 years. The team's all-time record is 1,697–1,055 (.617).[3]

text: The program saw its greatest success during the head coaching tenures of Everett Case (1946–1965), Norm Sloan (1967–1980), and Jim Valvano (1980–1990).

text: NC State has produced some of the ACC's best players, including Tom Burleson, Rodney Monroe, Monte Towe, and Ron Shavlik.[4] David Thompson, who led the Wolfpack to its first NCAA title in 1974, has been recognized as one of college basketball's greatest players.[5] [6][7] The Wolfpack has won a total of 17 conference tournament championships and 13 regular season conference titles. State has appeared in the NCAA Tournament 26 times, with three Final Four appearances (1950, 1974, 1983) and two national titles (1974, 1983). The Wolfpack also appeared in the Final Four of the 1947 National Invitational Tournament, which was during the NIT's "national championship era."

text: NC State achieved its 1700th overall win against Presbyterian College, 86-68, becoming the 26th NCAA school to reach such an achievement.[8]

text: The early years (1910–1945)[edit]

text: In 1910 Guy Bryan formed a special committee that proposed to the university administration the organization of the school's first basketball team.[9] The program played its first official intercollegiate basketball game on February 16, 1911 against a much more experienced squad from Wake Forest. NC State, then known as the North Carolina A&M Farmers, lost, 33–6. The two teams met again five days later in Raleigh, with A&M earning its first-ever victory, 19–18. The following year, the school's athletics council officially recognized basketball as a sport.[9]

text: Before the 1920–21 season the university changed its name from North Carolina A&M to North Carolina State College. At that time the school's nickname was the "Tech."[9] That season the program joined the fledgling Southern Conference as a charter member.[10] State College changed its nickname yet again in 1923, this time to the "Red Terrors." The name was drawn from a combination of the play of Rochelle "Red" Johnson and the team's new bright red road uniforms. Also in 1923, State opened its first basketball facility, Frank Thompson Gym. The gym, named in honor of a former athlete from the school who died in action during World War I, served as the team's home until 1948.[9] During the first years of the program, the team had no practice facility and was forced to practice on an outdoor field in nearby Pullen Park.[11]

text: Gus Tebell took over the basketball team as head coach in 1924. During his tenure he led the program to a number of school firsts, including the first conference championship in 1929 and the first 20-win season. He compiled a then all-time program best career coaching record at 79–36. The Wolfpack's first player to garner significant national recognition was Bud Rose, who, after the 1931–32 season, was named as an honorable mention All-American.[9]

text: In 1941 the university began construction on William Neal Reynolds Coliseum, a multi-purpose arena that would serve as the new home of Wolfpack basketball. Construction was stalled due to the involvement of the United States in World War II, and the skeleton structure of the arena was left unfinished for nearly six years until its completion in 1949. The Wolfpack would play its home games at Reynolds for the next 50 years, until the men's team moved to PNC Arena in 1999.

text: Everett Case era (1946–1965)[edit]

text: Following the end of World War II, chancellor John W. Harrelson and athletic director H.A. Fisher set upon rebuilding the university's athletic teams. In 1946 David Clark, a former president of the NC State Alumni Association, suggested to the Athletics Council that the best place to search for a new head basketball coach would be in Indiana, which was a basketball hotbed at the time. Per Clark's suggestion, Harrelson and his father Stejem Mark met with Indiana native Chuck Taylor who was in Raleigh to coach his army team in an exhibition game against NC State. Taylor's recommendation for the job was his former high school coach Everett Case.[12] When approached by Harrelson about the job, Case was at first hesitant because of the tight restrictions under which the program had been operating. Harrelson assured Case that he would be given an expanded budget and more than enough scholarships to field a competitive team. Additionally, Case was lured by the still unfinished Reynolds Coliseum. He accepted the job almost immediately without ever visiting the campus.[13]

text: Six consecutive Southern Conference titles[edit]

text: Everett Case was named head coach on July 1, 1946. Case had previously coached high school basketball in Indiana, where in 23 seasons he compiled a 726–75 record and won four state championships.[14] Before arriving at NC State, he spent two years as an assistant coach at the University of Southern California and spent several years coaching teams at various Naval bases during the war.[15] In February 1947, his first season at NC State, Case defeated arch-rival North Carolina in Chapel Hill, 48–46 in overtime, beginning a streak of 15 consecutive victories over the Tar Heels. Later that month, an afternoon game in Thompson Gym against Duke was postponed by city fire officials because of overcrowding. That evening the game was officially canceled after fans were found sneaking through bathroom windows, breaking down doors, and hiding in the basement.[16] Less than three weeks later, Case guided the Red Terrors to their first Southern Conference championship in 18 years. Case and his team celebrated by performing an Indiana high school tradition of cutting down the nets. The tradition soon spread to college teams across the nation and survives amongst championship teams to this day.[17] Soon after his arrival, Case was named "Tar Heel of the Week" by the Raleigh News and Observer, citing that "since the little man came here from Indiana...basketball has almost supplanted politics as the favorite topic of discussion in the North Carolina capital."[18] In Case's second season as head coach the team changed its nickname from the Red Terrors to the Wolfpack.[16]

text: In February 1948, Case made alterations to the design of the still incomplete Reynolds Coliseum. Attempting to usurp Duke's Cameron Indoor Stadium as the largest basketball arena in the area,[10] Case insisted that the blueprints be changed to increase the maximum capacity from 9,000 seats to 12,400. Construction resumed later that month after a final shipment of steel arrived in Raleigh.[16] Reynolds officially opened its doors on December 2, 1949, with a Wolfpack win over Washington & Lee, 67–47, in front of a crowd of 11,020.[19] At that time, the arena was the largest college basketball facility in the southeast.[16] Soon after Reynolds' opening, the Greensboro News & Record wrote that Raleigh had become "the basketball capital of the world. Immediately, at once."[20]

text: Later that month, December 28–30, the first annual Dixie Classic tournament was held in Reynolds. The Dixie Classic was a three-day tournament held each December until 1961 that matched the four Tobacco Road schools of NC State, North Carolina, Duke, and Wake Forest against four of the top teams from across the country. In its time the Dixie Classic became the largest regular season tournament in college basketball.[21] After finishing the season at 27–6 and winning its fourth consecutive Southern Conference Tournament, the Wolfpack received invitations to both the National Invitation Tournament and the NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. Case declined the NIT bid and accepted the invitation to the program's first ever NCAA Tournament.[22] The team defeated Holy Cross before losing to eventual champion City College of New York, 78–73. NC State went on to defeat Baylor in the third-place game, 53–41.[16] The Wolfpack won its fifth consecutive Southern Conference title in 1951 and its sixth the following year. Both seasons ended in early exits from the NCAA Tournament, though. In 1951 State defeated Villanova in the first round before losing to Illinois. In 1952 the team lost in the first round to St. John's and future North Carolina head coach Frank McGuire.

text: The Wolfpack's six-year winning streak against North Carolina came to an end in January 1953, as the Wolfpack, ranked #17 in the country, lost to the unranked Tar Heels in Raleigh, 70–69.[23] It was the first match between the two schools since the hiring of Frank "the man" McGuire the previous summer. McGuire inflamed NC State players and fans by having his players cut down the nets in Reynolds Coliseum following the victory.[16] Despite the loss, the Pack finished first in the conference at 13–3 but lost in the conference tournament championship game. The team was ranked 18th in the final AP poll of 1953 but was left out of the NCAA Tournament for the first time in four years.

text: The move to the ACC[edit]

text: By the end of the 1952–53 season the Southern Conference had bloated to 17 members and was still seen as a football-centric conference. Maryland and Duke had become national football powers and there weren't many schools in the conference that could regularly compete against them. In an effort to create a more balanced round-robin schedule and thus secure an automatic bid to the Orange Bowl, the top eight football schools from the conference—Maryland, Duke, UNC, Virginia, South Carolina, Clemson, Wake Forest, and NC State—left to form the Atlantic Coast Conference.[24]

text: NC State's first ACC contest was on the road against Wake Forest in December 1953. The Wolfpack was ranked #8 in the nation at the time, but just as in the first ever meeting between the two schools, Wake Forest prevailed. Case and his squad defeated the Demon Deacons later that season in the first-ever ACC Tournament championship game, 82–80 in overtime. The victory meant a return trip to the NCAA Tournament, where NC State defeated George Washington in the first round before losing to eventual champion La Salle in the second round. Case's squad won a second ACC title the following year, defeating Duke in 87–77 in the championship game. The team finished with a 28–4 record but was ineligible for postseason play; earlier in the season the NCAA imposed four years' probation and banned them from postseason play during that time for numerous recruiting violations.[25] The Wolfpack brought home a third consecutive ACC title in the 1955–56 season, setting a record for consecutive ACC championships that stood until 2002. The team also played in its first televised game earlier that season, losing to North Carolina in Chapel Hill, 73–69.[16] State struggled in the 1956–57 season, finishing fifth in the conference for the first time under Case. State's loss in the first round of that year's ACC Tournament also marked the first time that Case did not lead his team to the conference championship game. To add insult to injury, bitter rival North Carolina brought the ACC its first national championship. The team finished third in 1958 and was ranked 20th in the nation at the season's end but again lost early in the ACC Tournament, this time to North Carolina in the quarterfinals.

text: The 1958 Dixie Classic brought to Reynolds Coliseum some of the most talented teams ever assembled for the tournament. Included in the field were eight players who eventually earned All-American honors, including NC State's Lou Pucillo and John Richter, North Carolina's Lee Shaffer, York Larese, and Doug Moe, Cincinnati's Oscar Robertson, Michigan State's Johnny Green, and Louisville's Don Goldstein. Later that season, NC State, ranked #10 in the nation, defeated North Carolina, ranked #5, 80–56 to win their fourth ACC championship in six seasons. However, due to the 1956 sanctions, they were ineligible for the NCAA Tournament. The Pack finished the season ranked #6 with a 22–4 record.[16]

text: Case's final years[edit]

text: The 1959–60 Wolfpack team finished with an 11–15 record, marking Case's first losing season in Raleigh. The team finished fourth in the ACC in 1961 and third in 1962 but lost in the first round of the conference tournament both seasons. In the summer of 1962, Case, then 62 years old, hired his former player and then Clemson head coach Press Maravich to be his top assistant. Case's health began to deteriorate rapidly over the following two seasons as the Wolfpack finished fifth in the ACC in 1963 and seventh in 1964. The seventh-place finish was the lowest of Case's tenure and would prove to be his last. On December 7, 1964, just two games into the season, Everett Case retired and named Maravich as his successor.[16] During his tenure, Case won six Southern Conference titles, four ACC titles, and qualified for the NCAA Tournament twice. His overall record of 377–134 remains the best in NC State history.[citation needed]

text: Maravich led the Pack to second-place finish in the conference and an ACC championship, its first in six years. After State defeated eighth-ranked Duke in the championship game, 91–85, Case, by then using a wheelchair, was rolled on court to cut the final strand from the net.[26] Maravich had originally been hired in part because of his son Pete Maravich, who at the time was a highly touted high school player. After Pete failed to qualify academically at NC State, he accepted a scholarship to play at LSU. After the 1965–66 season, Press Maravich resigned as head coach of the Wolfpack to follow Pete to LSU.[27] NC state finished eighth in the ACC in Maravich's final year. On April 30, 1966, the day after Maravich announced that he was leaving, Everett Case died while in a Raleigh hospital.

text: Norm Sloan era (1967–1980)[edit]

text: Just a week after Maravich's exit, former Wolfpack basketball and football player Norm Sloan was hired as the new head coach. In 1967–68, his first season, Sloan's team finished the regular season third in the ACC with a 9–5 conference record.[28] State made it as far as the ACC championship game before losing to North Carolina 87–50, but it was the Pack's semifinal game against tenth-ranked Duke that is most remembered. Sloan realized that his team was vastly undersized against the Blue Devils. He decided, however, to use the Wolfpack's quickness to its advantage and keep the ball away from the Duke players for as much of the game as possible. Using a tactic he coined "stall-ball," Sloan instructed his players to hold the ball at halfcourt and slow the game down as much as possible. The final result was the lowest scoring game in ACC Tournament history. Duke led 4–2 at halftime and the Wolfpack held the ball for more than 13 straight minutes in the second half. In the end, State prevailed 12–10.[29]

text: The following season marked another historic first in the Wolfpack program, as on December 2, 1968, Al Heartly debuted as the school's first African-American basketball player. Heartly had a solid three-year career at NC State and was named a team captain as a senior.[28]

text: NC State won Sloan's first ACC title, and sixth overall, in Sloan's third season, 1969–70. The team finished the regular season at 23–7 overall and third in the conference. In the conference championship game, the Pack defeated third-ranked South Carolina 42–39 in double overtime.[28] With the victory, the Wolfpack was invited to its first NCAA Tournament in five years. State received a bye in the first round of the tournament and lost its first game to St. Bonaventure in the semifinals, 80–68. In the Eastern Regional third-place game, the Pack defeated Niagara, 108–88. Despite State's quick exit from the tournament, Sloan's squad finished the season ranked tenth in the AP poll, its first end-of-the-season ranking since being ranked sixth following the 1958–59 season.

text: During the spring of 1970, just after the season's end, Sloan signed Tom Burleson. Burleson, a 7'4" native of Newland, NC, was the first major player of the Wolfpack squad that would have a combined record of 57–1 during the 1972–73 and 1973–74 seasons to be signed. The following spring, Sloan signed the remaining pieces of the 1974 championship nucleus, 6'4" David Thompson, 5'7" point guard Monte Towe, and 6'7" power forward Tim Stoddard.[28] At the time, the NCAA prohibited freshmen from competing on varsity squads and the team struggled in the following two seasons, finishing seventh in the ACC in 1970–71 and fifth in 1971–72. At 13–14 overall, the 1970–71 season was Sloan's worst and his only losing season as the Wolfpack head coach.

text: With the addition of Thompson, Towe, and Stoddard to the starting lineup in 1972–73, the team rebounded quickly from its recent struggles. David Thompson, known as "Skywalker" for his 44 inch vertical leap,[30] impressed in his 1972 debut as a sophomore. In what was a 130–53 rout of Appalachian State, Thompson scored 33 points and collected 13 rebounds.[10] On January 14, 1973 NC State played in the first nationally televised Super Bowl Sunday college basketball matchup. The third-ranked Wolfpack defeated second-ranked Maryland in College Park, 87–85. The two teams met again two months later in the ACC Tournament championship game. State won another narrow victory over the Terrapins, 76–74, to finish the season at a perfect 27–0.[28] However, due to NCAA sanctions resulting from violations during Thompson's recruiting, the team was barred from postseason participation.[10]

text: First national championship[edit]

text:
1974 NCAA Tournament Championship Game Box Score

Player
Min
FG
FT
REB
AST
PF
PTS

D. Thompson
40
7–12
7–8
7
2
3
21

M. Towe
37
5–10
6–7
3
2
1
16

T. Burleson
36
6–9
2–6
11
0
4
14

M. Rivers
40
4–9
6–9
2
5
2
14

T. Stoddard
25
3–4
2–2
7
2
5
8

P. Spence
19
1–2
1–2
3
3
2
3

M. Moeller
3
0–0
0–0
0
0
0
0

Totals
200
26–46
24–34
34
14
17
76

tag: table

text:
1974 NCAA Tournament Results

Round
Opponent
Score

East Quarterfinals
–
–

East Semifinals
Providence
92–78

East Finals
Pittsburgh
100–72

Final Four
UCLA
80–77

Championship
Marquette
76–64

text: The NCAA sanctions against the Wolfpack were lifted after the 1972–73 season. Ranked second nationally in the first AP poll of the season,[31] the team was poised to make another strong run. State began the season with a pair of games against East Carolina and Vermont, which it won by a combined score of 176–87. The third game of the season was against seven-time defending national champions UCLA and coach John Wooden. The Pack came out sluggish and was easily defeated, 84–66. It would prove to be the team's only loss in two seasons, though, as the Pack tore through the ACC, finishing the regular season at 24–1 overall.[32] As the team continued to rack up victories, its national ranking rose accordingly. On February 19, with just four regular season games remaining, NC State overtook UCLA for the top spot in the AP poll; it was the program's first ever #1 ranking.[citation needed]

text: As the top seed in the conference tournament, the Wolfpack received a bye in the first round. In the semifinals State easily defeated Virginia, 87–66. In the championship game the team faced off against fourth-ranked Maryland, which had lost by only six points in each of the teams' regular season meetings. Maryland jumped to an early 25–12 lead, hitting 12 of its first 14 shots. The Wolfpack cut the deficit to five points at halftime, but momentum shifted throughout the second half. NC State led by four late in the game, but Maryland closed the gap and sent the game to overtime, tied at 97. The Wolfpack, led by Tom Burleson's 38 points, won 103–100 in what has been heralded as one of the greatest college basketball games ever played.[33][34]

text: Back in the NCAA Tournament for the first time in four seasons, Sloan and his team played their first two games on their home court. They defeated their first two opponents, Providence and Pittsburgh, by a combined 32 points to set up a Final Four rematch with UCLA. In the week leading up to the game, thousands of fans packed Reynolds Coliseum to watch the Wolfpack practice. When the two teams finally met in Greensboro, it was another tight contest for the Pack. After ending regulation tied at 65, each team scored only two points in the first overtime. UCLA took a seven-point lead in the second extra period, but NC State led by David Thompson, took the lead for the final time with 34 seconds to play. State went on to win, 80–77, and advanced to the national championship game against Marquette.[35]

text: The championship game, played two nights later, was much less competitive than the previous contest. The game was close in the first half until Marquette coach Al McGuire received two technical fouls and was ejected from the game. McGuire's exit sparked a 10–0 Wolfpack run just before halftime. NC State led by as much as 19 points in the second half and ultimately won, 76–64.[35]

text: Thompson left NC State after his senior season in 1975 as the school's most decorated player. He won every major national player of the year award in 1975, in addition to being a three-time consensus First-Team All-America honoree, a three-time unanimous First-Team All-ACC honoree, and a three-time ACC Player of the Year winner.[36] In his 86 games, Thompson scored 2,309 points (26.8 ppg);[37] he still holds the Wolfpack records for points scored in a single season (838 in 1974–75) and points scored in a single game (57 in 1974). His #44 jersey remains the only retired jersey in NC State history, though others have been honored.[citation needed]

text: Sloan remained head coach through the 1979–80 season. His last team (1979–80) team reached the NCAA Tournament, losing to Iowa in the second round. Also, twice during his final six seasons in Raleigh his teams played in the NIT. In 1976, the Pack advanced to the semifinals and in 1978, it defeated South Carolina, Detroit, and Georgetown before falling to Texas in the championship game. In his final season, he led the program to its 1000th victory. After resigning from NC State, Sloan returned to Florida, where he had previously coached from 1961–1965.[10]

text: Jim Valvano era (1980–1990)[edit]

text: Following Sloan's exit, Jim Valvano was hired as head coach on March 27, 1980.[10] Valvano had previously coached at Iona, where he compiled a 94–47 record over five seasons.[38] Valvano's teams saw incremental improvement in his first two seasons, finishing seventh in the ACC in 1981 and fourth in 1982.

text:
1983 NCAA Tournament Results

Round
Opponent
Score

Round of 48
Pepperdine
69–67 2OT

Round of 32
UNLV
71–70

Sweet Sixteen
Utah
75–56

Elite Eight
Virginia
63–62

Final Four
Georgia
67–60

Championship
Houston
54–52

text: Expectations were high before the 1982–83 season, but a foot injury to Dereck Whittenburg slowed the team to a fourth place regular season finish. Whittenburg returned to the court in time for the ACC Tournament, which most believed the Pack needed to win in order to secure a second consecutive berth in the NCAA Tournament. State did just that, defeating heavily favored North Carolina and Virginia squads led by Michael Jordan and Ralph Sampson, respectively. The Wolfpack kept winning. Their close games and exciting finishes in the ACC Tournament and early rounds of the NCAA tournament earned them the moniker The Cardiac Pack. As a #6 seed in the NCAA Tournament, the Wolfpack won narrow victories over Pepperdine (in double overtime) and UNLV (71–70) before defeating Utah in the Sweet Sixteen, 75–56. In the regional final, NC State again defeated Virginia, 63–62, then defeated Georgia in the Final Four to advance to the championship game against Houston. The Cougars, nicknamed Phi Slama Jama for their athletic, fast-paced style of play that featured Clyde Drexler and Hakeem Olajuwon, were expected to win easily over the underdog Wolfpack. NC State escaped with their second national title after a last-second air ball by Dereck Whittenburg was caught and dunked by Lorenzo Charles.[10] The 54–52 final is one of the most famous in college basketball history.[1]

text: Valvano's 1984 team finished 7th in the ACC and lost in the first round of the NIT to future conference foe Florida State. The following season, with the addition of guard Vinny Del Negro, the Pack began a run of five consecutive trips to the NCAA Tournament. The Pack reached the Elite Eight in 1985 and 1986 and the Sweet Sixteen in 1989. In 1987, after a sixth-place finish in the regular season, NC State made another surprising run through the ACC Tournament. In the championship game, State defeated rival North Carolina, which had gone undefeated in conference play. It was the program's last ACC championship to date. State finished second in the conference the following year and was a #3 seed in the NCAA Tournament. The team made an early exit, though, losing to #14 seed Murray State in the first round.[10]

text: Valvano's final season in Raleigh was mired in controversy after the release of the book, Personal Fouls, written by Peter Golenbock. In the book, Golenbock alleged improper practices and a lack of institutional control in the NC State athletics department. The allegations included grade fixing, lowered or waived entrance requirements for athletes, the selling of tickets and sneakers by athletes, and frequent drug use by athletes.[39] The claims were refuted by Valvano and Chancellor Bruce Poulton, claiming that some of the players might have sold some of their shoes. The NCAA investigation, and 5 additional investigations by separate entities found only that players indeed sold shoes and their complimentary game tickets for spending money. Nonetheless, the NCAA banned NC State from postseason play for the 1989-90 season. Earlier, NC State limited itself to only 12 total scholarships for 1990-91 and 1991-92. Although Valvano was not named in the NCAA report at all, new chancellor Larry Monteith forced his resignation on April 7, 1990.[10][40]

text: Les Robinson era (1990–1996)[edit]

text: To replace Valvano, NC State turned to East Tennessee State coach Les Robinson, who had played for Case in the 1960s. Robinson was the 1991 District Coach of the Year as selected by the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC) after leading NC State to a 20–11 record in the first season. He was the first first-year coach in ACC history to win 20 games, post a winning regular season conference record, and win games in both the ACC and NCAA Tournaments. The only other coach to pull off this feat is North Carolina's Bill Guthridge.

text: However, the lost scholarships took their full effect a year later, and the Wolfpack plummeted into the ACC's second division for the next five years. The low point of Robinson's tenure at his alma mater came during the 1992–93 season. Due to injuries and academic-related suspensions, Robinson was only able to dress seven players for most conference games. They ultimately finished 8–19, the worst record in modern Wolfpack history.

text: In 1992 the ACC Tournament was expanded because of the addition of Florida State. A play-in game between the eighth and ninth place teams was created, and during his five years as the N.C. State coach after its addition, Robinson's Wolfpack played in the play-in game four out of five times (finishing seventh in 1992). Because of his team's traditional appearance in the Thursday night play-in game, the game became known as the "Les Robinson Invitational" by ACC fans. The play-in game was discontinued when the ACC expanded to include Miami and Virginia Tech, and required three Thursday games. With the later addition of Boston College, there are now four games on Thursday.

text: Les Robinson would stay on as head coach through the 1995–96 season. While he never tallied another winning record, his stint went a long way towards cleansing the image of the program to both insiders and outsiders.[10] Robinson was appointed NC State's athletic director in 1996 and stepped down as head coach. He left to become The Citadel's athletic director in 2000.

text: Herb Sendek era (1996–2006)[edit]

text: Sendek was hired at NC State in 1996 after three years of success at Miami (Ohio), his first head coaching experience. He immediately improved upon the Les Robinson era, winning 17 games for the program's first winning record in six years. In his first year at NC State, the Wolfpack also finished the year winning eight of 11 games, advanced to the finals of the ACC Tournament, and earned a trip to the postseason in the NIT.

text: Sendek coached NC State to the NCAA tournament five consecutive years from 2002 until 2006 (tying the school record). He had his most success during these last five years, winning his 100th game at NC State in 2002 and having a winning conference record in each year but one. In 2004, Sendek won ACC Coach of the Year and Julius Hodge, one of Sendek's most prized recruits during his NC State tenure, won the ACC Men's Basketball Player of the Year. In 2005, NC State upset defending champion Connecticut in the second round of the NCAA tournament to advance to the Sweet Sixteen, NC State's deepest run into the tournament during Sendek's years. Sendek finished his NC State coaching career with a 71–88 record in the ACC and a 32–87 record against RPI top 50 teams. On April 3, 2006, Sendek accepted the head coaching job at Arizona State.

text: Sidney Lowe era (2006–2011)[edit]

text: Sidney Lowe was named head coach in May 2006 after a month-long search that included such targets as Rick Barnes, John Beilein, John Calipari, and Steve Lavin.[41] Lowe's first season got off to a good start as the Wolfpack won its first five games. State's first three ACC contests were losses, however, and the team finished the regular season at 15–14, tenth place in the ACC at 5–11.[42] Despite depth issues, the squad made a surprising run to the ACC Tournament championship game in Tampa, winning three games in three days before losing to North Carolina, 89–80.[43] The Wolfpack was given a berth in the NIT, its first since 2000. There the Pack defeated Drexel on the road and Marist in Reynolds Coliseum before losing in the third round at West Virginia.[42] After the season, Lowe was rewarded with a contract extension lasting through the 2012–13 season, but after a disappointing 2010–11 season, Lowe resigned his position as NC State's coach.[44]

text: Lowe was one of the most beloved players in NC State history for his role as starting point guard on the "Cardiac Pack" team that won the 1983 NCAA championship. He returned to Raleigh in 2006 to replace Herb Sendek as coach, but the Wolfpack struggled to sustain any momentum in Lowe's five seasons. Although he made the NIT twice, he never made the NCAA tournament as a coach, and never finished higher than ninth place in the ACC. He went 86–78, including just 25–55 in ACC play. Lowe was 3–16 record against rivals Duke and North Carolina, with two of those wins coming in his first year.

text: Lowe also spent five years as an NBA head coach in Minnesota and Memphis, compiling a 79–228 record.

text: Mark Gottfried era (2011–2017)[edit]

text: Mark Gottfried was named head coach on April 5, 2011. In his first season as head coach of NC State, Mark Gottfried recorded a 22–12 overall regular season record, including a 9–7 regular season record in the ACC, and reached the semifinals of the ACC tournament. Mark Gottfried recorded the second best season by a first-year coach at State, second only to Everett Case. Gottfried's first Wolfpack team earned a #11 seed in the 2012 NCAA Tournament. The Pack won in the tournament over sixth seeded San Diego State and third seeded Georgetown to advance to the Sweet Sixteen, where it lost to second seeded Kansas. They finished the season ranked #20 in the AP Poll.

text: Entering the 2012–13 season, expectations ran high for Gottfried's second season as head coach. The Wolfpack returned four starters from its 2012 Sweet Sixteen squad and were joined by a trio of talented freshman, each of whom were selected as McDonald's All Americans. As a result, NC State started the season ranked #6 in the AP preseason poll, the Wolfpack’s second-highest preseason ranking in program history. Additionally, NC State was voted as preseason favorite to win the ACC title in the conference’s annual media survey and the inaugural league coaches’ poll. Ultimately, the team did not live up to media expectations. 24–11 overall, The Wolfpack finished tied for fourth in the ACC regular season standings with a 24–11 overall record (11–7 ACC) and as a #8 seed lost its first game in the second round of the 2013 NCAA tournament to Temple.

text: Mark Gottfried began his third season as head coach of the Wolfpack having lost five of seven players who logged significant minutes (four of which were starters). They struggled for most of the season, finishing 9–9 in ACC play. However, the Wolfpack surprised many by making the semifinals of the ACC tournament by upsetting #11 Syracuse, who entered the tournament as a second seed. They eventually lost to a third seeded Duke team. They were selected as a #12 seed in the 2014 NCAA tournament, where they won over Xavier in the First Four before losing in the second round to St. Louis. They finished the season 22–14.

text: Coming into Gottfried's fourth season, NC State had lost T.J. Warren, the ACC's leading scorer the previous year, to the NBA draft. They also lost point guard Tyler Lewis, who transferred to Butler. They finished 19–12 with a 10–8 ACC record. NC State upset Jahlil Okafor and #2 Duke on January 11, nearly two years after upsetting them in the same place in 2013. They also upset #15 UNC in the Dean Smith Center for the first time since 2003, holding the Heels to their lowest home point total ever. These two wins, along with wins against Louisville and Syracuse made Gottfried the first coach to beat all ACC Hall of Fame coaches in the same year. They made it to the quarterfinals of the ACC tournament where they lost to Duke, and were selected as an 8 seed in the NCAA tournament where they made the Sweet Sixteen, upsetting #1 Villanova along the way.

text: In Gottfried's fifth season, NC State lost half of its scoring threat with Trevor Lacey declaring for the draft and Ralston Turner and Desmond Lee graduating. Additionally, Kyle Washington transferred to the Cincinnati. NC State suffered a loss in their opening game against William & Mary, and highly touted guard Terry Henderson suffered an ankle injury in the first 10 minutes, which resulted in him sitting out for the rest of the season. This was the beginning of a long and painful season for the Pack. NC State struggled to compete in the ACC after going 10–3 out of conference. Junior point guard, Anthony "Cat" Barber finished the season as the ACC's leading scorer, averaging 23.5 points per game and making the All-ACC first team. After a tough loss to Duke in the second round of the ACC Tournament, NC State finished the season 16–17 and 5–13 in the ACC, making it Gottfried's worst season to date. The Wolfpack decided to not participate in any post-season tournaments.

text: Expectations ran high for Gottfried's sixth season as head coach, with a highly touted recruiting class and several key players returning such as Abdul-Malik Abu and BeeJay Anya. It was later announced that he would be fired at the end of the season.

text: Kevin Keatts era (2017–present)[edit]

text: On March 17, 2017, Kevin Keatts was named the head basketball coach at NC State following a meeting with Athletic Director Debbie Yow. [45]

text: Seasons[edit]

text: Results by season (1980–2018)[edit]

text:
Season
Coach
Overall
Conference
Standing
Postseason

Jim Valvano (Atlantic Coast Conference) (1980–1990)

1980–81
Jim Valvano
14–13
4–10
7th

1981–82
Jim Valvano
22–10
7–7
4th
NCAA First Round

1982–83
Jim Valvano
26–10
8–6
T–3rd
NCAA Champions

1983–84
Jim Valvano
19–14
4–10
7th
NIT First Round

1984–85
Jim Valvano
23–10
9–5
T–1st
NCAA Elite Eight

1985–86
Jim Valvano
21–13
7–7
T–4th
NCAA Elite Eight

1986–87
Jim Valvano
20–15
6–8
6th
NCAA First Round

1987–88
Jim Valvano
24–8
10–4
2nd
NCAA First Round

1988–89
Jim Valvano
22–9
10–4
1st
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

1989–90
Jim Valvano
18–12
6–8
T–5th

Jim Valvano:
209–114
71–69

Les Robinson (Atlantic Coast Conference) (1990–1996)

1990–91
Les Robinson
20–11
8–6
T–3rd
NCAA Second Round

1991–92
Les Robinson
12–18
6–10
7th

1992–93
Les Robinson
8–19
2–14
T–8th

1993–94
Les Robinson
11–19
5–11
9th

1994–95
Les Robinson
12–15
4–12
8th

1995–96
Les Robinson
15–16
3–13
9th

Les Robinson:
78–98
28–66

Herb Sendek (Atlantic Coast Conference) (1996–2006)

1996–97
Herb Sendek
17–15
4–12
8th
NIT Second Round

1997–98
Herb Sendek
17–15
5–11
8th
NIT Second Round

1998–99
Herb Sendek
19–14
6–10
5th
NIT Second Round

1999–00
Herb Sendek
20–14
6–10
6th
NIT Semifinals

2000–01
Herb Sendek
13–16
5–11
7th

2001–02
Herb Sendek
23–11
9–7
T–3rd
NCAA Second Round

2002–03
Herb Sendek
18–13
9–7
4th
NCAA First Round

2003–04
Herb Sendek
21–10
11–5
2nd
NCAA Second Round

2004–05
Herb Sendek
21–14
7–9
T–6th
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

2005–06
Herb Sendek
22–10
10–6
4th
NCAA Second Round

Herb Sendek:
191–132
72–88

Sidney Lowe (Atlantic Coast Conference) (2006–2011)

2006–07
Sidney Lowe
20–16
5–11
T–10th
NIT Quarterfinals

2007–08
Sidney Lowe
15–16
4–12
T–11th

2008–09
Sidney Lowe
16–14
6–10
10th

2009–10
Sidney Lowe
20–16
5–11
T–9th
NIT Second Round

2010–11
Sidney Lowe
15–16
5–11
T–10th

Sidney Lowe:
86–78
25–55

Mark Gottfried (Atlantic Coast Conference) (2011–2017)

2011–12
Mark Gottfried
24–13
9–7
T–4th
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

2012–13
Mark Gottfried
24–11
11–7
T–4th
NCAA Second Round

2013–14
Mark Gottfried
22–14
9–9
T–7th
NCAA Second Round

2014–15
Mark Gottfried
22–14
10–8
T–6th
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

2015–16
Mark Gottfried
16–17
5–13
13th

2016–17
Mark Gottfried
15–17
4–14
13th

Mark Gottfried:
123–86
48–58

Kevin Keatts (Atlantic Coast Conference) (2017–present)

2017–18
Kevin Keatts

Kevin Keatts:

Total:
687–508

      National champion         Postseason invitational champion
      Conference regular season champion         Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
      Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
      Conference tournament champion

text: Postseason[edit]

text: NCAA tournament results[edit]

text: The Wolfpack have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 26 times. Their combined record is 34–24. They were National Champions in 1974 and 1983.

text:
Year
Seed
Round
Opponent
Result

1950

Elite Eight
Final Four
National 3rd Place Game
Holy Cross
CCNY
Baylor
W 87–74
L 73–78
W 53–41

1951

Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Regional 3rd Place Game
Villanova
Illinois
St. John's
W 67–62
L 77–84
L 59–71

1952

Sweet Sixteen
Regional 3rd Place Game
St. John's
Penn State
L 49–60
W 69–60

1954

First Round
Sweet Sixteen
Regional 3rd Place Game
George Washington
La Salle
Cornell
W 75-73
L 81-88
W 65-54

1956

First Round
Canisius
L 78–794OT

1965

Sweet Sixteen
Regional 3rd Place Game
Princeton
Saint Joseph's
L 48–66
W 103–81

1970

Sweet Sixteen
Regional 3rd Place Game
St. Bonaventure
Niagara
L 68–80
W 108–88

1974

Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
Providence
Pittsburgh
UCLA
Marquette
W 92–78
W 100–72
W 80–772OT
W 76–64

1980
#4
Second Round
#4 Iowa
L 64–77

1982
#7
First Round
#10 Chattanooga
L 51–58

1983
#6
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
National Championship
#11 Pepperdine
#3 UNLV
#10 Utah
#1 Virginia
#4 Georgia
#1 Houston
W 69–67OT
W 71–70
W 75–56
W 63–62
W 67–60
W 54–52

1985
#3
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
#14 Nevada
#11 UTEP
#7 Alabama
#1 St. John's
W 65–56
W 86–73
W 61–55
L 60–69

1986
#6
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
#11 Iowa
#14 Arkansas–Little Rock
#7 Iowa State
#1 Kansas
W 66–64
W 80–66OT
W 70–66
L 67–75

1987
#11
First Round
#6 Florida
L 70–82

1988
#3
First Round
#14 Murray State
L 75–78

1989
#5
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
#12 South Carolina
#4 Iowa
#1 Georgetown
W 81–66
W 102–962OT
L 61–69

1991
#6
First Round
Second Round
#11 Southern Miss
#3 Oklahoma State
W 114–85
L 64–73

2002
#7
First Round
Second Round
#10 Michigan State
#2 Connecticut
W 69–58
L 74–77

2003
#9
First Round
#8 California
L 74–76OT

2004
#3
First Round
Second Round
#14 Louisiana–Lafayette
#6 Vanderbilt
W 61–52
L 73–75

2005
#10
First Round
Second Roun
Sweet Sixteen
#7 Charlotte
#2 Connecticut
#6 Wisconsin
W 75–63
W 65–62
L 56–65

2006
#10
First Round
Second Round
#7 California
#2 Texas
W 58–52
L 54–75

2012
#11
Second Round
Third Round
Sweet Sixteen
#6 San Diego State
#3 Georgetown
#2 Kansas
W 79–65
W 66–63
L 57–60

2013
#8
Second Round
#9 Temple
L 72–76

2014
#12
First Four
Second Round
#12 Xavier
#5 Saint Louis
W 74–59
L 80–83OT

2015
#8
Second Round
Third Round
Sweet Sixteen
#9 LSU
#1 Villanova
#4 Louisville
W 66–65
W 71–68
L 65–75

text: NCAA Tournament seeding history[edit]

text: The NCAA began seeding the tournament with the 1979 edition.

text:
Years →
'80
'82
'83
'85
'86
'87
'88
'89
'91
'02
'03
'04
'05
'06
'12
'13
'14
'15

Seeds →
4
7
6
3
6
11
3
5
6
7
9
3
10
10
11
8
12
8

text: NIT results[edit]

text: The Wolfpack have appeared in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) 11 times. Their combined record is 16–12.

text:
Year
Round
Opponent
Result

1947
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
3rd Place Game
St. John's
Kentucky
Utah
W 61–55
L 42–60
W 64–52

1948
Quarterfinals
DePaul
L 64–75

1976
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
3rd Place Game
Holy Cross
Charlotte
Providence
W 78–68
L 79–80
W 74–69

1978
First Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Finals
South Carolina
Detroit
Georgetown
Texas
W 83–70
W 84–77
W 86–85
L 93–101

1984
First Round
Florida State
L 71–74

1997
First Round
Second Round
SW Missouri State
West Virginia
W 77–66
L 73–76

1998
First Round
Second Round
Kansas State
Georgia
W 59–39
L 55–61

1999
First Round
Second Round
Providence
Princeton
W 92–86
L 58–61

2000
First Round
Second Round
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
3rd Place Game
Tulane
Arizona State
Ole Miss
Wake Forest
Penn State
W 64–60
W 60–57
W 77–54
L 59–62
L 72–74

2007
First Round
Second Round
Quarterfinals
Drexel
Marist
West Virginia
W 63–56
W 69–62
L 66–71

2010
First Round
Second Round
South Florida
UAB
W 58–57
L 52–72

text: Players[edit]

text: Current roster[edit]

text: Note: Flags indicate national team eligibility at FIBA sanctioned events. Players may hold other non-FIBA nationality not displayed.

text:
No.

Position
Player

0

F
Abdul-Malik Abu

1

F
Lennard Freeman

2

G
Torin Dorn

3

G
Lavar Batts Jr.

5

F
Darius Hicks

10

G
Braxton Beverly

11

G
Markell Johnson

12

G
Allerik Freeman

13

G
C.J Bryce

14

C
Ömer Yurtseven

15

G
Sam Hunt

23

F
Devon Daniels

31

G
Spencer Newman

text: Honored jerseys[edit]

text:
No.
Player
Years

10
Nate McMillan
1984–86

13
Chris Corchiani
1987–91

14
Vinny Del Negro
1984–88

14
Vann Williford
1966–70

21
Rodney Monroe
1987–91

24
Tommy Burleson
1971–74

24
Tom Gugliotta
1988–92

24
Julius Hodge
2001–05

24
John Richter
1956–59

25
Monte Towe
1972–75

25
Dereck Whittenburg
1979–83

32
Kenny Carr
1974–77

35
Sidney Lowe
1979–83

41
Thurl Bailey
1979–83

43
Lorenzo Charles
1981–85

44
David Thompson
1972–75

52
Todd Fuller
1992–96

70
Dick Dickey
1946–50

73
Vic Molodet
1953–56

77
Sam Ranzino
1947–51

78
Lou Pucillo
1956–59

80
Bobby Speight
1950–53

83
Ronnie Shavlik
1953–56

text: – David Thompson's #44 is NC State's only retired number.

text: Coaches[edit]

text: Current coaching staff[edit]

text:
Name
Position

Kevin Keatts
Head Coach

Takayo Siddle
Assistant Coach

James Johnson
Assistant Coach

A.W. Hamilton
Assistant Coach

Thomas Carr
Director of Operations

Kevin Canevari
Graduate Assistant

Drew Moore
Head Men's Basketball Athletic Trainer

Rachel Agunbiade
Academic Coordinator

Amanda Poppleton
Assistant Director of Sport Nutrition

Kirk Brown
Equipment Manager

Dawn Winters
Executive Assistant to the Head Coach

Maggie Burge
Director of Men's Basketball Administration

Craig Hammel
Director of Athletics Communications

text: Coaching records[edit]

text:
Name
W-L
Win %
Years

Piggy Hargrove
1–7
.125
1911–12

Chuck Sandborn
11–13
.458
1913, 1916

John Hegarty
5–8
.385
1914

H.S. Tucker
5–5
.500
1915

Harry Hartsell
33–31
.516
1917–18, 1922–23

Tal Safford
11–3
.786
1919

Richard Crozier
24–35
.408
1920–21, 1924

Gus Tebell
79–36
.687
1925–30

R.R. Sermon
111–74
.600
1931–40

Bob Warren
21–16
.563
1941–42

Leroy Jay
28–45
.384
1943–46

Everett Case
377–134
.738
1947–64†

Press Maravich
38–13
.745
1964–66

Norm Sloan
266–127
.677
1966–80

Jim Valvano
209–114
.647
1981–90

Les Robinson
78–98
.434
1991–96

Herb Sendek
191–132
.591
1996–06

Sidney Lowe
86–78
.524
2006–11

Mark Gottfried
123–86
.588
2011–2017

Total
1,697–1,040
.617
1911–2017

text: Notable former players[edit]

text: See Category:NC State Wolfpack men's basketball players


document_title: Cooperstown, New York

question_text: what impact has the clark family had upon cooperstown

root

text: Cooperstown, New York

text: History[edit]

text: The village was developed within part of the Cooper Patent, which William Cooper – who later became a county judge – purchased in 1785 from Colonel George Croghan, former Deputy to Sir William Johnson, British Superintendent of Indian Affairs of the Northern District. The land amounted to 10,000 acres (40 km2). William Cooper founded a village on Otsego Lake. His son James Fenimore Cooper grew up in the frontier town. He later became a noted American author with The Leatherstocking Tales, a series of historical novels that includes The Last of the Mohicans.

tag: p

text: Cooper established the village of Cooperstown in 1786, laid out by surveyor William Ellison. At the time, the area was part of Montgomery County. It was incorporated as the "Village of Otsego" on April 3, 1807. The name was changed to "Village of Cooperstown" June 12, 1812 after the founder.[3] William Cooper was appointed as a county judge in the late 18th century, and was elected to the state assembly from Otsego County.

text: Cooperstown is one of only twelve villages in New York still incorporated under a charter, the other villages having incorporated or re-incorporated under the provisions of Village Law.[4]

text: Sister city[edit]

text: The sister city of Cooperstown is Windsor, Nova Scotia. This is due to Windsor being the birthplace of Ice Hockey and Cooperstown being the birthplace of Baseball.[5]

text: Geography and climate[edit]

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.1 km2), of which 1.5 square miles (3.9 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0.10 km2) (2.53%) is water.

text: The source of the Susquehanna River is in Cooperstown at the outlet of Otsego Lake. Blackbird Bay of Otsego Lake is north of the village.

text: The junction of New York State Route 28 and New York State Route 80 was constructed at Cooperstown. The village is also served by County Routes 31 and 33.

text: Climate

text: Cooperstown has a humid continental climate, with cold, very snowy winters, warm summers, and abundant precipitation year-round. Freezing temperatures have been observed in every month of the year, except for July. The record low temperature is −34 °F (−37 °C), set on February 9, 1934, and the record high temperature is 99 °F (37 °C), set on July 9 and 10, 1936.[6]

text:
[show]Climate data for Cooperstown, New York (1981–2010 normals)

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
65
(18)
64
(18)
87
(31)
93
(34)
92
(33)
94
(34)
99
(37)
98
(37)
97
(36)
88
(31)
79
(26)
66
(19)
99
(37)

Average high °F (°C)
30.4
(−0.9)
33.9
(1.1)
42.3
(5.7)
56.3
(13.5)
67.7
(19.8)
75.7
(24.3)
79.9
(26.6)
78.2
(25.7)
70.6
(21.4)
58.9
(14.9)
47.0
(8.3)
35.2
(1.8)
56.3
(13.5)

Average low °F (°C)
11.9
(−11.2)
13.4
(−10.3)
21.2
(−6)
33.0
(0.6)
42.9
(6.1)
52.5
(11.4)
56.8
(13.8)
55.7
(13.2)
48.1
(8.9)
37.4
(3)
29.5
(−1.4)
19.0
(−7.2)
35.1
(1.7)

Record low °F (°C)
−33
(−36)
−34
(−37)
−19
(−28)
5
(−15)
19
(−7)
28
(−2)
35
(2)
29
(−2)
21
(−6)
12
(−11)
−12
(−24)
−30
(−34)
−34
(−37)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
2.94
(74.7)
2.60
(66)
3.30
(83.8)
3.65
(92.7)
3.88
(98.6)
4.46
(113.3)
4.28
(108.7)
4.13
(104.9)
3.90
(99.1)
4.14
(105.2)
3.33
(84.6)
3.03
(77)
43.65
(1,108.7)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
22.9
(58.2)
19.2
(48.8)
15.2
(38.6)
4.0
(10.2)
.1
(0.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
.5
(1.3)
5.8
(14.7)
17.5
(44.5)
85.2
(216.4)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
14.0
11.4
12.5
12.6
13.2
12.9
10.9
11.0
11.1
13.0
12.9
13.9
149.4

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
11.9
10.0
7.0
2.2
.2
0
0
0
0
.4
4.1
9.6
45.4

Source: NOAA [7]

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Historical population

Census
Pop.

%±

1860
1,597

—

1880
2,199

—

1890
2,657

20.8%

1900
2,368

−10.9%

1910
2,484

4.9%

1920
2,725

9.7%

1930
2,909

6.8%

1940
2,599

−10.7%

1950
2,727

4.9%

1960
2,553

−6.4%

1970
2,403

−5.9%

1980
2,342

−2.5%

1990
2,180

−6.9%

2000
2,032

−6.8%

2010
1,852

−8.9%

Est. 2016
1,770
[1]
−4.4%

U.S. Decennial Census[8]

text: As of the census[9] of 2000, there were 2,032 people, 906 households, and 479 families residing in the village. The population density was 1,317.5 people per square mile (509.5/km²). There were 1,070 housing units at an average density of 693.8 per square mile (268.3/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 96.21% White, 0.94% African American, 0.10% Native American, 1.62% Asian, 0.34% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.31% of the population.

text: There were 906 households out of which 23.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.9% were married couples living together, 8.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% were non-families. 41.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 19.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.05 and the average family size was 2.83.

text: In the village the population was spread out with 20.2% under the age of 18, 5.4% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 26.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 81.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 76.8 males.

text: The median income for a household in the village was $36,992, and the median income for a family was $50,250. Males had a median income of $39,625 versus $20,595 for females. The per capita income for the village was $26,799. About 5.0% of families and 10.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.5% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

text: Notable people[edit]

text: Notable historic year-round or summer residents of Cooperstown included:

text:
Erastus Flavel Beadle - pioneer in publishing pulp fiction, in particular creating the Dime novel
F Ambrose Clark - equine sportsman, philanthropist, art collector
Robert Sterling Clark - philanthropist, race horse owner, art collector
Stephen Carlton Clark - philanthropist, art collector
William Cooper (judge), founder and politician
James Fenimore Cooper, grew up here and lived here as an adult, novelist of the New York frontier
John A. Dix − Civil War general and political leader
Abner Doubleday − Civil War officer and supposed inventor of baseball
Kevin Guilfoile - Author of Cast of Shadows and The Thousand
Samuel F. B. Morse − inventor, painter
Samuel Nelson − Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
Thurlow Weed − political boss

tag: ul

text: Cooperstown writers[edit]

text: Aside from James Fenimore Cooper, noted Cooperstown authors include his daughter Susan Fenimore Cooper, the author of Rural Hours, and his great-great-grandson Paul Fenimore Cooper, author of Tal: His Marvelous Adventures with Noom-Zor-Noom (1929, 1957, 2001).

text: Other writers include the prolific poet W. W. Lord, who captured Cooperstown in many of his poems, as well as modern author Lauren Groff, who has written extensively about her hometown, notably in The Monsters of Templeton., a story that brings several Cooperstown legends to life.

text: The work of Cooperstown-based novelist and poet Marly Youmans has referred to the area, notably in her epic poem Thaliad (2012), in which a group of child survivors of an apocalypse travel north and make their new home in an abandoned village on the shore of Glimmerglass Lake.[10]'[11][12]

text: The Clark family[edit]

text: The Clark family, whose fortune originated with a half-ownership of the patent for Singer Sewing Machine, have lived in Cooperstown since the mid-19th century. The family's holdings include interests assembled over a century and a half, which are now held through trusts and foundations. Their dominance is reflected in Clark ownership of more than 10,000 acres (40 km2) of largely undeveloped land in and around greater Cooperstown.

text: In the village, the Otesaga, the Cooper Inn, Clark Estates, and the Clara Welch Thanksgiving Home are all Clark properties. In addition, the Clarks were founding partners of, and retain an interest in, the Baseball Hall of Fame and the Mary Imogene Bassett Hospital.

text: Cooperstown still receives support from the Clark Foundation, which has donated to a variety of causes including various scholarships, non-profit organizations, and village services. The family has also donated land for the Cooperstown Central School District's new high school location − formerly horse stables − as well as for parks such as Fairy Springs and Council Rock, and recently, for a new Little League baseball field.

text: Jane Forbes Clark II,[13] the primary family heir today, has continued this commitment. She has purchased strategic land to ensure the preservation of village entry points, as well as overseeing the expansion of the various Clark holdings.

text: In late November 2013, Clark discussed her family's continued support for the community during a meeting of The Women’s Club of Cooperstown.[14] The Clark Foundation supports a variety of Cooperstown and Otsego County organizations and causes with donations of $7.5 million to charitable organizations every year. The family's Scriven Foundation, formed in 1975, donates only to Otsego County nonprofit organizations, such as the Cooperstown Village Library. The Scriven Foundation donates $1.5 million every year. According to Clark's presentation, the family's businesses employ 4,198 people, with 3,100 of those positions being full-time jobs.[14]

text: Schools[edit]

text: The Cooperstown Central School District has two buildings located in the town. The Elementary School is located at 21 Walnut Street. It was built in the 1950s, and was designed with a bomb shelter in the basement. The Junior/Senior High School was built in 1970 at 39 Linden Avenue, on land donated by the Clark family. The school district offices are located in the high school building.[15]

text: Cooperstown today[edit]

text: Cooperstown is best known as the home of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, which was founded in 1939 by Stephen Carlton Clark. According to an interview conducted in 1906 by the Mills Commission, nearby resident Abner Graves attributed the game's invention to his deceased friend, Abner Doubleday. Graves stated that Doubleday invented baseball on a cow pasture within the village in 1839, the present site of Doubleday Field, but this claim is universally discounted by baseball historians.

text: Even so, as the site of the Hall of Fame, Cooperstown retains a close connection with the baseball world, and "Cooperstown" had become synonymous with the Hall. Several nationally recognized tournaments are held in the area. Cooperstown Dreams Park in nearby Hartwick Seminary hosts 104 level U12 teams for weekly tournaments in the summer. Several professionals, including David Price and Matt Garza, have attended CDP. In 2010, Cooperstown got an official baseball team of its own, the Cooperstown Hawkeyes, a collegiate league team who play against many other teams from the northeast during the summer, with home games played at historic Doubleday Field.[16]

text: Other attractions include the Farmers' Museum, the Fenimore Art Museum, The New York State Historical Association's (NYSHA) library, Brewery Ommegang, and the Clark Sports Center, a large fitness facility, where the annual Hall of Fame Induction is held.

text: Once known as the "Village of Museums", until the 1970s Cooperstown also boasted the Indian Museum (adjacent to Lakefront Park), The Carriage and Harness Museum (displaying a world-class collection primarily from F. Ambrose Clark's estate; now the Bassett Hospital offices on Elk Street), and The Woodland Museum near Three Mile Point. The latter, opened in 1962 by heirs to the Anheuser-Busch company, folded in 1974. It ran a close third in annual attendance to the Hall of Fame and Farmers' Museum.

text: The internationally noted Glimmerglass Opera is closely associated with Cooperstown. Founded in 1975, the company originally performed in the Cooperstown High School auditorium. In 1987, the company relocated to farmland donated by Tom Goodyear of the Cary Mede Estate 8 miles (13 km) north of the village, where the Alice Busch Opera Theater was built, the first new opera-specific hall in the United States built since 1966. It has a popular summer season with a reputation for producing high quality opera and commissioning new works.

text: The Cooperstown Historic District, Glimmerglass Historic District, Middlefield District No. 1 School, Otsego County Courthouse, and United States Post Office are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[17]

text: Business district[edit]

text: Superficially, the downtown commercial district looks not unlike it did in the 1970s. It has undergone significant change since the late 20th century.

text: Through the 1970s, Main Street was still home to at least five grocery stores, including an A&P. Western Auto had a branch on Main Street and J.J. Newberry's had a two-story five-and-dime with a food counter. Smalley's, a stage theater converted into a movie theater, had a single screen across from a Farm & Home store. With its post office, library, and the Baseball Hall of Fame, Main Street resembled a true village square.

text: Today, the village has fewer traditional services for year-round and seasonal residents. Once boasting half a dozen gas stations, the village now has two. Traditional grocers have been reduced to one, and in 1977 Great American was built on the outskirts of town, replacing the town's bowling alley. In 2010 it was converted to a Price Chopper. Hardware stores such as Western Auto, McGown's and Farm & Home have been displaced by an Ace Hardware just outside the village. Newberry's has become a single-floor general store with the basement stairs boarded up. Sherry's Famous Restaurant closed in the late 1990s after more than half a century of business. Most Main Street shops now cater to the tourist trade and feature gifts and souvenirs.

text: The Cooperstown Chamber of Commerce, established in 1917, looks to develop business and trade in the Cooperstown region. Serving also as a visitor center in its main office, the Chamber also manages a seasonal kiosk on the corner of Main and Pioneer St for tourists.

text: Cooperstown was formerly served by the Cooperstown Municipal Airport, which was a two-runway facility fewer than two miles to the northwest of town center. That field closed in the 1960s. The village is now served by a small grass field in nearby Westville and a one-runway facility in Oneonta, NY.

text: Architecture[edit]

text: There are, and were, significant residential, commercial and religious structures in Cooperstown. Original residences related to the founding Cooper family, such as Edgewater and Heathcote, are still standing. Otsego Hall, James Fenimore Cooper's residence which once stood in what is now Cooper Park, has been lost, along with his chalet. Byberry, the cottage built for his daughter, remains on River Street, albeit in altered form.

text: "Fynmere", a grand stone manor from the early 20th century, erected by Cooper heirs on the eastern edge of town, was designed by noted architect Charles A. Platt. Later donated to the Presbyterian Church as a retirement home, the property was razed in 1979. Both its grounds and those of neighboring property Heathcote (extant today), built for Katherine Guy Cooper (1895–1988), daughter-in-law of James Fenimore Cooper III, were laid out by noted landscape architect Ellen Biddle Shipman.

text: Residences, business, and properties related to the Clark family abound within the village. From the original family seat of "Fernleigh" to the 1928 Georgian manor of "West Hill", the properties are exceptionally well cared for. Fernleigh is a Second Empire stone mansion designed by New Jersey architect James Van Dyke and built in 1869. The original garden at Fernleigh, located to the south of the mansion, included a servants' house and Turkish bath; both details have since been lost. In 1923, Stephen C. Clark, Sr. commissioned Marcus T. Reynolds and Bryant Fleming, a landscape design professor at Cornell University, to design new gardens for Fernleigh.[18]

text: The manor home of Robert Sterling Clark, Red Creek Farm, remains on the outskirts of the Village. His brother F. Ambrose Clark's "Iroquois Farm" manor house was razed in the early 1980s. Also razed in 1979 was the Mohican Farms manor house, owned by the Clark Estates, in Springfield Center, New York. It was formerly the summer home of the Spaulding sporting good family from Buffalo.

text: Edward Severin Clark built a farm complex at Fenimore Farm in 1918, which has been adapted as the Farmers Museum. His stone manor, built in 1931, was bequeathed to the New York State Historical Association and today serves as the Fenimore Art Museum.

text: Other structures, such as the Baseball Hall of Fame, Otesaga Hotel, Clark Estate Office, Kingfisher Tower, which lies on the east side of Lake Otsego, Bassett Hospital, and The Clara Welch Thanksgiving Home, exemplify Cooperstown's architectural wealth.

text: The Bowers family "Lakelands" manor, neighboring "Mohican Lodge", and their former estate of "Willowbrook" (1818; presently the Cooper Inn) serve as further examples of grand homes erected by affluent residents. The Bowers family received the land patent extending from current-day Bowerstown to very near Cherry Valley, New York, upon which Congressman John Myer Bowers built Lakelands in 1804. Woodside Hall, on the eastern edge of the village proper, was built c. 1829 by Eben B. Morehouse and was subsequently owned by several prominent individuals, including, in 1895, financier Walter C. Stokes of New York City. Prior to the Stokes' ownership, the home was visited by Martin Van Buren, the eighth President of the United States.

text: The village offices and Cooperstown Art Association are housed in a neo-classical building designed by Ernest Flagg. He is famed for Manhattan's 47-story Singer Building and the Boldt Castle on the St. Lawrence River. The Cooperstown building was originally commissioned by Elizabeth Scriven Clark in 1898 as a YMCA. Her son Robert Sterling Clark gave it to the village in 1932 during the Great Depression.

text: Several prominent buildings in town were designed or updated by noted architect Frank P. Whiting, who originally worked under Ernest Flagg. A resident of New York City and Cooperstown, Whiting was also a noted artist. He designed the Farmers Museum farm buildings[19] and the shingle-style manor at "Leatherstocking Falls Farm", the residence of Dorothy Stokes Bostwick Smith Campbell, the landscaping for which was done by the all-female firm of Wodell & Cottrell in the 1930s.[20] Whiting also designed 56 Lake Street. In 1932 Whiting designed and built his residence, "Westerly", on a half acre lot at the north end of Nelson Avenue. The home is in the Colonial style and today retains many interior and exterior features of the original home. In June 1923 Whiting wrote a featured monograph "Cooperstown in The Times of Our Forefathers" for volume IX of the White Pine Series of Architectural Monographs containing several sketches and measured drawings of homes in Cooperstown.

text: In 1916, financier William T. Hyde acquired "Glimmerglen", a lakeside property north of Fenimore Farm, from the Constable family.[21] The house burned to the ground shortly thereafter and was rebuilt by society architect Alfred Hopkins, who also designed a new farm complex, gate house, and assorted dependencies. The estate was featured in a multipage advertisement in Country Life magazine in late 1922 when the property was put up for sale. The manor and greenhouses were razed in the late 1960s after their acquisition by the Clark family. The stone gatehouse, featured in the Architectural Record is extant today and owned by the Clark Foundation, as is the boathouse and the distinctive cottage known as "Winter House".


document_title: Transactional analysis

question_text: in ta the ego state that functions more like a computer is the

text: Transactional analysis

text: History[edit]

text: Eric Berne presented transactional analysis to the world as a phenomenological approach supplementing Freud's philosophical construct with observable data. His theory built on the science of Wilder Penfield and René Spitz along with the neo-psychoanalytic thought of people such as Paul Federn, Edoardo Weiss, and Erik Erikson. By moving to an interpersonal motivational theory, he placed it both in opposition to the psychoanalytic traditions of his day and within what would become the psychoanalytic traditions of the future.[citation needed] From Berne, transactional analysts have inherited a determination to create an accessible and user-friendly system, an understanding of script or life-plan, ego states, transactions, and a theory of groups.

text: Berne's theory was based on the ideas of Freud but was distinctly different. Freudian psychotherapists focused on patient's personalities. Berne believed that insight could be better discovered by analyzing patients' social transactions.[2] Berne mapped interpersonal relationships to three ego-states of the individuals involved: the Parent, Adult, and Child state. He then investigated communications between individuals based on the current state of each. He called these interpersonal interactions transactions and used the label games to refer to certain patterns of transactions which popped up repeatedly in everyday life.

text: The origins of transactional analysis can be traced to the first five of Berne's six articles on intuition, which he began writing in 1949. Even at this early juncture and while still working to become a psychoanalyst, his writings challenged Freudian concepts of the unconscious.[3]

text: In 1956, after 15 years of psychoanalytic training, Berne was refused admission to the San Francisco Psychoanalytic Institute as a fully-fledged psychoanalyst. He interpreted the request for several more years of training as a rejection and decided to walk away from psychoanalysis.[4] Before the end of the year, he had written two seminal papers, both published in 1957.

text:
In the first article, Intuition V: The Ego Image, Berne referenced P. Federn, E. Kahn, and H. Silberer, and indicated how he arrived at the concept of ego states, including his idea of separating "adult" from "child".
The second paper, Ego States in Psychotherapy, was based on material presented earlier that year at the Psychiatric Clinic, Mt. Zion Hospital, San Francisco, and at the Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Clinic, U.C. Medical School. In that second article, he developed the tripartite scheme used today (Parent, Adult, and Child), introduced the three-circle method of diagramming it, showed how to sketch contaminations, labeled the theory, "structural analysis", and termed it "a new psychotherapeutic approach".

tag: ol

text: A few months later, he wrote a third article, titled "Transactional Analysis: A New and Effective Method of Group Therapy", which was presented by invitation at the 1957 Western Regional Meeting of the American Group Psychotherapy Association of Los Angeles. With the publication of this paper in the 1958 issue of the American Journal of Psychotherapy, Berne's new method of diagnosis and treatment, transactional analysis, became a permanent part of the psychotherapeutic literature. In addition to restating his concepts of ego states and structural analysis, the 1958 paper added the important new features of transactional analysis proper (i.e. the analysis of transactions), games, and scripts.[3]

text: His seminar group from the 1950s developed the term transactional analysis (TA) to describe therapies based on his work. By 1964, this expanded into the International Transactional Analysis Association. While still largely ignored by the psychoanalytic community, many therapists have put his ideas in practice.

text: In the early 1960s, he published both technical and popular accounts of his conclusions. His first full-length book on TA was published in 1961, titled Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy.[5] Structures and Dynamics of Organizations and Groups (1963) examined the same analysis in a broader context than one-on-one interaction.

text: Overview[edit]

text: TA is not only post-Freudian, but, according to its founder's wishes, consciously extra-Freudian. That is to say that, while it has its roots in psychoanalysis, since Berne was a psychoanalytically-trained psychiatrist, it was designed as a dissenting branch of psychoanalysis in that it put its emphasis on transactional rather than "psycho-" analysis.

text: With its focus on transactions, TA shifted the attention from internal psychological dynamics to the dynamics contained in people's interactions. Rather than believing that increasing awareness of the contents of unconsciously held ideas was the therapeutic path, TA concentrated on the content of people's interactions with each other. Changing these interactions was TA's path to solving emotional problems.

text: TA also differs from Freudian analysis in explaining that an individual's final emotional state is the result of inner dialogue between different parts of the psyche, as opposed to the Freudian hypothesis that imagery is the overriding determinant of inner emotional state. (For example, depression may be due to ongoing critical verbal messages from the inner Parent to the inner Child.) Berne believed that it is relatively easy to identify these inner dialogues and that the ability to do so is parentally suppressed in early childhood.[6]

text: In addition, Berne believed in making a commitment to "curing" his patients rather than just understanding them. To that end he introduced one of the most important aspects of TA: the contract—an agreement entered into by both client and therapist to pursue specific changes that the client desires.

text: Revising Freud's concept of the human psyche as composed of the id, ego, and super-ego, Berne postulated in addition three "ego states"—the Parent, Adult, and Child states—which were largely shaped through childhood experiences. These three are all part of Freud's ego; none represent the id or the superego.

text: Unhealthy childhood experiences can lead to these being pathologically fixated in the Child and Parent ego states, bringing discomfort to an individual and/or others in a variety of forms, including many types of mental illness.

text: Berne considered how individuals interact with one another, and how the ego states affect each set of transactions. Unproductive or counterproductive transactions were considered to be signs of ego state problems. Analyzing these transactions according to the person's individual developmental history would enable the person to "get better". Berne thought that virtually everyone has something problematic about their ego states and that negative behaviour would not be addressed by "treating" only the problematic individual.

text: Berne identified a typology of common counterproductive social interactions, identifying these as "games".

text: Berne presented his theories in two popular books on transactional analysis: Games People Play (1964) and What Do You Say After You Say Hello? (1975). I'm OK, You're OK (1969), written by Berne's long-time friend Thomas Anthony Harris, is probably the most popular TA book.

text: By the 1970s, because of TA's non-technical and non-threatening jargon and model of the human psyche, many of its terms and concepts were adopted by eclectic therapists as part of their individual approaches to psychotherapy. It also served well as a therapy model for groups of patients, or marital/family counselees, where interpersonal (rather than intrapersonal) disturbances were the focus of treatment.

text: TA's popularity in the U.S. waned in the 1970s. The more dedicated TA purists banded together in 1964 with Berne to form a research and professional accrediting body, the International Transactional Analysis Association, or ITAA.

text: Fifty years later[edit]

text: Within the framework of transactional analysis, more recent transactional analysts have developed different and overlapping theories of transactional analysis: cognitive, behavioural, relational, redecision, integrative, constructivist, narrative, body-work, positive psychological, personality adaptational, self-reparenting, psychodynamic and neuroconstructivist.[citation needed]

text: Some transactional analysts highlight the many things they have in common with cognitive behavioral therapy: the use of contracts with clear goals, the attention to cognitive distortions (called "adult decontamination" or "child deconfusion"), the focus on the client's conscious attitudes and behaviours and the use of "strokes".[citation needed]

text: Cognitive-based transactional analysts use ego state identification to identify communication distortions and teach different functional options in the dynamics of communication. Some make additional contracts for more profound work involving life plans or scripts or with unconscious processes, including those which manifest in the client-therapist relationship as transference and countertransference, and define themselves as psychodynamic or relational transactional analysts. Some highlight the study and promotion of subjective well-being and optimal human functioning rather than pathology and so identify with positive psychology.[citation needed] Some are increasingly influenced by current research in attachment, mother-infant interaction and by the implications of interpersonal neurobiology and non-linear dynamic systems.

text: Outline[edit]

text: Transactional analysis integrates the theories of psychology and psychotherapy because it has elements of psychoanalytic, humanist and cognitive ideas.

text: According to the International Transactional Analysis Association,[7] TA 'is a theory of personality and a systematic psychotherapy for personal growth and personal change'.

text:
As a theory of personality, TA describes how people are structured psychologically. It uses what is perhaps its best known model, the ego-state (Parent-Adult-Child) model, to do this. The same model helps explain how people function and express their personality in their behaviour[7]
As Berne set his Psychology up, there are four life positions that a person can hold, and holding a particular psychological position has profound implications for how an individual operationalizes his or her life. The positions are stated as:

I'm OK and you are OK. This is the healthiest position about life and it means that I feel good about myself and that I feel good about others and their competence.
I'm OK and you are not OK. In this position I feel good about myself but I see others as damaged or less than and it is usually not healthy.
I'm not OK and you are OK. In this position the person sees him/herself as the weak partner in relationships as the others in life are definitely better than the self. The person who holds this position will unconsciously accept abuse as OK.
I'm not OK and you are not OK. This is the worst position to be in as it means that I believe that I am in a terrible state and the rest of the world is as bad. Consequently, there is no hope for any ultimate supports.[8]

It is a theory of communication that can be extended to the analysis of systems and organisations.[7]
It offers a theory for child development by explaining how our adult patterns of life originated in childhood.[7] This explanation is based on the idea of a "Life (or Childhood) Script": the assumption that we continue to re-play childhood strategies, even when this results in pain or defeat. Thus it claims to offer a theory of psychopathology.[7]
In practical application, it can be used in the diagnosis and treatment of many types of psychological disorders and provides a method of therapy for individuals, couples, families and groups.
Outside the therapeutic field, it has been used in education to help teachers remain in clear communication at an appropriate level, in counselling and consultancy, in management and communications training and by other bodies.[7]

text: Philosophy

text:
People are OK; thus each person has validity, importance, equality of respect.[9]
Positive reinforcement increases feelings of being OK.[10]
All people have a basic lovable core and a desire for positive growth.[10]
Everyone (with only few exceptions, such as the severely brain-damaged) has the capacity to think.[9]
All of the many facets of an individual have a positive value for them in some way.[10]
People decide their story and destiny, therefore these decisions can be changed.[9]
All emotional difficulties are curable.[10]

text: Freedom from historical maladaptations embedded in the childhood script is required in order to become free of inappropriate, inauthentic and displaced emotions which are not a fair and honest reflection of here-and-now life (such as echoes of childhood suffering, pity-me and other mind games, compulsive behaviour and repetitive dysfunctional life patterns). The aim of change under TA is to move toward autonomy (freedom from childhood script), spontaneity, intimacy, problem solving as opposed to avoidance or passivity, cure as an ideal rather than merely making progress and learning new choices.

text: The ego-state (or Parent–Adult–Child (PAC)) models[edit]

text: Many of the core TA models and concepts can be categorised into

text:
Structural analysis – analysis of the individual psyche
Transactional analysis proper – analysis of interpersonal transactions based on structural analysis of the individuals involved in the transaction
Game analysis – repeating sequences of transactions that lead to a result subconsciously agreed to by the parties involved in the game
Script analysis – a life plan that may involve long-term involvement in particular games in order to reach the life pay-off of the individual

text: At any given time, a person experiences and manifests his or her personality through a mixture of behaviours, thoughts, and feelings. Typically, according to TA, there are three ego-states that people consistently use:

text:
Parent ("exteropsyche"): a state in which people behave, feel, and think in response to an unconscious mimicking of how their parents (or other parental figures) acted, or how they interpreted their parent's actions. For example, a person may shout at someone out of frustration because they learned from an influential figure in childhood the lesson that this seemed to be a way of relating that worked.
Adult ("neopsyche"): a state of the ego which is most like an artificially intelligent system processing information and making predictions about major emotions that could affect its operation. Learning to strengthen the Adult is a goal of TA. While a person is in the Adult ego state, he/she is directed towards an objective appraisal of reality.
Child ("archaeopsyche"): a state in which people behave, feel, and think similarly to how they did in childhood. For example, a person who receives a poor evaluation at work may respond by looking at the floor and crying or pouting, as when scolded as a child. Conversely, a person who receives a good evaluation may respond with a broad smile and a joyful gesture of thanks. The Child is the source of emotions, creation, recreation, spontaneity, and intimacy.

text: Berne differentiated his Parent, Adult, and Child ego states from actual adults, parents, and children, by using capital letters when describing them. These ego states may or may not represent the relationships that they act out. For example, in the workplace, an adult supervisor may take on the Parent role, and scold an adult employee as though he were a Child. Or a child, using the Parent ego-state, could scold her actual parent as though the parent were a Child.

text: Within each of these ego states are subdivisions. Thus Parental figures are often either more nurturing (permission-giving, security-giving) or more criticising (comparing to family traditions and ideals in generally negative ways); Childhood behaviours are either more natural (free) or more adapted to others. These subdivisions categorize individuals' patterns of behaviour, feelings, and ways of thinking, which can be functional (beneficial or positive) or dysfunctional/counterproductive (negative).

text: Berne states that there are four types of diagnosis of ego states. They are: "behavioural" diagnosis, "social" diagnosis, "historical" diagnosis, and "phenomenological" diagnosis. A complete diagnosis would include all four types. It has subsequently been demonstrated that there is a fifth type of diagnosis, namely "contextual", because the same behaviour will be diagnosed differently according to the context of the behaviour.[11]

text: Ego states do not correspond directly to Sigmund Freud's ego, superego, and id, although there are obvious parallels: Superego/Parent; Ego/Adult; Id/Child. Ego states are consistent for each person, and (argue TA practitioners) are more observable than the components of Freud's model. In other words, the ego state from which someone is communicating is evident in his or her behaviour, manner and expression.

text: Emotional blackmail[edit]

text: Emotional blackmail is a term coined by psychotherapist Susan Forward, about controlling people in relationships and the theory that fear, obligation, and guilt (FOG) are the transactional dynamics at play between the controller and the person being controlled. Understanding these dynamics are useful to anyone trying to extricate from the controlling behavior of another person, and deal with their own compulsions to do things that are uncomfortable, undesirable, burdensome, or self-sacrificing for others.[12]

text: Forward and Frazier identify four blackmail types each with their own mental manipulation style:[13]

text:
Type
Example

Punisher's threat
Eat the food I cooked for you or I'll hurt you.

Self-punisher's threat
Eat the food I cooked for you or I'll hurt myself.

Sufferer's threat
Eat the food I cooked for you. I was saving it for myself. I wonder what will happen now.

Tantalizer's threat
Eat the food I cooked for you and you just may get a really yummy dessert.

text: There are different levels of demands—demands that are of little consequence, demands that involve important issues or personal integrity, demands that affect major life decisions, and/or demands that are dangerous or illegal.[12]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Thomas Harris's successful popular work from the late 1960s, I'm OK, You're OK is largely based on transactional analysis. A fundamental divergence, however, between Harris and Berne is that Berne postulates that everyone starts life in the "I'm OK" position, whereas Harris believes that life starts out "I'm not OK, you're OK".[14]

text: New Age author James Redfield has acknowledged[15] Harris and Berne as important influences in his best-seller The Celestine Prophecy (1993). The protagonists in the novel survive by striving (and succeeding) in escaping from "control dramas" that resemble the games of TA.

text: The second episode of the third season in the 4th generation of the My Little Pony series is called "Games Ponies Play" as a homage to this work.[citation needed]

text: Singer/songwriter Warren Zevon mentions transactional analysis in his 1980 song "Gorilla, You're a Desperado" from the album Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School.

text: Singer-songwriter Joe South's 1968 song, "Games People Play", was based directly on transactional-analytic concepts and Berne's book of the same name.

text: TA makes an appearance in Antonio Campos' 2016 biographical drama Christine, a film covering the events that led TV journalist Christine Chubbuck to commit suicide on TV. She is brought to a transactional analysis therapy session by a colleague, where they introduce her to the "Yes, But..." technique.