document_title: List of Presidents of the Indian National Congress

question_text: who was the president of indian national congress meeting held in 1890

text: History[edit]

text: During 1885–1933, the presidency had a term of 1 year only. Traditionally, the post rotated between prominent members of the party, successive terms for the same person being frowned upon. During Jawaharlal Nehru's premiership, he rarely held the Presidency of INC, even though he was always head of the Legislative Party.

text: Indira Gandhi however, institutionalized the practice of having the same person as the Congress President and the Prime Minister after the first Congress split of 1969. Her son Rajiv Gandhi continued that practice.

text: Narasimha Rao too held both the Congress President and the Prime Minister's posts. Sitaram Kesri held the post after INC was voted out. But as the INC never returned to power under his leadership, he didn't hold the two posts together.

text: During 2000–09, INC did not host a conference for the first time in history. In 2004, when the INC was voted back into power, Manmohan Singh became the first Prime Minister, not to be the president of the party. Sonia Gandhi is the longest serving president of the Congress party, having held the office for nineteen years from 1998 to 2017.[1] Her son Rahul Gandhi is the current Congress President.

text: Presidents[edit]

text:
No.

Name of President

Picture

Life span

Year of Presidency

Place of Conference

1

W. C. Bonnerjee

29 December 1844 – 1906

1885

Bombay

2

Dadabhai Naoroji

4 September 1825 – 1917

1886

Calcutta

3

Badruddin Tyabji

10 October 1844 – 1906

1887

Madras

4

George Yule

1829–1892

1888

Allahabad

5

William Wedderburn

1838–1918

1889

Bombay

6

Pherozeshah Mehta

4 August 1845 – 1915

1890

Calcutta

7

Anandacharlu

August 1843 – 1908

1891

Nagpur

8

Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee

29 December 1844 – 1906

1892

Allahabad

9

Dadabhai Naoroji

4 September 1825 – 1917

1893

Lahore

10

Alfred Webb

1834–1908

1894

Madras

11

Surendranath Banerjee

10 November 1848 – 1925

1895

Poona

12

Rahimtulla M. Sayani

5 April 1847 – 1902

1896

Calcutta

13

C. Sankaran Nair

11 July 1857 – 1934

1897

Amravati

14

Anandamohan Bose

23 September 1847 – 1906

1898

Madras

15

Romesh Chunder Dutt

13 August 1848 – 1909

1899

Lucknow

16

N. G. Chandavarkar

2 December 1855 – 1923

1900

Lahore

17

Dinshaw Edulji Wacha

2 August 1844 – 1936

1901

Calcutta

18

Surendranath Banerjee

10 November 1825 – 1917

1902

Ahmedabad

19

Lalmohan Ghosh

1848–1909

1903

Madras

20

Henry Cotton

1845–1915

1904

Bombay

21

Gopal Krishna Gokhale

9 May 1866 – 1915

1905

Benares

22

Dadabhai Naoroji

4 September 1825 – 1917

1906

Calcutta

23

Rashbihari Ghosh

23 December 1845 – 1921

1907

Surat

24

Rashbihari Ghosh

23 December 1845 – 1921

1908

Madras

25

Madan Mohan Malaviya

25 December 1861 – 1946

1909

Lahore

26

William Wedderburn

1838–1918

1910

Allahabad

27

Bishan Narayan Dar

1864–1916

1911

Calcutta

28

Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar

1857–1921

1912

Bankipore

29

Nawab Syed Muhammad Bahadur

?–1919

1913

Karachi

30

Bhupendra Nath Bose

1859–1924

1914

Madras

31

Lord Satyendra Prasanna Sinha

March 1863 – 1928

1915

Bombay

32

Ambica Charan Mazumdar

1850–1922

1916

Lucknow

33

Annie Besant

1 October 1847 – 1933

1917

Calcutta

34

Madan Mohan Malaviya

25 December 1861 – 1946

1918

Delhi

35

Syed Hasan Imam

31 August 1871 – 1933

1918

Bombay (Special Session)

36

Motilal Nehru

6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931

1919

Amritsar

37

Lala Lajpat Rai

28 January 1865 – 17 November 1928

1920

Calcutta (Special Session)

38

C. Vijayaraghavachariar

1852 – 19 April 1944

1920

Nagpur

39

Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das  (President)
Hakim Ajmal Khan (Acting President)

1863 – 29 December 1927

1921

Ahmedabad

40

Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das

5 November 1870 – 16 June 1925

1922

Gaya

41

Mohammad Ali Jouhar

10 December 1878 – 4 January 1931

1923

Kakinada

42

Abul Kalam Azad

1888 – 22 February 1958

1923

Delhi (Special Session)

43

Mohandas Gandhi

2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948

1924

Belgaum

44

Sarojini Naidu

13 February 1879 – 2 March 1949

1925

Kanpur

45

S. Srinivasa Iyengar

September 11, 1874 – 19 May 1941

1926

Gauhati

46

Mukhtar Ahmed Ansari

25 December 1880 – 10 May 1936

1927

Madras

47

Motilal Nehru

6 May 1861 – 6 February 1931

1928

Calcutta

48

Jawaharlal Nehru

14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964

1929 & 30

Lahore

49

Vallabhbhai Patel

31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950

1931

Karachi

50

Madan Mohan Malaviya

25 December 1861 – 1946

1932

Delhi

51

Nellie Sengupta

1886–1973

1933

Calcutta

52

Rajendra Prasad

3 December 1884 – 28 February 1963

1934 & 35

Bombay

53

Jawaharlal Nehru

14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964

1936

Lucknow

54

Jawaharlal Nehru

14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964

1936

Faizpur

55

Subhas Chandra Bose

23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945

1938

Haripura

56

Subhas Chandra Bose (resigned) Rajendra Prasad replaced Bose after the session.

23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945

1939

Tripuri near Jabalpur

57

Abul Kalam Azad

1888 – 22 February 1958

1940–46

Ramgarh

58

J. B. Kripalani

1888 – 19 March 1982

1947

Meerut

59

Pattabhi Sitaraimayya

24 December 1880 – 17 December 1959

1948 & 49

Jaipur

60

Purushottam Das Tandon

1 August 1882 – 1 July 1961

1950

Nasik

61

Jawaharlal Nehru

14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964

1951 & 52

Delhi

62

Jawaharlal Nehru

14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964

1953

Hyderabad

63

Jawaharlal Nehru

14 November 1889 – 27 May 1964

1954

Calcutta

64

U. N. Dhebar

21 September 1905 – 1977

1955

Avadi

65

U. N. Dhebar

21 September 1905 – 1977

1956

Amritsar

66

U. N. Dhebar

21 September 1905 – 1977

1957

Indore

67

U. N. Dhebar

21 September 1905 – 1977

1958

Gauhati

68

U. N. Dhebar

21 September 1905 – 1977

1959

Nagpur

69

Indira Gandhi

19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984

1959

Delhi (Special Session)

70

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

19 May 1913 – 1 June 1996

1960

Bangalore

71

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

19 May 1913 – 1 June 1996

1961

Bhavnagar

72

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

19 May 1913 – 1 June 1996

1962 & 63

Patna

73

K. Kamaraj

15 July 1903 – 2 October 1975

1964

Bhubaneswar

74

K. Kamaraj

15 July 1903 – 2 October 1975

1965

Durgapur

75

K. Kamaraj

15 July 1903 – 2 October 1975

1966 & 67

Jaipur

76

S. Nijalingappa

10 December 1902 – 9 August 2000

1968

Hyderabad

77

S. Nijalingappa

10 December 1902 – 9 August 2000

1969

Faridabad

78

Jagjivan Ram

5 April 1908 – 6 July 1986

1970 & 71

Bombay

79

Shankar Dayal Sharma

19 August 1918 – 26 December 1999

1972–74

Calcutta

80

Devakanta Barua

22 February 1914 – 1996

1975–77

Chandigarh

81

Indira Gandhi

19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984

1978–83

Delhi

82

Indira Gandhi

19 November 1917 – 31 October 1984

1983 & 84

Calcutta

83

Rajiv Gandhi

20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991

1985–91

Bombay

84

P. V. Narasimha Rao

28 June 1921 – 23 December 2004

1992–96

Tirupati

85

Sitaram Kesri

November 1919 – 24 October 2000

1996–98

Calcutta

86

Sonia Gandhi

9 December 1946

1998–2017

Calcutta

87

Rahul Gandhi

19 June 1970

2017 -Present

Delhi


document_title: List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates

question_text: who won the nobel peace prize in 1981

question_tokens: who won the nobel peace prize in 1981

root

text: List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates

text: Laureates[edit]

text: As of 2016, the Peace Prize has been awarded to 104 individuals and 23 organizations. Sixteen women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than any other Nobel Prize.[2] Only two recipients have won multiple Prizes: the International Committee of the Red Cross has won three times (1917, 1944, and 1963) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has won twice (1954 and 1981).[3] There have been 19 years since its creation in which the Peace Prize was not awarded, more times than any other Nobel Prize.

tag: p

text: Lê Đức Thọ is the only person to ever refuse to accept a Nobel Peace Prize.[4] He was jointly awarded the 1973 award with Henry Kissinger but declined the prize on grounds that such "bourgeois sentimentalities" were not for him[93] and that the Paris Peace Accords were not being adhered to in full.

text:
Year
Laureate
Country
Rationale

1901

Henry Dunant
  Switzerland
For his role in founding the International Committee of the Red Cross[5][6]

Frédéric Passy
 France
"[For] being one of the main founders of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and also the main organizer of the first Universal Peace Congress"[5][6]

1902

Élie Ducommun
  Switzerland
"[For his role as] the first honorary secretary of the International Peace Bureau"[5][7]

Charles Albert Gobat
"[For his role as the] first Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[5][7]

1903

William Randal Cremer
 United Kingdom
"[For his role as] the 'first father' of the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[5][8]

1904

Institute of International Law
 Belgium
"[F]or its efforts as an unofficial body to formulate the general principles of the science of international law"[5][9]

1905

Bertha von Suttner
 Austria-Hungary
For writing Lay Down Your Arms and contributing to the creation of the Prize[5][10]

1906

Theodore Roosevelt
 United States
"[F]or his successful mediation to end the Russo-Japanese war and for his interest in arbitration, having provided the Hague arbitration court with its very first case"[5][11]

1907

Ernesto Teodoro Moneta
 Italy
"[For his work as a] key leader of the Italian peace movement"[5][12]

Louis Renault
 France
"[For his work as a] leading French international jurist and a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague"[5][12]

1908

Klas Pontus Arnoldson
 Sweden
"[For his work as] founder of the Swedish Peace and Arbitration League"[5][13]

Fredrik Bajer
 Denmark
"[For being] the foremost peace advocate in Scandinavia, combining work in the Inter-Parliamentary Union with being the first president of the International Peace Bureau"[5][13]

1909

Auguste Beernaert
 Belgium
"[For being a] representative to the two Hague conferences, and a leading figure in the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[5][14]

Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant
 France
"[For] combined diplomatic work for Franco-German and Franco-British understanding with a distinguished career in international arbitration"[5][14]

1910

Permanent International Peace Bureau
  Switzerland
"[For acting] as a link between the peace societies of the various countries"[15][16]

1911

Tobias Asser
 Netherlands
"[For being a] member of the Court of Arbitration as well as the initiator of the Conferences on International Private Law"[5][17]

Alfred Fried
 Austria-Hungary
"[For his work as] founder of the German Peace Society"[5][17]

1912

Elihu Root[A]
 United States
"[F]or his strong interest in international arbitration and for his plan for a world court"[5][18]

1913

Henri La Fontaine
 Belgium
"[For his work as] head of the International Peace Bureau"[5][19]

1914
Not awarded due to World War I.

1915

1916

1917

International Committee of the Red Cross
  Switzerland
"[For undertaking] the tremendous task of trying to protect the rights of the many prisoners of war on all sides [of World War I], including their right to establish contacts with their families"[5][20]

1918
Not awarded due to World War I.

1919

Woodrow Wilson
 United States
"[F]or his crucial role in establishing the League of Nations"[5][21]

1920

Léon Bourgeois
 France
"[For his participation] in both the Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907" and for his work towards "what became the League to such an extent that he was frequently called its 'spiritual father'"[5][22]

1921

Hjalmar Branting
 Sweden
"[F]or his work in the League of Nations"[5][23]

Christian Lange
 Norway
"[For his work as] the first secretary of the Norwegian Nobel Committee" and "the secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[5][23]

1922

Fridtjof Nansen
"[For] his work in aiding the millions in Russia struggling against famine" and "his work for the refugees in Asia Minor and Thrace"[24][25]

1923
Not awarded

1924

1925

Sir Austen Chamberlain[A]
 United Kingdom
For work on the Locarno Treaties[5][26]

Charles G. Dawes[A]
 United States
"[F]or [work on] the Dawes Plan for German reparations which was seen as having provided the economic underpinning of the Locarno Pact of 1925"[5][26]

1926

Aristide Briand
 France
For work on the Locarno Treaties[5][27]

Gustav Stresemann
 Germany

1927

Ferdinand Buisson
 France
"[For] contributions to Franco-German popular reconciliation"[5][28]

Ludwig Quidde
 Germany

1928
Not awarded

1929

Frank B. Kellogg[A]
 United States
"[F]or the Kellogg-Briand pact, whose signatories agreed to settle all conflicts by peaceful means and renounced war as an instrument of national policy"[5][29]

1930

Nathan Söderblom
 Sweden
"[F]or his efforts to involve the churches not only in work for ecumenical unity, but also for world peace"[5][30]

1931

Jane Addams
 United States
"[F]or her social reform work" and "leading the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom"[5][31]

Nicholas Murray Butler
"[For his promotion] of the Briand-Kellogg pact" and for his work as the "leader of the more establishment-oriented part of the American peace movement"[5][31]

1932
Not awarded

1933

Sir Norman Angell[A]
 United Kingdom
For authoring The Great Illusion and for being a "supporter of the League of Nations as well as an influential publicist [and] educator for peace in general"[32]

1934

Arthur Henderson
"[F]or his work for the League, particularly its efforts in disarmament"[5][33][34]

1935

Carl von Ossietzky[B]
 Germany
"[For his] struggle against Germany's rearmament"[5][35]

1936

Carlos Saavedra Lamas
 Argentina
"[F]or his mediation of an end to the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia"[5][36]

1937

The Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
 United Kingdom
For his work with the League of Nations[5][37]

1938

Nansen International Office for Refugees
 League of Nations
For its work in aiding refugees[38]

1939
Not awarded due to World War II.

1940

1941

1942

1943

1944

International Committee of the Red Cross
  Switzerland
"[F]or the great work it has performed during the war in behalf of humanity"[39]

1945

Cordell Hull
 United States
"[For] his fight against isolationism at home, his efforts to create a peace bloc of states on the American continents, and his work for the United Nations Organization"[40]

1946

Emily Greene Balch
"Formerly Professor of History and Sociology; Honorary International President, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom"[41]

John Raleigh Mott
"Chairman, International Missionary Council; President, World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations"[41]

1947

Friends Service Council
 United Kingdom
"compassion for others and the desire to help them"[42]

American Friends Service Committee
 United States

1948
Not awarded because "there was no suitable living candidate." (A tribute to the recently assassinated Gandhi in India, since the prize cannot be awarded posthumously.)[43]

1949

The Lord Boyd-Orr
 United Kingdom
"Physician; Alimentary Politician; Prominent organizer and Director, General Food and Agricultural Organization; President, National Peace Council and World Union of Peace Organizations"[44]

1950

Ralph Bunche
 United States
"Professor, Harvard University Cambridge, MA; Director, division of Trusteeship, U.N.; Acting Mediator in Palestine, 1948"[45]

1951

Léon Jouhaux
 France
"President of the International Committee of the European Council, vice president of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, vice president of the World Federation of Trade Unions, member of the ILO Council, delegate to the United Nations"[46]

1952

Albert Schweitzer
"Missionary surgeon; Founder of Lambaréné (République de Gabon)"[47]

1953

George C. Marshall
 United States
"General President American Red Cross; Former Secretary of State and of Defense; Delegate U.N.; Originator of [the] 'Marshall Plan'"[48]

1954

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
 United Nations
"An international relief organization founded by the U.N. in 1951"[49]

1955
Not awarded

1956

1957

Lester Bowles Pearson
 Canada
"former Secretary of State for External Affairs of Canada; former President of the 7th Session of the United Nations General Assembly";[50] "for his role in trying to end the Suez conflict and to solve the Middle East question through the United Nations."[5]

1958

Dominique Pire
 Belgium
"Father in the Dominican Order; Leader of the relief organization for refugees "L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde""[51]

1959

Philip Noel-Baker
 United Kingdom
"Member of Parliament; lifelong ardent worker for international peace and co-operation"[52]

1960

Albert Lutuli
 South Africa
(Born in Southern Rhodesia)
"President of the African National Congress,"[53] "was in the very forefront of the struggle against apartheid in South Africa."[5]

1961

Dag Hammarskjöld[C]
 Sweden
"Secretary General of the U.N.,"[54] awarded "for strengthening the organization."[5]

1962

Linus Pauling
 United States
"for his campaign against nuclear weapons testing"[55]

1963

International Committee of the Red Cross
  Switzerland
For their work in the protection of human rights in the ICRC's 100 years of existence.[56]

League of Red Cross Societies

1964

Martin Luther King, Jr.
 United States
Campaigner for civil rights, "first person in the Western world to have shown us that a struggle can be waged without violence." King spent his time working in various areas of the civil rights movement; from equal education to economic disenfranchisement of minorities. King also organized the March on Washington, where he gave his famous “I Have a Dream Speech”.[57]

1965

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
 United Nations
"An international aid organization." [58]

1966
Not awarded

1967

1968

René Cassin
 France
"President of the European Court for Human Rights"[59]

1969

International Labour Organization
 United Nations
[60]

1970

Norman E. Borlaug
 United States
"International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center;"[61] "for his contributions to the "green revolution" that was having such an impact on food production particularly in Asia and in Latin America."[5]

1971

Willy Brandt
 West Germany
"Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany; for West Germany's Ostpolitik"[62]

1972
Not awarded

1973

Henry Kissinger
 United States
(Born in  Germany)
"For the 1973 Paris agreement intended to bring about a cease-fire in the Vietnam war and a withdrawal of the American forces"[5][63]

Lê Đức Thọ[D]
 Vietnam (North)

1974

Seán MacBride
 Ireland
(Born in  France)
"President of the International Peace Bureau; President of the Commission of Namibia."[64] "For his strong interest in human rights: piloting the European Convention on Human Rights through the Council of Europe, helping found and then lead Amnesty International and serving as secretary-general of the International Commission of Jurists"[5]

Eisaku Satō
 Japan
"Prime Minister of Japan,"[64] "for his renunciation of the nuclear option for Japan and his efforts to further regional reconciliation"[5]

1975

Andrei Sakharov[E]
 Soviet Union
"[for his] struggle for human rights, for disarmament, and for cooperation between all nations"[65]

1976

Betty Williams
 United Kingdom
"Founder[s] of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement (later renamed Community of Peace People)"[66]

Mairead Corrigan

1977

Amnesty International
"[for] protecting the human rights of prisoners of conscience"[5][67]

1978

Mohamed Anwar Al-Sadat
 Egypt
"for the Camp David Agreement, which brought about a negotiated peace between Egypt and Israel"[68]

Menachem Begin
 Israel
 Poland
(Born in  Russia)

1979

Mother Teresa
 India
(Born in Skopje, now  Republic of Macedonia)
"Founder of Missionaries of Charity"[69]

1980

Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
 Argentina
"Human rights leader;"[70] "founded non-violent human rights organizations to fight the military junta that was ruling his country (Argentina)."[5]

1981

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
 United Nations
"An international relief organization founded by the U.N. in 1951"[71]

1982

Alva Myrdal
 Sweden
"[for] their magnificent work in the disarmament negotiations of the United Nations, where they have both played crucial roles and won international recognition"[72][73]

Alfonso García Robles
 Mexico

1983

Lech Wałęsa
 Poland
"Founder of Solidarność; campaigner for human rights"[74]

1984

Desmond Tutu
 South Africa
"Bishop of Johannesburg; former Secretary General, South African Council of Churches"[75]

1985

International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
 United States
For "authoritative information and by creating an awareness of the catastrophic consequences of atomic warfare. The committee believes that this in turn contributes to an increase in the pressure of public opposition to the proliferation of atomic weapons and to a redefining of priorities, with greater attention being paid to health and other humanitarian issues."[76]

1986

Elie Wiesel
 United States
(Born in  Romania)
"Chairman of "The President's Commission on the Holocaust""[77]

1987

Óscar Arias
 Costa Rica
"for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year"[78]

1988

United Nations Peace-Keeping Forces
 United Nations
"[for] their efforts [that] have made important contributions towards the realization of one of the fundamental tenets of the United Nations"[79][80]

1989

Tenzin Gyatso,
14th Dalai Lama
 India
(Born in  Tibet)[81]
"In his struggle for the liberation of Tibet [he] consistently has opposed the use of violence. He has instead advocated peaceful solutions based upon tolerance and mutual respect in order to preserve the historical and cultural heritage of his people."[82][83]

1990

Mikhail Gorbachev
 Soviet Union
General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and President of the Soviet Union, "for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community"[84]

1991

Aung San Suu Kyi[F]
 Burma
"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights"[85]

1992

Rigoberta Menchú
 Guatemala
"for her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples"[86]

1993

Nelson Mandela
 South Africa
"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa"[87]

Frederik Willem de Klerk

1994

Yasser Arafat
 Palestine
(Born in  Egypt)
"to honour a political act which called for great courage on both sides, and which has opened up opportunities for a new development towards fraternity in the Middle East."[88]

Yitzhak Rabin
 Israel

Shimon Peres
 Israel
(Born in  Poland)

1995

Joseph Rotblat
 United Kingdom
(Born in  Poland)
"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms"[89]

Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
 Canada

1996

Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo
 East Timor
"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."[90]

José Ramos-Horta

1997

International Campaign to Ban Landmines
  Switzerland
"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines"[91]

Jody Williams
 United States

1998

John Hume
 Ireland
"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland"[92]

David Trimble
 United Kingdom

1999

Médecins Sans Frontières
  Switzerland
"in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents"[93]

2000

Kim Dae-jung
 South Korea
"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular"[94]

2001

United Nations
 United Nations
"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world"[95]

Kofi Annan
 Ghana

2002

Jimmy Carter
 United States
"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"[96]

2003

Shirin Ebadi
 Iran
"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children."[97]

2004

Wangari Muta Maathai
 Kenya
"for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace"[98]

2005

International Atomic Energy Agency
 United Nations
"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way"[99]

Mohamed ElBaradei
 Egypt

2006

Muhammad Yunus
 Bangladesh
"for advancing economic and social opportunities for the poor, especially women, through their pioneering microcredit work"[100]

Grameen Bank

2007

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
 United Nations
"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"[101]

Al Gore
 United States

2008

Martti Ahtisaari
 Finland
"for his efforts on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"[102]

2009

Barack Obama
 United States
"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples."[103]

2010

Liu Xiaobo
 China
"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China"[104]

2011

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
 Liberia
"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work"[105]

Leymah Gbowee

Tawakkul Karman
 Yemen

2012

European Union
 European Union
"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe."[106]

2013

Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
International
"for its extensive efforts to eliminate chemical weapons."[107]

2014

Kailash Satyarthi
 India
"for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education"[108]

Malala Yousafzai
 Pakistan

2015

Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
 Tunisia
"for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011"[109]

2016

Juan Manuel Santos
 Colombia
"for his resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end, a war that has cost the lives of at least 220,000 Colombians and displaced close to six million people"[110]

tag: table


document_title: Krishna Nagar, Delhi

question_text: nearest metro station to krishna nagar east delhi

text: Krishna Nagar, Delhi

text: Krishna Nagar, Delhi is an urban ward situated in the East Delhi district of Delhi in the Trans-Yamuna area.[1][2] It is surrounded by Vishwas Nagar, Gandhi Nagar, Preet Vihar & Geeta Colony areas.[3]

text: The main areas under this Delhi Assembly constituency include the Ghondli Vill, Lal Quarter Market, Old Anarkali, Jagatpuri, Ram Nagar, Ram Nagar Extension, East Krishna Nagar, Krishna Nagar Blocks A through J, Arjun Nagar, Old Arjun Nagar,Kanti Nagar, Radhey Puri, Rashid Market, Chander Nagar, New Layal Pur and New Layal Pur Extn. and West Azad Nagar.

text: Metro Route[edit]

text: The nearest Delhi Metro station from Krishna Nagar is Welcome Metro Station on Red Line or Preet Vihar Metro Station on Blue Line. Krishna Nagar Metro Station is under construction and will be completed by December 2018.


document_title: Cheetah (Wild Adventures)

question_text: how fast is the cheetah at wild adventures

text: Cheetah (Wild Adventures)

text:
Cheetah
Cheetah (roller coaster)Wild AdventuresPark section
Main ParkCoordinates
30°43′11″N 83°19′32″W / 30.719592°N 83.325681°W / 30.719592; -83.325681Coordinates: 30°43′11″N 83°19′32″W / 30.719592°N 83.325681°W / 30.719592; -83.325681Status
OperatingOpening date
June 16, 2001Cost
US$4,500,000General statisticsType
WoodManufacturer
Custom Coasters InternationalModel
Steel frameTrack layout
Out and BackLift/launch system
Chain lift hillHeight
92 ft (28 m)Drop
90 ft (27 m)Length
2,680 ft (820 m)Speed
52 mph (84 km/h)Inversions
0Duration
1:04Capacity
1200 riders per hourHeight restriction
48 in (122 cm)Trains
2 trains with 6 cars. Riders are arranged 2 across in 2 rows for a total of 24 riders per train.
Cheetah at RCDBPictures of Cheetah at RCDB

text: Cheetah is a wooden roller coaster by Custom Coasters International, located in the African Pridelands Section of the Wild Adventures theme park, in Valdosta, Georgia.  The coaster was named after the Cheetah, the fastest land animal, because of its top speed reaching 65 mph when the coaster first opened, but after years of friction and track deformation the coaster was recorded in 2009 reaching a top speed of 52 miles per hour. It has a standard out and back layout with five bunny hops and a figure-eight ending. Built in 2001, Cheetah is the largest roller coaster at Wild Adventures. In Wild Adventures off season between 2009 and 2010, the Cheetah was given a $1.3 Million renovation by Martin & Vleminckx[1] replacing the track on the figure-eight and smoothing out the rest of the track.

text: Layout[edit]

text: Cheetah begins with a 95-foot (29 m)-tall drop to a small 20-foot (6.1 m) bunny hop, followed by a larger 55-foot (17 m) bunny hop. It continues with a 35-degree decline into a helix. Cheetah's return journey starts with a 62-foot (19 m) drop and two more 35-foot (11 m) bunny hops. These lead into right turn flat helix, ending with a figure eight.


document_title: List of The Tudors characters

question_text: who plays the queen of france in the tudors

text: List of The Tudors characters

text: Characters[edit]

text: The main cast are listed in credits order.

text:
Character name
Portrayed by
Historical basis
First appearance
Last appearance

 King Henry VIII
Jonathan Rhys Meyers (2007–2010)
Henry VIII of England
Episode 1.01
Episode 4.10

As the young and virile king of one of the most powerful nations in the world, King Henry VIII of England seems to have it all. However, he is troubled by religious unrest in his own kingdom, as well as by political struggles and changing allegiances with other countries. Weighing most on his mind is his failure thus far to produce a male heir with his Queen, Katherine of Aragon. She is a pious and dutiful Queen who is popular with the people, but the difficult pursuit of a divorce approved by the Pope attracts Henry when he meets, falls in love with, and later seduces Anne Boleyn. Determined that Anne will be his wife and will provide him with the legitimate son he so desperately craves, Henry separates himself from his wife and the Catholic faith causing friction with the pope and a clash of religious opinions. The series portrays Henry as having a major turning point in his marriage to Katherine after a near-death experience in the early 1520s, when he became obsessed with trying to produce a male heir.
Henry is presented as a spoiled and indulged ruler who after his marriage to Anne will not allow anyone to contradict him, having tasted an intoxicating sample of absolute power. So when he fails in his attempts to have a son with her, he is quick to lay the blame at Anne's door and then by chance meets Jane Seymour, a sweet, shy girl, and falls in love with her. Convinced that his future lies with Jane, Henry takes the chance to be rid of Anne when his longtime friend Charles Brandon tells him rumors suggest that she has been unfaithful. Anne is quickly brought to trial, found guilty and executed.
Although Henry's personal life improves with his marriage to Jane Seymour, who helps reunite him with his daughters, his position is threatened when Catholics in the north start to rebel against him. He crushes the rebellion and brutally punishes all those involved. Finally Henry's wish comes true when Jane gives him the one thing that his last two wives could not: a son. But his joy is short-lived when Jane falls sick and dies from childbed fever a few days later, leaving Henry in a deep state of depression.
He remains a widower for three years until Cromwell pushes him into a fourth marriage with the German Anne of Cleves. With promises of her beauty, he agrees to wed her but is disgusted by her when he finally meets her. Unable to escape the betrothal, he marries Anne but starts divorce proceedings soon after. He then notices the extremely young and seductive Katherine Howard and decides to marry her because she makes him feel young again. The marriage to Katherine Howard did not last. She was executed once her hidden past relations with Francis Dereham and her adulterous affair with Thomas Culpeper came to light. Henry later marries his sixth and final wife Catherine Parr, a wealthy widow closer to Henry's age. She was a loving wife and stepmother to all three of Henry's children and was made Queen Regent during Henry's absence at Boulogne. Bishop Gardiner and others suspected Catherine Parr of heresy and nearly had her arrested for it, but she was able to convince Henry of her devotion to him.
In 1536, while participating in a joust, Henry suffered a grievous leg wound that never healed properly and gave him pain the rest of his life. It also prevented him from being as active as he had been, and he became morbidly obese in the last years of his life. His increasing pain and approaching infirmity makes it doubtful the King can participate in the invasion of France in alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor. However, he rouses himself and leads the successful siege of Boulogne in 1544. In the fall of that year, he returns to England, where his health declines until his death in January 1547.

 Cardinal Wolsey
Sam Neill (2007)
Thomas Wolsey
Episode 1.01
Episode 1.10

Cardinal Thomas Wolsey of York is King Henry VIII's primary and most trusted adviser, but the Cardinal's personal power (and influence over the King) has aroused the ire of several noblemen in Henry's court, and even of Queen Katherine herself. He desperately tries to find a way for Henry to free himself of his marriage, but fails and his enemies pounce. He is subsequently arrested for treason against the King and commits suicide by slashing his neck during prayer. His name is mentioned again in the seventh episode of season two by Anne, alluding to his charitable work when she reprimands Cromwell for being greedy with assets taken from dissolved abbeys.

 Sir Anthony Knivet
Callum Blue (2007)
Thomas Knyvett
Episode 1.01
Episode 1.10

Longtime friend to King Henry VIII; still alive.

 Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk
Henry Cavill (2007–2010)
Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk
Episode 1.01
Episode 4.10

A longtime friend to King Henry VIII, Brandon briefly falls out of favour when he secretly married Henry's widowed sister, Princess Margaret, after her brief term as Queen of Portugal. Brandon's infidelity makes the marriage an unhappy one. He becomes an ally of the Duke of Norfolk and Thomas Boleyn, to bring about the downfall of Cardinal Wolsey and to ensure his own return to court. After the removal of Cardinal Wolsey as Lord Chancellor, Brandon is appointed to the presidency of the Privy Council by Henry. After his promotion he shows little interest in the work of government leaving this responsibility to the Duke of Norfolk with whom he jointly shares the duties as president. Brandon is seen as a playboy in the show's first season, but as Duke of Suffolk becomes a mature courtier and magnate after marrying Catherine Willoughby in the second season. He hates the new queen and eventually quarrels with the Boleyn family, mainly directing his rage at his onetime ally, Thomas Boleyn. In the third season, Brandon is a reluctant but efficient leader of the King's forces, sent to ruthlessly repress a Catholic uprising. He is jealous of Thomas Cromwell, working to ensure his fall from office. In the third and fourth seasons, Brandon senses the increasing disdain that his second wife feels for his flawed character. In the final season he falls in love with Brigitte Rousselot, a young French woman he captured during the siege of Boulogne and takes her back to England.

 Duke of Norfolk
Henry Czerny (2007)
Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk
Episode 1.01
Episode 1.10

Uncle of Anne Boleyn and Henry VIII's fifth wife, Katherine Howard. Norfolk is represented as an arrogant intriguer, conscious of his noble rank and arch-enemy of Cardinal Wolsey. He and his brother-in-law Thomas Boleyn conspire to maneuver his niece, Anne Boleyn, into Henry's bed in order to gain influence over him and to advance their own interests. Together with Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, they engineer Wolsey's overthrow and then his arrest (and indirectly, his subsequent death). Norfolk is subsequently jointly appointed with Suffolk to the presidency of the Privy Council. Norfolk does not appear in seasons 2, 3 or 4, although, in actual history, he was still alive and played a significant role in the events which transpired in those series; Katherine Howard was a closer relation to him than portrayed in season 3.

 Anne Boleyn
Natalie Dormer (2007–2008)
Anne Boleyn
Episode 1.01
Episode 2.10 (4.10 Dream Sequence)

Daughter of Thomas Boleyn, and sister of George and Mary Boleyn. Anne was sent to be a lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine, as a pawn of her father's and her uncle's schemes to ruin Cardinal Wolsey. She attracted Henry VIII's attention at the masquerade where she, along with Henry's sister Margaret, played two of the Graces. By her father's orders, she continually put herself in Henry's way, till Henry was so enamoured of her that he vowed he would take her as his only mistress if she would give herself to him. Anne, remembering how her sister was thrown aside after Henry tired of her, refused him, saying that she was saving her virginity for her eventual husband, causing Henry, already at odds with Queen Katherine for failing to produce a living son, to consider annulment or divorce. She admits to her father that while she did not like the role of sacrificial lamb at first, she was growing to love Henry. At first the relationship was a secret, but more and more Henry honored her as his consort rather than Katherine. The delay of the annulment proceedings frustrated Henry, and Anne used this opportunity to blame Wolsey for the delay, leaving him when she felt that the proceedings will never come to fruition. She also gradually turned him in favor of Protestantism so that, as head of the church in his realm, he could finally divorce Katherine without referring to the Roman Church.
The second season sees Anne reach the peak of her power. She is created as Marquess of Pembroke and is taken to France to meet the French King, Francis, as the future Queen and sleeps with Henry and thus conceives a child who she is confident will be a boy. Soon afterwards, Henry marries Anne and crowns her as Queen, his marriage to Catherine annulled by Cranmer; however, Anne and Henry's hopes are dashed when she gives birth to a daughter, Elizabeth, which sets in motion the Act of Succession. She is more or less manipulated by her father to do everything to win Henry's love (which becomes evident after her miscarriage of her second child). She allows Henry to disinherit his daughter Mary but tries to establish ties with her conditional upon Mary accepting her as queen. Mary rebuffs this offer.
Anne becomes desperate to conceive a son, but miscarries twice after Elizabeth and is eventually accused of witchcraft and adultery. Henry removes Elizabeth from the line of succession, convinced she is not his daughter, and sentences Anne to execution by beheading, which she goes to with dignity and surprising admiration from the people. Anne re-appears in the final episode of Season 4 in the dream sequence alongside Elizabeth, expressing pride for her daughter, proclaiming her innocence that the crimes she was killed for, and showing sympathy for her deceased cousin Katherine Howard.

 Katherine of Aragon [1]
Maria Doyle Kennedy (2007–2008)
Catherine of Aragon
Episode 1.01
Episode 2.07 (4.10 Dream Sequence)

Youngest child of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, Katherine is the first wife and queen consort of Henry VIII. She was once married to Henry's older brother, Arthur, but claims that that marriage was never consummated. Most of her children with Henry VIII were either miscarried or died in infancy; her one surviving child was her daughter, Princess Mary.
Because of her seeming inability to give him a son, along with the onset of menopause, Henry worries that England might face a reversion to civil war in the event of his death. With the Wars of the Roses still a recent memory, he was determined to have a legitimate son to whom to pass his throne. He therefore preferred to believe that Katherine lied when she swore that her previous marriage was never consummated and that therefore his marriage to her was incestuous and illegal. Katherine was very lonely at court, her only friend was the ambassador of Spain, as Cardinal Wolsey dismissed her Spanish ladies-in-waiting for fear that they were spies for the Holy Roman Emperor. Nevertheless, she always does her duty as Queen of England admirably, even mingling with and donating to the common people after church services, and she is loved by the English people despite her Spanish background. She is banished to spend her final days at the house "The More", without any contact from the king's staff or her daughter Mary. She is last seen dictating her will on her deathbed, read both aloud and, intercutting with, by a mournful Henry VIII; Anne smiles upon hearing the news and states that "Now, I am indeed queen." Katherine re-appears in the final episode of Season 4 in the dream sequence alongside Mary, confronting Henry about his treatment of her daughter and her own status as his 'true wife'.

 Thomas Boleyn
Nick Dunning (2007–2008)
Thomas Boleyn, 1st Earl of Wiltshire
Episode 1.01
Episode 2.10

Father of George, Mary, and Anne Boleyn, and brother-in-law to the Duke of Norfolk. Thomas Boleyn appears initially as the English ambassador to France, who sees his daughters primarily as a means to advance family interests. To this end, he encourages Mary to become Henry's mistress and, subsequently, Anne to aim for the higher status of a royal marriage. Together with Norfolk and Suffolk, Boleyn engineers Cardinal Wolsey's downfall. He then becomes a leading member of the Royal Council, although somewhat subordinate to his two fellow plotters in jointly handling the country's affairs. In the second season, Boleyn starts to worry that Anne is losing the king's love and urges her to keep him at her side, even telling her to 'offer him a gift', one of her ladies-in-waiting as a mistress. He is later faced with Anne's fear of the Seymour family but this only catches his attention when his ally, Thomas Cromwell, offers his quarters to them at the King's request. Following Cromwell's investigation of rumors of treason committed by Anne, Boleyn is arrested along with others, but is reprieved by the King and exiled from court. He is berated by Charles Brandon in the last episode of Season 2 for his selfishness and his evident relief that he will live while his son and daughter will die. In the Season 4 episode "A Moment of Nostalgia" Brandon mentions that Boleyn has died recently with only the ghosts of his children in attendance at the funeral.

 Princess/Lady Mary Tudor
Blathnaid McKeown (2007)
Sarah Bolger (2008–2010)
Mary I of England
Episode 1.01 (McKeown)
Episode 2.03 (Bolger)
Episode 1.07 (McKeown)
Episode 4.10 (Bolger) (4.10 Dream Sequence)

Mary is the daughter and only surviving child of King Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon. Mary's early years were full of happiness, receiving love and adoration from both her parents, and was once betrothed to the Dauphin of France, her cousin, Charles V of Spain, and Francis I's youngest son, the Duke of Orléans. Initially, Mary remained unaware of her parents failing marriage, though gradually she became increasingly aware of the situation; starting when her illegitimate half-brother received titles and his own household, and she too received a household of her own, but far away in the Welsh Marches and under the care of her governess; Lady Salisbury. Mary's place in succession was lost when her parents' marriage was annulled, and so Mary was referred to as "Lady Mary", and any and all contact with her mother was forbidden (much to her pain; as she was not present when she died of illness). Ultimately, her father severed all ties with her when her half-sister Elizabeth was born, and so Mary was formally expelled from court, her servants dismissed from her service, and she was forced to serve as a lady-in-waiting, while Elizabeth received Mary's place in the succession. Mary is relieved not only when her future stepmother, Jane Seymour, made efforts to befriend with her and revealed her hopes to restore her to the succession, but also to hear of Anne Boleyn's execution. Mary was allowed back to court when she (very reluctantly) signed a document that formally declared her allegiance to her father and acknowledgement as him being the Head of the Church; relinquishing her own Catholic faith in the process (something she agonized over). Henry had threatened to put her to death if she had refused, but upon seeing Mary for the first time in years, immediately regretted all his actions and welcomed her back. Mary was initially furious over the Lutheran Anne of Cleves becoming the new queen, but warmed to her considerably upon meeting Katherine Howard, her frivolous, immature replacement. Following Katherine's execution, Mary renewed her friendship with Catherine, the Lady Latimer (historically, Parr was Catherine of Aragon's goddaughter, though this was not mentioned in the series), and was initially pleased at her father's interest and subsequent marriage to her. Mary's attitude hardened upon realizing that Parr was Protestant, however. This discovery, which coincides with the departure of her friend and father-figure Eustace Chapuys, the Imperial Ambassador, causes Mary to finally snap and reveal the true depths of her fanaticism.

 Thomas Cromwell
James Frain (2007–2009)
Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex
Episode 1.04
Episode 3.08

Although Thomas Cromwell was elevated by Cardinal Wolsey after the king's secretary was removed (see Richard Pace), he was secretly the ally of the Boleyn family. He is also represented as the man who introduces Anne Boleyn to Lutheranism, which she subsequently introduced to Henry VIII. In the second season, Cromwell rises to the position of chief minister after the fall of Thomas More. Although More is later beheaded for refusing to acknowledge Henry as supreme head of the Church in England, Cromwell takes a sympathetic approach towards him, as he deeply admires More; he also orders swift and necessary action when allegations arise regarding Queen Anne Boleyn (which leads to her ultimate downfall). A characteristic of Cromwell is that, although he is untrustworthy to anyone but the King and is no-one's true friend, he always gives potential opponents a fair warning and a neutral, unbiased viewpoint; while guarded about his own opinions, he is not hesitant to show genuine admiration when he feels it. In this, he is very like Thomas More (though Cromwell is a Protestant reformer and More was a devout Catholic) but is much more unscrupulous with his actions.
Cromwell is depicted as being ruthless and calculating, but also as a hard-working and extremely able minister; he is Wolsey's true successor as the King's right hand. His historic role as a talented administrator and reformer eventually comes into conflict with Henry's ambiguous commitment to the Reformation; the series portrays Cromwell as a committed Protestant who sees the Reformation slipping away, with the Church of England, despite its break from Rome, retaining Catholic tradition and ritual. An attempt to strengthen the King's ties to Protestantism through a German marriage to Anne of Cleves (though couched as a political alliance) backfires. Because of his commoner origins Cromwell is resented by nobles such as the Duke of Suffolk and frequently abused even by Henry. His beheading is a botched affair because the executioner is drunk.

 Thomas More
Jeremy Northam (2007–2008)
Thomas More
Episode 1.01
Episode 2.05

Longtime friend of Henry VIII, Sir Thomas is a pious Christian who abhors war and tried to advise Henry against it. He nevertheless believes that stern action is required to combat the rise of Lutheranism. During his time as Lord Chancellor after Wolsey, More burns to death six people found guilty of heresy, although he offers them the chance to recant. After it becomes apparent that the king was also changing his attitude towards Catholicism, he becomes worried, finally recalling that Wolsey once told him that he should have told the king what he ought to do, not what he can do, for "if the lion knows his own strength, no man could control him". More is married with four children. In the second season More avoids taking any public position over the king's "great matter" of divorce from Catherine, but is finally condemned and executed after refusing to take an oath recognizing Henry as supreme head of the English Church. He is condemned to be hanged, drawn and quartered but Henry, out of respect, reduces the execution to a quick beheading. Henry shows deep regret over More's death.

 Thomas Wyatt
Jamie King (2007–2008)
Thomas Wyatt
Episode 1.03
Episode 2.10

The former love of Anne Boleyn, poet Thomas Wyatt befriends and collaborates with composer Thomas Tallis while both are on a trip to France with Cardinal Wolsey. He claims to have had carnal relations with Anne, although this is at odds with Anne saying that her maidenhead was only for her husband to claim. He makes few appearances in the first season, but appears frequently in the second. He still holds and proclaims his feelings for Anne even though she has married the King. Wyatt is arrested and charged with betraying Henry, but is released in time to see Anne's execution. He notes the irony that of the accused lovers, he is the only one who is actually guilty and the only one who survived.

 Thomas Cranmer
Hans Matheson (2008)
Thomas Cranmer
Episode 2.01
Episode 2.10

The Archbishop of Canterbury who was involved in handing the dispute over Henry's marriage of Katherine of Aragon as being "null and void" and recognize Anne Boleyn as the new queen, having everybody swear an oath to recognize their new queen. He was introduced as a nervous man when Thomas Cromwell introduced him to the king. When he became the new Archbishop, he gained more confidence and took decisions to move against Katherine and reform the Church in England. He was portrayed from then on as cold and harsh but devoted. A determined Protestant reformer, he resented traditionalist men like Thomas More and Bishop Fisher and, despite their years of loyal service to the king, he branded them as traitors.
He is deeply loyal and devoted to Anne Boleyn but, despite his devotion to her, he is forced to relinquish the mutual desire for a reformed faith when Anne falls from favour. He takes her last confession in the Tower and breaks the news to her that Elizabeth is to be declared illegitimate but promises her that he will endeavour to keep her in the King's "good and kind graces".

 Pope Paul III
Peter O'Toole (2008)
Pope Paul III
Episode 2.01
Episode 2.07

The Pope of the Roman Catholic Church who declares Henry's marriage to Anne Boleyn invalid and with ex-communicates Henry. Portrayed as a skilled politician with a dry sense of humour, Pope Paul sends a "Soldier in Christ" to assassinate the new queen, with the promise that he will gain access into heaven no matter if it succeeds or fails. Paul is outraged by and denounces the executions of both Bishop Fisher and Thomas More. He has no qualms about using force when necessary but is also portrayed as a loving man who considers the Catholics his children and wants to protect them like a father would protect his child.

 Jane Seymour
Anita Briem (2008)
Annabelle Wallis (2009)
Jane Seymour
Episode 2.07 (Briem)
Episode 3.01 (Wallis)
Episode 2.10 (Briem)
Episode 3.04 (Wallis) (4.10 Dream Sequence)

Becoming less interested in his new wife Anne Boleyn with her failure to produce a male heir, King Henry VIII has Jane Seymour made one of Anne's ladies-in-waiting in an attempt to seduce her. Jane, mindful of her reputation and following her brother's advice, refuses Henry's gifts and advances, impressing the king with her modesty. A romance develops between Henry and Jane as his marriage to Anne further deteriorates; when Anne catches Henry kissing Jane, she flies into a rage and miscarries a son. Henry orchestrates Anne's arrest for adultery, moving Jane into her quarters and unofficially proposing marriage. Henry and Jane become engaged on the same day as Anne's execution and get married just days later. As an increasingly popular Queen, Jane promotes Mary's interests and secures her position back at court. She also appeals to Henry to restore the monasteries on behalf of the Catholics but she is quickly rebuked by him for meddling in his affairs. Unlike the doomed Anne, she heeds his warning and pursues her agendas within the restrictions of her gender and position. Jane reunites Henry with both his daughters over Christmastide to everybody's delight. Her position as Queen is cemented when she gives birth to Henry's son, Edward. However the birth is long and difficult and she dies twelve days after from childbed fever, leaving Henry devastated as he falls into a deep depression from his grief. Henry regards Jane as his true love because of her kind nature and the fact that she gave him a son. She is given a Queen's burial and Henry promises that one day they will be with each other again when he is buried beside her. Jane re-appears in the final episode of Season 4 in the dream sequence alongside Edward, furious that Edward has been treated badly and will die at a very young age, frightening Henry. When Wallis took over the role for the third season, most of Briem's scenes were re-filmed for the recap in the season opener.

 Sir Francis Bryan
Alan van Sprang (2009)
Francis Bryan
Episode 3.01
Episode 3.08

Bryan is a spy, agent, reputed assassin, and an accomplished cryptographer. He is appointed to the privy chamber. With a reputation as a rake and a libertine without principles or morals, Bryan is known as "The Vicar of Hell", and is an accomplice in several of the king's extramarital affairs. Bryan takes an instant attraction to the fictional character Lady Ursula Misseldon and quickly becomes her lover. Although initially ready to act as an agent for Thomas Cromwell in attempting to intimidate Princess Mary, Bryan turns against the disgraced Minister and by getting his executioner drunk is able to ensure that Cromwell's death is a cruel one. He is sent by Henry to France and Italy to murder Cardinal Reginald Pole but fails in this mission.

 Robert Aske
Gerard McSorley (2009)
Robert Aske
Episode 3.01
Episode 3.04

Aske is a Yorkshire lawyer who opposes the dissolution of the monasteries and becomes the leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace - a rising in northern England. He is persuaded to disband his forces after receiving pledges of pardon and policy change from Henry, through the Duke of Suffolk. However, the momentum the rebellion achieved goes beyond Aske's control, and a further uprising occurs, sealing his fate.

 Cardinal von Waldburg
Max von Sydow (2009)
Otto Truchsess von Waldburg
Episode 3.01
Episode 3.06

A mentor to Reginald Pole.

 Anne of Cleves
Joss Stone (2009–2010)
Anne of Cleves
Episode 3.06
Episode 4.03

A German princess and Henry's fourth wife. The king marries Anne to make a political alliance on the advice of Thomas Cromwell. However the king is not attracted to her, famously saying "I like her not!", and the marriage is annulled less than a year later. Having the benefit of Katherine's, Anne's and Jane's experiences to study, or perhaps simply as eager for an escape route as Henry, she wisely accepts the king's decision, and is rewarded with a pension and lands. She was referred to as "the King's Beloved Sister" and remained well liked by the King's daughters, who continued to visit her after the annulment.

 Katherine Howard
Tamzin Merchant (2009–2010)
Katherine Howard
Episode 3.08
Episode 4.05

Henry's fifth wife, Katherine came to court to serve as lady-in-waiting to Anne of Cleves before catching the King's eye. During her tenure as Queen, Katherine is known for her beauty and youth and butts heads with Mary, her stepdaughter, over the lack of respect she shows her. Disillusioned with her marriage, Katherine enters into an affair with Thomas Culpeper. She is later found guilty of adultery and executed. Katherine was a cousin of Henry's second wife, Anne.

 Edward Seymour
Max Brown (2008–2010)
Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford
Episode 2.08
Episode 4.10

Brother of Jane Seymour, he is quickly elevated as Jane gained the King's favour. His behaviour suggests that he cares more about the family's status than Jane's happiness. He acts as gaoler for Lady Salisbury and her family, taking each in turn to their execution.

 Earl of Surrey
David O'Hara
Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey
Episode 4.01
Episode 4.09

An eminent poet with a reputation for debauchery, the Earl grew up with Henry VIII's illegitimate son Henry Fitzroy. Henry Howard is also portrayed as an aggressive and fearless soldier. As the son of the Duke of Norfolk and the cousin of both Katherine Howard and Anne Boleyn, he considers the Seymour family to be his enemy. He also has an intense hatred for the members of court who come from commoner level families.

 Catherine Parr
Joely Richardson (2010)
Catherine Parr
Episode 4.06
Episode 4.10

Catherine Parr is introduced as the wife of an ailing old man, in love with Thomas Seymour when she catches the King's eye. After the death of her husband, Seymour is sent overseas and the King asks for her hand in marriage, leaving Catherine with no other option than to accept the proposal. Their marriage is a happy one and Catherine even serves as regent for Henry during his Boulogne campaign. Catherine is a protestant reformer and is later suspected of heresy by Bishop Gardiner. However, after an appeal to Henry's ego, she manages to escape the charges being brought against her. Catherine is shown to be close to all three of the King's children. After Henry's death, she married Thomas Seymour. She later died of childbed fever.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Character name
Portrayed by
Historical basis
First appearance
Last appearance

 Duke of Buckingham
Steven Waddington (2007)
Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham
Episode 1.01
Episode 1.02

A direct descendant of Edward III, Buckingham was openly resentful of the "new men" such as Cardinal Wolsley who have risen by ability rather than birth. Described by Thomas More as stupid but powerful, Buckingham confides in Norfolk that he aspires to the crown. After being reprimanded by Henry for attempting to humiliate Wolsey, Buckingham recklessly plans to assassinate the King. However, this plan is reported to the Cardinal by Thomas Boleyn, whom Buckingham had tried to recruit. Buckingham is subsequently convicted of treason and beheaded. He leaves behind a daughter, who had a brief relationship with Charles Brandon (also one of the reasons he was at odds with Henry since the latter refused to punish Brandon).

 Anna Buckingham Hastings
Anna Brewster (2007)
Anne Hastings née Stafford, Countess of Huntingdon
Episode 1.01
Episode 1.07

The Duke of Buckingham's daughter was the former lover of Charles Brandon, and a catalyst for her father's attempted assassination of the King of England. She later becomes the common law wife of William Compton, and dies in the dreaded sweating sickness epidemic along with him.

 Princess Margaret Tudor
Gabrielle Anwar (2007)
Mary Tudor, Queen of France; Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots
Episode 1.03
Episode 1.09

Engaged to the elderly King of Portugal, feisty Margaret begs her brother, King Henry VIII of England, to reconsider the match. He refuses, and she is further irritated that he has chosen his common-born friend Charles Brandon to accompany her to Portugal and present her to her future husband. Margaret pressures Henry to agree that, once her husband is dead, she may marry whomever she chooses; he seems to concede. Margaret is at first dismissive of court lothario Brandon, but they soon have passionate sex on the long sea voyage to Portugal. Margaret marries the decrepit Portuguese king, who lives only a few days until she smothers him in his sleep. Henry is angry to lose the political alliance, but even more furious when he discovers that Margaret and Brandon have married without his consent. With accusations of treason, they are exiled from court; the Duke of Norfolk soon promises to intervene on Brandon's behalf in exchange for Brandon's assistance in ruining Norfolk's political rival, Cardinal Wolsey. Margaret's relationship with Brandon eventually collapses; she argues that he only "loved her for an hour", as he continues to have affairs with other women. As Brandon returns to favor at court, Margaret displays an obvious dislike for Anne Boleyn and her allies. Margaret falls ill with pulmonary tuberculosis, and dies as Charles is engaging in sex with another woman. Henry is furious at Brandon for his lack of attention to his wife, and Brandon shows remorse as he buries Margaret.

 William Compton
Kristen Holden-Ried (2007)
William Compton
Episode 1.01
Episode 1.07

A longtime friend to King Henry VIII, "common-born" William Compton (along with similarly-ranked Charles Brandon and Anthony Knivert) attracts the ire of the noble-born Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, due to Henry's favouritism toward the trio. In Episode 1.04, Compton is knighted Sir William Compton, alongside Knivert, for no more apparent reason than having amused the King by substituting a small log for a lance while jousting. The new Sir William is portrayed throughout the series as a witty and elegant courtier who avoids the occasional blunders of his two friends Brandon and Knivert. Compton, though married, soon shows a romantic homosexual interest in the young composer Thomas Tallis in Episode 1.05. At first Tallis refuses Compton's advances, but does not pull away when Compton kisses him; later they are shown in bed together. Compton is the second to die (after Henry Fitzroy) from the devastating "sweating sickness" in Episode 1.07.

 Thomas Tallis
Joe Van Moyland (2007)
Thomas Tallis
Episode 1.01
Episode 1.10

Young composer Thomas Tallis comes to London with good references and secures a position with the Chapel Royal. He soon attracts the attention of Sir William Compton, a close friend of King Henry VIII, and the two become lovers. After Compton's death, Tallis courts two sisters. After his first choice dies he marries the second. In a rare supernatural element in the series the dead sister watches Tallis and his new wife in bed together. Though he does not appear in subsequent seasons, Tallis continued to prosper throughout the period, and received the favor of Elizabeth I.

 Ambassador Mendoza
Declan Conlon (2007–2009)
Íñigo López de Mendoza y Zúñiga
Episode 1.03
Episode 3.02

The Spanish ambassador to England, Mendoza serves as a link between Queen Katherine and her nephew, Charles V, as her letters are being opened by Cardinal Wolsey. He is also the one friend Katherine has at court, since her Spanish ladies-in-waiting were dismissed by Wolsey, and her English ladies-in-waiting were either bribed or seduced by the Cardinal, to say nothing of being seduced by the king himself. He bore the brunt of Henry VIII's anger and when Charles V broke the treaty between England and Spain by setting free Francis I of France without consulting Henry, as Charles's ally, and also marrying Isabella of Portugal when he is betrothed to Princess Mary. He is promoted by Charles and sent home to Spain, leaving the issue of Queen Katherine and King Henry's divorce to Eustace Chapuys (the Imperial Ambassador, who remained to represent all of Charles V's territory) to handle.

 Bishop John Fisher
Bosco Hogan (2007–2008)
Bishop John Fisher
Episode 1.05
Episode 2.05

Bishop of Rochester and legal counsel to Katherine. Historically, he was confessor and good friend to Henry's mother, and one of the few men who was not afraid of him. He suffered terribly for his convictions. He was created Cardinal for his steadfastness and was later canonized in the Roman Catholic Church. His feast day is the same as Saint Thomas More.

 Mary Boleyn
Perdita Weeks (2007–2008)
Mary Boleyn
Episode 1.01
Episode 2.05

Daughter of Thomas Boleyn and sister to George and Anne Boleyn. Also the onetime mistress to King Henry VIII. Seen more as a recurring character in the show's second season, although she is banished from court after revealing her secret marriage to William Stafford who was of a lower rank.

 Lady Elizabeth Blount
Ruta Gedmintas (2007)
Elizabeth Blount
Episode 1.01
Episode 1.05

Married mistress to King Henry VIII, and mother to his first (though illegitimate) son who survived infancy (historically she did not marry until after the birth). He dies in the fifth episode at the young age of four, as both she and the King weep over the loss. (Her son's death contradicts history, as her son survived into his teenage years.)

 Richard Pace
Matt Ryan (2007)
Richard Pace
Episode 1.01
Episode 1.04

A widower who was the secretary of Henry VIII. He was framed by Cardinal Wolsey of spying for the French, and sentenced to the London Tower. He lost his mental faculties before he was released from the Tower.

 George Boleyn
Pádraic Delaney (2007–2008)
George Boleyn, Viscount Rochford
Episode 1.04
Episode 2.09

Son of Thomas Boleyn and brother to Mary and Anne Boleyn. George benefits greatly from Anne's rise, and revels in his newfound power. Despite his womanizing, George has a clandestine affair with the male court musician Mark Smeaton. Upon his sister Anne's fall, George is caught in the storm and accused of incest with Anne, which is later corroborated by his abused and neglected wife, Jane. He is beheaded for treason in Episode 2.09.

 William Brereton
James Gilbert (2008)
William Brereton
Episode 2.01
Episode 2.09

Seeming to be commissioned by Pope Paul III and Ambassador Chapuys to assassinate Anne Boleyn for the good of King Henry VIII and the Catholic Church. He was accused of having carnal knowledge of the Queen Anne, unlike the others in his position, who either denied (George Boleyn and Henry Norris) or were tortured into admitting it (Mark Smeaton), Brereton falsely admitted his guilt to Thomas Cromwell. He is beheaded in episode 9 of series 2 along with the others accused.

 Lady Jane Rochford
Joanne King (2008–2010)
Jane Boleyn, Viscountess Rochford
Episode 2.07
Episode 4.05

Wife of George Boleyn and thus sister in law of Queen Anne and King Henry. She has an arranged marriage (through her and George's families), is sexually abused by George, who shows no affection for her at all. She tries to win his love but is frustrated by his affairs and disgusted when she learns of his relationship with Mark Smeaton. She avoids sharing in the fall of the Boleyns by giving evidence against her husband and agreeing to the allegation that he committed incest with his sister.
Despite her unhappy marriage and the scandal of her in-laws, Jane is asked back to court by Queen Jane and is appointed her principal lady in waiting. Jane secretly helps the Queen to get funds to the Lady Elizabeth's governess when Henry refuses to pay and arranges the public return of Lady Mary to court. Lady Rochford is a keen supporter of the Reformation and abhors the Catholic faith, although she is so moved by Jane's actions that she puts aside her opinions. She is later seen as a lady in waiting to Katherine Howard, whom she despises, and manipulates her into a clandestine affair with Thomas Culpepper, one of Henry's grooms who is pathologically obsessed with the young queen. Once the affair came to light, she was interrogated and arrested for treason (as well as aiding and abetting) and had a nervous breakdown. Despite Lady Rochford being declared legally insane, King Henry VIII passed a law to make it legal to execute her by beheading. She was executed the same day as Katherine Howard.

 Lady Jane Howard
Slaine Kelly (2007)

Episode 1.01
Episode 1.01

Mistress of Henry VIII for a short period, though of no historical basis. Named after the granddaughter of the Duke of Norfolk, Jane Neville née Howard, Countess of Westmoreland.

 King Francis of France
Emmanuel Leconte (2007–2008)
Francis I of France
Episode 1.02
Episode 2.08

Adversary and ally of King Henry VIII

 Queen Claude of France
Gabriella Wright (2007)
Claude of France
Episode 1.02
Episode 1.08

Queen consort of Francis I of France. She rejects the Duke of Suffolk's advances because she believed that making love for revenge (at her husband, who flaunts his mistresses much like Henry VIII) kills the soul.

 Emperor Charles
Sebastian Armesto (2007)
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Episode 1.03
Episode 1.03

Alternately the ally and adversary of King Henry VIII, Charles begins the series as the King of Spain and is the nephew of Henry's first wife, Queen Katherine of Aragon. He swiftly becomes Holy Roman Emperor as well, making him the single most powerful man in Christendom, and thus the perfect ally for Henry to lay aside his alliance with France for. He was betrothed to Princess Mary, although he later broke the betrothal in order to marry Isabella of Portugal. Charles only appears in a single episode of the first season, but is mentioned in almost every episode of the series thereafter, usually referred to simply as "the Emperor." He is initially represented in England by Ambassadors Mendoza (of Spain) and Chapuys (of the Holy Roman Empire), although he eventually recalls Mendoza and authorizes Chapuys to represent him alone.

 Lady Salisbury
Kate O'Toole (2007–2009)
Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury
Episode 1.05
Episode 3.06

A middle-aged noblewoman who is charged to act as governess and guardian to Princess Mary, daughter of King Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon, when the princess is awarded her own household in the Welsh marches. Lady Salisbury later earns the King's enmity as the mother of Reginald Pole, who declines his offer of an appointment to a senior position in the Church of England but reluctantly accepts the rank of cardinal from the Pope. With Cardinal Pole beyond his reach Henry takes vengeance against his family by having Lady Salisbury, another of her sons and her young grandson executed. Historically this was widely seen as an atrocious act by Henry against an elderly woman who was innocent of any crime.

 Catherine Willoughby Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk
Rebekah Wainwright (2007–2009)
Marcella Plunkett (2010)
Catherine Willoughby, 12th Baroness Willoughby de Eresby
Episode 1.10 (Wainwright)
Episode 4.10 (Plunkett)
Episode 3.08 (Wainwright)
Episode 4.10 (Plunkett)

Charles Brandon's seventeen-year-old ward, Catherine becomes his second wife and Duchess of Suffolk. With her sharp-tongued wit, she motivates Brandon to "keep his pretty head" despite his hatred for Anne Boleyn, now Queen. When Catherine learns that Brandon has had a brief affair with the French ambassador's mistress she forgives him, saying that he was the only one who made her cry. In Season 3 their marriage suffers from her contempt for Brandon's willingness to enforce the King's orders in ruthlessly putting down Catholic unrest in northern England. In season 4, she is not present and is estranged from her husband.

 Lady Eleanor Luke
Andrea Lowe (2008)

Episode 2.03
Episode 2.04

Briefly the mistress of King Henry, though of no historical basis.Henry takes an instant liking to her over the Christmas festivities when she comes to court to attend Queen Anne. He quickly makes her his mistress and Anne discovers their affair. She demands that her brother should get rid of her, which he does by accusing her of stealing Anne's jewels. Lady Eleanor leaves the Court and is later mentioned when Henry asks Anne why she was dismissed. Anne replies that Eleanor stole something precious.

 Eustace Chapuys
Anthony Brophy (2007–2010)
Eustace Chapuys
Episode 1.03
Episode 4.08

Holy Roman Emperor Charles V's ambassador to the court of Henry VIII, initially serving alongside Mendoza (the Spanish Ambassador), but later representing all of Charles V's territory on his own. As the Emperor is the nephew to Katherine of Aragon, his ambassador acts as her ally and plots against Anne Boleyn but achieves little. Chapuys attempts to use the devoutly Catholic courtier William Brereton to assassinate Anne but the conspiracy fails. Brereton is subsequently executed for (falsely) admitting that he had an affair with Queen Anne. While presented as a skilled and cunning diplomat and courtier, Chapuys appears genuinely devoted to Lady Mary, advising and reassuring her during the period that she is out of favour with the King. Towards the end of the series, Chapuys, now elderly and suffering from bad gout, resigns his post and returns to Spain. Although furious with Chapuys and the Emperor for their recent treaty with France, Henry appears somewhat put out that he is to leave and wishes him a happy retirement. Before he leaves, Chapuys gives Mary a ring that had been given to him by the Emperor, which he in turn had received from Katherine of Aragon. Mary vows to restore England to Catholicism no matter the cost; Chapuys is visibly shaken by Mary's fanaticism. Shortly after his return to Spain, Chapuys dies, news that devastates Mary.
Chapuys has the distinction of being the only character to feature prominently in all four seasons without ever being a starring cast member. His origin and ultimate fate were changed for the series: historically, he was a Savoyard (not a Spaniard as suggested in the series) and retired to the Low Countries, where he set up a small college in 1548. He died in 1556, meaning that he in fact lived into Mary's reign.

 Lady Ursula Misseldon
Charlotte Salt (2009)
Mary Shelton or Margaret Skipwith[2]
Episode 3.01
Episode 3.05

A lady in waiting to Queen Jane though not a historical figure. She is the mistress of Sir Francis Bryan and subsequently King Henry who finds her bravery arousing. She arrives at court during the King and new Queen's wedding celebrations. She is engaged to be married but does not think twice of using her body for advancement and rewards. Before she returns home she has passionate sex with a depressed Henry after Queen Jane's death. Mary Shelton and Margaret Skipwith were ladies of the court who were linked romantically to Henry VIII (but not to Francis Bryan) in court gossip during the period following Queen Jane's death.

 Princess/Lady Elizabeth Tudor
Kate Duggan (2008)
Claire MacCauley (2009)
Laoise Murray (2010)
Elizabeth I of England
Episode 2.07 (Duggan)
Episode 3.03 (MacCauley)
Episode 4.01 (Murray)
Episode 2.10 (Duggan)
Episode 3.07 (MacCauley)
Episode 4.10 (Murray) (4.10 Dream Sequence)

The daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn. During Elizabeth's infancy, she is proclaimed Princess of England and the Act of Succession nominates her as the heir to the throne, supplanting her older half-sister, Mary, who is sent to Elizabeth's establishment at Hatfield to wait on her. Shortly before Anne's execution, her marriage to Henry is annulled, making Elizabeth a bastard. She is removed from the line of succession and referred to as Lady Elizabeth.
In the aftermath of Anne's execution, Henry is initially unwilling to have anything to do with Elizabeth, claiming not to believe that she is his child, but when Elizabeth's half-sister, Mary, and stepmother, Jane Seymour, arrange for her to be brought to court and presented to her father for Christmas 1536, she is welcomed. She attends the christening of her half-brother, Edward, and later goes to live at Hundson with Mary. In episode 3.07, Elizabeth and Mary are present at court to greet their newest stepmother, Anne of Cleves. During Henry's marriage to Katherine Howard, Elizabeth is much warmer to her than Mary, but makes no secret of her preference for Anne of Cleves, and spends most of her free time at Hever Castle (Anne's residence and Elizabeth's ancestral home). In episode 4.06, Elizabeth treats her restoration to the succession with dread, and declares to Mary, with God as her witness, that she will never marry.
Elizabeth develops a closeness to her sister and brother. She is seen to be good friends with Anne of Cleves and, in the fourth season, grows close to Catherine Parr, who vows to raise Elizabeth in the faith of her mother. However, throughout all of this, she and her father remain somewhat distant. By the end Henry acknowledges, while conversing with the spirit of Anne Boleyn, that he has always been proud of his daughter and does recognise that she is very intelligent. He also reveals that he wishes that he could have shown her more affection but that her resemblance to her mother (Elizabeth looked like her father, but had her mother's eyes and personality) made him keep her at arms length.

 Prince Edward Tudor
 ? (2009)
Eoin Murtagh (2010)
Jake Hathaway (2010)
Edward VI
Episode 3.04 (?)
Episode 4.01 (Murtagh)
Episode 4.10 (Hathaway)
Episode 3.08 (?)
Episode 4.08 (Murtagh)
Episode 4.10 (Hathaway) (4.10 Dream Sequence)

Henry's only son; born to Jane Seymour. As the long awaited male heir Edward is shown to the people in his father's arms. Close to both his sisters Mary and Elizabeth, Edward succeeds Henry as King of England; albeit only briefly as he died aged 15 from tuberculosis.

 Thomas Seymour
Andrew McNair (2009–2010)
Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley
Episode 3.04
Episode 4.10

Younger brother to Edward Seymour, older brother to Queen Jane Seymour, and uncle to Prince Edward Tudor. Thomas appears as an associate of Sir Francis Bryan, in their search to find and kill Cardinal Pole.

 Cardinal Reginald Pole
Mark Hildreth (2009)
Reginald Pole
Episode 3.01
Episode 3.07

A Catholic priest studying in Italy, Pole is also an heir of the deposed House of Plantagenet via his mother, Margaret Pole, the Countess of Salisbury. Reginald is created a Cardinal, and with the guidance of his mentor, Cardinal von Waldburg, seeks to undermine Henry VIII's throne by taking advantage of the civil unrest in Yorkshire to encourage the King's foreign enemies to support the rebellion. Henry's outrage over this is visited on Pole's family.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ As established by the series credits and character list on the official website Archived 2009-06-28 at the Portuguese Web Archive, the character's name is spelled Katherine with a "K" in contrast to the English language spelling "Catherine" usually used for the actual historical figure.
Jump up ^ http://www.theanneboleynfiles.com/margaret-skipwith-ormsby-mistress-henry-viii-elizabeth-norton/#more-25977

tag: ol

text: See slso[edit]

text:
George Throckmorton
Margaret (Madge) Shelton
Philippe de Chabot
William Kingston
Elizabeth Boleyn, Countess of Wiltshire, wife of George Boleyn
Stephen Gardiner
John Lambert (martyr)
Henry Pole, 1st Baron Montagu
Charles de Marillac, season 4, episode 1
Thomas Wriothesley, 1st Earl of Southampton (Lord Risley)

tag: ul