document_title: M&M's

question_text: how many different color m&m's are there

question_tokens: how many different color m&m 's are there

text: M&M's

text: History[edit]

text: Forrest Mars, Sr., son of the Mars Company founder, Frank C. Mars, copied the idea for the candy in the 1930s during the Spanish Civil War when he saw soldiers eating British-made Smarties, chocolate pellets with a colored shell of what confectioners call hard panning (essentially hardened sugar syrup) surrounding the outside, preventing the candies from melting. Mars received a patent for his own process on March 3, 1941.[7] Production began in 1941 in a factory located at 285 Badger Avenue in Clinton Hill, Newark, New Jersey. When the company was founded it was M&M Limited.[8] The two "Ms" represent the names of Forrest E. Mars Sr., the founder of Newark Company, and Bruce Murrie, son of Hershey Chocolate's president William F. R. Murrie, who had a 20 percent share in the product.[9] The arrangement allowed the candies to be made with Hershey chocolate, as Hershey had control of the rationed chocolate at the time.[10]

text: The company's first big customer was the U.S. army, which saw the invention as a way to allow soldiers to carry chocolate in tropical climates without it melting.  During World War II, the candies were exclusively sold to the military.[11]  The resulting demand for the candies caused an increase in production and the company moved its factory to bigger quarters at 200 North 12th Street in Newark, New Jersey, where it remained until 1958 when it moved to a bigger factory at Hackettstown. A second factory was opened in Cleveland, Tennessee in 1978.[12] Today, about half of the production of M&Ms occurs at the New Jersey factory, and half at the Tennessee factory.[13]

text: In 1949, the brand released the tagline "Melts in your mouth, not in your hand."[14]

text: In 1950, a black "M" was imprinted on the candies giving them a unique trademark. It was changed to white in 1954.[8]

text: In the early 1950s, the Midwest Research Institute (now MRIGlobal) in Kansas City, Missouri, worked on behalf of M&M's to perfect a process whereby 3,300 pounds (1,500 kg) of chocolate centers could be coated every hour.[15]

text: Peanut M&M's were introduced in 1954 but first appeared[16] only in the color tan.  In 1960, M&M's added the yellow, red, and green colors.[citation needed]

text:
In 1976, the color orange was added to the mix to replace red, which was discontinued in response to the "red dye scare" over Red Dyes #2 and #4 having been evaluated to be carcinogenic in nature.  Although M&M's were made with the less controversial Red Dye #40, the public was wary of any food being dyed red.  Red M&M's were re-introduced in 1987.
[14][17]

text: In the 1980s, M&M's were introduced internationally to Australia, Canada, Europe, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom.[18]

text: Although they were marketed and then withdrawn in the 1960s, almond-centered M&M's were available again in 1988 in limited release, with appearances only during Christmas and Easter times; they became a standard part of the product line in 1992.

text: Also in 1986, M&M's launched Holidays Chocolate Candies for Easter and Christmas, with the Easter candies having bunny, chick, and egg symbols on pastel-colored shells, and the Christmas candies having pine tree, bell, and candle symbols on red and green shells; with the latter also having a special mint flavor. By 1993, the holiday symbols were replaced with the standard trademark "M".

text: In 1991, Peanut Butter M&M's were released. These candies have peanut butter inside the chocolate center and the same color scheme as the other varieties. As of at least 2013, the size of the peanut butter M&M has become slightly smaller.

text: In 1995, tan M&Ms were discontinued to be replaced by blue.[19]

text: In 1996, Mars introduced "M&M's Minis", smaller candies usually sold in plastic tubes instead of bags.[20]

text: In 1999, Crispy M&M's were released. They were slightly larger than the milk chocolate variety and also featured a crispy wafer center. They were discontinued in the United States in 2005 and remained available in Europe, and Southeast Asia. In January 2015, they returned to production in the United States.

text: In July 2001, Dulce de Leche M&M's were introduced in five markets with large Hispanic populations: Los Angeles, California; San Diego, California; Miami, Florida; Mcallen-Brownsville, Texas; and San Antonio, Texas.[21] The flavor never became popular with the Hispanic community, who preferred existing M&M's flavors, and it was discontinued in most areas by early 2003.[22]

text: In 2010, Pretzel M&M's were released. They contain a crunchy, salty pretzel center inside of the chocolate coating and are about the same size as the Peanut M&M's, but their shape tends to be more spherical.[citation needed]

text: In 2013, the M&M's chocolate bar was re-released. It was originally released in 2004 and named M-Azing.[citation needed]

text: In 2014, Mega M&M's were re-introduced. Before then, the 'Mega M&M's' had been released in 2007 promoting the Shrek Movies, being dubbed "Ogre-Sized M&M's".[citation needed]

text: In 2015, Crispy M&M's were re-introduced in the United States. They had remained available continuously in Europe and Australia.[citation needed]

text: In 2016, the M&M cookie was re-introduced in the United States.[citation needed]

text: Also in 2016, the M&M's flavor vote was created in which the fans could vote for either honey, coffee, or chili nut M&M's to go with peanut M&M's. Coffee Nuts was announced as the winner by VEEP's Tony Hale.[23]

text: In April 2017, M&M's chocolate blocks went on sale in Australia. Six varieties (milk chocolate, strawberry, crispy, hazelnut, crispy mint and almond) are available.[24]

text: Also in 2017, Caramel M&M's were released in the United States.[25]

text: In May 2018, Variety Pack M&M's were released. They consist of a combination of M&M's, Peanut M&M's, Caramel M&M's, Pretzel M&M's, and Peanut Butter M&M's.

text: Varieties[edit]

text: M&M's varieties have included the following sizes and fillings. Note that some have only been made available for a limited time, such as white cheesecake for Easter, pumpkin spice or white candy corn for Halloween, and White Strawberry Shortcake for Valentine's Day.

text:
sizes: regular (in the following flavors), minis, mega (×3 the chocolate) and the "chocolate bar".
chocolate:  milk chocolate, dark chocolate, white chocolate
nut: peanuts, almonds, hazelnuts, peanut butter, dark chocolate peanut, strawberried peanut butter, strawberry nut
spice and herb:  mint chocolate, cinnamon, pumpkin spice, white chocolate peppermint, holiday mint, gingerbread,  mint crisp, pumpkin spice latte, mocha, coffee nut, honey nut, and chili nut.[26]
fruit:  orange chocolate, cherry,  raspberry, cherry cordial, pineapple, coconut, candy apple
dessert: pretzel, birthday cake, white chocolate candy corn, red velvet, dulce de leche, white chocolate carrot cake, vanilla shake, crispy, three milks (tres leches), pecan pie, caramel, and crunchy caramel.
colors: Easter regularly sees pastel-colored candies and Christmas bags have green and red only

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Over the years, marketing has helped build and expand the M&M's brand. Computer-animated graphics, personification of the candies as characters with cartoon-like storytelling, and various merchandising techniques including the introduction of new flavors, colors and customizable merchandise have helped to increase the brand's recognition as a candy icon.

text: E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial[edit]

text: In 1982, the Mars candy bar company rejected the inclusion of M&M's in the new Steven Spielberg movie E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial. Competitor Hershey, on the other hand, took a chance with their Reese's Pieces, which is similar to M&M's but contains a peanut butter filling, and with the blockbuster success, its candy sales dramatically increased, perhaps by as much as 300%.[27]

text: Marketing campaigns[edit]

text: In the early 1980s, its slogan was "All the World Loves M&M's," accompanied by a TV jingle of the same name. Actor Joel Higgins, then co-starring in the NBC-TV sitcom Silver Spoons, co-wrote the song. [28]

text: In 1990, M&M's exhibited at New York's Erie County Fair a life-size fiberglass cow covered with 66,000 M&M candies—each adhered by hand with the "m" logo on each candy facing outward. According to a website run by the cow's designer, Michael Adams, the stunt earned M&M Mars $1 million in free publicity because it was reported on by Newsweek magazine, as well as the New York Post, UPI and WABC-TV, and Live with Regis.[29]

text: In 1995, the company ran the M&M's Color Campaign, a contest in which participants were given the choice of selecting purple, blue, or pink as the color of a new variety of M&M's. The announcement of the winning color (blue) was carried on most of the television networks' news programs as well as the talk shows of David Letterman and Jay Leno.[30] As part of the contest results, the company had the Empire State Building lighted in blue.[30] Although the financial details of these deals were not disclosed and neither was the campaign's effect on sales, one marketing book estimated that the company "collected millions" in free publicity and that the campaign "certainly" resulted in an increasing of the brand's awareness.[30]

text: In 1998, M&M's were styled as "The Official Candy of the New Millennium," as MM is the Roman numeral for 2000. This date was also the release of the rainbow M&M's, which are multi-colored and filled with a variety of different fillings.

text: In 2000, "Plain" M&M's (a name created in 1954 when "Peanut" M&M's were introduced) were renamed "Milk Chocolate" M&M's, and pictures of the candy pieces were added to the traditional brown and white packaging.[31]

text: In 2004, M&M's adopted the 1967 Petula Clark song Colour My World for its TV ads, albeit using newly recorded versions with other singers. [32]

text: Joint marketing campaigns[edit]

text: In 1990, Mars Snackfood US signed up to be a sponsor for NASCAR in the Sprint Cup Series. Drivers for the M&M's-sponsored car through the years have included Ernie Irvan (1999), Ken Schrader (2000–02), Eliott Sadler (2003–06), Ricky Rudd (2007), David Gilliland (2006–07), Kyle Busch (2008-current, won 2015 Sprint Cup Series Championship), and Michael McDowell.

text: The introduction of the blue M&M to Australia was promoted by the Australian Football League's Carlton Football Club, which wore sky-blue colored guernseys in one of its matches in 1997 instead of its traditional navy blue – a color which the successful and fiercely traditional club had worn since the 1870s.[33] In 2010, Mars Snackfood Australia described it as the most successful promotional campaign it had ever engaged in.[34]

text: In April 2005, M&M's ran the "mPire" promotion to tie in with the Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith movie release. M&M's were offered in dark chocolate varieties (Regular and Peanut) for the first time after a string of Addams Family M&M's commercials.

text: In May 2004, M&M's ran a Shrek 2 promotion to tie in with the movie's release. M&M's were offered "ogre-sized" (65% larger) in swamp/ogre colors. They were sold at many stores displayed in huge cardboard-cutout ogre displays.

text: In the summer of 2005, Mars added "Mega M&M's" to the lineup.[35] These candies, at 55% larger than the traditional M&M's, were a little smaller than the ogre-sized version. They were available in milk chocolate and peanut varieties. The colors for Mega M&M's were changed to less-bright colors, ostensibly to appeal to older consumers: teal (replacing green), beige (replacing orange), maroon (replacing red), gold (replacing yellow), blue-gray (replacing blue), and brown.

text: In July 2006, Dark Chocolate M&M's reappeared in a purple package, followed in 2007 by Dark Chocolate Peanut M&M's. Also in 2006, the company piloted White Chocolate M&M's as a tie-in with their "Pirates of the Caribbean" promotion. The company also offered eight new flavors of M&M's via online sales, as well as at M&M's World locations: "All That Razz"; "Eat, Drink, & Be Cherry"; "A Day at the Peach"; "Orange-U-Glad"; "Mint Condition"; "AlmonDeeLicious"; "Nut What You Think"; and "Cookie Monster".  Mars also released a "Crispy Mint" variety in Australia that year.

text: Also in 2006, M&M's became the official chocolate of NASCAR.

text: In 2007, M&M's introduced a limited-edition raspberry flavor called "M&M's Razzberry Chocolate Candies".

text: Also in 2007, M&M's produced a 50-foot, smiling Lady Liberty M&M statue to kick off a campaign encouraging Americans to create their own M&M characters at mms.com. The website allows for people to log in and create their own character from scratch. They can choose features such as the color, shape, hair, and accessories.

text: In 2008, two limited-edition varieties of the candy were introduced – "Wildly Cherry" M&M's, and, as a marketing tie-in with the film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, "Mint Crisp" M&M's.

text: M&M's also introduced another new product called "M&M's Premiums" in 2008. They come in five flavors – chocolate almond, mint chocolate, mocha, raspberry almond, and triple chocolate (milk, dark, and white chocolate), which are sold in small upright cartons with a plastic bag inside. M&M's Premiums do not have a candy shell but are coated with carnauba wax and color. Dark Chocolate was added in 2009, replacing Mocha.

text: During the summer of 2008, My M&M's launched 'Faces,' which allows consumers to print the faces of loved ones on M&M's chocolate candies at mymms.com.

text: In February 2009, M&M's launched the "M&M's Colour Break-Up" promotion in Australia where M&M's were sold in separate packs (one for each color): the packs included a code to win prizes.[36]

text: In Summer 2009, M&M's launched a limited-edition "Strawberried Peanut Butter" variant to tie in with the release of Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. In addition, M&M's launched a limited edition "Coconut M&M's," which became a permanent item in 2010.

text: In early 2010, M&M's Bare All were released as part of a competition in Australia and New Zealand.[37] M&M's Bare All winning packs were ordinary M&M's, but without colored shells. An official website was launched, along with television advertisements.[citation needed] In April 2010, M&M's launched a new pretzel variety.[38]

text: In November 2011, Mars released M&M's Cinnamon Milk Chocolate for Christmas.

text: About the time pretzel M&M's came out, the M&M's wrapper designs in the U.S. were redone, from the old design, used from 2004-early 2010.

text: In 2012, M&M's released two new Dark Chocolate flavors: Raspberry and Mint.  Also that year, M&M's released a White Chocolate flavor for the Easter season. From May 30, 2012, onwards, M&M's will be launched in Macau. Its Macanese launch language is Portuguese. In 2012, Peanut M&M's were produced in the UK in a limited edition "Red, White and Blues only" pack, in connection with the country's Diamond Jubilee and 2012 Summer Olympics. The 'M' remains white on the white candies. The commercial advertising this promotional package had Yellow donning various outfits of British stereotypes to try to get into the limited edition pack. Similarly, to promote the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Peanut M&M's were produced in a pack that contained only green, yellow, and blue candies, dubbed "Brazilian M&M's" in reference to the colors of the flag of Brazil. "Brazilian M&M's" were re-released in 2016 to promote the 2016 Summer Olympics, but are now available in both Chocolate and Peanut.

text: In 2013, M&M's launched the "Better with M" campaign, which included cause-related marketing. The campaign worked with Habitat for Humanity and encouraged fans to use a Facebook app to volunteer at the various sites where the homes were being built.[39] The advertising campaign was one of the largest that Mars had ever executed.[39] The 2013 "America Better With M" initiative sough to provide money directly to Habitat for Humanity through offering limited versions of M&Ms in red, white and blue.

text: Related brands[edit]

text: Related candy brands from Mars include Minstrels, Revels, Skittles, and Treets.

text: M&M's World specialty shops have been established in some locations, including Las Vegas, Orlando, New York, London, and Shanghai.

text: Several M&Ms-themed video games have been created. The first was M&M's: The Lost Formulas, released on September 28, 2000.

text: M&M's characters[edit]

text: Early black-and-white adverts for the candy in 1954 featured two talking, anthropomorphic M&M characters—one plain and one peanut—diving into a swimming pool full of chocolate.[40]

text: The first incarnation of the characters in CGI was a  1994 celebrity campaign which had the characters interacting with celebrities on which M&Ms candy color is their favorite. This campaign was created by Blue Sky Studios. Concurrent with 1995's blue M&M campaign, M&M's introduced second computer-animated "spokescandies" in their television commercials. The depiction and campaign of the M&M's were made by Will Vinton in 1995. Vinton previously created the clay-animation California Raisins in 1986. Around the time he worked on CGI projects, he made the depiction of the M&M's as more mature than most food mascots. These include the team of the cynical and sardonic Red (originally voiced by Jon Lovitz, thereafter Billy West[41]) who is the mascot for milk chocolate, peanut butter, and crispy M&M's, and the happy and gullible Yellow (originally voiced by John Goodman, thereafter J.K. Simmons), who is the mascot for peanut M&M's (he was originally known as "Peanut" when first introduced). Other mascots include the "cool one", Blue (voiced by Phil Hartman until his death in 1998, thereafter Robb Pruitt) who is the mascot for almond M&M's; the seductive Green (voiced by Cree Summer), who is the mascot for both dark chocolate mint and peanut butter M&M's, and the slightly neurotic Orange (voiced by Eric Kirchberger), who was introduced when Crispy M&M's were first released and returned when Pretzel M&M's debuted in 2010. Orange, upon his return, was joined by the second non-M&M mascot, Pretzel Guy (voiced by Maurice LaMarche), who "supports" him and offers helpful advice as he hates the idea of having a pretzel put inside his body.

text: Other mascots that were introduced, but no longer used, are Almond, the original green guy; Orange, a female peanut character, Chocolate Bar; the first non-M&M character that always gets foiled or outdone by Red and Yellow by being melted when M&M's can't, and the Swarmees for M&M's Minis candies, which are portrayed as destructive yet crafty troublemakers who Red and Yellow are always trying unsuccessfully to contain.

text: Female M&M's mascots were introduced in 1995. Green was the milk chocolate mascot and Tan was the peanut. Marketing discontinued Tan when they introduced the then-new Blue mascot. Green was the only female M&M's mascot from her introduction in 1995 until 2012 when M&M's unveiled a new additional spokescandy, the businesslike Ms. Brown (voiced by Miss America 1984 Vanessa Williams), the "Chief Chocolate Officer."[42] She made her debut in a Super Bowl XLVI advertisement, where several people at a party assume she is naked because her shell is the same color as her insides, which causes Red to remove his outer shell thinking "it's that kind of party", and start dancing to the LMFAO song "Sexy And I Know It."

text: During a Super Bowl LII advertisement, Red was transformed into a human after finding a lucky penny and wishing he was inedible. As a human, he is portrayed by Danny DeVito.[43]

text:
Color

Character

Type

Voice actor

Red

Red

Milk Chocolate, Dark Chocolate, Peanut Butter, and Crispy

Jon Lovitz (1995–96)Billy West (1996–present)Danny DeVito (2018-live human actor)

Yellow

Yellow

Peanut, and Dark Chocolate Peanut

John Goodman (1995–96)J. K. Simmons (1996–present)

Blue

Blue

Almond, Raspberry, and Dark Chocolate

Phil Hartman (1995–98)Robb Pruitt (1998–present)

Green

Green

Dark Chocolate, Dark Chocolate Mint, and Peanut Butter

Cree Summer

Orange

Orange

Crispy and Pretzel

Eric Kirchberger

Brown

Ms. Brown

Dark Chocolate and Milk Chocolate

Vanessa Williams

Dark Orange

Caramel (cube)

Caramel

David Cross

Brown

Pretzel Guy (symmetrical)

Pretzel

Maurice LaMarche

text: Color changes in chocolate M&M's[edit]

text: The original colors of M&M's candies were red, yellow, violet, green and brown.[44]

text: In 1976, the Food and Drug Administration released a study that linked red dye 2 in food coloring to cancer. Though Mars did not use this dye, they decided to pull the red M&M's from the market to avoid possible misunderstandings. The red candy were reintroduced to the market ten years later.[14]

text: In early 1995, Mars ran a promotion in which consumers were invited to vote on which of blue, pink, or purple would replace the tan M&M's. Blue was the winner with 54% of the votes.[45] It replaced tan in late 1995. Consumers could vote by calling 1-800-FUN-COLOR. Ads for the new blue colors featured a plain and an almond blue M&M character as Red and Yellow take notice of trying to do takes in the commercial by painting themselves blue where they appear on stage with B.B. King singing the blues, but the filmmakers had to cut the scene as they were not the real blue M&M's; another featured Red and Yellow holding their breath to look like the new blue M&M's, where Steven Weber sees the three M&M's, Red, Yellow, and Blue; and one more featuring Weber talking to the blue M&M if he had dived into the chocolate pool, but did not.

text: In 2002, Mars solicited votes in their first ever "M&M's Global Color Vote" to add a new color from three choices: aqua (turquoise), pink, and purple. Purple won and was featured for a limited time. To help the colors get votes, Ken Schrader and his MB2 Motorsports team, who was sponsored by M&M's at the time, ran four paint schemes during the 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season representing the promotion (one for aqua, one for pink, one for purple, and another one with all three colors on the car.) Specially marked packages of M&M's were released in Japan. Finding a bag of all purple M&M's entitled the customer to a prize of 100 million yen (equivalent to approximately USD $852,000).

text: On January 1, 2004, at the stroke of midnight, Mars removed all of the colors of M&M's and made them black-and-white on both their candies and the packaging. It coincided with a commercial parodying The Wizard of Oz where Dorothy is home in bed and looks out of the window and sees what the colors of the four M&M's were. The goal was to help the M&M's find their colors in black-and-white packages of M&M's, in this order: brown, orange, red, green, yellow, and blue. After all of the colors have been found, the colored packaging returned, and began carrying the theme "Chocolate is better in color".

text: Since 2004, M&M's have been available online in 17 colors, with personalized phrases on each candy on the opposite side from the "m".[46] Released around Christmas, these custom-printed M&M's were originally intended for holiday greetings, but are now available all year round.

text: For the 2008 Valentine's Day season, Mars introduced all-green bags of M&M's. This was due to common urban folklore that says green M&M's are an aphrodisiac.[47] They were brought back for 2009 alongside the "Ms. Green Heats Up Valentine's Day" contest.

text: In October 2011, Mars released M&M's White Chocolate Candy Corn exclusively in the United States for Halloween. These candies come in three candy corn inspired colors: white, bright yellow, and bright orange.

text: The following is a summary of the changes to the colors of the flagship (milk chocolate) flavor of M&M's, the only filling manufactured continuously since the beginning of the brand.  From 1941 until 1969, each package contained M&M's in five different colors; when red M&M's were reintroduced in 1987, they were added as a sixth color instead of replacing any of the existing colors.

text: Health concerns[edit]

text: Red candies were eliminated in 1976[48] because of health concerns over the dye amaranth (FD&C Red #2), which was a suspected carcinogen, and were replaced with orange-colored candies. This was done despite the fact that M&M's did not contain the dye; the action was purely to satisfy worried consumers. Red candies were reintroduced ten years later, but they also kept the orange colored M&M's. Paul Hethmon, then a student at University of Tennessee, started the campaign to bring back red M&M's as a joke that would eventually become a worldwide phenomenon.[49]

text:
In Europe, red M&M's contain the red dye carmine (E120).[50] Carmine, also known as cochineal, has had some campaigns launched against its
use in food, because it is made from crushed insects. Notably, Starbucks in the UK had a campaign launched against it for using carmine.[51]


document_title: Cast Away

question_text: in the movie castaway what kind of ball was wilson

root

text: Cast Away

text: Plot[edit]

text: In December 1995, Chuck Noland is a time-obsessed systems engineer who travels worldwide resolving productivity problems at FedEx depots. He is in a long-term relationship with Kelly Frears, with whom he lives in Memphis, Tennessee. Although the couple wants to get married, Chuck's busy schedule interferes with their relationship. A Christmas with relatives is interrupted when Chuck is summoned to resolve a problem in Malaysia. While flying through a violent storm, his plane crashes into the Pacific Ocean. Chuck escapes the sinking plane and is saved by an inflatable life raft, but loses the emergency locator transmitter. He clings to the life raft, loses consciousness, and floats all night before washing up on an island. After he awakens, he explores the island and soon discovers that it is uninhabited.

tag: p

text: Several FedEx packages from the crashed plane also wash up on the shore, as well as the corpse of one of the pilots, which he buries. He initially tries to signal for rescue and makes an escape attempt with the remnants of his life raft, but cannot pass the powerful surf and the coral reefs surrounding the island. He searches for food, water, and shelter, and opens the packages, finding a number of useful items. He leaves one package, which has a pair of angel wings stenciled on it, unopened. During a first attempt to make fire, Chuck receives a deep wound to his hand. In anger and pain, he throws several objects, including a Wilson volleyball from one of the packages. A short time later, he draws a face in the bloody hand print on the ball, names it Wilson, and begins talking to it. One night, Chuck calculates that in order for the rescue workers to find the site of the plane crash, they will have to search an area twice the size of Texas, making him doubtful he will ever be found.

text: Four years later, Chuck has adapted to the island’s meager living conditions, having become adept at spearing fish and making fires. He also has regular conversations and arguments with Wilson, his only means of socialization. A large section of a portable toilet washes up on the island; Chuck uses it as a sail in the construction of a raft. After spending some time building and stocking the raft and deciding when weather conditions will be optimal (using an analemma he has created in his cave to monitor the time of year), he launches, using the sail to overcome the powerful surf. After some time on the ocean, a storm nearly tears his raft apart. The following day, as Chuck sleeps, Wilson becomes untethered and floats away from the raft. Chuck is wakened by the spray of a sounding whale, sees Wilson, and swims after him, but Wilson has gone too far to safely retrieve. Chuck returns to the raft and collapses in tears. Later, a passing cargo ship finds him, drifting.

text: Upon returning to civilization, Chuck learns that he has long been given up for dead; his family and acquaintances have held a funeral, and Kelly has since married Chuck's onetime dentist and has a daughter. After reuniting, the pair profess their love for each other but, realizing they could not be together because of her commitment to her new family, they sadly part. Kelly gives Chuck the car they once shared.

text: Some time later, after buying a new volleyball, Chuck travels to Canadian, Texas, to return the unopened FedEx package with the angel wings to its sender, a woman named Bettina Peterson. No one is home, so he leaves the package at the door with a note saying that the package saved his life. He departs and stops at a remote crossroads. A friendly woman passing by in a pickup truck stops to explain where each road leads. As she drives away, Chuck notices the angel wings on the back of her truck are similar to those on the parcel. As Chuck is left standing at the crossroads he looks down each road, then smiles faintly as he looks in the direction of the woman's truck.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Hanks as Chuck Noland
Helen Hunt as Kelly Frears
Nick Searcy as Stan
Jenifer Lewis as Becca Twig
Chris Noth as Jerry Lovett
Lari White as Bettina Peterson
Vince Martin as Albert "Al" Miller
Geoffrey Blake as Maynard Graham
Michael Forest as Jack
Jay Acovone as Petrov

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Tom Hanks once stated in an Actor Roundtable with The Hollywood Reporter that "...I wanted to examine the concept of four years of hopelessness, in which you have none of the requirements for living — food, water, shelter, fire and company". But it took six years to put together the alliance that would actually examine that. [Hanks] only had a third of [the story], and [screenwriter] Bill Broyles only had a third of it, [director] Bob Zemeckis came along and provided that other third. Hanks also went on to say "I had that original idea. I was reading an article about FedEx, and I realized that 747s filled with packages fly across the Pacific three times a day. And I just thought, "What happens if that goes down?"[3]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The film's shooting occurred between 1998 and 2000, but was not shot consecutively. Hanks gained 50 pounds (23 kg) during pre-production, for the purpose of making his transformation more dramatic. After a majority of the film was shot, production was halted for a year so that he could lose the weight and grow his hair and beard to look like he had been living on the island for years. During the year-long hiatus, Zemeckis used the same film crew to make another film, What Lies Beneath.[2]

text: Cast Away was filmed on Monuriki, one of the Mamanuca Islands in Fiji.[4] It is in a subgroup of the Mamanuca archipelago, which is sited off the coast of Viti Levu, Fiji's largest island. The island became a tourist attraction following the film's release.  After Chuck's return, it is identified by Kelly as being "about 600 miles south of the Cook Islands," but there is actually no land between the southernmost Cook Islands of Mangaia and Antarctica.

text: The film essentially begins and ends in the same location, on the Arrington Ranch in the Texas Panhandle south of the city of Canadian, Texas.[5]

text: Music[edit]

text: The film's minimal score was composed by Alan Silvestri for which he won a Grammy Award in 2002. The film's soundtrack is most notable for its lack of score and creature sound effects (such as bird song or insect sounds) while Chuck is on the island, which is intended to reinforce the feeling of isolation.[6] Cast Away contains no original musical score until Chuck escapes the island. However, there is a Russian choral piece heard near the start of the film that was not composed or even recorded by Silvestri, so it does not appear on the film's soundtrack list. It is a traditional Russian song written by Lev Knipper called "Oh, My Field" ("Polyushko, Polye") and it is available on various collections of Red Army hymns.

text: The official soundtrack CD is an anthology of musical pieces from all films up to that point directed by Zemeckis and scored by Silvestri. The only track from Cast Away itself is the theme from the end credits.[7]

text: FedEx[edit]

text: FedEx provided access to their facilities (Memphis, Los Angeles, and Moscow) as well as airplanes, trucks, uniforms, and logistical support. A team of FedEx marketers oversaw production through more than two years of filming.[8] FedEx CEO Fred Smith made an appearance as himself for the scene where Chuck is welcomed back, which was filmed on location at FedEx's home facilities in Memphis, Tennessee. The idea of a story based on a FedEx plane crashing gave the company "a heart attack at first," but the overall story was seen as positive. FedEx, which paid no money for product placement in the film,[9] saw an increase in brand awareness in Asia and Europe following the film's release.[10]

text: Wilson the volleyball[edit]

text: In the film, Wilson the volleyball serves as Chuck Noland's personified friend and only companion during the four years that Noland spends alone on a deserted island.[11][12][13] Named after the volleyball's manufacturer, Wilson Sporting Goods, the character was created by screenwriter William Broyles, Jr.. While researching for the film, he consulted with professional survival experts, and then chose to deliberately strand himself for one week on an isolated beach in the Gulf of California, to force himself to search for water and food, and obtain his own shelter. During this time, a volleyball washed up on shore. This was the inspiration for the film's inanimate companion. From a screenwriting point of view, Wilson also serves to realistically allow dialogue in a one-person-only situation.[14][15]

text: One of the original volleyball props was sold at auction for $18,500 to the ex-CEO of FedEx Office, Ken May. At the time of the film's release, Wilson launched its own joint promotion centered on the fact that one of its products was "co-starring" with Tom Hanks. Wilson manufactured a volleyball with a reproduction of the bloodied handprint face on one side. It was sold for a limited time during the film's initial release and continues to be offered on the company's website.[16]

text: Reception[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, Cast Away has an approval rating of 90% based on 154 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Flawed but fascinating, Cast Away offers an intelligent script, some of Robert Zemeckis' most mature directing, and a showcase performance from Tom Hanks."[17] On Metacritic the film has a score of 73 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[18]

text: Cast Away opened in 2,774 theaters in North America and grossed $28,883,406 with an average of $10,412 per theater on its opening weekend.[19] For the four-day Christmas long holiday weekend, it took in a total of $39,852,075.[20] The film kept performing well and ended up earning $233,632,142 domestically and $196,000,000 internationally for a total of $429,632,142, well above its production budget of $90 million.[1]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Category

Recipients and nominees

Result

73rd Academy Awards[21]

Best Actor

Tom Hanks

Nominated

Best Sound

Randy Thom, Tom Johnson, Dennis S. Sands and William B. Kaplan

Nominated

54th British Academy Film Awards[22]

Best Actor

Tom Hanks

Nominated

6th Critics' Choice Awards[23]

Best Inanimate Object

Wilson

Won

58th Golden Globe Awards[24]

Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama

Tom Hanks

Won

2001 MTV Movie Awards

Best Action Sequence

Plane crash

Nominated

Best Kiss

Tom Hanks and Helen Hunt

Nominated

Best Male Performance

Tom Hanks

Nominated

Best On-Screen Duo

Tom Hanks and Wilson

Nominated

7th Screen Actors Guild Awards[25]

Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role

Tom Hanks

Nominated

tag: table

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: A FedEx commercial during the 2003 Super Bowl parodied the final scene of the film, in which Chuck returns a package to its sender. In this version, the woman answers the door, and when Chuck asks what was in the box, the woman replies: "Just a satellite phone, GPS locator, fishing rod, water purifier, and some seeds. Just silly stuff."[26]

text: Media executive Lloyd Braun of ABC Studios first suggested the idea of a Cast Away–type television series at a dinner party in 2003.[27] Thom Sherman later pitched the idea for Cast Away – The Series, but never developed the idea.[27] The concept was later developed and pitched with the title Nowhere, which later turned into the ABC show Lost.[27]


document_title: Girl Scout Cookies

question_text: what is the name of the shortbread girl scout cookie

text: Girl Scout Cookies

text: History[edit]

text: The first cookie sales by an individual Scout unit was by the Mistletoe Troop in Muskogee, Oklahoma, in December 1917 at their local high school.[2] In 1922, the Girl Scout magazine The American Girl suggested cookie sales as a fundraiser and provided a simple cookie recipe from a regional director for the Girl Scouts of Chicago.

text: From 1933 to 1935, organized cookie sales grew, with troops in Philadelphia and New York City using the cookie selling model to develop the marketing and sales skills of their local troops. In 1933, Girl Scouts in Philadelphia organized the first official sale, selling homemade cookies at the windows of local utility companies.[citation needed]

text: In 1936 the national organization began licensing commercial bakers to produce cookies, in order to increase availability and reduce lead time, starting with Keebler-Weyl Bakery.[3] Southern Biscuit Company and Burry Biscuit,[4][5] both later acquired by the Interbake Foods division of George Weston Limited, were added in 1937. One hundred twenty five troops launched cookie sales that first year.[6]

text: During World War II the Girl Scouts sold calendars[7] in addition to cookies, because of shortages of flour, sugar, and butter. In 1943 there were 48 cookies per box. By 1943 Girl Scouts also collected fat in cans to aid the war effort and sold war bonds at no profit.[8][9][10][11][12]

text: In the 1950s, three more cookie recipes were added: "Shortbreads"/"Scot-Teas", "Savannahs" (today called "Peanut Butter Sandwich"), and "Thin Mints". Six types of cookies were being sold nationwide by 1956. Greater cookie sales occurred due to the Baby Boomer generation entering Girl Scouts in the 1960s. The "Samoa" was added in 1975. In 1978, the National Council reduced the number of bakeries providing cookies to four and standardized the packaging and pricing of the cookies.[3][6]

text: In the 1990s, the National Council limited the bakeries providing cookies to just ABC Bakers (a division of Interbake Foods) and Little Brownie Bakers (a division of the Keebler Company).[3] In 1998, cookie sale awards were instituted.[6]

text: In 2005, the Girl Scouts moved to eliminate trans fat from their cookies to be healthier, and started providing nutritional information on the cookie box. In 2009 the number of Thin Mints, Do-si-dos, and Tagalongs in each box was reduced and Lemon Chalet Cremes became smaller because of the increasing costs of ingredients and transportation.[13]

text: In January 2015, Girl Scouts began to offer the ability to purchase their cookies with credit or debit cards via an online portal and a "Digital Cookie" app. The purchasing app can only be used by Girl Scouts themselves with parents of girl scouts only able to share a link to the purchasing page.[14][15]

text: Sales[edit]

text: Each Girl Scout regional council decides which licensed baking company to use for cookie sales in that council, thus determining which varieties are available in the area covered by the council.[16][17]

text: Girl Scouts sell cookies to relatives, friends, neighbors, and others in their town or city. In recent years, because of safety concerns, an increased emphasis has been placed on cookie booths, where girls sell from tables in public areas under the supervision of adult troop leaders, rather than door-to-door. Many councils offer the option for customers to sponsor boxes of cookies to be sent to U.S. servicemen and women.[18] Cookies are also available online.[6]

text: As an incentive to sell, Girl Scouts are offered recognitions, such as stuffed animals, trinkets, coupons, credits toward Girl Scout camp, activities, or uniforms. These recognitions vary from Girl Scout council to council. The recognitions are usually cumulative, so that a girl who earns the recognition for selling 50 boxes of cookies will also get the 25- and 20-box items. In some councils, girls may choose to earn more money for their troop instead of recognitions if they are working toward a troop goal such as a trip or other expensive activity. This type of fund raising is intended to teach Girl Scouts valuable skills in planning, teamwork, finance, organization, communication, and goal setting.[16]

text: Also, award badges exist for sales: Cookie Count, Smart Cookie, The Cookie Connection, Cookie Biz, and Cookies & Dough.[6]

text: Traditionally each regional Girl Scout council set the prices for cookies sold in that council. A 2006 article in The Boston Globe noted that price "is hardly ever a factor, until buyers find out that the same box of cookies is selling for less in the next town over." The Globe found that a box of Thin Mints sold for $3.50 in Rockland, Massachusetts and $4.00 in neighboring Norwell.[19]

text: Elizabeth Brinton, also known as the "Cookie Queen", sold a record 18,000 boxes of cookies in a single sales season, and more than 100,000 boxes in her time as a girl scout.[20] She is known for selling cookies to sitting president Ronald Reagan. Her record held for more than twenty-nine years, until Katie Francis, 12, sold 18,107 boxes in 2014.[21] As of 2017, Charlotte McCourt, a girl scout from New Jersey, sold over 25,000 boxes of cookies, breaking the record.[22]

text: Profits[edit]

text: Each Girl Scout council operates its own cookie sale. Approximately 70% of the proceeds stay in the local Girl Scout council to support Girl Scouting in that area, including a portion, approximately 15%, that goes directly to the group selling the cookies.[6][23] The profits are divided by a formula, with local troops receiving about 10-15% of the retail price, the council more than 50%, and the manufacturer the remainder. In 1992 Girl Scouts sold 175 million boxes of cookies nationwide.[24]

text: Revenues at all levels are used to pay for events and activities for the Girl Scouts, maintenance of the councils' Girl Scout camps and other properties, cookie sale incentives, and Council administrative costs.[25]

text: Production[edit]

text: Girl Scout cookies are made by large national commercial bakeries under license from Girl Scouts of the USA. The bakers licensed by the organization may change from year to year, though this is not common. In 2008 the licensed companies were Little Brownie Bakers (LBB), a subsidiary of Keebler, which is owned by Kellogg's; and ABC Bakers, a subsidiary of Interbake Foods, which is owned by George Weston Limited.[25][27][28]

text: Varieties[edit]

text: Up to 28 varieties of Girl Scout cookies are offered. The same cookies may be sold under different names by different bakeries, with the choice of bakery determining the name. There has been no move to standardize names.[29][30] The merger of many councils (from 312 to 109) following the August 2006 reorganization resulted in many councils changing bakeries, thus causing some confusion at that time.[31]

text: The national Girl Scout organization reviews and approves all varieties proposed by the baking companies, but requires only three types: Thin Mints, Peanut Butter Sandwiches (ABC)/Do-Si-Dos (LBB) and Shortbreads (ABC)/Trefoils (LBB). The other kinds can be changed every year, though several popular favorites, such as Caramel DeLites (ABC)/Samoas (LBB) and Peanut Butter Patties (ABC)/Tagalongs (LBB), are consistently available.

text: Girl Scout cookie varieties include:

text:
ABC[32]
LBB[33]
Sales[23]
Flavor

Thin Mints
Thin Mints
25%
Thin, mint-flavored chocolate wafers dipped in a chocolatey coating.[34]

Caramel deLites
Samoas
19%
Vanilla cookies coated in caramel, sprinkled with toasted coconut and laced with chocolatey stripes.[30]

Peanut Butter Sandwich
Do-si-dos
16%
Peanut butter filling sandwiched between crunchy oatmeal cookies.

Peanut Butter Patties
Tagalongs
13%
Crispy vanilla cookies layered with Peter Pan peanut butter and covered with a chocolatey coating.

Lemonades

9%
Shortbread cookie with lemon icing.

Shortbread
Trefoils
7%
A traditional shortbread cookie made in the shape of the Girl Scout trefoil.

Thanks-A-Lot

6%
Shortbread cookie dipped in fudge with a thank you message.

Savannah Smiles

Lemon wedge cookies dusted with powdered sugar.[35]

Girl Scout S'mores

Graham cookie double dipped in crème icing and finished with a chocolatey coating.[36]

Girl Scout S'mores

Graham sandwich cookies with chocolate and marshmallow filling.[37]

Trios

Gluten-free peanut butter oatmeal cookies with chocolate chips.

Toffee-tastic

Gluten-free buttery cookies with toffee bits. (Pilot, not offered everywhere.) [38]

text: Thin Mints[edit]

text:
Thin Mints

Alternative names
Grasshoppers (by Keebler)

Course
Snack or dessert

Place of origin
United States

Serving temperature
Room temperature or frozen

Main ingredients
Chocolate, mint

Variations
Multiple

 Cookbook: Thin Mints   Media: Thin Mints

text: Thin Mints are a type of cookie sold by the Girl Scouts of the USA. Thin Mints are the most popular Girl Scout Cookies.[39], the second in popularity being Samoas. About 50 million boxes of Thin Mints were sold in 2013 compared with 38 million boxes of Samoas. Thin Mints averages about 38 cookies per box and Samoas 15 cookies per box.[39]

text: Operation Thin Mint is a program by the Girl Scouts of the USA to provide military members with donated cookies.[40][41]

text: Keebler manufactures a similar cookie known as a Grasshopper, which is produced in the same factory as Little Brownie Bakers's Thin Mints.[42]

text: Discontinued[edit]

text:
All Abouts: The LBB version of Thanks-A-Lot. Shortbread cookie dipped in chocolate with a message proclaiming values that Girl Scouts are "all about", such as Respect, Friendship, etc.
Aloha Chips: Included white chocolate chips and macadamia nuts.[43]
Animal Treasures: Replaced by Thanks-A-Lot.[43]
Apple Cinnamons: Apple shaped sugar cookies with cinnamon sugar.[43]
Cafe Cookies: Shortbread with a cinnamon topping.[43]
Cartwheels: Reduced fat oatmeal and cinnamon.[43]
Chalet Creme: Shortbread cookie with embossed chalet picture with lemon or vanilla filling.[43]
Chocolate Chip Shortbread (ABC): Chocolate chips nestled in a bite-size, gluten free shortbread cookie.
Cinna-Spins (LBB): Cinnamon-flavored cookies shaped like miniature cinnamon rolls that came in 100-calorie packs. Replaced by Daisy Go Rounds.[43]
Cinnamon Oatmeal Raisin Bar:[44][45]
Cranberry Citrus Crisps (ABC): Whole grain cookie with cranberry bits and citrus flavoring.
Daisy Go Rounds (ABC): Cinnamon-flavored cookies shaped like daisies; replaced Cinna-spins for the 2009 sale; replaced with Shout Outs! in 2011.
Double Dutch: Chocolate cookies with chocolate chips.
Dulce Daisies: Milk chocolate with liquid caramel center.
Dulce de Leche: Cookies with milk caramel chips.
Five World Cinnamon: Savory cinnamon sugar cookies featuring Girl Scouting's Five Worlds of Interest. Sold from 1996 to 2001.[46][44]
Forget-Me-Nots: Granola cookie.
Friendship Circles: "friend" embossed on vanilla cookie sandwich with chocolate filling, in 18 languages [44]
Golden Yangles: Triangular cheddar crackers; sold in the 1980s.
Iced Berry Pinatas: Sugar cookies with a berry jam center and icing.
Iced Ginger Daisies: Reduced fat cookie [44]
Juliettes/Golden Nut Clusters: Milk chocolate, caramel, and pecans.
Kookaburras: Layers of crispy rice wafers and caramel coated in milk chocolate.
Lemon Chalet Cremes: Rectangular cinnamon sandwich cookies with lemon creme filling; changed to round cookies in 2010; replaced by Savannah Smiles in 2012.
Lemon Coolers: Vanilla wafers with lemon zest, dusted with powdered sugar; similar to Savannah Smiles.
Lemon Drops: Sugar cookie with lemon-flavored chips.
Lemon Pastry Cremes: Light pastry cookie sandwich with lemon creme filling.
Mango Cremes with NutriFusion: Vanilla and coconut cookies filled with a tangy mango-flavored creme enhanced with nutrients derived from fruits; replaced by Cranberry Citrus Crisps in 2013.
Medallions: Introduced for 1983-1984 and celebrating 50 years of Girl Scout Cookies, 2 flavors: shortbread with cocoa coating on the bottom "Colonial Shortbread Supremes", pecan shortbread with brown sugar coating ("Southern Pecan Praline").[47] Also listed at the Little Brownie Bakers' website under "cookie-history".[48]
Olé Olés: Powdered sugar cookies with pecans and coconut; sold from 2001 to 2003.
Oxfords: Chocolate cookies with vanilla cream filling.
Pinatas: Oatmeal cookie with fruit filling and topped with cinnamon and sugar glaze; introduced in 2004.
Praline Royale: Soft vanilla cookie with a praline filling and striped with chocolate; introduced by ABC for the 1992-93 season.[49]
Rah-Rah Raisins (LBB): Oatmeal cookies with raisins and Greek yogurt-flavored chunks.
Savannahs: A peanut butter sandwich cookie (not to be confused with "Savannah Smiles", a lemon-flavored, powdered sugar coated replacement for "Lemon Chalets" brought out in 2012).
Scot-Teas (Burry): Shortbread cookies with sprinkled sugar.
Shout Outs!: Belgian-style caramelized cookie.
Snaps: Iced oatmeal raisin. Sold from 1993 to 1997.[50]
Strawberries & Creme: Sandwich cookie from ABC with a vanilla creme and a strawberry jam; available in mid-1990s.[51]
Striped Chocolate Chips: Chocolate chip cookies with fudge stripes.
Sugar-Free Chocolate Chips: Small sugar- free cookies; discontinued in 2011.
Sugar Free Chalet Cremes: Lemon pastry cream sweetened with aspartame.
Sugar-Free Little Brownies: Brownie-shaped cookies with sugar-free chocolate chips.
Thank You Berry Munch: Cookies with cranberries, rice crispies, and white fudge chips.
Upside Down Frosted Oatmeal: Oatmeal cookies with frosting on the bottom. (http://www.oocities.org/troop1087/cookies.html)
Van'chos: Vanilla and chocolate cremes. These cookies came in an assorted box and were sold from 1974 to 1983.[52][50]

text: Nutrition[edit]

text: Federal guidelines issued in early 2005 called for people to minimize their consumption of trans fat. Concerned parents urged the Girl Scouts to address this and other health concerns about the cookies, suggesting that the cookie program was at odds with the Girl Scouts' healthy living initiative. The Girl Scout organization replied that the cookies were a treat which "shouldn't be a big part of somebody's diet", and said that they are "encouraging" the companies that bake the cookies to find alternative oils.[53]

text: In 2007, following reformulation of the recipes for a number of varieties, Girl Scouts of the USA announced that all their cookies had less than 0.5 grams of trans fat per serving, allowing them to meet the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requirements for "zero trans fat" labeling.[54]

text: High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is used in some cookies. The bakers claim that it is a necessary ingredient in ensuring the quality of the cookie.[23]

text: Palm oil[edit]

text: In September 2011, GSUSA released a new policy on palm oil in Girl Scout cookies to take effect from the 2012-13 cookie season.[55] Amongst the pledges made, the GSUSA announced it will purchase GreenPalm certificates to support the sustainable production of palm oil. The certificates offer a premium price to palm oil producers who are operating within the guidelines for social and environmental responsibility set by the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil.

text: The 2011 policy was formed in response to a prolonged campaign by two Girl Scouts, Madison Vorva and Rhiannon Tomtishen. In 2007, as 11-year-olds, Vorva and Tomtishen earned their Girl Scout Bronze Award by raising awareness about the endangered orangutan and their rapid diminishing rainforest habitat in Indonesia and Malaysia. When they discovered that the Girl Scout Cookies contained palm oil, an ingredient that results in rainforest destruction and human rights abuses, the two girls launched a variety of campaigns in order to convince the GSUSA to remove this ingredient from their cookies. Vorva and Tomtishen were awarded the UN Forest Heroes Award in 2011.[56]


document_title: List of states and union territories of India by population

question_text: which state of india has the largest population

text: Census of India[edit]

text: The first population census in British India was conducted in 1872. Since India's independence in 1947, a census has been conducted every 10 years, the first occurring in 1951.[4] The census in India is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government.[5]

text: The latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India.[6] During the decade of 2001–2011, India's annual population growth rate has slowed down from 2.15 percent to 1.76 percent.[6] Based on decennial census data, Dadra and Nagar Haveli have the fastest growth rate of 55.5 percent, followed by Daman and Diu (53.5 percent), Meghalaya (27.8 percent) and Arunachal Pradesh (25.9 percent). Nagaland recorded the lowest growth rate of -0.5 percent.[7]

text: India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2 percent of the total population reside in these rural areas.[8] Of them 145,000 villages have population size of 500–999 persons; 130,000 villages have population size of 1000–1999 and 128,000 villages have population size of 200–499. There are 3,961 villages that have a population of 10,000 persons or more.[2] India's 27.8 percent urban population lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.[9] In the decade of 1991–2001, migration to major cities caused rapid increase in urban population.[10][11] On the basis of net migrants by last residence during the past decade, Maharashtra had most immigration with 2.3 million, followed by National Capital Territory of Delhi (1.7 million), Gujarat (0.68 million) and Haryana (0.67 million). Uttar Pradesh (−2.6 million) and Bihar (−1.7 million) topped the list for interstate emigration.[12] The five states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh account for almost half (47.90 percent) of the total Indian population.[6]

text: While the national average for sex ratio shows an increase from 933 in 2001 to 940 in 2011,[6] the 2011 census shows a sharp decline in child sex ratio, the number of females per thousand males in a population between age group 0–6 years.[6] States such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram and Andaman and Nicobar Islands recorded an increase in child sex ratio.[6] National child sex ratio has declined from 927 in 2001 to 914 in 2011.[6] Telangana census was separated from Andhra Pradesh state census figures, after Telangana formally took birth on 2 June 2014.[13]

text: States and union territories (by population)[edit]

text: The total geographical area of India is 3,287,240 square kilometres (1,269,210 sq mi)α.[2] Population density is rounded to the nearest integer.

text: As per provisional census data of 2011, the total population of India is: 1,210,193,422.[6]

text:
Rank
State or union territory
Population (2011 Census)[14]
(% of population of India)[15]
Decadal growth (2001–2011)
Rural pop.[16]
(%)
Urban pop.[16]
(%)
Area[17]
Density
Sex ratio

1
Uttar Pradesh
7008207281477000000♠207,281,477
(16.49%)
20.1%
7008155111022000000♠155,111,022
(77.72%)
7007444704550000000♠44,470,455
(22.28%)
7011240928000000000♠240,928 km2 (93,023 sq mi)
6996828000000000000♠828/km2 (2,140/sq mi)
908

2
Maharashtra
7008112372972000000♠112,372,972
(9.28%)
16.0%
7007615454410000000♠61,545,441
(54.77%)
7007508275310000000♠50,827,531
(45.23%)
7011307713000000000♠307,713 km2 (118,809 sq mi)
6996365000000000000♠365/km2 (950/sq mi)
946

3
Bihar
7008103804637000000♠103,804,637
(8.58%)
25.1%
7007920750280000000♠92,075,028
(88.70%)
7007117296090000000♠11,729,609
(11.30%)
7010941630000000000♠94,163 km2 (36,357 sq mi)
6997110199999999999♠1,102/km2 (2,850/sq mi)
916

4
West Bengal
7007913477360000000♠91,347,736
(7.55%)
13.9%
7007622136760000000♠62,213,676
(68.11%)
7007291340600000000♠29,134,060
(31.89%)
7010887520000000000♠88,752 km2 (34,267 sq mi)
6997102900000000000♠1,029/km2 (2,670/sq mi)
947

5
Madhya Pradesh
7007725975650000000♠72,597,565
(6.00%)
20.3%
7007525378990000000♠52,537,899
(72.37%)
7007200596660000000♠20,059,666
(27.63%)
7011308245000000000♠308,245 km2 (119,014 sq mi)
6996236000000000000♠236/km2 (610/sq mi)
931

6
Tamil Nadu
7007721389580000000♠72,138,958
(5.96%)
15.6%
7007371892290000000♠37,189,229
(51.55%)
7007349497290000000♠34,949,729
(48.45%)
7011130058000000000♠130,058 km2 (50,216 sq mi)
6996554999999999999♠555/km2 (1,440/sq mi)
995

7
Rajasthan
7007686210120000000♠68,621,012
(5.67%)
21.4%
7007515402360000000♠51,540,236
(75.11%)
7007170807760000000♠17,080,776
(24.89%)
7011342239000000000♠342,239 km2 (132,139 sq mi)
6996200999999999999♠201/km2 (520/sq mi)
926

8
Karnataka
7007611307040000000♠61,130,704
(5.05%)
15.7%
7007375525290000000♠37,552,529
(61.43%)
7007235781750000000♠23,578,175
(38.57%)
7011191791000000000♠191,791 km2 (74,051 sq mi)
6996319000000000000♠319/km2 (830/sq mi)
968

9
Gujarat
7007603836280000000♠60,383,628
(5.00%)
19.2%
7007346708170000000♠34,670,817
(57.42%)
7007257128110000000♠25,712,811
(42.58%)
7011196024000000000♠196,024 km2 (75,685 sq mi)
6996308000000000000♠308/km2 (800/sq mi)
918

10
Andhra Pradesh
7007493867990000000♠49,386,799
 (4.08%)
11.1%
7007347763890000000♠34,776,389
(70.42%)
7007146104100000000♠14,610,410
(29.58%)
7011162968000000000♠162,968 km2 (62,922 sq mi)
6996303000000000000♠303/km2 (780/sq mi)
993

11
Odisha
7007419473580000000♠41,947,358
(3.47%)
14.0%
7007349512340000000♠34,951,234
(83.32%)
7006699612400000000♠6,996,124
(16.68%)
7011155707000000000♠155,707 km2 (60,119 sq mi)
6996268999999999999♠269/km2 (700/sq mi)
978

12
Telangana
7007352867570000000♠35,286,757
(2.97%)
17.87%
7007215853130000000♠21,585,313
(61.33%)
7007136086650000000♠13,608,665
(38.66%)
7011114840000000000♠114,840 km2 (44,340 sq mi)
6996307000000000000♠307/km2 (800/sq mi)
988

13
Kerala
7007333876770000000♠33,387,677
(2.76%)
4.9%
7007174455060000000♠17,445,506
(52.28%)
7007159321710000000♠15,932,171
(47.72%)
7010388630000000000♠38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi)
6996859000000000000♠859/km2 (2,220/sq mi)
1,084

14
Jharkhand
7007329662380000000♠32,966,238
(2.72%)
22.3%
7007250369460000000♠25,036,946
(75.95%)
7006792929200000000♠7,929,292
(24.05%)
7010797140000000000♠79,714 km2 (30,778 sq mi)
6996414000000000000♠414/km2 (1,070/sq mi)
947

15
Assam
7007311692720000000♠31,169,272
(2.58%)
16.9%
7007267805260000000♠26,780,526
(85.92%)
7006438875600000000♠4,388,756
(14.08%)
7010784380000000000♠78,438 km2 (30,285 sq mi)
6996397000000000000♠397/km2 (1,030/sq mi)
954

16
Punjab
7007277042360000000♠27,704,236
(2.30%)
13.7%
7007173168000000000♠17,316,800
(62.51%)
7007103874360000000♠10,387,436
(37.49%)
7010503620000000000♠50,362 km2 (19,445 sq mi)
6996549999999999999♠550/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
893

17
Chhattisgarh
7007255401960000000♠25,540,196
(2.11%)
22.6%
7007196036580000000♠19,603,658
(76.76%)
7006593653800000000♠5,936,538
(23.24%)
7011135191000000000♠135,191 km2 (52,198 sq mi)
6996189000000000000♠189/km2 (490/sq mi)
991

18
Haryana
7007253530810000000♠25,353,081
(2.09%)
19.9%
7007165314930000000♠16,531,493
(75.75%)
7006882158800000000♠8,821,588
(24.25%)
7010442120000000000♠44,212 km2 (17,070 sq mi)
6996573000000000000♠573/km2 (1,480/sq mi)
877

19
Jammu and Kashmir
7007125489260000000♠12,548,926
(1.04%)
23.7%
7006913482000000000♠9,134,820
(72.79%)
7006341410600000000♠3,414,106
(27.21%)
7011222236000000000♠222,236 km2 (85,806 sq mi)
6995570000000000000♠57/km2 (150/sq mi)
883

20
Uttarakhand
7007101167520000000♠10,116,752
(0.84%)
19.2%
7006702558300000000♠7,025,583
(69.45%)
7006309116900000000♠3,091,169
(30.55%)
7010534830000000000♠53,483 km2 (20,650 sq mi)
6996189000000000000♠189/km2 (490/sq mi)
963

21
Himachal Pradesh
7006686460200000000♠6,864,602
(0.57%)
12.8%
7006616780500000000♠6,167,805
(89.96%)
7005688704000000000♠688,704
(10.04%)
7010556730000000000♠55,673 km2 (21,495 sq mi)
6996122999999999999♠123/km2 (320/sq mi)
974

22
Tripura
7006367103200000000♠3,671,032
(0.30%)
14.7%
7006271005100000000♠2,710,051
(73.82%)
7005960981000000000♠960,981
(26.18%)
7010104860000000000♠10,486 km2 (4,049 sq mi)
6996350000000000000♠350/km2 (910/sq mi)
961

23
Meghalaya
7006296400700000000♠2,964,007
(0.24%)
27.8%
7006236897100000000♠2,368,971
(79.92%)
7005595036000000000♠595,036
(20.08%)
7010224290000000000♠22,429 km2 (8,660 sq mi)
6996131999999999999♠132/km2 (340/sq mi)
986

24
Manipurβ
7006272175600000000♠2,721,756
(0.22%)
18.7%
7006189962400000000♠1,899,624
(79.79%)
7005822132000000000♠822,132
(20.21%)
7010223270000000000♠22,327 km2 (8,621 sq mi)
6996122000000000000♠122/km2 (320/sq mi)
987

25
Nagaland
7006198060200000000♠1,980,602
(0.16%)
-0.5%
7006140686100000000♠1,406,861
(71.03%)
7005573741000000000♠573,741
(28.97%)
7010165790000000000♠16,579 km2 (6,401 sq mi)
6996119000000000000♠119/km2 (310/sq mi)
931

26
Goa
7006145772300000000♠1,457,723
(0.12%)
8.2%
7005551414000000000♠551,414
(37.83%)
7005906309000000000♠906,309
(62.17%)
7009370200000000000♠3,702 km2 (1,429 sq mi)
6996394000000000000♠394/km2 (1,020/sq mi)
968

27
Arunachal Pradesh
7006138261100000000♠1,382,611
(0.11%)
25.9%
7006106916500000000♠1,069,165
(77.33%)
7005313446000000000♠313,446
(22.67%)
7010837430000000000♠83,743 km2 (32,333 sq mi)
6995170000000000000♠17/km2 (44/sq mi)
920

28
Mizoram
7006109101400000000♠1,091,014
(0.09%)
22.8%
7005529037000000000♠529,037
(48.49%)
7005561997000000000♠561,997
(51.51%)
7010210810000000000♠21,081 km2 (8,139 sq mi)
6995519999999999999♠52/km2 (130/sq mi)
975

29
Sikkim
7005607688000000000♠607,688
(0.05%)
12.4%
7005455962000000000♠455,962
(75.03%)
7005151726000000000♠151,726
(24.97%)
7009709600000000000♠7,096 km2 (2,740 sq mi)
6995859999999999999♠86/km2 (220/sq mi)
889

7001300000000000000♠NCT
Delhi
7007189800000000000♠18,980,000
(1.38%)
21%
7005419319000000000♠419,319
(2.50%)
7007163339160000000♠16,333,916
(97.50%)
7009148400000000000♠1,484 km2 (573 sq mi)
6998112970000000000♠11,297/km2 (29,260/sq mi)
866

7001310000000000000♠UT1
Puducherry
7006124446400000000♠1,244,464
(0.10%)
27.7%
7005394341000000000♠394,341
(31.69%)
7005850123000000000♠850,123
(68.31%)
7008479000000000000♠479 km2 (185 sq mi)
6997259800000000000♠2,598/km2 (6,730/sq mi)
1,038

7001320000000000000♠UT2
Chandigarh
7006105545000000000♠1,055,450
(0.09%)
17.1%
7004290040000000000♠29,004
(2.75%)
7006102568200000000♠1,025,682
(97.25%)
7008114000000000000♠114 km2 (44 sq mi)
6996952000000000000♠952/km2 (2,470/sq mi)
818

7001330000000000000♠UT3
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
7005379944000000000♠379,944
(0.03%)
6.7%
7005244411000000000♠244,411
(64.33%)
7005135533000000000♠135,533
(35.67%)
7009824900000000000♠8,249 km2 (3,185 sq mi)
6995460000000000000♠46/km2 (120/sq mi)
878

7001340000000000000♠UT4
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
7005342853000000000♠342,853
(0.03%)
55.5%
7005183024000000000♠183,024
(53.38%)
7005159829000000000♠159,829
(46.62%)
7008491000000000000♠491 km2 (190 sq mi)
6996698000000000000♠698/km2 (1,810/sq mi)
775

7001350000000000000♠UT5
Daman and Diu
7005242911000000000♠242,911
(0.02%)
53.5%
7004603310000000000♠60,331
(24.84%)
7005182580000000000♠182,580
(75.16%)
7008112000000000000♠112 km2 (43 sq mi)
6997216900000000000♠2,169/km2 (5,620/sq mi)
618

7001360000000000000♠UT6
Lakshadweep
7004644290000000000♠64,429
(0.01%)
6.2%
7004141210000000000♠14,121
(21.92%)
7004503080000000000♠50,308
(78.08%)
7007320000000000000♠32 km2 (12 sq mi)
6997201300000000000♠2,013/km2 (5,210/sq mi)
946

Total
India
1,210,193,422
(100%)
17.64%
833,087,662
(68.84%)
377,105,760
(31.16%)
3,287,240 km2 (1,269,210 sq mi)
382/km2 (990/sq mi)
943

text: Notes[edit]

text:
For determining population density of India and the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the data excludes area of Gilgit bultistan 64,817 and Azad Jammu&Kashmir 13,297 = 78,114 km2. under Pakistani control, 5,180 km2 under Chinese control and 37,555 km2 under Chinese control in Ladakh district.[18][19]
This includes 120,849 square kilometres (46,660 sq mi) of territory controlled by Pakistan but claimed by India along with Aksai Chin and Shaksgam Valley, territories administered by the People's Republic of China but claimed by India.
^β Excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata, and Purul sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur.


document_title: Coexist (image)

question_text: what are the symbols on the coexist bumper sticker

text: Coexist (image)

text: Creation – COEXISTENCE art exhibition[edit]

text: Piotr Młodożeniec (pl), a Polish graphic designer based in Warsaw, had his original work chosen by a jury to be one of several dozen images to be displayed as 3 m (9.8 ft) x 5 m (16 ft) outdoor posters as part of a touring exhibit sponsored by the Museum on the Seam in Jerusalem. The exhibit opened to the public in Jerusalem in 2001.[1][2]

text: His original image consisted of the word COEXIST in all capital letters, with the C replaced by an oversized Muslim Crescent, the X replaced by an oversized Star of David, and the T replaced by an oversized Latin Cross.[1][3][2]

text: U2 Vertigo Tour[edit]

text: During the international 2005–2006 Vertigo Tour of the Irish rock band U2, the original version of the image played a key role. Shortly after playing "Sometimes You Can't Make it on Your Own", the group would play politically-themed songs. During the opening portion of "Love and Peace or Else", Bono wore a white headband bearing a handwritten version of the word.[5] In some venues, including Mexico City, the word was displayed on large electronic signs.[6][1]

text: Bumper sticker[edit]

text: The image and variations of it are used as automobile bumper stickers.[4]

text: The bumper stickers first began to emerge in the United States in the early 2000s in partial response to the military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan which began after the events of September 11, 2001. The stickers signify the capability or desire of humans to live together in peace.[7]

text: One common version of the bumper sticker spells "COEXIST" using an Islamic crescent moon for the "C", a peace sign for the "O", a combination of the male symbol and female symbol for the "E", a Star of David for the "X", a pentagram for the dot of the "I", a yin-yang symbol for the "S", and a Christian cross for the "T".[7] This version, designed by Jerry Jaspar, is perhaps the most common version of the bumper sticker.[8]

text: The prevalence of the COEXIST bumper stickers has been noted in the Bay Area region centered on San Francisco. Users of the bumper stickers are often not practicing adherents of religion.[9] This prevalence among politically liberal secularists has led to some ridicule about the inability of the bumper sticker to affect its target audience, or those who could benefit from the message.[10]

text: The popularity of the bumper stickers has spawned several anti-Muslim responses, including one with the image of the crescent altered with the addition of explosives.[8] Other parodies include a Communist hammer and sickle for the "E" and a swastika for the "X", indicating the dangers inherent in all ideologies.[11]

text: Legal disputes[edit]

text: In 2005, Młodożeniec and U2 were unaware of each other. They were also unaware that a company in Indiana already filed for a trademark in the United States in 2003. At the time, as there was no official U2 merchandise carrying this image, U2 fans created their own. The Indiana company filed suit against companies like Cafepress in May 2005 in an effort to stop unauthorized merchandise sales. Młodożeniec's attorneys maintained that he owned the copyright to the image. Separately, The Museum on the Seam, which sponsored the competition in which the original image first appeared in public, claimed legal rights to the image.[1][3]

text: Versions and other variations[edit]

text: The following table shows the individual characters of the more well-known versions, either as Unicode characters, icons, or descriptions.

text:
C
o
e
x
i
ı
̇
s
t
notes

☪
o
e
✡
i
-
-
s
✝[T 1]
(original image)[2]

☪
☮
e
✡
-
ı
☯
s
✝[T 1]
pbyrne on Flickr

text: ^ Jump up to: a b Unicode character or image is approximate

tag: ol

text:
Translations, such as Coexista (at a U2 concert in Mexico City)
Contradict, as seen on this book cover[7]


document_title: List of most followed users on Instagram

question_text: who is the most followed person on instagram in the world

text: Top users

text: All-time

text:
Rank
Account name
Owner
Followers (millions)
Profession
Country

1.
@instagram[2]
Instagram
226
Social media platform
 United States

2.
@selenagomez[3]
Selena Gomez
128
Musician and actress

3.
@arianagrande[4]
Ariana Grande
114

4.
@cristiano[5]
Cristiano Ronaldo
112
Footballer
 Portugal

5.
@beyonce[6]
Beyoncé
107
Musician
 United States

6.
@taylorswift[7]
Taylor Swift
103
Musician and Actress

7.
@kimkardashian[8]
Kim Kardashian
103
Reality TV personality

8.
@kyliejenner[9]
Kylie Jenner
98.4

9.
@therock[10]
Dwayne Johnson
94.2
Actor, professional wrestler

10.
@justinbieber[11]
Justin Bieber
92
Musician
 Canada

11.
@kendalljenner[12]
Kendall Jenner
83.8
Model
 United States

12.
@nickiminaj[13]
Nicki Minaj
83.5
Musician
 Trinidad and Tobago

13.
@neymarjr[14]
Neymar
82.2
Footballer
 Brazil

14.
@natgeo[15]
National Geographic
81.7
Magazine
 United States

15.
@leomessi[16]
Lionel Messi
81
Footballer
 Argentina

16.
@nike[17]
Nike
74.6
Sportswear Multinational corporation
 United States

17.
@mileycyrus[18]
Miley Cyrus
72.1
Musician and actress

18.
@khloekardashian[19]
Khloé Kardashian
69.3
Reality TV personality

19.
@jlo[20]
Jennifer Lopez
69.2
Musician and actress

20.
@katyperry[21]
Katy Perry
67.6
Musician

21.
@ddlovato[22]
Demi Lovato
61.2
Musician and actress

22.
@kourtneykardash[23]
Kourtney Kardashian
58.8
Reality TV personality

23.
@victoriassecret[24]
Victoria's Secret
57.1
Lingerie Retailer

24.
@badgalriri[25]
Rihanna
57.1
Musician
 Barbados

25.
@kevinhart4real[26]
Kevin Hart
54.7
Comedian
 United States

26.
@realmadrid[27]
Real Madrid C.F.
53
Football club
 Spain

27.
@fcbarcelona[28]
FC Barcelona
52.4

28.
@theellenshow[29]
The Ellen Show
48.1
Comedian
 United States

29.
@justintimberlake[30]
Justin Timberlake
46.2
Musician and actor

30.
@zendaya[31]
Zendaya
44.7
Actress

31.
@vindiesel[32]
Vin Diesel
44.1
Actor

32.
@shakira[33]
Shakira
42.7
Musician
 Colombia

33.
@9gag[34]
9GAG
42
Social media platform
 Hong Kong

34.
@caradelevingne[35]
Cara Delevingne
40.6
Model and actress
 United Kingdom

35.
@davidbeckham[36]
David Beckham
40.3
Footballer

36.
@chrisbrownofficial[37]
Chris Brown
40.2
Musician
 United States

37.
@emmawatson[38]
Emma Watson
40
Actress
 United Kingdom

38.
@champagnepapi[39]
Drake
37.9
Musician
 Canada

39.
@gigihadid[40]
Gigi Hadid
35.9
Model
 United States

40.
@jamesrodriguez10[41]
James Rodríguez
33.2
Footballer
 Colombia

41.
@kingjames[42]
LeBron James
32.9
Basketballer
 United States

42.
@garethbale11[43]
Gareth Bale
31.4
Footballer
 United Kingdom

43.
@zacefron[44]
Zac Efron
30.6
Actor
 United States

44.
@adele[45]
Adele
30.2
Musician
 United Kingdom

45.
@nikefootball[46]
Nike
30.2
Sportswear Multinational corporation
 United States

46.
@maluma[47]
Maluma
28.7
Musician
 Colombia

47.
@iamzlatanibrahimovic[48]
Zlatan Ibrahimović
28
Footballer
 Sweden

48.
@nasa[49]
NASA
27.7
Government space agency
 United States

49.
@vanessahudgens[50]
Vanessa Hudgens
27
Actress and musician

50.
@ronaldinho[51]
Ronaldinho
26.6
Footballer
 Brazil

As of October 4, 2017

text: By country

text:
Rank
Country
Account name
Owner
Followers (millions)
Profession

1.
 United States
@instagram[2]
Instagram
226
Social media platform

2.
 Portugal
@cristiano[5]
Cristiano Ronaldo
112
Footballer

3.
 Canada
@justinbieber[11]
Justin Bieber
92
Musician

4.
 Trinidad and Tobago
@nickiminaj[13]
Nicki Minaj
83.5

5.
 Brazil
@neymarjr[14]
Neymar
82.2
Footballer

6.
 Argentina
@leomessi[16]
Lionel Messi
81

7.
 Barbados
@badgalriri[25]
Rihanna
57.1
Musician

8.
 Spain
@realmadrid[27]
Real Madrid C.F.
53
Football club

9.
 Colombia
@shakira[33]
Shakira
42.7
Musician

10.
 Hong Kong
@9gag[34]
9GAG
42
Social media platform

11.
 United Kingdom
@caradelevingne[35]
Cara Delevingne
40.6
Model

12.
 Sweden
@iamzlatanibrahimovic[48]
Zlatan Ibrahimović
28
Footballer

13.
 Uruguay
@luissuarez9[52]
Luis Suárez
24.7

14.
 France
@chanelofficial[53]
Chanel
24.2
Clothing Retailer

15.
 Germany
@adidasfootball[54]
Adidas
22.7
Sportswear Multinational corporation

16.
 Indonesia
@ayutingting92[55]
Ayu Ting Ting
22
Musician

17.
 Ireland
@thenotoriousmma[56]
Conor McGregor
20.4
Mixed Martial Artist

18.
 India
@deepikapadukone[57]
Deepika Padukone
19.8
Actress

19.
 Italy
@gucci[58]
Gucci
17.8
Fashion line

As of October 4, 2017


document_title: Clint Eastwood filmography

question_text: what was the last movie that clint eastwood starred in

text: Clint Eastwood filmography

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
Year
Film
Functioned as
Notes

Director
Producer
Music
Actor
Role

1955
Revenge of the Creature

Yes
Lab Technician Jennings
Uncredited; Minor role

1955
Francis in the Navy

Yes
Jonesy
Minor role

1955
Lady Godiva of Coventry

Yes
First Saxon
Uncredited; Minor role

1955
Tarantula

Yes
Jet Squadron Leader
Uncredited; Minor role

1956
Never Say Goodbye

Yes
Will
Uncredited; Minor role

1956
Star in the Dust

Yes
Tom
Uncredited; Minor role

1956
Away All Boats

Yes
Marine Medic
Uncredited; Minor role

1956
First Traveling Saleslady !The First Traveling Saleslady

Yes
Lt. Jack Rice
Minor role

1957
Escapade in Japan

Yes
Dumbo Pilot
Uncredited; Minor role

1958
Lafayette Escadrille

Yes
George Moseley
Minor role

1958
Ambush at Cimarron Pass

Yes
Keith Williams
Secondary role

1964
Fistful of Dollars !A Fistful of Dollars

Yes
Joe
Lead role

1965
For a Few Dollars More

Yes
Monco
Lead role

1966
Good, the Bad and the Ugly !The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

Yes
Blondie
Lead role

1967
The Witches

Yes
Carlone/Charlie
Secondary role

1968
Hang 'Em High

Yes
Jed Cooper
Lead role

1968
Coogan's Bluff

Yes
Walt Coogan
Lead role

1968
Where Eagles Dare

Yes
Lt. Schaffer
Secondary role

1969
Paint Your Wagon

Yes[I]
Yes
Pardner
Secondary role

1970
Two Mules for Sister Sara

Yes
Hogan
Lead role

1970
Kelly's Heroes

Yes
Pvt. Kelly
Lead role

1971
Beguiled !The Beguiled

Yes
John McBurney
Lead role

1971
Dirty Harry

Yes
Harry Callahan
Lead role

1971
Play Misty for Me
Yes

Yes
David Garver
Lead role

1972
Joe Kidd

Yes
Joe Kidd
Lead role

1973
High Plains Drifter
Yes

Yes
The Stranger
Lead role

1973
Breezy
Yes

Yes
Man in Crowd on Pier
Uncredited; Cameo role

1973
Magnum Force

Yes
Harry Callahan
Lead role

1974
Thunderbolt and Lightfoot

Yes
John 'Thunderbolt' Doherty
Lead role

1975
Eiger Sanction !The Eiger Sanction
Yes

Yes
Jonathan Hemlock
Lead role

1976
Outlaw Josey Wales !The Outlaw Josey Wales
Yes

Yes
Josey Wales
Lead role

1976
Enforcer !The Enforcer

Yes
Harry Callahan
Lead role

1977
Gauntlet !The Gauntlet
Yes

Yes
Yes
Ben Shockley
Lead role

1978
Every Which Way but Loose

Yes

Yes
Philo Beddoe
Lead role

1979
Escape from Alcatraz

Yes
Frank Morris
Lead role

1980
Bronco Billy
Yes

Yes[I]
Yes
Bronco Billy McCoy
Lead role

1980
Any Which Way You Can

Yes[I]
Yes
Philo Beddoe
Lead role

1982
Firefox
Yes
Yes

Yes
Mitchell Gant
Lead role

1982
Honkytonk Man
Yes
Yes
Yes[I]
Yes
Red Stovall
Lead role

1983
Sudden Impact
Yes
Yes

Yes
Harry Callahan
Lead role

1984
Tightrope

Yes

Yes
Wes Block
Lead role

1984
City Heat

Yes[I]
Yes
Lt. Speer
Lead role

1985
Pale Rider
Yes
Yes

Yes
Preacher
Lead role

1986
Heartbreak Ridge
Yes
Yes
Yes[II]
Yes
Gunnery Sgt. Thomas 'Gunny' Highway
Lead role

1988
Dead Pool !The Dead Pool

Yes
Harry Callahan
Lead role

1988
Bird
Yes
Yes

1989
Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser

Yes

1989
Pink Cadillac

Yes
Tommy Nowak
Lead role

1990
White Hunter Black Heart
Yes
Yes

Yes
John Wilson
Lead role

1990
Rookie !The Rookie
Yes

Yes
Nick Pulovski
Lead role

1992
Unforgiven
Yes
Yes

Yes
William 'Will' Munny
Lead role

1993
In the Line of Fire

Yes
Secret Service Agent Frank Horrigan
Lead role

1993
Perfect World !A Perfect World
Yes

Yes[III]
Yes
Texas Ranger Red Garnett
Secondary role

1995
Bridges of Madison County !The Bridges of Madison County
Yes
Yes
Yes[III]
Yes
Robert Kincaid
Lead role

1995
Stars Fell on Henrietta !The Stars Fell on Henrietta

Yes

1995
Casper

Yes
Himself
Uncredited; Cameo role

1997
Absolute Power
Yes
Yes
Yes[III]
Yes
Luther Whitney
Lead role

1997
Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil
Yes
Yes

1999
True Crime
Yes
Yes
Yes[II]
Yes
Steve Everett
Lead role

2000
Space Cowboys
Yes
Yes

Yes
Frank Corvin
Lead role

2002
Blood Work
Yes
Yes

Yes
Terry McCaleb
Lead role

2003
Mystic River
Yes
Yes
Yes[IV]

2004
Million Dollar Baby
Yes
Yes
Yes[IV]
Yes
Frankie Dunn
Lead role

2006
Flags of Our Fathers
Yes
Yes
Yes[II][IV]

2006
Letters from Iwo Jima
Yes
Yes

2007
Grace Is Gone

Yes[II][IV]

2008
Changeling
Yes
Yes
Yes[IV]

2008
Gran Torino
Yes
Yes
Yes[II]
Yes
Walt Kowalski
Lead role

2009
Invictus
Yes
Yes

2010
Hereafter
Yes
Yes
Yes

2011
J. Edgar
Yes
Yes
Yes[IV]

2011
Kurosawa's Way

Yes
Himself[5]

2012
Trouble with the Curve

Yes

Yes
Gus Lobel
Lead role

2014
Jersey Boys
Yes
Yes

2014
American Sniper
Yes
Yes

Yes
Church Goer
Uncredited cameo

2016
Sully
Yes
Yes

2017
Indian Horses !Indian Horse

Yes

2018
15:17 to Paris !The 15:17 to Paris
Yes
Yes

2018
A Star Is Born !A Star Is Born

Yes

2019
The Mule !The Mule
Yes
Yes

Yes
Earl Stone
Lead role, filming

text:
^ I Credited for performing a song in the film
^ II Credited for writing song(s) for the film
^ III Credited for composing song(s) for the film
^ IV Credited for original score

text: Television[edit]

text: At the early stages of his acting career, Eastwood played several small roles in episodes for several television shows. This list includes appearances in various episodes of fictional shows, and excludes appearances as himself on talk shows, interview shows, ceremonies, and other related media.

text:
Year
Title
Credited as

Series
Notes
Director
Actor
Role

1955
Allen in Movieland
TV film

Yes
Orderly

1955
Highway Patrol
1 episode: "Motorcycle A"

Yes
Joe Keeley

1956
Death Valley Days
6 episodes

Yes
John Lucas

1957
West Point Story !The West Point Story
1 episode: "White Fury"

Yes

1958
Navy Log
1 episode: "The Lonely Watch"

Yes
Burns

1959
Maverick
1 episode: "Duel at Sundown"

Yes
Red Hardigan

1959–1965
Rawhide
217 episodes[6]

Yes
Rowdy Yates

1962
Mister Ed
1 episode: "Clint Eastwood Meets Mister Ed"

Yes
Himself

1985
Amazing Stories
1 episode: "Vanessa in the Garden"[7]
Yes

2003
Blues !The Blues
1 episode: "Piano Blues"[8]
Yes

2009
Johnny Mercer: The Dream's On Me[9]

Yes
Himself, also executive producer