document_title: Republic Day (India)

question_text: chief guest of india on republic day 2018

text: Republic Day (India)

text: History of Republic Day[edit]

text: India achieved independence from British Raj on 15 August 1947 following the Indian independence movement noted for largely peaceful non-violent resistance and civil disobedience led by Mahatma Gandhi. The independence came through the Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 & 11 Geo 6 c 30), an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth (later Commonwealth of Nations).[2] India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a constitutional monarchy with George VI as head of state and the Earl Mountbatten as governor-general. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935. On 28 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr B R Ambedkar as chairman. While India's Independence Day celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates the coming into force of its constitution. A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Constituent Assembly on 4 November 1947.[3] The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period of two years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand-written copies of the document (one each in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950. Two days later which was on 26 January 1950, it came into effect throughout the whole nation.On that day began Dr. Rajendra Prasad's first term of office as President of the Indian Union. The Constituent Assembly became the Parliament of India under the transitional provisions of the new Constitution.This date is celebrated in India as the Republic Day.

text: Celebrations[edit]

text: The main Republic Day celebration is held in the national capital, New Delhi, at the Rajpath before the President of India. On this day, ceremonious parades take place at the Rajpath, which are performed as a tribute to India; its unity in diversity and rich cultural heritage.

text: Delhi Republic Day parade[edit]

text: Delhi Republic Day parade is held in the capital, New Delhi organised by the Ministry of Defence. Commencing from the gates of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (the President's residence), Raisina Hill on Rajpath past the India Gate, this event is the main attraction of India's Republic Day Celebrations lasting three days. The parade showcases India's Defence Capability, Cultural and Social Heritage.[4]

text: Nine to twelve different regiments of the Indian Army in addition to the Navy, and Air Force with their bands march past in all their finery and official decorations. The President of India who is the Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Armed Forces, takes the salute. Twelve contingents of various para-military forces of India and other civil forces also take part in this parade.[5]

text: Beating Retreat[edit]

text: The Beating Retreat ceremony is held after officially denoting the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day after the Republic Day. It is performed by the bands of the three wings of the military, the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force. The venue is Raisina Hill and an adjacent square, Vijay Chowk, flanked by the North and South block of the Rashtrapati Bhavan (President's Palace) towards the end of Rajpath.[6]

text: The Chief Guest of the function is the President of India who arrives escorted by the (PBG), a cavalry unit. When the President arrives, the PBG commander asks the unit to give the National Salute, which is followed by the playing of the Indian National Anthem, Jana Gana Mana, by the Army. The Army develops the ceremony of display by the massed bands in which Military Bands, Pipe and Drum Bands, Buglers and Trumpeters from various Army Regiments besides bands from the Navy and Air Force take part which play popular tunes like Abide With Me, Mahatma Gandhi's favourite hymn, and Saare Jahan Se Achcha at the end.[7][8][9]

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Buildings on Raisina Hill including Rashtrapati Bhavan, lit up during Republic Day 2008.

Surya Kiran Aerobatics Team displaying tricolor.

Border Security Force personnel on Republic Day.

text: Republic Day parade chief guest[edit]

text: Since 1950, India has been hosting head of state or government of another country as the state guest of honour for Republic Day celebrations in New Delhi. During 1950–1954, Republic Day celebrations were organised at different venues (like Irwin Stadium, Kingsway, Red Fort and Ramlila Grounds). It was only starting 1955 when the parade in its present form was organised at Rajpath.[10] The guest country is chosen after a deliberation of strategic, economic and political interests. During 1950s–1970s, a number of NAM and Eastern Bloc countries were hosted by India. In 1968 and 1974, India played host to two countries on the same Republic Day.

text:
Year
Guest name
Country
Note

1950
President Sukarno[11]
 Indonesia

1951
King Tribhuvan Bir Bikram Shah[12]
   Nepal

1952

1953

1954
King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck[13]
 Bhutan

1955
Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad[14]
 Pakistan
First guest for parade at Rajpath [15]

1956
Chancellor of the Exchequer R. A. Butler
 United Kingdom
Note[1]
Two guests[16]

Chief Justice Kōtarō Tanaka
 Japan

1957
Minister of Defence Georgy Zhukov [17]
 Soviet Union

1958
Marshall Ye Jianying[18]
 China

1959
Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip [19][20][21]
 United Kingdom
2nd invitation

1960
Chairman Kliment Voroshilov[22]
 Soviet Union
2nd invitation

1961
Queen Elizabeth II[23]
 United Kingdom
3rd invitation, Note[2]

1962
Prime Minister Viggo Kampmann[24]
 Denmark
Note[3]

1963
King Norodom Sihanouk[25]
 Cambodia

1964
Chief of Defence Staff Lord Louis Mountbatten [26]
 United Kingdom
4th invitation, Note[4]

1965
Food and Agriculture Minister Rana Abdul Hamid
 Pakistan
2nd invitation

1966
No invitation
No invitation
Note[5]

1967
King Mohammed Zahir Shah [27]
 Afghanistan
Note[6]

1968
Chairman Alexei Kosygin
 Soviet Union
3rd invitation
Two guests[28]

President Josip Broz Tito
 Yugoslavia

1969
Prime Minister Todor Zhivkov[29]
 Bulgaria

1970
King of the Belgians Baudouin[30][31]
 Belgium
Note[7]

1971
President Julius Nyerere[32]
 Tanzania

1972
Prime Minister Seewoosagur Ramgoolam [33]
 Mauritius

1973
President Mobutu Sese Seko[34]
 Zaire

1974
President Josip Broz Tito
 Yugoslavia
2nd invitation
Two guests [35]

Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike
 Sri Lanka

1975
President Kenneth Kaunda[36]
 Zambia

1976
Prime Minister Jacques Chirac[37]
 France

1977
First Secretary Edward Gierek[38]
 Poland

1978
President Patrick Hillery[39]
 Ireland

1979
Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser[40]
 Australia

1980
President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
 France
2nd invitation

1981
President Jose Lopez Portillo[41]
 Mexico

1982
King Juan Carlos I[42]
 Spain

1983
President Shehu Shagari[43]
 Nigeria

1984
King Jigme Singye Wangchuck[44]
 Bhutan
2nd invitation

1985
President Raúl Alfonsín[45]
 Argentina

1986
Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou[46]
 Greece

1987
President Alan Garcia[47]
 Peru

1988
President J. R. Jayewardene[48]
 Sri Lanka
2nd invitation

1989
General Secretary Nguyen Van Linh[49]
 Vietnam

1990
Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth[50]
 Mauritius
2nd invitation

1991
President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom[51]
 Maldives

1992
President Mário Soares[51]
 Portugal

1993
Prime Minister John Major[51]
 United Kingdom
5th invitation

1994
Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong[51]
 Singapore

1995
President Nelson Mandela[52]
 South Africa

1996
President Fernando Henrique Cardoso[51]
 Brazil

1997
Prime Minister Basdeo Panday[51]
 Trinidad and Tobago

1998
President Jacques Chirac[51]
 France
3rd invitation

1999
King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev[51]
   Nepal
2nd invitation

2000
President Olusegun Obasanjo[51]
 Nigeria
2nd invitation

2001
President Abdelaziz Bouteflika[51]
 Algeria

2002
President Cassam Uteem[51]
 Mauritius
3rd invitation

2003
President Mohammed Khatami[51]
 Iran

2004
President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva [51]
 Brazil
2nd invitation

2005
King Jigme Singye Wangchuck[51]
 Bhutan
3rd invitation

2006
King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud[51]
 Saudi Arabia

2007
President Vladimir Putin[51]
 Russia
4th invitation

2008
President Nicolas Sarkozy[51]
 France
4th invitation

2009
President Nursultan Nazarbayev[51]
 Kazakhstan

2010
President Lee Myung Bak[53]
 South Korea

2011
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono[54][55]
 Indonesia
2nd invitation

2012
Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra[56]
 Thailand

2013
King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck[57]
 Bhutan
4th invitation

2014
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe[58]
 Japan
2nd invitation

2015
President Barack Obama[59]
 United States

2016
President François Hollande
 France
5th invitation[60]

2017
Crown Prince Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan[61]
 United Arab Emirates

2018
Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
 Brunei

Ten guests (Heads of ASEAN states)[62]

Prime Minister Hun Sen
 Cambodia
2nd invitation

President Joko Widodo
 Indonesia
3rd invitation

Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith
 Laos

Prime Minister Najib Razak
 Malaysia

State Counsellor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi
 Myanmar

President Rodrigo Roa Duterte
 Philippines

Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
 Singapore
2nd invitation

Prime Minister Prayuth Chan-ocha
 Thailand
2nd invitation

Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc
 Vietnam
2nd invitation

text: Notes[edit]


document_title: List of Call the Midwife episodes

question_text: call the midwife season 7 how many episodes

root

text: List of Call the Midwife episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeriesEpisodesOriginally airedAve. UK viewers(millions)[a]First airedLast aired1615 January 2012 (2012-01-15)19 February 2012 (2012-02-19)10.6128 (+1)25 December 2012 (special)20 January 2013 (2013-01-20)10 March 2013 (2013-03-10)10.4738 (+1)25 December 2013 (special)19 January 2014 (2014-01-19)9 March 2014 (2014-03-09)10.5448 (+1)25 December 2014 (special)18 January 2015 (2015-01-18)8 March 2015 (2015-03-08)10.8258 (+1)25 December 2015 (special)17 January 2016 (2016-01-17)6 March 2016 (2016-03-06)10.5468 (+1)25 December 2016 (special)22 January 2017 (2017-01-22)12 March 2017 (2017-03-12)10.7578 (+1)25 December 2017 (special)21 January 2018 (2018-01-21)11 March 20189.97

tag: table

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series 1 (2012)[edit]

text:
Series 1No.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]1Episode 1Philippa LowthorpeHeidi Thomas15 January 2012 (2012-01-15)9.83
In 1957, Jenny Lee (Jessica Raine) arrives for her new job at Nonnatus House, a nursing convent in the Poplar district of London. The convent is home to a small order of nuns consisting of Sisters Julienne (Jenny Agutter), Evangelina (Pam Ferris), Bernadette (Laura Main), and Monica Joan (Judy Parfitt). Two other midwives, Trixie Franklin (Helen George) and Cynthia Miller (Bryony Hannah), already work at the convent, as does handyman Fred (Cliff Parisi). Jenny also meets local physician Dr Patrick Turner (Stephen McGann). After some initial difficulties fitting in, Jenny's first assigned expectant mother is Conchita Warren, a Spanish woman who already has a huge family. Conchita suffers a concussion in a fall, which also triggers premature labour, making Jenny's first delivery a traumatic and difficult one which she must handle alone.
2Episode 2Philippa LowthorpeHeidi Thomas22 January 2012 (2012-01-22)10.47
New midwife Camilla Fortescue-Cholmondeley-Browne, nicknamed Chummy (Miranda Hart), arrives at the convent to begin work. She hails from an upper-class background and aspires to become a Christian missionary, but finds getting to grips with her new job difficult and Sister Evangelina a harsh critic. While struggling to learn to ride a bicycle (which the midwives use to make their rounds), she encounters local policeman Peter Noakes (Ben Caplan). Meanwhile, Jenny befriends Mary, a pregnant teenaged girl from Ireland, who was forced into prostitution upon her arrival in London but wants to try to make a better life for herself and her child. Ultimately, reflecting the morals of the era, Mary's baby is removed from her after the birth.
3Episode 3Philippa LowthorpeJack Williams29 January 2012 (2012-01-29)10.66
While undertaking district nursing work, Jenny befriends Joe, an elderly former soldier who now lives alone in a run-down, roach-infested flat, in a tenement block which has been condemned. Jenny attempts to revive his spirits by helping him attend an upcoming reunion of his old regiment. Meanwhile, Trixie and Cynthia deal with the case of a woman in her forties who is upset at having become pregnant comparatively late in life, even though her husband is delighted at the prospect. It is later revealed that her reluctance to give birth is because she knows that the child will be dark-skinned, the result of a brief affair. When the child is born, her husband adores the baby nevertheless.
4Episode 4Jamie PayneEsther Wilson5 February 2012 (2012-02-05)10.89
Jenny delivers a baby girl to Shirley Redmond, but soon afterwards the newborn disappears from her pram, leading to a tense and widespread search. Following a hunch, Jenny discovers the child was snatched by Mary, the Irish girl whom she had befriended previously and who was left traumatised by having her own child taken from her. At Jenny's request, the nuns of Nonnatus House petition the police not to prosecute the young runaway. Meanwhile, Cynthia deals with the case of a middle-aged headmaster and his young wife who are expecting their first child, but the couple are devastated when the wife is afflicted by eclampsia.
5Episode 5Jamie PayneHarriet Warner12 February 2012 (2012-02-12)10.42
The nuns and midwives come to the assistance of their cleaner, Peggy, whose brother has been diagnosed with cancer. While caring for him, Jenny learns about how the siblings grew up together in a harsh workhouse and how they developed an incestuous relationship which has persisted ever since. Meanwhile, Fred has acquired a pig and plans to make money by selling its bacon, but he soon discovers the pig is pregnant and can no longer bring himself to raise it for food. He enlists the help of the midwives, who for once must assist in the birth of animals rather than humans.
6Episode 6Jamie PayneHeidi Thomas19 February 2012 (2012-02-19)11.41
Sister Monica Joan, whose mental health has long been a concern, contracts pneumonia after roaming the streets at night in a state of emotional distress and is subsequently arrested for theft and put on trial. Meanwhile, Chummy's mother visits her to pass judgement on PC Noakes, whom the midwife is courting, but the aristocratic but now impoverished Lady Browne clearly does not approve of her daughter's relationship with a working-class man. Desperate to please her mother, Chummy decides that the only course of action is to end her relationship with the policeman. The other midwives convince her to change her mind, and the episode concludes with the couple's wedding.

text: Series 2 (2013)[edit]

text:
Christmas specialNo.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]7Christmas specialPhilippa LowthorpeHeidi Thomas25 December 2012 (2012-12-25)10.18
As it is Nurse Lee's first Christmas in Poplar, she is put in charge of caring for the destitute Mrs Jenkins alongside one of the sisters. Mrs Jenkins mistakes Jenny for her daughter Rosie, whom she lost when admitted to the workhouse. Chummy is busy preparing for the nativity play, which will be performed for the Mayor of Poplar, and all hands are needed to produce the ever growing number of costumes and props needed for the play. Meanwhile, a young teenage girl who helps her mother with her brothers is also secretly pregnant, and when a baby is left at the convent's front door, the infant's mother must be found.

text:
Series 2No.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]8Episode 1Philippa LowthorpeHeidi Thomas20 January 2013 (2013-01-20)10.79
Jenny is assigned a new patient, Molly Brignall, who has an abusive husband, and Jenny must handle the case very carefully. Trixie and Sister Evangelina are called to a foreign cargo ship docked in London and discover that the captain's daughter is about to have a baby after her father has brought her along and allowed various members of the crew to have sex with her as a way of relieving the tensions of the long periods spent at sea.
9Episode 2Roger GoldbyHarriet Warner27 January 2013 (2013-01-27)10.24
A baby delivered by Cynthia dies in mysterious circumstances soon afterwards. The police become involved, and other pregnant women refuse to allow the shy young midwife to attend them, bringing Cynthia to the verge of a breakdown. Chummy's decision to apply to undertake missionary work in Africa leads her to question her priorities. Meanwhile, a chance encounter returns former boyfriend Jimmy to Jenny's life, but she is surprised to find that he has a pregnant girlfriend.
10Episode 3Roger GoldbyHeidi Thomas & John Martin Johnson3 February 2013 (2013-02-03)10.85
Jenny is reluctantly seconded to the London Hospital and finds herself working on the male surgical ward under a stern surgeon with whom she finds herself clashing. In the absence of Jenny and Chummy, a new orderly, the shy and withdrawn Jane Sutton (Dorothy Atkinson), fills in at Nonnatus House. The staff deal with a formidable pair of twins who share a husband; one of them is now pregnant and the other refuses to allow her to be treated by the midwives. Jenny once again crosses paths with Jimmy, who has been hospitalised, and she helps to save his life when the surgeon misdiagnoses him.
11Episode 4Roger GoldbyMark Catley10 February 2013 (2013-02-10)10.42
Back in Poplar, Jenny assists at the birth of a baby boy who is born with spina bifida. His parents cannot come to terms with their son's condition, which also affects Jenny. Meanwhile, the mousy Jane undergoes a somewhat hesitant romance with the Reverend Thornton Applebee-Thornton, an Anglican priest staying at Nonnatus House.
12Episode 5China Moo-YoungHeidi Thomas17 February 2013 (2013-02-17)10.15
Sister Bernadette suffers a crisis as she struggles to come to terms with her burgeoning romantic feelings for Dr Turner. Preparations are underway for the annual summer fete and Trixie volunteers to enlist a celebrity judge for the baby show, but when she secures the services of a top television star, he turns out to have a darker side when he tries to force himself on her. Jenny meets an expectant mother who already has eight children and does not believe she will be able to cope with another. After Jenny's attempts to reassure her fail, she undergoes an illegal abortion which leaves her fighting for her life.
13Episode 6China Moo-YoungJess Williams24 February 2013 (2013-02-24)10.26
Fearing an epidemic of tuberculosis, Dr Turner arranges for a mass X-ray programme to come to Poplar. When Sister Bernadette undergoes a chest X-ray to encourage a reluctant girl, she is devastated to discover that she has the illness. Jenny encounters a dying pub owner who lost almost his entire family to tuberculosis, and must try to reconcile him with his only surviving child.
14Episode 7Minkie SpiroHarriet Warner3 March 2013 (2013-03-03)10.68
Chummy and Peter return to Poplar, revealing the surprise that she is pregnant. Sister Evangelina and Fred try out a new scooter. Jenny tends to a Jamaican immigrant who struggles to deal with racial abuse from her neighbours even as she goes into labour, while Cynthia deals with a diabetic pub owner who bullies his wife. Sister Bernadette comes to a decision about her feelings for Dr Turner.
15Episode 8Minkie SpiroHeidi Thomas10 March 2013 (2013-03-10)10.38
As Chummy and Peter prepare to become parents, Fred has a visit from his daughter Dolly, who also has a baby on the way. Sister Bernadette's health crisis has passed and she will soon be free to leave the sanatorium, but she must now decide whether to return to Nonnatus House or leave the order. Jimmy reappears, accompanied by his handsome colleague Alec, having been tasked by the council to survey the buildings in the area. Alec seems keen on Jenny, and an evening out to a jazz club sees romance blossom. Chummy goes into labour and gives birth to a son whom she names Fred. Sister Bernadette resigns as a nun, and she and Dr Turner become engaged. But there is bad news for the midwives as Nonnatus House is earmarked for demolition.

text: Series 3 (2014)[edit]

text:
Christmas specialNo.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]16Christmas specialThea SharrockHeidi Thomas25 December 2013 (2013-12-25)9.16
Shelagh (formerly Sister Bernadette) agonises over her decision to leave the convent and marry Dr Turner, and when his son Timothy is diagnosed with polio the wedding is called off. Trixie tries to help a patient's husband who has been traumatised by his time fighting in the Korean War. An unexploded German bomb is discovered near the convent, forcing local residents to flee their homes. Ultimately Shelagh and Dr Turner's wedding takes place, but damage caused by the controlled detonation of the bomb advances the demolition of Nonnatus House.

text:
Series 3No.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]17Episode 1Thea SharrockHeidi Thomas19 January 2014 (2014-01-19)11.35
It is now 1959, and the nuns and midwives move into a new Nonnatus House, joined by new arrival Sister Winifred (Victoria Yeates), while Chummy struggles to adjust to life as a housewife. The weekly clinics are also at a new location and it proves hard to raise awareness until Chummy manages to arrange for Princess Margaret to make an official visit. Jenny and Dr Turner find it hard to identify why a mother's two children are regularly ill, but an antique book belonging to Sister Monica Joan unexpectedly provides the clue that leads to a diagnosis of the then little-known condition cystic fibrosis. After delivering a baby in an emergency, Chummy is asked to return to Nonnatus House as a part-time midwife.
18Episode 2Juliet MayHarriet Warner26 January 2014 (2014-01-26)10.83
Jenny is promoted to the position of nursing sister over the more experienced Trixie, which causes resentment between the pair. After attending a lecture by a prominent doctor, Cynthia attempts to introduce more modern approaches to relaxation and pain relief during childbirth, but meets resistance from Sister Evangelina. Ultimately, however, her methods are vindicated when they help a young mother cope with a difficult birth. Jenny deals with Doris, a mother with an aggressive husband whose delivery will reveal her infidelity. She plans to abandon the baby but is persuaded by Jenny to follow the proper procedures for having the infant adopted. Despite their best efforts, Doris' husband discovers her secret, forcing a more hasty and distressing parting between mother and child.
19Episode 3Juliet MayLiz Lake2 February 2014 (2014-02-02)10.55
When the regular midwifery team at HM Prison Holloway is stricken with influenza, Sister Julienne and Trixie are drafted in to cover, and both find the conditions hard to deal with. Sister Julienne becomes involved with Stella Crangle, a heavily pregnant inmate who wishes to better herself and is afraid that after she has given birth the prison authorities will remove her child from her. Sister Julienne and Trixie meet Chaplain Tom Hereward while at the prison. Shelagh and Dr Turner long to start a family and are devastated when it is found that, as a result of her earlier tuberculosis, she is unable to have children. Fred secures theatre tickets as a treat for Chummy's birthday but is left embarrassed when they turn out to be counterfeit.
20Episode 4Juliet MayGabbie Asher and Heidi Thomas9 February 2014 (2014-02-09)10.23
When Jenny's boyfriend Alec invites her to spend the weekend with him in Brighton, she is suspicious of his motives. Soon afterwards, he is involved in an accident at work and, although he initially seems to be recovering, he takes a turn for the worse and dies, leaving Jenny devastated. Sister Winifred helps an elderly Jewish woman who has not left her flat for twelve years. Shelagh attempts to find a new purpose in life by reviving the Poplar Choral Society. Jenny is persuaded to take compassionate leave and go to stay at the nuns' "mother house" for a time.
21Episode 5China Moo-YoungHeidi Thomas16 February 2014 (2014-02-16)10.15
With Jenny away and Sister Julienne taken ill, Shelagh takes over the administration of Nonnatus House and engages the services of new midwife Patsy Mount (Emerald Fennell). The staff are planning a jubilee party to mark the anniversary of Sister Evangelina having taken her final vows, but she is opposed to the celebration. An attempt to contact her family leads to an unwelcome encounter with her brother, an alcoholic derelict. Meanwhile, Sally, a woman with Down's syndrome, living in a residential home, has become pregnant. Her family are angry and believe that one of the staff must have abused her, but it turns out she has formed a relationship with Jacob, another resident at the home. The staff refuse to accept that the couple's relationship is genuine and, after the baby is stillborn, Jacob is removed to another home in Scotland. Jessica Raine retains top billing for this episode, even though she is only seen briefly in a non-speaking role.
22Episode 6China Moo-YoungDamian Wayling23 February 2014 (2014-02-23)10.49
Trixie is delighted when handsome curate Tom Hereward invites her to a cricket match, but is less impressed to find that they are taking a group of Cub Scouts to Clacton-on-Sea in a run-down old bus which breaks down en route. Patsy recognises a patient's mystery ailment as the legacy of a tropical disease contracted in a prisoner-of-war camp in the Far East, and reveals that she grew up in Singapore and was herself in an internment camp during the Second World War. Trixie helps a young couple of Irish runaways from Belfast who are unmarried and expecting their first child. Shelagh and Dr Turner resolve to look into adopting a child. Jessica Raine does not appear at all in this episode.
23Episode 7Minkie SpiroHarriet Warner2 March 2014 (2014-03-02)10.65
Jenny returns to work, but is seconded to the London Hospital, where she finds her approach to patient care hampered by strict regulations. Chummy is surprised to find that her parents have separated, and invites her mother to stay, despite the haughty Lady Browne's disdain for her daughter's lifestyle. Later, Chummy is devastated to learn that her mother is suffering from terminal cancer. Sister Julienne and Cynthia help a young mother who, after giving birth, displays increasingly irrational behaviour, nearly jumping off a bridge with her baby. She is eventually diagnosed with puerperal psychosis and sent to a mental institution for treatment. Shelagh and Dr Turner's plan to adopt a child is threatened when background checks reveal that he spent time in a military mental institution after serving in the Second World War.
24Episode 8Minkie SpiroHeidi Thomas9 March 2014 (2014-03-09)10.09
Shelagh and Dr Turner are approved for adoption and become the parents of a baby girl. Chummy's colleagues rally round as her mother's condition deteriorates and Lady Browne eventually dies peacefully in bed at Chummy's house. The experience has a particular effect on Jenny, who decides that her vocation now lies with caring for the terminally ill, and she resigns from Nonnatus House, leaving midwifery behind to begin a new career as a Marie Curie nurse.

text: Series 4 (2015)[edit]

text:
Christmas specialNo.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]25Christmas specialThaddeus O'SullivanHeidi Thomas25 December 2014 (2014-12-25)9.69
When harsh conditions at a home for unmarried expectant mothers are exposed, Chummy and Patsy are required to take over the running of the home, and later help a young mother decide that she is not as set on giving her baby up for adoption as she had thought. Cynthia wrestles with a calling to become a nun, but an encounter with a former mental hospital inmate helps her to make up her mind and she leaves midwifery behind to become a postulant. Although the character of Jenny was written out at the end of the previous series, Vanessa Redgrave continues to provide voice-overs as "mature" Jenny and appears on-screen for the first time in a framing sequence set in 2005.

text:
Series 4No.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]26Episode 1Thaddeus O'SullivanHeidi Thomas18 January 2015 (2015-01-18)10.55
In 1960, new nurse Barbara Gilbert (Charlotte Ritchie) arrives to take up duties at Nonnatus House, but struggles to make a good first impression, especially when a late-night drinking session with Trixie and Patsy leaves her extremely hungover. Trixie helps a family of four children who are regularly left alone by their mother in conditions of abject squalor, which brings back bad memories of her own childhood. Impressed by the qualities she displays in dealing with the situation, her boyfriend Tom asks her to marry him. Sister Evangelina finally seeks help for pains which have been troubling her for some time. Chummy temporarily leaves Nonnatus House to take over as matron of the mother and baby home.
27Episode 2Juliet MayHeidi Thomas25 January 2015 (2015-01-25)10.98
Another new nurse, Phyllis Crane (Linda Bassett), joins the staff at Nonnatus House and infuriates the staff, especially Sister Evangelina, with her officious manner. Sister Julienne is delighted when a rich benefactor resolves to leave a legacy to the convent, but finds herself tormented when it is revealed that it is a man, Charles Newgarden (Nicholas Farrell), with whom she shared a romantic relationship 30 years earlier. Barbara and Patsy are both devastated when they deliver a stillborn child to a young Trinidadian mother, but everyone is delighted when her labour continues and a healthy twin is born. Trixie's obsession with organising an extravagant engagement party threatens to drive a wedge between her and Tom.
28Episode 3Juliet MayHarriet Warner1 February 2015 (2015-02-01)11.07
The community is outraged and opinions divided at Nonnatus House when an expectant father is charged with gross indecency after being caught committing homosexual acts (at the time illegal in the United Kingdom). He is ordered to undergo hormone treatment, and the couple are despised and shunned by neighbours. Phyllis investigates when she realises that an impoverished Irish immigrant woman has lied about where she lives. Dr Turner and Shelagh are able to trace the source of an outbreak of dysentery to a food delivery service.
29Episode 4Amy NeilDamian Wayling8 February 2015 (2015-02-08)10.92
After an encounter with a young prostitute who is both pregnant and infected with syphilis, Sister Winifred attempts to spread the message of safe sex among the prostitutes of the neighbourhood. Barbara deals with a man who is so desperate to have a son to inherit the family business that he will not accept his wife delivering a daughter.  Sister Monica Joan finds a new sense of purpose when she is unexpectedly forced to assist Shelagh with a birth. After learning that Tom will be assigned to a lower-class, very far-off parish in Newcastle, Trixie breaks off her engagement to him, passing out after consuming a large amount of alcoholic drink to cope, forcing an exhausted Barbara to serve as midwife in her third delivery of the day.
30Episode 5Dominic LeclercCarolyn Bonnyman15 February 2015 (2015-02-15)11.27
When a baby suffers two fractures in mysterious circumstances, suspicion falls on his parents, who are Christian Scientists and hesitant against any medical treatment. Dr Turner arranges for the child to be taken into care, but later realises that the baby actually has osteogenesis imperfecta, a rare bone disease. The doctor's guilt over the unnecessary suffering he has put the parents through, combined with overwork, drives him to illness. Shelagh attempts to take over running the surgery, but is not taken seriously until she dons a nurse's uniform. Barbara endeavours to help a Sylheti (Bengali) woman whose pregnancy is complicated by the fact that she cannot speak English and has diphtheria. Cynthia, now Sister Mary Cynthia, returns to Nonnatus House.
31Episode 6Dominic LeclercHeidi Thomas22 February 2015 (2015-02-22)10.53
Sister Mary Cynthia befriends a group of Irish Travellers camped on a bombsite, but things become complicated when one of the women goes into labour just as police arrive to evict the travellers from the site. When an unwed, diabetic teenage girl finds she is pregnant, she is advised to have a termination due to the potential complications that her diabetes may cause. Rather than lose her baby, she goes on the run with her boyfriend, but without a supply of insulin she becomes dangerously ill, and her boyfriend must act quickly to save her life.
32Episode 7Darcia MartinHarriet Warner1 March 2015 (2015-03-01)10.57
Two former school friends give birth at the maternity home on the same day, but in the confusion of a fire evacuation Sister Evangelina accidentally switches the babies. When the mistake is revealed, the two sets of parents have differing views on how the situation should be resolved. An elderly couple who have not been apart since the war must face separation when one is diagnosed with cancer. Fred proposes to shopkeeper Violet, while Patsy must conceal her relationship with nurse Delia.
33Episode 8Darcia MartinHeidi Thomas8 March 2015 (2015-03-08)10.64
Chummy returns to Nonnatus House. Trixie helps a deaf patient who is concerned that her child may inherit her condition. A patient whose severe sickness is initially dismissed as mere nerves is diagnosed with the serious condition hyperemesis gravidarum but treated with the revolutionary drug thalidomide. Fred's daughter Marlene's interference causes his relationship with Violet to flounder, but with the help of Chummy, the couple are reunited and marry. Patsy is heartbroken when Delia is left with amnesia following a traffic accident and has no recollection of her. Trixie admits that she is an alcoholic and joins an alcoholic support group with the help of Sister Mary Cynthia.

text: Series 5 (2016)[edit]

text:
Christmas specialNo.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]34Christmas specialJuliet MayHeidi Thomas25 December 2015 (2015-12-25)10.13
The BBC plan to televise a carol service from Poplar, but Shelagh's plans for the event are thrown into chaos when the children's choir she has organised is quarantined due to a measles outbreak. Following an argument, Sister Monica Joan goes missing, and when a body is found in the river the nuns fear the worst. This proves to be a false alarm, however, and the elderly nun is eventually tracked down at the now-abandoned country house which had been her childhood home. A partly-recovered Delia re-enters Patsy's life.

text:
Series 5No.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]35Episode 1Syd MacartneyHeidi Thomas17 January 2016 (2016-01-17)10.40
It is now 1961. When a baby is born with severe deformities, the midwives find it difficult to handle the situation, and the baby's father rejects her completely, to his wife's dismay. Trixie's new sideline as a keep fit instructor brings her into conflict with Sister Julienne, and she also becomes suspicious of the relationship between Barbara and Tom. Rather than return to Wales as her mother wishes, Delia is invited to move into Nonnatus House.
36Episode 2Syd MacartneyHarriet Warner24 January 2016 (2016-01-24)10.44
Sister Evangelina's vocal opposition to mothers using formula milk causes a young woman who is unable to breastfeed to doubt her abilities as a mother and places her baby in danger through dehydration. In the aftermath of the incident Sister Evangelina asks to temporarily leave Nonnatus House to spend time with an enclosed order. Barbara is caught between an expectant mother and her husband, who is accused of being workshy. When it is discovered that he is actually terminally ill, his wife begs to have her baby induced before her husband dies. Phyllis develops feelings for a man she met at an evening class, drives him on a country outing, but is shocked to find that he has concealed from her that he has a wife with dementia.
37Episode 3Sheree FolksonCarolyn Bonnyman31 January 2016 (2016-01-31)10.16
A new mother is diagnosed with typhoid, stirring up uncomfortable memories for Patsy, whose mother and sister died of the disease in a prisoner of war camp. Eventually, the young woman's grandmother is revealed to be a carrier of the disease, a situation which she struggles to accept. A young teacher, pregnant by a married man, loses her home and her job and is driven by desperation to attempt to abort her own baby, at the time a crime. Barbara agonises over whether to tell Trixie that she has been invited to have dinner with Tom.
38Episode 4Sheree FolksonHeidi Thomas7 February 2016 (2016-02-07)10.57
A bright young man is delighted to gain a place at university, but his plans are complicated when his girlfriend discovers that she is pregnant, and he must decide what is the right thing to do. Sister Julienne is seconded to a hospital and witnesses another baby born with very severe birth defects. When the baby dies before its mother has even seen it, Sister Julienne must decide whether her faith permits her to conceal the truth about the birth from the mother. Meanwhile, Dr Turner and Shelagh begin to search for a cause for the birth defects. Trixie and Tom finally come to terms with the end of their engagement, and she gives her blessing to his relationship with Barbara.
39Episode 5Lisa ClarkeHarriet Warner14 February 2016 (2016-02-14)10.23
When Phyllis' car breaks down on the way to a delivery, Delia must talk a young mother through her home birth over the telephone. Subsequently the mother begins to display erratic behaviour and finally goes missing. Phyllis learns of the young woman's past as a prostitute and, after tracking her down, tries to convince her that she does indeed deserve her new life. After reading up on new schools of thought linking cigarettes to cancer, Timothy Turner resorts to shock tactics to stop his parents' smoking habit. When Violet is incapacitated, Fred takes over running her shop, with disastrous results.
40Episode 6Lisa ClarkeHeidi Thomas21 February 2016 (2016-02-21)10.23
Thora, a middle-aged woman, is pretending to be pregnant in order to conceal the fact that her unmarried daughter is expecting a baby. The Turners go on holiday, necessitating the appointment of a locum doctor. When the locum gives bad advice over the phone to Thora, she unwittingly places her daughter's life in danger. Trixie has to use all her skill to save the situation, and Thora is left coming to terms with the consequences of concealing secrets. A number of violent assaults take place on women in Poplar, and Sister Mary Cynthia becomes the latest victim. Traumatised at first, she eventually finds the strength to lead the police to the attacker.
41Episode 7Darcia MartinHeidi Thomas28 February 2016 (2016-02-28)10.80
Patsy assists Daisy and her family of itinerant barge-dwellers, who eschew many of the trappings of modern society. When Daisy rejects the opportunity to give birth at the maternity home after accusing Patsy of meddling, Patsy must deliver the baby on a barge at the height of a violent storm. The advent of the release of the contraceptive pill causes a dilemma for Sister Julienne, who worries about the moral implications. A young man who was compelled to marry his girlfriend when she became pregnant and is distant from her comes into his own as a husband and father when his wife is stricken with a potentially fatal condition. Sister Evangelina returns to the convent but reveals that she has suffered a stroke.
42Episode 8Darcia MartinHeidi Thomas6 March 2016 (2016-03-06)11.46
The Turners receive the news that the drug thalidomide, which the doctor had regularly prescribed for women suffering from morning sickness, has been withdrawn after being linked with birth deformities of the kind observed in recent months in Poplar. He must deal with his own guilt as he and Shelagh, with the help of Phyllis and Patsy, begin an effort to link the drug to the affected patients. A young man, recently returned to Poplar, makes haste to marry his Australian fiancee before the arrival of their baby, who is born at the couple's reception. After a brief return to work and struggles with her health, Sister Evangelina has a second stroke and dies, leaving the Nonnatus House community devastated and the people of the East End lining up to pay their respects.

text: Series 6 (2017)[edit]

text:
Christmas specialNo.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]43Christmas specialSyd MacartneyHeidi Thomas25 December 2016 (2016-12-25)10.34
Most of the Nonnatus House staff travel to a tiny rural mission hospital in South Africa, which is threatened with closure. There they hold a well-attended oral polio vaccination clinic. They find the health of the patients severely threatened by a dwindling and dirty water supply, and must try to convince a local land-owner with a grudge against the establishment to allow a new life-saving pipeline to run across his farm.  They also must deliver a baby out in the bush when their only lorry breaks down, and cope with a distraught woman with false pregnancy, and a polio patient who was carried all day on his brother's back. When the hospital's only doctor is herself hospitalised with a life-threatening illness, it falls to Trixie to deliver a baby by Caesarean section. Tom proposes to Barbara and the couple get engaged.

text:
Series 6No.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]44Episode 1Sheree FolksonHeidi Thomas22 January 2017 (2017-01-22)10.40
Returning from South Africa (with the exception of Trixie, who is to remain at the clinic for two months), the staff are surprised to find that the stern Sister Ursula (Harriet Walter) has been placed in charge of Nonnatus House, with Sister Julienne relegated to lesser duties. Phyllis helps a mother who is desperate to escape her violent husband. Concerns are raised for the mental health of Sister Mary Cynthia, and she is sent away to the mother house. Shelagh learns she is expecting a baby, while Patsy receives a letter from Hong Kong informing her that her father is terminally ill.
45Episode 2Sheree FolksonHarriet Warner29 January 2017 (2017-01-29)10.57
Sister Ursula's strict rule at Nonnatus House continues, and she comes into conflict with both Patsy and Sister Winifred when she dictates that the staff should not become emotionally involved with patients. Shelagh is caught up in the aftermath of an explosion at a warehouse, along with former army nurse Valerie Dyer (Jennifer Kirby), and subsequently campaigns for better facilities for the workmen, with the help of a young father who was injured in the blast and fears he has been blinded before he even got to see his child. Phyllis begins to realise the extent of Patsy's relationship with Delia. Patsy helps an expectant mother who faces the prospect of a difficult birth due to her achondroplasia, and the case makes her realise that she needs to tend to her dying father, prompting her to leave for Hong Kong.
46Episode 3James LarkinCarolyn Bonnyman5 February 2017 (2017-02-05)11.03
Proposed government reforms to the way maternity care is provided mean that Dr Turner and Shelagh must prepare for an inspection of the maternity home and face the prospect of its closure. During the inspection, Shelagh is rushed to the hospital due to complications with her own pregnancy. Sister Ursula's latest edict at Nonnatus House is that the midwives must spend no longer than 20 minutes at each appointment.  Under pressure due to the time limit, Barbara fails to notice that a baby is suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning due to a faulty water heater, and the baby is rushed to hospital with her life in the balance. Chastened by the incident and the effect of her attempted reforms, Sister Ursula returns to the mother house, restoring Sister Julienne to the helm at Nonnatus House. Trixie returns from South Africa, but, having stayed at the mother house during her journey home, expresses concerns that Sister Mary Cynthia was not there.
47Episode 4James LarkinHeidi Thomas12 February 2017 (2017-02-12)10.86
An expectant mother struggling with debt since her husband left her decides that the solution to her problems is to give her baby to her childless cousin. However, when the child arrives she finds she cannot part with it.  The incident has a particular impact on Tom, who reveals that he himself was adopted.  Shelagh and Dr Turner face an anxious wait for news on their baby's condition, but when they hear the baby's heartbeat, they are relieved to learn that it is still alive. Sister Julienne secures funding to recruit a new midwife, but the search proves fruitless until she remembers former army nurse Valerie Dyer, who happily accepts the job.
48Episode 5Lisa ClarkAndrea Gibb19 February 2017 (2017-02-19)11.29
Fred's cousin Ivy dies, leaving behind her son, Reggie, a 21-year-old with Down's syndrome. Fred and Violet take him in, but realising that his living with them indefinitely would be impractical, must decide whether the best option would be to commit him to a mental institution.  While visiting the austere Linchmere Hospital, Fred and Sister Monica Joan are shocked to find Sister Mary Cynthia a patient there.  They then find a much friendlier facility that offers gardening therapy and place Reggie there instead. Inspired by an expectant mother with very poor dental hygiene, Dr Turner spearheads a programme to improve the teeth of the borough's residents, during which Trixie is introduced to handsome dentist Christopher Dockerill (Jack Hawkins).
49Episode 6Lisa ClarkLouise Ironside26 February 2017 (2017-02-26)10.82
Sister Mary Cynthia is released from the mental institution and returns to Nonnatus House.  Her mental health issues persist, however, and she is eventually sent to the gentler Northfield Hospital near Birmingham. Valerie deals with the case of a woman from Somaliland, who was subjected to female genital mutilation as a child, leading to a complicated birth and a clash of cultures over the practice. Tensions run high during the Cuban missile crisis.
50Episode 7Syd MacartneyHeidi Thomas5 March 2017 (2017-03-05)10.40
Rhoda and Bernie Mullucks, whose daughter Susan was born with severely deformed limbs due to the effects of thalidomide, investigate the possibility of her being fitted with artificial limbs, but the experience causes tensions in their own relationship. Driving back from a successful delivery, Phyllis knocks over one of the family's other children with her car and is left devastated by the possible consequences. Trixie suspects that Christopher is seeing another woman, but learns that he actually has a child from a prior marriage, which he had not previously disclosed. In return for his revelation, she reveals to him her own struggles with alcoholism. Delia learns that Patsy's father has died in Hong Kong.
51Episode 8Syd MacartneyHeidi Thomas12 March 2017 (2017-03-12)10.64
Barbara is distraught that her vicar father has accepted a missionary post overseas and will not be able to officiate at her wedding, so she brings the date forward and her friends rally round to help her organise the event in just three weeks. Shelagh gives birth to a baby boy. A mother who has been taking the contraceptive pill without her husband's knowledge develops a pulmonary embolism and dies, sparking concerns about the safety of the medication. Trixie agrees to meet Christopher's daughter, Alexandra. Patsy returns from Hong Kong and pledges her love for Delia.

text: Series 7 (2018)[edit]

text:
Christmas specialNo.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]52Christmas specialSyd MacartneyHeidi Thomas25 December 2017 (2017-12-25)10.38
The exceptionally harsh winter of 1962–63 causes disruption for the residents of Poplar.  Valerie seeks to reassure an unmarried expectant mother that her partner, who is not the father, will be able to love the baby as his own. But Valerie delivers the baby one month premature which she believes is stillborn, leaving all three grieving.  On her way back to Nonnatus House, however, she discovers that the baby is actually alive.  The death of a local man leads Sister Julienne to discover a dark history of emotional, physical and sexual abuse that have split the family. Tom and Barbara depart for Birmingham after he is appointed to a temporary post there. Meanwhile, Shelagh is forced to return to work as the weather increases pressure on Nonnatus and the practice.

text:
Series 7No.overallEpisodeDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions) [12]53Episode 1Syd MacartneyHeidi Thomas21 January 2018 (2018-01-21)9.87
With Barbara away and Patsy and Delia having also departed, young Jamaican midwife Lucille Anderson (Leonie Elliott) joins the staff at Nonnatus House.  Phyllis crosses swords with formidable policeman Sergeant Woolf while handling the case of an elderly woman who is dying of cancer but refuses to leave her house even as the street around her is demolished.  Handling the case of a single mother helps Trixie come to terms with the fact that boyfriend Christopher wishes to take their relationship further.
54Episode 2Claire WinyardLouise Ironside28 January 2018 (2018-01-28)9.46
Lucille experiences bigotry because of her West Indian background, and when a young woman unexpectedly suffers a stroke shortly after giving birth, her domineering mother blames Lucille.  An expectant mother wishes her husband to be present at the birth, but he refuses.  When his wife goes into labour, however, he must assist with the birth.  The arrival of a beautiful young Hungarian au pair, Magda, shakes up the Turners' household.
55Episode 3Claire WinyardKelly Jones4 February 2018 (2018-02-04)10.01
An expectant mother is diagnosed with the degenerative neurological disorder Huntington's disease, and quickly deteriorates to the point where she is unable to look after her children. Magda is shocked to discover that she is pregnant; after reading the Turners' medical books, she steals ergometrine from Nonnatus House in an attempt to induce an abortion, but puts her own life in danger. Fred and Violet organise a charity beauty contest. Concerned for his young daughter, Trixie ends her relationship with Christopher and turns to drink once again.
56Episode 4Rebecca JohnsonLauren Klee & Heidi Thomas11 February 2018 (2018-02-11)10.27
A Pakistani woman is aghast to find that, during a return to Pakistan, her husband has taken a second wife, a teenager who is now expecting a baby.  Unable to have children herself, she is initially resentful of the second wife, but comes to her assistance when the young woman finds motherhood difficult.  Sister Monica Joan is diagnosed with cataracts and risks losing her sight, but refuses to have an operation until Fred persuades her otherwise. Trixie's personal problems continue to increase and she is granted a leave of absence for six months.
57Episode 5Rebecca JohnsonHelen Blakeman18 February 2018 (2018-02-18)10.04
Rumours that a newly arrived sailor from Nigeria is suffering from smallpox cause panic in the community, and he hides away in fear and shame.  After determining that he instead has leprosy, the midwives find a place for him to receive healing care in a residential facility.  Lucille endeavours to assist a pregnant woman who has developed a phobia of giving birth after an earlier traumatic delivery.  Tom and Barbara return to Poplar.
58Episode 6Emma SullivanLouise Ironside25 February 2018 (2018-02-25)10.06
An Irish family with two children and a third on the way arrive in Poplar to take over the newsagent's shop, but the husband is killed in a car crash. When the shop is damaged by a fire, Barbara and Fred lead efforts to get the family back on their feet.  Valerie and Lucille lead health and relationship classes for teen girls at the youth club, but a stern mother complains about the sexual education.  When Valerie digs deeper, she finds that the mother's attitude is coloured by her own sister's promiscuous behaviour in her teenage years. Valerie helps the mother track down her sister, who had been committed to an asylum. After complaining of a cold, Barbara is rushed to hospital with suspected septicemia. Meanwhile, Sister Monica Joan undergoes successful cataract surgery but must endure an annoying, talkative roommate in hospital.
59Episode 7Syd MacartneyAndrea Gibb4 March 2018 (2018-03-04)10.12
Barbara's condition is diagnosed as meningococcal septicemia.  At first she seems to be making a recovery, but she subsequently begins to deteriorate and dies, leaving everyone devastated. Dr Turner assists at a remand home, where he encounters a teenaged car thief, who is the same age as Timothy, but has a pregnant wife. Dr Turner tries to help him plead his case in court and later to cope in prison to overcome depression and bullying by other inmates.
60Episode 8Syd MacartneyHeidi Thomas11 March 2018 (2018-03-11)9.56
The staff all find the aftermath of Barbara's funeral hard to handle, and Valerie tries to aid a grieving Tom by organising Barbara's things to give away. They find comfort in organising a birthday celebration for Sister Monica Joan, but their joy is interrupted by the assassination of U.S. President John F. Kennedy. An expectant mother prepares for single motherhood after leaving her philandering husband, but she is distraught to learn that her widowed father has been in a long-term relationship with a man — who is now suffering from dementia and must move in.

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ The fourth series onward are based on 28-day data rather than 7-day data.

tag: ol


document_title: Bob's Burgers

question_text: who does the voice for bob in bob's burgers

question_tokens: who does the voice for bob in bob 's burgers

text: Bob's Burgers

text: Plot[edit]

text: The show centers on the Belcher family—Bob, Linda, and their children Tina, Gene, and Louise; who run a hamburger restaurant on Ocean Avenue in an unnamed seaside community (informally known as "Seymour's Bay" among the show's writing staff).[11] While series creator Loren Bouchard has said that the show's location was an indeterminate Northeastern United States shore town (calling the setting a "semi-Springfield)",[12] some critics, particularly after the episode "It Snakes a Village", have deduced that the unidentified setting appears to actually be southern New Jersey.[13]

tag: p

text: Bob's Burgers is located in a green two-story building which features an apartment on the second floor where Bob and his family reside. The restaurant is sandwiched between two other commercial buildings, one of which houses "It's Your Funeral Home and Crematorium", whose owner Mort is a regular at the restaurant. One of the show's running gags involves the other building, which is generally vacant during episodes but has been home to such businesses as "Uncle Marty's Breast Pumps", "Extra Moist Yoga", "That's A-Door-A-Bell Doorbells", and "Tire-Rhea".

text: Success is not easy, as Bob must compete with several other eateries for business. His biggest rival is Jimmy Pesto's Pizzeria, which is located right across the street. It attracts many more customers than Bob's Burgers, creating tension between the two owners. Jimmy particularly enjoys humiliating Bob, an example being when he got a higher score on an arcade machine than Bob, who had rented the game, and taunted him by putting "BOB SUX" as his initials. The hatred between Bob and Jimmy Pesto is full of humor as although they dislike each other very much, Bob's daughter, Tina, shows obsessive interest toward Pesto's son, Jimmy Jr. However, it is often unclear how Jimmy Jr. feels toward Tina, although he always tries to get her back when she strays. He approves of her erotic friend fiction, starring himself, in "Bad Tina", but tends to forget they are dating because he is always occupied with activities, such as spending time with best friend and wrestling buddy, Zeke, and dancing by himself.[clarification needed]

text: Bob's restaurant also has seen its fair share of bad luck. For example, in the show's opening, the property falls victim to a fire, an infestation of vermin, and a broken front window caused by a car knocking down a utility pole. In spite of all this, Bob does have a small but loyal group of regular customers, including the aforementioned Mort and Teddy, the local handyman.

text: Characters[edit]

text: The Belcher family runs a hamburger restaurant. Bob is the restaurant's owner and husband to the fun-loving and happy-go-lucky Linda. Their three children are Tina, the oldest, Gene, the only boy, and Louise, the youngest. All three kids help out around the restaurant to some extent. Louise is somewhat of a precocious menace and an instigator of many of the debacles that face the Belcher family. Tina is awkward, but full of heart, and muddles her way through her pubescent experiences, such as leg waxing and strong fixations on neighborhood boys. Gene is the more light hearted goofball type and aspires to be a great musician. His musical numbers are often featured throughout the show, though Linda is very musical herself. One of her songs from Episode 5 Season 3, "An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal," gained so much popularity that it was covered by the band The National.[14] Of all the musical numbers throughout the first three seasons however, the show's writers dub "Electric Love" as the best musical number so far. This song is written by Gene and featured in the episode "Topsy" from season 3.[15]

text: There are various recurring characters in the series including Jimmy Pesto, Sr., Bob's rival who owns a pizzeria across the street, and his sons Jimmy Jr. (Tina's love interest) and hyperactive twins Andy and Ollie, who are friends of Louise. Other recurring characters include the aforementioned Mort and Teddy, as well as Linda's eccentric sister Gayle, and the Belchers' sometimes-meddling landlord, Calvin Fischoeder.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
13
January 9, 2011 (2011-01-09)
May 22, 2011 (2011-05-22)

2
9
March 11, 2012 (2012-03-11)
May 20, 2012 (2012-05-20)

3
23
September 30, 2012 (2012-09-30)
May 12, 2013 (2013-05-12)

4
22
September 29, 2013 (2013-09-29)
May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18)

5
21
October 5, 2014 (2014-10-05)
May 17, 2015 (2015-05-17)

6
19
September 27, 2015 (2015-09-27)
May 22, 2016 (2016-05-22)

7
22
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
June 11, 2017 (2017-06-11)

8
TBA
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
TBA

text: Production[edit]

text: Creator Loren Bouchard said Bob's Burgers came about because Fox's animation brand centers mostly on family, but he also wanted to dabble in workplace comedy.[16] The show has generally been viewed as a spiritual successor to King of the Hill, which carried less emphasis on shock comedy and focused more on character-driven humor; Bob's Burgers executive producer Jim Dauterive worked on King of the Hill for nearly its entire run.[17]

text: Proof of concept[edit]

text: Before the show was aired, the team created a proof of concept so Fox Broadcasting Company knew what to expect if they bought the show. Jay Howell had his art featured in a test animation based on Bob forgetting about his and Linda's wedding anniversary. The actual show has never used a word that needed to be censored by the network. The proof of concept eventually turned into the pilot episode. It had the same synopsis as the official pilot (aired in 2011) but had both cosmetic and substantial differences. These included:

text:
Cruder animation
Character models having longer noses
Bob wears a white tank top/singlet (in the series he wears a white T-shirt)
The eldest child is male, and called Daniel. In the broadcast pilot, Tina's dialogue is almost the same as Daniel's and the voice characterization by Dan Mintz is the same, despite being changed to a female character.
The intro had slower animation due to budget
Extra dialogue and plot elements were added to the pilot: a scene where the community reacts badly to the restaurant's health safety alert and Bob confronts Hugo about it, and a denouement wrapping up plot elements.
This extra material expanded the running time from thirteen and a half minutes to twenty-one and a half minutes.

tag: ul

text: The original pilot can be seen on the DVD release of the first season, released on April 17, 2012.[18]

text: Development[edit]

text: Bob's Burgers first appeared on the development slate at Fox on August 6, 2009.[19] On December 1, 2009, Fox ordered 13 episodes for the first season.[20] On May 17, 2010, Fox placed the series on the primetime slate for the 2010–11 television season.[21] A special preview aired on Thanksgiving on November 25, 2010.[22]

text: Executive producers[edit]

text: Creator Loren Bouchard serves as the executive producer, alongside developer Jim Dauterive. They have served as executive producers since the first season. Dan Fybel and Rich Rinaldi were promoted to executive producers during season 6.

text: Writing[edit]

text: The team of writers includes Loren Bouchard, Jim Dauterive, Scott Jacobson, Lizzie Molyneux, Wendy Molyneux, Holly Schlesinger, Nora Smith, Steven Davis, Kelvin Yu, Dan Fybel, Rich Rinaldi, and Jon Schroeder. Past writers on the show include Kit Boss, Aron Abrams and Mike Benner. H. Jon Benjamin, Rachel Hastings, Justin Hook, Dan Mintz, and Mike Olsen have also written or co-written episodes. After the writing has been completed, the voice actors read the script as written, but later are allowed to improvise lines. The editors and writer decide what improvised lines make the final cut.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text: Bob's Burgers has five main cast members: H. Jon Benjamin as Bob Belcher, John Roberts as Linda Belcher, Dan Mintz as Tina Belcher, Eugene Mirman as Gene Belcher, and Kristen Schaal as Louise Belcher.[23]

text: Hallmarks[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Opening sequence[edit]

text: The components of a burger fall into place on a white screen, and Bob's hands appear underneath to hold it. The other family members appear around him one at a time, beginning with Linda and ending with Louise. Linda puts her arm around Bob, Tina stands there expressionless, Gene plays a sound effect on his keyboard, and Louise poses for the camera. The restaurant then materializes behind them and the neighboring businesses slide into place, with a funeral parlor at screen left, and the street slides into view in front. A "Grand Opening" banner is placed over the door, followed by a series of mishaps. First, the restaurant catches on fire. Then, vermin come running toward the restaurant as an exterminator pulls up in a van. Lastly, a car crashes into the utility pole next to the funeral home, which causes the pole to fall through the front window of the restaurant. A new banner is hung up after each event: "Grand Re-Opening," "Grand Re-Re-Opening," and finally "Grand Re-Re-Re-Opening." The camera then zooms in on the burger Bob is holding, and the view fades in to the start of the episode.

text: As with other Fox animated series such as Futurama, The Simpsons and American Dad!, the show employs the "changing element" running gag in its opening credits. The gag present on Bob's Burgers involves the store located to the right of the restaurant, which has a new, humorously named client in every episode (such as "Betty's Machetes" in "Purple Rain-Union"). Additionally, beginning with Season 2, the pest control van in the sequence has the name of a different company on each episode; the van read "Rat's all Folks! Exterminators" on all episodes of Season 1. On certain episodes, an element is changed for a special night (a flash frame saying "HAPPY HALLOWEEN" was shown during the title sequence of "Fort Night").

text: In an article written by the writers of the show ranking the best 10 musical numbers of the first three seasons, it is explained by show creator and theme composer Loren Bouchard that the ukulele track heard in the theme is an edited version of the first recording he did as well as the first take in 2008. Bouchard explains that if the EQ is taken off the original track, there is noise audible from the nightclub below the apartment he was living in when he recorded the theme.[15]

text: Credits sequence[edit]

text: The credits sequence of Bob's Burgers often features the Belcher family at work. The scene is the kitchen of Bob's Burgers drawn with a black outline over a white background and the characters in full color, with the credits off to the right hand side. The sequence consists of Bob cooking a burger and Louise and Tina doing prep. Bob places the burger on the plate for Louise to give to Linda, who takes it from the window, and a few seconds later Gene walks through the kitchen wearing his burger costume.

text: Although the kitchen scene is still the main closing sequence the show uses, beginning in season two the producers began to use different elements from the show in the credits. Some examples:

text:
In "Ear-sy Rider", the kids ride their bikes down a highway.
In "Full Bars", Bob and Linda fool around in the kitchen in their Halloween costumes.
In "An Indecent Thanksgiving Proposal", Linda performs a song she came up with for Thanksgiving, and annoys Bob with it while he is trying to work.
In "Broadcast Wagstaff School News", Gene, who was given a makeover to resemble Bob, stands next to Bob at the grill. They shoot each other disapproving looks.
In "O.T.: The Outside Toilet", the family works while Gene hugs the titular toilet.
In "Mother Daughter Laser Razor", Linda and Louise play Lazer Tag and Gene walks through wearing no pants.
In "The Belchies", "Topsy", and "It Snakes a Village", as well as some other episodes, an extended musical ending revisiting a song or sequence from earlier closes the show.

text: Other times, the scene will play out as usual, but with something from the episode going on in the background, etc. For instance:

text:
In "Moody Foodie", deli owner Reggie dances around like Michael Madsen in Reservoir Dogs.
In "Bad Tina" and "Seaplane!", Tina performs actions she imagined herself doing during the course of the episode.
In "Burgerboss", the entire scene is animated to look like a video game.
In "Nude Beach", several customers are nudists from the aforementioned beach.
In "The Equestranauts", Bob works while wearing his Equestranaut costume and Tina plays with one of her Equestranaut toys. The theme song to the fictional TV series that gave the episode its title is played, with everyone except Bob singing along.
In "Best Burger", everybody except Bob has chocolate covering their faces, implying that they all went to the "hot fudge car wash" at the food festival where most of the episode took place.
In "A River Runs Through Bob", Tina performs the Thundergirls anthem and Bob is attacked by squirrels, revisiting elements from earlier in the episode.
In "Broadcast Wagstaff School News", the subplot of the episode involving Gene being made up to look like his father sees Bob and Gene working the grill to each other's annoyance.
In "Dawn of the Peck", Bob sings and dances to Donna Summer's "Love Is In Control" while he works.

text: Daily special[edit]

text: Every episode features one or more "Today's Special" burgers on a chalk board on the wall behind the counter. The name of the special is usually a play on words that indicates what comes on the burger (ex.: "It's Fun to Eat at the rYe M C A Burger": Comes with Rye, Mustard, Cheese, and Avocado). Other "Special" burgers are also mentioned by the family without being written on their chalkboard. The joke is often that the play on words is overly complex or obscure.

text: Home media[edit]

text: The first season through the current season of the show are available on the iTunes Store for download & Hulu. The first 6 seasons are available from Amazon Video.

text: DVD releases[edit]

text:
Region
Set title
Episode count
Time length
Release date
Notes

1
Bob's Burgers: The Complete 1st Season[24]
13
286 minutes
April 17, 2012

1
Bob's Burgers: The Complete 2nd Season[25]
9
198 minutes
May 7, 2013
Manufactured on demand (MOD) on DVD-R

1
Bob's Burgers: The Complete 3rd Season[26]
23
506 minutes
May 13, 2014
Manufactured on demand (MOD) on DVD-R

1
Bob's Burgers: The Complete 4th Season[27]
22
484 minutes
May 12, 2015
Manufactured on demand (MOD) on DVD-R

1
Bob's Burgers: The Complete 5th Season[28]
21
484 minutes
July 20, 2016
Manufactured on demand (MOD) on DVD-R

text: Reception and achievements[edit]

text: Bob's Burgers initially received mixed reviews for season 1, with a Metacritic score of 54 out of 100.[29] However, by season 2, the ratings had reached a score of 78 out of 100, proving a rise in popularity with praises about its "daffy comedic momentum" and how it is "new and fresh." [30] Rotten Tomatoes gave the first season a 58% from the collective critic feedback, admitting while it has potential, it needs to find its "rhythm." [31] The Washington Post described the show as "pointlessly vulgar and derivatively dull", while Reuters stated that "It's unwise – and unnecessary – to launch an animated sitcom on Fox that appears intent to ape the vulgarity quotient of Family Guy."[32][33] USA Today stated that "Bob's Burgers isn't very tasty" describing the comedy as just "lop[ing] along, stumbling from one tasteless moment to the next"[34] The New York Times described the show as having "a lackadaisical vibe; its humor, no matter how anarchic, slides by in a deadpan monotone."[35]

text: However, as the first season progressed and concluded and the second began, critics began giving the series praise. Rowan Kaiser of The A.V. Club has recalled, "...the show was amusing, yes, and there was certainly potential, but it took half a dozen episodes before it really began to meet that potential."[36] Season 2 has a Metacritic score of 78 out 100.[37] The first season is considered by many fans as very rough in comparison to the quality in later seasons.

text: Entertainment Weekly gave the show an A- grade in its review, remarking that "a comedy this well done is very rare indeed".[38] Ain't It Cool News called Bob's Burgers "perhaps the funniest half-hour currently airing on broadcast TV."[39] In its review, CNN called the show "wickedly funny" and said there are "too many highlights to list here".[40] Speaking about the show during its second season, The A.V. Club reviewer Rowan Kaiser said: "After an uneven start, Bob's Burgers is becoming one of television's best comedies!"[41] Since the debut of season two of the series, the show's positive reception has increased.[citation needed]

text: The A.V. Club voted Bob's Burgers as the 10th best TV show of 2012,[42] the 3rd best show of 2013,[43] the 20th best show of 2014,[44] and the 35th best show of 2015.[45]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
References

2011
Teen Choice Award
Choice TV: Animated Show
Bob's Burgers
Nominated
[46]

2012
Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Animated Series
Bob's Burgers
Nominated
[47]

Teen Choice Award
Choice TV: Animated Show
Bob's Burgers
Nominated
[48]

Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Animated Program
For "Burgerboss"
Nominated
[49]

2013
Artios Award
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Television Animation (Children and Adult)
Julie Ashton
Nominated
[50]

Annie Award
Best General Audience Animated TV/Broadcast Production
For "Ear-sy Rider"
Nominated
[51]

Teen Choice Award
Choice TV: Animated Show
Bob's Burgers
Nominated
[52]

Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Animated Program
For "O.T.: The Outside Toilet"
Nominated
[53]

2014
Annie Award
Best General Audience Animated TV/Broadcast Production
Bob's Burgers
Nominated
[54]

Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Animated Series
Bob's Burgers
Nominated
[55]

Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Animated Program
For "Mazel-Tina"
Won
[56]

2015
People's Choice Award
Favorite Animated TV Show
Bob's Burgers
Nominated
[57]

Artios Award
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Television Animation (Children and Adult)
Julie Ashton
Nominated
[58]

Annie Award
Best General Audience Animated TV/Broadcast Production
Bob's Burgers
Nominated
[59]

Outstanding Achievement, Directing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production
Jennifer Coyle & Bernard Derriman
Nominated

Writers Guild of America Award
Best Television Writing in Animation
Greg Thompson for "Bob and Deliver"
Nominated
[60]

Nora Smith for "Work Hard or Die Trying, Girl"
Nominated

Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Animated Series
Bob's Burgers
Nominated
[61]

Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Animated Program
For "Can't Buy Me Math"
Nominated
[62]

Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance
John Roberts for "Eat, Spray, Linda"
Nominated

Environmental Media Award
Television Episodic Comedy
For "Late Afternoon in the Garden of Bob and Louise"
Nominated
[63]

2016
People's Choice Award
Favorite Animated TV Show
Bob's Burgers
Nominated
[64]

Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Animated Series
Nominated
[65]

Nominated
[66]

Artios Award
Outstanding Achievement in Casting – Television Animation (Adult)
Julie Ashton
Won
[67]

Annie Awards
Best General Audience TV/Broadcast Production
For "Can't Buy Me Math"
Nominated
[68]

Outstanding Achievement, Voice Acting in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production
Kristen Schaal for "Hawk & Chick"
Won

Outstanding Achievement, Writing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production
Steven Davis & Kelvin Yu for "The Hauntening"
Won

Writers Guild of America Award
Best Television Writing in Animation
Lizzie Molyneux & Wendy Molyneux for "Gayle Makin' Bob Sled"
Nominated
[69]

Dan Fybel for "Housetrap"
Won

Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Animated Program
"The Horse Rider-er"
Nominated
[70]

2017
People's Choice Award
Favorite Animated TV Show
Bob's Burgers
Nominated
[71]

Annie Award
Best General Audience Animated TV/Broadcast Production
Bob's Burgers for "Glued, Where's My Bob?"
Won
[72]

Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production
Loren Bouchard and John Dylan Keith for "Glued, Where's My Bob?"
Nominated

Outstanding Achievement, Writing in an Animated TV/Broadcast Production
Lizzie Molyneux and Wendy Molyneux for "The Hormone-iums"
Won

Teen Choice Award
Choice Animated TV Show
Bob's Burgers
Nominated
[73]

Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Animated Program
"Bob Actually"
Won
[74]

Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance
Kevin Kline for "The Last Gingerbread House on the Left"
Nominated

text: Ratings[edit]

text: After airing, the show became the highest-rated series premiere of the season and also finished 9th in the ratings for the week it aired.[75][76] Despite this, the ratings went on a slide with ratings expert Bill Gorman of TV by the Numbers calling it a "toss up" for renewal before the series was renewed for a second season[77] which premiered on March 11, 2012.

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Sunday 8:30 pm
13
January 9, 2011 (2011-01-09)
9.38[78]
May 22, 2011 (2011-05-22)
4.31[79]
2010–11
117
5.07[80]

2
9
March 11, 2012 (2012-03-11)
4.04[81]
May 20, 2012 (2012-05-20)
3.57[82]
2011–12
142
4.18[83]

3
Sunday 8:30 pm (1–14, 18–23)
Sunday 9:30 pm (15–17)
23
September 30, 2012 (2012-09-30)
5.46[84]
May 12, 2013 (2013-05-12)
3.38[85]
2012–13
107
4.45[86]

4
Sunday 8:30 pm (1–11)
Sunday 7:00 pm (12–22)
22
September 29, 2013 (2013-09-29)
4.48[87]
May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18)
1.95[88]
2013–14
96
4.93[89]

5
Sunday 7:30 pm (1–2, 13–18)
Sunday 9:30 pm (3–12, 19–21)
21
October 5, 2014 (2014-10-05)
3.14[90]
May 17, 2015 (2015-05-17)
2.44[91]
2014–15
147
3.18[92]

6
Sunday 7:30 pm (1–10)
Sunday 8:30 pm (11–19)
19
September 27, 2015 (2015-09-27)
2.51[93]
May 22, 2016 (2016-05-22)
2.04[94]
2015–16
144
2.90[95]

7
Sunday 7:30 pm
22
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
2.60[96]
June 11, 2017
1.52[97]
2016–17
138
2.78[98]

8
TBA
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
2.93[99]
TBA
TBD
2017–18
TBD
TBD

text: Syndication[edit]

text: Adult Swim acquired the rights to air Bob's Burgers in 2013. Episodes air six nights a week, with a 1:30 am airing on Sunday and 8:30 pm airings Monday through Friday. An additional episode airs every Monday through Thursday at 9:00 pm. Adult Swim currently has rights to all five seasons of Bob's Burgers and recently began airing the season five episodes on Mondays.[100]

text: 20th Television began distributing Bob's Burgers to local stations in 2015. The syndication package began airing on its affiliates on the weekend of September 19–20, 2015, and two episodes air each weekend.[citation needed]

text: The series also premiered on September 26, 2016 on TBS and airs Mondays afternoons (along with Family Guy, American Dad!, and The Cleveland Show) and on Friday nights.[101]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: On January 6, 2011, some Fatburger locations were re-branded as Bob's Burgers for the day as a promotion.[102] It also offered limited-time offers, such as a free burger giveaway, and a special, "The Thanks a Brunch Burger", on the menu until February 2011.[102] There were also "Bob's Burgers" coupons offered for a free medium Fatburger special.[102][103] Across the United States, 4 locations were re-branded as Bob's Burgers, in California, New Jersey, Nevada, and Illinois.[102][103] At least one restaurant location in California continues to use the Bob's Burgers appellation into 2016.

text: In the Family Guy episode "Space Cadet", the principal shows Peter and Lois a picture of Bob Belcher as a sign that Chris is doing poorly in his Advanced Art class. Peter mutters "I'm very embarrassed", and the principal replies "Yeah, well, someone should be." In "Boopa-dee Bappa-dee", Louise is one of many characters Stewie is turned into by Peter using a remote control. Bob's Burgers is also mentioned on "He's Bla-ack!", as one of the reasons why The Cleveland Show did not succeed.

text: The season 4 premiere episode of Archer features a crossover where the Belcher family is shown, but Bob is revealed to be Sterling Archer (also voiced by H. Jon Benjamin) in a fugue state. Archer has taken the place of Bob Belcher, with Bob inexplicably missing. The menu board touts the "Thomas Elphinstone Hambledurger, with Manning Coleslaw", a play on amnesiac secret agent Tommy Hambledon, a character in a series of novels by Manning Coles.

text: "Homerland", the season 25 premiere episode of The Simpsons, features a couch gag in which the Belcher family (skinned yellow according to the standard character coloring of the series) attend a 25th anniversary party in the Simpson family living room with the main characters of their fellow Animation Domination series. Bob made another cameo in the episode "The Girl Code", where a picture of him is shown, and explaining that the restaurant was boycotted by short people due to an offensive Burger of the Day.

text: Bob makes a cameo appearance in the hour-long The Simpsons-Family Guy crossover "The Simpsons Guy".[104] He appears on the same airplane as Homer and Peter in a cutaway about them being a greater team than the Air Force. Peter remarks to Homer that they have to carry Bob, and then Peter points to Cleveland's plane and says "We let that other guy try and look what happened." Cleveland, repeatedly saying "no", crashes in flames. This is a reference to the poor ratings of Bob's Burgers and the cancellation of The Cleveland Show.[105]

text: In Aqua Teen Hunger Force, a character previously known as Dr. Eugene Mirman (obviously played by himself) was renamed to Dr. Gene Belcher in the episode "Hospice". The character's name was revealed on Aqua Teen Hunger Force's creator Dave Willis' Twitter account two hours before the episode. The character had been introduced in 2006, which was 5 years before Bob's Burgers aired.[106]

text: Seattle rock band Sleater-Kinney collaborated with Bob's Burgers and its crew for their 2015 single "A New Wave", off of the album No Cities to Love. The resultant music video featured the band, animated in the cartoon's style, performing for the Belcher children in Tina's bedroom.[107][108][109]

text: In 2016, The Bob's Burgers Burger Book, edited by series creator Bouchard, was released. There are 75 burger recipes pulled from the fan-based blog "The Bob's Burger Experiment" based on the Specials of the Day that appear on the chalkboard menu in the show.[110]

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: On October 4, 2017, Fox announced that a Bob's Burgers movie was in the works to be released on July 17, 2020.[10]


document_title: XL Center

question_text: when did the hartford civic center roof collapse

text: XL Center

text: Hartford Civic Center[edit]

text: The Civic Center is the full-time home of the Hartford Wolf Pack AHL hockey team and part-time home of the University of Connecticut men's and women's basketball teams and the Connecticut Huskies men's ice hockey team. Starting in the late 1990s, the UConn men moved most of their important games—including the bulk of their Big East Conference games—to the Coliseum. During the 2011–2012 season, for instance, they played 11 home games at the Coliseum and only eight at their on-campus facility, Gampel Pavilion. This practice continued when the Huskies joined the American Athletic Conference, successor to the original Big East, in 2013. The Uconn Men's Hockey team uses the XL Center as its primary home as the newest member of Hockey East.

text: It was the home of the New England/Hartford Whalers of the WHA and NHL from 1975 to 1978 and 1980 to 1997, and the Hartford Hellions of the MISL from 1980 to 1981, and the New England Blizzard of the ABL from 1996 to 1998, and hosted occasional Boston Celtics home games from 1975 to 1995. It was the home of the Connecticut Coyotes and later the New England Sea Wolves of the Arena Football League.

text: The arena seats 15,635 for ice hockey and 16,294 for basketball, 16,606 for center-stage concerts, 16,282 for end-stage concerts, and 8,239 for ¾-end stage concerts, and contains 46 luxury suites and a 310-seat Coliseum Club, plus 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of arena floor space, enabling it to be used for trade shows and conventions in addition to concerts, circuses, ice shows, sporting events and other events. The graduation ceremonies of Central Connecticut State University and other local colleges are also held annually at the XL Center.

text: Early history and ceiling collapse[edit]

text: As originally built in 1975, it seated 10,507 for hockey, and served as the home of the then–New England Whalers for three years. In the early morning of January 18, 1978, just hours after the University of Connecticut Men's Basketball team defeated the University of Massachusetts Amherst, the weight of snow from the day's heavy snowstorm and a faulty roof design caused the Civic Center roof to collapse.[10] There were no injuries. The building was heavily renovated and re-opened January 17, 1980.

text: The Arena hosted the Hartford Whalers from January 11, 1980 to April 13, 1997. Shortly thereafter the team relocated to Raleigh to become the Carolina Hurricanes. In 1994, new owner Peter Karmanos purchased the team and pledged to keep the Whalers in Connecticut until 1998, unless they could not sell over 11,000 season tickets. After failed negotiations to build a new downtown arena for the Whalers with then-Governor John G. Rowland, on March 25, 1997, Karmanos announced that the team would leave. The New York Rangers, looking to capitalize on Hartford as a potential market, placed its farm team there to become the Hartford Wolf Pack starting in 1997. After a short stint as the Connecticut Whale, they reverted to the Wolf Pack moniker in 2013. Renovations were complete in October 2014, which is set to serve the arena until its fiftieth birthday.

text: Seating capacity[edit]

text:
Basketball

Years
Capacity

1975–1979

11,000

1979–1987

15,134

1987–1989

16,016

1989–2014

16,294

2014–present

15,564

Hockey

Years
Capacity

1975–1979

10,507

1979–1980
14,460[11]

1980–1982
14,510[12]

1983–1985
14,817[13]

1985–1987
15,126[14]

1987–1989
15,223[14]

1989–2014
15,635[14]

2014–present
14,750[15]

text: Current arena and recent renovations[edit]

text: In September 2010, the arena was upgraded with a new center-hung scoreboard with four Sony Jumbotrons and a state-of-the-art sound system.[16] The Connecticut State Legislature set aside $35 million in funding for improvements to the XL Center that began in early spring 2014 and completed in time for the start of the 2014-15 seasons of the Wolf Pack and Uconn Men's Hockey in October. Improvements included upgrades to the mechanical system, locker rooms and concourse, replacing jumbotrons with a new high definition video board, as well as aesthetic improvements such as a new bar area inside the arena and luxury seating in the lower bowl. A portion of the $35 million allocation went towards a study on the arena’s long-term viability; either more major renovations or replacing it with a new facility.

text: Events[edit]

text: The XL Center has held many notable events including:

text:
The ECAC New England Region Tournament, a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I men's college basketball tournament organized by the Eastern College Athletic Conference (ECAC), took place at the Hartford Civic Center on March 3 and March 5, 1977. The tournament champion received an automatic bid to the 1977 NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament.[17][18]
The Grateful Dead's performance, on May 28, 1977, was recorded and released as a live album, entitled To Terrapin: Hartford '77.
Pop Superstar Michael Jackson performed three consecutive sold–out shows at Hartford Civic Center, during his Bad World Tour on March 30–31 and April 1, 1988 in front of 45,188 people.
The Big East Conference women's basketball tournament was contracted to the coliseum through 2009, and it has hosted multiple NCAA women's basketball sub-regionals and regionals.[citation needed]
The 1981 World Figure Skating Championships were held at the Civic Center.
The 1982 Big East Conference and 1988–1990 America East Conference men's basketball tournaments were also here, as well as occasional games of the UConn Huskies men's basketball team.[19]
The 1986 NHL All-Star Game, was played in the Hartford Civic Center.
The Davis Cup relegation play-off 1987 between United States and Germany, which included one of the longest tennis matches of all times between Boris Becker and John McEnroe.
The 1994 NHL Entry Draft, was held in the Civic Center.
WWF Survivor Series, featuring the debut of The Undertaker, in 1990 Wrestlemania XI in 1995, No Way Out 2000, Vengeance (2004).
The building was the host of Games 1, 2, and 5 of the 2000 Calder Cup Finals, won by the Hartford Wolf Pack of the American Hockey League.
2006 Skate America
The 2010 United States Gymnastics Federation National Championships and Medal Ceremony for the 2000 United States women's gymnastics team. The bronze medal ceremony was added as a result of the IOC stripping the Chinese team for underage gymnastics in April 2010.
Diana Ross was scheduled to perform during her Return to Love Tour on July 12, 2000, but the show was cancelled, due to low ticket sales.
The PBR (Professional Bull Riders) made their first-ever visit to the XL Center for a Built Ford Tough Series event the weekend of October 7–9, 2011.[20]
On November 5, 2014, the UConn men's hockey team defeated the #3 ranked Boston College men's hockey team 1-0 in the teams first ever Hockey East home opener in front of a crowd of 8,089.

text: Exhibition center[edit]

text: The Exhibition Center consists of a 68,855-square-foot (6,397 m2) exhibit hall, a 16,080-square-foot (1,494 m2) assembly hall that can divide into two meeting rooms, plus seven meeting rooms totaling 7,390 square feet (687 m2) and two lobbies totaling 6,100 square feet (570 m2). It is used for trade shows, conventions, banquets, meetings and other events.

text: The surrounding shopping mall was torn down in 2004 and was replaced by street-level retail shops and a 36-story residential tower named Hartford 21 which opened in 2006 and is the tallest residential tower between New York City and Boston.

text: Possible new arena[edit]

text: With the XL Center approaching its 40th birthday, leaders in Hartford have been considering whether it should be replaced with a new facility. In 2006, developer Lawrence Gottesdiener began lobbying to buy the Pittsburgh Penguins and move them to a new Hartford arena, but the Lemieux Group was reluctant to sell. The Penguins bid was officially off the table in March 2007, when the team announced that they were beginning construction on a new arena and that they signed a 30-year deal with the city of Pittsburgh to keep the team there well into the future. Penguins owner Mario Lemieux claimed at the arena's ground-breaking ceremony that relocating the franchise was never a possibility, but was instead a negotiation tactic to help the team get funding for the arena from both state and local officials.[21]

text: After the Pittsburgh bid fell through, Gottesdiener made another bid for the Nashville Predators franchise with the hope of bringing them to Hartford. That bid was lost in August 2007, as the Predators ownership ultimately decided to sell to a local holding company that would keep the team in Nashville.

text: Since that time, Mayor Eddie Pérez and former House Speaker James Amann continued to investigate the feasibility of a new downtown arena,[22] with Mayor Perez making statements to tear down the XL Center and replace it with the new arena as recently as March 2008. The current lease for the XL Center runs until 2013. After that, the facility must be turned over to the city of Hartford. By that point, the city wants to decide whether the building can be refurbished or if it has enough financial support to build a new arena. Mayor Eddie Perez met with a newly formed task force of city business leaders to determine the benefits of building a new arena. "In order to consider the new arena, we have to find out where the corporate support is for a new arena and that's the charge I gave the task force," Perez said. "My hope is that by late September of this year, they can give me an idea where the corporate support would be and how we can go about organizing that support. "The mayor said that he feels the city needs a new arena to attract more events and possibly a professional sports franchise. "For a region to survive, you need a dynamic urban center and entertainment is part of a dynamic urban center," said Oz Griebel of the Metro Hartford Alliance. "If you're going to offer entertainment venues, whether they be basketball games, hockey games, rodeos, concerts, you have to have a venue that people are going to want to come to." Perez said he thinks a new arena could bring about 1,500 new jobs to the city.

text: Early in 2010, Howard Baldwin, the former owner of the Whalers, moved back to Connecticut and formed Whalers Sports and Entertainment in an attempt to grow interest in hockey and the NHL in Connecticut. These efforts may lead to the building a state-of-the-art arena as a replacement for the aging XL Center. In November 2011, Howard Baldwin announced a $105 million proposal to renovate the XL Center as a part of an effort to improve attendance at current minor hockey and college basketball games and improve Hartford's chances at attracting a new NHL hockey team. In June 2012, it was announced that MSG was severing ties with Baldwin and his company, WSE. AEG assumed the business operations for the Connecticut Whale immediately after that, until Global Spectrum took over the Whale's business operations, and that of the XL Center in 2013.[23]

text: On February 19, 2015, the CRDA released a case study on the future of the arena. The report presents three options. The first option would be to completely tear down the existing arena down and construct a new one. The second option would be to expand the existing arena and completely rebuild the interior. The third and final option is to neither expand nor construct a new arena, and rather overhaul the current site. Each option will come complete with additional luxury boxes and suites, and other amenities up to par with comparable NHL facilities. The study estimates 2–3 years of construction time and a $250-$500 million price tag.