document_title: Scar (The Lion King)

question_text: who does scar's voice on the lion king

question_tokens: who does scar 's voice on the lion king

text: Scar (The Lion King)

text: Development[edit]

text: Conception and influences[edit]

text: The Lion King was first conceived in 1988.[1] The film was eventually pitched to Disney executives, one of whom was among the first to observe similarities between author Thomas M. Disch's treatment and William Shakespeare's play Hamlet.[2][3] Although first citing these similarities as initially unintentional,[4] director Rob Minkoff always felt it was essential "to anchor [the film] with something familiar".[5] As directors, Minkoff and Roger Allers aspired to create "an animal picture based in a more natural setting,"[6] describing the film as "More true-life adventure than mythical epic."[7] Although not the first Disney film to have been inspired by Shakespeare's work,[8] The Lion King remains the studio's most prominent example[9] due to close parallels between its characters and Hamlet,[10] while both stories revolve around main characters who struggle to come to terms with the reality that they must confront their treacherous uncles and avenge their fathers' deaths.[11] Scar is based on King Claudius.[12] According to Slate, while Claudius is mostly "a second-rate schemer ... consumed by anxiety and guilt," Scar very much "delight[s] in his monstrosity;"[13] both characters are motivated by jealousy.[14] Meanwhile, The Week observed that although both characters ultimately die, Claudius is killed by protagonist Hamlet while Scar dies "at the hand of his former hyena minions, and not Simba himself."[4] Additionally, the character shares similarities with Iago from Shakespeare's play Othello; both antagonists are skilled in exploiting their victims' fears.[15]

text: The original plot of The Lion King revolved around a rivalry between lions and baboons.[16] A baboon himself, Scar was their leader.[17] After this plot was abandoned, Scar was re-written into a rogue lion lacking any blood relation to both Mufasa and Simba.[18][19] The writers eventually decided that making Scar and Mufasa brothers would make the film more interesting.[20] An abandoned character, at one point Scar owned a pet python as a sidekick.[16] Because the film was originally intended to be much more adult-oriented, Scar was to have become infatuated with Simba's childhood friend and eventual love interest Nala, wanting the young lioness to rule alongside him as his queen[21] and consequentially banishing the character[16] when she refuses.[22] This concept was to have been further explored during a reprise of Scar's song "Be Prepared",[23] but both the idea and the song were ultimately completely removed from the film because they were deemed too "creepy".[21] To further emphasize the character's villainy and tyranny, the writers loosely based Scar on German politician Adolf Hitler.[24] According to The Jerusalem Post, Scar's song "Be Prepared" "features goose-stepping hyenas in a formation reminiscent of a Nuremberg rally."[25] This idea was first suggested by story artist Jorgen Klubien.[25]

text: According to the directors, "[a] patronizing quality" was vital to Scar's role in the film.[26] Minkoff told the Los Angeles Times, "When Scar puts the guilt trip on Simba, that's an intense idea ... probably something that is not typical of the other Disney pictures, in terms of what the villain does."[26] Additionally, Scar serves as a departure from previous Disney villains because they "came off at least as buffoonish as they were sinister".[26] Because Scar is the film's main antagonist,[27] supervising animator Andreas Deja believed that "villains work really well when they're subtle", explaining, "to see them think and scheme and plot is much more interesting than showing them beating somebody up."[26] By blaming Mufasa's death on an innocent Simba, Scar ultimately triggers "a cycle of guilt, flight, denial and redemption, as the hero goes into self-imposed exile before finally reconciling with his father's memory, returning to face his wicked uncle and generally coming of age."[28] The character's first line in The Lion King essentially summarizes the entire film, providing foreshadowing. It reads, "Life's not fair is it? You see I-well, I ... shall never be King. And you ... shall never see light of another day," subtly revealing the plot as well as "the reason why [Scar] decides to murder his own brother."[14]

text: Voice[edit]

text: Tim Curry and Malcolm McDowell were originally considered for the role of Scar.[29] However, Curry left the role due to Home Alone 2: Lost in New York and the role was ultimately won by Jeremy Irons[24] because of his classical theater training; the directors had deliberately wanted Scar "to come across as a Shakespearean character."[29] Successfully recruiting Irons for the film was considered an unprecedented achievement for the studio because, at the time, it was rare for a dramatic actor of Irons's caliber to agree to voice an animated character,[30] especially immediately after winning an Academy Award.[26] In fact, the Oscar-winning actor[31] nearly declined because, in fear of jeopardizing his successful career, he was "[h]esitant to jump from a dramatic role to an animated feature."[32] Prior to The Lion King, Irons was famous for starring as several villains and antagonists in live-action films "geared towards adults."[33] Although he had starred in a children's film before, the actor admitted that it did not mirror the success of The Lion King,[33] a film that has since gained notoriety for its cast of well known, award-winning Hollywood actors,[34] which animation historian Jerry Beck referred to in his book The Animated Movie Guide as "the most impressive list of actors ever to grace an animated film."[35]

text: As directors, Minkoff and Allers "work[ed] very closely with the actors to create their performance."[36] Describing Irons as "a gentleman and a brilliant actor," Allers revealed that the actor was constantly offering "extra interpretations of lines which were fantastic."[5] Producer Don Hahn recalled that Irons "really wanted to play with the words and the pacing," specifically referring to a scene in which Scar, voiced by Jeremy Irons, coaxes Simba onto a rock and tricks the young cub to stay there and await his father's arrival alone, dubbing it "a father and son ... thing." According to Hahn, "The comedy in [Irons's] inflection comes from Scar sounding so disdainful he can barely summon the will to finish the sentence."[26] Irons's physical appearance and mannerisms served as inspiration for Scar's supervising animator Andreas Deja, namely his flicking his paw in disgust.[26] Critics have cited physical similarities between Irons and Scar.[37]

text: In a reference to the role that earned Irons an Academy Award, Claus von Bülow in Reversal of Fortune (1990), the writers gave Scar one of von Bülow's lines, "You have no idea," which is uttered by Irons in a similar tone.[38][39] According to author Rachel Stein of New Perspectives on Environmental Justice: Gender, Sexuality, and Activism, Irons relies "on his history of playing sexually perverse, socially dangerous male characters to animate his depiction of Scar."[40] On the contrary, Irons revealed to Connect Savannah that the similarities between the voices of Scar and von Bülow were largely unintentional, explaining, "Whatever voice came was arrived at by looking at the initial sketches, and from the freedom the directors gave me to try anything." Irons concluded, "The fact that he may occasionally remind you of Claus, comes from the fact that they both share the same voice box."[41]

text: While recording Scar's song "Be Prepared," Irons encountered challenges with his voice. The actor reportedly "blew out his voice" upon belting the line "you won't get a sniff without me," rendering him incapable of completing the musical number.[42] Consequently, Disney was forced to recruit American voice actor Jim Cummings, who had also been providing the voice of The Lion King's laughing hyena Ed at the time,[43] to impersonate Jeremy Irons and record the entire of the song.[44] Jim Cummings told The Huffington Post that "[s]tunt singing" is actually something the actor continues to do regularly, having done the same for American actor Russell Means, voice of Chief Powhatan in Disney's Pocahontas (1995).[45] Critics observed that Irons "fakes his way ... through 'Be Prepared' in the grand tradition of talk-singing," drawing similarities between him and American actor James Cagney and English actor Rex Harrison.[46] Deja revealed that, during a recording session, Irons's stomach was grumbling. Deja joked, "The growling sound could be heard in his recording, so we had to record that part of his dialog all over again."[47] As a result of Irons's prominent British accent, critics have compared both the actor and Scar to Shere Khan, the villain of Disney's The Jungle Book (1967), voiced by English actor George Sanders.[26]

text: Chiwetel Ejiofor was officially chosen on November 1, 2017 for the role of Scar for the CGI live action remake, The Lion King (2019) directed by Jon Favreau, as he had impressed him after watching his antagonistic performance as Baron Mordo in the Marvel film Doctor Strange (2016).[48]

text: Design and characterization[edit]

text: The studio originally dismissed The Lion King as a risk because, at the time, it was believed that the greatest films starred people.[49] Concerned about the novelty of the film, Disney CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg decided to divide the studio into two separate animated films, The Lion King and Pocahontas, the latter of which was dubbed "the home run" because it was expected to be the more successful of the two projects.[50] Naturally, Disney's more seasoned and experienced animators gravitated towards Pocahontas, while the studio's newer animators were relegated to working on The Lion King, dubbing themselves the "B-team".[51] However, Allers received Katzenberg's decision positively as an opportunity for "newer animators ... to step up to leadership roles",[51] among them Andreas Deja, who became Scar's supervising animator.[51] Well known for animating several Disney villains,[52] Deja summarized the experience as "more fun than drawing heroes" because "You have so much more to work with in terms of expressions and acting and drawing-wise than you would have with a nice princess or a prince ... where you have to be ever so careful with the draftsmanship".[53]

text:
"[A]t Disney ... the people responsible for each movie see that you are good at animating a specific type of character, they will keep giving similar characters to you. Also, I animated a couple of those villains because I asked to. I told the studio that I could do something good with these characters, since they really spoke to me. I showed that I had a passion for it, which I believe to be very important. Villains are very interesting characters, they have the most 'juice' in them, and they invite you to explore them. So, if something fascinates you, then you should probably explore it."

— Supervising animator Andreas Deja on animating Disney villains.[47]

text: Before becoming involved with The Lion King, Deja had already developed a reputation for animating Disney villains.[47][52] Prior to animating Scar, Deja had just recently served as the supervising animator of Gaston and Jafar, the villains in Disney's Beauty and the Beast (1991) and Aladdin (1992), respectively.[26] Initially, Deja had been considering the idea of animating a hero as opposed to a villain for a change,[47] contemplating taking on the task of animating Simba instead.[54] However, Deja soon relented upon learning that Scar would be voiced by Irons, feeling that it would be "fun" to animate a character voiced by such a prestigious actor.[54] Meanwhile, Minkoff and Allers had already had Deja in mind for animating Scar long before the animator approached the directors about the position.[54] The level anthropomorphism used in The Lion King exceeded that of any Disney animated film by which it was preceded.[55] Because Scar is an animal as opposed to a human,[56] Deja and the animators experienced certain challenges and limitations when it came to instilling movement in the character,[56] and thus experimented with manipulating Scar's facial expressions, specifically the way in which he tilts his head condescendingly, raises his eyebrows and lifts his chin.[26] The animals were each drawn with certain human-like attributes and characteristics in order to help convey emotions and tell the story.[55] Meanwhile, the studio recruited live lions for the animators to study while drawing.[57] As the film's villain, Scar is the only lion drawn with claws.[16]

text: Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly described Scar as "a figure of both pity and evil, and of treacherous comedy" with "Irons ... filling this devious coward with elegantly witty self-loathing."[58] As an animator, Deja believes that "If you have a great voice to work with, your work is half done."[59] Enjoying the way in which Irons "has a way with words and phrasing,"[59] Deja deliberately based much of Scar's appearance on the actor himself, specifically the shape of his mouth and facial expressions.[47] Several of the actor's physical attributes were incorporated into Scar's design, with Irons admitting to recognizing his own baggy eyes in his character.[26] Additionally, Deja studied Irons's performances in the films Reversal of Fortune (1990) and Damage (1992) for inspiration,[26][60] while refusing to watch Disney's The Jungle Book while working on The Lion King in order to avoid being influenced by the film's villain Shere Khan, a tiger.[61]

text: Music[edit]

text: Scar sings the musical number "Be Prepared," written by songwriters Elton John and Tim Rice, while contemplating Mufasa's death plot and bringing the hyenas along. Described as the film's "darkest" song, a "pompous,"[62] "fascistic paean to usurpers,"[63] the musical sequence depicts the lion "as a big-cat fascist."[64] According to Business Insider, in addition to loosely basing the character on Adolf Hitler to further emphasize Scar's tyranny, the filmmakers very much directly based his song "Be Prepared," which references Nazism by having Scar's army of hyenas goose step while addressing them from a high ledge – similar to the way in which Hitler would have from a balcony –[24] on the Nazi propaganda film Triumph of the Will (1935),[65] a film that documents Nazi Germany during 1934.[66]

text: According to Entertainment Weekly, the concept originated from a sketch by story artist Jorgen Klubien, in which Scar was depicted as Hitler. Although hesitant that then-Disney Animation chief Jeffrey Katzenberg would approve, the filmmakers ultimately decided to pursue it, describing the sequence as a "Triumph of the Will-style mock-Nuremberg rally."[63] The St. Louis Post-Dispatch reviewed, "those goose-stepping hyenas seem a little much in hindsight,"[67] while Film School Rejects coined it a "hellish gathering."[68]

text: Appearances[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text: Scar debuted in The Lion King (1994). The jealous younger brother of Mufasa, Scar was next-in-line to take the throne until his nephew Simba, Mufasa's son, was born, replacing him. Determined to regain his birthright, Scar devises a plan to kill both Simba and Mufasa. Cleverly trapping Simba in a vast gorge, Scar signals his hyena minions, Shenzi, Banzai and Ed, to trigger a wildebeest stampede. Although Mufasa saves Simba, the king is weakened, and unable to climb out of the gorge to safety. When Mufasa begs Scar for help, Scar instead throws his brother to his death below. Convincing Simba that he is to blame for Mufasa's death, Scar advises the prince to run away and never return, then orders the hyenas to pursue and kill him. With his brother murdered and his nephew presumed dead, Scar returns to Pride Rock and tells the pride that both father and son died in the stampede before becoming king and allowing the hyenas into the Pride Lands.

text: Years go by as Scar squanders the kingdom's resources and allows his army of hyenas to wreak havoc upon the Pride Lands, which turn barren. Meanwhile, an alive and adult Simba is visited by Mufasa's ghost, who encourages him to return to the Pride Lands and take his rightful place as king. Aided by his friends Nala, Timon and Pumbaa, Simba arrives at Pride Rock and witnesses Scar striking his mother Sarabi and confronts Scar, who demands that Simba admit to the pride that he killed Mufasa. As he prepares to throw Simba off Pride Rock and have him meet a similar fate to that of his father, Scar whispers that he was the one who killed Mufasa. Enraged, Simba tackles Scar and forces his uncle to admit the truth to the pride, initiating a ferocious battle between the pride, Timon, Pumbaa, Zazu, Rafiki and Scar's hyenas. Scar tries to escape, but is cornered by Simba on the top of Pride Rock; Scar begs for mercy and even attempts to blame his crimes on the hyenas, unaware that they are listening nearby. Simba ignores Scar and gives him one last chance to run away and never return. When Simba's back is turned, Scar attacks him and they fight. Simba overpowers Scar and throws him over the cliff ledge to the base of Pride Rock. Scar survives the fall, but is attacked and killed by the vengeful hyenas.

text: Broadway musical[edit]

text: The success of The Lion King spawned a Broadway musical based on the film, directed by Julie Taymor with a book written by The Lion King co-director Roger Allers and screenwriter Irene Mecchi. American actor John Vickery originated the role of Scar. In one scene in the musical, Scar, during the song "The Madness of King Scar", tries to seduce a young adult Nala and make her his queen and mother of his children. Nala however, rejects Scar's advances and leaves Pride Rock.

text: The Lion King II: Simba's Pride[edit]

text: Having been killed during the end of The Lion King, Scar's appearance and presence in its sequel The Lion King II: Simba's Pride (1998) is limited. Story-wise, however, his role remains vital. Upon Scar's demise, a rivaling pride of lions known as the Outsiders decide to remain loyal to him. The pride is led by Scar's most faithful follower, Zira. Since Scar had no children of his own, Zira's son Kovu is chosen to serve as Scar's heir. Simba banishes the Outsiders to the Outlands, and forbids his daughter Kiara from going there. She goes there anyway, however, and meets and befriends Kovu. Meanwhile, Zira trains Kovu to murder Simba, but when he becomes an adult, he has a change of heart as he begins to develop feelings for Kiara.

text: Scar makes a brief cameo appearance in the film in Simba's nightmare. In the nightmare, an adult Simba runs down the cliff where his father died, attempting to rescue him. Scar intervenes, however, and then turns into Kovu and throws Simba off the cliff. Scar makes another cameo appearance in a pool of water, as a reflection, after Kovu is exiled from Pride Rock.

text: Miscellaneous[edit]

text: Scar makes a brief cameo in Disney's animated feature film Hercules (1997) in the form of a limp lion skin coat worn by Hercules,[69] parodying the Nemean lion.[70] This is also likely a reference to Zazu's remark (in the first film) that Scar would "make a very handsome throw rug". Scar's supervising animator Andreas Deja also served as the supervising animator of Hercules.[71] The character appears in the 1994 video game The Lion King.[72] According to AllGame, Scar appears towards the end of video game as Simba finally "must defeat his Uncle Scar" and "stop Scar and reclaim what is rightfully his."[73] Scar plays a similar role in the video game The Lion King: Simba's Mighty Adventure (2000);[74] Simba's climactic "battle with Scar concludes the first six levels of the game."[75] According to IGN, the video game features the voices of the film's cast, including Jeremy Irons as Scar.[74] Voiced by James Horan, Scar appears as a non-player character in Disney's Extreme Skate Adventure (2003)[76] and Kingdom Hearts II as a villain who ultimately transforms into a Heartless as a result of the character's own "hatred and jealousy."[77]

text: Scar also makes a brief non-speaking cameo appearance in an episode of Timon & Pumbaa, despite that he is deceased at that time.

text: The Lion Guard[edit]

text: Scar is portrayed through paintings throughout season 1 of The Lion Guard television series, which explains some of his backstory. When Scar was younger—as per tradition to all second born children of the current reigning "Lion King"—he led the Lion Guard who protected The Pride Lands and defended "The Circle of Life" from all enemies before his great-nephew Kion led the Guard. Like Kion, Scar was also gifted with The Roar of the Elders, which causes the lions of the Pride Lands' past to roar with the user. However, the power went to Scar's head and he vainly believed that with this power, he should be the king instead of Mufasa, but when his fellow Lion Guard members refused to aid him in his plan to dethrone Mufasa, Scar furiously destroyed them with the Roar. As a result, Scar lost the Roar forever, as it is only meant to be used for good, not evil.

text: Scar appears as a fiery spirit in a volcano in season 2 (voiced by David Oyelowo[78]) starting in the one-hour long special The Rise of Scar, when Kion unknowingly summons him after using the Roar of the Elders in anger when Janja the hyena provokes him. After being summoned, Scar conspires with Janja the other animals in the Outlands to take over the Pride Lands and defeat the new Lion Guard and Simba, who were initially unaware that Scar had returned.

text: Later in the season, the Lion Guard finds out that Scar has returned while they are in the Outlands getting volcanic ash needed to cure Simba from a scorpion sting. Upon returning to the Pride Lands, Kion acknowledges to his team that they have a tough fight ahead, but remains confident that they will be able to defeat Scar.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Scar has garnered widespread acclaim from film critics, some of whom praised him as a better character than Simba.[79] Author Peter M. Nichols wrote in his book New York Times Essential Library: Children's Movies: A Critic's Guide to the Best Films Available on Video and DVD that Scar "is the most interesting character in the film," describing Simba and Mufasa "bores in comparison."[80] Janet Maslin of The New York Times called Scar a "delectably wicked" villain. Maslin went on to praise Irons's voice acting, writing that the actor "slithers through the story in grandiose high style, with a green-eyed malevolence that is one of film's chief delights."[81] Leah Rozen of People described Scar as "a flawless realization of Irons's special talent."[82] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune lauded Scar as the film's "best character," jokingly describing him as "Irons' Claus von Bulow with fur."[83] Similarly, ComingSoon.net's Joshua Starnes hailed Scar as "the best part of the film." Praising both Scar and Irons's acting, Starnes continued, "He switches so quickly and easily from campy to deadly its like a showcase for how to do an over-the-top villain right."[84] Concluding that "Villains are often the most memorable characters in a Disney animated film," Roger Ebert described Scar "one of the great ones."[38] James Berardinelli of ReelViews reviewed, "Gone is the buffoonery that has marked the recent trio of Ursula, Gaston, and Jafar," writing, "Scar is a sinister figure, given to acid remarks and cunning villainy." Berardinelli concluded, "The cold-hearted manner in which he causes Mufasa's death lets us know that this is not a lion to be trifled with."[85]

text: "Simba is also influenced by his delectably wicked uncle, Scar (Jeremy Irons). Scar arranges Mufasa's disturbing on-screen death in a manner that both banishes Simba to the wilderness and raises questions about whether this film really warranted a G rating ... For the grown-ups, there is Mr. Irons, who has been as devilishly well-captured by Disney's graphic artists (Scar's supervising animator: Andreas Deja) as Robin Williams was in Aladdin. Bored, wicked and royally sarcastic, Mr. Irons's Scar slithers through the story in grandiose high style, with a green-eyed malevolence that is one of film's chief delights. 'Oh, and just between us, you might want to work on that little roar of yours, hmm?' he purrs to Simba, while purporting to be a mentor to his young nephew. Scar, who also gives a reprise of Mr. Irons's best-known line from Reversal of Fortune, may not be much of a father figure, but he's certainly great fun."

text: A film that features the voices of several well-known A-list actors, namely Irons as Scar, Matthew Broderick as Simba, James Earl Jones as Mufasa and Whoopi Goldberg as Shenzi,[86] The Lion King has since gone on to be acclaimed as "one of the most impressive arrays of voice talents ever utilized in an animated film."[87] Critics have repeatedly singled out Irons's performance, praising it extensively: Cindy White of IGN called Irons's performance "deliciously smarmy,"[88] while Andy Patrizio of IGN wrote that Irons voices Scar "in perfect Shakespearean villain mode."[89] Rolling Stone's Peter Travers hailed Irons for "deliver[ing] a triumphantly witty vocal performance that ranks with Robin Williams' in Aladdin."[90] Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle commended Disney for "nail[ing] the voice talents," specifically Irons.[91] The Philadelphia Daily News' Bill Wedo described Irons's voice as "silken,"[92] while Graham Young of the Birmingham Mail hailed the actor's performance as "magnificent."[93] Radio Times' Tom Hutchinson wrote, "Jeremy Irons [is] a vocal standout as the evil uncle Scar."[94] Annette Basile of Filmink echoed Hutchinson's statement, writing that Scar is "voiced with relish by stand-out Jeremy Irons."[95] The Guardian's Philip French opined, "Jeremy Irons is excellent as the suavely villainous lion Scar."[96] David Sterritt of The Christian Science Monitor exalted Irons's acting, describing him as "positively brilliant."[97] Also hailing the film's cast as "incredible," Desson Howe of The Washington Post highlighted Irons as a "standout."[98] Praising the film for successfully combining "grand-opera melodrama and low-comedy hi-jinks," the Orlando Sentinel's Jay Boyar concluded that "One reason they work so well together is that even most of the serious sections contain an undercurrent of humor, provided ... by the deliciously droll voice-performance of Jeremy Irons as Scar."[99] Mathew DeKinder of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch felt that Irons successfully "handle[s] all of the dramatic heavy lifting."[67]

text: Even film critics who generally disliked the film tended to enjoy Scar's characterization and Irons's performance. Terrence Rafferty of The New Yorker wrote, "Among the celebrity voices on the soundtrack, two performances stand out," namely, "Jeremy Irons, as the villainous lion Scar" who "does an elegant, funny George Sanders impersonation."[100] (Sanders himself had voiced Shere Khan for Disney in their 1967 version of The Jungle Book). Stephen Hunter of The Baltimore Sun described Irons's voice as "plummy-rich with rancid irony."[12] Television Without Pity's Ethan Alter admitted to enjoying Scar, praising the character as "a fantastic villain and easily the most fully realized of the film's characters, thanks both to Jeremy Irons's marvelously wicked vocal performance and some clever character flourishes on behalf of the animators."[101] David Denby of New York, who otherwise criticized the film, felt that "Irons ... sounds like he's having a better time than he's ever had in movies before."[102] In a rare lukewarm review, Anthony Quinn of The Independent felt that Irons's performance was too campy: "more Liberace than George Sanders."[103]

text: Accolades and legacy[edit]

text: According to IGN, Scar, Simba and Mufasa have since become "household names thanks to the [film's] enormous popularity ... but back in 1994 who could have predicted that these characters would enter the lexicon of Disney's most popular creations?"[104] Scar is considered to be among Disney's greatest villains.[27][105] Desmond Ryan of The Philadelphia Inquirer reviewed Scar as "the most vivid villain in Disney features in generations."[106] On a broader scale, Scar is often revered as one of the greatest animated villains of all-time.[107] Entertainment Weekly included the character in the article "10 Over-the-top Animated Movie Villains", explaining, "you could only expect over-the-top when you pair such a grasping, conniving character with Jeremy Irons' seductive voice."[108] Likewise, Digital Spy's Alex Fletcher wrote of Scar in his article "Who is Disney's greatest ever villain?" that "The scene in which he lets Mufasa ... fall into a stampede of wildebeests left lasting emotional trauma on an entire generation."[109]

text:
“
Scar walks the fine line between gravitas and camp, and most of the credit has to go to Jeremy Irons's superb sarcastic drawl. His main complaint is simply that life isn't fair, and that his status as Mufasa's younger brother makes him ineligible to rule over Pride Rock. Anyone with siblings, royal or not, can relate on some level. And although it's honestly a little cringe-worthy to watch Scar mince his way through 'Be Prepared,' he proves himself an adept orator, inspiring legions of goose-stepping hyenas to throw off the shackles of the oppressive lions.
”

— Tor.com's Sarah Tolf on Scar's legacy.[110]

text: The Huffington Post ranked Scar first in its "Definitive Ranking Of 25 Classic Disney Villains" countdown.[111] Similarly, BuzzFeed also ranked Scar first in the website's "Definitive Ranking Of The Top 20 Disney Villains" list, with author Javi Moreno accusing the character of removing "the innocence of an entire generation."[112] Scar also topped About.com's "Top 10 Disney Villains" countdown; author David Nusair concluded, "There are few figures within Disney's body of work that are as deliciously reprehensible and vile as Scar ... heightened by Jeremy Irons' gloriously smug voice work."[113] Nusair also included Irons among the "Top 5 Celebrity Voice Performances in Animated Films", acknowledging the fact that although the actor "has played a lot of villains over the course of his career ... none have had the lasting impact as Scar from The Lion King."[114] The Orlando Sentinel ranked Scar the sixth "greatest Disney villain of all time".[115] Similarly, Babble.com also placed the character at number six.[116] Included in the website's "12 most famous Disney villains from worst to best" countdown, Yahoo! Movies ranked Scar second best,[117] while Moviefone ranked the character sixth.[118] E! ranked Scar fifth, with author John Boone writing that the character "plotted one of the most painful deaths in Disney history, so you know he'll never be forgotten."[119] Animation World Network ranked Scar the sixth best animated villain.[52]

text: CNN considers Scar one of "Disney's scariest characters."[120][full citation needed] While ranking the character fifth, The Stanford Daily wrote, "From his habit of sadistically toying with his prey to his dumb hyena coven to the way he leads the kingdom of Pride Rock into a period of starvation and sorrow, he's a backstabbing dictator of an uncle."[121] Richard Crouse of Metro cited Scar's "Long live the King" as the character's "Most evil line."[122] Additionally, "Be Prepared" is often revered as one of the greatest Disney villain songs.[123][full citation needed][124] Official Disney Blogs wrote that the song, with its "hyena backup singers, and the best bone-rattling percussion of all the villains' songs," Scar proves himself "an expert crooner of villainous plots."[125] Aside from Disney and animation, Scar is often revered as one of the greatest movie villains of all-time.[126] Digital Spy featured the character who, according to author Simon Reynolds, "underlined the sheer blackness of his heart by ruthlessly killing Simba's father,"[127] among the "25 greatest movie villains".[128] Similarly, in 2012, Entertainment Weekly ranked the character the twenty-fifth "Most Vile Movie Villain" ever,[129] while Total Film ranked Scar sixty-seventh in 2014.[130]

text: To-date, Deja remains best known for animating several of Disney's most famous villains, admitting to preferring animating villains over heroes.[26] However, after The Lion King, Deja finally decided to take a break from animating villains in order to avoid repeating himself,[26][131] subsequently refusing to animate villain Judge Claude Frollo in The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1996) in favor of working on Hercules from Hercules (1997),[54] along with Mickey Mouse in the animated short Runaway Brain (1995).[132] Comparing Scar to other villains that he has played, Irons said that he "measures very highly," having "charm," "Machiavellian qualities" and being "iconic in some of the things he says."[33]

text: Criticism and controversy[edit]

text: Scar became the first Disney villain to successfully explicitly kill someone.[133] Like Disney's Bambi before it, The Lion King – dubbed the studio's "darkest" film at the time of its release –[65] was unprecedented in terms of its serious themes, namely guilt, murder, treachery, revenge and death, specifically the on-screen assassination of one of the film's heroes.[134] According to IGN, "The film's story concepts of morality and mortality ... was new for Disney,"[135] with The Washington Post predicting that "the death of the heroic Mufasa will be the most widely debated aspect of The Lion King, with people taking sides as to whether such things are good or bad for kids just as they did over the killing of Bambi's mother."[65] Similarly, Variety opined, "a generation that remembers the death of Bambi's mother as traumatizing should bear that experience in mind when deciding who goes to The Lion King."[136] Film critics and parents alike expressed concern that Scar's violent ways would frighten and disturb younger viewers.[137] Referring to Scar's murdering of Mufasa, The New York Times questioned "whether this film really warranted a G rating."[81] Critics also cautioned Scar's death; Movieline warned audiences that the film "shows a fairy tale's dark sense of justice," for example when "Scar was eaten by his hyena allies after betraying them."[138] ReelViews' James Berardinelli commented:

text: "Death, something not really touched on in the last three animated Disney tales, is very much at the forefront of The Lion King. In a scene that could disturb younger viewers, Mufasa's demise is shown. It is a chilling moment that is reminiscent of a certain incident in Bambi. The film also contains a fair share of violence, including a rather graphic battle between two lions. Parents should carefully consider before automatically taking a child of, say, under seven years of age, to this movie."

text: The Los Angeles Times warned that "The on-screen death of Mufasa and a violent battle at the finale may disturb small children,"[139] echoed by The Philadelphia Inquirer.[106] However, film critics also felt that Disney's treatment of Scar was at times too light-hearted and comedic, with the Deseret News complaining, "a climactic battle between Simba and his evil Uncle Scar ... is [a] very bad choice near the end, as Simba and Scar battle in slow-motion, a serious moment that seems unintentionally comic."[140] According to The Seattle Times, "Some critics have complained that the movie is too funny and good-natured to accommodate the rather grim story it's telling."[62] Considered "an odd mix of deadly seriousness and slapstick humor ... Simba fights Scar to the death" while "intercut with ... Poomba [sic] ... doing a parody of Travis Bickel."[141]

text: Although universally acclaimed, Scar has sparked considerable controversy regarding the character's appearance and personality, specifically his darker-colored fur and alleged sexuality. The general public, however, appears to have remained largely oblivious to such concerns according to David Parkinson, author of The Rough Guide to Film Musicals.[142] The Washington Post felt that "Scar clearly is meant to represent an evil African American because 'while Simba's mane is gloriously red, Scar's is, of course, black."[143] Meanwhile, Scar's mannerisms and voice which, according to Nightmare on Main Street: Angels, Sadomasochism, and the Culture of Gothic's author Mark Edmundson, resemble "a cultivated, word-weary, gay man,"[144] has been deemed homophobic by some commentators because, according to The Independent, "the arch-villain's gestures are effeminate"[145] while, in addition to the film being "full of stereotypes,"[146] the character "speaks in supposed gay cliches."[147] Susan Mackey-Kallis, author of The Hero and the Perennial Journey Home in American Film, observed that Scar is "more effeminate [and] less brawny ... than" both Mufasa and Simba.[148] Additionally, "Even though [Scar] would be expected to mate with one of the lioness, he is never seen intimated by any."[133] While Disney executives ignored these accusations, Slant Magazine defended the studio, explaining that Scar's black mane is simply an example of "the animators' elementary attempts to color-code evil for the film's target audience."[149] Similarly, author Edward Schiappa wrote in his book Beyond Representational Correctness: Rethinking Criticism of Popular Media that Scar's voice was simply meant "to convey the sort of upper-class snobbishness evinced by George Sanders's performance as Shere Khan in The Jungle Book."[150] More recently, the possibility of an incestuous relationship involving Simba, his mate Nala, Scar and Mufasa has surfaced. According to Johnson Cheu, author of Diversity in Disney Films: Critical Essays on Race, Ethnicity, Gender, Sexuality and Disability, the fact that Scar, Mufasa and Simba appear to be the only male lions present in The Lion King suggests the possibility that either Scar or Mufasa is Nala's father, which would in turn make Nala either Simba's half-sister or cousin.[151] However, The Lion Guard identifies Nala's father as a red-maned unnamed lion who-in his youth-resembled his grandson (and Scar's great-nephew) Kion.


document_title: List of Haikyu!! episodes

question_text: how many episodes does haikyuu season 3 have

root

text: List of Haikyu!! episodes

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date

1
"The End and the Beginning"
"Owari to Hajimari" (終わりと始まり)
April 6, 2014

In Miyagi Prefecture of Japan, young teenage boy Shoyo Hinata is motivated to play volleyball after happening to see a volleyball match on television. The television portrayed a team winning a match, thanks to a short but skilful player titled "Little Giant". Three years later, he finally participates in his first ever volleyball match in junior high, but his first match is against Tobio Kageyama, a genius volleyball player known as "King of the Court". Kageyama is recognized nationally as one of the best setters, but he pushes his teammates harder than any of them think should take place. He calls Hinata useless and tries to prove up with continual blocks against him. However Hinata manages to score some points with his speed and route alterations. In the end Kageyama easily advances 3-0 and Hinata vows revenge.

2
"Karasuno High School Volleyball Club"
"Karasuno kōkō Haikyūbu" (烏野高校排球部)
April 13, 2014

Hinata arrives at his new school Karasuno High School (The same school where "The Little Giant" used to attend) determined to join the volleyball club and defeat Kageyama. He is shocked when he walks into the gym and finds Kageyama who is also the new member of the team. The two personalities clash, and later when the captain Daichi Sawamura arrives he throws the two out and tells them they can't join the club until they start to get along. A few days pass and the two get envious. Instead of agreeing to work as a team though, they challenge the more experienced third-year students to a match on the condition if they win, they join the team. If they lose, Kageyama will not get the chance to play as setter for one whole year.

3
"The Formidable Ally"
"Saikyō no mikata" (最強の味方)
April 20, 2014

Sawamura accepts the proposal match of Hinata and Kageyama, but he alters it. Instead of being a match against the third-years, it will be a 3-on-3 match, with first-years up against first-years. Sawamura reveals he will play on the team that Hinata and Kageyama aren't on and designates the aggressive spiker Tanaka "Ryu" Ryuunosuke as their teammate for the match. While practicing, Kageyama and Hinata meet fellow first-years Kei Tsukishima and Tadashi Yamaguchi, good friends with awful personalities who tease Kageyama about his title. Hinata and Kageyama, fueled on by anger, practice harder than ever, including conducting secret practices in the morning.

4
"The View From the Summit"
"Itadaki no Keshiki" (頂の景色)
April 27, 2014

The practice match that will determine the future of Kageyama and Hinata begins as Kageyama, Hinata, and Ryu battle Tsukishima, Yamaguchi, and captain Sawamura in a 3-on-3 first-years match. During the match, Kageyama begins to fall into his old setting habits, making it hard for Hinata and Ryu to spike the ball. When he does get in sync with them however, Tsukishima is predicting his moves and is managing to block all their spikes, in addition to his great height. It looks like it will be an easy win in the first set for the captain's team, but then Kageyama and Hinata start to succeed with their quick attack, which could completely change the outcome of the match.

5
"A Coward's Anxiety"
"Shōshinmono No Kinchō" (小心者の緊張)
May 4, 2014

Kageyama and Hinata begin to get in sync. As Kageyama's sets start hitting Hinata's hands every time, Tsukishima is forced to change his tactics at blocking. This frees Ryu up on the other side, and the team of Kageyama, Hinata, and Ryu is able to rally and win the 3-on-3 first-years match. Submitting to the deal, Kageyama and Hinata are accepted as official team members. Just then, the volleyball team's new teacher-in-charge Ittetsu Takeda arrives and announces he has been able to arrange a practice match with Aoba Johsai, one of the schools with a top volleyball team in the prefecture. However Aoba Johsai agrees to play on one condition: Kageyama must act as the setter for the entire match. Upon the news, Karasuno begins to practice harder for the match, but Hinata is submitting badly to pressure.

6
"An Interesting Team"
"Omoshiroi Chīmu" (面白いチーム)
May 11, 2014

Karasuno goes with the team of Daichi, Ryu, Kageyama, Hinata, Tsukishima, and Yamaguchi for their practice match against Aoba Johsai High. Before the match even begins Kageyama runs into his old teammate, Kindaichi, who continually calls him "King of the Court" in a bid to anger him, which works no longer. Once the match gets underway though, the quick attack of Kageyama and Hinata proves to be an effective weapon. However Kageyama reveals he doesn't think Aoba Johsai is using their true setter.

7
"Versus the Great King"
"VS Daiō-sama" (VS 大王様)
May 18, 2014

Oikawa returns for Aoba Johsai. He is revealed to be their captain and their official setter. He also is Kageyama's former senior from junior high. When Oikawa comes up to serve, he starts hitting perfect serves to Tsukishima, resulting in an ace every time. It isn't until Sawamura changes their formation that Karasuno is finally able to win the match against Aoba Johsai. However Oikawa reveals when they next meet, Aoba Johsai will be using all its aces from the start, and a very different result will be expected. On the bus ride home, Sawamura reveals that Karasuno also has a few surprises. Their libero, Yu "Noya" Nishinoya, is about to return and completely change Karasuno's dynamics as a team.

8
"The One They Call the "Ace""
""Ēsu" to Yobareru Hito" ("エース"と呼ばれる人)
May 25, 2014

Yu "Noya" Nishinoya returns and helps the team start getting better with receiving the ball. However Noya refuses to play in any game until their ace, Asahi Azumane returns. Meanwhile advisor Takeda continues to pursue Keishin Ukai as the next coach of Karasuno High. Ukai tells him he isn't like his grandfather who was the former coach and has no interest in 'babysitting a bunch of teenage boys', but Takeda comes up with a plan he believes will pull Ukai into the world of coaching.

9
"A Toss to the Ace"
"Ēsu e no tosu" (エースへのトス)
June 1, 2014

Ukai agrees to become the next coach of Karasuno after he learns of the upcoming practice match against Karasuno's former rival Nekoma High, but only until the practice match is finished. To learn the strengths of each of the current players, he arranges an exhibition for them against his local volleyball association, a group that happens to be alumnis of Karasuno. Third-year student Suguwara Koushi and Noya are placed on the association to allow an even match, as only four of the players had been able to make it. Filling in the last spot is Azumane, whom Hinata spots out the window. Now Azumane must prove he deserves the title ace and get past the triple block of Kageyama, Ryu, and Tsukishima to regain his lost confidence.

10
"Yearning"
"Akogare" (憧れ)
June 8, 2014

The practice match between Karasuno and the association continues with Karasuno down 1-0. Ukai manages to see firsthand how Hinata can be the ultimate decoy and learns how quickly Kageyama and Hinata have grown together as a duo. He also witnesses how Hinata's speed is difficult to keep up with. However an off-speed serve allows the association to get four straight aces and take a 24-18 lead. On the final point Ryu finally gets the chance to spike, but Noya manages to save the spike, and Azumane ends the game with a killer spike. With the practice match, the team members' strengths and weaknesses are plain to be seen, and he has to decide who will go for the practice match against Nekoma. One thing is for certain though, Kageyama and Hinata seem to have their fates tied together.

11
"Decision"
"Ketsudan" (決断)
June 15, 2014

Karasuno heads off to the practice match. During a jog on one of the days Hinata gets lost and runs into a volleyball player in a red jersey named Kozume Kenma. Before Kenma reveals which team he plays for one of his teammates shows up and leads him off to a practice match. After hesitating to decide a starting lineup, Ukai goes with Sawamura, Noya, Azumane, Ryu, Tsukishima, Kageyama and Hinata. Ukai reveals in the past Nekoma hasn't had outstanding players, but they have been a team that thrives on receives and kills. Before the match, Karasuno's players receive their jerseys, and Hinata has the number 10, the same number as his idol "Little Giant." He also learns the Little Giant was on the only Karasuno team that has made it to the Nationals and thinks it is destiny. Before the match begins, Nekoma and Karasuno line up outside and meet each other face-to-face, only for a shocked Hinata to realise that he will be playing against Kenma.

12
"The Cat and Crow Reunion"
"Neko to karasu no Saikai" (ネコとカラスの再会)
June 22, 2014

Nekoma and Karasuno begin their match with Kageyama and Hinata connecting on a quick attack that gives Karasuno the 1-0 lead. Nekoma realizes they're up against a genius setter, so they decide to start marking Hinata. Hinata's blocker gets used to his speed and feints and begins to start blocking his shots, allowing Nekoma to win the first set 25-22. However Kageyama uses the opportunity to teach Hinata how to do a straight attack and how to use his eyes to find holes in the opponents defense. Hinata ends up managing to change his spike path in mid-air during the second set. It ends up going too long, but Hinata realizes he may have a new dangerous weapon to go along with his quick attack if he can master it.

13
"Worthy Adversaries"
"Kōtekishu" (好敵手)
June 29, 2014

Nekoma and Karasuno play the second set to an epic 25-23 showdown, but in the end Karasuno falls just short. However the two schools reform a rivalry that is better than time could imagine. The two schools come to realize they each have similar personalities on their teams, and they each have first-years with goals and ambitions. Despite being thoroughly crushed, Karasuno vows to get revenge on the at Nationals. After the practice match, Ukai agrees to become the Karasuno regular full-time coach.

14
"Formidable Opponents"
"Kyōteki-tachi" (強敵たち)
July 6, 2014

The bracket for the Inter-High Preliminaries is announced, and Karasuno pushes themselves harder than ever with final practices, working on back-end spikes and signals. The lost Karasuno volleyball flag that is branded "Fly" is also found tucked away in the store room. As the team chat together, Hinata and Kageyama reveal they have had a race every morning to the gym since they've been teammates. Kageyama currently leads 32-30, but Hinata vows to defeat him in every way possible until they can faceoff in a match against each other again. Meanwhile, Yamaguchi is secretly working on mastering the unique jump float serve so he won't be the only first-year without an ability to contribute to the team.

15
"We're Back"
"Fukkatsu" (復活)
July 13, 2014

Karasuno arrives for their first matches on both the men's and women's sides of the tourney. On the men's side, onlookers discuss how Karasuno had done well in the past but are now "Flightless Ravens." On the women's side, the Karasuno players begin voicing their fears, with some wishing they had practiced more. Aoba Johsai watches from the stands and wonders how the addition of a coach and two new players, Azumane and Noya, will change Karasuno's attack. As the match begins, Kageyama sets to Ryu for a quick spike and kill. The second point goes to Azumane. Finally, the quick attack of Kageyama and Hinata is unveiled on the third point. It is only the first set, but with Karasuno leading 3-0, the spectators are beginning to realize that Karasuno is back and possibly better than ever.

16
"Winners and Losers"
"Shousha to Haisha" (勝者と敗者)
July 20, 2014

Karasuno's boys team wins set one 25-12, but the Sawamura's old friend delivers one phrase that makes Karasuno stay serious for the second set. Kageyama gets five quick service aces, and Karasuno's boys team wins set two 25-14. The girls team isn't so lucky as they fall in two sets and wonder what they could've done to be able to keep playing. After some promises made to those who have lost, Karasuno's freshmen learn how just three months before Karasuno was shutdown by Dateko High, their opponent for the second round. Ukai goes with the same lineup from the first game and Noya delivers a speech that boosts the morale of the upperclassmen. Despite all the extra boost and morale, Dateko's famous weapon known as the "Iron Wall" has not been unveiled yet.

17
"The Iron Wall"
"Teppeki" (鉄壁)
July 27, 2014

Dateko and Karasuno battle it out in the second round. Dateko's giant, #7 reveals he is targeting Hinata, forcing Kageyama to reveal the super quick attack. The super quick attack seems to give Karasuno a slight advantage, allowing them to take an 18-16 lead. When the giant targets Hinata on a super quick attack, Karasuno is able to reveal their last ace. Karasuno perfects their version of Nekoma's tactic "Pipe" by getting a delayed set to Azumane, who is set up behind Hinata, and scores.

18
"Guarding Your Back"
"Senaka no Mamori" (背中の護り)
August 3, 2014

Karasuno manages to get on a roll in the first set and steals the game 25-21. For the second set they perform a double rotation to get Hinata away from the Giant #7. While this free's up Hinata for more quick attacks, it also means the match's result will rely heavily on Azumane's ability to blast through the "Iron Wall" as he faces #7. When Hinata becomes the vanguard up front, Karasuno is able to slowly increase their lead. However Hinata rotates to the back with the score 24-22. Should they go to a third game, Karasuno knows they will be at a disadvantage. It all relies on Azumane's skills to get past the wall. As the match ends and Karasuno is leaving the gym, they look over to see Aoba Johsai is up 24-13 in the first set of their first round match.

19
"Conductors"
"Shikisha" (指揮者)
August 10, 2014

Karasuno observes Aoba Johsai's second match and decide to focus on attacking Oikawa, especially after a local television interview focusing solely on Oikawa's skills. The match takes place the next day, and Karasuno seems to be more motivated than ever. Oikawa does a quick setter dump to give Aoba Johsai a 1-0 lead, and he follows it up with a fake dump serve giving them a 2-0 lead. However Kageyama reveals he has tricks of his own that haven't been revealed and pulls a server dump off right back cutting the lead down to 2-1.

20
"Toru Oikawa is not a Genius"
"Oikawa Tooru wa Tensai de wa Nai" (及川徹は天才ではない)
August 17, 2014

Oikawa and Kageyama continue to match up head-to-head as they try to prove who is the superior setter. Their junior high days compared through the episode as Oikawa was shown to have a selfish personality three years ago. During the match, Aoba Johsai begins to predict Kageyama's movements with ease, which is about to cause him to go into his "King Mode". Suddenly, Sugawara is substituting for Kageyama as a setter.

21
"Senpai's True Abilities"
"Senpai no Jitsuryoku" (先輩の実力)
August 24, 2014

Sugawara subs in for Kageyama, sealing the first set for Aoba Johsai. Kageyama is shocked as he watches the real ability of Sugawara in setting. Sugawara not only tries his hardest in setting, but encourages other people to give a little extra when playing their respective positions. Aoba Johsai is shocked when Hinata didn't speak or call for the sets that Aoba Johsai knows. Karasuno takes the lead in the second set, but Oikawa's predictions start coming true and allow Aoba Johsai back into the match.

22
"Evolution"
"Shinka" (進化)
August 31, 2014

After being subbed back in Kageyama begins to try to communicate with each of his teammates. He begins to learn where the best setting point is for each of them, and Tsukishima comes up with a new attack that proves Karasuno can be a threat from all fronts.

23
"The Point that Changes the Momentum"
"Nagare o Kaeru Ippon" (流れを変える一本)
September 7, 2014

Aoba Johsai begins to pull away in set 3, forcing Coach Ukai to make some drastic decisions. Yamaguchi is subbed in as a pinch server, but the pressure proves to be too much to overcome. A service error occurs, but the error allows Karasuno to calm down and climb back within two.

24
"Removing the Solitary King"
"Nugu "Kodoku no Ou-sama"" (脱・"孤独の王様")
September 14, 2014

Kageyama begins to match Toru point for point. The teams become dead even at 25 a piece. Long sets begin to drain both teams, and Toru acknowledges that Kageyama has realized what teamwork is all about and is no longer the solitary king. The game winning points are shown.

25
"The Third Day"
"Mikkame" (三日目)
September 21, 2014

After suffering a heartbreaking loss to Aoba Johsai, the third years must decide if they will retire or participate in the spring tournament. Kageyama and Hinata vent their frustration on the court after their practice has been cancelled. The winner of the fall tournament is revealed to be Shiratorizawa, and Karasuno begins their first real practice to get ready for the spring tournament.

OVA
"The Arrival of Haiba Lev"
"Riēfu Genkan!" (リエーフ見参！)
November 9, 2014

The episode follows the progress of Lev Haiba, a first-year Middle Blocker who aspires to become Nekoma's ace.

tag: table

text: Season 2[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date

26 (1)
"Let's Go To Tokyo!!"
"Retsu Gō Tōkyō!!" (レッツゴートーキョー！！)
October 4, 2015

After losing in the Inter-High Preliminaries, Karasuno is busy practicing. As Coach Ukai wishes for more practice matches for the team, their teacher-in-charge Ittetsu Takeda barges in with great news: Karasuno has been invited to take part in Nekoma's training camp! Kageyama and Hinata get lost during a run and ends up meeting with the top school, Shiratorizawa Academy's captain, Ushijima. After Ushijima claims that the only good player from Aoba Jōhsai High is Oikawa, Hinata challenges him.

27 (2)
"Direct Sunlight"
"Chokusha Nikkō" (直射日光)
October 11, 2015

Hinata, Kageyama, Nishinoya, and Tanaka are devastated by the possibility of not going to Tokyō to play if they fail any of their exams. When forced to study, the second years go to Tanaka's place, but Kageyama and Hinata are having a harder time with their reluctant tutor, Tsukishima. Luckily, Hitoka Yachi, the new manager Shimizu is trying to draft, proves more helpful at teaching the duo.

28 (3)
"Townsperson B"
"Murabito B" (村人B)
October 18, 2015

Yachi feels conflicted about joining the volleyball team, but after watching their practice match against Ōginishi High, she begins to see the charm of the team. However, she is having a difficult time expressing her feelings to her mother, afraid that she might disapprove. Luckily, Hinata helps her overcome it by showing to her that even a small role such as a "Townsperson B" can be great.

29 (4)
"Center Ace"
"Sentā Ēsu" (センターエース)
October 25, 2015

After Hinata and Kageyama finish their supplementary exam, Tanaka calls his sister, Saeko Tanaka to take them to join the team at the training camp. Without the power duo, Karasuno has been losing badly, forced to do nine consecutive laps of tiring diving drills. Now with Hinata and Kageyama back on, Karasuno finally wins their first match on the day; however Eikichi from Shinzen High manages to touch on Hinata's quick's. Later on, Hinata meets the half Russian player from Nekoma High Lev Haiba, who promises him that he will be the first one to stop his quick.

30 (5)
"Greed"
"Yoku" (欲)
November 1, 2015

Hinata expresses how he wants to improve so that he would be capable of competing by himself, but Kageyama replies that in doing so he would break the team apart. Hinata interprets him as being unsupportive of his wishes, and they argue to the point they ignore each other. The team worry about the situation, and hope that the two would reconcile soon.

31 (6)
"Tempo"
"Tenpo" (テンポ)
November 8, 2015

Kageyama seeks out Oikawa for help regarding Hinata's wish to hit the quick on his own will while Coach Ukai takes Hinata to see the former coach of Karasuno's volleyball club to get some advice on how to improve his skills and learn to fight on his own. The two first-years learn that Hinata has the absolute leadership in the attack, so Kageyama has to learn to give Hinata the tosses he wants, and Hinata has to learn more about the techniques to different quicks in order to improve.

32 (7)
"Moonrise"
"Tsukinode" (月の出)
November 15, 2015

Karasuno arrives at Shinzen High's campus for the training camp. They practice against Fukurōdani Academy, one of the top schools, and Hinata realises that Kageyama's tosses have changed so now the latter will have to work harder in order to hit them. However, the two first-years aren't the only ones who are trying new moves, and the other schools recognise their efforts in doing so.

33 (8)
"Illusionary Hero"
"Genkaku Hīrō" (幻覚ヒーロー)
November 22, 2015

Tsukishima begins to think that he shouldn’t put so much effort in training anymore like his brother did, to avoid being disappointed if he fails. Despite practicing very hard, Akiteru failed to become a regular player for Karasuno due to the number of more talented players on the team, including Hinata’s idol, the "Little Giant."

34 (9)
"VS. Umbrella"
"VS Kasa" (VS 傘)
November 29, 2015

Karasuno is up against Nekoma in a practice match, and Hinata recognises that Kageyama had subconsciously tossed the ball the way he used to when Hinata's eyes were closed. The middle blocker points this out, so Kageyama decides to practice on his own in order to give Hinata the exact tosses he wants. This causes Hinata to be free to join Tsukishima's practices with Kuroo, Akaashi and Bokuto, exceptionally skilled players from Fukurodani. Lev joins in, and their 3-on-3 match gives Hinata the chance to learn new moves he could use against future opponents.

35 (10)
"Gear"
"Haguruma" (歯車)
December 5, 2015

For the last practice match of the training camp, Karasuno is against Fukurōdani again. This time, they have somewhat polished their moves to the point where they are able to gain points and become neck-to-neck in the scores. Takeda likens their mastering of the new skills and executing them to gain points as cogs working together. Their ability to have improved so much in a week and catch up with their team in terms of points causes their ace, Bokuto to fall in a dejected mode.

36 (11)
"Above"
"Ue" (上)
December 12, 2015

With Bokuto in his dejected mode, Karasuno learns from first-hand experience why Fukurōdani has one of the top volleyball teams in Tokyo. Fukurōdani ends up winning the match, with Bokuto scoring the final point. The training camp comes to an end with a barbecue for the players. Karasuno returns back to school to continue practising and honing in their skills, and other volleyball teams of the prefecture are busy practising for the Spring Tournament.

37 (12)
"Let the Games Begin!!"
"Shiai Kaishi" (試合開始！！)
December 19, 2015

Karasuno's first opponents are Ougiminami High, one of the teams Shiratorizawa had defeated in the Inter-High Preliminaries. Former Coach Ukai comes along to watch Karasuno play, and the general public comment on how much Karasuno has changed from the rumours. Hinata bumps into Yoshiki Towada in the bathrooms, and vows that Karasuno would beat their team and their future opponents in order to make it into the nationals.

38 (13)
"A Simple and Pure Strength"
"Shinpuru de Junsuina Chikara" (シンプルで純粋な力)
December 26, 2015

Karasuno's next opponent is Kakugawa, a volleyball team that has a player who is 201cm tall. Former Coach Ukai comes to watch the match, and Karasuno tries their best to work around the height advantage their opponent has. After their win, Karasuno bumps into Johzenji, who is fated to be their next opponent.

39 (14)
"Still Growing"
"Sodachi Zagari" (育ち盛り)
January 10, 2016

After the match, Karasuno reflects on their performance and seeks areas they could improve on. Tsukishima seeks help from his brother and coach on learning how to block spikers whom are taller and stronger than him. Kageyama spies on Aoba Jōsai and is astonished by Oikawa's skills as a setter. Karasuno goes back to Kanto and practice perfecting their new skills, showing their opponents how much they had improved since the last training camp. They arrive back in time for the match against Johzenji.

40 (15)
"Place to Play"
"Asobiba" (アソビバ)
January 17, 2016

Karasuno arrives at the stadium to play their game against Jozenji. They win the first set, but expect the next set to be harder because the Jozenji team takes many risks and are unpredictable.

41 (16)
"Next"
"Tsugi he" (次へ)
January 24, 2016

Johzenji makes a spirited comeback after a stern talk by their manager Hana Misaki, but comes up short, as Terushima's attempt to copy Karasuno's synchronized attack goes out of bounds. The play costs them the match, after which Hana, a third-year, retires as manager. Karasuno's next opponent is Wakutani South, a team whose captain has skills similar to those of the Little Giant, as noted by Coach Ukai.

42 (17)
"The Battle Without Willpower"
"Konjounashi no Tatakai" (根性無しの戦い)
January 31, 2016

With Daichi injured, Ennoshita takes the captain's spot in the game. Ennoshita reflects on how he had abandoned the volleyball club when he was a first-year, and decides that he would not run away from this match. Yamaguchi is subbed in as an ace server, and he is able to get one float serve past the net.

43 (18)
"The Losers"
"Haibokusha-tachi" (敗北者達)
February 7, 2016

As Aoba Jōsai's match against Date Tech starts, Karasuno's match against Wakutani continues. Despite the weakened defence with Daichi's absence, Ennoshita finds a way for the team to continue scoring. Hinata incorporates the new moves he learnt during the Tokyo training camps, and Karasuno is able to gain victory against Wakutani.

44 (19)
"The Iron Wall Can Be Rebuilt Again and Again"
"Teppeki wa Nando demo Kizukareru" (鉄壁は何度でも築かれる)
February 14, 2016

Date Tech is up against Aoba Jōsai. Karasuno observes from the stands, and sees the new setter, the tall but inexperienced Koganegawa, on the court along with the remaining members of the team they played against last time. His height makes the match intense, but due to his lack of experience in blocking as part of the trademark iron wall, Aoba Jōsai is able to gain victory with their ace's strong spike earning them the winning point.

45 (20)
"Wiping Out"
"Fusshoku" (払拭)
February 21, 2016

Aoba Jōsai starts the match with Oikawa's serve, and team is able to recognise that Karasuno have improved immensely as a team. Despite Hinata and Kageyama's new quick having been altered slightly, the Seijō third-years are able to think of a tactic to narrow its path to one they can handle more effectively. Karasuno pulls ahead in the first set, but a new player from Seijō is subbed in and completely changes the rhythm of the game.

46 (21)
"The Destroyer"
"Kowashi-ya" (壊し屋)
February 28, 2016

Karasuno recognises that Kyōtani is a double-edged sword in the match: he makes just as many mistakes as he does attacks, and if Aoba Jōsai does not use him successfully, his presence in the game can backfire their intentions to increase their offensive power. Sugawara is subbed into the game to help Karasuno gain more points, but is soon switched back out when the formation changes. Coach Ukai considers bringing Yamaguchi in as a pinch server to win the second set from Aoba Jōsai.

47 (22)
"The Former Coward's Fight"
"Moto okubyōmono no tatakai" (元臆病者の戦い)
March 6, 2016

Yamaguchi is subbed in as the pinch server and his serves are able to gain Karasuno more points. The gap between the two teams have shrunk, but Oikawa's strong serves win Aoba Jōsai the second set. Now they have to get to the third set to determine the winners.

48 (23)
"Team"
"Chīmu" (チーム)
March 13, 2016

The two teams are battling to win the third set, and Kyōtani's efforts are starting to become more reckless. He gets switched off, and has to calm down in order to play again. With the help of Yahaba, he does get back on to continue scoring points against Karasuno, and is finally able to play with Aoba Jōsai as a teammate. With Karasuno in the lead, will they be able to win the set and advance?

49 (24)
"The Absolute Limit Switch"
"Zettai rimittosuitchi" (絶対リミットスイッチ)
March 20, 2016

It's the last set, and Karasuno is in the lead. Aoba Jōsai and Karasuno try their hardest to win, with the thought that the strongest six would be the ones who claim victory. But Karasuno triumphs, as they win the match with Kageyama and Hinata's quick spike. Oikawa reflects that it is impossible for someone with no natural talent to beat any volleyball genius, no matter how much he trains, strategize or who his teammates are, but he will continue on the path ahead of him with everything he's got.

50 (25)
"Declaration of War"
"Sensen fukoku" (宣戦布告)
March 27, 2016

Karasuno are through to the finals to determine the Miyagi representative for the Spring High Tournament. Aoba Jōhsai lament on their loss, but vow to beat Karasuno the following year. Oikawa bumps into Ushijima, in which the latter tells him that he had chosen the wrong path, but the former tells him that there is no one team that can guarantee victory. Later on, Ushijima approaches Karasuno at the entrance of the gymnasium, and Hinata and Kageyama vow to beat Shiratorizawa to make it to the nationals.

OVA2
"VS Failing Grades"
"VS Akaten" (赤点)
May 2, 2016

text: Season 3[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original air date

51 (1)
"Greetings"
"Go Aisatsu" (ごあいさつ)
October 8, 2016

It's the start of the game against Shiratorizawa, and Karasuno's supporters are there to cheer the team on. The starting players of both teams are introduced to the audience and the first match begins with Ushijima scoring a kill off Nishinoya. But the libero is not discouraged, instead is ready to play with his teammates against the left-handed ace.

52 (2)
"The Threat of "Left""
""Hidari" no Kyōi" (“左”の脅威)
October 15, 2016

The game of Karasuno vs. Shiratorizawa continues and Shiratorizawa wins the first set with a great 25-16.However, the Karasuno team is not discouraged and vows to win the next set. Meanwhile, Akiteru explains to the others the difference between a left-handed spike and a right-handed spike.

Note: This episode is dedicated in memory of Kazunari Tanaka, who passed away on October 10, 2016.[10]

53 (3)
"GUESS-MONSTER"
(GUESS・MONSTER)
October 22, 2016

Karasuno is having trouble with blocking Ushijima, but before they could stop the left-handed ace, they have another problem to face - Tendou Satori, the Guess Monster.

54 (4)
"The Halo Around the Moon"
"Tsuki no Wa" (月の輪)
October 29, 2016

After a barrage of powerful spikes from Ushijima, Karasuno finds a way to slow him down by preventing his cross-court spike. With Tsukishima setting the timing for the three-man block and Nishinoya getting comfortable with Ushijima's spikes, Karasuno comes through with a total defense against the nationally ranked super-ace. After many tireless rallies Shiratorizawa's setter becomes impatient with his toss resulting in a low set-up and a hastened approach from Ushijima. Waiting for this calculated opportunity Tsukishima creates a temporary opening to bait Ushijima only to sweep his block last-second, closing the opening and stuffing the spike. Tsukishima roars with emotion and triumph, the audience and his team join in the celebration for taking the second set.

55 (5)
"Individual VS Numbers"
"Ko vs. Kazu" (個ＶＳ数)
November 5, 2016

Karasuno win the set because of Tsukishima Kei's block defense. Shirabu's past life in junior high and the reason for his entering Shiratorizawa are revealed.

56 (6)
"The Chemical Change of Encounters"
"Deai no Kagaku Henka" (出会いの化学変化)
November 12, 2016

Three years ago, Daichi, Sugawara and Azumane joined Karasuno's volleyball team. After failing to win at the Inter-High Championship, their captain urges them that if they have the chance to win nationals, they need to take it. Karasuno is now in the fourth set of their match against Shiratorizawa, and though they are utilizing new tactics, they also face the fatigue that comes with a longer game.

57 (7)
"Obsession"
"Kodawari" (こだわり)
November 19, 2016

Thanks to Hinata's surprising left-hand attack, Karasuno wins another set from Shiratorizawa, and moves on to the final and fifth set, the set that will decide the winner! The final set is going to be quick, ending at fifteen points, so Karasuno swtches setters from Kageyama to Suguwara to let him rest. However, Satori is predicting Suguwara's every move, and scores a point successfully. Suguwara follows up with a mix of synchronized attacks, in which he spikes and scores. The match continues as such, but Tsukishima is injured while trying to block Ushijima's spike, and is sent to the infirmary, causing Karasuno to fall behind badly. Episodes of Satori and Ushijima's lives when they were young are also shown.

58 (8)
"An Annoying Guy"
"Iya na Otoko" (嫌な男)
November 26, 2016

To secure a win, Hinata is switched back into the game, and because of his short height, accidentally uses his cheek to receive the ball, allowing Suguwara to set and him to spike and score a point. This annoys Ushijima greatly, and he resolves to crush Karasuno, especially Hinata. Kageyama is switched back from Suguwara after the successful synchronized attacks, and the power duo pull off a straight-down hit immediately. Hinata also manages to block Ushijima's spike and score again, but Hinata is switched out, replaced by Yamaguchi, and Shiratorizawa's future ace Goshiki touched the net, so Karasuno gets the point. Narita also works with Kageyama to score, and pull off a successful attempt, and it's a tie against the two schools. Goshiki panicks, and lets Karasuno take the lead in the meantime, and Hinata is switched back in. However, despite all Karasuno's efforts, Shiratorizawa is at match point. When Daichi turns it into a deuce at 14-14 however, tensions begin to rise. As Shiratorizawa scores again, Karasuno begins to deflate, but looks up to find Tsukishima back from the infirmary, and ready to play with them again.

59 (9)
"The Volleyball Idiots"
"Barē Baka-tachi" (バレー馬鹿たち)
December 3, 2016

Tsukishima is finally back in the game after he injured his right pinky, but that did not stop him. With both teams having run out of time outs, the next time they step out of the court, one of them is going to be a team of victors while the other will have to taste bitter defeat. The episode ends as Hinata approaches to attack with a minus 2 tempo back attack.

60 (10)
"The Battle of Concepts"
"Konseputo no Tatakai" (コンセプトの戦い)
December 10, 2016

Karasuno defeats Shiratorizawa, they go home with tears of happiness, and resolve themselves to win the coming Spring Interhigh tournament.


document_title: Mars Attacks!

question_text: who played jack black's girlfriend in mars attacks

question_tokens: who played jack black 's girlfriend in mars attacks

text: Mars Attacks!

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Kentucky, a family watches in confusion as a herd of cattle starts running past their home, on fire. A spaceship explodes before it returns to Mars, and hundreds of other Martian ships leave Mars and head towards Earth. President James Dale, along with his aides, addresses the United States concerning the historic event. The President's science aides set up a first contact meeting with the Martians in Pahrump, Nevada as President Dale watches the development on TV with his wife Marsha and his daughter Taffy.

tag: p

text: Using a translation machine, the Ambassador of Mars announces that they "come in peace". When a hippie releases a dove as a symbol of peace, the Ambassador shoots and kills it before he and the other Martians slaughter a large number of people at the event, including General Casey, news reporter Jason Stone and Billy-Glenn Norris before capturing chat-show host Nathalie Lake and her pet Chihuahua Poppy, whose heads they later transpose back onboard one of their flying saucers.

text: Thinking that the Martians assumed that the dove was a symbol of war, President Dale tells Professor Donald Kessler to renegotiate with the Martians, whose ambassador is invited to address the United States Congress. At this meeting, the Martians massacre most of Congress. Donald begs the Martian Ambassador to stop, but is rendered unconscious and taken aboard their ship, where he is later shown with his body parts dismembered and his disembodied head remaining animated. General Decker tries to convince President Dale to retaliate with nuclear warfare, but the President refuses.

text: After a failed attempt to assassinate President Dale, the Martians invade Earth, starting with Washington, D.C. As they attack the White House, the Secret Service evacuates the President, but the First Lady Marsha is crushed to death by the Nancy Reagan chandelier. Taffy vanishes during the chaos. After the U.S. government unsuccessfully attempts a nuclear attack on the mother ship, the Martians expand their invasion to the rest of Earth, defacing world landmarks for their own amusement as they do so. That night, the Martians breach the bunker where Dale has been taken and the leader reduces Decker to the size of an insect before killing him. The Martians kill everyone else in the bunker except for Dale, who makes an impassioned speech in an attempt to plea for peace and his life. The Martians seem convinced, but then use a false hand to kill the President.

text: As the Martians ravage Las Vegas with Art Land, a Las Vegas developer, being among their victims, Byron Williams, a casino employee and former world champion boxer, leads a small group of survivors consisting of Barbara Land (Art's wife), Tom Jones, a beautiful waitress named Cindy, and a gambling lawyer to an airfield in the hopes of flying a small jet to safety. They barely make it, losing the lawyer in the process, but discover a large group of Martians stationed there as they are preparing to take off. Byron creates a diversion by challenging them to a fistfight. While he succeeds in killing the Ambassador, he is outnumbered and overwhelmed, but Tom, Barbara and Cindy escape.

text: Billy-Glenn's brother Richie discovers that the Martians' heads explode when they hear Slim Whitman's song "Indian Love Call." He and his grandmother Florence drive around town, using the song to kill the Martians. The military thereafter broadcast the song around the globe, killing most of the Martians and their leader and causing the few remaining survivors to try to flee from Earth. Nathalie and Donald's disembodied heads kiss while the Martian spaceship they are on explodes when it crashes into the ocean.

text: In the aftermath, Richie and Florence are awarded the Medal of Honor by Taffy, she being the only surviving member of the government. Byron, who survived his brawl with the Martians, arrives in D.C. to reunite with his former wife Louise and their two sons Cedric and Neville (who saved Dale's life back in the White House using two guns they stole from a dead Martian) as the devastation is being cleaned up. Barbara, Cindy and Tom Jones emerge from a cave with some animals to see dozens of crashed Martian ships in the adjacent Lake Tahoe.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jack Nicholson as President James Dale, the President of the United States.

Nicholson also portrays Art Land, a developer in Las Vegas.

Glenn Close as First Lady Marsha Dale, James Dale's wife.
Annette Bening as Barbara Land, Art Land's wife.
Pierce Brosnan as Professor Donald Kessler, a scientist working for President Dale who is later captured and experimented on by the Martians.
Danny DeVito as Rude Gambler
Martin Short as Press Secretary Jerry Ross
Sarah Jessica Parker as Nathalie Lake, a talk show host who is later captured and experimented on by the Martians.
Michael J. Fox as Jason Stone, a news reporter who is killed during the Martians' first attack.
Rod Steiger as General Decker, a U.S. Army general who works for President Dale.
Lukas Haas as Richie Norris, Billy-Glenn Norris's younger brother.
Natalie Portman as Taffy Dale, James and Marsha Dale's daughter.
Jim Brown as Byron Williams, a Las Vegas casino employee and former boxer.
Lisa Marie Smith as Martian Girl, a Martian posing as a human female.
Sylvia Sidney as Florence Norris, Richie and Billy-Glenn's grandmother.
Tom Jones as Himself
Christina Applegate as Sharona, Billy-Glenn's girlfriend.
Pam Grier as Louise Williams, Byron's former wife.
Jack Black as Billy-Glenn Norris, a U.S. Army private who is Richie's older brother and gets himself killed trying to stand up to the Martians.
Paul Winfield as General Casey
Janice Rivera as Cindy, a co-worker of Byron.
Brian Haley as Mitch, a Secret Service agent.
Joe Don Baker as Mr. Norris, Billy-Glenn and Richie's father.
O-Lan Jones as Sue-Ann Norris, Billy-Glenn and Richie's mother.
Ray J and Brandon Hammond as Cedric and Neville Williams, Byron and Louise's sons.
Jerzy Skolimowski as Dr. Zeigler, a scientist who created a device that (badly) translated the Martian language.
Barbet Schroeder as Maurice, the President of France.
Joseph Maher as White House Decorator
Steve Valentine as TV Director
Frank Welker as Martian Vocal Effects
Roger L. Jackson as Dr. Zeigler's translator (voice uncredited)

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In 1985, Alex Cox pitched the idea of a film based on the Mars Attacks trading card series as a joint-production to Orion and Tristar Pictures. He wrote three drafts over the next four years, but was replaced by Martin Amis before Orion/Tristar placed Mars Attacks in turnaround.[2]

text: Jonathan Gems, who had previously written multiple unproduced screenplays for director Tim Burton, came up with his own idea for a Mars Attacks film in 1993. The writer pitched both concepts of Mars Attacks and Dinosaurs Attack! to Burton,[3] who both decided that Dinosaurs Attack! would be too similar to Jurassic Park (1993).[4] Burton, who was busy preparing Ed Wood (1994), believed that Mars Attacks! would be a perfect opportunity to pay homage to the films of Edward D. Wood, Jr., especially Plan 9 from Outer Space (1959), and other 1950s science fiction B movies,[3] such as Invaders from Mars (1953),[5] It Came from Outer Space (1953),[4] The War of the Worlds (1953), Target Earth (1954), Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956) and Earth vs. the Flying Saucers (1956).[3]

text: Burton set Mars Attacks! up with Warner Bros. and the studio purchased the film rights to the trading card series on his behalf.[6] The original theatrical release date was planned for the summer of 1996. Gems completed his original script in 1994, which was budgeted by Warner Bros. at $260 million. The studio wanted to make the film for no more than $60 million.[7] After turning in numerous drafts in an attempt to lower the budget, Gems was replaced by Ed Wood writers Scott Alexander and Larry Karaszewski.[3]

text: Gems eventually returned to the project, writing a total of 12 drafts of the script. Although he is credited with both the screen story and screenplay of Mars Attacks!, Gems dedicates his novelization of the movie to Burton, who "co-wrote the screenplay and didn't ask for a credit".[3] Warner Bros. was dubious of the Martian dialogue and wanted Burton to add closed captioning subtitles, but he resisted.[8] Working with Burton, Gems pared the film's 60 leading characters down to 23, and the worldwide destruction planned for the film was isolated to three major cities. Scenes featuring Martians attacking China, the Philippines, Japan, Europe, Africa, India, and Russia were deleted from the screenplay. "Bear in mind this was way before Independence Day (1996) was written," Gems commented. "We had things like Manhattan being destroyed building by building, the White House went and so did the Empire State Building. Warner Bros. figured all this would be too expensive, so we cut most of that out to reduce the cost."[7] Howard Stern claimed that the film's climax, where an attack by Martians was thwarted by playing Slim Whitman songs to them, was originally created by him when he worked at WNBC in 1982, in a sketch named "Slim Whitman vs. The Midget Aliens From Mars." As Burton listened to the sketch while being interviewed by Stern, he dismissed it as mere coincidence.[9]

text: Casting[edit]

text: The decision to hire an A-list ensemble cast for Mars Attacks! parallels the strategy Irwin Allen used for his disaster films, notably The Poseidon Adventure (1972) and The Towering Inferno (1974).[3] Jack Nicholson, approached for the role of president, jokingly remarked he wanted to play all the roles.[10] Burton agreed to cast Nicholson as both Art Land and President Dale, specifically remembering his positive working relationship with the actor on Batman.[3]

text: Susan Sarandon was originally set to play Barbara Land before Annette Bening was cast.[10] Bening modeled the character after Ann-Margret's performance in Viva Las Vegas (1964).[4] Hugh Grant was the first choice for Professor Donald Kessler, which eventually went to Pierce Brosnan.[11] Meryl Streep, Diane Keaton and Stockard Channing were considered for First Lady Marsha Dale, but Glenn Close won the role.[10] In addition to Nicholson, other actors who reunited with Burton on Mars Attacks! include Sylvia Sidney from Beetlejuice (1988), O-Lan Jones from Edward Scissorhands (1990), and Danny DeVito from Batman Returns (1992), continuing Burton's trend of recasting actors several times from his previous works.[12]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The originally scheduled start date was mid-August 1995, but filming was delayed until February 26, 1996.[11] Director Tim Burton hired Peter Suschitzky as the cinematographer, because he was a fan of his work in David Cronenberg's films. Production designer Thomas Wynn (A Beautiful Mind, Malcolm X) intended to have the war room pay tribute to Dr. Strangelove (1964).[13] During production, Burton insisted that the art direction, cinematography and costume design of Mars Attacks! incorporate the look of the 1960s trading cards.[5]

text: On designing the Martian (played by Burton's then-girlfriend Lisa Marie Smith) who seduces Jerry Ross (Martin Short), costume designer Colleen Atwood took combined inspiration from the playing cards, Marilyn Monroe, the work of Alberto Vargas and Jane Fonda in Barbarella (1968).[14] Filming for Mars Attacks! ended on June 1, 1996.[15] The film score was written/composed by Burton's regular Danny Elfman, to whom Burton was reconciled after a quarrel occurred during The Nightmare Before Christmas (1993), for which they did not co-operate in producing Ed Wood (1994). Elfman enlisted the help of Oingo Boingo lead guitarist Steve Bartek to help arrange the compositions for the orchestra.[3]

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: Tim Burton initially intended to use stop motion animation to feature the Martians,[4] viewing it as a homage to the work of Ray Harryhausen, primarily Jason and the Argonauts. Similar to his own Beetlejuice, Burton "wanted to make [the special effects] look cheap and purposely fake-looking as possible."[3] He first approached Henry Selick, director of The Nightmare Before Christmas, to supervise the stop motion work, but Selick was busy directing James and the Giant Peach, also produced by Burton. Despite the fact that Warner Bros. was skeptical of the escalating budget and had not yet greenlit the film for production, Burton hired Barry Purves to shepherd the stop-motion work. Purves created an international team of about 70 animators, who worked on Mars Attacks! for eight months[4] and began compiling test footage in Burbank, California.[3] The department workers studied Gloria Swanson's choreography and movement as Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard for inspiration on the Martians' movement.[4]

text: When the budget was projected at $100 million[15] (Warner Bros. wanted it for no more than $75 million),[3] producer Larry J. Franco commissioned a test reel from Industrial Light & Magic (ILM), the visual effects company he worked with on Jumanji. Burton was persuaded to change his mind to employ computer animation, which brought the final production budget to $80 million. Although Purves was uncredited for his work,[4] stop-motion supervisors Ian Mackinnon and Peter Saunders, who would later collaborate with Burton on Corpse Bride, received character design credit.[3] Warner Digital Studios was responsible for the scenes of global destruction, airborne flying saucer sequences, the Martian landing in Nevada, and the robot that chases Richie Norris in his pickup truck. Warner Digital also used practical effects, such as building scale models of Big Ben and other landmarks. The destruction of Art Land's hotel was footage of the real-life night-time demolition of The Landmark Hotel and Casino, a building Burton wished to immortalize.[12]

text: Title sequence[edit]

text: The movie’s opening sequence, which depicts the saucers leaving Mars and flying to Earth, "measured some 5,000 frames long and was created almost entirely by computer graphics. While the first shot showing a lone reconnaissance ship leaving earth was handled by ILM, the tour de force sequence’s remaining 12 shots were all done by Warner Digital.... On Mars, irises open over the craters dotting the craggy surface, emitting hundreds of thousands of saucers that assume battle formations and head for Earth." [16][17][18]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Mars Attacks!

Soundtrack album by Danny Elfman

Released
March 4, 1997

Recorded
1996

Genre
Soundtrack

Length
46:44

Label
Atlantic Records

Producer
Danny Elfman

Danny Elfman chronology

Extreme Measures
(1996)Extreme Measures1996
Mars Attacks!
(1996)
Men in Black
(1997)Men in Black1997

text: The film's music was composed by Danny Elfman. The soundtrack was released on March 4, 1997 by Atlantic Records.

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All music composed by Danny Elfman (except "Indian Love Call", performed by Slim Whitman and "It's Not Unusual", performed by Tom Jones).

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Introduction"
1:40

2.
"Main Titles"
2:22

3.
"First Sighting"
1:26

4.
"The Landing"
6:01

5.
"Ungodly Experiments"
0:53

6.
"State Address"
3:06

7.
"Martian Madame"
3:02

8.
"Martian Lounge"
2:54

9.
"Return Message"
2:17

10.
"Destructo X"
1:17

11.
"Loving Heads"
1:20

12.
"Pursuit"
2:55

13.
"The War Room"
1:31

14.
"Airfield Dilemma"
2:05

15.
"New World"
1:45

16.
"Ritchie's Speech"
3:09

17.
"End Credits"
3:53

18.
"Indian Love Call" (performed by Slim Whitman)
3:08

19.
"It's Not Unusual" (performed by Tom Jones)
2:00

Total length:
46:44

text: Reception[edit]

text: Release and box office[edit]

text: Warner Bros. spent $20 million on the movie's marketing campaign; together with $80 million spent during production, the final combined budget came to $100 million.[19] A novelization, written by screenwriter Jonathan Gems, was published by Puffin Books in January 1997.[20] The film was released in the United States on December 13, 1996, earning $9.38 million in its opening weekend. Mars Attacks! eventually made $37.77 million in US totals and $63.6 million elsewhere, coming to a worldwide total of $101.37 million.[21]

text: The film was considered a box office bomb in the US but generally achieved greater success both critically and commercially in Europe.[22] Many observers found similarities with Independence Day, which also came out in 1996. "It was just a coincidence. Nobody told me about it. I was surprised how close it was," director Tim Burton continued, "but then it's a pretty basic genre I guess. Independence Day was different in tone – it was different in everything. It almost seemed like we had done kind of a Mad magazine version of Independence Day."[3] During the film's theatrical run in January 1997, TBS purchased the broadcasting rights of the film.[23]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: Mars Attacks! drew mixed responses from critics. Based on 63 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, 52% of the reviewers enjoyed the film, with an average score of 5.9/10.[24] By comparison, Metacritic calculated an average score of 52/100 from 19 reviews.[25] Roger Ebert observed the homages to the 1950s science fiction B movies. "Ed Wood himself could have told us what's wrong with this movie: the makers felt superior to the material. To be funny, even schlock has to believe in itself. Look for Infra-Man (1975) or Invasion of the Bee Girls (1973) and you will find movies that lack stars and big budgets and fancy special effects but are funny and fun in a way that Burton's megaproduction never really understands."[26]

text: Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times wrote that "Mars Attacks! is all 1990s cynicism and disbelief, mocking the conventions that Independence Day takes seriously. This all sounds clever enough but in truth, Mars Attacks! is not as much fun as it should be. Few of its numerous actors make a lasting impression and Burton's heart and soul is not in the humor".[27] Desson Thomson from The Washington Post said "Mars Attacks! evokes plenty of sci-fi classics, from The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951) to Dr. Strangelove (1964), but it doesn't do much beyond that superficial exercise. With the exception of Burton's jolting sight gags (I may never recover from the vision of Sarah Jessica Parker's head grafted on to the body of a chihuahua), the comedy is half-developed, pedestrian material. And the climactic battle between Earthlings and Martians is dull and overextended."[28]

text: Richard Schickel, writing in Time magazine, gave a positive review. "You have to admire everyone's chutzpah: the breadth of Burton's (and writer Jonathan Gems') movie references, which range from Kurosawa to Kubrick; and above all their refusal to offer us a single likable character. Perhaps they don't create quite enough deeply funny earthlings to go around, but a thoroughly mean-spirited big-budget movie is always a treasurable rarity."[29] Jonathan Rosenbaum from the Chicago Reader praised the surreal humor and black comedy, which he found to be in the vein of Dr. Strangelove and Gremlins (1984). He said it was far from clear whether the movie was a satire, although critics were describing it as one.[30] Todd McCarthy of Variety called Mars Attacks! "a cult sci-fi comedy miscast as an elaborate, all-star studio extravaganza."[31]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Mars Attacks! was on the shortlist for the Academy Award for Best Visual Effects nomination, but the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences chose Independence Day, Dragonheart and Twister instead.[32] The film was nominated for seven categories at the Saturn Awards. Danny Elfman won Best Music, while director Tim Burton, writer Jonathan Gems, actor Lukas Haas, costume designer Colleen Atwood and the visual effects department at Industrial Light & Magic received nominations. Mars Attacks! was nominated for both the Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film (which went to Independence Day)[33] and the Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.[34]