document_title: Canadian Open (golf)

question_text: where in canada is the canadian open being played

text: Canadian Open (golf)

text: Tournament[edit]

text: As a national open, and especially as the most accessible non-U.S. national open for American golfers, the event had a special status in the era before the professional tour system became dominant in golf. In the interwar years, it was sometimes considered the third most prestigious tournament in the sport, after The Open Championship and the U.S. Open. This previous status was noted in the media in 2000, when Tiger Woods became the first man to win The Triple Crown (all three Opens in the same season) in 29 years, since Lee Trevino in 1971. In the decades preceding the tournament's move to an undesirable September date in 1988, the Canadian Open was often unofficially referred to as the fifth major. Due to the PGA Tour's unfavorable scheduling, this special status has largely dissipated, but the Canadian Open remains a well-regarded fixture on the PGA Tour.

text: The top three golfers on the PGA Tour Canada Order of Merit prior to the tournament are given entry into the Canadian Open. However, prize money won at the Canadian Open does not count towards the Canadian Tour money list.

text: Celebrated winners include Hall of Fame members Leo Diegel, Walter Hagen, Tommy Armour, Harry Cooper, Lawson Little, Sam Snead, Craig Wood, Byron Nelson, Doug Ford, Bobby Locke, Bob Charles, Arnold Palmer, Kel Nagle, Billy Casper, Gene Littler, Lee Trevino, Curtis Strange, Greg Norman, Nick Price, Vijay Singh, and Mark O'Meara. The Canadian Open is regarded as the most prestigious tournament never won by Jack Nicklaus, a seven-time runner-up. Diegel has the most titles, with four in the 1920s.

text: In the early 2000s, the tournament was still being held in early September. Seeking to change back to a more desirable summer date in the schedule, the RCGA lobbied for a better date. When the PGA Tour's schedule was revamped to accommodate the FedEx Cup in 2007, the Canadian Open was rescheduled for late July, sandwiched between three events with even higher profiles (The Open Championship the week prior, the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational the week after, and the PGA Championship the week after that). The tournament counts towards the FedEx Cup standings, and earns the winner a Masters invitation. In 2019 and subsequent years, the Canadian Open will be held in early June to avoid conflict with the Open Championship.

text: Courses[edit]

text: Glen Abbey Golf Course has hosted the most Canadian Opens, with 30 to date. Glen Abbey was designed in 1976 by Jack Nicklaus for the Royal Canadian Golf Association, to serve as the permanent home for the championship.

text: In the mid-1990s, the RCGA decided to move the championship around the country, and continues to alternate between Glen Abbey and other clubs. The owner since 2005, Clublink Corp filed an application in October 2015[3] to redevelop the property into a residential community, with offices and retail stores. There was no provision for a golf course in the plan.[4] The Town of Oakville Council responded in August 2017 by declaring the golf course a heritage site under the Ontario Heritage Act. This would make it more difficult for ClubLink to develop the area as it had planned.[5][6] Golf Canada was also concerned since it could not predict whether it could get the necessary permit to hold the Canadian Open at Glen Abbey in 2018 as it had planned.[7] The dispute between the Town of Oakville and ClubLink remains before the provincial appeal tribunal. Due to this situation, the Open will be held at Hamilton Golf and Country Club in 2019.[8]

text: Royal Montreal Golf Club, home of the first Open in 1904, ranks second with nine times hosted. Mississaugua Golf & Country Club has hosted six Opens, and will host again in 2020.[9]

text: Three clubs—Toronto Golf Club, St. George's Golf and Country Club, and Hamilton Golf and Country Club—have each hosted five Opens.

text: Three clubs have each hosted four Opens: Lambton Golf Club, Shaughnessy Golf & Country Club, and Scarboro Golf and Country Club.

text: The championship has for the most part been held in Ontario and Quebec, between them having seen all but nine Opens. New Brunswick had the Open in 1939, Manitoba in 1952 and 1961, Alberta in 1958, and British Columbia in 1948, 1954, 1966, 2005 and 2011.

text: History[edit]

text: The Royal Montreal Golf Club, founded in 1873, is the oldest continuously running official golf club in North America. The club was the host of the first Canadian Open championship in 1904, and has been host to eight other Canadian Opens, at two locations, with the club moving to its current site on an island west of Montreal in 1959. The 1912 Canadian Open at the Rosedale Golf Club was famed American golfer Walter Hagen's first professional competition.[10] In 1914, Karl Keffer won the event, being the last Canadian-born champion.

text: Englishman J. Douglas Edgar captured the 1919 championship at Hamilton Golf and Country Club by a record 16-stroke margin;[11] 17-year-old amateur prodigy Bobby Jones (who was coached by Edgar) tied for second. The 1930 Canadian Open at Hamilton was another stellar tournament. Tommy Armour blazed his way around the course over the final 18 holes of regulation play, shooting a 64. Four-time champion Diegel and Armour went to a 36-hole playoff to decide the title. Armour shot 138 (69-69) to defeat Diegel by three strokes.[12]

text: Toronto's St. Andrews Golf Club hosted the Open in 1936 and 1937 – the only course to hold back-to-back Opens until the creation of Glen Abbey – before it felt the impact of the growth of the city, and was ploughed under to allow for the creation of Highway 401. The Riverside Golf and Country Club of Saint John, New Brunswick was host to the 1939 Canadian Open where Harold "Jug" McSpaden was champion. This was the only time the Open has been held in Atlantic Canada.[13]

text: Scarboro Golf and Country Club in eastern Toronto was host to four Canadian Opens: 1940, 1947, 1953, and 1963. Three of these events were decided by one stroke, and the only time the margin was two shots was when Bobby Locke defeated Ed "Porky" Oliver in 1947. With his win at Scarboro in 1947, the golfer from South Africa became just the second non-North American winner of the Canadian Open. Locke fired four rounds in the 60s to finish at 16-under-par, two strokes better than the American Oliver. After the prize presentation Locke was given a standing ovation, and was then hoisted to shoulders by fellow countrymen who were then residents of Canada.

text: In 1948, for the first time, the Canadian Open traveled west of Ontario, landing at Shaughnessy Heights Golf Club in Vancouver, British Columbia, where Charles Congdon sealed his victory on the 16th hole with a 150-yard bunker shot that stopped eight feet from the cup. The following birdie gave him the lead, and Congdon went on to win by three shots.

text: Mississaugua Golf & Country Club has hosted six Canadian Opens: 1931, 1938, 1942, 1951, 1965, and 1974. The 1951 Open tournament was won by Jim Ferrier, who successfully defended the title he had won at Royal Montreal a year earlier. Winnipeg's St. Charles Country Club hosted the 1952 Canadian Open, and saw Johnny Palmer set the 72-hole scoring record of 263, which still stands after more than 60 years. Palmer's rounds of 66-65-66-66 bettered the old 1947 mark set by Bobby Locke by five shots. In 1955, Arnold Palmer captured the Canadian Open championship, his first PGA Tour victory, at the Weston Golf and Country Club.

text: Montreal, Quebec's Laval-sur-le-Lac hosted the 1962 Open where Gary Player was disqualified after the first round, when he recorded the wrong score on the 10th hole. He had won the PGA Championship the week before. Californian Charlie Sifford attended the 1962 Canadian Open in part to raise the profile of African-American players on the PGA Tour. He was one of only 16 of the top 100 players on tour to play there in 1962.

text: Pinegrove Country Club played host to the Canadian Open in 1964 and 1969. Australian Kel Nagle edged Arnold Palmer and Raymond Floyd at the 1964 Open to become, aged almost 44 at the time, the oldest player to win the title. Five years later, Tommy Aaron fired a final-round 64 to force a playoff with 57-year-old Sam Snead. Aaron won the 18-hole playoff, beating Snead by two strokes (70-72).

text: The small town of Ridgeway, Ontario in the Niagara Peninsula was host of the 1972 Open at Cherry Hill Golf Club. A popular choice of venue, it drew rave reviews by the players, specifically the 1972 champion Gay Brewer, who called it the best course he had ever played in Canada, and Arnold Palmer, who suggested the Open be held there again the following year. In 1975, Tom Weiskopf won his second Open in three years in dramatic fashion at the Blue Course of Royal Montreal's new venue, defeating Jack Nicklaus on the first hole of a sudden-death playoff, after almost holing his short-iron approach. Windsor, Ontario's Essex Golf & Country Club was host of the 1976 Canadian Open, where Jack Nicklaus again finished second, this time behind champion Jerry Pate. Essex came to the rescue late in the game, when it was determined that the newly built Glen Abbey was not yet ready to host the Canadian Open. The 1997 Open at Royal Montreal was the first time Tiger Woods ever missed a professional cut, after winning the Masters Tournament a few months before.

text: Angus Glen Golf Club was host to two recent Canadian Opens, 2002 and 2007. In 2007 Jim Furyk became one of a few golfers who have won two consecutive Canadian Open titles, joining James Douglas Edgar, Leo Diegel, Sam Snead and Jim Ferrier. Angus Glen owns the unique distinction of having each of its two courses (North and South) host the Canadian Open.

text: Glen Abbey Golf Club of Oakville, Ontario has hosted 30 Open Championships (1977–79, 1981–96, 1998–2000, 2004, 2008–09, 2013, 2015-2018), and has crowned 24 different champions. The 11th hole at Glen Abbey is widely considered its signature hole, and begins the world-famous valley sequence of five holes from 11 to 15. The picturesque 11th is a 459-yard straightaway par-4, where players tee off 100 feet above the fairway, which ends at Sixteen Mile Creek, just short of the green. John Daly left his mark, and a plaque is permanently displayed on the back tee deck, recounting Daly's attempt to reach the green with his tee shot. His ball landed in the creek.

text: In 2000, Tiger Woods dueled with Grant Waite over the final 18 holes, before finally subduing the New Zealander on the 72nd hole with one of the most memorable shots of his career.[according to whom?] Holding a one-shot advantage, Woods found his tee shot in a fairway bunker, and after watching Waite put his second shot 30 feet from the hole, decided to go for the green. Woods hit a 6-iron which carried a lake and settled on the fringe just past the flag, which was 218 yards away, and then chipped to tap-in range for the title-clinching birdie.[14] With the victory, Woods became only the second golfer to capture the U.S. Open, Open Championship and Canadian Open in the same year, earning him the Triple Crown trophy; he matched Lee Trevino (1971).

text: In 2009, Mark Calcavecchia scored nine consecutive birdies at the second round, breaking the PGA Tour record.[15]

text: Canadian performances[edit]

text: A Canadian has not won the Canadian Open since Pat Fletcher in 1954. One of the most exciting conclusions ever seen at the Open came in 2004, extending that streak. Mike Weir had never done well at the Glen Abbey Golf Course, the site of the tournament that week. In fact, he had only made the cut once at any of the Opens contested at Glen Abbey. But Weir clawed his way to the top of the leaderboard by Friday. And by the third day at the 100th anniversary Open, he had a three-stroke lead, and many Canadians were buzzing about the possibility of the streak's end. Weir started off with a double bogey, but then went 4-under to keep his 3-stroke lead, with only eight holes left. Yet, with the expectations of Canadian observers abnormally high, there was another roadblock in the way of Mike Weir: Vijay Singh. Weir bogeyed three holes on the back nine but still had a chance to win the tournament with a 10-footer on the 72nd hole. When he missed the putt, the two entered a sudden-death playoff. Weir missed two more chances to win the tournament: a 25-foot putt for eagle on No. 18 on the first hole of sudden-death, and a 5-foot putt on No. 17, the second playoff hole. On the third playoff hole, Weir put his third shot into the water after a horrid drive and lay-up, and Singh was safely on the green in two. Singh won the Open and overtook Tiger Woods as the world's number one player.[16]

text: Canadian David Hearn took a two-shot lead into the final round in 2015. He still had the lead as late as the 15th hole, but was being closely pursued by three players ranked near the top of the Official World Golf Ranking – Bubba Watson, Jim Furyk, and Jason Day. All four golfers had chances to win right until the end. Hearn was overtaken by champion Day's three consecutive birdies to close the round; Day finished one shot ahead of Watson, who also birdied the final three holes, narrowly missing an eagle attempt on a final hole greenside chip that would have tied. Day's fourth career Tour triumph came after he had just missed a potential tying putt on the final hole at the Open Championship the previous week. Hearn finished third, the best result by a Canadian since Weir's near-miss in 2004.[17] In 2016, Canadian amateur Jared du Toit was only one stroke behind going into the final round, allowing him to play in the final group. He finished tied for ninth, three strokes behind eventual winner Jhonattan Vegas.

text: Event titles[edit]

text:
Years
Event title

1904–1993, 2006–2007

Canadian Open

1994–2005

Bell Canadian Open

2008–present

RBC Canadian Open

text: Winners[edit]

text:
George Sargent, winner of the 1912 Canadian Open at Rosedale Golf Club.

Tommy Armour, three-time Canadian Open champion in 1927, 1930 and 1934. Other three-time winners are Sam Snead and Lee Trevino.

Walter Hagen, winner at the 1931 Canadian Open Championship.

Arnold Palmer, 1955 Open winner, his first PGA Tour victory.

Greg Norman, two-time Canadian Open champion in 1984 and 1992.

Tiger Woods, champion of the 2000 Canadian Open and winner of the Triple Crown along with Lee Trevino (1971).

Jim Furyk, back-to-back Canadian Open winner in 2006–07, along with James Douglas Edgar, Leo Diegel, Sam Snead, Jim Ferrier, and Jhonattan Vegas

tag: ul

text:
Year
Player
Country
Score
To par
Marginof victory
Runner(s)-up
Winner'sshare ($)
Purse ($)
Course
Location

2018
Dustin Johnson
 United States
265
−23
3 strokes
 An Byeong-hun Kim Meen-whee
1,116,000
6,200,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2017
Jhonattan Vegas (2)
 Venezuela
267
−21
Playoff
 Charley Hoffman
1,080,000
6,000,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2016
Jhonattan Vegas
 Venezuela
276
−12
1 stroke
 Dustin Johnson  Martin Laird Jon Rahm
1,062,000
5,900,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2015
Jason Day
 Australia
271
−17
1 stroke
 Bubba Watson
1,044,000
5,800,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2014
Tim Clark
 South Africa
263
−17
1 stroke
 Jim Furyk
1,026,000
5,700,000
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Île Bizard, Quebec

2013
Brandt Snedeker
 United States
272
−16
3 strokes
 Jason Bohn Dustin Johnson Matt Kuchar William McGirt
1,008,000
5,600,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2012
Scott Piercy
 United States
263
−17
1 stroke
 Robert Garrigus William McGirt
936,000
5,200,000
Hamilton Golf and Country Club
Ancaster, Ontario

2011
Sean O'Hair
 United States
276
−4
Playoff
 Kris Blanks
936,000
5,200,000
Shaughnessy Golf & Country Club
Vancouver, British Columbia

2010
Carl Pettersson
 Sweden
266
−14
1 stroke
 Dean Wilson
918,000
5,100,000
St. George's Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

2009
Nathan Green
 Australia
270
−18
Playoff
 Retief Goosen
918,000
5,100,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2008
Chez Reavie
 United States
267
−17
3 strokes
 Billy Mayfair
900,000
5,000,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2007
Jim Furyk (2)
 United States
268
−16
1 stroke
 Vijay Singh
900,000
5,000,000
Angus Glen Golf Club (North Course)
Markham, Ontario

2006
Jim Furyk
 United States
266
−14
1 stroke
 Bart Bryant
900,000
5,000,000
Hamilton Golf and Country Club
Ancaster, Ontario

2005
Mark Calcavecchia
 United States
275
−5
1 stroke
 Ben Crane Ryan Moore
882,000
4,900,000
Shaughnessy Golf & Country Club
Vancouver, British Columbia

2004
Vijay Singh
 Fiji
275
−9
Playoff
 Mike Weir
810,000
4,500,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

2003
Bob Tway
 United States
272
−8
Playoff
 Brad Faxon
756,000
4,200,000
Hamilton Golf and Country Club
Ancaster, Ontario

2002
John Rollins
 United States
272
−16
Playoff
 Neal Lancaster Justin Leonard
720,000
4,000,000
Angus Glen Golf Club (South Course)
Markham, Ontario

2001
Scott Verplank
 United States
266
−14
3 strokes
 Bob Estes Joey Sindelar
684,000
3,800,000
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Île-Bizard, Quebec

2000
Tiger Woods
 United States
266
−22
1 stroke
 Grant Waite
594,000
3,300,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1999
Hal Sutton
 United States
275
−13
3 strokes
 Dennis Paulson
450,000
2,500,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1998
Billy Andrade
 United States
275
−13
Playoff
 Bob Friend
396,000
2,200,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1997
Steve Jones (2)
 United States
275
−5
1 stroke
 Greg Norman
270,000
1,500,000
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Île-Bizard, Quebec

1996
Dudley Hart
 United States
202
−14
1 stroke
 David Duval
270,000
1,500,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1995
Mark O'Meara
 United States
274
−14
Playoff
 Bob Lohr
234,000
1,300,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1994
Nick Price (2)
 Zimbabwe
275
−13
1 stroke
 Mark Calcavecchia
234,000
1,300,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1993
David Frost
 South Africa
279
−9
1 stroke
 Fred Couples
180,000
1,000,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1992
Greg Norman (2)
 Australia
280
−8
Playoff
 Bruce Lietzke
180,000
1,000,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1991
Nick Price
 Zimbabwe
273
−15
1 stroke
 David Edwards
180,000
1,000,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1990
Wayne Levi
 United States
278
−10
1 stroke
 Ian Baker-Finch Jim Woodward
180,000
1,000,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1989
Steve Jones
 United States
271
−17
2 strokes
 Clark Burroughs Mark Calcavecchia Mike Hulbert
162,000
900,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1988
Ken Green
 United States
275
−13
1 stroke
 Bill Glasson Scott Verplank
135,000
900,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1987
Curtis Strange (2)
 United States
276
−12
3 strokes
 David Frost Jodie Mudd Nick Price
108,000
600,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1986
Bob Murphy
 United States
280
−8
3 strokes
 Greg Norman
108,000
600,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1985
Curtis Strange
 United States
279
−9
2 strokes
 Jack Nicklaus Greg Norman
86,507
580,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1984
Greg Norman
 Australia
278
−10
2 strokes
 Jack Nicklaus
72,000
525,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1983
John Cook
 United States
277
−7
Playoff
 Johnny Miller
63,000
425,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1982
Bruce Lietzke (2)
 United States
277
−7
2 strokes
 Hal Sutton
76,500
425,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1981
Peter Oosterhuis
 England
280
−4
1 stroke
 Bruce Lietzke Jack Nicklaus Andy North
76,500
425,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1980
Bob Gilder
 United States
274
−6
2 strokes
 Jerry Pate Leonard Thompson
63,000
350,000
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Île-Bizard, Quebec

1979
Lee Trevino (3)
 United States
281
−3
3 strokes
 Ben Crenshaw
63,000
350,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1978
Bruce Lietzke
 United States
283
−1
1 stroke
 Pat McGowan
50,000
250,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1977
Lee Trevino (2)
 United States
280
−8
4 strokes
 Peter Oosterhuis
45,000
225,000
Glen Abbey Golf Course
Oakville, Ontario

1976
Jerry Pate
 United States
267
−13
4 strokes
 Jack Nicklaus
40,000
200,000
Essex Golf & Country Club
Windsor, Ontario

1975
Tom Weiskopf (2)
 United States
274
−6
Playoff
 Jack Nicklaus
40,000
200,000
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Île-Bizard, Quebec

1974
Bobby Nichols
 United States
270
−10
4 strokes
 John Schlee Larry Ziegler
40,000
200,000
Mississaugua Golf & Country Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1973
Tom Weiskopf
 United States
278
−6
2 strokes
 Forrest Fezler
35,000
175,000
Richelieu Valley Golf & Country Club
Ste.-Julie, Quebec

1972
Gay Brewer
 United States
275
−9
1 stroke
 Sam Adams Dave Hill
30,000
150,000
Cherry Hill Club
Ridgeway, Ontario

1971
Lee Trevino
 United States
275
−13
Playoff
 Art Wall, Jr.
30,000
150,000
Richelieu Valley Golf & Country Club
Ste.-Julie, Quebec

1970
Kermit Zarley
 United States
279
−9
3 strokes
 Gibby Gilbert
25,000
125,000
London Hunt & Country Club
London, Ontario

1969
Tommy Aaron
 United States
275
−13
Playoff
 Sam Snead
25,000
125,000
Pine Grove Golf & Country Club
St. Luc, Quebec

1968
Bob Charles
 New Zealand
274
−6
2 strokes
 Jack Nicklaus
25,000
125,000
St. George's Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1967
Billy Casper
 United States
279
−5
Playoff
 Art Wall, Jr.
30,000
100,000
Montreal Municipal Golf Club
Montreal, Quebec

1966
Don Massengale
 United States
280
−4
3 strokes
 Chi-Chi Rodríguez
20,000
100,000
Shaughnessy Golf & Country Club
Vancouver, British Columbia

1965
Gene Littler
 United States
273
−7
1 stroke
 Jack Nicklaus
20,000
100,000
Mississaugua Golf & Country Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1964
Kel Nagle
 Australia
277
−11
2 strokes
 Arnold Palmer
7,500
50,000
Pine Grove Golf & Country Club
St. Luc, Quebec

1963
Doug Ford (2)
 United States
280
−4
1 stroke
 Al Geiberger
9,000
50,000
Scarboro Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1962
Ted Kroll
 United States
278
−10
2 strokes
 Charlie Sifford
4,300
30,000
Le Club Laval-sur-le-Lac
Laval-sur-le-Lac, Quebec

1961
Jacky Cupit
 United States
270
−10
5 strokes
 Buster Cupit Dow Finsterwald Bobby Nichols
4,300
30,000
Niakwa Country Club
Winnipeg, Manitoba

1960
Art Wall, Jr.
 United States
269
−19
6 strokes
 Bob Goalby Jay Hebert
3,500
25,000
St. George's Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1959
Doug Ford
 United States
276
−12
2 strokes
 Dow Finsterwald Art Wall, Jr. Bo Wininger
3,500
25,000
Islesmere Golf & Country Club
Montreal, Quebec

1958
Wes Ellis
 United States
267
−13
1 stroke
 Jay Hebert
3,500
25,000
Royal Mayfair Golf & Country Club
Edmonton, Alberta

1957
George Bayer
 United States
271
−13
2 strokes
 Bo Wininger
3,500
25,000
Westmount Golf and Country Club
Kitchener, Ontario

1956
Doug Sanders (a)
 United States
273
−11
Playoff
 Dow Finsterwald
2,400
15,000
Beaconsfield Golf Club
Montreal, Quebec

1955
Arnold Palmer
 United States
265
−23
4 strokes
 Jack Burke, Jr.
2,400
15,000
Weston Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1954
Pat Fletcher
 Canada
280
−8
4 strokes
 Gordie Brydson Bill Welch
3,000
15,000
Point Grey Golf and Country Club
Vancouver, British Columbia

1953
Dave Douglas
 United States
273
−11
1 stroke
 Wally Ulrich
3,000
15,000
Scarboro Golf and Country Club
Toronto,  Ontario

1952
Johnny Palmer
 United States
263
−25
11 strokes
 Fred Haas Dick Mayer
3,000
15,000
St. Charles Country Club
Winnipeg, Manitoba

1951
Jim Ferrier (2)
 Australia
273
−7
2 strokes
 Fred Hawkins Ed Oliver
2,250
15,000
Mississaugua Golf & Country Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1950
Jim Ferrier
 Australia
271
−17
3 strokes
 Ted Kroll
2,000
10,000
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Dorval, Quebec

1949
E. J. Harrison
 United States
271
−17
4 strokes
 Jim Ferrier
2,000
9,200
St. George's Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1948
Charles Congdon
 United States
280
−4
3 strokes
 Vic Ghezzi Ky Laffoon Dick Metz
2,000
9,000
Shaughnessy Golf & Country Club
Vancouver, British Columbia

1947
Bobby Locke
 South Africa
268
−16
2 strokes
 Ed Oliver
2,000
10,000
Scarboro Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1946
George Fazio
 United States
278
−6
Playoff
 Dick Metz
2,000
9,000
Beaconsfield Golf Club
Montreal, Quebec

1945
Byron Nelson
 United States
280
−8
4 strokes
 Herman Barron
2,000
10,000
Thornhill Golf Club
Thornhill, Ontario

1943–44: Cancelled due to World War II

1942
Craig Wood
 United States
275
−13
4 strokes
 Mike Turnesa
1,000
3,000
Mississaugua Golf & Country Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1941
Sam Snead (3)
 United States
274
−6
2 strokes
 Bob Gray, Jr.
1,000
3,000
Lambton Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1940
Sam Snead (2)
 United States
281
−3
Playoff
 Jug McSpaden
1,000
3,000
Scarboro Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1939
Jug McSpaden
 United States
282
+2
5 strokes
 Ralph Guldahl
1,000
3,000
Riverside Country Club
Saint John, New Brunswick

1938
Sam Snead
 United States
277
−11
Playoff
 Harry Cooper
1,000
3,000
Mississaugua Golf & Country Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1937
Harry Cooper (2)
 England
285
+5
2 strokes
 Ralph Guldahl
1,000
3,200
St. Andrews Club
Toronto, Ontario]]

1936
Lawson Little
 United States
271
−9
8 strokes
 Jimmy Thomson
1,000
3,000
St. Andrews Club
Toronto, Ontario]]

1935
Gene Kunes
 United States
280
−8
2 strokes
 Vic Ghezzi
500
1,465
Summerlea Golf Club
Montreal, Quebec

1934
Tommy Armour (3)
 United States
287
−1
2 strokes
 Ky Laffoon
500
1,465
Lakeview Golf Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1933
Joe Kirkwood Sr.
 Australia
282
−2
8 strokes
 Harry Cooper Lex Robson
500
1,465
St. George's Golf and Country Club
Toronto, Ontario

1932
Harry Cooper
 England
290
+2
3 strokes
 Al Watrous
500
1,465
Ottawa Hunt and Golf Club
Ottawa, Ontario

1931
Walter Hagen
 United States
292
+4
Playoff
 Percy Alliss
500
1,485
Mississaugua Golf & Country Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1930
Tommy Armour (2)
 United States
273
−7
Playoff
 Leo Diegel
500
1,475
Hamilton Golf and Country Club
Ancaster, Ontario

1929
Leo Diegel (4)
 United States
274
−6
3 strokes
 Tommy Armour
400
1,320
Kanawaki Golf Club
Kahnawake, Quebec

1928
Leo Diegel (3)
 United States
282
−2
2 strokes
 Archie Compston Walter Hagen Macdonald Smith
400
1,320
Rosedale Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1927
Tommy Armour
 United States
288
E
1 stroke
 Macdonald Smith
400
1,320
Toronto Golf Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1926
Macdonald Smith
 Scotland
283
+3
3 strokes
 Gene Sarazen
500
1,575
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Dorval, Quebec

1925
Leo Diegel (2)
 United States
295
+11
2 strokes
 Mike Brady
500
900
Lambton Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1924
Leo Diegel
 United States
285
+1
2 strokes
 Gene Sarazen
400
750
Mt. Bruno Golf Club
St. Bruno, Quebec

1923
Clarence Hackney
 Scotland
295
+7
5 strokes
 Tom Kerrigan
350
580
Lakeview Golf Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1922
Al Watrous
 United States
303
+19
1 stroke
 Tom Kerrigan
250
450
Mt. Bruno Golf Club
St. Bruno, Quebec

1921
William Trovinger
 United States
293
+5
3 strokes
 Mike Brady
250
450
Toronto Golf Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1920
James Douglas Edgar (2)
 England
298
+10
Playoff
 Tommy Armour (a) Charlie Murray
300
600
Rivermead Golf Club
Aylmer, Quebec

1919
James Douglas Edgar
 England
278
−2
16 strokes
 Jim Barnes Bobby Jones (a) Karl Keffer
200
435
Hamilton Golf and Country Club
Ancaster, Ontario

1915–18: Cancelled due to World War I

1914
Karl Keffer (2)
 Canada
300
+12
1 stroke
 George Cumming
100
265
Toronto Golf Club
Mississauga, Ontario

1913
Albert Murray (2)
 Canada
295
+15
6 strokes
 Jack Burke Sr. Nicol Thompson
100
265
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Dorval, Quebec

1912
George Sargent
 England
299
+19
1 stroke
 Jim Barnes
100
265
Rosedale Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1911
Charlie Murray (2)
 Canada
314
+26
2 strokes
 Davie Black
100
265
Royal Ottawa Golf Club
Aylmer, Quebec

1910
Daniel Kenny
 United States
303
+19
4 strokes
 George Lyon (a)
100
265
Lambton Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1909
Karl Keffer
 Canada
309
+21
3 strokes
 George Cumming
100
265
Toronto Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1908
Albert Murray
 Canada
300
+20
4 strokes
 George Sargent
80
225
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Dorval, Quebec

1907
Percy Barrett
 England
306
+22
2 strokes
 George Cumming
80
245
Lambton Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1906
Charlie Murray
 Canada
170
+26
1 stroke
 George Cumming Tom Reith (a) Alex Robertson
70
225
Royal Ottawa Golf Club
Aylmer, Quebec

1905
George Cumming
 Canada
148
+8
3 strokes
 Percy Barrett
60
225
Toronto Golf Club
Toronto, Ontario

1904
Jack Oke
 England
156
+16
2 strokes
 Percy Barrett
60
170
Royal Montreal Golf Club
Dorval, Quebec

text:
Yellow highlight indicates a winner of the Triple Crown of Golf.
Green highlight indicates scoring records.
Source[18]

text: Multiple and consecutive champions[edit]

text: This table lists the golfers who have won more than one Canadian Open.

text:
Deceased golfer †

Major championship winner the same year as the Open win ‡

Major championship winner M

text:
Country

Golfer

Total

Years

 United States

Leo Diegel ‡†M

4

1924, 1925, 1928, 1929

 United States

Tommy Armour ‡†M

3

1927, 1930, 1934

 United States

Sam Snead M†

3

1938, 1940, 1941

 United States

Lee Trevino ‡M

3

1971, 1977, 1979TC

 Canada

Charles Murray †

2

1906, 1911

 Canada

Albert Murray †

2

1908, 1913

 Canada

Karl Keffer †

2

1909, 1914

 England

James Douglas Edgar †

2

1919, 1920

 England

Harry Cooper †

2

1932, 1937

 Australia

Jim Ferrier M†

2

1950, 1951

 United States

Doug Ford M

2

1959, 1963

 United States

Tom Weiskopf ‡M

2

1973, 1975

 United States

Bruce Lietzke

2

1978, 1982

 United States

Curtis Strange M

2

1985, 1987

 Australia

Greg Norman M

2

1984, 1992

 Zimbabwe

Nick Price ‡M

2

1991, 1994

 United States

Steve Jones M

2

1989, 1997

 United States

Jim Furyk M

2

2006, 2007

 Venezuela

Jhonattan Vegas

2

2016, 2017

text:
Bolded years and player names means back-to-back wins
TC denotes Triple-Crown winner in 1971.

text: Champions by nationality[edit]

text: This table lists the total number of titles won by golfers of each nationality.

text:
Rank
Country
Wins
Winners
First title
Last title

1
 United States
72
55
1910
2013

T2
 England
8
6
1904
1981

 Australia
8
6
1933
2015

4
 Canada
7
4
1906
1954

T5
 Scotland
3
3
1905
1926

 South Africa
3
3
1947
2014

T6
 Zimbabwe
2
1
1991
1994

 Venezuela
2
1
2016
2017

T8
 New Zealand
1
1
1968

 Fiji
1
1
2004

 Sweden
1
1
2010

text: Trophies[edit]

text:
Canadian Amateur Trophy 1895–1907
The Seagram Gold Cup 1935–1970
The Du Maurier Trophy 1971–1993
Earl Grey Trophy 1908–
RBC Canadian Open Trophy 1994–present
Rivermead Challenge Cup (presented to low Canadian) 1936–1961, 2007–

text: Future sites[edit]

text:
Year
Edition
Course
City
Dates

2019
110th
Hamilton
Ancaster, Ontario
June 6–9

2020
111th
TBD
TBD
June 11–14

2021
112th
TBD
TBD
June 10–13

2022
113th
TBD
TBD
June 9–12

2023
114th
Hamilton
Ancaster, Ontario
June 8–11


document_title: Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

question_text: yeh rishta kya kehlata hai new naitik real name

root

text: Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

text: Plot

text: This section's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (June 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai is the story of a young couple, Akshara and Naitik Singhania. who live in a Marwari joint family in Udaipur. The story showcases their journey as a married couple going through adjustment issues, as parents of young children, and how they learn to love each other and their respective extended families while becoming mature members of their household.

tag: p

text: Naitik meant with an accident where he is in a coma. Naksh (Akshara-Naitik's son) is now 5 and doesn't know about his father. One day, Naitik comes back and a first Naksh doesn't accept him but then he does. When events take place now. Soon the family travel and Gayatri (Naitik's mother) dies. Now Rajsekhar (Naitik's dad) is asked to marry someone, and he marries Devyani, who comes with her two children from a divorced marriage. Later, Bhabimaa's husband died, and Bhabimaa (Naitik's aunt) blames it on Akshara and kicks her out of the house, after Akshara's daughter Naira is born. Akshara, Naitik, Naksh and Naira leave the house.

text: Naksh as a now mature adult and Naira is a diva teenager. Akshara and Naitik, along with Naksh and Naira, live in Cape Town. Naksh returns to Udaipur. He tries to clear up the misunderstanding with Bhabima. After many days, Akshara is forgiven and is allowed to return. The story then focuses on Naksh. He falls in love with Tara, and preparations for their wedding are made. Just minutes before the ceremony, she breaks up with him.

text: The show focuses on teenage Naira, who flees from her house and now lives in Rishikesh, nursing hatred for her mother. After finding Naira, the story takes a new twist: a love triangle that forms between Kartik (Naitik's employee), Naira and Gayu (Naitik's niece). Naira and Kartik have feelings for each other but don't know that it's love. Meanwhile Gayu loves Kartik, unaware that Kartik doesn't love her back. When Kartik proposes Naira, she initially rejects him, but by the time she realizes that Gayu also loves him, she thinks of sacrificing her happiness in favor of Gayu. When Mishti reveals that Kartik loves only Naira, Kartik and Naira confess their love for each other; Gayatri understands. Kartik doesn't want to talk about his family as he hates them. Meanwhile, on Akshara's birthday, everyone goes for a veneration, but Akshara dies in a car accident. Singhanias blame Kartik for Akshara's death as Kartik was found drunk and injured at the accident site. Kartik's family shows up and supports Kartik. Later, Naira finds that Kartik is not the culprit. She proves Kartik's innocence by finding the real culprit. Kartik doesn't like his father and stepmother as he thinks they were responsible for his mother's death. Seeing Kartik's feelings towards a Singhanias, his family approves of their relationship in spite of not being much in favor of it.

text: The two families (Goenka and Singhania) start making preparations for their wedding. Just before the wedding, Kartik discovers the real culprit who ran Akshara over and yearns to tell Naira, but his uncle convinces him that he will tell her. He reneges and tells Naira only that Kartik is missing his mother. Finally, the wedding takes place. Few days later, Naira meets the man whose brother is in jail for killing her mother and learns that Akshara's accident was caused by Mansi, Kartik's sister. The news reaches the Singhanias and they are heartbroken. The Goenkas come to apologize. Naira is initially very hurt and angry with Kartik, but she understands that it's not his fault. She takes Akshara's accident case back and forgives Mansi. On Karthik's birthday, he comes to know that Aditya tortures Keerti and, along with Naira, decides to expose him. Eventually, Aditya's truth comes out and Keerti and Aditya gets divorced.

text: Suhasini Goenka wants to find a suitable match for Keerti and later forces Naira to get Naksh and Keerti married. Naksh accepts the proposal for the sake of Naira. Naksh and Keerti's marriage functions starts.

text: Another parallel story about Manish And Saumya Goenka (Kartik's mother) gets revealed. Saumya was a mental patient and committed suicide long back. Manish kept the fact hidden keeping his promise to Saumya. Later, Kartik learns the truth and his misunderstandings regarding Manish gets cleared up.

text: The grand wedding of Naksh and Keerti kickstarts.

text: Parallel story arcs

text: Parallel with Akshara and Naitik's stories, the stories of their respective siblings also form significant story arcs in the series. Past plots have been built around the lives of Naitik's sisters Nandini and Rashmi. The series has also focused on Naitik's step-siblings. The series also paralleled the story of Akshara-Naitik with that of Varsha-Shaurya. Varsha is Akshara's best friend, and Shaurya is Akshara's older brother. The shows also focus on Naksh, Kartik, Naira, Gayatri "Gayu" Deora and Tara. Naksh is Naitik and Akshara's son; Gayu is Nikhil-Rashmi's daughter (Sameer's stepdaughter). Naira, the youngest child and only daughter of Akshara and Naitik, is now the main female lead character of the show. Kartik, Naitik's employee and Naira's love interest, is the new male lead character of the show. Tara was Naksh's fiancée until she leaves him.

text: Cast

text: This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Per WP:TVCAST, cast lists need to be reorganised chronologically, with newer members of the cast being added to the bottom of each list. Ex: Someone introduced in 2009 belongs above someone introduced in 2017. Note also that "Former cast" is not a valid subsection of cast, as cast members do not cease being important just by leaving a TV series. Please help improve this section if you can. (September 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Main cast

text:
Hina Khan as Akshara Naitik Singhania / Akshara Maheshwari , Vishambhar-Rajshri's daughter, Naitik's wife, Naksh-Naira's mother (former main female lead, dead) (2009–16)[1]
Mishka Jain as Baby Naira Naitik Singhania, Naitik-Akshara's daughter (2015) (replaced)
Ashnoor Kaur as Young Naira Naitik Singhania, Naitik-Akshara's daughter (2015–16) (replaced)
Shivangi Joshi as Naira Kartik Goenka/ Naira Naitik Singhania Kartik's wife, Naitik-Akshara's daughter (2016–)[2]
Mohsin Khan (actor) as Kartik Manish Goenka, Naira's Husband (2016–)[3]
Bani as Baby Naksh Naitik Singhania, Naitik-Akshara's son (2011–12) (replaced)
Shivansh Kotia as Young Naksh Naitik Singhania, Naitik-Akshara's son (2012–15) (replaced)
Rohan Mehra as Naksh Naitik Singhania, Akshara-Naitik's son, Naira's brother, Naintara's ex fiance (2nd Main Male Lead) (2015–16) (replaced by Rishi)[4]
Rishi Dev as Naksh Naitik Singhania, Akshara and Naitik's son, Naira's brother (2017-)
Umang Jain as Tara Singh Shekhawat, Naksh's ex fiance (2015–16)
Mohena Singh as Kirti Bansal, Aditya's wife, Karthik's sister (2016-)
Kanchi Singh as Gayatri Nikhil Deora, Naira's cousin, Rashmi-Nikhil's daughter, Sameer's step-daughter (2016-2017)

text: Recurring cast

text:
Karan Mehra as Naitik Raj Shekhar Singhania, Gaytri-Raj's son, Akshara's husband, Naksh-Naira's father (Former Main Male Lead) (2009–16) (replaced by Vishal)[5]
Neha Saroopa as Rashmi Sameer Desai/Rashmi Nikhil Deora (née Singhania), Gaytri-Raj's daughter, Naitik's sister, Nikhil-Sameer's wife, Gayu's mother (2009–16) (dead)
Mazher Sayed as Sameer Desai, Rashmi's second husband (2015)
Vishal Singh as Naitik Raj Shekhar Singhania, Akshara's husband, Naksh-Naira's father (2016-)
Parul Chauhan as Suvarna Manish Goenka, Kirti's & Kartik step-mother (2016–)[6]
Sachin Tyagi as Manish Goenka, Kartik's and Kirti father (2016–)[7]
Romit Sharma as Aditya Bansal, Karthik's brother -in-law, Kirti's husband (2017-)[8]
Gaurav Wadhwa as Aryan, Suvarna's son from her previous marriage (2017-)
Swati Chitnis as Suhasini Goenka, Kartik's paternal grandmother (dadi) (2017–)
Ali Hassan as Akhilesh Goenka, Kartik's paternal uncle (chachu) (2016–)
Shilpa Raizada as Surekha Goenka, Akhilesh's wife, Kartik's aunt (chachi) (2016–)
Sandeep Mehta as Raj Shekhar Singhania, Naitik's father, Akshara's father in law, Naira's paternal grandfather (dadaji) (2009–)
Kshitee Jog as Devyani Raj Shekhar Singhania, Raj Shekhar's 2nd wife, Naira's paternal grandmother (choti dadi) (2013–)
Medha Sambutkar as Kaveri Mahendra Pratap Singhania, Naitik's bhabhi maa, Nandini's mother, Naira's paternal grandaunt (badi dadi) (2009–)
Kirti Sualy as Baisa, Naitik's dadi Naira's paternal grandaunt (bua dadi) (2010-)
Priyanka Udhwani as Karishma Naman Singhania, Naman's wife, Naira's aunt (chachi) (2014–)
Aarna Sharma as Mishti Naman Singhania, Naira's cousin, Naman-Karishma's daughter (2015–)
Sanjeev Seth as Vishambharnath Maheshwari, Akshara's father, Naira's maternal grandfather (nanu) (2009–)
Lata Sabharwal as Rajshri Vishambharnath Maheshwari, Akshara's mother, Naira's maternal grandmother (nani) (2009–)
Shravan Mehta as Kiran, Naira's dance partner and friend (2017)[9]
Harbandana Kaur as Young Kuhu (2016)
Sonali Verma as Gayatri Raj Shekhar Singhania, Raj's 1st wife, Naitik-Rashmi's mother, Akshara's mother in law, Naksh-Naira's grandmother (2009–13) (dead)
Sanjai Gandhi/Abhijeet Lahri as Mahendra Pratap Singhania (Dadaji), Kaveri's husband, Nandini's father, Naitik's uncle (2009–15) (dead)
Manu Malik as Omkarnath Maheshwari, Akshara's uncle, Sunaina's husband, Anshuman's father (2009–16)
Neelima Taddepalli as Sunaina Omkarnath Maheshwari, Naira's maternal grand aunt (choti nani) Akshara's aunt, Omkar's wife, Anshuman's mother (2009–16)
Aman Sharma/Dheeraj Gumbar as Anshuman Omkarnath Maheshwari, Akshara's cousin brother, Jasmeet's husband (2009–16)
Shirin Sewani as Jasmeet Anshuman Maheshwari, Anshuman's wife (2014–16)
Anshul Pandey as Naman Raj Singhania, Suresh-Devyani's son, Raj's step son, Muskaan's brother, Karishma's husband, Mishti's father (2014–16)[10][11]
Vineeta Malik as Bhairavi Maheshwari, Vishambharnath-Omkarnath's mother, Akshara's grandmother, Naira's maternal great grand mother (badi nani) (2009–16)
Pooja Joshi as Varsha Shaurya Maheshwari, Akshara's freind, Shaurya's wife, Ananya-Kuhu's mother, Naira's maternal aunt (mami) (2009–17)
Ather Habib/Yash Gera as Shaurya Vishambharnath Maheshwari, Akshara's brother, Varsha's husband, Ananya-Kuhu's father, Naira's maternal uncle (mamaji) (2009–17)[12]
Yamini Makwana as Kuhu Shaurya Maheshwari, Naira's cousin, Shaurya-Sneha's daughter (2016-17)
Akshaya Naik as Ananya Ranveer Sharma, Naira's cousin, Varsha-Shaurya's daughter, Ranveer's wife (2015–16)
Arjun Kohli as Ranveer Sharma, Ananya's husband (2016)
Nidhi Uttam as Nandini Mohit Agarwal, Kaveri-Mahendra Pratap's daughter, Mohit's wife, Yash-Anmol's mother, Naira's paternal aunt (bua) (2009–16)
Ayush Agarwal/Shamik Abbas as Mohit Agarwal, Naitik's best friend, Nandini's husband, Naira's uncle (phupaji) (2009–16)
Sanchit Sharma as Yash Mohit Agarwal, Naira's cousin, Nandini-Mohit's adopted son, Rose's husband (2015–16)
Sippora Zoutewelle as Rose Yash Agarwal, Yash's wife (2016)
Karan Pahwa as Anmol Mohit Agarwal, Naira's cousin, Nandini-Mohit's son (2016)
Urmila Sharma/Sunita Rao as Rukmini Agarwal, Mohit's mother (2009–16)
Alok Nath as Chandrabhan Singh Shekhawat, Tara's grandfather (2015–16)
Amal Sehrawat as Sangram Singh Shekhawat, Tara's brother (2015–16)
Shivam Agarwal as Aditya Singh Shekhawat, Tara's brother (2015–16)
Vaishali Takkar as Sanjana, Naksh's friend (2015–16)
Khushmeet Gill as Nannu Anshuman Maheshwari, Anshuman-Jasmeet's son (2015–16)
Navika Kotia as Prerna Singhania, Grown up Chikki (2013)
Reem Sheikh as young Prerna Singhania (chikki), Singhania's adopted child (2012)
Zarina Roshan Khan as Muskaan Alok Awasthi, Naman's sister (2014–15)
Amit Dolawat as Alok Awasthi, Muskaan's husband (2009; 2014–15)
Ashish Kapoor as Nikhil Rajendra Deora, Rashmi's ex-husband (2011–12)
Unknown as Rama Rajendra Deora, Rashmi's mother in law, Nikhil's mother (2011–16)
Rakesh Deewana as Maharaj, Singhania's ex chef (2009–14)
Roshan Khan as Gopi Dadi, Bhairvi's friend (2009–14)
Ali Merchant as Rituraj, Naitik's cousin brother (2009; 2011–12)
Preeti Sharma as Bindiya, Rituraj's wife (2009)
Amardeep Jha as Shankari, Akshara's match-maker (2009–16)
Charu Asopa as Sneha: Naitik's worker, Kuhu's mother (2010)
Anurag Nigam as Ankit (2013)
Alpesh Gehlot as Samar, Akshara's admirer (2012)
Anand Mani as Bhajinder Singh, Maheshwari's servant (2009–12)
Sunita Rajwar as Dhaniya Bhajinder Singh, Bajinder's wife (2009–12)
Akanksha Kapil as Antara, Loves Naitik (2012)
Bhuvan Chopra as Ratan
Neha Sehgal as Payal
Divya Bhatnagar as Gulaboo, Singhania's maid (2009–15)
Sonal Shrivastava as Juhi
Sheetal Tiwari as Sukanya, Naira's friend (2016) (dead)
Veena Jagtap as Nisha Singh Sekhawat (2016)
Suzanne Bernert as Martha, Rose's mother (2016)[13][14]
Fahad Ali as Vivaan, Gayu's school friend (2016)
Nupur Joshi as Soumya Manish Goenka, Kartik and Kirti's mother, Manish's 1st wife (2016) (dead)
Tia Gandwani as Priyanka, Kartik's maternal aunt (masi) (2017)

text: Special appearances

text:
Shweta Tiwari (2009)
Sara Khan (2009)
Kinshuk Mahajan (2009)
Anupriya Kapoor (2010)
Neha Sargam (2010)
Pooja Gor (2010)
Sanaya Irani (2011)
Soumya Seth (2011)
Anas Rashid (2012)
Neelu Vaghela (2012)
Aamir Khan (2012)
Preeti & Pinky (2014)
Hiba Nawab (2015)
Kamalika Guha Thakurta(2016)
Deepika Singh (2012, 2016)
Badshah (2017)[15]
Shah Rukh Khan & Anushka Sharma (2017)
Akshay Kumar & Bhumi Pednekar (2017)
Alka Yagnik (2017)

text: Crossover

text: Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai had several crossover episodes with various shows. In 2009, the show had a connection with Sapna Babul Ka...Bidaai. In 2012, the show had a crossover episode with Diya Aur Baati Hum. In 2016, Diya Aur Baati Hum's lead actress Deepika Singh made an entry.

text: Reception and impact

text: The show is one of the most often awarded shows of Indian Television[16] and is India's longest running television series by episode count.[17]Hina Khan participated in the 'Power of 49' campaign in which soap opera actors used their influence to urge women to vote.[18]

text: Shoma Munshi said the show has "simplicity and highly emotional content" and was noted for placing female characters in the historical tradition of a large joint family.[19]

text: Popularity in Pakistan

text: The show is also broadcast by Urdu 1 and Star Plus sister channel STAR Utsav. The show always maintained the top spot among Indian TV serials that aired in Pakistan.[20] The show was beaten three to four times by Kumkum Bhagya that aired on Geo Kahani [21] but recovered its leading position. The show also recorded one of the highest TRP in Pakistan.[22]

text: Awards

text:
Ye Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai awards and nominations

[hide]Awards and nominations

Award
Wins
Nominations

Star Parivaar Awards

30
43

Zee Gold Awards

15
16

Indian Telly Awards

3
6

Indian Television Academy Awards

4
4

Big Star Entertainment Awards

3
1

Lions Gold Awards

7
2

Garv Indian TV Awards

35
1

FICCI Excellence Awards and Frames Honours

3

BIG Star Young Entertainers Awards

1

Totals

Awards won
101

Nominations
113

text: Star Parivaar Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2009
Favourite Maa
Sonali Verma
Won[23]

Favourite Devrani

Favourite Naya Sadasya (Male)
Karan Mehra

Favourite Naya Sadasya (Female)
Hina Khan

Favourite Yogya Jodi
Hina Khan – Karan Mehra

Favourite Buzurg
Vineeta Malik

Favourite Saas

Favourite Bhabhi
Pooja Joshi

Favourite Jethani
Medha Sambutkar

SPL Honour
Rajan Shahi

2010
Favourite Beti
Hina Khan
Won[24]

Favourite Patni

Favourite Maa
Lata Sabharwal

Favourite Pita
Sanjeev Seth

Favourite Jethani
Medha Sambutkar

Favourite Family
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

SPL Honour
Rajan Shahi

2011
Favourite Bhabhi
Hina Khan
Won[25]

Most Stylish Sadasya (Female)

Favourite Pati
Karan Mehra

Favourite Sasur
Sanjeev Seth

Favourite Jodi
Hina Khan – Karan Mehra

Favourite Serial
Rajan Shahi

2012
Favourite Beti
Hina Khan
Won[26]

Most Stylish Actress (Female)

Favourite Beta
Karan Mehra

Favourite Sasur
Sanjeev Seth

Favourite Bhabhi
Pooja Joshi

2013
Favourite Bhabhi
Hina Khan
Won[27]

Favourite Patni

Favourite Pita
Karan Mehra

Favourite Chhota Sadasya
Shivansh Kotia

Favourite Bhabhi
Pooja Joshi

SPL Mention for completing 1000 episodes
Rajan Shahi

2014
Favourite Maa
Hina Khan
Won[28]

Favourite Family
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

Favourite Pita
Karan Mehra

Favourite Chhota Sadasya
Shivansh Kotia

2015
Favourite Maa
Hina Khan
Won[29]

Favourite Bhabhi
Pooja Joshi

Favourite Pati
Karan Mehra

Favourite Naya Sadasya (Male)
Rohan Mehra

Favourite Sasur
Sandeep Mehta

SPL Mention for Longest Running Show
Rajan Shahi

2016
Favourite Chhota Sadasya
Ashnoor Kaur
Won

2017
Favourite Jodi of the Year
Mohsin Khan - Shivangi Joshi
Won[30]

Favourite Pati
Mohsin Khan

Favourite Patni
Shivangi Joshi

Favourite Sasur
Vishal Singh

text: New Talent Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2009
Best Actress
Hina Khan
Won [31]

Most Promising Actor
Karan Mehra

Most Promising New Show
Rajan Shahi

text: Indian Television Academy Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2009
Best Actress-Drama (Popular)
Hina Khan
Won [32]

Best Actor-Drama (Popular)
Karan Mehra

Best Serial-Drama (Popular)
Rajan Shahi

Best Costumes
Ritu Deora

2010
Best Actress-Drama (Popular)
Hina Khan
Won [32]

Best Direction
Neeraj Baliyan

Best Serial-Drama (Jury)
Rajan Shahi

ITA Scroll Honour
'Yeh Rishta & Bidaai'

2011
Best Direction'
Neeraj Baliyan
Won [32]

GR8! Ensemblance Cast
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai Team

2012
Best Actress-Drama (Popular)
Hina Khan
Won [32]

Best Direction
Neeraj Baliyan

Best Serial-Drama (Popular)
Rajan Shahi

2013
Best Actress-Drama (Popular)
Hina Khan
Won [32]

Best Actress in Supporting Role (Drama)
Sonali Verma

Best Serial-Drama (Popular)
Rajan Shahi

Best Child Artist
Shivansh Kotia

Best Music Composer
Naveen

2015
Popular Choice Actress
Hina Khan
Won [32]

Popular Choice Actor
Karan Mehra

text: Indian Telly Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2009
Best Fresh Face (Popular)
Hina Khan
Won [33]

Most Popular Ensemblance Cast
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

Most Popular Drama Series
Rajan Shahi

Best Costumes
Ritu Deora

2010
Most Popular Actress in a Lead Role
Hina Khan
Won [33]

Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Drama (Jury)
Sanjeev Seth

Most Popular Daily Series
Rajan Shahi

Most Popular Ensemblance Cast
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai

Best Direction
Jai Kalra & Ram Panday

2012
Most Popular Continuing TV Series
Rajan Shahi
Won [33][34]

Best Direction
Jai Kalra

2013
Best Onscreen Couple (Critics)
Hina Khan & Karan Mehra
Won [33]

Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Drama (Critics)
Abhijeet Lahiri

Best Television Show of the Year
Rajan Shahi

Most Popular Show with Social Message

Most Popular Continuing TV Show

Most Popular Child Artist
Shivansh Kotia

2014
Most Popular Child Artist
Shivansh Kotia
Won [33][33][35][36]

Most Popular Drama Series
Rajan Shahi

Most Popular Continuing TV Programme

2015
Best Ensemblance Cast
Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai
Won [33][33][37]

Most Popular Actor in Supporting Role
Rohan Mehra

text: Kalakar Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2010
Best Debutant (Female)
Hina Khan
Won [38]

Best Debutant (Male)
Karan Mehra

Best TV Serial
Rajan Shahi

2013
Best TV Actor (Female)
Hina Khan
Won [38]

Best TV Serial
Rajan Shahi

2014
Best Make-up Artist
Pandhari Juker
Won [38]

2015
Best Actress
Hina Khan
Won [38]

Favourite Television Show
Rajan Shahi

2016
Best Rising Star of Television
Hina Khan
Won [38][39]

Best TV Actor (Male)
Karan Mehra

Best TV Serial
Rajan Shahi

text: Lions Gold Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2010
Best TV Serial
Rajan Shahi
Won [40]

2013
Best TV Serial
Rajan Shahi
Won [40]

2015
Best TV Serial
Rajan Shahi
Won [40]

Best TV Child Artist
Shivansh Kotia

2016
Best TV Actress in Supporting Role
Lata Sabharwal
Won [40]

Best Television Actor (Popular)
Karan Mehra

Best Television Serial (Fiction)
Rajan Shahi

text: Star Guild Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2009
Best TV Storyline (Fiction)
Saba Mumtaz
Won [41]

2010
Best TV Programme of the Year
Rajan Shahi
Won [41]

2013
Best Direction
Jai Kalra & Ram Panday
Won [41]

2015
Best TV Storyline (Fiction)
Saba Mumtaz
Won [41]

Best Ongoing TV Programme of the Year
Rajan Shahi

Best TV Actress
Hina Khan

2016
Best Ongoing TV Programme of the Year
Rajan Shahi
Won [41]

text: Garv Indian TV Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2014
Best Music
Lalit Sen
Won [42]

Best Dialogues
Rekkha Modi

Child Artist (Male) – Jury
Shivansh Kotia

Supporting Star (Male) – Jury
Abhijeet Lahiri

SPL Mention by GITA
'Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai'

Popular Choice Actress
Hina Khan

Favourite Ensemblance Cast
'Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai'

Favourite Show with Social Message
Rajan Shahi

Favourite Longest Running Serial

Favourite Serial

Favourite Supporting Star
Sonali Verma

Favourite Jodi
Hina Khan & Karan Mehra

Favourite Actress
Hina Khan

Entertaining Star
Shivansh Kotia

2015
Garv Scroll Honour for Successfully TRP gainning Best Series for consecutive 6 years
Rajan Shahi
Won [42]

Best Audiography
Niranjan Chaturvedi

Best Teleplay
Anil V Kumar

Best Chereographer
Vaibhavi Merchant

Best Fictional Director
Ram Panday & Jai Kalra

Best Actor in Supporting Role (Jury)
Sanjeev Seth

Most Popular Actress
Hina Khan

Most Popular Jodi
Hina Khan & Karan Mehra

Most Popular Serial
Rajan Shahi

Most Popular Ensemblance Cast
'Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai'

Votice Choice Longest Running Serial
Rajan Shahi

Votice Choice Child Artist
Shivansh Kotia

2016
Best Lyrics
Vivek Nain
Won [42]

Best Child Artist (Female) – Jury
Ashnoor Kaur

Best Actor in Negative Role – Jury
Alok Nath

Best Onscreen Ongoing Jodi of the Year
Hina Khan & Karan Mehra

Most Popular New Comer
Rohan Mehra

Most Popular Supporting Star
Rohan Mehra

Most Popular Serial
Rajan Shahi

Most Popular Ongoing Serial

Most Entertaining Ensemblance
'Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai'

text: BIG Star Young Entertainers Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2012
Super Hit Television Actress
Hina Khan
Won [43]

text: BIG Star Entertainment Awards

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2010
BIG Star Most Entertaining Fiction Show
Rajan Shahi
Won [44]

2013
BIG Star Most Entertaining TV Actor (Male)
Shivansh Kotia
Won [44]

2014
BIG Star Most Entertaining Fiction Show
Rajan Shahi
Won [44]

text:
Year
Category
Recipient
Result

2010
Best Fiction Show
Rajan Shahi
Won [44]

2014
Best TV Actress
Hina Khan
Won

Best Fiction Show
Rajan Shahi


document_title: Continent

question_text: who discovered the fact that south america was a separate continent

text: Continent

text: Definitions and application

text: By convention, "continents are understood to be large, continuous, discrete masses of land, ideally separated by expanses of water."[2] Several of the seven conventionally recognized continents are not discrete landmasses separated completely by water. The criterion "large" leads to arbitrary classification: Greenland, with a surface area of 2,166,086 square kilometres (836,330 sq mi) is considered the world's largest island, while Australia, at 7,617,930 square kilometres (2,941,300 sq mi) is deemed the smallest continent.

text: Earth's major landmasses all have coasts on a single, continuous World Ocean, which is divided into a number of principal oceanic components by the continents and various geographic criteria.[3][4]

text: Extent

text: The most restricted meaning of continent is that of a continuous[5] area of land or mainland, with the coastline and any land boundaries forming the edge of the continent. In this sense the term continental Europe (sometimes referred to in Britain as "the Continent") is used to refer to mainland Europe, excluding islands such as Great Britain, Ireland, Malta and Iceland, and the term continent of Australia may refer to the mainland of Australia, excluding Tasmania and New Guinea. Similarly, the continental United States refers to the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia in central North America and may include Alaska in the northwest of the continent (the two being separated by Canada), while excluding Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Guam in the oceans.

text: From the perspective of geology or physical geography, continent may be extended beyond the confines of continuous dry land to include the shallow, submerged adjacent area (the continental shelf)[6] and the islands on the shelf (continental islands), as they are structurally part of the continent.[7]

text: From this perspective the edge of the continental shelf is the true edge of the continent, as shorelines vary with changes in sea level.[8] In this sense the islands of Great Britain and Ireland are part of Europe, while Australia and the island of New Guinea together form a continent.

text: As a cultural construct, the concept of a continent may go beyond the continental shelf to include oceanic islands and continental fragments. In this way, Iceland is considered part of Europe and Madagascar part of Africa. Extrapolating the concept to its extreme, some geographers group the Australian continental plate with other islands in the Pacific into one continent called Oceania. This divides the entire land surface of Earth into continents or quasi-continents.[9]

text: Separation

text: The ideal criterion that each continent be a discrete landmass is commonly relaxed due to historical conventions. Of the seven most globally recognized continents, only Antarctica and Australia are completely separated from other continents by ocean. Several continents are defined not as absolutely distinct bodies but as "more or less discrete masses of land".[10] Asia and Africa are joined by the Isthmus of Suez, and North and South America by the Isthmus of Panama. In both cases, there is no complete separation of these landmasses by water (disregarding the Suez Canal and Panama Canal, which are both narrow and shallow, as well as being artificial). Both these isthmuses are very narrow compared to the bulk off the landmasses they unite.

text: North America and South America are treated as separate continents in the seven-continent model. However, they may also be viewed as a single continent known as America or the Americas. This viewpoint was common in the United States until World War II, and remains prevalent in some Asian six-continent models.[11] This remains the more common vision in Latin American countries, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy and Greece, where they are taught as a single continent.

text: The criterion of a discrete landmass is completely disregarded if the continuous landmass of Eurasia is classified as two separate continents: Europe and Asia. Physiographically, Europe and South Asia are peninsulas of the Eurasian landmass. However, Europe is widely considered a continent with its comparatively large land area of 10,180,000 square kilometres (3,930,000 sq mi), while South Asia, with less than half that area, is considered a subcontinent. The alternative view—in geology and geography—that Eurasia is a single continent results in a six-continent view of the world. Some view separation of Eurasia into Asia and Europe as a residue of Eurocentrism: "In physical, cultural and historical diversity, China and India are comparable to the entire European landmass, not to a single European country. [...]."[12] However, for historical and cultural reasons,[which?] the view of Europe as a separate continent continues in several categorizations.[citation needed]

text: If continents are defined strictly as discrete landmasses, embracing all the contiguous land of a body, then Africa, Asia, and Europe form a single continent which may be referred to as Afro-Eurasia. This produces a four-continent model consisting of Afro-Eurasia, America, Antarctica and Australia.

text: When sea levels were lower during the Pleistocene ice ages, greater areas of continental shelf were exposed as dry land, forming land bridges. At those times Australia–New Guinea was a single, continuous continent. Likewise the Americas and Afro-Eurasia were joined by the Bering land bridge. Other islands such as Great Britain were joined to the mainlands of their continents. At that time there were just three discrete continents: Afro-Eurasia-America, Antarctica, and Australia-New Guinea.

text: Number

text: There are several ways of distinguishing the continents:

text:
Models

Color-coded map showing the various continents. Similar shades exhibit areas that may be consolidated or subdivided.

Four continents[13]
    Afro-Eurasia
   America
  Antarctica
  Australia

Five continents
  Africa
   Eurasia
   America
  Antarctica
  Australia

Six continents[14]
  Africa
  Asia
  Europe
   America
  Antarctica
  Australia

Six continents
[15][16]
  Africa
   Eurasia
  North America
  South America
  Antarctica
  Australia/Oceania

Seven continents
[16][17][18][19][20][21]
  Africa
  Asia
  Europe
  North America
  South America
  Antarctica
  Australia/Oceania

text:
The seven-continent model is usually taught in China, India, Pakistan, the Philippines, parts of Western Europe and most English-speaking countries, including Australia[22] and the United Kingdom.[23]
The six-continent combined-Eurasia model is mostly used in Russia, Eastern Europe, and Japan.
The six-continent combined-America model is often used in France and its former possessions, Italy, Portugal, Spain,[24] Romania, Latin America,[24] and Greece.[14]

A five-continent model is obtained from this model by excluding Antarctica as uninhabited. This is used, for example in the United Nations[25] and in the Olympic Charter.[26]

text: The term Oceania refers to a group of island countries and territories in the Pacific Ocean, together with the continent of Australia.[14][18] Pacific islands with ties to other continents (such as Japan, Hawaii or Easter Island) are usually grouped with those continents rather than Oceania. This term is used in several different continental models instead of Australia.

text: Other divisions

text: Supercontinents

text: Aside from the conventionally known continents, the scope and meaning of the term continent varies. Supercontinents, largely in evidence earlier in the geological record, are landmasses that comprise more than one craton or continental core. These have included Laurasia, Gondwana, Vaalbara, Kenorland, Columbia, Rodinia, and Pangaea.

text: Subcontinents

text: Certain parts of continents are recognized as subcontinents, especially the large peninsulas separated from the main continental landmass by geographical features. The most notable examples are the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula.[27] The southern cone of South America and Alaskan peninsula of North America are other examples.[27]

text: In many of these cases, the "subcontinents" concerned are on different tectonic plates from the rest of the continent, providing a geological justification for the terminology.[28] Greenland, generally reckoned as the world's largest island on the northeastern periphery of the North American Plate, is sometimes referred to as a subcontinent.[29][30] This is a significant departure from the more conventional view of a subcontinent as comprising a very large peninsula on the fringe of a continent.

text: Where the Americas are viewed as a single continent (America), it is divided into two subcontinents (North America and South America)[31][32][33] or three (with Central America being the third).[34][35] When Eurasia is regarded as a single continent, Europe is treated as a subcontinent.[27]

text: Submerged continents

text: Some areas of continental crust are largely covered by the sea and may be considered submerged continents. Notable examples are Zealandia, emerging from the sea primarily in New Zealand and New Caledonia, and the almost completely submerged Kerguelen Plateau in the southern Indian Ocean.

text: Microcontinents

text: Some islands lie on sections of continental crust that have rifted and drifted apart from a main continental landmass. While not considered continents because of their relatively small size, they may be considered microcontinents. Madagascar, the largest example, is usually considered an island of Africa but has been referred to as "the eighth continent" from a biological perspective[clarification needed].[36]

text: Botanical continents

text: "Continents" may be defined differently for specific purposes. The Biodiversity Information Standards organization has developed the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, used in many international plant databases. This scheme divides the world into nine "botanical continents". Some match the traditional geographical continents, but some differ significantly. Thus the Americas are divided between Northern America (Mexico northwards) and Southern America (Central America and the Caribbean southwards) rather than between North America and South America.[37]

text: History of continental configurations

text: History of the concept

text: Early concepts of the Old World continents

text: The term "continent" translates Greek ἤπειρος, properly "landmass, terra firma", the proper name of Epirus and later especially used of Asia (i.e. Asia Minor),[38] The first distinction between continents was made by ancient Greek mariners who gave the names Europe and Asia to the lands on either side of the waterways of the Aegean Sea, the Dardanelles strait, the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus strait and the Black Sea.[39] The names were first applied just to lands near the coast and only later extended to include the hinterlands.[40] But the division was only carried through to the end of navigable waterways and "... beyond that point the Hellenic geographers never succeeded in laying their finger on any inland feature in the physical landscape that could offer any convincing line for partitioning an indivisible Eurasia ..."[39]

text: Ancient Greek thinkers subsequently debated whether Africa (then called Libya) should be considered part of Asia or a third part of the world. Division into three parts eventually came to predominate.[41] From the Greek viewpoint, the Aegean Sea was the center of the world; Asia lay to the east, Europe to the north and west, and Africa to the south.[42] The boundaries between the continents were not fixed. Early on, the Europe–Asia boundary was taken to run from the Black Sea along the Rioni River (known then as the Phasis) in Georgia. Later it was viewed as running from the Black Sea through Kerch Strait, the Sea of Azov and along the Don River (known then as the Tanais) in Russia.[43] The boundary between Asia and Africa was generally taken to be the Nile River. Herodotus[44] in the 5th century BC, however, objected to the unity of Egypt being split into Asia and Africa ("Libya") and took the boundary to lie along the western border of Egypt, regarding Egypt as part of Asia. He also questioned the division into three of what is really a single landmass,[45] a debate that continues nearly two and a half millennia later.

text: Eratosthenes, in the 3rd century BC, noted that some geographers divided the continents by rivers (the Nile and the Don), thus considering them "islands". Others divided the continents by isthmuses, calling the continents "peninsulas". These latter geographers set the border between Europe and Asia at the isthmus between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, and the border between Asia and Africa at the isthmus between the Red Sea and the mouth of Lake Bardawil on the Mediterranean Sea.[46]

text: Through the Roman period and the Middle Ages, a few writers took the Isthmus of Suez as the boundary between Asia and Africa, but most writers continued to consider it the Nile or the western border of Egypt (Gibbon)[citation needed]. In the Middle Ages, the world was usually portrayed on T and O maps, with the T representing the waters dividing the three continents. By the middle of the 18th century, "the fashion of dividing Asia and Africa at the Nile, or at the Great Catabathmus [the boundary between Egypt and Libya] farther west, had even then scarcely passed away".[47]

text: European arrival in the Americas

text: Christopher Columbus sailed across the Atlantic Ocean to the West Indies in 1492, sparking a period of European exploration of the Americas. But despite four voyages to the Americas, Columbus never believed he had reached a new continent—he always thought it was part of Asia.

text: In 1501, Amerigo Vespucci and Gonçalo Coelho attempted to sail around what they considered the southern end of the Asian mainland into the Indian Ocean, passing through Fernando de Noronha. After reaching the coast of Brazil, they sailed a long way further south along the coast of South America, confirming that this was a land of continental proportions and that it also extended much further south than Asia was known to.[48] On return to Europe, an account of the voyage, called Mundus Novus ("New World"), was published under Vespucci's name in 1502 or 1503,[49] although it seems that it had additions or alterations by another writer.[50] Regardless of who penned the words, Mundus Novus credited Vespucci with saying, "I have discovered a continent in those southern regions that is inhabited by more numerous people and animals than our Europe, or Asia or Africa",[51] the first known explicit identification of part of the Americas as a continent like the other three.

text: Within a few years the name "New World" began appearing as a name for South America on world maps, such as the Oliveriana (Pesaro) map of around 1504–1505. Maps of this time though, still showed North America connected to Asia and showed South America as a separate land.[50]

text: In 1507 Martin Waldseemüller published a world map, Universalis Cosmographia, which was the first to show North and South America as separate from Asia and surrounded by water. A small inset map above the main map explicitly showed for the first time the Americas being east of Asia and separated from Asia by an ocean, as opposed to just placing the Americas on the left end of the map and Asia on the right end. In the accompanying book Cosmographiae Introductio, Waldseemüller noted that the earth is divided into four parts, Europe, Asia, Africa and the fourth part, which he named "America" after Amerigo Vespucci's first name.[52] On the map, the word "America" was placed on part of South America.

text: The word continent

text: From the 16th century the English noun continent was derived from the term continent land, meaning continuous or connected land[53] and translated from the Latin terra continens.[54] The noun was used to mean "a connected or continuous tract of land" or mainland.[53] It was not applied only to very large areas of land—in the 17th century, references were made to the continents (or mainlands) of Isle of Man, Ireland and Wales and in 1745 to Sumatra.[53] The word continent was used in translating Greek and Latin writings about the three "parts" of the world, although in the original languages no word of exactly the same meaning as continent was used.[55]

text: While continent was used on the one hand for relatively small areas of continuous land, on the other hand geographers again raised Herodotus's query about why a single large landmass should be divided into separate continents. In the mid-17th century, Peter Heylin wrote in his Cosmographie that "A Continent is a great quantity of Land, not separated by any Sea from the rest of the World, as the whole Continent of Europe, Asia, Africa." In 1727, Ephraim Chambers wrote in his Cyclopædia, "The world is ordinarily divided into two grand continents: the old and the new." And in his 1752 atlas, Emanuel Bowen defined a continent as "a large space of dry land comprehending many countries all joined together, without any separation by water. Thus Europe, Asia, and Africa is one great continent, as America is another."[56] However, the old idea of Europe, Asia and Africa as "parts" of the world ultimately persisted with these being regarded as separate continents.

text: Beyond four continents

text: From the late 18th century, some geographers started to regard North America and South America as two parts of the world, making five parts in total. Overall though, the fourfold division prevailed well into the 19th century.[57]

text: Europeans discovered Australia in 1606, but for some time it was taken as part of Asia. By the late 18th century, some geographers considered it a continent in its own right, making it the sixth (or fifth for those still taking America as a single continent).[57] In 1813, Samuel Butler wrote of Australia as "New Holland, an immense island, which some geographers dignify with the appellation of another continent" and the Oxford English Dictionary was just as equivocal some decades later.[58]

text: Antarctica was sighted in 1820 during the First Russian Antarctic Expedition and described as a continent by Charles Wilkes on the United States Exploring Expedition in 1838, the last continent identified, although a great "Antarctic" (antipodean) landmass had been anticipated for millennia. An 1849 atlas labelled Antarctica as a continent but few atlases did so until after World War II.[59]

text: From the mid-19th century, atlases published in the United States more commonly treated North and South America as separate continents, while atlases published in Europe usually considered them one continent. However, it was still not uncommon for American atlases to treat them as one continent up until World War II.[60]

text: From the 1950s, most U.S. geographers divided the Americas into two continents.[60] With the addition of Antarctica, this made the seven-continent model. However, this division of the Americas never appealed to Latin Americans, who saw their region spanning an América as a single landmass, and there the conception of six continents remains dominant, as it does in scattered other countries.[citation needed]

text: Some geographers regard Europe and Asia together as a single continent, dubbed Eurasia.[61] In this model, the world is divided into six continents, with North America and South America considered separate continents.

text: Geology

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Geologists use the term continent in a different manner from geographers, where a continent is defined by continental crust: a platform of metamorphic and igneous rock, largely of granitic composition. Some geologists restrict the term 'continent' to portions of the crust built around stable Precambrian "shield", typically 1.5 to 3.8 billion years old, called a craton. The craton itself is an accretionary complex of ancient mobile belts (mountain belts) from earlier cycles of subduction, continental collision and break-up from plate tectonic activity. An outward-thickening veneer of younger, minimally deformed sedimentary rock covers much of the craton. The margins of geologic continents are characterized by currently active or relatively recently active mobile belts and deep troughs of accumulated marine or deltaic sediments. Beyond the margin, there is either a continental shelf and drop off to the basaltic ocean basin or the margin of another continent, depending on the current plate-tectonic setting of the continent. A continental boundary does not have to be a body of water. Over geologic time, continents are periodically submerged under large epicontinental seas, and continental collisions result in a continent becoming attached to another continent. The current geologic era is relatively anomalous in that so much of the continental areas are "high and dry"; that is, many parts of the continents that were once below sea level are now elevated well above it due to changes in sea levels and the subsequent uplifting of those continental areas from tectonic activity.[62]

text: Some argue that continents are accretionary crustal "rafts" that, unlike the denser basaltic crust of the ocean basins, are not subjected to destruction through the plate tectonic process of subduction. This accounts for the great age of the rocks comprising the continental cratons. By this definition, Eastern Europe, India and some other regions could be regarded as continental masses distinct from the rest of Eurasia because they have separate ancient shield areas (i.e. East European craton and Indian craton). Younger mobile belts (such as the Ural Mountains and Himalayas) mark the boundaries between these regions and the rest of Eurasia.

text: There are many microcontinents, or continental fragments, that are built of continental crust but do not contain a craton. Some of these are fragments of Gondwana or other ancient cratonic continents: Zealandia, which includes New Zealand and New Caledonia; Madagascar; the northern Mascarene Plateau, which includes the Seychelles. Other islands, such as several in the Caribbean Sea, are composed largely of granitic rock as well, but all continents contain both granitic and basaltic crust, and there is no clear boundary as to which islands would be considered microcontinents under such a definition. The Kerguelen Plateau, for example, is largely volcanic, but is associated with the breakup of Gondwanaland and is considered a microcontinent,[63][64] whereas volcanic Iceland and Hawaii are not. The British Isles, Sri Lanka, Borneo, and Newfoundland are margins of the Laurasian continent—only separated by inland seas flooding its margins.

text: Plate tectonics offers yet another way of defining continents. Today, Europe and most of Asia constitute the unified Eurasian Plate, which is approximately coincident with the geographic Eurasian continent excluding India, Arabia, and far eastern Russia. India contains a central shield, and the geologically recent Himalaya mobile belt forms its northern margin. North America and South America are separate continents, the connecting isthmus being largely the result of volcanism from relatively recent subduction tectonics. North American continental rocks extend to Greenland (a portion of the Canadian Shield), and in terms of plate boundaries, the North American plate includes the easternmost portion of the Asian land mass. Geologists do not use these facts to suggest that eastern Asia is part of the North American continent, even though the plate boundary extends there; the word continent is usually used in its geographic sense and additional definitions ("continental rocks," "plate boundaries") are used as appropriate.

text: The movement of plates has caused the formation and break-up of continents over time, including occasional formation of a supercontinent that contains most or all of the continents. The supercontinent Columbia or Nuna formed during a period of 2.0–1.8 billion years and broke up about 1.5–1.3 billion years ago.[65][66] The supercontinent Rodinia is thought to have formed about 1 billion years ago and to have embodied most or all of Earth's continents, and broken up into eight continents around 600 million years ago. The eight continents later re-assembled into another supercontinent called Pangaea; Pangaea broke up into Laurasia (which became North America and Eurasia) and Gondwana (which became the remaining continents).

text: Highest and lowest points

text: The following table lists the seven continents with their highest and lowest points on land, sorted in decreasing highest points.

text:
Continent
Highest point
Elevation (m)
Elevation (ft)
Country or territory containing highest point
Lowest point
Elevation (m)
Elevation (ft)
Country or territory containing lowest point

Asia
Mount Everest
8,848
29,029
China and Nepal
Dead Sea
−427
−1,401
Israel, Jordan and Palestine

South America
Aconcagua
6,960
22,830
Argentina
Laguna del Carbón
−105
−344
Argentina

North America
Denali
6,198
20,335
United States
Death Valley †
−86
−282
United States

Africa
Mount Kilimanjaro
5,895
19,341
Tanzania
Lake Assal
−155
−509
Djibouti

Europe
Mount Elbrus
5,642
18,510
Russia
Caspian Sea
−28
−92
Russia

Antarctica
Vinson Massif
4,892
16,050
(none)
Deep Lake, Vestfold Hills †
−50
−160
(none)

Australia
Puncak Jaya
4,884
16,024
Indonesia (Papua)
Lake Eyre
−15
−49
Australia

text: † The lowest exposed points are given for North America and Antarctica. The lowest non-submarine bedrock elevations in these continents are the trough beneath Jakobshavn Glacier (−1,512 metres (−4,961 ft)[67]) and Bentley Subglacial Trench (−2,540 metres (−8,330 ft)), but these are covered by kilometers of ice.

text: Some sources list the Kuma–Manych Depression (a remnant of the Paratethys) as the geological border between Europe and Asia. This would place the Caucasus outside of Europe, thus making Mont Blanc (elevation 4810 m) in the Graian Alps the highest point in Europe - the lowest point would still be the shore of the Caspian Sea.