document_title: Darts

question_text: how many scoring zones are on a standard dartboard

question_tokens: how many scoring zones are on a standard dartboard

text: Darts

text: Equipment[edit]

text: Dartboard[edit]

text: Darts were historically used in warfare in ancient history; skirmishers used darts of varying sizes, similar to miniature javelins. It was the practice of this skill that developed into a game of skill. Before the First World War, pubs in the United Kingdom had dartboards made from solid blocks of wood, usually elm.[3][4] They had to be soaked overnight to heal the holes made by the darts, and it was a messy business for the publican, although darts was a popular game. This changed when a company called Nodor, whose primary business was making modelling clay (which has no odour, hence the name Nodor), started producing clay dartboards in 1923. The clay dartboards never caught on, and Nodor switched to making the traditional elm dartboards that were popular at the time. Their model of dartboard was not a great success until someone came up with the idea of using the century plant to make a dartboard. Small bundles of sisal fibres of the same length were bundled together. The bundles were then compressed into a disk and bound with a metal ring. It was an instant success, as the darts did little or no damage to the board—they just parted the fibres when they entered the board; this type of board was more durable and required little maintenance.

text: Quality dartboards are still made of sisal fibres; less expensive boards are sometimes made of cork or coiled paper. However, several types of sisal fibre are used in dartboards today, originating from East Africa, Brazil, or China. Despite widespread belief that some dartboards are constructed using pig bristles, camel hair, or horse hair, there is no evidence that boards have ever been produced commercially from these materials.

text: A regulation board is 17 3⁄4 inches (451 mm) in diameter and is divided into 20 radial sections. Each section is separated with metal wire or a thin band of sheet metal.[5] The best dartboards have the thinnest wire, so that the darts have less chance of hitting a wire and bouncing out. The numbers indicating the various scoring sections of the board are also normally made of wire, especially on tournament-quality boards. The wire ring on which the numbers are welded can be turned to facilitate even wear of the board. Boards of lesser quality often have the numbers printed directly on the board.

text: In the late '70s, companies devised and began producing electronic dartboards. These dartboards have electronic scoring computers that are preprogrammed with a wide variety of game types. The board is made of plastic facings with small holes. The holes slant out, allowing the plastic-tipped darts to stick inside. When a dart strikes the board, the section makes contact with a metal plate, telling the computer where the player has thrown. These "soft-tip" darts and automated boards greatly increased the game's popularity in the United States.

text: Illumination should be arranged to brightly illuminate the dartboard and minimize shadows of thrown darts. The main supply for the illumination should be protected against accidental piercing, or placed away from the board.

text: History[edit]

text: The dartboard may have its origins in the cross-section of a tree. An old name for a dartboard is "butt"; the word comes from the French word but, meaning "target".[6] In particular, the Yorkshire and Manchester Log End boards differ from the standard board in that they have no triple, only double and bullseye, the Manchester board being of a smaller diameter, with a playing area of only 25 cm (9.84 in) across with double and bull areas measuring just 4 mm (0.157in.). The London Fives board is another variation. This has only 12 equal segments numbered 20, 5, 15, 10, 20, 5, 15, 10, 20, 5, 15, 10 with the doubles and trebles being a quarter of an inch (6.35mm) wide.

text: There is a speculation that the game originated among soldiers throwing short arrows at the bottom of a cask or at the bottom of trunks of trees. As the wood dried, cracks would develop, creating "sections". Soon, regional standards emerged and many woodworkers supplemented bar tabs by fabricating dart boards for the local pubs.

text: It is generally said that the standard numbering plan with a 20 on top was created in 1896 by Lancashire carpenter Brian Gamlin,[7] though this is disputed.[8][9] However, a great many other configurations have been used throughout the years and in different geographical locations. Gamlin's layout was devised to penalise inaccuracy. Although this applies to most of the board, the left-hand side (near the 14 section) is preferred by beginners, for its concentration of larger numbers. Mathematically, removing the rotational symmetry by placing the "20" at the top, there are 19!, or 121,645,100,408,832,000 possible dartboards. Many different layouts would penalise a player more than the current setup; however, the current setup actually does the job rather efficiently. There have been several mathematical papers published that consider the "optimal" dartboard.[10]

text: Darts[edit]

text: Initially the missiles were simply cut down arrows or crossbow bolts.[11] The first purpose-made darts were manufactured in one piece from wood; wrapped with a strip of lead for weight and fitted with flights made from split turkey feathers. These darts were mainly imported from France and became known as French darts.[12] Metal barrels were patented in 1906 but wood continued to be used into the 1950s.[11][13] The first metal barrels were made from brass which was relatively cheap and easy to work.[12] The wooden shafts, which were now threaded to fit the tapped barrel, were either fletched as before or designed to take a paper flight. This type of dart continued to be used into the 1970s.[12] When the advantages of using plastic were realised, the shaft and flight became separate entities, although one piece moulded plastic shaft and flights were also available.[14]

text: Modern darts have four parts: the points, the barrels, the shafts and the flights.[15] The steel points come in 2 common lengths, 32mm and 41mm and are sometimes knurled or coated to improve grip. Others are designed to retract slightly on impact to lessen the chance of bouncing out.[16]

text: The barrels come in a variety of weights and are usually constructed from brass, silver-nickel, or a tungsten alloy.[17] Brass is cheap but light and therefore brass barrels tend to be very bulky. Tungsten on the other hand, is twice as dense as brass thus a barrel of an equivalent weight could be thirty percent smaller in diameter.[18] Tungsten is very brittle however and so an alloy of between 80 and 95 per cent tungsten is used. The remainder is usually nickel, iron, or copper.[18] Silver-nickel darts offer a compromise between density and cost.

text: Barrels come in 3 basic shapes: cylindrical, torpedo, or ton.[19] Cylindrical barrels are the same diameter along their entire length and so tend to be long and thin. Their slenderness makes them better for grouping but because they are long, the centre of gravity is further back. Ton shaped barrels are thin at either end but bulge in the middle. This makes them fatter than a cylindrical barrel of equivalent weight but the centre of gravity is further forward and so theoretically easier to throw. Torpedo shaped barrels are widest at the point end and taper towards the rear. This keeps the weight as far forward as possible but like the ton, gives it a larger diameter than the cylinder.

text: The shafts are manufactured in various lengths and some are designed to be cut to length. Shafts are generally made from plastics, nylon polymers, or metals such as aluminium and titanium; and can be rigid or flexible.[20] Longer shafts provide greater stability and allow a reduction in flight size which in turn can lead to closer grouping; but they also shift the weight towards the rear causing the dart to tilt backwards during flight,requiring a harder, faster throw. A longer shaft will however make the dart less responsive and increase the chance of "wobbling".

text: The primary purpose of the flight is to produce drag and thus prevent the rear of the dart overtaking the point.[15] It also has an effect on stability by reducing wobble. Modern flights are generally made from plastic, nylon, or foil and are available in a range of shapes and sizes. The three most common shapes in order of size are the standard, the kite, and the smaller pear shape. The less surface area, the less stability but larger flights hamper close grouping. Some manufactures have sought to solve this by making a flight long and thin but this in turn creates other problems such as changing the dart's centre of gravity. Generally speaking a heavier dart will require a larger flight.[15]

text: The choice of barrel, shaft, and flight will depend a great deal on the individual player's throwing style. For competitive purposes a dart cannot weigh more than 50g including the shaft and flight and cannot exceed a total length of 300mm.[11]

text: Playing dimensions[edit]

text: The WDF uses the following standards for play:

text: Height - The dart board is hung so that the centre of the bulls eye is 5 ft 8 inches (1.73 m) from the floor. This is considered eye-level for a six-foot man.

text: Distance - The oche (line behind which the thrower must stand) should be 7 ft 9¼ inches (2.37 m) from the face of the board. If the face projects outward from the wall, due to the thickness of the board and/or a cabinet in which it is mounted, the oche must be moved back appropriately to maintain the required distance.

text: The regulations came about due to the United Kingdom and the rest of the world playing at different lengths, with 7 ft 9¼ inches (2.37 m) being the compromised length.

text: Scoring[edit]

text: The standard dartboard is divided into 20 numbered sections, scoring from 1 to 20 points, by wires running from the small central circle to the outer circular wire. Circular wires within the outer wire subdivide each section into single, double and triple areas. The dartboard featured on the "Indoor League" television show of the 1970s did not feature a triple section, and according to host Fred Trueman during the first episode, this is the traditional Yorkshire board.

text: Various games can be played (and still are played informally) using the standard dartboard. However, in the official game, any dart landing inside the outer wire scores as follows:

text:
Hitting one of the large portions of each of the numbered sections, traditionally alternately coloured black and white, scores the points value of that section.
Hitting the thin inner portions of these sections, roughly halfway between the outer wire and the central circle coloured red or green, scores triple the points value of that section.
Hitting the thin outer portions of these sections, again coloured red or green, scores double the points value of that section. The double-20 is often referred to as double-top, reflecting the 20's position on the dartboard.
The central circle is divided into a green outer ring worth 25 points (known as "outer", "outer bull", or "iris") and a red or black inner circle (usually known as "bull", "inner bull" or "double bull"), worth 50 points. The term "bullseye" can mean either the whole central part of the board or just the inner red/black section. The term "bull's ring" usually means just the green outer ring. The inner bull counts as a double when doubling in or out.
Hitting outside the outer wire scores nothing.
A dart only scores if its point is embedded in or is touching the playing surface. This rule applies to any dart that lands in such a way as to be partially or totally supported by others that have already hit the board.
When a standard board is used, any dart whose point does not remain in contact with the playing surface until being collected by the player does not score. This includes darts that bounce off the board for any reason, that fall off on their own, or that are dislodged by the impact of later throws. However, when an electronic board is used, fallen/dislodged darts do score as long as their impacts have registered on the board first.

text: The highest score possible with three darts is 180, commonly known as a "ton 80" (100 points is called a ton), obtained when all three darts land in the triple 20. In the televised game, the referee frequently announces a score of 180 in exuberant style. A "quad" ring appeared briefly between the triple ring and the bull in the 1990s, leading to a potential 240 maximum (three quad-20s), a 210 maximum checkout (Q20-Q20-Bull) and seven dart finishes from a 501 start (five quad-20s, triple-17, bullseye), but was swiftly dropped from professional tournament play after only two years.[21] One make of this board was the Harrows Quadro 240.[22]

text: Skill level and aiming[edit]

text: Assuming standard scoring, the optimal area to aim for on the dart board in order to maximize the player's score varies significantly based on the players skill. The skilled player should aim for the centre of the T20 and as the player's skill decreases, their aim moves slightly up and to the left of the T20. At σ = 16.4 mm the best place to aim jumps to the T19. As the player's skill decreases further, the best place to aim curls into the centre of the board, stopping a bit lower than and to the left of the bullseye at σ = 100.[23]

text: Where σ may refer to the standard deviation for a specific population: List of darts players.

text: Games[edit]

text: There are many games that can be played on a dartboard, but the term "darts" generally refers to a game in which one player at a time throws three darts per visit to the board. The throwing player must stand so that no portion of his/her feet extends past the leading edge of the oche, but may stand on any other portion and/or lean forward over it if desired.

text: The most common objective is to reduce a fixed score, commonly 301 or 501, to zero ("checking out"). The final dart must land in either the bullseye or a double segment in order to win. A game of darts is generally contested between two players, who take turns. Each turn consists of throwing three darts. When two teams play, the starting score is sometimes increased to 701 or even 1001; the rules remain the same.

text: A throw that reduces a player's score below zero, to exactly one, or to zero but not ending with a double is known as "going bust", with the player's score being reset to the value prior to starting the turn, and the remainder of the turn being forfeited.

text: In some variants (called a "northern bust" in London) only the dart that causes the bust is not counted. That is felt by some to be a purer version of the game, as under the normal rules, as explained above, a player left with a difficult finish, e.g. 5 and one dart remaining will often deliberately "bust" it in order to get back to the easier finish that they had at the start of their go. For example, a player with 20 at the start of their go could miss the double 10 and get a single, miss the double 5 and get a single, leaving them 5 and only one dart remaining. Their best option is to deliberately bust it to get back onto double 10. Under the "northern bust" they would remain on 5.

text: A darts match is played over a fixed number of games, known as legs. A match may be divided into sets, with each set being contested as over a fixed number of legs.

text: Although playing straight down from 501 is standard in darts, sometimes a double must be hit to begin scoring, known as "doubling in", with all darts thrown before hitting a double not being counted. The PDC's World Grand Prix uses this format.

text: The minimum number of thrown darts required to complete a leg of 501 is nine. The most common nine dart finish consists of two 180 maximums followed by a 141 checkout (T20-T19-D12), but there are many other possible ways of achieving the feat. Three 167s (T20-T19-Bull) is considered a pure or perfect nine dart finish by some players.

text: Other games and variants[edit]

text: There are a number of regional variations on the standard rules and scoring systems.

text: Round the Clock[edit]

text: "Round the clock" is a variation that involves hitting the numbers in sequence, known as "around the world" in Australia and New Zealand.[24] "Jumpers" is a somewhat swifter and more exciting variation of Round the Clock believed to have originated amongst the British ex-pat community in Asia.[25]

text: 20 to 1[edit]

text: 20 to 1 is a Dutch variation of the "around the world" darts game that differs significantly. This game uses the standard 20 number dartboard with the triple and double rings. In Dutch it's called "Van 20 naar 1". 20 to 1 is typically played between 2, 3, 4 or 5 players, or 2 teams of max 5 players. The goal of 20 to 1 is to be the first player or team to throw all numbers in consecutive order from 20 to 1 and win the game with outer or inner bullseye.

text: Around the world[edit]

text: "Around the world" is a game whereby each player must hit consecutive numbers on the board in order to proceed to the next round. In a one on one battle the winner is the person to reach the last number or bullseye. In a team competition the winner is the first team to reach the last number or bullseye after the round is complete or each member of each team has thrown that specific round.

text: American darts[edit]

text: American Darts is a regional USA variant of the game (most U.S. dart players play the traditional games described above). This style of dart board is most often found in eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and parts of New York state.

text: Archery darts[edit]

text: This is played in exactly the same way as a regular game of darts, but using recurve or compound bows to shoot full length arrows from a distance to hit a 60 cm or 90 cm paper target face that looks like a dartboard. These are commercially produced, but usually only in black & white.

text: Audio darts[edit]

text: A variant of traditional darts played using a blindfold. Often played by people with visual disabilities. Typically a talking electronic dartboard is used to speak the numbers hit, keep score and announce who is throwing next.

text: Cricket[edit]

text: Cricket is a widely played darts game involving a race to control and score on numbers between 20 and 15 and the bullseye, by hitting each of these targets for three marks to open or own it for scoring. A hit on the target counts as one mark, while hits in the doubles ring of the target count as two marks in one throw, and on the triples ring as three. Once opened in this manner, until the opponent closes that number with three marks on it of their own, each additional hit by the owner/opener scores points equal to the number of the target (which may also be doubled and tripled, e.g. a triple-20 is worth 60 points). The outer bullseye counts as 25 points, and the inner as 50.

text: Dartball[edit]

text: Dartball is a darts game based on the sport of baseball. It is played on a diamond shaped board and has similar scoring to baseball.

text: Dart golf[edit]

text: Dart golf is a darts game based on the sport of golf and is regulated by the World Dolf Federation (WDFF).[26] It is played on both special golf dartboards and traditional dartboards. Scoring is similar to golf.

text: Fives[edit]

text: This is a regional variant still played in some parts of the East End of London. The board has fewer, larger segments, all numbered either 5, 10, 15 or 20. Players play down from 505 rather than 501, and stand the farthest (9 ft or 2.7 m) away from the board of any mainstream variation.[27]

text: Halve it[edit]

text: “Halve it” is a darts game popular in the United Kingdom and parts of North America where competitors try to hit previously agreed targets on a standard dart board.[28] Failure to do so within a single throw (3 darts) results in the player losing half their accumulated score. Any number of players can take part and the game can vary in length depending on the number of targets selected.[29] The game can be tailored to the skill level of the players by selecting easy or difficult targets.

text: Killer[edit]

text: "Killer" is a 'knock-out' game for two or more players (at its best at 4–6 players). Initially each player throws a dart at the board with their non-dominant hand to obtain their 'number'. No two players can have the same number. Once everyone has a number, each player takes it in turn to get their number five times with their three darts (doubles count twice, and triples three times). Once a person has reached 5, they become a 'killer'. This means they can aim for other peoples numbers, taking a point off for each time they hit (doubles x2, triples x3). If a person gets to zero they are out. A killer can aim for anyone's numbers, even another killer's. Players cannot get more than 5 points. The winner is 'the last man standing'.[30]

text: Lawn darts[edit]

text: Lawn darts (also called Jarts or yard darts) is a lawn game based on darts. The game play and objective are similar to both horseshoes and darts. The darts are similar to the ancient Roman plumbata.

text: Moving Target[edit]

text: Moving Target is a darts game for two or more players in which each round, one player serves as the "setter" to set the target, and each other player is a "scorer" and tries to score points. The role of "setter" rotates from player to player each round. The first player to reach 21 points (or any other predetermined number of points) wins the game. In each round, the setter throws two darts to set the target for the round. The target is equal to either the sum or the difference of the two darts thrown by the setter. Doubles and triples do not count for these two darts. A bullseye thrown by the setter counts for 25. For example, if the setter throws a bullseye and a five, the target is either 30 or 20 (25 + 5 = 30 and 25 – 5 = 20). Once a target has been set, the scorer has three darts to equal the target and score points. Each dart is considered individually. Doubles and triples do count for this dart, so there may be multiple ways to hit the target. A bullseye thrown by the scorer counts for either 25 or 0. A scorer can score between 0 and 9 points per round. If the scorer hits a target number with a single, the scorer gets 1 point. If the scorer hits a target number with a double or a single bullseye, the scorer gets 2 points. If the scorer hits the target number with a triple, the scorer gets 3 points. If the scorer hits the target number with a double-bullseye, this is called a ZARTRON! A player who scores a ZARTRON! gets 3 points and skips their next turn as setter, allowing an opportunity to score again right away.[31]

text: Shanghai[edit]

text: Shanghai is a darts game of accuracy.[32] Hitting doubles and triples is paramount to victory. This game is played with at least two players. The standard version is played in 7 rounds.[32] In round one players throw their darts aiming for the 1 section, round 2, the 2 section and so on until round 7. Standard scoring is used, and doubles and triples are counted. Only hits on the wedge for that round are counted. The winner is the person who has the most points at the end of seven rounds (1–7); or who scores a Shanghai, which wins win instantly, a Shanghai being throws that hit a triple, a double and single (in any order) of the number that is in play.[32]

text: Shanghai can also be played for 20 rounds to use all numbers. A Fairer Start for Shanghai: To prevent players from becoming too practiced at shooting for the 1, the number sequence can begin at the number of the dart that lost the throw for the bullseye to determine the starting thrower. For example; Thrower A shoots for the bullseye and hits the 17. Thrower B shoots for the bullseye and hits it. Thrower B then begins the game, starting on the number 17, then 18, 19, 20, 1, 2, 3, etc. through 16 (if no player hits Shanghai).

text: Seventeen Skunk[edit]

text: A reverse form of unscored Cricket, beginning with the bullseye. Once any player has cleared the 17, any players who have not cleared bullseye are eliminated.

text: Darf[edit]

text: Objective is to have the lowest score at the end of the game. Six rounds of darts, the first five are scored at their value (missing the board is 30 points), while the sixth round is one dart that subtracts from the current total.

text: Ice Breaker[edit]

text: Objective is to be the first team to reach a score of 150, with only 1-12 counting towards a player's score. doubles and triples of 1-12 still count, though throwa must single in and out. Scoring a bullseye (an ice breaker) will put everyone’s score back to zero. Only three ice breakers can be scored per game. Geoff Quinn is credited as the inspiration for this game of darts.

text: Darts organisations[edit]

text: Amateur league organisations[edit]

text: The American Darts Organization promulgates rules and standards for amateur league darts and sanctions tournaments in the United States. The American Darts Organization began operation January 1, 1976 with 30 charter member clubs and a membership of 7,500 players. Today, the ADO has a membership that averages 250 clubs on a yearly basis representing roughly 50,000 members.[33] l

text: Professional organisations[edit]

text: Of the two professional organisations, the British Darts Organisation (BDO), founded 1973, is the older. Its tournaments were often shown on the BBC in the UK. The BDO is a member of the World Darts Federation (WDF) (founded 1976), along with organizations in some 60 other countries worldwide. The BDO originally organised a number of the more prestigious British tournaments with a few notable exceptions such as the News of the World Championship and the national events run under the auspices of the National Darts Association of Great Britain. However, many sponsors were lost and British TV coverage became much reduced by the early nineties.

text: In 1992 a breakaway organisation was formed, initially known as the World Darts Council (WDC) but shortly after known as the Professional Darts Corporation (PDC). The PDC tournaments have a considerable following, although the PDC World Championship attracts lower TV viewing figures than that of the BDO due to the BDO World Championship being free to view on the BBC. However, due to the BBC picking up the inaugural Champions League of Darts set to begin on 24 September 2016, they will no longer be broadcasting the BDO World Championship.

text: The PDC tournaments often have higher prize money and feature the leading player in the history of the game, 16-time World Champion Phil Taylor. The highly successful BDO player Raymond van Barneveld switched to the PDC and won the PDC World Championship at his first attempt in 2007.

text: Professional play[edit]

text: The BDO and PDC both organise a World Professional Championship. They are held annually over the Christmas/New Year period, with the PDC championship finishing slightly earlier than the BDO tournament. The BDO World Championship has been running since 1978; the PDC World Championship started in 1994.

text: Both organisations hold other professional tournaments. The BDO organise the World Masters and many Open tournaments. They also organise county darts for their 66 county members in the UK including individual and team events.

text: The PDC's major tournaments are the World Championship, Premier League, UK Open, World Matchplay, World Grand Prix and the Grand Slam of Darts. All of these are broadcast live on Sky Sports television in the UK. They also hold PDC Pro Tour events and smaller category events around the UK.

text: Two Dutch independently organised major tournaments, the International Darts League and the World Darts Trophy introduced a mix of BDO and PDC players in 2006 and 2007. Both organisations allocated rankings to the tournaments, but these two events are now discontinued.

text: The WDF World Cup for national teams and a singles tournament has been played biennially since 1977. The WDF also organise the Europe Cup.The PDC has their own world cup competition, the PDC World Cup of Darts.

text: Professional darts players[edit]

text: World Champions[edit]

text:
Year
Winner WPD / BDO
Winner PDC
Women's winner BDO
Women's winner PDC

1978
 Leighton Rees (1)
Not held
Not held
Not held

1979
 John Lowe (1)

1980
 Eric Bristow (1)

1981
 Eric Bristow (2)

1982
 Jocky Wilson (1)

1983
 Keith Deller (1)

1984
 Eric Bristow (3)

1985
 Eric Bristow (4)

1986
 Eric Bristow (5)

1987
 John Lowe (2)

1988
 Bob Anderson (1)

1989
 Jocky Wilson (2)

1990
 Phil Taylor (1)

1991
 Dennis Priestley (1)

1992
 Phil Taylor (2)

1993
 John Lowe (3)

1994
 John Part (1)
 Dennis Priestley (2)

1995
 Richie Burnett (1)
 Phil Taylor (3)

1996
 Steve Beaton (1)
 Phil Taylor (4)

1997
 Les Wallace (1)
 Phil Taylor (5)

1998
 Raymond van Barneveld (1)
 Phil Taylor (6)

1999
 Raymond van Barneveld (2)
 Phil Taylor (7)

2000
 Ted Hankey (1)
 Phil Taylor (8)

2001
 John Walton (1)
 Phil Taylor (9)
 Trina Gulliver (1)

2002
 Tony David (1)
 Phil Taylor (10)
 Trina Gulliver (2)

2003
 Raymond van Barneveld (3)
 John Part (2)
 Trina Gulliver (3)

2004
 Andy Fordham (1)
 Phil Taylor (11)
 Trina Gulliver (4)

2005
 Raymond van Barneveld (4)
 Phil Taylor (12)
 Trina Gulliver (5)

2006
 Jelle Klaasen (1)
 Phil Taylor (13)
 Trina Gulliver (6)

2007
 Martin Adams (1)
 Raymond van Barneveld (5)
 Trina Gulliver (7)

2008
 Mark Webster (1)
 John Part (3)
 Anastasia Dobromyslova (1)

2009
 Ted Hankey (2)
 Phil Taylor (14)
 Francis Hoenselaar (1)

2010
 Martin Adams (2)
 Phil Taylor (15)
 Trina Gulliver (8)
 Stacy Bromberg (1)

2011
 Martin Adams (3)
 Adrian Lewis (1)
 Trina Gulliver (9)
Not held

2012
 Christian Kist (1)
 Adrian Lewis (2)
 Anastasia Dobromyslova (2)

2013
 Scott Waites (1)
 Phil Taylor (16)
 Anastasia Dobromyslova (3)

2014
 Stephen Bunting (1)
 Michael van Gerwen (1)
 Lisa Ashton (1)

2015
 Scott Mitchell (1)
 Gary Anderson (1)
 Lisa Ashton (2)

2016
 Scott Waites (2)
 Gary Anderson (2)
 Trina Gulliver (10)

2017
 Glen Durrant (1)
 Michael van Gerwen (2)
 Lisa Ashton (3)

2018
 Glen Durrant (2)
 Rob Cross (1)
 Lisa Ashton (4)

text: Multiple-Time World Champions

text: One-Time World Champions

text: World rankings[edit]

text: Both the WDF, BDO and PDC each maintain their own rankings lists. These lists are commonly used to determine seedings for various tournaments. The WDF rankings are based on the preceding 12 months performances, the BDO resets all ranking points to zero after the seedings for their world championship have been determined, and the PDC Order of Merit is based on prize money earned over a two-year period.

text: Television[edit]

text: Darts first appeared on British television in 1962 when Westward Television broadcast the Westward TV Invitational to the south-west of England. 1972 was a big year for darts when ITV started broadcasting the News of the World Championship. Also in 1972 was the start of The Indoor League, which featured a darts tournament, although it was only shown in the Yorkshire Television region in 1972. The Indoor League was shown across Britain on the ITV network from 1973 onwards. Over the next decade darts coverage expanded with many major tournaments appearing on both ITV and BBC through the 1970s and early 1980s to such as extent about 14 tournaments were covered. In 1978, the World Championships started and were covered by the BBC, the BBC innovated with the split screen showing the throwing of the dart and where it hit the board. However the cancellation of ITV's World of Sport show in 1985 meant they had to cut back on darts coverage but despite this they still showed the MFI World Matchplay and the World Masters until 1988. The BBC also cut back on their coverage after 1988 to such an extent that only one major event was still broadcast on either channel by 1989, the World Championship and this contributed in the split in darts.

text: With the creation of the WDC/PDC in 1992/93, darts gradually returned to television with Sky Television covering the new organization's World Championship and World Matchplay events from 1994. Sky's coverage continued to increase throughout the 1990s, with more new events added. The PDC's World Championship, Premier League, UK Open, Grand Slam of Darts, World Matchplay and the World Grand Prix are all televised live on Sky. The BDO held on to the contract with the BBC to continue with the BDO World Championship and this was the only tournament shown on free to air television in the UK between 1994 and 2001 apart from the showdown between PDC Champion Phil Taylor and BDO Champion Raymond van Barneveld in 1999 which was shown on ITV, BBC finally began to expand their darts coverage in 2001 when they added the World Masters to their portfolio. However, it wasn't until 2005 that viewers were able to see every dart thrown live at the World Championship. This was the year that BBC introduced interactive coverage on its BBCi service. BBC continued to cover the BDO tournament exclusively until 2012–2013 when ESPN UK started covering the evening sessions while BBC had afternoon session, after the acquisition of ESPN UK by BT Sport, BT dropped the Darts in 2014 but started covering the evening sessions again in 2015. Setanta Sports also televised some BDO events in 2008–2009 and the inaugural League of Legends. Eurosport covered the BDO Finland Open, the BDO British Internationals, the BDO England Open and the BDO British Open in 2006–2007 but dropped coverage of these tournaments however they then returned to Darts in 2013 covering the Winmau World Masters, they have since expanded their coverage to cover the new BDO major the World Trophy from Blackpool and existing tournaments in the BDO such as the 6 Nations, England Open, Scottish Open and Northern Ireland Open.

text: ITV returned to darts coverage in November 2007, showing the inaugural Grand Slam of Darts — its first major darts tournament coverage in almost twenty years. They continued covering this until 2010 when Sky Sports took over the rights, ITV also showed the European Championship in 2008 and Players Championship since its inception. ITV then increased its coverage in 2013 by signing a deal to cover 4 PDC tournaments per year, the Players Championship, European Championship, UK Open and new tournament the Masters and it was increased to 5 tournaments in 2015 to cover the World Series Finals.

text: Darts has continued to grow again on television and there now several major tournaments broadcast in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world. Dutch station, Sport One, DSF in Germany and several other TV stations across the globe also broadcast the PDC events. In Europe, Eurosport broadcast the Lakeside World Championships, having signed a three-year contract in 2006.

text: In the Netherlands, SBS6 has broadcast the Lakeside (since 1998) and the Dutch Open. They also shown the International Darts League and World Darts Trophy, however they are now defunct. RTL 5 broadcast the Dutch Grand Masters in 2005. Some of these tournaments can also be watched on the internet for free using a live stream, depending on contractual restrictions.[34][35][36][37][38]

text: The PDC has also tried to break into the television market in the United States by introducing the World Series of Darts in 2006. It had a $1 million prize to showcase professional darts in the United States. Unfortunately the programme was not a ratings success and was taken from its peak time broadcast slot on ESPN after just a few weeks. The tournament was replaced with a US Open event in 2007 which was screened in the UK on digital television channel Challenge TV, with Nuts TV showing the 2008 tournament.

text: Betting[edit]

text: In places where alcoholic beverages are consumed, English law has long permitted betting only on games of skill, as opposed to games of chance, and then only for small stakes. An apocryphal tale relates that in 1908, Jim Garside, the landlord of the Adelphi Inn, Leeds, England was called before the local magistrates to answer the charge that he had allowed betting on a game of chance, darts, on his premises. Garside asked for the assistance of local champion William "Bigfoot" Annakin who attended as a witness and demonstrated that he could hit any number on the board nominated by the court. Garside was discharged as the magistrates found darts, indeed, to be a game of skill.[39][40][41] More recently, in keeping with darts' strong association with pubs and drinking, matches between friends or pub teams are often played for pints of beer.

text: In the professional game, betting is prominent with many of the big bookmaking companies sponsoring events (particularly within the PDC). William Hill, Unibet, BetVictor, Coral and bwin are all title sponsors of major PDC events.

text: In the past when Fox Sports broadcast tournaments in the United States, the logos for betting houses such as Ladbrokes were pixelated out and digitally obscured, along with any audible references to them, because of American laws and policies against online gambling; however other US broadcasters usually carry overseas darts tournaments without any edits other than for timing and narrative purposes, and Americans usually cannot visit the sites for betting houses outside of redirection pages.


document_title: Climate of Florida

question_text: during what months would you expect most wildfires to occur in florida

root

text: Climate of Florida

text: Pressure[edit]

text: The low pressure measured from an extratropical cyclone was 28.84 inches/976.7 hPa during the Storm of the Century (1993).[2] From a tropical cyclone, the lowest pressure measured was 26.35 inches/892 hPa in the Florida Keys during the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935.[3] The highest known pressure measured statewide was 30.74 inches/1041.1 hPa in Tallahassee on February 5, 1996 and January 4, 1979.[2]

tag: p

text: Wind[edit]

text: Over the winter prevailing winds are out of the north across the panhandle south to near Orlando, but are variable in the rest of the state. The summer season sees generally east and southeast winds across the peninsula. During the summer months, the average wind pattern implies a surface ridge axis which normally lies across central Florida, with easterly winds from Tampa southward and southwest winds across northern Florida. The peak wind gust during the 1930 through 1997 period was 115 mph (100 knots) at Miami International Airport during Hurricane Andrew.[4]

text: African dust outbreaks[edit]

text: In July the trade winds south of the northward-moving subtropical ridge expand northwestward into Florida. On occasion, dust from the Sahara moving around the southern periphery of the ridge moves into the state, suppressing rainfall and changing the sky from a blue to a white appearance and leads to an increase in red sunsets. Its presence negatively impacts air quality across the Southeastern United States during the summer, by adding to the count of airborne particulates. This is in sharp contrast to the normally clean air over Florida and the southeastern USA, which on average is the cleanest air in the USA.[5] Over 50% of the African dust that reaches the United States affects Florida.[6] Since 1970, dust outbreaks have worsened due to periods of drought in Africa. There is a large variability in the dust transport to the Caribbean and Florida from year to year.[7] Dust events are possibly linked to a decline in the health of coral reefs across the Caribbean and Florida, primarily since the 1970s.[8]

text: Winter[edit]

text: On average, Florida has the mildest winters in the Continental United States. Average lows range from 65 °F (18 °C) in Key West to near 41 °F (5 °C) degrees Fahrenheit at Tallahassee, while daytime highs range from 64 °F (18 °C) at Tallahassee to 77 °F (25 °C) at Miami.[9][10] Predominant tropical easterly winds across central and southern Florida keep temperatures warm during the winter. Occasional strong cold fronts move southward down the peninsula with freezing or near freezing temperatures on a few nights into inland areas of central Florida every few years. A few times each decade Miami might see a winter night fall below 45 F. El Niño winters tend to be cooler due to increased cloud cover, but tend to have fewer freezes.[11]

text: Four hardiness zones exist. USDA zone 11b is found in Key West and the Florida Keys where average extreme lows range from 40 to 50 °F (4 to 10 °C). Zone 10 is found in coastal South Florida where annual extreme low temperatures range from 30 to 40 °F (−1 to 4 °C), though parts of coastal Miami Beach are zone 11. Next is zone 9b across interior central Florida, where low temperatures range from 25 to 30 °F (−4 to −1 °C). The coolest, zone 8, is located in northernwestern Florida from roughly Gainesville and northwest including Tallahassee. Low temperatures range from 10 to 20 °F (−12 to −7 °C).[12]

text: Florida has experienced 12 major freezes. This includes four "impact" freezes, sufficiently severe to kill entire groves of citrus trees, resulting in a noticeable economic effect on citrus growers, prompting them to t groves further south in the state. These impact freezes are indicated by asterisks in the following: Great Freeze of 1894-5*, February 13–14, 1899, February 2–6, 1917, December 12–13, 1934, January 1940, December 12–13, 1957, December 12–13, 1962*, January 18–20, 1977, January 12–14, 1981, December 24–25, 1983*, January 20–22, 1985, and December 22–26, 1989*.[13]

text: Summer[edit]

text: During the summer, minima range from near 70 °F (21 °C) in northern Florida to near 80 °F (27 °C) in the Keys. High temperatures during the summer average in the lower 90s Fahrenheit statewide.[14] Relief from the heat during the summer comes in the form of afternoon and evening thunderstorm activity, late morning and afternoon sea breezes off the relatively cooler ocean, and during the passage of a tropical cyclone. The passage of a cold front through the state is rare during the warm season. The record high temperature for the state is

text: Fog[edit]

text: Like the remainder of the Southeastern United States, Florida has a winter maximum in dense fog conditions. Unlike the remainder of the region, the maximum in Florida contains roughly half of the annual occurrences per year, on average. Its summer minimum is less than the remainder of the Southeast. The annual number of heavy fog days (with visibility of .25 miles (0.40 km) or less) has ranged from 50 in Tallahassee, to 1 in Key West, the least foggy region in the state. The two types of fog that are most common in Florida are advection and radiational. Fog can be hazardous to early morning commuters. On January 9, 2008, when fog on Interstate 4 combined with smoke from a nearby fire, visibility was reduced to nearly zero. As a result, five individuals died in a 70-car pileup.[15][16]

text: Precipitation[edit]

text: Averages[edit]

text: Statewide, the highest rainfall amounts occur during the summer months. In northern Florida, there is a weak winter secondary maximum while statewide the driest months of the year are during the spring.[14] During El Niño, Florida sees greater rainfall between November and March.[11] Due to the lack of the secondary maximum across the peninsula, a distinct dry season is seen in the averages from winter through spring. This dry season provokes brush fires annually as temperatures rise during the late spring, before they fade during early June as the rainy season gets underway.

text: Extremes[edit]

text: The heaviest rainfall to occur in 24 hours was measured in Yankeetown during Hurricane Easy (1950), 38.70 inches (98.3 cm). This is also the highest known point storm total maximum related to any tropical cyclone which has impacted Florida,[17] and by itself would be the highest known rainfall total for any month from any location within Florida. This rainfall amount remained the national 24-hour rainfall record until Tropical Storm Claudette (1979).[18] Heavy rainfall events have fallen due to stalled fronts near the state as well, and occur during the March through May and October through November timeframe.

text: The wettest month recorded at a Florida climate station was during May 1891 when Gainesville, Florida received 30.90 inches (78.5 cm).[19] The wettest year on record for a Florida climate station was during 1879 when 127.24 inches (323.2 cm) fell at Pensacola, Florida.[20] The driest year for a climate station statewide was during 1974 when only 19.99 inches (50.8 cm) fell at Key West.[21]

text: One of the worst years for wildfires was in 1998, at the end of an El Nino cycle. 480 wildfires consumed 500,000 acres (2,000 km2) statewide.[22] In 2010, the National Weather Service issued more fire alerts in Florida than anywhere else in the nation.[23]

text: A statewide drought began in November 2005, one month after Hurricane Wilma's passage through the state, and persisted until 2009.[24] The previous significant drought occurred in 2000, which was the state's driest year on record.[25]

text: Snowfall[edit]

text: Snowfall is rare in Florida. The earliest recorded occurrence of snow or sleet occurred in 1774 in the far northern portion of the state.[26] The latest occurrence of snow or sleet in the spring fell on January 7, 8, and 9, 2010, as a cold front brought scattered snow flurries in the northern and central portions of the state.[27]

text: The state record for snowfall is 5 inches (13 cm), set in northern Florida during January 1800, though some debate exists about the accuracy.[28] The earliest in the season that frozen precipitation has fallen was during the Late November 2006 Nor'easter on November 21 across central Florida.[29] The latest in the season that snow or sleet has fallen was on April 8, 2007. Snow flurries has been recorded in the air as far south as Homestead, during a January 19, 1977 event.[30]

text: Thunderstorms[edit]

text: Florida reports more thunderstorms than any other US state. Some places report in excess of 90 thunderstorm days per year, making Florida one of the most thundery regions outside of the tropics. Florida receives the highest density of lightning strikes within the United States. Several deaths per year are blamed on lightning, making lightning one of the deadliest weather-related phenomenon in the state. However, since 1992, the number of lightning deaths has been slowly dropping despite a rising population, suggesting that lightning awareness programs are effective. The most likely targets of lightning strikes are construction workers and others who work outside, though 12 percent of the cases occurred indoors to people using electronic devices. Severe thunderstorms can sometimes produce hail, very strong straight line winds and tornadoes. Very heavy rainfall from thunderstorms can result in flash flooding. Thunderstorms occur most often during the summer but can occur at any time of the year.[31]

text: Tornadoes[edit]

text: There are more tornadoes per square mile in Florida than any other state.[32][33] However, these tornadoes tend to be much weaker and short-lived than in other states like the Midwest or Great Plains. Strong tornadoes do occasionally form in Florida, usually in conjunctions with a cold frontal passage in the winter or spring. A total of 42 people died in February 1998 from the deadliest such tornado outbreak in Central Florida, which occurred during the nighttime hours.[34]

text: While tornadoes in the Midwest are more severe, a higher rate of deaths are experienced in Florida, and Brevard County, specifically, due to higher population density and quantity of manufactured homes.[35]

text: Tropical cyclones[edit]

text: The earliest in the year a tropical cyclone has struck the sunshine state was the Groundhog Day Tropical Storm in 1952. The latest impact was from a hurricane which struck near Tampa on December 1, 1925. The strongest hurricane to strike Florida was the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935. Hurricane Easy in 1950 produced the wettest known point total from any tropical cyclone.[17] The record number of hurricane strikes on the state in one season is four in 2004.[36] Hurricanes typically spawn tornadoes within their northeast quadrant.[37]

text: Tropical cyclones have affected Florida in every month of the year but March. Nearly one-third of the cyclones affected the state in September, and nearly three-fourths of the storms affected the state between August and October, which coincides with the peak of the hurricane season. Portions of the coastline have the lowest return period, or the frequency at which a certain intensity or category of hurricane can be expected within 86 mi (139 km) of a given location, in the country. Monroe County was struck by 26 hurricanes since 1926, which is the greatest total for any county in the United States.[38]

text: Effect of climate cycles[edit]

text: El Niño has the following effects on Florida climate: above average rainfall in the spring.[22] This is followed by wildfire threat when rain dries up. Northern Florida is more susceptible to severe weather; below normal temperatures, increased number of low pressure systems in the Gulf of Mexico during the winter, and "almost always" reduces the frequency of storms and hurricanes.[39]

text: La Niña has the following effects: often dry conditions prevail in late fall, winter and early spring, increased risk of wildfires in spring and summer months, the temperatures average slightly above normal, and the chance of hurricane activity increases substantially.[39]

text: Long term forecasts are made based on these effects. However, they are easily overridden, in winter, by the Arctic oscillation and North Atlantic oscillations, which can only be predicted about two weeks in advance.[40] These can drop the temperature noticeably from seasonal norms.

text: Climates of selected Florida cities[edit]

text: The climate regime for much of the state is humid subtropical (Köppen Cfa), though portions of the Gold Coast of southeast Florida, as well as all of the Florida Keys, qualify as tropical wet-and-dry (Köppen Aw).

text: A narrow eastern part of the state including Orlando and Jacksonville receives between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually. The rest of the state, including Miami, receives between 2,800 and 3,200 hours annually.[41]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Pensacola, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
61.2
(16.2)
64.4
(18)
70.2
(21.2)
76.2
(24.6)
83.4
(28.6)
89.0
(31.7)
90.7
(32.6)
90.1
(32.3)
87.0
(30.6)
79.3
(26.3)
70.3
(21.3)
63.4
(17.4)
77.1
(25.1)

Average low °F (°C)
42.7
(5.9)
45.4
(7.4)
51.7
(10.9)
57.6
(14.2)
65.8
(18.8)
72.1
(22.3)
74.5
(23.6)
74.2
(23.4)
70.4
(21.3)
59.6
(15.3)
51.1
(10.6)
44.7
(7.1)
59.2
(15.1)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
5.34
(135.6)
4.68
(118.9)
6.40
(162.6)
3.89
(98.8)
4.40
(111.8)
6.39
(162.3)
8.02
(203.7)
6.85
(174)
5.75
(146)
4.13
(104.9)
4.46
(113.3)
3.97
(100.8)
64.28
(1,632.7)

Source: NOAA
[42]

tag: table

text:
[hide]Climate data for Tallahassee, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
63.9
(17.7)
66.9
(19.4)
73.3
(22.9)
80.0
(26.7)
86.6
(30.3)
90.6
(32.6)
91.5
(33.1)
91.1
(32.8)
88.2
(31.2)
81.0
(27.2)
72.3
(22.4)
65.5
(18.6)
79.2
(26.2)

Average low °F (°C)
39.8
(4.3)
41.8
(5.4)
47.4
(8.6)
53.2
(11.8)
61.9
(16.6)
69.2
(20.7)
71.7
(22.1)
71.8
(22.1)
68.5
(20.3)
57.1
(13.9)
46.8
(8.2)
41.2
(5.1)
55.9
(13.3)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
4.37
(111)
4.86
(123.4)
5.72
(145.3)
3.74
(95)
4.27
(108.5)
7.11
(180.6)
8.27
(210.1)
7.33
(186.2)
5.43
(137.9)
3.17
(80.5)
3.34
(84.8)
4.18
(106.2)
61.79
(1,569.5)

Source: Florida Climate Center
[43]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Jacksonville, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
65.1
(18.4)
67.8
(19.9)
73.6
(23.1)
79.7
(26.5)
85.8
(29.9)
89.8
(32.1)
91.9
(33.3)
90.8
(32.7)
87.1
(30.6)
80.3
(26.8)
73.0
(22.8)
66.5
(19.2)
79.3
(26.3)

Average low °F (°C)
42.5
(5.8)
44.9
(7.2)
50.2
(10.1)
55.9
(13.3)
63.7
(17.6)
70.2
(21.2)
72.8
(22.7)
72.7
(22.6)
70.1
(21.2)
60.8
(16)
50.7
(10.4)
44.0
(6.7)
58.2
(14.6)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
3.03
(77)
3.42
(86.9)
3.72
(94.5)
2.82
(71.6)
3.40
(86.4)
5.99
(152.1)
6.57
(166.9)
7.23
(183.6)
7.83
(198.9)
3.92
(99.6)
1.90
(48.3)
2.61
(66.3)
62.44
(1,586)

Source: Florida Climate Center
[44]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Orlando, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
71.8
(22.1)
73.9
(23.3)
78.8
(26)
83.0
(28.3)
88.2
(31.2)
91.0
(32.8)
92.2
(33.4)
92.0
(33.3)
90.3
(32.4)
85.0
(29.4)
78.9
(26.1)
73.3
(22.9)
83.2
(28.4)

Average low °F (°C)
49.9
(9.9)
51.3
(10.7)
55.9
(13.3)
59.9
(15.5)
65.9
(18.8)
71.3
(21.8)
72.6
(22.6)
73.0
(22.8)
71.9
(22.2)
65.5
(18.6)
58.7
(14.8)
52.6
(11.4)
62.4
(16.9)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
2.43
(61.7)
2.35
(59.7)
3.54
(89.9)
2.42
(61.5)
3.74
(95)
7.35
(186.7)
7.15
(181.6)
6.25
(158.8)
5.76
(146.3)
2.73
(69.3)
2.32
(58.9)
2.31
(58.7)
48.35
(1,228.1)

Source: Florida Climate Center
[45]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Tampa, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
70.1
(21.2)
71.6
(22)
76.3
(24.6)
80.6
(27)
86.3
(30.2)
88.9
(31.6)
89.7
(32.1)
90.0
(32.2)
89.0
(31.7)
84.1
(28.9)
78.0
(25.6)
72.0
(22.2)
81.4
(27.4)

Average low °F (°C)
52.4
(11.3)
53.8
(12.1)
58.5
(14.7)
62.4
(16.9)
68.9
(20.5)
74.0
(23.3)
75.3
(24.1)
75.4
(24.1)
74.3
(23.5)
67.6
(19.8)
60.7
(15.9)
54.7
(12.6)
64.8
(18.2)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
2.27
(57.7)
2.67
(67.8)
2.84
(72.1)
1.80
(45.7)
2.85
(72.4)
5.50
(139.7)
6.49
(164.8)
7.60
(193)
6.54
(166.1)
2.29
(58.2)
1.62
(41.1)
2.30
(58.4)
44.77
(1,137.2)

Source: Florida Climate Center
[46]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Miami, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
75.7
(24.3)
77.0
(25)
79.7
(26.5)
82.7
(28.2)
85.9
(29.9)
88.3
(31.3)
89.6
(32)
89.9
(32.2)
88.4
(31.3)
85.1
(29.5)
80.6
(27)
76.9
(24.9)
83.3
(28.5)

Average low °F (°C)
59.6
(15.3)
60.9
(16.1)
64.3
(17.9)
68.1
(20.1)
72.2
(22.3)
75.1
(23.9)
76.5
(24.7)
76.8
(24.9)
75.9
(24.4)
72.4
(22.4)
67.7
(19.8)
61.8
(16.6)
69.2
(20.7)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
1.80
(45.7)
2.12
(53.8)
2.49
(63.2)
3.20
(81.3)
5.91
(150.1)
9.33
(237)
6.24
(158.5)
7.97
(202.4)
9.11
(231.4)
6.95
(176.5)
2.92
(74.2)
1.95
(49.5)
59.97
(1,523.2)

Source: Florida Climate Center
[47]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Key West, Florida

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Average high °F (°C)
74.7
(23.7)
75.7
(24.3)
78.7
(25.9)
81.7
(27.6)
85.2
(29.6)
88.0
(31.1)
89.4
(31.9)
89.6
(32)
88.2
(31.2)
84.7
(29.3)
80.0
(26.7)
76.1
(24.5)
82.7
(28.2)

Average low °F (°C)
64.7
(18.2)
65.6
(18.7)
68.7
(20.4)
72.0
(22.2)
75.7
(24.3)
78.4
(25.8)
79.6
(26.4)
79.4
(26.3)
78.4
(25.8)
75.7
(24.3)
71.2
(21.8)
66.6
(19.2)
73.0
(22.8)

Average rainfall inches (mm)
1.96
(49.8)
1.60
(40.6)
1.66
(42.2)
1.82
(46.2)
3.07
(78)
4.61
(117.1)
3.69
(93.7)
5.30
(134.6)
6.55
(166.4)
5.02
(127.5)
2.49
(63.2)
2.04
(51.8)
39.83
(1,011.7)

Source: Florida Climate Center
[48]


document_title: FIFA World Cup awards

question_text: in the fifa worldcup the golden glove award is awarded each season to whom

text: FIFA World Cup awards

text: Awards[edit]

text: There are currently five post-tournament awards, and one given during the tournament:[1]

text:
the Golden Ball (currently commercially termed "adidas Golden Ball") for best player, first awarded in 1982;
the Golden Boot (currently commercially termed "adidas Golden Boot", previously known as the "adidas Golden Shoe" from 1982 to 2006) for top goal scorer, first awarded in 1982;
the Golden Glove Award (currently commercially termed "adidas Golden Glove"; previously known as the "Lev Yashin Award" from 1994 to 2006) for best goalkeeper, first awarded in 1994;
the Best Young Player (currently commercially termed as "Hyundai Best Young Player") award for best player under 21 years of age at the start of the calendar year, first awarded in 2006;
the FIFA Fair Play Trophy for the team that advanced to the second round with the best record of fair play, first awarded in 1970;
the Man of the Match Award (currently commercially termed as "Budweiser Man of the Match") for outstanding performance during each game of the tournament, first awarded in 2002.

tag: ul

text: Two other awards were given between 1994 and 2006:[2]

text:
The Most Entertaining Team award for the team that has entertained the public the most, during the World Cup final tournament, as determined by a poll of the general public;
An All-Star Team comprising the best players of the tournament chosen  by the technical study group.

text: Golden Ball[edit]

text: The Golden Ball award is presented to the best player at each FIFA World Cup finals, with a shortlist drawn up by the FIFA technical committee and the winner voted for by representatives of the media. Those who finish as runners-up in the vote receive the Silver Ball and Bronze Ball awards as the second and third most outstanding players in the tournament respectively. The current award was introduced in the 1982 FIFA World Cup, sponsored by Adidas and France Football, though fifa.com also lists in their player articles as "golden ball winners" Kempes, Cruyff, Pelé, Bobby Charlton, Garrincha and Didi for 1978, 1974, 1970, 1966, 1962 and 1958 respectively.[3] Barcelona is the only club whose players have won the Golden Ball a record 3 times (Johan Cruyff in 1974, Romário in 1994, Lionel Messi in 2014).[4]

text:
Golden Ball[5]

World Cup

Golden Ball

Silver Ball

Bronze Ball

1930 Uruguay

 José Nasazzi

 Guillermo Stábile

 José Leandro Andrade

1934 Italy

 Giuseppe Meazza

 Matthias Sindelar

 Oldřich Nejedlý

1938 France

 Leônidas

 Silvio Piola

 György Sárosi

1950 Brazil

 Zizinho

 Juan Alberto Schiaffino

 Ademir

1954 Switzerland

 Ferenc Puskás

 Sándor Kocsis

 Fritz Walter

1958 Sweden

 Didi

 Pelé

 Just Fontaine

1962 Chile

 Garrincha

 Josef Masopust

 Leonel Sánchez

1966 England

 Bobby Charlton

 Bobby Moore

 Eusébio

1970 Mexico

 Pelé

 Gérson

 Gerd Müller

1974 West Germany

 Johan Cruyff

 Franz Beckenbauer

 Kazimierz Deyna

1978 Argentina

 Mario Kempes

 Paolo Rossi

 Dirceu

1982 Spain

 Paolo Rossi

 Falcão

 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

1986 Mexico

 Diego Maradona

 Harald Schumacher

 Preben Elkjær Larsen

1990 Italy

 Salvatore Schillaci

 Lothar Matthäus

 Diego Maradona

1994 United States

 Romario

 Roberto Baggio

 Hristo Stoichkov

1998 France

 Ronaldo

 Davor Šuker

 Lilian Thuram

2002 Korea/Japan

 Oliver Kahn

 Ronaldo

 Hong Myung-bo

2006 Germany

 Zinedine Zidane

 Fabio Cannavaro

 Andrea Pirlo

2010 South Africa

 Diego Forlán

 Wesley Sneijder

 David Villa

2014 Brazil

 Lionel Messi

 Thomas Müller

 Arjen Robben

2018 Russia

 Luka Modrić

 Eden Hazard

 Antoine Griezmann

text: Golden Boot[edit]

text: The Golden Boot or Golden Shoe Award goes to the top goalscorer of the FIFA World Cup. While every World Cup had a ranking of the goalscorers, the first time an award was given was in 1982,[6] under the name Golden Shoe.[3] It was rechristened Golden Boot in 2010.[7] FIFA sometimes lists the top goalscorers of previous Cups among the Golden Boot winners.[8]

text: If there is more than one player with the same number of goals, since 1994 the tie-breaker goes to the player without a penalty goal, if none has a penalty then the tie breaker goes to the person with more assists - with the FIFA Technical Study Group deciding whether an assist is to be counted as such.[9][10] If there is still more than one player, the tie-breaker since 2006 goes to the player who has played the least amount of time, which translates to a higher goal average.[11]

text:
Top Goalscorer[12][13]

World Cup

Top goalscorer

Goals

Runners-up

Goals

Third place

Goals

1930 Uruguay

 Guillermo Stábile

8

 Pedro Cea

5

 Bert Patenaude

4

1934 Italy

 Oldřich Nejedlý

5[a]

 Edmund Conen Angelo Schiavio

4

None

—

1938 France

 Leônidas

7[b]

 György Sárosi Gyula Zsengellér Silvio Piola

5

1950 Brazil

 Ademir

8[c]

 Óscar Míguez

 Alcides Ghiggia Chico Estanislau Basora Telmo Zarra

4

1954 Switzerland

 Sándor Kocsis

11

 Josef Hügi Max Morlock Erich Probst

6

None

—

1958 Sweden

 Just Fontaine

13

 Pelé Helmut Rahn

1962 Chile

 Flórián Albert Valentin Ivanov Garrincha Vavá Dražan Jerković Leonel Sánchez

4

None

—

1966 England

 Eusébio

9

 Helmut Haller

6

 Valeriy Porkujan Geoff Hurst Ferenc Bene Franz Beckenbauer

4

1970 Mexico

 Gerd Müller

10

 Jairzinho

7

 Teófilo Cubillas

5

1974 West Germany

 Grzegorz Lato

7

 Andrzej Szarmach Johan Neeskens

5

None

1978 Argentina[17]

 Mario Kempes

6

 Teófilo Cubillas

 Rob Rensenbrink

5

Golden Shoe[8]

World Cup

Golden Shoe

Goals

Silver Shoe

Goals

Bronze Shoe

Goals

1982 Spain

 Paolo Rossi

6

 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

5

 Zico

4

1986 Mexico

 Gary Lineker

 Emilio Butragueño Careca Diego Maradona

None[18]

1990 Italy

 Salvatore Schillaci

 Tomáš Skuhravý

 Roger Milla  Gary Lineker

4

1994 United States

 Oleg Salenko[d] Hristo Stoichkov[e]

None

—

 Kennet Andersson Romário

5[f]

1998 France[20]

 Davor Šuker

 Gabriel Batistuta Christian Vieri

5

None[g]

2002 South Korea/Japan[21]

 Ronaldo

8[h]

 Miroslav Klose Rivaldo

2006 Germany[23]

 Miroslav Klose

5

 Hernán Crespo

3[i]

 Ronaldo

3[i]

Golden Boot[8]

World Cup

Golden Boot

Goals

Silver Boot

Goals

Bronze Boot

Goals

2010 South Africa

 Thomas Müller

5[j]

 David Villa

5[j]

 Wesley Sneijder

5[j]

2014 Brazil

 James Rodríguez

6

 Thomas Müller

5

 Neymar

4[k]

2018 Russia

 Harry Kane

 Antoine Griezmann

4[l]

 Romelu Lukaku

4[l]

Notes

Jump up ^ FIFA initially credited Nejedlý with only four goals, which would make him joint top scorer with Angelo Schiavio of Italy and Edmund Conen of Germany. However, FIFA changed it to five goals in November 2006, making Nejedlý the outright top scorer.[14]

Jump up ^ FIFA initially credited Leônidas with eight goals. However, in November 2006, FIFA confirmed that in the quarter-final tie against Czechoslovakia, he had scored once, not twice as FIFA had originally recorded, meaning he had scored only seven goals in total.[14]

Jump up ^ There was controversy regarding the number of goals Brazilian Ademir had scored in 1950, as a result of incomplete data concerning the Final Round game Brazil vs. Spain (6–1). The 5–0 goal had been credited to Jair, but is now credited to Ademir.[15][16]

Jump up ^ Salenko is the only player to win the award playing for a team that were eliminated in the group stages. His six goals are the only international goals he ever scored.

Jump up ^ Despite the assist tiebreaker, Salenko and Stoichkov remained tied with 6 goals and one assist each, and both received the Golden Shoe.[9]

Jump up ^ Romário and Andersson surpassed the other two players with five goals (Jürgen Klinsmann and Roberto Baggio) by having three assists each.[9][19]

Jump up ^ Both runners-up had the same number of assists, and each received the Silver Shoe.

Jump up ^ During the tournament, after the group stage match against Costa Rica, Ronaldo logged a protest against the crediting of a goal as an own goal, and FIFA granted him the change.[22]

^ Jump up to: a b Eight players had scored three goals. Ronaldo, Crespo and Zinedine Zidane stood out for having one assist, and then the two recipients were determined by less playtime (308 minutes for Crespo, 411 for Ronaldo, 559 for Zidane).[24]

^ Jump up to: a b c Müller, Villa, Sneijder and Diego Forlán tied with five goals. Müller won by virtue of having more assists (3) than the rest (each had one). Villa won the Silver Boot due to playing fewer minutes than Sneijder, and Sneijder won the Bronze Boot due to having played fewer minutes than Forlán.[25]

Jump up ^ Neymar, Lionel Messi and Robin van Persie all had four goals in the tournament. Neymar received the Bronze Boot for playing fewer minutes than his competitors (480; Messi played 693 minutes, and Van Persie, 548).[26]

^ Jump up to: a b Griezmann, Lukaku, Denis Cheryshev, Cristiano Ronaldo and Kylian Mbappé tied with 4 goals. Griezmann won the Silver Boot by virtue of having more assists (2) than the rest (Lukaku had one, the rest had zero). Lukaku won the Bronze Boot due to having more assists (one) than Cheryshev, Ronaldo or Mbappé (zero).[27]

text: Golden Glove[edit]

text: The Golden Glove Award is awarded to the best goalkeeper of the tournament. The award was introduced with the name Lev Yashin Award in 1994, in honor of the late Soviet goalkeeper.[6] The FIFA Technical Study Group recognises the top goalkeeper of the tournament based on the player's performance throughout the final competition. Although goalkeepers have this specific award for their position, they are still eligible for the Golden Ball as well, as when Oliver Kahn was awarded in 2002. In the event of a tie, the Golden Glove Award goes to the goalkeeper who progressed furthest in the competition. The next tiebreakers are saves made, then minutes played.

text:
World Cup

Golden Glove

1994 United States

 Michel Preud'homme

1998 France

 Fabien Barthez

2002 Korea/Japan

 Oliver Kahn

2006 Germany

 Gianluigi Buffon

2010 South Africa

 Iker Casillas

2014 Brazil

 Manuel Neuer

2018 Russia

 Thibaut Courtois

text: Although the Golden Glove Award was first awarded in 1994, every All-Star Team in World Cups prior to 1998 except 1990 included only one goalkeeper.

text:
World Cup

All-Star Goalkeeper

1930 Uruguay

 Enrique Ballestrero

1934 Italy

 Ricardo Zamora

1938 France

 František Plánička

1950 Brazil

 Roque Máspoli

1954 Switzerland

 Gyula Grosics

1958 Sweden

 Harry Gregg

1962 Chile

 Viliam Schrojf

1966 England

 Gordon Banks

1970 Mexico

 Ladislao Mazurkiewicz

1974 West Germany

 Sepp Maier

1978 Argentina

 Ubaldo Fillol

1982 Spain

 Dino Zoff

1986 Mexico

 Jean-Marie Pfaff

1990 Italy

 Luis Gabelo Conejo Sergio Goycochea

text: Best Young Player Award[edit]

text: The Best Young Player award was awarded for the first time at the 2006 World Cup in Germany and given to Germany's Lukas Podolski.[28] The award is given to the best player in the tournament who is at most 21 years old.  For the 2018 World Cup, this meant that the player had to have been born on or after 1 January 1997. The election took place on FIFA's official World Cup website with the help of The FIFA Technical Study Group.[29]

text: FIFA organised a survey on the Internet for users to choose the "best young player" of the World Cup, between 1958 and 2002, named the best young player of each tournament.[30] With 61% of the overall vote, the winner was Pelé, who finished ahead of the Peruvian Teófilo Cubillas, the best young player at Mexico 1970, and England's Michael Owen, who reached similar heights at France 98.[31]

text:
YPA[32]

World Cup

Best Young Player

Age

1958 Sweden

 Pelé

17

1962 Chile

 Flórián Albert

20

1966 England

 Franz Beckenbauer

20

1970 Mexico

 Teófilo Cubillas

21

1974 West Germany

 Władysław Żmuda

20

1978 Argentina

 Antonio Cabrini

1982 Spain

 Manuel Amoros

21

1986 Mexico

 Enzo Scifo

20

1990 Italy

 Robert Prosinečki

21

1994 United States

 Marc Overmars

1998 France

 Michael Owen

18

2002 Korea/Japan

 Landon Donovan

20

2006 Germany

 Lukas Podolski[28]

21

2010 South Africa

 Thomas Müller[33]

20

2014 Brazil

 Paul Pogba[34]

21

2018 Russia

 Kylian Mbappé[35]

19

text: FIFA Fair Play Trophy[edit]

text: The FIFA Fair Play Trophy is given to the team with the best record of fair play during the World Cup final tournament since 1970. Only teams that qualified for the second round are considered. The winners of this award earn the FIFA Fair Play Trophy, a diploma, a fair play medal for each player and official, and $50,000 worth of football equipment to be used for youth development.[36]

text: The appearance of the award was originally a certificate. From 1982 to 1990, it had been a golden trophy based on Sport Billy, a football-playing cartoon character from 1982 who became an icon for FIFA Fair play.[37][38] Ever since 1994, it is simply a trophy with an elegant footballer figure.[39] Peru was the first nation to win the award after receiving no yellow or red cards in the 1970 FIFA World Cup held in Mexico.[40]

text:
World Cup

FIFA Fair Play Trophy Winners

1970 Mexico

 Peru

1974 West Germany

 West Germany

1978 Argentina

 Argentina

1982 Spain

 Brazil

1986 Mexico

 Brazil

1990 Italy

 England

1994 United States

 Brazil

1998 France

 England France

2002 Korea/Japan

 Belgium

2006 Germany

 Brazil Spain

2010 South Africa

 Spain

2014 Brazil

 Colombia

2018 Russia

 Spain

text: Man of the Match[edit]

text: The Man of the Match award picks the outstanding player in every game of the tournament since 2002. While the inaugural two editions were chosen by the technical group,[41][42] the Man of the Match is since 2010 picked by an online poll on FIFA's website.[43][44]

text:
World Cup

Most Man of the Match wins

Wins

2002 South Korea/Japan

 Rivaldo

3

2006 Germany

 Andrea Pirlo

3

2010 South Africa

 Wesley Sneijder

4

2014 Brazil

 Lionel Messi

4

2018 Russia

 Antoine Griezmann Eden Hazard Harry Kane Luka Modrić

3

text: Total awardsAs of 15 July 2018

text:
Rank

Player

Country

MoM

WC with awards

1

Arjen Robben
 Netherlands
6
2006, 2010, 2014

Cristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
2010, 2014, 2018

Lionel Messi
 Argentina
2010, 2014, 2018

4

Luis Suárez
 Uruguay
5
2010, 2014, 2018

5

Eden Hazard
 Belgium
4
2014, 2018

Keisuke Honda
 Japan
2010, 2014

James Rodríguez
 Colombia
2014, 2018

Miroslav Klose
 Germany
2002, 2006

Park Ji-sung
 South Korea
2002, 2006, 2010

Thomas Müller
 Germany
2010, 2014

Wesley Sneijder
 Netherlands
2010

text: By CountryAs of 15 July 2018

text:
Rank

Country

MoM

Players

1

 Brazil
22
14

 Germany
12

3

 France
17
11

4

 Spain
16
10

5

 Argentina
15
8

6

 England
14
12

7

 Mexico
12
10

 Netherlands
3

9

 South Korea
11
7

 Portugal
6

 United States
7

text: Most Entertaining Team[edit]

text: The FIFA Award for the Most Entertaining Team is a subjectively awarded prize for the team that had done the most to entertain the public with a positive approach to the game, organised through public participation in a poll[6] starting in 1994.[7]

text:
World Cup

Most Entertaining Team Award

1994 United States

 Brazil[23]

1998 France

 France[23]

2002 Korea/Japan

 South Korea[45]

2006 Germany

 Portugal[46]

2010 South Africa

 Germany[47]

2014 Brazil

 Colombia[48]

text: All-Star Team[edit]

text: The All-Star Team is a team of the best performers at the respective World Cup finals. The ways in which the FIFA All-Star team members have been chosen has varied from year to year.  A technical study group consisting of journalists - mostly from Europe and South America - and experts has historically chosen the team.[49] However, in 1994 FIFA decided to add an official squad, chosen by the FIFA technical group and under the brand name MasterCard All-Star Team.[50] For 1998, 2002 and 2006, substitute and reserve members were also nominated for full 22 and 23-player squads. The All-Star team wound up dropped prior to the 2010 tournament - coincidentally, three years after FIFA changed its sponsorship from MasterCard to Visa.[51]

text:
All Star Team

World Cup

Goalkeepers

Defenders

Midfielders

Forwards

1930 Uruguay

 Enrique Ballestrero

 José Nasazzi
 Milutin Ivković

 Luis Monti
 Álvaro Gestido
 José Leandro Andrade

 Pedro Cea
 Héctor Castro
 Héctor Scarone
 Guillermo Stábile
 Bert Patenaude

1934 Italy

 Ricardo Zamora

 Jacinto Quincoces
 Eraldo Monzeglio

 Luis Monti
 Attilio Ferraris
 Leonardo Cilaurren

 Giuseppe Meazza
 Raimundo Orsi
 Enrique Guaita
 Matthias Sindelar
 Oldřich Nejedlý

1938 France

 František Plánička

 Pietro Rava
 Alfredo Foni
 Domingos da Guia

 Michele Andreolo
 Ugo Locatelli

 Silvio Piola
 Gino Colaussi
 György Sárosi
 Gyula Zsengellér
 Leônidas

1950 Brazil

 Roque Máspoli

 Erik Nilsson
 José Parra
 Víctor Rodríguez Andrade

 Obdulio Varela
 Bauer
 Alcides Ghiggia
 Jair

 Zizinho
 Ademir
 Juan Alberto Schiaffino

1954 Switzerland

 Gyula Grosics

 Ernst Ocwirk
 Djalma Santos
 José Santamaría

 Fritz Walter
 József Bozsik
 Nándor Hidegkuti
 Zoltán Czibor

 Helmut Rahn
 Ferenc Puskás
 Sándor Kocsis

1958 Sweden

 Harry Gregg

 Djalma Santos
 Bellini
 Nílton Santos

 Danny Blanchflower
 Didi
 Gunnar Gren
 Raymond Kopa

 Pelé
 Garrincha
 Just Fontaine

1962 Chile

 Viliam Schrojf

 Djalma Santos
 Cesare Maldini
 Valery Voronin
 Karl-Heinz Schnellinger

 Mário Zagallo
 Zito
 Josef Masopust

 Vavá
 Garrincha
 Leonel Sánchez

1966 England

 Gordon Banks

 George Cohen
 Bobby Moore
 Vicente
 Silvio Marzolini

 Franz Beckenbauer
 Mário Coluna
 Bobby Charlton

 Flórián Albert
 Uwe Seeler
 Eusébio

1970 Mexico

 Ladislao Mazurkiewicz

 Carlos Alberto
 Atilio Ancheta
 Franz Beckenbauer
 Giacinto Facchetti

 Gérson
 Rivellino
 Bobby Charlton

 Pelé
 Gerd Müller
 Jairzinho

1974 West Germany

 Sepp Maier

 Ruud Krol
 Paul Breitner
 Elias Figueroa[52]
 Franz Beckenbauer
 Berti Vogts

 Wolfgang Overath
 Kazimierz Deyna
 Johan Neeskens

 Rob Rensenbrink
 Johan Cruyff
 Grzegorz Lato

1978 Argentina

 Ubaldo Fillol

 Berti Vogts
 Ruud Krol
 Daniel Passarella
 Alberto Tarantini

 Dirceu
 Teófilo Cubillas
 Rob Rensenbrink

 Roberto Bettega
 Paolo Rossi
 Mario Kempes

1982 Spain

 Dino Zoff

 Luizinho
 Júnior
 Claudio Gentile
 Fulvio Collovati

 Zbigniew Boniek
 Falcão
 Michel Platini
 Zico

 Paolo Rossi
 Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

1986 Mexico

 Jean-Marie Pfaff

 Josimar
 Manuel Amoros
 Júlio César

 Jan Ceulemans
 Jean Tigana
 Michel Platini
 Diego Maradona

 Preben Elkjær Larsen
 Emilio Butragueño
 Gary Lineker

1990 Italy

 Sergio Goycochea
 Luis Gabelo Conejo

 Andreas Brehme
 Paolo Maldini
 Franco Baresi

 Diego Maradona
 Lothar Matthäus
 Dragan Stojković
 Paul Gascoigne

 Salvatore Schillaci
 Roger Milla
 Jürgen Klinsmann

text:
MasterCard All Star Team

World Cup

Goalkeepers

Defenders

Midfielders

Forwards

1994 United States[50]

 Michel Preud'homme

 Jorginho
 Márcio Santos
 Paolo Maldini

 Dunga
 Krasimir Balakov
 Gheorghe Hagi
 Tomas Brolin

 Romário
 Hristo Stoichkov
 Roberto Baggio

1998 France[53](1)

 Fabien Barthez
 José Luis Chilavert

 Roberto Carlos
 Marcel Desailly
 Lilian Thuram
 Frank de Boer
 Carlos Gamarra

 Dunga
 Rivaldo
 Michael Laudrup
 Zinedine Zidane
 Edgar Davids

 Ronaldo
 Davor Šuker
 Brian Laudrup
 Dennis Bergkamp

2002 Korea/Japan[54](2)

 Oliver Kahn
 Rüştü Reçber

 Roberto Carlos
 Sol Campbell
 Fernando Hierro
 Hong Myung-bo
 Alpay Özalan

 Rivaldo
 Ronaldinho
 Michael Ballack
 Claudio Reyna
 Yoo Sang-chul

 Ronaldo
 Miroslav Klose
 El Hadji Diouf
 Hasan Şaş

2006 Germany[55]

 Gianluigi Buffon
 Jens Lehmann
 Ricardo

 Roberto Ayala
 John Terry
 Lilian Thuram
 Philipp Lahm
 Fabio Cannavaro
 Gianluca Zambrotta
 Ricardo Carvalho

 Zé Roberto
 Patrick Vieira
 Zinedine Zidane
 Michael Ballack
 Andrea Pirlo
 Gennaro Gattuso
 Luís Figo
 Maniche

 Hernán Crespo
 Thierry Henry
 Miroslav Klose
 Luca Toni
 Francesco Totti

text: 1 In addition to the 16 of the All-Star Team, 6 reserves were listed:  Edwin van der Sar,  Juan Sebastián Verón,  Thierry Henry,  Jay-Jay Okocha,  Michael Owen, and  Christian Vieri.[53]

text: 2 Again there were seven reserves:  Iker Casillas,  Cafu,  Dietmar Hamann,  Joaquín,  Hidetoshi Nakata,  Landon Donovan, and  Marc Wilmots.[54]

text: In 2010, an equivalent of the All Star Team was an online poll to FIFA.com Club members named "Dream Team", sponsored by Yingli.[56] The Dream Team poll returned the following edition sponsored by Oi,[57] and again in 2018 sponsored by Hisense.[58]

text:
Dream Team

World Cup

Goalkeepers

Defenders

Midfielders

Forwards

Manager

2010 South Africa[56]

 Iker Casillas

 Philipp Lahm  Sergio Ramos  Carles Puyol  Maicon

 Xavi  Bastian Schweinsteiger  Wesley Sneijder  Andrés Iniesta

 David Villa  Diego Forlán

 Vicente del Bosque

2014 Brazil[57]

 Manuel Neuer

 Marcelo Mats Hummels David Luiz Thiago Silva

 Ángel Di María Toni Kroos James Rodríguez

 Neymar Thomas Müller Lionel Messi

 Joachim Löw

2018 Russia[59]

 Thibaut Courtois

 Marcelo  Raphaël Varane  Diego Godín  Thiago Silva

 Philippe Coutinho  Luka Modrić  Kevin De Bruyne

 Cristiano Ronaldo  Harry Kane  Kylian Mbappé

text: While FIFA did not release an official list for 2014, official sponsor Castrol published a team of the tournament based on their Castrol Performance Index, which evaluates players' performances through statistical data.[60] Similarly, McDonald's sponsored in 2018 a fantasy football game, whose team of highest-scoring players was published after the tournament.[61]

text:
Castrol Index Top 11

World Cup

Goalkeepers

Defenders

Midfielders

Forwards

2014 Brazil[60]

 Manuel Neuer

 Marcos Rojo Mats Hummels Thiago Silva Stefan de Vrij

 Oscar Toni Kroos Philipp Lahm James Rodríguez

 Arjen Robben Thomas Müller

text:
Fantasy McDonald’s Overall XI

World Cup

Goalkeepers

Defenders

Midfielders

Forwards

2018 Russia[61]

 Thibaut Courtois

 Andreas Granqvist Raphaël Varane Thiago Silva Yerry Mina

 Denis Cheryshev Philippe Coutinho Luka Modrić

 Harry Kane Eden Hazard Antoine Griezmann

text:
Only two players have been named in three separate All-Star teams whose selection only included the starting eleven: Djalma Santos in 1954, 1958 and 1962, Franz Beckenbauer in 1966, 1970 and 1974. Philipp Lahm also achieved it in 2006, 2010 and 2014. However, the 2006 edition listed 23 players and 2014 had two All-Star team listed. Lahm's name has only been in one of these.
21 players have been named in two separate All-Star teams: Luis Monti (1930 and 1934; representing Argentina and Italy respectively); Garrincha (1958 and 1962); Pelé (1958 and 1970); Bobby Charlton (1966 and 1970); Ruud Krol and Rob Rensenbrink (1974 and 1978); Berti Vogts (1974 and 1978); Paolo Rossi (1978 and 1982); Michel Platini (1982 and 1986); Diego Maradona (1986 and 1990); Paolo Maldini (1990 and 1994); Dunga (1994 and 1998); Roberto Carlos, Rivaldo, and Ronaldo (1998 and 2002); Lilian Thuram and Zinedine Zidane (1998 and 2006); Michael Ballack and Miroslav Klose (2002 and 2006); Marcelo and Thiago Silva (2014 and 2018).
Pelé hold the record of the longest time between being named in two separate All-Star teams by 12 years apart (1958 and 1970).
Uruguay in 1930 and 1950,  Spain in 2010 and Germany in 2014 are the only teams to have had a player in every position on the All-Star Team. Germany and Italy achieved it in 2006, however, the 2006 edition listed 23 players.
Uruguay in 1930 and Italy in 2006 have the most players selected in the All-Star Team with 7 players each. However, the 1930 selection only had 11 players overall, while the 2006 selection had 23.
37 different Brazilian players have been named in All-Star teams, Brazil is also the nation with most nominations with 44 nominees in every position except goalkeeper.
Only three players frosm North American zone and two from each the African and Asian zones have been named in All-Star teams, Bert Patenaude and Claudio Reyna from the United States in 1930 and 2002, as well as Luis Gabelo Conejo from Costa Rica in 1990, Hong Myung-bo and Yoo Sang-chul of South Korea in 2002 and Roger Milla from Cameroon in 1990 and El Hadji Diouf from Senegal in 2002. Another player from each zone has been named in reserves: Jay-Jay Okocha from Nigeria in 1998, Hidetoshi Nakata from Japan in 2002 and Landon Donovan from the United States in 2006.
Only one player on the victorious 1986 Argentina team, Diego Maradona, was selected in that year's All-Star team.
Uniquely, brothers Brian Laudrup and Michael Laudrup were both selected for the All Star Team from Denmark in 1998.
Similarly, Cesare Maldini and Paolo Maldini are the only father and son players that were both selected for the All Star Team from Italy, in 1962 and 1990, 1994 respectively.
Uniquely, Argentinian compatriots Diego Maradona (1979 and 1986) and Lionel Messi (2005 and 2014) are the only players that won the Golden Ball award at both FIFA World Cup and FIFA World Youth Championship.

text: Goal of the Tournament[edit]

text:
World Cup

Player

Scored against

Score (1)

Result (1)

Round

Source

2006 Germany

 Maxi Rodríguez

 Mexico

2‒1

2‒1

Round of 16

[62]

2010 South Africa

 Diego Forlán

 Germany

2‒1

2‒3

3rd place match

2014 Brazil

 James Rodríguez

 Uruguay

1‒0

2‒0

Round of 16

2018 Russia

 Benjamin Pavard

 Argentina

2‒2

4‒3

Round of 16

text: (1) First number represents players team, while second number represents opponents team


document_title: Cruise (aeronautics)

question_text: what is the average speed of passenger airplane

text: Cruise (aeronautics)

text: Cruise is a flight phase that occurs when the aircraft levels after a climb to a set altitude and before it begins to descend. [1]

text: Cruising usually consumes the majority of a flight, and it may include changes in heading (direction of flight) at a constant airspeed and altitude.

text: For most passenger aircraft, the cruise phase consumes most of the aircraft's fuel. This lightens the aircraft and raises the optimum altitude for fuel economy. For traffic control reasons it is usually necessary for an aircraft to stay at the cleared flight level. On long-haul flights, the pilot may ask air traffic control to climb from one flight level to a higher one, in a maneuver known as step climb.

text: Cruise speed[edit]

text: Commercial or passenger aircraft are usually designed for optimum performance at their cruise speed (VC). Combustion engines have an optimum efficiency level for fuel consumption and power output.[2] Generally, piston engines are most efficient between idle speed and 25% short of full throttle.[3]

text: With aircraft, other factors affecting optimum cruise altitude include payload, center of gravity, air temperature, humidity, and speed. This altitude is usually where the higher ground speeds, the increase in aerodynamic drag power, and the decrease in engine thrust and efficiency at higher altitudes are balanced.

text: The typical cruising airspeed for a long-distance commercial passenger aircraft is approximately 475–500 knots (878–926 km/h; 546–575 mph).