document_title: List of Full House and Fuller House characters

question_text: what is michelle's middle name on full house

question_tokens: what is michelle 's middle name on full house

text: Main characters

text:
Character
Actor
Full House seasons
Fuller House seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3

Jesse Katsopolis[note 1]
John Stamos
Main
Recurring

Danny Tanner
Bob Saget
Main
Guest
Recurring

Joey Gladstone
Dave Coulier
Main
Recurring

Donna Jo "D.J." Tanner-Fuller
Candace Cameron Bure
Main

Stephanie Tanner
Jodie Sweetin
Main

Michelle Tanner
Mary-Kate & Ashley Olsen
Recurring
Main

Rebecca Donaldson Katsopolis
Lori Loughlin

Recurring
Main
Recurring

Kimmy Gibbler
Andrea Barber
Recurring
Main

Steve Hale
Scott Weinger

Guest
Main
Guest
Recurring
Main1 2

Nicky and Alex Katsopolis
Blake and Dylan Tuomy-Wilhoit[note 2]

Recurring
Main
Guest

Jackson Fuller
Michael Campion

Main

Max Fuller
Elias Harger

Main

Ramona Gibbler
Soni Nicole Bringas

Main

Tommy Fuller
Dashiell & Fox Messitt

Main

Fernando Hernandez-Guerrero-Fernandez-Guerrero
Juan Pablo Di Pace

Recurring
Main

Matt Harmon
John Brotherton

Recurring
Main1

Lola
Ashley Liao

Recurring
Main1
Recurring

Jimmy Gibbler
Adam Hagenbuch

Recurring
Main1

text:
Jump up ^ "Jesse Cochran" during season one
Jump up ^ Daniel and Kevin Renteria (as babies)

text: ^Note 1 : Scott Weinger, John Brotherton, Ashley Liao and Adam Hagenbuch are credited after the opening credits and only for the episodes in which they appear.

text: ^Note 2 : Scott Weinger is credited as a Special Guest Star in the sixth episode of season two but as starring in all of his other appearances.

text: Jesse Katsopolis

text: Jesse Katsopolis (portrayed by John Stamos; the character's last name in season one was Cochran, but was changed reportedly due to John Stamos wanting his character to better reflect his Greek heritage) is Danny's brother-in-law, Pam's younger brother, husband of Rebecca Donaldson and father of twin sons Nicky and Alex. Born Hermes Katsopolis (as revealed in the season five episode "The Legend of Ranger Joe"), he was named after his great-grandfather, who in turn is named after the Greek god of swiftness. However, he did not like his birth name, as other kids teased him for it; so when he was in kindergarten, he begged his parents to have his name changed to Jesse, thinking that one had to have a "cool name" to be in the in-crowd. As an adult, he was more confident with his true name, telling the girls about the Greek god of speed, and how his great-grandfather saved a village from a volcano, but still goes by Jesse.

text: In contrast with Danny, Jesse is portrayed as being irresponsible most of the time, but occasionally serves as a responsible adult when a responsible adult is needed (such as when he discovers Stephanie's classmate is a child abuse victim in the season 6 episode "Silence is Not Golden"). Jesse is revealed as a high school dropout in season six's "Educating Jesse", though in an earlier plot (in season four's "One Last Kiss") about a high school reunion, he mentions not wearing his cap to his graduation because he did not want to mess up his hair.

text: Whenever he picks up the phone, he says "Talk to me".

text: Jesse's obsession with his hair becomes a major trait of his throughout the series, as well as his obsession with Elvis Presley. His obsession with the former is fully established in the season two premiere "Cutting it Close", which focuses on Jesse's tough time coping when Stephanie accidentally cuts off a hunk of his mullet, which leads to him getting into a motorcycle accident that lands him in a full arm cast; later episodes reveal that he has a special comb called Mr. Goodpart (which gets damaged in a melee to purchase a Mighty Mutant Super Kids Super Fortress for Michelle in season eight's "I've Got a Secret") and that he gives pep talks to his hair (as revealed in season seven's "Wrong-Way Tanner").

text: Jesse first moves into the house with virtually no experience in taking care of young children or babies, but starts to learn the ropes along the way. He becomes closer to all of his nieces over the course of the series, especially Michelle, whom he affectionately nicknames "munchkin" and "shorty", among others. In the first season, Jesse works for his father Nick's exterminating business before leaving to pursue work in advertising, frequently working with Joey. He later works with Joey as co-hosts of an afternoon drive time show on local radio station KFLH called The Rush Hour Renegades. Further along in the series, in season seven's "Smash Club: The Next Generation", Jesse becomes the new owner of The Smash Club. Although he was shown to be a sports fan as well as a good athlete in the earlier seasons, it is revealed in later seasons that Jesse hated all sports (especially basketball, as revealed in "Air Jesse" from season eight) and was not very athletic. Jesse's main passion is music, and struggles to "hit it big" with his band, Jesse and the Rippers (in the earlier part of the series). However, his increasing responsibilities to his family, radio job, and as owner of a club, lead his band members to kick him out of the band (in the season eight premiere "Comet's Excellent Adventure"); in "Making Out is Hard to Do", he briefly decides to quit being a musician until he has a nightmare in which he appears on Downbeat (a Behind the Music-style show-within-a-dream-sequence) has him dream that his family hates him, Rebecca has divorced him (and moved on with Joey) and Jesse himself was a mechanic, as well as overweight and balding (because of a scalp infection), with Kimmy Gibbler (dressed in the attire of the Married... with Children character Peggy Bundy) as a wife. Two episodes later in "To Joey, With Love," he subsequently starts a new band called Hot Daddy and the Monkey Puppets.

text: Danny Tanner

text: Daniel Ernest "Danny" Tanner (portrayed by Bob Saget, John Posey in the unaired pilot) is left with three young daughters to raise after his wife, Pam, dies in a car accident caused by a drunk driver. At the beginning of the series, he works as a sportscaster for Channel 8 News. In the season two episode "Tanner vs. Gibbler", he is chosen by his station's general manager Mr. Strowbridge to be the co-host for the station's new morning talk show, Wake Up, San Francisco, alongside Rebecca Donaldson. In season one's "The Big Three-O," Danny's beloved car, "Bullet," is severely damaged after another driver rear-ends the vehicle, leading it roll out of park and become submerged in the San Francisco Bay as Jesse and Joey shop for new seat covers for the car to surprise Danny with as a present for his 30th birthday; Jesse and Joey end up bidding for a new car that is identical in appearance, unknowingly competing with Danny, who purchases the car (and later named it "Walter") after he calls the car dealership that Jesse and Joey are and places a bid over the phone.

text: Danny goes on his first date since his wife's death in the season one episode "Sea Cruise," as part of a fishing trip that was intended to only include himself, Jesse and Joey; he is seen going out on dates on select occasions throughout the series. While Rebecca goes on maternity leave in season five just before giving birth to his nephews Nicky and Alex, Danny ends up falling in love with her co-host replacement, Vicky Larson. The two of them begin dating in season five's "Easy Rider," becoming Danny's most serious relationship since he became a widower, and the two later become engaged in the season six finale "The House Meets the Mouse". However, their relationship turned into a long-distance situation as Vicky was assigned various reporting jobs away from San Francisco. In season seven's "The Perfect Couple," Vicky ended up getting her dream job of anchoring the network news in New York City, but a long-distance relationship did not work for either of them, so Danny decides to break up with her; this leads him to a mass feng shui habit in the following episode, "Is It True About Stephanie?," to which his family acknowledges was his way of trying to cope with his breakup. Danny eventually meets fellow single parent Claire Mahan in season eight episode "Making Out Is Hard to Do," and they have subsequently start dating in the episode "Claire and Present Danger."

text: Although he is not established with this trait early on (season one's "The Return of Grandma" depicts him as begrudgingly trying to clean the messy house with Jesse and Joey after their mothers threaten to move in if they cannot keep the place clean), much of the humor surrounding Danny's character comes from his obsession with cleaning and cleanliness. Danny can often be found cleaning for cleaning's sake, sometimes even cleaning his cleaning products (in a version of the original season three opening titles, seen during episodes in which Lori Loughlin does not appear as Rebecca Donaldson, Danny is even shown to be cleaning his floor vacuum with a handheld vacuum). He says the family motto is "clean is good, dirt is bad". Danny views spring cleaning as his equivalent to Christmas and home movies as his New Year's Eve (as revealed in the season two episode "Goodbye, Mr. Bear"). His quirkiness and generally "unhip dad" personality are also targets for humor. He is a skilled pool, dart player and guitarist (as respectively revealed in season four's, "Girls Just Wanna Have Fun," and season eight's, "To Joey, with Love").

text: Like most other characters, he generally cannot stand Kimmy Gibbler, considering her as “an annoying, obnoxious nuisance”;[1] at times, urging D.J. to make new friends whenever Kimmy does something that irritates him. Danny also has one brother and one sister, and his parents are divorced. Unlike his brother-in-law Jesse (who is more into rock-and-roll), Danny has a taste for 1970s Disco music; one of his favorite songs is Play That Funky Music by Wild Cherry.

text: Joey Gladstone

text: Joseph Alvin "Joey" Gladstone (portrayed by Dave Coulier) is the childhood best friend of Danny Tanner, and adulthood best friend of Jesse Katsopolis. Joey moved in with Danny shortly after the death of Danny's wife, Pam, to help raise D.J., Stephanie, and Michelle. Joey works as a stand-up comedian, whose act usually includes vocal imitations of cartoon characters such as Popeye, Bullwinkle J. Moose, Pepé Le Pew and others. Joey initially slept in the alcove of Danny's living room. However, after complaining of not being able to find privacy, Danny reconstructs his basement garage into a bedroom for him in the season one episode "Joey's Place" (prior to the reveal, Joey contemplates moving out after the family's behavior makes him believe that Jesse and Danny can handle taking care of the girls and that he is not needed). Joey nearly quits comedy in the season one episode "But Seriously, Folks," after Phyllis Diller (who was there as an audience member) hogs his slot at a comedy club, deciding to change his name to Joe and become a serious businessman. He reverses his decision after D.J. decides to quit practicing the guitar, realizing that he is not setting a good example. Although there was some tension between Joey and Jesse when they first move in with the Tanners, they quickly become good friends to the point where Jesse asks Joey to be his best man at his wedding. Even so, Joey's perceived immaturity does irritate Jesse at times. Joey usually handles the day-to-day raising of the kids by doing chores like making meals, driving the kids to school appointments, and after school activities, taking care of Michelle as a baby, and helping the kids with their homework. Joey also buys D.J. her first car for her 16th birthday in the season six episode "Grand Gift Auto," which ends up getting repossessed after the police discover that the car had been stolen; Joey nearly moves out again after the family's attempts to try illustrate that Joey is not capable of committing a crime make him believe that the rest of the family thinks of him as a big joke. It is in this episode that Joey reveals that he had wished to have siblings as he grew up as an only child (even imaging that he was part of The Brady Bunch), and that being part of the Tanner family gave him the extended family he always wanted. In season four's "Viva Las Joey," Joey is reunited with his estranged father (at the arrangement of Stephanie and D.J.), a former serviceman in the Armed Forces, with whom Joey did not get along with growing up due to his strict parenting style and his disapproval of Joey's dream of being a comedian; his father realizes that Joey made the right career decision when he sees his son's routine when Joey is invited as an opening act for Wayne Newton in Las Vegas.

text: Joey has held various jobs in addition to his work as a stand-up comic. For a while during seasons two and three, Joey and Jesse run an advertising business, J&J Creative Services, in which they partnered to compose jingles for television and radio commercials. In season four's "Joey Goes Hollywood," Joey wins a role he secretly auditions for in a sitcom co-starring Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello called Surf's Up. Joey's most successful job was portraying "Ranger Joe," on an afternoon children's variety television show. He was given the job to replace retiring original host "Ranger Roy" in season five's "The Legend of Ranger Joe," only to be fired after triggering Roy's acute physical paranoia when hugging him as a thank you; after Danny informs Joey of this while telling him of his firing, Joey ends up saving Roy from a "hug-o-gram" that he had sent to gratitude for the job; he then gets rehired after Roy becomes impressed with Joey's hosting skills when he takes over for Roy on his last show. Ranger Joe's sidekick is his wise-cracking woodchuck marionette puppet "Mr. Woodchuck" (first seen in "The Legend of Ranger Joe" and last seen in "Michelle Rides Again"). Joey quits his job in season six's "Radio Days," after he becomes disgruntled with his boss Mr. Strowbridge's wife as his co-host. Jesse and Joey subsequently become co-hosts of a successful afternoon show on radio station KFLH called, Rush Hour Renegades. Besides his impressions, much of Joey's humor comes from his depiction as a man child, particularly the fact that he still watches cartoons as an adult and has an extensive knowledge of animation.

text: D.J. Tanner-Fuller

text: Donna Jo Margaret "D.J." Tanner-Fuller (portrayed by Candace Cameron Bure) is Danny and Pam's oldest child. Over the course of the show's run, D.J. attends Frasier Street Elementary, Van Atta Junior High and Bayview High School. In the pilot episode "Our Very First Show," she ends up having to share her bedroom with Stephanie in order to allow Jesse to move into Stephanie's old bedroom; due to problems with privacy regarding Stephanie, in the season five episode "Take My Sister, Please," she sells Danny on an idea to switch rooms with Michelle, who in turn would move in with Stephanie (only after convincing Michelle to move in with Stephanie, after she rejects the offer to move in with her older sister).

text: D.J. is typically the daughter who acts the most practical, often giving advice to her younger sisters, Michelle and Stephanie. Although she sometimes bickers with them, she cares for them deeply. As D.J. entered into middle school, she started to deal with more serious issues like puberty and dating. She has her first serious relationship with Steve Hale (who was first introduced in the season five episode "Sisters in Crime"), who later becomes a real fixture in her life (and a regular character beginning in season six) when their characters return from a summer abroad in Spain. Their relationship lasts until they break up in the season seven episode "Love on the Rocks," when they realize that the passion in their relationship is gone, but they agree to remain friends. D.J. has on-and-off relationships (during the show's final season) with guitarist Viper (a member of Jesse's new band Hot Daddy and the Monkey Puppets) and rich kid Nelson, but both relationships do not last (the two end up vying for D.J.'s affections in the season eight episode "D.J.'s Choice," only for D.J. to reject them both after their fighting gets to be too much for her to bear). In the series finale "Michelle Rides Again," Steve shows up at the Tanner house to take D.J. to her senior prom and they share a kiss. Her best friend throughout the show was next-door neighbor Kimmy Gibbler, who was the complete opposite of D.J. in every way. In season eight, D.J. gets accepted to University of California, Berkeley and it is implied she will go to college there after graduating high school (after she was rejected from her first choice, Stanford University).

text: Stephanie Tanner

text: Stephanie Judith Tanner (portrayed by Jodie Sweetin) is the witty, sarcastic middle child of Danny and Pam, the younger sister of D.J., and the older sister of Michelle. Her mother died when she was five years old. Her catchphrases during the early seasons of the series include "how rude!," "well, pin a rose on your nose!" and "hot dog". She eventually evolved into something of a tomboy in seasons four and five. Stephanie has a habit of spying on D.J.'s life by reading her diary and eavesdropping on her telephone calls (having been caught in the act several times), and is generally the most athletic and nosiest of the Tanner girls. Her best friends in school are Gia Mahan and Mickey, whom she meets in season seven (the former is the only one who appears through to season eight). Of the three sisters, Stephanie has dealt with the toughest issues, such as peer pressure into smoking (in season seven's "Fast Friends"), "make-out" parties (in season eight's "Making Out is Hard to Do"), joyriding (in season eight's "Stephanie's Wild Ride"), and uncovering a classmate's child abuse (in season six's "Silence is Not Golden"), as well as the death of her mother when she was only five. In her early years, she is very sentimental about Mr. Bear, a stuffed animal that her mother gave to her after Michelle was born (this was the focal point of the season two episode "Goodbye Mr. Bear"). She and Jesse are the most abrasive when it comes to how they feel about Kimmy Gibbler. In Fuller House it is revealed that she cannot have children.

text: Michelle Tanner

text: Michelle Elizabeth Tanner (played by twins Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen), is Danny and Pam's youngest daughter. Danny is more overprotective of Michelle than the other girls. Michelle was just a baby when Pam died, so she hardly remembers her mom. Jesse and Joey's misadventures in taking care of her when she was a baby provided a great deal of humor. Once Michelle started to grow up, she became the focus of more of the show's storylines. Her best friends, Teddy and Denise, appear frequently in later seasons. She also has other friends, such as Derek Boyd, Lisa Leeper, and bossy Aaron Bailey, who Michelle has an uneasy friendship with. Her favorite toys (in earlier seasons) are Barney, a plush bear who hangs on the wall above her bed, and her stuffed pig. It is apparent that Jesse is somewhat closer to her than her sisters, and he gives her nicknames such as "munchkin", "shorty" and "rugrat". She is known for her many recurring catchphrases such as "you got it, dude!", "you're in big trouble, mister!", "oh, puh-lease!", "aw, nuts!", "duh!", and "no way, José!"

text: Rebecca Donaldson Katsopolis

text: Rebecca Donaldson Katsopolis (portrayed by Lori Loughlin), is the sarcastic, practical, but very loving and well-educated woman who becomes the love interest and later wife of Jesse Katsopolis. Becky was born in Valentine, Nebraska and decided to pursue journalism as a career while she was in high school. Becky moves to San Francisco to become the co-host of Wake Up, San Francisco, being paired with Danny as her co-host; the two become close friends, although she often quips about Danny's quirks and tendency to ramble in his conversations. She was reluctant to admit her feelings for Jesse at first, but she eventually falls in love with him. The two almost elope in Lake Tahoe in the season two finale "Luck Be a Lady", but backed out when Becky realized that she and Jesse were not really ready to get married. They eventually get married (in the second part of the season four episode "The Wedding") on Valentine's Day.

text: After Jesse has a bittersweet farewell to the rest of the family when he decides to move into Rebecca's apartment in the season four episode "Fuller House", Rebecca agrees to move in with the Tanners and Joey when she discovers how much Jesse misses them, living together in the attic (which Jesse and Joey have converted into an apartment). Becky helps to transform Jesse, although she still teases him about his obsession with his hair and love of Elvis. She also serves as a mother figure to the girls at times; most prominently giving advice to D.J. as she becomes a teenager. Becky gives birth to twin boys Nicholas and Alexander on Michelle's fifth birthday in part two of the season five episode "Happy Birthday, Babies". She and Jesse name Alexander after a teacher who inspired her to become a journalist and Nicholas after Jesse's father. Becky is offered a producer role on Wake Up, San Francisco in the season eight episode "The Producer", which results in Danny briefly quitting the show due to him being passed over for such a promotion.

text: Kimmy Gibbler

text: Kimberly Louise "Kimmy" Gibbler (portrayed by Andrea Barber, recurring since season one and upgraded to a series regular in season five) is D.J.'s best friend and the Tanners' annoying but well-meaning next-door neighbor. Kimmy and D.J. have been best friends since they attended kindergarten together, despite their differing personalities; the two have temporarily ended their friendship multiple times during the show's run due to disputes over various situations, but always end up reconciling and forgiving each other. Most of the Tanner family cannot stand her (Danny, Stephanie and Jesse are especially annoyed by her, with Stephanie often making jabs at her lack of intelligence and other unusual quirks and Danny urging D.J. to make new friends and often asking Kimmy to leave the house). She is often known to be a poor student in school, and had copied D.J.'s homework during most of the early seasons. Kimmy is the subject of a recurring gag in the series, regarding her terrible foot odor, which becomes noticeable to other people mainly once she removes her shoes; Kimmy also becomes aware of this in a scene in the season seven episode "The Apartment", in which she accidentally grabs one of her shoes while searching for her phone when Danny calls her to find out the whereabouts of D.J. (who had fallen asleep on her boyfriend Steve's couch while watching a movie in his apartment). She is also known to be addicted to shopping.

text: In the episode "Another Opening, Another No Show", Jesse and Kimmy get locked in a closet on the night of the grand re-opening of The Smash Club, after the door handle breaks off in Jesse's hand; while there, Kimmy finally tells Jesse how much it hurts when he and the other Tanners (except for D.J.) pick on her. He finally tries to stop picking on her and tells the Tanners to try to go easy on her. However, their behavior towards her remains the same in later episodes, although she never seems to mind it anymore.

text: Kimmy's only serious relationship is with Duane (who is introduced in season eight episode "Taking the Plunge"), a very air-headed boy who was only known to say "whatever". Ironically, he was shown to have a fondness for Shakespearean works as he passionately quoted a line from Shakespeare's 18th sonnet. In "Taking the Plunge," Kimmy decides to run off to Reno and elope with Duane after she was rejected by the colleges that she had applied to, and is afraid that D.J. will go off to school and forget her. When D.J., Jesse, and Danny arrive at the chapel to stop her from getting married too young, D.J. tells her that she will always be her best friend no matter what. In the two-part series finale "Michelle Rides Again," she tries to find D.J. a blind date for prom, and ends up surprising her with her ex-boyfriend Steve instead.

text: Steve Hale

text: Steven "Steve" Hale (originally introduced as Steve Peters; portrayed by Scott Weinger) is D.J.'s first steady boyfriend. He is introduced in the season five episode "Sisters in Crime" as D.J.'s date to a movie that she ends up taking Michelle and Stephanie to, and returns to the series as a regular character in the sixth-season premiere "Come Fly With Me" (which establishes the character as played by Weinger in his original appearance the season prior). Steve is two years older than D.J. and is a star member of the high school wrestling team. He is known for having a healthy appetite, and often eats at the Tanners' when he visits.

text: In "A Very Tanner Christmas," Steve receives an acceptance letter to a party school in Florida that he had applied to (this causes the two to briefly break up due to D.J.'s concern that she would miss him), but decides to go to a local community college in order to improve his grades and continue his relationship with D.J. In the season six episode "Prom Night," both he and D.J. attend Steve's prom where he is elected prom king (although his ex-girlfriend—whose affections he later rejects—is named prom queen). Steve and D.J. break up in the season seven episode "Love on the Rocks," after they realize that their relationship was not as passionate as it used to be, but they decide to remain friends.

text: Nicky and Alex Katsopolis

text: Nicholas "Nicky" and Alexander "Alex" Katsopolis, (played by Daniel and Kevin Renteria as babies during season 5; Blake and Dylan Tuomy-Wilhoit as toddlers for seasons 6–8) are the twin sons of Jesse and Becky Katsopolis. The two were born in the season five episode "Happy Birthday, Babies," on the date of Michelle's fifth birthday. Becky named Alex after a high school teacher who inspired her to venture into a career in journalism, while Jesse chose to name Nicky after his father, for giving him great hair. They have strawberry-blond hair and are fun-loving toddlers, with minor distinctions between them. Nicky is more quiet and sweet, while Alex is more outspoken and mischievous. They often repeat each other's words.

text: Recurring characters

text:
Vicky Larson (played by Gail Edwards) is Danny's girlfriend during seasons five and six and was briefly his fiancee from the season six episode "The House Meets the Mouse" until halfway through season seven. Vicky is very focused on her career, which proves to be the undoing in her long-distance relationship with Danny. They meet in season five's "Nicky and/or Alexander," when Vicky fills in for Becky (who is on maternity leave) on Wake Up, San Francisco, and start dating two episodes later in "Easy Rider". Later in season five's "Play It Again, Jesse," Danny insists that she take a news anchor job in Chicago that she was offered once Becky returns, and that starts a long-distance relationship (that goes from early season six to mid-season seven). Danny eventually proposes to her when she comes along on the family's vacation to Walt Disney World in "The House Meets the Mouse". However, Vicky later gets her dream job—anchoring the network news in New York City—in the season seven episode "The Perfect Couple" (the character's final appearance); as a result, she cannot come to live with Danny and his family in San Francisco, nor is Danny able to uproot his family in California. Therefore, to the dismay of themselves and Danny's family, they have a mutual breakup. Vicky often gives advice, such as helping D.J. with her relationship with Steve, and helping Danny to deal with it and serves as a motherly figure to D.J., Stephanie, and Michelle.
Gia Mahan (played by Marla Sokoloff) is Stephanie's archenemy (beginning with her first appearance in the season seven episode "Fast Friends"), who later becomes her best friend (starting with the conclusion of "Is It True About Stephanie?" from that same season, but more prominently during season eight). She leads Stephanie into dangerous or not-so-smart situations. Stephanie gets involved in a few wild, irresponsible things because of Gia, such as going to a make-out party planned by her in the season eight episode "Making Out is Hard to Do", and (almost) smoking in "Fast Friends". Conversely, Stephanie was also a positive influence on Gia. During an unknown time when her parents had been through a divorce, Gia is shown as a cigarette-smoking, rebellious teen with horrible grades. She is two years older than Stephanie, as she was held back in school. Viewers learn (as of "Making Out is Hard to Do") that because of Stephanie, Gia has stopped smoking, became more respectful, improved her grades, and lost her inclination to play pranks on other people. In season 3 of Fuller House, it was revealed the Gia has a daughter named Roxanne “Rocki” (portrayed by Landry Bender).
Teddy (played by Tahj Mowry) is Michelle’s best friend. He first appeared in the season five premiere "Double Trouble," when Michelle meets him on their first day of kindergarten following the advice that Joey told Michelle that the best way to make new friends was by being funny, and does a Bullwinkle impression. He accompanies her when she needs a "date" to sneak out and join Danny on a date with Vicky in the season five episode "Bachelor of the Month". He is also the one whose house Michelle runs away to in "The Devil Made Me Do It" later that season (Tahj Mowry's real-life sisters Tia and Tamera Mowry appear in that episode in a dual role as Teddy's older sister). He moves to Amarillo, Texas in the season six episode "The Long Goodbye"; Teddy returns in the season seven episode "Be Your Own Best Friend", when his father's job moves him back to San Francisco. He and Michelle even consider trying to be boyfriend and girlfriend in third grade in the season eight episode "Dateless in San Francisco", but find that it is no fun for children their age.
Denise Frazer (played by Jurnee Smollett) is Michelle's best female friend, introduced in the season six episode "The Long Goodbye". She replaces Teddy as Michelle's best friend after Teddy moves to Texas. Denise, like Teddy before her, often gets Michelle into trouble. In the season seven episode "Be Your Own Best Friend," Teddy moves back to San Francisco, leaving Michelle to choose between him and Denise for whom to serve as her best friend. Danny makes her understand that it is possible to have more than one best friend. Michelle ultimately forms a trio of friends with Teddy and Denise at the end of that episode. In the season seven episode "Too Little Richard Too Late," it is revealed that Denise's uncle is Little Richard (who guest starred in the episode). Denise does not appear after that episode, having been written out without explanation due to Smollett's role in the short-lived ABC sitcom On Our Own (which aired during the 1994-95 season, concurring with the run of Full House's eighth and final season).
Aaron Bailey (played by Miko Hughes) is Michelle's recurring and longest running classmate. Introduced in the season three episode "Bye, Bye Birdie", he is the typical class bully, who tends to be annoying and rude at times. He pinches Michelle in the season four episode "A Pinch for a Pinch," which results in Jesse telling Michelle to fight back by pinching him in retaliation. When the teacher punishes them, Jesse takes Michelle home, pulling her out of preschool. While that behavior does not continue, his obnoxious ways continue throughout the series. In other episodes, he treats Jesse as either an equal or underlying rival. In addition, he also creates trouble for D.J. and Kimmy when they have boys over while Kimmy is babysitting in season four's "Girls Just Wanna Have Fun". Danny even remarks (in season seven) that they are watching Aaron for several days "until his regular babysitter stops twitching". He is sometimes seen being nice to Michelle.
Derek S. Boyd (played by Blake McIver Ewing) is one of Michelle's friends (appearing in eight episodes total throughout seasons six through eight). Michelle first meets Derek in the episode "The Play's the Thing," when he lands the role of Yankee Doodle in their school play, America the Beautiful. Though Michelle is initially jealous of Derek for winning the part over her (due in no small part to the fact that both of her sisters played Yankee Doodle in the same play), she helps him recover from a case of stage-fright, and they eventually become friends. Derek is very educated and well-spoken for a boy of his age, though also a bit on the wimpy side. He also shows signs of being a bit obsessive-compulsive. As shown in several episodes (including in his first appearance), he is also shown to be a very talented singer. In the scene in which he is first introduced, Derek says he blends in with his surroundings.
Lisa Leeper (played by Kathryn Zaremba) is one of Michelle's friends (featured in six episodes during the eighth season, beginning with "I've Got a Secret"); in the episode We Got the Beat," Lisa is shown to be an extremely good singer when she sings a duet of "Don't Go Breaking My Heart" with Derek.
Nelson Burkhardt (played by Jason Marsden) is a love interest for D.J. that is introduced in the season eight premiere "Comet's Excellent Adventure". Nelson is a teenager who comes from a very wealthy family, and dates D.J. on-and-off for some time (ironically, it is in his first appearance that D.J. breaks up with him; he ends up going on a date with Kimmy three episodes later in "I've Got a Secret"). Not much is revealed about Nelson's background or family, aside from the fact that he is very rich, and often throws and attends big parties on yachts. Though in "Taking the Plunge," he mentions that his cousin, Regina – with whom he sets Joey up on a date – is visiting the United States from England. Toward the latter stages of his "relationship" with D.J., in "D.J.'s Choice," he gets into a "tug-of-war" with Viper to be D.J.'s boyfriend, to which she declines both boys.
Claire Tanner (portrayed by Alice Hirson) is Danny's mother. She helped Danny raise the girls in the first few months after the death of Danny's wife, Pam, prior to Jesse and Joey moving into the house. She appeared in only three episodes: "Our Very First Show" and "The Return of Grandma" (as portrayed by Hirson), and in "Granny Tanny" (as portrayed by Doris Roberts).

text: Other characters

text:
Nick Katsopolis (played by John Aprea) is Jesse and Pam's father. He is an avid fan of Elvis Presley, just like Jesse. Also, like his son, he is very much interested in his hair and women (as he states in the season two episode "Our Very First Christmas Show", "there are two things Katsopolis men are known for: kissing and great hair"). Nick is the owner of an insect extermination business. He met his wife, Irene, the day that Elvis was drafted into the United States Army. Nick was a firm but caring parent. In the episode, "D.J.'s Day Off" it is mentioned that he would punish Jesse severely. This combination is also seen in the episode "It Is Not My Job", when Jesse quits the extermination business Nick responds with: "If you're out of the business, you're out of the family." Later on, he explains this by saying that he did not build up the business to sell it to a stranger. His love for his family is also shown by the fact that Irene bringing in Michelle curbed his anger. When Michelle was getting ready to do a television commercial for marshmallows in the season two episode "El Problema Grande de D.J.", he remarked that Michelle looked like a little blonde version of the redhead he likes on Gilligan's Island, which was revealed to be Tina Louise by Irene. In honor of inheriting Nick's hair, Jesse names one of his twin sons after him. Nicky and Alex never interact with their grandparents on-screen like the girls have, as Nick and Irene are last seen in season four.
Irene Katsopolis (played by Yvonne Wilder, and by Rhoda Gemignani in "The Return of Grandma") is Jesse and Pam's mother, and the wife of Nick Katsopolis. She often talked about diapering Jesse's "tushy", and touched his and other people's "tushies," which made Jesse mad; at other times, she would talk about when Jesse was a kid. She often mentioned how she is older than Nick, and her passion for younger men (which makes Nick feel inferior at times).
Stavros (played by John Stamos in a dual role) is Jesse's swarthy, greasy, woman-crazed Greek look-alike cousin (with minor cosmetic differences in appearance from Jesse, namely Stavros having a mustache, a gap in his teeth, a slightly larger nose than his cousin and a mole on his cheek). Appearing only in the season seven episode "Kissing Cousins," he hits on Becky—despite the fact that she is Jesse's wife—several times during the episode. He is shown to be a con artist; he cheats Joey out of his watch and money during a card game, and tells a fake story about a mudslide that devastated his village in order to pilfer the "donations" and leave, to which the family catches on. Jesse expresses his disappointment with the dastardly deeds that Stavros — who ends up being arrested — commits.
Wendy Tanner (played by Darlene Vogel) is Danny's sister, who is an avid animal enthusiast, and works at a zoo. She owns a chimpanzee named Ginger, and is known to have had somewhat of a rivalry with Joey in their childhood, but when she comes back to San Francisco in the season five episode "Too Much Monkey Business," she and Joey have a brief relationship after they both revealed themselves to have had "secret crushes" on each other. It is also revealed that she collects exotic souvenirs from around the world. She and Joey date briefly (but she is not seen or mentioned after the episode).
Iorgos "Papouli" Katsopolis (played by Jack Kruschen) is Jesse's Greek grandfather, introduced in the season four episode "Greek Week". Papouli is the central to the storyline of the season seven episode "The Last Dance," when he visits San Francisco to see the family and starts to forge a very close relationship with his granddaughter Michelle. Later in the episode, Papouli dies of natural causes (as Danny specifically mentions that his heart gave out and he died in his sleep while staying at the house). When Michelle hears about the tragedy after her Honeybee meeting, she becomes very despondent and decides not to go to school, acknowledging that Papouli promised to appear as part of her school assignment and teach her class a Greek dance. Michelle attempts not to show any emotion in front of Jesse, who himself has a hard time coping with Papouli's death. However, when she tells him the truth, Jesse tells Michelle that it is okay to cry in mourning of Papouli, as the two start sobbing and hugging each other. Jesse appears at Michelle's school and accompanies her in performing the dance that Papouli taught her earlier in the episode when she is unable to remember the rest of the dance.
Mindy Gladstone (played by Beverly Sanders) is Joey's mother. She appears only in the season one episode "The Return of Grandma," although Joey talks about her often during the series, such as when Joey lands a gig opening for Wayne Newton in Las Vegas in the season four episode "Viva Las Joey". When Joey was asked by Jesse why he could not invite his mother to come see the show, he claims she is working as Goofy at Walt Disney World.
Kathy Santoni (played by Anne Marie McEvoy) is a classmate of D.J.'s. While only appearing in four episodes (beginning with season three's "Back to School Blues"), Kathy Santoni is mentioned in several episodes by various characters. In the season seven episode "The Apartment," it is revealed that she got married and pregnant at age 16.
Walter F. Berman (Whitby Hertford) is a school friend of Stephanie Tanner. At first, Stephanie disliked him, and went as far as teasing and imitating his resemblance to a duck (which occurs when his lips are pursed). She—along with the rest of the class—even nicknamed him "Duckface". However, after following her Uncle Jesse's advice, she learned to appreciate Walter more, even if he was a nerd. This led to Walter briefly considering Stephanie as his "secret girlfriend".
Harry Takayama (Nathan Nishiguchi) is the first on-screen friend of Stephanie's (appearing in season two, beginning with the episode "Middle Age Crazy"). He usually calls her "Chief", and she refers to him as her boyfriend—without understanding that term's full meaning (as Stephanie put it in Harry's first appearance, "you're a boy, and you're my friend; that makes you my boyfriend"). Stephanie decides to have a pretend wedding with Harry in "Middle Age Crazy," feeling that she is not receiving attention from the rest of the family. His last appearance is in the season three episode "Nerd For a Day". In the episode "Pal Joey," Harry becomes infatuated with D.J. after she teaches him a mathematic problem using oranges.
Cindy (played by Debra Sandlund) is a girlfriend of Danny's, appearing in three episodes during season four, beginning with the episode "Terror in Tanner Town". It is revealed that she works as a dry cleaner in that episode, and she first met Danny when he comes to the store as a customer. She also has a precocious and troublesome 10-year-old son named Rusty.
Rusty (portrayed by Jordan Christopher Michael) is the son of Cindy, Danny's girlfriend in season four, first appearing in "Terror in Tanner Town". Rusty has a penchant of performing mischievous antics and practical jokes that wreak havoc on the family. During a crazy prank that Rusty started in "Secret Admirer," he misunderstood D.J.'s words and believed that she was romantically interested in him. This caused him to develop a brief crush on her, but quickly got over it when the other members of the family caught on to his prank, in which he sent a letter intended to D.J. (without signing his name on it) that ends up being circulated to the rest of the family as well as Kimmy and Cindy, resulting in everyone mistakenly believing that someone else in the group was interested in them. He was last seen in "Stephanie Plays the Field," training for baseball with Stephanie.
Ricky (played by R. J. Williams in the season four episodes "Secret Admirer and "Happy New Year") is the neighborhood paperboy whom D.J. had a crush on.
Brett Davis (played by Sean Fox in season four, introduced in the episode "Stephanie Plays the Field") is a classmate and friend of Stephanie's who plays Little League Baseball for the Cubs. He is supposedly Stephanie Tanner's first love.
Viper (David Lipper) is a guitarist in Jesse's band Hot Daddy and the Monkey Puppets during season eight. He is introduced in "To Joey, With Love", when he auditions for the band in competition with Danny, who is revealed to be as equally excellent at guitar. He begins to date D.J. in the episode "On the Road Again," much to the initial dismay of Danny and Jesse, the latter of whom briefly kicks him out of the band. He is revealed to have insecurities about not going to college in the episode "Claire and Present Danger", and ends up twisting everything D.J. says to where she puts him down. He eventually dumps her in "D.J.'s Choice," because he thinks things are moving too fast for him and wants space. He then changes his mind and begs her to take him back. This causes problems as D.J. starts to date her old boyfriend Nelson again. D.J. cannot decide between the two and asks for time to think. Unfortunately, neither one gives her space and begin to fight over her. D.J. then says that if they are going to force her to choose, then she would not choose either one and dumps them both.
Caroline (portrayed by (Dorothy Parke) is a friend of Danny's, who was first seen in the season one episode "Sea Cruise," as one of the dates who appear while Danny, Joey, and Jesse go on a fishing trip on a boat. She also appeared in the episode "The Big Three-O" six episodes later.
Adrianna (Fabiana Udenio) is Jesse's one-time girlfriend in the season one episode "Daddy's Home".
Corinna Spicer (Elizabeth Keifer) is a student in Jesse's "private music class," whom Jesse was interested in, in the season one episode "Jesse's Girl". At the end of the episode, she winds up with Joey instead.
Jill (Darcy DeMoss) is one of Jesse's early girlfriends. She and Jesse date when there is no one else to date, according to her.
Duane (played by Scott Menville) is Kimmy Gibbler's boyfriend in season eight (first appearing in the episode "Taking the Plunge"), whom she considered marrying in Reno. He is often airheaded like Kimmy is, and is mostly quiet and known for saying "whatever" in a surfer-like accent. One thing is known about him is that he loves the works of William Shakespeare. In part one of "Michelle Rides Again," he passionately recites lines from Shakespeare's 18th sonnet.
Mrs. Carruthers (played by Marcia Wallace) is a neighbor of the Tanners (appearing in seasons seven and eight), who has a massive (but obviously one-sided) crush on Joey, as evidenced by her constant "chasing" him down, and his subsequent attempts to "hide" from her and reject her advances. She collaborates with Kimmy Gibbler to form a Neighborhood Watch program known as the "Crime Catchers" in season seven's "The Bicycle Thief". She also is known to "dominate" the PTA elections at Michelle's school, Frasier Street Elementary, every year, inspiring Joey to run for PTA president in a fair election in "Too Little Richard Too Late," to which he is ultimately disqualified due to Mrs. Carruthers pointing out that PTA rules require that the president must be a parent of a Frasier Street student. However, Mrs. Carruthers offers Joey the opportunity to be her vice president instead, a position he accepts.
Pamela "Pam" Katsopolis Tanner (portrayed by Christie Houser) is Danny's wife, Jesse's sister, and the mother of D.J., Stephanie, and Michelle, who was an unseen character, except in the form of a home video shot when she and Danny brought Michelle home from the hospital in the season two episode "Goodbye Mr. Bear". She was killed by a drunk driver before the start of the series (according to D.J. in the eighth-season episode "Under the Influence"). She has been described as traits her children have: always smiling (Michelle), full of energy (Stephanie), and always did her best at everything (D.J.).

text: Guest stars

text:
Kirk Cameron – Episode 18: "Just One of the Guys", as Steve, Danny's nephew and the girls' cousin. He is the real-life brother of Candace Cameron Bure (Kirk's eventual wife and Candace's sister-in-law Chelsea Noble appears in the following episode "The Seven-Month Itch" as Jesse's girlfriend Samantha).
Phyllis Diller – Episode 16: "But Seriously, Folks"
Belita Moreno – Episode 12: "Our Very First Promo"

text:
The Beach Boys (as themselves) – Episode 16: "Beach Boy Bingo". They also appear in season three, episode 24: "Our Very First Telethon", and season five's "Captain Video" (parts 1 and 2) in the "Forever" music video. The first time they appeared, they were supposed to be guests on Wake Up, San Francisco, but had to cancel their appearance due to fog preventing their plane from landing. D.J. then wins a telephone contest to get tickets to their concert, but she has trouble deciding whom to take with her. In the end, the whole family ends up going and even joins the band on stage.
Jonathan Brandis – Episode 11: "A Little Romance"

text:
Scott Baio – Episode 9: "Dr. Dare Rides Again"
Doris Roberts – Episode 5: "Granny Tanny"

text:
Frankie Avalon – episode 23: "Joey Goes Hollywood"
Annette Funicello – episode 23: "Joey Goes Hollywood"
Erika Eleniak – episode 9: "One Last Kiss" as Jesse's high school girlfriend Carrie Fowler.
Wayne Newton – episode 7: "Viva Las Joey" as himself. In the episode, Joey opened to Newton in Las Vegas.
Jaleel White appears as his character Steve Urkel from the series Family Matters (which was produced by Full House's production companies Miller-Boyett Productions and Lorimar Television) in episode 16: "Stephanie Gets Framed", Urkel happens to be a cousin of D.J.'s friend Julie (played by Tasha Scott, who was also White's love interest in the 1990 TV movie Camp Cucamonga). During his visit, he helped and gave advice to Stephanie Tanner, because she had to get reading glasses. Stephanie is reluctant because of how reading glasses will make her look, but Steve tells her "the trick is to make them laugh with you before they laugh at you."

text:
David Lascher – Episode 3: "Take My Sister, Please"
June Lockhart – Episodes 1 and 2: "Double Trouble" and "Matchmaker Michelle"
Whitman Mayo – Episode 7: "The Volunteer"
Tommy Page – Episode 16: "Crushed"

text: Danielle Fishel – Episode 10 and 17: "I'm Not D.J." and "Silence is Not Golden"

text:
Little Richard appears as himself in "Too Little Richard Too Late". It is revealed that he is Denise's uncle. Because he was holding a concert in San Francisco, Michelle asks him to perform a concert to help Joey's campaign for PTA president. He accepts, and performs for Joey's campaign. Richard is quite late to the concert, but makes it up to them. He has a dislike to Jesse after Jesse's comment about him putting a punch bowl on his head at family gatherings.
Marla Sokoloff – first appeared as Gia Mahan in "Fast Friends" and later becomes a recurring cast member
Suzanne Somers – Episode 19: "Love on the Rocks"
Ben Stein appeared as Elliott Warner in "Another Opening, Another No Show".
Vanna White – Episode 15: "The Test"

text:
Andrea Abbate as Gia's mother Claire Mahan and Danny's new girlfriend
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar – Episode 16: "Air Jesse"
Mickey Rooney - Episode 11: "Arrest Ye Merry Gentlemen"
Frankie Valli – Episode 12: "D.J.'s Choice"
Barry Williams appears as himself in "Making Out is Hard to Do", replacing Jesse as lead singer of The Rippers


document_title: Pensions in the United Kingdom

question_text: when were state pensions introduced in the uk

root

text: Pensions in the United Kingdom

text: History[edit]

text: Until the 20th century, poverty was seen as a quasi-criminal state, and this was reflected in the Vagabonds and Beggars Act 1495 that imprisoned beggars. During Elizabethan times, English poor laws represented a shift whereby the poor were seen merely as morally degenerate, and were expected to perform forced labour in workhouses.

tag: p

text: The beginning of the modern state pension was the Old Age Pensions Act 1908, that provided 5 shillings (£0.25) a week for those over 70 whose annual means did not exceed £31 10s. (£31.50). It coincided with the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws and Relief of Distress 1905-09 and was the first step in the Liberal welfare reforms to the completion of a system of social security, with unemployment and health insurance through the National Insurance Act 1911.

text: After the war, the National Insurance Act 1946 completed universal coverage of social security. The National Assistance Act 1948 formally abolished the poor law, and gave a minimum income to those not paying national insurance.

text: The early 1990s established the existing framework for state pensions in the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 and Superannuation and other Funds (Validation) Act 1992. Following the highly respected Goode Report, occupational pensions were covered by comprehensive statutes in the Pension Schemes Act 1993 and the Pensions Act 1995.

text: In 2002 the Pensions Commission was established as a cross party body to review pensions in the United Kingdom. The first Act to follow was the Pensions Act 2004 that updated regulation by replacing OPRA with the Pensions Regulator and relaxing the stringency of minimum funding requirements for pensions, while ensuring protection for insolvent businesses. In a major update of the state pension, the Pensions Act 2007, which aligned and raised retirement ages. Following that, the Pensions Act 2008 has set up automatic enrolment for occupational pensions, and a public competitor designed to be a low-cost and efficient fund manager, called the National Employment Savings Trust (or "Nest").

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (May 2011)

tag: table

text: Pensions Act 2011[edit]

text: The Act amends the timetable for increasing the state pension age to 66. Under the PA 2007, the increase to 66 was due to take effect between 2004 and 2026. This Act will bring forward the increase so that state pension age for both men and women will begin rising from 65 in December 2018 to reach 66 by October 2020. As a result of bringing forward the increase to 66, the timetable contained in the PA 1995 for equalising women’s state pension age with men’s at 65 by April 2020 will be accelerated, so that women’s state pension age reaches 65 by November 2018.[6]

text: The Act introduces amendments to primary legislation to amend the regulatory framework for the duty on employers to automatically enrol eligible workers into a qualifying pension scheme and to contribute to the scheme. These measures implement recommendations from the Making Automatic Enrolment Work review and revise some of the automatic enrolment provisions in the PA 2008.

text: The Act amends existing legislation that provides for revaluation or indexation of occupational pensions and payments by the Pension Protection Fund.

text: The Act defines "money purchase benefits" in legislation relating to pensions. This is in consequence of the judgment of the Supreme Court in Houldsworth v Bridge Trustees and Secretary of State for Work and Pensions. The Act takes powers to make transitional, consequential or supplementary provision as well as the power to make further amendments to the definition of "money purchase benefits" if necessary.

text: The Act introduces provisions into the current judicial pension schemes to allow contributions to be taken towards the cost of providing personal pension benefits to members of those schemes.

text: Finally, this Act contains a number of measures to correct particular references in the existing body of pensions-related legislation and other small and technical measures to both state and private pension legislation. This includes the following measures:

text:
increased flexibility in the date of consolidation of additional state pension;
abolition of new awards of Payable Uprated Contracted-out Deduction Increments (PUCODIs);
Financial Assistance Scheme: amendments to legislation concerning transfer of assets, and amount of payments;
miscellaneous amendments to Pension Protection Fund legislation;
amendments to legislation concerning payments of surplus to employers;
amendments to legislation concerning the requirement for indexation of cash balance benefits; and
corrective amendments to legislation concerning the calculation of debt owing to a pension scheme.

tag: ul

text: State pensions[edit]

text: State pension comprises three main elements – the basic pension, additional pensions, and pension guarantee. These are described in the following sections.

text: Basic State Pension (BSP) or State Retirement Pension[edit]

text: Additional Pension[edit]

text: Three different state schemes have existed to provide extra pension provision above the Basic State Pension (BSP). These are collectively known as Additional Pension. They have been available only to employees paying National Insurance contributions and to certain exempted groups (not including the self-employed). The three schemes are/were:

text: Graduated Pension or Graduated Retirement Benefit

text: State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme (SERPS)

text: State Second Pension (S2P)

text: Unlike the Basic State Pension, participation in the Additional Pension schemes is voluntary. Those who do not wish to participate can contract out. This option was introduced with SERPS in 1978 and is only available to those who have made alternative pension arrangements through Personal or Occupational schemes. Further changes to be introduced in 2012 will see S2P change from an "earnings related" to a "flat rate" pension, and individuals will lose the right to contract out.

text: Pension Credit[edit]

text: Occupational pensions[edit]

text: Occupational pension schemes are arrangements established by employers to provide pension and related benefits for their employees. These are created under the Pension Schemes Act 1993, the Pensions Act 1995 and the Pensions Act 2008.

text: Automatic enrolment[edit]

text: The Pensions Act 2008 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The principal change brought about by the Act is that all workers will have to opt out of an occupational pension plan of their employer, rather than opt in. This is referred to as automatic enrolment, and moves a significant amount of responsibility onto the employer to ensure that their employees are enrolled in a workplace pension scheme.[7]

text: Employers are required to initiate automatic enrolment into their workplace according to set staging dates based on the number of employees in the company. These dates vary from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2017, with larger firms required to meet compliance guidelines first, and smaller firms later.[8] There are penalties for companies who are not compliant by their staging date.[9] There are a number of solutions available to help companies meet government compliance by their staging date.

text: Defined benefit/final salary schemes[edit]

text: More than 6000 occupational schemes were in place in the UK in 2015,[10] of which over 5000 were in deficit. The total shortfall of the schemes was over 360 billion pounds as of February 2015. A large number of UK employers offer their employees access to a defined benefit occupational pension scheme, often based on final salary. In such an arrangement, the employee was typically promised a pension of a fixed proportion of their salary in the period leading up to retirement. The proportion would depend on the number of years of service with the employer. Post retirement increases are typically partly discretionary. The amounts payable are restricted by taxation rules, the maximum being typically either a pension of one-sixtieth of final salary for each year of membership or a pension of one-eightieth of their salary per year of membership plus a tax free lump sum of three-eightieths. With increases in longevity and reductions in interest rates, such arrangements were becoming progressively unaffordable. So following a review by a Pensions Commission, to get a given income, the length it is necessary to pay into a pension in the public sector is linked to longevity.

text: Defined contribution/money purchase schemes[edit]

text: Over recent years, many employers have closed their defined benefit schemes to new members, and established defined contribution or money purchase arrangements instead. In this arrangement, the employer (and sometimes also the employee) makes regular payments (typically a percentage of salary) into a pension fund, and the fund is used to buy a pension when the employee retires. So the amount of pension depends on a number of factors including the accumulated amount of the fund, interest rates and projected mortality rates at the time the individual retires.

text: Funding[edit]

text: UK occupational pension schemes are typically jointly funded by the employer and the employees. These are called "contributory pension schemes" since the employee contributes – typically something in the region of 6% of salary, tax free. "Non contributory pension schemes" are where the employer funds the scheme with no contribution from the individual. Contributions are typically put into a separate trust, whose assets will be used to provide benefits in due course.

text: Underfunding[edit]

text: Defined benefit pension schemes may be affected to swings in the financial markets. The Pension Protection Fund was set up to act as a safety net in case a scheme was unable to pay the defined benefits it was committed to. According to the PPF Pension Funds in the UK is estimated to have been 367.5 Billion pounds at the end of January 2015. The report[10] puts the deficit at 40%- The PPF figures show that the funds fell into deficit at the end of 2011. The situation of the schemes is driven largely by quantitative easing.[11][12]

text: Tax registration[edit]

text: Most schemes are also registered for tax purposes, which gives the scheme various tax advantages – assets grow free from income tax, capital gains tax and corporation tax, employees can normally make contributions out of their gross (untaxed) income, and employer contributions are generally tax deductible. Only funded schemes can be registered.

text: Prior to April 2006 schemes were 'approved' by HMRC rather than registered. Approval placed certain limits on the benefits which could be provided, which led to a growth of 'unapproved' (i.e. without the generous tax treatment) retirement arrangements – these unapproved schemes were commonly distinguished by reference to their funding status (funded unapproved retirement benefit schemes FURBS and unfunded unapproved retirement benefit schemes UURBS).

text: Individual or personal pensions[edit]

text: It is also possible for an individual to make contributions under an arrangement they themselves make with a provider (such as an insurance company). Similar tax advantages will usually be available as for occupational schemes. Contributions are typically invested during an individual's working life, and then used to purchase a pension at or following retirement. Various names are given to different types of individual arrangement, but they are not fundamentally different in nature. The generic term personal pension is used to refer to arrangements established since the rules were liberalised in the 1980s (earlier arrangements are usually called retirement annuity contracts), but can be subdivided into other types (such as the Self-invested personal pension, where the member is allowed to direct what their contributions should be invested in).

text: Stakeholder pensions[edit]

text: Stakeholder pensions (insured personal pensions, with charges capped at a low level) are a form of pension arrangement designed to be easily understandable and available. Stakeholder pensions are in effect personal pension schemes set up on terms which meet standards set by the government (for example there are restrictions on the charges the provider may make). Although a stakeholder pension is a personal pension, they can (and in some circumstances must) be offered by an employer as a cost-effective way of providing pension cover for their workforce.

text: Group personal pensions[edit]

text: Group personal pensions are another pension arrangement that are personal pensions, but are linked to an employer. A group personal pension plan (GPPP) can be established by an employer as a way of providing all of its employees with access to a pension plan run by a single provider. By grouping all the employees together in this way, it is normally possible for the employer to negotiate favourable terms with the provider, thus reducing the cost of pension provision to the employees. The employer will also normally contribute to the GPPP.

text: SIPPs[edit]

text: Special categories of pension[edit]

text: Perpetual or hereditary pensions[edit]

text: Perpetual pensions were freely granted either to favourites or as a reward for political services from the time of Charles II onwards. Such pensions were very frequently attached as salaries to places which were sinecures, or, just as often, posts which were really necessary were grossly overpaid, while the duties were discharged by a deputy at a small salary.

text: Prior to the reign of Queen Anne, such pensions and annuities were charged on the hereditary revenues of the sovereign and were held to be binding on the sovereign's successors.[13] By the Taxation, etc. Act 1702 (I Anne c. 7) it was provided that no portion of the hereditary revenues could be charged with pensions beyond the life of the reigning sovereign. This act did not affect the hereditary revenues of Ireland and Scotland, and many persons were quartered, as they had been before the act, on the Irish and Scottish revenues who could not be provided for in England for example, the Duke of St Albans, illegitimate son of Charles II, had an Irish pension of £800 a year (£117 thousand today); Catherine Sedley, mistress of James II, had an Irish pension of £5,000 a year; the Duchess of Kendall and the Countess of Darlington, respectively mistress and half-sister of George I, had pensions of the united annual value of £5,000 (£433 thousand today), while Madame de Wallmoden, a mistress of George II, had a pension of £3,000 (£399 thousand today).[14]

text: These pensions had been granted in every conceivable form during the pleasure of the Crown, for the life of the sovereign, for terms of years, for the life of the grantee, and for several lives in being or in reversion (Erskine May, Constitutional History of England). On the accession of George III and his surrender of the hereditary revenues in return for a fixed civil list, this civil list became the source from which the pensions were paid. The three pension lists of England, Scotland and Ireland were consolidated in 1830, and the civil pension list reduced to finance the remainder of the pensions being charged on the Consolidated Fund.

text: In 1887 Charles Bradlaugh MP protested strongly against the payment of perpetual pensions, and as a result a committee of the House of Commons inquired into the subject (Report of Select Committee on Perpetual Pensions, 248, 1887). An appendix to the Report contains a detailed list of all hereditary pensions, payments and allowances in existence in 1881, with an explanation of the origin in each case and the ground of the original grant; there are also shown the pensions, etc., redeemed from time to time, and the terms upon which the redemption took place. The nature of some of these pensions may be gathered from the following examples:

text:
To the Duke of Marlborough and his heirs in perpetuity, £4,000 per annum; this annuity was redeemed in August 1884 for a sum of £107,780, by the creation of a ten years annuity of £12,796 17s. per annum.
By an act of 1806 an annuity of £5,000 per annum was conferred on Lord Nelson and his heirs in perpetuity.
In 1793 an annuity of £2,000 was conferred on Lord Rodney and his heirs.

text: All these pensions were for services rendered, and although justifiable from that point of view, a preferable policy is pursued in the 20th century, by Parliament voting a lump sum, as in the cases of Lord Kitchener in 1902 (£50,000) and Lord Cromer in 1907 (£50,000).

text: Charles II granted the office of Receiver-General and Controller of the Seals of the Court of Kings Bench and Common Pleas to the Duke of Grafton. This was purchased in 1825 from the duke for an annuity of £843, which in turn was commuted in 1883 for a sum of £22,714 12s. 8d. To the same duke was given the Office of the Pipe or Remembrancer of First-Fruits and Tenths of the Clergy. This office was sold by the duke in 1765 and, after passing through various hands, was purchased by one R. Harrisor in 1798. In 1835 on the loss of certain fees the holder was compensated by a perpetual pension of £62 9s. 8d. The Duke of Graftol also possessed an annuity of £6,870 in respect of the commutator of the dues of butlerage and prisage.

text: To the Duke of St Albans was granted in 1684 the office of Master of the Hawks. The sum granted by the original patent were: Master of Hawks, salary £391 1s. 5d.; four falconers at £50 per annum each, £200; provision of hawks, £600; provision of pigeons, hens and other meats £182 10s.; total, £1373 11s. 5d. This amount was reduced by office fees and other deductions to £965, at which amount it stood until commuted in 1891 for £18,335.

text: To the Duke of Richmond and his heirs was granted in 1676 a duty of one shilling per ton of all coals exported from the Tyne for consumption in England. This was redeemed in 1799 for an annuity of £19,000 (chargeable on the consolidated fund), which was afterwards redeemed for £633,333.

text: The Duke of Hamilton, as hereditary keeper of the palace of Holyrood House, received a perpetual pension of £45,105 and the descendants of the heritable usher of Scotland drew a salary of £242 10s.

text: The conclusions of the committee were that pensions allowances and payments should not in future be granted in perpetuity, on the ground that such grants should be limited to the persons actually rendering the service, and that such reward should be defrayed by the generation benefited; that offices with salaries and without duties, or with merely nominal duties, ought to be abolished; that all existing perpetual pensions and payments and all hereditary offices should be abolished: that where no service or merely nominal service is rendered by the holder of an hereditary office or the original grantee of a pension, the pension or payment should in no case continue beyond the life of the present holder and that in all cases the method of commutation ought to ensure a real and substantial saving to the nation (the existing rate, about 27 years purchase, being considered by the committee to be too high). These recommendations of the committee were adopted by the government and outstanding hereditary pensions were gradually commuted, the only ones left outstanding being those to Lord Rodney (£2,000) and to Lord Nelson (£5,000), both chargeable on the Consolidated Fund.

text: Political pensions[edit]

text: These are type sui generis as they either reward a career in domestic politics or are awarded in the colonial context not on grounds of justice, contract or socio-economic merits, but as a political decision, in order to take a politically significant person (often deemed a potential political danger) out of the picture by paying him or her off, regardless of seniority.

text: Civil List pensions[edit]

text: These are pensions granted by the Sovereign from the Civil List upon the recommendation of the First Lord of the Treasury. They were to be "granted to such persons only as have just claims on the royal beneficence or who by their personal services to the Crown, or by the performance of duties to the public, or by their useful discoveries in science and attainments in literature and the arts, have merited the gracious consideration of their sovereign and the gratitude of their country."[15] As of 1911, a sum of £1,200 was allotted each year from the Civil List, in addition to the pensions already in force. In 1908, the total of civil list pensions payable in that year amounted to £24,665. For 2012-13 the total annual cost of civil list pensions paid to 53 people was £126,293. The average pension was £2,383.[16]

text: Judicial, municipal, etc.[edit]

text: There are certain offices of the executive whose pensions are regulated by particular acts of Parliament. Judges of the High Court, on completing fifteen years services or becoming permanently incapacitated for duty, whatever their length of service, may be granted a pension equal to two-thirds of their salary (Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873). The Lord Chancellor of Great Britain however short a time he may have held office, receives a pension of £45,000, but he usually continues to sit as a Law Lord in the House of Lords; so also does the Lord Chancellor of Northern Ireland, who receives a pension of £3,692 6s. A considerable number of local authorities have obtained special parliamentary powers for the purpose of superannuating their officials and workmen who have reached the age of 65. Poor law officers receive superannuation allowances under the Poor Law Officers Superannuation Act 1864–1897.

text: Ecclesiastical pensions[edit]

text: Bishops, deans, canons or incumbent who are incapacitated by age or infirmity from the discharge of their ecclesiastical duties may receive pensions which are a charged upon the revenues of the see or cure vacated.

text: Royal Navy[edit]

text: Navy pensions were first instituted by William III of England in 1693 and regularly established by an order in council of Queen Anne in 1700. Since then the rate of pensions has undergone various modification and alterations; the full regulations concerning pensions to all ranks will be found in the quarterly Navy List, published by authority of the Admiralty. In addition to the ordinary pension there are also good-service pensions, Greenwich Hospital pension and pensions for wounds.

text: An officer is entitled to a pension when he is retired at the age of 45, or if he retires between the ages c 40 and 45 at his own request, otherwise he receives only half pay. The amount of his pension depends upon his rank, length of service and age. As an example, in past, the maximum retired pay of an admiral was £850 per annum, for which 30 years service or its equivalent in half-pay time is necessary; he may, in addition, have held a good service pension of 300 per annum. The maximum retired pay of a vice-admiral with 29 years service was £725; of rear-admirals with 27 years service, £600 per annum. Pensions of captains who retire at the age of 55, commanders, who retire at 50, and lieutenants who retire at 45, ranged from £200 per annum for 17 years service to £525 for 24 years service. The pensions of other officers were calculated in the same way, according to age and length of service.

text: The good-service pensions consisted of ten pensions of £300 per annum for flag-officers, two of which may be held by vice-admirals and two by rear-admirals; twelve of £150 for captains; two of £200 a year and two of £150 a year for engineer officers; three of 100 a year for medical officers of the navy; six of £200 a year for general officers of the Royal Marines and two of £150 a year for colonels and lieutenant-colonels of the same. Greenwich Hospital pensions range from £150 a year for flag officers to £25 a year for warrant officers. All seamen and marines who have completed twenty-two years service are entitled to pensions ranging from 1d. a day to a maximum of 1s. 2d. a day, according to the number of good-conduct badges, together with the good-conduct medal, possessed. Petty officers, in addition to the rates of pension allowed them as seamen, are allowed for each years service in the capacity of superior petty officer, 15s. 2d. a year, and in the capacity of inferior petty officer 7s. 7d. a year.

text: Men who are discharged from the service on account of injuries and wounds or disability attributable to the service are pensioned with sums varying from 6d. a day to 2s. a day. Pensions are also given to the widows of officers in certain circumstances and compassionate allowances made to the children of officers. In the Navy estimates for 1908–1909 the amount required for halfpay and retired-pay was £868,800, and for pensions, gratuities and compassionate allowances £1,334,600, a total of £2,203,400.

text: Army[edit]

text: The system of pensions in the British Army is somewhat intricate, provision being made for dealing with almost every case separately.

text: Pension provision by age group[edit]

text: The Family resources survey[17] from the UK Department for Work and Pensions, details levels of income, saving and pension provision for a representative selection of UK households and is the source for the table below for UK employees (Table 7.12):

text:
Pension Provision Level
16–24 age group
25–34 age group
35–44 age group
45–54 age group
55–59 age group
60–64 age group
65 + age group
Working age Male
Working age Female
All Adult Employees
All Self Employed Adults

Occupational Pension
15%
41%
51%
52%
49%
33%
2%
44%
46%
42%
1%

Personal or Stakeholder Pension
1%
8%
11%
11%
11%
8%
3%
12%
7%
9%
30%

Both Occupational and Personal Pension
0
1%
2%
3%
3%
2%
0
2%
2%
2%
0

Not in any Pension scheme
83%
49%
36%
34%
37%
56%
95%
42%
46%
47%
68%

text: Most employees over the state pension age of 65 would not have pension provision as part of their salary and benefits – they may well however be receiving income from a pension from previous employment


document_title: Andy Travis

question_text: who played andy travis on wkrp in cincinnati

text: Andy Travis

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Andy Travis

WKRP in Cincinnati character

Bailey Quarters (Jan Smithers) and Andy Travis (Gary Sandy)

Portrayed by
Gary Sandy

Information

Gender
Male

Occupation
program director

Nationality
American

text: Andy Travis is a fictional character on the television situation comedy WKRP in Cincinnati (1978–82). He was played by Gary Sandy.

text: Travis was originally intended to be the lead character, the more-or-less normal person who would anchor the series and provide the focus for most of the stories. He is the subject of the theme song, and one critic went so far as to describe Sandy as "Gary Tyler Moore." As the first season went on, WKRP shifted to being more of an ensemble comedy, where any one of the eight regulars could carry an episode. Despite this change, Sandy retained top billing for all four seasons as the straight man to the rest of the cast.

text: Program director[edit]

text: In the pilot episode, Andy arrives in Cincinnati to take over as WKRP's program director. He previously worked the same job at a radio station in Santa Fe, New Mexico; but he also ran a station in Albuquerque and Amarillo, Texas (In season 3, Andy mentioned he's originally from Phoenix, Arizona). He is young, handsome and friendly, and though he is viewed with suspicion by the old guard at the low-rated station—station manager Arthur Carlson, sales director Herb Tarlek, and news director Les Nessman—he soon manages to win them over to his side. Mr. Carlson even defends Andy to his domineering mother, the station's owner, when she wants to fire Andy.

text: Convinced that he's not going to last at WKRP, Andy spends about the first month in his apartment without furniture, in the event he has to suddenly leave town. In a flashback episode, it's revealed that Andy got his overweight landlady drunk to charm her into letting him out of his lease, which he does successfully.

text: Described by Mr. Carlson as a "cowboy," Andy frequently wears boots and a cowboy hat. He also wears very tight jeans to work, which makes Mr. Carlson uncomfortable. "With denim," Andy explains, "I feel comfortable and relaxed. I feel as though I can work better." He wears his hair in the late '70s "feathered" style, and many of the characters make fun of his ample hair: Bailey Quarters, asking him to take part in a promotion, asks him to imagine "Your hair flowing in the wind -- now, that stuff will flow!" Though he is usually quiet and low-key, describing himself as "an easy-going guy with a natural ability to lead," he can sometimes lose his temper when his employees won't listen to him, which is more often than not. In response to Johnny Fever's refusal to play his playlist of top 40 hits, Andy jokingly threatens to shoot himself. In fact, a common joke in the series is that Andy often has to literally run to the broadcast booth to stop some unacceptable material being broadcast at that moment.

text: Andy's first act at WKRP is to change the format from "beautiful music" to top 40 rock n' roll. He has, in his own words, "lived and breathed radio ever since I was a little boy," and his ambition is to turn WKRP around and make it a top-rated station. But he is unable to do what it really takes to improve the station: fire Herb and Les. He has come to feel affection for them, and he also knows a real house-cleaning at the station would entail getting rid of the most incompetent employees of all: the Carlson family, who, as owners and managers of the station, he has no authority to dismiss or discipline.

text: After his first year on the job, when WKRP only rises from 16th to 14th in an 18-station market, and while the rest of the staff is elated, Andy, though outwardly happy, is furious, and considers it a personal failure. After a conversation with his friend, nighttime disc jockey Gordon "Venus Flytrap" Sims, Andy realizes that he cannot leave WKRP, or fire anybody, whether they are detrimental to the station's success or not. He likes the people too much, and has made friends here, something that did not happen at the other stations where he worked. Andy decides to abandon his ambition of becoming a hugely successful program director, or as Venus puts it, "You gave up a chance to be Boy Wonder of American radio to be the head guard of a nut farm."

text: As the series goes on, Andy turns his attention to fighting against the increasingly bland, corporate world of modern radio. In one episode, he meets Norris Breeze (played by thirtysomething co-star David Clennon), a former colleague of his from New Mexico who is now a successful programming consultant. Breeze is appalled by Andy's decision to let the DJs pick the music they like instead of just playing the same songs over and over, like most radio stations. "Nobody is programming their own music," Breeze says. "We are, and that's the way it's going to stay," Andy replies.

text: A story arc from the final season of WKRP has Andy working behind the scenes to get Mama Carlson to put more money into the station, so that he can improve the place and give the employees raises. When the staff considers unionizing, he strikes a deal with her: he will keep the union out of the station if she will pay higher salaries and allow him to renovate the station's lobby. The others never find out what Andy did.

text: Also in the final season, Andy takes Mama Carlson out to dinner and the opera, hoping to get her to invest still more money (this time to buy a new transmitter). He begins to wonder if she expects him to sleep with her in exchange for the money. In the end, it turns out that she only wanted to go out with a personable young man on her arm, though she enjoys allowing him to believe that she has greater expectations.

text: In the final episode, Andy is given his walking papers when Mrs. Carlson announces her plans to change the station's format from Top 40 to all news, despite the station's most recent finish in sixth place in the Cincinnati radio ratings, with the morning show at number one. She reverses her decision after Johnny, who has learned her ulterior motive of changing the format to doom the station to failure like she wants (in order to keep the station as a tax write-off for her other business ventures), threatens to divulge her motives to her son. Just as Mrs. Carlson tells Arthur that she's reconsidered changing the format, a drunken Andy and Venus burst into her home with the intent of telling her off "Mrs. Carlson...I'm tired of your crud!" Both collapse on her floor.

text: Between the end of WKRP in Cincinnati in 1982 and the start of The New WKRP in Cincinnati in 1991, he leaves the station. The station's fortunes fall dramatically after his departure, to the point that by the time of The New WKRP in Cincinnati, the station is back in the same position as it was before he arrived. His (apparently) first replacement, Steve DeMarco (an unseen character), is fired for using foul language on air. By the time of the later series, the program director's chair is filled by Donovan Aderhold (played by Mykelti Williamson), who disappears in the penultimate episode when he leaves the station, attempts to return but has his plane disappear. The position is empty in the series finale.

text: Personal life[edit]

text: In the first-season episode "Love Returns", Travis is very tempted to leave WKRP. An old flame, now a very successful country and western singer (played by It's a Living star Barrie Youngfellow), shows up and rekindles old feelings. She offers him a job with her entourage, but he reluctantly turns it down. During the remainder of the show's run, Andy occasionally refers to having girlfriends and dates, and even uses Mr. Carlson's office to impress an attractive coat-check girl during a business party, but otherwise he is not actually seen actively pursuing a love interest.

text: Andy is not immune to the charms of his female co-workers. After Andy is knocked unconscious during a tornado, Jennifer Marlowe begins giving him mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, which a delirious Andy soon attempts to turn into a passionate kiss. Similarly, when reprimanding Bailey Quarters for crafting a fake news story that was subsequently read on-air, he informs her that should it ever happen again, she will be "the best-looking reporter on the unemployment line" (Bailey's response in turn is non-verbal, but does indicate that she is extremely flattered by the compliment). In the episode "Filthy Pictures", Bailey uses Andy's obvious discomfort at being asked to pose in a bathing suit (for a charity photoshoot) to gently mock male chauvinist attitudes, greeting him with "Hey, baby" and calling him "beefcake". Andy does get his own back, however, when Bailey dresses stylishly in purple and pretends to be a former nude pinup model (in order to get nude photos of Jennifer back from a sleazy photographer); when she returns to the station after the successful ruse, Andy greets her by saying, "Hey, baby...purple's my favorite color." He then begins chasing her around the station.

text: Casting[edit]

text: Hugh Wilson, the creator and showrunner of WKRP, originally wanted to offer the part of Andy to David Letterman. However, MTM decided to cast Letterman in another show, Mary Tyler Moore's comedy-variety show Mary (which was canceled after only three weeks). Several other actors were considered for the part, but CBS executives decided that Sandy was the best choice.

text:
[hide]

v
t
e

WKRP in Cincinnati

TV Series

WKRP in Cincinnati

Episodes
"In Concert"

The New WKRP in Cincinnati

Episodes

Characters

Arthur Carlson
Dr. Johnny Fever
Venus Flytrap
Jennifer Marlowe
Les Nessman
Bailey Quarters
Herb Tarlek
Andy Travis

text: Fictional characters introduced in 1978WKRP in Cincinnati charactersFictional characters from New Mexico

text: Articles lacking sources from September 2009All articles lacking sources