document_title: Anne Shirley

question_text: anne of green gables who does she marry

question_tokens: anne of green gables who does she marry

text: Anne Shirley

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Anne's early life[edit]

text: Anne Shirley was born in the (fictional) town of Bolingbroke, Nova Scotia and spent the earliest years of her childhood there. No specific birthdate is given, but references in later works suggest her date of birth is in March 1865, although a reference in Anne's House of Dreams to the Canadian federal election of 1896, when she was approximately 27, could be interpreted to date her birth to approximately the spring of 1869. At one point in Anne of Green Gables, Anne saves the Barry baby from an attack of croup while all of the adults have gone to Charlottetown to hear a speech by a Conservative politician who wants to be prime minister, whose most notable facial feature is his huge bulbous nose.[1] The politician is not named, but his political affiliation and his prominent nose would strongly imply he is Sir John A. Macdonald, the hard-drinking Scotsman whose alcoholism gave him a bloated nose who served as Prime Minister from 1867-73 and again from 1878-91.[1] In any event, Anne was orphaned as an infant of three months, when her parents, schoolteachers Walter and Bertha Shirley (née Willis), died of typhoid fever. Without any other relations, Anne was taken in by Mrs. Thomas, who had done housework for the Shirleys. After Mr. Thomas died, Anne went to live with the Hammond family for some years and was treated as little more than a servant until Mr. Hammond died, whereupon Mrs. Hammond divided her children amongst relatives and Anne was sent to the orphanage at Hopetown. She considered herself as "cursed" by twins — Mrs. Hammond had three sets of twins whom Anne helped raise.

text: Arrival at Green Gables, Avonlea[edit]

text: At the age of eleven, Anne was taken from the Hopetown orphanage to the neighbouring province of Prince Edward Island, which she regarded as her true home ever after. Unfortunately, she arrived by mistake — her sponsors, the siblings Matthew and Marilla Cuthbert, wanted to adopt a boy to help them on their farm, but the neighbour with whom they had sent the message was certain they had requested a girl instead. Matthew quickly became fascinated by the girl's good-hearted spirit, charming enthusiasm, and lively imagination, and wanted her to stay at Green Gables from the very first. Marilla's instinct was to send her back to the orphanage, but she was eventually won over by Anne's quirky joie de vivre — and by the fact that another woman, much harder than herself, was set to take Anne should Marilla decline to keep her. The American scholar Joseph Brennan noted that for Anne "all things are alive", as she imagines trees by the roadside welcoming her to Green Gables while a learning plum tree makes her think that it is offering a veil just for her.[2] Anne at one point says "Maples are such social things" and likes Lover's Lane because: "I like that lane because you can think out loud there without people calling you crazy".[3]

text: Anne has great powers of imagination, fed by books of poetry and romance, and a passion for "romantic" and beautiful names and places. When she sees a road lined with apple trees in bloom, she falls silent for a moment before naming the road the "White Way of Delight"; when spying a pond at the Barry homestead, she christens it the "Lake of Shining Waters."[2] Anne had been starved of love at the orphanages she has lived at, and for her, Green Gables is the only home she has ever known.[2] Anne's imaginative nature matches well with her passionate, warm side, full of bubbly optimism and enthusiasm.[2] Anne has an impulsive nature which leads her into all sorts of "scrapes", and she alternates between being carried away with enthusiasm or being in the "depths of despair".[4] One scholar Elizabeth Watson has observed a recurring theme, noting Anne's observations of sunsets mirror her own development.[3] Under the White Way of Delight, Anne watches the sun set which is to her a glory where "a painted sunset sky shone like a great rose window at the end of a cathedral aisle".[3] By the end of the novel, when Anne watches the sun set, it set across a backdrop of "flowers of quiet happiness", as Anne is slowly falling in love with Gilbert.[5]

text: Anne initially made a poor impression on the townsfolk of Avonlea with an outburst at the Cuthberts' neighbour, the outspoken gossip Mrs. Rachel Lynde, but this was amended by an equally impassioned apology. Anne soon became 'bosom friends' with a girl from a neighbouring farm, Diana Barry. Together with Matthew, Diana is Anne's "kindred spirit".[6] The friendship was disrupted by the temporary enmity of Diana's mother, after Anne mistakenly made Diana drunk with Marilla's homemade currant wine, mistaking it for raspberry cordial. Anne was soon restored to Mrs. Barry's good graces by saving the life of Diana's little sister, Minnie May. Minnie May had an attack of the croup, which Anne was able to cure with a bottle of ipecac and knowledge acquired while caring for the numerous Hammond twins. Throughout her childhood, Anne continued to find herself in similar "scrapes", often through mistakes and misunderstandings, and no fault of her own. At one point Anne "admires to the point of nuttiness" an amethyst broach, which she is falsely accused of stealing, a crime she has to confess to in order to attend a picnic.[7] Anne tends to define herself in opposition to older people via humor, and forges a relationship with Marilla Cuthbert via humour.[8] The dreamy and imaginative Anne aks that Marilla call her "Cordelia" and "Geraldine" as Anne likes to imagine herself as somebody that she is not.[9]

text: Anne also formed a complex relationship with Gilbert Blythe, who was three years older than Anne but studying at her level, having had his schooling interrupted when his father became ill. On their first meeting as schoolmates, Gilbert teased Anne with the nickname "Carrots". Anne, perceiving it as a personal insult due to sensitivity over her hair colour, became so angry that she broke her slate over his head.[10] When her teacher punished her by making her stand in front of the class, and then later punishes her for tardiness by making her sit with "the boys", specifically Gilbert Blythe, Anne forms a long-lasting hatred of Gilbert Blythe. Anne tells Diana that "Gilbert Blythe has hurt me excruciatingly".[11] Throughout Anne of Green Gables, Gilbert repeatedly displays admiration for Anne, but she coldly rebuffs him. Her grudge persisted even after he saved her from a near-disastrous reenactment of Tennyson's "Lancelot and Elaine" when her leaky boat sank into the pond. After this almost fatal accident, Gilbert pleaded with Anne to become his friend but she refused, although she soon came to regret it. For the rest of their school years in Avonlea, they competed as intellectual rivals for the top of the class, although the competition was entirely good-natured on Gilbert's side. However, Anne forms the "Story Club" at the age of 13, which she tells the story of two girls named Cordelia and Geraldine (both of which were aliases she had adopted earlier) who both love Bertram- a variant of Gilbert.[12] The story ends with Cordelia pushing Geraldine into a river to drown with Bertram, which suggests subconsciously Anne is attracted to Gilbert.[13] Near the end, Anne and Gilbert walk together to Green Gables, where Gilbert only-jokingly says: "You've thwarted destiny long enough".[14] At the end of Anne of Green Gables, Anne looks out of her window admiring Avonlea as an "ideal world of dreams", through she sees a "bend in the road" thanks to Gilbert.[15] Mrs. Lynde at the beginning of the book was the self-important busybody of Avonlea who dominated the community; at the end, the book hints that Anne will play the same role, but only much better in the years to come.[16]

text: Avonlea schoolteacher years[edit]

text: Immediately after graduating from Avonlea's public school, Anne and Gilbert both went to Queen's Academy in Charlottetown, which trained them for teaching and university studies. They split the most prestigious prizes between themselves, and remained "enemies" all through their studies at Queen's. Anne's grades, especially in English, won her a scholarship to Redmond College, but Matthew's death and Marilla's failing eyesight near the end of Anne of Green Gables led Anne to defer her enrollment at Redmond so that she could stay to help at Green Gables. Gilbert had been appointed as the Avonlea schoolteacher for the following year, but as an act of kindness, he instead took the position at White Sands School and gave the Avonlea position to Anne. She thanked him for the sacrifice and they made amends, becoming friends at last after five years of intense rivalry. Anne reads some poetry by Virgil, but abandons the book as the beauty of sun-kissed summer day and her coming career as a teacher inspire a sense of happiness and unity with nature.[17]

text: In Anne of Avonlea, Marilla decided to take in her cousin's twin children, Davy and Dora (continuing Anne's "curse of twins"). However, Anne took to them, especially Davy, immediately. Anne learns to manage the twins via a mixture of good humor and understanding..[18] Besides for teaching, Anne joins the Village Improvement Society that works to demolish ugly abandoned houses, repaint the village and plant a garden at the crossroads.[19] The mean-spirited principle Mr. Harrison attacks Anne as a "red-headed snippet" who sits around "reading yellow-covered novels".[20] When a famous author Mrs. Morgan visits Avonlea, Anne greets her with a nose turned red owing to her mistakes in applying the wrong skin lotion as Anne goes to absurd lengths to be prepared to meet the world-famous Mrs. Morgan, which results in chaos, through all works out well in the end.[21] Meeting Mrs. Morgan inspires Anne to try writing, where trapped in an abandoned hen-house, she writes out a dialogue between flowers and the birds in the garden.[22] Another scrape occurs at her school, where Anne forces a student to throw a package into the school stove, unaware that the offending package were firecrackers.[23] The following year, Rachel Lynde's husband Thomas died and Rachel moved in with Marilla at Green Gables, leaving Anne free to continue her education at Redmond College (based on Dalhousie University[24] [25]) in Kingsport, Nova Scotia. Anne was pleased because Gilbert would also be going to Redmond the following year. After the wedding of her friend Miss Lavendar, Anne first realized that there was a possibility that Gilbert felt more for her than friendship, and "The page of girlhood had been turned, as by an unseen finger, and the page of womanhood was before her with all its charm and mystery, its pain and gladness." Anne once again walks with Gilbert where the narrator notes: "Behind them the little stone house brooded among the shadows. It was lonely but not forsaken. It had not yet done with dreams and laughter and joy of life".[26]

text: Redmond College[edit]

text: In Anne of the Island, Anne's academic and social life blossom at Redmond. Anne says at the beginning "I'm going to study and grow and learn about things".[27] Anne visits the house where she was born, in Bolingbroke, and ponders deeply how her mother died young, but at least knew the joys of love.[28] During her time at Redmond, Anne writes two stories, one of which is rejected, but turned by Diana into a successful story, and another which is dismissed because it has no plot.[29] Anne's story "Averil's Atonement" is edited by Diana into a successful story that sells well, but Anne sees the final published version as a travesty that mangles her artistic vision.[30] Seeking poetical inspiration, Anne spends her time alone on Victoria Island (significantly named after the queen-empress whose empire stretched around the world), Anne withdraws into her own world of fantasies amid a landscape "curtained with fine-spun, moonlit gloom, while the water laughed around her in a duet of brook and water".[31]

text: At the beginning of the novel, Anne and Gilbert, looking forward to a "splendid four years at Redmond" wander around to the Haunted Wood, to taste the "delicious" apples" where "under tawny skin was white, white flesh, faintly veined with red; and besides their own proper apple taste, they had a certain wild, delightful tang".[32] The Canadian scholar Elizabeth Waterson noted the "erotic" overtones to the scene of the apple tasting in the Haunted Wood, as sign of Anne's attraction to Gilbert that she is herself is not entirely aware of.[32] Anne's favorite hang-out is Patty's Place, where she and her three best friends spent their evenings by a fireplace, three cats, two china dogs and a pot full of chrysanthemums that light up "through the golden gloom like creamy moons".[33]

text: Gilbert, who has always loved Anne, proposes to her, but she rejects him; at that time, Anne's vision of love is rooted deeply in sentimental fantasies and she does not recognize her closeness to Gilbert as love. Anne's calls Gilbert's marriage proposal "grotesque or-horrible".[34] She believes that she will fall in love with her prince who would fit her childhood ideal of "tall, dark, and handsome". Feeling deeply disappointed, Gilbert distances himself from Anne. Anne refuses "haughtily" to Sam Tolliver's offer of marriage.[35] Anne later welcomes the courtship of the darkly handsome Roy Gardner whom she meets one rainy afternoon in the November of her junior year.[36] After about a year and a half of courtship, he proposes in the park where they met, but Anne ends their relationship instead, realizing that she does not truly love him and he does not belong in her life. Anne reacts "wildly", "miserably" and "desperately" to his proposal.[37] Anne quotes from a poem by Tennyson: "Love in sequel works with Fate, and draws the veil from hidden worth".[38]

text: After graduating from Redmond College with a B.A., Anne, now 22, returns to Avonlea and finds that life has moved on—her childhood friend Jane marries a millionaire, and her best friend Diana Barry (now Diana Wright) has given birth to her firstborn. Anne still does not believe she is in love with Gilbert, but she is disappointed at the end of their friendship, and confused over her reaction to gossip that he is in love with Christine Stuart, a fellow Redmond student.

text: Engagement to Gilbert[edit]

text: Upon her return to Avonlea after staying with her friends Paul, Stephen, and Lavendar Irving at Echo Lodge, Anne learns that Gilbert is deathly ill with typhoid fever. Anne holds vigil in her room at Green Gables the night Gilbert's fever breaks, realizing then that she had always loved him, only when faced with the prospect of losing him. Once Gilbert recovers from his illness, he proposes again to Anne, and she accepts. Gilbert offers her an autumnal fantasy "of a home with a hearth-fire in it, a cat and a dog, the footsteps of friends -- and you!".[36] It is explained that Christine had been engaged to someone else all along and Gilbert was only being friendly, having been asked by Christine's brother to watch over her. Anne's friend Phil Blake had written Gilbert, telling him to "try again", and he rapidly recovered after that, and took her advice. Anne and Gilbert once again walk in the "haunted meadows" as "king and queen in the bridal realm of love".[32]

text: Their engagement lasts for three years. Her engagement ring is noted to be a circlet of pearls rather than a diamond, a stone which Anne said always disappointed her because it wasn't the lovely purple she had dreamed of. Anne resumes her teaching career in the Island's second-largest town, Summerside, while Gilbert completes his three-year medical school course. During this time, Anne interacts with various eccentrics at both work and around the town.[39] Significantly, Anne rises up to become the principal of the Summerside school, making her an equal with Gilbert.[40] While working as a principal, Anne has to deal with a difficult fellow teacher Katherine Brooke who goes out of her way to be rude to her.[41] Brooke openly envies Anne's ability to have a jolie vie, and tries to drag her down at every chance.[42] A mature Anne has now risen above her youthful "scrapes" and is motivated by a desire to help others, realizing that Brooke's nastiness is due to her own low self-esteem, and helps find a job that better suits her than teaching.[43]

text: Marriage and motherhood[edit]

text: Anne and Gilbert finally marry at Green Gables, the house Anne grew up in, and move to the village of Four Winds, P.E.I. There, they take up residence in a small house Anne dubs the "House of Dreams", and Gilbert takes over his uncle's medical practice in the nearby town of Glen St. Mary. Anne praises her "house of dreams" as "like a creamy seashell stranded on the harbor shore", which is surrounded by fir trees "enfolding secrets" while the lane leading to the house is full of blossoming trees.[44] The house looks up to a harbor on one side and a shining brook in the valley below.[45] Anne's major problem at the House of Dreams is helping her neighbor Leslie Moore, whose husband was left with brain damage after an accident, and who is as emotionally damaged as her husband is brain-damaged.[46]

text: Anne's first two children (one of whom dies in infancy) are born in the House of Dreams, before Anne and Gilbert and their growing family reluctantly move to larger quarters. In a moment of theological reflection, Anne questions if the death of her child is the "will of God", using phrases exploring the theodical question of death and pain in a universe presided by a just God that are identical to those Montgomery used in her diary after her second son was stillborn.[47] After Anne's loss, she and Leslie bond as the two women share their stories of pain as they "talk it out", leading them to hold hands and declare: "We are both women-and friends forever".[48] Anne and Gilbert live the rest of their lives in Glen St. Mary, in a large house they name Ingleside. They have a total of seven children between approximately 1895-1900: Joyce (or "Joy") (who dies very soon after her birth at the House of Dreams), James Matthew ("Jem"), Walter Cuthbert, twin girls Diana ("Di") and Anne ("Nan"), Shirley (the youngest son), and Bertha Marilla ("Rilla"). Anne is quite ill after the births of both Joyce and Shirley, but recovers both times. A major problem for Anne merges when Gilbert's obnoxious Aunt Mary Maria visits and refuses to leave, tormenting Anne in various ways.[49]

text: Anne's children enjoy a happy, even idyllic childhood, spending much of their time playing and adventuring in a nearby hollow they name Rainbow Valley. Anne is a permissive mother who is never stern with her children and plays hide-and-seek with them and other children in the cenetery.[50] When the local Presbyterian minister objects, Anne replies: "Why did they ever build that manse beside the graveyard in the first place?".[51] Anne's children are often bullied by nasty children, requiring their mother to provide with much consolation.[52] When Shirley reads about the theory of a Jocasta complex in one of her husband's medical journals together with a warning about mothers kissing their children, she says: "A man of course! No woman would ever write anything so silly and wicked".[53] At one point, Anne tries to resume her writing career, publishing very poetical obituary for a neighbor that is mocked as an "obitchery" by an ignorant, rude newspaper editor, through it is well received by everyone else.[54] Anne herself has a comfortable life, with a live-in maid (Susan Baker) who effectively runs the household and is also Shirley's primary caregiver after Anne falls ill giving birth to him. Upon recovering, Anne says: "I find I go on living".[55] After Anne recovers, she is involved in various ladies' committees in town, and travels to Europe with Gilbert for an extended tour of the continent at one point, circa 1906.

text: But the spectre of World War I changes things, and all three Blythe boys (as well as the fiancés of Nan and Rilla) eventually volunteer to fight in the war. The Blythe family, which follows the war closely, soon becomes familiar with far-away places such as Calais, Mons, Lodz, Ypres, Belgrade, Amiens, Prezemysl, Gallipoli, Antwerp and Kut al Amara.[56] The sensitive and poetic Walter, the second of Anne's sons to volunteer, is killed at Courcelette in 1916. Jem is listed as missing at the war's conclusion, but after an agonizing five months, eventually emerges alive, having escaped from a POW camp. Montgomery knew John McCrae, the author of the poem In Flanders Fields, and she modeled Walter partly on him.[57]

text: Anne the grandmother[edit]

text: Anne's final appearance occurs in the collection The Blythes Are Quoted. In this work, which is somewhat darker in tone than the previous Anne books, we see brief glimpses of Anne in a number of short stories that are primarily about other inhabitants of Glen St. Mary, and are set from the pre-World War I era through to the beginning of World War II. The book also features a number of poems, which are separately credited to Anne and her son Walter (plus one that was started by Walter and completed by Anne after his death).

text: We last see an older and wiser Anne, now in her mid-seventies, in the early days of World War II. "Mrs. Dr. Blythe", as she is often referred to, is a well-known, oft-discussed figure in Glen St. Mary, who is loved by some, though other residents express small-minded jealousy or envy of both Anne and her family. While Anne has mellowed from the days of her youth, she and Gilbert still engage in sly, good-natured teasing of each other. She has continued to indulge in her love of matchmaking, and also writes poetry. She is still married to Gilbert and is now a grandmother to at least five, three of whom are old enough to be enlist to fight in the war: Jem's sons Jem, Jr. and Walter, and Rilla's son Gilbert. Also mentioned are Nan's daughter Di, and a granddaughter named "Anne Blythe", who might be either Jem or Shirley's child.

text: Though Anne gives up writing short stories shortly after becoming a mother, she continues to write poems throughout her life. These poems are regularly shared with the rest of the family, who offer comments, criticism and encouragement. Anne's later work expressed deep difficulties with coming to terms with Walter's demise, and with the idea of war; several characters comment that neither Anne nor Gilbert were ever quite the same after Walter's death. Still, the couple are utterly devoted to each other and their family, and as the saga concludes, circa 1940, the Blythes remain pillars of their community who have enjoyed a 50-year marriage.

text: Books[edit]

text: In addition to Anne of Green Gables (1908), Anne is the central character of subsequent novels written by Montgomery: Anne of Avonlea (1909), Anne of the Island (1915), Anne's House of Dreams (1917), Anne of Windy Poplars (1936; UK title Anne of Windy Willows), and Anne of Ingleside (1939). Other books in the Anne series include Rainbow Valley (1919), which focuses on Anne's children during their childhood, and Rilla of Ingleside (1921), which focuses on Anne's youngest daughter during World War I.

text: Anne also appears and is mentioned in Chronicles of Avonlea and Further Chronicles of Avonlea, though the bulk of the stories in these volumes are about other characters. In The Blythes Are Quoted (published in an abridged format as The Road to Yesterday and in a restored, unabridged edition in 2009), Anne is a peripheral character as a grandmother with several grandchildren, at least three of whom are preparing to enlist in the Canadian army during the opening days of World War II. These were among the last stories Montgomery wrote before her death in 1942.

text: Anne Shirley also appears in Budge Wilson's Before Green Gables, a prequel to Anne of Green Gables authorized by the heirs of L.M. Montgomery. Based on background information from the original series, the book tells of the first 11 years of Anne Shirley's childhood, beginning with the brief happiness of Bertha and Walter Shirley's marriage before their early deaths.

text: Film and television[edit]

text: The first filmed appearance of Anne Shirley was in the 1919 silent film, Anne of Green Gables, in which the role was played by Mary Miles Minter. The film was directed by William Desmond Taylor. As of 2011, no prints of this silent film adaptation are known to survive. The 1919 film version moved the story from Prince Edward Island to New England, which one American critic -- who was unaware of the novel was set in Canada -- praised the film for "the genuine New England atmosphere called for by the story".[58] Montgomery herself was infuriated with the film for changing Anne from a Canadian to an American, writing in her diary:

text: "It was a pretty little play well photographed, but I think if I hadn't already known it was from my book, that I would never had recognized it. The landscape and folks were 'New England', never P.E Island...A skunk and an American flag were introduced-both equally unknown in PE Island. I could have shrieked with rage over the latter. Such crass, blatant Yankeeism!".[58]

text: Montgomery disapproved of Minter's performance, writing she had portrayed "a sweet, sugary heroine utterly unlike my gingerly Anne", and complained about a scene where Shirley waved about a shotgun as something as her Anne would never do.[59]

text: In the 1934 adaption of Anne of Green Gables, Anne Shirley was portrayed by Dawn O'Day, who later adopted the character's name as her own stage name. She reprised the role in Anne of Windy Poplars, a 1940 film adaption. Montgomery liked the 1934 film more than the 1919 film, not least because now the book's dialogue could be portrayed on the silver screen and that two scenes were filmed on location in Prince Edward Island (though the rest of the film was shot in California), but still charged that neither the 1919 nor 1934 versions of Anne of Green Gables quite got her book right.[60] Writing about the 1934 version of Anne of Green Gables, Montgomery wrote in her diary that it was a "thousand times" better than the 1919 version, but still it: "was so entirely different from my vision of the scenes and the people that it did not seem like my book at all".[59] The British scholar Faye Hammill wrote that 1934 film version stripped Anne of the "Canadian and feminist" aspects that the Anne of the books possessed, stating that there was something about Anne that Hollywood cannot get right.[60] Hammill observed that the idea that Anne was entirely cheerful is a product of the film and television versions as the Anne of the books has to deal with loss, rejection, cruel authority figures, and loneliness.[60]

text: Anne was portrayed by Kim Braden in two BBC mini-series in the early 1970s, based upon the books Anne of Green Gables and Anne of Avonlea.

text: Anne was portrayed by Megan Follows in three of the four CBC Television film adaptions by Kevin Sullivan: Anne of Green Gables, Anne of Green Gables: The Sequel, and Anne of Green Gables: The Continuing Story; the third film is an original story not based on any of Montgomery's work (and, indeed, it contradicts the chronology of the novels by featuring a 20-something Anne during World War I). Sullivan's fourth film, Anne of Green Gables: A New Beginning, features Barbara Hershey as a middle-aged Anne looking back on her early years and Hannah Endicott-Douglas as a young Anne before arriving at Green Gables.

text: In 1979, Japan's World Masterpiece Theater produced Akage no Anne. Later, in 2009, the prequel novel Before Green Gables was adapted into an anime, Kon'nichiwa Anne: Before Green Gables, in which Anne also appears as the central character.

text: In 2005, Sullivan produced an animated reimagining of the story, Anne: Journey to Green Gables, with McKenzie Sullivan providing the voice of Anne.

text: In 2016, a 90-minute movie was made (L.M. Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables) with Ella Ballentine as Anne Shirley, Sara Botsford as Marilla Cuthbert, and Martin Sheen as Matthew Cuthbert. This was followed by sequels in 2017, entitled Anne of Green Gables: The Good Stars and Anne of Green Gables: Fire & Dew.

text: Anne was portrayed by Amybeth McNulty in the 2017 CBC and Netflix series Anne with an E which was produced as Netflix Original Series.

text: Reception and legacy[edit]

text: Lennie Goodings, a publisher for Virago Press, chose Anne as her favorite fictional character, stating, "The feisty, funny and above all unabashedly passionate Anne of Green Gables...[she] faces the world with absolutely nothing but the sheer force of her personality. I love her."[61] Actress Christina Hendricks cites the character as the reason for dyeing her naturally blonde hair red since the age of 10.[62]

text: The British scholar Faye Hammill observed that such is the popularity of Shirley that she has overshadowed her creator, L.M Montgomery as license plates in Prince Edward Island bear the slogan "P.E.I Home of Anne of Green Gables" rather than "P.E.I Birthplace of L.M Montgomery".[63] The actress Mary Miles Minter played Shirley in the 1919 film adaption of Anne of Green Gables later had her career ruined when the film director William Desmond Taylor was murdered in 1922, and her name came up as a suspect, through she was never charged.[63] When Minter attempted a comeback as an advice columnist later in the 1920s, she used the pen-name Anne Shirley in an attempt to restore her wholesome image, which had been ruined by the Taylor murder scandal.[63] The actress Dawn O'Day who played Shirley in the 1934 film adaption of Anne of Green Gables liked the character so much she legally changed her name to Anne Shirley.[63] Montgomery during her youth had experiences of what she called "the flash"-moments of quiet contemplation of the beauty of nature when she was walking alone that gave her emotional ecstasy and what she regarded as the awareness of a higher spiritual power running through nature and her.[64] Despite Montgomery's claim that Shirley was not autobiographical, the moments when Shirley experienced moments of a mystical communion with nature are almost word for word the same as Montgomery's descriptions of "the flash" in her diary.[63]

text: Much of the appeal of the Anne books was due to increased urbanization and industrialization in the early 20th century, which led many people to look back nostalgically to a romanticized rural idyll where people still lived the "simple life", which was how precisely how publishers marketed the Anne books at the time.[65] In Canada itself, many intellectuals tended to see modernity as a threatening phenomenon, and in turn linked the more unpleasant aspects of modernity to the United States, which was viewed at the time as a rapacious, bullying nation intent upon devouring its neighbors.[65] Much of the appeal of the character of Anne to Canadian critics at the time was as a symbol of the wholesome, friendly quality of Canadian life, where people still retained traditional values, unlike American writers with their obsession with violence and sex in stories set in a depersonalized urban environment.[66] Hammill observed that when some of the younger Canadian writers in the 1920s-30 attempted to ape American writers with unpleasant "realistic" stories focusing on sex and violence in the cities, they were denounced by the critics for their "American" stories with the obvious implication that such stories were not "Canadian".[58] As urbanization gathered pace in the early 20th century, "regional literature" depicting life in rural regions gained popularity in the English-speaking world, and in the United States, Canadian literature was seen as a type of "regional literature" as Canada with its vast tracts of forests and farmland together with its British heritage, where the people were proud to be part of the British empire, which gave Canada a rather quaint image in the United States as a backward, rustic place, where the traditional values lived on.[58] Having won their independence in the Revolutionary War, for Americans in the early 20th century it was almost incomprehensible that people in English-Canada should want to be part of the British empire, which gave Canada the image of a very conservative society in the United States in this era.[58] Given these views of Canada, many Americans were inclined to share the Canadian view of Shirley as an iconic symbol of Canada.[58]

text: Brennan wrote the Anne books are determinedly Anglo-Canadian as French-Canadians hardly ever appear in the books.[67] Brennan wrote: "Anne's dreams knew more of Tennyson's Camelot than of the rich culture of New France, of its voyageurs, its habitants, of heroines such as Maria Chaddelaine who appeared in Canadian letters (thanks to a young wander from France) when Montgomery's Anne had already firmly settled in home and motherhood. Avonlea was not Péribonka. Yet an artist in words-and Montgomery was that-should not be held at fault for silence about a culture so unlike her own".[67] Brennan noted that the Anne books reflected the "quiet conservative society" that was Prince Edward Island in the Victorian age with the characters being Protestants of English and/or Scottish extraction, and Anne supporting the Conservatives "simply because her beloved Matthew voted Conservative".[67]

text: In 1912, Anne of Green Gables was translated into Polish and published in a pirate edition in Warsaw with the book being credited to "Anne Montgomery".[68] The book was extremely popular in Poland and during the Second World War, the Armia Krajowa resistance group issued editions of the book to remind its members what they were fighting for.[68] For a time, Anne of Green Gables was banned in Communist Poland, and the book circulated in samizdat editions as Anne was seen as a symbol of individualism and an unwillingness to submit to authority, making her a popular heroine for those struggling against the Communist dictatorship. The Canadian scholar Mary Henley Rubio mentioned visiting Warsaw in 1984, where she saw a version of Anne of Green Gables being performed in a local theater, and that when the audience learned she was from Canada, she found herself mobbed by the audience who all wanted her autograph as she came from the same land as their beloved Anne.[69]

text: Akage no An (Red Haired Anne), as Shirley is known in Japan, is an extremely popular cultural icon in that country. From the time of the Meiji Restoration until 1945, the Japanese educational system (which was run jointly by the Army and Navy ministries) was designed to indoctrinate the students into Bushido ("the way of the warrior") as the fierce warrior code of the Samurai is called as the purpose of schools in Japan from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II was to train the boys to be soldiers. The Japanese educational system unabashedly glorified war as the highest form of human activity and the idea that the Emperor of Japan was a living god, with the boys being taught it was the greatest honor to die for the Emperor while the girls were taught it was the greatest honor to have sons to die for the Emperor. Alongside the militarism of the educational system went a mood of marked xenophobia and outright racism with Japanese teachers during World War II telling their students that the Anglo-American "white devils" were cannibals whose favorite food was Asians.[70] As part of the educational reforms during the American occupation (1945-52), it was decided that Japanese students needed something somewhat less militaristic and xenophobic to read than texts glorifying Bushido and Anne of Green Gables was made mandatory reading in Japanese schools in 1952.[71] Additionally, as part of the educational reforms in Japan, there was an effort to reduce the previous rampant xenophobia that characterized Japanese teaching until 1945, and it was felt the wholesome, loveable character of Shirley would provide Japanese students with an example of how people in the West were not "white devils" as their government had told them during the war.[71] As there were many orphans left over from World War II in 1952 Japan, the character of Shirley instantly caught on in Japan and has been one of the most loved characters in Japan since that time.[72] Much of the appeal of Akage no An lies in her ability to rise above any situation due to her pluck and her willingness to challenge “that most formidable of Japanese dragons, the bossy older matron.”[73]

text: Shirley is so popular in Japan that there is The Anne Academy in Fukuoka that teaches girls how to speak English with a Maritime accent while in Okayama there is The School of Green Gables, a nursing school that teaches young women how to behave like Shirley.[72] Hanako Muraoka, the Japanese woman who translated Anne of Green Gables into Japanese, has become a celebrity in her own right solely for translating the book, and in 2014 NHK aired a television mini-series titled Hanako to Anne about Muraoka's life and her struggle to get Anne of Green Gables translated and published in Japan.[74] Hanako to Anne which aired between March-September 2014 was a great rating success, getting an average of 22% viewership in the Kanto region (the most populous part of Japan), and caused a doubling of Japanese tourists to Prince Edward island.[75] The series, which starred Yuriko Yoshitaka as Muraoka, suggested that there were many parallels between Muraoka's life and Anne's, and thus was a sort of retelling of Anne's life in the late Meiji, Taishō and early Shōwa periods of Japanese history. In 1993, a theme park called Canadian World opened in Hokkaido whose most popular attraction was a reproduction of Green Gables.[74] In 2010, the Globe and Mail wrote: "It could almost be declared that Anne's true home isn't rural Prince Edward Island any more. It's Japan, where Lucy Maud Montgomery's tale of Anne and her pigtailed innocence remains so popular that it has become ingrained in the national consciousness since the book's original Japanese translation as Red-Haired Anne in 1952."[76] In 2014, the Japanese diplomat Eiji Yamamoto told a journalist from the Toronto Star: "Even though she's an orphan, Anne is a free spirit, she says anything she wants. In the years after World War II, the Japanese people were poor. There were many orphans. And people had lost hope. They were anxious. Anne is an optimist. She helped people get courage."[77]

text: The Canadian scholar Janice Kulyk Keefer noted the character of Shirley as depicted in film and television is sanitised compared to the book, writing:

text: "Death, the bloody laws of nature, the tyranny of adults, violence-all poison the sweetness of...Arcadia. And yet the idyllic vision is undercut by what we might call call 'meta-idylls', realized through the forces of magic, fantasy, mass-cultural cliche and language itself. Together, 'menace' and 'meta-idyll' produce subversive subtexts to each idyll".[60]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b Landlaw, Jeffery "The Story of a Classic with replies" from The American Scholar, Volume 64, Issue 3, Summer 1995 page 478.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Brennan, Joseph Gerard "The Story of a Classic: Anne and After" pages 247-256 from The American Scholar, Spring 1995 page 249.
^ Jump up to: a b c Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 15.
Jump up ^ Rubio, Mary Henley Lucy Maud Montgomery The Gift of Wings, Toronto: Doubleday, 2008 page 120.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 16.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 14.
Jump up ^ Brennan, Joseph Gerard "The Story of a Classic: Anne and After" pages 247-256 from The American Scholar, Spring 1995 page 250
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 13.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 13.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 14.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 15.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 16.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 16.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 17.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 17.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 17.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 20.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 23.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 24.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 20.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 26.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 26.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 pages 26-27.
Jump up ^ "A room of their own". Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Jump up ^ "Anne Goes to College - Anne of Green Gables". 21 July 2010. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 28.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 75.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 73.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 pages 74-75.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 75.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 74.
^ Jump up to: a b c Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 70.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 72.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 70.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 70.
^ Jump up to: a b Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 72.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 70.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 69.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 191.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 192.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 194.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 194
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 194
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 78.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 78.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 79.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 80.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 81.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 pages 209-201.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 87.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 88.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 212.
Jump up ^ Brennan, Joseph Gerard "The Story of a Classic: Anne and After" pages 247-256 from The American Scholar, Spring 1995 page 255.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 211.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 81.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 105.
Jump up ^ Waterson, Elizabeth Magic Island, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008 page 108.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Hammill, Faye "'A new and exceedingly brilliant star': L. M. Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables, and Mary Miles Minter" pages 652-670 from The Modern Language Review, Volume 101, Issue # 3, July 2006 page 666.
^ Jump up to: a b Hammill, Faye "'A new and exceedingly brilliant star': L. M. Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables, and Mary Miles Minter" pages 652-670 from The Modern Language Review, Volume 101, Issue # 3, July 2006 page 667.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Hammill, Faye "'A new and exceedingly brilliant star': L. M. Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables, and Mary Miles Minter" pages 652-670 from The Modern Language Review, Volume 101, Issue # 3, July 2006 page 668.
Jump up ^ Goodings, Lennie (3 March 2005). "The 100 favourite fictional characters...as chosen by 100 literary luminaries". The Independent. Retrieved 19 March 2011.
Jump up ^ "Christina Hendricks dyed hair red at age 10". 12 March 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Hammill, Faye "'A new and exceedingly brilliant star': L. M. Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables, and Mary Miles Minter" pages 652-670 from The Modern Language Review, Volume 101, Issue # 3, July 2006 page 652.
Jump up ^ Brennan, Joseph Gerard "The Story of a Classic: Anne and After" pages 247-256 from The American Scholar, Spring 1995 page 252.
^ Jump up to: a b Hammill, Faye "'A new and exceedingly brilliant star': L. M. Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables, and Mary Miles Minter" pages 652-670 from The Modern Language Review, Volume 101, Issue # 3, July 2006 page 665.
Jump up ^ Hammill, Faye "'A new and exceedingly brilliant star': L. M. Montgomery, Anne of Green Gables, and Mary Miles Minter" pages 652-670 from The Modern Language Review, Volume 101, Issue # 3, July 2006 pages 665-666.
^ Jump up to: a b c Brennan, Joseph Gerard "The Story of a Classic: Anne and After" pages 247-256 from The American Scholar, Spring 1995 page 251.
^ Jump up to: a b Rodriguez McRobbie, Linda (1 April 2015). "10 Things You Might Not Know About Anne of Green Gables". Mental Floss. Retrieved 2017-04-21.
Jump up ^ Rubio, Mary Henely Lucy Maud Montgomery, Toronto: Doubleday, 2008 page 7.
Jump up ^ Dower, John War without mercy: race and power in the Pacific War, New York: Pantheon, 1993 pages 244-248.
^ Jump up to: a b "Montgomery's Impact Globally". Picturing A Canadian Life: L.M. Montgomery's Scrapbooks and Covers. 2002. Retrieved 2017-04-21.
^ Jump up to: a b Krauss, Clifford (17 June 2003). "Cavendish Journal; Annes of Japan Come Dreaming of Green Gables". The New York Times. Retrieved 2017-04-21.
Jump up ^ Curtis, Wayne (October 2008). "Land of Green Gables". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2017-04-21.
^ Jump up to: a b Dawes, Terry (5 May 2014). "Why Anne of Green Gables Is Big in Japan". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2017-04-21.
Jump up ^ "'Anne of Green Gables' NHK drama steers tourists to Canada's Prince Edward Island". Japan Times. 30 December 2014. Retrieved 2017-04-21.
Jump up ^ Dixon, Guy (1 December 2010). "Anne of Green Gables' eternal life in Japan". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2017-04-21.
Jump up ^ Westhead, Rick (12 May 2014). "A TV series in Japan rekindles a nation's love for Anne of Green Gables". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 2017-04-21.

tag: ol


document_title: List of European countries by population

question_text: which is the most populated country in europe

root

text: Table[edit]

text:
Rank[1]
Country
(or dependent territory)
January 1, 2018
projection[2]
% of
pop.
Average
relative
annual
growth
(%)[3]
Average
absolute
annual
growth
[4]
Estimated
doubling
time
(Years)[5]
Official
figure
(where
available)
Date of
last figure
Source
Regional grouping

1
 Russia[6]
143,964,709
17.15
0.19
294,285
368
146,839,993
January 1, 2017
[1]
EAEU

2
 Turkey
82,835,090
9.50
1.34
1,035,000
52
77,695,904
December 31, 2016
Official estimate

3
 Germany
82,293,457
9.87
1.20
600,000
90
82,800,000
December 30, 2016
Official estimate
EU

4
 France[7][Note 1]
65,233,271
7.97
0.39
261,022
177
66,991,000
March 1, 2017
[2]
EU

5
 United Kingdom
65,110,276
7.75
0.75
484,000
92
66,573,504
December 30, 2016
Official estimate
EU

6
 Italy
59,320,118
7.21
0.49
298,000
141
60,788,845
January 1, 2017
Monthly official estimate
EU

7
 Spain
46,397,452
5.53
-0.06
-28,000
-
46,449,565
January 1, 2015
Official estimate
EU

8
 Ukraine[8]
44,009,214
5.10
-0.32
-136,000
-
42,726,067
March 1, 2015
Monthly official estimate

9
 Poland
38,104,832
4.58
0.05
20,000
1,334
38,484,000
December 31, 2014
Official estimate
EU

10
 Romania
19,622,000
2.36
-0.41
-81,000
-
19,942,642
January 1, 2014
Official estimate
EU

11
 Netherlands
17,084,459
2.02
0.37
62,000
189
17,109,500
February 20, 2018
Official population clock
EU

12
 Belgium
11,469,204
1.34
0.52
58,000
134
11,370,968
August 1, 2017
Monthly official estimate
EU

13
 Greece
11,142,161
1.28
0.16
-12,000
-
10,816,286
May 24, 2011
Final 2011 census result
EU

14
 Czech Republic
10,625,250
1.25
-0.06
-6,000
-
10,588,063
July 30, 2017
Official estimate
EU

15
 Portugal
10,291,196
1.23
-0.56
-58,000
-
10,309,573
December 31, 2016
Official estimate
EU

16
 Sweden
9,952,186
1.17
1.03
100,000
68
10,081,396
August 31, 2017
Official estimate
EU

17
 Hungary
9,702,671
1.17
-0.28
-28,000
-
9,849,000
December 31, 2014
Official estimate
EU

18
 Azerbaijan
9,923,914
1.15
1.23
117,000
57
9,810,000
January 1, 2017
Official estimate

19
 Belarus
9,452,113
1.13
0.00
0
-
9,481,100
April 1, 2015
Official estimate
EAEU

20
 Serbia
8,762,027
0.85
-0.41
-29,000
-
7,146,759
January 1, 2014
Official estimate

21
 Austria
8,751,820
1.02
0.67
57,000
104
8,794,267
July 1, 2018
Official estimate
EU

22
  Switzerland
8,544,034
0.98
0.87
71,000
80
8,211,700
September 30, 2014
Official estimate
EFTA

23
 Bulgaria
7,036,848
0.86
-0.57
-41,000
-
7,245,677
December 31, 2013
Official estimate
EU

24
 Denmark
5,745,547
0.68
0.48
27,000
145
5,659,715
January 1, 2015
Official estimate
EU

25
 Finland
5,475,000
0.65
0.11
6,000
632
5,473,465
March 31, 2015
Monthly official estimate
EU

26
 Slovakia
5,426,000
0.65
0.13
7,000
537
5,415,949
September 30, 2014
Official estimate
EU

27
 Norway
5,194,000
0.62
1.11
57,000
63
5,165,802
January 1, 2015
Official estimate
EFTA

28
 Ireland
4,630,000
0.55
0.35
16,000
200
4,761,865
April 2016
Preliminary 2016 census result
EU

29
 Croatia
4,230,000
0.50
-0.31
-13,000
-
4,267,558
July 1, 2012
Official estimate
EU

30
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
3,750,000
0.45
-0.64
-24,000
-
3,791,622
October 1, 2013
Preliminary 2013 census result

31
 Georgia
3,707,000
0.44
-1.23
-46,000
-
3,729,500
January 1, 2015
Official estimate

32
 Moldova
3,564,000
0.42
0.48
17,000
145
3,555,200
January 1, 2015
Official estimate

33
 Armenia
3,010,000
0.36
-0.03
-1,000
-
3,010,600
December 31, 2014
Monthly official estimate
EAEU

34
 Lithuania
2,906,000
0.35
-0.85
-25,000
-
2,912,566
April 1, 2015
Monthly official estimate
EU

35
 Albania
2,887,000
0.34
-0.41
-12,000
-
2,893,005
January 1, 2015
Official estimate

36
 Macedonia
2,071,000
0.25
0.15
3,000
478
2,069,172
December 31, 2014
Official estimate

37
 Slovenia
2,065,000
0.25
0.15
3,000
477
2,062,731
October 1, 2014
Official estimate
EU

38
 Latvia
1,979,000
0.24
-0.90
-18,000
-
1,983,300
April 1, 2015
Monthly official estimate
EU

 Kosovo
1,867,000
0.22
1.08
20,000
64
1,815,606
December 31, 2012
Official estimate

39
 Estonia
1,315,000
0.16
0.46
6,000
152
1,315,635
January 1, 2017
Official estimate
EU

40
 Cyprus
876,000
0.10
0.46
4,000
151
865,900
December 31, 2012
Official estimate
EU

41
 Montenegro
620,000
0.07
0.00
0
-
620,029
April 1, 2011
2011 census result

42
 Luxembourg
570,000
0.07
2.52
14,000
28
562,958
December 31, 2014
Official estimate
EU

43
 Malta
425,000
0.05
0.47
2,000
147
417,432
November 20, 2011
2011 census result
EU

44
 Iceland
331,000
0.04
1.22
4,000
57
329,100
January 1, 2015
Official estimate
EFTA

 Jersey (UK)
103,000
0.01
0.98
1,000
71
97,857
March 27, 2011
2011 census result

 Isle of Man (UK)
89,000
0.01
1.14
1,000
61
84,497
March 27, 2011
2011 census result

45
 Andorra
78,000
0.01
1.30
1,000
54
76,949
2014
Official estimate

 Guernsey (UK)
66,000
0.01
1.54
1,000
45
65,150
March 31, 2014
Official estimate

 Faroe Islands (Denmark)
49,000
0.01
0.00
0
-
48,693
February 1, 2015
Monthly official estimate

46
 Liechtenstein
37,000
0.00
0.00
0
-
37,370
December 31, 2014
Official estimate
EFTA

47
 Monaco
37,000
0.00
0.00
0
-
36,950
December 31, 2013
Official estimate

 Gibraltar (UK)[9]
34,000
0.00
3.03
1,000
23
30,001
2012
Official estimate
EU

48
 San Marino
33,000
0.00
0.00
0
-
32,798
February 28, 2015
Monthly official estimate

 Åland Islands (Finland)
29,000
0.00
0.00
0
-
28,666
December 31, 2013
Official estimate
EU

 Svalbard (Norway)
3,000
0.00
0.00
0
-
2,575
July 1, 2014
Official estimate
EFTA

49
  Vatican City
451
0.00
0.00
0
-
0
2012
Official estimate

Total
840,023,805
100.00
0.33
2,746,307
210

tag: table


document_title: Sing (2016 American film)

question_text: who is mike's singing voice in sing

question_tokens: who is mike 's singing voice in sing

text: Sing (2016 American film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a world of anthropomorphic animals, koala bear Buster Moon owns a theater, having been interested in show business since his father took him to his first music show as a young child. Following financial problems brought up by the bank representative Judith, he tells his wealthy friend Eddie that he will host a singing competition with a prize of $1,000. But Buster's assistant, Miss Crawly, accidentally appends making the prize money to $100,000 and the promotional fliers showing $100,000 are blown out of Buster's office into the city streets.

tag: p

text: Animals from all around the city gather for auditions. Those selected include housewife and mother of 25 piglets Rosita; street musician mouse Mike; a gorilla named Johnny and the son of a mobster; and punk-rock porcupine Ash. Shy teenage elephant Meena fails her audition out of stage fright, while Ash's boyfriend Lance is dismissed from the contest. Rosita is paired with another contestant, an exuberant pig named Gunter, for a dance routine. Although Buster discovers the flyers show a prize of $100,000 (money he does not have), he remains optimistic. Buster convinces Eddie to arrange a visit with Eddie's grandmother, former opera singer and theater actress Nana Noodleman, to persuade her to sponsor the prize money. She is hesitant to contribute out of spite toward Buster but agrees to see a private screening of the show before making a decision.

text: Encouraged by her grandfather, Meena tries to ask Buster for another chance, but becomes his stage hand instead. When one of the acts quits, and another is injured, Meena is added as an act. The performers' individual problems begin to hinder rehearsals: Rosita flounders in her dance routine with Gunter, after having been distracted by her parenting duties that have fallen into disarray since her workaholic husband Norman won't help. After discovering Lance breaking up with her for not being around anymore and with a new girlfriend Becky and evicting them from her apartment, Ash is devastated and can no longer sing her assigned song, Carly Rae Jepsen's "Call Me Maybe." Johnny is torn between having to help his father as the driver of a getaway car in a heist and making the practices. When he tries to do both, he does not show up for the planned pickup in time and his father and his gang of mobsters are arrested, causing his dad to resent him. Meena does not get any help in overcoming her stage fright, and Mike, certain that the prize money is as good as his, buys a fancy car to impress a female mouse, but then swindles a group of bears in a card game at a nightclub.

text: The day of the screening, the bears interrupt the show, demanding the money from Mike, who in turn, points to Buster. The bears open the chest containing the prize money, but it is nowhere near $100,000. The glass tank full of bioluminescent squid that Buster got to light up the theater breaks under all their weight, flooding the theater, which then comes crashing down. With the lot repossessed by Judith, Buster, who had been living in his theater's office desk, takes up residence at Eddie's place (his parents' pool house). Although the contestants (except Mike, who saw Buster as a fraud) visit him and try to cheer him up, Buster is too despondent to listen to them. He tries to start over by opening a car wash, using the same bucket that his father had used to earn money for Buster's theater.

text: When Meena goes to the theater's rubble lot and sings Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah," Buster hears her and is inspired to reinstate the show without the prize money. They perform on a makeshift stage on the lot in front of Rosita and Meena's family members. As Rosita and Gunter perform Taylor Swift's "Shake It Off," more animals are attracted to the scene, as the show is broadcast on the news, and Norman finds himself attracted to his wife again. Johnny's rendition of Elton John's "I'm Still Standing" impresses his father, who then escapes from prison to reconcile with him. Despite an interruption by Judith, Ash sings her original rock song "Set It All Free," which causes Lance to finally notice her. Mike, despite initially refuse to perform, is goaded into returning and sings Frank Sinatra's "My Way." Meena finally overcomes her fears and sings Stevie Wonder's "Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing," which literally brings down the house.

text: The show becomes a success and impresses Nana, who was in the audience. Nana buys the lot and the theater is rebuilt and reopened.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Matthew McConaughey as Buster Moon, an optimistic koala who plans to save his theater from closure by holding a singing competition.[3][5]
Reese Witherspoon as Rosita, a pig who gave up her teenage music dreams to become a devoted wife to Norman, and mother to their 25 piglets.[5]
Seth MacFarlane as Mike, an arrogant street musician mouse with a big Frank Sinatra-esque voice.[5]
Scarlett Johansson as Ash, a teenage porcupine punk rocker who takes part in an alternative-rock music duo with her boyfriend Lance.[1][5]
Tori Kelly as Meena, a teenage elephant with an exquisite singing voice and severe stage fright.[5]
Taron Egerton as Johnny, a teenage gorilla who wants to sing, though his father would rather have him follow his criminal footsteps.[5]
Nick Kroll as Gunter, a passionate dancing pig who is partnered with Rosita for the show.[6][7]
John C. Reilly as Eddie Noodleman, a sheep and Buster's friend who doubts the future of the theater.[5][8]
Jennifer Saunders as Nana Noodleman, a sheep and Eddie's grandmother who was a singer in her glory days.[7][9]

Jennifer Hudson[1] as Young Nana

Garth Jennings as Miss Crawly, an elderly iguana with a glass eye who is Buster's administrative assistant.[1]
Peter Serafinowicz as Big Daddy, a gorilla gang leader who wants his son Johnny to follow in his crime business.[1]
Beck Bennett as Lance, a porcupine and Ash's boyfriend.[1]
Jay Pharoah[7] as Meena's grandfather who pressures her to overcome her stage fright.
Nick Offerman[7] as Norman, a pig and Rosita's husband.
Leslie Jones as Meena's mother
Rhea Perlman as Judith,[1][10] a brown llama from the bank who warns Buster that his theater will be repossessed if he does not pay.
Laraine Newman as Meena's grandmother
Adam Buxton as Stan, a gorilla who is a member of Big Daddy's gang.
Brad Morris as Baboon, whom Mike attacks for not donating more money to his street performances.
Bill Farmer as News Reporter Dog, who documents Buster's singing competition.

tag: ul

text: The voices of Rosita's piglet children were provided by Oscar, Leo, Caspar, and Asa Jennings, the children of Garth Jennings, the film's writer and director. Jennings had directors Edgar Wright and Wes Anderson provide "additional voices", continuing a tradition of the three friends appearing in each other's films.[11]

text: Production[edit]

text: In January 2014, it was announced that Garth Jennings would write and direct an animated comedy film for Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment, about "courage, competition and carrying a tune,"[12] which was originally titled Lunch,[13] and then retitled as Sing.[5]

text: On January 14, 2015, Matthew McConaughey was cast in the film's lead voice role.[3] Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy produced the film.[3] On June 17, 2015, it was confirmed that McConaughey's character is named Buster and that John C. Reilly would voice Eddie, a sheep and Buster's best friend.[8] In November 2015, it was announced that Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, Tori Kelly and Taron Egerton had joined the cast of the film.[5]

text: The film features 65 pop songs, the rights to which cost 15 percent of the film's $75 million budget.[14] The animation was created entirely in France by Illumination MacGuff.[15]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: A soundtrack album for the film was released on December 21, 2016.

text: Release[edit]

text: The almost complete[16] film was screened as a work in progress beginning September 11, 2016 at the Toronto International Film Festival.[17] Universal Studios released the film on December 21, 2016.[18]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Sing was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 21, 2017. It includes three short films: Gunter Babysits, Love at First Sight, and Eddie's Life Coach.[19]

text:
In Gunter Babysits, Gunter offers to watch over Rosita and Norman's piglets while they are away as he works to prove himself to be a good babysitter.
In Love at First Sight, Johnny sets Miss Crawly up with an online dating website where she manages to score a date with a lizard named Herman.
In Eddie's Life Coach, Eddie's mother sets Eddie up for a digital training seminar where he will be assigned to a dachshund named Garry "The Winner" Wishman.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Sing grossed $270.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $363.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $634.1 million, against a production budget of $75 million.[2] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $194.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenue for the film, making it the 7th most profitable release of 2016.[20]

text: In North America, the film opened alongside Passengers and Assassin's Creed, and was expected to gross around $70 million from 4,022 theaters over its first six days of release.[21] The film made $1.7 million during its Tuesday night previews.[22] It went on to gross $35.2 million in its opening weekend (a six-day total of $75.5 million), finishing second at the box office behind Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, which was in its second week.[23] Sing holds the record for being the highest-grossing film to never finish first at the North American box office, besting My Big Fat Greek Wedding ($241.4 million in 2002).[24]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On the aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 73% based on 168 reviews, and an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Sing delivers colorfully animated, cheerfully undemanding entertainment with a solid voice cast and a warm-hearted – albeit familiar – storyline that lives up to its title."[25] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[26] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[27]

text: Brian Truitt of USA Today gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars and wrote, "In a year full of talking-animal hits, Sing isn't quite as strong a number. It's a tale that might not be particularly thought-provoking but sure is toe-tapping."[28] In her review for the Los Angeles Times, Katie Walsh called Sing, "a cute movie with genuinely funny moments (keep an eye out for the koala car wash), and some great tunes to boot."[29] The Arizona Republic's Bill Goodykoontz was rather mixed about the movie in his review and overall said, "Sing is like an album with a good song here and there, but too much filler and not enough hits."[30] Reviewing the version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, Stefan Pape of the British website HeyUGuys gave the film a mixed review of 2/5, stating that "Garth Jennings's Sing effectively acknowledges early on that it's following a completely unoriginal formula, and yet carries on regardless."[31] While Peter Debruge of Variety, who also saw the film during the same festival, did not find the subplots to have any "profound life lessons," he overall praised Jennings' direction, the cast's voice performances and the film's silliness.[32]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

AARP Annual Movies for Grownups Awards
February 6, 2017
Best Movie for Grownups who Refuse to Grow Up
Sing
Nominated
[33]

Annie Awards
February 4, 2017
Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated Feature Production
Joby Talbot
[34]

Golden Globe Awards
January 8, 2017
Best Animated Feature Film
Sing
[35]

Best Original Song
"Faith" – Ryan Tedder, Stevie Wonder and Francis Farewell Starlite

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
November 17, 2016
Best Song – Animated Film
[36][37]

Best Soundtrack Album
Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Outstanding Music Supervision – Film
Jojo Villanueva
Won

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
March 11, 2017
Favorite Animated Movie
Sing
Nominated
[38]

Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie
Reese Witherspoon

Most Wanted Pet

Favorite Soundtrack
Sing

Saturn Awards
June 28, 2017
Best Animated Film
Nominated
[39]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Universal and Illumination have announced plans for a sequel, tentatively titled Sing 2, slated for December 25, 2020.[40]