document_title: Ballers

question_text: when is season 2 of ballers coming out

question_tokens: when is season 2 of ballers coming out

text: Ballers

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson as Spencer Strasmore, a retired NFL player turned financial manager[2]
Rob Corddry as Joe Krutel, a financial advisor at Anderson Financial who tries hard to fit in[2]
John David Washington as Ricky Jerret, a highly competitive and spiritual NFL player[2]
Omar Miller as Charles Greane, an affable former NFL player who is searching for his next career[2]
Donovan W. Carter as Vernon Littlefield, a deeply family-oriented NFL player[2]
Troy Garity as Jason Antolotti, a top-tier sports agent[2]
London Brown as Reggie, Vernon's childhood friend who handles his money
Jazmyn Simon as Julie Greane, wife of ex–NFL player Charles Greane[2]
Arielle Kebbel as Tracy Legette (season 2; recurring, season 1), a sportscaster for a local TV station who is intimately involved with Spencer[3]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Dulé Hill as Larry Siefert, the GM for the Miami Dolphins
Christopher McDonald as "Boss Man," an owner of the Dallas Cowboys
Anabelle Acosta as Annabella, girlfriend of Ricky Jerret[2]
Taylor Cole as Stephanie Michaels, an ESPN sideline reporter who is romantically involved with Spencer[2]
LeToya Luckett as Tina, widow to one of Spencer's closest friends[2]
Ella Thomas as Kara Cooley, Alonzo Cooley's Mother, and interior decorator to the pro athletes who is also involved with Ricky[2]
Antoine Harris as Alonzo Cooley, Ricky's passive-aggressive teammate
Taylour Paige as Theresa, Julie's sister
Sanai L. Johnson as Bey, daughter of Theresa
Richard Schiff as Brett Anderson, a.k.a. "The Old Man", owner of Anderson Financial Management
Clifton Collins, Jr. as Maximo Gomez, Angela Lee's lawyer
Angelina Assereto as Angela Lee, Maximo's client who was briefly involved with Spencer
Robert Wisdom as Dennis Jerret, Ricky's estranged father
Michael Cudlitz as Dan Balsamo, owner of Dan's Auto Collision and former Buffalo Bills running back who got hurt from Spencer's hard hit
Christine Allocca as Kerri Balsamo, Dan's wife
Carl McDowell as TTD, Ricky's pothead friend
Carmelo "Q" Oquendo as NFL Player
Stephanie Sandri as Herself, Jarrod Sandri's Wife
Terrell Suggs as himself
Jay Glazer as a fictional version of himself
Serinda Swan as Chloe Day, a smart hotel management executive[4]
Andy García as money management titan Andre Allen who has bad blood with Spencer
Steve Guttenberg as Wayne Hastings Jr.
Peter Berg as a fictional version of himself; Head Coach of the Miami Dolphins (seasons 1-3)

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
June 21, 2015 (2015-06-21)
August 23, 2015 (2015-08-23)

2
10
July 17, 2016 (2016-07-17)
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)

3
10
July 23, 2017 (2017-07-23)
September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)[5]

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
Peter Berg
Stephen Levinson
June 21, 2015 (2015-06-21)
2.16[6]

Former Miami Dolphins stand-out Spencer Strasmore and his friend Charles Greane must cope with the realities of life after football. Spencer starts working for a financial advisor, helping sign and mentor his younger friends still in the NFL, while Charles gets a job at a car dealership. Meanwhile, a mistake may cost Green Bay Packers wide receiver Ricky Jerret his roster spot when he's involved in an altercation at a nightclub.

2
2
"Raise Up"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly
June 28, 2015 (2015-06-28)
1.85[7]

Spencer struggles to sign Vernon Littlefield as a client when he clashes with his childhood friend Reggie who handles all his money. Meanwhile, Jason works to renegotiate a contract extension for Vernon with the Dallas Cowboys, but has difficulties. During practice with his new Dolphins team, Ricky discovers that a teammate is not only unfriendly with him but is wearing his number. Now a struggling car salesman, Charles begins to wonder if he retired too early.

3
3
"Move the Chains"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly
July 5, 2015 (2015-07-05)
1.70[8]

Spencer and Joe ask their boss, Mr. Anderson for permission to use his yacht to host a corporate event to entice potential clients. After a locker room prank goes too far, Ricky discovers the real reason his teammate, Alonzo, has it out for him. Charles grows bored with retirement and remembers his gridiron glory days. Meanwhile at the party, Spencer and Reggie's rivalry reaches a boiling point when he tries to ruin his hospitality by insulting Spencer's upbringing of being adopted.

4
4
"Heads Will Roll"
Julian Farino
Rob Weiss
July 12, 2015 (2015-07-12)
1.59[9]

In the aftermath of the corporate party, Joe struggles with a hangover and attempting to woo new clients on Mr. Anderson's yacht. Spencer is pressured to see a neurologist regarding his recurrent episodes from a TBI, while handling the conflict Reggie generates around Vernon's contract negotiations. Jason's dealings with the Dallas Cowboys bring in impressive figures that aren't enough for Reggie, and Vernon's inflated ego, and this puts Spencer on the line with their business and personal relationships. Also, Charles is bombarded by constant "sexting" from a woman he doesn't remember from the party.

5
5
"Machete Charge"
Seith Mann
Steve Sharlet
July 19, 2015 (2015-07-19)
1.64[10]

Spencer begrudgingly comes to Vernon's aid when he is targeted by a woman looking to blackmail him with some incriminating photos during the corporate event. However, her lawyer Maximo Gomez tells Joe his client wants a half million dollar pay-off. Meanwhile, Charles' marriage is on the rocks after Julie finds a picture of a nude woman on his cell phone, which he emailed to himself. On the advice of Annabella, Ricky tries to find common ground with Alonzo by taking him and his brothers to a strip club—his treat. But their spending gets out of hand and he comes up with a crazy plan to put a stop to it.

6
6
"Everything Is Everything"
John Fortenberry
Evan Reilly
July 26, 2015 (2015-07-26)
1.81[11]

Dealing with his own mental and financial problems, Spencer tries to balance Vernon and Ricky's issues, while Charles goes to Ricky's "funhouse" to escape the stress of his marriage. In order to drive Maximo's client, Angela Lee's price down, Joe negotiates with him on common ground at a horseracing track. Also, Ricky bears it all about the story behind his jersey number and his non-existent father during an interview with TV host Jay Glazer. Later, Spencer finally gives in to Tracy's concerns and gets an MRI.

7
7
"Ends"
Simon Cellan Jones
Rob Weiss
August 2, 2015 (2015-08-02)
1.56[12]

Spencer decides to take the hit for Vernon by offering up his own money to pay off Angela Lee into not releasing the photos. But when he and Joe meet Maximo to hand him the money, there's a catch. Life without Annabella is hard on Ricky, who flies off the handle in public again. Jason meets his mother's new young golfer boyfriend and thinks he is scamming her in order to represent him as his agent. Later, Spencer and Charles say goodbye to Rodney and spread his ashes onto his high school's football field.

8
8
"Gaslighting"
Simon Cellan Jones
Evan Reilly
August 9, 2015 (2015-08-09)
1.71[13]

Spencer must face up to his past with Angela Lee in order to save Vernon's future, and agrees to meet with her. Seeing the error of his promiscuous ways, Ricky tries to win back Bella, thinking a $400,000 "I'm sorry" ring will do it. Meanwhile, Charles puts his football skills to work at the car dealership when co-workers and customers bet he can't move an SUV in neutral. Also, Mr. Anderson gets a hold of the corporate event video and suspends Joe, who makes a permanent commitment to start his own financial firm.

9
9
"Head-On"
Julian Farino
Steve Sharlet
August 16, 2015 (2015-08-16)
1.57[14]

As Vernon's scandal gets cleared up, he learns about a negative incident involving Reggie. Joe reaches out to Mr. Anderson in vain and thinks he and Spencer should walk out on him. Spencer wrecks his car to try to make amends with a former player from his past. Ricky has a motivational video made for Charles, causing him to get back into football.

10
10
"Flamingos"
Julian Farino
Stephen Levinson & Evan Reilly
August 23, 2015 (2015-08-23)
1.40[15]

Spencer walks into his office finding his co-workers swarming, Joe's office destroyed (by Joe himself), and his office emptied. Spencer then is introduced to his new and considerably better office by Mr. Anderson. Mr. Anderson offers Spencer the lead role in the office's sports division, which has received a hefty 5 million dollar upgrade. Spencer feels odd because he doesn't want to turn on Joe but is given no choice but to accept. Vernon turns down the offer to his mega deal. Ricky's father approaches Ricky at camp. Spencer talks to Joe about Mr. Anderson firing Joe, and about running a company with him. Charles prepares for the new baby and gets called saying he will be a member of the Dolphins this season. Ricky talks to his father about life. Vernon is found by Spencer and Jason taking pictures of Flamingos where they talk about the deal Vernon did not want, but now gets excited about it and Spencer feels it's done. Spencer talks to Mr. Anderson about firing Joe. Charles witnesses the Dolphins camp entrance and gets sick. Ricky enters extravagantly. Spencer meets Joe in Coral Gables. Joe introduces Spencer many ideas of a new company involving the two. Spencer tells Joe he can't do it. Charles and Ricky enter camp as good teammates but are still unproven. Spencer tells Mr. Anderson he can't work with him without Joe. Spencer tells Joe about the meeting, Joe joins in with Spencer. Reggie apologizes to Spencer. Spencer, Joe, Vernon, Reggie, and Jason celebrate Vernon's contract.

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

11
1
"Face of the Franchise"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly
July 17, 2016 (2016-07-17)
1.59[16]

Convinced to appear on a talk show, Spencer ends up facing off with an old adversary, which puts his company and reputation in jeopardy. A reformed Ricky gets bad news in advance of his 30th birthday party. Charles relishes his new status as a fan favorite, but may face changes on the field.

12
2
"Enter the Temple"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly
July 24, 2016 (2016-07-24)
1.28[17]

Spencer makes a play to poach a big client from Andre, his business rival, while struggling to find a quick fix for his physical ailments. Ricky considers where to head to next. Reggie fights for what he believes Vernon owes him. Feeling underpaid and undervalued, Tracy takes a stand with her boss. Charles gets insights from his coach.

13
3
"Elidee"
Julian Farino
Steve Sharlet
July 31, 2016 (2016-07-31)
1.27[18]

Spencer advises a reluctant Vernon to stay quiet when the truth behind his injury threatens his career. Trying to stave off Andre's attacks on their business, Spencer and Joe butt heads over how best to advise a client. Charles worries whether he's up for a challenge. A hard-to-impress Ricky takes a trip to tour a potential new home.

14
4
"World of Hurt"
Julian Farino
Rob Weiss
August 7, 2016 (2016-08-07)
1.14[19]

Spencer and Joe search for Andre's weakness; Vernon anxiously awaits news; Jason woos a client; Ricky attempts to understand his father; Charles gets the truth from Siefert.

15
5
"Most Guys"
Simon Cellan Jones
Neena Beber & Evan Reilly
August 14, 2016 (2016-08-14)
1.21[20]

Spencer tries to mentor Travis while dodging unwelcome medical news; Reggie and How buy a wild gift in an attempt to cheer up Vernon; Ricky encourages Charles to stand up for himself.

16
6
"Saturdaze"
Simon Cellan Jones
Rob Weiss
August 21, 2016 (2016-08-21)
1.32[21]

Spencer tries to broker peace between Travis and a critic; Charles is forced to deliver bad news.

17
7
"Everybody Knows"
Simon Cellan Jones
Rashard Mendenhall & Zach Robbins
August 28, 2016 (2016-08-28)
1.01[22]

Andre's surprise visit to the office sends Spencer scrambling to stay one step ahead of his rival. Meanwhile, Joe learns some unsavory secrets about his partner; Ricky tries to make up with his dad; and Charles schemes to keep a friend nearby.

18
8
"Laying in the Weeds"
Simon Cellan Jones
Steve Sharlet
September 11, 2016 (2016-09-11)
0.87[23]

As Spencer tries to move forward, Joe works to keep things together. Charles and Ricky clash. Travis faces tough questions and worries about his prospects. At his Draft Day party, Spencer asks for help while trying to keep ASM's latest developments quiet.

19
9
"Million Bucks in a Bag"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly & Steve Sharlet
September 18, 2016 (2016-09-18)
1.00[24]

Spencer gets a surprising offer from Andre and asks Vernon for 5 million dollars; Ricky mulls where to put down roots; Vernon works overtime to return to the field; Charles and Julie clash over his busy schedule.

20
10
"Game Day"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly & Steve Sharlet
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
1.10[25]

Spencer makes a last-ditch effort to get back what he's lost. Ricky awaits a call that could define his future. Vernon takes a road trip. Siefert offers Charles a big opportunity, but it comes at a cost.

text: Season 3 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

21
1
"Seeds of Expansion"
Julian Farino
Rob Weiss
July 23, 2017 (2017-07-23)
2.48[26]

After a pickup basketball game between the guys, Ricky tells Spencer he's might be a father, but the woman isn't talking to him. Ricky later visits this woman, who's name is Amber, and make love after a brief fight. Amber reveals to Ricky she is pregnant. Back at the office, Spencer and Joe talk about how they're going to repay their debts by possibly signing Steph Curry, but those plans are put on hold because Mr. Anderson is having dinner with Wayne Hastings Jr. (Steve Guttenberg) instead, a far wealthier casino magnate in Las Vegas. Spencer agrees with Mr. Anderson that if Spencer can close Hastings, Anderson will close Curry. (It's assumed Spencer's registration was approved by Eddie George which propelled the firm to massive expansion, it's formally revealed in a later episode.) Spencer, pondering what Ricky said, visits a doctor and talks to her about his prospects of being a father. She recommends him to a doctor at a fertility clinic. Spencer goes to the clinic, but leaves because of other business, and reconnects with Joe. At the Dolphins front office, Charles learns Siefert fired their offensive coordinator, and Siefert forces Charles to hold the press conference, which doesn't go well until he's bailed out by Larry Csonka. At the dinner, Wayne and Spencer meet. Wayne is impressed by Spencer and the company when he talks about his humble beginnings in a toast. Wayne and Spencer eventually meet alone outside, and after being asked by Spencer, Wayne loves the idea of bringing a football team to Vegas.

22
2
"Bull Rush"
David Katzenberg
Evan Reilly
July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30)
2.58[27]

Joe gets a phone call from an angry Dallas Cowboys owner, and he learns Vernon and Reggie are involved with a weed company. Joe demands to speak to them, but is urged by Virginia to speak with Kisan Teague, a standout running back with off-field issues. Joe refuses until he learns Kisan is in the office, who demands a new agent. Joe puts him through to Jason. Joe eventually meets with Reggie. Joe says he knows a contact with a virtual reality company, but Reggie dismisses it because High Powered has already given him a return on investment. Reggie and Vernon then take a controversial photoshoot. Meanwhile, Charles gets tips from Julie about his press conference blunders. Charles gets tips from Jay Glazer about problems of being in the Dolphins front office. Ricky and Spencer arrive in Vegas. Spencer catches up with Cris Carter and Chloe, the latter being an old flame who now works for Wayne. Ricky and TTD go to the craps table and eventually play with Travis Scott and Carter. Ricky's early wins turn into massive losses ($2,000,000) when he doesn't walk away. Spencer plays golf with the mayor of Las Vegas, and reveals he's fond of the city because it's where he spent his offseasons working out and conditioning as a player. She likes his idea and passion, but says he will have trouble convincing a Councilman to sway the committee to fund the stadium with public money, so she arranges a dinner for them to meet. Spencer reconnects with Chloe and they have sex. Spencer then haves dinner with the Councilman, who dismisses Spencer by calling him a tourist. Spencer claims he'll show the Councilman a tourist, and texts Chloe. Joe tries to meet Kisan in a bad neighborhood and gets robbed. He then confronts Kisan, but Kisan takes him on a ride. Kisan knows the robber and confronts him in front of Jason. Jason respects Kisan and they agree to a partnership. Spencer takes the Councilman to the Motorcross event, where he's put on the Jumbotron. Spencer goes down on the field and entertains the fans by driving a monster truck, which he crashes. He gets out unscathed, and reveals his intentions to bring football to Vegas to the fans, to a roaring applause. The Councilman is convinced.

23
3
"In the Teeth"
David Katzenberg
Carter Harris
August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
2.28[28]

24
4
"Ride and Die"
David Katzenberg
Rob Weiss
August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)
2.48[29]

25
5
"Make Believe"
Chloe Domont
Evan Reilly
August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)
2.36[30]

26
6
"I Hate New York"
Millicent Shelton
Steve Sharlet
August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
2.85[31]

27
7
"Ricky-Leaks"
Rob Weiss
Rob Weiss
September 3, 2017 (2017-09-03)
0.99[32]

28
8
"Alley-Oops"
David Katzenberg
Rashard Mendenhall
September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
0.93[33]

29
9
"Crackback"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly & Steve Sharlet
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
0.93[34]

30
10
"Yay Area"[35]
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly
September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)
TBD

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series premiered in the U.S. on HBO on June 21, 2015,[6] in Canada on June 21, 2015 on HBO Canada, in the United Kingdom on September 8, 2015 on Sky Atlantic,[36] and in Australia on September 15, 2015 on Showcase.[37]

text: The second season premiered on July 17, 2016 and a third on July 23, 2017.[38][39] On August 8, 2017, HBO picked up Ballers for a fourth season, which is set to premiere in 2018.[40]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: The first season of Ballers received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes the season has a rating of 80%, based on 45 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Ballers may not be a game-changer, but it scores points with Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson, who brings charm and depth to the NFL version of Entourage."[41] On Metacritic, the season has a score of 65 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[42]

text: Season 2[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the season has a rating of 57%, based on 7 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10.[43] On Metacritic, the season has a score of 63 out of 100, based on 4 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[44]


document_title: Touchback

question_text: where is the ball placed after a touchback nfl

root

text: Touchback

text: American football[edit]

text: In standard outdoor American football, the team awarded the touchback receives possession of the ball at its own 25-yard line in college football, and the 25 yard-line for professional football, on kickoffs and free kicks after a safety as of the 2012 season. In arena football, and other indoor football games, a touchback results in the team awarded the touchback receiving the football at its own 3-yard line. This can result from any of the above events except for punting, which is not a part of arena football. (In arena football, a kicked ball usually bounces back into play off of the rebound nets, but the above can still occur when the ball lands in the slack nets behind the goalposts after a kickoff, passes under the rebound nets and out of play, or in the event of fumbles and interceptions.)

tag: p

text: On March 23, 2016, the NFL announced that it would award a touchback line at the 25-yard line instead of the previous 20-yard line and much discussion and analysis on the impact of this change has emerged.[2] This new rule will be re-evaluated after the 2016 NFL season.[3]

text: In college football, if a defensive player gains possession of the ball during a play between his own five-yard line and goal line and the player's original momentum carries him into the end zone, there is no touchback. Instead, the ball is dead at the point where possession changed. In the National Football League, this rule applies regardless of whether possession is gained inside the five-yard line.

text: In July 2016, the NCAA announced that it had approved the Ivy League to test an experimental kickoff rule in conference play in the 2016 season. Under this rule, kickoffs will be taken from the 40-yard line instead of the 35, and touchbacks will be marked at the 20-yard line instead of the 25. The rule will be re-evaluated in February 2017.[4]

text: Canadian football[edit]

text: In Canadian football the term touchback is not used. The failure to advance a kicked ball out of the goal area results in a single point being scored by the kickers, as well as possession by the receivers at their 35-yard line or at the point the ball was kicked from. A turn-over by fumble or interception in the defense's goal area results in a scrimmage on the 25-yard line with no points awarded.

text: Six- and eight-man football[edit]

text: For high schools which play six-man football and eight-man football on an 30-yard long field, a touchback is brought out to the 15-yard line.

text: Differences[edit]

text: A special rule applies in college football and the NFL with regard to field goal attempts. If a missed field goal occurs in these leagues, where the other team receives possession of the ball depends on the spot from which the ball has been kicked. In NCAA football, the ball will be placed either on the twenty or the line of scrimmage of the play in which the attempt was made; in the NFL, either the twenty or the place from which the ball was kicked. (In either case, the ball goes to the spot which is further from the goal line.) The purpose of this rule is to discourage low-percentage, long-range field goal attempts and to deemphasize the advantage which can accrue when only one team has a kicker who has a reasonable possibility of success from a great distance. In American high school football (except in Massachusetts and Texas, which use college football rules), the missed field goal, regardless of where attempted on the field, results in a touchback as long as the attempt breaks the plane of the goal line, and in arena football, the field goal is treated as if it were a punt.


document_title: Gospel of Luke

question_text: where does the book of luke take place

question_tokens: where does the book of luke take place

text: Gospel of Luke

text: Composition and setting[edit]

text: Textual history[edit]

text: Autographs (original copies) of Luke and the other Gospels have not been preserved, as is typical for ancient documents; the texts that survive are third-generation copies, with no two completely identical.[9] The earliest witnesses (the technical term for written manuscripts) for Luke's gospel fall into two "families" with considerable differences between them, the Western and the Alexandrian, and the dominant view is that the Western text represents a process of deliberate revision, as the variations seem to form specific patterns.[10] The oldest witness is a fragment dating from the late 2nd century, while the oldest complete texts are the 4th century Codex Sinaiticus and Vaticanus, both from the Alexandrian family; Codex Bezae, a 5th- or 6th-century Western text-type manuscript that contains Luke in Greek and Latin versions on facing pages, appears to have descended from an offshoot of the main manuscript tradition, departing from more familiar readings at many points.[11][Notes 1]

text: Luke-Acts: unity, authorship and date[edit]

text: The gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles make up a two-volume work which scholars call Luke–Acts.[12] Together they account for 27.5% of the New Testament, the largest contribution by a single author, providing the framework for both the Church's liturgical calendar and the historical outline into which later generations have fitted their idea of the story of Jesus.[13]

text: The author is not named in either volume.[5] According to a Church tradition dating from the 2nd century, he was the Luke named as a companion of Paul in three of the letters attributed to Paul himself, but "a critical consensus emphasizes the countless contradictions between the account in Acts and the authentic Pauline letters."[6] (An example can be seen by comparing Acts' accounts of Paul's conversion (Acts 9:1–31, 22:6–21, and 26:9–23) with Paul's own statement that he remained unknown to Christians in Judea after that event (Galatians 1:17–24).)[14] He admired Paul, but his theology was significantly different from Paul's on key points and he does not (in Acts) represent Paul's views accurately.[15] He was educated, a man of means, probably urban, and someone who respected manual work, although not a worker himself; this is significant, because more high-brow writers of the time looked down on the artisans and small business-people who made up the early church of Paul and were presumably Luke's audience.[16]

text: The eclipse of the traditional attribution to Luke the companion of Paul has meant that an early date for the gospel is now rarely put forward.[6] Some experts date the composition of the combined work to around 80–90 AD, although some others suggest 90–110,[17] and there is evidence, both textual (the conflicts between Western and Alexandrian manuscript families) and from the Marcionite controversy (Marcion was a 2nd-century heretic who produced his own version of Christian scripture based on Luke's gospel and Paul's epistles) that Luke-Acts was still being substantially revised well into the 2nd century.[8]

text: Genre, models and sources[edit]

text: Luke-Acts is a religio-political history of the Founder of the church and his successors, in both deeds and words. The author describes his book as a "narrative" (diegesis), rather than as a gospel, and implicitly criticises his predecessors for not giving their readers the speeches of Jesus and the Apostles, as such speeches were the mark of a "full" report, the vehicle through which ancient historians conveyed the meaning of their narratives. He seems to have taken as his model the works of two respected Classical authors, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, who wrote a history of Rome, and the Jewish historian Josephus, author of a history of the Jews. All three authors anchor the histories of their respective peoples by dating the births of the founders (Romulus, Moses and Jesus) and narrate the stories of the founders' births from God, so that they are sons of God. Each founder taught authoritatively, appeared to witnesses after death, and ascended to heaven. Crucial aspects of the teaching of all three concerned the relationship between rich and poor and the question of whether "foreigners" were to be received into the people.[18]

text: The author used as his sources the gospel of Mark, the sayings collection called the Q source, and a collection of material called the L (for Luke) source.[4] Mark, written around 70 AD, provided the narrative outline, but Mark contains comparatively little of Jesus' teachings.[19] For these Luke turned to Q, which consisted mostly, although not exclusively, of "sayings".[20] (Most scholars are reasonably sure that Q existed and that it can be reconstructed).[21] Mark and Q account for about 64% of Luke. The remaining material, known as the L source, is of unknown origin and date.[22] Most Q and L-source material is grouped in two clusters, Luke 6:17–8:3 and 9:51–18:14, and L-source material forms the first two section of the gospel (the preface and infancy and childhood narratives).[23]

text: Audience and authorial intent[edit]

text: Luke was written to be read aloud to a group of Jesus-followers gathered in a house to share the Lord's supper.[18] The author assumes an educated Greek-speaking audience, but directs his attention to specifically Christian concerns rather than to the Greco-Roman world at large.[24] He begins his gospel with a preface addressed to "Theophilus": the name means "Lover of God," and could be an individual or simply any Christian. Here he informs Theophilus of his intention, which is to lead his reader to certainty through an orderly account "of the events that have been fulfilled among us."[16] He did not, however, intend to provide Theophilus with a historical justification of the Christian faith – "did it happen?" – but to encourage faith – "what happened, and what does it all mean?"[25]

text: Structure and content[edit]

text:
Detailed content of Luke

1. Formal introduction

To Theophilus (1:1–4)

2. Jesus' birth and boyhood

Zacharias (1:5–25)

Annunciation (1:26–45)

Magnificat (1:46–56)

Nativity of St John the Baptist (1:57–80)

Benedictus (1:68–79)

Census of Quirinius (2:1–5)

Nativity of Jesus (2:6–7)

Annunciation to the shepherds (2:8–15)

Adoration of the Shepherds (2:16–20)

Circumcision of Jesus (2:21–40)

:Nunc dimittis (2:29–32)

Finding in the Temple (2:41–52)

3. Jesus' baptism and temptation

Ministry of John the Baptist (3:1–20)

Baptism (3:21–22)

Genealogy (3:23–38)

Temptation (4:1–13)

4.Jesus' ministry in Galilee

Good News (4:14–15)

Rejection in Nazareth (4:16–30)

Capernaum (4:31–44)

Miraculous catch of fish (5:1–11)

Leper and Paralytic (5:12–26)

Calling of Matthew (5:27–32)

On fasting (5:33–35)

New Wine into Old Wineskins (5:36–39)

Lord of the Sabbath (6:1–5)

Man with withered hand (6:6–11)

Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles (6:12–16)

Sermon on the Plain (6:17–49)

Centurion's servant (7:1–10)

Young man from Nain (7:11–17)

Messengers from John the Baptist (7:18–35)

Anointing (7:36–50)

Women companions of Jesus (8:1–3)

Parable of the Sower (8:4–8,11–15)

Purpose of parables (8:9–10)

Lamp under a bushel (8:16–18; 11:33)

Jesus' true relatives (8:19–21)

Calming the storm (8:22–25)

Demon named Legion (8:26–39)

Raising of Jairus' daughter (8:40–56)

Instructions for the Twelve (9:1–6)

Death of John the Baptist (9:7–9)

Feeding of the 5000 (9:10–17)

Confession of Peter (9:18–20)

Jesus predicts his death (9:21–27, 44–45; 18:31–34)

Transfiguration (9:28–36)

Possessed boy (9:37–43)

The Little Children (9:46–48)

Those not against are for (9:49–50)

5. Jesus' teaching on the journey to Jerusalem

On the road to Jerusalem (9:51)

Samaritan rejection (9:52–56)

Foxes have holes (9:57–58)

Let the dead bury the dead (9:59–60)

Don't look back (9:61–62)

Commission of the Seventy (10:1–12,10:16–20)

Cursing Chorazin, Bethsaida, Capernaum (10:13–15)

Praising the Father (10:21–24)

Great Commandment (10:25–28)

Parable of the Good Samaritan (10:29–37)

Visiting Martha and Mary (10:38–42)

Lord's Prayer (11:1–4)

Parable of the Friend at Night (11:5–13)

Blind-mute man (11:14–19)

Exorcising by the Finger of God (11:20)

Strong man (11:21–22)

Those not with me are against me (11:23)

Return of the unclean spirit (11:24–26)

Those who hear the word and keep it (11:27–28)

Request for a sign (11:29–32)

Eye and Light (11:34–36)

Woes of the Pharisees (11:37–54)

Veiled and Unveiled (12:1–3)

Whom to fear (12:4–7)

Unforgivable sin (12:8–12)

Disputed inheritance (12:13–15)

Parable of the Rich Fool and Birds (12:16–32)

Sell your possessions (12:33–34)

Parable of the Faithful Servant (12:35–48)

Not peace, but a sword (12:49–53; 14:25–27)

Knowing the times (12:54–56)

Settle with your accuser (12:57–59)

Tower of Siloam (13:1–5)

Parable of the barren fig tree (13:6–9)

Infirm woman (13:10–17)

Parable of the Mustard Seed and Parable of the Leaven (13:18–21)

The Narrow Gate (13:22–30)

Lament over Jerusalem (13:31–35)

Man with dropsy (14:1–6)

Parable of the Wedding Feast, Parable of the Great Banquet, Counting the cost,
Parable of the Lost Sheep, Parable of the Lost Coin, Parable of the Prodigal Son, Parable of the Unjust Steward (14:7–16:13)

Not one stroke of a letter (16:14–17)

On divorce (16:18)

Rich man and Lazarus (16:19–31)

Curse those who set traps (17:1–6)

Parable of the Master and Servant (17:7–10)

Cleansing ten lepers (17:11–19)

The Coming Kingdom of God (17:20–37)

Parables of the Unjust judge, Pharisee and Publican (18:1–14)

The Little Children (18:15–17)

Rich young man (18:18–30)

Blind near Jericho (18:35–43)

Zacchaeus (19:1–9)

Son of Man came to save (19:10)

Parable of the Talents (19:11–27)

6. Jesus' Jerusalem conflicts, crucifixion, and resurrection

Entry into Jerusalem (19:28–44)

Cleansing of the Temple (19:45–48)

Authority questioned (20:1–8)

Parable of the Wicked Husbandmen (20:9–19)

Render unto Caesar (20:20–26)

Resurrection of the dead (20:27–40)

Is the Messiah the son of David? (20:41–44)

Denouncing scribes (20:45–47)

Lesson of the widow's mite (21:1–4)

Olivet Discourse (21:5–38)

Plot to kill Jesus (22:1–2)

Bargain of Judas (22:3–6)

Last Supper (22:7–23)

Dispute about Greatness (22:24–30)

Denial of Peter (22:31–34, 55–62)

Sell your cloak and buy a sword (22:35–38)

Agony in the Garden (22:39–46)

Kiss of Judas (22:47–53)

Arrest (22:54)

Guards mock Jesus (22:63–65)

Before the High Priest (22:66–71)

Pilate's court (23:1–7, 13–25)

Jesus at Herod's court (23:8–12)

Simon of Cyrene (23:26)

Crucifixion (23:27–49)

Entombment (23:50–56)

Empty tomb (24:1–12)

Resurrection appearances (24:13–43)

Great Commission (24:44–49)

Ascension of Jesus (24:50–53)

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tag: table

text: Structure of Luke's Gospel[edit]

text: Following the author's preface addressed to his patron and the two birth narratives (John the Baptist and Jesus), the gospel opens in Galilee and moves gradually to its climax in Jerusalem:[26]

text:
A brief preface addressed to Theophilus stating the author's aims;
Birth and infancy narratives for both Jesus and John the Baptist, interpreted as the dawn of the promised era of Israel's salvation;
Preparation for Jesus' messianic mission: John's prophetic mission, his baptism of Jesus, and the testing of Jesus' vocation;
The beginning of Jesus' mission in Galilee, and the hostile reception there;
The central section: the journey to Jerusalem, where Jesus knows he must meet his destiny as God's prophet and messiah;
His mission in Jerusalem, culminating in confrontation with the leaders of the Jewish Temple;
His last supper with his most intimate followers, followed by his arrest, interrogation, and crucifixion;
God's validation of Jesus as Christ: events from the first Easter to the Ascension, showing Jesus' death to be divinely ordained, in keeping with both scriptural promise and the nature of messiahship, and anticipating the story of Acts.[Notes 2]

tag: ol

text: Parallel structure of Luke-Acts[edit]

text: The structure of Acts parallels the structure of the gospel, demonstrating the universality of the divine plan and the shift of authority from Jerusalem to Rome:[27]

text: The gospel – the acts of Jesus:

text:
The presentation of the child Jesus at the Temple in Jerusalem
Jesus' forty days in the desert
Jesus in Samaria/Judea
Jesus in the Decapolis
Jesus receives the Holy Spirit
Jesus preaches with power (the power of the spirit)
Jesus heals the sick
Death of Jesus
The apostles are sent to preach to all nations

tag: ul

text: The acts of the apostles

text:
Jerusalem
Forty days before the Ascension
Samaria
Asia Minor
Pentecost: Christ's followers receive the spirit
The apostles preach with the power of the spirit
The apostles heal the sick
Death of Stephen, the first martyr for Christ
Paul preaches in Rome

text: Theology[edit]

text: Luke's "salvation history"[edit]

text: Luke's theology is expressed primarily through his overarching plot, the way scenes, themes and characters combine to construct his specific worldview.[3] His "salvation history" stretches from the Creation to the present time of his readers, in three ages: first, the time of "the Law and the Prophets", the period beginning with Genesis and ending with the appearance of John the Baptist (Luke 1:5–3:1); second, the epoch of Jesus, in which the Kingdom of God was preached (Luke 3:2–24:51); and finally the period of the Church, which began when the risen Christ was taken into Heaven, and would end with his second coming.[28]

text: Christology[edit]

text: Luke's understanding of Jesus – his Christology – is central to his theology. One approach to this is through the titles Luke gives to Jesus: these include, but are not limited to, Christ (Messiah), Lord, Son of God, and Son of Man.[29] Another is by reading Luke in the context of similar Greco-Roman divine saviour figures (Roman emperors are an example), references which would have made clear to Luke's readers that Jesus was the greatest of all saviours.[30] A third is to approach Luke through his use of the Old Testament, those passages from Jewish scripture which he cites to establish that Jesus is the promised Messiah.[31] While much of this is familiar, much also is missing: for example, Luke makes no clear reference to Christ's pre-existence or to the Christian's union with Christ, and makes relatively little reference to the concept of atonement: perhaps he felt no need to mention these ideas, or disagreed with them, or possibly he was simply unaware of them.[32]

text: Even what Luke does say about Christ is ambiguous or even contradictory.[32] For example, according to Luke 2:11 Jesus was the Christ at his birth, but in Acts 10:37–38 he becomes Christ at the resurrection, while in Acts 3:20 it seems his messiahship is active only at the parousia, the "second coming"; similarly, in Luke 2:11 he is the Saviour from birth, but in Acts 5:31 he is made Saviour at the resurrection; and he is born the Son of God in Luke 1:32–35, but becomes the Son of God at the resurrection according to Acts 13:33.[33] Many of these differences may be due to scribal error, but others were deliberate alterations to doctrinally unacceptable passages, or the introduction by scribes of "proofs" for their favourite theological tenets.[34] An important example of such deliberate alterations is found in Luke's account of the baptism of Jesus, where virtually all the earliest witnesses have God saying, "This day I have begotten you."[35] (Luke has taken the words of God from Psalm 2, an ancient royal adoption formula in which the king of Israel was recognised as God's elect).[35] This reading is theologically difficult, as it implies that God is now conferring status on Jesus that he did not previously hold.[35] It is unlikely, therefore, that the more common reading of Luke 3:22 (God says to Jesus, "You are my beloved son, with you I am well pleased") is original.[35]

text: The Holy Spirit, the Christian community, and the kingdom of God[edit]

text: The Holy Spirit plays a more important role in Luke-Acts than in the other gospels. Some scholars have argued that the Spirit's involvement in the career of Jesus is paradigmatic of the universal Christian experience, others that Luke's intention was to stress Jesus' uniqueness as the Prophet of the final age.[36] It is clear, however, that Luke understands the enabling power of the Spirit, expressed through non-discriminatory fellowship ("All who believed were together and had all things in common"), to be the basis of the Christian community.[37] This community can also be understood as the Kingdom of God, although the kingdom's final consummation will not be seen till the Son of Man comes "on a cloud" at the end-time.[38]

text: Christians vs. Rome and the Jews[edit]

text: Luke needed to define the position of Christians in relation to two political and social entities, the Roman Empire and Judaism. Regarding the Empire Luke makes clear that, while Christians are not a threat to the established order, the rulers of this world hold their power from Satan, and the essential loyalty of Christ's followers is to God and this world will be the kingdom of God, ruled by Christ the King.[39] Regarding the Jews, Luke emphasises the fact that Jesus and all his earliest followers were Jews, although by his time the majority of Christ-followers were gentiles; nevertheless, the Jews had rejected and killed the Messiah, and the Christian mission now lay with the gentiles.[40]

text: Comparison with other writings[edit]

text: The gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke share so much in common that they are called the Synoptics, as they frequently cover the same events in similar and sometimes identical language. The majority opinion among scholars is that Mark was the earliest of the three (about 70 AD) and that Matthew and Luke both used this work and the "sayings gospel" known as Q as their basic sources. Luke has both expanded Mark and corrected his grammar and syntax – Mark wrote poor Greek. Some passages from Mark he has eliminated entirely, notably most of chapters 6 and 7, which he apparently felt reflected poorly on the disciples and painted Jesus too much like a magician. Despite this, he follows Mark's plot more faithfully than does Matthew.[41]

text: Despite being grouped with Matthew and Mark, Luke's gospel has a number of parallels with the Gospel of John. For example, Luke uses the terms "Jews" and "Israelites" in a way unlike Mark, but like John; the figures of Mary of Bethany and Martha as well as a person named Lazarus (although Lazarus of Bethany and the Lazarus of the parable are generally not considered the same person) are found only in Luke and John; and at Jesus' arrest, only Luke and John state that the servant's right ear was cut off (there are several such small details found only in Luke and John).[42]


document_title: Brian Song

question_text: who sang the theme song for the life of brian

text: Brian Song

text: for the 1971 made for TV movie

text:
"Brian/Always Look On The Bright Side Of Life"

Single by Monty Python

from the album Monty Python's Life of Brian

Released
16 November 1979

Genre

Comedy
soundtrack

Label
Warner Brothers

Songwriter(s)

Michael Palin
Andre Jacquemin
Dave Howman

Producer(s)
Andre Jacquemin
Dave Howman

Monty Python singles chronology

"Python On Song"
(1976)
"Brian/Always Look On The Bright Side Of Life"
(1979)
"I Like Chinese"
(1980)

"Python On Song"
(1976)
"Brian/Always Look On The Bright Side Of Life"
(1979)
"I Like Chinese"
(1980)

text: "Brian Song" is the title song from the 1979 film Monty Python's Life of Brian.[1] It was released as a single in the UK on 16 November 1979 as a Double A side with "Always Look on the Bright Side of Life". The song, which charts the growth of the Brian character to manhood, was composed by Andre Jacquemin and Dave Howman with lyrics by Michael Palin. It was performed by sixteen-year-old Sonia Jones[2] with a string and brass accompaniment in the style of a John Barry film theme (the entire brass section was performed via extensive multitracking by John Du Prez). It is included on the Monty Python's Life of Brian album and on the CD Monty Python Sings.[3] Martin Chilton, the Culture Editor for The Telegraph website, listed it as one of the five best Monty Python songs in 2013.[1]

text: In 2009, Jones re-recorded the song for the opening credits of the six-part documentary series Monty Python: Almost the Truth (Lawyers Cut), with altered lyrics referring to "Python" rather than "Brian". Five different versions were used for the first five episodes, with Jones sounding increasingly fed up with performing the song. On the sixth and final episode she was replaced by Iron Maiden vocalist Bruce Dickinson.


document_title: List of Gavin & Stacey characters

question_text: who plays smithys sister in gavin and stacey

text: List of Gavin & Stacey characters

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character
First Appearance
Last Appearance
Duration
Total

Mathew Horne
Gavin Shipman
13 May 2007
1 January 2010
2007–2010
20

Joanna Page
Stacey Shipman
13 May 2007
1 January 2010
2007–2010
20

James Corden
Neil "Smithy" Smith
13 May 2007
1 January 2010
2007–2010
20

Ruth Jones
Nessa Jenkins
13 May 2007
1 January 2010
2007–2010
20

Rob Brydon
Bryn West
13 May 2007
1 January 2010
2007–2010
20

Larry Lamb
Mick Shipman
13 May 2007
1 January 2010
2007–2010
20

Alison Steadman
Pam Shipman
13 May 2007
1 January 2010
2007–2010
20

Melanie Walters
Gwen West
13 May 2007
1 January 2010
2007–2010
20

Steffan Rhodri
Dave Coaches
13 May 2007
1 January 2010
2007–2010
11

Margaret John
Doris O'Neill
13 May 2007
1 January 2010
2007–2010
8

Adrian Scarborough
Pete Sutcliffe
13 May 2007
17 December 2009
2007–2009
7

Julia Davis
Dawn Sutcliffe
13 May 2007
17 December 2009
2007–2009
7

Sheridan Smith
Ruth "Rudi" Smith
16 March 2008
1 January 2010
2008–2010
7

Robert Wilfort
Jason West
3 June 2007
1 January 2010
2007–2010
6

Mathew Baynton
Deano
11 November 2008
10 December 2009
2008–2009
4

Russell Tovey
Budgie
3 June 2007
10 December 2009
2007–2009
4

Andrew Knott
Dirtbox
3 June 2007
10 December 2009
2007–2009
4

Samuel Anderson
Fingers
3 June 2007
10 December 2009
2007–2009
3

Ifan Huw Dafydd
Neil Jenkins
26 November 2009
1 January 2010
2009–2010
3

Pam Ferris
Cath Smith
26 November 2009
17 December 2009
2009
2

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Gavin Shipman (Mathew Horne) - Gavin is 28 when the series starts. He is an only child, and when the series starts he still lives with his loving mother and father in Billericay, Essex. He gets on well with his parents. He works for a company called ICB and spends his spare time with his best friend Smithy (James Corden) along with his other friends Gary & Simon, Dirtbox, Fingers, Budgie, Swede, Chinese Alan and Jesus. He is a big fan of Tottenham Hotspur (as is Mathew Horne) and is often seen wearing his Spurs shirt. In the course of his job, he had to deal with a company called Bedmores, based in Barry. The Bedmores representative he had to correspond with was a woman called Stacey West (Joanna Page). Gavin and Stacey had to speak regularly because of their jobs, and they found they got on very well. After months and months of talking and flirting, they agreed to meet up in London. They agreed that Gavin would bring his best friend Smithy with him, and Stacey would bring her best friend Nessa (Ruth Jones) with her. They met up and went clubbing. They had a great time, and got on very well. They went back to Stacey's hotel room and had sex. The next day, Stacey had to go back to Barry, but she and Gavin promised to keep ringing each other and that this would not be the end of their relationship. While Stacey and Nessa boarded the coach back to Barry, Gavin and Smithy got a cab back to Billericay. Without waiting for Smithy, Gavin jumped in his car and drove all the way to Barry, and met Stacey when her coach pulled into the station, to her surprise. He and Stacey told each other they loved each other for the first time. Within 9 weeks, they had got engaged and married. Despite a few initial problems regarding Stacey being homesick, their relationship was successful, and Stacey became eventually pregnant. Gavin, and his father Mick (Larry Lamb), often play the "straight men" in the series. Much of the comedy comes from the actions of those around them (especially his mother Pam (Alison Steadman) and Smithy). It is clear that Gavin loves his friends and family very much. Despite the fact that his mother Pam often overreacts and acts without thinking, Gavin still loves her, despite being occasionally exasperated by her. His best friend Smithy is also prone to overreact, but Gavin sticks with him and loves him like a little brother. Gavin's main personality flaw is that he is slightly spoiled, possibly due to being an only child, and reacts with irritation when he doesn't get his way. He is also not particularly sensitive - he sometimes fails to understand the much more emotional Smithy and Stacey, and this occasionally puts strain on his relationship with both of them - when Stacey, who is very attached to her hometown of Barry, gets depressed and homesick upon moving to Billericay after she and Gavin marry, Gavin is more confused than concerned about this, and his responses are lacking in sensitivity about the matter. This can also be seen in the fact that Gavin is less talkative and expressive than Stacey is - while at dinner with their families after their honeymoon, Stacey is excited and full of conversation, while Gavin simply sits and listens to her. Despite all of this, Gavin loves Stacey enormously, and is very affectionate towards her, and his greatest display of love for her is when he decides to move to Barry with her despite having expressed a dislike of it previously, and he manages to get himself a new job in Wales so he can reside there. There, his boss Huw Davies and colleague Owain Hughes (Steven Meo) act very similar to Stacey's uncle, Bryn (Rob Brydon), talking incessantly and being over-friendly, personality traits that bewilder Gavin. Gavin is more reserved and less willing to discuss his private life than his wife. He finds it odd that Stacey is so eager and ready to spill information about their private life to Nessa, Bryn, her mother Gwen (Melanie Walters) and her brother Jason (Robert Wilfort). When Gavin is applying for a job in Cardiff, the only people who know are Stacey and Mick. When he and Stacey announce it to the rest of the characters, Gwen announces that she knew as well, because Stacey told her. Gavin is annoyed that Stacey told Gwen, and by the fact that Stacey did not tell him she had told Gwen. He doesn't understand why Stacey always has to be so close to her family. It isn't that he is distant from his family, he just doesn't depend on his as much as Stacey does hers. In Series 3, he agrees with Stacey to try to have a baby, only to discover she stopped taking the pill a year ago. Although he is very angry about Stacey not telling him the truth, he becomes much more depressed when he learns that he has fertility problems. However, he eventually comes round, and has a serious discussion with Stacey about the problem, deciding they will carry on trying to conceive for a few months, and if that doesn't work, they should start looking at alternatives. However, in the final episode, Stacey discovers she pregnant, and Gavin is completely as overjoyed.
Stacey Shipman (née West) (Joanna Page) - Stacey is 26 and is from Barry, near Cardiff. Her father, Trevor, died three years ago, and she lived at home with her mother in Barry until her marriage. Her gay brother, Jason (Robert Wilfort), lives in Spain. She had been engaged five times before meeting Gavin Shipman (Mathew Horne), something she preferred to forget and kept from him. She is very bubbly, excitable and full of conversation but also slightly fragile and prone to overreacting. An example is her misreading Gavin's sudden businesslike tone during a call from work, when his boss appears over him, as him being distant and breaking up with her and he has to drive all the way to Barry to reassure her in person. She confides frequently in her best friend, Nessa (Ruth Jones). Stacey has never been away from Barry Island before she visits Gavin, and becomes very homesick when she marries him and moves to Essex. After a few months of finding no work, she tells Gavin she can no longer live in Essex and will be moving back home. During the course of their separation, Stacey decides their selfishness about where they'll live means they aren't meant to be together and she gives Gavin his wedding ring back. They are able to work things out and Gavin decides to get a job in Cardiff so he can move to Barry Island to keep Stacey happy. Stacey discovers she is pregnant in the final episode of Series 3, after desperately taking a large number of pregnancy tests.
Neil "Smithy" Smith (James Corden) - Smithy is 28 and Gavin's (Mathew Horne) best friend, and they've known each other since primary school. He is a self-employed builder and decorator. He is very protective of Gavin - he is disappointed when Gavin gets engaged to Stacey (Joanna Page) and when Gavin and Stacey go on a honeymoon, he calls Gavin every day for the 3 weeks they are there, and gets angry at Gavin for leaving his phone off. He loves Gavin's parents more than his own, and has an unseen girlfriend called Lucy, who, according to Smithy, is seventeen years and three quarters old. He loves unusual beer, paintball and West Ham United. When Nessa (Ruth Jones) gives birth to their son, they name him Neil after himself and Nessa's father. In the series finale, Smithy stops Nessa's wedding declaring his feelings for her, thus causing Nessa and Dave (Steffan Rhodri) not to get married. He is shown to have obvious similarities to Nessa, such as: refusing to share food, being very upfront, protective of their best friends, and they like most of the same food and drink, such as KFC, corn on the cob, and Irn Bru. Smithy wears his heart on his sleeve and is given to intense public displays of emotion, and will cry or sulk with little provocation. Smithy eats, drinks and smokes to excess and is overweight.
Vanessa Shanessa "Nessa" Jenkins (Ruth Jones) - Nessa is Stacey's (Joanna Page) best friend, also from Barry. She discovers she is pregnant in the fourth episode of Series 1 and it is later revealed that Smithy (James Corden) became the father the second time they were intimate at Pam (Alison Steadman) and Mick's (Larry Lamb) house. She speaks fluent Italian and Welsh, has several tattoos, most notably a large red dragon on her right upper arm. She is a chain smoker (except during her pregnancy) and was one of the original members of All Saints (but didn't get along with Shaznay). She works at the Barry Island Amusement Arcades or "The Slots". Nessa regularly recalls strange and often lewd experiences with celebrities. She gives birth to baby Neil in the series finale of Series 2 and becomes engaged to Dave Coaches (Steffan Rhodri) in the 2008 Christmas special. In the series finale, Smithy declares his feelings for Nessa at her wedding, and Dave accepts that the feelings he and Nessa share are not as strong as hers and Smithy's. Nessa's age is unknown throughout the show even to Stacey. To date she has slept with Gavin's (Mathew Horne) best friend Smithy four times. Her catchphrases include "Ohhhh", "Tidy", "Genuine", "Truth be told", "Immense", "I'm not going to lie to you" and "What's occurring?". In the third series, it was discovered that she is an Aston Villa fan. She has a jet black bob-style hair and wears Gothic style make up. She is serious, ongoing and surprisingly intelligent at times. She has had a number of interesting occupations including being a BBC radio producer, a roadie for a major band, and driving trucks for Eddie Stobart (who gave her two trucks to keep when she left,) and a running feature of the programme is her wide range of impressive occupations, abilities (apart from speaking fluent Italian she is an excellent ten pin bowler) and acquaintance or relationships with various famous people. The reaction of those around her to mention of these invariably suggests that they are factual rather than a fantasy, despite the rather incongruous fact that she now works as a cashier at an amusement arcade in Barry.
Michael "Mick" Shipman (Larry Lamb) - Mick is Gavin's (Mathew Horne) father. He is often mistaken to be 53 and is a down-to-earth bloke, like his son. He's happy with his life — running his own company, playing golf and going to the pub quiz every Tuesday. He is something of a calming influence on his wife, Pam (Alison Steadman).
Pamela Andrea "Pam" Shipman (née Griggell-Eschefska) (Alison Steadman) — Pam is Gavin's (Mathew Horne) proud and doting mother. She is in her fifties, though her exact age is unknown as, according to her husband, she has claimed to be 51 on her past five birthdays. She is a stereotypical Essex wife and is very house-proud. She is also very caring of Smithy (James Corden), Gavin's best friend, and treats him as if he were her own son. Pam adores Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall (referring to Princess Diana as a "hussy") and acts out sexual fantasies of Charles and Camilla with her husband, Mick (Larry Lamb). She dotes on Gavin, who she calls her "Little Prince". She is very welcoming of Stacey (Joanna Page) into the family - the first time Stacey meets her, she helps her with a pimple on her face, in a motherly fashion, which allows the two to bond. Although she is initially angry at Stacey when Gavin announces they're moving back to Barry, accusing Stacey of 'stealing' her son, she apologises the next morning for overreacting. Pam is prone to malapropisms, such as saying "ours is not to question while" (instead of "why") or "Barry's Island" instead of "Barry Island". She is often nervous and excitable and this leads her into awkward social situations, such as forcing Mick to go food shopping in response to an attack of paranoia about her guests' dietary requirements, and then falsely claiming to be newly vegetarian (a pretence she is forced to maintain, much to her frustration because she craves meat) in order to explain why he has arrived with several bags of vegetarian food. Her catchphrases include "Oh My Christ", "I panicked (name)" and "Mick! Michael!"
Brynfor "Bryn" West (Rob Brydon) - Bryn is Stacey (Joanna Page) and Jason's (Robert Wilfort) uncle. He is the brother of Stacey's deceased father, Trevor and is a single man in his late forties. He lives across the road from Stacey and his sister-in-law, Gwen (Melanie Walters) and is very protective of them. In Series 1 and 2, he had a strained relationship with his nephew Jason due to an unspecified but clearly disturbing incident on a fishing trip. He leads a very simple life and often gets excited about trivial things such as his Sat Nav or the Internet. He also enjoys typically female-oriented TV shows such as Desperate Housewives and Sex and the City. He is a keen singer and sings with Stacey's best friend, Nessa (Ruth Jones). In Series 2, he puts a home gym in his house that is "the talk of the street". Bryn also displays latent homosexual tendencies but is seemingly too innocent and childlike to address them. For instance, Bryn converted one of the bedrooms in his home into a gym and invites Smithy (James Corden) over where they strip shirtless and have a close workout followed by a "warm down" that involves rubbing each other. Smithy does not see this as a sexual thing at all, even though it makes Gavin (Mathew Horne) uncomfortable. It has been implied a number of times that Bryn was abused by his brother Trevor as a child, such as Trevor leaving him terrified on a ghost train or hanging him by his ankles and swinging him against rocks, resulting in two broken arms. He claims he "rather enjoyed the experience" as it was only "tomfoolery" but it shocks everyone and horrifies Pam (Alison Steadman).
Gwen West (Melanie Walters) - Gwen is Stacey (Joanna Page) and Jason's (Robert Wilfort) mother. She is a widow in her late forties and has two children, Jason and Stacey. She is a housewife and regularly offers to cook omelettes. She's a caring, kind woman who lets herself be taken advantage of by Stacey's best friend, Nessa (Ruth Jones). She's very close to Stacey as they spent many years living together. In Series 3, she lives with Stacey and her husband Gavin (Mathew Horne). On the day of Nessa's wedding, Nessa told Gwen that she was like a mother to her before kissing her on the lips, which gobsmacks Gwen but does not affect Nessa.

text: Other characters[edit]

text:
David "Dave Coaches" Lloyd Gooch (Steffan Rhodri) - Coach driver in Barry and Nessa's (Ruth Jones) fiancé, after they got engaged in the Christmas special. Aspersions are cast regarding his sexual health in Series 1, although it is revealed in Series 2 that he has been to "the clinic". He is the only person, other than Bryn (Rob Brydon) and Jason (Robert Wilfort), who knows what happened on the fishing trip, after Bryn told him to get the matter off his chest. His relationship with Nessa results in both Bryn and Jason being incredibly nervous about him telling their friends what happened, although he makes it very clear to Bryn he wouldn't tell anyone about it. He also has his own company named Dave Coaches. He often shows jealousy towards Smithy (James Corden) for being the father of Nessa's child. Smithy gets jealous of him for always spending time with his son and treating him like his own, and in the final episode leaves Nessa at the altar as he doesn't believe she loves him. Nessa's father mentions him having "blood on his hands", but says he was joking, knowing that "nothing was proven". Dave often has a strained relationship with the other characters, and has publicly had angry exchanges with Bryn, Smithy and Pete (Adrian Scarborough), who punched him in the face after he made an uncharitable remark about his wife, Dawn (Julia Davis).
Jason West (Robert Wilfort) - Stacey's (Joanna Page) elder brother, son of Gwen (Melanie Walters) and her late husband, Trevor. Lives in Spain with his boyfriend, José. He and Bryn (Rob Brydon) share a rather awkward relationship due to some mysterious goings-on on the fateful fishing trip. Although the events of the fishing trip are never explicitly revealed, it is strongly implied that there was a close and intimate encounter between Jason and Bryn. When they attempt to explain to Dave the reason for what they did that night, Bryn says "It was freezing cold...and when you're that cold you-" before being cut off by Gavin entering the room. He is disappointed in the first series when Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Stacey get married and he is not chosen to take Stacey down the aisle. He and Bryn eventually become friends again, something they are both glad about.
Peter "Pete" Sutcliffe (Adrian Scarborough) and Dawn Sutcliffe (Julia Davis) - Friends of Pam (Alison Steadman) and Mick's (Larry Lamb). They have a very strained marriage and regularly insult each other in public. Also part of the ongoing joke that characters share their surnames with serial killers — in this case Peter Sutcliffe, the Yorkshire Ripper. He punches Dave in the Christmas special. He also attempts a threesome in the beginning of Series 2 with his wife Dawn and a man named Seth. It didn't work out as Seth said the photo was not representative of them as a couple. The couple renewed their vows in Series 3. They have two children, Fiona and Alex. In the series finale of Series 1, their surname is revealed to be Whitely, but in the 2008 Christmas Special, it is revealed to be Sutcliffe.
Catherina "Cath" Smith (Pam Ferris) - Smithy (James Corden) and Rudi's (Sheridan Smith) mother who first appears in the first episode of Series 3. She is rumoured to have had a lesbian relationship with the headteacher of Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Smithy's primary school. She claims to suffer from narcolepsy, though Pam (Alison Steadman) attributes this to her excessive drinking. She attends single mother support groups and has been known to perform lewd acts on webcam, having once accidentally exposed herself to Nessa (Ruth Jones) thinking she was a man named John.
Doris "Dor" O'Neill (Margaret John) - Gwen's (Melanie Walters) elderly next door neighbour. She looks like a stereotypical "little old lady", in sharp contrast to her behaviour and blunt, profanity-littered conversational style. Doris regularly dates younger men, even offering herself up to Gavin (Mathew Horne) for "discreet" extramarital relations, and is described by Bryn (Rob Brydon) as "a player". She has a daughter named Moira, whom she loathes and would like to "smother" if she saw her again. Gwen even goes so far as to say "she was a nasty piece of work". It is Doris who spots the unfortunate coincidence of Gavin and Stacey (Joanna Page) sharing the West and Shipman surnames with serial murderers Fred and Rose West and Harold Shipman.
Ruth "Rudi" Smith (Sheridan Smith) - Smithy's (James Corden) sister, also likes to be called "Smithy" in an attempt to imitate her brother, with whom she often fights.
Neil Noel Edmund Smith aka Neil, the Baby - The son of Smithy (James Corden) and Nessa (Ruth Jones), named after both Smithy and Nessa's father. His middle names come from Smithy's uncle Edmund and Nessa's friend Noel from Hear'Say.
Neil Jenkins (Ifan Huw Dafydd)[1][2]- Nessa's (Ruth Jones) father; appears at the Christening but is obviously uncomfortable at being back in Barry due to unknown previous events. He is a part-time actor who has appeared as an extra in Lark Rise to Candleford and as a man in a coma in Holby City.
Dick Powell (Gwynfor Roberts) The only exclusively Welsh-speaking inhabitant of Barry. Sells items on the black market such as satellite navigation systems and meat that his brother steals from the slaughterhouse where he works. He enjoys chicken and Glamorgan sausage sandwiches.
Deano (Mathew Baynton) is a friend of Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Smithy's (James Corden). He works with Smithy and is known for being gormless and somewhat naïve. He learnt Welsh prior to coming over to Wales with the "Essex Lads". He wasn't at Gavin's stag, but got a T-shirt made afterwards when they went to the foam party. Among his idiosyncrasies is a fondness for drinking a mixture of equal parts tea and coffee, which he calls a "toffee" or a "cea" (pronounced "key").
Owain Hughes (Steven Meo) - one of Gavin's (Mathew Horne) co-workers at his new job in Cardiff in Series 3. Constantly the subject of an unclear joke - "My name is Owain Hughes and before you ask, no I don't!".

text: Gavin and Smithy's Friends[edit]

text:
Budgie (Russell Tovey) - A friend of Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Smithy's (James Corden). He is nicknamed as such because he has big ears. He has a brother called Magpie, who works as a DJ.
Chinese Alan (Dominic Gaskell) - A friend of Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Smithy's (James Corden). His catchphrase is "Did someone order a Chinese?"
Fingers (Samuel Anderson) - A friend of Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Smithy's (James Corden). He is so named because of his womanizing attitude. He has an on-off relationship with Stacey's (Joanna Page) friend, Louise.
Dirtbox (Andrew Knott) - A friend of Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Smithy's (James Corden). He seems to be somewhat short tempered and snappy.
Jesus (Daniel Curtis) - A friend of Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Smithy's (James Corden). He only appears in the stag episode; most likely owing to the fact that no one in the group really seems to like him.
Swede - (John Grisley) A friend of Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Smithy's (James Corden). He rarely says anything.
Gary (Jason Gregg) - A friend of Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Smithy's (James Corden). He has been friends with them since primary school. He is never seen without his best friend Simon; except for in Series 3, where it appears they have had an argument.
'N' Simon - A friend of Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Smithy's (James Corden). He has been friends with them since primary school. He is never seen without his best friend Gary (Jason Gregg); but he does not appear in Series 3, as it appears he has had an argument with Gary.
Luggy - A friend of Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Smithy's (James Corden). He has glasses and is quite tall. He is relatively quiet when compared to the rest of Gavin's friends as he is often seen in the background of the conversation and has no dialogue. He is not seen in Series 3 for unknown reasons.

text: Minor and unseen characters[edit]

text:
Japanese Margaret - A friend of Pam (Alison Steadman) and Dawn's (Julia Davis) whose name came up during the protest over the telephone mast.
No Man Jan - A friend of Pam's (Alison Steadman) who told her about the rumour of Cath's (Pam Ferris) lesbian relationship with Smithy (James Corden) and Gavin's (Mathew Horne) headmistress. Mick (Larry Lamb) claims she can't be trusted - "that's why she's been divorced three times".
Big Fat Sue - Pam's (Alison Steadman) overweight friend. Pam calls her "Susan" to her face; however, other characters such as Dawn (Julia Davis) directly address her as "Big Fat Sue".
Fat No More Pat - Pam's (Alison Steadman) friend from her Fencing class. She was mentioned when Pam asked Stacey (Joanna Page) if she would like to come along in Pat's absence.
Seth - Swinger who responded to Dawn (Julia Davis) and Pete's (Adrian Scarborough) request for a threesome partner, he denied because the picture of Dawn and Pete was 15 years old.
Nigel Havers - Actor, Nessa's (Ruth Jones) ex-boyfriend
Tom Jones - Singer, Nessa's (Ruth Jones) ex-boyfriend
John Prescott - Politician, Nessa's (Ruth Jones) ex-boyfriend
Noel Sullivan - Singer, Nessa's (Ruth Jones) close friend. Nessa's son, Neil's middle name is after him.
Griff (Alan David) - Bryn (Rob Brydon) and Doris' (Margaret John) friend. He attended Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Stacey's (Joanna Page) wedding with Doris in Series 1.
Father Chris (William Thomas) - A vicar in Barry.
José - Jason's (Robert Wilfort) boyfriend, who attends Gavin (Mathew Horne) and Stacey's (Joanna Page) wedding.
Edna Sutcliffe (Edna Doré) - Pete's (Adrian Scarborough) mother, only seen once in the Christmas Special, where Pete forgot her and she stayed behind the bar over night
Betty (Hazel Douglas) - A neighbour of Pam (Alison Steadman) and Mick's (Larry Lamb). She is only seen talking to Pam about Mick's short stint on a news broadcast.
Scott - One of Doris' (Margaret John) much younger boyfriends, whom she casually describes as "a bit of a pothead".
Natalie Lewis - Sales assistant whose brother and father once had a fight with Nessa (Ruth Jones)
Lucy - Smithy's (James Corden) much younger girlfriend, who is still in secondary school. She is never seen on-screen, and dumps Smithy in Series 2 when he discovers that she has been seeing somebody else. In a running joke meant to illustrate the age gap between her and Smithy, she is often mentioned to be doing activities that would normally be associated with younger people (such as Brownies or trampolining).
Jean - A character who Bryn (Rob Brydon) invites to Gwen's birthday party, due to guests he'd already invited saying they can't attend. Jean is hated to Gwen however for reasons that weren't really mentioned. Doris warns Bryn not to invite her and does not like her. Jean is not seen on screen, however Gwen sees her and it is unknown what happened next.
Glenda - In series 3 episode 4, Glenda gets in contact with Bryn (Rob Brydon), Doris (Margaret John) and Gwen (Melanie Walters) almost immediately after Pam (Alison Steadman) and Mick (Larry Lamb) arrive outside Gwen's house all via different forms of contact. It is not mentioned where Glenda lives, though she is within hearing range as she heard that Pam and Mick were going to the beach, nor is she ever mentioned again.


document_title: List of countries by military expenditures

question_text: what percent of the us gdp is spent on the military

text: List[edit]

text:
List by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute2018 Fact Sheet (for 2017)[1]SIPRI Military Expenditure Database[3]

List by the International Institute for Strategic StudiesTop 15 Defence Budgets 2017[4]

Rank
Country
Spending  ($ Bn.)
% of GDP

% of World share

World total
1,739
2.2

01
 United States
857.4
7.8

35.0

02
 People's Republic of China[a]
228.0
1.9

13.0

03
 Russia
178.5
15.7

8.6

04
 Saudi Arabia[a][b]
69.4
5.3

4.0

05
 India
63.9
2.5

3.7

06
 France
57.8
2.3

3.3

07
 United Kingdom
47.2
1.8

2.7

08
 Japan
45.4
0.9

2.6

09
 Germany
44.3
1.2

2.5

10
 South Korea
39.2
2.6

2.3

11
 Brazil
29.3
1.4

1.7

12
 Italy
29.2
1.7

1.7

13
 Australia
27.5
2.0

1.6

14
 Canada
20.6
1.3

1.2

15
 Turkey
18.2
2.2

1.0

Rank
Country
Spending  ($ Bn.)

01
 United States
773.5

02
 People's Republic of China
175.8

03
 Saudi Arabia
76.7

04
 Russia
61.2

05
 India
52.5

06
 United Kingdom
50.7

07
 France
48.6

08
 Japan
46.0

09
 Germany
41.7

10
 South Korea
35.7

11
 Brazil
29.4

12
 Australia
25.0

13
 Italy
22.9

14
 Israel
21.6

15
 Iraq
19.4

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b SIPRI estimate.

Jump up ^ The figures for Saudi Arabia include expenditure for public order and safety and might be slightly overestimated.