document_title: Newport, Rhode Island

question_text: who was the colonial leader in rhode island that welcomed a jewish community to newport

text: Newport, Rhode Island

text: History[edit]

text: Colonial period[edit]

text: Newport was founded in 1639 on Aquidneck Island, which was called Rhode Island at the time. Its eight founders and first officers were Nicholas Easton, William Coddington, John Clarke, John Coggeshall, William Brenton, Jeremy Clark, Thomas Hazard, and Henry Bull. Many of these people had been part of the settlement at Portsmouth, along with Anne Hutchinson and her followers. They separated within a year of that settlement, however, and Coddington and others began the settlement of Newport on the southern side of the island.

text: Newport grew to be the largest of the four original settlements which became the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which also included Providence Plantations and Shawomett. Many of the first colonists in Newport became Baptists, and the second Baptist congregation in Rhode Island was formed in 1640 under the leadership of John Clarke. In 1658, a group of Jews were welcomed to settle in Newport; they were fleeing the Inquisition in Spain and Portugal but had not been permitted to settle elsewhere. The Newport congregation is now referred to as Congregation Jeshuat Israel and is the second-oldest Jewish congregation in the United States. It meets in Touro Synagogue, the oldest synagogue in the United States.

text: The Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations received its royal charter in 1663, and Benedict Arnold was elected as its first governor at Newport. The Old Colony House served as a seat of Rhode Island's government upon its completion in 1741 at the head of Washington Square, until the current Rhode Island State House in Providence was completed in 1904 and Providence became the state's sole capital city. Newport became the most important port in colonial Rhode Island, and a public school was established in 1640.

text: The commercial activity which raised Newport to its fame as a rich port was begun by a second wave of Portuguese Jews who settled there around the middle of the 18th century. They had been practicing Judaism in secret for 300 years in Portugal, and they were attracted to Rhode Island because of the freedom of worship there. They brought with them commercial experience and connections, capital, and a spirit of enterprise. Most prominent among those were Jacob Rodrigues Rivera, who arrived in 1745 (died 1789) and Aaron Lopez, who came in 1752 (died May 28, 1782). Rivera introduced the manufacture of sperm oil which became one of Newport's leading industries and made the town rich. Newport developed 17 manufactories of oil and candles and enjoyed a practical monopoly of this trade until the American Revolution.

text: Aaron Lopez is credited with making Newport an important center of trade.[6] He encouraged 40 Portuguese Jewish families to settle there, and Newport had 150 vessels engaged in trade within 14 years of his activity.[7] He was involved in the slave trade and manufactured spermaceti candles, ships, barrels, rum, chocolate, textiles, clothes, shoes, hats, and bottles.[8] He became the wealthiest man in Newport but was denied citizenship on religious grounds, even though British law protected the rights of Jews to become citizens.[9] He appealed to the Rhode Island legislature for redress and was refused with this ruling: "Inasmuch as the said Aaron Lopez hath declared himself by religion a Jew, this Assembly doth not admit himself nor any other of that religion to the full freedom of this Colony. So that the said Aaron Lopez nor any other of said religion is not liable to be chosen into any office in this colony nor allowed to give vote as a free man in choosing others."[10] Lopez persisted by applying for citizenship in Massachusetts, where it was granted.[11]

text: From the mid 17th century, the religious tolerance in Newport attracted numbers of Quakers, known also as the Society of Friends.[12] The Great Friends Meeting House in Newport (1699) is the oldest existing structure of worship in Rhode Island.

text: In 1727, James Franklin (brother of Benjamin) printed the Rhode-Island Almanack in Newport. In 1732, he published the first newspaper, the Rhode Island Gazette. In 1758, his son James founded the weekly newspaper Mercury. The famous 18th century Goddard and Townsend furniture was also made in Newport.

text: Throughout the 18th century, Newport suffered from an imbalance of trade with the largest colonial ports. As a result, Newport merchants were forced to develop alternatives to conventional exports.[13] In the 1720s, Colonial leaders arrested many pirates, acting under pressure from the British government. Many were hanged in Newport and were buried on Goat Island.

text: Slave trade[edit]

text: Newport was a major center of the slave trade in colonial and early America, active in the "triangle trade" in which slave-produced sugar and molasses from the Caribbean were carried to Rhode Island and distilled into rum, which was then carried to West Africa and exchanged for captives. In 1764, Rhode Island had about 30 rum distilleries, 22 in Newport alone. The Common Burial Ground on Farewell Street was where most of the slaves were buried.

text: Sixty percent of slave-trading voyages launched from North America issued from tiny Rhode Island, in some years more than 90%, and many from Newport. Almost half were trafficked illegally, breaking a 1787 state law prohibiting residents of the state from trading in slaves. Slave traders were also breaking federal statutes of 1794 and 1800 barring Americans from carrying slaves to ports outside the United States, as well as the 1807 Congressional act abolishing the transatlantic slave trade. A few Rhode Island families made substantial fortunes in the trade. William and Samuel Vernon were Newport merchants who later played an important role in financing the creation of the United States Navy; they sponsored 30 African slaving ventures. However, it was the DeWolfs of Bristol, Rhode Island, and most notably James De Wolf, who were the largest slave-trading family in all of North America, mounting more than 80 transatlantic voyages, most of them illegal. The Rhode Island slave trade was broadly based. Seven hundred Rhode Islanders owned or captained slave ships, including most substantial merchants, and many ordinary shopkeepers and tradesmen who purchased shares in slaving voyages.[14]

text: In addition to being one of America's most active slave ports, Newport was also home to a small community of abolitionists and free blacks. Reverend Samuel Hopkins, minister at Newport's First Congregational Church, has been called "America's first abolitionist."[15] Among subscribers to Hopkins' writings were 17 free black subscribers, most of whom lived in Newport.[15] This community of free blacks, including Newport Gardner, founded the Free African Union Society in 1780, the first African mutual aid society in America.[16]

text:
Touro Synagogue, America's oldest existing synagogue

Some of the historic buildings in Newport, near the coast

Oliver Perry Monument in Eisenhower Park

text: American Revolutionary era[edit]

text: Newport was the scene of much activity during the American Revolution. William Ellery came from Newport, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He later served on the Naval Committee.

text: In the winter of 1775 and 1776, the Rhode Island Legislature put militia General William West in charge of rooting out loyalists in Newport, and several notable individuals were exiled to the northern part of the state, such as Joseph Wanton and Thomas Vernon.[17] In the fall of 1776, the British saw that Newport could be used as a naval base to attack New York (which they had recently occupied), so they took over the city. The population of Newport had divided loyalties; many pro–independence Patriots left town, while loyalist Tories remained. Newport was a British stronghold for the next three years.

text: In the summer of 1778, the Americans began the campaign known as the Battle of Rhode Island. This was the first joint operation between the Americans and the French after the signing of the Treaty of Alliance. The Americans based in Tiverton planned a formal siege of the town. However, the French refused to take part in it, wanting a frontal assault. This weakened the American position, and the British were able to expel the Americans from the island. The following year, the British abandoned Newport, wanting to concentrate their forces in New York.

text: On July 10, 1780, a French expedition arrived in Narragansett Bay off Newport with an army of 450 officers and 5,300 men, sent by King Louis XVI and commanded by Rochambeau. For the rest of the war, Newport was the base of the French forces in the United States. In July 1781, Rochambeau was finally able to leave Newport for Providence to begin the decisive march to Yorktown, Virginia, along with General George Washington. The first Catholic mass in Rhode Island was said in Newport during this time. The Rochambeau Monument in Kings Park on Wellington Avenue along Newport Harbor commemorates Rochambeau's contributions to the Revolutionary War and to Newport's history.

text: Newport's population had fallen from over 9,000 (according to the census of 1774) to fewer than 4,000 by the time that the war ended (1783). Over 200 abandoned buildings were torn down in the 1780s. Also, the war destroyed Newport's economic wealth, as years of military occupation closed the city to any form of trade. The Newport merchants moved away, some to Providence, others to Boston and New York.

text: It was in Newport that the Rhode Island General Assembly voted to ratify the Constitution in 1791 and become the 13th state, acting under pressure from the merchant community of Providence.

text: The city was the last residence of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry and the birthplace of Commodore Matthew C. Perry and the Reverend William Ellery Channing.

text:
Rochambeau statue in Kings park

Newport's City Hall

text: Gilded Age[edit]

text: Beginning in the mid-nineteenth century, wealthy southern planters seeking to escape the heat began to build summer cottages on Bellevue Avenue, such as Kingscote (1839).[18] Around the middle of the century, wealthy Yankees, such as the Wetmore family, also began constructing larger mansions, such as Chateau-sur-Mer (1852) nearby.[19] Most of these early families made a substantial part of their fortunes in the Old China Trade.[20]

text: By the turn of the 20th century, many of the nation's wealthiest families were summering in Newport, including the Vanderbilts, Astors, and the Widener family, who constructed the largest "cottages", such as The Breakers (1895) and Miramar.[21] They resided for a brief summer social season in grand, gilded mansions with elaborate receiving rooms, dining rooms, music rooms, and ballrooms—but with few bedrooms, since the guests were expected to have "cottages" of their own. Many of the homes were designed by New York architect Richard Morris Hunt, who kept a house in Newport himself.

text: The social scene at Newport is described in Edith Wharton's novel The Age of Innocence. Wharton's own Newport "cottage" was called Land's End. Today, many mansions continue in private use. Hammersmith Farm is the mansion where John F. Kennedy and Jackie Kennedy held their wedding reception; it was open to tourists as a "house museum", but has since been purchased and reconverted into a private residence. Many other mansions are open to tourists; still others were converted into academic buildings for Salve Regina College in the 1930s, when the owners could no longer afford their tax bills.

text: In the mid-19th century, a large number of Irish immigrants settled in Newport. The Fifth Ward of Newport in the southern part of the city became a staunch Irish neighborhood for many generations. To this day, St. Patrick's Day is an important day of pride and celebration in Newport, with a large parade going down Thames Street.

text: The oldest Catholic parish in Rhode Island is St. Mary's, located on Spring Street—though the current building is not the original one.

text:
The Breakers, 2009

"Hypotenuse", Newport home of architect Richard Morris Hunt

text: 20th century and beyond[edit]

text: Rhode Island did not have a fixed capital during and after the colonial era but rotated its legislative sessions among Providence, Newport, Bristol, East Greenwich, and South Kingstown. In 1854, the sessions were eliminated in the cities other than Providence and Newport, and Newport was finally dropped in 1900. A constitutional amendment that year restricted the meetings of the legislature to Providence.[22]

text: John Fitzgerald Kennedy and Jacqueline Bouvier were married in St. Mary's Church in Newport on September 12, 1953.[23] Presidents Kennedy and Eisenhower both made Newport the sites of their "Summer White Houses" during their years in office. Eisenhower stayed at Quarters A at the Naval War College and at what became known as the Eisenhower House,[24] while Kennedy used Hammersmith Farm next door.

text: The city has long been entwined with the United States Navy. It held the campus of the U.S. Naval Academy during the American Civil War (1861–65) when the undergraduate officer training school was temporarily moved north from Annapolis, Maryland. From 1952 to 1973, it hosted the Cruiser-Destroyer Force of the U.S. Atlantic Fleet, and subsequently it has hosted smaller numbers of warships from time to time. Today it hosts the Naval Station Newport (NAVSTA Newport) and remains home to the U.S. Naval War College and the Naval Education and Training Command (NETC), the center for Surface Warfare Officer training, numerous other schools, and the headquarters of the Naval Undersea Warfare Center. The decommissioned aircraft carrier USS Saratoga (CV-60) was moored in an inactive status at the docks previously used by the Cruiser-Destroyer Force, until it was towed to Brownsville, Texas in August–September 2014 to be dismantled. The USS Forrestal (CV-59) shared the pier until June 2010.[citation needed]

text: The departure of the Cruiser-Destroyer fleet from Newport and the closure of nearby Naval Air Station Quonset Point in 1973 were devastating to the local economy. The population of Newport decreased, businesses closed, and property values plummeted. However, in the late 1960s, the city began revitalizing the downtown area with the construction of America's Cup Avenue, malls of stores and condominiums, and upscale hotels. Construction was completed on the Newport Bridge. The Preservation Society of Newport County began opening Newport's historic mansions to the public, and the tourist industry became Newport's primary commercial enterprise over the subsequent years.[25]

text: Geography[edit]

text: Newport is located at 41°29′17″N 71°18′45″W / 41.48806°N 71.31250°W / 41.48806; -71.31250. It is the most populous municipality on Aquidneck Island in Narragansett Bay. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.4 square miles (29.5 km2), of which 7.7 square miles (19.9 km2) is land and 3.7 square miles (9.6 km2), or 32.64%, is water.[26] The Newport Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in New England, connects Newport to neighboring Conanicut Island across the East Passage of the Narragansett.

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Historical population

Census
Pop.

%±

1790
6,716

—

1800
6,739

0.3%

1810
7,907

17.3%

1820
7,319

−7.4%

1830
8,010

9.4%

1840
8,333

4.0%

1850
9,563

14.8%

1860
10,508

9.9%

1870
12,521

19.2%

1880
15,693

25.3%

1890
19,457

24.0%

1900
22,441

15.3%

1910
27,149

21.0%

1920
30,255

11.4%

1930
27,612

−8.7%

1940
30,532

10.6%

1950
37,564

23.0%

1960
47,049

25.3%

1970
34,562

−26.5%

1980
29,259

−15.3%

1990
28,227

−3.5%

2000
26,475

−6.2%

2010
24,672

−6.8%

Est. 2016
24,779
[27]
0.4%

U.S. Decennial Census[28]

text: As of 2013, there were 24,027 people, 10,616 households, and 4,933 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,204.2 people per square mile (1,239.8/km²). There were 13,069 housing units at an average density of 1,697.3 per square mile (656.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 82.5% White, 6.9% African American, 0.8% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.1% some other race, and 5.2% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.4% of the population (3.3% Puerto Rican, 1.2% Guatemalan, 1.1% Mexican[29]).[30]

text: There were 10,616 households, out of which 21.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.9% were headed by married couples living together, 12.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 53.5% were non-families. 41.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.05, and the average family size was 2.82.[30]

text: The age distribution was 16.5% under the age of 18, 16.3% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.4 years. For every 100 females there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.[30]

text: For the period 2009-11, the estimated median annual income for a household in the city was $59,388, and the median income for a family was $83,880. Male full-time workers had a median income of $52,221 versus $41,679 for females. The per capita income for the city was $35,644. About 10.7% of the population were below the poverty line.[31]

text: Culture[edit]

text: Newport has one of the highest concentrations of colonial homes in the nation in the downtown Newport Historic District, one of three National Historic Landmark Districts in the city, and Newport's colonial heritage is well preserved and documented at the Newport Historical Society. In addition to the colonial architecture, the city is known for its Gilded Age mansions, summer "cottages" built in varying styles copied from the royal palaces of Europe.

text: The White Horse Tavern was built prior to 1673 and is one of the oldest taverns in the US.[32] Newport is also home to the Touro Synagogue, one of the oldest Jewish houses of worship in the Western hemisphere, and to the Newport Public Library and Redwood Library and Athenaeum, one of the nation's oldest lending libraries.

text:
Bellevue Avenue's Belcourt is owned by Carolyn Rafaelian.

Redwood Library and Athenaeum

Marble House, owned and operated by the Preservation Society

text: Outdoor activities[edit]

text: Aquidneck Island is home to many beaches, public and private. In Newport, the largest public beach, Easton's beach, or First Beach, has a view of the famed Cliff Walk. Sachuest Beach, or Second Beach, in Middletown is the second largest beach in the area. Gooseberry Beach is a private beach but is open to the public on certain days throughout the year, and is located on Ocean Drive, along with Newport's two other private beaches, Bailey's Beach (Spouting Rock Beach Association), and Hazard's Beach.

text: The Newport Cliff Walk is considered one of the most popular attractions in the city. It is a 3.5-mile (5.6 km) public access walkway bordering the shoreline, and has been designated a National Recreation Trail.

text: Brenton Point State Park is home to the annual Brenton Point Kite Festival. Newport is also home to the Newport Country Club. The historical club has played host to the 2007 Women's US Open and the 1995 Men's US Amateurs. Fort Adams, an historical fort dating back to the War of 1812, houses the Museum of Yachting and hosts both the Newport Folk Festival and the Newport Jazz Festival annually.

text: For many years Newport was home to the series of yacht races for the America's Cup.

text: As of Fall 2013, Newport has been designated a nationally recognized Bronze Bicycle Friendly Community by the League of American Bicyclists.[33] It is the first official Bicycle Friendly Community in the state of Rhode Island.

text: The International Tennis Hall of Fame is also located in Newport. The Campbell's Hall of Fame Tennis Championships, a men's ATP Tour event, is held every year in early July, the week following Wimbledon. The week also includes annual enshrinements into the Hall of Fame.

text: The annual Citizens Bank Pell Bridge Run is held every fall helping raise hundreds of thousands of dollars for local charities.[34]

text: Education[edit]

text:
Elementary schools: Pell Elementary School, St Michael's Country Day School.
Secondary schools: Portsmouth Abbey School (Portsmouth), St. George's School (Middletown), Thompson Middle School, Rogers High School, Newport Area Career and Technical Center, Aquidneck Island Adult Learning Center.
Post secondary schools: U.S. Naval Academy Preparatory School, Salve Regina University, Naval War College, International Yacht Restoration School, Community College of Rhode Island Newport Campus.

text: Economy[edit]

text: Principal employers[edit]

text: According to Newport's 2016 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[35] the principal employers in the city are:

text:
#
Employer
# of Employees

1
Naval Station Newport
4,219

2
Newport Hospital
926

3
City of Newport
924

4
Newport Harbor Corporation
622

5
Salve Regina University
580

6
Preservation Society of Newport County
366

7
James L. Maher Center
344

8
Savings Institute Bank & Trust
315

9
Gurney's Newport Resort and Marina
313

10
Newport Marriott
225

text: Sister cities[edit]

text:
Japan: Shimoda
 Ireland: Kinsale
 Portugal: Ponta Delgada
 Italy: Imperia
 Greece: Skiathos
 Canada: Saint John, New Brunswick
 United States of America: Staten Island, New York

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Newport was a filming location for The Great Gatsby (1974), Mr. North (1988), High Society (1956) and Moonrise Kingdom (2012).[36]

text: Notable people[edit]


document_title: Human development (biology)

question_text: what are the four stages of human development

root

text: Human development (biology)

text: Biological development[edit]

text: General aspects[edit]

text: Fertilization occurs when the sperm successfully enters the ovum's membrane. The genetical material of the sperm and egg that combine to form a single cell, called a zygote, and the germinal stage of prenatal development commences.[1] The germinal stage refers to the time from fertilization, through the development of the early embryo, up until implantation. The germinal stage is over at about 10 days of gestation.[2]

tag: p

text: The zygote contains a full complement of genetic material and develops into the embryo. Briefly, embryonic developments have four stages: the morula stage, the bastula stage, the gastrula stage, and the neurula stage. Prior to implantation, the embryo remains in a protein shell, the zona pellucida, and undergoes a series of cell divisions, called mitosis. A week after fertilization the embryo still has not grown in size, but hatches from the zona pellucida and adheres to the lining of the mother's uterus. This induces a decidual reaction, wherein the uterine cells proliferate and surround the embryo thus causing it to become embedded within the uterine tissue. The embryo, meanwhile, proliferates and develops both into embryonic and extra-embryonic tissue, the latter forming the fetal membranes and the placenta. In humans, the embryo is referred to as a fetus in the later stages of prenatal development. The transition from embryo to fetus is arbitrarily defined as occurring 8 weeks after fertilization. In comparison to the embryo, the fetus has more recognizable external features and a set of progressively developing internal organs. A nearly identical process occurs in other species.

text: Physical stages[edit]

text: The following are some approximate age ranges for physical development stages:

text:
Prenatal (sperm fertilizes egg – birth)

Embryo (fertilization – 8 weeks after fertilization)

Zygote, the single cell stage which occurs after fertilization
Blastocyst, the stage prior to implantation, when the embryo is a hollow sphere
Post-implantation embryo, the period 1–8 weeks after fertilization (3 to 10 weeks' gestation)

Fetus, (10th week of pregnancy – birth)

tag: ul

text:
Childhood/Juvenile (Childbirth) (0–5)

Neonate (newborn) (0–28 days)
Infant (baby) (1 month – 12 months)
Toddler (1–2 years)
Play age (3–5 years)

Primary school age (middle childhood also called prepubescence) (6–11)

Elementary school age (6–8)
Preadolescence (The child in this and the previous phase are called schoolchild (schoolboy or schoolgirl), when still of primary school age.) (9–11 years)

Adolescence (12–18 years)

Peripuberty (8–12)
Puberty (13–17)

Adulthood (19+ years)

Young adulthood (19–39 years)
Middle adulthood (40–60 years)
Elder/Senior citizen (60+ years)

Death (unpredictable)

Decomposition (breakdown of the body after death)

text: Also sometimes used are terms that specify one's age in numbers, such as:

text:
Baby (0)
Toddler (1–2)
Preschooler (3–4)
Main childhood (5–9)
Pre-teenager (10–12)
Teenager (13–19)
Twentysomething (20–29)
Thirtysomething (30–39)
Fortysomething (40–49)
Fiftysomething (50–59)
Sixtysomething (60–69)
Seventysomething (70–79)
Eightysomething (80–89)
Ninetysomething (90–99)
Centenarian (100–109)
Supercentenarian (110+)

text: The Tanner stages can be used to approximately judge a child's age based on physical development.


document_title: Gavin & Stacey

question_text: where was gavin and stacey filmed in wales

text: Gavin & Stacey

text: Scenario[edit]

text: The show follows the romance between Gavin, from Billericay in Essex, and Stacey, from Barry in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales. Initially, Gavin lives with his parents, Pam and Mick, and spends most of his time with his best friend, Smithy. Stacey lives with her widowed mother, Gwen, and is frequently visited by her uncle, Bryn, who lives across the road, and by her best friend Nessa. The series follows the key moments in their relationship: their first meeting, meeting each other's families, getting engaged, marrying, looking for a flat, briefly splitting up, looking for new jobs and trying for children.

text: The characters of Gavin and Stacey provide the emotional core of the story. The show focuses on the situations that arise when their relationship brings their two differing families together. As a result, episodes often focus on the key events in life that bring wider families and close friends together such as weddings, christenings, birthday parties and Christmases. However, the show also presents the families interacting in deliberately non-dramatic situations, such as a visit to the beach and nights out.

text: A significant second storyline follows the contrasting relationship between Smithy and Nessa. Despite their dislike for each other, they have several one-night stands, leading to Nessa becoming pregnant and having their baby. Whilst Gavin and Stacey are the clear main characters, towards the end of the show's run, the dramatic emphasis switches slightly from them, as they resolve their distance issues, to Smithy and Nessa, as Nessa becomes engaged to another man.

text: Other storylines that run throughout the course of the three series include Pam's fake vegetarianism, Bryn and his nephew Jason's struggle to keep the events of their disastrous fishing trip a secret (with the outcome never actually being revealed), and the ridiculously rocky marriage of Pam's friends Pete and Dawn.

text: Characters and cast[edit]

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Gavin Shipman (Mathew Horne) – nicknamed "Gav", "Gavlar", or "Gavilar", the level-headed protagonist from Billericay, Essex.
Stacey Shipman (née West) (Joanna Page) – bubbly protagonist from Barry.
Neil "Smithy" Smith (James Corden) – Gavin's oldest and closest friend who also lives in Billericay, Essex.
Vanessa Shanessa "Nessa" Jenkins (Ruth Jones) – Stacey's oldest and closest friend, who is also from Barry.
Michael "Mick" Shipman (Larry Lamb) – Gavin's down-to-earth father.
Pamela Andrea "Pam" Shipman (née Gryglaszewska) (Alison Steadman) – Gavin's house-proud and over-protective mother.
Bryn West (Rob Brydon) – known as "Uncle Bryn"; Stacey's protective, yet naïve uncle, and Gwen's brother-in-law.
Gwen West (Melanie Walters) – Stacey's caring, widowed mother. She also has an older son, Jason.

text: Supporting roles[edit]

text:
Jason West (Robert Wilfort) – Stacey's gay older brother, who lives in Spain.
Dawn Sutcliffe (Julia Davis) – a close friend of Pam and Mick, who frequently has public arguments with husband Pete.
Peter "Pete" Sutcliffe (Adrian Scarborough) – a close friend of Pam and Mick, husband to Dawn, with whom he frequently has public arguments.
David Lloyd 'Dave "Coaches"' Gooch (Steffan Rhodri) – local coach driver, later fiancé to Nessa. He appeared in the first episode when Stacey went to London to meet Gavin.
Doris O'Neill (Margaret John) – elderly but lively neighbour to Gwen, and close friend of the West family.
Ruth 'Rudi' Smith (Sheridan Smith) – Smithy's immature, but loving, younger sister who also likes to be called 'Smithy'. Works at a fast food restaurant in Billericay.
Catherina 'Cath' Smith (Pam Ferris) – Smithy's single mother, suffers from 'a mild form of narcolepsy' (which Pam thinks is a cover for a drinking problem).
Dirtbox (Andrew Knott) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy.
Deano (Mathew Baynton) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy's, who works with Smithy as a builder and appears to be very dim-witted.
Budgie (Russell Tovey) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy.
Chinese Alan (Dominic Gaskell) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy, he has this nickname despite not being Chinese but it appears to be connected with his catchphrase; 'Did someone order a Chinese?'.
Craig 'Fingers' (Samuel Anderson) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy, who has an on/off relationship with Stacey's friend Louise, after they meet at the wedding and have sex in a back room.
Jesus (Daniel Curtis) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy.
Gary (Jason Gregg) and Simon – friends of Gavin and Smithy, who are never just Gary or Simon.
Swede (John Grisley) – a friend of Gavin and Smithy.
Louise (Ffion Williams) – a friend of Stacey and Nessa, who has an on/off relationship with Gavin and Smithy's friend Fingers, after they meet at the wedding and have sex in a back room.
Anje (Beth Granville) – a friend of Stacey and Nessa.
Neil Jenkins (Huw Dafydd) – Nessa's father, rarely seen in Barry, came for Neil the Baby's christening.
Owain Hughes (Steve Meo) – Website Manager in Gavin's new job in Cardiff. He has the cocky but confusing catchphrase: 'Owain Hughes, and before you ask, no I don't'.
Dick Powell (Gwynfor Roberts) – the only full Welsh speaking inhabitant of Barry (aside from the Welsh nationalists in the caravan park), he works on the black market selling meat.
Neil Noel Edmond 'the Baby' Smith (Ewan Kennedy, Oscar Hartland) – Smithy and Nessa's son and named after both Smithy and Nessa's father who are both called Neil (first name), Nessa's mate from Hear'Say, Noel Sullivan and Smithy's Grandad Edmond (middle name). In the episode of the christening, Gavin humorously says that Neil is named after Noel Edmonds.

text: Character names[edit]

text: The use of the surnames of known English serial killers for some of the main characters – Shipman, West and Sutcliffe — was condemned by some victims and their relatives.[3][4] Ruth Jones said the choice was deliberate: "I suppose we were hoping that people wouldn't realise and then when it does come to light, it's even more delicious...."[3][5]

text: Guest appearances[edit]

text: Although the production team received requests, the show declined to use celebrity guests for cameo roles in the 2008 Christmas special.[6] However, both Noel Sullivan and John Prescott made brief cameo appearances at the end of the final series.[7] Both figures had formed the basis of long-running jokes throughout the series. Nessa occasionally refers to Sullivan as her housemate; a member of the band she initially lives with. Nessa had also claimed to have had an affair with Prescott.

text: Plot[edit]

text: Series 1[edit]

text: The initial series begins with the lives of the title characters, Gavin Shipman (Mathew Horne) and Stacey West (Joanna Page). Gavin is 28 and lives at home in Billericay, Essex, with his parents. Mick (Larry Lamb) and Pam (Alison Steadman). He and Stacey, along with their respective best friends Neil "Smithy" Smith (James Corden) and Nessa Jenkins (Ruth Jones), go out on a double date. The night ends with Gavin and Stacey returning to a hotel room and sleeping together, as do Smithy and Nessa. Gavin and Stacey become infatuated with each other, but Smithy and Nessa are happy to forget their drunken one-night stand and make little contact with one another afterwards. In the rest of the series, Gavin and Stacey continue their long-distance relationship before becoming engaged and getting married. The series ends with Nessa going to inform Smithy that he is the father of her child but changes her mind at the last minute.

text: Series 2[edit]

text: The second series begins with the newlyweds arriving from a honeymoon in Greece. The in-laws meet again at the Shipman's house in Essex, where Nessa has some shocking revelations – especially for Smithy, who learns that she is pregnant with his baby, and although he makes it clear he thoroughly dislikes the woman, he is generally civil and supportive towards her about their child. Meanwhile, Gavin and Stacey, living at Pam and Mick's house, run into trouble when Stacey struggles to find a job and becomes home-sick for Barry and her family. The couple try to overcome their problem by looking for an apartment or house in Essex, but Stacey is still dissatisfied and is considering moving back to South Wales to be with her family. In the final episode of the series, Stacey takes off her wedding ring, much to the upset of Gavin, but this is interrupted by the news of Nessa unexpectedly going into labour a month early. Pam, Mick and Stacey hurry across to Wales, whilst Gavin rushes to find Smithy with Smithy's sister, Rudi (Sheridan Smith), eventually finding him in the pub watching football. They arrive to find that Nessa has given birth to a boy, Neil. Gavin and Stacey decide to put their differences aside and are together once again.

text: Christmas Special[edit]

text: An extended Christmas special involves Stacey's family, along with Nessa and her partner, Dave Coaches (Steffan Rhodri), spending Christmas with Gavin's parents. Gavin reveals that he has found a job in Cardiff, which at first causes upset for Pam and Smithy, but they both learn to accept it. Gavin later admits to Smithy that he is moving to Barry with Stacey in order to save his marriage. Smithy also gets upset when he feels that Dave, who lives with the baby, Neil, is replacing him as a father. Smithy is furthermore unhappy after Dave proposes to Nessa (with the ring enclosed in a cigarette packet), and she accepts.

text: Series 3[edit]

text: Gavin begins on his new job in Wales and his parents and Smithy travel to Wales for Neil's christening. In the next episode Gavin and Stacey, and Nessa and her child Neil, spend the weekend at Pam and Mick's, and after a drunken night, it is believed that Nessa and Smithy may have once again had sex after waking up in bed together the next morning. Gavin and Stacey begin trying for a baby and Stacey is upset and disappointed when she learns that they may not be able to have children. Gavin becomes depressed and preoccupied with this issue, and in an attempt to cheer him up, Pam, Mick and Smithy arrange a surprise trip to Barry beach on a sunny bank holiday. Nessa and Dave also run into trouble after Dave learns about her alleged sexual intercourse with Smithy, but the two decide to go ahead with the wedding. In the final episode, Stacey discovers she is pregnant after all, and the couple are overjoyed and excited. Smithy shows up at Nessa and Dave's wedding ceremony with Neil, pleading for her not to marry him, and accusing her of not loving Dave. Dave, much to everyone's surprise, agrees with Smithy that Nessa does not love him, and the ceremony is called off. The series ends showing the four (Gavin, Stacey, Nessa and Smithy) on Barry beachfront, with a heavily pregnant Stacey.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: The series consists of twenty episodes, broadcast over three series, and a Christmas Eve special. The first series comprised six half-hour episodes and first aired in 2007, from 13 May to 10 June 2007. The show was extended to seven episodes for the second series, which first ran in 2008, from 16 March to 20 April. The 2008 Christmas Eve special was an hour long. The third series reverted to six episodes and began on 26 November 2009, with the last two episodes of the series and show being aired on Christmas Day 2009 and New Year's Day 2010.

text: The BBC has also broadcast several documentaries alongside the show, examining the making of the show and showcasing a selection of 'out-takes' from the filming.

text: Production[edit]

text: The idea for the show occurred to actor James Corden during a wedding reception, and he then developed the idea with co-writer Ruth Jones, whom he had met during the filming of ITV drama Fat Friends. Corden claims to have been inspired by the story of his own real life best friend Gavin, who met his wife over the phone at work, and arranged to meet. They presented it to the BBC as a one-off play, but the BBC instead asked for a full series.[8] The roles of Gavin and Stacey were cast through an auditioning process, but were almost immediately given to Mathew Horne and Joanna Page on the strength of their chemistry together. The roles of Nessa and Smithy were written by Corden and Jones for themselves. Some roles were written with certain actors in mind; Uncle Bryn was written specifically for Rob Brydon, who had been to school with Jones, whilst Pam was written specifically for Alison Steadman, who had also worked on Fat Friends. Jones had worked with Julia Davis in her sitcom Nighty Night, and the role of Dawn was written with her in mind. Additionally, Corden had appeared with Adrian Scarborough in the Alan Bennett-penned play and film, The History Boys, which led to him being cast in the role of Pete. An audition process was used to cast the roles of Mick and Gwen, whilst the roles of Gavin's friends were given to Corden's co-stars in The History Boys.

text: Although the programme is set in Billericay, Essex, and Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, the three series were shot largely in Cardiff (which acted as the city itself but also as parts of Billericay), and also in Barry itself and the surrounding area, including Dinas Powys, Sully and Penarth. The show's popularity has been credited with boosting the tourist trade to Barry and its popular seafront of Barry Island, through visitors wishing to visit the various filming locations. Gavin's house was set in Billericay but was actually filmed on location in Laburnam Way, Dinas Powys in Wales. The opening episode features location shooting in Leicester Square in London which was filmed in 2006. [7][9][10]

text: After the debut of the show on BBC Three, a second series was soon commissioned. Speaking about the second series, Corden said "It's the show that we wanted to make. If people like it, they like it: if they don't, they don't. That's a nice feeling, that's quite freeing... There's more of a journey and more of a story. We hope the viewers will feel like they've been taken on a little trip by it", while Jones said "Series one had a very specific storyline to it, boy meets girl and it ends in a wedding. We don't have the same type of storyline in the second series. It's now girl lives with boy's parents in Essex and the joys that might entail."[11]

text: There was initially uncertainty over whether a third series would be produced. In an April 2008 interview, Jones said "We never intended to write a second series let alone a third. We don't want it to become predictable. We will see how the Christmas special goes and take it from there." Corden added: "We will write one if we can make it better. We have to be true to ourselves."[12] Corden and Jones completed the final draft of the Christmas Special by September 2008, although they ruled out writing the third series at the time due to pressures of other work, and repeating the wish not to produce a sub-standard script.[6] After the 2008 Christmas special premiere, BBC Three aired a making-of documentary about the special, titled 12 Days of Christmas.[13]

text: Corden and Jones eventually announced there would be a third series produced, on 21 December 2008 just before the 2008 Christmas special aired, as Jones performed her final BBC Radio Wales Sunday Brunch radio show to a live audience on Barry Island.[14][15]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The first and second series were premièred on the digital only channel BBC Three, and were promoted to repeat airings on BBC Two. The 2008 Christmas Special and third series were first aired on BBC One, by which time the first and second series had also been repeated on BBC One.[14] The penultimate episode of the series, on Christmas Day 2009, was the fourth most watched programme of the day.[7] The show's finale on the following New Year's Day was the fifth most watched programme on that day, behind EastEnders, Coronation Street and Doctor Who.[7]

text:
Episode
Aired
Viewers
Episode
Aired
Viewers
Episode
Aired
Viewers

Special
24 December 2008
7,190,000[16]

1.1
13 May 2007
543,000[17]
2.1
16 March 2008
1,894,000[18]
3.1
26 November 2009
6,414,000[19]

1.2
13 May 2007
588,000[17]
2.2
16 March 2008
1,869,000[20]
3.2
3 December 2009
6,410,000[21]

1.3
20 May 2007
550,000[22]
2.3
23 March 2008
1,480,000[20]
3.3
10 December 2009
6,530,000[21]

1.4
27 May 2007
557,000[23]
2.4
30 March 2008
1,799,000[24]
3.4
17 December 2009
6,680,000[19]

1.5
3 June 2007
544,000[25]
2.5
6 April 2008
1,601,000[26]
3.5
25 December 2009
10,000,000[21]

1.6
10 June 2007
569,190
2.6
13 April 2008
1,401,000[27]
3.6
1 January 2010
10,250,000[21]

2.7
20 April 2008
1,354,000[28]

tag: table

text: Awards[edit]

text: The show was nominated for and won several awards throughout its run, with two notable wins being the British Academy Television Awards (BAFTAs) Audience Award, and the British Comedy Awards Best TV Comedy Award, both in 2008.

text: In the December 2007 British Comedy Awards, the show won Best New British TV Comedy, losing in the Best New TV Comedy category to Peep Show. James Corden and Ruth Jones won Best Male and Female Comedy Newcomer respectively, with fellow cast members Mathew Horne and Joanna Page having also been nominated in the same categories. The show was also named Best New British TV Sitcom in the 2007 The Comedy.co.uk Awards.[29]

text: In April 2008 the show won two awards in the BAFTAs, the Audience Award, and Best Comedy Performance for James Corden.[30] In December 2008 the show won Best TV Comedy in the 2008 British Comedy Awards. In the 2009 BAFTAs Rob Brydon was nominated for Best Comedy Performance as Bryn.

text: In the National Television Awards in January 2010, Gavin and Stacey won the award for Best Comedy[31]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: Immediately after the end of series 2, in April 2008 The Guardian described the show as the "BBC 3's biggest breakout comedy hit since Little Britain", while Deborah Orr wrote that the show was "amiable, unpretentious, well-scripted, nicely acted and archly amusing. It's a good series, taking its place in a well-worn comedic progression, stretching back to The Liver Birds".[12][32]

text: Just before the third series aired, The Independent described how the show had developed from a respectable début on BBC3 to an award-winning show with mainstream popularity after the BBC2 Christmas special, although it noted a perception from some that the show shouldn't "get above itself". With its mainstream acceptance however, it was of the opinion that the show had all the ingredients to become an "audience-pleasing family sitcom in the tradition of Only Fools and Horses and The Royle Family – churning out series after series and Christmas special after Christmas special", although by then, the writers had already ruled out future full series.[33]

text: Future[edit]

text: News of future series and specials has been inconsistent, with some cast members often speculating about more material whilst others deny it. Once the third series was completed, Corden and Jones categorically ruled out making any future series of the show. Corden said "There will never be another series of the show, I think Ruth and I are definite about that.", while Jones said, "Where would we go with it?...No, it's really time to say goodbye to these characters now". Jones ruled out a film version, declaring the show "very much belongs to the little screen, not the big one".[33]

text: Immediately after the show's series three finale, fans began internet campaigns for a fourth series to be produced, while other cast members expressed mixed views.[34][35][36]

text: However, whilst the cast and crew have ruled out the possibility of another series, many have hinted at the possibility of another future Christmas "special". After the third series, James Corden stated: 'As far as "specials" are concerned, I think if we had an idea for a story with these characters then maybe, but I don't think that'll happen any time soon.' In January 2010, Larry Lamb predicted a future Christmas "special", stating 'Clearly the audience loves it and I would be very surprised if it did not come back for a Christmas episode.' In September 2010, writer Ruth Jones also discussed the possibility of a future one-off "special". She stated 'A lot of it is to do with logistics, because we haven't ruled out doing a "special" at some point in the future, but we're not doing one this Christmas.' Alison Steadman welcomed the suggestion, stating, 'A "special" would be great. I think another series... perhaps, the story's been told. But a "special" would be... I'd love that, I'd absolutely love it if that happened.'[37]

text: Appearing on the 2011 edition of the Ruth Jones Christmas Box for BBC, James Corden, a guest, talked with Jones about the possibility of writing another show. They both agreed that, one day, they would make a "special", although no date was set, as they were yet to think of a good enough plot. They agreed that if it were to happen, it must not disappoint. Ruth said she would love to make a musical of the show, and both she and James sang a couple of lines, in character, to see how it would work.

text: Mathew Horne, whilst appearing on the Alan Carr: Chatty Man talk show on Channel 4 on Friday 22 July 2011 speculated there might have been "something happening" with Gavin & Stacey in 2012. When he appeared on Loose Women on 13 September 2012, he doubted the production of a full series, but claimed a special episode was possible, citing it as a Hallowe'en or Bonfire Night special rather than a Christmas special, stating like he'd "love to see Gavin and Smithy go trick or treating". Speaking in October 2013, Mathew Horne said he would love to star in a fourth series, but admitted it would be a "risk" to do another series in case it didn't live up to expectations.

text: James Corden said in November 2013 that he would love to work with Ruth Jones again but he didn't know if it would be to make more Gavin and Stacey or something new but he did say he would like to pop in on the Gavin and Stacey characters in a one off special.

text: Ruth Jones said in January 2014 that she would like to work with Corden again and make a Gavin & Stacey special or a film.

text: In October 2014, Joanna Page said that Gavin & Stacey would not return as she thought that the show ended in 2010.

text: In March 2016, Ruth Jones denied claims that Gavin & Stacey would be returning, saying "there are no plans to make a new one."[38]

text: American adaptations[edit]

text: NBC (2008)[edit]

text: In March 2008, it was reported the American network NBC had bought the rights to produce an American remake from Baby Cow Productions. Initial ideas according to Corden were to have Gavin coming from New Jersey and Stacey from South Carolina, meeting up in New York City.[8] In December 2008 however, Jones stated "There was a script written for NBC. They optioned it, but then that went away. I read the script and it wasn't great to be honest with you. But now ABC are looking into writing a pilot and hopefully that will work out".[39] At the time, both Corden and Jones were reportedly acting as executive producers of the ABC version, while interviewing other people for the job of writing the adaptation.[40]

text: ABC pilot (2009–10)[edit]

text: In September 2009 it was reported that ABC had ordered a pilot for an American remake, to be written by Stacy Traub and Hayes Jackson, and produced by BBC Worldwide.[41][42] Although one year later, it was confirmed that the project had been cancelled. A source said: “It’s a massive shame as we had high hopes for the show. We loved the idea of seeing how the characters would have worked across the pond.”[43]

text: Fox (2013–14): Us & Them[edit]

text: On 8 May 2013, Fox announced that an American remake, Us & Them, would be broadcast in the network's 2013–14 schedule. Thirteen episodes were ordered. However, on 11 October 2013, it was revealed that only 6 episodes would air after production went into early hiatus, a hiatus which then became permanent. In June 2014, Fox announced that the 6 episodes would never air on the network.

text: International broadcasts[edit]

text: Gavin & Stacey has aired on BBC Entertainment, BBC America and BBC Canada channels. In addition, it has also screened in Australia (Seven Network, 7TWO, ABC2 and UK-TV), Belgium/Flanders (Acht), Israel (HOT V.O.D and Yes Stars Comedy), Ireland (RTÉ Two), in The Netherlands (RTL 8), Iceland (Stöð 2), New Zealand (TV ONE), Portugal (RTP2), Sweden (SVT) and Spain/Catalonia (3XL).

text: Other depictions[edit]

text: Characters from the show have gone on to appear outside the series' episodes in aid of various charitable causes.

text: Barry Islands in the Stream[edit]

text: In the fifth episode of the second series (6 April 2008), for Gwen's birthday barn dance, Bryn and Nessa perform a duet of "Islands in the Stream". On 21 February 2009, this was adapted into "Barry Islands In The Stream", a musical mini-sketch aired for Comic Relief. In a storyline that sees Bryn and Nessa invited to compete in the World Karaoke Championships in Las Vegas, Nessa bumps into her old friend Tom Jones, who joins them on stage, and also features Bee Gee Robin Gibb. Also released as a charity single, it debuted in the number one spot on the UK Singles Chart on 15 March 2009.[44]

text: For Red Nose Day 2009 on 13/14 March, the main telethon event for Comic Relief, a second sketch was aired where James Corden, in character as Smithy, has a chance encounter with the England national football team and proceeds to give them some advice on tactics and teamwork. "Barry Islands In The Stream" was also performed live for the Top of the Pops 2009 Red Nose Day special.

text: Smithy[edit]

text: There have been two charity episodes depicted as a "spin-off" of Gavin & Stacey called Smithy, starring James Corden as the title character.

text: For Sport Relief 2010 on 19 March 2010, Corden appeared again as Smithy in a long sketch about coaching. Corden had previously recorded a live 9 minute segment during the December 2009 BBC Sports Personality of the Year awards ceremony. It sees Smithy being presented with the Coach of the Year Award for his unsung coaching influence on several British sports stars. As he jokes with the audience he declares he can't accept the award, and goes on to rant at the assembled sporting stars for having 'lost their way' and focusing on celebrity, ending on a rousing appeal to get back to basics, leaving hosts Sue Barker and Gary Lineker in mock tears. As a backstory, sketches are shown of how Smithy coached Tom Daley, Andrew Flintoff, Andy Murray, Jenson Button, David Beckham and the Manchester United team.[45]

text: On 19 December 2010, Corden appeared as Smithy in the live ceremony for the 2010 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Awards, announcing that Sport Relief had raised over £44m, expressing his doubts that England manager Fabio Capello would win the coach of the year award, and giving the 15 times Darts World Champion Phil Taylor his backing as a candidate for the main award, praising his dedication to training by going down the pub every night sinking pints.

text: There was another episode of Smithy for the 2011 Comic Relief appeal guest starring Lenny Henry, Richard Curtis, George Michael, Dermot O'Leary, JLS (Aston Merrygold, Marvin Humes, Oritsé Williams and JB Gill), Davina McCall, Rupert Grint, Tom Felton, Sebastian Coe, Gordon Brown, Robert Winston, Roger Lloyd-Pack, Rio Ferdinand, Keira Knightley, Richard Madeley, Clare Balding, Tom Daley, Justin Bieber and surviving Beatles Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr.

text: Corden appeared as Smithy again on Michael McIntyre's Christmas Roadshow on BBC One on 25 December 2011. The sketch showed Smithy in a dating-show style spoof with Miranda Hart as her TV alter ego.

text: He again appeared at Comic Relief, this time in 2013, in the live studio itself. He went on to rant about all the world's issues and his opinions on them.

text: Corden appeared as the character again for 2016's Sport Relief, where Smithy campaigns to be elected as Sepp Blatter's replacement as the president of FIFA.

text: Channel 4 Comedy Gala[edit]

text: On 30 March 2010, Corden and Jones appeared in character as Smithy and Nessa as part of Channel 4's Comedy Gala, held at the O2 Arena in London in aid of Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, broadcast on Channel 4 on 5 April 2010. Following on from the events of the final episode, they arrive in London on a day trip from Barry Island, with Neil the baby in tow.[46]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text:
Title
No. of discs
Year
No. of episodes
Release dates

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4

Complete Series 1
1
2007
6
5 May 2009
29 October 2007
2 April 2009

Complete Series 2
2
2008
7
27 September 2011[47]
10 November 2008
1 April 2010

Christmas Special
1
2008
1
—
6 April 2009
29 June 2010

Complete Series 3
2
2009–2010
6
27 September 2011[48]
7 December 2009
29 June 2010

Complete Series 1 & 2
3
2007–2008
13
—
10 November 2008
—

Complete Series 1 – 3
6
2007–2010
20
27 September 2011[48]
7 December 2009
4 November 2010

text: The decision was made by BBC Worldwide to release the full DVD box set of series three on the 7 December 2009, in time for the Christmas rush, despite not all of the series having aired in the UK. There was some criticism, with Liberal Democrat media spokesperson Don Foster saying it devalued the licence fee.[49] Despite this release, subsequent episodes still saw some of the show's highest viewing figures.[21]


document_title: Bad Education (TV series)

question_text: how many episodes in bad education series 1

text: Bad Education (TV series)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: The series focuses on Alfie Wickers (Whitehall), a posh, newly graduated secondary school history teacher at the fictional Abbey Grove School, in Watford[9] or Tring,[10] Hertfordshire. Ever determined to impress his crush, Rosie Gulliver (Solemani) Wickers makes repeated efforts to appear "cool", such as coaching the school football team, organising a weapons amnesty and fielding a candidate for the school elections. Usually, in these efforts, he turns to his mismatched class for help, despite them often disapproving of his actions. They are teacher's pet Joe (Lawrence), tough guy Mitchell (Wernham), wheelchair-bound rudeboy Rem Dog (Binstead), inappropriately flirtatious Chantelle (Runeckles), camp Stephen (Williams), the studious Jing (Alexander) and outwardly fiery Cleopatra (Opia).

text: At the same time, Wickers finds himself having to deal with the shenanigans of his eccentric headmaster, Shaquille "Simon" Fra$er (Horne) and meet the expectations of a string of deputy heads: at first demanding dictator Isobel Pickwell (Gomez), then the ruthless yet cringeworthy Professor Celia "Pro Green" Green (Spiro), and then his own father, dramatically inappropriate Martin Wickers (Enfield). It is clarified in the final season that the entire show spans a single academic year.

text: Production[edit]

text: The first series started airing on 14 August 2012. On 23 August 2012, it was announced that Bad Education would have a second series.[11] The second series began airing on BBC Three on 3 September 2013.[4] Part of the second series was filmed at St. Michael's Catholic High School, Finchley, London. Bad Education was also partly filmed at the former site of Ashmount Primary School on Hornsey Lane on 12 and 13 May 2013.[citation needed] Scenes were also filmed at the former Salesian College in Battersea, south west London. Parts of Series 3 were filmed at Ricards Lodge High School in Merton.

text: Characters[edit]

text: Staff[edit]

text:
Alfie Wickers (portrayed by Jack Whitehall) – Alfie is a history teacher at Abbey Grove School. He has a hard time managing and disciplining his students, who generally treat him with downright rudeness, is often harassed by them and is even bullied by one pupil, but frequently recruits them to help save him from difficult situations. His classes are eccentric, using teaching techniques such as Class Wars (re-enacted battles with tables as trenches and wheelchairs as tanks) and seances to summon the spirit of Hitler in his lessons. Though he pretends in front of the staff that he fully respects school rules, he frequently lets his students break them and regularly breaks them himself. Born 17 June 1988, he attended the posh Middleton House school, where he was often bullied by students and staff, something he is still quite ashamed and haunted by. His pupils wrongly maintain that it was a posh, upper-class boarding school where students practice homosexuality. Before coming to Abbey Grove, he worked at a B&Q home improvement store. He is terrible at football and athletics in general, but is an accomplished Irish dancer, and does manage to win the "Parent vs Teacher" race in "Sports Day". Alfie has a crush on one of his fellow teachers, Rosie Gulliver, and spent a lot of time trying to figure out ways to impress her, though he was frequently unsuccessful. By the end of Series 1, he had begun a relationship with her, but when Series 2 began, the relationship had been over for some time. In the first episode of Series 3, he and Rosie were now cohabiting, but she moves out after he wrongly accuses her of cheating. Alfie openly agrees that he doesn't know if his relationship with Rosie is over or not. He was disgusted when his father Martin Wickers (Enfield) started a relationship with his old flame and Abbey Grove's short-lived Deputy Headmistress Professor Celia Green. Alfie later learnt that Martin and Celia were engaged. Though opposed to this at first, he later accepted it, since Celia makes his father happy. He briefly felt sorry for his father when the relationship ends, allowing his father to move in with him, and annoying Rosie. But this quickly turned into a rivalry when his father becomes the new Deputy Headmaster. He is also shown to be a fan of Michael Bublé and was given his album Christmas by Rosie in the Christmas Special. He returns to his old job for one week because he finds saying goodbye to graduating students too difficult. But he is persuaded by his students and Rosie to return to teaching. He is often called "Dickers" by people who detest him, besides Mitchell who ends up respecting him.
Shaquille Banter "Simon" Fra$er (portrayed by Mathew Horne) – Shaquille Fra$er, usually referred to by his surname, is the Headmaster of Abbey Grove. He is immature, irresponsible and generally incapable for the position which he held. He thought of himself as an intelligent person and enjoys wordplay and metaphor, though it embarrassed his staff frequently. In the first episode of Series 1, he shows some romantic interest in Rosie Gulliver, but does not pursue it throughout future episodes and series. On several occasions he showed that he was bad at communicating with parents and is insensitive to religious and racial issues, such as when he mistakenly believed England had instituted a religious items ban in the school and went around confiscating crucifixes from students, and when he said the word "nigger" to a black person, later remarking that "that word is probably best left to rappers". He was generally unfazed by such incidents and had a very casual attitude about them. He legally changed the spelling of his surname to "Fra$er", but it often appeared on signs as "Fraser" or "Frazer". In the Bad Education Handbook, it is implied that he legally changed his middle name to "Banter", a word that he is often obsessed with. In the Series 1 finale, he underwent a review by the educational board when a video of him accidentally showing an inappropriate video to students goes viral. He retains his job, but admits in season 3 that he is no longer allowed to supervise exams. In Series 2, he was conned for all the school's remaining finances, meaning that they are forced to make 'swingeing' cuts. In Series 3, it is revealed that he lost all of the money raised in "Fundraiser" at the end of Series 2 by investing in his own clothing range. As a result, one member of staff was going to be fired, but when Alfie resigned, he sold his flat so that Alfie could keep his job. He is continually undermined by his Deputies and did not, with the exception of Martin, have a good relationship with them. In the final episode, he becomes inconsolable about Alfie leaving the school, hiding his upset behind childish insults.
Isobel Pickwell (portrayed by Michelle Gomez) (Series 1 – 2) – Miss Pickwell is the Deputy Headmistress at Abbey Grove. She is a very strict woman who believed in rigid discipline. Alfie often compares her to an SS Officer and makes fun of her fascist views. She was deeply conservative and religious, with contempt for what she believes are Rosie's attempts to turn the school into a "hippie commune": during her own sexual education class, she reads passages from the Bible to her students that forbid premarital sex. Her classroom and office are dark and bleak, with the only decorations being various pictures of dictatorial heads of state. She frequently schemes for more power, and nearly succeeds in unseating Fraser as Headmaster in the final episode of Series 1, until Jing proved that she had been stealing money from the school by lying about her expenses. Alfie and Rosie blackmail her into telling the board that Fraser is an excellent headmaster in exchange for them not exposing her. In the same episode, she reveals that she hasn't cried since 1990 – "when [Thatcher] was hounded out of office by her own party." In Series 2, upon learning of Rosie's lesbian relationship with Alex Scott, she secretly confesses to having previous lesbian relationships and attempted unsuccessfully to flirt with Rosie. Although in the Bad Education Handbook, she (correctly) predicts that Rosie's sexuality was a phase and that she would soon return to heterosexuality. In Funeral, she is believed to have died after committing suicide over the abuse received from Alfie's class, culminating in her being covered in glue whilst being distracted when answering a staged "phone a friend". In her suicide note, she directly blamed Alfie for her decision. However, she revealed to Alfie that she faked her death in order to escape debtors and to live with her penpal, "The Beast of Bergendorff", a German dentist in his nineties who lives in Argentina. In the same episode, her ringtone is revealed to be California Love. She returns in the final episode of Series 2 and buys Alfie at a man auction for £25,000, more than enough to save Abbey Grove. She reveals she became a millionaire after the German died and she inherited his fortune. It is not known what Pickwell does with Alfie after she won him in the man auction; but the only relating shot showed Pickwell riding on Alfie like a horse complete with saddle, while both were in their underwear. She is never mentioned and never appears again after that.
Rosie Gulliver (portrayed by Sarah Solemani) – Rosie is the biology teacher and former interim Deputy Headteacher at Abbey Grove School. She was openly bisexual and was one of the few teachers who took pride when inspiring and teaching her students. She was passionate about charity work, animal rights, human rights, feminism, and the struggles of people with disabilities. When teachers were asked to do a sexual education class, she was the only one who lead an honest discussion of human sexuality, which inspired one of her students to come out, and showed acceptance and patience of the changes that the students were going through. When mistakenly believing Alfie was sexually abused by a teacher at Middleton House when he attended it, she urged him to accept that he was a victim and speak for all those who have had their "voices silenced". In "Funeral", Fraser asked her to become interim Deputy Headteacher, and, to Alfie's alarm, began to develop similarities to Pickwell's dictatorial style. Her tenure ended with the appointment of Professor Green in "Valentine's Day". At the beginning of Series 1, she broke up with her old boyfriend, stating she was too "physical" for him. At first, she found Alfie callow and did not share his feelings for her, though over time she warmed to him. At the school dance in the finale of Series 1, she compared him to a student who really frustrates her, but has potential and is "perfect" after all, and kissed him in front of most of the student body. In the second series, however, Alfie is upset to learn that they are not together, and that she has formed a same-sex relationship with her former student, Alex Scott. In the fourth episode of the second series, this relationship comes to an end, and Rosie's feelings for Alfie return. She got a job offer in Soweto in the final episode of Series 2, but decided to decline it when Alfie declared his feelings for her, and she returned them. They shared another kiss. By the beginning of Series 3, they were living together, but she moved out after Alfie wrongly accused her of cheating. She refused to acknowledge the status of their relationship until "Prom", when the thought that Alfie would no longer be around showed her that she still cared deeply about him.
Professor Celia "Pro Green" Green (portrayed by Samantha Spiro) (Series 2) – Green is Mrs Pickwell's replacement as Deputy Headmistress after Pickwell's (faked) death. It is quickly revealed that Fraser hired her because he thought she was the British rapper Professor Green, and she retains the nickname "Pro Green" in tribute. When Alfie and she first met, she came across as very friendly, but in reality she was just as strict about the school rules as Miss Pickwell was, with Alfie even at one point saying that he preferred Pickwell. Later in the episode, she ended up sleeping with Alfie's Dad, Martin (whom she went to teacher school with), when he invited her over to Alfie's apartment for a Valentine's Day dinner. She continued to act like a dictator, and continued her relationship with Martin, often tormenting Alfie with it. She became increasingly extremely obnoxious, pompous, sanctimonious and derisive, taunting other staff in insensitive ways. She also saw herself as a higher category of importance than anyone else, questioning why she should suffer for the school's 'profligacy', when she flaunted her own state of profligacy and ensured that she was the only person to benefit from the situation. In the Series 2 finale they got engaged. She is absent from the Christmas special due to her and Martin being on their honeymoon, but by the first episode of Series 3, she left Martin and took his money, causing Martin to live at first in his car, then alongside Alfie and Rosie.
Martin Wickers (portrayed by Harry Enfield) (Series 2 – 3) – Martin Wickers, né Martin Stool, is Alfie's father. His wife left him for a Spanish man named Javier. He started a relationship with Celia who went to teacher training with him and in the Series 2 finale they got engaged. He was absent from the Christmas special due to him and Celia being on their honeymoon, but by the first episode of Series 3, Celia and Martin had already married, and she had already left him, taking all his money. Martin has been living in his car and moves in with Alfie and Rosie. He got a job as the new deputy head at Abbey Grove. He eventually began a relationship with Frank Grayson's mother, implying that he planned to move in with and marry her. However, it appears that this relationship is over in "Exam" when it looks like a student accidentally killed her dog Coco while she was in Martin's care (Coco is shown to be alive and unharmed in his office after the incident, but it is never mentioned if she was returned).
Olive Mollinson (portrayed by Leila Hoffman) (Series 1) – Olive was the Art teacher and Head of Maths at Abbey Grove. She was the oldest staff member, having worked at the school since at least the 1970s. She does not appear in Series 2 and 3.

text: Pupils[edit]

text:
Chantelle Parsons (portrayed by Nikki Runeckles) – Chantelle was the sultry female pupil in Alfie's form. She appeared to be sexually promiscuous and this was often remarked on by both herself and her fellow pupils. She also had an obvious crush on Alfie and attempted repeatedly to seduce him, as does her mother in "Parents' Evening". In "Valentine's Day", she had self-confidence issues, and just wanted Alfie to notice her, so pretended to have fallen pregnant. She is obviously jealous of Miss Gulliver due to her relationship with Alfie.
Jing Hua (portrayed by Kae Alexander) – Jing was a Chinese pupil, who often spoke in her native language to insult Alfie (which he interpreted as a compliment, a question about 'English Culture,' or a correct answer to a question). Jing appeared to be the most intelligent and the most serious of the group and had previously taken the register, carried on working while everyone else was asleep, and helped Alfie take down Pickwell at the end of Series 1. In Series 1 she was constantly frustrated that Alfie hardly taught them anything, but in Series 2 she came to Alfie's aid and commented that he was a "good and decent man". She had previously helped Fraser keep his job by exposing Pickwell had been stealing money from the school. In Series 3, she underwent a personality change, having become much more moody and quoting various artists and writers. She reveals in "Exam" that her attitude change is not because of Alfie, but because of the pressure from her parents. She intentionally sabotages her biology GCSE to avoid being sent to the university that her parents want her to attend. In the finale, she is believed to be the only person in the class who would stay in school to do their A levels, but she admits that she applied to a creative writing class in Paris. She helps Alfie one last time by convincing him that he was a good teacher and insisting he should continue teaching.
Joe Poulter (portrayed by Ethan Lawrence) – Joe appeared to be Alfie's closest ally in the class. He often helped out his teacher, having falsely come out, pretended his mum had a life-threatening illness, and cooked for Alfie's father. He is often the butt of jokes and pranks by other pupils, although they did seem to have affection for him. In Series 2, he had a "mop top" haircut that is not fixed, and then in Series 3 he had a shaved head, but the hair slowly grew back. Also in Series 3, he appeared to grow in confidence and intelligence.
Mitchell Harper (portrayed by Charlie Wernham) – Mitchell appeared to be the tough guy of Alfie's class. He often poked fun at fellow pupils and his teacher. However, Alfie would usually get his own back by poking fun at Mitchell's family life, commenting that he didn't know who his dad was and how he lived in a caravan. He is a huge WWE fan and he cried at the end of Toy Story 3. He had a friendship with Rem Dogg which sees them constantly making insulting comments about each other and their respective mothers. Despite not liking Alfie, Alfie describes him as one of his favourite students in the Bad Education Handbook, and they develop a friendship during Series 2. In Series 3, they get along much better. In Series 3, he becomes infatuated with Cleopatra. In the second episode of Series 3, Mitchell left Abbey Grove after his father's fairground is shut down by the council. It is implied that he had moved and transferred to another school, but by "The Exam", Mitchell is shown in a youth detention centre.
Leslie "Rem Dogg" Remmington (portrayed by Jack Binstead) – Rem Dogg is a pupil who uses a wheelchair and constantly wears a pair of headphones and baseball cap. He came across as a cheeky chap who poked fun at Alfie, and is very close friends with Mitchell. In Series 3, he became an emo and rarely spoke, going some episodes without saying a word, which could often lead to him putting himself in compromising situations: in "Strike" he spent 24 hours chained to the school gates. He becomes emotional when Mitchell gives him an impassioned goodbye, but is called "gay" in response, as a reference to the nature of their friendship. He takes offense when a teacher pretends to be paralysed, and when a careers advisory computer program said he should become a stunt man, then a male escort. In the Bad Education Handbook, it is revealed that he doesn't get along with his father, who is blind in one eye.
Stephen Carmichael (portrayed by Layton Williams) – Stephen is a camp, gay member of the class. It is not known if he had ever openly came out, but offered to in "Sex Education" in order to aid Alfie's sex education class. That said, it was a well known fact to Alfie and other students, and he made no effort to hide his camp nature. This was best expressed in "Prom" when he ignored common advice and attended the prom in his drag queen persona. He has a passion for dancing, musicals and films. He was best friends with Chantelle and in the Christmas special began a relationship with Frank Grayson after they were both in Alfie's Christmas Play, "Robocracker" (a mash-up of Robocop and The Nutcracker). He appears to not get on with Frank in season 3, but Frank agrees to be his date for the prom and they are later crowned Prom King and Queen. He often stuns people by being good at things that homosexuals are stereotypically believed to be bad at; including football and advanced martial arts.
Frank Grayson (portrayed by Jack Bence) – Frank Grayson, usually referred to by his surname only, is the school bully, who intimidates his fellow pupils as well as Alfie, having once stolen his shoes and on another occasion forced him to buy him and his friends cider after it was originally confiscated by Miss Pickwell. After Pickwell's departure, he was controlled by Professor Green. At times, however, he appeared to be insecure about himself, breaking down in Alfie's arms after Pickwell dies (not knowing she was actually alive) and exploring his sexuality in the Christmas special, beginning a relationship with Stephen when Frank buys Stephen a ticket to watch West Ham United. In "Fundraising", Frank had been held back at school, but had been held back so many times that he was therefore the same age as Alfie. In the same conversation, he was officially moved to Alfie's class. The same episode revealed that Martin moved him in order to avoid expelling him, which would have upset his new girlfriend, Grayson's mother, meaning that Alfie and Grayson could become step-brothers if they married. In "The Exam", Grayson and his mother have moved in with Alfie and Martin, despite Martin saying that he would move in with her. But this arrangement appeared to be over by the next episode. In the same episode, he finally bonds with Alfie for real. In Series 3, he appears to no longer get along with Stephen, but agrees to be his date to the prom and they are crowned Prom King and Queen. It is revealed in the final episode that he has an older brother named Dean who now works at Alfie's old DIY workplace.
Cleopatra Ofoedo (portrayed by Weruche Opia) (Series 3) – Cleopatra is a female pupil in Alfie's class, introduced at the start of Series 3. She was aggressive and did not like Alfie or Mitchell in particular. She is black, and, as is oversensitive to racial issues and accused people of racism at every opportunity, even when no such inflection was made. She accused Alfie of assuming she is a good sprinter because she is black when her name was drawn randomly to run the 100 metres in "Sports Day". She agreed to make out with Mitchell, but still did not like him. After Mitchell leaves, she began making jokes at Alfie's expense like Mitchell used to. Despite her hostility, she admits in the final episode that she liked Abbey Grove. She claims to have been to 12 schools, but plans to get kicked out and sent to a new one (even though she was no longer required by law to stay in school).

text: Guest characters[edit]

text:
Mrs Carmichael (portrayed by Hillary Whitehall (mother of Jack Whitehall)) is Stephen's mother who wanted him to leave Abbey Grove thinking it wasn't the right school for him but in the end let him stay. She is later seen attending Abbey Grove's fundraiser where she gets one of Fraser's band members in the Man Auction, and supporting her son at "Sports Day".
Richard Carmichael (portrayed by Delroy Brown) is Stephen's father who wanted him to leave Abbey Grove thinking it wasn't the right school for him but in the end let him stay.
India (portrayed by Phoebe Waller-Bridge) is a drug counsellor who came to talk about drugs at Abbey Grove but actually took drugs herself.
Kevin Schwimmer (portrayed by Kyle Soller) is employed as a new history teacher in Series 2, who claims to be American and had lots of wild experiences that impress Mr Fraser. His short tenure at the school ends after Alfie and Jing expose him as a fraud and is actually from Dudley.
Mr Harper (portrayed by Sam Douglas) is Mitchell's father who works at a fun fair and rents out his stalls for Abbey Grove's fundraiser.
Alfie's Mum (portrayed by Frances Barber) is Alfie's mother. She left Alfie's father Martin and now lives in Spain with her new husband Javier. She appears in the Christmas special where she was told by Fraser that Alfie was in a car crash so she would come to Abbey Grove's Christmas play.[7]
Javier Garcia-Ramires (portrayed by Jake Canuso) is the new husband of Alfie's mother. He appears in the Christmas special where he at first mistakes Rem Dogg for Alfie.[7]
Bonehead (portrayed by Greg McHugh) is a homeless man who appears in the Christmas special. He was first seen at a soup kitchen Alfie and Rosie are volunteering at and later attends Abbey Grove's Christmas play.
Preet van der Plessis (portrayed by Harry Peacock) first appeared in "Self Defence" as an Afrikaner self-defense tutor hired to teach self-defense lessons at Abbey Grove. However, he was arrested for genuinely attacking Alfie and bringing dangerous weapons into the school. He later appeared in "Sports Day" where he is hired as the school's new P.E. teacher. Alfie strongly objected to his hiring due to the previous incident, and concern that Preet sought revenge against him. However, he asked Preet to train him to defeat Rosie's ex-boyfriend Richard in the "Parents vs Teacher" race. Just before the race, Preet cornered Alfie in the changing room and admitted that he hated Alfie for getting him put in jail. However, he realised that his aggression towards Alfie was out of frustration for not being able to express his romantic feelings for Alfie. During the aforementioned race, Preet tries to shoot Richard with a tranquilliser gun, but ends up accidentally shooting Alfie instead and is last seen being taken away by police.
Mrs Katherine Grayson (portrayed by Katherine Kingsley) is Frank's mother who appeared in "Fundraising" and "The Exam". She was very keen for her son to stay at Abbey Grove despite nearly every class not wanting him. At the end of the episode, she is revealed to be in a relationship with Alfie's father Martin. She has a pedigree chihuahua called Coco who she considers a princess, showing more affection towards Coco than Frank. She and Frank briefly live with Alfie and Martin for one episode, despite Martin saying that he was going to move in with her. This arrangement comes to an abrupt end when it appears that a student may have killed Coco while it was in Martin's care (Coco is later shown to be unharmed). In the final episode "Prom", it is revealed that she has another son named Dean who works at a DIY store that Alfie briefly worked in.
Coco who appeared in "The Exam" is Katherine Grayson's pedigree chihuahua who is considered a princess by her and receives more affection than Frank. She is accidentally burned to death inside a handbag whilst she is in Martin's care.
Richard (portrayed by James Fleet) is an ex-boyfriend of Rosie's who first appears in "After School Clubs". He, along with Rosie, attended the same reading club, which Alfie also briefly attended, where he thought that one of the other club's members, Orlando, was Rosie's ex-boyfriend but was surprised to learn it was Richard (owing to the age gap between him and Rosie). He later appeared in "Sports Day" where he took part in the "Parents vs Teacher" race. He did not appear after this, but is referred to often.
Dean Grayson (portrayed by Tom Davis) is Frank's older brother who works at a DIY store that Alfie also briefly worked in. It is also revealed that he also went to Abbey Grove and was taught by Rosie.

text: Episode list[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Originally aired

Series premiere
Series finale
Viewers
(in millions)

1
6
14 August 2012
18 September 2012
1.195

2
7
3 September 2013
17 December 2013
0.970

3
6
16 September 2014
21 October 2014
0.854

text: Series 1 (2012)[edit]

text:
#
Title
Original airdate
Viewers
(in millions)[12]

1
"Parents' Evening"
14 August 2012 (2012-08-14)
1.385

It is parents' evening at Abbey Grove School and Alfie is under pressure from the deputy headmistress Miss Pickwell to mark his mock exam papers, otherwise she will fail his whole class. However, news that biology teacher Rosie Gulliver has split from her boyfriend only serves to distract him as he becomes fixated with securing a date with her. But with the unpredictable headmaster Mr Fraser also keen to make a move on Miss Gulliver, Alfie resorts to desperate measures both to mark the papers and beat Fraser to a date.[13]

2
"Sex Education"
21 August 2012 (2012-08-21)
1.119

Abbey Grove School parents are worried about the impending arrival of the French exchange students, after Jean Claude and his French classmates ran riot leaving a wake of lovestruck teenagers behind them the previous year. This year, Fraser is determined to prove to the angry parents that he has got everything under control, especially with his right-hand man Alfie by his side. However, Alfie is not the right person to entrust with a sex education class. Things are relieved when it turns out that Fraser had screwed up and accidentally arranged an exchange with the town of Hoogeveen in the Netherlands. But keeping things with them is easier said than done, thanks to one exchange student who every woman in the school seems to want.[14]

3
"Self Defence"
28 August 2012 (2012-08-28)
1.301

A new computer game craze hits Abbey Grove School that has got the children imitating a dangerous move called the 'blitz kick'. Fraser decides to buy a copy of the game to see what all the fuss is about but inadvertently turns his staff into addicts as well. Alfie decides to support his beloved Miss Gulliver in taking a stand against all this violence by organising a weapons amnesty. While Fraser hires a very inappropriate self-defence tutor, Preet, to help demonstrate the dangers of violence.[15]

4
"School Trip"
4 September 2012 (2012-09-04)
1.208

Banned from organising his own trip after a disastrous previous outing, Alfie's class are sent on Miss Gulliver's field trip to a combined petting zoo and ink museum. Alfie's pretty upset to learn she has a blind date later that day, but things get even worse when the bus gets lost in the woods.[16]

5
"Football Match"
11 September 2012 (2012-09-11)
1.372

Alfie reveals a hidden 'talent' when the annual football match between Abbey Grove and the school he attended, Middleton House, approaches. Will the benefit scroungers pull it off, or will it be Middleton's snooty toff boys who clinch the win?[17]

6
"Politics"
18 September 2012 (2012-09-18)
0.784

Fraser's on professional suspension after an unfortunate incident involving a projector. With the school elections due to take place, Pickwell's determined to show the governors that she can run something successfully, and Alfie's keen to show Miss Gulliver he can take politics seriously.[18]

text: Series 2 (2013)[edit]

text:
#
Title
Original airdate
Viewers
(in millions)[19]

1
"Swimming Gala"
3 September 2013 (2013-09-03)
0.975

Abbey Grove's new term kicks off with the annual swimming gala and headmaster Mr Fraser decides to pay homage to the fact the UK recently hosted the greatest show on Earth, Splash!, by ending it with their very own synchronised diving competition. Alfie and his class don't usually take part in the gala, but lured by a cash bet with deputy headmistress Miss Pickwell he decides to bribe them with a group trip to a restaurant and enter the event. The first day back is also a chance for Alfie to catch up with his girlfriend Rosie, but he's shocked to find out that he isn't in a relationship with her at all, and even more shocked to find out that she is in a lesbian relationship with a former pupil.[20]

2
"The American"
10 September 2013 (2013-09-10)
1.096

Alfie is shocked by the arrival of new teacher Kevin Schwimer (Kyle Soller) at Abbey Grove and even more shocked to learn that he will be taking over Alfie's own class. Desperately upset that his class seem to be having a great time and actually learning proper, real-life GCSE history with their new teacher, Alfie is even more unhappy when he finds out which class Miss Pickwell has given him instead. With headmaster Fraser and Miss Gulliver both increasingly charmed by Mr Schwimer it is left to Alfie and Jing to uncover the truth behind this American imposter.[21]

3
"The Funeral"
17 September 2013 (2013-09-17)
0.953

Abbey Grove is rocked by the news that deputy headmistress Miss Pickwell is apparently dead and Alfie is left particularly on edge when her suicide note clearly lays the finger of blame on him after one of his class's pranks pushes her over the edge. Haunted by guilt, will Alfie be able to put her unquiet spirit at rest with the perfect memorial service? With Pickwell gone, headmaster Mr Fraser decides to advertise for her position with less-than-successful results, which may mean Rosie is offered the role full-time. But will the power change her?[22]

4
"Valentine's Day"
24 September 2013 (2013-09-24)
0.927

It is Valentine's Day and headmaster Mr Fraser has planned a special Abbey Grove Take Me Out to help the shy kids find love. New deputy headmistress Professor Celia Green is rubbing everyone up the wrong way, apart from Alfie's father Martin, who happened to go to teacher training college with her. Alfie is desperately trying to persuade Rosie to come to dinner with him, but is distracted by some shocking news from Chantelle. Will Rosie turn up to dinner and who is Martin Wickers's surprise dinner date?[23]
Debut: Samantha Spiro as Celia Green, Harry Enfield as Martin Wickers.
Absent: Michelle Gomez as Isobel Pickwell.

5
"Drugs"
1 October 2013 (2013-10-01)
1.076

Headmaster Mr Fraser has organised a special guest speaker India for Drugs Awareness Day, much to Rosie's annoyance. Alfie's class is alarmed by the news that Stephen's parents want him to leave Abbey Grove. Can Alfie persuade Stephen's parents to let him stay or will his attraction to drugs councillor India threaten to jeopardise everything?[24]
Absent: Michelle Gomez as Isobel Pickwell.

6
"Fundraiser"[25]
8 October 2013 (2013-10-08)
0.961

Abbey Grove is plunged into financial ruin when headmaster Mr Fraser gives the "Nigerian Minister of Finance" all their money with the promise of huge returns on the investment. With Professor Green executing an austerity drive which sees the school pillaged of resources, Rosie thinks it's time to move on and applies for a job for a school in Soweto. Will Alfie come up with a plan to save the school and stop Rosie from leaving? And how will he react to the big announcement Professor Green is hiding from him about his father?
Final Appearances: Michelle Gomez as Isobel Pickwell, Samantha Spiro as Celia Green.

7
"Christmas Special"
17 December 2013 (2013-12-17)
0.800

It's time for the Abbey Grove Christmas Play and with Miss Pickwell no longer around Fraser decides Alfie is the obvious replacement to direct this year's production. But with the class undecided about whether to put on the Nutcracker or Robocop, will Alfie's decision to write and direct a plot mash up of Robocracker and casting school bully Grayson as co-star prove successful?
Absent: Harry Enfield as Martin Wickers.

text: Series 3 (2014)[edit]

text: On 11 June 2014, Jack Whitehall announced that the third series of Bad Education had gone into production and the first episode would be broadcast on 16 September 2014.[26]

text:
#
Title
Original airdate
Viewers
(in millions)[19]

1
"Strike"
16 September 2014 (2014-09-16)
1.004

It's summer term and Alfie Wickers is back to get his class through their exams. His father Martin Wickers married Pro Green, but she left him, taking his money. He now lives in his car, so Alfie allows him to move in with him and Miss Gulliver, who are now cohabiting. There is a shock for Alfie with the revelation that Martin has been appointed as the new deputy head. Martin's first jobs are to increase class sizes and fire a member of staff after Fraser has badly invested the school's money in his own clothing range, Dolce and GaBanter. For Alfie this means a new class member, Cleopatra, and a tough decision to make – stand by Miss Gulliver when she leads the teachers on strike, or sacrifice himself to save his class from failing their exams.[27]
Debut: Weruche Opia as Cleopatra Ofoedo.

2
"After School Clubs"
23 September 2014 (2014-09-23)
0.886

Mitchell announces he is leaving Abbey Grove, but there is the perfect opportunity for a farewell party when Fraser decides to rent out rooms in the school to after-school clubs for extra cash. However, things get complicated for Alfie when he promises to attend Gulliver's book group, Fraser's LARPing club and Mitchell's leaving party. Alfie wants to use the book group as an opportunity to impress Gulliver, but when he gets his class to write the chapter summaries things quickly go from bad to worse. Simultaneously, he has to help Fraser win a fantasy battle against two very self-important LARPers and survive Mitchell's leaving pranks.[28]

3
"Sports Day"
30 September 2014 (2014-09-30)
0.826

It's Abbey Grove's sports day and Fraser has hired the most inappropriate new sports teacher to oversee events – Preet. Alfie sees this as the perfect opportunity to challenge Miss Gulliver's ex-boyfriend Richard (James Fleet) to an endurance event, which Preet offers to design. But with a steroid scandal rocking the school and Alfie desperate to win by any means possible, will he make it over the finish line with his dignity intact?
Absent: Charlie Wernham as Mitchell Harper.

4
"Fundraising"
7 October 2014 (2014-10-07)
0.754

Martin Wickers's attempts to teach Alfie to drive end in disaster when they run over Pod, the school caretaker. Alfie and his class start fundraising for Pod's urgent surgery. However, when the school bully Grayson is transferred to Alfie's class it soon becomes clear that their noble intentions might be difficult with him around. Soon Alfie and his class find themselves no longer leading a charitable enterprise, but being taken on a joyride in a stolen ambulance. While Alfie is giving a tracheotomy after being mistaken for a paramedic, his class spot Pod walking around instead of being in a wheelchair. Fraser has taken up pole dancing and sees the fundraiser as the perfect opportunity to demonstrate his skills. Meanwhile Alfie ends up sexting his dad by mistake after Miss Guilliver's phone is swapped with his, and Alfie tries to find out if she is sleeping with Richard.
Absent: Charlie Wernham as Mitchell Harper.

5
"The Exam"
14 October 2014 (2014-10-14)
0.847

Fraser discovers that Alfie never passed his Biology GCSE, so Alfie must go back to school himself to be taught by Gulliver and sit the exam with his own class. It should be the perfect opportunity to prove to Gulliver that he can motivate his class and lead by example, but Alfie decides there is only one real option: cheating. But, with the revelation that the notorious ball-breaking invigilator Mr Hewston will be overseeing the exam, it becomes clear that this is going to be a battle of wits. Meanwhile Martin Wickers is babysitting his girlfriend's dog and Fraser is organising the end-of-exam skip party.
Final Appearance: Charlie Wernham as Mitchell Harper.

6
"Prom"
21 October 2014 (2014-10-21)
0.806

With exams over it's careers advice day for Form K, but it is Alfie who makes the biggest decision of all when he realises he can't go on teaching without his beloved class and quits Abbey Grove. Fraser is devastated to lose his best friend and takes the news badly. Alfie reveals he has landed himself a job at the Playstation factory, even though in reality it is at DIY Home Stores, and cannot be tempted back despite Gulliver and his class begging him to return. Miss Gulliver tries unsuccessfully to cheer up the class by being a cooler teacher. Meanwhile the school Prom takes place and the Prom king and queen are crowned. Alfie gives a final emotional goodbye to his class.
Final Appearance: Jack Whitehall as Alfie Wickers, Mathew Horne as Shaquille Fra$er, Sarah Solemani as Rosie Gulliver, Harry Enfield as Martin Wickers, Layton Williams as Stephen Carmichael, Nikki Runeckles as Chantelle Parsons, Kae Alexander as Jing Hua, Ethan Lawrence as Joe Poulter, Weruche Opia as Cleopatra Ofoedo, Jack Binstead as Leslie Remmington, Jack Bence as Frank Grayson.

text: American adaptation[edit]

text: A pilot for a U.S. adaptation of Bad Education, named An American Education, was ordered by ABC with Whitehall set to reprise his role as Alfie Wickers.[29] The pilot began filming in Los Angeles in January 2014. However, ABC passed on the pilot on 22 May 2014, but Whitehall would continue with the original UK series of the show, until Whitehall started making more episodes of the UK Bad Education.[30]

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: On 27 February 2015, Whitehall confirmed that a feature film edition of Bad Education was in production. Filming took place in Cornwall with the majority of the main cast all reprising their roles for the film. The film is titled The Bad Education Movie and was released on 21 August 2015 in the UK. The film saw ineffectual teacher Alfie Wickers travelling to Cornwall with his students. Entertainment Film Distributors, who also handled the release of the box-office 2011 hit The Inbetweeners Movie dealt with the release of the Bad Education Movie.[31]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The series received mixed reviews from the British press. The Guardian called it "in poor taste" and accused Whitehall of "phoning it in". The Daily Telegraph gave the show a rating of 2 out of 5, claiming that the show "uses too many stereotypes" and that Whitehall "tends to repeat many jokes" rather than creating new ones. Both the Daily Mirror and The Sun gave the sitcom a rating of 2 out of 5. Despite this, the show currently holds a 7.7 out of 10 rating on IMDb, and a 4.11 rating out of 5 on SideReel from their respective users.[32][33] Rotten Tomatoes gave 71% to Bad education, a critic said "The script is patchy and the story is too silly for its own good but there are enough laughs to make this a hit with the target audience"[34]

text: DVD release[edit]

text: Individual box sets for series one, two, and three were released on 9 September 2013[35], 29 September 2014[36], and 31 August 2015[37] respectively.

text: A box set containing both the first and second series of Bad Education was released on DVD on 29 September 2014.[38]

text: A box set containing all three series was made available on 31 August 2015.