document_title: Sleeping Beauty

question_text: how many fairies in the original sleeping beauty

text: Sleeping Beauty

text: Perrault's narrative[edit]

text: Perrault’s narrative is written in two parts, which some folklorists believe were originally separate tales, as they were in the Brothers Grimm's version, and were later joined together by Giambattista Basile and once more by Perrault.[2]

text: Part one[edit]

text: At the christening of a king and queen's long-wished-for child, seven good fairies are invited to be godmothers to the infant princess. The fairies attend the banquet at the palace. Each fairy is presented with a golden plate and drinking cups adorned with jewels. Soon after, an old fairy enters the palace and is seated with a plate of fine china and a crystal drinking glass. This old fairy is overlooked because she has been within a tower for many years and everyone had believed her to be deceased. Six of the other seven fairies then offer their gifts of beauty, wit, grace, dance, song, and goodness to the infant princess. The evil fairy is very angry about having been forgotten, and as her gift, enchants the infant princess so that she will one day prick her finger on a spindle of a spinning wheel and die. The seventh fairy, who hasn't yet given her gift, attempts to reverse the evil fairy's curse. However, she can only do so partially. Instead of dying, the Princess will fall into a deep sleep for 100 years and be awakened by a kiss from a king's son.

text: The King orders that every spindle and spinning wheel in the kingdom to be destroyed, to try to save his daughter from the terrible curse. Fifteen or sixteen years pass and one day, when the king and queen are away, the Princess wanders through the palace rooms and comes upon an old woman, spinning with her spindle. The princess, who has never seen anyone spin before, asks the old woman if she can try the spinning wheel. The curse is fulfilled as the princess pricks her finger on the spindle and instantly falls into a deep sleep. The old woman cries for help and attempts are made to revive the princess. The king attributes this to fate and has the Princess carried to the finest room in the palace and placed upon a bed of gold and silver embroidered fabric. The king and queen kiss their daughter goodbye and depart, proclaiming the entrance to be forbidden. The good fairy who altered the evil prophecy is summoned. Having great powers of foresight, the fairy sees that the Princess will awaken to distress when she finds herself alone, so the fairy puts everyone in the castle to sleep. The fairy also summons a forest of trees, brambles and thorns that spring up around the castle, shielding it from the outside world and preventing anyone from disturbing the Princess.

text: A hundred years pass and a prince from another family spies the hidden castle during a hunting expedition. His attendants tell him differing stories regarding the castle until an old man recounts his father's words: within the castle lies a beautiful princess who is doomed to sleep for a hundred years until a king's son comes and awakens her. The prince then braves the tall trees, brambles and thorns which part at his approach, and enters the castle. He passes the sleeping castle folk and comes across the chamber where the Princess lies asleep on the bed. Struck by the radiant beauty before him, he falls on his knees before her. The enchantment comes to an end by a kiss and the princess awakens and converses with the prince for a long time. Meanwhile, the rest of the castle awakens and go about their business. The prince and princess are later married by the chaplain in the castle chapel.

text: Part two[edit]

text: After wedding the Princess in secret, the Prince continues to visit her and she bears him two children, Aurore (Dawn) and Jour (Day), unbeknown to his mother, who is of an ogre lineage. When the time comes for the Prince to ascend the throne, he brings his wife, children, and the talabutte ("Count of the Mount").

text: The Ogress Queen Mother sends the young Queen and the children to a house secluded in the woods and directs her cook to prepare the boy with Sauce Robert for dinner. The kind-hearted cook substitutes a lamb for the boy, which satisfies the Queen Mother. She then demands the girl but the cook this time substitutes a young goat, which also satisfies the Queen Mother. When the Ogress demands that he serve up the young Queen, the latter offers to slit her throat so that she may join the children that she imagines are dead. While the Queen Mother is satisfied with a hind prepared with Sauce Robert in place of the young Queen, there is a tearful secret reunion of the Queen and her children. However, the Queen Mother soon discovers the cook’s trick and she prepares a tub in the courtyard filled with vipers and other noxious creatures. The King returns in the nick of time and the Ogress, her true nature having been exposed, throws herself into the tub and is fully consumed. The King, young Queen, and children then live happily ever after.

text: Basile's narrative[edit]

text: In Giambattista Basile's version of Sleeping Beauty, Sun, Moon, and Talia, the sleeping beauty is named Talia. By asking wise men and astrologers to predict her future after her birth, her father who is a great lord learns that Talia will be in danger from a splinter of flax. The splinter later causes what appears to be Talia's death; however, it is later learned that it is a long, deep sleep. After Talia falls into deep sleep, she is seated on a velvet throne and her father, to forget his misery of what he thinks is her death, closes the doors and abandons the house forever. One day, while a king is walking by, one of his falcons flies into the house. The king knocks, hoping to be let in by someone, but no one answers and he decides to climb in with a ladder. He finds Talia alive but unconscious, and "...gathered the first fruits of love." [3] Afterwards, he leaves her in the bed and goes back to his kingdom. Though Talia is unconscious, she gives birth to twins — one of whom keeps sucking her fingers. Talia awakens because the twin has sucked out the flax that was stuck deep in Talia's finger. When she wakes up, she discovers that she is a mother and has no idea what happened to her. One day, the king decides he wants to go see Talia again. He goes back to the palace to find her awake and a mother to his twins. He informs her of who he is, what has happened, and they end up bonding. After a few days, the king has to leave to go back to his realm, but promises Talia that he will return to take her to his kingdom.

text: When he arrives back in his kingdom, his wife hears him saying "Talia, Sun, and Moon" in his sleep. She bribes and threatens the king's secretary to tell her what is going on. After the queen learns the truth, she pretends she is the king and writes to Talia asking her to send the twins because he wants to see them. Talia sends her twins to the "king" and the queen tells the cook to kill the twins and make dishes out of them. She wants to feed the king his children; instead, the cook takes the twins to his wife and hides them. He then cooks two lambs and serves them as if they were the twins. Every time the king mentions how good the food is, the queen replies, "Eat, eat, you are eating of your own." Later, the queen invites Talia to the kingdom and is going to burn her alive, but the king appears and finds out what’s going on with his children and Talia. He then orders that his wife be burned along with those who betrayed him. Since the cook actually did not obey the queen, the king thanks the cook for saving his children by giving him rewards. The story ends with the king marrying Talia and living happily ever after.[4]

text: Sources[edit]

text: There are earlier elements that contributed to the tale. In the medieval courtly romance Perceforest (published in 1528), a princess named Zellandine falls in love with a man named Troylus. Her father sends him to perform tasks to prove himself worthy of her, and while he is gone, Zellandine falls into an enchanted sleep. Troylus finds her and impregnates her in her sleep; when their child is born, he draws from her finger the flax that caused her sleep. She realizes from the ring he left her that the father was Troylus, who later returns to marry her.[5]

text: Earlier influences come from the story of the sleeping Brynhild in the Volsunga saga and the tribulations of saintly female martyrs in early Christian hagiography conventions. It was, in fact, the existence of Brynhild that persuaded the Brothers Grimm to include the story in later editions of their work rather than eliminate it, as they did to other works they deemed to be purely French, stemming from Perrault's work. Their decision was odd on one point, at least, since in none of the Teutonic myths, meaning the Poetic and Prose Eddas or Volsunga Saga, is their sleeper awakened with a kiss, a fact Jacob Grimm would certainly have known, who wrote an important and encyclopedic volume on German Mythology.

text: The second half, in which the princess and her children are almost put to death, but instead hidden, may have been influenced by Genevieve of Brabant.[6]

text: Variants[edit]

text: The princess's name has varied from one adaptation to the other. In Sun, Moon, and Talia, she is named Talia (Sun and Moon being her twin children). She has no name in Perrault's story but her daughter is called "Aurore". The Brothers Grimm named her "Briar Rose" in their 1812 collection.[7] Tchaikovsky's ballet and Disney's version named her Princess Aurora; however, in the Disney version, she is also called "Briar Rose" in her childhood, when she is being raised incognito by the good fairies.[8] John Stejean named her "Rosebud" in TeleStory Presents.

text: The Brothers Grimm included a variant Little Briar Rose in their collection (1812).[7] Their version ends when the prince arrives to wake Sleeping Beauty, unlike the stories of Basile and Perrault.[9] Some translations of the Grimms' tale give the princess the name "Rosamond". The brothers considered rejecting the story on the grounds that it was derived from Perrault's version, but the presence of the Brynhild tale convinced them to include it as an authentically German tale. Still, it is the only known German variant of the tale, and Perrault's influence is almost certain.[10]

text: The Brothers Grimm also included, in the first edition of their tales, a fragmentary fairy tale, "The Evil Mother-in law". This story begins with the heroine a married mother of two children, as in the second part of Perrault's tale, and her mother-in-law attempting to eat her and the children. Unlike Perrault's version, the heroine suggested an animal be substituted in the dish, and ends with the heroine's worry that she cannot keep her children from crying and getting the mother-in-law’s attention. Like many German tales showing French influence, it appeared in no subsequent edition.[11]

text: Italo Calvino included a variant in Italian Folktales. The cause of her sleep is an ill-advised wish by her mother. As in Pentamerone, the prince rapes her in her sleep and her children are born. He retains the element that the woman who tries to kill the children is the king's mother, not his wife, but adds that she does not want to eat them herself, but instead serves them to the king. His version came from Calabria, but he noted that all Italian versions closely followed Basile's.[12][13]

text: Besides Sun, Moon, and Talia, Basile included another variant of this Aarne-Thompson type, The Young Slave. The Grimms also included a second, more distantly related one, The Glass Coffin.[14]

text: Joseph Jacobs noted that the figure of the Sleeping Beauty was in common between this tale and the Gypsy tale The King of England and his Three Sons, in his More English Fairy Tales.[15]

text: The hostility of the king's mother to his new bride is repeated in the fairy tale The Six Swans,[16] and also features The Twelve Wild Ducks, where she is modified to be the king's stepmother. However, these tales omit the attempted cannibalism.

text: Myth themes[edit]

text: Some folklorists have analyzed Sleeping Beauty as indicating the replacement of the lunar year (with its thirteen months, symbolically depicted by the thirteen fairies) by the solar year (which has twelve, symbolically the invited fairies). The basic elements of the story can also be interpreted as a nature allegory: the princess represents nature, the wicked fairy godmother is winter, who puts the Court to sleep with pricks of frost until the prince (spring) cuts away the brambles with his sword (a sunbeam) to allow the Sun to awaken sleeping princess (nature).

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Alfred, Lord Tennyson wrote two poems based on Sleeping Beauty, "Sleeping Beauty" in 1830, and an expanded, rewritten version, "The Day-Dream," in 1842.[17]
In 1920, Charles S. Evans wrote a book, which is his own retelling of the fairy tale called, The Sleeping Beauty, with pictures by Arthur Rackham.
In 1949, the story was made into a Finnish film, Prinsessa Ruusunen, directed by Edvin Laine and score by Erkki Melartin's incidental music from 1912.
In 1955, the story was made into a German film, Dornröschen, directed by Fritz Genschow.
In 1959, Charles Perrault's version and Brothers Grimm's version were adapted into a Walt Disney animated film. The film was notoriously expensive to produce and, at the time, not very successful. However, it has come to be regarded as the quintessential adaptation and a film classic in its own right. It is also notable for expanding the character of Maleficent, the wicked fairy godmother, significantly and features music from the ballet.
In 1987, Charles Perrault's version was adapted into a musical film direct-to-TV, directed by David Irving.
In 2009, Mattel Entertainment was supposed to adapt the story into a Barbie film, titled Barbie as the Sleeping Beauty, due to the success of two previous films based on Tchaikovsky's ballets. But everything was shelved because of a trademark controversy, in which the Walt Disney Company acquired the rights for the adaptation of the film.[18] When the trademark was granted back on January 17, 2012, the film production was completely abandoned.[19]
Sleeping Beauty has been popular for many fairytale fantasy retellings. These include Alex Flinn's "A Kiss In Time", Robin McKinley's Spindle's End, Orson Scott Card's Enchantment, Neil Gaiman's The Sleeper and the Spindle, Jane Yolen's Briar Rose, Sophie Masson's Clementine, and Anne Rice's (as A. N. Roquelaure) erotic series The Sleeping Beauty Quartet.
Mercedes Lackey's Elemental Masters novel, The Gates of Sleep, set in Edwardian England, includes many elements from "Sleeping Beauty." A notable difference from the original is that in Lackey's version, the Sleeping Beauty's analogue does not sleep passively waiting for the Prince to wake her, but rather while her body lies unconscious, her spirit is very much awake, waging a magical battle to the death with the witch's analogue.
Jim C. Hines in Princess Series portrays the prince as raping Sleeping Beauty- AKA Talia- while she slept. After Talia wakes up after giving birth, she uses her gift of grace to become a highly skilled martial artist. She develops a strong dislike of fairies and unrequited feelings of love for her friend and ally, Snow White.
In the ABC TV show Once Upon a Time, the Sleeping Beauty (named Princess Aurora after the Disney version) is portrayed by Sarah Bolger, and Prince Phillip is played by Julian Morris. Maleficent who is played by Kristin Bauer van Straten appears in a different context, but it is mentioned that she is the one who cursed Princess Aurora and that she once cursed Queen Briar Rose, Princess Aurora's mother, in the same manner. It is later revealed that Queen Briar Rose, Princess Aurora's mother, is the original Sleeping Beauty of the original fairy tale.
The story is mentioned in passing in a companion to The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, The New Traveller's Almanac. In this world, the family of the Sleeping Beauty named Princess Rosamund are inbred and are cursed by cataleptic fits. Princess Rosamund's castle is one of many that stand in the Ardennes forests on the Belgian border, three of the others belonging to Bluebeard, the Beast, and the Marquis de Carabas.
In his 1854 satirical fantasy The Rose and the Ring, William Makepeace Thackeray used an element from Sleeping Beauty with a reversed meaning: The Fairy Blackstick comes uninvited to the Christening of the Princess Rosalba and wishes the child "a bit of bad luck." But in Thackeray's version, the Fairy meant well and the Princess's bad luck ultimately made her a better and happier person than she would have been.
From 1983 to 2015, Anne Rice, under the pen name A.N. Roquelaure, wrote four erotic BDSM novels, The Sleeping Beauty Quartet, set in a medieval fantasy world and loosely based on the fairy tale of Sleeping Beauty.
In Sheri S. Tepper's novel, Beauty, which won the Locus Award in 1992, the protagonist is the Sleeping Beauty, who is also the mother and grandmother of other classic fairy-tale heroines, and who travels through time and attempts to prevent human overpopulation from destroying the earth.
In 1999 Orson Scott Card published the novel "Enchantment", a novel based on the Russian version of Sleeping Beauty and other folk tales.
In the Sailor Moon manga, the evil witch Nehelennia casts a curse on the objects of celebration, Silver Millennium and Sailor Moon, a story based on the curse in Sleeping Beauty. In the Sailor Moon anime, "Awaken, Sleeping Beauty! Mamoru's Distress," Sailor Moon is fighting two of the Ayakashi sisters from the Black moon when she is put into a deep sleep from which only Mamoru's kiss can wake her. The episode had started with Usagi reading the fairy tale to Chibiusa as a bedtime story.
Archie Campbell satirized the story with "Beeping Sleauty" in several Hee Haw episodes.
The fairy tale is used as a framing device in an episode of Dollhouse, where a young orphan objects to the story. Echo encourages the girl to re-read the story, but to imagine herself in the role of the Prince.
Mattel and Netflix's Ever After High animated series, wherein the children of fairy tale characters attend boarding school together before graduating and following their parents' stories, Briar Beauty is the daughter of Sleeping Beauty. However, she does not want to inherit her mother's curse. Additionally, she is related to Rosabella Beauty, the daughter of Beauty and the Beast.
In 2014, a Walt Disney live-action remake film called Maleficent starring Angelina Jolie as Maleficent and Elle Fanning as Princess Aurora, the Sleeping Beauty, proposed a backstory for the Disney-created villain of the 1959 animated film.
Anne Sexton wrote an adaptation as a poem called "Briar Rose (Sleeping Beauty)" in her collection Transformations (1971), a book in which she re-envisions sixteen of the Grimm's Fairy tales.[20]
In 2016, American horror film The Curse of Sleeping Beauty, directed by Pearry Reginald Teo put a dark spin on the classic fairy tale.

text: In music[edit]

text: Michele Carafa composed La Belle au Bois Dormant in 1825.

text: Before Tchaikovsky's version, several ballet productions were based on the "Sleeping Beauty" theme, among one from Eugène Scribe: in the winter of 1828–1829, the French playwright furnished a four-act mimed scenario as a basis for Aumer's choreography of a four-act ballet-pantomime La Belle au Bois Dormant.

text: Scribe wisely omitted the violence of the second part of Perrault's tale for the ballet, which was set by Hérold and first staged at the Académie Royale in Paris on 27 April 1829. Though Hérold popularized his piece with a piano, Rondo brilliant was based on themes from the music, however he was not successful in getting the ballet staged again.

text: The fourth movement of Robert Schumann's Märchenbilder depicts scenes from this story.

text: The first movement of Ravel's Ma mère l'Oye in the original piano versions is Pavane de la Belle au bois dormant ( Sleeping Beauty's Pavane). The final movement, Le jardin féerique (The Fairy Garden) is interpreted in the ballet version as Sleeping Beauty being awakened in the garden by her prince.[21]

text: When Ivan Vsevolozhsky, the Director of the Imperial Theatres in Saint Petersburg, wrote to Tchaikovsky on May 25, 1888 suggesting a ballet based on Perrault's tale, he also cut the violent second half, climaxed the action with the Awakening Kiss, and followed with a conventional festive last act, a series of bravura variations.

text: In 2008, the American musical trio GrooveLily released Sleeping Beauty Wakes, a concept modern-day album, loosely based on the fairy tale. The songs are part of a homonymous musical with book by Rachel Sheinkin.

text: Abby Dobson released Sleeping Beauty: You Are the One You Have Been Waiting On – Volumood One, her debut album, loosely based on the fairy tale.

text: In video games[edit]

text:
In the game series Kingdom Hearts, Maleficent is one of the main antagonists. Moreover Aurora is one of the Princesses of Heart together with the other Disney princesses.
The computer game series Dark Parables, game one, "Curse of Briar Rose", puts a twist to the original story: Briar didn't wake up when kissed, but the prince died from the curse. The kiss only got rid of the briars, and the good fairies sacrificed themselves to hold them back for another hundred years. The one thing missing to wake Briar is a potion. Now the briars have returned and are spreading across the world, and the player's mission is to find Briar and wake her up, thus ending the curse for good. In the bonus game of the collector's edition, one finds out that Briar has a sister named Ivy Green, who will appear in the next game of the series.
Little Briar Rose is a point-and-click adventure inspired by the Brothers Grimm's version of the fairy tale.

text: In art[edit]

text:
Sleeping Beauty, by Alexander Zick (1845–1907)

He stands—he stoops to gaze—he kneels—he wakes her with a kiss, woodcut by Walter Crane

Prince Florimund finds the "Sleeping Beauty"

Sleeping Beauty by Jenny Harbour

Perrault's La Belle au bois dormant (Sleeping Beauty), illustration by Gustave Doré

Book cover for a Dutch interpretation of the story by Johann Georg van Caspel

Briar Rose

Sleeping Beauty by Edward Frederick Brewtnall

Louis Sußmann-Hellborn (1828- 1908) Sleeping Beauty,

Sleeping Princess by Viktor Vasnetsov

The Sleeping Beauty by Sir Edward Burne-Jones

Sleeping Beauty, statue in Wuppertal – Germany


document_title: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes

question_text: dawn of the planet of the apes who is ash

root

text: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ten years after the pandemic of the deadly ALZ-113 virus, or Simian Flu, the worldwide human population has been drastically reduced, with only about one in five hundred genetically immune to the virus. Apes, with genetically enhanced intelligence caused by the same virus, have started to build a civilization of their own. Caesar is the chimpanzee leader of an ape colony in the Muir Woods near San Francisco. Caesar's son Blue Eyes and his friend Ash encounter a man named Carver in the woods, who panics and shoots Ash, wounding him. Carver's party, led by Malcolm, arrive while a number of apes join Blue Eyes and Ash. Caesar orders the humans to leave, and they flee to their community in San Francisco, centered around "the tower", a partially finished skyscraper. Prompted by Koba, a scarred bonobo who holds a grudge against humans for experimental mistreatment, Caesar brings an army of apes to the tower. There, he announces that while the apes do not want war, they will fight to defend their home. He demands that the humans stay in their territory. Malcolm convinces his fellow leader Dreyfus to give him time to take a small team to the forest to reconcile with the apes and gain access to a hydroelectric dam in their territory, which could provide long-term power to the city. Malcolm meets with Caesar, who allows the humans to work on the generator on the condition that they surrender their guns. As Malcolm, his wife Ellie, and son Alexander work, they bond with the apes. Mutual distrust of both sides gradually subsides until Caesar discovers a gun Carver had hidden and orders the humans to leave. He later allows the humans one extra day to work on the dam after Ellie uses medicine to save Caesar's wife, Cornelia.

tag: p

text: Distrustful of the apes, Dreyfus arms his community using the Fort Point armory. Maintaining his distrust of humans, Koba discovers the armory and later confronts Caesar, accusing him of loving humans more than apes. In response, Caesar severely beats Koba, but refrains from killing him. Koba returns to the armory, where he takes an assault rifle and kills two guards. Returning home, he secretly kills Carver. The generator is repaired, restoring power to the city. During the celebration, Koba sets fire to the apes' home, then, unseen to anyone else, shoots Caesar, who falls from the settlement's main tree. In the subsequent panic, Koba takes charge, implicating Carver in the shooting and convincing the apes to attack the humans. He leads them into San Francisco, where they plunder the armory and charge the tower, with many casualties. The apes breach the building and imprison the humans as Dreyfus flees underground. When Ash refuses Koba's orders to kill unarmed humans, citing Caesar's teachings, Koba kills Ash and imprisons any ape still loyal to Caesar.

text: Malcolm's family finds Caesar barely alive and transport him to his former house in San Francisco. Caesar reveals that Koba shot him, realizing that apes can be as corrupt and violent as humans. When Malcolm sneaks into the settlement to find medical supplies for Caesar, he encounters Blue Eyes, who spares him before learning that his father is still alive. After reconciling with Caesar, Blue Eyes returns to the tower and frees the imprisoned humans and apes. Malcolm leads the apes into the tower, where he finds Dreyfus. He learns that the return of electricity allowed Dreyfus' men to make radio contact with survivors at a military base, who are now coming to fight the apes. Caesar confronts Koba at the top of the tower; as they fight, Dreyfus detonates C-4 charges that destabilize the tower, at the cost of his own life. Koba starts shooting at the apes, but Caesar tackles him off a ledge. While clinging on a metal girder, Koba is rejected as an ape by Caesar and is dropped to his death.

text: Malcolm and Caesar acknowledge their friendship, with Malcolm warning of the approaching human military. Caesar warns that the humans will never forgive the apes for their attack, and convinces Malcolm to leave with his family. The film ends as Caesar stands before a kneeling mass of apes.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Apes[edit]

text:
Andy Serkis as Caesar, a common chimpanzee and the leader of the evolved ape tribe
Toby Kebbell as Koba, a scarred bonobo and Caesar's treacherous lieutenant; previously played by Christopher Gordon in Rise
Judy Greer as Cornelia, a common chimpanzee and Caesar's wife, mother of Blue Eyes and a newborn son; previously played by Devyn Dalton in Rise
Terry Notary as Rocket, a common chimpanzee and Caesar's former rival and enemy turned friend
Karin Konoval as Maurice, a Bornean orangutan and Caesar's friend and advisor
Doc Shaw as Ash, a common chimpanzee, son of Rocket, also Blue Eyes' best friend
Nick Thurston as Blue Eyes, a common chimpanzee and Caesar and Cornelia's first son
Lee Ross as Grey, a common chimpanzee and a follower of Koba

tag: ul

text: Humans[edit]

text:
Jason Clarke as Malcolm, the leader of the small group that forms a strong bond with Caesar and the other apes
Gary Oldman as Dreyfus, the leader of the remaining human survivors
Keri Russell as Ellie, a former nurse at the CDC, and Malcolm's wife
Kodi Smit-McPhee as Alexander, Malcolm's son from a previous marriage
Kirk Acevedo as Carver, a former San Francisco water worker and a member of Malcolm's group
Jocko Sims as Werner, the colony's radio operator
Enrique Murciano as Kemp, a member of Malcolm's group
Keir O'Donnell as Finney, an ally of Dreyfus
Lombardo Boyar as Terry, a guard at the colony's armory
Kevin Rankin as McVeigh, a guard at the colony's armory
Jon Eyez as Foster, a member of Malcolm's group
James Franco (uncredited) as Will Rodman from Rise of the Planet of the Apes, in a cameo via a video from Caesar's childhood

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: After the release of Rise of the Planet of the Apes, director Rupert Wyatt commented on possible sequels: "I think we're ending with certain questions, which is quite exciting. To me, I can think of all sorts of sequels to this film, but this is just the beginning."[7] Screenwriter and producer Rick Jaffa also stated that Rise featured several clues as to future sequels: "I hope that we're building a platform for future films. We're trying to plant a lot of the seeds for a lot of the things you are talking about in terms of the different apes and so forth."[8]

text: In an interview recorded after the release of Rise, Wyatt stated, "We want to grow and evolve, in the films that will [hopefully] come after this, to the '68 original."[9] Wyatt also stated that he wants it to take place eight years after Rise, as a whole new ape generation can be born, and explore the dynamics of Caesar and Koba's relationship.[10] According to screenwriter Rick Jaffa, a version of the spaceship from the 1968 Planet of the Apes under the name Icarus was in Rise as a deliberate hint to a possible sequel.[11]

text: In November 2011, Andy Serkis was the first to be announced as having closed a deal for a sequel to Rise. It was reported to be a "healthy seven-figure deal" for him to reprise his role as Caesar, the ape leader.[12] On May 15, 2012, it was announced Scott Z. Burns had been hired to do rewrites on the original screenplay by Rise writers Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver.[13] On May 31, 2012, 20th Century Fox announced that the sequel would be titled Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.[14]

text: On September 17, 2012, there were reports that director Wyatt was considering leaving the sequel due to his concern that a May 2014 release date would not give him enough time to make the film properly.[15] On October 1, Cloverfield director Matt Reeves was confirmed as his replacement.[16] Reeves had been working on developing a new Twilight Zone film.[17] On October 18, Mark Bomback, writer of Live Free or Die Hard, was reported to be doing a re-write for Reeves.[18]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In December 2012, after the departure of director Wyatt, James Franco speculated that he would not be returning for the sequel, saying, "Now Rupert's not a part of it so I don't know. My guess is I won't be in it. Nobody's talked to me since Rupert left."[19] Later, Matt Reeves revealed that Franco would be seen in a cameo in the film.[20][21] Freida Pinto, who played primatologist Caroline Aranha in Rise, confirmed that she would not be returning for Dawn.[22] In April 2014, when asked by IGN about the fate of Franco and Pinto's characters, producer Dylan Clark said, "I mean, they’re the ones that died...They were ground zero of the virus."[23]

text: In February 2013, actors Gary Oldman, Jason Clarke, and Kodi Smit-McPhee were cast in lead roles for the sequel, set ten years after the events from the first film.[24][25] In March 2013, actress Keri Russell was cast in a role.[26] That same month, Judy Greer was cast as Cornelia, a female chimp and love interest for Caesar.[27] Toby Kebbell, Enrique Murciano and Kirk Acevedo joined the cast during filming.[citation needed] On May 15, 2013, Jocko Sims was cast in a supporting role of military operative Werner.[28]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began in April 2013 around the town of Campbell River, British Columbia.[29] The location of Vancouver Island was chosen for its similarity to the locations depicted in the film, the forests, and the variety of landscapes.[30] Filming in New Orleans started in May 2013 and continued in July 2013 at various locations such as the former Six Flags park Six Flags New Orleans.[31]

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: Like Rise, visual effects for Dawn were done by Weta Digital. In addition to the apes, Weta created other digital animals, such as a herd of elk, a grizzly bear, and CG doubles of the live horses. The elk were created using key-frame animation and the digital crowd enhancement software MASSIVE, the bear through key-frame animation, and the horses with a mixture of key-frame animation and motion capture.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes

Soundtrack album by Michael Giacchino

Released
August 12, 2014

Recorded
2014

Genre
Film score

Length
77:21

Label
Sony Masterworks

Michael Giacchino film scores chronology

Star Trek Into Darkness
(2013)Star Trek Into Darkness2013
Dawn of the Planet of the Apes
(2014)
This Is Where I Leave You
(2014)This Is Where I Leave You2014

tag: table

text: The film's score was composed by Michael Giacchino. The soundtrack was released by Sony Masterworks on July 8, 2014.[32]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All music composed by Michael Giacchino.

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Level Plaguing Field"
2:21

2.
"Look Who’s Stalking"
2:35

3.
"The Great Ape Processional"
4:34

4.
"Past Their Primates"
1:57

5.
"Close Encounters of the Furred Kind"
4:38

6.
"Monkey to the City"
1:16

7.
"The Lost City of Chimpanzee"
3:46

8.
"Along Simian Lines"
5:04

9.
"Caesar No Evil, Hear No Evil"
2:27

10.
"Monkey See, Monkey Coup"
5:12

11.
"Gorilla Warfare"
7:37

12.
"The Apes of Wrath"
4:28

13.
"Gibbon Take"
2:55

14.
"Aped Crusaders"
3:26

15.
"How Bonobo Can You Go"
5:42

16.
"Enough Monkeying Around"
3:35

17.
"Primates for Life"
5:42

18.
"Planet of the End Credits"
8:56

19.
"Ain’t That a Stinger (Written By Griffin Giacchino)"
1:10

text: Release[edit]

text: On May 31, 2012, Fox announced that Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was scheduled for release on May 23, 2014.[14] It was announced on June 20, 2013 that the release date for Dawn was being pushed back two months to July 18, 2014.[33] On December 10, 2013, the film was pushed up one week to July 11, 2014.[34] The film premiered at the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco, California on June 26, 2014.[35] The film closed the 36th Moscow International Film Festival on June 28.[36]

text: In Hungary, the largest cinema chain called Cinema City could not agree with the film's distributor, InterCom, and as a result it opened on July 17, 2014 on 45 screens, significantly fewer than similar big-budget productions.[37] However, the film still managed to top the weekend box office chart of the country beating Transformers: Age of Extinction, which had been leading the chart for three weeks (on 105 screens distributed by UIP Duna).[38]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A viral marketing campaign for the film launched in July 2013 included a "simian flu" website[39] and mock PSA videos.[40] 20th Century Fox and Vice Media's Motherboard released three short films online in July 2014 which document the ten-year gap between the events of Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes.[41] A novel titled Dawn of the Planet of the Apes: Firestorm which is also set between the events of the first two films was published in May 2014 by Titan Books.[42] A partnership with 20th Century Fox and Ndemic Creations saw mobile/PC game Plague Inc. get a Dawn of the Planet of the Apes-themed update on July 10, 2014. It allows players to create and customize a simian flu virus to infect the world and eradicate humanity whilst helping apes survive.[43]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was a success at the box office with many critics calling it "the summer’s best popcorn film",[44] and Deadline.com commented saying it is "a franchise that will keep going and going, unless they screw it up".[45] The film grossed $208,545,589 in the USA & Canada, and $500,290,000 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $708,835,589.[6] Calculating in all expenses and revenues, Deadline.com estimated that the film made a net profit of $182.18 million.[46] It had a worldwide opening of $103.3 million which was the 11th-highest of 2014.[47] Worldwide it is the highest-grossing film in the Planet of the Apes franchise[48] and the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2014.[49]

text: In the United States and Canada, the film is the highest-grossing film in the Planet of the Apes franchise, unadjusted for inflation[48] and the eighth-highest-grossing film of 2014.[50] It opened on July 11, 2014 across 3,967 theaters and topped the box office on its opening day earning $27.7 million (including previews).[51] During its traditional three-opening, the film debuted at number one earning $72.6 million, which was 33% higher than its predecessor. Box Office Mojo pointed out that the film's good word of mouth as well as its predecessors', its darker tone, attachment of new characters and the first film's way of ending were all determining factors in the film's strong opening.[52] It remained at the summit for two consecutive weekends in North America despite facing competition with The Purge: Anarchy in its second week.[53][54]

text: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes earned $31.3 million during its opening weekend internationally from 4,913 screens in 26 markets where it opened at No. 1 in 14 of those. International opening weekend tallies of more than $5 million were witnessed in the UK ($14.88 million), Mexico ($12.94 million), South Korea ($11.5 million), Russia ($9.99 million), Brazil with ($9.2 million) and Australia ($6.6 million).[55][56] The film topped the box office outside North America for two non-consecutive weekends.[56][57]

text: The film became a massive financial success in China where it opened with $47 million on its opening weekend there. The robust debut helped the film top the international charts for the first time dethroning Guardians of the Galaxy and aided the film in passing $400 million internationally and $600 million globally.[58] Fox reported that the sequel's debut in China was one of the best in history for a Western title, save for Iron Man 3, Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and Transformers: Age of Extinction at that time.[59] After playing for a month in theaters, it passed $100 million on its fourth weekend and became the fourth Hollywood film of the year to achieve such a milestone.[60] In total, it went on to make $107.4 million there, of which the studio received $26.8 million profit.[45]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes received critical acclaim upon release.[61][62][63] On review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, it holds a score of 90% based on 285 reviews with a rating average of 7.9/10. The website's consensus reads: "With intelligence and emotional resonance to match its stunning special effects, Dawn of the Planet of the Apes expands on its predecessor with an exciting and ambitious burst of sci-fi achievement."[64] On review aggregator Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average, the film has a "generally favorable" rating score of 79 out of 100 based on 48 reviews.[65]

text: Guy Lodge of Variety said, "An altogether smashing sequel to 2011's better-than-expected Rise of the Planet of the Apes, this vivid, violent extension of humanoid ape Caesar's troubled quest for independence bests its predecessor in nearly every technical and conceptual department, with incoming helmer Matt Reeves conducting the proceedings with more assertive genre elan than Rise journeyman Rupert Wyatt."[66] Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter stated that the film "manages to do at least three things exceptionally well that are hard enough to pull off individually: Maintain a simmering level of tension without let-up for two hours, seriously improve on a very good first entry in a franchise and produce a powerful humanistic statement using a significantly simian cast of characters. In the annals of sequels, Dawn is to Rise of the Planet of the Apes what The Empire Strikes Back was to Star Wars—it's that much better."[67] Tim Robey of The Daily Telegraph said, "There's evident patience and intelligence to the filmmaking all over, as well as an engagement with genuine ideas about diplomacy, deterrence, law and leadership. However often it risks monkey-mad silliness, it's impressively un-stupid."[68] Drew McWeeny of HitFix awarded the film "A+" and said "Dawn is not just a good genre movie or a good summer movie. It's a great science-fiction film, full-stop, and one of the year's very best movies so far."[69]

text: Ty Burr of the Boston Globe wrote that "in bearing, speech, and agonized expressiveness, Serkis's Caesar conveys the conflicts of a king with almost Shakespearean grandeur."[70] A.O. Scott of The New York Times praised the film for being able to balance out the action sequences and special effects with strong storytelling, writing that "Dawn is more than a bunch of occasionally thrilling action sequences, emotional gut punches and throwaway jokes arranged in predictable sequence. It is technically impressive and viscerally exciting, for sure, but it also gives you a lot to think, and even to care, about."[71]

text: Less favorable reviews included Andrew O'Hehir at Salon.com who wrote, "Here's a rule that has gradually become clear to me: Any film that begins with one of those fake-news montages, where snippets of genuine CNN footage are stitched together to concoct a feeling of semi-urgency around its hackneyed apocalypse, already sucks even before it gets started. This one makes a dutiful attempt to struggle back from that suckage, but it all ends in yelling."[72]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Dawn of the Planet of the Apes was released by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray, and DVD on December 2, 2014.[73] According to Nielsen VideoScan, it subsequently became the best-selling home video release for the week.[74]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Third film[edit]

text: After seeing his cut of Dawn, 20th Century Fox and Chernin Entertainment signed Matt Reeves to return as director for a third installment of the reboot series. On January 6, 2014, Fox announced Reeves to direct as well as co-write along with Bomback, with a planned July 2016 release. Peter Chernin, Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver will produce.[75] In January 2015, Fox delayed the release to July 14, 2017.[76][77] On May 14, 2015, the title was given as War of the Planet of the Apes.[78] In August 2015, Deadline reported that Gabriel Chavarria was cast as one of the humans in the film.[79] In September 2015, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Woody Harrelson had been cast as the film's antagonist, and that Chavarria's role was small.[80] In October 2015, The Wrap reported that Steve Zahn was cast as a new ape in the film, retitled as War for the Planet of the Apes.[81]


document_title: Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

question_text: who played nelson mandela in a long walk to freedom

text: Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom

text: Plot[edit]

text: Based on South African President Nelson Mandela's autobiography of the same name, which chronicles his early life, coming of age, education and 27 years in prison before becoming President and working to rebuild the country's once segregated society.[6]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Idris Elba as Nelson Mandela
Atandwa Kani as Nelson Mandela (16-23)
Siza Pini as Nelson Mandela (7-9)
Naomie Harris as Winnie Madikizela
Tony Kgoroge as Walter Sisulu
S'Thandiwe Kgoroge as Albertina Sisulu
Riaad Moosa as Ahmed Kathrada
Zolani Mkiva as Raymond Mhlaba
Simo Mogwaza as Andrew Mlangeni
Tshallo Sputla Chokwe as Oliver Tambo
Fana Mokoena as Govan Mbeki
James Cunningham as George Bizos
Thapelo Mokoena as Elias Motsoaledi
Jamie Bartlett as James Gregory
Deon Lotz as Kobie Coetzee
Terry Pheto as Evelyn Mase
Sello Maake as Albert Lutuli
Gys de Villiers as F. W. de Klerk
Zenzo Ngqobe as Patrick Lekota
Carl Beukes as Niel Barnard
A.J. van der Merwe as Fanie van der Merwe
Nomfusi Gotyana as Miriam Makeba
Andre Jacobs as Bram Fischer
Louis van Niekerk as Quartus de Wet
Adam Neill as Percy Yutar
Lindiwe Matshikiza as Zindzi Mandela (28-32)
Refilwe Charles as Zindzi Mandela (8-12)
Semuhle Shangasi as Zenani Mandela (28-32)
Khumbuzile Maphumulo as Zenani Mandela (8-12)
John Herbert as Arthur Goldreich

text: Production[edit]

text: Producer Anant Singh started working on the project after interviewing Mandela while he was still imprisoned two decades prior.[7] Following the publication of Mandela's autobiography, Singh was granted the rights to the film adaptation, which was completed 16 years later by screenwriter William Nicholson. The film is directed by Justin Chadwick.

text: Music[edit]

text: For the film, U2 wrote the song "Ordinary Love".[8] Subscribers of the band's official website were able to hear a short snippet first.[9]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film held its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2013.[7][10] It was released on 28 November 2013 in South Africa and on 3 January 2014 in the United Kingdom, a week before and a month after Mandela died, respectively.

text: Long Walk to Freedom premiered in London on 5 December 2013 as a Royal Film Performance, The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge were in attendance, along with Mandela's daughters Zindzi and Zenani. The announcement of the death of Nelson Mandela occurred while the film was being screened; The Duke and Duchess were immediately informed of Nelson's passing, while producer Anant Singh (alongside Idris Elba) took the stage during the closing credits to inform patrons of Mandela's passing, and held a moment of silence. Prince William made brief comments to the press while exiting the theatre, stating that "I just wanted to say it's extremely sad and tragic news. We were just reminded what an extraordinary and inspiring man Nelson Mandela was. My thoughts and prayers are with him and his family right now." The film was temporarily pulled from theatres in South Africa the next day out of respect, but returned on 7 December 2013.[11][12][13] On the 8th of December to mark the launch of the film a Gala dinner, private screening and charity auction in aid of the children's charity Onetoonechildrensfund. Sir Trevor McDonald was Master of Ceremonies for the evening, introducing the auction where one of a limited edition of 6 portrait heads of Nelson Mandela, sculpted from life by David Cregeen. The head was donated by the sculptor and sold in aid of the charity's work in South Africa.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 59% based on 123 reviews, with an average rating of 5.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It might be too respectful to truly soar, but there's no denying Idris Elba's impressive work in Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom -- or the inspirational power of the life it depicts."[14] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average rating to reviews, the film has an average score of 60 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[15]

text: Scott Foundas of Variety said the film "never opts for a light touch when a sledgehammer will do", but also praises Elba for "a towering performance, a Mandela for the ages".[16]

text: Claudia Puig of USA Today agreed that Elba's performance was powerful but felt the film was not as strong, stating, "Earnest and ambitious, the film suffers from trying to squeeze in too many milestones of Nelson Mandela's long life as he worked to end the oppressive regime of apartheid in South Africa. But the talent of the lead actors lends it heft, particularly the commanding performance of Idris Elba as Mandela."[17]

text: Jordan Hoffman from Film.com also gave the film a mixed to negative review: "Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom should have been a layup. A slow burn leading to eventual triumph, moving speeches, Idris Elba raging against injustice, the world made a better place because of one man's sacrifice. But as crazy and offensive as it may sound, you'll get more chills from Elba's idiotic speech about canceling the apocalypse in Pacific Rim than you will in this by-the-numbers bore."[18]

text: However, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film a generally positive review with 2 and a half out of 4 stars, mostly circling the performances.[19]

text: Screenwriter William Nicholson claimed it didn't do better because of the movie 12 Years a Slave: "12 Years a Slave came out in America and that sucked up all the guilt about black people that was available. They were so exhausted feeling guilty about slavery that I don't think there was much left over to be nice about our film." He also speculated that the death of Mandela resulted in a Mandela "overdose" among people, so that they have had enough of him when the movie finally hit the theatres; "Suddenly the word came through that he died. We were deluged with Mandela stuff and after a week we all thought, please, take it away, we've heard enough about Mandela."[20]

text: Historical accuracy[edit]

text: Vincent Hiribarren, a lecturer in world history at King's College London, notes in his review of the film for History Extra, the website of BBC History Magazine: "[The film] clearly depicted Mandela's understanding of the apartheid years. Or, at least, what he wanted to let us know. As the film is not based on Mandela's life but on Mandela's own words, criticism levelled at Mandela's autobiography can also be directed at the film."[21]

text: Turning to the 1976 Soweto uprising, Hiribarren said that the film "did not spend much time evoking this pivotal event, because Mandela did not say much about Soweto in his book. The Soweto uprising was, however, instrumental in creating a new political climate in South Africa that directly led to the politicisation of many young South Africans."[21]

text: Hiribarren awarded the film three stars for historical accuracy, and five for enjoyment.[21]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Awards

Award
Category
Name
Result

86th Academy Awards
Best Original Song
U2 for "Ordinary Love"
Nominated

ABFF Hollywood Awards
Artist of the Year
Idris Elba (also for Pacific Rim and Thor: The Dark World)
Nominated

71st Golden Globe Awards[22][23]
Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
Idris Elba
Nominated

Best Original Score
Alex Heffes
Nominated

Best Original Song – Motion Picture
U2 and Danger Mouse ("Ordinary Love")
Won

19th Critics' Choice Awards[24]
Best Song

Nominated

Motion Picture Sound Editors Golden Reel Awards[25][26]
Best Sound Editing: Music Score in a Feature Film
Lewis Morison
Nominated