document_title: List of La Liga hat-tricks

question_text: who has the highest hat trick between ronaldo and messi

text: List of La Liga hat-tricks

text: Hat-tricks[edit]

text:
Key

4
Player scored four goals

5
Player scored five goals

7
Player scored seven goals

Player scored hat-trick as a substitute

The home team

text:
Player
Nationality
For
Against
Result
Date
Ref

Lazcano, JaimeJaime Lazcano4
 Spain
Real Madrid
Europa
5–0
000000001929-02-10-000010 February 1929
[1]

Cros, ManuelManuel Cros4
 Spain
Europa
Arenas
5–2
000000001929-02-17-000017 February 1929
[2]

Goyenechea, CarmeloCarmelo Goyenechea
 Spain
Athletic Bilbao
Espanyol
9–0
000000001929-02-17-000017 February 1929
[3]

Lafuente
 Spain
Athletic Bilbao
Espanyol
9–0
000000001929-02-17-000017 February 1929
[4]

Lafuente
 Spain
Athletic Bilbao
Racing Santander
0–4
000000001929-02-24-000024 February 1929
[5]

Sastre, JosepJosep Sastre
 Spain
Barcelona
Europa
5–2
000000001929-03-24-000024 March 1929
[6]

Arocha, ÁngelÁngel Arocha
 Spain
Barcelona
Racing Santander
5–1
000000001929-04-28-000028 April 1929
[7]

Bestit, CarlesCarles Bestit4
 Spain
Europa
Real Madrid
5–2
000000001929-04-28-000028 April 1929
[8]

Gallart, RicardoRicardo Gallart
 Spain
Espanyol
Athletic Bilbao
4–1
000000001929-05-05-00005 May 1929
[9]

Urtizberea, SantiagoSantiago Urtizberea
 Spain
Real Unión
Arenas
7–1
000000001929-05-12-000012 May 1929
[10]

Vázquez, CosmeCosme Vázquez4
 Spain
Atlético Madrid
Europa
5–4
000000001929-06-09-00009 June 1929
[11]

Luis Marín
 Spain
Atlético Madrid
Espanyol
7–1
000000001929-06-23-000023 June 1929
[12]

Lorenzo, EdelmiroEdelmiro Lorenzo
 Spain
Espanyol
Arenas
5–0
000000001930-12-28-000028 December 1930
[13]

Bata7
 Spain
Athletic Bilbao
Barcelona
12–1
000000001931-02-08-00008 February 1931
[14]

Rodríguez, CésarCésar Rodríguez4
 Spain
Barcelona
Real Sociedad
8–2
000000001950-09-10-000010 September 1950
[15]

Araujo, JuanJuan Araujo4
 Spain
Sevilla
Alcoyano
7–1
000000001950-11-19-000019 November 1950
[16]

Marcet, Francisco JavierFrancisco Javier Marcet
 Spain
Espanyol
Real Madrid
7–1
000000001950-12-31-000031 December 1950
[17]

Pahiño
 Spain
Real Madrid
Las Palmas
1–4
000000001951-09-09-00009 September 1951
[18]

Panizo, José LuisJosé Luis Panizo4
 Spain
Athletic Bilbao
Zaragoza
10–1
000000001951-09-23-000023 September 1951
[19]

Kubala, LászlóLászló Kubala5
 Hungary
Barcelona
Celta Vigo
6–1
000000001951-11-18-000018 November 1951
[20]

Kubala, LászlóLászló Kubala
 Hungary
Barcelona
Sevilla
5–3
000000001951-12-02-00002 December 1951
[21]

Kubala, LászlóLászló Kubala7
 Hungary
Barcelona
Sporting Gijón
9–0
000000001952-02-10-000010 February 1952
[22]

Kubala, LászlóLászló Kubala
 Hungary
Barcelona
Racing Santander
7–1
000000001952-03-16-000016 March 1952
[23]

Rodríguez, CésarCésar Rodríguez
 Spain
Barcelona
Las Palmas
7–0
000000001952-04-06-00006 April 1952
[24]

Escudero, AdriánAdrián Escudero
 Spain
Atlético Madrid
Alavés
8–1
000000001955-09-25-000025 September 1955
[25]

Kubala, LászlóLászló Kubala
 Hungary
Barcelona
Hércules
6–4
000000001956-02-12-000012 February 1956
[26]

Kubala, LászlóLászló Kubala4
 Hungary
Barcelona
Granada
8–2
000000001961-03-19-000019 March 1961
[27]

Alonso, PichiPichi Alonso5
 Spain
Zaragoza
Espanyol
8–1
000000001979-02-25-000025 February 1979
[28]

Alonso, PichiPichi Alonso4
 Spain
Zaragoza
Burgos
5–0
000000001979-11-18-000018 November 1979
[29]

Maradona, Diego ArmandoDiego Armando Maradona
 Argentina
Barcelona
Las Palmas
7–2
000000001983-04-17-000017 April 1983
[30]

Lineker, GaryGary Lineker
 England
Barcelona
Real Madrid
3–2
000000001987-01-31-000031 January 1987
[31]

Stoichkov, HristoHristo Stoichkov
 Bulgaria
Barcelona
Castellón
6–0
000000001990-11-18-000018 November 1990
[32]

Urban, JanJan Urban
 Poland
Osasuna
Real Madrid
0–4
000000001990-12-30-000030 December 1990
[33]

Begiristain, AitorAitor Begiristain
 Spain
Barcelona
Valladolid
1–5
000000001991-02-24-000024 February 1991
[34]

Stoichkov, HristoHristo Stoichkov4
 Bulgaria
Barcelona
Athletic Bilbao
0–6
000000001991-03-10-000010 March 1991
[35]

Romário
 Brazil
Barcelona
Real Sociedad
3–0
000000001993-09-05-00005 September 1993
[36]

Peternac, AlenAlen Peternac5
 Croatia
Valladolid
Oviedo
3–8
000000001996-05-19-000019 May 1996
[37]

Quevedo, José MaríaJosé María Quevedo
 Spain
Valladolid
Oviedo
3–8
000000001996-05-19-000019 May 1996
[38]

Luis Enrique Martínez, Luis Enrique Martínez
 Spain
Barcelona
Athletic Bilbao
7–0
000000002001-02-03-00003 February 2001
[39]

Kluivert, PatrickPatrick Kluivert
 Netherlands
Barcelona
Villarreal
4–4
000000002001-04-08-00008 April 2001
[40]

Rivaldo, Rivaldo
 Brazil
Barcelona
Valencia
3–2
000000002001-06-17-000017 June 2001
[41]

Makaay, RoyRoy Makaay
 Netherlands
Deportivo La Coruña
Recreativo Huelva
5–0
000000002003-05-04-00004 May 2003
[42]

Raúl, Raúl
 Spain
Real Madrid
Valladolid
7–2
000000002003-09-13-000013 September 2003
[43]

Oliveira, RicardoRicardo Oliveira
 Brazil
Valencia
Mallorca
0–5
000000002003-11-02-00002 November 2003
[44]

Ballesta, SalvaSalva Ballesta
 Spain
Málaga
Barcelona
5–1
000000002003-12-03-00003 December 2003
[45]

Sánchez, VíctorVíctor Sánchez
 Spain
Deportivo La Coruña
Celta Vigo
0–5
000000002004-01-03-00003 January 2004
[46]

Guerrero, JaviJavi Guerrero
 Spain
Racing Santander
Murcia
3–2
000000002004-01-25-000025 January 2004
[47]

Oliveira, RicardoRicardo Oliveira
 Brazil
Valencia
Málaga
1–6
000000002004-01-31-000031 January 2004
[48]

Baptista, JúlioJúlio Baptista
 Brazil
Sevilla
Murcia
1–3
000000002004-02-14-000014 February 2004
[49]

Mista, Mista
 Spain
Valencia
Mallorca
5–1
000000002004-03-21-000021 March 2004
[50]

Baptista, JúlioJúlio Baptista4
 Brazil
Sevilla
Racing Santander
5–2
000000002004-04-18-000018 April 2004
[51]

Villa, DavidDavid Villa4
 Spain
Zaragoza
Sevilla
4–4
000000002004-04-25-000025 April 2004
[52]

Torres, FernandoFernando Torres
 Spain
Atlético Madrid
Athletic Bilbao
3–4
000000002004-05-23-000023 May 2004
[53]

Pachón, SergioSergio Pachón
 Spain
Getafe
Athletic Bilbao
3–1
000000002004-10-03-00003 October 2004
[54]

Riquelme, Juan RománJuan Román Riquelme
 Argentina
Villarreal
Valencia
3–1
000000002005-01-23-000023 January 2005
[55]

Oliveira, RicardoRicardo Oliveira
 Brazil
Real Betis
Athletic Bilbao
4–4
000000002005-02-13-000013 February 2005
[56]

Ballesta, SalvaSalva Ballesta
 Spain
Atlético Madrid
Mallorca
4–0
000000002005-04-03-00003 April 2005
[57]

Benayoun, YossiYossi Benayoun
 Israel
Racing Santander
Deportivo La Coruña
1–4
000000002005-04-24-000024 April 2005
[58]

Forlán, DiegoDiego Forlán
 Uruguay
Villarreal
Barcelona
3–3
000000002005-05-22-000022 May 2005
[59]

Arango, JuanJuan Arango
 Venezuela
Mallorca
Real Sociedad
5–2
000000002005-09-17-000017 September 2005
[60]

Nenê
 Brazil
Alavés
Getafe
3–4
000000002005-09-18-000018 September 2005
[61]

Zidane, ZinedineZinedine Zidane
 France
Real Madrid
Sevilla
4–2
000000002006-01-15-000015 January 2006
[62]

Martín, DanielDaniel Martín
 Spain
Real Betis
Zaragoza
4–3
000000002006-02-05-00005 February 2006
[63]

Luis García
 Spain
Espanyol
Sevilla
5–0
000000002006-02-26-000026 February 2006
[64]

Villa, DavidDavid Villa
 Spain
Valencia
Athletic Bilbao
0–3
000000002006-04-23-000023 April 2006
[65]

van Nistelrooy, RuudRuud van Nistelrooy
 Netherlands
Real Madrid
Levante
1–4
000000002006-09-10-000010 September 2006
[66]

van Nistelrooy, RuudRuud van Nistelrooy4
 Netherlands
Real Madrid
Osasuna
1–4
000000002006-11-12-000012 November 2006
[67]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Real Madrid
3–3
000000002007-03-10-000010 March 2007
[68]

Pandiani, WalterWalter Pandiani
 Uruguay
Espanyol
Real Madrid
4–3
000000002007-05-12-000012 May 2007
[69]

Forlán, DiegoDiego Forlán
 Uruguay
Villarreal
Osasuna
1–4
000000002007-05-13-000013 May 2007
[70]

Aduriz, AritzAritz Aduriz
 Spain
Athletic Bilbao
Zaragoza
4–3
000000002007-05-19-000019 May 2007
[71]

Soldado, RobertoRoberto Soldado
 Spain
Osasuna
Levante
1–4
000000002007-05-20-000020 May 2007
[72]

Henry, ThierryThierry Henry
 France
Barcelona
Levante
1–4
000000002007-09-29-000029 September 2007
[73]

Riganò, ChristianChristian Riganò
 Italy
Levante
Almería
3–0
000000002007-11-04-00004 November 2007
[74]

Llorente, JosebaJoseba Llorente
 Spain
Valladolid
Recreativo Huelva
3–1
000000002008-01-13-000013 January 2008
[75]

Eto'o, SamuelSamuel Eto'o
 Cameroon
Barcelona
Levante
5–1
000000002008-02-24-000024 February 2008
[76]

Arango, JuanJuan Arango
 Venezuela
Mallorca
Recreativo Huelva
7–1
000000002008-03-09-00009 March 2008
[77]

Xisco
 Spain
Deportivo La Coruña
Murcia
3–1
000000002008-03-30-000030 March 2008
[78]

Güiza, DanielDaniel Güiza
 Spain
Mallorca
Murcia
1–4
000000002008-04-30-000030 April 2008
[79]

Villa, DavidDavid Villa
 Spain
Valencia
Levante
1–5
000000002008-05-11-000011 May 2008
[80]

dos Santos, GiovaniGiovani dos Santos
 Mexico
Barcelona
Murcia
3–5
000000002008-05-17-000017 May 2008
[81]

Bilić, MateMate Bilić
 Croatia
Sporting Gijón
Sevilla
4–3
000000002008-09-13-000013 September 2008
[82]

van der Vaart, RafaelRafael van der Vaart
 Netherlands
Real Madrid
Sporting Gijón
7–1
000000002008-09-24-000024 September 2008
[83]

Eto'o, SamuelSamuel Eto'o
 Cameroon
Barcelona
Almería
5–0
000000002008-10-25-000025 October 2008
[84]

Tchité, MohamedMohamed Tchité
 Burundi
Racing Santander
Valencia
2–4
000000002008-11-01-00001 November 2008
[85]

Higuaín, GonzaloGonzalo Higuaín4
 Argentina
Real Madrid
Málaga
4–3
000000002008-11-08-00008 November 2008
[86]

Eto'o, SamuelSamuel Eto'o4
 Cameroon
Barcelona
Valladolid
6–0
000000002008-11-08-00008 November 2008
[86]

Henry, ThierryThierry Henry
 France
Barcelona
Valencia
4–0
000000002008-12-06-00006 December 2008
[87]

Soldado, RobertoRoberto Soldado
 Spain
Getafe
Racing Santander
5–1
000000002009-01-25-000025 January 2009
[88]

Kanouté, FrédéricFrédéric Kanouté
 Mali
Sevilla
Valladolid
4–1
000000002009-03-21-000021 March 2009
[89]

Raúl, Raúl
 Spain
Real Madrid
Sevilla
2–4
000000002009-04-26-000026 April 2009
[90]

Forlán, DiegoDiego Forlán
 Uruguay
Atlético Madrid
Athletic Bilbao
1–4
000000002009-05-23-000023 May 2009
[91]

Tamudo, RaúlRaúl Tamudo
 Spain
Espanyol
Málaga
3–0
000000002009-05-31-000031 May 2009
[92]

Soldado, RobertoRoberto Soldado
 Spain
Getafe
Racing Santander
1–4
000000002009-08-30-000030 August 2009
[93]

Keita, SeydouSeydou Keita
 Mali
Barcelona
Zaragoza
6–1
000000002009-10-25-000025 October 2009
[94]

Soldado, RobertoRoberto Soldado
 Spain
Getafe
Xerez
5–1
000000002009-11-29-000029 November 2009
[95]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Tenerife
0–5
000000002010-01-10-000010 January 2010
[96]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Valencia
3–0
000000002010-03-10-000010 March 2010
[97]

Higuaín, GonzaloGonzalo Higuaín
 Argentina
Real Madrid
Valladolid
1–4
000000002010-03-14-000014 March 2010
[98]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Zaragoza
2–4
000000002010-03-21-000021 March 2010
[99]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Mallorca
1–4
000000002010-05-05-00005 May 2010
[100]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo4
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Racing Santander
6–1
000000002010-10-23-000023 October 2010
[101]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Almería
0–8
000000002010-11-20-000020 November 2010
[102]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Athletic Bilbao
5–1
000000002010-11-20-000020 November 2010
[103]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Villarreal
4–2
000000002011-01-09-00009 January 2011
[104]

Fabiano, LuísLuís Fabiano
 Brazil
Sevilla
Levante
4–1
000000002011-01-22-000022 January 2011
[105]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Atlético Madrid
3–0
000000002011-02-05-00005 February 2011
[106]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Málaga
7–0
000000002011-03-03-00003 March 2011
[107]

Soldado, RobertoRoberto Soldado4
 Spain
Valencia
Getafe
4–2
000000002011-04-02-00002 April 2011
[108]

Costa, DiegoDiego Costa
 Spain
Atlético Madrid
Osasuna
2–3
000000002011-04-03-00003 April 2011
[109]

Higuaín, GonzaloGonzalo Higuaín
 Argentina
Real Madrid
Valencia
3–6
000000002011-04-23-000023 April 2011
[110]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo4
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Sevilla
2–6
000000002011-05-07-00007 May 2011
[111]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Getafe
4–0
000000002011-05-10-000010 May 2011
[112]

Adebayor, EmmanuelEmmanuel Adebayor
 Togo
Real Madrid
Almería
8–1
000000002011-05-21-000021 May 2011
[113]

Agüero, SergioSergio Agüero
 Argentina
Atlético Madrid
Mallorca
3–4
000000002011-05-21-000021 May 2011
[114]

Soldado, RobertoRoberto Soldado
 Spain
Valencia
Racing Santander
4–3
000000002011-08-27-000027 August 2011
[115]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Zaragoza
0–6
000000002011-08-28-000028 August 2011
[116]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Osasuna
8–0
000000002011-09-17-000017 September 2011
[117]

Falcao, RadamelRadamel Falcao
 Colombia
Atlético Madrid
Racing Santander
4–0
000000002011-09-18-000018 September 2011
[118]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Rayo Vallecano
6–2
000000002011-09-24-000024 September 2011
[119]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Atlético Madrid
5–0
000000002011-09-24-000024 September 2011
[120]

Higuaín, GonzaloGonzalo Higuaín
 Argentina
Real Madrid
Espanyol
0–4
000000002011-10-02-00002 October 2011
[121]

Higuaín, GonzaloGonzalo Higuaín
 Argentina
Real Madrid
Real Betis
4–1
000000002011-10-14-000014 October 2011
[122]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Málaga
0–4
000000002011-10-22-000022 October 2011
[123]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Mallorca
5–0
000000002011-10-29-000029 October 2011
[124]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Osasuna
7–1
000000002011-11-06-00006 November 2011
[125]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Sevilla
2–6
000000002011-12-17-000017 December 2011
[126]

Falcao, RadamelRadamel Falcao
 Colombia
Atlético Madrid
Real Sociedad
0–4
000000002012-01-21-000021 January 2012
[127]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Málaga
1–4
000000002012-01-22-000022 January 2012
[128]

Llorente, FernandoFernando Llorente
 Spain
Athletic Bilbao
Rayo Vallecano
2–3
000000002012-01-28-000028 January 2012
[129]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Levante
4–2
000000002012-02-12-000012 February 2012
[130]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi4
 Argentina
Barcelona
Valencia
5–1
000000002012-02-19-000019 February 2012
[131]

Uche, KaluKalu Uche
 Nigeria
Espanyol
Rayo Vallecano
5–1
000000002012-03-11-000011 March 2012
[132]

Soldado, RobertoRoberto Soldado
 Spain
Valencia
Athletic Bilbao
0–3
000000002012-03-18-000018 March 2012
[133]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Granada
5–3
000000002012-03-20-000020 March 2012
[134]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Atlético Madrid
1–4
000000002012-04-11-000011 April 2012
[135]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Málaga
4–1
000000002012-05-02-00002 May 2012
[136]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi4
 Argentina
Barcelona
Espanyol
4–0
000000002012-05-05-00005 May 2012
[137]

Falcao, RadamelRadamel Falcao
 Colombia
Atlético Madrid
Athletic Bilbao
4–0
000000002012-08-27-000027 August 2012
[138]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Deportivo La Coruña
5–1
000000002012-09-30-000030 September 2012
[139]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Deportivo La Coruña
4–5
000000002012-10-20-000020 October 2012
[140]

Falcao, RadamelRadamel Falcao5
 Colombia
Atlético Madrid
Deportivo La Coruña
6–0
000000002012-12-09-00009 December 2012
[141]

Prieto, XabiXabi Prieto
 Spain
Real Sociedad
Real Madrid
4–3
000000002013-01-06-00006 January 2013
[142]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Getafe
4–0
000000002013-01-27-000027 January 2013
[143]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi4
 Argentina
Barcelona
Osasuna
5–1
000000002013-01-27-000027 January 2013
[144]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Sevilla
4–1
000000002013-02-09-00009 February 2013
[145]

Negredo, ÁlvaroÁlvaro Negredo
 Spain
Sevilla
Celta Vigo
4–1
000000002013-03-04-00004 March 2013
[146]

Fàbregas, CescCesc Fàbregas
 Spain
Barcelona
Mallorca
5–0
000000002013-04-06-00006 April 2013
[147]

Negredo, ÁlvaroÁlvaro Negredo4
 Spain
Sevilla
Valencia
4–3
000000002013-06-01-00001 June 2013
[148]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Valencia
2–3
000000002013-09-02-00002 September 2013
[149]

El Hamdaoui, MounirMounir El Hamdaoui
 Morocco
Málaga
Rayo Vallecano
5–0
000000002013-09-15-000015 September 2013
[150]

Pedro, Pedro
 Spain
Barcelona
Rayo Vallecano
0–4
000000002013-09-21-000021 September 2013
[151]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Sevilla
7–3
000000002013-10-30-000030 October 2013
[152]

El-Arabi, YoussefYoussef El-Arabi
 Morocco
Granada
Málaga
3–1
000000002013-11-08-00008 November 2013
[153]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Real Sociedad
5–1
000000002013-11-09-00009 November 2013
[154]

Vela, CarlosCarlos Vela4
 Mexico
Real Sociedad
Celta Vigo
4–3
000000002013-11-23-000023 November 2013
[155]

García, SergioSergio García
 Spain
Espanyol
Rayo Vallecano
1–4
000000002013-11-24-000024 November 2013
[156]

Bale, GarethGareth Bale
 Wales
Real Madrid
Valladolid
4–0
000000002013-11-30-000030 November 2013
[157]

Jonas, Jonas
 Brazil
Valencia
Osasuna
3–0
000000002013-12-01-00001 December 2013
[158]

Guerra, JaviJavi Guerra
 Spain
Valladolid
Celta Vigo
3–0
000000002013-12-16-000016 December 2013
[159]

Pedro, Pedro
 Spain
Barcelona
Getafe
2–5
000000002013-12-22-000022 December 2013
[160]

Sánchez, AlexisAlexis Sánchez
 Chile
Barcelona
Elche
4–0
000000002014-01-05-00005 January 2014
[161]

Uche, IkechukwuIkechukwu Uche
 Nigeria
Villarreal
Rayo Vallecano
2–5
000000002014-01-06-00006 January 2014
[162]

Aduriz, AritzAritz Aduriz
 Spain
Athletic Bilbao
Granada
4–0
000000002014-02-28-000028 February 2014
[163]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Osasuna
7–0
000000002014-03-16-000016 March 2014
[164]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Real Madrid
3–4
000000002014-03-23-000023 March 2014
[165]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Deportivo La Coruña
2–8
000000002014-09-20-000020 September 2014
[166]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo4
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Elche
5–1
000000002014-09-23-000023 September 2014
[167]

Neymar, Neymar
 Brazil
Barcelona
Granada
6–0
000000002014-09-27-000027 September 2014
[168]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Athletic Bilbao
5–0
000000002014-10-05-00005 October 2014
[169]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Sevilla
5–1
000000002014-11-22-000022 November 2014
[170]

Vela, CarlosCarlos Vela
 Mexico
Real Sociedad
Elche
3–0
000000002014-11-28-000028 November 2014
[171]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Celta Vigo
3–0
000000002014-12-06-00006 December 2014
[172]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Espanyol
5–1
000000002014-12-07-00007 December 2014
[173]

Griezmann, AntoineAntoine Griezmann
 France
Atlético Madrid
Athletic Bilbao
1–4
000000002014-12-21-000021 December 2014
[174]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Deportivo La Coruña
0–4
000000002015-01-18-000018 January 2015
[175]

Barral, DavidDavid Barral
 Spain
Levante
Málaga
4–1
000000002015-02-07-00007 February 2015
[176]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Levante
5–0
000000002015-02-15-000015 February 2015
[177]

Bueno, AlbertoAlberto Bueno4
 Spain
Rayo Vallecano
Levante
4–2
000000002015-02-28-000028 February 2015
[178]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Rayo Vallecano
6–1
000000002015-03-08-00008 March 2015
[179]

Barral, DavidDavid Barral
 Spain
Levante
Almería
1–4
000000002015-04-04-00004 April 2015
[180]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo5
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Granada
9–1
000000002015-04-05-00005 April 2015
[181]

Mina, SantiSanti Mina4
 Spain
Celta Vigo
Rayo Vallecano
6–1
000000002015-04-11-000011 April 2015
[182]

Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez
 Uruguay
Barcelona
Córdoba
0–8
000000002015-05-02-00002 May 2015
[183]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Sevilla
2–3
000000002015-05-02-00002 May 2015
[184]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Espanyol
1–4
000000002015-05-17-000017 May 2015
[185]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Getafe
7–3
000000002015-05-23-000023 May 2015
[186]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo5
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Espanyol
0–6
000000002015-09-12-000012 September 2015
[187]

Agirretxe, ImanolImanol Agirretxe
 Spain
Real Sociedad
Granada
0–3
000000002015-09-22-000022 September 2015
[188]

Charles, Charles
 Brazil
Málaga
Real Sociedad
3–1
000000002015-10-03-00003 October 2015
[189]

Neymar, Neymar4
 Brazil
Barcelona
Rayo Vallecano
5–2
000000002015-10-17-000017 October 2015
[190]

Gameiro, KévinKévin Gameiro
 France
Sevilla
Getafe
5–0
000000002015-10-24-000024 October 2015
[191]

Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez
 Uruguay
Barcelona
Eibar
3–1
000000002015-10-25-000025 October 2015
[192]

Aduriz, AritzAritz Aduriz
 Spain
Athletic Bilbao
Rayo Vallecano
0–3
000000002015-11-29-000029 November 2015
[193]

Sanabria, AntonioAntonio Sanabria
 Paraguay
Sporting Gijón
Las Palmas
3–1
000000002015-12-05-00005 December 2015
[194]

Bale, GarethGareth Bale4
 Wales
Real Madrid
Rayo Vallecano
10–2
000000002015-12-20-000020 December 2015
[195]

Benzema, KarimKarim Benzema
 France
Real Madrid
Rayo Vallecano
10–2
000000002015-12-20-000020 December 2015
[195]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Granada
4–0
000000002016-01-09-00009 January 2016
[196]

Bale, GarethGareth Bale
 Wales
Real Madrid
Deportivo La Coruña
5–0
000000002016-01-09-00009 January 2016
[197]

Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez
 Uruguay
Barcelona
Athletic Bilbao
6–0
000000002016-01-17-000017 January 2016
[198]

Sanabria, AntonioAntonio Sanabria
 Paraguay
Sporting Gijón
Real Sociedad
5–1
000000002016-01-22-000022 January 2016
[199]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Espanyol
6–0
000000002016-01-31-000031 January 2016
[200]

Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez
 Uruguay
Barcelona
Celta Vigo
6–1
000000002016-02-14-000014 February 2016
[201]

Aduriz, AritzAritz Aduriz
 Spain
Athletic Bilbao
Deportivo La Coruña
4–1
000000002016-03-02-00002 March 2016
[202]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Rayo Vallecano
5–1
000000002016-03-03-00003 March 2016
[203]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo4
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Celta Vigo
7–1
000000002016-03-05-00005 March 2016
[204]

Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez4
 Uruguay
Barcelona
Deportivo La Coruña
0–8
000000002016-04-20-000020 April 2016
[205]

Alcácer, PacoPaco Alcácer
 Spain
Valencia
Eibar
4–0
000000002016-04-20-000020 April 2016
[206]

El-Arabi, YoussefYoussef El-Arabi
 Morocco
Granada
Levante
5–1
000000002016-04-21-000021 April 2016
[207]

Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez4
 Uruguay
Barcelona
Sporting Gijón
6–0
000000002016-04-23-000023 April 2016
[208]

Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez
 Uruguay
Barcelona
Granada
0–3
000000002016-05-14-000014 May 2016
[209]

Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez
 Uruguay
Barcelona
Real Betis
6–2
000000002016-08-20-000020 August 2016
[210]

Carrasco, YannickYannick Carrasco
 Belgium
Atlético Madrid
Granada
7–1
000000002016-10-15-000015 October 2016
[211]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Alavés
1–4
000000002016-10-29-000029 October 2016
[212]

Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal
Real Madrid
Atlético Madrid
0–3
000000002016-11-19-000019 November 2016
[213]

Iborra, VicenteVicente Iborra†
 Spain
Sevilla
Celta Vigo
0–3
000000002016-12-11-000011 December 2016
[214]

Ben Yedder, WissamWissam Ben Yedder
 France
Sevilla
Real Sociedad
0–4
000000002017-01-07-00007 January 2017
[215]

Gameiro, KévinKévin Gameiro†
 France
Atlético Madrid
Sporting Gijón
1–4
000000002017-02-18-000018 February 2017
[216]

Rossi, GiuseppeGiuseppe Rossi
 Italy
Celta Vigo
Las Palmas
3–1
000000002017-03-03-00003 March 2017
[217]

Morata, ÁlvaroÁlvaro Morata
 Spain
Real Madrid
Leganés
2–4
000000002017-04-05-00005 April 2017
[218]

Neymar, Neymar
 Brazil
Barcelona
Las Palmas
1–4
000000002017-05-14-000014 May 2017
[219]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi
 Argentina
Barcelona
Espanyol
5–0
000000002017-09-09-00009 September 2017
[220]

Zaza, SimoneSimone Zaza
 Italy
Valencia
Málaga
5–0
000000002017-09-19-000019 September 2017
[221]

Messi, LionelLionel Messi4
 Argentina
Barcelona
Eibar
6–1
000000002017-09-19-000019 September 2017
[222]

Bakambu, CédricCédric Bakambu
 DR Congo
Villarreal
Eibar
3–0
000000002017-10-01-00001 October 2017
[223]

Aspas, IagoIago Aspas
 Spain
Celta Vigo
Las Palmas
2–5
000000002017-10-16-000016 October 2017
[224]

text: Multiple hat-tricks[edit]

text: Players with at least 10 hat-tricks are shown in this table.

text:
Rank
Player
Hat-tricks
Last hat-trick

1
 Cristiano Ronaldo
32
19 November 2016

2
 Lionel Messi
28
19 September 2017

3
 Telmo Zarra
22
15 March 1953

 Alfredo di Stéfano
22
15 March 1964

5
 Mundo
19
10 October 1948

6
 César Rodríguez
15
19 October 1952

7
 Isidro Lángara
13
15 December 1946

8
 Ferenc Puskás
12
15 December 1963

9
 László Kubala
11
19 March 1961

 Pahiño
11
11 September 1955

 Manuel Badenes
11
29 March 1958

12
 Quini
10
7 October 1981

text: Source: BDFútbol


document_title: Home run

question_text: who hit the longest home run of all time

question_tokens: who hit the longest home run of all time

root

text: Home run

text: Types of home runs[edit]

text: Out of the park[edit]

text: In modern times a home run is most often scored when the ball is hit over the outfield wall between the foul poles (in fair territory) before it touches the ground (in flight), and without being caught or deflected back onto the field by a fielder. A batted ball is also a home run if it touches either foul pole or its attached screen before touching the ground, as the foul poles are by definition in fair territory. Additionally, many major-league ballparks have ground rules stating that a batted ball in flight that strikes a specified location or fixed object is a home run; this usually applies to objects that are beyond the outfield wall but are located such that it may be difficult for an umpire to judge.

tag: p

text: A batted ball that goes over the outfield wall after touching the ground is not a home run, but an automatic double for the batter (often colloquially called a "ground rule double").

text: A fielder is allowed to reach over the wall to attempt to catch the ball as long as his feet are on or over the field during the attempt, and if the fielder successfully catches the ball while it is in flight the batter is out, even if the ball had already passed the vertical plane of the wall. However, since the fielder is not part of the field, a ball that bounces off a fielder (including his glove) and over the wall without touching the ground is still a home run. A fielder may not deliberately throw his glove, cap, or any other equipment or apparel to stop or deflect a fair ball, and an umpire may award a home run to the batter if a fielder does so on a ball that, in the umpire's judgment, would have otherwise been a home run (this is rare in modern professional baseball).[3]

text: A home run accomplished in any of the above manners is an automatic home run. The ball is dead, even if it rebounds back onto the field (e.g., from striking a foul pole), and the batter and any preceding runners cannot be put out at any time while running the bases. However, if one or more runners fail to touch a base or one runner passes another before reaching home plate, that runner or runners can be called out on appeal, though in the case of not touching a base a runner can go back and touch it if doing so won't cause them to be passed by another preceding runner and they have not yet touched the next base (or home plate in the case of missing third base). This stipulation is in Approved Ruling (2) of Rule 7.10(b).[3]

text: Inside-the-park home run[edit]

text: An inside-the-park home run occurs when a batter hits the ball into play and is able to circle the bases before the fielders can put him out. Unlike with an outside-the-park home run, the batter-runner and all preceding runners are liable to be put out by the defensive team at any time while running the bases. This can only happen if the ball does not leave the ballfield.

text: In the early days of baseball, outfields were relatively much more spacious, reducing the likelihood of an over-the-fence home run, while increasing the likelihood of an inside-the-park home run, as a ball getting past an outfielder had more distance that it could roll before a fielder could track it down.

text: With outfields much less spacious and more uniformly designed than in the game's early days, inside-the-park home runs are now a rarity. They are usually the result of a ball being hit by a very fast runner, coupled with an outfielder either misjudging the flight of the ball (e.g., diving and missing) or the ball taking an unexpected bounce. Either way, this sends the ball into open space in the outfield and thereby allows the batter-runner to circle the bases before the defensive team can put him out. The speed of the runner is crucial as even triples are relatively rare in most modern ballparks.

text: If any defensive play on an inside-the-park home run is labeled an error by the official scorer, a home run is not scored; instead, it is scored as a single, double, or triple, and the batter-runner and any applicable preceding runners are said to have taken all additional bases on error. All runs scored on such a play, however, still count.

text: An example of an unexpected bounce occurred during the 2007 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at AT&T Park in San Francisco on July 10, 2007. Ichiro Suzuki of the American League team hit a fly ball off the right-center field wall, which caromed in the opposite direction from where National League right fielder Ken Griffey, Jr. was expecting it to go. By the time the ball was relayed, Ichiro had already crossed the plate standing up. This was the first inside-the-park home run in All-Star Game history, and led to Suzuki being named the game's Most Valuable Player.

text: Number of runs batted in[edit]

text: Home runs are often characterized by the number of runners on base at the time. A home run hit with the bases empty is seldom called a "one-run homer", but rather a solo home run, solo homer, or "solo shot". With one runner on base, two runs are scored (the baserunner and the batter) and thus the home run is often called a two-run homer or two-run shot. Similarly, a home runs with two runners on base is a three-run homer or three-run shot.

text: The term "four-run homer" is seldom used; instead, it is nearly always called a "grand slam". Hitting a grand slam is the best possible result for the batter's turn at bat and the worst possible result for the pitcher and his team.

text: Grand slam[edit]

text: A grand slam occurs when the bases are "loaded" (that is, there are base runners standing at first, second, and third base) and the batter hits a home run. According to The Dickson Baseball Dictionary, the term originated in the card game of contract bridge. An inside-the-park grand slam is a grand slam that is also an inside-the-park home run, a home run without the ball leaving the field, and it is very rare, due to the relative rarity of loading the bases along with the significant rarity (nowadays) of inside-the-park home runs.

text: On July 25, 1956, Roberto Clemente became the only MLB player to have ever scored a walk-off inside-the-park grand slam in a 9–8 Pittsburgh Pirates win over the Chicago Cubs, at Forbes Field.

text: On April 23, 1999, Fernando Tatís made history by hitting two grand slams in one inning, both against Chan Ho Park of the Los Angeles Dodgers. With this feat, Tatís also set a Major League record with 8 RBI in one inning.

text: On July 29, 2003 against the Texas Rangers, Bill Mueller of the Boston Red Sox became the only player in major league history to hit two grand slams in one game from opposite sides of the plate. In fact, he hit three home runs in that game, and his two grand slams were in consecutive at-bats.

text: On August 25, 2011 the New York Yankees became the first team to hit three grand slams in one game vs the Oakland A's. The Yankees eventually went on to win the game 22–9, after trailing 7–1.

text: Specific situation home runs[edit]

text: These types of home runs are characterized by the specific game situation in which they occur, and can theoretically occur on either an outside-the-park or inside-the-park home run.

text: Walk-off home run[edit]

text: A walk-off home run is a home run hit by the home team in the bottom of the ninth inning, any extra inning, or other scheduled final inning, which gives the home team the lead and thereby ends the game. The term is attributed to Hall of Fame relief pitcher Dennis Eckersley,[4] so named because after the run is scored, the losing team has to "walk off" the field.

text: Two World Series have ended via the "walk-off" home run. The first was the 1960 World Series when Bill Mazeroski of the Pittsburgh Pirates hit a 9th inning solo home run in the 7th game of the series off New York Yankees pitcher Ralph Terry to give the Pirates the World Championship. The second time was the 1993 World Series when Joe Carter of the Toronto Blue Jays hit a 9th inning 3-run home run off Philadelphia Phillies pitcher Mitch Williams in Game 6 of the series, to help the Toronto Blue Jays capture their second World Series Championship in a row.

text: Such a home run can also be called a "sudden death" or "sudden victory" home run. That usage has lessened as "walk-off home run" has gained favor. Along with Mazeroski's 1960 shot, the most famous walk-off or sudden-death homer would probably be the "Shot Heard 'Round the World" hit by Bobby Thomson to win the 1951 National League pennant for the New York Giants.

text: A walk-off home run over the fence is an exception to baseball's one-run rule. Normally if the home team is tied or behind in the ninth or extra innings the game ends as soon as the home team scores enough runs to achieve a lead. If the home team has two outs in the inning, and the game is tied, the game will officially end either the moment the batter successfully reaches 1st base or the moment the runner touches home plate—whichever happens last. However, this is superseded by the "ground rule", which provides automatic doubles (when a ball-in-play hits the ground first then leaves the playing field) and home runs (when a ball-in-play leaves the playing field without ever touching the ground). In the latter case, all base runners including the batter are allowed to cross the plate.

text: Lead-off home run[edit]

text: A lead-off home run is a home run hit by the first batter of a team, the leadoff hitter of the first inning of the game. In MLB, Rickey Henderson holds the record with 81 lead-off home runs.[5] Craig Biggio holds the National League record with 53, second overall to Henderson.[6]

text: In 1996, Brady Anderson set a Major League record by hitting a lead-off home run in four consecutive games.

text: Back-to-back[edit]

text:
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tag: table

text: When two consecutive batters each hit a home run, this is described as back-to-back home runs. It is still considered back-to-back even if both batters hit their home runs off different pitchers. A third batter hitting a home run is commonly referred to as back-to-back-to-back.

text: Four home runs in a row by consecutive batters has only occurred nine times in the history of Major League Baseball. Following convention, this is called back-to-back-to-back-to-back. The most recent occurrence was on July 27, 2017, when the Washington Nationals hit four in a row against the Milwaukee Brewers in Nationals Park as Brian Goodwin (baseball), Wilmer Difo, Bryce Harper and Ryan Zimmerman homered off pitcher Michael Blazek. Blazek became the fourth pitcher to surrender back-to-back-to-back-to-back home runs, following Paul Foytack on July 31, 1963, Chase Wright on April 22, 2007, and Dave Bush.

text: On August 14, 2008, the Chicago White Sox defeated the Kansas City Royals 9-2. In this game, Jim Thome, Paul Konerko, Alexei Ramírez, and Juan Uribe hit back-to-back-to-back-to-back home runs in that order. Thome, Konerko, and Ramirez blasted their homers off of Joel Peralta, while Uribe did it off of Rob Tejeda. The next batter, veteran backstop Toby Hall, tried aimlessly to hit the ball as far as possible, but his effort resulted in a strike out.

text: On April 22, 2007 the Boston Red Sox were trailing the New York Yankees 3–0 when Manny Ramirez, J. D. Drew, Mike Lowell and Jason Varitek hit back-to-back-to-back-to-back home runs to put them up 4–3. They eventually went on to win the game 7–6 after a three-run home run by Mike Lowell in the bottom of the 7th inning. On September 18, 2006 trailing 9–5 to the San Diego Padres in the 9th inning, Jeff Kent, J. D. Drew, Russell Martin, and Marlon Anderson of the Los Angeles Dodgers hit back-to-back-to-back-to-back home runs to tie the game. After giving up a run in the top of the 10th, the Dodgers won the game in the bottom of the 10th, on a walk-off two run home run by Nomar Garciaparra. J. D. Drew has been part of two different sets of back-to-back-to-back-to-back home runs. In both occurrences, his homer was the second of the four.

text: On September 30, 1997, in the sixth inning of Game One of the American League Division Series between the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians, Tim Raines, Derek Jeter and Paul O'Neill hit back-to-back-to-back home runs for the Yankees. Raines' home run tied the game. New York went on to win 8–6. This was the first occurrence of three home runs in a row ever in postseason play. The Boston Red Sox repeated the feat in Game Four of the 2007 American League Championship Series, also against the Indians.

text: Twice in MLB history have two brothers hit back-to-back home runs. On April 23, 2013, brothers Melvin Upton, Jr. (formerly B.J. Upton) and Justin Upton hit back-to-back home runs.[7] The first time was on September 15, 1938, when Lloyd Waner and Paul Waner performed the feat.[8]

text: Simple back-to-back home runs are a relatively frequent occurrence. If a pitcher gives up a homer, he might have his concentration broken and might alter his normal approach in an attempt to "make up for it" by striking out the next batter with some fastballs. Sometimes the next batter will be expecting that and will capitalize on it. A notable back-to-back home run of that type in World Series play involved "Babe Ruth's called shot" in 1932, which was accompanied by various Ruthian theatrics, yet the pitcher, Charlie Root, was allowed to stay in the game. He delivered just one more pitch, which Lou Gehrig drilled out of the park for a back-to-back shot, after which Root was removed from the game.

text: In Game 3 of the 1976 NLCS, George Foster and Johnny Bench hit back-to-back homers in the last of the ninth off Ron Reed to tie the game. The Series-winning run was scored later in the inning.

text: Another notable pair of back-to-back home runs occurred on September 14, 1990, when Ken Griffey, Sr. and Ken Griffey, Jr. hit back-to-back home runs, off Kirk McCaskill, the only father-and-son duo to do so in Major League history.

text: On May 2, 2002, Bret Boone and Mike Cameron of the Seattle Mariners hit back-to-back home runs off of starter Jon Rauch in the first inning of a game against the Chicago White Sox. The Mariners batted around in the inning, and Boone and Cameron came up to bat against reliever Jim Parque with two outs, again hitting back-to-back home runs and becoming the only pair of teammates to hit back-to-back home runs twice in the same inning.[9]

text: On June 19, 2012, José Bautista and Colby Rasmus hit back-to-back home runs and back-to-back-to-back home runs with Edwin Encarnación for a lead change in each instance.[clarification needed]

text: On July 23, 2017 Whit Merrifield, Jorge Bonifacio, and Eric Hosmer of the Kansas City Royals hit back to back to back home runs in the fourth inning against the Chicago White Sox. The Royals went on to win the game 5-4.

text: Consecutive home runs by one batter[edit]

text: The occurrence of individuals hitting home runs in consecutive at-bats is not unusual, but three or more is rare. If a player hits three home runs in a game, it is termed a hat-trick (which is also used for a player getting three strikeouts in a game). The record for consecutive home runs by a batter under any circumstances is 4. Of the sixteen players (through 2012) who have hit 4 in one game, six have hit them consecutively. Twenty-eight other batters have hit four consecutive across two games.

text: Bases on balls do not count as at-bats, and Ted Williams holds the record for consecutive home runs across the most games, 4 in four games played, during September 17–22, 1957, for the Red Sox.[10] Williams hit a pinch-hit homer on the 17th; walked as a pinch-hitter on the 18th; there was no game on the 19th; hit another pinch-homer on the 20th; homered and then was lifted for a pinch-runner after at least one walk, on the 21st; and homered after at least one walk on the 22nd. All in all, he had 4 walks interspersed among his 4 homers.

text: In World Series play, Reggie Jackson hit a record three in one Series game, the final game (Game 6) in 1977. But those three were a part of a much more impressive feat. He walked on four pitches in the second inning of game 6. Then he hit his three home runs on the first pitch of his next three at bats, off of three different pitchers (4th inning- Hooten, 5th inning- Sosa, 8th inning- Hough). He had also hit one in his last at bat of the previous game, giving him four home runs on four consecutive swings. (His home run in game 5 was also hit on the first pitch, although this did not add to any significant streak.) The four in a row set the record for consecutive homers across two Series games.

text: In Game 3 of the World Series in 2011, Albert Pujols hit three home runs to tie the record with Babe Ruth and Reggie Jackson. The St. Louis Cardinals went on to win the World Series in Game 7 at Busch Stadium. In Game 1 of the World Series in 2012, Pablo Sandoval of the San Francisco Giants hit three home runs on his first three at-bats of the Series, also tying the record with Pujols, Jackson, and Ruth.

text: Nomar Garciaparra holds the record for consecutive home runs in the shortest time in terms of innings: 3 homers in 2 innings, on July 23, 2002, for the Boston Red Sox.

text: Home run cycle[edit]

text: An offshoot of hitting for the cycle, a "home run cycle" is where a player hits a solo, 2-run, 3-run, and grand slam all in one game. This is an extremely rare feat, as it requires the batter to not only hit four home runs in a game (which itself has only occurred 18 times in the Major Leagues[11]), but also to hit those home runs with the specific number of runners already on base. Although it is a rare accomplishment, it is largely dependent on circumstances outside the player's control, such as his preceding teammates' ability to get on base, as well as the order in which he comes to bat in any particular inning.

text: Another variant of the home run cycle would be the "natural home run cycle", which would require a batter to hit a solo, 2-run, 3-run, and grand slam in that order.

text: Though multiple home run cycles have been recorded in collegiate baseball,[12][13] the only home run cycle in a professional baseball game belongs to Tyrone Horne, who stroked four long balls for the minor league, Double-A Arkansas Travelers in a game against the San Antonio Missions on July 27, 1998.[14]

text: A major league player has come close to hitting for the home run cycle several times. Recent examples include:

text:
April 2, 1997, Tino Martinez of the New York Yankees, was a grand slam away from accomplishing this feat against his former team, the Seattle Mariners. He hit a 3-run home run in the first inning, a 2-run home run in the third inning and a solo shot in the fifth inning; all off starting pitcher Scott Sanders.[15]
April 26, 2005 Alex Rodriguez of the New York Yankees hit 3 home runs off Los Angeles Angels pitcher Bartolo Colón. Rodriguez hit a 3-run home run, 2-run home run, and a grand slam in the first, third, and fourth innings, respectively.[16]
May 16, 2008 Jayson Werth of the Philadelphia Phillies hit 3 home runs off Toronto Blue Jays pitchers David Purcey and Jesse Litsch. Werth hit a 3-run home run, a grand slam, and a solo home run in the second, third, and fifth innings, respectively.[17]
June 26, 2009, Andre Ethier of Los Angeles Dodgers hit a three-run home run off Jason Vargas in the second, a two-run home run off Roy Corcoran in the sixth, and a solo home run off Miguel Batista in the eighth inning in a game against Seattle Mariners.[18]
July 7, 2009, Paul Konerko of the Chicago White Sox hit a solo home run in the second inning off Cleveland Indians pitcher Jeremy Sowers, a grand slam in the sixth inning off reliever Chris Perez, and a two-run home run in the seventh inning off reliever Winston Abreu.[19]
August 1, 2009, Andrew McCutchen of the Pittsburgh Pirates hit a solo home run in the first inning, a two run home run in the fourth inning, and a three run home run in the sixth inning of a game against the Washington Nationals.[20]
September 17, 2010, Shin-Soo Choo of the Cleveland Indians, hit three home runs against the Kansas City Royals. Choo hit a 2-run homer in the fourth inning, a Grand Slam in the sixth inning and a solo home run in the eighth inning.[21]
June 21, 2015, J.D. Martinez of the Detroit Tigers, hit three home runs against the New York Yankees. Martinez hit a 2-run homer in the first inning, a solo home run in the fifth inning and a 3-run homer in the sixth inning[22]
August 21, 2015, Yoenis Céspedes of the New York Mets, hit three home runs against the Colorado Rockies: a grand slam in the second inning, a solo home run in the fourth inning, and a two-run home run in the sixth inning.[23]
August 29, 2015, Edwin Encarnación of the Toronto Blue Jays hit three home runs against the Detroit Tigers: a 3-run home run in the first inning, a 2-run home run in the sixth inning, and a grand slam in the seventh inning.[24]
September 26, 2015, Jarrett Parker of the San Francisco Giants hit three home runs against the Oakland Athletics: a solo home run in the second inning, a 2-run home run in the seventh inning, and a grand slam in the eighth inning.[25]
June 6, 2017, Scooter Gennett of the Cincinnati Reds hit four home runs against the St. Louis Cardinals: a grand slam in the third inning, a 2-run home run in the fourth inning, a solo home run in the sixth inning, and a 2-run home run in the eighth inning. He had an opportunity for a 3-run home run in the 1st inning, which resulted in a RBI single.[26]

tag: ul

text: History[edit]

text: In the early days of the game, when the ball was less lively and the ballparks generally had very large outfields, most home runs were of the inside-the-park variety. The first home run ever hit in the National League was by Ross Barnes of the Chicago White Stockings (now known as the Chicago Cubs), in 1876. The home "run" was literally descriptive. Home runs over the fence were rare, and only in ballparks where a fence was fairly close. Hitters were discouraged from trying to hit home runs, with the conventional wisdom being that if they tried to do so they would simply fly out. This was a serious concern in the 19th century, because in baseball's early days a ball caught after one bounce was still an out. The emphasis was on place-hitting and what is now called "manufacturing runs" or "small ball".

text: The home run's place in baseball changed dramatically when the live-ball era began after World War I. First, the materials and manufacturing processes improved significantly, making the now-mass-produced, cork-centered ball somewhat more lively. Batters such as Babe Ruth and Rogers Hornsby took full advantage of rules changes that were instituted during the 1920s, particularly prohibition of the spitball, and the requirement that balls be replaced when worn or dirty. These changes resulted in the baseball being easier to see and hit, and easier to hit out of the park. Meanwhile, as the game's popularity boomed, more outfield seating was built, shrinking the size of the outfield and increasing the chances of a long fly ball resulting in a home run. The teams with the sluggers, typified by the New York Yankees, became the championship teams, and other teams had to change their focus from the "inside game" to the "power game" in order to keep up.

text: Before 1931, a ball that bounced over an outfield fence during a major league game was considered a home run. The rule was changed to require the ball to clear the fence on the fly, and balls that reached the seats on a bounce became ground rule doubles in most parks. A carryover of the old rule is that if a player deflects a ball over the outfield fence without it touching the ground, it is a home run.

text: Also, until approximately that time, the ball had to not only go over the fence in fair territory, but to land in the bleachers in fair territory or to still be visibly fair when disappearing behind a wall. The rule stipulated "fair when last seen" by the umpires. Photos from that era in ballparks, such as the Polo Grounds and Yankee Stadium, show ropes strung from the foul poles to the back of the bleachers, or a second "foul pole" at the back of the bleachers, in a straight line with the foul line, as a visual aid for the umpire. Ballparks still use a visual aid much like the ropes; a net or screen attached to the foul poles on the fair side has replaced ropes. As with American football, where a touchdown once required a literal "touch down" of the ball in the end zone but now only requires the "breaking of the [vertical] plane" of the goal line, in baseball the ball need only "break the plane" of the fence in fair territory (unless the ball is caught by a player who is in play, in which case the batter is called out).

text: Babe Ruth's 60th home run in 1927 was somewhat controversial, because it landed barely in fair territory in the stands down the right field line. Ruth lost a number of home runs in his career due to the when-last-seen rule. Bill Jenkinson, in The Year Babe Ruth Hit 104 Home Runs, estimates that Ruth lost at least 50 and as many as 78 in his career due to this rule.

text: Further, the rules once stipulated that an over-the-fence home run in a sudden-victory situation would only count for as many bases as was necessary to "force" the winning run home. For example, if a team trailed by two runs with the bases loaded, and the batter hit a fair ball over the fence, it only counted as a triple, because the runner immediately ahead of him had technically already scored the game-winning run. That rule was changed in the 1920s as home runs became increasingly frequent and popular. Babe Ruth's career total of 714 would have been one higher had that rule not been in effect in the early part of his career.

text: Records[edit]

text: Major League Baseball keeps running totals of all-time home runs by team, including teams no longer active (prior to 1900) as well as by individual players. Gary Sheffield hit the 250,000th home run in MLB history with a grand slam on September 8, 2008.[27] Sheffield had hit MLB's 249,999th home run against Gio González in his previous at-bat.

text: The all-time, verified professional baseball record for career home runs for one player, excluding the U. S. Negro Leagues during the era of segregation, is held by Sadaharu Oh. Oh spent his entire career playing for the Yomiuri Giants in Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball, later managing the Giants, the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks and the 2006 World Baseball Classic Japanese team. Oh holds the all-time home run world record, having hit 868 home runs in his career.

text: In Major League Baseball, the career record is 762, held by Barry Bonds, who broke Hank Aaron's record on August 7, 2007, when he hit his 756th home run at AT&T Park off pitcher Mike Bacsik.[28] Only eight other major league players have hit as many as 600: Hank Aaron (755), Babe Ruth (714),[28] Alex Rodriguez (696), Willie Mays (660), Ken Griffey, Jr. (630),[28] Jim Thome (612), Sammy Sosa (609).[28] and Albert Pujols (600).

text: The single season record is 73, set by Barry Bonds in 2001.[28] Other notable single season records were achieved by Babe Ruth who hit 60 in 1927, Roger Maris, with 61 home runs in 1961, and Mark McGwire, who hit 70 in 1998.[28]

text: Negro League slugger Josh Gibson's Baseball Hall of Fame plaque says he hit "almost 800" home runs in his career. The Guinness Book of World Records lists Gibson's lifetime home run total at 800. Ken Burns' award-winning series, Baseball, states that his actual total may have been as high as 950. Gibson's true total is not known, in part due to inconsistent record keeping in the Negro Leagues. The 1993 edition of the MacMillan Baseball Encyclopedia attempted to compile a set of Negro League records, and subsequent work has expanded on that effort. Those records demonstrate that Gibson and Ruth were of comparable power. The 1993 book had Gibson hitting 146 home runs in the 501 "official" Negro League games they were able to account for in his 17-year career, about 1 homer every 3.4 games. Babe Ruth, in 22 seasons (several of them in the dead-ball era), hit 714 in 2503 games, or 1 homer every 3.5 games. The large gap in the numbers for Gibson reflect the fact that Negro League clubs played relatively far fewer league games and many more "barnstorming" or exhibition games during the course of a season, than did the major league clubs of that era.

text: Other legendary home run hitters include Jimmie Foxx, Mel Ott, Ted Williams, Mickey Mantle (who on September 10, 1960, mythically hit "the longest home run ever" at an estimated distance of 643 feet (196 m), although this was measured after the ball stopped rolling[29]), Reggie Jackson, Harmon Killebrew, Ernie Banks, Mike Schmidt, Dave Kingman, Sammy Sosa[28] (who hit 60 or more home runs in a season 3 times), Ken Griffey, Jr. and Eddie Mathews. In 1987, Joey Meyer of the Denver Zephyrs hit the longest verifiable home run in professional baseball history.[30][31] The home run was measured at a distance of 582 feet (177 m) and was hit inside Denver's Mile High Stadium.[30][31] Major League Baseball's longest verifiable home run distance is about 575 feet (175 m), by Babe Ruth, to straightaway center field at Tiger Stadium (then called Navin Field and before the double-deck), which landed nearly across the intersection of Trumbull and Cherry.[citation needed]

text: The location of where Hank Aaron's record 755th home run landed has been monumented in Milwaukee.[32] The hallowed spot sits outside Miller Park, where the Milwaukee Brewers currently play. Similarly, the point where Aaron's 715th homer landed, upon breaking Ruth's career record in 1974, is marked in the Turner Field parking lot. A red-painted seat in Fenway Park marks the landing place of the 502-ft home run Ted Williams hit in 1946, the longest measured homer in Fenway's history; a red stadium seat mounted on the wall of the Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota, marks the landing spot of Harmon Killebrew's record 520-foot shot in old Metropolitan Stadium.

text: Instant replay[edit]

text: Replays "to get the call right" have been used extremely sporadically in the past, but the use of instant replay to determine "boundary calls"—home runs and foul balls—was not officially allowed until 2008.

text: In a game on May 31, 1999, involving the St. Louis Cardinals and Florida Marlins, a hit by Cliff Floyd of the Marlins was initially ruled a double, then a home run, then was changed back to a double when umpire Frank Pulli decided to review video of the play. The Marlins protested that video replay was not allowed, but while the National League office agreed that replay was not to be used in future games, it declined the protest on the grounds it was a judgment call, and the play stood.[33][34]

text: In November 2007, the general managers of Major League Baseball voted in favor of implementing instant replay reviews on boundary home run calls.[35] The proposal limited the use of instant replay to determining whether a boundary/home run call is:

text:
A fair (home run) or foul ball
A live ball (ball hit fence and rebounded onto the field), ground rule double (ball hit fence before leaving the field), or home run (ball hit some object beyond the fence while in flight)
Spectator interference or home run (spectator touched ball after it broke the plane of the fence).

text: On August 28, 2008, instant replay review became available in MLB for reviewing calls in accordance with the above proposal. It was first utilized on September 3, 2008 in a game between the New York Yankees and the Tampa Bay Rays at Tropicana Field.[36] Alex Rodriguez of the Yankees hit what appeared to be a home run, but the ball hit a catwalk behind the foul pole. It was at first called a home run, until Tampa Bay manager Joe Maddon argued the call, and the umpires decided to review the play. After 2 minutes and 15 seconds, the umpires came back and ruled it a home run.

text: About two weeks later, on September 19, also at Tropicana Field, a boundary call was overturned for the first time. In this case, Carlos Peña of the Rays was given a ground rule double in a game against the Minnesota Twins after an umpire believed a fan reached into the field of play to catch a fly ball in right field. The umpires reviewed the play, determined the fan did not reach over the fence, and reversed the call, awarding Peña a home run.

text: Aside from the two aforementioned reviews at Tampa Bay, replay was used four more times in the 2008 MLB regular season: twice at Houston, once at Seattle, and once at San Francisco. The San Francisco incident is perhaps the most unusual. Bengie Molina, the Giants' catcher, hit what was first called a single. Molina then was replaced in the game by Emmanuel Burriss, a pinch-runner, before the umpires re-evaluated the call and ruled it a home run. In this instance though, Molina was not allowed to return to the game to complete the run, as he had already been replaced. Molina was credited with the home run, and two RBIs, but not for the run scored which went to Burriss instead.

text: On October 31, 2009, in the fourth inning of Game 3 of the World Series, Alex Rodriguez hit a long fly ball that appeared to hit a camera protruding over the wall and into the field of play in deep left field. The ball ricocheted off the camera and re-entered the field, initially ruled a double. However, after the umpires consulted with each other after watching the instant replay, the hit was ruled a home run, marking the first time an instant replay home run was hit in a playoff game.[37]


document_title: Rhinorrhea

question_text: where does the water come from in a runny nose

text: Rhinorrhea

text: Signs and symptoms[edit]

text: Rhinorrhea is characterized by an excess amount of mucus produced by the mucous membranes that line the nasal cavities. The membranes create mucus faster than it can be processed, causing a backup of mucus in the nasal cavities. As the cavity fills up, it blocks off the air passageway, causing difficulty breathing through the nose. Air caught in nasal cavities, namely the sinus cavities, cannot be released and the resulting pressure may cause a headache or facial pain. If the sinus passage remains blocked, there is a chance that sinusitis may result.[4] If the mucus backs up through the Eustachian tube, it may result in ear pain or an ear infection. Excess mucus accumulating in the throat or back of the nose may cause a post-nasal drip, resulting in a sore throat or coughing.[4] Additional symptoms include sneezing, nosebleeds, and nasal discharge.[5]

text: Causes[edit]

text: Cold temperature[edit]

text: Rhinorrhea is especially common during winter months and certain low temperature seasons. Cold-induced rhinorrhea occurs due to a combination of thermodynamics and the body's natural reactions to cold weather stimuli. One of the purposes of nasal mucus is to warm inhaled air to body temperature as it enters the body. In order for this to happen, the nasal cavities must be constantly coated with liquid mucus. During cold, dry seasons, the mucus lining nasal passages tends to dry out, meaning that mucous membranes must work harder, producing more mucus to keep the cavity lined. As a result, the nasal cavity can fill up with mucus. At the same time, when air is exhaled, water vapor in breath condenses as the warm air meets the colder outside temperature near the nostrils. This causes an excess amount of water to build up inside nasal cavities. In these cases, the excess fluid usually spills out externally through the nostrils.[6]

text: Infection[edit]

text: Rhinorrhea can be a symptom of other diseases, such as the common cold or influenza. During these infections, the nasal mucous membranes produce excess mucus, filling the nasal cavities. This is to prevent infection from spreading to the lungs and respiratory tract, where it could cause far worse damage.[7] It has also been suggested that rhinorrhea is a result of viral evolution, and may be a response that is not useful to the host, but which has evolved by the virus to maximise its own infectivity.[8] Rhinorrhea caused by these infections usually occur on circadian rhythms.[9] Over the course of a viral infection, sinusitis (the inflammation of the nasal tissue) may occur, causing the mucous membranes to release more mucus. Acute sinusitis consists of the nasal passages swelling during a viral infection. Chronic sinusitis occurs when one or more nasal polyps appear.[citation needed] This can be caused by a deviated septum as well as a viral infection.[10]

text: Allergies[edit]

text: Rhinorrhea can also occur when individuals with allergies to certain substances, such as pollen, dust, latex, soy, shellfish, or animal dander, are exposed to these allergens. In people with sensitized immune systems, the inhalation of one of these substances triggers the production of the antibody immunoglobulin E (IgE), which binds to mast cells and basophils. IgE bound to mast cells are stimulated by pollen and dust, causing the release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine.[11] In turn, this causes, among other things, inflammation and swelling of the tissue of the nasal cavities as well as increased mucus production. Particulate matter in polluted air and chemicals such as chlorine and detergents, which can normally be tolerated, can make the condition considerably worse.

text: Lacrimation[edit]

text: Rhinorrhea is also associated with shedding tears, whether from emotional events or from eye irritation. When excess tears are produced, the liquid drains through the inner corner of the eyelids, through the nasolacrimal duct, and into the nasal cavities. As more tears are shed, more liquid flows into the nasal cavities. The buildup of fluid is usually resolved via mucus expulsion through the nostrils.[7]

text: Head trauma[edit]

text: If caused by a head injury, rhinorrhea can be a much more serious condition. A basilar skull fracture can result in a rupture of the barrier between the sinonasal cavity and the anterior cranial fossae or the middle cranial fossae. This rupture can cause the nasal cavity to fill with cerebrospinal fluid. This condition, known as cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea or CSF rhinorrhea, can lead to a number of serious complications and possibly death if not addressed properly.[12]

text: Other causes[edit]

text: Rhinorrhea can occur as a symptom of opioid withdrawal accompanied by lacrimation.[13] Other causes include cystic fibrosis, whooping cough, nasal tumors, hormonal changes, and cluster headaches. Due to changes in clinical practice, Rhinorrhea is now reported as a frequent side effect of oxygen-intubation during colonoscopy procedures [A simple, innovative way to reduce rhinitis symptoms after sedation during endoscopy" by Nai-Liang Li, et al, Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2011, Feb; volume 25(2): pages 68–72.]. Rhinorrhea can also be the side effect of several genetic disorders, such as primary ciliary dyskinesia.[10]

text: Treatment[edit]

text: In most cases treatment for rhinorrhea is not necessary since it will clear up on its own—especially if it is the symptom of an infection. For general cases blowing your nose can get rid of the mucus buildup. Though blowing may be a quick-fix solution, it would likely proliferate mucosal production in the sinuses, leading to frequent and higher mucus buildups in the nose. Alternatively, saline nasal sprays and vasoconstrictor nasal sprays may also be used, but may become counterproductive after several days of use, causing rhinitis medicamentosa.

text: In recurring cases, such as those due to allergies, there are medicinal treatments available. For cases caused by histamine buildup, several types of antihistamines can be obtained relatively cheaply from drugstores.

text: People who prefer to keep clear nasal passages, such as singers, who need a clear nasal passage to perform, may use a technique called "nasal irrigation" to prevent rhinorrhea. Nasal irrigation involves rinsing the nasal cavity regularly with salty water or store bought saline solutions.[14]


document_title: The Punisher (TV series)

question_text: when does the punisher on netflix come out

text: The Punisher (TV series)

text: Premise

text: Frank Castle, known throughout New York City as "the Punisher" after exacting revenge on those responsible for the death of his family, uncovers a larger conspiracy beyond what was done to him and his family.[1]

text: Cast and characters

text: Main

text:
Jon Bernthal as Frank Castle / Punisher:
A vigilante who aims to fight the criminal underworld by any means necessary, no matter how lethal the results.[2][3] Daredevil season one showrunner Steven S. DeKnight said this version of Punisher would be "completely the Marvel version," as previous portrayals did not appear under the Marvel Studios / Marvel Television banner.[4] However, Bernthal did study all the previous portrayals, saying, "once you devour and eat up as much as you can, my way is to make it as personal as possible". Bernthal was particularly inspired by the 2012 short film Dirty Laundry starring Thomas Jane.[5] On how Castle resonates with him, Bernthal said, "He ain’t got a fucking cape. He ain’t got any superpowers. He’s a fucking tortured, angry father and husband who’s living in this unbelievable world of darkness and loss and torment."[6] Bernthal added that there would be "a military component" in the series since Castle is "a soldier... [The series] will be somewhat centered on that".[7] He also stated that "the character that was portrayed on Daredevil season two was sort of the origin tale of how this guy became the Punisher, why he put on the vest."[8] Bernthal noted he "always want[ed] to preserve the essence of" Castle, who Bernthal described as "brutal", "damaged" and "tortured", by exploring "the pain and what's behind the violence and the reason why he's committing the violence" that is "utterly satisfying and addictive for him".[9]

Ben Barnes as Billy Russo: Castle’s best friend from when he served in the United States Special Forces. Russo runs Anvil, a private military corporation.[10][11]
Ebon Moss-Bachrach as David Lieberman / Micro:
A former NSA analyst who assists Castle.[11][12] Regarding Micro's relationship with Castle, Moss-Bachrach said, "We have found ourselves with common enemies and it's a marriage of convenience." Moss-Bachrach also felt the comics version of the character was "a one-trick pony", supplying equipment to Castle, but that the character gets "interesting when their relationship gets bad" and hoped to explore that in the series.[8]

Amber Rose Revah as Dinah Madani:
An Iranian-American Department of Homeland Security agent stationed in Afghanistan, who returns to New York City for an investigation that leads her to cross paths with Castle.[11][13] Revah noted that Madani "sees herself as American – that’s what her being is, that’s what she wants to protect, that’s why she does what she does." As Madani is not based on a character from the comics, Revah's "research was based more on Homeland and what it’s like for those people, and the logical processes the character would be going through. I think, for a lot of actors, if you’re playing someone from comics, you probably feel you have some sort of responsibility to represent this character in a light that reflects how they were represented in the comic books. Because I didn’t have that, it probably let me be more open in my representation." Revah spoke with actual Homeland officers as well as Iranian people "to make that [part of the character] authentic." A special shotgun was made for Revah to use, designed for her height and stature.[13]

Deborah Ann Woll as Karen Page:
A reporter at the New York Bulletin and Matt Murdock's former assistant, who befriended Castle after working on his case. Woll reprises her role from previous Marvel Netflix series.[14][15] Regarding Page's continuing relationship with Castle, Woll said, "Frank has a soft spot in Karen’s heart, and certainly with the dark history that Karen has, there are very few people she can share her authentic self with. Frank is someone who she could potentially fully open up to."[7] She added, "there's something about Frank where [Karen] doesn't have to be ashamed of her darkest, deepest side of herself. She gets to be more honest with him".[8]

Daniel Webber as Lewis Walcott: A young veteran struggling with his new life as a civilian.[16]
Jason R. Moore as Curtis Hoyle: A friend of Castle, one of the few people who knows he is alive.[16]
Paul Schulze as Rawlins: A high-ranking member of the CIA who crosses paths with Castle due to their time in Afghanistan.[16]
Jaime Ray Newman as Sarah Lieberman: Micro's wife.[16]
Michael Nathanson as Sam Stein: A Department of Homeland Security agent, Madani's partner.[16]

text: Recurring

text: Shohreh Aghdashloo as Farah Madani: Dinah's mother, who runs a successful psychiatric practice.[17][18]

text: Guest

text:
Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio[19]
Rob Morgan as Turk Barrett: A low-level criminal who operates in Hell's Kitchen and Harlem. Morgan reprises his role from previous Marvel Netflix shows.[20]

text: Episodes

text:
No.
Title [21]
Directed by
Written by
Original release date [11]

1
"3 AM"
TBA
Steve Lightfoot[22]
2017 (2017)

2
"Two Dead Men"
TBA
Steve Lightfoot[22]
2017 (2017)

3
"Kandahar"
Andy Goddard[23]
Steve Lightfoot[23]
2017 (2017)

4
"Resupply"
TBA
TBA
2017 (2017)

5
"Gunner"
Dearbhla Walsh[24][25]
TBA
2017 (2017)

6
"The Judas Goat"
Andy Goddard[23]
TBA
2017 (2017)

7
"Crosshairs"
TBA
TBA
2017 (2017)

8
"Cold Steel"
TBA
TBA
2017 (2017)

9
"Front Toward Enemy"
TBA
TBA
2017 (2017)

10
"Virtue of the Vicious"
Kevin Hooks[19]
TBA
2017 (2017)

11
"Danger Close"
TBA
TBA
2017 (2017)

12
"Home"
TBA
TBA
2017 (2017)

13
"Memento Mori"
Stephen Surjik[26]
TBA
2017 (2017)

text: Production

text: Development

text: In October 2011, ABC Studios sold a script based on the Punisher to Fox, who gave the project a put-pilot commitment. The series would be an hour-long procedural following NYPD detective Frank Castle, "whose alter ego is that of a vigilante seeking justice for those failed by the court system." Ed Bernero was attached as executive producer,[27] but by May 2012, the project had not moved forward.[28] A year later, the character's film rights reverted to Marvel from Lionsgate.[29] In June 2015, Jon Bernthal was announced as cast as Frank Castle in the second season of Marvel's Daredevil on Netflix.[2] The series was the first of several live action series provided to Netflix by Marvel Television and ABC Studios, with subsequent series featuring Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, and Iron Fist all leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders.[30]

text: By January 2016, ahead of the Daredevil season two release, Netflix was in "very early development" on a spin-off series titled The Punisher, and was looking for a showrunner. The series would be centered on Bernthal as Castle, and was described as a stand-alone series, outside of the series leading up to Marvel's The Defenders.[31][32][33] Head of Marvel Television and executive producer Jeph Loeb implied that Marvel Television had not instigated the development of the spin-off and were focusing on making "the best 13 episodes of Daredevil season two" at the time, but did say, "I’m never going to discourage a network from looking at one of our characters and encouraging us to do more ... If we are lucky enough that through the writing, through the direction, through the actor that people want to see more of that person, terrific."[34] Loeb stated a month later that the reports about the potential spin-off were "something that people are speculating on, as opposed to something that's actually happening."[35]

text: In April 2016, Netflix officially ordered a full 13 episode season of The Punisher, confirmed Bernthal's involvement, and named Steve Lightfoot as executive producer and showrunner.[3][22] Loeb, Cindy Holland, and Jim Chory also serve as executive producers.[22][11]

text: Writing

text: Lightfoot noted that "anti-heroes with dark pasts, that are morally grey, are always interesting to write." On deciding to work on The Punisher, Lightfoot stated, "I was drawn to a guy who is dealing with grief - how does he do that?... We talked a lot as we developed the show that once you take hold of the hand of violence it's impossible to let it go. That relationship to violence really interested me, not just the fact he has the ability to use it but also the cost of it." Bernthal stated the series would be "loose with chronology" for the character, depicting events before and after the events of Daredevil season two.[8]

text: Casting

text: Bernthal had been cast as Castle in June 2015 to appear in the second season of Daredevil,[2] and was confirmed to be reprising the role for the spin-off in April 2016.[3] That September, Ben Barnes was cast in the series in an unspecified series regular role.[10] The next month, set photos revealed that Deborah Ann Woll would reprise her Daredevil role as Karen Page,[14] Barnes was announced as playing Billy Russo, while Ebon Moss-Bachrach and Amber Rose Revah also joined the series, as David Lieberman / Micro and Dinah Madani, respectively.[11][12] At New York Comic Con, Bernthal confirmed Woll as a co-star.[15] At the end of October, Marvel announced the additional casting of Daniel Webber as Lewis Walcott, Jason R. Moore as Curtis Hoyle, Paul Schulze as Rawlins, Jaime Ray Newman as Sarah Lieberman, and Michael Nathanson as Sam Stein.[16]

text: In August 2017, Shohreh Aghdashloo was revealed to be portraying Farah Madani, Dinah's mother, in a recurring role for the series.[17] Rob Morgan reprises his role from previous Marvel Netflix series as Turk Barrett.[20]

text: Filming

text: Filming began on October 3, 2016 in Brooklyn, New York,[36][15] under the working title Crime.[37] Additional filming took place in Astoria, Queens in December 2016.[38] Filming wrapped on April 9, 2017.[39]

text: Music

text: In April 2017, Tyler Bates was announced as the composer for The Punisher, after previously composing for Marvel's Guardians of the Galaxy and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2.[40] In order to "get into the dark corners of the Punisher’s mind," Bates played "more of a broken blues" guitar, which was augmented with talkbox effects and other "guitar noises", along with guitar-vol and melodica. On this style, Bates said, "The rough edges and broken nature of [music like this] leaves a great deal of space for emotion and interesting color – and a bit of an attitude. Otherwise it’s not going to be an authentic expression of the idea. There’s a darkness in there that I’m happy to tap into."[41]

text: Release

text: The Punisher is scheduled to be released in 2017 on the streaming service Netflix, worldwide.[11] The 13 hour-long episodes will be released simultaneously, as opposed to a serialized format, to encourage binge-watching, a format which has been successful for other Netflix series.[42][22] In July 2016, Netflix COO Ted Sarandos stated that The Punisher would not debut until 2018 at the earliest, after The Defenders released on August 18, 2017,[43][44] but that October, Marvel confirmed a 2017 release instead.[11]

text: In early September 2017, Dominic Patten and Denise Petski of Deadline.com commented on the lack of specific release date for the series at the time, calling it "an unusual", "rare move for Marvel and Netflix, who usually give a lot of lead-up to the launch of the high profile and much anticipated series." The pair felt with the increased marketing of the series, it would release "sooner rather than later".[1] Allison Keene of Collider felt Marvel and Netflix holding back the release date was "really weird and unnecessary... If you're excited for this show, you'll watch it whenever it appears. For TV editors who have to plan reviews and other content, it's just irritating."[45] Polygon's Susana Polo felt Marvel and Netflix were waiting for their panel at New York Comic Con 2017 during the first weekend of October to reveal the series' release date, as the convention had been used in previous years to reveal "breaking fall Marvel/Netflix news".[46]

text: Marketing

text: Bernthal and Woll appeared at New York Comic Con in October 2016 to officially announce the start of production on the series and the latter's involvement.[15] At San Diego Comic-Con International 2017, Bernthal presented exclusive footage.[47] A teaser was revealed on Netflix in August 2017, appearing after the credits of the final episode of The Defenders.[48] Also in the month, the series' Twitter account revealed the episode titles as Morse code messages.[21] In September 2017, the series' Instagram account released viral videos made to look like security footage,[49] while episodic photos and a poster for the series with a redacted release date were also released.[1] On September 20, the official trailer for the series was released. Andrew Liptak of The Verge noted the trailer "sets up The Punisher with its own distinct tone that’s different from the other Marvel Netflix shows. It wades into government conspiracies and hacking, which is reminiscent of shows like CBS's Person of Interest or USA's Mr. Robot, but with more gunfire."[50] Nerdist's Kendall Ashley called the trailer "intense, super bloody, and has [me] INCREDIBLY pumped for the show’s premiere." She added, "The hype is huge for this show. If this trailer is any indication, The Punisher is definitely going to live up to fan expectations, and is going to be an intense and awesome addition to the Marvel Netflix universe." Ashley felt the inclusion of "One" by Metallica in the trailer "helps paint Frank as a badass unlike any we’ve seen on the Marvel Netflix shows so far."[51] Cooper Hood, writing for Screen Rant felt that, even though the series was still without a release date, the trailer would "undoubtedly only increase the fever for The Punisher." He continued that "unlike some of the more cryptic and quiet [marketing] videos that have come before," the trailer "especially fits the mold of Punisher. While it looked like at the beginning of the trailer that this one would again be a quieter piece of marketing, it turned out to be anything but. The trailer is stylish and well-cut to the beat of the song, with the choice of "One" only further amplifying the intensity."[52] Bernthal and other members of the cast will appear at New York Comic Con 2017 to promote the series.[53]


document_title: History of São Tomé and Príncipe

question_text: when did sao tome and principe gain independence

text: History of São Tomé and Príncipe

text: History of Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe[edit]

text: The first successful settlement of São Tomé was established in 1493 by Álvaro Caminha, who received the land as a grant from the crown. Príncipe was settled in 1500 under a similar arrangement. Attracting settlers proved difficult, however, and most of the earliest inhabitants were "undesirables" sent from Portugal, mostly Jews. In time, these settlers found the excellent volcanic soil of the region suitable for agriculture, especially the growing of sugar.

text: The cultivation of sugar was a labor-intensive process, and the Portuguese began to import large numbers of slaves from the African mainland. By the mid-16th century, the Portuguese settlers had turned the islands into Africa's foremost exporter of sugar. São Tomé and Príncipe were taken over and administered by the Portuguese crown in 1522 and 1573, respectively.

text: However, superior sugar colonies in the western hemisphere began to hurt the islands. The large slave population also proved difficult to control with Portugal unable to invest many resources in the effort. As well, the Dutch captured and occupied São Tomé for seven years in 1641, razing over 70 sugar mills.[2] Sugar cultivation thus declined over the next 100 years, and by the mid-17th century, the economy of São Tomé had changed. It was now primarily a transit point for ships engaged in the slave trade between the West and continental Africa.

text: In the early 19th century, two new cash crops, coffee and cocoa, were introduced. The rich volcanic soils proved well suited to the new cash crop industry, and soon extensive plantations (roças), owned by Portuguese companies or absentee landlords, occupied almost all of the good farmland. By 1908, São Tomé had become the world's largest producer of cocoa, which still is the country's most important crop.

text: The roças system, which gave the plantation managers a high degree of authority, led to abuses against the African farm workers. Although Portugal officially abolished slavery in 1876, the practice of forced paid labor continued. In the early 20th century, an internationally publicized controversy arose over charges that Angolan contract workers were being subjected to forced labor and unsatisfactory working conditions. Sporadic labor unrest and dissatisfaction continued well into the 20th century, culminating in an outbreak of riots in 1953 in which several hundred African laborers were killed in a clash with their Portuguese rulers. This "Batepá Massacre" remains a major event in the colonial history of the islands, and its anniversary is officially observed by the government.

text: During the 1967–70 secession war from Nigeria (Nigerian Civil War), São Tomé served as the major base of operations for the Biafran airlift. The airlift was an international humanitarian relief effort (the largest civilian airlift to date) that transported food and medicine to eastern Nigeria. It is estimated to have saved more than a million lives.[3]

text: Movement towards independence[edit]

text: By the late 1950s, when other emerging nations across the African Continent were demanding independence, a small group of São Toméans had formed the Movement for the Liberation of São Tomé and Príncipe (MLSTP), which eventually established its base in nearby Gabon. Picking up momentum in the 1960s, events moved quickly after the overthrow of the Caetano dictatorship in Portugal in April 1974. The new Portuguese regime was committed to the dissolution of its overseas colonies; in November 1974, their representatives met with the MLSTP in Algiers and worked out an agreement for the transfer of sovereignty. After a period of transitional government, São Tomé and Príncipe achieved independence on July 12, 1975, choosing as its first president the MLSTP Secretary General Manuel Pinto da Costa.

text: Modern São Tomé and Príncipe[edit]

text: In 1990, São Tomé became one of the first African countries to embrace democratic reform and changes to the constitution—the legalization of opposition political parties—led to elections in 1991 that were nonviolent, free, and transparent. Miguel Trovoada, a former prime minister who had been in exile since 1986, returned as an independent candidate and was elected president. Trovoada was re-elected in São Tomé's second multiparty presidential election in 1996. The Party of Democratic Convergence (PCD) toppled the MLSTP to take a majority of seats in the National Assembly, with the MLSTP becoming an important and vocal minority party. Municipal elections followed in late 1992, in which the MLSTP came back to win a majority of seats on five of seven regional councils. In early legislative elections in October 1994, the MLSTP won a plurality of seats in the Assembly. It regained an outright majority of seats in the November 1998 elections. The Government of São Tomé fully functions under a multiparty system. Presidential elections were held in July 2001. The candidate backed by the Independent Democratic Action party, Fradique de Menezes, was elected in the first round and inaugurated on September 3. Parliamentary elections were held in March 2002. For the next four years, a series of short-lived, opposition-led governments were formed.

text: The army seized power for one week in July 2003, complaining of corruption and that forthcoming oil revenues would not be divided fairly. An accord was negotiated under which President de Menezes was returned to office.

text: The cohabitation period ended in March 2006, when a pro-presidential coalition won enough seats in National Assembly elections to form and head a new government.

text: In the 30 July 2006 presidential election, Fradique de Menezes easily won a second five-year term in office, defeating two other candidates Patrice Trovoada (son of former President Miguel Trovoada) and independent Nilo Guimarães. Local elections, the first since 1992, took place on 27 August 2006 and were dominated by members of the ruling coalition.


document_title: Grown-ish

question_text: grown ish how many episodes in season 1

question_tokens: grown ish how many episodes in season 1

text: Grown-ish

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Yara Shahidi as Zoey Johnson - The protagonist of the series. Cal U is her safety school. She abandons her first college friend, Ana, at a party after Ana threw up from drinking too much alcohol, but later makes up with her. She meets her core six friends in Professor Telphy's class.
Deon Cole as Professor Charlie Telphy - A night time adjunct professor at Cal U teaching a class called "Digital Marketing Strategies", which is all about drones. He also appears as a regular character on the parent show Black-ish.
Trevor Jackson as Aaron Jackson - Aaron is a sophomore at Cal U. He has a peanut allergy and forearm tattoos. He is "woke" as evident by his many buttons to various causes.
Francia Raisa as Analisa "Ana" Patricia Torres - Ana is a freshman at Cal U. She was born to Cuban immigrants, is a devout Catholic, and a Republican, with a secret crush on Barack Obama. She is Zoey's roommate.
Emily Arlook as Nomi Segal[1] - Nomi is Jewish American. She is bisexual, but not out to her family.
Jordan Buhat as Vivek Shah - Vivek is a first generation Gujarati Indian. His parents are devout Hindus. He is a drug dealer to support his fashion choices.
Chloe Bailey as Jazlyn Forster - Jazlyn (twin of Skylar) is a track athlete at Cal U. She is from south los angeles.
Halle Bailey as Skylar Forster - Skylar (twin of Jazlyn) is a track athlete at Cal U. She is from south los angeles. Both girls are intensely smart, sassy, but focused on the bigger picture.
Luka Sabbat as Luca Hall - Luca is a freshman at Cal U and is a stoner. He once wore the same skirt as Zoey, but wore it better. He is very independent and a trend setter, as seen in his outlandish fashion choices and his relaxed attitude toward life. He also works alongside Zoey at Teen Vogue, an internship he got by chance.[2]
Chris Parnell as Dean Burt Parker - Burt is the dean of students. He is also Nomi's Uncle.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Da'Vinchi as Cash Mooney - Cash is Zoey's ex-boyfriend. He broke up with her to play in the NBA
Diggy Simmons as Doug - Doug is Jazlyn's boyfriend

text: Notable guests[edit]

text:
Anthony Anderson as Andre "Dre" Johnson Sr. - Zoey's father.
Tracee Ellis Ross as Dr. Rainbow "Bow" Johnson - Zoey's mother.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and casting[edit]

text: "Liberal Arts", the 23rd episode of season 3 of Black-ish, functioned as a backdoor pilot for this spin-off, featuring Yara Shahidi's character, Zoey Johnson, as she goes to college. Shahidi stars in the series, with Chris Parnell, Mallory Sparks, Matt Walsh, and Trevor Jackson guest starring in the backdoor pilot.[3][4][5] The series was later titled College-ish, with Parnell and Jackson reprising their roles from the backdoor pilot, and Emily Arlook replacing Mallory Sparks in the role of Miriam.[6] In August 2017, Francia Raisa joined the cast as Ana along with Jordan Buhat as Vivek. Music duo Chloe and Halle would also star as twin sisters Sky and Jazz.[7]

text: On May 19, 2017, Freeform (ABC's sister network) officially ordered 13 episodes of the spinoff under the final title, Grown-ish.[8][9] On January 18, 2018, Freeform renewed the series for a second season.[10]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.
Title [11]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"Late Registration"
Kevin Bray
Story by: Kenya Barris & Jenifer Rice-Genzuk Henry
Teleplay by: Jenifer Rice-Genzuk Henry
January 3, 2018 (2018-01-03)
0.95[12]

2
"Bitch, Don't Kill My Vibe"
Stella Meghie
Jordan Reddout & Gus Hickey
January 3, 2018 (2018-01-03)
0.92[12]

3
"If You're Reading This, It's Too Late"
Steven Caple Jr.
Hale Rothstein
January 10, 2018 (2018-01-10)
0.66[13]

4
"Starboy"
John Fortenberry
Elaine Welteroth & Chad Sanders
January 17, 2018 (2018-01-17)
0.90[14]

5
"C.R.E.A.M. (Cash Rules Everything Around Me)"
Pete Chatmon
Craig Doyle
January 24, 2018 (2018-01-24)
0.64[15]

6
"Cashin' Out"
Todd Biermann
Chris Spencer
January 31, 2018 (2018-01-31)
0.61[16]

7
"Un-Break My Heart"
Steven Tsuchida
Kara Brown
February 7, 2018 (2018-02-07)
0.54[17]

8
"Erase Your Social"
Amy York Rubin
Vanessa McGee
February 14, 2018 (2018-02-14)
0.48[18]

9
"Who Gon Stop Me"
Eric Dean Seaton
Melanie Kirschbaum & Alexandra Decas
February 28, 2018 (2018-02-28)
0.52[19]

10
"It's Hard Out Here for a Pimp"
Marta Cunningham
Hale Rothstein & Jenifer Rice-Genzuk Henry
March 7, 2018 (2018-03-07)
0.44[20]

11
"Safe and Sound"
Silver Tree
Helen Krieger & Emily Miller
March 14, 2018 (2018-03-14)
0.47[21]

12
"Crew Love"
Pete Chatmon
Hale Rothstein & Jenifer Rice-Genzuk Henry
March 21, 2018 (2018-03-21)
0.43[22]

13
"Back & Forth"
Steven Caple Jr.
Isaac Schamis & Danny Segal
March 28, 2018 (2018-03-28)
0.40[23]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 92% based on 24 reviews, with an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "grown-ish quickly works through its growing pains to establish itself as its own socially aware show with a fresh perspective on the college experience, driven by the charming and capable Yara Shahidi."[24] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 71 out of 100, based on 15 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[25]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Late Registration"
January 3, 2018
0.4
0.95[12]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

2
"Bitch, Don't Kill My Vibe"
January 3, 2018
0.4
0.92[12]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

3
"If You're Reading This, It's Too Late"
January 10, 2018
0.3
0.66[13]
0.4
0.66
0.7
1.33[26]

4
"Starboy"
January 17, 2018
0.4
0.90[14]
0.3
N/A
0.7[27]
N/A

5
"C.R.E.A.M. (Cash Rules Everything Around Me)"
January 24, 2018
0.3
0.64[15]
0.3
0.64
0.6
1.29[28]

6
"Cashin' Out"
January 31, 2018
0.3
0.61[16]
0.3
N/A
0.6[29]
N/A

7
"Un-Break My Heart"
February 7, 2018
0.3
0.54[17]
0.3
0.68
0.6
1.22[30]

8
"Erase Your Social"
February 14, 2018
0.2
0.48[18]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

9
"Who Gon Stop Me"
February 28, 2018
0.2
0.52[19]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

10
"It's Hard Out Here for a Pimp"
March 7, 2018
0.2
0.44[20]
0.3
0.53
0.5
0.97[31]

11
"Safe and Sound"
March 14, 2018
0.2
0.47[21]
0.3
0.55
0.5
1.02[32]

12
"Crew Love"
March 21, 2018
0.2
0.43[22]
N/A
0.53
N/A
0.96[33]

13
"Back & Fourth"
March 28, 2018
0.2
0.40[23]
N/A
0.53
N/A
0.93[34]