document_title: Suicide Squad (film)

question_text: who played harley quinn in suicide squad 2016

text: Suicide Squad (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the aftermath of Superman's death, intelligence officer Amanda Waller reaches Washington D.C for assembling Task Force X, and shows them to everyone in the White House a team of dangerous criminals imprisoned at Belle Reve Prison consisting of elite hitman Deadshot, former psychiatrist Harley Quinn, pyrokinetic ex-gangster El Diablo, opportunistic thief Captain Boomerang, genetic mutant Killer Croc, and specialized assassin Slipknot. They are placed under command of Colonel Rick Flag to be used as disposable assets in high-risk missions for the United States government. Each member has a nano bomb implanted in their neck, designed to detonate should any member rebel or try to escape.

text: One of Waller's intended recruits is Flag's girlfriend Dr. June Moone, an archaeologist possessed by a witch known as the "Enchantress". Enchantress quickly turns on Waller, deciding to eradicate humankind with a mystical weapon for imprisoning her. She besieges Midway City by transforming its populace into a horde of monsters, and summons her brother Incubus to assist her. Waller then deploys the squad to extract a high-profile mark from Midway, which is reported to be under a terrorist attack. Joining them is Katana, a Japanese swordswoman.

text: Harley's homicidal lover Joker finds out about her predicament and tortures Belle Reve security officer Griggs into leading him to the facility where the nano bombs are made. There, he blackmails Dr. Van Criss into disabling Harley's bomb. On approach, the squad's helicopter is shot down, forcing them to proceed on foot to their target. Boomerang inaccurately convinces Slipknot that the bombs are a ruse to keep them in check; Slipknot attempts to escape and Flag kills him via his nano bomb, while the squad is attacked by Enchantress' minions. They eventually fight their way through to a safe room, where they learn that their mark is Waller herself, who is attempting to cover up her involvement in Enchantress' siege.

text: The squad escorts Waller to a rooftop for extraction, but the arriving helicopter has been hijacked by the Joker and his men, who open fire on the squad while Harley climbs aboard upon Dr. Van Criss disarming her bomb, leaving Flag unable to execute her. However, Waller's men shoot down the helicopter, and Harley falls out while the Joker is presumed dead, after which Harley rejoins the squad. Alerted to Waller's whereabouts, Enchantress' minions arrive and kidnap her. Deadshot finds Waller's confidential files and learns the truth about Enchantress. Flag is then forced to confess the truth, causing the squad members to abandon him. With Waller compromised, Flag relieves the squad of the mission but chooses to continue. Realizing they have an opportunity to prove themselves, they soon rejoin him and locate Enchantress at a partially-flooded subway station. Killer Croc and a group of Navy SEALs, led by Lieutenant GQ Edwards, go underwater to plant a bomb underneath Incubus. El Diablo embraces his abilities and distracts Incubus long enough for the bomb to detonate underneath, killing them both as well as Edwards.

text: The remaining squad members battle Enchantress together but are ultimately defeated. Enchantress offers to fulfill their deepest desires in exchange for their allegiance, and Harley feigns interest in order to get close enough to cut out Enchantress' heart. Killer Croc then throws explosives into Enchantress' weapon and Deadshot shoots them, destroying the device. Flag takes Enchantress' heart and crushes it, finally freeing June from the curse. Waller, still alive, emerges, and the squad members are returned to Belle Reve with ten years off their sentences. All but Captain Boomerang are allowed special privileges. The Joker, alive and unscathed, breaks into the penitentiary and rescues Harley.

text: In a mid-credits scene, Waller meets with Bruce Wayne, who agrees to protect her from the backlash against her role in Enchantress' rampage in exchange for access to the government's files on the expanding metahuman community while telling her to shut down Task Force X.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Will Smith as Floyd Lawton / Deadshot:[4]

text: Jared Leto as The Joker:

text: Margot Robbie as Harleen Quinzel / Harley Quinn:[11]

text: Joel Kinnaman as Rick Flag:[14]

text: Viola Davis as Amanda Waller:[16]

text: Jai Courtney as George "Digger" Harkness / Captain Boomerang:[19]

text: Jay Hernandez as Chato Santana / El Diablo:[15][18]

text: Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje as Waylon Jones / Killer Croc:

text: Ike Barinholtz as Griggs:[22]

text: Scott Eastwood as Lieutenant GQ Edwards:[22]

text: Cara Delevingne as June Moone / Enchantress:

text: Karen Fukuhara as Tatsu Yamashiro / Katana:

text: Adam Beach as Christopher Weiss / Slipknot:[24] A mercenary specializing in tactical grappling and scaling.

text: Additionally, Ben Affleck appears as Bruce Wayne / Batman, and Ezra Miller appears as Barry Allen / Flash, reprising their roles from Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice in cameo roles; while Jason Momoa makes a brief photographic appearance as Arthur Curry / Aquaman.[25][26][27] Alain Chanoine portrays Incubus, the brother of Enchantress, who possesses the body of a businessman in Midway City.[28] Jim Parrack appears as Jonny Frost, and Common appears as Monster T, the Joker's henchmen.[18][29] David Harbour portrays government official Dexter Tolliver, Alex Meraz portrays Navy SEAL Gomez, and Matt Baram portrays Dr. Van Criss, a scientist at Wayne Enterprises' branch Van Criss Laboratories.[30][31][22] Shailyn Pierre-Dixon plays Zoe Lawton, Deadshot's daughter, and Corina Calderon plays Grace Santana, Diablo's wife.[32][33] David Ayer, writer and director of the film, makes a cameo appearance as a Belle Reve officer.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The film was announced in 2009 with Dan Lin as producer, Stephen Gilchrist as co-producer and Justin Marks as the screenwriter.[34] David Ayer signed on to direct and write the film in September 2014.[35][36] He later described the film to Empire Online as "Dirty Dozen with supervillains".[37] Ayer had six weeks to write his script, given the release date was already set.[38]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In October 2014, Warner Bros. had initially offered Ryan Gosling, Tom Hardy, Margot Robbie, and Will Smith roles in the film.[39] In November, TheWrap revealed that Jared Leto was in talks for the role of Joker, which Gosling was originally sought for.[40] The main cast was announced by Warner Brothers in December 2014 with Smith, Hardy, Leto, Robbie, Jai Courtney, and Cara Delevingne as Deadshot, Rick Flag, Joker, Harley Quinn, Captain Boomerang, and Enchantress, respectively.[41] The studio was also considering Viola Davis, Octavia Spencer, and Oprah Winfrey for the role of Amanda Waller.[42] Following the announcement of the cast, comic book writer John Ostrander (creator of the modern incarnation of the Suicide Squad) talked with Comic Book Resources about the casting, saying, "I have no problem with the casting... what I am really impressed by with all of the casting is that they are getting some very good actors to play these parts."[43]

text: In January 2015, Davis expressed interest in playing Amanda Waller during an interview, saying "I'm fascinated by her (Waller)."[17] Meanwhile, Tom Hardy had to drop out as Rick Flag because of scheduling issues with his film The Revenant.[44] Jake Gyllenhaal was then given an offer to replace Hardy as Flag, but he declined.[45] The studio was then looking at Joel Edgerton, Jon Bernthal, and Joel Kinnaman to play the role.[46][47][48] In February, Jay Hernandez joined the cast and Kinnaman was also confirmed to play Flag.[49] At the 87th Academy Awards, Davis confirmed that she had been cast as Amanda Waller.[50] In March 2015, boxer Raymond Olubawale was reported to have an unspecified role in the film,[51] and Scott Eastwood announced that he had been cast on Twitter.[52] Later that month, it was confirmed that Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje and Karen Fukuhara had been cast as Killer Croc and Katana, respectively.[20] Adam Beach, Ike Barinholtz, and Jim Parrack were added to the cast in April 2015.[22] In January 2016, Ben Affleck was confirmed to reprise his role as Batman from Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[25]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began on April 13, 2015.[53][54] On April 26 and 27, filming was to take place at the Hy's Steakhouse.[55] A "snowstorm" scene was filmed on April 29 on the Adelaide St. and in Ching Lane.[56] On May 5, a few major scenes were filmed in downtown Toronto next to Yonge and Dundas Square.[57] Principal photography wrapped in August 2015 after additional filming took place in Chicago, Illinois.[58][59] Additional filming ensued in 2016 following Warner's desire to make a more lighthearted and comedic tone akin to the trailers, especially as Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice was criticized for being too somber; it was reported the reshoots cost as much as $22 million (more than the typical $6–10 million that additional filming costs).[60] It was also confirmed that Zack Snyder filmed a scene with the Flash while shooting Justice League in London, while Ayer was in post-production on Suicide Squad.[61] Ayer confirmed that the film was completed on June 24, 2016.[62] Despite the involvement of multiple editors in the process, only John Gilroy is named in the main credit sequence.[38] It was later revealed that many of Jared Leto's scenes were omitted from the final cut.[63][64] An interview with Leto revealed that he was upset over the removal of his work.[65][66]

text: Music[edit]

text: Academy Award-winning composer Steven Price, who previously worked with Ayer on Fury, composed the score for Suicide Squad.[67] Suicide Squad: Original Motion Picture Score was announced for a release date of August 8, 2016.[68] A soundtrack album for the film, titled Suicide Squad: The Album, was announced in June 2016, and released on August 5, 2016.[69] The album's first single, "Heathens" by Twenty One Pilots, was released on June 20, 2016.[70] A music video for the song, set in a prison and featuring footage from the film, was released on June 21.[71] "Sucker for Pain" was released as the second single on June 24.[70] The album's third single, "Purple Lamborghini" by Skrillex and Rick Ross, was released on July 22.[72] "Gangsta" by Kehlani; "Standing in the Rain" by Action Bronson, Mark Ronson, and Dan Auerbach of The Black Keys; "Medieval Warfare" by Grimes; and a cover of Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody" performed by Panic! at the Disco were released as four promotional singles on August 2, August 3, and August 4, 2016 respectively, with "Medieval Warfare" and "Bohemian Rhapsody" being released on the same day.[73]

text: Release[edit]

text: Suicide Squad premiered at the Beacon Theatre in New York City on August 1, 2016. The subsequent London premiere took place on August 3, 2016.[74] It was theatrically released in the United States and in the UK on August 5, 2016, in 2D, 3D and IMAX 3D.[75]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Suicide Squad held a panel at the 2015 San Diego Comic-Con International, with stars Smith, Robbie, Courtney, Davis, and Kinnaman amongst those who appeared. A trailer intended to be exclusive to the event premiered, but was leaked online, with Warner Bros. responding by stating they would not release an official version.[76] However, the following day, Warner Bros. released an official version, stating: "Warner Bros. Pictures and our anti-piracy team have worked tirelessly over the last 48 hours to contain the Suicide Squad footage that was pirated from Hall H on Saturday. We have been unable to achieve that goal. Today we will release the same footage that has been illegally circulating on the web, in the form it was created and high quality with which it was intended to be enjoyed. We regret this decision as it was our intention to keep the footage as a unique experience for the Comic-Con crowd, but we cannot continue to allow the film to be represented by the poor quality of the pirated footage stolen from our presentation."[77]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Suicide Squad was released on Digital HD on November 15, 2016, and on Blu-ray, 4K Ultra-HD Blu-Ray, Blu-Ray 3D, and DVD on December 13, 2016. An extended cut of the film is included in the home entertainment release, containing roughly thirteen minutes of footage absent from the theatrical version.[78][79][80]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Suicide Squad was a box office success,[81] grossing $325.1 million in the United States and Canada and $421.7 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $746.8 million, against a production budget of $175 million ($325 million including advertising and promotion costs).[3][82][83] Suicide Squad was highly anticipated by audiences worldwide, despite the negative critical reception and lower-than-expected box office performance of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice in March.[2] It recorded a worldwide opening of $267.1 million from 59 countries and IMAX global debut of $18.2 million, both set new records for the month of August.[84] That is also the second-best debut worldwide for a DC property after Dawn of Justice ($422.5 million) and the seventh best for a superhero title.[85] The Hollywood Reporter highlighted that Dawn of Justice had an advantage of receiving a coveted day-and-date release with China, while Suicide Squad did not secure a release date in the country.[86] Forbes pointed out that had the film secured a release in China, it may well have matched or topped the $773 million total of Guardians of the Galaxy and the $782 million gross of Deadpool.[81] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $158.45 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the 10th most profitable release of 2016.[87]

text: North America[edit]

text: Projections for its opening weekend in the United States and Canada were being continuously revised upwards starting from $100 million to as high as $150 million.[88][89][90][91][92] The film opened across 4,255 theaters, the widest for the month of August. Of that, 382 theaters were in IMAX, over 490 large-format screens locations, 270+ drive-ins, 180+ D-Box locations and over 200 dine-in/luxury theaters.[93] It opened Friday, August 5, 2016, on about 11,000 screens and earned $65.1 million, marking the biggest August opening and single day, and the third biggest opening day gross of 2016. Of that, $5.8 million came from IMAX theaters, also a new August record.[94] This includes $20.5 million it earned from Thursday previews, which began at 6:00pm, setting the record for biggest-ever preview of August and the second biggest for a non-sequel film (behind Man of Steel). IMAX comprised $2.4 million (12%) of that figure.[95][96] Much like Batman v Superman and The Dark Knight Rises, however, the film saw a steep Friday-to-Saturday decline, grossing $38.8 million (a drop of 41%).[85][97] In total, it earned $133.7 million in its opening weekend, setting records for the month of August (previously held by Guardians of the Galaxy) and for Will Smith's career (I Am Legend).[85] It is also the second-biggest debut for a non-sequel, behind The Hunger Games ($152 million), the fourth biggest of the year and the fifth biggest for Warner Bros.[85][97] IMAX made up $11 million of the opening numbers from 382 theaters, $200,000 shy of breaking Guardians of the Galaxy' record. Nevertheless, it did beat Guardians of the Galaxy' $7.6 million in terms of premium large format screens which comprised $13 million. For Cinemark XD screens, which made $3.2 million, the sixth-highest opening.[85]

text: The opening numbers helped Warner Bros. push past the $1 billion mark in North America for the sixteenth year in a row. The film also helped the total weekend tickets sales to an unprecedented $221.3 million in August. Previously, August has not exceeded $200 million at the box office in a single weekend in North America.[85][98][99] Suicide Squad scored a massive debut primarily on the backs of the under-35 set which made up 76% of the opening weekend.[100] Audiences were also diverse, with African-Americans making up 41% of the patrons.[100]

text: Following its record breaking opening weekend, it posted the biggest August Monday gross with $13.1 million, a drop of 56.5% from its Sunday gross. This broke Guardians of the Galaxy's previous record of $11.7 million,[101][102] and also the biggest August Tuesday with $14.3 million, up 9% from its Monday take.[103] The film has earned the biggest Friday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday and Tuesday in August history.[104] It made $179.1 million in its first week of release, the fourth biggest of the year.[105] Despite earning $13.4 million on its second Friday, the film dropped 79%, slightly less than Batman v Superman's 81% drop.[106] Following a first-place finish in its first weekend of release, the film faced a steep decline of 67.2% in its second weekend, earning an estimated $43.8 million to score the biggest August second weekend gross. It also passed the $200 million mark in ten days and was able to hold the top spot for the second time in a row despite competition from the comedy Sausage Party.[107] However, the drop is among one of the biggest decline for a studio superhero film, and for Warner Bros. which The Hollywood Reporter called it "deja vu all over again" after Batman v Superman tumbled 69% in its second weekend earlier in the year. The second weekend decline is the second biggest in summer history, behind Warcraft's historic 70% drop in June of the same year. The site also highlighted possible reasons for the significantly steep drop: dismal reviews, general apathy among moviegoers, altering movie-going habits and competition.[108][109]

text: After three weeks of holding the top spot, it was overtaken by Don't Breathe on its fourth weekend.[110] It maintained the second spot in its fifth weekend and registered its best hold with a -20% decline while also passing the $300 million threshold[111][112] on its thirty-second day of release.[113] It remained in the top ten for eight weekends until falling off in its ninth weekend.[114]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Internationally, Suicide Squad secured a release in approximately 62 countries.[115] It was released in 57 countries (70% of the marketplace) in conjuncture with its North American debut, including France, South Korea, Australia, Russia and the CIS, Brazil, the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Spain and Mexico beginning from Wednesday, August 3. According to trackings, the film was projected to have an opening anywhere between $85 million to $120 million, which would be a new August international debut record.[116][117] Deadline.com pointed out that although the film is a lesser known property, similar to Guardians of the Galaxy, stars such as Will Smith are better known internationally, which could potentially aid the film's performance.[116] It opened Wednesday, August 3, 2016, in 7 countries, earning $8.1 million.[118] It opened in 50 more countries on August 4 and 5, earning $53.8 million for a three-day total of $64.6 million from 57 countries.[118] Through Sunday, August 7, it delivered a five-day opening of $133.3 million from 57 countries on 17,630 screens, nearly double the previous August record held by Guardians of the Galaxy. It also set IMAX opening record with $7 million.[119] It added $58.7 million on its second weekend, a drop of 57% on 15,600 screens in 62 territories.[120] After two straight wins, it was overtaken by the animated The Secret Life of Pets in its third weekend.[121]

text: It recorded the biggest opening day of all time for Warner Bros. in Russia ($3.9 million), the biggest August opening day in the United Kingdom ($6.2 million), Brazil ($3 million), South Korea ($2.9 million, also the second biggest Warner Bros. opening day), France ($2.7 million), Sweden ($564,000) and Holland ($517,000, also the biggest opening of the year).[118] Mexico and Spain opened with $3.9 million and $1.4 million respectively.[118] In terms of opening weekend, the film recorded the biggest Warner Bros. opening of all time in Russia ($11.4 million). In Brazil, despite playing amidst the 2016 Summer Olympics, it managed to open with $11.75 million, marking the biggest August opening weekend of all time, the biggest Will Smith opening, and the fourth biggest opening for a superhero film. Its opening numbers alone made it the second biggest film for the studio there.[119] In South Korea, although the film was off to a strong start, however, it was eventually overtaken by The Last Princess and Operation Chromite debuting at No. 3. It made $10.8 million in five days (Wednesday to Sunday).[119][122] The U.K. and Ireland posted the biggest opening market for the film with £11.25 million ($14.8 million) from 573 theaters.[citation needed] Discounting previews, it delivered the third-biggest UK opening of the year, behind Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (£14.62 million) and Captain America: Civil War (£14.47 million). It also became the first new released film of August since 2014 to debut above £3 million.[119][123] Elsewhere, it scored the biggest August opening in Australia ($10.5 million), Mexico ($10.4 million) and Argentina ($2.5 million), while in Spain, it recorded the biggest DC opening with $3.4 million, where it was behind The Secret Life of Pets for the weekend and France a $7.9 million opening.[119] It opened in first place in India for a non-local film with $1.8 million from 462 screens, despite facing competition from Jason Bourne ($1.1 million from 1,027 screens) which also opened on the same weekend. Despite the later film occupying twice the screen number of the former, Suicide Squad managed to take the top spot.[124] Italy opened with an estimated $2.2 million in two days, that's the biggest opening for Smith there.[120] It opened in first place in Germany with $6.9 million.[121] It opened in Japan – the film's last market – on September 9 where it debuted with $3.8 million.[125] It finished in second spot (and first among new releases) behind local anime Your Name. With such a robust opening, Variety projected that the film would end its run there around $20 million.[126] It has so far grossed $9.4 million there.[115]

text: In terms of total earnings, its biggest market outside of North America is the UK ($43.3 million), followed by Brazil ($35.1 million) and Mexico ($27.1 million).[125] In two weeks, it became the second-highest-grossing Warner Bros. film of all time in Brazil behind Dawn of Justice.[127]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Suicide Squad received negative reviews from critics.[129][130] On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 27% based on 329 reviews, with a weighted average rating of 4.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Suicide Squad boasts a talented cast and a little more humor than previous DCEU efforts, but they aren't enough to save the disappointing end result from a muddled plot, thinly written characters, and choppy directing."[131] On Metacritic, the film has a normalized score of 40 out of 100, based on 53 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[132] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 73% overall positive score.[60]

text: Rolling Stone's Peter Travers wrote, "DC Comics tries something different with Suicide Squad, an all-star collection of crime fighting villains—and the result is anything but super."[133] Richard Lawson of Vanity Fair said, "Suicide Squad is just bad. It's ugly and boring, a toxic combination that means the film's highly fetishized violence doesn't even have the exciting tingle of the wicked or the taboo."[134] Writing for The Wall Street Journal, Joe Morgenstern heavily criticized the film saying, "In a word, Suicide Squad is trash. In two words, it's ugly trash." He further said, it "amounts to an all-out attack on the whole idea of entertainment," and called the film a product of "shameless pandering".[135]

text: Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly gave the film B− saying, "Suicide Squad kicks off with fizzy, punk-rock ferocity before turning flat and spiraling into familiar formulas," and called Jared Leto's "scene-stealing" Joker "wasted" and "stranded in the periphery". He concluded by saying, "For DC, Suicide Squad is a small step forward. But it could have been a giant leap."[136] IGN gave the film 5.9/10, saying: "Suicide Squad is a decidedly different flavor than Batman v Superman. It goes for subversive, funny and stylish, and it succeeds wildly during the first act. But then the movie turns into something predictable and unexciting."[137] Drew McWeeny from HitFix gave it a positive review, writing "Suicide Squad is not the darkest mainstream superhero comic book movie ever made, nor is it even the darkest live-action film featuring Batman ever made. However, it is gleefully nihilistic, and it takes a different approach to what has become a fairly familiar story form at this point, right at the moment when it feels like superhero movies either have to evolve or die."[138] Brian Truitt from USA Today wrote, "Compared to its ilk, Suicide Squad is an excellently quirky, proudly raised middle finger to the staid superhero-movie establishment."[139]

text: Margot Robbie's performance as Harley Quinn was better received, with many critics eager to see more of the character in future films.[129][136][140][141][142] In January 2017, David Ayer later stated on Twitter that he wished he had done certain things differently in the film including story elements, as well as giving more screen time to the Joker.[128]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Despite the negative critical and mixed audience reception to the film, Suicide Squad was nominated for various awards, receiving several. The film was nominated for three Grammy Awards as well as one Critics' Choice Movie Awards (winning one), seven People's Choice Awards (winning one) and received multiple Teen Choice Awards nominations, including "Choice AnTEENcipated Movie", "Choice Movie Actor: AnTEENcipated" for Will Smith and Scott Eastwood, and "Choice Movie Actress: AnTEENcipated" for Margot Robbie and Cara Delevingne.[143] It won in both the former and latter categories.[144] The film won an Academy Award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling at 89th Academy Awards, making it the first film in the DC Extended Universe to win an Academy Award.[145]

text: Sequel and spin-offs[edit]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In March 2016, it was announced that Warner Bros. would bring Ayer and Smith back for a sequel, to be shot in 2017.[146][147] The following month, Ayer expressed an interest in making the sequel R-rated.[148] Fukuhara has stated that she wants to explore Katana's backstory in the sequel,[149] and Courtney has stated about his hopes of reprising his role as well.[150] In February 2017, it was reported that the studio had a shortlist of potential directors for the sequel, including Mel Gibson.[151][152] In March of that same year, Adam Cozad was hired as screenwriter for the film.[153] In July, Jaume Collet-Serra was named as the studio's first choice to helm the sequel, with production scheduled for mid-2018; Zak Penn had also submitted a story treatment and a new script was being written.[154] The film was titled Suicide Squad 2 at San Diego Comic-Con.[155] Leto was confirmed to reprise his role as the Joker in the film.[156] In September 2017, it was announced Gavin O'Connor had signed on as writer and director for the film.[157][158]

text: Spin-offs[edit]

text: In addition, it was later announced in September 2016 that Warner Bros. was planning a film focusing on Harleen Quinzel / Harley Quinn, with Robbie serving as executive producer and Christina Hodson serving as the screenwriter for the film.[159][160][161] In December 2016, it was announced that Ayer will return to the franchise as director and producer of Gotham City Sirens, a film based on the comic book team of the same name, consisting of Harley Quinn, Selina Kyle / Catwoman and Pamela Isley / Poison Ivy. In December 2016, it was also reported that the studio is developing a film focusing on Floyd Lawton / Deadshot, which will star Smith.[162] In August 2017, another film focusing on the Joker and Harley Quinn entered development with Glenn Ficarra and John Requa in final negotiations to be the co-writer/co-director team handling the project.[163]


document_title: Luke Cage (soundtrack)

question_text: who does the theme song for luke cage

question_tokens: who does the theme song for luke cage

root

text: Luke Cage (soundtrack)

text: Background[edit]

text: In April 2016, Luke Cage showrunner Cheo Hodari Coker revealed that Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad were composing the series' score, describing it as "a '90s hip-hop vibe" with "a lot of different musical appearances".[1] Younge and Muhammad spotted each episode together with the episode's director, then went off and worked on certain cues each, though the two did work on some cues together.[2] Marvel Television, Netflix, and ABC were extremely supportive of Younge and Muhammad's artistic process after hearing their first work for the series (the duo started by composing the bookending music of the second episode), asking them to "push" the sound of the score as far as they could, and allowing them the use of a full, 30-piece orchestra for recording.[3] The score was orchestrated and conducted by Miguel Atwood-Ferguson,[3] and recorded and mixed at Raphael Saadiq's studio.[2]

tag: p

text: Marvel did criticize the initial theme music that Younge and Muhammad wrote for the series, which was inspired by the "British library music" of Alan Tew. Coker wanted to use the music, but the studio felt that it was too slow to play over the opening credits. They eventually agreed to use the music for the closing credits of each episode, and wrote a piece closer to "classic" theme music for the opening. They still made this "more funky, and kind of crazy" compared to traditional themes, and Marvel praised it. For Younge, it was important that the music for the series be recorded using analog technologies, comparing it to the music of Marvin Gaye and Stevie Wonder where "you don’t like it just because it’s composed well. You don’t like it just because they have great voices. You like it because of the way it makes you feel, sonically ... the deep, organic, soulful sound waves in it." He felt that music produced digitally could not replicate this quality and would be "cutting corners".[4]

text: The series features onscreen performances by various artists, which Coker wanted to use to help capture the vibe of the neighborhood. Several of these songs are included on the soundtrack album,[5] including the single "Bulletproof Love", featuring Method Man, an original rap song featured in the episode "Soliloquy of Chaos". The track was arranged by Younge and Muhammad, and includes much of the socio-political commentary that showrunner Cheo Hodari Coker wished to convey throughout the series.[6][7] The track "Requiem for Phife", which is used in one of the biggest scenes of the series, was written by Muhammad as a tribute to his fellow A Tribe Called Quest member Malik "Phife Dawg" Taylor, who died while Muhammad was working on the score.[8]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All music by Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad, except where noted.

text: Disc 1No.TitleLength1."Good Man" (by Raphael Saadiq)3:452."Mesmerized" (by Faith Evans)4:073."Ain't It a Sin" (by Charles Bradley)3:504."Stop And Look (And You Have Found Love)" (by Adrian Younge and The Delfonics)2:465."100 Days, 100 Nights" (by Sharon Jones & The Dap-Kings)3:436."Diamondback Arrives"2:527."Final Battle – Part 1"1:448."In the Wind"2:229."Diamondback's Trap"1:4210."Blue Fusion"2:4111."Final Battle – Part 2"2:1412."I'm Luke Cage"1:1713."Street Cleaning"2:1314."The Ambush"2:0515."End Theme"1:4116."Coffee at Midnight"1:3117."Red-Handedly Blameless"2:5718."Always Forward Pops"1:1919."Unveil the Bride"1:4620."Shameek's Death"2:19

tag: table

text: Disc 2No.TitleLength21."The Plan"1:4822."Requiem for Phife"3:4323."We Had Coffee"0:5524."Pops Is Gone"2:4825."Theme"1:0926."Greed Becomes Me"0:3527."Bulletproof Love" (featuring Method Man)2:1228."Microphone Check Five'O"0:5629."Luke's Freedom"4:5230."Uptown Claire"0:4331."Shades Beware"0:4432."Misty Resolute"1:2833."Fresh Air"1:2434."Kinda Strong"0:3735."Big Man Little Jacket"1:0636."Scarfe's Dying"2:1737."Claire's Wisdom"1:1338."Gun Threat"2:4039."Bad Love"1:1640."Finding Chico"1:2241."I Am Carl Lucas"1:0442."Crispus Attucks"0:4743."Hideout"2:2744."Cuban Coffee"0:4445."Like a Brother"1:2446."Cottonmouth's Clamp"1:3847."Survival"1:0148."Cottonmouth Theme"0:1949."Luke Cops"1:1250."Crushin' On Reva"1:0751."Beloved Reva"1:24

text: Release[edit]

text: In July 2016, Coker revealed plans for a vinyl soundtrack album for the series, to be produced by Younge and Muhammad.[9] On September 30, "Bulletproof Love" was released digitally as a single alongside the release of the television series on Netflix.[6] On October 6, Younge and Muhammad held a concert at the Theatre at Ace Hotel, Los Angeles, with a 40-piece orchestra conducted by Miguel Atwood-Ferguson performing their score for the series. Hosted by Russell Peters and Wayne Brady, the event also featured an opening DJ set by No I.D.[10] Younge and Muhammad had wanted to perform the score live since they first began working on the project, and the producers agreed after hearing the completed music.[2]

text: The full soundtrack album was released on October 7, digitally and on vinyl.[10][11] The vinyl release from Mondo was pressed on "Power Man Yellow" colored vinyl, with collectible artwork by Matthew Woodson.[12][11] On October 8, Mondo announced that its entire initial pressing of the release had already been sold out, to be shipped at the end of the month. Further orders would begin shipping in late November.[13] Additionally, Mondo will release posters of Woodson's art on November 10, screen prints "featuring a layer of spot varnish to bring different elements of the illustration to life."[14]


document_title: Deion Sanders

question_text: when did deion sanders retire from the nfl

question_tokens: when did deion sanders retire from the nfl

text: Deion Sanders

text: Early life[edit]

text: High school[edit]

text: Sanders was born in Fort Myers, Florida. He attended North Fort Myers High School in North Fort Myers, and was a letterman and All-State honoree in football, basketball and baseball. In 1985, Sanders was named to the Florida High School Association All-Century Team which selected the top 33 players in the 100-year history of high school football in the state.

text: The Kansas City Royals selected Sanders out of North Fort Myers High School in the sixth round of the 1985 Major League Baseball draft. He did not sign with the Royals.[4]

text: College career[edit]

text: Sanders enrolled at Florida State University and played three sports for the Florida State Seminoles: football, baseball, and track. Beginning his freshman year, he started in the Seminoles' secondary, played outfield for the baseball team that finished fifth in the nation, and helped lead the track and field team to a conference championship.

text: Under head coach Bobby Bowden, Sanders was a two-time consensus All-American cornerback in 1987 and 1988, and a third team All-American in 1986, intercepting 14 passes in his career, including three in bowl games, and managed to return one interception 100 yards for a touchdown breaking Fred Biletnikoff's interception return record by one yard. He won the Jim Thorpe Award in 1988. He was also a standout punt returner for Florida State, leading the nation in 1988 with his punt return average, and breaking the school's record for career punt return yards. Sanders made an interception with 5 seconds left to seal Florida State's 13-7 win over Auburn in the 1989 Sugar Bowl, during the 1988 postseason. Based on those accolades, his jersey at Florida State, #2, was retired in 1995. He finished his career with 126 punt returns for 1,429 yards.[5] Bowden would later state that Sanders was his "measuring stick for athletic ability".[6]

text: While playing baseball under head coach Mike Martin at Florida State, Sanders hit .331 in 1986; he was known more for base stealing, compiling 27 stolen bases in 1987.[citation needed]

text: Sanders once played the first game of a baseball doubleheader, ran a leg of a 4 × 100 relay, then returned to play another baseball game.[7]

text: Professional baseball career[edit]

text:
Deion Sanders
Left fielder / Center fielder
Born:  (1967-08-09) August 9, 1967 (age 51)Fort Myers, Florida

Batted: Left
Threw: Left
MLB debut
May 31, 1989, for the New York YankeesLast MLB appearance
June 14, 2001, for the Cincinnati RedsMLB statisticsBatting average
.263Hits
558Home runs
39Stolen bases
186
Teams
New York Yankees (1989–1990)
Atlanta Braves (1991–1994)
Cincinnati Reds (1994–1995)
San Francisco Giants (1995)
Cincinnati Reds (1997, 2001)
Career highlights and awards
NL Triples champion (1992)

text: Sanders played a nine-year, part-time baseball career, playing left and center field in 641 games with 4 teams. He was originally drafted by the Kansas City Royals in the 6th round of the 1985 draft, but did not sign with them. The New York Yankees selected Sanders in the 30th round of the 1988 Major League Baseball draft, and he signed with the team on June 22.[citation needed] He opened the 1989 season with the Albany-Colonie Yankees of the Class AA Eastern League.[8] Though he planned to leave the Yankees in July to attend NFL training camp,[9] he became embroiled in a contract dispute with the Falcons, and used the Yankees as leverage. He received a promotion to the major leagues, and spent the summer with the Columbus Clippers of the Class AAA International League.[10] He made his major league baseball debut on May 31, 1989.[11]

text: Sanders made the Yankees' Opening Day roster for the 1990 season.[12] On May 22, 1990, Sanders became involved in a dispute with Chicago White Sox' catcher Carlton Fisk. Sanders started by stepping up to the plate with one out and a runner on third, drawing a dollar sign in the dirt before the pitch and then failed to run to first base after hitting a routine pop fly to shortstop, trotting back to the dugout instead. The Yankee fans booed, and Fisk told Sanders to "run the fucking ball out" and called Sanders a "piece of shit." Later in the game, Sanders told Fisk that "the days of slavery are over." Fisk was furious. "He comes up and wants to make it a racial issue, there's no racial issue involved. There is a right way and a wrong way to play this game."[13][14][15]

text: By mid-July, Sanders expressed that he was unsure if he would remain with the Yankees or report to NFL training camp for the upcoming NFL season.[16] He requested a $1 million salary for the 1991 season, and the Yankees ended negotiations on a contract extension with Sanders. He left the team, finishing the 1990 season with a .158 batting average and three home runs in 57 games.[17] In September 1990, the Yankees placed Sanders on waivers with the intention of giving him his release, as Yankees' general manager Gene Michael said that Sanders' football career was stunting his baseball development.[18]

text: Sanders later signed with the Atlanta Braves for the 1991 MLB season. On July 31, Sanders hit a key three-run homer to spark a comeback win against the Pittsburgh Pirates during the Braves' run to the National League West Division title. However, he had to leave the Braves the very next day to report to the Atlanta Falcons because of a clause in his NFL contract and missed the postseason. Before the 1992 season, Sanders reworked his NFL deal whereby he still reported to the Falcons for training camp in August, but was allowed to rejoin the Braves for the postseason.

text: During the 1992 season, his best year in the majors, he hit .304 for the team, stole 26 bases, and led the NL with 14 triples in 97 games. During the 1989 season, he hit a major league home run and scored a touchdown in the NFL in the same week, becoming the only player ever to do so. Sanders is also the only man to play in both a Super Bowl and a World Series.[19]  Deion Sanders and Bo Jackson were the pre-eminent multi-sport athletes of their time, but prior to the 1990 season, they had never squared off against each other in a professional game. That changed in 1990, when Jackson and Sanders met five times on the diamond — the most memorable of which came on July 17th, in what was billed as "The Bo and Prime Time Show." After Bo Jackson's three-homer night, Sanders said, "He's (Bo's) one of the best athletes who ever put on a uniform."

text: In four games of the 1992 World Series, Sanders batted .533 with 4 runs, 8 hits, 2 doubles, and 1 RBI while playing with a broken bone in his foot. Despite Sanders's performance, the Braves ultimately lost to the Toronto Blue Jays in six games. In Game 3, he narrowly avoided being a victim of what would have been only the second triple play in World Series history (following Bill Wambsganss's unassisted triple play in 1920). With Sanders on second base and Terry Pendleton on first, David Justice hit a deep fly ball to center field that Blue Jays center fielder Devon White unexpectedly caught with a leaping effort. Pendleton passed Sanders on the bases for the second out, but umpire Bob Davidson called Sanders safe after he scampered back to second base. Replays showed that Toronto third baseman Kelly Gruber tagged him on the heel before he returned to second.[20]

text: In 1997, Sanders finished 2nd in the NL with 56 stolen bases in 115 games while with the Cincinnati Reds before leaving baseball for three years.

text: Sanders returned to the Reds in 2001, but was released after playing in only 29 games and batting just .173. Following his release from the Reds he signed a minor league contract with the Toronto Blue Jays triple-A affiliate, Syracuse Chiefs. Sanders was hitting .252 for Syracuse before the Washington Redskins found a loophole in his contract which compelled him to return to the Redskins. His football contract had been negotiated to allow for Sanders to play both baseball and football, but the terms of the contract stated that Sanders could miss NFL training camp and the first few games of the season only if he were playing Major League Baseball. Since he was not then on an MLB roster, Sanders had to leave Syracuse and return to the Redskins so he would not violate his NFL contract. But before arriving at training camp, Sanders informed Redskins personnel he was retiring from professional baseball. In his final professional baseball game, Sanders hit a solo home run and an RBI single in Syracuse's 12-6 win over the Toledo Mud Hens.[21] As those in MLB and the NFL urged Sanders to concentrate on only one sport, he would often explain, "football is my wife and baseball is my mistress."[22]

text: Professional football career[edit]

text: This section of a biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Draft and Atlanta Falcons[edit]

text: At the 1989 NFL Scouting Combine, Sanders ran a 4.27[23] second 40-yard dash. [24] He was the fifth pick overall in the 1989 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons,[25] where he played until 1993. Despite fumbling (and recovering) his first NFL punt return (which was re-kicked on a penalty), Sanders ran for a touchdown on his second attempt of his first game. During his time in Atlanta, he intercepted 24 passes (including a career-high 7 in 1993), three of which he returned for touchdowns. In 1992, he also led the league in kickoff return yards (1,067), yards per return (26.7) and return touchdowns (2). On October 11, 1992, Sanders played in a Falcons game in Miami and then flew to Pittsburgh, hoping to play in the Braves' League Championship Series game against the Pirates that evening and become the first athlete to play in two professional leagues in the same day.[19] Sanders ultimately did not, however, appear in the baseball game that night.[19][26] Over his five years with the Falcons, Sanders scored ten touchdowns (three defensive, three kick returns, two punt returns, and two receptions).

text: San Francisco 49ers[edit]

text: After five seasons Sanders signed on to play the 1994 season with the San Francisco 49ers, where he had arguably his best season as a professional football player, recording six interceptions and returning them for an NFL-best and a then-NFL record 303 yards and three touchdowns. Two of his interceptions were returned for a gain of at least 90 yards, making him the first player to do this in NFL history. On October 16, 1994, Sanders made his dramatic return to the Georgia Dome in a 49er uniform. After getting into a scuffle with his former Falcon teammate Andre Rison, Sanders intercepted a pass from quarterback Jeff George and returned it 93 yards while mockingly staring down the entire Falcons sideline before high-stepping into the end zone. Sanders was later voted the 1994 NFL Defensive Player of the Year and recorded an interception in the 49ers 49–26 victory over the San Diego Chargers in Super Bowl XXIX, earning him his first championship ring.

text: Dallas Cowboys[edit]

text: Following his successful season with the 49ers, Sanders, along with his agent Eugene Parker, courted numerous teams in need of a cornerback. The several teams in the "Deion Sweepstakes", as it was called by the media, were the Philadelphia Eagles, Oakland Raiders, Miami Dolphins, New Orleans Saints, San Francisco 49ers and the Dallas Cowboys, who had lost their starting cornerback Kevin Smith to injury for the rest of the season.

text: On September 9, 1995 (which fell in Week 2 of that NFL season), Sanders signed a lucrative contract with the Dallas Cowboys (seven years, $35 million with a $12.999 million signing bonus, because owner Jerry Jones was superstitious of the number 13),[27] essentially making him, at the time, the highest-paid defensive player in the NFL. Sanders later stated in his book Power, Money & Sex: How Success Almost Ruined My Life that the Oakland Raiders offered him more money than any other team, but he chose to play in Dallas for more time on the offensive side of the ball, a chance to win back-to-back Super Bowls, and because of his friendship with Cowboys wide receiver Michael Irvin. Arthroscopic surgery kept him sidelined until his debut in Week 9, which was once again in Atlanta against the Falcons; the Cowboys won, 28-13. He went on to help the Cowboys win their third title in four years in Super Bowl XXX against the Pittsburgh Steelers, where he returned a punt for 11 yards and caught a 47-yard reception on offense, setting up Dallas' first touchdown of the game and a 27–17 victory. Sanders played four more seasons with Dallas, earning Pro Bowl selection in all of them. On June 2, 2000, he was released in a salary cap move.[28]

text: Washington Redskins[edit]

text: Soon after being released by the Cowboys, the Washington Redskins and Daniel Snyder signed Sanders to a hefty $56 million, 7-year contract.[29] At the end of the 2000 season and an above-average statistical year, Sanders abruptly retired after only playing one year with the Redskins.

text: Baltimore Ravens[edit]

text: In 2004, Sanders announced that he was going to end his retirement, after being lured back to football by Ravens cornerback Corey Fuller, linebacker Ray Lewis and best friend Joe Zorovich. A major reason for doing so was to play with Ray Lewis. He signed a 1-year deal with the Baltimore Ravens to be a nickelback. Sanders chose to wear the number 37, which matched his age at the time, to preemptively let people know that he was well aware of his relative senior status as an NFL player (additionally, the number 21, used by Sanders throughout his career, was already being worn by Ravens Pro Bowl cornerback Chris McAlister). Against the Buffalo Bills in Week 7 of 2004, Sanders scored his ninth career interception return touchdown, moving him into a tie for second place with Ken Houston and Aeneas Williams, and behind Rod Woodson (with 12) for all-time in the statistical category.

text: In January 2006, after playing two seasons as a corner and safety for Baltimore in which the Ravens did not qualify for the postseason, Sanders once again retired from the NFL and became an analyst for the NFL Network.

text: Legacy[edit]

text: During his 14-year NFL career, Sanders was a perennial All-Pro and one of the strongest pass defenders ever to play the game. However, he was also known for being a relatively poor tackler and not much of a factor in run support.

text: Sanders also occasionally lined up with his team's offense. During the 1996 season, Sanders skipped the baseball season, concentrating on football, and attended the first NFL training camp of his career to better familiarize himself with the nuances of the wide receiver position. He became only the second two-way starter (after the Cardinals' Roy Green) in the NFL since Chuck Bednarik for the first half of the season due.

text: Sanders is the only man to play in both a Super Bowl and a World Series,[19] to hit an MLB home run and score an NFL touchdown in the same week, and to have both a reception and an interception in the Super Bowl. He is one of two players to score an NFL touchdown six different ways.[30]

text: During his career, Sanders intercepted 53 passes for 1,331 yards (a 25.1 yards per return average), recovered four fumbles for 15 yards, returned 155 kickoffs for 3,523 yards, gained 2,199 yards on 212 punt returns, and caught 60 passes for 784 yards. Sanders amassed 7,838 all-purpose yards and scored 22 touchdowns: nine interception returns, six punt returns, three kickoff returns, three receiving, and one fumble recovery. His 19 defensive and return touchdowns was an NFL record (now held by Devin Hester with 20 return touchdowns).  In the postseason, Sanders added 5 more interceptions, as well as 3 receptions for 95 yards, 4 carries for 39 yards, and two touchdowns (one rushing and one receiving). He was selected to eight Pro Bowls and won the NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award in 1994.

text:
College Football News named Sanders #8 in its list of 100 Greatest College Football Players of All-Time.
The Sporting News named Sanders #37 in their Top 100 Football Players of the Century released in 1999.
ESPN named Sanders #74 in its list of the 100 Great Athletes of the Century released in 1999.
NFL.com named Sanders #34 on NFL's Top 100 list released in late 2010
On November 11, 2010, Sanders was inducted into the Atlanta Falcons' Ring of Honor.
On February 5, 2011, Sanders was announced as a Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee in his first year of eligibility.
On May 17, 2011, Sanders was announced as a College Football Hall of Fame inductee.
On August 6, 2011, Sanders was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.[31]

tag: ul

text: Sanders also had a rushing TD in the playoffs (against the Philadelphia Eagles in January 1996). This makes him (including post season) one of only two players in NFL history (Bill Dudley being the other) to score a touchdown six different ways (interception return, punt return, kickoff return, receiving, rushing, and a fumble recovery).

text: On February 6, 2011, at Super Bowl XLV in Arlington, Texas, Sanders performed the pre-game coin toss.

text: Sanders did not attend classes or take final exams during the fall semester of his senior year at Florida State, yet played in the Sugar Bowl against Auburn.  This caused the Florida State Legislature to create the 'Deion Sanders rule', whereby a football athlete at any state university could not play in a bowl game if he failed to successfully complete the previous semester.[32]

text: In 1995, he signed with the Dallas Cowboys for a minimum yearly base salary and a nearly $13 million signing bonus in an attempt to circumvent the NFL's salary cap. This caused the NFL to institute its own 'Deion Sanders rule' whereby a prorated portion of a player's signing bonus counted against the salary cap.

text: Media appearances and pop culture fame[edit]

text:
Sanders became known for sporting a "do-rag" or bandana and for his high-stepping into the end zone followed by his touchdown dance celebrations.
At the end of his Hall of Fame speech, he put a bandana on his bust.[33]

text: His "Prime Time" nickname was given to him by a friend and high-school teammate, Florida Gators defensive back Richard Fain. The two played pickup basketball games together during the prime time television hour, and Sanders' athletic display during those games earned him the nickname.  His other nickname is "Neon Deion".[34]

text: Following his first Super Bowl victory with the San Francisco 49ers, Sanders hosted Saturday Night Live, broadcast on February 18, 1995.

text: In January 1995, Sanders became the official spokesman of the Sega Sports line of video games.[35] Sanders has also appeared in television commercials for such companies as Nike, Pepsi, Burger King, Pizza Hut, and American Express. These included a Road Runner  Pepsi ad, with Sanders as Wile E. Coyote, and a Pizza Hut commercial in which he appeared with Dallas Cowboys owner Jerry Jones. He also makes a cameo as himself in the film Celtic Pride.

text: Sanders, known for his custom-made showy suits and flashy jewelry, frequently capitalized on his image. On December 26, 1994, Sanders released Prime Time, a rap album on Bust It Records (MC Hammer's label, of whom Sanders is a friend) that featured the singles "Must Be the Money" and "Prime Time Keeps on Tickin'". The album was universally panned by critics, and despite Sanders' fame, neither the album nor its singles charted in the Top 40.

text: Sanders also appeared in Hammer's "Too Legit to Quit" music video, and his alter-ego "Prime Time" showed up in Hammer's "Pumps and a Bump" video. Hammer, a big sports fan, had launched a new enterprise during his career called Roll Wit It Entertainment & Sports Management and boasted such clients as Evander Holyfield, Deion Sanders and Reggie Brooks.[36] In 1995, Hammer released "Straight to My Feet" (with Deion Sanders) from the Street Fighter soundtrack (released in December 1994). The song charted #57 in the UK.

text: After retiring from the NFL, Sanders worked as a pre-game commentator for CBS' The NFL Today until 2004, when contract negotiations failed. Sanders turned down a 30% salary increase demanding to be paid $2.5 million, the highest of any NFL TV analyst. He was replaced by Shannon Sharpe. During Sanders' run, he participated in several sketches. The first was "Primetime and 21st", a mock street corner where Sanders (not yet a regular panelist) would give his opinions. Another was his "Sanders Claus" persona, one of numerous sketches that involved young kids in football jerseys, representing NFL players, receiving a sarcastic gift from Sanders. Deion actually debuted as "Sanders Claus" in a set of Nike commercials. Sanders still takes presents at Christmas time to local children's hospitals in his area dressed as "Sanders Claus".[citation needed]

text: Sanders frequently made guest appearances on ESPN, especially on the ESPN Radio Dallas affiliate, and briefly hosted a show called The New American Sportsman. He also hosted the 2002 Miss USA pageant.

text: Sanders also was co-host of the 2004 GMA Music Awards broadcast, taped in late April 2004, and slated for air on UPN in May 2004. When negotiations with fellow Viacom property CBS failed (see above) two weeks before the broadcast, and he signed a deal with ESPN, UPN promptly canceled the broadcast, and the show aired on the i Network in December 2004 (both UPN and CBS are now owned by CBS Corporation).

text: Sanders works at NFL Network as an analyst on a number of the network's shows. Prior to the Sunday night game, Sanders, alongside host Rich Eisen and Steve Mariucci, breaks down all the action from the afternoon games on NFL GameDay. At the conclusion of all the action on Sunday, Sanders, Mariucci, Michael Irvin and host Fran Charles recap the day's action with highlights, analysis and postgame interviews. For the 2010 season, Sanders joined Eisen, Mariucci and Marshall Faulk on the road for Thursday Night Kickoff presented by Lexus, NFL Network's two-hour pregame show leading into Thursday Night Football. The group broadcasts live from the stadium two hours prior to all eight live Thursday Night Football games and returns for the Sprint halftime show and Kay Jewelers postgame show. Sanders also has a segment called "Let's Go Primetime" on NFL Network.

text: In 2008, Sanders and his wife starred in the reality show Deion & Pilar: Prime Time Love, centering on them and their five children living in the small town of Prosper, Texas.

text: Sanders appeared as himself in the fourth season of The League, playing a prospective buyer of Andre's apartment.[37]

text: In 2014, Sanders was featured in an episode of Running Wild with Bear Grylls, where he and Grylls hiked in the desert of southern Utah for two days, rappelling down canyon walls and later climbing up a mesa.[38]

text: Sanders served as an alumni captain for Team Sanders in the 2014 Pro Bowl.[39]

text: In 2014, he rejoined CBS Sports as a studio analyst for Thursday games only. He still works for the NFL Network on Sundays.

text: Sanders and his girlfriend Tracey Edmonds were featured together on an episode of Tiny House Nation that first aired on January 21, 2017.[40]

text: Other business and entertainment ventures[edit]

text: In addition to his sports career, Sanders also had a career in music as a rapper. He released his debut album, Prime Time, through Hammer's Bust It Records label via Capitol Records, in 1994.

text: Sanders moved on to other ventures after his retirement. In 2003, Sanders took interest in Devin Hester, a return specialist from Miami. Sanders mentored Hester, counseling and advising him during various points of his collegiate career. The Chicago Bears drafted Hester in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft. Since then, Hester has broken the record for the most total returns for touchdowns in NFL history with 15 punt returns and 5 kick off returns. Hester has cited Sanders as one of his major inspirations and idols, and thanked him for his training and advice. Hester, also known as "Anytime", occasionally performs Sanders' signature touchdown dance and high-steps in homage to his mentor.[41][42][43]

text:
Sanders also tried to adopt a high school running back, Noel Devine, who was one of the top recruits in 2007. Sanders was advised against this, but responded, "He doesn't have parents; they died. God put this young man in my heart. This is not about sports. This is about a kid's life." He now mentors Devine, and was a factor in Devine's extended wait to sign a letter-of-intent to West Virginia University. Devine eventually signed to play football for the Mountaineers.
Sanders has also been a mentor to Baltimore Ravens wide receiver Michael Crabtree, as well as former Dallas Cowboys wide receiver, Dez Bryant.

text: In January 2004, Sanders was hired as an assistant coach to the Dallas Fury, a women's professional basketball team in the National Women's Basketball League, even though Sanders had never played organized basketball either in college or the professional level.[44]

text:
On September 2, 2005, in response to the after-effects of Hurricane Katrina, Sanders challenged all professional athletes in the four major sports to donate $1,000 each to relief efforts, hoping to raise between $1.5 and $3 million total. Sanders said "Through unity, we can touch thousands....I have friends and relatives that feel this pain. Help in any way you can."[citation needed]
In April 2006, Sanders became an owner of the Austin Wranglers, an Arena Football League team.[45]

text: Sanders has occasionally served as a celebrity spokesperson, such as representing Monitronics, a security system firm, at an industry conference in the spring of 2010.[46]

text: In 2012, he co-founded Prime Prep Academy, a grouping of charter schools in Texas. The school was plagued by ethical, legal, and financial issues, and closed on January 30, 2015, due to financial insolvency.

text: Discography[edit]

text:
Year

Album

Chart Positions

US Hip-Hop

US Heatseekers

1994

Prime Time

70

14

2005

The Encore Remix

—

—

"—" denotes the album failed to chart or not released

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Sanders has been married twice — to Carolyn Chambers (1989–1998), with whom he has two children (Deion Jr. and Deiondra), and Pilar Biggers-Sanders (1999–2013) with whom he has three children (Shilo, Shelomi Golenzer and Shedeur).[citation needed]

text: Sanders, along with J.M. Black, published his autobiography, Power, Money & Sex: How Success Almost Ruined My Life. World Publishing 1998. The book was inspired after he began counseling with Bishop T.D. Jakes. He notes his agent Eugene E. Parker as another person who influenced his life.

text: He appeared with his family on the NBC show Celebrity Family Feud which premiered on June 24, 2008.

text: On September 22, 2011, he served Pilar Biggers-Sanders with divorce papers. He then backed away from the story and denied he and Pilar would be divorcing. By December 17, 2011, he had followed through with filing for divorce.[47] On March 12, 2013, he was awarded primary custody of his two sons, Shilo and Shedeur, and Pilar was awarded primary custody of their daughter Shelomi.[48] However, one week later, a judge awarded custody of Shelomi to him as well.[49] During the divorce battle, Pilar made several accusations of abuse against him on social media and in interviews, leading him to file a Defamation of Character lawsuit against her. In 2015, he seemed to have won when the court awarded him a $2.2 million judgment against his ex-wife in the case.[50] However, in August, 2017, on appeal the case went against him.  [51]

text:
Sanders is presented as a devout Christian speaker with a fee range of
$30,001-$50,000.[52] He has been in a relationship with Tracey Edmonds since 2012.[53][40]

text: Sanders has made an effort to coach at several different stops. His first being with the charter school Prime Prep Academy in 2012 which he helped found, but was later fired as the coach after a school staffer alleged Sanders assaulted the staffer. Sanders denied the claim and the charter school later shut down in 2015 due to financial mismanagement. In 2015, Sanders was named the CEO of FOCUS Academies and granted the head coaching position at the Triple A Academy where Sanders led them to face his alma mater North Fort Myers high school in Florida and featured a key matchup between several ranked recruits. [54]. On August 17, 2017 it was announced by CBS Sports that Deion Sanders would be switching coaching positions at a new high school to become the offensive coordinator at Trinity Christian-Cedar Hill high school in Cedar Hill, Texas. The move was significant for Sanders as both his sons play at the high school. Sanders will serve on the staff as offensive coordinator under former Dallas Cowboy Aveion Cason.[55]


document_title: List of countries by system of government

question_text: what type of government is the us system

text: List of countries[edit]

text: UN member states and observers[edit]

text:
Name
Constitutional form
Head of state
Basis of executive legitimacy

 Afghanistan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Albania
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Algeria
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Andorra
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Angola
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Antigua and Barbuda
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Argentina
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Armenia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Australia
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Austria
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Azerbaijan
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Bahamas, The
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Bahrain
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Bangladesh
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Barbados
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Belarus
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Belgium
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Belize
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Benin
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Bhutan
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Bolivia
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Botswana
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Brazil
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Brunei
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 Bulgaria
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Burkina Faso
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Burundi
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Cambodia
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Cameroon
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Canada
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Cape Verde
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Central African Republic
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Chad
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Chile
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 China, People's Republic of
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 Colombia
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Comoros
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Congo, Democratic Republic of the
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Congo
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Costa Rica
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Côte d'Ivoire
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Croatia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Cuba
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 Cyprus
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Czech Republic
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Denmark
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Djibouti
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Dominica
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Dominican Republic
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 East Timor
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Ecuador
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Egypt
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 El Salvador
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Equatorial Guinea
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Eritrea
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 Estonia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Ethiopia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Federated States of Micronesia
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Fiji
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Finland
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 France
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Gabon
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Gambia, The
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Georgia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Germany
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Ghana
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Greece
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Grenada
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Guatemala
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Guinea
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Guinea-Bissau
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Guyana
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Haiti
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Honduras
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Hungary
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Iceland
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 India
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Indonesia
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Iran
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Iraq
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Ireland
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Israel
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Italy
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Jamaica
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Japan
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Jordan
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Kazakhstan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Kenya
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Kiribati
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Korea, North
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 Korea, South
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Kuwait
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Kyrgyzstan
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Laos
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 Latvia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Lebanon
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Lesotho
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Liberia
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Libya
n/a
n/a
No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime

 Liechtenstein
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Lithuania
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Luxembourg
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Macedonia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Madagascar
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Malawi
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Malaysia
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Maldives
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Mali
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Malta
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Marshall Islands
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Mauritania
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Mauritius
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Mexico
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Moldova
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Monaco
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Mongolia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Montenegro
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Morocco
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Mozambique
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Myanmar
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Namibia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Nauru
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

   Nepal
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Netherlands
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 New Zealand
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Nicaragua
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Niger
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Nigeria
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Norway
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Oman
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 Pakistan
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Palau
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Palestine
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Panama
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Papua New Guinea
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Paraguay
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Peru
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Philippines
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Poland
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Portugal
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Qatar
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 Romania
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Russia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Rwanda
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Saint Lucia
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Samoa
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 San Marino
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 São Tomé and Príncipe
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Saudi Arabia
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 Senegal
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Serbia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Seychelles
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Sierra Leone
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Singapore
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Slovakia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Slovenia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Solomon Islands
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Somalia
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 South Africa
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 South Sudan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Spain
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Sri Lanka
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Sudan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Suriname
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Swaziland
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 Sweden
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

  Switzerland
Republic
Executive
Presidency is elected by legislature; ministry may be, or not be, subject to parliamentary confidence

 Syria
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Tajikistan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Tanzania
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Thailand
n/a
n/a
No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime

 Togo
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Tonga
Constitutional monarchy
Executive
Monarch personally exercises power in concert with other institutions

 Trinidad and Tobago
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Tunisia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Turkey
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Turkmenistan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Tuvalu
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Uganda
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Ukraine
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 United Arab Emirates
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 United Kingdom
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 United States
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Uruguay
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Uzbekistan
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Vanuatu
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

  Vatican City
Absolute monarchy
Executive
All authority vested in absolute monarch

 Venezuela
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Vietnam
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 Yemen
n/a
n/a
No constitutionally-defined basis to current regime

 Zambia
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Zimbabwe
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

text: Note that Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Mauritania are Islamic Republics.

text: Unrecognized states[edit]

text: The following states control their territory and are recognized by at least one UN member state.

text:
Name
Constitutional form
Head of state
Basis of executive legitimacy

 Abkhazia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 China, Republic of
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Cook Islands
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Kosovo
Republic
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Niue
Constitutional monarchy
Ceremonial
Ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Northern Cyprus
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Republic
Executive
Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement

 South Ossetia
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

text: The following states/governments control their territory, but are not recognised by any UN member states.

text:
Name
Constitutional form
Head of state
Basis of executive legitimacy

 Artsakh
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Somaliland
Republic
Executive
Presidency is independent of legislature

 Transnistria
Republic
Executive
Presidency independent of legislature; ministry is subject to parliamentary confidence

text: Map[edit]

text: Legend[edit]

text:
Presidential republics with a full presidential system

  Presidential republics with a semi-presidential system

  Parliamentary republics with an executive presidency dependent on the legislature

  Parliamentary republics with a ceremonial/non-executive president, where a separate head of government leads the executive

  Constitutional monarchy with a ceremonial monarch, where a separate head of government leads the executive

  Constitutional monarchy which have with a separate head of government, but where royalty still hold significant executive and/or legislative power

  Absolute monarchy

  Countries where the dominant role of political party is codified in the constitution

  Countries in which constitutional provisions for government have been suspended (e.g. military dictatorship)

  Countries which do not fit any of the above systems (e.g. transitional government or unclear political situations)

  No government

text: Note: this chart represent de jure systems of government, not the de facto degree of democracy. Several states constitutionally republics, broadly appear as authoritarian states.

text: Systems of governance[edit]

text: Italics indicate states with limited recognition.

text: Presidential/Separated republics[edit]

text: These are systems in which a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states:

text: Full presidential systems[edit]

text: In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. There is generally no prime minister, although if one exists, in most cases, he or she serves purely at the discretion of the president (with the exceptions being Belarus and Kazakhstan, where the prime minister is effectively the head of government).[1][2]

text: Presidential systems[edit]

text:
Afghanistan
 Angola
 Argentina
 Artsakh
 Bolivia
 Brazil
 Burundi
 Chile
 Colombia
 Comoros
 Costa Rica
 Cyprus
 Dominican Republic
 Ecuador
 El Salvador
 Gambia, The
 Ghana
 Guatemala
 Honduras
 Indonesia
 Kenya
 Liberia
 Malawi
 Maldives
 Mexico
 Nicaragua
 Nigeria
 Palau
 Panama
 Paraguay
 Philippines
 Seychelles
 Sierra Leone
 Somaliland
 South Sudan
 Turkmenistan
 United States
 Uruguay
 Venezuela
 Zambia
 Zimbabwe

text: Presidential systems with a prime minister[edit]

text:
Belarus
 Benin
 Cameroon
 Central African Republic
 Chad
 Djibouti
 Gabon
 Guinea
 Equatorial Guinea
 Guyana
 Ivory Coast
 Kazakhstan[2]
 Korea, South
 Rwanda
 Sudan
 Tajikistan
 Tanzania
 Togo
 Uganda
 Uzbekistan

text: Semi-presidential systems[edit]

text: In semi-presidential systems, there is always both a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the president has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but the role of a head of government may be exercised by the prime minister.

text: President-parliamentary systems

text:
Abkhazia
 Azerbaijan
 Congo
 Guinea-Bissau
 Mauritania
 Mozambique
 Namibia
 Palestine
 Peru
 Russia
 Senegal
 South Ossetia
 Syria
 Taiwan (Republic of China)
 Transnistria

text: Premier-presidential systems

text:
Algeria
 Armenia
 Burkina Faso
 Cape Verde
 Congo, Democratic Republic of the
 East Timor
 France
 Georgia
 Haiti
 Lithuania
 Madagascar
 Mali
 Mongolia
 Niger
 Northern Cyprus
 Poland
 Portugal
 Romania
 São Tomé and Príncipe
 Sri Lanka
 Tunisia
 Ukraine

text: Parliamentary republics[edit]

text: A parliamentary republic is a system in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The president's degree of executive power may range from being reasonably significant to little (e.g. India), to only having certain limited reserve powers (e.g. Ireland) or none at all. Where the president holds little executive power, his or her function is primarily that of a symbolic figurehead.

text:
Albania
 Austria
 Bangladesh[3]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina[4]
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Czech Republic
 Dominica
 Estonia
 Ethiopia
 Fiji
 Finland[5]
 Germany
 Greece
 Hungary
 Iceland
 India
 Iraq
 Ireland
 Israel
 Italy
 Kosovo
 Kyrgyzstan
 Latvia
 Lebanon
 Macedonia
 Malta
 Mauritius
 Moldova
 Montenegro
   Nepal
 Pakistan
 Serbia
 Singapore
 Slovakia
 Slovenia
 Somalia
 Trinidad and Tobago
 Turkey
 Vanuatu

text: Mixed republican systems[edit]

text: A combined head of state and government is elected by the legislature, however they are not subject to parliamentary confidence during their term (although their cabinet may be); the exceptions are South Africa, where the president may be forced to resign by the Parliament's will,[6] and Kiribati, where the president is popularly elected and a successful parliamentary motion of no confidence automatically triggers a new presidential election.

text:
Botswana[7]
 Marshall Islands[7]
 Federated States of Micronesia[8]
 Kiribati
 Myanmar[8]
 Nauru[7]
 San Marino[9]
 South Africa
 Suriname[8]
  Switzerland[8][10]

text: Directorial systems[edit]

text: In the directorial system a council jointly exercises both state functions and governmental powers (the council is the collective head of state and government). The council is elected by the parliament, but it is not subject to political confidence during its term which has a fixed duration.

text: Constitutional monarchies[edit]

text: These are systems in which the head of state is a constitutional monarch; the existence of their office and their ability to exercise their authority is established and restrained or held back by constitutional law.

text: Constitutional monarchies with ceremonial monarchs[edit]

text: Systems in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government. In some cases the prime minister is also leader of the legislature, in other cases the executive branch is clearly separated from legislature although the entire cabinet or individual ministers must step down in the case of a vote of no confidence.[11][12][dubious – discuss] The head of state is a constitutional monarch who normally only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government, the people or their representatives.

text:
Andorra[13]
 Antigua and Barbuda[14]
 Australia[14]
 Bahamas[14]
 Barbados[14]
 Belgium
 Belize[14]
 Cambodia
 Canada[14]
 Cook Islands[14][15]
 Denmark
 Grenada[14]
 Jamaica[14]
 Japan
 Lesotho
 Luxembourg
 Malaysia
 Netherlands
 New Zealand[14]
 Niue[14][15]
 Norway
 Papua New Guinea[14]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis[14]
 Saint Lucia[14]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[14]
 Samoa
 Solomon Islands[14]
 Spain
 Sweden
 Tuvalu[14]
 United Kingdom[14]

text: Constitutional monarchies with active monarchs[edit]

text: The prime minister is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at their own discretion.

text:
Bahrain
 Bhutan
 Jordan
 Kuwait
 Liechtenstein
 Monaco
 Morocco
 Tonga
 Thailand

text: Absolute monarchies[edit]

text: Specifically, monarchies in which the monarch's exercise of power is unconstrained by any substantive constitutional law.

text:
Brunei
 Oman
 Qatar
 Saudi Arabia
 Swaziland
 United Arab Emirates[16]
  Vatican City[17]

text: Theocracies[edit]

text: States based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy.

text:
Andorra[18]
 Iran[19]
  Vatican City[17]

text: One-party states[edit]

text: States in which political power is by law concentrated within one political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy (as opposed to states where the law establishes a multi-party system but this fusion is not achieved anyway through electoral fraud or simple inertia). However, some do have elected governments.

text:
China, People's Republic of (Communist Party leads the United Front) (list)
 Cuba (Communist Party) (list)
 Eritrea (People's Front for Democracy and Justice) (list)
 Korea, North (Workers' Party leads the Democratic Front) (list)
 Laos (People's Revolutionary Party leads the Front for National Construction) (list)
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Polisario Front) (Politics of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic)
 Vietnam (Communist Party leads the Fatherland Front) (list)

text: Military junta states[edit]

text: The nation's military control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy.

text: Thailand (constitutional monarchy)

text: Transitional[edit]

text: States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and are classified with the current direction of change.

text:
Burkina Faso (semi-presidential system)
 Egypt (semi-presidential system)
 Eritrea (presidential system)
 Libya (provisional government)
 Yemen (provisional government)

text: Systems of internal governance[edit]

text: Federal[edit]

text: States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments. The central government may or may not be (in theory) a creation of the regional governments.

text:
Argentina (23 provinces and one autonomous city: Buenos Aires)
 Australia (six states and three territories)
 Austria (nine states)
 Belgium (three regions and three linguistic communities)
 Bosnia and Herzegovina (two entities and one district)
 Brazil (26 states and the Federal District)
 Canada (ten provinces and three territories)
 Comoros (Anjouan, Grande Comore, Mohéli)
 Ethiopia (nine regions and two chartered cities)
 Germany (16 states)
 India (29 states and seven union territories)
 Iraq (18 governorates and one region: Kurdistan)
 Malaysia (13 states and three federal territories)
 Mexico (31 states and one federal district: Mexico City)
 Federated States of Micronesia (Chuuk, Kosrae, Pohnpei and Yap)
   Nepal (seven provinces)
 Nigeria (36 states and one federal territory: Federal Capital Territory)
 Pakistan (4 provinces, 2 autonomous areas and 2 territories)
 Russia (46 oblasts, 22 republics, nine krais, four autonomous okrugs, three federal cities, one autonomous oblast)
 Saint Kitts and Nevis (Saint Kitts, Nevis)
 South Sudan (ten states)
 Sudan (17 states)
  Switzerland (26 cantons)
 United Arab Emirates (seven emirates)
 United States (50 states, one incorporated territory, and one federal district: District of Columbia)
 Venezuela (23 states, one capital district and one federal dependency)

text: Unitary states[edit]

text: Regionalised unitary states[edit]

text: States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional authorities.

text:
Bolivia (9 regions, of which 9 are autonomous)
 China, People's Republic of (22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 province-level municipalities, 2 special administrative regions, and 1 claimed province)
 China, Republic of (2 provinces, 6 special municipalities, 33 claimed provinces, 3 claimed special administrative regions, 2 regions, 12 claimed special municipalities, 14 leagues, and 4 special banners.)
 France (18 regions, of which 6 are autonomous)
 Indonesia (34 provinces, of which 5 provinces have special status)
 Italy (20 regions, of which 5 are autonomous)
 Kingdom of the Netherlands (4 constituent countries)
 Philippines (one autonomous region subdivided into 5 provinces and 113 other provinces and independent cities grouped into 17 other non-autonomous regions)
 Portugal (2 autonomous regions)
 Spain (17 autonomous communities, 15 communities of common-regime, 1 community of chartered regime, 3 chartered provinces, 2 autonomous cities)
 Tanzania (21 mainland regions and  Zanzibar)
 Ukraine (24 oblasts, 2 cities with special status, and  Crimea)
 United Kingdom (4 constituent countries, 3 devolved administrations)

text: Confederation[edit]

text: European Union[edit]

text: The exact political character of the European Union is debated, some arguing that it is sui generis (unique), but others arguing that it has features of a federation or a confederation. It has elements of intergovernmentalism, with the European Council acting as its collective "president", and also elements of supranationalism, with the European Commission acting as its executive and bureaucracy.[20] But it is not easily placed in any of the above categories.[citation needed]