document_title: List of Indiana Jones characters

question_text: who was the female lead in indiana jones

question_tokens: who was the female lead in indiana jones

text: List of Indiana Jones characters

text: Introduced in Raiders of the Lost Ark[edit]

text: Indiana Jones[edit]

text: Dr. Henry Walton Indiana Jones, Jr. (Harrison Ford), the titular character of the franchise, is an archaeologist and college professor who leads a double life as a globe-trotting fortune hunter seeking out rare antiquities. "Indiana" is a nickname he adopted from childhood; it was the name of his pet dog. Wearing a fedora and armed with a revolver and a whip, Indiana is regularly confronted by villains, booby traps, and snakes, of which he is deathly afraid. Actors who have portrayed Indiana at different ages include River Phoenix, Corey Carrier, Sean Patrick Flanery, and George Hall.

text: Satipo[edit]

text: Satipo (Alfred Molina) is a guide accompanying Indy in the temple in the film's opening. He follows behind him through the temple's traps on the way in. When Indy and Satipo reach a pit on the way out, Satipo makes it over with Indy's whip and Indy is stuck on the other side. Indy throws over the fertility idol to Satipo, who offered to throw him his whip for it; but he betrays Indy, dropping the whip and fleeing. In his haste, he forgot to mind the wall trap he had witnessed Indy test and is killed; Indiana makes it out.

text: In an early script of the film, written by Lawrence Kasdan, Satipo flees the boulder with Indy, only to be met with Barranca's ultimate fate in the finished film and killed by the Hovito tribe, but the script was scrapped.

text: He appears in the video game Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine (1999) in the secret level "Return to Peru", where Indiana returns to the same temple and finds the second idol.

text: His name is based in a Peruvian town, Satipo in Satipo Province in Junín Region.

text: Jock Lindsey[edit]

text: Jock Lindsey (Fred Sorenson) is an American freelance pilot. Jock cut his teeth as a stunt pilot performing in Midwest airshows and relocated to Venezuela after a rumored flight-related tragedy. He frequently was hired by Jones to fly the archaeologist to remote parts of the world. Easygoing and affable, Jock butted heads with Indiana on only one subject: his pet snake Reggie. According to the novelization of Raiders of the Lost Ark written by Campbell Black (1981), Jock is Scottish. The "Jock Lindsey's Hangar Bar" cocktail lounge at Disney Springs says he settled down in central Florida in 1938.

text: Barranca[edit]

text: Barranca (Vic Tablian) is the other Peruvian guide who turns against Indiana. When Barranca draws a revolver, Indy uses his famous bullwhip and wraps the whip around the gun. The gun is yanked from Barranca's hand and lands in a stream. Barranca then runs away but is later killed with poisonous darts by the Hovitos tribe.

text: In the early script of the film, written by Lawrence Kasdan, when Barranca pulls his gun out on Jones, the archaeologist uses his whip to make Barranca shoot himself, but the script was scrapped.

text: Like Satipo, his name is based on a Peruvian town and county, Barranca, Barranca Ward, Barranca County, Lima state.

text: René Belloq[edit]

text: Dr. René Emile Belloq (Paul Freeman) is a French archaeologist who takes credit for Indiana's findings by following his exploits and then securing the artifacts after Indiana completes efforts to initially retrieve it. In the film's opening, Belloq and the Hovitos tribesmen force Indiana to hand over a fertility idol he has braved numerous booby traps to obtain. Belloq aids the Nazis in finding the Ark of the Covenant, as he wants to use the relic to speak with God. The spirits within the Ark kill Belloq and the Nazis when it is opened, allowing Indiana to take the Ark back to the United States government. At one point in the film, Belloq says to Indy that they are very much alike and that he is Indy's "shadowy reflection".

text: The novelization of the movie reveals Belloq became Indiana's foe at graduate school, when he plagiarized his essay on stratigraphy, thus winning an award that rightfully belonged to Indiana. Another encounter in 1934 is detailed, when Indiana spends months preparing a dig in Rub' al Khali, only to arrive and discover Belloq has excavated the region.[1] Indiana also encounters Belloq in two novels by Max McCoy, set before the films, where the two meet for the first time (contradicting the novelization of Raiders of the Lost Ark) and Belloq gives Indiana information for locating a crystal skull.[2][3]

text: Belloq's first name was Emile in an August 1979 draft of the script,[4] and Marion was originally more infatuated with him.[5] Spielberg considered Jacques Dutronc and Giancarlo Giannini for the part before casting Freeman: he noticed that he had very piercing eyes while watching Death of a Princess.[6] Belloq was intended to appear in the prequel Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, but was written out for unknown reasons.[7] He was set to appear in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, but the show was canceled before his third season: he and the 21-year-old Indiana would have become friends in Honduras in 1920, although his ruthless traits would be exhibited by stealing and selling a crystal skull to F. A. Mitchell-Hedges. He would have aided Indiana and Percy Fawcett in Brazil in an episode set in 1921.[8] He was also intended to appear in the canceled Dark Horse Comics limited series Indiana Jones and the Lost Horizon, where he appears in the prologue discovering a fake Turin Shroud in New York City in 1926.[9]

text: In an early script of Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, called Indiana Jones and the City of the Gods, written by Frank Darabont, the Nazis were set to appear seeking revenge of Belloq and Toht's death, but the script was rejected.

text: Kenner released a 3.75" action figure (dressed in Jewish robes) in late 1982, which was available by mail order until 1983.[10] A Belloq figure in normal clothes was also released in 1983.[11] He was included in a TSR, Inc. collection of metal miniatures the following year.[12] Hasbro released a 3 ¾" Belloq in Jewish robes in 2008 (which comes with the fertility idol).[13][14] An Adventure Heroes figurine, which comes with the Ark and a murderous spirit, will also be released.[15] Lego made a Belloq figure for a playset based on the Raiders opening sequence.[16]

text: Lawrence Kasdan, the writer of Raiders, was the original choice for the role of Belloq, but he declined.

text: Marcus Brody[edit]

text: Marcus Brody (Denholm Elliott) is an academic and curator who has known Indy since he was a child. Brody was friends with Indy's father, Henry Sr., and served as something of a surrogate father figure, as Indy did not get along well with his own father. In the film, Brody makes a deal with government agents that Indy will recover the Ark of the Covenant and put it in a museum, but the agents put it away in a top secret hiding place (Hangar 51), much to his disappointment. He reappeared in The Last Crusade (1989), aiding Indiana on the search for his father and getting captured by the Nazis. In 1940, Marcus Brody retired as curator of the National Museum and accepted a position as Dean of Students at Marshall College. After he died in 1952, Indy lobbied hard for the bronze statue of Brody featured in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull on the Marshall College grounds. The statue of Brody lists his years of service as Dean of Students from 1939 to 1944.[17] Denholm Elliot's death in 1992 was written into Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull with the death of his character.

text: Spielberg cast Elliott in the role because he was a fan of the actor. His return in Crusade was motivated by the director's desire to have the film hew closer to Raiders. He was initially portrayed in the first film as a knowledgeable, accomplished archaeologist in his own right, with much apparent field work under his belt, and tells Indy that he would accompany him on his quest but for other responsibilities. By the third film in the series, his character had changed to a somewhat bumbling figure who Indy mentions had gotten lost in his own museum and provided much of the film's comic relief.[18] Brody has also appeared in Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis, the Marvel Comics Indiana Jones series, a Young Indiana Jones book[19] and the Bantam novels series.

text: Marion Ravenwood[edit]

text: Marion Ravenwood (Karen Allen) had an affair with Indiana in 1926, which ended abruptly when her father Abner Ravenwood (Jones' mentor) discovered their romance. Ten years later, a resentful Marion is forced to aid Indiana in retrieving the Ark of the Covenant after her bar in Nepal is burned down by Arnold Ernst Toht and his thugs. Marion was a regular supporting character in the Marvel Comics series set after the film, and Allen reprised the role for Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull in 2008.

text: In the early script of the film, written by Lawrence Kasdan, Marion was set to be a prostitute after Abner's death, but George Lucas rejected the script.

text: According with Steven Spielberg, Marion was set to appear in the prequel Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, along her father Abner, but George Lucas scrapped the idea. During the development of Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, an early draft, called Indiana Jones and the Saucermen from Mars, written by Jeb Stuart, Marion was set to appear in the wedding of Indy and Dr. Elaine McGregor, alongside Sallah, Short Round, and Willie Scott, but the draft was rejected. In other early script, titled Indiana Jones and the City of the Gods, written by Frank Darabont, Marion was set to appear again as Indy's partner, but this draft was also scrapped.

text: In 2008, Allen expressed interest in reprise her role of Ravenwood in the upcoming fifth movie.

text: Debra Winger was the original choice for portray Ravenwood, but she declined.

text: Arnold Ernst Toht[edit]

text: Major Arnold Ernst Toht (Ronald Lacey) is the Gestapo agent who attempts to steal the medallion from Marion, but his hand is badly burned by it, as it had been engulfed in flames prior to his grabbing it. The scarred inscription on his hand is used by the Nazis to pinpoint the Ark's location, but as his hand lacks the code on its other side, they end up digging in the wrong area. His face melts after he is exposed to the supernatural powers of the Ark; in the novelization Toht dies when Gobler's car flies off a cliff. In a sequel comic book, Indy is confronted by his vengeful sister Ilsa.[20]

text: Toht was called Belzig in the August 1979 draft of the script.[4] Spielberg wanted him to be a cyborg, with a metal arm that could transform into a flamethrower and machine gun.[5] The 1979 script gave him a light in place of a right eye.[4] Lucas rejected these as too far-fetched.[5] Lacey was cast as Toht, as he reminded Spielberg of Peter Lorre.[18] Klaus Kinski turned down the role, as he hated the script.[21] Lacey later made a cameo appearance in The Last Crusade as Heinrich Himmler, opposite Michael Sheard (who auditioned for Toht) as Adolf Hitler.[22]

text: In an early script of Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, titled Indiana Jones and the City of the Gods, written by Frank Darabont, the Nazis were set to appear seeking revenge for Toht and Belloq's death, but the script was rejected.

text: A 3.75-inch figure was released in late 1982,[10] and he was part of a metal miniature collection in 1984.[12]

text: Herman Dietrich[edit]

text: Oberst Herman Dietrich (Wolf Kahler) is the arrogant Wehrmacht commander of the Tanis project. He was chosen by Hitler because of his ruthless efficiency. He expresses doubt over Belloq's desire to perform a "Jewish ritual" with the Ark. He also calls Captain Katanga a "savage", due to the captain hinting at selling Marion Ravenwood into slavery. He is killed when the Ark is opened, the sheer heat shrinking his head.

text: In the early script of the film, written by Lawrence Kasdan, Dietrich's surname was Herman Shliemannn, and also, he was set to survive during the Ark of the Covenant's opening. After this, he was set to chase (along other surviving Nazis) Marion and Indy in a mine car chase. However, the script was scrapped and the mine car chase was recycled for Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.

text: The only piece of Dietrich merchandise has been a 1984 metal miniature.[12] The DK Indiana Jones guide established his first name in the index.[23]

text: Sallah[edit]

text: Sallah Mohammed Faisel el-Kahir[19] (John Rhys-Davies) is a burly Egyptian excavator and a friend of Indiana. He reappeared in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. He also appeared in a Marvel comic,[20] a Young Indiana Jones book (which detailed his first meeting with Indiana in 1913), and two Bantam novels.[24][25][26]

text: In Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, Sallah doesn't appear physically, but he appears in a photo in Indy's office. In an interview of TheForce.net, Davies told that Steven Spielberg offered him to return as Sallah in a cameo, but he declined. During the development of Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, an early draft titled Indiana Jones and the Saucermen from Mars, written by Jeb Stuart, Sallah was set to appear in the wedding of Indy and Dr. Elaine McGregor, along with Marion Ravenwood, Short Round, and Willie Scott, but the draft was scrapped. In February 20, 2016, Davies expressed interest in reprise his role of Sallah in the upcoming fifth movie.

text: Danny DeVito was the original choice to portray Sallah, but he declined. Also, Kevork Malikyan tried to portray Sallah, but he did not (however, he portrayed Kazim in Last Crusade).

text: Cairo Swordsman[edit]

text: The Cairo Swordsman (Terry Richards) appears when Marion is being kidnapped by Nazi forces. The entire crowd moves aside when the swordsman appears, swinging his scimitar and coercing Indiana into a battle. Jones sighs, pulls out his revolver and shoots him, causing the crowd to burst into cheers. The gag came about because Harrison Ford was suffering from dysentery and did not want to spend three days filming a "conventional" fight. On the first take, Richards "took a minute-and-a-half to die", so on the next take, Ford shot him so quickly that Richards fell over in surprise. Ford would later say he felt sorry for Richards because "he worked so hard on that swordplay".[27]

text: Richards felt "it turned out to be the funniest thing in the film", and was surprised he was not cut out of the picture.[28] Many, including Lucas, disliked the brutality of the gag,[29] and Richards concurred the joke was very morbid.[28] Nevertheless, it was placed 38th on Empire's Top 50 film gags list,[29] and it is one of Spielberg's favorite scenes in the series.[27] Kenner released a 3.75" figure of the swordsman in 1982.[10] Walt Disney Parks & Resorts released a figurine of the swordsman in a box set in January 2001 (to scale with the Micro Machines vehicles models),[30] and a 4.5" figure in August 2003.[31] In 2008, Hasbro released a 3 ¾" action figure,[13] an Adventure Heroes figure,[16] and a 12" figure.[32]

text: Gobler[edit]

text: Major Gobler (Anthony Higgins) is a German major of the military contingent attached to the Tanis project. He is personally chosen by Hitler due to his ruthlessness and efficiency. Gobler is strict whereas Dietrich is practical. He dies when the truck driven by Jones rams his car, sending it flying off a cliff.

text: Simon Katanga[edit]

text: Simon[23] Katanga (George Harris), is a friend of Sallah and the captain of the Bantu Wind, a tramp steamer Indiana and Marion use to transport the Ark to the United States. When his ship is boarded by the Nazis, he covers for them by claiming he killed Indiana and intends to sell Marion for a sexual purpose; Colonel Dietrich believes him and calls him a savage. He reappears in a Marvel Comics sequel, where Indiana bails him from a Panama City jail after being charged with rum-running. Katanga and his crew take Indiana to the Aleutian Islands, where they are attacked by pirates, who commandeer the Bantu Wind. Following a battle, Katanga regains his ship.[33]

text: Abner Ravenwood[edit]

text: Abner Ravenwood is Marion's father and an unseen character. He was Indiana's mentor at the University of Chicago, but the two split in 1926 when Indiana had an affair with the teenage Marion. The Ark of the Covenant was his lifelong obsession, and he owned the headpiece to the Staff of Ra, which could pinpoint its location. He is said to be dead when Indiana and the Nazis come to Nepal (where the Ravenwoods live) in 1936, to use it to find the Ark at Tanis. The novelization details he died in an avalanche in 1936.[1]

text: In Marvel Comics' The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones, it is hinted that Abner is alive when Indiana and Marion travel to the fictitious city Ra-Lundi to free its people from the power of a meteorite: Indiana is briefly aided by a masked man.[34] Abner is in the back-story to a gamebook, where he lost an ebony dove from Malakula after being chased off by the island's inhabitants in 1927; five years later Indiana and his cousin must retrieve it.[35] A supplement to a role-playing game said that Abner studied under Franz Boas, and disliked the British for their "armchair anthropology", in which they made assumptions about other cultures based on reports instead of exploring themselves.[36]

text: Abner was set to appear along his daughter Marion in Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom, but George Lucas scrapped the idea. In the early scripts of Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Fedora was intended to be Abner, but the idea was rejected. Abner was intended to appear in the canceled third season of The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, when a ten-year-old Indiana meets him searching for the Ark on the Temple Mount.[8] The canceled Dark Horse Comics limited series Indiana Jones and the Lost Horizon was going to depict him and Indiana recovering the headpiece to the Staff of Ra in Tibet in 1926. Artist Hugh Fleming modeled Abner's appearance on actor Wilford Brimley, and the series would explain that Abner taught Indiana to behave cynically with others, so that they would not think he was crazy if he mentioned his encounters with the supernatural.[9] The character was also intended to appear in the 2003 video game Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb (set in 1935, before Temple of Doom) but the developers of the game deemed his role as Indy's partner "too unwieldy".[37]

text: Introduced in Temple of Doom[edit]

text: Willie Scott[edit]

text: Wilhelmina "Willie" Scott (Kate Capshaw) is an American singer working at Club Obi Wan (which's name is a reference to the Star Wars character Obi-Wan Kenobi) in Shanghai who is caught up in Indiana's adventures and becomes his love interest in the film. Unlike Marion, she is more of a damsel in distress. The novelization details Willie was born in Missouri to a wealthy family, and moved to Shanghai as she was unable to break into Hollywood during the Great Depression. She also claims to know Al Capone (whom Indy met in 1920) and Frank Nitti. She returns to the United States following her adventure.[38] Spielberg liked the character of Willie:

text: "Willie has led this pampered life and feels that's what's due her — to be cared for and looked after. She meets Indiana Jones, a person unlike anyone she has ever been involved with, and ends up going off with him. In the course of all their adventures, all of her earlier life is stripped away from her, and Willie must fall back on her own resources. She discovers that she is a very strong woman, a gutsy lady. Willie is a much different character than the woman Karen Allen played in Raiders."[39]

text: In Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, she doesn't appear physically, but appears in a photo in Indy's office. In an early script of the film, called Indiana Jones and the Saucermen of Mars, written by Jeb Stuart, Willie was set to appear in Indy and Dr. Elaine McGregor's wedding, along with Sallah, Short Round, and Marion Ravenwood, but the script was rejected. In another early script, titled Indiana Jones and the City of the Gods, written by Frank Darabont, Scott was set to be mentioned by Indy, but this other script was also rejected.

text: Willie was named after Spielberg's dog. Spielberg wanted Willie to be a complete contrast to Marion, so Capshaw dyed her brown hair blonde for the part.[6] Spielberg married Capshaw in 1991.[18] A Willie figure was made by LJN in 1984, but was never released,[40] although an unpainted metal miniature of her was made for a TSR, Inc. collection that year. She has appeared in two Lego sets: Shanghai Chase, and The Temple of Doom.

text: Sharon Stone and other 120 women were considered for the role of Scott, but they declined.[citation needed]

text: The character has received largely negative reviews, due to her whiny personality, constant need to be rescued and the fact that (unlike Marion Ravenwood and Elsa Schneider) she's unnecessary to the story outside of being a love interest.

text: Lao Che[edit]

text: Lao Che (Roy Chiao) is a Chinese gangster who promises Indiana a diamond in return for the ashes of Nurhaci. Indiana Jones recovers the ashes of Nurhaci, but Che sends a member of his gang to steal the urn while Indiana is sleeping; Indiana breaks the fist of the member and then shows up to Club Obi Wan to make the exchange; Che gives him the diamond and takes the urn, but instead poisons him and offers the poison's antidote in exchange for returning the diamond. Indiana gives him the diamond but Lao Che refuses and begins a gunfight. Indiana, Short Round, and Willie Scott (who he threatened for the antidote) escape with the antidote and leaves Shanghai unknowingly on a plane owned by Lao Che. Che orders the pilots to parachute out of the plane in hopes of killing Indiana when the plane crashes, but Indiana deploys a raft and lands safely on the ground. Che has two sons, Kao Kan and Chen, the latter of whom is killed by Indiana when Che and Indiana meet for the exchange, getting impaled by a skewer of pigeon flambé. In the Bantam novel Indiana Jones and the Dinosaur Eggs,[2] Indiana meets Lao Che for the first time in 1933 at a nightclub he owns in Shanghai.

text: Before the death of Roy Chiao, Steven Spielberg was planning to return Che in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, but he declined the idea after Chiao's death in 1999. Also, Ric Young, the actor that portrayed Kao Kan, expressed interest in reprise his role of Kan in the movie, but he declined after Roy's death.[citation needed]

text: Wu Han[edit]

text: Wu Han (David Yip), allies with Indiana during his battle with Lao Che. He is killed by Chen. Max McCoy's prequel novel Indiana Jones and the Dinosaur Eggs detailed Wu first met Indiana in 1914, during his trip to China with his father. Years later, he is studying political science when his parents and sister die in an influenza outbreak. Their ashes wind up in the possession of Che, who uses the promise of a proper burial to force Wu into servitude. In 1933, Indiana meets Wu in Shanghai on his way to Mongolia, and steals his family's ashes from Che, securing his old friend's freedom. Indiana inspires him to study archaeology upon his return to school.[2] Wu also aids Indiana in the 2003 video game Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb, set just before Temple of Doom. He regularly arranges Jones's transportation.[41]

text: Short Round[edit]

text: Short Round (Jonathan Ke Quan) An eleven-year old taxicab driver in Shanghai, Short Round was orphaned when the Japanese bombed Shanghai in 1932; he helps Indiana escape from Lao Che.

text: He is essential in freeing Indiana and Pankot's Maharaja from Mola Ram's psychic control. The novelization explains that Short Round was born Wan Li (Chinese: 萬麗) in 1924. Despite attending a Christian school, he respects Chinese mythology, and believes that the baby elephant that transports him in India is a reincarnation of his brother Chu. He immigrates to the United States with Jones following his adventure.[38] In the film, Short Round is frequently heard speaking the Cantonese dialect of Chinese (despite being born in Wu dialect-speaking Shanghai), as well as English.

text: In an early script of the Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, called Indiana Jones and the Saucermen from Mars, written by Jeb Stuart, Short Round (now an adult) was set to appear in the wedding of Indy and Dr. Elaine McGregor, alongside Sallah, Marion Ravenwood, and Willie Scott, but the script was scrapped by George Lucas and Steven Spielberg.

text: Short Round was named after Temple of Doom screenwriters Willard Huyck and Gloria Katz's dog.[18] Lucas's initial idea for Indiana's sidekick was a virginal young princess, but Huyck, Katz and Spielberg disliked the idea.[42] The character's name may also have been a homage to the early Samuel Fuller film The Steel Helmet, in which a young Korean boy of the same name acts as a guide for the protagonist. Around 6,000 actors auditioned worldwide for the part: Quan was cast after his brother auditioned for the role. Spielberg liked his personality, so he and Ford improvised the scene where Short Round accuses Indiana of cheating during a card game.[6] Quan had a martial arts instructor to help him on set.[18]

text: The character cameoed in an issue of Marvel Comics' The Further Adventures of Indiana Jones, rescuing Indiana from a pirate attack in the Caribbean, before he returns to boarding school.[43] The Lost Journal of Indiana Jones, published in 2008, detailed Short Round becoming an archaeologist and tracked down the Peacock's Eye (the diamond from Doom's opening sequence) to Niihau.[44]

text: He also appeared in the non-canonical crossover story in Star Wars Tales, where he and Indiana discover the remains of Han Solo in the crashed Millennium Falcon in the Pacific Northwest.[45] A Short Round action figure was planned by LJN in 1984, but was never released.[40] However, an unpainted metal miniature of him was released by TSR that year.[12] He appears in the 2009 Lego sets Shanghai Chase and The Temple of Doom.

text: Empire named Short Round as their sixteenth favorite element of the films, explaining "you could argue that Shortie is the real hero of Temple of Doom – while the titular relic hunter is off searching for fortune and glory, it's Short Round's moral compass that keeps the adventure on the right track".[46] In 2008 a poll conducted by movietickets.com to coincide with the release of Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, named Short Round "favorite Indy sidekick".[47]

text: The brother of Jonathan Ke Quan was considered for the role of Round, but he declined.

text: Chattar Lal[edit]

text: Chattar Lal (Roshan Seth) is the Prime Minister of Pankot and personal representative and chief advisor of Maharaja Zalim Singh. He graduated from Oxford and speaks English with a pronounced accent as a result, and also knows well Indiana's reputation. Like Indiana he was apparently forced to drink the Blood of Kali by Mola Ram, controlling him, and the young Maharaja. During the attempted sacrifice of Willie Scott, Lal is injured by Indiana when he gets caught in the wheel used to lower victims into the lava pit. He is last seen crawling away and collapsing, but disappears after this. It is unknown if he escaped.

text: In an early script of the film, Lal was set to have a more important role, but the script was rejected. In other early script, Lal was intended to be killed by Indy throwing him into the lava pit, but the script was scrapped.

text: In the novelization, Chattar Lal is thrown into the lava pit while in the film he is injured but he doesn't die, whereas in Lego Indiana Jones: The Original Adventures, he is blown apart by a blast of heat caused by Indy and Short Round.

text: Zalim Singh[edit]

text: Maharaja Zalim Singh (Raj Singh) is the ruler of Pankot Palace. He is a young boy, probably a year or two older than Short Round. Despite considering the Thuggee an evil cult and vowing that they would never return, it is revealed that Singh is an unwilling member, having been forced to drink the Blood of Kali. During Indiana's fight against the chief Thuggee guard, Singh hinders Indiana by using a voodoo doll. He is stopped by Short Round, who burns him with a torch, releasing him from the Black Sleep of Kali. He atones for his crimes by telling Short Round how he, Indiana, and Willie can escape from the mines. He also apparently alerts British troops about the recent events, as he is seen among them when they arrive to battle the Thuggee after Mola Ram's death.

text: In an early script of the film, Singh was set to have a more important role, but the script was scrapped.

text: Mola Ram[edit]

text: Mola Ram (Amrish Puri) is the Thuggee high priest. He has made Pankot Palace his lair and wants to use the five Sankara Stones to set up the reign of Kali. To that end, Mola Ram enslaves the children of a village that had one of the Stones (the taking of it bringing his total to three). They mine for the other two and for gems to fund his cause in catacombs underneath the palace. He also brainwashes people, including local politicians and royalty, with the "blood of Kālī Ma"—a magic potion—to make them devout followers (unless they are exposed to extreme pain, such as a burn). Indiana eventually confronts Mola Ram over a nearby gorge, calling on the power of Shiva to use the Stones against the evil cleric, who is burned by them and falls into the river where he is devoured by crocodiles. In the novelization, Ram's death is the same but he returns to normal when he burns his hand on the stone; Indy tries to pull him to safety but Ram falls to his death.

text: Mola Ram is named after an 18th-century Indian painter.[citation needed] Lucas wanted Mola Ram to be terrifying, so Huyck and Katz added elements of Aztec and Hawaiian human sacrificers, and European devil worship, to the character.[42] To create his headdress, make-up artist Tom Smith based the skull on a cow (as this would be sacrilegious) with a latex shrunken head. Puri was chosen as Spielberg and Lucas did not want to cast a European actor and apply dark make-up.[39] In the role, Puri resembles Eduardo Ciannelli, who played the cult leader in Gunga Din, an inspiration on the film.[48]

text: In an early script of the movie, the burning Sankara Stones actually release Mola Ram from the same "Black Sleep of the Kali Ma" he inflicts on Jones before falling to his death, hinting that he may not have been in control of his actions. It was also intended that Mola Ram, after falling from the bridge, be killed by landing on the embankment below, followed by the crocodiles tearing apart his corpse. However, this script was scrapped and rejected.

text: A 6-inch action figure and an unpainted metal miniature of Mola Ram was released in 1984.[12][40] In 2008, Hasbro released several Mola Ram items as part of their Indiana Jones toy line, including a 3 3⁄4-inch action figure, an Adventure Heroes figure, and a Mighty Muggs figure.[49] A "One Coin" (caricature) figure of Mola, standing 1.97" (5 cm) was released in Japan in 2008.[50]

text: Chief Guard[edit]

text: The Chief Guard (Pat Roach) was the commander of Mola Ram's Thuggee guards and also helped oversee the enslaved children in the mines that were under Pankot Palace in 1935. He was a very ruthless, coldhearted man. At the end he has a big fight with Indiana Jones and died in a machine.

text: Captain Phillip Blumburtt[edit]

text: Captain Phillip Blumburtt (Philip Stone) is a British Indian Army officer who commands troops of the 11th Poona Rifles, is frequently sent to inspect Pankot Palace on behalf of the British government. He is alerted to the evil of Pankot Palace apparently by Little Maharajah to deal with the remaining Thuggees, his men kill them so Indy and Willie can escape.

text: In an early draft of the film, Blumburtt was set to have a more important role, but the draft was rejected.

text: David Niven was considered to play the role of Blumburtt, but died before production, so Philip Stone from The Shining, then Delbert Grady, caught Spielberg's eye and was cast instead.

text: Introduced in The Last Crusade[edit]

text: Herman Mueller[edit]

text: Herman Mueller (J. J. Hardy) is Indiana's fellow Boy Scout in the 1912 prologue, who brings Indiana to the Sheriff's attention after his battle with outlaws for the Cross of Coronado. He reappears as Indiana's sidekick in the English and French Young Indiana Jones novels, which introduces his archaeologist father Herman Senior.[51][52][53][54]

text: Garth[edit]

text: Garth, also known as Fedora (Richard Young), is a treasure hunter who appears in the 1912 prologue. Garth is the leader of a treasure hunter gang who find the Cross of Coronado which is stolen by a teenage Jones. Garth and his men pursue Jones by car and follow him on a train. Garth saves Jones' life when Jones falls into a lion car and then tries to reclaim the cross. Jones escapes with the cross and runs home. However Garth gets the Moab sheriff on their side and Jones is told to give the cross back. Garth however consoles Jones, admiring the young man's attempts to claim it. He then gives Jones his fedora before walking out.

text: In an early draft of the film, Fedora was intended to be Dr. Abner Ravenwood, but the draft was scrapped and rejected.[citation needed]

text: Sheriff[edit]

text: The Sheriff (Marc Miles) is, as the name implies, the local law enforcement official in Moab, Utah. The Sheriff has no mentioned name. The Sheriff is first mentioned when Indiana Jones instructs Herman to find the Sheriff and alert him that grave robbers are digging in a cave in Arches National Park. Herman does what he says bringing the Sheriff to the Jones residence. Indiana hands the Sheriff the cross of Coronado and tells him that there were "five or six of them." The Sheriff takes the cross and tells Jones that Panama Hat and his gang were the rightful owners of the cross, calling Fedora & his gang as witnesses to prove it, and he will not press charges against Jones if he gives the cross back. He hands the cross to Fedora who sells it to Panama Hat. He then bids Indiana farewell with a tip of his hat before walking out.

text: Henry Jones, Sr.[edit]

text: Dr. Henry Walton Jones, Sr. (Sean Connery) is Indiana's estranged father, who was distant from his son due to his obsessive study of the Holy Grail and its possible location. Kidnapped by Nazis in 1938, his son rescues him and in the process of racing the Nazis to the Grail's location, they become closer. Alex Hyde-White stood in for Connery in the film's 1912 prologue, and the character was played by Lloyd Owen in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles, which showed his anger at his son running away to fight in World War I. He also appeared in the Young Indiana Jones novels and the graphic novel Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny (set in 1945). At the time of the events of Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull in 1957, it appears the elder Dr. Jones has already died in 1951.[17]

text: Walter Donovan[edit]

text: Walter Donovan (Julian Glover) is an American businessman who desires the Holy Grail in order to achieve immortality. He secretly works with the Nazis, and sends both Indiana and his father on the search for the Grail without their knowledge of his ties to Germany. He shoots Henry and forces Indy to clear the traps for him. After Indy does so, Donovan and Elsa follow him into a room filled with cups, one of which is the Grail. Elsa purposefully chooses a false grail—a bejeweled gold cup—for Donovan, but when he drinks from it, his body crumbles to dust in seconds.

text: Glover enjoyed playing the part because of the character's ambiguous nature:

text: "What would you do, if you had the chance of having eternal life? That's quite a question. Where would you draw the line? People say [Donovan] was a Nazi, he wasn't a Nazi, he joined the Nazi Party in order to investigate its property, and he bloody nearly got that. Only because he was greedy did he [fall]. This is an advice for you [the viewer]: always choose the pewter cup. It applies to everything. An allegory for life."[55]

text: In an early script of the film, Walter's surname was set to be Walter Chandler, and he was set to die in Hatay, when the Nazi tank fall off a cliff (a fate that which would later go to Ernst Vogel), but the script was scrapped and changed.

text: Isla Blair, Glover's wife, cameoed as Mrs. Donovan in the scene where he and Indiana discuss the Holy Grail. The in-joke was conceived by one of the producers.[56]

text: Panama Hat[edit]

text: Panama Hat (Tim Hiser and Paul Maxwell) is a minor villain who appears in the prologue of the film. He hired grave robbers to dig up the Cross of Coronado, which is immediately stolen by a teenage Jones. A horse chase and pursuit on board a circus train follow. Indy escapes, returns to his home, and attempts to talk to his father, who rebuffs him. The Sheriff arrives with Panama Hat's men, and Indy is forced to give the Cross back. Panama Hat is seen taking back the cross and handing a stack of money to the gang.

text: In 1938 Jones steals the Cross again, this time on a ship, but is caught. He struggles with the villain's men and gets the cross back. Indy jumps off the ship as a giant fuel drum rolls wildly, falling directly onto a crate of TNT. The crate explodes, causing the entire ship to blow and killing Panama Hat and his crew.

text: In the novelization of the story, it is stated that Indiana's final showdown with Panama Hat began because he got word from a worker of the villain that his boss had an affair with his wife and he wanted revenge. Jones realized it was a set-up and was told by Panama Hat that he had been hit badly by the Great Depression and was auctioning the cross off to wealthy buyers. He got one deal from a buyer with a provision that said he had to kill Jones. Indy would later suspect the buyer was Walter Donovan.

text: Elsa Schneider[edit]

text: Dr. Elsa Schneider (Alison Doody) is an Austrian archaeologist who desires the Grail, and like Donovan, keeps her involvement with the Nazis a secret. She is revealed to have seduced both Joneses, Henry first and then Indiana. Later, she deliberately picks a false grail for Donovan to eliminate competition, and watches him decay before her eyes. Afterwards, she crosses the temple's seal with the Grail, causing the temple to collapse and her to drop the Grail as well as nearly falling into a chasm. Indy catches her, but she sees the Grail on a shelf of rock and greedily reaches for it despite Indy's warnings. She overreaches and Indy loses his grip on her, causing her to fall to her death. According to Doody, Elsa's role as a femme fatale was an attempt to distance the character from Willie Scott.[57]

text: In an early script of the film, Elsa was going to be the one who shot Henry Jones, Sr. in the Holy Grail Temple, and she was set to die after drinking from the False Grail (a fate that which would later go to Walter Donovan), but the script was scrapped and changed.

text: IGN placed Elsa 33rd on their list of the best bad girls in film in 2008,[58] while Empire noted Doody "achieved the unlikely feat of making a Nazi sympathiser sympathetic".[46]

text: Kazim[edit]

text: Kazim (Kevork Malikyan) is the leader of the Brotherhood of the Cruciform Sword, an ancient organization protecting the secrets of the Holy Grail. Kazim initially attempts to kill Indy and Elsa during a spectacular boatchase in Venice, but after recognizing Indy does not want the Grail for selfish purposes, gives him the location of his father. Kazim later leads an attack on the Nazi convoy heading for the Grail's location, but is killed. When Kazim dies, it was intended that Elsa step away and see her hands covered in blood (as a homage to The Man Who Knew Too Much), but Spielberg was unsatisfied with each take.[57] Malikyan was once in the running for the part of Sallah in the first film, but traffic made him late to the audition.

text: In the early script of the film, written by Jeffrey Boam, Kazim was set to be an agent of Hatay, named Kemal, seeking the Holy Grail and an ally of the Nazis. Also, he was set to die after drinking from the False Grail (a fate that which would later go to Walter Donovan), but the script was rejected and changed.

text: Vogel[edit]

text: Standartenführer Ernst Vogel (Michael Byrne), also known as Herr Oberst (German for Colonel), is an SS officer who aids Donovan in finding the Holy Grail. His main objective is to kill the Joneses- whom he hates because Indy killed 3 of his men in Castle Grunewald- on direct orders from Adolf Hitler. Vogel discovers Jones Sr. on a German zeppelin bound for Athens, but Indiana throws Vogel out the window just as the zeppelin is taking off. Later, Vogel and Donovan are heading towards the location of the Grail when Indiana ambushes their convoy. Indy and Vogel struggle on the back of a tank until it goes over a cliff. Vogel is killed in the ensuing crash.

text: In the early scripts of the movie, Vogel actually makes it to the Holy Grail Temple, and was set to be killed crushed by a rock while trying to steal the Grail. Later, his death was changed to that of being beheaded by the Holy Grail Temple's traps (a fate that which would later go to a Hatayan soldier), but the scripts were scrapped and changed.

text: Julian Glover was the original choice for portray Vogel, but Robert Watts suggested him for Walter Donovan's role.

text: Grail Knight[edit]

text: The Grail Knight (Robert Eddison) was the youngest knight of 3 brothers set out to find the Holy Grail. In the late eleventh century, he and his two brothers (Richard and a third sibling) became Knights of the First Crusade. During their journeys in the Holy Land, they discovered the Holy Grail and protected it at the Temple of the Sun in the Canyon of the Crescent Moon for 150 years, using the Grail's power to extend their lifespans. Chosen to remain as the Grail's sole guardian because he was the bravest and most worthy, his two brothers traveled back to Europe, leaving behind two markers leading to the Grail's location. The Knight lived in a side chamber off of the inner sanctuary of the Temple of the Sun, and had a book to read by firelight.

text: In 1938, Indy enters the sanctuary. There the knight tries to fight him to determine who should protect the grail but falls from the weight of his own sword. Gracious in defeat, the knight tries to pass on the responsibility of protecting the grail to Jones. He is interrupted by the arrival of Walter Donovan and Elsa Schneider. Donovan asks which of the cups is the Grail. The knight refuses to tell Donovan saying that they must choose as a final test, also warning them that any of the false grails will take their lives. Donovan drinks from a golden jewel-encrusted grail, chosen for him by Elsa, but crumbles into dust within seconds. The knight sympathetically said Donovan "chose poorly." Indy on the other hand selects a wooden grail (the cup of a carpenter) and is told he had "chosen wisely."

text: The knight warns them that if they take the Holy Grail past the great seal they will forfeit their immortality. Elsa Schneider ignores the warning and falls into a chasm created by an earthquake. The knight is last seen waving goodbye to Indy as the temple collapses.

text: In the early scripts of the film, the Grail Knight was set to fight with Indy, but the script was scrapped and changed. However, this idea was used in the level "Temple of the Grail" of Lego Indiana Jones: The Original Adventures.

text: Introduced in The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles[edit]

text: Anna Jones[edit]

text: Anna Mary Jones (Ruth de Sosa) is the mother of Indiana Jones. Very little had been established about the character prior to production, so de Sosa was allowed to create many aspects of the character, in addition to the basics that had been established by Lucas.[59]

text: In the series, Indiana is shown to have a strong relationship with his mother, whom he calls "the sweetest, smartest, most wonderful woman who ever lived".[60] In the unaired episode "Florence, May 1908" (later released as part of The Adventures of Young Indiana Jones: The Perils of Cupid), Anna briefly has an affair with composer Giacomo Puccini. She also reveals she is from Virginia.[61] Although it is explained she died of scarlet fever in the series,[62] it is contradicted in new footage shot for the 1999 re-edit, where Indiana explains she died of influenza.[63] In The Lost Journal of Indiana Jones, it is stated that Anna died on March 3, 1912, aged 33 years.

text: She was first mentioned in passing in Raiders of the Lost Ark; Indy remarks Brody "sound[s] just like my mother" when discussing the dangers of finding the Ark. In Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Indy's father Henry does mention that her death drove him and his son apart. Indy does believe that his mother "never understood" his father's obsession with the Holy Grail, though Henry says she supported him fully.

text: Previously, the 1989 computer game, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade: The Graphic Adventure, came with a replica of Henry's diary which had named her Mary.[64] More recent publications, such as the Lost Journal of Indiana Jones, rectify this by making Mary her middle name.

text: Remy Baudouin[edit]

text: Remy Baudouin (Ronny Coutteure) is a Belgian who becomes the comrade-in-arms and best friend to the young Indiana Jones during World War I. He meets the 16-year-old Indy in Mexico while fighting under Pancho Villa: he joined the Villistas because his Mexican wife Lupe had been murdered by the Federales. After seeing newsreel footage of the devastation of his country by the Germans in World War I, Remy resolves to return to Europe to join the Belgian army and defend his homeland, and Indy decides to join him.[60] After fighting on the Western Front and being wounded, Remy wearies of life in the trenches and transfers with Indy to the Belgian forces fighting in Africa. They later transfer together to the secret service.

text: Helen Seymour[edit]

text: Miss Helen Seymour (Margaret Tyzack) is Indiana's tutor during his father's worldwide lecture tour from 1908 to 1910. Miss Seymour had taught Henry Jones, Snr. at the University of Oxford.[60] In one of the final episodes broadcast in 1996, she dies just before Indiana returns to visit her in Oxford after the war has ended. Her maid gives him her final letter, in which she urges him to finish his education and reconcile with his father.[65]

text: In a comic book adaptation of the first episode, it is explained she dislikes her old classmate T. E. Lawrence due to their divided religious beliefs (her father was a minister).[66] Seymour also appears in three books based on the series. In one, she inherits a fortune, and is courted by a Colonel (whom Indiana is suspicious of) aboard the RMS Titanic.[53][67][68]

text: T. E. Lawrence[edit]

text: A fictionalized version of T. E. Lawrence has a recurring role in the series. He first appeared in the pilot episode, Young Indiana Jones and the Curse of the Jackal, and appears or is mentioned multiple times throughout the series. Lawrence is portrayed by Joseph Bennett and Douglas Henshall.

text: Gray Cloud[edit]

text: Gray Cloud, a friend and sidekick of Indiana Jones, circa 1950. He is played by Saginaw Grant. He enlists Indy's help in 1950 when an ancient pipe is stolen from his tribe; a deadly chase through the snowy mountains of Wyoming ensues. Indy eventually retrieves the pipe for Gray Cloud.[69]

text: Introduced in Kingdom of the Crystal Skull[edit]

text: Mac[edit]

text: George "Mac" McHale[44] (Ray Winstone) is an anti-hero who is a friend with Jones. He is a spin on Sallah and Belloq.[70] Mac served in MI6 during World War II, working with Indiana (who worked for the Office of Strategic Services).[71] Writer David Koepp said Mac represents the confusion of the Cold War, with Winstone concurring "figuring out who you were working for and who you were working against must have been crazy".[72] Mac's look was inspired by a photo of Ernest Hemingway wearing boots, so Winstone was told to tuck his pants into his boots and "rock" them throughout the film.[72] Mac calls himself a "capitalist", and frequently makes his decision based upon what he gets in return. Mac is also extremely greedy, enthusiastic to accompany Indy to Akator, a "city of gold", and expresses clear frustration when Akator doesn't turn out to be what he expected, calling the venture a "waste of [his] time." Mac is eventually sucked into a vortex created by aliens to another dimension. It is not clear whether Mac is dead or simply in another dimension. However, some fans do agree that Mac letting go of Indy's whip was an uncharacteristically selfless act of sacrifice, letting the group go on instead of wasting time trying to save him.

text: Mac reappeared in the novel Indiana Jones and the Army of the Dead. Set after the second World War, he and Indiana battle German and Japanese agents, a voodoo priest and legions of the undead for the Heart of Darkness, an object made of pearl and ebony in Haiti.[73]

text: Irina Spalko[edit]

text: Colonel Dr. Irina Spalko (Cate Blanchett) is a Soviet agent born in a small village in the eastern regions of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, she was believed by those in her village to be a witch as her apparent psychic powers began to manifest themselves through animal control. An impressed Joseph Stalin inducted her into researching psychic warfare, awarding her with the Hero of Socialist Labor twice and the Order of Lenin three times.[23] She is skilled in fencing and hand-to-hand combat and is Indiana's main antagonist as she brings the crystal skull to Akator to utilize the power there for her country's militant purposes. Her desire for knowledge proved her undoing when the crystal skull entity grants her desire to know everything, overloading her mind and causing her to disintegrate as her scattered essence is teleported to another dimension.

text: Frank Marshall said Spalko continued the tradition of Indiana having a love–hate relationship "with every woman he ever comes in contact with".[74] Blanchett had wanted to play a villain for a "couple of years" before being cast.[75] Spalko was modeled on Marlene Dietrich,[72] while her bob cut was George Lucas' idea and was inspired by Louise Brooks.[71]

text: In an early script of the film, Spalko was set to fight with Williams in a real virgin jungle, but the idea was scrapped because of the risks.

text: Uma Thurman was considered for the role of Spalko, but she declined.

text: Antonin Dovchenko[edit]

text: Colonel Antonin Dovchenko (Igor Jijikine) leads a company of Soviet soldiers to aid Spalko on the quest for the crystal skull. He is ruthless and despises weakness. Dovchenko is large in stature and a brutal hand-to-hand combatant. The character is a tribute to the muscular henchman Pat Roach played in the first three films.[72] He fights Indiana several times until Indy finally beats him and his dazed body gets carried off and eaten alive by siafu ants in the jungle. Hasbro released 3 ¾" and 12" action figures as well as an Adventure Heroes model,[76][77][78] and is available in two Lego playsets.[79]

text: General Ross[edit]

text: General Bob Ross (Alan Dale) was an American general who Indiana Jones befriended during the second World War. In 1957, after Jones was coerced by Soviet agents to find alien remains in Hangar 51, he was trapped in Doom Town and barely survived. During his subsequent interrogation by FBI agents Smith and Taylor, General Ross arrived and vouched for Jones, insisting that he was not someone who would side with the Communists. Later, when George McHale revealed to Jones during a chase through the Amazon jungle that he was a double agent working for the CIA, he mentioned that General Ross was Mac's control agent, and McHale had secretly contacted him to bail Jones out of the aftermath of the Hangar 51 intrusion. Ross later attended Indiana's wedding to Marion Ravenwood.

text: Dean Charles Stanforth[edit]

text: Dean Charles Stanforth (Jim Broadbent) is Indiana's friend at Marshall College. The character replaces Marcus Brody following Denholm Elliott's death in 1992.[72] Stanforth resigns to protect Indy from government agents who want him on trump Communist charges, and is later reinstated, with Indy joining him as the Associate Dean.

text: Mutt Williams[edit]

text: Mutt Williams (Shia LaBeouf), born Henry Walton Jones III,[23] is introduced in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull as a Panhead motorcycle-riding greaser and becomes Indiana Jones's sidekick. He is the son of former bar owner Marion Ravenwood and archaeologist Indiana Jones, although Indy and Mutt are unaware of their relationship until the events of Crystal Skull.

text: Having never acquainted with Indiana Jones after birth, Mutt believed that his stepfather, Royal Air Force pilot Colin Williams, was his father, until he and his mother met up with Jones in 1957. Mutt goes to Peru with Indiana in search of his mother, his surrogate father Harold Oxley, and the crystal skull. Mutt has travelled extensively with his mother, and has never graduated from school – any school. (He appears to have sampled several.) Unlike many film sidekick roles, Mutt is highly intelligent, follows a strong line in deductive reasoning, and excels at fencing (which proved useful in his duel with Spalko) and other practical adventuring skills. After both Mutt and Indiana discover their relation to each other, the latter is furious that his son is a dropout and is determined to get him back to school. Mutt also resents his father as a schoolteacher despite also an adventurer and hates when referred by him as "Son", similarly to when his late-paternal grandfather referred to Indiana as "Junior". They gradually develop their relationship towards the end of the film, with Mutt accompanies his parents serving as his father's groomsman when Indiana and Marion finally marry.

text: Mutt has a horizontal scar across his right cheek inflicted during a duel with Irina Spalko. Mutt has stated that his prep-school education has made him "handy with a blade." The book explains Mutt was champion on the fencing team, but was kicked out of school for placing bets on his matches. Mutt's occupation prior to meeting up with Indy is that of a motorcycle mechanic.

text: Frank Marshall said Mutt represents a youthful arrogance, to show Indiana is older and wiser.[80] LaBeouf was Spielberg's only choice for the role.[27] Excited at the prospect of being in an Indiana Jones film, LaBeouf signed on without reading the script and did not know what character he would play.[81] LaBeouf watched Blackboard Jungle, Rebel Without a Cause and The Wild One to get into his character's mindset, copying mannerisms and words from characters in those films, such as the use of a switchblade as a weapon.[82] Authentic 1950s jackets were found for LaBeouf's costume,[72] while The Indian Motor-Company provided his motorcycle.[83]

text: George Lucas was interested in producing a spin-off about Mutt and his own adventures, with Indiana in a supporting role. However Lucas later retracted a statement on the possibility of a spin-off series or LaBeouf taking over as the lead of the Indiana Jones series, stating "Harrison Ford is Indiana Jones, no Harrison means no Indy".[84]

text: Two 3¾ inch figures of Mutt,[76] a deluxe figure of him on his motorcycle,[85] an Adventures Heroes figurine,[77] and a 12-inch figure were released in 2008.[86] Mutt is available in four Lego Indiana Jones sets based on Kingdom of the Crystal Skull.[79]

text: In an early script of the movie, Williams was set to fight with Spalko in a real virgin jungle, but the idea was rejected as being too dangerous.

text: In 2017, Indiana Jones 5 writer David Koepp revealed that the character will not return on the upcoming movie.[87]

text: Harold Oxley[edit]

text: Harold "Ox" Oxley (John Hurt) born in Leeds, England, is a colleague of Indiana who broke off contact with him in 1937 while searching for the skulls. Both Ox and Indiana studied under Abner Ravenwood. Ox was a close friend of Ravenwood's daughter, Marion, and hence became a surrogate father for her son Mutt, following the death of Mutt's stepfather. He is also aware of Mutt's true paternity to Indiana. Ox's wits have been addled by long exposure to one of the crystal skulls.[23] As soon as the skull is returned to Akator, Ox regains his sanity, and is last seen at Indy and Marion's wedding, clapping enthusiastically. The character was inspired by Ben Gunn from Treasure Island.[72]

text: The character of Oxley was created by Frank Darabont in his script of Indiana Jones and the City of the Gods. However, in his scrapped script, Oxley's name was Vernon Oxley.

text: Introduced in other media[edit]

text: Sophia Hapgood[edit]

text: Sophia Hapgood debuted in the 1992 video game Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis and its comic book adaptation. Sophia's backstory in Fate of Atlantis explains she was born in Boston and became briefly romantically involved with Indiana while accompanying him on an expedition in Iceland. Afterwards, she becomes a psychic giving lectures on Atlantis, and accompanies Indiana on his quest to stop the Nazis harnessing the lost city's power in 1939. Sophia wears a necklace containing the Atlantean King's consciousness: although Indiana frees her from its power, an alternate ending depicts her being consumed and dying.[88]

text: The Thunder in the Orient comic, set in 1938, has Sophia asked for Indiana's help securing a tablet by Buddha, which can help the reader achieve nirvana: The Empire of Japan wants it to unify Asia's 500 million Buddhists under its rule. Sophia is briefly captured by bandits in Afghanistan, before battling Japanese soldiers for the tablet on the Yangtze River and losing it.[89] In the 1999 video game sequel Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine, Sophia, voiced by Tasia Valenza,[90] is a Central Intelligence Agency officer in 1947. She accompanies Jones during his search for the Babylonian Infernal Machine. In the game's finale, she is possessed by the god Marduk, but Indiana frees her.[91]

text: Mei Ying[edit]

text: Mei Ying debuted in 2003 video game Indiana Jones and the Emperor's Tomb for PC, PS2, and Xbox. She is voiced by actress Vivian Wu.


document_title: Destroying angel (Bible)

question_text: who is the death angel in the bible

question_tokens: who is the death angel in the bible

root

text: Destroying angel (Bible)

text: It has been suggested that this article be merged with Angel of the Lord. (Discuss) Proposed since July 2016.

tag: table

text: The Destroying Angel or Angel of Death in the Hebrew Bible is an entity sent out by Yahweh on several occasions to kill enemies of the Israelites. In 2 Samuel 24:15, it kills the inhabitants of Jerusalem. In I Chronicles 21:15, the same "angel of the Lord" is seen by David to stand "between the earth and the heaven, with a drawn sword in his hand stretched out against Jerusalem." Later, the angel of the Lord kills 185,000 men of Sennacherib's Assyrian army, thereby saving Hezekiah's Jerusalem in II Kings 19:35.

tag: p

text: The angel (malak) is referred to under various terms, including Mashḥit (pron. mash-heet(h) or -kheet(h)) (Mashchit(h), מַשְׁחִית and Ha-Mashchit(h)/Ha-Mashḥit, הַמַשְׁחִית), "destroying angel" (מַלְאָך הַמַשְׁחִית, malak ha-mashḥit or in the plural מַשְׁחִיתִים, mashchitim/mashchithim/mashḥitim - "spoilers, ravagers"), Angel of the Lord, "destroyer" (מְמִיתִים, memitim - "executioners", "slayers") is found in Job 33:22 and in Proverbs 16:14 in the plural, "Messengers of death"

text: Mashchith was also used as an alternate name for one of the seven compartments of Gehenna.[1]


document_title: (Ghost) Riders in the Sky: A Cowboy Legend

question_text: who sang ghost riders in the sky originally

text: Overview[edit]

text: The song tells a folk tale of a cowboy who has a vision of red-eyed, steel-hooved cattle thundering across the sky, being chased by the spirits of damned cowboys. One warns him that if he does not change his ways, he will be doomed to join them, forever "trying to catch the Devil's herd across these endless skies". Jones stated he had been told the story when he was 12 years old by an old cowboy friend.[1] The story resembles the northern European mythic Wild Hunt.[4]

text: More than 50 performers have recorded versions of the song. Charting versions were recorded by The Outlaws, Vaughn Monroe ("Riders in the Sky" with orchestra and vocal quartet), which topped the Billboard magazine charts, by Bing Crosby (with the Ken Darby Singers), Frankie Laine, Burl Ives (two different versions), Marty Robbins, The Ramrods and Johnny Cash. Other recordings were made by Eddy Arnold, Peggy Lee (with the Jud Conlon Singers), Christopher Lee, and Spike Jones and his City Slickers. Gene Autry sang it in the 1949 movie, Riders in the Sky. Jones himself recorded it for his 1957 album Creakin' Leather.[5] Children of Bodom, Impaled Nazarene and Die Apokalyptischen Reiter have also made covers.

text: The melody is based on the song "When Johnny Comes Marching Home."[6]

text: Recordings[edit]

text: The original version by Stan Jones was recorded in late 1948, and composer Eden Ahbez sent the song to Burl Ives, who recorded his own version a year later.

tag: ul

text:
Burl Ives recorded the song on February 17, 1949, and the song was released by Columbia Records as catalog No. 38445. The recording first appeared on the Billboard charts on April 22, 1949, lasting six weeks and peaking at No. 21.[7]
The version by Vaughn Monroe and His Orchestra with Vaughn Monroe and The Moon Men on vocals, was recorded on March 14, 1949, and released by RCA Victor Records as catalog No. 20-3411 (in USA) and by EMI on the His Master's Voice label as catalog No. BD 1247, HN 3014, HQ 2071, IM 1425 and GY 878. The recording first appeared on the Billboard charts on April 15, 1949, lasting 22 weeks and reaching No. 1.[7] Billboard ranked it as the No. 1 song for 1949.[8]
The Bing Crosby version was recorded on March 22, 1949,[9] and released by Decca Records as catalog No. 24618. The recording first appeared on the Billboard charts on May 6, 1949, lasting 6 weeks and peaking at No. 14.[7]
The Peggy Lee version was recorded on April 18, 1949, and released by Capitol Records as catalog No. 57-608. It reached No. 2 on Billboard's Most Played By Disc Jockeys listing without appearing in the retail Top 30.
Spike Jones recorded the song on May 24, 1949, and it was released by RCA Victor Records as catalog No. 20-3741. Copies of the original release, containing lyrics ridiculing RCA stockholder Vaughn Monroe, are rare. The recording parodies the original Monroe recording, injecting much of Jones' quintessential humor along the way.

text:
In 1953 Goldtown Ghost Riders was a film starring Gene Autry. He sang the song "Ghost Riders in the Sky".
It was the opening track of Scatman Crothers' 1956 album, Rock 'n' roll with Scat Man.
Theodore Bikel sang a humorous version of the song in his An Actor's Holiday album (1956).Gene Autry also sang the sing for the first time in a 1950 film" Beyond the Purple Hills" which was quickly edited to include Autry singing the song after a chance meeting with Stan Jones in which he bought the rights to the song.

text:
The song was recorded by the Norman Luboff Choir and released on their 1960 album, Songs of the Cowboy.
Lawrence Welk and His Orchestra released an instrumental version in 1961, featuring Neil Levang on guitar, which spent 3 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, reaching No. 87.[10]
Curtis Lance (Dick Jensen) and the Uniques recorded an instrumental version in 1961.[11]
The Brothers Four recorded a driven, up-tempo version. with edited lyrics and truncated to three stanzas, for their third LP, B.M.O.C.: Best Music On/Off Campus for Columbia Records in 1961.
The Sons of the Pioneers included the song on their album Cool Water put out by RCA Records in 1961 under the name "Riders in the Sky".
A twangy guitar instrumental version by The Ramrods — featuring the sounds of mooing cattle, bronco cheers, and sound of cracking whips — was recorded in late 1960 and it made the Billboard Top 30 in 1961, as well as the UK Top 10. This was covered by UK band The Scorpions (not the German rock band) on the "Parlophone" Label.
The Ventures made a surf rock cover of the song in 1961. A live performance of the tune, featuring surf rock band The Original Surfaris appeared in the 1962 compilation album titled Surf's Up! At Banzai Pipeline. The performance incorporates the riff from the Jørgen Ingmann hit, "Apache".
Bob James, recording as The Bob James Trio, included it as the last track on his very first album Bold Conceptions released in 1962.
The Spotnicks, a Swedish instrumental rock band, covered this song on their 1962 album, The Spotnicks in London, Out-a space.
Frankie Laine recorded the song on his 1963 album, Wanderlust.
Frank Ifield recorded the song for his 1963 U.K. album, Born Free (Columbia 33SX 1534).[12]
Dick Dale recorded a surf-rock version for his second album, King of the Surf Guitar, released in 1963.
Californian singer Peter Tevis recorded a version with orchestral and choral arrangements by Ennio Morricone for the 1965 album, Un pugno di...West.
Baja Marimba Band recorded this song on the album, Watch Out, in 1966.
Tom Jones recorded this song opening the album, Green, Green Grass of Home, in 1967.
Takeshi Terauchi & Bunnys recorded an instrumental version of this song on their 1967 album, The World Is Waiting For Terry.
Davie Allan and the Arrows recorded two versions, one on the 1967 Blues' Theme album (Tower Records) and the other on the 2008 Moving Right Along album (Spinout Records).
Jimmy Wakely, a cowboy singer, recorded the song on Shasta Records.
Burl Ives made a second version of this song for his 1969 album Got the World by the Tail.

text:
Elvis Presley recorded it in June 1970 at MGM's soundstage in Culver City, California.
Susan Christie released a version on her 1970 album, Paint a Lady.
Roy Clark recorded an instrumental version for his 1973 album Roy Clark/Superpicker, an album of all instrumentals. The song reached No. 27 on the Hot Country Singles chart that year.
Former REO Speedwagon guitarist Gary Richrath quoted the melody of the song during his unaccompanied guitar solo on the band's 1977 live album, Live: You Get What You Play For.
Riders in the Sky recorded this song for their debut album, Three on the Trail, in 1979 and on several of subsequent albums.
Johnny Cash made a recording of the song in 1979 for his album, Silver, which was faithful to the original, and peaked at No.2 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Johnny Cash also performs the song in his guest appearance on The Muppet Show in 1980.

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Country singer and rodeo cowboy Chris LeDoux recorded a version of the song for his 1980 album Old Cowboy Heroes. LeDoux's version swaps the placements of "yippie yi yay" and "yippie yi oh", and refers to the cowboy instead as a "cowpoke".
A version by The Shadows reached No. 12 on the UK Singles Chart in 1980. This version was a semitone higher than the original.
Australian band, the Fabulaires from Adelaide did a cover version on their Apocalypso 12" E.P. circa 1980.
Rock band Outlaws made a recording on their 1980 album Ghost Riders that left out the last verse. They also released a live version of the song, recorded in 1982 at the King Biscuit Flower Hour radio show, which appeared on Greatest Hits of The Outlaws... High Tides Forever.
Dean "Red Elvis" Reed recorded the song on the album Country in 1982 in East Germany and Czechoslovakia.[13][14]
A Sesame Street version titled "The Dirtiest Town In The West" with altered lyrics first aired in 1982.
Vic Damone recorded a version on his 1982 album Over The Rainbow.
Psychobilly band King Kurt released a version in 1983 on their album Ooh Wallah Wallah.
The Danish cowpunk band Disneyland After Dark (later just D-A-D) recorded the song "Riding With Sue" in 1986 for their album Call of the Wild where the riffs from the melody were used in an intermezzo.

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The Chaps released a Scottish parody version called "Rawhide" in 1982.
Peter, Paul & Mary recorded a parody of the song titled "Yuppies in the Sky" on their 1990 album Flowers and Stones.
Terry Scott Taylor and Daniel Amos recorded a version in 1990 that appeared on The Miracle Faith Telethon compilation album.
Impaled Nazarene recorded a black metal version of the song, which was released on the Sadogoat EP in 1993. It was subsequently included in the CD version of their bonus album, Tol Cormpt Norz Norz Norz.
The Alberta Celtic rock group Captain Tractor recorded an unusual version for their 1994 album Land. New lyrics describe the frenzy of corruption in a prairie town at the climax of a real estate bubble. Rather than fire-and-brimstone Christian imagery, the warning takes the form of vaguely Zen lamentations: "The winds still blow/The rains still fall/The trees don't seem to care at all!"
Buckethead played a dub style version of the song during his Giant Robot album tour in 1994.
Dick Dale once again covered the song for his 1994 album, Unknown Territory. For a time, this version accompanied a NASA montage as part of the preshow video on Space Mountain at Disneyland and Magic Kingdom.
Duane Eddy brought his electrified "twangy guitar" sound along with a sax edition by Jim Horn to a 1996 version on an Curb Album Ghost Rider.[15]
On the 1997 album, VH1 Storytellers, the song was recorded live with Johnny Cash and Willie Nelson. In that performance, Willie Nelson misses the start of the third verse because he forgets the text, and ends up switching the third and fourth verses.
Deborah Harry, lead singer of Blondie, recorded a trance version of the song, which features on the soundtrack to the film Three Businessmen (1998). The song (produced and arranged by Dan Wool and Pray for Rain) is available free on her website.[16]
Christopher Lee recorded a version of this song on the album Devils, Rogues & Other Villains, released by Nikolas Schreck in 1998 on his Wolfslair label.
The Blues Brothers performed the song in the 1998 movie Blues Brothers 2000. This version appeared on both the movie's soundtrack and the compilation album The Blues Brothers' Greatest Hits of All Time. Similar to the "Rawhide" scene in the first movie, the band is mistakenly booked at a bluegrass festival (announced to the crowd as "The Bluegrass Brothers"). Buster Blues' (J. Evan Bonifant) harmonica parts for the film were recorded by John Popper of Blues Traveler.
In 1999, Ned Sublette included a merengue rendition on his album, Cowboy Rumba.

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The German "Western Metal" band Dezperadoz (featuring a member of Sodom) covered the song on their 2000 album, The Dawn Of Dying.
Dolan Ellis, Arizona's Official State Balladeer since 1966, included this as the only cover on his CD, Tall Tales, Lost Trails & Heroes, released in 2000. He has sung the song throughout the nation and in 20 foreign countries, solo and as a member of the New Christy Minstrels, always telling the folk tale of Stan Jones, the Cochise County cowboy.
The Texas band, Ghoultown, recorded a version of this song on their album Tales from the Dead West (2000).
Concrete Blonde recorded a version for their last album, 2004's Mojave.
John Frusciante, Michael Rother, and Josh Klinghoffer performed a short instrumental version of the song live in 2004.
German heavy metal band, Die Apokalyptischen Reiter, released a version titled "Ghostriders in the Sky" on their 2006 4-track EP, Friede Sei Mit Dir.[17]
California-based Me First and the Gimme Gimmes covered the song on their 2006 album Love Their Country This cover was later used in 2017 in racing video game Forza Horizon 3's trailer for its Hot Wheels Expansion.
Art Greenhaw, Grammy Award-Winning guitarist, producer and leader of The Light Crust Doughboys, recorded a world music fusion version of this song on the album Lone Star Sitar and released in 2006 on the Greenhaw Records label.[18]
During the credits of the 2007 movie Ghost Rider, a rock cover by the band Spiderbait is played. An instrumental version is also heard at points in the film.
Finnish melodic death metal band Children of Bodom covered this song under the title 'Ghostriders in the Sky' and have released it on the special edition of their 2008 album, Blooddrunk.

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Judy Collins, featuring the Nashville Rhythm Section and Ghost Riders Chorus, covered ”Ghost Riders in the Sky” on her 2010 album Paradise.
Florida/Utah death metal band, Gorlock, covered it on their 2011 EP titled Despair is My Mistress.
The song is the opening track on Roswell Rudd's album, Trombone For Lovers.
The character of Granddad Brown in the Irish comedy series Mrs Brown's Boys briefly covered Ghost Riders in the Sky in the 2011 Christmas special episode "Mammy's Ass". The scene involves Granddad singing the song whilst Agnes hits him over the head with a metal tray, testing a crash helmet (which Granddad's wearing) her friend Winnie is meant to be testing.
A track on Drop The Lime's 2012 album Enter The Night used the instrumental of "(Ghost) Riders in the Sky".
"Outsider" music star, The Space Lady, featured it on her GREATEST HITS LP. (2013, Night School Records)
Screaming Orphans covered on the album Lonely Boy. (2011)
In 2015, a lower tempo version of Johnny Cash's cover was used on the announcement trailer for the forthcoming Space-Opera RPG, Mass Effect: Andromeda.
Monster truck Black Stallion uses it as its theme song.
Country artist Ray Scott (singer) covered Johnny Cash's version of this song on his EP, "Roots Sessions, Vol. 1" which was released in 2015.
Chrome Division covered Johnny Cash's version of this song on their 2011 "3rd Round Knockout" album.

text: Additional versions[edit]

text: Versions in various genres have also been made by the following artists:

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Carlos Malcolm
All-American Boys Chorus
Boston Pops Orchestra
Chrome Division
Dean Martin
Dixie Chicks
Fred Penner
Kaleidoscope
Marty Robbins
Mary McCaslin
R.E.M.
Scary Bitches (UK goth rock)
Shebeen (North Ireland underground music, as "Ooh Ah Up the 'RA, or The SAM Song")
The Tubes (under the track title, "Cowboy Fee & The Heifer's Dream")
Youn Sun Nah (on her album Lento)
Vocal Majority

text: Non-English versions[edit]

text: Estonian

text: Estonian-Canadian musician Jüri Lipp translated and recorded a surf rock version in Estonian in 1968.

text: Finnish[edit]

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A Finnish version titled "Aaveratsastajat" was written by Kullervo (born Tapio Kullervo Lahtinen) and it has been recorded by several popular artists including Henry Theel ja Metro-tytöt, Kari Tapio, Danny, Tapani Kansa, Reijo Taipale, and Ismo Alanko.
Juha Vainio wrote an alternative, humoristic version titled "Hirvenmetsästys" (The Moose Hunt). Pertti Metsärinteen yhtye recorded it in 1970.
An instrumental jazz version by Kalle Kalima on the album High Noon released in 2016.

text: French[edit]

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A French-language version titled "Les Cavaliers du Ciel" was released by Les Compagnons de la chanson in 1949.
French guitarist and singer, Gill Dougherty, also released a version on his 1990 album, Live In Bourges.
In 1992, another French language version titled "Où tu iras" was released by Les Naufragés, on their album A contre-Courant.

text: German[edit]

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In 1949, a German-language version titled "Geisterreiter" was recorded and released by East German entertainer, Rita Paul & Her Cornel-Trio. In the same year, a version was released by Gerhard Wendland.
Additional German-language versions have been released by surf-punk-electro band, Mikrowelle, and television entertainer, Götz Alsmann featuring Bela B of Die Ärzte.
An instrumental version was done by the Austrian band "da Blechhauf`n" in 2012.[19]

text: Italian[edit]

text: An Italian-language version of the song, titled "I Cavalieri del Cielo" was recorded by famous Italian singer Gino Latilla in 1952.

text: Lithuanian[edit]

text: A Lithuanian-language version of the song titled "Jupi Ja Je" was recorded by Adolfas Jarulis ir Estradinės melodijos in 1971.

text: Portuguese[edit]

text: Brazilian artist Milton Nascimento recorded a Portuguese-language version under the title "Cavaleiros do céu" released on his 1981 album, Caçador de Mim.[20]

text: Spanish[edit]

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In 1966, a Spanish-language version, "Jinetes en el cielo", was recorded and released by the Mexican group, Los Baby's.[21]
Mexican singer Pedro Vargas also recorded a version.
The popular singer from Spain, Raphael, also released a Spanish version in the 1970s. The lyrical subject was changed to reflect a cowboy doomed to ride for eternity for breaking a young girl's heart. The song ends happily when the girl saves him from that horrible destiny by crying and praying for him then letting a rose fall on his grave.
Mexican singers (and actors) Manolín and Shilinsky (find them in Wikipedia in Spanish) recorded a comic version.[22]

text: Influences[edit]

text: Apart from the numerous recordings by various artists, "Ghost Riders in the Sky" has inspired various artists.

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The Doors' Riders on the Storm, from the album L.A. Woman (1971).[23]
The chorus lines of this song are and have been since the 1960s a terrace song of the Aston Villa Football Club of England. The words have been modified to include the line "Holte Enders in the Sky," a reference to the occupants of the vast stand behind the goal at the southern end of the Villa Park stadium.[citation needed]
REO Speedwagon's "Ridin' the Storm Out", from the album Ridin' the Storm Out (1973).
Def Leppard's "Foolin'", from the album Pyromania (1983), with the line "On and on, we rode the storm".
Motörhead's Iron Fist, from the album Iron Fist (1982).
The song was also the inspiration for the Magazine Enterprises' horror-Western comic-book character the Ghost Rider.[24] After the trademark to the character's name and motif lapsed, Marvel Comics debuted its own near-identical, non-horror version of the character in Ghost Rider #1 (Feb. 1967), drawn by Ayers. This character was renamed the Phantom Rider when Marvel debuted its demonic motorcyclist character Ghost Rider.