document_title: Raj Koothrappali

question_text: where did raj from big bang go to college

root

text: Raj Koothrappali

text: Character biography[edit]

text: Rajesh, who is normally called Raj or just by his surname Koothrappali, is from New Delhi, India. However, he despises Indian food, and his knowledge about Indian culture and Hinduism is often rebuked by Sheldon, who is seen to speak better Hindi than him. He was born into a wealthy family and has five siblings, one of whom is Priya, a former on-off girlfriend of Leonard. Raj is normally seen wearing a layered combination of a printed shirt and sweater vest under a track top-style windbreaker with khakis or cargo pants and skate shoes. Raj wore a red cap in the pilot episode, but has not worn any headgear on a regular basis for the rest of the series' run. Between seasons one and eleven, Raj styled his naturally curly hair with hair gel "while trying to blend in".

tag: p

text: Raj joins in playing Halo online and trading-card games with his friends,[2][3] and has even claimed to have experienced gaming addiction in the past. It was revealed in "The Monster Isolation" that Raj did at least part of his higher education at the University of Cambridge, where he discovered his interest in astrophysics.

text: Personality[edit]

text: While in general Raj is more patient with Sheldon than Leonard, Howard or Penny, Sheldon is completely oblivious to this, and even casually cuts him off as a friend on one occasion.[4]

text: Another recurring joke is his metrosexuality, which manifests itself in his appreciation for media generally associated with female patrons, such as the novel Eat, Pray, Love, the TV series Sex and the City and films featuring Sandra Bullock. This has led those close to him to opine that he is somewhat feminine (as in "The Closure Alternative"), and others to mistakenly conclude that he is homosexual (a theory his sister mentioned in "The Herb Garden Germination" that had been held by members of their family), which he typically denies (even asserting his metrosexuality in "The Transporter Malfunction"), but which Howard often teases him over.

text: One of Raj's biggest personality quirks is his tendency to speak or act inappropriately, often landing him in trouble or leading to an angry reaction from whomever he has upset. This was particularly pronounced when he was under the influence of alcohol, which could cause a catch-22, since for years he needed alcohol to even speak to a woman, but the alcohol led to him say the wrong things. On one occasion, just as Leonard and Penny are about to have sex in their hotel room, Raj enters and obliviously proceeds to climb into Sheldon's recently vacated bed, completely unaware of what he has interrupted. On another occasion, he openly discussed having had crushes on Penny and Bernadette directly in front of them, which caused both discomfort, and unwittingly hurting Amy's feelings when he admits that he never had a crush on her as well (despite Penny and Bernadette's best efforts to alert him to this fact).

text: When socializing with his friends, despite his Indian accent, Raj is noted for using slang and using the word "dude", although on some occasions he does not understand American slang. He speaks fluent Hindi,[5][6][7] but according to Sheldon, his mother tongue is English.

text: Selective mutism[edit]

text: Until the season six finale, Raj's principal characteristic was his inability to speak to or around non-related women, a medical condition known as selective mutism. In the show this was alluded to by Dr. Beverly Hofstadter, Leonard's mother.[8] Raj also stated he has selective mutism in the episode "The Cornhusker Vortex".[9][10] Raj was able to speak in the presence of women only when they were part of a crowd, if he had been drinking alcoholic beverages (or thinks he has been), if he was under influence of other drugs, if he was unaware of their presence, or if the woman is deaf.[11] He observed that this was an improvement over his previous affliction, in which the presence of women caused him to lose bladder control.[12] He had no problem speaking to his mother, sisters, or other female relatives.

text: Until the end of the sixth season, Raj remained silent when Penny was present. Penny occasionally taunted him about this, saying such things as "Yo, Raj, talk to me". Raj sometimes whispered what he wanted to say to Howard or Leonard, who then repeated his words or responded to his question out loud. However, Howard sometimes used the situation to amuse himself—for example, when he "confessed" on Raj's behalf that Raj had stalked Penny with binoculars, or when Sheldon called Penny over to their table to silence Raj; Howard then refused to act as a mouthpiece and told Raj, "No no no, he won; Suck it up." In "The Dumpling Paradox", Leonard jokingly suggests cutting Raj in half so the group can play video games without Howard while Penny is in the room: Raj turns to Leonard (facing away from Penny) and responds, "Oh, sure, cut the foreigner in half. There's a billion more where he came from." Later, in "The Bat Jar Conjecture", Raj accidentally utters a few words ("good story"), much to the surprise of his friends, but he immediately realizes Penny is there and covers his mouth with both hands.[13] A recurring gag was for Raj to find himself left alone when his friends, in the company of Penny or another woman, make plans to go somewhere and Raj's mutism prevents him from speaking up to join in.

text: In "The Grasshopper Experiment", Penny (who was practicing mixing cocktails in order to obtain a bartending shift) inadvertently discovered that Raj's mutism could be suppressed by consuming alcohol: even a tiny amount (such as a bite of rum cake in "The Apology Insufficiency") enabled him to have prolonged conversations with women; however, this also tends to make him loud and obnoxious.[11] When the main characters take a train to an academic conference in San Francisco, Raj can talk to series guest Summer Glau (playing herself) while drinking beer: when Leonard inadvertently discovers the beer is non-alcoholic and that Raj is under a placebo effect, Howard uses this to his advantage and Raj is returned to his usual mute self.[14] In some episodes, Raj took to carrying a hip flask with him to counter his problem, while in other episodes that required him to speak with Penny or other women present, he was usually shown doing so with a beer or wine glass near him to indicate he had consumed alcohol (such as "The Santa Simulation").

text: Raj experimented with medications that suppressed social anxiety, but they tended to have side effects. When Sheldon's sister Missy visited, Raj took medicine that enabled him to speak to her, but it resulted in involuntary repetitive hand motions. In the episode "The Wildebeest Implementation",[15] Raj was worried that an experimental drug he was considering might affect his rationality, but Sheldon encouraged him to take it anyway: however, Raj's worries were realized while speaking to a woman in a coffee shop when he completely lost all inhibitions and removed all of his clothing.

text: At the end of the Season 6 finale "The Bon Voyage Reaction", Raj's girlfriend Lucy breaks up with him. The subsequent trauma apparently cures his mutism, and he finds he can talk to Penny, Amy, and Bernadette while completely sober. However, he talks so much that the women become bored and irritated and start drinking in order to put up with him.

text: Family[edit]

text: Raj regularly communicates with his parents, Dr. and Mrs. V.M. Koothrappali back in India via webcam. Raj is the only one of the guys whose father has been revealed on the show until the ninth season, as Sheldon's father is deceased, Howard's father abandoned him when he was eleven, and Leonard's father didn't make an appearance until season 9, where he appeared when Leonard was again getting married to Penny. When they become meddling or judgmental, he "brings his parents" into Leonard and Sheldon's apartment via his laptop. In the season 2 finale, Mrs. Koothrappali and Mrs. Wolowitz have an argument because the latter does not believe that there is not a single Outback Steakhouse restaurant in India.

text: A running gag in the series is Raj portraying himself as having come from humble origins and growing up in poverty in India, only for his friends to remind him that his father is a gynaecologist, drives a Bentley (which he protests was a "lease"), and had servants (although he protests on one occasion that there were only four servants, and that two of them were children).[11] In the episode "The Wiggly Finger Catalyst", Sheldon reveals that Raj's family is wealthier than he lets on. He observes that they are "Richie Rich rich", which he explains is "halfway between Bruce Wayne and Scrooge McDuck".

text: Raj's cousin Sanjay (or, as he says his friends know him, "Dave from AT&T Customer Service") works in a call centre and is mentioned in a number of episodes. In one episode, Raj tries to avoid returning to India for his cousin's wedding, as Raj's parents have arranged a date for him.[16]

text: Raj has three brothers and two sisters. Raj's sister Priya has a one-night stand with Leonard in Season 4. This leads to a brief argument between Leonard, Raj and Howard for breaking the "pinky swear" that Leonard and Howard made about never trying to make a move on her. Later in the series, Priya and Leonard start a relationship against Raj's wishes, which is awkward as she is living with Raj at the time. In the Season 4 finale, Raj had to move temporarily into Sheldon's apartment after overhearing Leonard using Star Trek references as sexual metaphors to his sister.

text: Also, in the season 3 episode "The Precious Fragmentation", Raj tries to negotiate the possession of the One Ring with the help of his cousin Venkatesh Koothrappali, who is an attorney (but agrees with Raj that he is useless in that role).

text: In the season 7 episode "The Table Polarization", Raj talks about naming his first child Dileep after his grandfather.

text: Work[edit]

text: Raj is an astrophysicist in the Physics Department at Caltech, best known for a publication on Kuiper belt object size distribution.[17]

text: For his discovery of a planetary object beyond the Kuiper belt, 2008 NQ17, which he named "Planet Bollywood", Raj was included in People magazine's "30 (Visionaries) Under 30 (Years of Age) to Watch", received a larger office, and became a celebrity of sorts, drawing the envy of his friends.[18]

text: After six months of failed research on the composition of trans-Neptunian objects, Raj feared being deported back to India (at which point, he describes spending his time at work as "mostly checking e-mail, updating his Facebook status, and messing up Wikipedia entries"). To stay in the country, he sought out a research position in stellar evolution with Professor Laughlin; the job proposition failed as the research team included an attractive woman, and Raj, who became drunk so he could talk to her, made an inappropriate comment. Raj ended up working alongside Sheldon (or "for" him, as Sheldon insists), "exploring the string theory implications of gamma rays from dark matter annihilations".[7] Ironically, he noted that he once wanted to be the "Indira Gandhi of particle astrophysics (but with a penis, of course)".[11] During season 6, Raj has developed a talent to be a party planner that was demonstrated at the time of Howard and Bernadette's wedding,[19] and the Halloween,[20] and Valentine's Day parties,[21] at the comic book store.

text: Relationships[edit]

text: For most of the series' run, Raj had not been involved in any lasting romantic relationship, mostly due to his inability to speak to women. However, he was much more successful in casual sex than the more sexually aggressive Howard. He once dated Lalita Gupta, a childhood friend, in an arrangement made by his parents. With Raj able to speak to her only under the influence of alcohol, the date goes badly, and Lalita left the intoxicated and bothersome Raj to have dinner with Sheldon.[11]

text: After Raj behaves boorishly with Penny while at a People magazine reception, and presents Penny to his parents (via webcam) as his girlfriend, he later apologizes, first with a written note. When Penny forces him to do so verbally, he utters a barely audible "sorry".[18]

text: Raj also seeks to date Sheldon's attractive twin sister, Missy. To do so, he takes an experimental drug to correct his anxiety disorder. He is the only one, out of himself, Howard and Leonard, in whom Missy showed any interest, but the medication wears off when he tries to ask her out.[22]

text: When Sheldon, Leonard, Howard, and Raj are on a train to San Francisco, the latter three tried talking to actress Summer Glau, who they see is in their train car. After drinking what he thinks is a beer, Raj is able to charm Glau. When a jealous Howard points out to Raj that his beer is non-alcoholic, Raj stops speaking in the middle of his conversation, and flees from Glau.[14]

text: Raj reveals that he once had a girlfriend, after Leonard claims that the two of them were the only ones without them. She has never appeared in the show, but he states that she was deaf, so his inability to speak with women was not an issue.[23] Raj has an infatuation with Howard's girlfriend, Bernadette, and is visibly unhappy when she accepts Howard's marriage proposal.[24] This antagonizes Howard when Howard learns of it.

text: Despite both being heterosexual, Raj and Howard tend to appear as if they are in a homosexual relationship. This is described by Leonard's mother, Dr. Beverly Hofstadter, as an "ersatz homosexual marriage".[8] Even Raj's parents are aware of this, as Raj's mother once notes "the closest thing we have to a daughter-in-law is that Jewish boy Howard!".[9] Raj often takes up the stereotypically "female" role in arguments with Howard, once expressing his displeasure at Howard constantly ditching him to chase women. Raj recounts a dream where he and Howard both had mansions with a secret tunnel that connected Howard's "front yard" to his "back yard". He uses a female avatar in World of Warcraft. In season four he claims to be a metrosexual,[25] and in season 8 it is revealed that he and Howard were once in couples therapy.

text: In the season 4 finale, Penny and Raj become intoxicated and, despite agreeing to remain good friends, end up in bed together. The next morning, both agree to pretend it never happened, but they are caught by Leonard, Sheldon, and Howard as they try to leave,[26] causing Penny to think about moving back to Nebraska. In the opening episode of season 5, Raj reveals to Penny that they did not have intercourse; instead he ejaculated prematurely and they fell asleep. Penny promised not to tell the guys, although subsequently she sometimes calls him "Quick Draw".[27]

text: In season 5, Raj buys a new iPhone and quickly develops feelings for the computerized personal assistant, Siri.[28] Later in season 5, Penny believes she has found the perfect match for Raj by having him meet a woman who is deaf: however, it turns out she only dated Raj for his money and leaves him when he tells her that his parents will cut off financial ties with him if they continue to see each other.[29] Finally, in despair, Raj asks his parents to find him a potential bride for an arranged marriage. Raj gets along well with his parents' first selection, but discovers that the woman is a lesbian trying to conceal her sexual orientation from her family: she assumes Raj is also homosexual and that they would have a lavender marriage, an idea Raj considers as a viable alternative to lifelong bachelorhood until Howard and Bernadette convince him otherwise.[25]

text: Out of their concern for his loneliness, Howard and Bernadette give him a pet dog. Happy with his new companion, a female Yorkshire Terrier he names Cinnamon, Raj proceeds to see if the pup fits in his man-purse. This leads Bernadette to dispute Raj's heterosexuality.[25] In the episode "The Thespian Catalyst", Raj fantasizes various scenarios in which Howard dies or is rendered an invalid, and Raj must satisfy Bernadette's sexual needs. This culminates in a dream sequence where he and Bernadette dance together in a Bollywood musical number. He reflects upon these fantasies by observing that he is "definitely not gay".[30]

text: At Howard's bachelor party, Raj mentions that he and Howard had a threesome at Comic-Con with an overweight woman in a Sailor Moon costume.[31]

text: In the season six episode, "The Tangible Affection Proof", Raj and Stuart, put together a party at the store for lonely single people on Valentine's Day. After giving a speech about how one cannot define themself by being in a relationship, he is approached by a woman named Lucy (Kate Micucci). They both leave to get a cup of coffee, with Raj hypocritically declaring "Later, losers!" In "The Monster Isolation", Lucy flees during their coffee date, sending Raj into depression and self-isolation in his apartment wearing nothing but tight white briefs and Uggs. Lucy gives Howard her phone number to give to Raj. Later, Lucy goes to his apartment to apologize and tells him that she has problems around new people. Raj describes his own psychological problems, and they agree to have a formal date.

text: In the following episode, "The Contractual Obligation Implementation", he takes Lucy out for a first date to a library where they text message each other instead of speaking, in light of her social anxiety and his selective mutism. They continue to date and by "The Love Spell Potential" they kiss. However, in the season 6 finale "The Bon Voyage Reaction", Lucy feels too pressured by Raj to meet his friends, and a dinner between Lucy, Raj, and Amy does not go well. Raj apologizes for his behavior and asks Lucy to come to Leonard's goodbye party before his departure for the North Sea on Professor Stephen Hawking's expedition. However, Lucy text messages him at the party saying she will not be there and does not want to see him again. The next day, Penny goes to comfort a heartbroken Raj, who thinks he is completely unlovable. Penny suggests that this lament is attributed to alcohol, but Raj says he that he has not had a drink since the night before: he is finally cured of his selective mutism.

text: In season 7, Raj's newfound ability to speak to women allows him to put aside his previous difficulties with them, and though he does not date, he manages to charm several women throughout the series, including the divorced HR representative Mrs. Davis, and a veterinarian named Yvette. Eventually, he begins dating Emily Sweeney (Laura Spencer), an attractive but rather sinister young dermatologist he met on the Internet. Their initial interaction does not go well, when she finds Raj's shyness and passivity off-putting, but she eventually agrees to go on a date with him: it goes well and the two begin dating properly for the rest of the season, becoming exclusive in the final two episodes. In "The Valentino Submergence", episode 15 of season 9, Raj breaks up with Emily right before Valentine's Day, because he has developed an interest in Claire, a bartender working on a sci-fi screenplay for a children's film who he met in the previous episode. Upon learning that Claire has reunited with her former boyfriend, he begs Emily to take him back, but she refuses.

text: Creation and casting[edit]

text: Raj did not appear in the original, unaired series pilot, which only featured Leonard, Sheldon, and a different version of the Penny character, called Katie. The test audiences reacted negatively to Katie, but they liked Sheldon and Leonard. In the new pilot, Raj and Howard were added.[32] Series co-creator Bill Prady stated: "The idea was, if they like these first two guys, let’s give them two more".[32]

text: Raj's social anxiety around women was inspired by a former co-worker of Prady.[33][34] Originally the character was called "Dave", and was an American born to Indian parents. This was changed when Nayyar won the role, because he was "so Indian".[35] When doing scenes in which Raj must consume alcohol in order to speak, Nayyar would drink non-alcoholic substitutes. When scenes called for Raj to drink grasshoppers, the substitute was a concoction of water, cream and a heavy amount of green food coloring.[36]


document_title: List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 1974

question_text: what was the number 1 song on july 3 1974

text: These are the Billboard magazine Hot 100 number one hits of 1974. 1974 is tied with 1975 for the most #1 Hot 100 hits with 35.

text:
Key

The yellow background indicates the #1 song on Billboard's 1974 Year-End Chart of Pop Singles.

tag: table

text:
Issue Date

Song

Artist(s)

Reference

January 5

"Time in a Bottle"

Jim Croce

January 12

"The Joker"

Steve Miller Band

January 19

"Show and Tell"

Al Wilson

January 26

"You're Sixteen"

Ringo Starr

February 2

"The Way We Were"

Barbra Streisand

February 9

"Love's Theme"

Love Unlimited Orchestra

February 16

"The Way We Were"

Barbra Streisand

February 23

March 2

"Seasons in the Sun"

Terry Jacks

March 9

March 16

March 23

"Dark Lady"

Cher

March 30

"Sunshine on My Shoulders"

John Denver

April 6

"Hooked on a Feeling"

Blue Swede

April 13

"Bennie and the Jets"

Elton John

April 20

"TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia)"

MFSB and The Three Degrees

April 27

May 4

"The Loco-Motion"

Grand Funk

May 11

May 18

"The Streak"

Ray Stevens

May 25

June 1

June 8

"Band on the Run"

Paul McCartney & Wings

June 15

"Billy Don't Be a Hero"

Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods

June 22

June 29

"Sundown"

Gordon Lightfoot

July 6

"Rock the Boat"

The Hues Corporation

July 13

"Rock Your Baby"

George McCrae

July 20

July 27

"Annie's Song"

John Denver

August 3

August 10

"Feel Like Makin' Love"

Roberta Flack

August 17

"The Night Chicago Died"

Paper Lace

August 24

"(You're) Having My Baby"

Paul Anka and Odia Coates

August 31

September 7

September 14

"I Shot the Sheriff"

Eric Clapton

September 21

"Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe"

Barry White

September 28

"Rock Me Gently"

Andy Kim

October 5

"I Honestly Love You"

Olivia Newton-John

October 12

October 19

"Nothing From Nothing"

Billy Preston

October 26

"Then Came You"

Dionne Warwick and The Spinners

November 2

"You Haven't Done Nothin'"

Stevie Wonder

November 9

"You Ain't Seen Nothin' Yet"

Bachman-Turner Overdrive

November 16

"Whatever Gets You thru the Night"

John Lennon

November 23

"I Can Help"

Billy Swan

November 30

December 7

"Kung Fu Fighting"

Carl Douglas

December 14

December 21

"Cat's in the Cradle"

Harry Chapin

December 28

"Angie Baby"

Helen Reddy

text: Sources[edit]

text:
Fred Bronson's Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, 5th Edition (ISBN 0-8230-7677-6)
Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-2008, 12 Edition (ISBN 0-89820-180-2)
Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Seventies (ISBN 0-89820-076-8)
Additional information obtained can be verified within Billboard's online archive services and print editions of the magazine.

tag: ul


document_title: List of most common surnames in North America

question_text: what is the most common surname in mexico

text: Canada (Canadian)[edit]

text: Quebec (Québecois)[edit]

text: Top 10 common surnames in 2006.[1]

text:
Rank
Surname
% of pop

1
Tremblay
1.076%

2
Gagnon
0.790%

3
Roy
0.753%

4
Côté
0.624%

5
Bouchard
0.530%

6
Gauthier
0.522%

7
Morin
0.498%

8
Lavoie
0.458%

9
Fortin
0.449%

10
Gagné
0.448%

text: Costa Rica (Costa Rican)[edit]

text: Most common surnames in Costa Rica as of 2007.[2]

text:
#
Surname
Persons
% of pop.

1
Díaz
N/A
N/A

2
Mora
N/A
N/A

3
Rodríguez
N/A
N/A

4
González
N/A
N/A

5
Hernández
N/A
N/A

6
Morales
N/A
N/A

7
Sánchez
N/A
N/A

8
Ramírez
N/A
N/A

9
Pérez
N/A
N/A

10
Calderón
N/A
N/A

11
Gutiérrez
N/A
N/A

12
Rojas
N/A
N/A

13
Salas
N/A
N/A

14
Vargas
N/A
N/A

15
Torres
N/A
N/A

16
Segura
N/A
N/A

17
Valverde
N/A
N/A

18
Villalobos
N/A
N/A

19
Araya
N/A
N/A

20
Herrera
N/A
N/A

21
López
N/A
N/A

22
Madrigal
N/A
N/A

Total pop. (2008)
4,016,173
100.00

text: Cuba (Cuban)[edit]

text: Most common surnames in Cuba.[3]

text:
Rank
Surname
Number

1
Rodríguez
301,136

2
Pérez
300,189

3
González
262,311

4
Hernández
215,593

5
García
208,965

6
Martinez
148,674

7
Diaz
136,364

8
Fernández
134,470

9
López
127,525

10
Álvarez
101,010

text: Dominican Republic (Dominican)[edit]

text:
#
Surname
Adults
% of adults
Origin

1
Rodríguez
225,321
N/A
Spanish

2
Pérez
158,059
N/A
Spanish

3
Martínez
141,259
N/A
Spanish

4
García
137,124
N/A
Spanish

5
Reyes
104,892
N/A
Spanish

6
Sánchez
104,392
N/A
Spanish

7
Díaz
95,106
N/A
Spanish

8
Peña
94,396
N/A
Spanish

9
Jiménez
92,978
N/A
Spanish

10
Ramírez
92,863
N/A
Spanish

11
Hernández
91,080
N/A
Spanish

12
Rosario
89,630
N/A
Spanish

13
González
85,757
N/A
Spanish

14
Santana
81,973
N/A
Portuguese/Spanish

15
Núñez
79,374
N/A
Spanish

16
Castillo
78,338
N/A
Spanish

17
De la Cruz
76,977
N/A
Spanish

18
Cruz
64,613
N/A
Portuguese/Spanish

19
Guzmán
63,073
N/A
Spanish

20
Gómez
62,310
N/A
Spanish

21
Santos
60,613
N/A
Portuguese/Spanish

22
López
59,566
N/A
Spanish

23
Féliz
58,518
N/A
Spanish

24
Vásquez
56,149
N/A
Spanish

25
De los Santos
54,634
N/A
Spanish

26
Mejía
51,605
N/A
Spanish

27
Polanco
49,952
N/A
Spanish

28
Fernández
49,712
N/A
Spanish

29
Vargas
49,353}
N/A
Portuguese/Spanish

30
Almonte
48,574
N/A
Spanish

Total pop.

text: El Salvador (Salvadoran)[edit]

text: Most common surnames in El Salvador as of 2005.[4]

text:
#
Surname
Number of people
% of population

1
Hernández
N/A
N/A

2
Martínez
N/A
N/A

3
López
N/A
N/A

4
García
N/A
N/A

5
Rodríguez
N/A
N/A

6
Flores
N/A
N/A

7
Pérez
N/A
N/A

8
Ramírez
N/A
N/A

9
González
N/A
N/A

10
Rivera
N/A
N/A

11
Vásquez
N/A
N/A

12
Cruz
N/A
N/A

13
Mejía
N/A
N/A

14
Rivas
N/A
N/A

15
Sánchez
N/A
N/A

16
Reyes
N/A
N/A

17
Díaz
N/A
N/A

18
Ramos
N/A
N/A

19
Gómez
N/A
N/A

20
Portillo
N/A
N/A

21
Escobar
N/A
N/A

22
Orellana
N/A
N/A

23
Romero
N/A
N/A

24
Aguilar
N/A
N/A

25
Alvarado
N/A
N/A

Total population (2007)
5,744,113[5]
100.00

text: Guatemala (Guatemalan)[edit]

text: Most common surnames in Guatemala as of 2015.[6]

text:
#
Surname
Persons
% of pop.

1
López
371,525
2.5%

2
García
285,670
1.9%

3
Morales
228,167
1.5%

4
Hernández
222,755
1.5%

5
Pérez
209,963
1.4%

6
González
208,795
1.4%

7
Rodríguez
135,978
0.9%

8
De León
134,010
0.9%

9
Ramírez
131,796
0.9%

10
Martínez
123,186
0.8%

11
Castillo
116,298
0.8%

12
Estrada
115,252
0.8%

13
Marroquín
113,961
0.8%

14
Gómez
110,824
0.7%

15
Vásquez
102,153
0.7%

16
Méndez
98,462
0.7%

17
Reyes
95,449
0.6%

18
Díaz
94,403
0.6%

19
Aguilar
94,096
0.6%

20
Velásquez
89,975
0.6%

First 20
3,082,718
20.7%

Total population (2015)
14,918,999[7]
100%

text: Mexico (Mexican)[edit]

text: Below are the most common surnames of Mexico, derived from the surnames listed in Mexico's 2005 electoral roll.[8]

text:
Rank
Surname
Number

1
Hernández
5,526,929

2
García
4,129,360

3
Martínez
3,886,887

4
González
3,188,693

5
López
3,148,024

6
Rodriguez
2,744,179

7
Pérez
2,746,468

8
Sánchez
2,234,625

9
Ramírez
2,070,723

10
Flores
1,392,707

text: United States (American)[edit]

text: All figures are for the 2000 United States Census, except for the 1990 Rank column which is for the 1990 United States Census.

text: The distribution of U.S. surnames reflects the history of immigration into the country. Many immigrants from non-English-speaking countries Anglicized their names. Some examples of this are the popular Swedish name Johansson which was frequently changed to Johnson, and the German Müller which became Miller. Some very common Swedish names were so similar that only a minor change of spelling was necessary, such as Andersson and Jonsson, which is why these names are much more common in the U.S. than in the United Kingdom. British surnames such as Williams, Jackson, Robinson, Harris, Davis, Brown and Jones are also common among people of non-British descent, such as African Americans due to slavery.

text: Garcia and Martinez represent the rapid growth of several Hispanic communities in the United States. According to the above table, from the 2000 Census, 17.11% of Americans have a surname among the top 100. On the other hand, 13.97% of Americans have a surname which occurs fewer than 100 times in the entire population.

text: Top surnames according to the 2010 U.S. Census may be found here.

text: During the 2000 U.S. Census, the top one hundred surnames in the U.S. were:[9][10][11]

text:
Name
Rank
1990 Rank
Change
Total number
Frequency per 100,000
Cumulative per 100,000
White
Black
Asian or
Pacific Islander
Native American
or Alaskan
Multiracial
Hispanic

Smith
1
1
0
2,376,207
880.85
880.85
73.35
22.22
0.4
0.85
1.63
1.56

Johnson
2
2
0
1,857,160
688.44
1569.3
61.55
33.8
0.42
0.91
1.82
1.5

Williams
3
3
0
1,534,042
568.66
2137.96
48.52
46.72
0.37
0.78
2.01
1.6

Brown
4
5
 1
1,380,145
511.62
2649.58
60.71
34.54
0.41
0.83
1.86
1.64

Jones
5
4
 −1
1,362,755
505.17
3154.75
57.69
37.73
0.35
0.94
1.85
1.44

Miller
6
7
1
1,127,803
418.07
3572.82
85.81
10.41
0.42
0.63
1.31
1.43

Davis
7
6
 −1
1,072,335
397.51
3970.33
64.73
30.77
0.4
0.79
1.73
1.58

Garcia
8
18
 10
858,289
318.17
4288.5
6.17
0.49
1.43
0.58
0.51
90.81

Rodriguez
9
22
 13
804,240
298.13
4586.62
5.52
0.54
0.58
0.24
0.41
92.7

Wilson
10
8
 −2
783,051
290.27
4876.9
69.72
25.32
0.46
1.03
1.74
1.73

Martinez
11
19
 8
775,072
287.32
5164.22
6.04
0.52
0.6
0.64
0.46
91.72

Anderson
12
11
 −1
762,394
282.62
5446.83
77.6
18.06
0.48
0.7
1.59
1.58

Taylor
13
10
 −3
720,370
267.04
5713.87
67.8
27.67
0.39
0.75
1.78
1.61

Thomas
14
12
 −2
710,696
263.45
5977.33
55.53
38.17
1.63
1.01
2
1.66

Hernandez
15
29
 14
706,372
261.85
6239.18
4.55
0.38
0.65
0.27
0.35
93.81

Moore
16
9
 −7
698,671
259
6498.17
68.85
26.92
0.37
0.65
1.7
1.5

Martin
17
16
 −1
672,711
249.37
6747.54
77.47
15.3
0.71
0.94
1.59
3.99

Jackson
18
13
 −5
666,125
246.93
6994.47
41.93
53.02
0.31
1.04
2.18
1.53

Thompson
19
17
 −2
644,368
238.87
7233.34
72.48
22.53
0.44
1.15
1.78
1.62

White
20
14
 −6
639,515
237.07
7470.4
67.91
27.38
0.39
1.01
1.76
1.55

Lopez
21
32
 11
621,536
230.4
7700.81
5.85
0.61
1.04
0.47
0.52
91.51

Lee
22
24
 2
605,860
224.59
7925.4
40.09
17.41
37.83
1.03
2.3
1.34

Gonzalez
23
38
 15
597,718
221.57
8146.97
4.76
0.37
0.38
0.18
0.33
93.99

Harris
24
15
 −9
593,542
220.02
8366.99
53.88
41.63
0.36
0.65
2.02
1.45

Clark
25
21
 −4
548,369
203.28
8570.27
76.84
18.53
0.41
0.94
1.6
1.68

Lewis
26
23
 −3
509,930
189.03
8759.3
60.97
33.83
0.45
1.14
1.97
1.64

Robinson
27
20
 −7
503,028
186.47
8945.77
51.34
44.1
0.37
0.51
1.99
1.68

Walker
28
25
 −3
501,307
185.83
9131.61
61.25
34.17
0.35
0.83
1.8
1.6

Perez
29
42
 13
488,521
181.09
9312.7
5.95
0.48
1.18
0.26
0.48
91.65

Hall
30
26
 −4
473,568
175.55
9488.25
75.11
20.75
0.48
0.63
1.63
1.4

Young
31
28
 −3
465,948
172.73
9660.97
68.91
23.79
2.95
0.73
1.93
1.69

Allen
32
27
 −5
463,368
171.77
9832.74
70.24
25.14
0.41
0.83
1.77
1.62

Sanchez
33
52
 19
441,242
163.57
9996.31
5.77
0.5
1.01
0.49
0.45
91.78

Wright
34
31
 −3
440,367
163.24
10159.55
68.3
27.36
0.4
0.66
1.75
1.52

King
35
30
 −5
438,986
162.73
10322.28
72.8
22.02
0.88
0.97
1.71
1.62

Scott
36
34
 −2
420,091
155.73
10478.01
62.6
32.26
0.41
1.15
1.9
1.68

Green
37
35
 −2
413,477
153.27
10631.29
59.33
36.23
0.34
0.61
1.78
1.71

Baker
38
37
 −1
413,351
153.23
10784.51
82.08
13.63
0.45
0.83
1.54
1.47

Adams
39
36
 −3
413,086
153.13
10937.64
76.17
19.2
0.45
0.79
1.63
1.76

Nelson
40
39
 −1
412,236
152.81
11090.46
80.29
14.93
0.51
1.09
1.49
1.68

Hill
41
33
 −8
411,770
152.64
11243.1
66.83
28.42
0.42
0.91
1.78
1.64

Ramirez
42
70
 28
388,987
144.2
11387.3
4.4
0.29
0.97
0.27
0.4
93.67

Campbell
43
46
 3
371,953
137.88
11525.18
76.47
19.13
0.43
0.65
1.67
1.65

Mitchell
44
41
 −3
367,433
136.21
11661.38
63.55
31.52
0.39
0.98
1.93
1.63

Roberts
45
43
 −2
366,215
135.75
11797.14
79.56
15.86
0.47
0.85
1.67
1.58

Carter
46
40
 −6
362,548
134.4
11931.53
60.51
34.99
0.39
0.71
1.88
1.52

Phillips
47
45
 −2
351,848
130.43
12061.96
78.95
16.36
0.45
0.99
1.68
1.58

Evans
48
48
0
342,237
126.87
12188.83
70.65
25.05
0.4
0.68
1.67
1.55

Turner
49
44
 −5
335,663
124.43
12313.26
66.67
29.31
0.33
0.56
1.72
1.4

Torres
50
67
 17
325,169
120.54
12433.8
6.05
0.58
1.42
0.26
0.53
91.16

Parker
51
47
 −4
324,246
120.2
12554
71.49
24.09
0.44
0.85
1.67
1.46

Collins
52
50
 −2
317,848
117.83
12671.82
73.92
21.7
0.37
0.75
1.65
1.61

Edwards
53
49
 −4
317,070
117.54
12789.36
65.16
30.21
0.4
0.75
1.84
1.63

Stewart
54
51
 −3
312,899
115.99
12905.35
71.78
23.83
0.38
0.74
1.69
1.59

Flores
55
89
 34
312,615
115.89
13021.23
5.57
0.47
2.15
0.43
0.54
90.84

Morris
56
53
 −3
311,754
115.57
13136.8
75.92
19.29
0.43
0.93
1.7
1.73

Nguyen
57
228
 172
310,125
114.96
13251.76
1.26
0.18
95.93
0.04
2.01
0.58

Murphy
58
59
 1
300,501
111.39
13363.16
85.05
11.03
0.43
0.65
1.29
1.54

Rivera
59
61
 2
299,463
111.01
13474.17
5.92
1.06
2.06
0.24
0.55
90.17

Cook
60
56
 −4
294,795
109.28
13583.45
83.52
12.27
0.44
0.86
1.48
1.42

Rogers
61
54
 −7
294,403
109.13
13692.58
77.8
17.66
0.42
0.77
1.58
1.77

Morgan
62
57
 −5
276,400
102.46
13795.04
78.47
16.47
0.42
1.15
1.64
1.86

Peterson
63
68
 5
275,041
101.96
13897
86.29
9.58
0.52
0.7
1.33
1.56

Cooper
64
66
 −2
270,097
100.12
13997.12
70.36
25.26
0.4
0.76
1.69
1.54

Reed
65
55
 −10
267,443
99.14
14096.26
73.51
21.97
0.4
1
1.67
1.45

Bailey
66
60
 −6
265,916
98.57
14194.84
74.77
21.14
0.4
0.61
1.63
1.45

Bell
67
58
 −9
264,752
98.14
14292.98
63.57
31.78
0.41
0.9
1.8
1.55

Gomez
68
121
 53
263,590
97.71
14390.69
6.1
0.81
1.04
0.34
0.54
91.16

Kelly
69
74
 5
260,385
96.52
14487.22
80.39
15.48
0.49
0.55
1.35
1.73

Howard
70
65
 −5
254,779
94.45
14581.66
66.83
28.69
0.38
0.82
1.74
1.55

Ward
71
66
 −5
254,121
94.2
14675.86
77.79
17.77
0.4
0.83
1.57
1.64

Cox
72
64
 −8
253,771
94.07
14769.94
84.48
11.55
0.39
0.64
1.42
1.52

Diaz
73
99
 26
251,772
93.33
14863.27
6.17
0.73
1.19
0.22
0.47
91.22

Richardson
74
63
 −11
249,533
92.5
14955.77
62.25
32.77
0.36
1.05
1.82
1.75

Wood
75
78
 3
247,299
91.67
15047.44
90.06
5.61
0.51
0.82
1.4
1.6

Watson
76
72
 −4
242,432
89.87
15137.31
68.58
26.85
0.47
0.8
1.72
1.58

Brooks
77
73
 −4
240,751
89.25
15226.56
62.72
32.67
0.41
0.75
1.83
1.62

Bennett
78
77
 −1
239,055
88.62
15315.17
79
16.51
0.41
0.89
1.54
1.65

Gray
79
69
 −10
236,713
87.75
15402.92
71.13
24.36
0.44
0.84
1.66
1.57

James
80
71
 −9
233,224
86.46
15489.38
54.45
38.09
0.81
2.51
2.1
2.04

Reyes
81
141
 60
232,511
86.19
15575.57
5.26
0.75
6.02
0.3
0.76
86.9

Cruz
82
118
 36
231,065
85.66
15661.22
5.95
0.83
5.61
0.38
0.99
86.24

Hughes
83
88
 5
229,390
85.03
15746.26
80.6
15.45
0.39
0.52
1.46
1.58

Price
84
76
 −8
228,756
84.8
15831.06
76.11
19.79
0.42
0.64
1.58
1.46

Myers
85
101
 16
224,824
83.34
15914.4
86.59
9.75
0.38
0.53
1.35
1.4

Long
86
86
0
223,494
82.85
15997.25
82.35
11.75
1.78
1.21
1.44
1.47

Foster
87
93
 6
221,040
81.94
16079.19
72
23.19
0.46
0.86
1.78
1.7

Sanders
88
75
 −13
220,902
81.89
16161.07
63.44
31.9
0.33
0.85
1.73
1.76

Ross
89
80
 −9
219,961
81.54
16242.61
71.46
23.67
0.46
0.89
1.69
1.82

Morales
90
136
 46
217,642
80.68
16323.29
5.6
0.6
1.24
0.25
0.44
91.88

Powell
91
85
 −6
216,553
80.28
16403.57
69.96
25.97
0.38
0.56
1.71
1.41

Sullivan
92
105
 13
215,640
79.94
16483.5
89.45
6.78
0.46
0.52
1.16
1.63

Russell
93
97
 4
215,432
79.86
16563.36
79.45
15.79
0.43
1
1.7
1.63

Ortiz
94
120
 26
214,683
79.58
16642.95
5.4
0.64
0.68
0.48
0.45
92.35

Jenkins
95
83
 −12
213,737
79.23
16722.18
60.12
35.97
0.33
0.55
1.69
1.34

Gutierrez
96
202
 106
212,905
78.92
16801.1
5.21
0.25
1.4
0.33
0.42
92.39

Perry
97
84
 −13
212,644
78.83
16879.93
70.71
24.37
0.46
0.82
1.86
1.78

Butler
98
91
 −7
210,879
78.17
16958.1
64.75
30.85
0.35
0.81
1.75
1.5

Barnes
99
79
 −20
210,426
78
17036.1
67.45
28.23
0.4
0.72
1.71
1.49

Fisher
100
113
 13
210,279
77.95
17114.05
84.59
11.28
0.42
0.71
1.42
1.58

text: Texas (Texan)[edit]

text: There were 440,455 different surnames registered in Texas as of 1995. 95% of these consisted of just 54,277 surnames. Spanish surnames are 12 of the top 20 most common surnames, though they are only approximately 30% of the state's total.[12]

text:
1995 Rank
Name
Origin
Number of people

1
Smith
English
188,840

2
Garcia
Spanish
173,892

3
Martinez
Spanish
146,931

4
Williams
English, Welsh
146,796

5
Johnson
English
145,330

6
Rodriguez
Spanish
131,580

7
Jones
Welsh
129,189

8
Hernandez
Spanish
117,329

9
Brown
English
106,701

10
Davis
English
101,558

11
Garza
Italian
86,876

12
Lopez
Spanish
83,453

13
Gonzalez
Spanish
81,915

14
Perez
Spanish
74,777

15
Flores
Spanish
70,232

16
Gonzales
Spanish
69,800

17
Ramirez
Spanish
68,769

18
Jackson
English
68,534

19
Moore
Irish
67,615

20
Wilson
English, Scottish
65,691

21
Sanchez
Spanish
65,641

22
Taylor
English
64,681

23
Miller
English
62,416

24
Thomas
English
57,681

25
White
English
55,871

26
Thompson
English, Scottish
53,211

27
Harris
English, Scottish
53,185

28
Martin
English
51,774

29
Walker
English
50,402

30
Anderson
English, Scottish
48,367

31
Lewis
English
45,056

32
Allen
Scottish
44,072

33
Torres
Spanish
42,287

34
Green
English
41,906

35
Clark
English
39,801

36
Gomez
Spanish
39,210

37
Hill
English
39,075

38
King
English
37,787

39
Wright
English
37,163

40
Hall
English
37,041

41
Young
English
36,035

42
Castillo
Spanish
35,993

43
Lee
English
35,909

44
Adams
English, Welsh
35,799

45
Trevino
Italian
35,626

46
Scott
Scottish
35,450

47
Gutierrez
Spanish
35,195

48
Robinson
English
35,117

49
Reyes
Spanish
35,092

50
Vasquez
Spanish
34,045


document_title: Yard globe

question_text: a mirrored glass gazing globe in a garden is

text: Yard globe

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: A yard globe, also known as a garden globe, gazing ball, lawn ball, garden ball, gazing globe, mirror ball, chrome ball, or orb, is a mirrored sphere typically displayed atop a conical ceramic or wrought iron stand as a lawn ornament. Its size ranges from 2 to 22 inches in diameter, with the most popular gazing ball being about 12 inches (30 cm). Gazing balls were glass but can now be stainless steel, ceramic, or stained glass.

text: Unlike hanging friendship balls or witch balls that have a loop, gazing balls have a stem so they can securely sit in a stand. Larger sizes can be made but prove difficult due to the weight of the blown glass.

text: History[edit]

text: Gazing balls originated in 13th century Venice, Italy, where they were hand-blown by skilled craftsmen.

text: King Ludwig II of Bavaria, sometimes referred to as Mad King Ludwig, is said to have adorned his Herrenchiemsee palace with lawn balls, however, the palace and gardens were never finished after Ludwig died in 1885. Sometime later the gardens, based on Versailles, were open to the public and visitors may have seen the 'lawn balls,' but the Victorian period was quickly coming to an end. By the 1880s and 90s the nature of English landscape was changing dramatically with William Robinson's and Gertrude Jekyll's designs. It would be difficult to say that "Mad King Ludwig" had much influence in the area of garden ornaments.

text: Gazing balls enjoyed a brief resurgence in popularity in the 1930s. They appear in a number of modernistic gardens of the period as a variation on the traditional sundial or birdbath centrepiece. Many of them from this period may have been made in polished metal rather than glass.

text: Their popularity was probably influenced by the illuminated glass globe which was the central focal point of the modernist garden shown at the Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes, Paris, in 1925. The "Jardin d’Eau et de Lumière" was triangular in shape, largely consisting of tiered triangular reflecting pools and planting beds. At the center of the ensemble was an electrically propelled and internally illuminated sphere of stained glass. "The mirror globe turning slowly to reflect lights is rather a night-club trick than a serious attempt at garden decoration. But it is completely successful in focusing the interest and relieving, by its unexpected location, what would otherwise be an altogether stiff pattern."

text: Other modernist garden designs followed, using plain metal or glass mirror globes; notable examples included several roof top gardens developed by Department Stores in London, America and Australia. This probably made the ispread the idea

text: The gazing ball suited the geometric clean lines of the Art Deco style especially the visual connection with the chrome plating which was part of the Streamline-moderne aesthetic of the 1930s and 1940s - so much so in fact that they became identified in many people’s minds as an invention of the 1930s.

text: Subsequently many people in the 1950s and afterwards viewed them as a bit tacky; an example of prosaic suburban taste of the interwar period on a level with garden gnomes - they have never quite regained status.


document_title: Nick Amaro

question_text: law and order svu nick amaro gets shot

question_tokens: law and order svu nick amaro gets shot

text: Nick Amaro

text: Background[edit]

text: Amaro's father, Nicolas Amaro, Sr. (Armand Assante), was abusive to both his mother and him, and later fled to Miami, Florida. Amaro is of Cuban descent and attributes his firm belief in divorce to watching his mother, Cesaria (Nancy Ticotin), suffer through her marriage.[1] Amaro testifies against his father when Nicolas is accused of beating his new fiancée, Gabriela, but the elder Amaro is acquitted. After the trial, Amaro and his father make a tentative reconciliation.[2]

text: Amaro is fluent in Spanish,[3] and has some Latin. He was married at the start of his tenure with SVU, with a young daughter named Zara.[4]

text: His wife, Maria (Laura Benanti), is stationed overseas for a year, reporting in Iraq, and their marriage is strained by her deployment. In the fourteenth-season premiere, she reveals to Amaro that she is accepting a job in Washington, D.C., and following an argument, they separate. Amaro questions if Maria was diagnosed with PTSD, and expresses his regret that he did not try harder to understand what she was going through.[5] Maria offers to reconcile with Amaro if he moves to California with her and Zara. He ultimately refuses to do so, however.[6]

text: He also has a son with a former girlfriend, Cynthia, named Gil, whom he meets for the first time in the episode "Undercover Blue".

text: Character within SVU[edit]

text: Amaro is a NYPD Detective 2nd Grade who transfers to the Special Victims Unit after spending time with both the Warrants and Narcotics squads. Like Fin, he had previously worked undercover while in Narcotics.[7] Initially, Amaro does not see eye to eye with his new partner, Detective Olivia Benson (Mariska Hargitay), mainly because she misses her old partner, Elliot Stabler (Christopher Meloni). Despite their rocky start, however, Amaro and Benson grow to have a mutual respect for each other and work well together.[7][8]

text: During his early days in SVU, Amaro has a tough time dealing with the horrible crimes he sees every day, and tells Benson he has the urge to physically assault a suspect. She tells him the better solution would be to ensure that the perpetrators never see the light of day again. In the episode "Hunting Ground", Amaro fatally shoots a serial killer who has kidnapped Benson and another woman. It is the first time he has ever killed anyone, and he is badly shaken by the experience.[9]

text: In the episode "Valentine's Day", he sees his wife go into an apartment of a man he does not know.[1] In "Street Revenge", while trying to work a case of vigilante justice, he shadows his wife to see where she goes during the day; he assaults the man she was seen with. She subsequently finds out, and they get into a heated argument in the SVU squad room in front of his colleagues that Munch later proclaims was the moment he knew that their marriage was over. She tells him that the man he saw her with is a psychiatrist she is seeing because she is trying to adapt back into her old life.[10] Amaro is clearly rattled by this, and in subsequent episodes, begins suppressing his anger until it explodes during the investigation into madam Delia Wilson, when he threatens to shoot Detective Brian Cassidy (Dean Winters) if Cassidy does not tell him for whom he is working undercover. This, along with his erratic behavior, briefly alienates his SVU colleagues; for example, they are reluctant to give him sensitive information regarding the false charges against Captain Donald Cragen (Dann Florek), fearing that he will make matters worse.[11][12]

text: In "Twenty-Five Acts", Amaro asks temporary SVU commanding officer Captain Harris (Adam Baldwin) to let him work their rape case solo, telling Benson that she needed a partner she could trust. Benson ends up working the case with Detective Amanda Rollins (Kelli Giddish).[13]

text: In the episode, "Undercover Blue", Cassidy is put on trial for rape. Amaro is called to the stand by ADA Derek Strauss, who asks about his undercover work. When Cassidy's lawyer questions him, Amaro is forced to reveal that he had a romantic relationship with the sister of a drug lord he was investigating undercover. Munch then informs him that the NYPD brass is requesting he take a paternity test because the woman is claiming he has a son from the relationship. He goes to the woman's house to confront her, but is denied by her boyfriend. Later, while watching the boyfriend pick the boy up from school, he witnesses the man use the boy as a carrier during a drug deal. Amaro then meets the boy and tells the woman that her boyfriend is using their son to deal drugs. After Cassidy apologizes to Amaro for what his lawyer did, Cassidy helps Amaro bust the boyfriend for drug dealing. The episode concludes with Amaro knocking on the woman's door, and her reluctantly letting him in.

text: In "Born Psychopath", he is shot by a 10-year-old boy while apprehending him for abusing a young girl.

text: Amaro begins to show great concern when Rollins, a recovering gambling addict, falls off the wagon, and they grow closer. In the episode "Reasonable Doubt", he comes out of a shower in Rollins' apartment, implying that they had been intimate. In "Holden's Manifesto", a murder suspect asks them if they are sleeping together; they do not answer the question, and change the subject.

text: Amaro is arrested for assaulting a suspect, Simon Wilkes (Joshua Malina), while off duty.[6][14] He is then charged by the District Attorney and placed on leave. The charges are subsequently dropped, but he is demoted and reassigned to the 116th Precinct in Queens as a patrol officer.[15] At Benson's request, he is reinstated to SVU after his by-the-book handling of the arrest of Hollywood starlet Tensley Evans (Stevie Lynn Jones).[16]

text: In the season 16 finale, Amaro plans to take the sergeant's exam and move up the ranks. However, Benson tells him that, because of his history of misconduct accusations, the NYPD will never promote him no matter how well he does; angered, Amaro throws his study materials in the garbage. Shortly thereafter, Amaro is involved in a courtroom shootout with Johnny Drake, a brutal sex trafficker and pimp (who is also the biological father of Benson's adopted son). Drake dies from his injuries, while Amaro is hit in the liver and knee. Amaro survives the shootout and is seen in crutches at the end of the episode, requiring three months of physical therapy. He reveals to Benson that he intends to retire from the NYPD because his inability to move up the ranks, in addition to his injuries, makes him ineffective as a cop. He plans to move to California, since Maria is now in Los Angeles with Zara, and Cynthia is planning to move to San Diego with Gil.[17]

text: At the beginning of season 17, Rollins mentions that Amaro is now living in Los Angeles, undergoing physical therapy for his injuries, and angling for a position with the United States Park Police.[18]

text: Awards and decorations[edit]

text: The following are the medals and service awards worn by Detective Amaro, as seen in "Girls Disappeared" and "Producer's Backend".

text:
American Flag Breast Bar

NYPD Meritorious Police Duty

NYPD Excellent Police Duty

text: Appearances and crossovers[edit]

text:
Chicago P.D. — episode: "They'll Have to Go Through Me" (2014)
Chicago P.D. — episode: "The Number Of Rats" (2015)

text: Development[edit]

text: On June 27, 2011, NBC announced that Kelli Giddish and Danny Pino would be brought on as the new series regulars.[19]