document_title: Member states of the United Nations

question_text: when did pakistan become the member of uno

root

text: Member states of the United Nations

text: Original members[edit]

text: The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945, after ratification of the United Nations Charter by the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (the Republic of China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and a majority of the other signatories.[7] A total of 51 original members (or founding members) joined that year; 50 of them signed the Charter at the United Nations Conference on International Organization in San Francisco on 26 June 1945, while Poland, which was not represented at the conference, signed it on 15 October 1945.[8][9]

tag: p

text: The original members of the United Nations were: France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Byelorussia, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Ethiopia, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, India, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Liberia, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, Venezuela and Yugoslavia.[9]

text: Among the original members, 49 are either still UN members or had their memberships in the UN continued by a successor state (see table below); for example, the membership of the Soviet Union was continued by the Russian Federation after its dissolution (see the section Former members: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). The other two original members, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia (i.e., the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia), had been dissolved and their memberships in the UN not continued from 1992 by any one successor state (see the sections Former members: Czechoslovakia and Former members: Yugoslavia).[9]

text: At the time of UN's founding, the seat of China in the UN was held by the Republic of China, but as a result of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 in 1971, it is now held by the People's Republic of China (see the section Former members: Republic of China (Taiwan)).

text: A number of the original members were not sovereign when they joined the UN, and only gained full independence later:[10]

text:
Belarus (then the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic) and Ukraine (then the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic) were both constituent republics of the Soviet Union, until gaining full independence in 1991.
India (whose territory at that time, before the Partition of India, also included the present-day territories of Pakistan and Bangladesh) was under British colonial rule, until gaining full independence in 1947.
The Philippines (then the Philippine Commonwealth) was a commonwealth with the United States, until gaining full independence in 1946.
New Zealand, while de facto sovereign at that time, "only gained full capacity to enter into relations with other states in 1947 when it passed the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act. This occurred 16 years after the British Parliament passed the Statute of Westminster Act in 1931 that recognised New Zealand's autonomy. If judged by the Montevideo Convention criteria, New Zealand did not achieve full de jure statehood until 1947."[11]

tag: ul

text: Current members[edit]

text:
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
United Nations Member States

tag: table

text: The current members and their dates of admission are listed below with their official designations used by the United Nations.[12][13]

text: The alphabetical order by the member states' official designations is used to determine the seating arrangement of the General Assembly sessions, where a draw is held each year to select a member state as the starting point.[14] Several members use their full official names in their official designations and thus are sorted out of order from their common names: the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of Korea, the Republic of Moldova, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (a provisional reference used for all purposes within the UN, and listed under T), and the United Republic of Tanzania.

text: The member states can be sorted by their official designations and dates of admission by clicking on the buttons in the header of the columns. See related sections on former members by clicking on the links in the column See also.

text: Original members are listed with blue background.

text:
Flag
Member state[9][15]
Date of admission
See also

Afghanistan
000000001946-11-19-000019 November 1946
United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan

Albania
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Algeria
000000001962-10-08-00008 October 1962
~ !

Andorra
000000001993-07-28-000028 July 1993
~ !

Angola
000000001976-12-01-00001 December 1976
~ !

Antigua and Barbuda
000000001981-11-11-000011 November 1981
~ !

Argentina
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Armenia
000000001992-03-02-00002 March 1992
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Australia
000000001945-11-01-00001 November 1945
Australia and the United Nations

Austria
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Azerbaijan
000000001992-03-02-00002 March 1992
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Bahamas
000000001973-09-18-000018 September 1973
~ !

Bahrain
000000001971-09-21-000021 September 1971
~ !

Bangladesh
000000001974-09-17-000017 September 1974
~ !

Barbados
000000001966-12-09-00009 December 1966
~ !

Belarus
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
Former member: Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

Belgium
000000001945-12-27-000027 December 1945
~ !

Belize
000000001981-09-25-000025 September 1981
~ !

Benin[note 1]
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Bhutan
000000001971-09-21-000021 September 1971
~ !

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)[note 2]
000000001945-11-14-000014 November 1945
~ !

Bosnia and Herzegovina
000000001992-05-22-000022 May 1992
Former member: Yugoslavia

Botswana
000000001966-10-17-000017 October 1966
~ !

Brazil
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
Brazil and the United Nations

Brunei Darussalam
000000001984-09-21-000021 September 1984
~ !

Bulgaria
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Burkina Faso[note 3]
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Burundi
000000001962-09-18-000018 September 1962
~ !

Cabo Verde[note 4]
000000001975-09-16-000016 September 1975
~ !

Cambodia[note 5]
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Cameroon[note 6]
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Canada
000000001945-11-09-00009 November 1945
Canada and the United Nations

Central African Republic[note 7]
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Chad
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Chile
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

China
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
Former member: Republic of China and China and the United Nations

Colombia
000000001945-11-05-00005 November 1945
~ !

Comoros
000000001975-11-12-000012 November 1975
~ !

Congo[note 8]
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Costa Rica
000000001945-11-02-00002 November 1945
~ !

Côte d'Ivoire[note 9]
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Croatia
000000001992-05-22-000022 May 1992
Former member: Yugoslavia

Cuba
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Cyprus
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Czech Republic
000000001993-01-19-000019 January 1993
Former member: Czechoslovakia

Democratic People's Republic of Korea
000000001991-09-17-000017 September 1991
Korea and the United Nations

Democratic Republic of the Congo[note 10]
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Denmark
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Djibouti
000000001977-09-20-000020 September 1977
~ !

Dominica
000000001978-12-18-000018 December 1978
~ !

Dominican Republic
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Ecuador
000000001945-12-21-000021 December 1945
~ !

Egypt
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
Former member: United Arab Republic

El Salvador
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Equatorial Guinea
000000001968-11-12-000012 November 1968
~ !

Eritrea
000000001993-05-28-000028 May 1993
~ !

Estonia
000000001991-09-17-000017 September 1991
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Ethiopia
000000001945-11-13-000013 November 1945
~ !

Fiji
000000001970-10-13-000013 October 1970
Fiji and the United Nations

Finland
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

France
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
France and the United Nations

Gabon
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Gambia[note 11]
000000001965-09-21-000021 September 1965
~ !

Georgia
000000001992-07-31-000031 July 1992
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Germany
000000001973-09-18-000018 September 1973
Former member: German Democratic Republic and Germany and the United Nations

Ghana
000000001957-03-08-00008 March 1957
~ !

Greece
000000001945-10-25-000025 October 1945
~ !

Grenada
000000001974-09-17-000017 September 1974
~ !

Guatemala
000000001945-11-21-000021 November 1945
~ !

Guinea
000000001958-12-12-000012 December 1958
~ !

Guinea-Bissau
000000001974-09-17-000017 September 1974
~ !

Guyana
000000001966-09-20-000020 September 1966
~ !

Haiti
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Honduras
000000001945-12-17-000017 December 1945
~ !

Hungary
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Iceland
000000001946-11-19-000019 November 1946
~ !

India
000000001945-10-30-000030 October 1945
India and the United Nations

Indonesia[note 12]
000000001950-09-28-000028 September 1950
Withdrawal of Indonesia (1965–1966) and Indonesia and the United Nations

Iran (Islamic Republic of)[note 13]
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Iraq
000000001945-12-21-000021 December 1945
~ !

Ireland
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Israel
000000001949-05-11-000011 May 1949
Israel, Palestine, and the United Nations

Italy
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Jamaica
000000001962-09-18-000018 September 1962
~ !

Japan
000000001956-12-18-000018 December 1956
Japan and the United Nations

Jordan
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Kazakhstan[note 14]
000000001992-03-02-00002 March 1992
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Kenya
000000001963-12-16-000016 December 1963
~ !

Kiribati
000000001999-09-14-000014 September 1999
~ !

Kuwait
000000001963-05-14-000014 May 1963
~ !

Kyrgyzstan
000000001992-03-02-00002 March 1992
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Lao People's Democratic Republic[note 15]
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Latvia
000000001991-09-17-000017 September 1991
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Lebanon
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Lesotho
000000001966-10-17-000017 October 1966
~ !

Liberia
000000001945-11-02-00002 November 1945
~ !

Libya[17][note 16]
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Liechtenstein
000000001990-09-18-000018 September 1990
~ !

Lithuania
000000001991-09-17-000017 September 1991
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Luxembourg
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
Luxembourg and the United Nations

Madagascar[note 17]
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Malawi
000000001964-12-01-00001 December 1964
~ !

Malaysia
000000001957-09-17-000017 September 1957
Former member: Federation of Malaya and Malaysia and the United Nations

Maldives[note 18]
000000001965-09-21-000021 September 1965
~ !

Mali
000000001960-09-28-000028 September 1960
~ !

Malta
000000001964-12-01-00001 December 1964
~ !

Marshall Islands
000000001991-09-17-000017 September 1991
Marshall Islands and the United Nations

Mauritania
000000001961-10-27-000027 October 1961
~ !

Mauritius
000000001968-04-24-000024 April 1968
~ !

Mexico
000000001945-11-07-00007 November 1945
Mexico and the United Nations

Micronesia (Federated States of)
000000001991-09-17-000017 September 1991
Federated States of Micronesia and the United Nations

Monaco
000000001993-05-28-000028 May 1993
~ !

Mongolia
000000001961-10-27-000027 October 1961
~ !

Montenegro
000000002006-06-28-000028 June 2006
Former member: Yugoslavia

Morocco
000000001956-11-12-000012 November 1956
~ !

Mozambique
000000001975-09-16-000016 September 1975
~ !

Myanmar[note 19]
000000001948-04-19-000019 April 1948
~ !

Namibia
000000001990-04-23-000023 April 1990
~ !

Nauru
000000001999-09-14-000014 September 1999
~ !

Nepal
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Netherlands
000000001945-12-10-000010 December 1945
~ !

New Zealand
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
New Zealand and the United Nations

Nicaragua
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Niger
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Nigeria
000000001960-10-07-00007 October 1960
~ !

Norway
000000001945-11-27-000027 November 1945
~ !

Oman
000000001971-10-07-00007 October 1971
~ !

Pakistan
000000001947-09-30-000030 September 1947
Pakistan and the United Nations

Palau
000000001994-12-15-000015 December 1994
~ !

Panama
000000001945-11-13-000013 November 1945
~ !

Papua New Guinea
000000001975-10-10-000010 October 1975
~ !

Paraguay
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Peru
000000001945-10-31-000031 October 1945
~ !

Philippines[note 20]
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
Philippines and the United Nations

Poland
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Portugal
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Qatar
000000001971-09-21-000021 September 1971
~ !

Republic of Korea
000000001991-09-17-000017 September 1991
Korea and the United Nations

Republic of Moldova[note 21]
000000001992-03-02-00002 March 1992
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Romania
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Russian Federation
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and Soviet Union and the United Nations and Russia and the United Nations

Rwanda
000000001962-09-18-000018 September 1962
~ !

Saint Kitts and Nevis[note 22]
000000001983-09-23-000023 September 1983
~ !

Saint Lucia
000000001979-09-18-000018 September 1979
~ !

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
000000001980-09-16-000016 September 1980
~ !

Samoa
000000001976-12-15-000015 December 1976
~ !

San Marino
000000001992-03-02-00002 March 1992
~ !

Sao Tome and Principe[note 23]
000000001975-09-16-000016 September 1975
~ !

Saudi Arabia
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Senegal
000000001960-09-28-000028 September 1960
~ !

Serbia
000000002000-11-01-00001 November 2000
Former member: Yugoslavia and Serbia and the United Nations

Seychelles
000000001976-09-21-000021 September 1976
~ !

Sierra Leone
000000001961-09-27-000027 September 1961
~ !

Singapore
000000001965-09-21-000021 September 1965
Former member: Malaysia and Singapore and the United Nations

Slovakia
000000001993-01-19-000019 January 1993
Former member: Czechoslovakia

Slovenia
000000001992-05-22-000022 May 1992
Former member: Yugoslavia

Solomon Islands
000000001978-09-19-000019 September 1978
~ !

Somalia
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

South Africa[note 24]
000000001945-11-07-00007 November 1945
~ !

South Sudan
000000002011-07-14-000014 July 2011
~ !

Spain
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Sri Lanka[note 25]
000000001955-12-14-000014 December 1955
~ !

Sudan
000000001956-11-12-000012 November 1956
~ !

Suriname[note 26]
000000001975-12-04-00004 December 1975
~ !

Swaziland
000000001968-09-24-000024 September 1968
~ !

Sweden
000000001946-11-19-000019 November 1946
~ !

Switzerland
000000002002-09-10-000010 September 2002
~ !

Syrian Arab Republic
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
Former member: United Arab Republic

Tajikistan
000000001992-03-02-00002 March 1992
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Thailand[note 27]
000000001946-12-16-000016 December 1946
~ !

The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
000000001993-04-08-00008 April 1993
Former member: Yugoslavia

Timor-Leste
000000002002-09-27-000027 September 2002
~ !

Togo
000000001960-09-20-000020 September 1960
~ !

Tonga
000000001999-09-14-000014 September 1999
~ !

Trinidad and Tobago
000000001962-09-18-000018 September 1962
Trinidad and Tobago and the United Nations

Tunisia
000000001956-11-12-000012 November 1956
~ !

Turkey
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
~ !

Turkmenistan
000000001992-03-02-00002 March 1992
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Tuvalu
000000002000-09-05-00005 September 2000
Tuvalu and the United Nations

Uganda
000000001962-10-25-000025 October 1962
~ !

Ukraine
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
Former member: Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

United Arab Emirates
000000001971-12-09-00009 December 1971
~ !

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
United Kingdom and the United Nations

United Republic of Tanzania
000000001961-12-14-000014 December 1961
Former member: Tanganyika and Zanzibar

United States of America
000000001945-10-24-000024 October 1945
United States and the United Nations

Uruguay
000000001945-12-18-000018 December 1945
~ !

Uzbekistan
000000001992-03-02-00002 March 1992
Former member: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Vanuatu
000000001981-09-15-000015 September 1981
Vanuatu and the United Nations

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)[note 28]
000000001945-11-15-000015 November 1945
~ !

Viet Nam
000000001977-09-20-000020 September 1977
~ !

Yemen
000000001947-09-30-000030 September 1947
Former member: Yemen and Democratic Yemen

Zambia
000000001964-12-01-00001 December 1964
~ !

Zimbabwe
000000001980-08-25-000025 August 1980
~ !

text: Former members[edit]

text: Republic of China[edit]

text: The Republic of China (ROC) joined the UN as an original member on 24 October 1945, and as set out by the United Nations Charter, Chapter V, Article 23, became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.[18] In 1949, as a result of the Chinese Civil War, the Kuomintang-led ROC government lost effective control of mainland China and relocated to the island of Taiwan, and the Communist Party-led government of the People's Republic of China (PRC), declared on 1 October 1949, took control of mainland China. The UN was notified on 18 November 1949 of the formation of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China; however, the Government of the Republic of China continued to represent China at the UN, despite the small size of the ROC's jurisdiction of Taiwan and a number of smaller islands compared to the PRC's jurisdiction of mainland China. As both governments claimed to be the sole legitimate representative of China, proposals to effect a change in the representation of China in the UN were discussed but rejected for the next two decades, as the ROC was still recognized as the sole legitimate representative of China by a majority of UN members.[citation needed] Both sides rejected compromise proposals to allow both states to participate in the UN, based on the One-China policy.[19]

text: By the 1970s, a shift had occurred in international diplomatic circles and the PRC had gained the upper hand in international diplomatic relations and recognition count. On 25 October 1971, the 21st time the United Nations General Assembly debated on the PRC's admission into the UN,[20] United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 was adopted, by which it recognized that "the representatives of the Government of the People's Republic of China are the only lawful representatives of China to the United Nations and that the People's Republic of China is one of the five permanent members of the Security Council," and decided "to restore all its rights to the People's Republic of China and to recognize the representatives of its Government as the only legitimate representatives of China to the United Nations, and to expel forthwith the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek from the place which they unlawfully occupy at the United Nations and in all the organizations related to it."[21] This effectively transferred the seat of China in the UN, including its permanent seat on the Security Council, from the ROC to the PRC, and expelled the ROC from the UN. From the United Nations' perspective the "Republic of China" is not a former member. No UN member was expelled in 1971. Rather, the credentials of one Chinese delegation (from Taipei) were rejected and the credentials of another Chinese delegation (from Beijing) were accepted.[citation needed]

text: In addition to losing its seat in the UN, the UN Secretary-General concluded from the resolution that the General Assembly considered Taiwan to be a province of China. Consequently, the Secretary-General decided that it was not permitted for the ROC to become a party to treaties deposited with it.[22]

text: Bids for readmission as the representative of Taiwan[edit]

text: In 1993 the ROC began campaigning to rejoin the UN separately from the People's Republic of China. A number of options were considered, including seeking membership in the specialized agencies, applying for observer status, applying for full membership, or having resolution 2758 revoked to reclaim the seat of China in the UN.[23]

text: Every year from 1993–2006, UN member states submitted a memorandum to the UN Secretary-General requesting that the UN General Assembly consider allowing the ROC to resume participating in the United Nations.[24] This approach was chosen, rather than a formal application for membership, because it could be enacted by the General Assembly, while a membership application would need Security Council approval, where the PRC held a veto.[23] Early proposals recommended admitting the ROC with parallel representation over China, along with the People's Republic of China, pending eventual reunification, citing examples of other divided countries which had become separate UN member states, such as East and West Germany and North and South Korea. Later proposals emphasized that the ROC was a separate state, over which the PRC had no effective sovereignty. These proposed resolutions referred to the ROC under a variety of names: "Republic of China in Taiwan" (1993–94), "Republic of China on Taiwan" (1995–97, 1999–2002), "Republic of China" (1998), "Republic of China (Taiwan)" (2003) and "Taiwan" (2004–06).

text: However, all fourteen attempts were unsuccessful as the General Assembly's General Committee declined to put the issue on the Assembly's agenda for debate, under strong opposition from the PRC.[25]

text: While all these proposals were vague, requesting the ROC be allowed to participate in UN activities without specifying any legal mechanism, in 2007 the ROC submitted a formal application under the name "Taiwan" for full membership in the UN.[26] However, the application was rejected by the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs citing General Assembly Resolution 2758,[27] without being forwarded to the Security Council. Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon stated that:

text: The position of the United Nations is that the People's Republic of China is representing the whole of China as the sole and legitimate representative Government of China. The decision until now about the wish of the people in Taiwan to join the United Nations has been decided on that basis. The resolution (General Assembly Resolution 2758) that you just mentioned is clearly mentioning that the Government of China is the sole and legitimate Government and the position of the United Nations is that Taiwan is part of China.[28]

text: Responding to the UN's rejection of its application, the ROC government has stated that Taiwan is not now nor has it ever been under the jurisdiction of the PRC, and that since General Assembly Resolution 2758 did not clarify the issue of Taiwan's representation in the UN, it does not prevent Taiwan's participation in the UN as an independent sovereign nation.[29] The ROC government also criticized Ban for asserting that Taiwan is part of China and returning the application without passing it to the Security Council or the General Assembly,[30] contrary to UN's standard procedure (Provisional Rules of Procedure of the Security Council, Chapter X, Rule 59).[31] On the other hand, the PRC government, which has stated that Taiwan is part of China and firmly opposes the application of any Taiwan authorities to join the UN either as a member or an observer, praised that UN's decision "was made in accordance with the UN Charter and Resolution 2758 of the UN General Assembly, and showed the UN and its member states' universal adherence to the one-China principle".[32] A group of UN member states put forward a draft resolution for that fall's UN General Assembly calling on the Security Council to consider the application.[26]

text: The following year two referendums in Taiwan on the government's attempts to regain participation at the UN did not pass due to low turnout. That fall the ROC took a new approach, with its allies submitting a resolution requesting that the "Republic of China (Taiwan)" be allowed to have "meaningful participation" in the UN specialized agencies.[33] Again the issue was not put on the Assembly's agenda.[25] In 2009, the ROC chose not to bring the issue of its participation in the UN up for debate at the General Assembly for the first time since it began the campaign in 1993.[34]

text: In May 2009, the Department of Health of the Republic of China was invited by the World Health Organization to attend the 62nd World Health Assembly as an observer under the name "Chinese Taipei". This was the ROC's first participation in an event organized by a UN-affiliated agency since 1971, as a result of the improved cross-strait relations since Ma Ying-jeou became the President of the Republic of China a year before.[35]

text: The Republic of China is officially recognized by 19 UN member states and the Holy See. It maintains unofficial diplomatic relations with around 100 nations, including the United States and Japan.

text: Czechoslovakia[edit]

text: Czechoslovakia joined the UN as an original member on 24 October 1945, with its name changed to the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic on 20 April 1990. Upon the imminent dissolution of Czechoslovakia, in a letter dated 10 December 1992, its Permanent Representative informed the United Nations Secretary-General that the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic would cease to exist on 31 December 1992 and that the Czech Republic and Slovakia, as successor states, would apply for membership in the UN. Neither state sought sole successor state status. Both states were admitted to the UN on 19 January 1993.[36]

text: German Democratic Republic[edit]

text: Both the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) were admitted to the UN on 18 September 1973. Through the accession of the East German federal states to the Federal Republic of Germany, effective from 3 October 1990, the territory of the German Democratic Republic became part of the Federal Republic of Germany, today simply known as Germany. Consequently, the Federal Republic of Germany continued being a member of the UN while the German Democratic Republic ceased to exist.[36]

text: Federation of Malaya[edit]

text: The Federation of Malaya joined the United Nations on 17 September 1957. On 16 September 1963, its name was changed to Malaysia, following the formation of Malaysia from Singapore, North Borneo (now Sabah), Sarawak and the Federation of Malaya. Singapore became an independent State on 9 August 1965 and a Member of the United Nations on 21 September 1965.

text: Tanganyika and Zanzibar[edit]

text: Tanganyika was admitted to the UN on 14 December 1961, and Zanzibar was admitted to the UN on 16 December 1963. Following the ratification on 26 April 1964 of the Articles of Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the two states merged to form the single member "United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar", with its name changed to the United Republic of Tanzania on 1 November 1964.[36][6]

text: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics[edit]

text: The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) joined the UN as an original member on 24 October 1945, and as set out by the United Nations Charter, Chapter V, Article 23, became one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.[18] Upon the imminent dissolution of the USSR, in a letter dated 24 December 1991, Boris Yeltsin, the President of the Russian Federation, informed the United Nations Secretary-General that the membership of the USSR in the Security Council and all other UN organs was being continued by the Russian Federation with the support of the 11 member countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.[36]

text: The other fourteen independent states established from the former Soviet Republics were all admitted to the UN:

text:
The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic joined the UN on 24 October 1945 together with the USSR. After declaring independence, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic changed its name to Ukraine on 24 August 1991, and on 19 September 1991, the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic informed the UN that it had changed its name to Belarus.
Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania were admitted to the UN on 17 September 1991, after regaining independence before the dissolution of the USSR.
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan were admitted to the UN on 2 March 1992.
Georgia was admitted to the UN on 31 July 1992.

text: United Arab Republic[edit]

text: Both Egypt and Syria joined the UN as original members on 24 October 1945. Following a plebiscite on 21 February 1958, the United Arab Republic was established by a union of Egypt and Syria and continued as a single member. On 13 October 1961, Syria, having resumed its status as an independent state, resumed its separate membership in the UN. Egypt continued as a UN member under the name of the United Arab Republic, until it reverted to its original name on 2 September 1971. Syria changed its name to the Syrian Arab Republic on 14 September 1971.[36]

text: Yemen and Democratic Yemen[edit]

text: Yemen (i.e., North Yemen) was admitted to the UN on 30 September 1947; Southern Yemen (i.e., South Yemen) was admitted to the UN on 14 December 1967, with its name changed to the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen on 30 November 1970, and was later referred to as Democratic Yemen. On 22 May 1990, the two states merged to form the Republic of Yemen, which continued as a single member under the name Yemen.[36]

text: Yugoslavia[edit]

text: The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, referred to as Yugoslavia, joined the UN as an original member on 24 October 1945. By 1992, it had been effectively dissolved into five independent states, which were all subsequently admitted to the UN:

text:
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia were admitted to the UN on 22 May 1992.[37]
Macedonia was admitted to the UN on 8 April 1993, being provisionally referred to for all purposes within the UN as "The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia" pending settlement of the difference that had arisen over its name.[38]
The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (name later changed to Serbia and Montenegro) was admitted to the UN on 1 November 2000.[39]

text: Due to the dispute over its legal successor states, the member state "Yugoslavia", referring to the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, remained on the official roster of UN members for many years after its effective dissolution.[36] Following the admission of all five states as new UN members, "Yugoslavia" was removed from the official roster of UN members.

text: The government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, established on 28 April 1992 by the remaining Yugoslav republics of Montenegro and Serbia,[40] claimed itself as the legal successor state of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia;[41] however, on 30 May 1992, United Nations Security Council Resolution 757 was adopted, by which it imposed international sanctions on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia due to its role in the Yugoslav Wars, and noted that "the claim by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) to continue automatically the membership of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the United Nations has not been generally accepted,"[42] and on 22 September 1992, United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/47/1 was adopted, by which it considered that "the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) cannot continue automatically the membership of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the United Nations," and therefore decided that "the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) should apply for membership in the United Nations and that it shall not participate in the work of the General Assembly".[43][44] The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia refused to comply with the resolution for many years, but following the ousting of President Slobodan Milošević from office, it applied for membership, and was admitted to the UN on 1 November 2000.[39] On 4 February 2003, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia had its official name changed to Serbia and Montenegro, following the adoption and promulgation of the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro by the Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[45]

text: On the basis of a referendum held on 21 May 2006, Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on 3 June 2006. In a letter dated on the same day, the President of Serbia informed the United Nations Secretary-General that the membership of Serbia and Montenegro in the UN was being continued by Serbia, following Montenegro's declaration of independence, in accordance with the Constitutional Charter of Serbia and Montenegro.[46] Montenegro was admitted to the UN on 28 June 2006.[47]

text: In the aftermath of the Kosovo War, the territory of Kosovo, then an autonomous province of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, was put under the interim administration of the United Nations Mission in Kosovo on 10 June 1999. On 17 February 2008 it declared independence, but this has not been recognised by Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo is not a member of the UN, but is a member of the International Monetary Fund[48] and the World Bank Group,[49] both specialized agencies in the United Nations System. The Republic of Kosovo is recognised by 112 UN member states, including three of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (France, the United Kingdom, and the United States), while the other two—China and Russia—do not recognise Kosovo. On 22 July 2010, the International Court of Justice, the primary judicial organ of the UN, issued an advisory opinion, ruling that Kosovo's declaration of independence was not in violation of international law.[50]

text: Suspension, expulsion, and withdrawal of members[edit]

text: A member state may be suspended or expelled from the UN, according to the United Nations Charter. From Chapter II, Article 5:[4]

text: A Member of the United Nations against which preventive or enforcement action has been taken by the Security Council may be suspended from the exercise of the rights and privileges of membership by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The exercise of these rights and privileges may be restored by the Security Council.

text: From Article 6:[4]

text: A Member of the United Nations which has persistently violated the Principles contained in the present Charter may be expelled from the Organization by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.

text: Since its inception, no member state has been suspended or expelled from the UN under Articles 5 and 6. However, in a few cases, states were suspended or expelled from participating in UN activities by means other than Articles 5 and 6:

text:
On 25 October 1971, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 was adopted, which recognized the People's Republic of China instead of the Republic of China (since 1949 controlling only Taiwan) as the legitimate representative of China in the UN and effectively expelled the Republic of China from the UN in 1971 (see the section Former members: Republic of China). This act did not constitute as the expulsion of a member state under Article 6, as this would have required Security Council approval and been subjected to vetoes by its permanent members, which included the Republic of China itself and the United States, which at that time still recognized the Republic of China.[51]
In October 1974, the Security Council considered a draft resolution that would have recommended that the General Assembly immediately expel South Africa from the UN, in compliance with Article 6 of the United Nations Charter, due to its apartheid policies.[36] However, the resolution was not adopted because of vetoes by three permanent members of the Security Council: France, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In response, the General Assembly decided to suspend South Africa from participation in the work of the Assembly's 29th session on 12 November 1974; however, South Africa was not formally suspended under Article 5. The suspension lasted until the General Assembly welcomed South Africa back to full participation in the UN on 23 June 1994, following its successful democratic elections earlier that year.[52]
On 28 April 1992, the new Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was established, by the remaining republics of Serbia and Montenegro of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. On 22 September 1992, United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/47/1 was adopted, by which it considered that "the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) cannot continue automatically the membership of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the United Nations," and therefore decided that "the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) should apply for membership in the United Nations and that it shall not participate in the work of the General Assembly". It did not apply for membership until Slobodan Milošević was ousted from the presidency and was admitted on 1 November 2000 (see the section Former members: Yugoslavia).

text: Withdrawal of Indonesia (1965–1966)[edit]

text: Since the inception of the UN, only one member state (excluding those that dissolved or merged with other member states) has unilaterally withdrawn from the UN. During the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation, and in response to the election of Malaysia as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, in a letter dated 20 January 1965, Indonesia informed the United Nations Secretary-General that it had decided "at this stage and under the present circumstances" to withdraw from the UN. However, following the overthrow of President Sukarno, in a telegram dated 19 September 1966, Indonesia notified the Secretary-General of its decision "to resume full cooperation with the United Nations and to resume participation in its activities starting with the twenty-first session of the General Assembly". On 28 September 1966, the United Nations General Assembly took note of the decision of the Government of Indonesia and the President invited the representatives of that country to take their seats in the Assembly.[36]

text: Unlike suspension and expulsion, no express provision is made in the United Nations Charter of whether or how a member can legally withdraw from the UN (largely to prevent the threat of withdrawal from being used as a form of political blackmail, or to evade obligations under the Charter, similar to withdrawals that weakened the UN's predecessor, the League of Nations),[51] or on whether a request for readmission by a withdrawn member should be treated the same as an application for membership, i.e., requiring Security Council as well as General Assembly approval. Indonesia's return to the UN would suggest that this is not required; however, scholars have argued that the course of action taken by the General Assembly was not in accordance with the Charter from a legal point of view.[53]

text: Observers and non-members[edit]

text: In addition to the member states, there are two non-member permanent observer states: the Holy See and the State of Palestine.[54]

text:
The Holy See holds sovereignty over the state of Vatican City and maintains diplomatic relations with 180 other states. It has been an observer state since 6 April 1964,[55] and gained all the rights of full membership except voting on 1 July 2004.[56]
The Palestine Liberation Organization was granted observer status as a "non-member entity" on 22 November 1974.[57] Acknowledging the proclamation of the State of Palestine by the Palestine National Council on 15 November 1988, the United Nations General Assembly decided that, effective as of 15 December 1988, the designation "Palestine" should be used in place of the designation "Palestine Liberation Organization" in the United Nations System.[58] On 23 September 2011, Palestinian National Authority President Mahmoud Abbas submitted the application for UN membership for the State of Palestine to United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon;[59][60] the application has not been voted on by the UN Security Council. On 31 October 2011, the General Assembly of UNESCO voted to admit Palestine as a member, becoming the first UN agency to admit Palestine as a full member.[61] The State of Palestine was recognized as a "non-member state" on 29 November 2012, when the UN General Assembly passed United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19 by a vote of 138 to 9, with 41 abstentions.[62][63][64] The change in status was described by The Independent as "de facto recognition of the sovereign state of Palestine".[65] On 17 December 2012, UN Chief of Protocol Yeocheol Yoon decided that "the designation of 'State of Palestine' shall be used by the Secretariat in all official United Nations documents".[54]

text: The Sovereign Military Order of Malta, while not a state, has observer status at the UN and maintains diplomatic relations with 107 countries.[66][67]

text: A number of states were also granted observer status before being admitted to the UN as full members (see United Nations General Assembly observers for the full list).[68][69][70] The most recent case of an observer state becoming a member state was Switzerland, which was admitted in 2002.[71]

text: A European Union institution, the European Commission, was granted observer status at the UNGA through Resolution 3208 in 1974. The Treaty of Lisbon in 2009 resulted in the delegates being accredited directly to the EU.[72] It was accorded full rights in the General Assembly, bar the right to vote and put forward candidates, via UNGA Resolution A/RES/65/276 on 10 May 2011.[73] It is the only non-state party to over 50 multilateral conventions, and has participated as a full member in every way except for having a vote in a number of UN conferences.[74]

text: The sovereignty status of Western Sahara is in dispute between Morocco and the Polisario Front. Most of the territory is controlled by Morocco, the remainder (the Free Zone) by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, proclaimed by the Polisario Front. Western Sahara is listed by the UN as a "non-self-governing territory".[75]

text: The Cook Islands and Niue, which are both associated states of New Zealand, are not members of the UN, but are members of specialized agencies of the UN such as WHO[76] and UNESCO,[77] and have had their "full treaty-making capacity" recognized by United Nations Secretariat in 1992 and 1994 respectively.[78][79] They have since become parties to a number of international treaties which the UN Secretariat acts as a depositary for, such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change[80] and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,[81] and are treated as non-member states.[82][78] Both the Cook Islands and Niue have expressed a desire to become a UN member state, but New Zealand has said that they would not support the application without a change in their constitutional relationship, in particular their right to New Zealand citizenship.[83][84]


document_title: 89th Academy Awards

question_text: which movie has won the best animation award at the 89th academy awards – 2017

question_tokens: which movie has won the best animation award at the 89th academy awards -- 2017

text: 89th Academy Awards

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text: The nominees for the 89th Academy Awards were announced on January 24, 2017, via global live stream from the Academy.[12] La La Land received the most nominations with a record-tying fourteen (1950's All About Eve and 1997's Titanic also achieved this distinction);[13] Arrival and Moonlight came in second with eight apiece.[14][15] La La Land's Best Picture loss to Moonlight meant it set a record for most nominations without winning Best Picture.

text: O.J.: Made in America, at 467 minutes, became the longest film to win an Academy Award, surpassing the 431-minute War and Peace, which won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in 1969.[16] With Casey Affleck winning the Oscar for Best Actor, he and his older brother, Ben Affleck, became the 16th pair of siblings to win Academy Awards. Mahershala Ali became the first Muslim actor to win an Oscar. Viola Davis became the first black person to receive the Triple Crown of Acting with her Oscar, Tony and Emmy wins. 32-year-old Damien Chazelle became the youngest person to win Best Director; Norman Taurog was 33 when he won Best Director for the 1931 comedy Skippy.

text: Kevin O'Connell finally ended the longest losing streak in Oscar history after 20 unsuccessful nominations for sound mixing, winning for Hacksaw Ridge. Moonlight 's Dede Gardner became the first woman to win twice for producing, following her previous Best Picture win for 12 Years a Slave. This was the first time since the 70th Academy Awards that none of the winners of the acting awards won for playing real people, and the first time since the 70th Awards that all four acting winners were American.

text: Awards[edit]

text: Winners are listed first and highlighted in boldface.[17]

text:
Best Picture

Moonlight – Adele Romanski, Dede Gardner, and Jeremy Kleiner

Arrival – Shawn Levy, Dan Levine, Aaron Ryder, and David Linde
Fences – Scott Rudin, Denzel Washington, and Todd Black
Hacksaw Ridge – Bill Mechanic and David Permut
Hell or High Water – Carla Hacken and Julie Yorn
Hidden Figures – Donna Gigliotti, Peter Chernin, Jenno Topping, Pharrell Williams, and Theodore Melfi
La La Land – Fred Berger, Jordan Horowitz, and Marc Platt
Lion – Emile Sherman, Iain Canning, and Angie Fielder
Manchester by the Sea – Matt Damon, Kimberly Steward, Chris Moore, Lauren Beck, and Kevin J. Walsh

Best Director

Damien Chazelle – La La Land

Denis Villeneuve – Arrival
Mel Gibson – Hacksaw Ridge
Kenneth Lonergan – Manchester by the Sea
Barry Jenkins – Moonlight

Best Actor

Casey Affleck – Manchester by the Sea as Lee Chandler

Andrew Garfield – Hacksaw Ridge as Desmond T. Doss
Ryan Gosling – La La Land as Sebastian Wilder
Viggo Mortensen – Captain Fantastic as Ben Cash
Denzel Washington – Fences as Troy Maxson

Best Actress

Emma Stone – La La Land as Mia Dolan

Isabelle Huppert – Elle as Michèle Leblanc
Ruth Negga – Loving as Mildred Loving
Natalie Portman – Jackie as Jackie Kennedy
Meryl Streep – Florence Foster Jenkins as Florence Foster Jenkins

Best Supporting Actor

Mahershala Ali – Moonlight as Juan

Jeff Bridges – Hell or High Water as Marcus Hamilton
Lucas Hedges – Manchester by the Sea as Patrick Chandler
Dev Patel – Lion as Saroo Brierley
Michael Shannon – Nocturnal Animals as Detective Bobby Andes

Best Supporting Actress

Viola Davis – Fences as Rose Maxson

Naomie Harris – Moonlight as Paula
Nicole Kidman – Lion as Sue Brierley
Octavia Spencer – Hidden Figures as Dorothy Vaughan
Michelle Williams – Manchester by the Sea as Randi Chandler

Best Original Screenplay

Manchester by the Sea – Written by Kenneth Lonergan

20th Century Women – Written by Mike Mills
Hell or High Water – Written by Taylor Sheridan
La La Land – Written by Damien Chazelle
The Lobster – Written by Yorgos Lanthimos and Efthimis Filippou

Best Adapted Screenplay

Moonlight – Screenplay by Barry Jenkins; Story by Tarell Alvin McCraney based on the play In Moonlight Black Boys Look Blue by Tarell Alvin McCraney

Arrival – Eric Heisserer based on the story "Story of Your Life" written by Ted Chiang
Fences – August Wilson (posthumous nomination) based on his play
Hidden Figures – Allison Schroeder and Theodore Melfi based on the book by Margot Lee Shetterly
Lion – Luke Davies adapted from the book A Long Way Home by Saroo Brierley

Best Animated Feature Film

Zootopia – Byron Howard, Rich Moore, and Clark Spencer

Kubo and the Two Strings – Travis Knight and Arianne Sutner
Moana – John Musker, Ron Clements, and Osnat Shurer
My Life as a Zucchini – Claude Barras and Max Karli
The Red Turtle – Michaël Dudok de Wit and Toshio Suzuki

Best Foreign Language Film

The Salesman (Iran) in Persian – Directed by Asghar Farhadi

Land of Mine (Denmark) in Danish – Directed by Martin Zandvliet
A Man Called Ove (Sweden) in Swedish – Directed by Hannes Holm
Tanna (Australia) in Nauvhal – Directed by Martin Butler and Bentley Dean
Toni Erdmann (Germany) in German – Directed by Maren Ade

Best Documentary – Feature

O.J.: Made in America – Ezra Edelman and Caroline Waterlow

Fire at Sea – Gianfranco Rosi and Donatella Palermo
I Am Not Your Negro – Raoul Peck, Rémi Grellety, and Hébert Peck
Life, Animated – Roger Ross Williams and Julie Goldman
13th – Ava DuVernay, Spencer Averick, and Howard Barish

Best Documentary – Short Subject

The White Helmets – Orlando von Einsiedel and Joanna Natasegara

Extremis – Dan Krauss
4.1 Miles – Daphne Matziaraki
Joe's Violin – Kahane Cooperman and Raphaela Neihausen
Watani: My Homeland – Marcel Mettelsiefen and Stephen Ellis

Best Live Action Short Film

Sing – Kristóf Deák and Anna Udvardy

Ennemis intérieurs – Sélim Azzazi
La femme et le TGV – Timo von Gunten and Giacun Caduff
Silent Nights – Aske Bang and Kim Magnusson
Timecode – Juanjo Giménez

Best Animated Short Film

Piper – Alan Barillaro and Marc Sondheimer

Blind Vaysha – Theodore Ushev
Borrowed Time – Andrew Coats and Lou Hamou-Lhadj
Pear Cider and Cigarettes – Robert Valley and Cara Speller
Pearl – Patrick Osborne

Best Original Score

La La Land by Justin Hurwitz

Jackie by Mica Levi
Lion by Dustin O'Halloran and Hauschka
Moonlight by Nicholas Britell
Passengers by Thomas Newman

Best Original Song

"City of Stars" from La La Land – Music by Justin Hurwitz; Lyrics by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

"Audition (The Fools Who Dream)" from La La Land – Music by Justin Hurwitz; Lyrics by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
"Can't Stop the Feeling!" from Trolls – Music and Lyrics by Justin Timberlake, Max Martin, and Karl Johan Schuster
"The Empty Chair" from Jim: The James Foley Story – Music and Lyrics by J. Ralph and Sting
"How Far I'll Go" from Moana – Music and Lyrics by Lin-Manuel Miranda

Best Sound Editing

Arrival – Sylvain Bellemare

Deepwater Horizon – Wylie Stateman and Renée Tondelli
Hacksaw Ridge – Robert Mackenzie and Andy Wright
La La Land – Ai-Ling Lee and Mildred Iatrou Morgan
Sully – Alan Robert Murray and Bub Asman

Best Sound Mixing

Hacksaw Ridge – Kevin O'Connell, Andy Wright, Robert Mackenzie, and Peter Grace

Arrival – Bernard Gariépy Strobl and Claude La Haye
La La Land – Andy Nelson, Ai-Ling Lee, and Steve A. Morrow
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story – David Parker, Christopher Scarabosio, and Stuart Wilson
13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi – Greg P. Russell,[m 1] Gary Summers, Jeffrey J. Haboush, and Mac Ruth

Best Production Design

La La Land – Production Design: David Wasco; Set Decoration: Sandy Reynolds-Wasco

Arrival – Production Design: Patrice Vermette; Set Decoration: Paul Hotte
Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them – Production Design: Stuart Craig; Set Decoration: Anna Pinnock
Hail, Caesar! – Production Design: Jess Gonchor; Set Decoration: Nancy Haigh
Passengers – Production Design: Guy Hendrix Dyas; Set Decoration: Gene Serdena

Best Cinematography

La La Land – Linus Sandgren

Arrival – Bradford Young
Lion – Greig Fraser
Moonlight – James Laxton
Silence – Rodrigo Prieto

Best Makeup and Hairstyling

Suicide Squad – Alessandro Bertolazzi, Giorgio Gregorini, and Christopher Nelson

A Man Called Ove – Eva von Bahr and Love Larson
Star Trek Beyond – Joel Harlow and Richard Alonzo

Best Costume Design

Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them – Colleen Atwood

Allied – Joanna Johnston
Florence Foster Jenkins – Consolata Boyle
Jackie – Madeline Fontaine
La La Land – Mary Zophres

Best Film Editing

Hacksaw Ridge – John Gilbert

Arrival – Joe Walker
Hell or High Water – Jake Roberts
La La Land – Tom Cross
Moonlight – Nat Sanders and Joi McMillon

Best Visual Effects

The Jungle Book – Robert Legato, Adam Valdez, Andrew R. Jones, and Dan Lemmon

Deepwater Horizon – Craig Hammack, Jason Snell, Jason Billington, and Burt Dalton
Doctor Strange – Stephane Ceretti, Richard Bluff, Vincent Cirelli, and Paul Corbould
Kubo and the Two Strings – Steve Emerson, Oliver Jones, Brian McLean, and Brad Schiff
Rogue One: A Star Wars Story – John Knoll, Mohen Leo, Hal Hickel, and Neil Corbould

text: Jump up ^ AMPAS revoked Russell's nomination after discovering that he had contacted voters for the award by telephone in violation of campaigning regulations.[18]

tag: ol

text: Governors Awards[edit]

text: The Academy held its eighth annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 12, 2016, during which the following awards were presented:[19]

text:
Jackie Chan — Hong Kong martial artist, actor, director, producer, and singer.[20]
Anne V. Coates — British film editor.[21]
Lynn Stalmaster — American casting director.[22]
Frederick Wiseman — American filmmaker, documentarian, and theatrical director.[23]

text: Films with multiple nominations and awards[edit]

text:
Films that received multiple nominations[24]

Nominations
Film

14
La La Land

8
Arrival

Moonlight

6
Hacksaw Ridge

Lion

Manchester by the Sea

4
Fences

Hell or High Water

3
Hidden Figures

Jackie

2
A Man Called Ove

Deepwater Horizon

Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them

Florence Foster Jenkins

Kubo and the Two Strings

Moana

Passengers

Rogue One: A Star Wars Story

text:
Films that received multiple awards[24]

Awards
Film

6
La La Land

3
Moonlight

2
Hacksaw Ridge

Manchester by the Sea

text: Presenters and performers[edit]

text: The following individuals were brought onto the ceremony to present awards or perform musical numbers.[25][26]

text: Presenters[edit]

text:
Name(s)
Role

Randy Thomas
Announcer for the 89th Annual Academy Awards

Vikander, AliciaAlicia Vikander
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor

Bateman, JasonJason Bateman and
McKinnon, KateKate McKinnon
Presenters of the awards for Best Makeup and Hairstyling and Costume Design

Henson, Taraji P.Taraji P. Henson,
Johnson, KatherineKatherine Johnson,
Monáe, JanelleJanelle Monáe, and
Spencer, OctaviaOctavia Spencer
Presenters of the award for Best Documentary Feature

Johnson, DwayneDwayne Johnson
Presenter of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "How Far I'll Go"

Isaacs, Cheryl BooneCheryl Boone Isaacs (AMPAS president)
Special presentation highlighting the benefits of film and diversity

Evans, ChrisChris Evans and
Boutella, SofiaSofia Boutella
Presenters of the awards for Best Sound Editing and Best Sound Mixing

Vaughn, VinceVince Vaughn
Presenter of the Governor Award winners

Rylance, MarkMark Rylance
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress

Theron, CharlizeCharlize Theron and
MacLaine, ShirleyShirley MacLaine
Presenters of the award for Best Foreign Language Film

Patel, DevDev Patel
Presenter of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "The Empty Chair"

García Bernal, GaelGael García Bernal and
Steinfeld, HaileeHailee Steinfeld
Presenters of the awards for Best Animated Short Film and Best Animated Feature Film

Dornan, JamieJamie Dornan and
Johnson, DakotaDakota Johnson
Presenters of the award for Best Production Design

Jones, FelicityFelicity Jones and
Ahmed, RizRiz Ahmed
Presenters of the award for Best Visual Effects

Fox, Michael J.Michael J. Fox and
Rogen, SethSeth Rogen
Presenters of the award for Best Film Editing

Hayek, SalmaSalma Hayek and
Oyelowo, DavidDavid Oyelowo
Presenters of the awards for Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Live Action Short Film

Cho, JohnJohn Cho and
Mann, LeslieLeslie Mann
Presenter of the segment of the Academy Scientific and Technical Award !Presenters of the segment of the Academy Scientific and Technical Awards

Bardem, JavierJavier Bardem and
Streep, MerylMeryl Streep
Presenters of the award for Best Cinematography

Gosling, RyanRyan Gosling and
Stone, EmmaEmma Stone
Presenters of the performance of Best Original Song nominees "Audition (The Fools Who Dream)" and "City of Stars"

Jackson, Samuel L.Samuel L. Jackson
Presenter of the award for Best Original Score

Johansson, ScarlettScarlett Johansson
Presenter of the award for Best Original Song

Aniston, JenniferJennifer Aniston
Presenter of the In Memoriam tribute

Affleck, BenBen Affleck and
Matt Damon[n 1]
Presenters of the award for Best Original Screenplay

Adams, AmyAmy Adams
Presenter of the award for Best Adapted Screenplay

Berry, HalleHalle Berry
Presenter of the award for Best Director

Larson, BrieBrie Larson
Presenter of the award for Best Actor

DiCaprio, LeonardoLeonardo DiCaprio
Presenter of the award for Best Actress

Beatty, WarrenWarren Beatty and
Dunaway, FayeFaye Dunaway
Presenters of the award for Best Picture (see also Best Picture announcement error)

text: Jump up ^ Referred to only as Ben Affleck's "guest" in this segment

text: Performers[edit]

text:
Name(s)
Role
Performed

Wheeler, HaroldHarold Wheeler
Musical arranger and Conductor
Orchestral

Timberlake, JustinJustin Timberlake
Performer
"Can't Stop the Feeling!" from Trolls and "Lovely Day"

Cravalho, Auli'iAuli'i Cravalho and
Miranda, Lin-ManuelLin-Manuel Miranda
Performers
"How Far I'll Go" from Moana

Sting, Sting
Performer
"The Empty Chair" from Jim: The James Foley Story

Legend, JohnJohn Legend
Performer
"City of Stars" and "Audition (The Fools Who Dream)" from La La Land

Bareilles, SaraSara Bareilles
Performer
"Both Sides, Now" during the annual In Memoriam tribute

Kimmel, JimmyJimmy Kimmel
Conductor
Playing-off music interrupting presentation of award for Best Original Screenplay

text: Ceremony information[edit]

text: Due to the mixed reception and low ratings of the previous year's ceremony, producers David Hill and Reginald Hudlin declined to helm the upcoming festivities. They were replaced by Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd as producers.[27][28] Actor and comedian Chris Rock told Variety regarding if he would return to host, "Someone else will do it."[29] On December 5, 2016, it was announced that Jimmy Kimmel would host the ceremony.[30] Kimmel expressed that it was truly an honor and a thrill to be asked to host Academy Awards, commenting "Mike and Jennifer have an excellent plan and their enthusiasm is infectious. I am honored to have been chosen to host the 89th and final Oscars."[31]

text: Due to his hosting duties, ABC did not broadcast a special episode of Jimmy Kimmel Live! following the ceremony, as in past years. Instead, ABC aired Live from Hollywood: The After Party, co-hosted by Anthony Anderson, and Lara Spencer of Good Morning America.[32] The stage set was designed by Derek McLane.[33]

text: Box office performance of nominated films[edit]

text:
North American box office gross for Best Picture nominees[34]

Film
Pre-nomination
(before Jan. 24)
Post-nomination
(Jan. 24 – Feb. 26)
Post-awards
(after Feb. 26)
Total

Hidden Figures
$85 million
$67.7 million
$16.5 million
$169.3 million

La La Land
$90.5 million
$50.5 million
$10.2 million
$151.1 million

Arrival
$95.7 million
$4.6 million
$210,648
$100.5 million

Hacksaw Ridge
$65.5 million
$1.4 million
$274,090
$67.2 million

Fences
$48.8 million
$7.7 million
$1.1 million
$57.7 million

Lion
$16.5 million
$26.3 million
$8.9 million
$51.7 million

Manchester by the Sea
$39 million
$7.9 million
$819,980
$47.7 million

Moonlight
$15.9 million
$6.4 million
$5.6 million
$27.9 million

Hell or High Water
$27 million
–
–
$27 million

Total
$483.9 million
$172.4 million
$43.6 million
$700.1 million

Average
$53.8 million
$19.2 million
$4.8 million
$77.8 million

text: At the time of the nominations announcement on January 24, 2017, the combined gross of the nine Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $483.8 million, with an average of $53.8 million per film.[34] When the nominations were announced, Arrival was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $95.7 million in domestic box office receipts. La La Land was the second-highest-grossing film with $90.5 million, followed by Hidden Figures ($85 million), Hacksaw Ridge ($65.5 million), Fences ($48.8 million), Manchester by the Sea ($39 million), Hell or High Water ($27 million), Lion ($16.5 million) and Moonlight ($15.8 million).[34]

text: Thirty-five nominations went to 13 films on the list of the top 50 grossing movies of the year. Of those 13 films, only Zootopia (3rd), Moana (15th), La La Land (45th), and Arrival (48th) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature or any of the directing, acting or screenwriting awards. The other top 50 box-office hits that earned nominations were Rogue One: A Star Wars Story (4th), The Jungle Book (5th), Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (8th), Suicide Squad (10th), Doctor Strange (11th), Star Trek Beyond (24th), Trolls (25th), Passengers (30th), and Sully (32nd).

text: Racial diversity[edit]

text: In the previous two years, the awards had come under scrutiny for the lack of racial diversity among the nominees in major categories, which included no actors of color being nominated.[35] After the nominees for the 89th Awards were announced on January 24, many media outlets noted the diversity of the nominations, which included a record-tying seven minority actors and a record-setting six black actors.[36][37][38] For the first time in the Academy's history, each acting category had black actors, with three nominated in the Best Supporting Actress category and three black screenwriters nominated in the Best Adapted Screenplay category in the same year. Also nominated was one black director, the fourth in Oscar history.[39][40][41]

text: The awards continued to be criticized by actors and media organizations representing non-black minorities. The National Hispanic Media Coalition stated that Latino actors were "not getting the opportunities to work in front of camera, and with few exceptions, in back of the camera as well." Daniel Mayeda, chair of the Asian Pacific American Media Coalition, stated that the omission of Asian actors from the nominations list (with only one actor, Dev Patel, nominated) reflected "the continued lack of real opportunities for Asians in Hollywood."[42] A skit performed during the ceremony, in which a group of tourists enter the theater, led to criticism of host Jimmy Kimmel over his mocking of an Asian woman's name.[43]

text: Having previously been nominated for Doubt (2008) and The Help (2011), Viola Davis became the first African-American actress to garner three Academy Award nominations.[44][45] She went on to win the award, making her the first African-American to achieve the Triple Crown of Acting: winning a competitive Emmy, Tony, and Oscar in acting categories. Bradford Young became the first African-American to be nominated for Best Cinematography, while Joi McMillon became the first African-American to be nominated for Best Film Editing since Hugh A. Robertson for Midnight Cowboy, as well as the first black woman to be nominated for that award.[46][47][48]

text: Moonlight became the first film with an all-black cast to win the Best Picture award.[11] Additionally, the ceremony had the most black winners of the Academy Awards ever.[49]

text: Travel ban controversy[edit]

text: Iranian director Asghar Farhadi, who won the Best Foreign Language Film for The Salesman, was revealed to initially be unable to attend the ceremony due to President Donald Trump's immigration ban. He boycotted the event, saying, "I have decided to not attend the Academy Awards ceremony alongside my fellow members of the cinematic community."[50] The Academy president Cheryl Boone Isaacs reacted to the travel ban, saying, "America should always be not a barrier but a beacon and each and every one of us knows that there are some empty chairs in this room which has made academy artists into activists."[51]

text: Two prominent Iranian Americans – engineer Anousheh Ansari, known as the first female space tourist, and Firouz Naderi, a former director of Solar Systems Exploration at NASA – accepted Asghar Farhadi's Oscar on his behalf at the ceremony.[52] Congratulations which had initially been tweeted to the Iranian people from the US State Department's official Persian-language Twitter account were deleted following the acceptance speech given by Firouz Naderi in which President Trump's travel ban was described as "inhumane".[53]

text: Best Picture announcement error[edit]

text: Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway came onstage to present the award for Best Picture, in celebration of the 50th anniversary of Bonnie and Clyde. After opening the envelope, Beatty hesitated to announce the winner, eventually showing it to Dunaway, who glanced at it and declared La La Land the winner. However, more than two minutes later, as the producers of La La Land were making their acceptance speeches, Oscar crew members came on stage and took the envelopes from those assembled, explaining to them that there had been a mistake. La La Land producer Fred Berger, having heard the news, concluded his brief speech by saying "we lost, by the way".

text: Beatty was then given the correct opened envelope as La La Land producer Jordan Horowitz stepped to the microphone, announced the error, stated that Moonlight had actually won the award, and took the card bearing the film's title from Beatty's hand and showed it to the camera and the audience as proof. Horowitz would later be praised for his professional handling of the situation. Beatty returned to the microphone and explained that the envelope he had initially been given named Emma Stone for her performance in La La Land, hence his confused pause, and confirmed that Moonlight was the winner. The producers of Moonlight then came onstage, Horowitz presented the Best Picture award given to him to them, and they gave their acceptance speeches.[8][54][55]

text: According to The Hollywood Reporter, PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) – the accounting firm responsible for tabulating results, preparing the envelopes, and handing them to presenters – creates two sets of envelopes, which are kept on opposite sides of the stage.[56] It is intended that each award has one primary envelope and one backup envelope that remains with one of the PwC Accountants in the wings. Video stills from the broadcast show that Beatty and Dunaway had been given the single remaining still-unopened backup envelope for Actress in a Leading Role as they walked onto the stage.[57]

text: PwC issued a statement apologizing for this error:

text:
“
We sincerely apologize to Moonlight, La La Land, Warren Beatty, Faye Dunaway, and Oscar viewers for the error that was made during the award announcement for Best Picture. The presenters had mistakenly been given the wrong category envelope and when discovered, was immediately corrected. We are currently investigating how this could have happened, and deeply regret that this occurred. We appreciate the grace with which the nominees, the Academy, ABC, and Jimmy Kimmel handled the situation.[58]
”

text: An article from The New York Times explained:

text:
“
The design of the envelopes could have been a factor. The envelopes were redesigned this year to feature red paper with gold lettering that specified the award enclosed, rather than gold paper with dark lettering. That could have made the lettering harder to read. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, not PwC, is responsible for the design and procurement of the envelopes.[59]
”

text: Brian Cullinan, the PwC accountant who handed Beatty the wrong envelope, had been instructed not to use social media during the event, but had tweeted a snapshot of Emma Stone moments before handing the wrong envelope to the official presenters.[60] Variety published photographs of Cullinan that were taken at the time which showed him backstage while tweeting the image.[61]

text: Critical reception and television ratings[edit]

text: The show received a mixed reception from media publications. Some media outlets received the broadcast more positively with praise directed toward host Kimmel. Television critic Sonia Saraiya of the Variety remarked, "Kimmel’s Oscars found a way to balance the telecast between that sensibility — the treacly self-satisfaction of sweeping orchestrals and tap-dancing starlets — and the very real widening gulf between the wealthy and cultured elites in Hollywood and the global public they make art for."[62] Robert Bianco of USA Today said that, "a host can make matters better or worse, and on that scale, Kimmel definitely fell on the 'better' side. He was a constantly amusing, good-natured presence who usually hit the mark, and who was able to recover quickly when he didn't." [63] Television critic Brian Lowry from CNN stated, "Kimmel proved a helpful choice given the polarized climate. He brought a light touch to his satire—acknowledging partisan division and poking at Trump without seeming mean-spirited—and an overall silliness to the proceedings."[64]

text: Others were more critical of the show. Jeff Jensen of Entertainment Weekly remarked, "Kimmel (and/or the producers) didn’t know when to stop and didn’t know when to bail on stuff that wasn’t working, a judgment fail that got more irritating at the show went long. They had to do the parachuting snack delivery thing three times?"[65] Time television critic Daniel D’Addario wrote, "To dispense with what did not work: It was unfortunate that the evening's host didn't seem to share the evening's general embrace of humanity, but, well, one can't have everything."[66] The Oregonian columnist Kristi Turnquist wrote, "His recurring visits got less entertaining as the evening dragged on." She added, "And does anybody else find the long-running mock feud between Kimmel and Matt Damon as hilarious as they do? By the end of the Oscars broadcast, this bit felt as tedious as the ill-advised recurring segments featuring actors waxing on about favorite films."[67]

text: Attaining 32.9 million U.S. viewers according to Nielsen ratings, the ceremony's telecast had a 4-percent drop in viewership from last year's ceremony and had the lowest U.S. viewership since the 80th ceremony in 2008, which averaged 32 million viewers.[68]

text: In Memoriam[edit]

text: The annual In Memoriam segment was introduced by Jennifer Aniston with Sara Bareilles performing a rendition of "Both Sides, Now" during the montage.[69][70] Beforehand, Aniston paid verbal tribute to actor Bill Paxton, who died the day before the ceremony. The segment paid tribute to:

text:
Arthur Hiller
Ken Adam
Tracy Scott
Bill Nunn
Alice Arlen
George Kennedy
Gene Wilder
Donald P. Harris
Paul Sylbert
Michael Cimino
Andrzej Wajda
Patty Duke
Garry Marshall
Wilma Baker
Emmanuelle Riva
Janet Patterson
Anton Yelchin
Mary Tyler Moore
Prince
Kenny Baker
John Hurt
Jim Clark
Norma Moriceau
Fern Buchner
Kit West
Lupita Tovar
Manlio Rocchetti
Pat Conroy
Nancy Davis Reagan
Abbas Kiarostami
William Peter Blatty
Ken Howard
Tyrus Wong
Héctor Babenco
Curtis Hanson
Marni Nixon
Ray West
Raoul Coutard
Zsa Zsa Gabor
Antony Gibbs
Om Puri
Andrea Jaffe
Richard Portman
Debbie Reynolds
Carrie Fisher

text: Errors[edit]

text: The slide for Janet Patterson, an Australian costume designer, mistakenly used a photograph of Australian producer Jan Chapman, who is still alive.[71]


document_title: National Severe Weather Warning Service

question_text: what to do in a red weather warning

question_tokens: what to do in a red weather warning

text: National Severe Weather Warning Service

text: Types of Warnings[edit]

text: Warnings are issued for severe weather which is expected to arrive in the next 5 days. They are issued in response to seven different weather elements: Rain, Thunderstorms, Hailstones, Snow, Ice, Fog and Wind. Two types of warnings are issued: Alerts are issued for severe weather that is expected more than 24 hours ahead and Warnings are issued when the weather is expected in the next 24 hours.

text: Warning Colours[edit]

text: Warnings are given a colour depending on a combination of both the likelihood of the event happening and the impact the conditions may have and could be Yellow, Amber or Red.[3]

text: Yellow: Be aware. Severely bad weather is possible over the next few days and could affect people in the concerned area. Yellow means that you should plan ahead thinking about possible travel delays, or the disruption of your day-to-day activities. The Met Office is monitoring the developing weather situation and Yellow means keep an eye on the latest forecast and be aware that the weather may change or worsen, leading to disruption of your plans in the next few days.

text: Amber: Be prepared. There is an increased likelihood of Severely or Extremely bad weather affecting people in the concerned area, which could potentially disrupt people's plans and possibly cause travel delays, road and rail closures, interruption to power and the potential risk to life and property. Amber means people need to be prepared to change plans and protect themselves, their family and community from the impacts of the severe weather based on the forecast from the Met Office.

text: Red: Take action. Extremely bad weather is expected. Red means people in the concerned areas should take action now to keep themselves and others safe from the impact of the weather. Widespread damage, travel and power disruption and risk to life is likely. You must avoid dangerous areas and follow the advice of the emergency services and local authorities.

text: Warning Distribution[edit]

text: The Met Office uses a wide variety of media in order to inform the public of any warnings that have been issued.

text:
Television and radio are still the main way that people keep up-to-date with the weather so the Met Office uses the weather broadcasts on terrestrial television and radio stations to highlight significant weather warnings.
The Met Office also uses a wide variety of social media in order to highlight severe weather and warnings that have been issued. These range from the website, Facebook and Twitter to their own YouTube channel. The BBC also has a weather website which uses Met Office data.
The Met Office has developed weather apps for mobile devices which allow users to set up notifications which will alert them when a warning has been issued for their area of interest.