document_title: List of Dragon Ball Z episodes (season 8)

question_text: what episode does goku become super saiyan 3

text: Episode list[edit]

text:
Orig. ep#
Initial dub ep#
Translated title/Funimation's dub title
Original Japanese title
Original airdate
English airdate

220
205
"The Man Behind the Curtains Appears!! The Evil Madoshi Babidi" / "The Wizard's Curse"
"Kuromaku Tōjō!! Aku no Madōshi Babidi" (黒幕登場!!悪の魔導師バビディ)
March 9, 1994
October 15, 2001

Videl can't keep up with Gohan and Kibito, so she decides to go back. Before she leaves she realizes that Gohan was the kid who defeated Cell and not her father, and says that she will date him once he comes back. They follow Spopovich and Yamu to Babidi's spaceship. Babidi comes out, along with his new partner Dabura, the King of the Demons. After Spopovich and Yamu deliver the energy to Babidi, the wizard has no use for them, and he kills both of them.

221
206
"The Awaiting Trap!! A Challenge from the Demon Realm" / "King of the Demons"
"Machiukeru Wana!! Makai kara no Chōsenjō" (待ち受けるワナ!!魔界からの挑戦状)
March 16, 1994
October 16, 2001

Babidi enters the spaceship, but Dabura suddenly flies over to the Z Fighters, and he kills Kibito. Goku and Vegeta take some shots at him, but they miss. Dabura spits on Krillin and Piccolo, turning them both to stone. The only way to revive them is to kill Dabura. This lures the warriors into the ship. Upon arrival, they meet Babidi's henchman, Pui Pui, who tells them that they must fight a different opponent on each level of the spaceship, and as they are beaten up, their energy will be absorbed by the room and injected into the ball that contains Buu.

222
207
"Don't Toy With Me!! Vegeta's Breakthrough First Strike of Fury" / "Vegeta Attacks"
"Nameru na!! Bejīta Ikari no Shosen Toppa" (なめるな!!ベジータ怒りの初戦突破)
March 23, 1994
October 17, 2001

Vegeta starts to beat up Pui Pui with no effort. To give his fighter the advantage, Babidi changes the room to mimic Pui Pui's home planet, where the gravity is ten times that of Earth's. Unfortunately for Pui Pui, Vegeta trains at five hundred times of earth's gravity, and he easily destroys Pui Pui. They move on to the second level where Goku will fight Babidi's pet monster Yakon.

223
208
"Goku's Power Wide Open!! Blow Away Yakon" / "Next Up, Goku"
"Gokū Pawā Zenkai!! Buttobe Yakon" (悟空パワー全開!!ブッ飛べヤコン)
April 13, 1994
October 18, 2001

Goku and Yakon start to fight. Goku is obviously stronger than Yakon, so Babidi changes the environment to mimic the Planet of Darkness, which is Yakon's home planet. To help himself see, Goku becomes a Super Saiyan. Yakon, the devourer of light, sucks up the light emitting from Goku. Seeing this, Goku again becomes a Super Saiyan, allowing Yakon to suck up all the light energy he can. Finally, he becomes a Super Saiyan 2 and gives off a flash of brilliant energy which is too much for Yakon to handle. Victorious, the fighters head to the next level.

224
209
"A Great Miscalculation!! Satan vs. Three Super-Warriors!?" / "Battle Supreme"
"Daigosan!! Satan tai Sannin no Chōsenshi!?" (大誤算!!サタンVS3人の超戦士!?)
April 20, 1994
October 22, 2001

The fighters move to the third level. This time, it's Gohan's turn to fight. Dabura decides that he will fight this time, but first he goes to the meditation chamber to prepare. Meanwhile, back at the World Martial Arts Tournament, only five fighters remain because the rest of them flew away. Hercule decides to finish the tournament with all five remaining fighters in the ring at the same time. 18 takes out one of them, and Mighty Mask, composed of Goten and Trunks, takes out another. Now it's down to those two and Hercule.

225
210
"Such Strong Kids!! No. 18's Close Fight!?" / "Eighteen Unmasks"
"Tsuyoi ze Chibikko!! Jūhachigō Daikusen!?" (強いぜチビッコ!!18号大苦戦!?)
April 27, 1994
October 23, 2001

18 and Mighty Mask (Goten and Trunks) start to fight, and because they are able to use their arms and legs simultaneously as Mighty Mask, they have the upper hand against 18. But when she steps up the intensity, they can't keep up with her, so they decide to turn into Super Saiyans. This, of course, blows their cover, and they are disqualified as teams are not allowed in the tournament as Goten and Trunks are forced to flee. Now it is down to 18 and Hercule. Meanwhile, Dabura has finally finished his meditation, and is ready to fight Gohan.

226
211
"Confrontation with the Demon King! It's Your Turn, Gohan!!" / "Pay to Win"
"Tachihadakaru Maō! Deban da Gohan!!" (たちはだかる魔王！出番だ悟飯!!)
May 4, 1994
October 24, 2001

18 gets Hercule in a headlock, and she uses the opportunity to cut him a deal: she'll throw the match if he pays her double what he wins for the title. He reluctantly agrees, and the fight soon ends with Hercule as the victor. Over in Babidi's spaceship, Dabura finally emerges ready to fight. Babidi sends them to a planet similar to earth so their fight won't damage the ship. As their battle begins, Gohan finds that Dabura is a tough opponent, so he revs up his power to Super Saiyan level.

227
212
"A Wicked Heart Discovered!! Dabura's Great Idea" / "Heart of a Villain"
"Mitsukerareta Jashin!! Dābura no Meian" (見つけられた邪心!!ダーブラの名案)
May 18, 1994
October 25, 2001

Gohan and Dabura continue fighting, and from the outset it is clear that Gohan has lost his edge. He hasn't trained for seven years. He was even stronger when he was a kid. Dabura is beating him fairly easily, and Vegeta starts to lose his cool. Noticing this, Dabura tells Babidi to return them all to the ship. He privately informs Babidi that Vegeta has a terrible rage burning inside him, and that he could be made to serve their purposes. Meanwhile, Goten and Trunks see Videl flying back to the stadium, and she tells them all about what's happening. Excited at the prospect of seeing magic and a wizard (although they reveal that they don't even know what a wizard is), they race off after the others.

228
213
"Vegeta, Prince of Destruction, Revived!! Intrusion at the Tournament" / "The Dark Prince Returns"
"Hakai Ōji Bejīta Fukkatsu!! Butōkai Rannyū" (破壊王子ベジータ復活!!武闘会乱入)
May 25, 1994
October 29, 2001

Goku, Gohan, Vegeta, and the supreme kai are left wondering why Dabura suddenly stopped the fight. Vegeta berates Gohan for not defeating Dabura and Gohan realized that Vegeta should've fought Dabura and then Krillin and Piccolo would be restored to normal. Vegeta decides to blow up the ship and Supreme Kai begs him not to and Vegeta refuses to listen and Goku stops Vegeta. Supreme Kai then realizes that Vegeta is the new recruit that Dabura was talking about. Suddenly, Babidi tries to take over Vegeta's mind. Although he is urged to fight it, Babidi's magic is too strong, and Vegeta's impure heart gives in. Now with Babidi's "M" on his forehead, he has turned evil. Babidi transports them all back to the World Martial Arts stadium where he instructs Vegeta to kill his friends. Vegeta refuses, as he apparently has not lost complete control of his mind. He says that his only goal is to fight Goku. To bait Goku into fighting him, Vegeta destroys part of the stadium, killing many fans.

229
214
"The Super-confrontation of Destiny!! The Clash of Goku vs. Vegeta" / "Vegeta's Pride"
"Shukumei no Chōtaiketsu!! Gekitotsu Gokū tai Bejīta" (宿命の超対決!!激突悟空VSベジータ)
June 15, 1994
October 30, 2001

Goku refuses to fight Vegeta, so Vegeta destroys another part of the stadium. To avoid any further casualties, Goku reluctantly agrees to fight. The Supreme Kai tries to stop him, but he sees that it is no use. Goku tells Babidi to transport them far away from people, and the wizard obliges. The Supreme Kai and Gohan decide to break into the next level of the ship and try and stop Babidi. To avoid this, Babidi commands Vegeta to kill the Supreme Kai, but Vegeta refuses. Though Babidi is possessing him, Vegeta can only focus on one thing: fighting Goku. Goku gives Gohan one of the last two senzu beans before he and the Supreme Kai go further into the ship. Vegeta and Goku power themselves up to their maximum level, and are ready to fight.

230
215
"Just You Wait, Babidi!! Your Aspirations Will Not Be Allowed" / "The Long Awaited Fight"
"Mattero Babidi!! Yabō wa Yurusanai" (待ってろバビディ!!野望は許さない)
June 22, 1994
October 31, 2001

Goku and Vegeta start to fight, and their raw power is astounding. Both fighters possess incredible ability, and so far, the fight seems to be a draw. Vegeta is able to lock Goku to a boulder with cuffs made of energy. He tells Goku how he has stolen his royal destiny by beating Frieza and becoming a Super Saiyan first, and how insulting it was to be surpassed in power by the child Gohan. Goku is able to break free, and the battle resumes with crushing force. Meanwhile, Gohan and the Supreme Kai have made it all the way to Buu's ball, but Babidi and Dabura are waiting for them.

231
216
"The Seal is Broken! Out Comes the Vicious Majin Boo!!" / "Magic Ball of Buu"
"Toketa Fūin! Deruzo Kyōaku Majin Bū!!" (解けた封印！出るぞ凶悪魔人ブウ!!)
June 29, 1994
November 1, 2001

Goku and Vegeta continue their battle. Vegeta reveals that he knew he could never surpass Goku's strength, so he allowed himself to be taken over by Babidi. He had seen what it had done to Spopovich and Yamu, and he wanted the power for himself. He also says that he wanted Babidi to reawaken the evil in his heart. Over the years, he had become like a normal person; he had a wife and a son, and thought the earth was a nice place to live. He wanted Babidi's magic to free him from "those petty attachments", but Goku doesn't believe him. Meanwhile, before Gohan and the supreme kai can stop Babidi, Buu has finally gathered enough energy, and has begun to hatch.

232
217
"I Won't Allow the Revival!! A Kamehame-Ha of Resistance" / "Buu is Hatched!"
"Fukkatsu Sasenai!! Teikō no Kamehameha" (復活させない!!抵抗のかめはめ波)
July 6, 1994
November 5, 2001

In an attempt to abort the hatching, Gohan begins firing Kamehameha waves at the ball, but it doesn't seem to do much good. The ball opens, but after some pink steam escapes, there is nothing left in the ball. They believe that Gohan destroyed Buu with his energy blasts, but suddenly the pink steam begins to congeal. It forms into Majin Buu. Instead of a fearsome beast, Buu is a fat, pink child, but the Supreme Kai knows that it is really Majin Buu and not something else. Goku and Vegeta have noticed the sudden upsurge in power, and realize that Buu has been hatched.

233
218
"A Straight Line to Despair!? The Grief of Kaioshin" / "The Losses Begin"
"Zetsubō e Itchokusen!? Nageki no Kaiōshin" (絶望へ一直線!?嘆きの界王神)
July 13, 1994
November 6, 2001

Dabura insults Majin Buu, and with a single blow, Buu dispatches with the King of the Demons. Goku and Vegeta feel Buu's surge of power, and Goku convinces Vegeta to postpone the fight until they can take out Buu. Vegeta says he doesn't want Goku distracted while they're fighting. As Goku is preparing to leave, Vegeta knocks him out with a blow to the head and takes the final senzu bean, and promises to kill Buu himself. Babidi's first order to Majin Buu is to kill Gohan and the supreme kai. Gohan grabs Shin and takes off, but even with their head start, Buu catches up to them with blinding speed. With a single blow, Buu puts Gohan out of commission, leaving the Supreme Kai unguarded.

234
219
"The Terrifying Majin!! Death's Dread Draws Near Gohan" / "The Terror of Majin Buu"
"Majin Osorubeshi!! Gohan ni Semaru Shi no Kyōfu" (魔人恐るべし!!悟飯に迫る死の恐怖)
July 27, 1994
November 7, 2001

The supreme kai defends himself as best he can against Buu, but he is no match for him. Buu pounds the supreme kai into the ground, and is preparing to eat him when Gohan flies in and knocks Buu away. Gohan's recovery is short-lived, because Buu hits him with an energy blast of incredible power. As Gohan falls to the earth in a forest somewhere, he is very badly injured. Goten and Trunks arrive at the outskirts of the scene and notice the "statues" of Piccolo and Krillin. Trunks accidentally breaks the Piccolo statue. As Buu is preparing to eat Shin, Dabura suddenly throws a spear through him. Dabura warns Babidi that he will soon lose control of Buu and his monster will turn on him. Babidi doesn't believe him, and now Buu's plans have changed: Dabura is next on the menu.

235
220
"'Gonna Eat'cha!!' The Hungry Majin's Supernatural Powers" / "Meal Time"
"Tabechau zo!! Harapeko Majin no Chōnōryoku" (食べちゃうぞ!!腹ペコ魔人の超能力)
August 3, 1994
November 8, 2001

Dabura tries his best to destroy Buu, but he is nowhere near strong enough to do the job. Buu turns him into a cookie and eats him. With Dabura gone, Krillin and Piccolo, despite his statue being slightly broken, are able to come back to life. Just as Buu's about to eat the Supreme Kai, Vegeta makes his presence known by destroying Babidi's spaceship. Vegeta knows what Buu did to Gohan, and he vows that when Goku regains consciousness, this will all be over, even if it costs him his own life. He promises to atone for what he's done, and he powers up. At full strength, he ferociously attacks Buu.

236
221
"A Warrior's Resolution!! I Will Dispose of the Majin" / "The Warrior's Decision"
"Senshi no Ketsui!! Majin wa Ore ga Shimatsu-suru" (戦士の決意!!魔人はオレが始末する)
August 17, 1994
November 12, 2001

Though incredibly powerful, Vegeta's attacks do nothing to Majin Buu. He even blasts a hole in the monster, but Buu is able to regenerate his body. Tired of playing around, Buu rocks the entire planet by powering up. He then rips off part of his own belly and is able to wrap it around Vegeta. Trapped, the Saiyan prince can do nothing to defend himself. Trunks can't stand to see his father tortured like this, so he powers up and jets off to help him, and Goten follows.

237
222
"For Those Whom He Loves... Vegeta Perishes!!" / "Final Atonement"
"Ai suru Mono no Tame ni... Bejīta Chiru!!" (愛する者のために...ベジータ散る!!)
August 24, 1994
November 13, 2001

Trunks knocks Buu away from his father, and he and Goten free Vegeta from his bonds. Piccolo attacks Babidi, and despite the wizard using all of his magic to defend himself, Piccolo is able to slice him in half. Vegeta recovers, and tells Trunks that he is proud of him. For the first time, Vegeta embraces his son. He then knocks out Goten and Trunks, allowing Piccolo to carry them away to safety. With Buu back and ready for more, Vegeta makes the ultimate sacrifice: he erupts in a blinding flash of light, certainly killing anything near him, including himself.

238
223
"The Nightmare Revisited!! Majin Boo Has Survived" / "Evil Lives On"
"Akumu Futatabi! Ikiteita Majin Bū" (悪夢ふたたび!!生きていた魔人ブウ)
August 31, 1994
September 16, 2002

After Vegeta's eruption, Piccolo returns to the scene of the battle. He finds no sign of Vegeta left, and that Buu has been blasted into thousands of small pieces. He also finds the top half of Babidi, who is begging for help. Suddenly, the pieces of Buu begin to reform. They all combine to make Majin Buu whole again. Knowing he's outmatched, Piccolo retreats. Buu heals Babidi, and the two embark on a killing spree. Piccolo catches up with Krillin, telling him that the world's last hope, Goten and Trunks, must be protected. Krillin is instructed to take the two young Saiyans to Dende's lookout. Meanwhile, the Supreme Kai has recovered, and is searching for Gohan.

239
224
"The Struggle of Videl and the Others! Find the Dragon Balls" / "Find the Dragon Balls"
"Bīderutachi no Funtō! Sagase Doragon Bōru" (ビーデルたちの奮闘！探せ神龍球（ドラゴンボール）)
September 7, 1994
September 17, 2002

Yamcha, 18, Bulma, Videl, and Chi Chi, among others, go looking for the Dragon Balls. Their search for the seventh one leads them to a nest full of eggs, but before Bulma can grab it, a dinosaur eats the entire nest. Yamcha hits the beast with an energy ball, which causes it to fly into the ocean. Videl goes swimming after it, and with a little help from Master Roshi, they are able to extract the ball. Piccolo and Krillin arrive at the lookout with the unconscious Goten and Trunks. Soon after, Goku regains consciousness and appears at the lookout himself.

240
225
"Enormous Hope!! A New Finishing Technique for the Little Squirts" / "Revival"
"Dekkai Kibō!! Chibitachi no Shin Hissatsu Waza" (でっかい希望!!チビたちの新必殺技)
September 21, 1994
September 18, 2002

While discussing tactics, Goku reveals that he knows of a method by which two similar-sized people can fuse together into one ultimate being. They decide that Goten and Trunks will learn this new trick, but the only problem is that it will take about a week to learn it, and Goku has less than a day left on Earth. Piccolo decides to teach the boys after Goku is gone. Suddenly, the sky turns black, and they realize that Bulma is calling the dragon. Goku uses Instant Transmission to appear at Capsule Corp., but she has already made one wish. Her wish was to bring back everyone that died today. Goku tells Shenron that they will postpone their second wish, and uses Instant Transmission to take everyone there back to the lookout with him. Meanwhile, Kibito awakens because of the wish, and the Supreme Kai is still searching for Gohan.

241
226
"Goten and Trunks — The World's Most Wanted" / "Global Announcement"
"Goten Torankusu Zensekai ni Shimei Tehai" (悟天トランクス全世界に指名手配)
September 28, 1994
September 19, 2002

Kibito finds the Supreme Kai and heals him. Then, both of them find Gohan, and decide to take him to the world of the Kais. Meanwhile, back at the lookout, Goku breaks the news about Vegeta and Gohan to everyone, as both of them are believed to be dead. As expected, everyone is shocked; Chi-Chi faints after realizing that she has now lost both her husband and son, Bulma screams for Vegeta and breaks down crying, and Videl becomes heartbroken and cries, but refuses to believe Gohan is dead. They are just about to wake Trunks and Goten when Babidi suddenly starts a global announcement. He tells everyone that he and Majin Buu will terrorize the entire planet until Piccolo, Goten, and Trunks show themselves. To give them a taste of what's in store, he shows Buu turning the entire population of a major city into small candies, which he greedily consumes.

242
227
"Gohan Revived — Kaioshin's Secret Weapon!?" / "Learn to Fuse"
"Gohan Fukkatsu!! Kaiōshin no Himitsu Heiki!?" (悟飯復活界王神の秘密兵器!?)
October 12, 1994
September 23, 2002

Babidi tells the earth that anyone with any information about Piccolo, Goten, or Trunks should tell him. To stop any further damage, Piccolo wants to turn himself in, but Goku convinces him not to, because he knows that even if the three turn themselves it, it won't stop Buu's destruction. Goten and Trunks wake up, and they learn about Vegeta and Gohan's (supposed) demise. Goku is harsh with them, because they can't waste any time mourning right now. The boys, although angry at Goku for not saving Gohan and Vegeta, know that they must be tough to stop Majin Buu. In the world of the Kais, Kibito heals Gohan, and the Supreme Kai tells him about the Z Sword. It is a mystical sword that contains great power, and even the Kais themselves could not pull it from the rock it is now stuck in. The Supreme Kai believes that Gohan possesses the strength to do so.

243
228
"It Came Ou~t!! The Legendary Z-Sword" / "The Z Sword"
"Nuketā〜!! Densetsu no Zetto Sōdo" (抜けたァ～!!伝説のゼットソード)
October 19, 1994
September 24, 2002

Gohan attempts to free the Z Sword, but can't do it in his normal state. He transforms into a Super Saiyan, and with a mighty heave, he frees the sword from the rock. To his great surprise, the sword is incredibly heavy, and he must now train himself to use it. Back on earth, Babidi and Buu continue their reign of terror, and Goten and Trunks tell him that they're going to destroy him and Buu.

244
229
"Metro West is Targeted! Stop, Majin Boo!!" / "Race to Capsule Corp."
"Nerawareta Nishi no Miyako! Tomare Majin Bū!!" (狙われた西の都！止まれ魔人ブウ!!)
November 2, 1994
September 25, 2002

Goten and Trunks begin their fusion training, but it is soon interrupted by Babidi. He announces that he has learned where Trunks lives, and he and Buu are now on their way to kill him. Goku sends Trunks to get the Dragon Radar from Capsule Corporation before it is destroyed, and he himself heads off to slow down Buu and Babidi. He asks Buu why he takes orders from someone as weak as Babidi. Though Buu seems intrigued by the thought of killing his master, he dislikes Goku as much as he does Babidi, so he decides to attack Goku. Goku knows that an ascended Super Saiyan isn't enough to stop Buu, so he says he'll take it up to the next level.

245
230
"An Astounding Great Transformation!! Super Saiyan 3" / "Super Saiyan 3?!"
"Atto Odoroku Daihenshin!! Sūpā Saiyajin Surī" (アッと驚く大変身!!超サイヤ人3)
November 9, 1994
September 26, 2002

To buy as much time as possible, Goku demonstrates the Super Saiyan transformations. He starts in his normal form, then goes to Super Saiyan, then Super Saiyan 2. He then transforms into Super Saiyan 3, and the immense power of this transformation rocks the entire planet. His hair grows down to his knees, and his eyes change, and his eyebrows disappear. His power is so incredible that Gohan, the Supreme Kai, and Kibito can feel it in the world of the Kais. As a Super Saiyan 3, he possesses even more power than Majin Buu. He starts to pound Buu with relative ease. At Capsule Corporation, Trunks and Dr. Brief frantically search for the Dragon Radar.

246
231
"Bye Bye Babidi!! Majin Boo Rebels" / "Buu's Mutiny"
"Bai Bai Babidi!! Majin Bū Hangyaku" (バイバイ・バビディ!!魔人ブウ反逆)
November 16, 1994
September 30, 2002

Goku continues his awesome display of power, but with each blow to Majin Buu, the monster gets even more powerful. He seems to have an unlimited well of energy to use. Bulma calls Trunks on Videl's cell phone to tell him that she left the Dragon Radar in the airplane. He retrieves the radar, and heads back to the lookout. Goku senses this, and decides to end his fight with Buu. He once again tells Buu that he's much too skilled to be taking orders from Babidi. Goku Instantly Transmits himself back to the lookout. This time, Buu takes Goku's advice and turns on his master. He executes Babidi. Meanwhile, Gohan continues his training with the Z Sword.

247
232
"Absurdly Aweful-Looking!? The Special Training Transformation Pose" / "The Fusion Dance"
"Mecha Kakko Warui!? Tokkun Henshin Pōzu" (メチャカッコ悪い!?特訓変身ポーズ)
November 23, 1994
October 1, 2002

Without Babidi to control him, Majin Buu goes on a spree of destruction. Trunks returns to the lookout with the Dragon Radar. Baba shows up to tell Goku that he only has thirty minutes left. His transformation into Super Saiyan 3 was very draining, and it ate up a lot of his time that was left. Even though he is exhausted, he begins teaching Goten and Trunks the Fusion Dance. On the world of the Kais, Gohan begins training with even more intensity than before, determined to save the universe from Majin Buu.

248
233
"See You Later, Everybody!! Goku Returns to the Other World" / "Goku's Time is Up"
"Jā na Minna!! Gokū Ano Yo ni Kaeru" (じゃあなみんな!!悟空あの世に帰る)
November 30, 1994
October 2, 2002

Buu clears some space in the countryside and builds a house for him to live in. Goten and Trunks continue learning the Fusion Dance, and begin to master the technique. They each plead with Goku for him to show them the Super Saiyan 3 transformation, and because he knows his time is up, Goku complies. Soon after the transformation, Baba shows up to take him away. Goku says goodbye to everyone, including Chi-Chi and Goten at the lookout and tells them that he will find Gohan in Other World, but Videl insists that Gohan is still alive somewhere. Once again, he is gone, leaving Piccolo in charge of training Goten and Trunks.

249
234
"Where is Gohan!? Ferocious Training in the Kaioshin Realm" / "Return to Other World"
"Gohan wa Doko da!? Kaiōshinkai no Mōtokkun" (悟飯はどこだ!?界王神界の猛特訓)
December 7, 1994
October 3, 2002

Back in Other World, Goku visits King Yemma to ask him if he's seen Gohan. King Yemma says that Gohan has not checked in. Thrilled that his son is still alive just like Videl said, he searches for his energy signal, and uses Instant Transmission to go there. He starts to help Gohan with his training with the Z Sword until Gohan is ready to fight Buu again. Piccolo continues training Goten and Trunks to fuse. Buu happens upon a blind kid named Tommy, who doesn't seem to be scared of him. Buu restores the kid's vision, but to his surprise, the child is not afraid of him. He is grateful that Buu made him see, and considers Buu a friend. Buu seems to like friendship more than fear.

250
235
"You're Kidding, Right!? The Z-Sword is Broken" / "Out From the Broken Sword"
"Uso daro!? Zetto Sōdo ga Orechatta" (ウソだろ!?ゼットソードが折れちゃった)
December 14, 1994
October 7, 2002

Goku throws a giant boulder at Gohan to test his abilities with the Z Sword. Gohan makes a clean cut, so the Supreme Kai conjures up a block of the hardest metal in the universe. This time, the sword can't cut it, and breaks under the pressure. But from out of the Z Sword comes Old Kai, who is fifteen generations older than Supreme Kai. In exchange for a date with Bulma, Old Kai agrees to awaken Gohan's sleeping powers. He starts to do a strange dance in circles around the Saiyan, and says that it will take 5 hours to awaken his sleeping power. Meanwhile, Goten and Trunks have finally mastered the Fusion Dance, and are ready to attempt it for real.

251
236
"Birth of a Superhuman Warrior!! His Name is Gotenks" / "Gotenks is Born"
"Gattai Chōjin Tanjō!! Sono Na wa Gotenkusu" (合体超人誕生!!その名はゴテンクス)
December 21, 1994
October 8, 2002

Goten and Trunks attempt to fuse, and their first attempt yields a weird-looking fat kid with very little power. Their second attempt creates an old, emaciated weakling. Finally, the two are perfectly in sync, and make Gotenks. Piccolo tells him to wait thirty minutes for the fusion to wear off so they can try it as Super Saiyans. Gotenks thinks he's powerful enough already and takes off to find Majin Buu. He is able to get some hits in on the monster, but when Buu steps up the intensity, Gotenks is no match and is easily defeated. Meanwhile, on the world of the Kais, Old Kai continues the long ceremony needed to awaken Gohan's hidden power.

252
237
"The Final Weapon is Engaged!? Satan Will Save the Earth" / "Unlikely Friendship"
"Saishū Heiki Shidō!? Satan wa Chikyū o Sukuu" (最終兵器始動!?サタンは地球を救う)
January 11, 1995
October 9, 2002

Goten and Trunks heal up from their injuries. They will train the rest of the day and fight Majin Buu tomorrow at full strength. On the world of the Kais, Old Kai has finished his five-hour ritual. Now Gohan must sit and meditate for twenty more hours for his power to awaken. Back at Buu's house, Hercule arrives to defeat the evil creature. He tries some tricks with poison candy and exploding video games, but they have no effect on the monster. Buu decides to be friends with Hercule.

253
238
"I've Stopped Killing!! Majin Boo's Good Boy Declaration" / "I Kill No More"
"Korosu no Yameta!! Majin Bū Yoi Ko Sengen" (殺すのやめた!!魔人ブウよい子宣言)
January 25, 1995
October 10, 2002

Goten and Trunks successfully fuse as Super Saiyans, but once again, their ego takes over. Gotenks spends all of his time flying around the earth at full speed, and by the time he decides to attack Buu, his 30 minutes are up. Back at Buu's house, Hercule is doing his best to please the monster. He even cooks him dinner. While away murdering people, Buu finds an injured dog and heals him. Buu discovers the joys of friendship with this dog, and when Hercule tells Buu that killing is bad, Buu vows never to kill again. But while Buu and his pet are playing fetch, two crazed gunmen shoot the dog.

tag: table


question_text: in october 2017 which country declared that the trade agreement with pakistan has been expired

root

text: Expiration[edit]

text: On October 23, 2017 the President of Afghanistan Ashraf Ghani announced that "The Afghanistan and Pakistan Trade Agreement (APTA) has expired"[1] and issued a decree banning Pakistani trucks from entering the country via the Torkham and Spin Boldak border crossings, TOLOnews reported.[2]

tag: p

text: Background[edit]

text: The 2010 agreement supersedes the 1965 Afghanistan Transit Trade Agreement, which granted Afghanistan the right to import duty-free goods through Pakistani seaports, mostly notably from Karachi.[3] The 1965 agreement did not offer Pakistan reciprocal rights to export goods to the Soviet Union, nor to the Central Asian Republics after the fall of the USSR.[4]

text: Trade in goods smuggled into Pakistan once constituted a major source of revenue for Afghanistan. Pakistan official goods imported into Afghanistan under the 1965 Afghanistan Transit Trade Agreement were often immediately smuggled back into Pakistan over the porous border that the two countries share, often with the help of corrupt officials.[5] In addition to illegal transfer of goods back into Pakistan, items declared as Afghanistan-bound were often prematurely offloaded from trucks and smuggled into Pakistani markets without paying requisite duty fees.[6][7] This resulted in the creation of a thriving black market, with much of the illegal trading occurring openly, as was common in Peshawar's bustling Karkhano Market, which was widely regarded as a smuggler's bazaar.[8] In Pakistan clamped down in 2003 on the types of goods permitted duty-free transit, and introducing stringent measures and labels to prevent smuggling. re-routing of goods through Iran from the Persian Gulf increased significantly resulting in steep decreases of smuggled goods in Pakistani markets. The 2003 measures lead to drastic declines in the number of undocumented jobs related to the transit and sale of smuggled goods; jobs and revenues of which also helped fuel the black economy, often intertwined with the drug cartels, of both countries.

text: The ATTA did not grant Pakistan reciprocal rights to export goods across Afghan territory to neighbouring countries. Pakistani attempts to access the Central Asian markers were frustrated by political instability in Afghanistan that had been ongoing since the late 1970s. As Afghanistan became increasingly dangerous as a transit corridor, China, Pakistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan in 1995 devised a separate treaty named the "Quadrilateral Agreement on Traffic in Transit" (QATT), and signed the treaty in 2004.[9] Despite signing of the QATT, the agreements full potential was never realised, largely on account of poor infrastructure links between the four countries.

text: History[edit]

text: The United States emphasised the importance of a revised transit agreement between Pakistan and Afghanistan to revive trade route along the ancient Silk Road between South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East.[10] As a result of the shortcomings of the ATTA, a new treaty between Afghanistan and Pakistan was necessary that would permit Afghanistan access to Indian markets, and Pakistan reciprocal access to Central Asian markets via Afghanistan – which by 2010 had been far more stable than it had been in the previous 20 years.

text: In July 2010, a Memorandum of understanding (MoU) was reached between Pakistan and Afghanistan for the Afghan-Pak Transit Trade Agreement (APTTA), which was observed by US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. The two states also signed an MoU for the construction of rail tracks in Afghanistan to connect with Pakistan Railways (PR),[11] which has been in the making since at least 2005.[12]

text: In October 2010, the landmark APTTA agreement was signed by Pakistani Commerce Minister Makhdoom Amin Fahim and Anwar ul-Haq Ahady, Afghan Ministry of Commerce. The ceremony was attended by Richard Holbrooke, US Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan, and a number of foreign ambassadors, Afghan parliamentarians and senior officials.[13]

text: Provisions of the 2010 Agreement[edit]

text: The 2010 APTTA allows for both countries to use each other's airports, railways, roads, and ports for transit trade along designated transit corridors. The agreement does not cover road transport vehicles from any third country, be it from India or any Central Asia country.[14]

text: Afghan trucks are to enter Pakistan via border crossings at Torkham, Ghulam Khan, and Chaman to transit Afghan goods across Pakistani territory, and to import goods from Pakistani ports in Karachi, Port Qasim and Gwadar.[15] The signed Agreement permits Afghanistan trucks access to Wagah border with India, where Afghan goods will be offloaded onto Indian trucks, but does not permit Indian goods to be loaded onto trucks for transit back to Afghanistan.[16]

text: The APTTA agreement allows Afghan trucks to transport exports to India via Pakistan up to the Wagah crossing point,[6][7] but does not offer Afghanistan the right to import Indian goods across Pakistani territory,[17] out of fear that Indian goods would end up on the Pakistani black market in the same manner that was common under the 1965 ATTA. Instead, Afghan trucks offloaded at Wagah may return to Afghanistan loaded only with Pakistani, rather than Indian goods,[18] in an attempt to prevent the formation of a black market for Indian goods in Pakistan.

text: The agreement provided Pakistan access to every country bordering Afghanistan, with access to Iran via the Islam Qila and Zaranj borders, Uzbekistan via the Hairatan border, Tajikistan via Ali Khanum and Sher Khan Bandar crossings, and Turkmenistan via the Aqina and Torghundi border crossings. Pakistani imports and exports are granted permission to enter Afghanistan via border crossings at Torkham, Ghulam Khan, and Chaman.[19]

text: The APTTA calls for various measures to counter smuggling of duty-free goods into both Pakistan and Afghanistan by mandating: tracking devices of goods, banking guarantees and special bonded carrier licenses for transit trucks, vehicular tracking systems, and container security deposits.[20]

text: The Afghanistan-Pakistan Transit Trade Coordination Authority (APTTCA) was created to coordinate the Afghanistan–Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement and meetings are held.[21]

text: Barriers to Full Implementation[edit]

text: Implementation of the treaty has been inconsistent, with both sides complaining of continued barriers to trade.

text: Owing to tensions between the government of Hamid Karzai and Pakistan, much of the APTTA provisions remained unexploited after 2010. Pakistan is Afghanistan's largest trading partner,[22] and Afghanistan is Pakistan's fourth-largest export market. Banking contacts between the two countries remain under developed, although Pakistan's commerce minister in 2015 pledged to improve such contacts.[22]

text: Afghanistan has complained that anti-smuggling security measures agreed in the APTTA are restrictive cost-prohibitive, and that banking guarantee fees are excessively high and time consuming, ranging from 100,000 to 150,000 Pakistani ruppees per carrier.[23] Banks from both countries have also refused to offer such guarantees, further delaying customs clearances.[24]

text: The required truck-tracking systems have been implemented in Pakistan, while the Afghan side has yet to install such systems on their own trucks.[25] Further, the reliability of Pakistani and Afghan trucks to travel through mountainous terrain in both countries has been called into question, while Afghan trucks frequently enter Pakistani territory without requisite insurance, thereby violating the terms of APTTA.[26] Afghanistan also has not yet notified Pakistan of its customs transit rules required under the APTTA, despite repeated requests by Pakistan and assurances by the Afghan government.[27]

text: Afghanistan also refuses to grant Pakistan the right to import and export goods from Central Asia across Afghan territory. The 2010 APTTA agreement allowed for Afghan goods to be exported to India via Pakistan territory, but did not permit Indian goods to in turn to be exported to Afghanistan across Pakistani territory.[28]

text: During the visit of Afghan President Ashraf Ghani to India in April 2015, he stated "We will not provide equal transit access to Central Asia for Pakistani trucks" unless the Pakistani government included India as part of the 2010 Afghanistan–Pakistan Transit Trade Agreement to allow Indian goods to be transported across Pakistani territory,[29] directly contradicting Article 5 of the Agreement which explicitly excludes Indian exports from the Agreement.[30] Pakistan has rejected calls for India's inclusion, as the signed Agreement specifically denies Indian goods the right to transit across Pakistan.

text: While Afghan importers and exporters have full access to Pakistani seaports under APTTA, Afghanistan has alleged that Pakistani officials frequently stall shipments and cause unnecessary delays,[31] especially after the 2011 NATO attack in Pakistan. In November 2010, the two states formed a joint chamber of commerce to expand trade relations and solve the problems traders face in this and other regards.[6][7]

text: Proposed Inclusion of Tajikistan[edit]

text: In July 2012, Afghanistan and Pakistan agreed to extend APTTA to Tajikistan in what will be the first step for the establishment of a North-South trade corridor. The proposed agreement will provide facilities to Tajikistan to use Pakistan's ports and the Wagah Border for its imports and exports while Pakistan would be granted rights to transit goods across Tajik territory to Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.[32]

text: Afghanistan's President Ashraf Ghani in 2015 made clear that Tajikistan cannot be included in the trade agreement until Indian goods are offered the right to export goods to Afghanistan across Pakistani territory,[29] which is in direct contradiction of Articles 5 and 52 of the signed Agreement which specifically forbids Indian goods and transporters this right.[33][34]

text: An Alternative Route for Pakistan to Central Asia that Circumvents Afghanistan[edit]

text: In April 2015, China and Pakistan agreed to construct various infrastructure projects worth approximately $46 billion under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor,[35] which is part of China's ambitious proposed 21st century Silk Road initiative.[36] Projects currently under construction include the a system of motorways and upgraded roads from the Pakistani coastal cities of Karachi and Gwadar, all the way to the Chinese border and onwards to Kashgar in China's Xinjiang province. From Kashgar, transport links to Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan have been upgraded, while seasonal road access to Tajikistan is provided by the Pamir Highway. Upgrading of Pakistan's roadway network is under way, and will allow Pakistan access to those states via China rather than Afghanistan by 2020.

text: The Pakistani government continued to be frustrated by Afghanistan's refusal to allow Pakistani goods access to Central Asian markets until Afghan exports were granted reciprocal access to Indian markets. Owing to this frustration, and ongoing construction of roadway projects to China under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor, the Pakistani Government in February 2016 signalled its intention to completely bypass Afghanistan in its quest to access Central Asia by announcing its intent to revive the Quadrilateral Agreement on Traffic in Transit so that Central Asian states could access Pakistani ports via Kashgar instead of Afghanistan,[37] thereby allowing the Central Asian republics to access Pakistan's deep water ports without having to rely on a politically unstable Afghanistan as a transit corridor. However, the QTTA would not allow Pakistan access to Turkmenistan and Iran across Afghan territory as the APTTA does.

text: In early March 2016, the Afghan government reportedly acquiesced to Pakistani requests to use Afghanistan as a corridor to Tajikistan, after having dropped demands from reciprocal access to India via Pakistan.[38] The revised transit trade agreement is expected to be signed by April 2016.[39]

text: Meanwhile, India and Afghanistan started trade with first wheat consignment completely bypassing Pakistan via chabahar port in Iran. Pakistan has lost the leverage over Afghanistan in a manner as Pakistan has been the only way for land locked Afghanistan to access India so far.


document_title: Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...

question_text: who played krish in kabhi khushi kabhi gham

text: Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...

text: Plot[edit]

text: Yashvardhan "Yash" Raichand (Amitabh Bachchan) is a rich business tycoon, living in Delhi with his wife Nandini (Jaya Bachchan) and two sons Rahul and Rohan. Rahul is the elder son and was adopted by Yash and Nandini at birth. This is known to everyone in the Raichand household, except Rohan. The Raichand household is highly patriarchal and follows traditions. While grown up, Rahul (Shahrukh Khan) comes across the vivacious Anjali Sharma (Kajol), and they eventually fall in love, but their love is forbidden, because Anjali is from a low-income background. Yash and Nandini soon send Rohan (Kavish Majumdar) to a boarding school, which all the males in their family have attended. Yash announces his desire for Rahul to marry Naina (Rani Mukherji), as he believes that parents have the right to choose their offspring's spouse, but Naina learns that Rahul is in love with Anjali, and encourages him to pursue her. When Yash comes to know of this, he is enraged, and Rahul promises not to marry Anjali, as he wants to please his father. En route to tell her of his promise, he discovers that her father (Alok Nath) has died, and decides to marry her despite his father's hostility. Yash learns of the marriage and disowns Rahul, whereupon Nandini and Rahul share a tearful goodbye. Nandini sends Sayeeda (Farida Jalal) (Rahul and Rohan's nanny) to watch over him, so that he does not feel separated from a mother's love. Rahul visits Rohan in the Boarding School and begs of Rohan never to ask where he went or why he left, and asks that he take care of Nandini.

text: Ten years later, Rohan (Hrithik Roshan) returns home from boarding school and accidentally overhears a conversation from his grandmothers (Achala Sachdev and Sushma Seth) concerning Rahul's adoption and the reason why Rahul left home, whereupon Rohan vows to reunite the family. He learns that Rahul, Anjali, and her younger sister Pooja (with whom he shared a playful relationship during his childhood) moved to London, and tells his parents that he wishes to pursue further studies in London. Yash is skeptical at first, but once Rohan emphasizes that he is following the family traditions, his parents agree to let him go. In London, Rahul and Anjali now have their own son, Krish (Jibraan Khan). Pooja (Kareena Kapoor), now a popular fashion-obsessed diva, is a student at King's College London, where Rohan enrolls. He and Pooja meet again and he tells her that he has come to London to bring his brother and sister-in-law back home. Pooja tells Rahul that Rohan is her friend's brother who currently has nowhere to stay. After some persuasion, Rahul agrees to let Rohan stay as Rohan uses the name 'Yash' to hide his real identity. Right before the family attends Krish's school function, Sayeeda and Anjali find out his real identity, though they promise to keep quiet. At Krish's school function, Krish leads his class in singing Jana Gana Mana (Indian national anthem), and later recites advice which Rohan had given him. Rahul, having given Rohan this advice ten years ago, now realizes that Rohan is his brother. Also at this point, Rohan and Pooja fall in love.

text: Rohan begs Rahul to come home, but Rahul refuses. Pooja convinces Rohan to invite his parents to London; Rahul and Nandini are overjoyed to see one another, but Rahul still refuses to talk to his father. When Yash goes to a store, Anjali stumbles by and Rohan reveals that they have been living in London the whole time. Yash soon learns that his mother had died and that her last wish was for Yash, Rahul, and Rohan to light her funeral pyre together. Therefore, the entire family attends the funeral, and Nandini tells Yash that she thought he was wrong for disowning Rahul. Rohan and Pooja convince Rahul to talk to Yash, who apologizes and allows Rahul and Anjali into the house. Rohan and Pooja are married, and the family hold a belated celebration of Rahul and Anjali's wedding.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Amitabh Bachchan as Yashvardhan "Yash" Raichand, a Delhi based business tycoon. Fiercely dominating, he insists on controlling the life of his wife and sons. Amitabh Bachchan was Karan's first choice for the portrayal of Yash Raichand. Karan added, "As I wrote the film, I realised that Yashvardhan Raichand is the backbone of the film and I could only see one actor playing the role — Amitabh Bachchan." Bachchan, on his part, agreed to do the film without a script narration.[4] Karan mentioned that he was initially scared to direct a star of the stature of Bachchan, but the latter "soon became an actor instead of a superstar".[5]
Jaya Bachchan as Nandini Raichand, Yash's wife. She shares a close bond with her sons but remains in the shadow of her husband. According to Karan Johar, Jaya Bachchan was the "obvious" choice for the character of Nandini, and added that her "acting prowess and stature" were the other reasons for him preferring to cast her.[4] The film also marked the return of Amitabh and Jaya Bachchan together on screen after a gap of 18 years.[6] Of her character, she said that Nandini was an extension of her own self. She elaborated, "My personal feelings towards Shah Rukh are similar to what I was supposed to portray in the film. There's something about him that makes me want to mother him." She added that she modelled her character on Karan's mother, Hiroo Johar, who "is a very emotional and sentimental person."[7]
Shah Rukh Khan as Rahul Raichand, Yash and Nandini's adopted son. Rahul feels indebted to his parents and tries to fulfill all their wishes. However, he falls in love with Anjali and invites the wrath of Yash. When Karan offered the role to Shah Rukh, he immediately agreed to do it and accommodated his dates, despite having several other commitments.[4] Khan described the character of Rahul by saying, "I love the vulnerability and the honesty in his eyes. He has the appeal of a boy next door. Besides, his intensity and ability to convey emotions without words is amazing."[8]
Kajol as Anjali Sharma, Rahul's love-interest and later, wife. She is a fun-loving woman living in the Chandni Chowk area of Delhi. Belonging to a lower socio-economic group than the Raichand family, she is not accepted by Yash as his daughter-in-law. Karan was initially hesitant to cast Kajol in the film, as he felt that she would refuse the offer due to her recent marriage. Kajol, however, was moved to tears during the script narration and agreed to do the film.[4] In an interview to Filmfare, Kajol said, "One tiny fact that Karan forgot to mention during his narration was just how much Punjabi my character spoke in the film. I nearly died when I saw the lines of dialogue on the first day of shooting." However, she learnt the right pronunciation and diction with the help of Yash Johar and the crew members.[9]
Hrithik Roshan as Rohan Raichand, Yash and Nandini's biological son. He wants his elder brother Rahul to return home. Karan signed Roshan to play the character of Rohan after watching a rough cut of the latter's debut film, Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai (2000).[4] Roshan described his character as a "buffer" in a film that primarily focused on Amitabh Bachchan and Shah Rukh Khan.[10]
Kareena Kapoor as Pooja "Poo" Sharma, Anjali's younger sister. She is a sophisticated girl, who helps Rohan in his plan to reunite Rahul with his parents. After spotting Kapoor at a party organised by Bombay Times, Karan decided to cast her immediately for the role of the glamorous diva, Poo.[4] Kapoor stated that in her opinion, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... was primarily Kajol's film, and that her own character was a supporting one. In order to prepare for her role, she worked hard on her dancing skills, as she did not want audiences to know that she could not dance well.[11]
Rani Mukerji as Naina Kapoor, a socialite girl who loves Rahul and wants to marry him, and Yashvardhan approves of her. Following the success of Karan's previous film, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), which starred Khan, Kajol and Mukerji, he wanted her presence in this film too. He thus cast Mukerji in a guest appearance.[4] Initially, Karan wanted her presence in the film to be a surprise, but an accidental slip by Sony Music during the promotional activities led to her discovery.[5]
Farida Jalal as Sayeeda / Daijan (DJ), Rahul and Rohan's nanny
Simone Singh as Rukhsaar, Sayeeda's daughter and Anjali's best friend
Alok Nath as Bauji Sharma, Anjali and Pooja's father
Kavish Majumdar as the younger Rohan Raichand
Malvika Raj as the younger Pooja Sharma
Jugal Hansraj as Rohan's friend (special appearance)

tag: ul

text: Achala Sachdev and Sushma Seth were cast as Yash and Nandini's mothers, respectively. The film also featured Johnny Lever as Haldiram (a shopkeeper in Chandni Chowk), Himani Shivpuri as Haldiram's wife, Jibraan Khan as Krish Raichand (Rahul and Anjali's son), Amar Talwar as Mr. Kapoor (Yash's friend and Naina's father). Ramona Sunavala, Jeroo Writer and Vikas Sethi feature as Poo's friends Sonya, Tanya and Robbie, respectively. Additionally, Ashutosh Singh features as Ashfaque, Rukshaar's husband. Shilpa Mehta, Shashikala and Parzan Dastur were cast as Ashfaque's mother, grandmother and nephew, respectively. Shashikala played the in-law to Rukhsaar. Punit Malhotra and Johnny Lever's real-life son Jesse Lever had small parts.[12]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text:
“

At a certain age, boys are very demonstrative about their love towards their fathers. They hug and kiss them. But after that, they withdraw, become less demonstrative. My film is about relationships, about sons going up to their fathers and saying they love them.

”

— Karan Johar[13]

text: After the success of Karan's debut film, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), he began work on a story dealing with the concept of "generations". The idea initially revolved around two daughters-in-law. However, on the advice of filmmaker Aditya Chopra, who thought that the male characters would be too weak, Karan decided to tweak the story-line to make it the story of two brothers.[14]

text: The inspiration behind Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... came from Yash Chopra's Kabhi Kabhie (1976). On being inspired by the classic, Karan quoted, "What appealed to me was the fact that the love story stretched out across generations. It began with youth and went on as the people grew older. You could say that Kabhi Kabhie is the starting point for my new film, that I am inspired by it. But the film, I am sure, will be very different. It will look different, feel different."[15] Similarly, Karan added an extra "e" to the second Kabhi in the title of his film, due to numerological reasons.[16] In an interview with The Times of India, Karan dispelled comparisons with Kuch Kuch Hota Hai and said that while his debut film was "frothy and bubble-gummish", this one was "more classy and sophisticated". He added that there would be "plenty of drama" in this film too, but handled more maturely.[17]

text: Before principal photography could begin, Karan and the contracted costume designers (Manish Malhotra, Shabina Khan and Rocky S) shopped in several locations of USA, London, Milan, and New Delhi to get the right look for each of the cast members.[18] Additionally, Karan had only one expectation from the contracted actors; to "look good and do their job". He did not organise any rehearsals for them, except for a scene involving a climatic encounter between Amitabh Bachchan and Roshan.[14] Additional production people hired included choreographer Farah Khan, production designer Sharmishta Roy and cinematographer Kiran Deohans.[19]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The first schedule of the film began in Mumbai on 16 October 2000, with the picturisation of the song "Bole Chudiyan" involving Roshan, Kapoor, Khan and Kajol. Amitabh and Jaya Bachchan joined the schedule on 20 October. Due to the immense stress caused by the presence of these actors, Karan fainted on the sets.[20] However, he continued directing the rest of the song while lying in bed.[21]

text: For the first half of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham..., the production design team led by Sharmishtha Roy, recreated Chandni Chowk in a studio at Film City of Mumbai.[22] In order to lend authenticity, the team took several pictures of the original area and also shopped in the various alleys of Chandni Chowk. Roy later won the Filmfare Award for Best Art Direction for her work in the film.[23] The inside of a palatial mansion was developed from scratch in the same studio to double as the home of the Raichand family.[24] In order to lend authenticity to the house of the multi-multimillionaires, several expensive paintings were hung from the walls.[25] A total of 18–19 elaborate sets were constructed by Roy, as Karan wanted the look of the film to be "larger-than-life".[26]

text: The second half of the film was shot in the city of London. Karan chose to set the film there due to his fondness for the city. He added, "I could have based my plot in New York City or anywhere else. But London is kind of close to my heart. I like to weave my films around London." Shooting locations include the Wales Millennium Centre, Bluewater in Kent,[27] Blenheim Palace, St Paul's Cathedral and the banks of River Thames.[28] The outdoor scenes of the Raichand family mansion were shot at Waddesdon Manor.[29] The crew faced enormous difficulties while filming an emotional scene between Jaya Bachchan and Khan at the Bluewater Complex, as a massive crowd had gathered there to watch them at work. The situation, eventually, got worse and the complex officials asked them to wrap up the shoot within two hours.[30]

text: British journalist, Fuad Omar, wrote extensively about the filming of the film in the UK, covering much of the shoot in a series of online articles and for regional press. Many of these were reprinted in an unedited format in his book, Bollywood: An Insider's Guide.[citation needed]

text: Another song sequence ("Suraj Hua Maddham") involving Khan and Kajol was shot with the backdrop of the Pyramids of Giza in the city of Cairo in Egypt.[31] Due to the lighting conditions, the crew could shoot only between 7 and 9 am in the morning. As a result, the song took several days to film.[32] In addition, Kajol suffered from a minor injury while filming for the song, as she had experienced a bad fall.[33]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...Soundtrack album by Jatin LalitSandesh ShandilyaAadesh ShrivastavaReleased
2001Genre
Film SoundtrackLanguage
HindiLabel
Sony Music IndiaProducer
Yash Johar

text: The music of the film was composed by Jatin Lalit, Sandesh Shandilya and Aadesh Shrivastava. The lyrics were provided by Sameer, except for "Suraj Hua Maddham" which was penned by Anil Pandey. A total of 11 tracks are present in the album, which was released by Sony Music on 16 October 2001.[34][35] Explaining the album, Karan Johar said, "I wanted music that had all kinds of tunes — pop, romantic, bhangra – but one sound. It had to be larger than life." He added that Jatin-Lalit came up with three "haunting melodies", while Shandilya and Shrivastava came up with the pop and bhangra songs, respectively.[36] A legal suit was filed against Johar for using the song "It's Raining Men" in the film without obtaining prior permission.[37]

text:
Upon release, the soundtrack of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... emerged as a major success by selling 2.5 million units within 30 days.[38] Additionally, it became the largest selling album of the year in India.[39] Writing for Rediff, Sukanya Varma praised most of the compositions, while being critical of the song "Say Shava Shava" due to the "overdose of Punjabi emotions". She summed up by saying, "The music of K3G has a presence. Hate it or love it, you certainly won't ignore it."[40] Planet Bollywood gave it 8 of 10 stars, calling "Suraj Hua Maddham" by Sonu Nigam the best song, and the best reason to buy the album.
[41]

text: Karan Johar said, "The music composers did an excellent job but appreciating the songs without appreciating Sonu Nigam is hollow. I fought with the producers to give Sonu a chance and today he's made the songs immortal."[citation needed]

text: In 2002, Sony released another album titled Klub K3G, featuring remixes by Indian electronic music producers Akshai Sarin, Harshdeep Sidhu, Prempal Hans and others.[42]

text: Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... Album: Track listingNo.TitleLyricsMusicSinger(s)Length1."Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham"SameerJatin LalitLata Mangeshkar7:552."Bole Chudiyan"SameerJatin LalitKavita K. Subramaniam,  Alka Yagnik, Sonu Nigam, Udit Narayan, Amit Kumar6:503."You Are My Soniya"SameerSandesh ShandilyaAlka Yagnik, Sonu Nigam5:454."Suraj Hua Maddham"Anil PandeySandesh ShandilyaAlka Yagnik, Sonu Nigam7:085."Say Shava Shava"SameerAadesh ShrivastavaAlka Yagnik, Sunidhi Chauhan, Udit Narayan, Sudesh Bhonsle, Aadesh Shrivastava, Amitabh Bachchan6:506."Yeh Ladka Hai Allah"SameerJatin LalitAlka Yagnik, Udit Narayan5:287."Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham — Sad (Part 1)"SameerJatin LalitSonu Nigam1:538."Deewana Hai Dekho"SameerSandesh ShandilyaAlka Yagnik, Sonu Nigam, Kareena Kapoor5:469."Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham — Sad (Part 2)"SameerJatin LalitLata Mangeshkar1:5310."Soul of K3G" Sandesh ShandilyaInstrumental2:1811."Vande Mataram"Bankim Chandra ChattopadhyaySandesh ShandilyaKavita K. Subramaniam, Usha Uthup4:15Total length:56:01

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: Initially scheduled for a theatrical release during the Diwali celebrations of 2001, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... released a month later on 14 December.[43] Due to the long duration of the film, theatres screened three shows daily, instead of four. Additionally, due to a massive rush in advance bookings, several theatres increased their ticket prices.[44]

text: The use of "Jana Gana Mana" by Rabindranath Tagore during the film was met with criticism from a certain section of the audiences, and politicians of the Bharatiya Janata Party, for being "out-of-context" and "insulting the national pride".[45] Subsequently, a writ was issued against Dharma Productions in the Allahabad High Court by a petitioner based in Uttar Pradesh.[46] However, the court did not entertain the complainant's petition.[47]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: India[edit]

text: In India, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... met with polarised reactions from film critics. While certain critics praised the visual richness and the performances of the cast, certain others were negative about the lengthy run time and criticised the script strength and inconsistencies. Khalid Mohamed of The Times of India applauded the film and reviewed, "K3G is the complete commercial banquet delivered with fabulous finesse by Karan Johar. So, go indulge yourself. Cry your heart out and surprisingly, you'll feel life's finally alive and kicking in Mumbai's dream world."[49] Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave the film 4.5 out of 5 stars. He praised the emotional sequences, as well as the choreography, production design, costumes, and cinematography. He added that Karan Johar was the real star, for creating many memorable sequences.[19] Rakesh Budhu of Planet Bollywood gave the film 8 out of 10 stars, saying "Dharma Productions has kept its promise in giving us a lovable film to remember in coming times." He pointed out several flaws in the script, but added that the positive aspects of the film managed to outweigh the negative ones. He quoted, "K3G is one heck of an entertainer and was worth the wait".[50] In the film review section of his book Bollywood: An Insider's Guide, Fuad Omar showered overwhelming praise on the film and called it a "masterpiece from the first frame to the last". In summary he said, "Overall Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... is without a doubt the most enthralling, entertaining, emotional and complete vision and definition of Hindi cinema I have ever seen. It is simply the perfect Hindi film."[51]

text: Contrary to the positive reviews, Anjum N., writing for Rediff, said that despite an extraordinary cast and a big budget, "Karan Johar disappoints." He praised Amitabh and Jaya Bachchan's performance and noted Hrithik Roshan for holding his own against the veteran actors. However, in summary he called the film "a bad remix of Mohabbatein and Kuch Kuch Hota Hai".[52] Writing for The Hindu, Ziya Salam praised Kajol's performance and Karan's ability to "keep the viewer occupied". She commented, "Watch Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... not because of the hype which preceded its release but because in these meagre times not many have come up with better fare. The film at least partially redeems the hope surrounding it. Again, just like its name. Some joy, some disappointment."[48] Namarata Joshi of Outlook gave a mixed review and said that while the film "makes you laugh and cry alternately", the shenanigans were nevertheless "fake and affected" and "monochromatic despite the profusion of colours".[53]

text: Overseas[edit]

text:
The reviews were mostly mixed outside of India too, with several critics praising the technical production details of the film, while being somewhat less enthusiastic about the story line. Shamaila Khan of BBC gave the film 9 out of 10 stars and praised the performances of Khan, Kajol and Kapoor. She summed up by saying, "(K3G is) a well made film, with some magical moments (hilarious and weepy) and possibly the world's best looking family!"[54]
Derek Elley of Variety said that it "is a highly enjoyable, often dazzlingly staged vehicle dragged down by a sluggish final half-hour". He also praised the cinematography, and the picturisation of the song, "Say Shava Shava".[55] Corey K. Creekmur, of the University of Iowa, said that there were many ignored or illogical plot points and inconsistencies between the moral messages meant to be portrayed and the manner in which they came off on screen. Overall, he called the film a letdown.[56]

text: Box Office[edit]

text: Upon release, Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... broke all opening records. The film opened to around ₹70 million (US$1.0 million) nett collections in its first weekend in India, with the first week total at around ₹140 million (US$2.0 million).[3] The domestic opening week collections were 70% higher than the previous record and never before had opening records been eclipsed by such large margins. It also set new records for the second and third weeks, by collecting ₹105 million (US$1.5 million) and ₹80 million (US$1.2 million) respectively.[57] The film went on to become the second highest grosser of 2001 domestically, netting ₹550 million (US$8.0 million) in India, and earning "Blockbuster" status.[3][58]

text: The film was released in around 125 prints in the overseas markets, grossing a total of $8.9 million at the end of its theatrical run.[3][59] It performed very well in the United Kingdom, with a gross of $689,000 in its opening weekend. It thus debuted at the third position at the British box-office.[60] The total earnings of the film reached over $3.2 million in the UK.[59] The film also had the biggest opening ever for a Bollywood film in North America, with a gross of $1.1 million in 73 screens.[2] However, according to a report by Rediff, the numbers were so high that the official reporting agency did not believe it, and asked for evidence that could not be furnished until after the reporting deadline had passed. If reported on time, the film would have opened at the number 10 spot in the North American box-office.[60] However, according to figures from Box Office Mojo, the film debuted at the 32nd place at the American box office during the week of 4 January 2002.[61] It eventually gathered a total of $2.9 million there.[59] Additionally, in 2003, the film became the first from India to be given a theatrical release in Germany.[62]

text: Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... earned a worldwide gross of ₹1.35 billion (US$20 million).[3] It was the highest-grossing film of the year in the overseas market, surpassing Gadar: Ek Prem Katha, which was the top grosser of the year. Its record of being the highest grosser in the overseas was broken only by Johar's next directorial, Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006). When adjusted for inflation, the film is still among the highest grossers worldwide.[63]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... received fifteen nominations at the Filmfare Awards, ultimately winning five awards.[64][65] In an interview with Filmfare, Karan Johar said that he was not dejected to have not won many awards at the ceremony, as he felt that Lagaan was "a classic" and deserved to win.[30]

text: The film won several awards at the International Indian Film Academy Awards (IIFA),[66][67] and some at the Zee Cine Awards[68] and Screen Awards[69] ceremonies, among others. Among the cast members, Kajol and Jaya Bachchan won several awards in the Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress category, respectively. At the 13th annual Valenciennes International Film Festival, the film won five major awards, including three Best Film awards and Best Actress for Kajol.[70]

text: Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... received the highest number of acting nominations ever received (6) by a film at Filmfare Awards.[citation needed]

text:
Award

Category

Nominee

Result

Filmfare Awards

Best Actress

Kajol

Won

Best Supporting Actress

Jaya Bachchan

Best Dialogue

Karan Johar

Best Art Direction

Sharmishta Roy

Best Scene of the Year[30]

Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham...

Best Film

Yash Johar

Nominated

Best Director

Karan Johar

Best Actor

Shahrukh Khan

Best Supporting Actor

Amitabh Bachchan

Best Supporting Actor

Hrithik Roshan

Best Supporting Actress

Kareena Kapoor

Best Music Direction

Jatin Lalit

Best Lyricist

Anil Pandey ("Suraj Hua Maddham")

Best Lyricist

Sameer ("Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham")

Best Male Playback

Sonu Nigam ("Suraj Hua Maddham")

Screen Awards

Best Actress

Kajol

Won

Jodi No. 1

Shahrukh Khan & Kajol

Valenciennes International Film Festival

Best Film (Special Jury Award)

Yash Johar

Best Film (Audience Jury Award)

Yash Johar

Best Film (Student Jury Award)

Yash Johar

Best Actress

Kajol

Bleu Nord Award

Jatin Lalit, Sandesh Shandilya, Aadesh Shrivastava

IIFA Awards

Best Supporting Actress

Jaya Bachchan

Best Male Playback

Sonu Nigam ("Suraj Hua Maddham")

Best Dialogue

Karan Johar

Best Art Direction

Sharmishta Roy

Best Background Score

Babloo Chakravarty

Best Sound Recording

Anil Mathur and Nakul Kante

Best Costume Design

Manish Malhotra

Best Makeup

Mikey Contractor

Zee Cine Awards

Best Playback Singer – Male

Sonu Nigam ("Suraj Hua Maddham")

Zee Cine Special Award for Outstanding Performance – Female

Kajol

text: Themes[edit]

text: Film critics and academics have analysed Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... in several ways. In the book, Encyclopedia of Religion and Film, Eric Mazur described several "mythological subtexts" in the film. While mentioning the opening scene of the film, which features the Raichand family worshiping "Hindu deities during the annual Diwali holiday", he explained that the scene allowed the Hindu audiences to participate in the darshan along with the characters.[71]

text: Author Rajani Mazumdar compared Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... to Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994) and added that the film dealt with themes of family and moral values through a "spectacular stage that moves across global locations".[72] She further stated that the buildup to the story was juxtaposed with the backdrop of two contrasting places – the Raichand home and the interiors of Chandni Chowk. While the Raichand house is described as "expensive, almost like a museum", Chandni Chowk is shown as a world of crowds, chaos and festivities. She also made a note of the use of frontal camera angles in order to ensure that the "spectators eye travels throughout the interior expanse".[73]

text: Writer Sangita Gopal analysed the "intensification of the aesthetic effects of Hindi cinema" in the narrative scheme of the film. During the confrontation scene between Yash and Rahul Raichand, a "thundering background score" coupled with "360° panning shots" were used to build up melodrama. She added that while such scenes simply began by reprising previous face-offs in several melodramatic Hindi films (such as Mohabbatein of 2000), they gradually shifted "to a more realist register as the framework moves from a sociology to a psychology of the family".[74] Mazur mentioned the use of "dream sequences" in the film as a means of escapism. He referred to the song "Suraj Hua Maddham" as an extradiegetic sequence that allowed Rahul and Anjali to be physically intimate "in ways that they could not in the real world of the film." He added that the characters conveyed a plethora of emotions not through extensive dialogue but through the exchange of glances, which were demonstrated by extreme close-ups on their eyes.[75]

text: Writing for the book Movie Blockbusters, Andrew Willis commented that the film was specifically written to appeal to the Indian diaspora. He explained that the film was aimed at invoking nostalgia among the large section of NRI's in Canada, United Kingdom and North America.[76] In the second half of the film, Rahul and Anjali move to London, where they enjoy an affluent lifestyle, among several non-Indian neighbours and friends. However, there is a perpetual dissatisfaction among them, especially Anjali, in living away from home.[77] Additionally, she dresses up in a traditional sari and performs the duties of a loyal housemaker. She also frets about her son and younger sister being "too influenced" by Western culture. The film, thus tries to form an emotional connection with the expatriate Indian audiences.[78][79]

text: According to Eckstein, several sequences convey a "culturally conservative" and "idealistic image" of India, while maintaining that the diaspora living in Britain lead a life of "involuntary exile". Western ideology is equated with economic success, with emphasis on Western consumerism such as Starbucks and Burger King.[80] Creekmur believes that Rohan was the only character in the film who could navigate multiple cultural spaces with ease. He seems totally at ease both at his ancestral home in India and in London. Though the tagline for the film was "It's all about loving your parents", Creekmur was skeptical and suggested "the film seems to actually admonish stern fathers to trust and love their children — mothers, aunties, and grandmothers, of course, love their children unconditionally even while respecting the idiotic wishes of vain patriarchs."[56]

text: Other media[edit]

text: During the production and filming process, a book entitled The Making of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham was written by Niranjan Iyengar. It features materials and interviews concerning the producer, director, cinematographer, art director, cast and crew that Iyengar gathered over an 18-month period during the production of the film. The book was released a few days prior to the theatrical release of the film.[81][82][83][84]

text: Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... has been released on VHS and DVD (one and two disc version) formats, beginning in 2002, and in the Blu-ray format beginning in 2010.[85] The two disc DVD version of the film contains a 45-minute documentary entitled The Making of Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham along with deleted scenes, a theatrical trailer, and several television promos.[86]


document_title: Phek district

question_text: how many villages are there in phek district

text: Phek district

text: Geography[edit]

text: Phek district is a mountainous region, of which 70% is evergreen forest. The highest mountain is Zanibu, whose summit is over 2,400 m (7,900 ft) above mean sea level (AMSL). The district HQ town of Phek lies at the lowest altitude of the district at 1,524m above sea level, with the village of Pfutsero at the highest point 2,136m above.[3][4]

text:
The largest rivers of the district are the Tizu, Lanyi, Arachu, and three most important lakes are the Shilloi, Chida and Dzudu.[2]
As of  2002[update], of its 89 recognized villages, twelve were not accessible by road at all, and of the rest only 24 were accessible by "all-weather roads". Only 9 of the 89 villages were still to be connected to the water supply.[3]

text: Avakhung International Border Checkpost, also known as Avankhu in Phek district of Nagaland, is an International Border Checkpost on India–Myanmar barrier and a highway is being developed as part of the Bharatmala project (2017-2022).[5]

text: Climate[edit]

text: The summers are moderately warm with the average temperature being 27 °C without exceeding 32 °C. Monsoon starts towards the end of May, and is over by the end of September. Winters are cold, in comparison to the nearby plains of Assam, with the temperature dropping to 0 °C in the coldest months of January and February.[6]

text: The average annual rainfall is 1,527mm.[6]

text: History[edit]

text: The name Phek comes from the word Phekrekedze, meaning watch tower.[2]

text: Phek district was established in 1973 when it was  by Nagaland state notification notification no. APA.15/12/71 dated 19 December 73

text: Administration[edit]

text:
The Deputy Commissioner's office is located in Phek.
The district is split into 14 administrative circles, which are Pfutsero, Phek Sadar, Chetheba, Chozuba, Meluri, Sekruzu, Chizami, Sakraba, Razieba, Zuketsa, Phor, Khuza, Khezhakeno, and Phokhungri.[7]

text: Additional Deputy Commissioner (ADC) offices are located in Pfutsero, Meluri and Chozuba. A Sub-Divisional Officer is located in Chizami, and Extra Assistant Commissioner EAC headquarters are located in Sakraba, Sekruzu, Phokhungri, Khezhakeno, Chetheba, Khuza, Zuketsa, and Phor.[4]

text: Demographics[edit]

text: As of  2011[update] the 2011 census Phek district has a population of 163,294,[8] roughly equal to the nation of Saint Lucia.[9]  This gives it a ranking of 596th in India (out of a total of 640).[8] Phek has a sex ratio of 951 females for every 1000 males,[8] and a literacy rate of 79.13%.[8]

text: 85% of the population lives in rural areas of the district.[10]

text: The district is the home of the Chakhesang and Pochury tribes.[2]

text: Languages[edit]

text: The following Angami–Pochuri languages are spoken in Phek district.

text:
Chokri language
Kheza language
Pochuri language
Poula language

text: Religion[edit]

text: Christianity is the religion of 97% of the inhabitants. Other religions followed are Hinduism by 2% of the population, Islam by 0.6%, Buddhism by 0.2%, and a few Jains and Sikhs.[10]

text: Towns and villages[edit]

text: As of  2011[update] the 2011 census the district holds two towns, Phek and Pfutsero, and 117 villages, divided into fourteen admin circles as follows:

text:
circle
towns
villages

Chetheba[11]

Chesezumi (3,470), Thenyizumi (3,275), Thipuzu (3,249), Chetheba Hq (1,915), Khulazu Basa (1,839), Khulazu Bawe (1,669), Rihuba (949), Chesezu Nasa (275), Phuyoba (240).

Chizami[12]

Thetsumi (2,840), Chizami Vill. (2,592), Mesulumi (2,037), Chizami Hq (1,283), Enhulumi (1,014), Sumi (508).

Chozuba[13]

Chozuba Hq (3,543), Chozuba Vill. (3,419), Yoruba (3,353), Thevopisu (2,624), Runguzumi Nawe (1,193), Runguzumi Nasa (335), Khesomi (265), Chozubasa (104).

Khezhakeno[14]

Khezakeno Village (3,281), Khezakeno Hq (529).

Khuza[15]

Chiepoketa (1,007), Khuza Village (743), Metsale (663), Tehephu (534), Khutsokhuno (501), Suthotsu (402), Khuza Hq (157).

Meluri[16]

Meluri Hq (5,191), Meluri Village (2,723), Lephori (1,355), Akhegwo (1,196), Matikhru (623), Reguri (592), Kanjang (539), Mollen (430), Khumiasu (407), New Akhegwo (305), Kukhegwo (288), Akhen (128), Akhegwo Junction (113).

Pfutsero[17]

Pfutsero Town Committee (10,371)
Kikruma (7,298), Phusachodu (7,275), Pfutseromi (3,378), Kami (1,239), Lekromi (950), R.D Block Kikruma (571), Kade (147).

Phek Sadar[18]

Phek Town Committee (14,204)
Phek Village (2,744), Losami (2,246), Lozaphuhu (2,077), Ketsapo (2,050), Phek Old Town (924), Sohomi (558), Kizari (490), Kotisu (455), Phek Basa (434), Lanyezho (319), Tezatse (252), Chosaba (210), Satheri (194), Losami Junction (132), Surhoba (118).

Phokhungri[19]

Phokhungri Vill. (629), Sutsu (485), Laruri (472), New Thewati (457), Zipu (387), Phokhungri Hq (259), Mokie (214), Washelo (200), Old Thewati (187), Avankhu (186), Letsam (135).

Phor[20]

Hutsu (1,007), Weziho Town (783), Phor (732), Weziho (699), Satuza (431), Yesisotha Centre (331), Wuzu (314), Kuzatu (195), Yesi (102), New (Phor 523).

Razieba[21]

Zhavame (3,208), Zelume (1,076), Tsupfume (1,070), Razieba Hq (780), Zavachu (371).<

Sakraba[22]

Porba (2,764), Middle Khomi (1,206), Pholami (1,159), Pholami (873), Sakraba (754), Sakraba Hq (735), Upper Khomi (730), Wibo (538), Gidemi (246), Lower Khomi (236).

Sekruzu[23]

Ruzazho (2,848), Dzulhami (2,823), Phugwi (1,527), Suthazu Nawe (1,478), Therhutsesemi (1,010), Khutsami (621), Suthazu Nasa (462), Sekrezu (394), New Ruzazho (203).

Zuketsa[24]

Leshemi (1,877), Zapami (1,308), Lasumi (1,048), Zuketsa (555), Lowuza (456).

text: Economy[edit]

text: Agriculture is the main occupation with Terrace Rice Cultivation (TRC) as the most predominant.[2] Jhum cultivation is also a common practice.[25]

text: Important crops produced in the district include Rice, Maize and Millet.[4]

text: Manufacturing here includes production of salt in Meluri, fruit juice production, weaving, bamboo and wood carving.[2]

text: The healthcare sector comprises one hospital, two community health centres and eight primary health centres.[3]

text: The education sector comprises 116 primary schools, 46 middle schools, 18 high schools plus one higher secondary school, and three colleges.[3]

text: Culture[edit]

text: The festivals of Shükhrünyie, Yemshe, Tsükhrünyie, and Nazhü are celebrated in Phek district.[4]


document_title: Characters of Malcolm in the Middle

question_text: who plays malcolm from malcolm in the middle

text: Characters of Malcolm in the Middle

text: Characters[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2014)

text: Originally there were four brothers (although Malcolm's oldest brother attended a military school away from home, so Malcolm was still the middle sibling left at home). A fifth son was introduced in the show's fourth season, a boy named Jamie. The boys are, from eldest to youngest: Francis, Reese, Malcolm, Dewey, and Jamie. In the final episode, Lois discovered she was pregnant with a sixth child. In the third season, Francis travels home (to celebrate his father's birthday) with an Alaskan girl named Piama, and reveals that they are married.

text: During the first season, the writers decided to keep the family's last name a mystery. In the fifth season episode "Reese Joins the Army (1)", Reese uses a fake ID by the name of "Jetson" to lie about his age. In the series finale, "Graduation", Francis' employee ID reads "Nolastname" (or "No Last Name", a joke referring to the fact that the family name was never spoken aloud). In the same episode when Malcolm was introduced to give the graduation speech, the speaker announces Malcolm's name, but microphone feedback makes his surname inaudible, even though he does appear to mouth the phrase "No last name".[1]

text: In the pilot episode, the name Wilkerson can be seen on the name badge of the uniform Francis is wearing at Marlin Academy. In the sleeve notes for the season 5 DVD released in Europe, the family is referred to as the Wilkersons in the description for the episode "Block Party". British television advertisements and some Fox promotional material also occasionally referred to the family as the Wilkersons, although this name was never spoken aloud in the series. In an early version of the pilot, Malcolm had an exchange of dialogue with a classmate, who claims to have overheard his parents talking about Malcolm's family and asks him what his last name is. When Malcolm responds, "Wilkerson, why?" the friend replied with the punchline, "Oh...who are the 'Pariahs'?"

text: Out of the show's six leads, Cranston, Berfield and Sullivan were the only ones to appear in all 151 .

text: Character Appearances[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Season

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Main characters

Jane Kaczmarek
Lois
Main

Bryan Cranston
Hal
Main

Christopher Masterson
Francis
Main
Recurring

Justin Berfield
Reese
Main

Erik Per Sullivan
Dewey
Main

Frankie Muniz
Malcolm
Main

Catherine Lloyd Burns
Caroline Miller
Main
Recurring

James and Lukas Rodriguez
Jamie

Recurring
Main

Recurring characters

Craig Lamar Traylor
Stevie Kenarban
Recurring

David Anthony Higgins
Craig Feldspar
Recurring

Gary Anthony Williams
Abe Kenarban
Recurring

Evan Matthew Cohen
Lloyd
Recurring

Kyle Sullivan
Dabney
Recurring

Daniel Von Bargen
Edwin Spangler
Recurring
Flashback

Will Jennings
Kyle
Recurring

Flashback

Drew Powell
Drew Horton
Recurring

Flashback

Arjay Smith
Ken Finley
Recurring

Flashback

Karim Prince
Stanley Winn
Recurring

Eric Nenninger
Eric Hansen
Guest
Recurring
Flashback

Merrin Dungey
Kitty Kenarban
Guest
Recurring
Guest

Guest

Kasan Butcher
Joe
Guest
Recurring

Flashback

Tania Raymonde
Cynthia

Recurring
Guest

Cloris Leachman
Ida

Guest
Recurring

Emy Coligado
Piama Tananahaakna

Recurring

Chris Eigeman
Lionel Herkabe

Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Victor Z. Isaac
Kevin

Recurring

Brenda Wehle
Lavernia

Recurring

Sandy Ward
Pete

Recurring

John Ennis
Artie

Recurring

Kenneth Mars
Otto Mannkusser

Recurring

Meagen Fay
Gretchen Mannkusser

Recurring

text: The Family[edit]

text: Hal[edit]

text: Hal, played by Bryan Cranston (all 151 episodes), is the father of the family. Though relaxed in his parenting when compared to Lois, Hal has shown that he can slide into a disciplinarian when confronted by the boys' bad behavior. He comes from a wealthy family who resent his choice to marry Lois over Susan (an action also shared by Victor and Ida). Hal has a hard time making good decisions, which he often deferred to Lois. Despite the fact many of the neighbors hate his family, Hal blends in well with them. He loves Lois more than she loves him, never even thinking about other women. He is also very scared of her, even more than the boys are, which is why he often bribes their sons to take the fall for his wrongdoings. He is very neurotic and has a slight obsessive-compulsive disorder, and also enjoys unusual hobbies. Hal is also a sex addict, this was revealed in the episode "Forbidden Girlfriend" when Lois is taking medication and is unable to have sex for an entire week, it is mentioned again in the episode "Poker 2" when Hal tells his friends he has sex 14 times per week. It was also revealed that Hal was a chain smoker before quitting the habit. Hal's best friend is Abe Kenarban.

text: Francis[edit]

text: Francis, played by Christopher Kennedy Masterson (119 episodes), is the oldest of the brothers, whom Malcolm often looks up to. It is revealed in the episodes "Sleepover" and "The Bots and the Bees" in season one that Francis was a breech birth, and in "Flashback" in season 2, that Lois was in labor with him during her and Hal's wedding. A rebel from birth, showing signs of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder, he was exiled to Marlin Academy by Lois for his behavior before eventually emancipating himself to run away from the Academy to work in Alaska, incurring his mother's wrath. Upon moving to Alaska, he marries a local woman named Piama, who is about one year older than him, and had previously been married briefly, and whom Lois doesn't like. In the series finale, Hal discovers that Francis has taken a job with Amerysis, and Francis admits he likes sitting at a desk sorting computer data. However, he also admits that he has no intentions of telling Lois about the job and enjoys torturing her by telling her that he's still unemployed.

text: Malcolm[edit]

text: Malcolm, portrayed by Frankie Muniz (150 episodes), is the protagonist of the series. He is Five years younger than his oldest brother Francis, one year younger than his older brother Reese, Four years older than his younger brother Dewey, and about 15 years older than his youngest brother Jamie. In the first episode of the series, he is discovered to be a child prodigy and immediately moved from his regular class into the 'Krelboynes', a class for gifted students. Despite his high intelligence, he still gets into mischief either alongside or working against his brothers (in particular, Reese), although he becomes more self-absorbed and egotistical in the later seasons as he goes through puberty. Malcolm, like Reese, is not very popular. However, he has had a number of girlfriends during the series run. Even though he is very intelligent, Malcolm has a short temper, can be easily manipulated and also has problems containing his opinion about himself. Malcolm also occasionally serves as the voice of reason, and does have a conscience, (for instance, despite emotionally manipulating a grieving Hal to buy him a car in the episode "Hal Grieves," when the time comes to make the purchase he finds he can't go through with it). In the series finale, it is revealed that Lois intended him to have a hard life, knowing that he is destined to assume the role of President of the United States; she wants him to remember where he came from to get there and try to help families like his own when he assumes the office. Malcolm eventually comes to terms with his future, after being unable to tell Lois he can't do it. In the series finale, Malcolm begins taking classes at Harvard University. Throughout the series, Malcolm frequently breaks the fourth wall and talks to the viewer about either the current situation or giving exposition about past events.

text: Lois[edit]

text: Lois, played by Jane Kaczmarek (146 episodes), is Francis, Reese, Malcolm, Dewey, and Jamie's angry and temperamental mother. She is an overbearing control freak despised by the neighbors to the point that they refuse to invite her to their gatherings, revealed in "Mono". Unlike Malcolm, Lois isn't bothered by it and tries her best to blend in with it. She was revealed to be a charming and a nurturing mother while Francis was little, but toughened up. She is also always stubbornly right, to the point of being unable to say that she was wrong. It was also shown that she is overbearing and mad as a result of her children's bad behavior, and not her pure hate. At the series finale, Lois is revealed to be pregnant with a sixth child (actually twins). Her unfairness and behavior also come from her miserable childhood, living with a tough mother and an uncaring father (both of whom favored her younger sister, Susan).

text: Reese[edit]

text: Reese, played by Justin Berfield (all 151 episodes), is the second oldest of the sons. He is two years younger than his older brother Francis, one year older than his younger brother Malcolm, six years older than his younger brother Dewey, and about 16 years older than his youngest brother Jamie. It was revealed in the episode "Flashback", in season 2, that Reese has been vicious from the womb, so vicious in fact that when he kept kicking Lois during labor, she pushed him out by force. A complete moron from birth, Reese is the worst-behaved of the brothers. Reese is inclined to beat up the Krelboynes. He is intimidated by certain students, including Ira, a dumb jock at school. Despite his violent, idiotic nature, Reese is a culinary prodigy, after finding that he has a talent and genuine love for cooking and baking. He is also the favorite grandson of his grandmother Ida, who taught him the importance of having patsies. In the series finale, Reese moves in with Craig Feldspar and is a janitor at his alma mater North High.

text: Dewey[edit]

text: Dewey, played by Erik Per Sullivan (all 151 episodes), is portrayed as being quieter and more inclined to the arts than his brothers. He soon finds he is a musical prodigy, and as the series goes on he becomes more caring and thoughtful especially in regards to his younger brother Jamie, whom he decides not to bully like he was by Malcolm and Reese. Lois remarks at one point that unlike Malcolm, who would have to work hard to achieve success, Dewey would have success handed to him. Dewey joins the Buseys, a class for the emotionally disturbed, by mistake and ends up becoming their unofficial teacher. He ended up caring for his fellow students so much that, when the mistake was uncovered, he feigned severe emotional problems so he could remain. In the final few seasons, Dewey becomes increasingly bitter towards his parents due to them overlooking him throughout his childhood and neglecting his interests. Because of this, he forces them to give Jamie the childhood he never had. In the last episode, he and Jamie (the only other remaining brother living at home) continued the tradition of causing havoc all over the house.

text: Jamie[edit]

text: Jamie was played by identical twin brothers James and Lukas Rodriguez (35 episodes). The youngest brother born who is the only brother to have beaten Lois in her own game, bordering to attacking her (though Reese was mostly responsible for feeding him soda). Like Malcolm and Dewey, Jamie is revealed to be intelligent, evident when he tricked Reese into taking a marker after he colored part of the wall.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

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text:
Stevie Kenarban, played by Craig Lamar Traylor (56 episodes), is Malcolm's best friend and classmate. He is wheelchair-bound and is missing a lung, requiring him to speak slowly and take deep breaths after saying a word. Though Malcolm is initially upset when Lois arranges a "playdate" for him and Stevie in the pilot episode, the boys immediately find common ground, particularly their love of comic books, and become friends. His parents are very overprotective of him, although Stevie displays in many episodes that he lives very comfortably with his disability and even has a dark sense of humor about it.
Craig Feldspar, portrayed by David Anthony Higgins (39 episodes), is Lois' co-worker at the Lucky Aide. He is a hopeless romantic, and has unrequited feelings for Lois. He is very childish and is a coward. He plays the ukulele and the banjo, and he sings in a countertenor voice. By the end of the series, Craig becomes Reese's roommate.
Piama Tananahaakna, played by Emy Coligado (29 episodes), is Francis' wife whom he met and married off-screen during his year in Alaska. Piama is about a year older than Francis, and before him, Piama had previously been married briefly. Primarily due to her being brought home under volatile circumstances, in which Francis (while still a minor, although emancipated) shocked the family with news of the marriage and thus disrupting Hal's birthday party, Lois disliked Piama from her introduction in the third season and into the fourth. However, after an embarrassing encounter with her wealthy in-law's, Lois has been much more respectful of Piama. She originally started off against having children, but by Graduation, Piama got over it after Reese's prank went awry ("We may as well go ahead and have kids now, I'm not afraid of changing diapers any more.")
Victor Welker and Ida Kenzel-Welker, played by Robert Loggia (1 episode) and Cloris Leachman (11 episodes) respectively, are Lois' parents of a German-Croatian background. Victor dies some time before the events of the season two episode "Christmas", in which Ida is widowed. Ida harbors a strong dislike for both Francis and Lois, evident for the way she has been treated by them. She favors Reese, which allows him to love her. Ida belittles Malcolm for being weak in not standing up against his mother and largely ignores Dewey (although she did, on one occasion, save him from being hit by a car, causing her to lose a leg). Ida harbored resentment towards Victor's secret other family for stealing what was rightfully hers, until Lois discovered that she isn't blood related to Victor (and possibly Susan as well) and abandoned Ida. Ida acknowledged that her life growing up in Croatia under the Ustaše was difficult, possibly due to the Ustaše's policies.
Abraham "Abe" Kenarban, played by Gary Anthony Williams (19 episodes), is Stevie's father and Kitty's husband, and a close family friend of both Lois and particularly Hal. Abe is initially depicted as cowardly and dependent on Kitty's guidance (which he attributes to his upbringing, having been raised by his grandmother and four spinster aunts). However he ultimately becomes more self-reliant after Kitty's departure. Despite this, Abe is more than willing to take Kitty back after her return, going as far as to harbor resentment towards Lois after she criticized Kitty's decision to leave.
Kitty Kenarban, played by Merrin Dungey (5 episodes), is Stevie's mother and Abe's wife. Because of actress Merrin Dungey's commitment to the ABC series Alias, Kitty remains unseen for much of the series before it is revealed that she abandoned her husband and son, briefly throwing Stevie into a deep depression. She returns briefly in the season six episode "Kitty's Back".
Caroline Miller, played by Catherine Lloyd Burns (15 episodes), is the primary teacher of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" class in the first two seasons. She is shown to be overly-earnest as well as to adore Malcolm, who might possibly have been her favorite student. In season 1, she is included as part of the main cast, but in season 2, is a recurring character. In season 2, she is shown to be pregnant until she gives birth to her baby in the parking lot. After her baby was born, she quit teaching. She was never seen or mentioned again after season 2.
Cynthia Sanders, played by Tania Raymonde (4 episodes), is one of Malcolm's classmates. She has a very extensive vocabulary, but has a difficult time making friends. Depicted as relatively cheerful, Cynthia becomes one of Malcolm's earliest crushes on the show, although a relationship never develops. Cynthia is last seen claiming to never have sex with Malcolm again (which never happened in the first place) to snap him out of a recent funk and keep him from pulling a prank meant to get him sent away like Francis.
Lloyd Jensen, played by Evan Matthew Cohen (25 episodes) is one of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" classmates who recurs throughout the series. He frequently worries about random small things, gets hurt, and falls victim to bullies. He also has an effeminate personality.
Dabney Hooper, played by Kyle Sullivan (24 episodes) is one of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" classmates who recurs throughout the series. Often depicted as the weakest and most cowardly of the group, Dabney's life is almost completely controlled by his overbearing mother, although in his last appearance his ability to release his anger towards his mom results in him immediately developing a tougher persona.
Flora Mayesh, played by Kristin Quick (15 episodes), is one of Malcolm's other "Krelboyne" classmates. Flora was mostly just a background character and rarely had dialogue and was therefore not in the credits for 12 of her episodes.
Eraserhead, played by Will Jennings (12 episodes), is one of Malcolm's "Krelboyne" classmates who recurs throughout early episodes of the series.
Kevin, played by Victor Z. Isaac (5 episodes)
Jessica, played by Hayden Panettiere (4 episodes), is a classmate of Malcolm and Reese's. In one instance, she babysat Malcolm and Reese despite being younger than them, embarrassing the brothers.
Mr. Herkabe (first name Lionel), played by Chris Eigeman (8 episodes), is introduced in Season 3 as the Krelboynes' teacher after Caroline leaves. A Krelboyne himself in middle school, he was forced into a teaching career after losing his millions in a failed dot-com company. He is portrayed as an evil and conniving man who thrives on psychological warfare and making children suffer. He is especially threatened by Malcolm and quickly becomes his nemesis at school, even blackmailing North High's principal, Block (before Hodges took over), into hiring him as vice principal when Malcolm enrolls there. For some reason Mr. Herkabe also intensely enjoys humiliating Reese to antagonize Malcolm more. However, Herkabe's arrogance in confessing that he had failed gym and lied about not taking the course, was brought to light that led to his GPA Award being revoked by Mr. Hodges. He was last seen being humiliated by Reese during dodgeball.
Commandant Edwin Spangler, played by Daniel von Bargen (16 episodes), is the military veteran in charge of the cadets at Marlin Academy. He has a contentious relationship with the rebellious Francis throughout his entire stay at the Academy, although the two were shown at times to have a deep sympathy for the other's emotional scarring. After Spangler is fired from Marlin Academy and arrives in Alaska, Francis gets him a job at the Snow Haven Retirement Home where he has free rein to bully the elderly.
Cadet Eric Hansen, played by Eric Nenninger (28 episodes), one of Francis' friends and classmates from Marlin Academy. Francis accompanies Eric in his plan to abandon the Academy to find well-paying labor work in Alaska. At the end of season three, Eric is seen for the final time being left by Francis to hitchhike home, possibly as revenge for even suggesting to find work in Alaska.
Lavernia, played by Brenda Wehle (10 episodes), is Francis and Eric's malevolent boss who owns the logging site in Alaska. She has a debt book and presumably knows every dirty secret about her workers. Lavernia has a personal grudge towards Piama, who blackmailed her to be nice to Francis by holding her pet parakeet hostage.
Otto Mankusser, played by Kenneth Mars (13 episodes), is Francis' friendly and cheerful boss at the dude ranch, albeit a bit naïve at times.
Ed, played by Paul Wilson (5 episodes), is one of the many neighbors who despises Hal and Lois, along with Reese. He has shown some favoritism towards Malcolm for helping him set up his new computer.
Ira Prescott, played by Jonny Acker (3 episodes), is a student of North High School. He is Billy's older brother and Reese's bully. Ira made his first appearance in "Forbidden Girlfriend" in which he owns a car which Reese ruins by using Dewey in pouring cement in it and letting Billy take the blame for the prank. With Dewey's help, Ira got his revenge on Reese for his prank and using Billy by simply beating him up. He returns briefly in Season 5's "Malcolm Films Reese" who is among the students in humiliation and in Reese's Apartment when Malcolm is tutoring Ira and help get him a passing grade in his classes so he can keep his spot on the North High School sports team(which is never specified). Unlike Reese, Ira has more respect for Malcolm.