document_title: Metal Gear Solid

question_text: when does metal gear solid 1 take place

question_tokens: when does metal gear solid 1 take place

text: Metal Gear Solid

text: Gameplay

text: The player must navigate the protagonist, Solid Snake, through the game's areas without being detected by enemies.[15] Detection is triggered by the player moving into an enemy's field of vision and sets off an alarm that draws armed enemies to his location.[16] This also triggers "alert mode" and the player must then hide and remain undetected, at which point “evasion mode” begins and once the counter reaches zero the game returns to "infiltration mode" where enemies are not suspicious of Snake’s presence. The radar cannot be used in alert or evasion mode. In addition to the stealth gameplay, there are set-piece sequences that entail firefights between the player and enemies.[17]

text: To remain undetected, the player can perform techniques which make use of both Solid Snake's abilities and the environment, such as crawling under objects, using boxes as cover, ducking or hiding around walls, and making noise to distract enemies. An on-screen radar provides the player with the location of nearby enemies and their field of vision.[18] Snake can also make use of many items and gadgets, such as infra-red goggles and a cardboard box disguise. The emphasis on stealth promotes a less violent form of gameplay, as fights against large groups of enemies will often result in serious damage to Snake.[19]

text: Despite the switch to 3D, the game is still played primarily from an overhead perspective similar to the original 2D Metal Gear games. However, the camera angle will change during certain situations, such as a corner view when Snake flattens himself to a wall next to an open space, or into first-person when crawling under tight spaces or using certain items such as the binoculars or a sniper rifle.[19] The player can also use the first-person view while remaining idle to look around Snake's surroundings or see what's ahead of him.[19]

text: Progress is punctuated by cutscenes and codec, as well as encounters with bosses. To progress, players must discover the weaknesses of each boss and defeat them.[19] Play controls and strategies can also be accessed via the Codec radio, where advice is delivered from Snake's support team; for example, the support team may chastise Snake for not saving his progress often enough, or explain his combat moves in terms of which buttons to press on the gamepad. The Codec is also used to provide exposition on the game's backstory.[19]

text: In addition to the main story, there's also a VR training mode in which the player can test out their sneaking skills in a series of artificially constructed environments.[19] This mode is divided into three main categories (practice, time attack, and gun shooting), each consisting of ten stages. After completing all 30 stages, a survival mission is unlocked in which the player must proceed through all ten gun shooting stages in a row under a seven-minute limit.[19]

text: Characters

text: The protagonist is Solid Snake, a legendary infiltrator and saboteur. During the mission, Snake receives support and advice via codec radio. Colonel Roy Campbell, Solid Snake's former commanding officer, supports Snake with advice and tactics. While he initially keeps a number of secrets from Snake, he gradually reveals them.[20] He is joined by Naomi Hunter, who gives medical advice; Nastasha Romanenko, who provides item and weapon tips; Master Miller, a former drill instructor and survival coach; and Mei Ling, who invented the soliton radar system used in the mission and is also in charge of mission data; the player can call her to save the game.

text: The main antagonist of the game is Liquid Snake, leader of a now-terrorist splinter cell of the organization FOXHOUND, and genetic counterpart to Solid Snake.[17][19] An elite special forces unit, FOXHOUND contains experts specializing in unique tasks. Members are Revolver Ocelot, a Western-style gunslinger and expert interrogator whose weapon of choice is the Colt Single Action Army; Sniper Wolf, a preternatural sniper; Vulcan Raven, a hulking Alaskan shaman armed with an M61 Vulcan torn from a downed F-16; Psycho Mantis, a psychic profiler and psychokinesis expert; and Decoy Octopus, a master of disguise.[17][19]

text: Other characters include Meryl Silverburgh, Colonel Campbell's niece and a rookie soldier stationed in Shadow Moses who did not join the revolt; Dr. Hal Emmerich, the lead developer of Metal Gear REX; and the "Ninja", a mysterious cybernetically enhanced agent who is neither an ally nor an enemy of Snake but does oppose FOXHOUND.[17][19]

text: Plot

text:
Metal Gear chronology

1964 – Snake Eater
1974 – Peace Walker
1975 – Ground Zeroes
1984 – The Phantom Pain
1995 – Metal Gear
1999 – Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake
2005 – Metal Gear Solid (The Twin Snakes)
2007/09 – Sons of Liberty
2014 – Guns of the Patriots

v
t
e

tag: table

text: The year is 2005, six years after the downfall of Zanzibarland.[21] A renegade genetically-enhanced special forces unit, FOXHOUND, has seized a remote island in Alaska's Fox Archipelago codenamed "Shadow Moses", the site of a nuclear weapons disposal facility.[19] FOXHOUND threatens to use the nuclear-capable mecha, Metal Gear REX, against the U.S. government if they do not receive the remains of Big Boss and the ransom of $1 billion within 24 hours.[22] Solid Snake is forced out of retirement by Colonel Roy Campbell to infiltrate the island and neutralize the threat.[23]

text: Snake enters the facility via an air vent and locates the first hostage, DARPA Chief Donald Anderson. Anderson reveals that Metal Gear REX can be deactivated with a secret detonation override code, but dies of a heart attack.[24] Colonel Campbell's niece Meryl Silverburgh, held hostage in an adjoining cell,[25] helps Snake escape. Snake locates another hostage, ArmsTech president Kenneth Baker,[7] but is confronted by FOXHOUND member Revolver Ocelot. Their gunfight is interrupted by a mysterious cyborg ninja who cuts off Ocelot's right hand. Baker briefs Snake on the Metal Gear project and advises him to contact Meryl, whom he gave a PAL card that might prevent the launch, but he too dies of a sudden heart attack.[26][27]

text: Over Codec, Meryl agrees to meet in the warhead disposal area on the condition that Snake contacts Metal Gear's designer, Dr. Hal "Otacon" Emmerich. En route, Snake receives an anonymous codec call warning him of a tank ambush.[28] Snake fends off the attack from Vulcan Raven and proceeds to the rendezvous, where he locates Otacon. The ninja reappears and Snake realizes it is his former ally Gray Fox, believed dead.[29] Otacon agrees to aid Snake remotely using special camouflage to procure information and supplies.

text: Snake meets Meryl and receives the PAL card. As they head for the underground base, Meryl is possessed by psychic Psycho Mantis and pulls her gun on Snake. He disarms her and defeats Mantis, who informs Snake that he has "a large place" in her heart. After they reach the underground passageway, Sniper Wolf ambushes them, wounds Meryl, and captures Snake. Liquid confirms Snake's suspicion that they are twin brothers.[30] After being tortured by Ocelot,[31] Snake is confused to discover Anderson's body in his cell, seemingly dead for days. He escapes, makes his way up the communications tower, and fends off a helicopter attack from Liquid. As he emerges onto a snowfield, he is confronted again by Sniper Wolf. He kills her, devastating Otacon, who was infatuated with her.

text: Snake continues to REX's hangar and is ambushed again by Raven. After Snake defeats him, Raven tells Snake that "Anderson" was, in fact, FOXHOUND disguise artist Decoy Octopus.[32] Infiltrating Metal Gear's hangar, Snake overhears Liquid and Ocelot preparing the REX launch sequence and uses the PAL card, but this unexpectedly activates REX.[33] Liquid reveals that he has been impersonating Snake's advisor Master Miller and that FOXHOUND has used Snake to facilitate REX's launch.[34] He and Snake are the product of the Les Enfants Terribles project, a 1970s government program to clone Big Boss.[35] He also reveals to Snake the government's true reason for sending him: Snake is unknowingly carrying a weaponized "FoxDie" virus that causes cardiac arrest in FOXHOUND members on contact, allowing the government to retrieve REX undamaged.[36]

text: As Liquid, in REX, battles Snake, Gray Fox appears, destroys REX's radome, and is killed. Snake destroys REX and defeats Liquid, then escapes with Meryl or Otacon[b] via an underground tunnel, pursued by Liquid in a Jeep. After their vehicles crash, Liquid pulls a gun on Snake but dies from FoxDie.[37] Colonel Campbell, briefly ousted from command, calls off a nuclear strike to destroy evidence of the operation and has Snake registered as killed in action to stop the US government searching for him.[38] Naomi Hunter, who injected Snake with the FoxDie virus, tells him that he has an indeterminate amount of time before it kills him. Ocelot calls the U.S. President; he was a double agent whose mission was to steal Baker's disk of Metal Gear specifications.[39]

text: Development

text: Kojima originally planned the third Metal Gear game in 1994 for the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer.[40] Conceptual artwork by Yoji Shinkawa of the characters Solid Snake, Meryl Silverburgh, who was also a character in the adventure game Policenauts, and the FOXHOUND team, were included in the Policenauts: Pilot Disk preceding the release of the full version of the 3DO game in 1995.[41] After the 3DO was discontinued, development shifted to the PlayStation after Policenauts was released.

text: The game was titled Metal Gear Solid, rather than Metal Gear 3, due to the fact that the MSX2 versions of the previous Metal Gear games were not widely released, particularly Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake, which was only released in Japan and was not ported to any other platform at the time (a different sequel titled Snake's Revenge was released for the NES in the west instead).[42] The word "Solid" was chosen due to the switch from 2D to 3D computer graphics.[43]

text: Development for Metal Gear Solid began in mid-1995[44] with the intention of creating the "best PlayStation game ever".[45] Developers aimed for accuracy and realism while making the game enjoyable and tense. In the early stages of development, the Huntington Beach SWAT team educated the creators with a demonstration of vehicles, weapons, and explosives. Weapons expert Motosada Mori was also tapped as technical adviser in the research, which included visits to Fort Irwin and firing sessions at Stembridge Gun Rentals.[45][46] Kojima stated that "if the player isn't tricked into believing that the world is real, then there's no point in making the game". To fulfill this, adjustments were made to every detail, such as individually designed desks.[47]

text: The characters and mecha designs were made by artist Yoji Shinkawa based on Kojima's concepts. According to Shinkawa, Solid Snake's physique in this particular installment was based on Jean-Claude Van Damme, while his facial appearance was based on Christopher Walken.[48][49] The characters were completed by polygonal artists using brush drawings and clay models by Shinkawa.[50] Kojima wanted greater interaction with objects and the environment, such as allowing the player to hide bodies in a storage compartment. Additionally, he wanted "a full orchestra right next to the player"; a system which made modifications such as tempo and texture to the currently playing track, instead of switching to another pre-recorded track. Although these features could not be achieved, they were implemented in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty.[51]

text: Metal Gear Solid was shown to the public at E3 1997 as a short video. It was playable for the first time at the Tokyo Game Show in 1998 and released the same year in Japan[52] with an extensive promotional campaign.[45] Television and magazine advertisements, in-store samples, and demo giveaways contributed to a total of $8 million in promotional costs.[53] An estimated 12 million demos for the game were distributed in 1998.[54]

text: Music

text:
TAPPY
"Metal Gear Solid Main Theme"

30-second sample from the main theme of Metal Gear Solid, composed by TAPPY.

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: The musical score of Metal Gear Solid was composed by Konami's in-house musicians, including Kazuki Muraoka, Hiroyuki Togo, Takanari Ishiyama, Lee Jeon Myung, and Maki Kirioka. Composer and lyricist Rika Muranaka provided a song called "The Best is Yet To Come" for the game's ending credits sequence.[55] The song is performed in Irish by Aoife Ní Fhearraigh.[56] The main theme was composed by Tappi Iwase from the Konami Kukeiha Club.

text: Music played in-game has a synthetic feel with increased pace and introduction of strings during tense moments, with a looping style endemic to video games. Overtly cinematic music, with stronger orchestral and choral elements, appears in cutscenes. The soundtrack was released on September 23, 1998, under the King Records label.[57]

text: Releases

text: Metal Gear Solid was first released for the PlayStation in Japan on September 3, 1998. The game was available in a standard edition, as well as a limited "Premium Package" edition sold in a large box that also contained a t-shirt, a pair of FOXHOUND-themed dog tags, memory card stickers, an audio CD featuring the soundtracks from the MSX2 Metal Gear games (including a few bonus arranged tracks), and a 40-page booklet titled Metal Gear Solid Classified featuring production notes, interviews with the developers, and a glossary of terminology in the game.[58]

text: The North American version was released a month later on October 20. Changes and additions were made to this version, such as a choice of three difficulty settings when starting a new game (with a fourth setting that is unlocked after completing the game once), an alternate tuxedo outfit for Snake (which the character wears on every third playthrough on the same save file), and a "demo theater" mode where the player views every cutscene and radio conversations relevant to the main story.[17][59] Jeremy Blaustein, who previously worked on the English localization of Snatcher for the Sega CD, wrote the English version of the script.[5] One change in the English script was the addition of Western sources and authors to Mei-Ling's pool of motivational quotes; originally the character only cited Chinese proverbs natively, providing an explanation afterward in Japanese, but this proved difficult to adapt during the translation.[60] The games detected by Psycho Mantis when he reads the player's memory card were also changed, due to certain titles (such as the Tokimeki Memorial series) not being released outside Japan. This resulted in Kojima's cameo (in which he thanks the player for supporting his work via a voiceover) being cut from the Western versions, as save data from two PlayStation titles not available outside Japan, Snatcher and Policenauts, needed to be present on the player's memory card for this Easter egg to appear.[61]

text: The game was launched in Europe on February 22, 1999, with versions voiced in French, Italian, and German available in addition to English.[60] A Spanish dubbed version was later released on May 1.[3] A limited premium package edition was also produced for the European market similar to the one released in Japan, although the content differs significantly from its Japanese counterpart.[62]

text: The Japanese PlayStation version of Metal Gear Solid had been reissued twice: once under "The Best" series and later as a "PS one Books" title (both are equivalents of "greatest hits" re-release series for video game consoles in the West). Likewise, the American and European versions of Metal Gear Solid were reissued under the "Greatest Hits" and "Platinum" series respectively. The game is included in the Japanese Metal Gear Solid: 20th Anniversary Collection set[63] and in the American Essential Collection set.[64] The original Metal Gear Solid was released on the PlayStation Store for download on the PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Portable on March 21, 2008, in Japan[65] and on June 18, 2009, in North America[66] and on November 19 of the same year in Europe.[67]

text: Integral

text: Released on June 25, 1999, for the PlayStation in Japan,[68] Metal Gear Solid: Integral[c] is an expanded edition of the game that features the added content from the American and European versions. It replaces the Japanese voices from the original version with the English dub, offering players a choice between Japanese and English subtitles during cutscenes and CODEC conversations (item descriptions, mission logs, and other text are still in Japanese).[22] Further additional content to the main game include an alternate "sneaking suit" outfit for Meryl (which she wears when Snake is dressed in the tuxedo), a "Very Easy" difficulty setting where the player starts the mission armed with a suppressor-equipped MP5 sub-machine gun with infinite ammo (substituting the FAMAS rifle in Snake's inventory), an eighth Codec frequency featuring written staff commentary (unvoiced and in Japanese only) on every area and boss encounter, hidden music tracks, an alternate game mode where the player controls Snake from a first-person perspective (on Normal difficulty only), an option for alternate patrol routes for enemies, and a downloadable PocketStation minigame. The Torture Event was also made easier on higher difficulty levels, reducing the number of rounds to three per session in all settings.

text: The VR training mode from the original Metal Gear Solid has been expanded into 300 stages, which are now stored on a separate third disc known as the "VR Disc". These new set of missions are divided into four main categories: Sneaking, Weapons, Advanced and Special. The first three categories feature standard training exercises that test the player's sneaking, shooting, and combat skills, while the fourth category contains less conventional tests involving murder mysteries, giant genome soldiers, and flying saucers. One particular set of missions has the player controlling the Cyborg Ninja, unlocked by either completing a minigame on the PocketStation and uploading the data to the VR Disc or by achieving the Fox rank on the main game.[69] Completing all 300 missions will unlock a concept artwork of Metal Gear RAY, a mech that would later appear in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty. Additional content includes preview trailers of Metal Gear Solid from trade events and a photo shoot mode where the player can take photographs of fully expressive polygonal models of Mei Ling and Dr. Naomi after completing the main game.[60] Famitsu magazine rated Metal Gear Solid: Integral a 34 out of 40.[70]

text: The third disc from Integral was released as a stand-alone game in North America under the title of Metal Gear Solid: VR Missions on September 23, 1999.[22][71] While the content of VR Missions is virtually identical to Integral's VR Disc, the unlocking requirements for the Ninja missions and the photo shoot mode were changed accordingly so that they no longer required save data from the main game or any use of the PocketStation.

text: The VR Disc was also released in the PAL region as a "data disc" titled Metal Gear Solid: Special Missions on October 29, 1999. Unlike the Japanese and American versions, Special Missions requires a PAL copy of the original Metal Gear Solid in order to be played. This change was done since the original Metal Gear Solid was released in multiple languages in Europe and Special Missions determines the language it uses based on which version of the original game the player owns. When the Special Missions disc is loaded into the PlayStation console, the game will ask the player to switch the disc with the first disc from Metal Gear Solid in order to load voice and language data before asking the player to switch back to the Special Missions disc to start the game.[72] This requirement renders Special Missions incompatible with PlayStation 2 consoles made prior to the SCPH-70000 model.

text: PC version

text: The PC version of Metal Gear Solid was released in North America, Europe, and Asia in late 2000.[13][22][73] This version was published by Microsoft Game Studios and developed by Digital Dialect. It supports the use of a keyboard or a USB game controller with at least six buttons (with the manual recommending the Sidewinder Game Pad Pro). It also supports Direct3D-capable video cards, allowing for a high resolution of up to 1024x768. The PC version is simply labeled Metal Gear Solid on the packaging, but the actual game uses the Metal Gear Solid: Integral logo, although it has some differences as well from the PlayStation version of Integral and lacks some of its content. The biggest change was reducing the number of discs from three to two, which was done by giving each disc two separate executable files, one for the main game (mgsi.exe) and the other for the VR training portion (mgsvr.exe), thus eliminating the need for a stand-alone third disc.

text: One notable omission was the removal of the cutscene prior to the Psycho Mantis battle in which he reads the player's memory card and activates the vibration function of the player's controller if a DualShock is being used, as this scene involved the use of PlayStation-specific peripherals. The method for defeating Mantis was also changed from using the second controller to simply using the keyboard (regardless of whether the player was using a game controller or not up to that point). Other omissions include the removal of the eighth Codec frequency (140.07), which featured written commentaries by the developers, Meryl's alternate sneaking suit outfit, and the mission logs when loading a save file. However, the PC version adds the option to toggle moving and shooting in first-person view mode at any time regardless of difficulty setting, and players can now save their progress at any point without contacting Mei-Ling through the use of quick saves. On the VR training portion, all 300 missions, as well as the photo shoot mode, are available from the start, although the three unlockable preview trailers from the PlayStation version have been removed.[74]

text: Scoring 83 in Metacritic's aggregate, the game was criticized for "graphic glitches", the aged nature of the port, and being essentially identical to the PlayStation version.[75]

text: The Twin Snakes

text: A remake of Metal Gear Solid, titled Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes, was developed by Silicon Knights under the supervision of Hideo Kojima and released for the GameCube in North America, Japan, and Europe in March 2004.[14] While Twin Snakes was largely developed at Silicon Knights, its cutscenes were developed in-house at Konami and directed by Japanese film director Ryuhei Kitamura, reflecting his dynamic signature style, utilizing bullet-time photography and choreographed gunplay extensively.[76] While the storyline and settings of the game were unchanged (although a select few lines of dialog were re-written more closely resembling the original Japanese version), a variety of gameplay features from Sons of Liberty were added such as the first person aiming and hanging from bars on walls. Another change in the English voice acting was the reduction of Mei Ling's, Naomi's and Nastasha's accents, as well as the recasting of Gray Fox from Greg Eagles, who still reprises the role of the DARPA chief, to Rob Paulsen. The graphics were also updated to match those of Metal Gear Solid 2.[77]

text: Related media

text: A Japanese radio drama version of Metal Gear Solid, directed by Shuyo Murata and written by Motosada Mori, was produced shortly after the release of the original PlayStation game. 12 episodes were aired, from 1998 to 1999 on Konami's CLUB db program. The series was later released on CD as a two-volume series.[78][79] Set after the events of the PlayStation game, Snake, Meryl, Campbell and Mei Ling (all portrayed by their original Japanese voice actors) pursue missions in hostile third world nations as FOXHOUND. The new characters introduced include Sgt. Allen Iishiba (voiced by Toshio Furukawa), a Delta Force operative who assists Snake and Meryl, Col. Mark Cortez (v.b. Osamu Saka), an old friend of Campbell who commands the fictional Esteria Army Special Forces, and Capt. Sergei Ivanovich (v.b. Kazuhiro Nakata), a former war buddy of Revolver Ocelot from his SVR days.[80][81]

text: In September 2004, IDW Publications began publishing a series of Metal Gear Solid comics,[82] written by Kris Oprisko and illustrated by Ashley Wood.[83] As of 2006, 12 issues have been published, fully covering the Metal Gear Solid storyline.[84] The comic was adapted into a PlayStation Portable game titled Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel (Metal Gear Solid: Bande Dessinée in Japan).[85] It features visual enhancements and two interactive modes designed to give further insight into the publication.[86] Upon viewing the pages, the player can open a "scanning" interface to search for characters and items in a three-dimensional view.[86] Discoveries are added to a database which can be traded with other players via Wi-Fi. The "mission mode" allows the player to add collected information into a library. This information must be properly connected to complete a mission. Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel was released in North America on June 13, 2006, Japan on September 21 and the PAL region on September 22.[87] In 2006, the game received IGN's award for Best Use of Sound on the PSP.[88] A DVD-Video version is included with its sequel (Metal Gear Solid 2: Bande Dessinée), which was released in Japan on June 12, 2008. The DVD version features full voice acting.[89]

text: A novelization based on the original Metal Gear Solid was written by Raymond Benson and published by Del Rey. The American paperback edition was published on May 27, 2008,[90] and the British Edition on June 5, 2008.[91]

text: A second novelization by Kenji Yano (written under the pen name Hitori Nojima), titled Metal Gear Solid Substance I, was published by Kadokawa Shoten in Japan on August 25, 2015.[92] This novelization is narrated through a text file written by a young man living in Manhattan in 2009 (the present year of the Plant chapter in Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty). The story also acknowledges certain plot elements from Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain regarding certain characters such as Liquid Snake and Psycho Mantis.

text: Reception and legacy

text:
Reception

Aggregate scores

Aggregator
Score

GameRankings
93% (PS)[93]
84% (PC)[94]

Metacritic
94/100 (PS)[10]
83/100 (PC)[95]

Review scores

Publication
Score

CVG
9/10[101]

Edge
9/10[96]

EGM
40/40[97]

GameSpot
8.5/10[98]

IGN
9.8/10[99]

PSM
10/10[100]

Awards

Publication
Award

Japan Media Arts Festival
Excellence Award for Interactive Art[102]

Electronic Gaming Monthly
(Editors' Choice)
Game of the Year (Runner‑Up),
PlayStation Game of the Year,
Adventure Game of the Year,
Best Sound Effects,
Best Graphics[103]

Electronic Gaming Monthly
(Readers' Choice)
Game of the Year (Runner‑Up),
PlayStation Game of the Year,
Adventure Game of the Year,
Best Sound Effects,
Best Music (Runner-Up),
Best Graphics (Runner‑Up)[103]

Official U.S. PlayStation Magazine
(1998 OPM Editors' Awards)
Best Game of '98,
Best Adventure Game,
Best Sound,
Best Graphics (Runner-Up),
Best Story (Runner-Up)[104]

text: Metal Gear Solid was critically acclaimed, gaining a 93% and 94/100 aggregate at rating websites GameRankings and Metacritic, respectively.[10][93]

text: The review in PlayStation Magazine declared it "the best game ever made. Unputdownable and unforgettable."[100] The review by IGN opined Metal Gear Solid came "closer to perfection than any other game in PlayStation's action genre" and called it "beautiful, engrossing, and innovative...in every conceivable category."[99] Computer and Video Games compared it to "playing a big budget action blockbuster, only better."[101]

text: GamePro called it "this season's top offering [game] and one game no self-respecting gamer should be without," but criticized the frame rate that "occasionally stalls the eye-catching graphics".[105] GameSpot was critical of how easy it is for the player to avoid being seen, as well as the game's short length, calling it "more of a work of art than ... an actual game."[98]

text: Metal Gear Solid received an Excellence Award for Interactive Art at the 1998 Japan Media Arts Festival.[102] The Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences nominated Metal Gear Solid for its 1998 "Outstanding Achievement in Character or Story Development" award, although the game lost to Pokémon Red and Blue.[106]

text: Retrospective

text: Metal Gear Solid is often recognized as one of the key titles involved in popularizing the stealth game genre. The idea of the player being unarmed and having to avoid being seen by enemies rather than fight them has been used in many games since. It is also sometimes acclaimed as being a film as much as a game due to the lengthy cutscenes and complicated storyline.[107] IGN called it "the founder of the stealth genre".[108]

text: The game is often considered one of the best games for the PlayStation, and was featured in best video games lists by Computer and Video Games in 2000,[109] by Electronic Gaming Monthly[110] and Game Informer in 2001,[111] by Retro Gamer in 2004,[112] by GameFAQs[113] and GamePro in 2005,[114] and by Famitsu.[115]

text: In 2002, IGN ranked it as the best PlayStation game ever, stating that just the demo for the game had "more gameplay [in it] than in most finished titles." IGN also gave it the "Best Ending" and "Best Villain" awards.[116] In 2005, in placing it 19th on their list of "Top 100 Games", they said that it was "a game that truly felt like a movie."[108][117] Guinness World Records awarded Metal Gear Solid with a record for the "Most Innovative Use of a Video Game Controller" for the boss fight with Psycho Mantis in the Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2008 edition.[118] In 2010, PC Magazine ranked it as seventh in the list of most influential video games of all time, citing its influence on "such stealthy titles as Assassin's Creed and Splinter Cell."[119] In 2012, Time named it one of the 100 greatest video games of all time[120] and G4tv ranked it as the 45th top video game of all time.[121]

text: According to 1UP.com, Metal Gear Solid's cinematic style continues to influence modern action games such as Call of Duty.[122] Metal Gear Solid, along with its sequel, Metal Gear Solid 2, was featured in the Smithsonian American Art Museum's exhibition The Art of Video Games in 2012.[123] During August 2015, Eurogamer, reanalyzed the game's technical and overall impact and claimed that Metal Gear Solid has been nothing less than "the first modern video game".[124] In September 2015, Metal Gear Solid was voted the best original PlayStation game of all time by PlayStation.Blog's users.[125]

text: Sales

text: The game was a commercial success, shipping over six million copies worldwide.[9] It became one of the most rented games[126] and topped sales charts in the United Kingdom.[127] Despite its high success even in sales, Kojima, during an interview with Geoff Keighley in 2014, revealed that Metal Gear Solid sales expectations were low and said: «Neither I nor anyone else expected Metal Gear Solid to sell at all. [...] I didn't think at all of how to make this game sell well, because I didn't expect it to sell».[128]

text: Notes

text:
Jump up ^ Known in Japan as Metaru Gia Soriddo (メタルギアソリッド, "Metal Gear Solid")
Jump up ^ Snake escapes with Meryl or Otacon depending on whether the player submitted to Ocelot's torture.
Jump up ^ メタルギアソリッド インテグラル (Metaru Gia Soriddo: Integuraru) in Japanese.


document_title: Woodwind section

question_text: where does the oboe sit in the orchestra

root

text: Woodwind section

text: Orchestra[edit]

text: The woodwind section of the late 19th-century symphony orchestra (for instance, in compositions by Wagner, Brahms, Bruckner, Tchaikovsky, and Richard Strauss) typically includes: flutes (sometimes with one doubling piccolo)[vague], oboes[vague] (sometimes with one doubling cor anglais), clarinets[vague] (sometimes with one doubling bass clarinet and/or another doubling E-flat clarinet), bassoons[vague] (sometimes with one doubling contrabassoon).[1] The section might also on occasion be supplemented with saxophones.[1] In the early part of the 20th century the woodwinds (as well as other sections) were often considerably expanded. For example, Mahler in his Symphony No. 8 (1910) employs 2 piccolos, 4 flutes, 4 oboes, cor anglais, 2 E-flat clarinets, 3 B-flat clarinets, bass clarinet, 4 bassoons, and contrabassoon.[1] After World War I, the number of instruments was often reduced, approaching the size of a chamber orchestra, with individual instrument combinations differing for each composition. The change can be illustrated by comparing two works by Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring (1911–1913) with a large woodwinds section similar to the above and his Histoire du soldat (1918), which only utilizes one clarinet and one bassoon.[1]

tag: p

text: The woodwind section of the orchestra today, at a minimum consists of:

text:
Two flutes
Two oboes
Two clarinets
Two bassoons

tag: ul

text: For early classical music, the clarinets and/or flutes may be omitted. The principal oboist is traditionally the section leader. The evolution of this section can be seen over Mozart's Symphonies. His earlier symphonies required only the oboes, while his later symphonies required the entire above listing. When emulating the classical style, Sergei Prokofiev used the above combination in his First Symphony.

text: The woodwind section of the orchestra may also include:

text:
Piccolo (often played by the second or third flute)
Alto flute (often played by a flute player)
Bass flute (often played by a flute player)
Oboe d'amore (usually played by an oboist)
Cor anglais or English horn (sometimes played by an oboist but commonly by a specialist cor anglais player)
Bass oboe or Heckelphone (usually played by an oboist)
E-flat clarinet (often played by a clarinet player)
Basset horn (often played by a clarinet player)
Bass clarinet (often played by a clarinet player)
Contrabassoon or double bassoon (often played by a bassoon player)
Soprano saxophone
Alto saxophone
Tenor saxophone
Baritone saxophone

text: Concert band[edit]

text: The woodwind section of the concert band is generally much larger than the woodwind section of the orchestra. Also, the concert band generally has a larger variety of woodwind instruments than the orchestra.

text: The woodwind section of the concert band commonly contains, in normal score order[citation needed]:

text:
Piccolo(s)
Flutes
Oboes
Bassoons
B♭ clarinets
Bass clarinet(s)
Alto saxophones
Tenor saxophone(s)
Baritone saxophone(s)

text: Other woodwinds that are used in the concert band, but not as frequently as the ones listed above, in normal score order[citation needed]:

text:
Cor anglais (usually played by an oboist)
Contrabassoon (usually played by a bassoonist)
E♭ clarinet (usually played by a B♭ clarinetist)
Alto clarinet (usually played by a B♭ clarinetist)
Contra-alto clarinet or contrabass clarinet (usually played by a bass clarinetist)
Soprano saxophone (usually played by the principle alto saxophonist)

text: Woodwinds that are sometimes, but very rarely, used in the concert band:

text:
Alto flute
Bass flute
Basset horn
Bass saxophone

text: Woodwind choir[edit]

text: A woodwind choir, also called woodwind orchestra, or woodwind ensemble is a performing ensemble consisting exclusively of members of the woodwind family of instruments. It typically includes flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons and saxophones, all of varying sizes. The woodwind orchestra has a small repertoire of original music written especially for the ensemble and arrangements of orchestral compositions, light music, and popular tunes.

text: Twisted Skyscape, a recording of the woodwind choir was made with the Czech Philharmonic Wind Ensemble, conducted by Shea Lolin in 2014.[full citation needed]

text: History of the woodwind choir[edit]

text: Civic wind groups in the United Kingdom can be traced back to medieval times. The father of English literature Geoffrey Chaucer wrote in his poem House of Fame:

text: "Then I saw standing behind them, far away and all by themselves, many scores of thousands, who made loud minstrelsy with bagpipes and shawms and many other kinds of pipes, and skilfully played both them of clear and them of reedy sound, such as be played at feasts with the roast-meat, and many a flute and lilting-horn and pipes make of green stalks, such as these little shepherd-lads have who watch over beasts in the broom."

text: Wind music flourished in the courts of Europe. Henry VIII celebrated his coronation in 1509, which included three days of entertainment, with performances from several wind groups. In 1749 Handel's Music for the Royal Fireworks was performed as a piece for winds after King George II ordered Handel to remove the string parts.[citation needed]

text: Harmoniemusik played an equally important role in the eighteenth century for open-air and important social occasions. Together with the string quartet, the ensemble and genre most typifies the Classical era. In 1782, Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, founded his Imperial Wind Ensemble in Vienna. Harmoniemusik had an important influence on the development of the symphony orchestra. Mozart and Beethoven became more daring in the way they wrote for the wind sections in their symphonic works. Anton Reicha and Franz Danzi were two pioneering composers of the wind quintet but by the end of the nineteenth century, interest in this ensemble began to fade.[citation needed]

text: It was around this time that the concert band became an important vehicle for composers to advertise their operas and orchestral works. Rossini, Liszt and Wagner appointed bandmasters to arrange their works to be performed to the masses at bandstand events. Holst, Vaughan Williams and Grainger began writing original works for the concert band at the turn of the twentieth century. These works were the seeds which grew into the now extensive body of repertoire which exists for the medium. Further into the twentieth century came a renewed interest in the wind quintet. Many leading contemporary composers have produced wind quintets which have become standard chamber repertoire.[citation needed]

text: Much has been done to promote wind music through organisations, institutions, music retailers and passionate individuals but this would fall largely into the concert band genre. Indeed it is the development of the concert band which procured an environment whereby music for the woodwind section was required.[citation needed]

text: Original music for woodwind choir[edit]

text:
Ernest Bloch (1880–1959) Prelude and March (for woodwind choir)
Alan Bullard (born 1947) Journey Through Time (2010)
Gary Carpenter Pantomime (2005)
Martin Ellerby (born 1957) Sinfonia Aqua (2015)
Adam Gorb (born 1958) Battle Symphony, Op.26 (1997)
Adam Gorb (born 1958) Suite for Winds (1995)
Patrick Glenn Harper (born 1977) Excursion for Woodwind Ensemble (2006)
Christopher Hussey (born 1974) Dreamtide (2012)
Christopher Hussey (born 1974) Twisted Skyscape (2008)
Shea Lolin (born 1983) Lux Aeterna (2014)
Hamilton G. McLean Promenade for Woodwind Choir
Philip Sparke (born 1951) Overture for Woodwinds (1999)
Josef Tal (1910-2008) Wind Quintet (1966)
Jeffery Wilson (born 1957) Postcards: Play, Sing, Dance (2012)
Ruth Young The Zoo Keeper (2006)


document_title: Kuzey Güney

question_text: number of episode in kuzey guney season 2

text: Kuzey Güney

text: Plot[edit]

text: Kuzey Güney is a story of two brothers who fall for the same girl. Kuzey is bold, fearless, and spontaneous. Güney is the exact opposite of Kuzey. He's calm, patient, doesn't act without thinking, and is great in school. The only thing this brothers have in common is their love for Cemre. Cemre is a girl who moved recently to their neighborhood. Kuzey falls in love with Cemre but he didn't know that Güney and Cemre are in love with each other. When Güney and Cemre get together and they are kissing each other, Kuzey is left devastated. A car accident, involving the brothers, takes place where a man is killed. Although Güney was driving the car, Kuzey takes the blame because he didn't want his brother who is a good student go to jail. Kuzey goes to prison for 4 years.

text: The series starts 4 years later, where Kuzey has been released from prison and comes back to his family and life again. But he soon understands that nothing will be the same as the good old times.

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
40
September 7, 2011 (2011-09-07)
June 20, 2012 (2012-06-20)

2
40
September 12, 2012 (2012-09-12)
June 26, 2013 (2013-06-26)

text:
Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ as Kuzey Tekinoğlu
Buğra Gülsoy as Güney Tekinoğlu
Öykü Karayel as Cemre Çayak
Bade İşçil as Banu Sinaner, Atilla Sinaner's daughter
Mustafa Avkıran as 'Sami' Tekinoğlu, baker, father of Kuzey and Güney
Semra Dinçer as Handan Tekinoğlu, Kuzey and Güney's mother, Sami's wife
Zerrin Tekindor as Gülten Çayak, hairdresser, Cemre's mother
Ünal Silver as Atilla Sinaner, a rich businessman, father of Banu, Güney's boss
Rıza Kocaoğlu as Ali Güntan, Bazaar merchant, Kuzey's best friend.
Çağdaş Onur Öztürk as Barış Hakmen, Banu's half brother
Göksen Ateş as Venüs Tezerel, Barış's girlfriend
Hazar Ergüçlü as Simay Canaş
Turgay Kantürk as Ferhat, Kuzey's worst enemy, a man his father hired via a prison guard to protect him while he was in prison
Merve Boluğur as Zeynep, daughter of a photographic studio owner, childhood friend of Cemre, a fashion designer back from Italy.
Hale Soygazi as Ebru, Banu and Barış's mother
Serhat Teoman as Burak Çatalcalı
Kaan Tasaner as Şeref, a police detective.

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Winner
Presenter

2011
The best series of the year
Kuzey Güney
Galatasaray University

2011
The best TV series actor
Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ
Galatasaray University

2011
The most-loved TV series actor
Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ
Yildiz Technical University

2012
The best series theme music
Kuzey Güney / Toygar Işıklı
Istanbul Kültür University

2012
The best series of the year
Kuzey Güney
İzmir University of Economics

2012
The best TV series actor
Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ
Golden Butterfly Awards

2012
The best TV series actor
Buğra Gülsoy
Darüşşafaka Association

2012
Altin Kelebek best actor
Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ
Altin Kelebek

2012
The best series theme music
Kuzey Güney / Toygar Işıklı
Turkish Student Council

2012
The best drama series actor
Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ
Golden Objective Awards

2012
Best Actress in a Supporting Role - Drama
Zerrin Tekindor
4th Antalya Tv Awards

2013
Best Series Awards
Kuzey Güney
Istanbul Kültür University

2013
En İyi Yardımcı Kadın Oyuncu
Zerrin Tekindor
TelevizyonDizisi.com En İyiler Ödülleri

2013
Iyi Dizi Müziği
Kuzey Güney /Toygar Işıklı
Türkiye Öğrenci Konseyi-Yarinin Liderleri

2013
Best Actor Award
Kıvanç Tatlıtuğ
Yeditepe University

2013
En İyi Senaryo( Kuzey Guney)
Ece Yorenc - Melek Gencoglu
Altin Kelebek


document_title: Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan

question_text: list of caretaker prime minister of pakistan 2018

text: Caretaker Prime Minister of Pakistan

text: Federal Law and Constitution[edit]

text: Following the dissolution of the National Assembly, whether it is dissolved by the completion of its term or by an early dissolution, the President shall appoint a caretaker government. However, this must be done with the consulation of the Prime Minister and the Leader of the Opposition, who should reach a consensus on whom to choose as Caretaker PM.[1] If this consensus is not reached, the President is free to choose a Caretaker Prime Minister of his choice, although this is usually done in consultation with the Election Commission of Pakistan.[4]

text: Caretaker Prime Ministers of Pakistan[edit]

text:
List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan
hide

No.

Portrait

Name(Birth–death)

Took office

Left office

Tenure

Elections

Political party(Alliance)

Note(s)

1st Caretaker

Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi[5](1931–2009)

6 August 1990

6 November 1990

3 Months

—

National Peoples Party

Jatoi was appointed by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan as a caretaker Prime Minister.[6]

2nd Caretaker

Balakh Sher Mazari[6](1928–)

18 April 1993

26 May 1993

1 Month,8 Days

—

Pakistan People's Party

Appointed by the President Khan as a caretaker Prime Minister, Mazari's term ended when the Supreme Court overturned the Presidential order and restored Sharif's government.[6]

3rd Caretaker

Moeenuddin Ahmad Qureshi[6](1930–2016)

18 July 1993

19 October 1993

3 Months,1 Day

—

Independent

After Sharif's resignation in July 1993, Qureshi was appointed as the caretaker Prime Minister.

4th Caretaker

Malik Meraj Khalid[7](1916–2003)

5 November 1996

17 February 1997

3 Months,12 Days

—

Independent

Khalid was appointed as a caretaker Prime Minister after the dismissal of Bhutto's government in November 1996.[6]

5th Caretaker

Muhammad Mian Soomro[8](1950–)

16 November 2007

24 March 2008

4 Months,8 Days

—

Pakistan Muslim League (Q)

Soomro took the office as caretaker Prime Minister in November 2007.[8]

6th Caretaker

Mir Hazar Khan Khoso[9](1929–)

25 March 2013

5 June 2013

2 Months,11 Days

—

Independent

Khoso was appointed by the Election Commission of Pakistan on 24 March,[10] and took the oath of office on 25 March 2013.[11]

7th Caretaker[12]

Nasirul Mulk(1950–)

1 June 2018

18 August 2018

2 Months,18 Days

—

Independent

Nasirul Mulk was appointed by a consensus between Prime Minister Shahid Khaqan Abbasi and opposition leader Syed Khurshid Ahmed Shah on 28 May. He took the oath of office on 1 June 2018.[13]