document_title: Fifty Shades of Grey (film)

question_text: 50 shades of grey where was it filmed

question_tokens: 50 shades of grey where was it filmed

text: Fifty Shades of Grey (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Twenty-one-year-old Anastasia "Ana" Steele (Dakota Johnson) is an English literature major at Washington State University ("WSU")'s satellite campus near Vancouver, Washington. When her roommate, Kate Kavanagh (Eloise Mumford), becomes ill and is unable to interview Christian Grey (Jamie Dornan), a 27-year-old billionaire entrepreneur, for the college newspaper, Ana agrees to go in her place. At Christian's Seattle headquarters, Ana stumbles her way through the meeting. Christian, who is that year's WSU commencement speaker, takes an interest in her; soon after, he visits the hardware store where Ana works. He agrees to Ana's request for a photo shoot to accompany the article.

text: Christian invites Ana for coffee, but he leaves abruptly, saying he is not the man for her. Christian later sends Ana first edition copies of two Thomas Hardy novels, including Tess of the d'Urbervilles, as a gift.

text: Ana and her friends celebrate graduation at a local bar. After drinking too much, Ana spontaneously calls Christian, saying she is returning the books and berates his behavior towards her. Christian goes to the bar and finds Ana, who passes out. She wakes up the next morning in Christian's hotel room, relieved they were not intimate.

text: Ana and Christian begin seeing each other, though he insists that she sign a non-disclosure agreement preventing her from revealing details about their dalliance. Christian explains that he only has interrelations involving bondage that is clearly defined in a signed contract. Ana reveals that she is a virgin. While considering the agreement and negotiating her own terms, and after visiting his "playroom", a room stocked with a variety of BDSM toys, furniture, and gear, she and Christian have sex.

text: Christian bestows Ana with gifts and favors, such as a new car and laptop computer. After Ana and Kate move to Seattle, Ana continues seeing Christian. During dinner at Christian's parents, Ana suddenly mentions she is leaving the next day to visit her mother in Georgia. Later, Christian becomes frustrated when Ana expresses she wants more than the one-sided relationship he proposes. She is shocked when Christian unexpectedly arrives in Georgia, but he leaves soon afterward, to tend to an emergency in Seattle.

text: After returning home, Ana continues seeing Christian, who wants further sexual experimentation. Ana initially consents, but Christian keeps emotionally distant, upsetting her. While still considering the contract, and in an effort to understand Christian psychologically, Ana asks him to demonstrate how he would "punish" her for rule breaking. Christian whips Ana's buttocks six times with a belt. Upset and disgusted, Ana leaves Christian after concluding that his practices border on being deviant and excessive.

text: In an alternative ending, both Ana and Christian experience flashbacks. Christian jogs in the rain, while Ana sobs in her apartment. Christian encounters a gift Ana gave him with the note: "This reminded me of a happy time. —Ana".[5]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Dakota Johnson as Anastasia 'Ana' Steele / , a 21-year-old English Literature student attending Washington State University.
Jamie Dornan as Christian Grey , a 27-year-old billionaire, entrepreneur, and CEO of Grey Enterprises Holdings Inc.
Eloise Mumford as Katherine "Kate" Kavanagh,[6] Anastasia's best friend/roommate who begins a relationship with Christian's older brother, Elliot Grey.
Jennifer Ehle as Carla Wilks ,[7] Anastasia's mother.
Marcia Gay Harden as Dr. Grace Trevelyan-Grey ,[8] Christian's adoptive mother.
Victor Rasuk as Jose Rodriguez ,[9] one of Anastasia's close friends.
Luke Grimes as Elliot Grey ,[10] Christian's adopted older brother.
Rita Ora as Mia Grey ,[11] Christian's adopted younger sister.
Max Martini as Jason Taylor,[12] Christian's bodyguard and head of his security.
Callum Keith Rennie as Ray Steele , Anastasia's father.[13]
Andrew Airlie as Carrick Grey , Christian's adoptive father.
Dylan Neal as Bob Adams ,[14] Anastasia's stepfather.
Anthony Konechny as Paul Clayton, the brother of the owner of Clayton's Hardware Store.
Emily Fonda as Martina
Rachel Skarsten as Andrea,[15] Christian's assistant

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: By early 2013, several Hollywood studios were keen to obtain film rights to The New York Times bestselling Fifty Shades trilogy of novels.[16] Warner Bros., Sony, Paramount, Universal, and Mark Wahlberg's production company submitted bids for the film rights.[17][18] Universal Pictures and Focus Features secured the rights to the trilogy in March 2013.[4] Author James sought to retain some control during the movie's creative process.[19] James chose The Social Network producers Michael De Luca and Dana Brunetti to produce the film.[3][20]

text: Although American Psycho writer Bret Easton Ellis publicly expressed his desire to write the screenplay for Fifty Shades of Grey,[21] Kelly Marcel, screenwriter of Saving Mr. Banks, was hired for the job.[22] Patrick Marber was brought in by Taylor-Wood to polish the screenplay, specifically to do some "character work".[23] Universal hired Mark Bomback for script doctoring.[24] Mark Bridges served as the costume designer.[25] Entertainment Weekly estimated the film's budget as "$40 million-or-so".[26]

text: Direction[edit]

text: By May 9, 2013, the studio was considering Joe Wright to direct,[27] but this proved unworkable due to Wright's schedule.[28] Other directors who had been under consideration included Patty Jenkins, Bill Condon, Bennett Miller, and Steven Soderbergh.[29] In June 2013, E. L. James announced Sam Taylor-Johnson would direct the film adaptation.[30] Johnson was paid over $2 million for directing the film.[31]

text: 9½ Weeks, Last Tango in Paris, and Blue Is the Warmest Colour were all cited by Taylor-Johnson as inspirations for the film.[32]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Bret Easton Ellis stated that Robert Pattinson had been James' first choice for the role of Christian Grey,[33] but James felt that casting Pattinson and his Twilight co-star Kristen Stewart in the film would be "weird".[34] Ian Somerhalder and Chace Crawford both expressed interest in the role of Christian.[35][36] Somerhalder later admitted if he had been considered, the filming process would ultimately have conflicted with his shooting schedule for The CW's series The Vampire Diaries.[37] On September 2, 2013, James revealed that Charlie Hunnam and Dakota Johnson had Even cast as Christian Grey and Anastasia Steele, respectively.[38] The short list of other actresses considered for the role of Anastasia included Alicia Vikander, Imogen Poots, Elizabeth Olsen, Shailene Woodley, and Felicity Jones.[39] Keeley Hazell auditioned for an unspecified role.[40] Lucy Hale also auditioned for the film.[41] Emilia Clarke was also offered the role of Anastasia but turned down the part because of the nudity required.[42] Taylor-Johnson would give every actress who auditioned for the role of Anastasia four pages to read of a monologue from Ingmar Bergman's Persona.[32]

text: The studio originally wanted Ryan Gosling for Christian, but he was not interested in the role.[39] Garrett Hedlund was also considered, but he could not connect with the character.[39] Stephen Amell said he would not have wanted to play the role of Grey because "I actually didn't find him to be that interesting... nothing about Christian Grey really spoke to me."[43] Hunnam initially turned down the role of Christian but later reconsidered it, following a meeting with studio heads.[44] Hunnam said of the audition process: "I felt really intrigued and excited about it so I went and read the first book to get a clearer idea of who this character was, and I felt even more excited at the prospect of bringing him to life. We [Taylor-Johnson and I] kind of both suggested I do a reading with Dakota, who was her favorite, and as soon as we got in the room and I started reading with Dakota I knew that I definitely wanted to do it. There's just like a tangible chemistry between us. It felt exciting and fun and weird and compelling."[45] In response to the negative fan reaction the casting drew, producer Dana Brunetti said: "There is a lot that goes into casting that isn't just looks. Talent, availability, their desire to do it, chemistry with other actor, etc. So if your favorite wasn't cast, then it is most likely due to something on that list. Keep that in mind while hating and keep perspective."[46]

text: During October 2013, actress Jennifer Ehle was in talks for the role of Anastasia's mother Carla.[7] On October 12, 2013, Universal Pictures announced that Hunnam had exited the film due to conflicts with the schedule of his FX series Sons of Anarchy.[47] Alexander Skarsgård, Jamie Dornan, Theo James, François Arnaud, Scott Eastwood, Luke Bracey, and Billy Magnussen were at the top of the list to replace Hunnam as Christian Grey.[48][49] Finally, on October 23, 2013, Dornan was cast as Christian Grey.[50] On October 31, 2013, Victor Rasuk was cast as José Rodriguez, Jr.[9] On November 22, 2013, Eloise Mumford was cast as Kate Kavanagh.[6] On December 2, 2013, singer Rita Ora was cast as Christian's younger sister Mia.[51] Ora originally wanted to work on the soundtrack.[52] On December 3, 2013, Marcia Gay Harden was cast as Christian's mother, Grace.[8]

text: Filming[edit]

text: In September, filming was scheduled to start on November 5, 2013, in Vancouver, British Columbia.[53] The following month, producer Michael De Luca announced filming would begin on November 13, 2013.[54]

text: Principal photography was again delayed and eventually started on December 1, 2013.[55] Scenes were filmed in the Gastown district of Vancouver.[56] Bentall 5 was used as the Grey Enterprises building.[57][58]

text: The University of British Columbia serves as Washington State University Vancouver, from which Ana graduates.[59] The Fairmont Hotel Vancouver was used as the Heathman Hotel.[60][61]

text: The film was also shot at the North Shore Studios.[62] The production officially ended on February 21, 2014.[63] Reshoots involving scenes between Dornan and Johnson took place in Vancouver during the week of October 13, 2014.[64] The film was shot under the working title "The Adventures of Max and Banks."[65]

text: Music[edit]

text: James said that the film's soundtrack would be released on February 10, 2015.[66][67] The first single, "Earned It", by The Weeknd, was released on December 24, 2014.[68] On January 7, 2015, the second single, "Love Me like You Do" by Ellie Goulding was released, later reaching the top three on the Billboard Hot 100, and becoming a hit for the soundtrack.[69] A promotional single, "Salted Wound" by Australian recording artist Sia, was released on January 27, 2015.[70] To date, the soundtrack has sold 516,000 copies in the United States.[71]

text: Release[edit]

text: In February 2013, Universal chairman Adam Fogelson said the film "could be ready to release ... as early as next summer."[72] The studio initially announced an August 1, 2014, release.[73] However, in November 2013, it was pushed back to February 13, 2015, in time for Valentine's Day.[74] Fifty Shades of Grey was first screened at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival on February 11, 2015.[75] The film was released in 75 IMAX screens across the US on February 13, 2015.[76][77]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On January 25, 2014, more than a year prior to release, Universal displayed posters with the phrase, "Mr. Grey will see you now", in five locations across the United States.[78] On February 14, 2014, the first photograph of Johnson as Anastasia was released.[79] On June 18, 2014, the film's official Twitter account released the first still of Dornan as Christian in honor of Christian's birthday.[80]

text: On July 9, 2014, the book's author, E. L. James, said on Twitter that the film's trailer would be released on July 24, 2014.[81] Beyoncé debuted a teaser for the trailer on her Instagram account five days before the trailer's release.[82] On July 24, Dornan and Johnson were on The Today Show to present part of the trailer appropriate for morning television; the full trailer, which contained more racy scenes, was released later the same day on the internet (200 days before its initial theatrical release). The trailer featured a new version of "Crazy in Love" by Beyoncé, which was scored and arranged by her frequent collaborator Boots.[83][84][85][86] The trailer was viewed 36.4 million times in the week after its July 24 release. This made it the most viewed trailer on YouTube in 2014, until it was surpassed in October by the trailer for Avengers: Age of Ultron.[87] However, in mid-December the trailer reached 93 million views and was again the most viewed of 2014.[88] The trailer accumulated over 100 million views in its first week of release through different channels and websites, becoming the biggest trailer ever released in history.[89] By February 2015, the trailer had been viewed more than 193 million times on YouTube alone.[90] And by late February, Fifty Shades of Grey related material garnered over 329 million views including 113 million views for its official trailer.[86] A second trailer was released on November 13, 2014.[91] A third trailer aired during Super Bowl XLIX, on February 1, 2015.[92]

text: The film was promoted through an ad campaign that asked people whether they were "curious".[93] Nick Carpou, Universal's president of domestic distribution, said: "Our campaign gave people permission to see the film."[94] "Valentines is a big deal for couples and a great relationship event, and the date with the long Presidents Day weekend created a perfect storm for us. This date positioned us to take full advantage of the romance angle, which is how we sold the film in our marketing campaign," he said.[95]

text: Rating and censorship[edit]

text: There was initial speculation that the film could receive an NC-17 rating in the United States. Studios typically steer away from the adults-only rating due to the impact the classification has on a film's commercial viability, with some theater chains refusing to exhibit NC-17 rated films. While screenwriter Marcel said she expected the film to be NC-17 rated,[96] producer De Luca anticipated the less restrictive R rating.[97] On January 5, 2015, the MPAA did give the film an R rating, basing its decision on "strong sexual content including dialogue, some unusual behavior and graphic nudity, and language."[98]

text: On January 30, in Australia, the film was rated MA15+ by the ACB for "strong sex scenes, sexual themes and nudity".[99] On February 2, 2015, the British BBFC classified the film an 18 certificate, mentioning "strong sex".[1] In Canada, Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, and British Columbia, the film was rated at 18A by the OFRB, MFCB, AFR, and BCFCO respectively due to its "occasional upsetting or disturbing scenes, and partial or full nudity in a brief sexual situation."[100][101] In Quebec, the Régie du cinéma rated the movie under the 16+ category for its eroticism.[102] In France, the film earned a 12 rating.[103] In Lebanon, the film earned an NC-21 rating.[104] In Argentina, the Advisory Commission of Cinematographic Exhibition (the rating arm of the INCAA) rated the film SAM16/R.[105]

text: Anti-pornography watchdog group Morality in Media argued that the film's R rating "severely undermines the violent themes in the film and does not adequately inform parents and patrons of the film's content", and that the MPAA was encouraging sexual violence by letting the film by without an NC-17 rating.[106][107]

text: The film was scheduled for a February 12, 2015, release in Malaysia, but it was denied a certificate by the Malaysian Film Censorship Board (LPF) for its "unnatural" and "sadistic" content. The LPF chairman, Abdul Halim Abdul Hamid, said Fifty Shades was "more pornography than a movie."[108][109] The film was also banned in Indonesia,[110] Kenya,[110] Russia's North Caucasus,[111] the United Arab Emirates (UAE),[112] Papua New Guinea,[113] Cambodia,[114] and India.[115] The film was released in Nigeria for a week, before being removed from cinemas by the National Film and Video Censors Board (NFVCB).[116] Studios will not pursue a theatrical release in China.[110]

text: The film's sex scenes were censored after protests from various religious groups in the Philippines, and as a result it is in limited release in that country with an R-18 rating from the MTRCB.[109] A similarly cut version was released in Zimbabwe.[117]

text: Roughly 20 minutes were cut from the film for screening in Vietnam, leaving no sex scenes. The scene in which Ana is beaten with a belt is skipped entirely.[118]

text: Opposition campaign[edit]

text: On January 28, 2015, a campaign in the United States by the National Center on Sexual Exploitation started two petitions to boycott the film's release. Their website makes more than 50 allegations that the film has a negative impact on the community. It said, "Hollywood is advertising the Fifty Shades story as an erotic love affair, but it is really about sexual abuse and violence against women. The porn industry has poised men and women to receive the message that sexual violence is enjoyable. Fifty Shades models this porn message and Hollywood cashes the check."[119] By February 7, one of the petitions had garnered more than 53,000 signatures.[120]

text: On February 2, in Michigan, a man petitioned to halt the film's release at a local Celebration! Cinema. Despite the man's efforts, the president of the cinemas declined to cancel the release of the film. He said, "We've been in business for 70 years and people often times object to content, and it's not our job to censor the content of a widespread movie. It's not in our best interest. It's not in the community's best interest." The film sold 3,000 tickets before the release and was expected to sell a total of 10,000 tickets.[121][122]

text: The American Family Association called for theaters not to show the film: "The irony is not lost that the film's main character is named, 'Christian,' while this film presents anything but a 'Christian' view of intimacy... It is the epitome of elevating abuse, and we call on all theaters to reject promoting such abuse on their screens."[123]

text: Thomas Williams of the Notre Dame Center for Ethics and Culture commented on the release of the film in the United States on Saint Valentine's Day, stating "The irony of Universal Pictures’ decision to release its bondage-erotica film Fifty Shades of Grey on the day dedicated to honoring a Christian martyr has not gone unnoticed to many observers, who seem to find the choice unclassy at best."[124]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Fifty Shades of Grey was released via DVD and Blu-ray on May 8, 2015. The Blu-ray edition features an unrated cut of the film;[125] the version includes an additional three minutes of footage, the bulk of which are in the form of an alternate ending.

text: Upon its release on home media in the U.S., the film topped both the Nielsen VideoScan First Alert chart, which tracks combined Blu-ray Disc and DVD sales, as well as the Blu-ray Disc sales chart for two consecutive weeks up to the week ending May 17, 2015.[126]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Fifty Shades of Grey grossed $166.2 million in North America and $404.8 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $571 million, against a budget of $40 million.[2] It is the fourth-highest-grossing film directed by a woman (behind Kung Fu Panda 2, Wonder Woman and Mamma Mia!),[127] and the fourth-highest-grossing R-rated film of all-time.[128] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $256.55 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film.[129]

text: Tickets went on sale in the United States from January 11, 2015.[90] According to ticket-selling site Fandango, Fifty Shades of Grey is the fastest selling R-rated title in the site's 15-year history, surpassing Sex and the City 2.[130] It also had the biggest first week of ticket sales on Fandango for a non-sequel film, surpassing 2012's The Hunger Games.[130][131] It is fourth overall on Fandango's list of top advance ticket sales behind The Twilight Saga: New Moon, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, and The Hunger Games.[132] The demand prompted US theatre owners to add new showtimes.[130][133] Weeks before the film's release, several box office analysts suggested as much as a $60 million domestic four-day opening[90][134][135][136][137] while Box Office Mojo reported that a $100 million opening could be possible.[138]

text: Outside the United States, Fifty Shades of Grey pre-sold 4.5 million tickets in 39 markets.[139] In the UK, it sold £1.3 million ($1.9 million) worth of tickets a week before release.[140] On release, it set several records at the box office, including:

text:
Box office record
Record details
Previous record holder
Previous record holder details
Ref(s)

February opening weekend
$85,171,450
The Passion of the Christ
(2004, $83.8 million)
[141]

President's Day 4-Day opening weekend for any film
$93,010,350
Valentine's Day
(2010, $63.1 million)
[142]

President's Day 4-Day weekend for any film
$93,010,350
Valentine's Day
(2010, $63.1 million)
[142]

Widest R-rated opening
3,646 theaters
The Hangover Part II
(2011, 3,615 theaters)
[143]

Valentine's Day gross
$36,752,460
Valentine's Day
(2010, $23,392,046)
[144][145]

Opening weekend for a female directed film
$85,171,450
Twilight
(2008, $69,637,740)
[146]

Overseas opening weekend for an R-rated film
$156 million
The Matrix Revolutions
(2003, $117 million)
[147]

Highest-grossing Universal's R-rated film overseas
$385.1 million
Ted
(2012, $330 million)
[148]

text: North America[edit]

text: In the U.S. and Canada, it is the highest-grossing sex film,[149] the seventeenth highest-grossing film of 2015,[150] and the fourth-highest-grossing romantic film of all time.[151] It opened in the U.S. and Canada simultaneously with Kingsman: The Secret Service on Thursday, February 12, 2015, across 2,830 theaters[152][153] and was widened to 3,646 theaters the next day making it the widest R-rated opening (surpassed by Mad Max: Fury Road),[154] and the fourth widest R-rated release of all time.[155] It earned $8.6 million from Thursday night previews which is the second highest late-night gross for a film released in February (behind Deadpool) and the third-highest for an R-rated film (behind Deadpool and The Hangover Part II).[152][156] The film topped the box office on its opening day grossing $30.2 million (including Thursday previews) from 3,646 theaters setting a record for highest February opening day (previously held by The Passion of the Christ) and fourth-highest overall among R-rated films.[157][158] During its traditional three-day opening the film opened at No. 1 at the box office earning $85.1 million, setting records for the biggest opening weekend for a film released in February (a record previously held by The Passion of the Christ).[145] Women comprised 82% of the total audiences during its opening day,[159] and 68% on Valentine's Day.[160]

text: Revenue from the second weekend dropped massively by 73.9% to $22.25 million, which is the second-biggest drop for a 3,000+ screen release (only behind Friday the 13th's 80.4% drop) and the biggest for a 3,500+ screen release.[161][162][163] It is just the eighth film to open on more than 3,000 screens to drop by 70% or more.[164] The film topped the box office for two consecutive weekends before falling to No. 4 in its third weekend while Focus took the top spot.[165][166]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Outside the U.S. and Canada, box office analysts were predicting as much as $158 million opening.[167][168][169] It opened Wednesday, February 11, 2015, in 4 countries, earning $3.7 million.[170] It opened in 34 more countries on February 12, earning $28.6 million in two days.[171] The film set opening day records for Universal Pictures in 25 markets and opening day records for an R-rated film in 34 territories.[168][169] Through Sunday, February 15, it earned an opening-weekend total of $156 million from 58 countries from 10,979 screens ($173.6 million through Monday) where it opened at No. 1 in 54 of the 58 countries, marking the biggest overseas opening for an R-rated film, the fourth-biggest of 2015, and Universal's third-biggest overseas opening weekend ever.[147] The film set an all-time opening record in 13 markets, Universal's biggest opening weekend ever in 30 markets and biggest opening for any R-rated film in 31 markets.[147]

text: The biggest opener outside of the United States was witnessed in the UK, Ireland and Malta, where it earned £13.55 million ($20.8 million) in its opening weekend, which is the biggest debut ever for an 18-rated film and the second biggest for a non-sequel film (behind I Am Legend).[172][173] In just 10 days of release it became the highest-grossing 18-rated film of all time.[174] It topped the UK box office for two consecutive weekends.[175] Other high openings include Germany ($14.1 million), France ($12.3 million), Russia ($11 million), Italy ($10.1 million), Spain ($8.7 million), Brazil ($8.3 million), Mexico ($8.1 million), Australia ($8 million).[147] In Japan, the film was unsuccessful opening at No. 5 with $682,000 but falling out of the top 10 the following week.[176][177] The Hollywood Reporter cited out possible reasons for the film's failure, attributing it to the "delayed release of the new Japanese-language editions of the books, poor timing for the film release and an R-15, re-edit blurring out parts of the sex scenes."[178]

text: It topped the box office outside of North America for three consecutive weekends[179] until it was overtaken by Warner Bros.' Jupiter Ascending in its fourth weekend.[180] It became Universal Pictures' highest-grossing R-rated film of all time overseas (breaking Ted's record),[148] Universal Pictures' highest-grossing film in 14 countries,[nb 1] and Universal Pictures' eight-highest-grossing film overseas.[181] In total earnings, its largest markets overseas are the UK, Ireland and Malta ($52.5 million), Germany ($43.7 million), Brazil, ($31.3 million), France ($29.5 million) and Spain ($22.6 million).[182][183][184]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Fifty Shades of Grey was criticized for its acting, writing, and pacing; however, some critics noted it as an improvement over the book and praised the performance of Dakota Johnson. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 25% based on 251 reviews, with an average rating of 4.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "While creatively better endowed than its print counterpart, Fifty Shades of Grey is a less than satisfying experience on the screen."[185] The review aggregator website Metacritic gave the film a score of 46 out of 100, based on 46 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[186] In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale.[187]

text: Claudia Puig of USA Today wrote that "the dialogue is laughable, the pacing is sluggish and the performances are one-note."[188] Moira Macdonald of The Seattle Times wrote: "Fifty Shades of Grey the movie, for the record, is not quite as bad as Fifty Shades of Grey the book. But that's not saying much."[189] We Got This Covered critic Isaac Feldberg gave the film one and a half stars out of five and wrote that it "feels like two, distinct films grappling for dominance over the screen: one a sensual and stylish romance, and the other a numbingly explicit Harlequin bodice-ripper brought to life. Regrettably, the latter and lesser of the two ends up on top.".[190] The Guardian lead film critic Peter Bradshaw gave the film one star out of five, calling it "the most purely tasteful and softcore depiction of sadomasochism in cinema history" with "strictly daytime soap" performances.[191] A.O. Scott of The New York Times called the movie "terrible", but wrote that "it might nonetheless be a movie that feels good to see, whether you squirm or giggle or roll your eyes or just sit still and take your punishment."[192]

text: In a positive review for The Daily Telegraph, Robbie Collin called the film "sexy, funny and self-aware in every way the original book isn't."[193] Elizabeth Weitzman of New York's Daily News praised the directing, screenplay, and Johnson's performance, but called Dornan's performance, the leads' chemistry, and the supporting cast "underused". She praised the film for honoring the essence of its source and the director's way of balancing "atmosphere with action".[194] In The Guardian, Jordan Hoffmann awarded the film three out of five stars, writing, "this big screen adaptation still manages to be about people, and even a little bit sweet", and that the sex scenes "are there to advance the plot, and only the most buttoned-up prude will be scandalised."[195] Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B−, writing: "This perfectly normal way of consuming erotica suggests that the movie Fifty Shades of Grey will work better as home entertainment, when each viewer can race past the blah-blah about how well Christian plays the piano and pause on the fleeting image of the man minus his pants."[196] In The Sydney Morning Herald, Timothy Laurie and Jessica Kean argue that "the film provides a language for decision-making around violence more developed than most Hollywood fodder", and that "film fleshes out an otherwise legalistic concept like 'consent' into a living, breathing, and at times, uncomfortable interpersonal experience. It dramatises the dangers of unequal negotiation and the practical complexity of identifying one's limits and having them respected."[197]

text: Various critics have noted the similarities between Fifty Shades of Grey and Adrian Lyne's 9½ Weeks (1986).[198][199][200] Both films are literary adaptations, centering on a sadomasochistic affair.[201][202]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Awards

Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Ref

Academy Awards
Best Original Song
Belly, Stephan Moccio, Jason Quenneville, and The Weeknd for "Earned It"
Nominated
[203]

Brit Awards
British Single of the Year
Ellie Goulding for "Love Me like You Do"
Nominated

Critics' Choice Awards
Best Song
"Love Me like You Do"
Nominated
[204]

Golden Globe Awards
Best Original Song
Savan Kotecha, Max Martin, Tove Lo, Ali Payami and Ilya Salmanzadeh for "Love Me like You Do"
Nominated
[205]

Golden Raspberry Awards
Worst Picture
Michael De Luca, Dana Brunetti, E. L. James
Won
[206]

Worst Director
Sam Taylor-Johnson
Nominated

Worst Actor
Jamie Dornan
Won

Worst Actress
Dakota Johnson
Won

Worst Screen Combo
Jamie Dornan and Dakota Johnson
Won

Worst Screenplay
Kelly Marcel
Won

Grammy Awards
Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media
Fifty Shades of Grey: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Nominated
[207]

Best Song Written for Visual Media
Savan Kotecha, Max Martin, Tove Lo, Ali Payami and Ilya Salmanzadeh for "Love Me like You Do"
Nominated

Ahmad Balshe, Stephan Moccio, Jason Queenneville and Abel Tesfaye for "Earned It"
Nominated

MTV Movie Awards
Breakthrough Performance
Dakota Johnson
Nominated
[208]

Best Kiss
Jamie Dornan and Dakota Johnson
Nominated

People's Choice Awards
Favorite Dramatic Movie
Fifty Shades of Grey
Nominated
[209]

Satellite Awards
Best Original Song
"Love Me like You Do"
Nominated
[210]

text: Pornographic-adaptation lawsuit[edit]

text: In June 2012, the film company Smash Pictures announced its intent to film a pornographic version of the Fifty Shades trilogy, entitled Fifty Shades of Grey: An XXX Adaptation.[211] A release date of January 10, 2013, was announced.[212] In November 2012, Universal, which had secured the Fifty Shades film rights, filed a lawsuit against Smash Pictures, stating that the film violated its copyright in that it was not filmed as a parody adaptation but "copies without reservation from the unique expressive elements of the Fifty Shades trilogy, progressing through the events of Fifty Shades of Grey and into the second book, Fifty Shades Darker".[213]

text: The lawsuit asked for an injunction, for the profits from all sales of the film, as well as damages,[214] saying that "a quickly and cheaply produced pornographic work [...] is likely to cause Plaintiffs irreparable harm by poisoning public perception of the Fifty Shades Trilogy and the forthcoming Universal films."[215] Smash Pictures responded to the lawsuit by issuing a counterclaim and requesting a continuance, stating that "much or all" of the Fifty Shades material was part of the public domain because it was originally published in various venues as a fan fiction based on the Twilight series. A lawyer for Smash Pictures further commented that the federal copyright registrations for the books were "invalid and unenforceable" and that the film "did not violate copyright or trademark laws".[216] The lawsuit was eventually settled out of court for an undisclosed sum and Smash Pictures agreed to stop any further production or promotion of the film.[217]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: In April 2015, The Hollywood Reporter reported that E. L. James' husband, Niall Leonard, was enlisted to write the script for the film's sequel.[218] In the same month, at the 2015 Universal CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Universal announced the release dates of the sequels, with Fifty Shades Darker being released on February 10, 2017, and Fifty Shades Freed scheduled for February 9, 2018.[219] However, the sequels will not see Sam Taylor-Johnson returning as director.[220] On August 20, 2015, the U.S. House of Cards director James Foley was a frontrunner to direct the sequel.[221] In November 2015, Universal Studios announced that both films will be shot back-to-back.[222]

text: Parody[edit]

text: A spoof version of the film, Fifty Shades of Black, was released on January 29, 2016, in North America. Marlon Wayans and Rick Alvarez wrote the script, in which Wayans stars as Christian Black. The film was distributed by SquareOne Entertainment in Germany and Open Road Films in the United States;[223] IM Global produce and finance it, as well as handling international releases. Kali Hawk parodied the role of Anastasia Steele, with supporting cast including Affion Crockett, Mike Epps, Jane Seymour and Fred Willard.[224] Principal photography began on August 11, 2015, in Los Angeles, with a production budget of around $5 million.[224][225]


document_title: List of Jersey Shore episodes

question_text: what episode does angelina leave in season 2

root

text: List of Jersey Shore episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season

Episodes

Originally aired

First aired

Last aired

1

9

December 3, 2009 (2009-12-03)

January 21, 2010 (2010-01-21)

2

13

July 29, 2010 (2010-07-29)

October 21, 2010 (2010-10-21)

3

13

January 6, 2011 (2011-01-06)

March 24, 2011 (2011-03-24)

4

12

August 4, 2011 (2011-08-04)

October 20, 2011 (2011-10-20)

5

11

January 5, 2012 (2012-01-05)

March 15, 2012 (2012-03-15)

6

13

October 4, 2012 (2012-10-04)

December 20, 2012 (2012-12-20)

tag: table

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2009–10)[edit]

text: For the first quarter of 2010, season 1 of Jersey Shore was the highest-rated original cable series among 12- to 34-year-olds, with a season-high 2.6 rating for the finale.[1] The season also ranked #1 for its time period versus all cable competition among 12- to 34-year-olds.[1] The season finale was MTV's highest-rated original series telecast in almost two years.[1]  Overall, the season averaged 2.7 million viewers.[2] The season featured five special episodes, including a half-hour show titled Jersey Shore: After Hours hosted by Julissa Bermudez which aired occasionally after select episodes featuring cast members discussing the week's episode.

tag: p

text:
No. inseries

No. inseason

Title

Original air date

U.S. Viewers (millions)[3]
11"A New Family"December 3, 2009 (2009-12-03)[a]1.38[4]
Summer at the Jersey Shore kicks off when eight soon-to-be roommates move into their summer share. Romance heats up between Sammi and Mike, but all might be lost when the guys invite three random girls to join them in the hot tub. Meanwhile, Snooki comes on way too strong, and finds herself the outcast. She can only hope that first impressisons won't be lasting impressions.
22"The Tanned Triangle"December 3, 2009 (2009-12-03)[a]1.38[4]
Still feeling like the outcast, Snooki tells the others that she's leaving the Shore. And the roommates' first night out at the club gets flirty, proving that the boyfriends back home might, in fact, have something to worry about. And what started with Mike and Sammi turns into a love triangle that threatens to divide the house.
33"Good Riddance"December 10, 2009 (2009-12-10)2.12[4]
The love triangle gets even more intense when Ronnie catches Sammi giving her number to another guy. And a housemate chooses to leave the Shore for good.

Note:      Angelina voluntarily leaves the house.44"Fade To Black"December 17, 2009 (2009-12-17)2.48[5]
After a night out at the club, Pauly D and Mike have to juggle multiple groups of girls. And mayhem breaks out when a fight erupts at a bar, and one of the housemates goes down.55"Just Another Day at the Shore"January 1, 2010 (2010-01-01)N/A
The roommates rally around Snooki, and the unexpected result of the brutal punch is that it actually brings the house closer. Sam meets Ronnie's parents.66"Boardwalk Blowups"January 7, 2010 (2010-01-07)3.27[6]
When Mike invites girls back to the house, the situation gets out of control, and Snooki gets into her second fight of the summer. Meanwhile, Ronnie gets into a brawl of his own, leaving Sammi questioning their relationship.77"What Happens in AC"January 14, 2010 (2010-01-14)[b]3.60[7]
The roommates head to Atlantic City where fun turns to fury when Mike manages to antagonize both Snooki and J-WOWW. One roommate reveals that she used to have an eating disorder.88"One Shot"January 14, 2010 (2010-01-14)[b]3.60[7]
The summer's winding down, but the drama doesn't stop. Pauly has a stalker and a fight lands another roommate in jail.99"That's How The Shore Goes"January 21, 2010 (2010-01-21)4.83[8]
Ronnie is released from his night in the slammer and the guys comfort Snooki after she has a bad encounter with her ex-boyfriend. The housemates wrap things up at the Shore as summer draws to a close, but not before one final house hot tub hook up.

text: ^[a]  Episodes 1.01 and 1.02 premiered back-to-back.^[b]  Episodes 1.07 and 1.08 aired back-to-back.

text:
Title
Episode Shown After
Host
Original air date

Jersey Shore: After Hours
3
Julissa Bermudez
December 10, 2009 (2009-12-10)

Things get heated when Angelina, Mike and Sammi stop by to discuss all the happenings in this week's episode.[9]

Jersey Shore: After Hours
6
Julissa Bermudez
January 7, 2010 (2010-01-07)

Snooki, Ronnie and The Situation discuss the happenings in this week's episode.[10]

Jersey Shore: Spoof'd
-
Cast
January 16, 2010 (2010-01-16)

A half-hour special titled Jersey Shore: Spoof'd aired on January 16, 2010, featuring the original cast audition tapes and cast commentary highlighting internet and television spoofs that have sprung up as a direct response to the show.[11]

Jersey Shore: Reunion
9
Julissa Bermudez
January 21, 2010 (2010-01-21)

Questions are answered when Snooki, The Situation, J-WOWW, DJ Pauly D, Angelina, Ronnie, Sammi and Vinny return for more fights and insight into what truly happened down at the Jersey Shore.[12]
Viewers: 4.0 million[8]

Jersey Shore: Before The Shore
-
Julissa Bermudez
January 28, 2010 (2010-01-28)

In this special episode watch never-before-seen footage of the cast before they leave for the Jersey Shore house.[13]

text: Season 2 (2010)[edit]

text: On January 29, 2010, MTV announced that a second season of the series consisting of 13 episodes had been ordered and would air in Summer 2010.[14][15][16] MTV announced that the second season would follow all of the first season cast as they "escape the cold northeast and find themselves in a new destination".[14][15] The second season was shot in the South Beach neighborhood of Miami Beach, Florida in April & May 2010. The second season began on July 29, 2010.[17][18] For Season 2, the After Hours specials were expanded to one hour and received Top 15 Weekly Cable ratings. Like season 1, this season featured special episodes titled Jersey Shore: Hook-Up. Like Season 1's episodes, these are hosted by Kenny Santucci from the Real World/Road Rules Challenge: Fresh Meat and shown on MTV.com.

text:
No. inseries

No. inseason

Title

Original air date

U.S. Viewers(millions)
101"Goin' South"July 29, 2010 (2010-07-29)5.25[19]
The Jersey Shore crew is headed to Miami! While The Situation, Pauly D, Snooki and JWoww road trip down the east coast, the rest of the gang hop on planes to fly south for the winter. There, they are shocked by the surprise arrival of former housemate Angelina and the drama picks up right where it left off in Seaside. Ron and Sam are newly single -- or are they? She says she still has feelings for him and wants to rekindle their relationship. But when tensions boil over, she is left at home -- alone and brokenhearted -- while he gets crazy at the club.
112"The Hangover"August 5, 2010 (2010-08-05)5.03[20]
Sammi tries to figure out what Ronnie really did at the club the night before, but no one is saying. And when Angelina interrupts Pauly's game, we see a whole new side of the usually calm Pauly D.
123"Creepin'"August 12, 2010 (2010-08-12)5.51[21]
Angelina swallows her pride and apologizes to the girls. Back at the house, The Situation, Vinny and Pauly D have a close encounter with grenades in the hot tub, while Ronnie continues to creep behind Sammi's back.
134"Breaking Up"August 19, 2010 (2010-08-19)5.50[22]
Ronnie's bad behavior puts Snooki, Angelina and JWoww in a tough spot. Together the girls decide to write an "anonymous" letter to Sammi that reveals the entire truth.
145"The Letter"August 26, 2010 (2010-08-26)5.82[23]
Sammi finds Snooki and Jenni's "anonymous" letter, and this time it's really over with Ronnie -- at least for now. Meanwhile, Mike, Vinny and Pauly ("MVP") have their hands full juggling four girls in one night.
156"Not So Shore"September 2, 2010 (2010-09-02)6.54[24]
The anonymous note causes tension between the girls, culminating in a full-blown cat fight. After spending another night in bed with Vinny, Snooki reveals a not-so-little known fact about her pinkeye-prone cuddle buddy.
167"Sleeping with the Enemy"September 9, 2010 (2010-09-09)6.38[25]
The roommates deal with fallout from the girls' fight; Angelina starts dating Jose, a guy from the club; and Jenni and Snooki don homemade HazMat suits to clean up the Smush Room in preparation for Snooki's hook-up.
178"All in the Family"September 12, 2010 (2010-09-12)[c]5.71[26][d]
When news gets out that Angelina and Vinny hooked up, Mike threatens to tell Jose. Vinny's family comes to visit, and Vinny and Pauly find the girls of their dreams, but one of their hearts will be broken.
189"Dirty Pad"September 23, 2010 (2010-09-23)5.95[27]
Things go south for Angelina when the roommates learn that she slept with Jose after smushing Vinny. Then she gets too close to a guy Snooki hooked up with. But it's the last straw when The Situation discovers more unpleasantness in the bathroom.
1910"Gone, Baby, Gone"September 30, 2010 (2010-09-30)6.72[28]
The Situation reunites with his Canadian hottie, providing entertainment for the whole house. And Angelina tells her roommates how she really feels about them, sending Snooki into a frenzy.

  Note:      Angelina voluntarily leaves the house and the series.
2011"Girls Like That"October 7, 2010 (2010-10-07)5.35[29]
Vinny decides between two sets of girls. Meanwhile, with Angelina gone, Snooki thinks it's time that she and JWoww bury the hatchet with Sammi. But Snooki's happiness is short-lived as The Situation becomes increasingly belligerent with her.
2112"Deja Vu All Over Again"October 14, 2010 (2010-10-14)5.68[30]
Everyone is frustrated with The Situation for being off his game -- he gets the roommates kicked out of a club, gets the car towed, practically burns down the house, and proves to be a failure as a wingman for Pauly D. Twice!
2213"Back Into The Fold"October 21, 2010 (2010-10-21)6.07[31]
Pauly D and Vinny each have a final date with their Miami girls, while Sammi and Ronnie's last supper quickly devolves into a fight. Then JWoww stirs things up between Pauly D and The Situation, leading to a drama-filled final night in the hot tub.

text:
^[c] Aired on a Sunday night at 7 p.m. ET before the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards.[32]
^[d] MTV did not re-air the episode on TV or online after the initial showing until its usual time-slot the following Thursday Sept. 16, 2010. Upon re-airing, the episode received 3.75 million viewers.[33]

text:
Title
Episode Shown After
Host
Original air date

Jersey Shore: After Hours
6
Julissa Bermudez
September 2, 2010 (2010-09-02)

Ronnie, Sammi, Snooki, and JWoww talk about the drama that went down on Episode 6.[34]
Viewers: 4.36 million[35]

Jersey Shore: After Hours
10
Julissa Bermudez
September 30, 2010 (2010-09-30)

Angelina may have left Miami, but that does not mean she's off the hook. Watch her former housemates confront her on 'Jersey shore After Hours'.[36]
Viewers: 4.68 million[37]

Jersey Shore: Reunion
-
Julissa Bermudez
October 28, 2010 (2010-10-28)

The cast of 'Jersey Shore' (except Angelina) is back together to dish the dirt on Miami. From bromances and romances to the infamous note and the fights that followed, the cast tells all.[38]
Viewers: 3.34 million[39]

text: Season 3 (2011)[edit]

text: Season 3 was shot back in Seaside Heights, New Jersey over the summer;[40] filming began on July 25, 2010 and ended on September 4, 2010.[41] On July 20, 2010, MTV announced that the entire cast will return for the third season, with the exception of Angelina Pivarnick.[42] Angelina was replaced by Deena Nicole Cortese, a longtime friend of Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi and a self-described "blast in a glass".[43]

text: Although the season is widely reported and regarded as the third season of the show, MTV refers to it as a continuation of season 2 on their website.[44] Season three premiered on January 6, 2011 to 8.45 million viewers, making it MTV's highest-rated telecast.[45] The second episode of the season once again set a series and MTV high, with 8.56 million viewers,[46] only to set another record with the airing of the fourth episode, which garnered 8.87 million viewers.[47]

text:
No. inseries

No. inseason

Title

Original air date

U.S. Viewers(millions)
231"Back to the Shore"January 6, 2011 (2011-01-06)8.45[45]
New roommate Deena moves into the house and is welcomed by some of the roommates. The house gets off to an interesting start when Snooki confronts Vinny about him and her best friend Ryder and Deena "accidentally" gets naked in front of Mike. Leftover tension from Miami spills over to Seaside Heights when new girl Deena gets into a heated argument with Sammi which leads to a fist fight between Sammi and Jenni ending in a cliffhanger.

Note:      Deena enters the series.242"It's Gonna Be An Interesting Summer"January 13, 2011 (2011-01-13)8.56[46]
The fight between Sammi and JWoww causes additional tension in the house. Ronnie and Sammi continue to isolate themselves, missing the first family dinner, to the surprise and disappointment of all the roommates. Mike lets Ronnie know about the general feeling at the house. Ronnie decides to hang out and have fun with the rest of the house, leaving Sammi feeling all alone and reminiscent of Miami.
253"Where's the Beach?"January 17, 2011 (2011-01-17)[e]7.70[48]
Sammi sets out to make amends with Snooki and Deena. A night in the club turns romantic for Jenni when she runs into an old flame named Roger, who may or may not have a girlfriend. Deena gets kicked out within the first five minutes for being too drunk. Mike meets one of the girls he hooked up with last year named Paula and Pauly's stalker returns and throws a drink at him. The next day Snooki is extremely hung over and has to go to work. After sneaking a couple of drinks she runs off drinking more and more. After a huge crowd appears to watch her creating a scene Snooki is arrested.
264"Free Snooki"January 20, 2011 (2011-01-20)8.87[47]
Snooki is released from jail but faces her father's voice on the phone which is not happy. Jenni continues to meet with Roger and quickly grows feelings for him. Tom continues to call the house and cause problems with Jenni escalating into a heated argument on the phone and a destroyed relationship. Snooki is lifted from her depressed state after she meets Nick who she hooks up with. Deena meets a Ronnie look-alike only to find out that he has a girlfriend. Later, Jenni has to return to her home because Tom left, leaving her dogs at home alone. She and Snooki leave the Shore and reach home within 9 hours to find her dogs safe, but a number of her most important items, including a hard drive, have been stolen.
275"Drunk Punch Love"January 27, 2011 (2011-01-27)8.83[49]
Snooki's friend Ryder stops by for a visit and lucky enough it's her birthday. Snooki and Jenni return to Jersey with Jenni's dogs who are welcomed at the house by everyone. Sammi and Ronnie's relationship continues to strain and after a heated argument after the club, Ronnie throws all her stuff around the room and tells her to leave. Ronnie starts to second guess himself. Jenni comforts him and they bury the hatchet from Miami. Mike brings home a girl, but her friend is wandering down the house so Vinny pulls out the Grenade Whistle to warn Mike. Vinny's girl's family comes to pick her up which makes Vinny uncomfortable. Jenni gives Ronnie a hug which is caught by Sammi. Sammi loses it and thinks she is all alone in the shore house. As a response to the newfound friendship between Ronnie and Jenni, she punches Ronnie in the face. She quickly plans to leave but with the help of everyone she apologizes to Ronnie and stays. Jenni and Roger continue to date and also Deena and Dean, but Mike finds out a dirty secret which ends their relationship. Also Snooki and Vinny buy a stripper pole for the house and Sammi and Jenni make up and become friends again.
286"Should We Just Break Up?"February 3, 2011 (2011-02-03)8.26[50]
Now that Sammi and JWoww are friends again everyone is all about having a good time. Ronnie's drinking gets serious when he has to take a painful trip to the doctors. Deena hooks up with one of Ronnie's friends after a night in the club. Snooki also meets a guy and hooks up with him but after a romantic date on the boardwalk, he reveals that he was kind of engaged. Snooki immediately breaks up with him and he continues to call the house forcing Pauly D to hang up on him pretending to be an operator. Sammi and Ronnie's relationship continues to crumble especially when Sammi starts to hang around the girls more. Pauly has an encounter with his stalker but they make peace. In the end, Ronnie and Sammi get into a heated argument which ends with them ultimately breaking up.
297"Cabs Are Here!"February 10, 2011 (2011-02-10)7.85[51]
Despite Ronnie and Sammi's break up, their arguing is causing problems in the house. Ronnie confronts Mike about Miami which ends up into a heated argument in the kitchen but Mike ultimately apologizes to Ron to calm him down. JWoww goes on a date with Roger but keeps getting interrupted by his friends. Shortly after, the girls convince Sammi to go out and take a break from the tension between her and Ronnie but when Ronnie finds out he gets mad and starts to wreck their room and throwing Sammi's belongings onto the porch, including the bed on which she was standing.  The roommates hear the ruckus and realize that this was not just an argument but a physical altercation between Sam and Ron. Sammi goes on a rampage throwing fists, threatening and breaking the door and blinds. Ronnie also has to get held back. Sammi immediately goes out with the girls and starts to make Ronnie jealous by dancing with another guy. Ronnie leaves the club and returns home only to destroy all of Sammi's belongings. He breaks down crying and when Sammi returns home she sees the mess and also breaks down realizing that she does not deserve this. She calls a cab, says goodbye to everyone and leaves the Shore.

Note:      Sammi voluntarily left the house.
308"The Great Depression"February 17, 2011 (2011-02-17)7.64[52]
After Sammi leaves the house, Ronnie is an emotional wreck. With the girls taking Sammi's side and the guys not knowing how to cheer him up, Ronnie feels like he has no friends left in the house. Meanwhile, The Situation tries to hook up with Pauly D's ex-girlfriend. Also, the crew makes fun of Deena because of her "situation" and she ultimately has a nervous breakdown after the club and becomes upset because of their constant putdowns toward her. Ronnie then has a heart-to-heart talk with her and convinces her to not leave. Ronnie then wonders if he should stay in Jersey also, until Deena convinces him to stay.
319"Kissing Cousins"February 24, 2011 (2011-02-24)7.73[53]
Snooki realizes thanks to Jenni that her two previous hookups are actually related. Ronnie contemplates again on leaving but he calls his dad to help him out before he realizes that wherever he goes, he will continue to feel crappy. Mike becomes annoyed by Snooki and Deena to the point where he sets up a prank that sends the duo to Times Square. Despite pulling off the best prank yet, he gets left behind by the boys after taking a long time getting ready. The girls return and make Mike feel as if his prank did not work. In the end, the group gets ready to go out until Sammi makes her return to the shore.
3210"A Cheesy Situation"March 3, 2011 (2011-03-03)7.77[54]
Ronnie is shocked to see Sammi return. At the club, he tries to get back on her good side but she gives him the cold shoulder for now. Snooki tells Sam that she has feelings for Vinny but is heartbroken when she finds him "smushing" a girl he brought home from the club. The gang goes out bowling and realize Deena is a bad driver and Sammi and Jenni try to get Vinny to talk to Snooki about her feelings and their relationship. Then the roommates finally cannot stand the clogged toilet and decide to call a plumber who finds a tank top in the toilet. Ronnie, Sam, and Snooki play a prank on Mike by covering his bed with grated cheese that causes him to believe the girl he brought home has a yeast infection and Vinny and Snooki finally talk about their relationship.

Note:      Sammi returns to the house.
3311"Gym, Tan, Find Out Who Sammi Is Texting"March 10, 2011 (2011-03-10)7.20[55]
Vinny and Pauly head to Staten Island to visit Vinny's family. Deena, Jenni, Snooki, Ronnie and Sammi head out for a "Female GTL" of manicures and pedicures and Mike gets left behind, again. Ronnie and Sam rekindle their relationship by kissing where she then felt confused on the matter. Later, Jenni, Ronnie, Sammi and Vinny go tanning where Vinny gets a spray tan. While driving back to the house, Jenni apparently sees her friend Roger driving with another woman and she leaves him an angry message on his phone. The roommates do some investigating and realize she has made a mistake. Ronnie, Vinny and Pauly play with kites and Sammi, Snooki, and Deena decide to "bomb" the boys with water balloons where the boys retaliate. Roger calls and gets angry with Jenni for not trusting him and misinterpreting his actions. Ronnie and Sam try to work out their relationship but she does not feel ready yet. Then the gang hits the club where Mike meets an old friend named Arvin who was there to meet Sam. He shows Mike texts between him and Sam. Mike shows the rest of the group the same conversation to show he was not starting drama. Snooki and Deena confront Sammi about the texts but she denies it. Ronnie and Sam confront Mike and Arvin about the texts where Ronnie gets mad about the matter. In the end, Sam gets mad at Mike for being shady and Ronnie backs up Mike. Ron and Sam fight over what happened between Arvin and herself.
3412"A House Divided"March 17, 2011 (2011-03-17)6.60[56]
Vinny treats Snooki to burgers; however, to Snooki’s dismay, Vinny uses their tete-a-tete as a venue for discussing his sexual exploits from the night before. Shortly thereafter, Vinny undergoes an anxiety-ridden ear piercing at the T-shirt shop, and Pauly announces that Vinny looks "fresh to death" (the onlookers ostensibly concur). That night, after Pauly and the newly bejeweled Vinny heckle Deena for her denim-heavy attire, the crew ventures to Aztec. Meanwhile, Sam and Ronnie remain at home. Sam apologizes for having texted Arvin and insists that their relationship is platonic; Ronnie accepts, and the two sleep together. Some time later, Pauly and Vinny reluctantly return from the club with a suboptimal selection of females. Vinny, pierced and assertive, eventually evicts the girls and attempts to drag Snooki across the floor to his bedroom, aggravating her and their inchoate romance. The next morning, Ronnie’s mother calls the house and, thoroughly intoxicated, complains to Mike about her lack of trust in Ron's girlfriend. After Ron returns home, Mike suggests to him that Sam’s relationship with Arvin is suspicious. But Sam interrupts their summit, and the house quickly divides along gender lines. As the episode ends, Ronnie discovers from Arvin himself that Sam has lied about the nature of her relationship. He storms out to confront the lover who, he proclaims, is "the biggest liar in the world."
3513"At the End of the Day"March 24, 2011 (2011-03-24)7.61[57]
After Ronnie calls Arvin (to find out that Sammi has been cheating on Ronnie with Arvin) a angry Ronnie confronts Sam. She goes to the phone and confronts Arvin, who says they did kiss, but she says they didn't. After a heated argument, Ronnie angrily hangs up the phone, leaving Ronnie "feeling like a fool." Sammi confesses that a few years ago she did hook up with Arvin, and apologizes, but Ronnie leaves her by herself anyway. Ron, Snooki, and Vinny are working on the last day, but Ronnie decides to "sleep" on the job, only for Danny to spill water on him. The gang get ready for a night at the shore store where Danny is barbecuing. There, they meet up with friends and family, such as JWoww's dad, Snooki's friend, Danielle, and Pauly's friends from home, (Biggie and Jerry), as well as Roger and Deena's friend Lisa and her uncle.  Pauly DJs while Vinny wants to hook up with Lisa, but Deena becomes stubborn and takes Lisa away from Vinny. Deena and Vinny argue, as Vinny calls her "Angelina" starting some drama between them. Mike apologizes for being nosy to Sammi, and she accepts wondering why he was so nosy. The guys hit it up at Karma, where Roger and JWoww become a couple. Snooki hooks up with Nick one last time; Ron and Sam get into a new fight for the summer to everyone's unpleasantness. Ronnie and Sammi question whether they will get back together or not, leading to them just staying friends--for now. The guys prepare to leave, while Ron regrets ever dating Sammi. They all say their goodbyes and leave the Shore again.

text: ^[e] Episode aired on a Monday night at 9 p.m. ET before the series premiere of Skins.[58]

text:
Title
Episode Shown After
Host
Original air date

Jersey Shore: After Hours
4
Julissa Bermudez
January 20, 2011 (2011-01-20)

JWoww, Snooki and Deena talked about what happened on Episode 3 and 4; JWOWW opens up about her relationship with Tom.
Viewers: 4.77 million[59]

Jersey Shore: After Hours
7
Julissa Bermudez
February 10, 2011 (2011-02-10)

Ronnie is joined by JWoww, Mike, Vinny, and Pauly discuss Sammi's departure, grenades and Pauly D's stalker.
Viewers: 5.44 million[60]

Jersey Shore: After Hours
10
Julissa Bermudez
March 3, 2011 (2011-03-03)[61]

Snooki, Mike 'The Situation', Vinny and Deena discuss the toilet situation, Snooki and Vinny's "relationship", Mike pranking Deena and Snooki in Episode 9 and Snooki, Sam, and Ronnie pranking Mike in Episode 10.
Viewers: 4.0 million[62]

text: Season 4 (2011)[edit]

text: MTV renewed Jersey Shore for a fourth season on January 24, 2011. It was the first to be shot overseas, this time following the cast in Florence, Italy.[63] Filming went from May to June 20, 2011[64] and the fourth season premiered on August 4, 2011. The fourth season aired for 12 episodes and finished airing on October 20, 2011.

text:
No. inseries

No. inseason

Title

Original air date

U.S. Viewers(millions)
361"Going To Italia"August 4, 2011 (2011-08-04)8.78[65]
The Jersey Shore cast reunite and head off to Florence, Italy. While there the cast stay in a converted town house. Mike expresses interest in Snooki, but she has a boyfriend back home. Things are awkward between Ronnie and Sam after they ended their turbulent relationship. While trying to find somewhere to eat the girls get lost, whereas the boys find their way to a pizzeria and then the gym. Mike tells Ron that while they weren't filming he and Snooki slept together, more than once. The cast then go out to a club called Otel, Mike tries to kiss Snooki and she declines. Deena then openly kisses Pauly.
372"Like More Than a Friend"August 11, 2011 (2011-08-11)7.37[66]
Exes Ron and Sammi try to work on their relationship. Mike tried taking his friendship with Snooki to the next level and the gang learns they'll be working at a pizzeria.
383"Twinning"August 18, 2011 (2011-08-18)7.79[67]
Deena pulls a "robbery" on both Mike and Vinny with a pair of female twins: Mike tells everyone he hooked up with Snooki; Ron and Sammi talk things out and get back together.
394"Crime and Punishment"August 25, 2011 (2011-08-25)8.47[68]
The guys harass Deena for pulling a robbery on them; Ron and Sammi are back to their old ways and this time Mike gets involved in their drama.
405"And The Wall Won"August 28, 2011 (2011-08-28)8.08[69]
Mike and Ronnie come to blows over Mike's meddling ways, and Mike leaves the house on a stretcher due to hitting his own head on the concrete wall. Neither party hurt each other during the fight. Ronnie and Sam break up again, and Ronnie decides not to bring a girl home from the club that night.  On the way home from the club, Ronnie buys Sam a rose.  Meanwhile back in the house, Sam is not fully sure if he brought home a girl or not.
416"Fist Pump, Push-Ups, Chapstick"September 8, 2011 (2011-09-08)6.81[70]
Pauly and Vinny put on a "guido-theme" comedy show; Snooki becomes so distraught over her relationship woes that the girls decide to intervene; Ron and Sam try to patch things up once again.
427"Meatball Mashup"September 15, 2011 (2011-09-15)6.97[71]
The gang hits the beach during a trip to the Italian coast. Later, when they get back to Florence, Snooki and Deena have a run-in with the police.
438"Where Is My Boyfriend?"September 22, 2011 (2011-09-22)6.49[72]
Snooki and Deena are released from the police station after their accident. Later, Snooki's boyfriend Jionni visits, but their romantic reunion comes to an abrupt halt, and a sobbing Snooki ends the night alone on the streets of Florence.
449"Three Men and a Snooki"September 29, 2011 (2011-09-29)7.06[73]
Snooki is devastated over her big fight with Jionni, and decides to take a break from the relationship. Mike thinks it's finally his chance to win her over, but it's someone else who ends up comforting her. Meanwhile, Deena has a pregnancy scare.
4510"Damage Is Done"October 6, 2011 (2011-10-06)6.59[74]
The boys visit Vinny's family in Sicily, while the girls head to Tuscany for a wine tour. Later, Snooki learns the truth about her and Vinny's hookup, and she decides to come clean to Jionni.
4611"Situation Problems"October 13, 2011 (2011-10-13)6.472[75]
Deena continues to pursue Pauly. Later, she and Snooki get an icy reception at a nightclub. Meanwhile, Mike is back to stirring up drama, prompting the whole house to turn on him.
4712"Ciao, Italia"October 20, 2011 (2011-10-20)6.63[76]
The gang gets ready to say good-bye to Italy and head back to Seaside Heights in the Season 4 finale, but tensions between Mike and the rest of the roommates leave him doubtful that he'll be joining them back at the Jersey Shore.

text:
Title
Episode Shown After
Host
Original air date

Jersey Shore: From the First Fist Pump

July 28, 2011 (2011-07-28)

Jersey Shore: After Hours
5
Amy Paffrath
September 1, 2011 (2011-09-01)

Ronnie, The Situation, Vinny, Sammi, and Deena stop by to discuss the fight between Ronnie and The Situation, Deena's surprise hookup with Pauly D, and Deena pulling the "robbery" on Vinny and The Situation.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
7
Amy Paffrath
September 15, 2011 (2011-09-15)

Snooki, J-WOWW, Deena, and The Situation stop by to discuss The Situation and Snooki's alleged hookup.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: Reunion
12
Amy Paffrath
October 20, 2011 (2011-10-20)

The cast of 'Jersey Shore' is back together to dish on the dirt that happened in Italy. From the smooshing and romances to the fight and the Deena hookup, the cast tells all.

text: Season 5 (2012)[edit]

text: Jersey Shore was renewed for a fifth season. Filming started weeks after their return from Italy, June 27, 2011[77] and ended August 1, 2011. It premiered on January 5, 2012 and follows the cast returning to Seaside Heights, New Jersey after spending the fourth season in Italy.

text:
No. inseries

No. inseason

Title

Original air date

U.S. Viewers(millions)
481"Hurricane Situation"January 5, 2012 (2012-01-05)7.60[78]
The roommates return from Italy and couldn't be more excited to get back to the Jersey Shore. But a drama storm is brewing as The Situation threatens to destroy Snooki's relationship with Jionni. Snooki gets into a screaming match with "The Unit" and leaves everyone questioning the rumor of her and Mike.
492"One Man Down"January 12, 2012 (2012-01-12)6.49[79]
Vinny weighs his options: Should he stay at the Jersey Shore house or head home to Staten Island? Snooki fights with Jionni, and the roommates are back to their usual antics- partying and tanning to the extreme. Vinny ultimately leaves the house.

Note:      Vinny voluntarily left the house.
503"Dropping Like Flies"January 19, 2012 (2012-01-19)6.16[80]
The roommates struggle to adjust to life at the shore without Vinny, while The Situation confronts his own internal demons. But it's also Pauly D's birthday -- and he gets the best present of his life! Mike deals with jealousy and storms out of the house.

Note:      Mike voluntarily left the house.
514"Free Vinny"January 26, 2012 (2012-01-26)6.53[81]
The Situation returns only to find out that Danny has threatened to get new roommates. The girls hire strippers for Pauly D and The Situation's wild birthday party. The night out turns ugly when Sammi gets into a huge bar fight. The cast then goes to Staten Island to get back Vinny.

Note:      Mike returns to the house.
525"Nothing But Nice"February 2, 2012 (2012-02-02)5.69[82]
Vinny returns and everyone celebrates. The Situation tries hard to be nice but ends up annoying the boys. Snooki struggles with an uncomfortable condition.

Note:      Vinny returns to the house.
536"The Follow Game"February 9, 2012 (2012-02-09)5.42
The Situation secretly gathers information to bring down one of his roommates -- and for once it isn't Snooki. JWoww's relationship with her boyfriend starts to fall apart when she questions his priorities, and Pauly D discovers he has a new stalker.
547"Love at the Jersey Shore"February 16, 2012 (2012-02-16)5.35[83]
All of the roommates are focused on courting their current flames, but there is never peace in the house. One of the roommates causes drama with Snooki and Deena, while JWoww's skimpy outfit creates a problem for Roger. Everyone goes to Karma and the club is going crazy with fights and other chaos. The roommates prepare to fight if they have to but when someone touches JWoww the wrong way, Roger snaps and fights the guy.
558"Sharp Objects"February 23, 2012 (2012-02-23)5.23[84]
Mike prepares to confront Jionni; Deena and Snooki go fishing on a boat, and try to survive a near-death experience by a shark attack; Snooki buys a mini-bike for Ronnie; JWoww confronts Pauly's stalker; Snooki and Vinny may have a relationship when they spend a night together drinking.
569"The Truth Will Set You Free"March 1, 2012 (2012-03-01)5.30[85]
When The Situation and The Unit decide to stir up trouble, The Unit lands in jail; meanwhile, JWoww plans an anniversary surprise for her boyfriend and Pauly D and Vinny play a prank on JWoww. Pauly D spots Angelina briefly at Jenkinson's.
5710"One Meatball Stands Alone"March 8, 2012 (2012-03-08)4.84[86]
A huge fight breaks out after Mike tells Jionni he hooked up with Snooki; Deena faces a difficult truth about Joey; some of the roommates go camping while Pauly and Vinny pull off a big prank.
5811"We Are Family"March 15, 2012 (2012-03-15)4.99[87]
Another summer in Seaside Heights comes to a close as Hurricane Irene batters the East Coast in the Season 5 finale. As the gang prepares to leave, Mike continues to cause trouble by starting a rumor about Deena's sister, while Pauly and Vinny pull one more prank on the roommates. The roommates say goodbye to Seaside Heights with tears and hugs,  unaware if they will return.

text:
Title
Episode Shown After
Host
Original air date

Jersey Shore: After Hours
2
Amy Paffrath
January 14, 2012 (2012-01-14)

The Situation, Pauly D, Snooki, and Deena stop by to discuss about Snooki's alleged hookup with The Situation. Things go awry when Mike and Snooki get into a serious argument which leads to crying, screaming and Mike walking off the stage.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
4
Amy Paffrath
January 26, 2012 (2012-01-26)

Vinny, Deena, Pauly D, and The Situation chat about Vinny's return to Seaside, Pauly D's numerous hook-ups and The Situation's birthday blues.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
7
Amy Paffrath
February 16, 2012 (2012-02-16)

It's ladies night as JWoww, Snooki, Deena, and Sammi come together to discuss JWoww's relationship issues with Roger and guidette problems.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: Reunion
11
Amy Paffrath
March 22, 2012 (2012-03-22)

The cast of 'Jersey Shore' is back together to dish about all the drama in Seaside Heights. The cast tell all and Mike leaves the reunion briefly as the cast talks about his drama.[38]

text: Season 6 (2012)[edit]

text: On March 19, 2012, MTV confirmed that the series would return for a sixth season at Seaside Heights, with the whole cast returning. Snooki, being pregnant, lived next door to the shore house.[88]  On August 30, 2012 it was confirmed that Season 6 would be the final season of the show.[89] Jersey Shore Season 6: The Uncensored Final Season was released on DVD, March 19, 2013.[90]

text:
No. inseries

No. inseason

Title

Original air date

U.S. Viewers(millions)
591"Once More On to the Beach"October 4, 2012 (2012-10-04)4.69[91]
The cast return to the shore for their last summer in the Seaside Heights house in the premiere of the sixth and final season. Mike opens up about his time in rehab and Snooki faces the challenge of being pregnant in a party house.
602"No Shame, Good Integrity"October 4, 2012 (2012-10-04)4.17[91]
Deena copes with being away from her boyfriend; Snooki makes a shocking announcement.
613"Toxic Shots Syndrome"October 11, 2012 (2012-10-11)2.82[92]
Snooki moves out; Mike struggles through his recovery; Deena copes with being away from her meatball

Note:      Snooki voluntarily left the house due to her pregnancy & moves next door.
624"Blues, Balls & Brawls"October 11, 2012 (2012-10-11)3.15[92]
Jenni plans a surprise birthday party for Roger; a brawl breaks out at a club.
635"Merp Walk"October 18, 2012 (2012-10-18)3.17[93]
Jenni learns the full extent of her injury. Mike considers taking things with Paula to the next level. When Deena holds Meatball Auditions, she ends up getting arrested by Seaside Heights Police.
646"Let's Make It Official"October 25, 2012 (2012-10-25)2.96[94]
Jenni fears that her relationship with Roger is in jeopardy; Mike has second thoughts about his relationship with Paula.
657"Great Meatballs of Fire"November 1, 2012 (2012-11-01)2.46[95]
Mike is confused by relationship rules; Deena goes back to her meatball ways.
668"Control the Crazy"November 8, 2012 (2012-11-08)2.80[96]
Sammi confronts Deena about her antics; Mike and the roommates learn about Paula's wild side.
679"Make It Unofficial"November 15, 2012 (2012-11-15)2.74[97]
Jenni plans a shower for Snooki; the guys support Mike's decision to break up with Paula.
6810"Shore Shower"November 29, 2012 (2012-11-29)2.41[98]
The Meatballs reconnect; the house discusses Jionni's failings as a father; Vinny nearly has a threesome; Vinny is nervous about Jionni's reaction.
6911"Awkward!"December 6, 2012 (2012-12-06)2.22[99]
Vinny and Jionni resolve their differences; Mike acknowledges his past mistakes and attempts to make amends.
7012"Raining Men and Meatballs"December 13, 2012 (2012-12-13)2.03[100]
The roommates hold auditions for a temporary party pal for Deena; Mike reveals he used to be a stripper.
7113"The Icing on the Cake"December 20, 2012 (2012-12-20)3.13[101]
As the roommates' final summer in Seaside Heights comes to a close in the series finale, the roommates plan a bonfire party at the beach. At the bonfire, Sammi and Ronnie declare to their parents that they are moving in together, much to their parent's chagrin, with them disapproving their decision, reminding them of all their fights. Pauly, Vinny, and the Situation go to the Shore Store one last time to work, with the Situation choosing not to work and sleep, causing Danny to get annoyed. Vinny and Pauly decide to take Sam and Ron's bed to the roof because of Sammi's earlier prank on the boys, however, they pop the inflatable bed. Upon finding out, Ron gets extremely mad and blames it on Sammi, causing another fight, thus causing them to question their relationship. Sammi and JWoww start baking food for Pauly and the Situation's birthdays, and even pick up a cake for the Situation from Paula. The next day, the gang goes tanning, but discover that Paula had made a guy put his testicles on the cake, and even have a picture to prove it. Mike calls her to ask her if it is true, but she 'pretends' to not hear him, thus confirming the cake, causing the Situation to throw and break the duck phone. On the final day at the Shore, the roommates reminisce about how they've changed since their first time at the Shore house. The roommates acknowledge that they are 'family' and now have friends for life. The series ends with Danny putting a Rent sign up on the shore house and an "In memoriam" for the duck phone.

text:
Title
Episode Shown After
Host
Original air date

Jersey Shore: After Hours
5
Amy Paffrath
October 18, 2012 (2012-10-18)

Snooki, The Situation, Ronnie and JWoww chat about returning to Seaside and the newest meatball.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
6
Amy Paffrath
October 25, 2012 (2012-10-25)

Amy Paffrath sits down with Deena, Ronnie, JWoww and Vinny to get the scoop on the big brawl at Karma.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
8
Amy Paffrath
November 8, 2012 (2012-11-08)

Amy Paffrath sits down with Deena, Ronnie, Sam, and Vinny to get the dirt on episode 8. Sammi and Deena get into a heated argument.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
10
Amy Paffrath
November 29, 2012 (2012-11-29)

The boys dish all when MVP and Ronnie chat about what went on during episode 10.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: After Hours
11
Amy Paffrath
December 6, 2012 (2012-12-06)

Amy Paffrath sits down with Snooki, The Situation, Vinny, Sammi and Deena to get all the dirt on episode 11. They also talk about The Situation finally apologizing to Snooki.
Viewers:

Jersey Shore: Reunion
13
Amy Paffrath
December 20, 2012 (2012-12-20)

The cast joins together for the last time to say goodbye and to relive the best and most shocking moments in 'Jersey Shore' history.[38]


document_title: Nick Bottom

question_text: who falls in love with bottom despite his appearance

text: Nick Bottom

text: Overview[edit]

text: While they are in the woods rehearsing, the fairy Puck, a mischievous sprite and minion of Oberon, king of the fairies, happens upon their rehearsal. He decides to have some fun with them, carrying out part of Oberon's orders in the process, and when Bottom exits the stage, he transforms his head into a donkey's. When Bottom returns, unaware of his own transformation, his fellow actors run away from him with Quince screaming, "We are haunted!" Bottom believes they are playing a prank on him, proclaiming, "This is to make an ass of me, to fright me if they could." So he stays in the forest by himself and sings loudly to show them he isn't afraid. The Fairy Queen Titania is awakened by Bottom's song. She has been enchanted by a love potion, which will cause her to fall in love with the first living thing that she sees when she wakes (no matter who, or what it is), made from the juice of a rare flower, once hit by Cupid's arrow, that her husband, Oberon, King of the Fairies, spread on her eyes in an act of jealous rage. During his enchantment over her, he utters "Wake when some vile thing is near." The first thing she sees when she wakes is the transformed Bottom, and she immediately falls in love with him. She even commands her fairy minions to serve and wait upon him. Later, Oberon finally releases Titania from her enchantment. After being confronted with the reality that her romantic interlude with the transformed Bottom was not just a dream, she is disgusted with the very image of him and also seems very suspicious of how "these things came to pass." After Oberon instructs Puck to return Bottom's head to his human state, which Puck reluctantly does, the fairies leave him sleeping in the woods, nearby the four Athenian lovers, Demetrius, Helena, Hermia, and Lysander.

text: He wakes up after the lovers leave. His first thought is that he has fallen asleep in the woods during rehearsal and has missed his cue. He quickly realises he has had "a most rare vision". He is amazed by the events of this dream, and soon begins to wonder if it was in fact a dream at all. He quickly decides that he will "get Peter Quince to write a ballad of this dream", and that "it shall be called 'Bottom's Dream,' because it hath no Bottom". Upon being reunited with his friends, he is not even able to utter what has happened and says "For if I tell you, I am no true Athenian".

text: Theseus ends up choosing Pyramus and Thisbe as the performance for his amusement, now also the wedding day of the young Athenian lovers. The play is poorly written and poorly acted, though obviously performed with a great deal of passion. Bottom performs the famous Pyramus death scene in the play within the play, one of the most comedic moments in the play.

text: In performance, Bottom, like Horatio in Hamlet is the only major part that can't be doubled, i.e. that can't be played by an actor who also plays another character, since he is present in scenes involving nearly every character.

text: Analysis[edit]

text: Bottom's discussion of his dream is considered by Ann Thompson to have emulated two passages from Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess.[1]

text: Critics have commented on the profound religious implications of Bottom's speech on his awakening without the ass's head in act 4 of A Midsummer Night's Dream:

text:
"[. . .] The eye of
man hath not heard, the ear of man hath not seen,
man's hand is not able to taste, his tongue to conceive,
nor his heart to report, what my dream was. I
will get Peter Quince to write a ballad of this
dream: it shall be called 'Bottom's Dream', because
it hath no bottom; and I will sing it in the latter end
of a play, before the Duke. Peradventure, to make it the
more gracious, I shall sing it at her death." (4.1.209–216)

text: This speech seems to be a comically jumbled evocation of a passage from the New Testament's 1 Corinthians 2.9–10:

text:
"The things which
eye hathe not sene, nether eare hath heard,
nether came into man's heart, are, which
God hathe prepared for them that love him.
But God hathe reveiled them unto us by
his Spirit: for the Spirit searcheth all
things, yea, the deepe things of God."

text: Steven Doloff also suggests that Bottom's humorous and foolish performance at the end of "A Midsummer Night's Dream" mimics a passage from the previous chapter of Corinthians:

text:
"For seing the worlde by wisdome knewe
not God in the wisdome of God, it pleased
God by the foolishnes of preaching
to save them that believe:
Seing also that the Jewes require a signe,
and the Grecians seke after wisdome.
But we preache Christ crucified : unto
the Jewes, even a stombling blocke, & unto
the Grecians, foolishnes:
But unto them which are called, bothe
of the Jewes & Grecias we preache Christ,
the power of GOD, and the wisdome of God.
For the foolishnes of God is wiser the men [. . .]." (1 Corinthians 1.21–25)

text: This passage's description of the sceptical reception Christ was given by his Greek audience appears to be alluded to in Bottom's performance. Just as Christ's preaching is regarded as "foolishnes," Bottom's audience perceives his acting (as well as the entirety of the play he is a part of) as completely without value, except for the humor they can find in the actors' hopelessly flawed rendering of their subject matter. Doloff writes that this allusion is especially likely because, in both texts, the sceptical audience of the "foolish" material is composed of Greeks, as the spectators of Bottom et al. are Theseus, the duke of Athens, and his court.[2]

text: Scholarly debates[edit]

text: The origin of Bottom's farewell to Peter Quince in Act I, scene ii has become the topic of some disagreement among Shakespeare scholars. Parting with Quince, Bottom instructs his fellow actor to be at the next rehearsal, saying: "Hold or cut bowstrings." The debate is centred on whether this phrase arose from military or civilian life.

text: George Capell is the first to have offered an explanation of the origin of this phrase. He states that it is a proverbial saying and "was born in the days of archery". When an archery contest was planned, 'assurance of meeting was given in the words of that phrase'. If an archer did not keep the promised meeting, then the other archers might cut his bowstring, that is, 'demolish him for an archer'. From this 'particular usage, the phrase had an easy transition among the vulgar to that general application which Bottom makes of it.'[3]

text: However, W.L. Godshalk refutes this theory, stating that no subsequent scholars have been able to confirm Capell's ideas. Godshalk also states that it is unlikely that this was a common civilian phrase, as there are no other examples of this exact form of the phrase in the work of any author besides Shakespeare.

text: Godshalk further cites the work of George Steevens, who was able to find two vaguely parallel examples in seventeenth-century drama.[4] In George Chapman's The Ball, Scutilla asks Lady Lucina, 'have you devices / To jeer the rest?' Lucina answers, 'All the regiment of 'em, or I'll break my bow-strings' (II.ii.127-9).[5] Godshalk argues that the context implied by 'regiment' is important, as it implies that the breaking (or cutting) of bowstrings should be seen in terms of military rather than civilian archery. Steeven's other example is from Anthony Brewer's The Covntrie Girle: A Comedie: 'Fidler, strike. / I strike you else; – and cut your begging bowstrings'.[6] Godshalk writes that "the first 'strike' means 'to play upon' the fiddle; the second 'strike' may again suggest a military context for the cutting of bowstrings, though any reference to military archery is comic since the 'bow' in this case is the fiddler's bow."

text: Godshalk argues that, just as these examples indicate a military context, this must also be done with Bottom's "hold or cut bow-strings." He further cites Jean Froissart's account of the Battle of Crecy, which supports the military origin of Bottom's line: "When the Genoese felt the arrows piercing through their heads, arms, and breasts, many of them cast down their crossbows, and cut their strings, and resumed discomfited."[7] Archers would cut their bowstrings, thus destroying their weapons, in the midst of a retreat so that the enemy could not use their own instruments against them. It is the equivalent of striking artillery, rendering the equipment useless. With this understanding, Bottom's phrase can be interpreted as a military expression for "hold your position, or give up and retreat." In the context of the play, Bottom is being comically pretentious, saying: "Be present at the rehearsal, or quit the troupe."[8]

text: Notable interpretations[edit]

text: Some of the more successful interpretations of Nick Bottom are those of Samuel Phelps, Herbert Beerbohm Tree, Ralph Richardson, Stewart Wright, Andrew Blake, as well as Paul Rogers. Actors who have played the role on film include Paul Rogers, James Cagney and Kevin Kline. In the BBC Television Shakespeare version he is played by Brian Glover.

text: Cultural depictions[edit]

text: Bottom has been the subject of several paintings. German composer Hans Werner Henze has used Bottom twice as an inspiration: in the second sonata which comprises his Royal Winter Music and in his Eighth Symphony.

text: Nick Bottom is also the main character from Tony nominated musical Something Rotten! about Bottom competing as a playwright against William Shakespeare, his name being a reference to Shakespeare's play.


document_title: List of U.S. states by income

question_text: list of wealthiest states in the united states

text: List of U.S. states by income

text: States ranked by median household income

text: Median Household Income by State (Note that table does not reflect the margin of error in the values). [1]

text:
Rank
State
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011

1
Maryland
$75,847
73,971
$72,483
$71,122
$70,004

District of Columbia
$75,628
71,648
$67,572
$66,583
$63,124

2
Hawaii
$73,486
69,592
$68,020
$66,259
$61,821

3
Alaska
$73,355
71,583
$72,237
$67,712
$67,825

4
New Jersey
$72,222
71,919
$70,165
$69,667
$67,458

5
Connecticut
$71,346
70,048
$67,098
$67,276
$65,753

6
Massachusetts
$70,628
69,160
$66,768
$65,339
$62,859

7
New Hampshire
$70,303
66,532
$64,230
$63,280
$62,647

8
Virginia
$66,262
64,902
$62,666
$61,741
$61,882

9
California
$64,500
61,933
$60,190
$58,328
$57,287

10
Washington
$64,129
61,366
$58,405
$57,573
$56,835

11
Colorado
$63,909
61,303
$58,823
$56,765
$55,387

12
Minnesota
$63,488
61,481
$60,702
$58,906
$56,954

13
Utah
$62,912
60,922
$59,770
$57,049
$55,869

14
Delaware
$61,255
59,716
$57,846
$58,415
$58,814

15
New York
$60,850
58,878
$57,369
$56,448
$55,246

16
North Dakota
$60,557
59,029
$55,759
$53,585
$51,704

17
Wyoming
$60,214
57,055
$58,752
$54,901
$56,322

18
Illinois
$59,588
57,444
$56,210
$55,137
$53,234

19
Rhode Island
$58,073
54,891
$55,902
$54,554
$53,636

20
Vermont
$56,990
54,166
$52,578
$52,977
$52,776

United States
$55,775
53,657
$52,250
$51,371
$50,502

21
Pennsylvania
$55,702
53,234
$52,007
$51,230
$50,228

22
Texas
$55,653
53,035
$51,704
$50,740
$49,392

23
Wisconsin
$55,638
52,622
$51,467
$51,059
$50,395

24
Nebraska
$54,996
52,686
$51,440
$50,723
$50,296

25
Iowa
$54,736
53,712
$52,229
$50,957
$49,427

26
Oregon
$54,148
51,075
$50,251
$49,161
$46,816

27
Kansas
$53,906
52,504
$50,972
$50,241
$48,964

28
South Dakota
$53,017
50,979
$48,947
$48,362
$48,321

29
Nevada
$52,431
51,450
$51,230
$49,760
$48,927

30
Maine
$51,494
49,462
$46,974
$46,709
$46,033

31
Arizona
$51,492
50,068
$48,510
$47,826
$46,709

32
Georgia
$51,244
49,321
$47,829
$47,209
$46,007

33
Michigan
$51,084
49,847
$48,273
$46,859
$45,981

34
Ohio
$51,075
49,308
$48,081
$46,829
$45,749

35
Indiana
$50,532
49,446
$47,529
$46,974
$46,438

36
Missouri
$50,238
48,363
$46,931
$45,321
$45,247

37
Montana
$49,509
46,328
$46,972
$45,076
$44,222

38
Florida
$49,426
47,463
$46,036
$45,040
$44,299

39
Oklahoma
$48,568
47,529
$45,690
$44,312
$43,225

40
Idaho
$48,275
47,861
$46,783
$45,489
$43,341

41
North Carolina
$47,830
46,556
$45,906
$45,150
$43,916

42
Tennessee
$47,275
44,361
$44,297
$42,764
$41,693

43
South Carolina
$47,238
45,238
$44,163
$43,107
$42,367

44
Louisiana
$45,727
44,555
$44,164
$42,944
$41,734

45
New Mexico
$45,382
44,803
$43,872
$42,558
$41,963

46
Kentucky
$45,215
42,958
$43,399
$41,724
$41,141

47
Alabama
$44,765
42,830
$42,849
$41,574
$41,415

48
West Virginia
$42,019
41,059
$41,253
$40,196
$38,482

49
Arkansas
$41,995
41,262
$40,511
$40,112
$38,758

50
Mississippi
$40,593
39,680
$37,963
$37,095
$36,919

Puerto Rico
$18,626
18,928
$19,183
$19,429
$18,660

text: States ranked by per capita income

text: All data is from the 2010-2014 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates.[2][3]

text:
Rank
State
Per capita
income
Median
household
income
Median
family
income
Population
Number of
households
Number of
families

District of Columbia
$45,877
$71,648
$84,094
658,893
277,378
117,864

1
Connecticut
$39,373
$70,048
$88,819
3,596,677
1,355,817
887,263

2
New Jersey
$37,288
$69,160
$87,951
8,938,175
2,549,336
1,610,581

3
Massachusetts
$36,593
$71,919
$88,419
6,938,608
3,194,844
2,203,675

4
Maryland
$36,338
$73,971
$89,678
5,976,407
2,165,438
1,445,972

5
New Hampshire
$34,691
$66,532
$80,581
1,326,813
519,756
345,901

6
Virginia
$34,052
$64,902
$78,290
8,326,289
3,083,820
2,058,820

7
New York
$33,095
$58,878
$71,115
19,746,227
7,282,398
4,621,954

8
North Dakota
$33,071
$59,029
$75,221
739,482
305,431
187,800

9
Alaska
$33,062
$71,583
$82,307
736,732
249,659
165,015

10
Minnesota
$32,638
$61,481
$77,941
5,457,173
2,129,195
1,369,594

11
Colorado
$32,357
$61,303
$75,405
5,355,866
2,039,592
1,315,283

12
Washington
$31,841
$61,366
$74,193
7,061,530
2,679,601
1,725,099

13
Rhode Island
$30,830
$54,891
$71,212
1,055,173
409,654
257,165

14
Delaware
$30,488
$59,716
$72,594
935,614
349,743
233,000

15
California
$30,441
$61,933
$71,015
38,802,500
12,758,648
8,762,059

16
Illinois
$30,417
$57,444
$71,796
12,880,580
4,772,421
3,099,184

17
Hawaii
$29,736
$69,592
$79,187
1,419,561
450,769
314,151

18
Wyoming
$29,698
$57,055
$72,460
584,153
232,594
149,032

19
Pennsylvania
$29,220
$53,234
$67,876
12,787,209
4,945,972
3,185,054

20
Vermont
$29,178
$54,166
$67,154
626,562
257,229
162,017

United States
$28,889
$53,657
$65,910
318,857,056
117,259,427
77,152,072

21
Iowa
$28,361
$53,712
$67,771
3,107,126
1,241,471
801,562

22
Wisconsin
$28,213
$52,622
$67,187
5,757,564
2,307,685
1,485,877

23
Maine
$27,978
$49,462
$62,078
1,330,089
549,841
344,585

24
Kansas
$27,870
$52,504
$66,425
2,904,021
1,109,280
728,602

25
Oregon
$27,646
$51,075
$62,670
3,970,239
1,535,511
966,250

26
Nebraska
$27,446
$52,686
$66,120
1,881,503
740,765
480,317

27
Texas
$27,125
$53,035
$62,830
26,956,958
9,277,197
6,407,165

28
South Dakota
$26,959
$50,979
$66,936
853,175
334,475
211,235

29
Ohio
$26,937
$49,308
$62,300
11,594,163
4,593,172
2,923,523

30
Michigan
$26,613
$49,847
$62,143
9,909,877
3,834,574
2,485,159

31
Florida
$26,582
$47,463
$57,212
19,893,297
7,328,046
4,693,411

32
Missouri
$26,126
$48,363
$61,299
6,063,589
2,354,809
1,508,816

33
Montana
$25,989
$46,328
$60,643
1,023,579
410,962
251,176

34
North Carolina
$25,774
$46,556
$57,380
9,943,964
3,790,620
2,492,048

35
Nevada
$25,773
$51,450
$60,824
2,839,099
1,021,519
642,461

36
Arizona
$25,715
$50,068
$59,700
6,731,484
2,428,743
1,579,481

37
Georgia
$25,615
$49,321
$58,885
10,097,343
3,587,521
2,426,392

38
Oklahoma
$25,229
$47,529
$58,710
3,878,051
1,459,759
966,516

39
Indiana
$25,140
$49,446
$60,780
6,596,855
2,502,739
1,657,223

40
Tennessee
$24,922
$44,361
$55,557
6,549,352
2,509,665
1,660,344

41
Utah
$24,877
$60,922
$69,535
2,942,902
918,370
691,495

42
Louisiana
$24,800
$44,555
$56,573
4,649,676
1,718,194
1,112,659

43
South Carolina
$24,596
$45,238
$56,491
4,832,482
1,826,914
1,201,616

44
Idaho
$23,938
$47,861
$58,101
1,634,464
591,587
407,499

45
Kentucky
$23,684
$42,958
$54,776
4,413,457
1,712,094
1,124,586

46
New Mexico
$23,683
$44,803
$54,705
2,085,572
760,916
489,532

47
Alabama
$23,606
$42,830
$53,764
4,849,377
1,841,217
1,232,515

48
Arkansas
$22,883
$41,262
$51,528
2,966,369
1,131,288
752,212

49
West Virginia
$22,714
$41,059
$52,413
1,850,326
735,375
472,869

50
Mississippi
$21,036
$39,680
$50,178
2,994,079
1,095,823
738,463

Puerto Rico
$11,241
$18,928
$22,477
3,548,397
1,233,490
867,505