document_title: The Rainmaker (1997 film)

question_text: who played the black judge in the rainmaker

text: The Rainmaker (1997 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Rudy Baylor (Matt Damon) was brought up in a slum. His father, who was a severe alcoholic, abused him and his mother. After studying at Austin Peay State University, Rudy, who has an interest in social justice and civil rights, decides to attend law school. When he graduates from the University of Memphis State Law School, he, unlike most of his fellow grads, has no high-paying employment lined up. He is forced to apply for part-time positions while he serves drinks at a Memphis bar.

text: Desperate for a job, he reluctantly goes to an interview with J. Lyman "Bruiser" Stone (Mickey Rourke), a ruthless and corrupt but successful personal injury lawyer, who makes him an associate. To earn his fee, Rudy is turned into an ambulance chaser, required to hunt for potential clients at a local hospital.

text: Soon he meets Deck Shifflet (Danny DeVito), a less-than-ethical former insurance assessor turned paralegal, who has gone to law school but failed the bar exam six times. Deck is resourceful in gathering information, and practically an expert on insurance lawsuits.

text: Rudy manages to get just one case, concerning insurance bad faith. It may be worth several million dollars in damages, which appeals to him because he is about to declare himself bankrupt. He rents an apartment above the garage in the home of elderly Miss Birdsong (Teresa Wright), a client whose will he has been drafting.

text: Bruiser is suspected of racketeering, and his offices are raided by the police and FBI. Not knowing what else to do, Rudy and Deck set up, without so much as a secretary for help, a two-man practice. They file a bad faith suit on behalf of a middle-aged couple, Dot and Buddy Black, whose 22-year-old son Donny Ray (Johnny Whitworth) is going to die from leukemia. Donny Ray would most likely have been saved by a bone marrow transplant had his medical claim not been denied by Great Benefit, the family's insurance carrier.

text: Although Rudy passes the Tennessee bar exam, he has never argued a case before a judge and jury. He finds himself up against a group of experienced and devious lawyers from a large firm that is headed by Leo F. Drummond (Jon Voight), a showman attorney who uses unscrupulous tactics to win his cases.

text: The original judge assigned to the case, Harvey Hale (Dean Stockwell), is set to dismiss it because he sees it as one of many so-called "lottery" cases that slow the judicial process. But after Hale suffers a fatal heart attack, a far more sympathetic judge, Tyrone Kipler (Danny Glover), takes over the case. Kipler, a former civil rights attorney, immediately denies the insurance company's petition for dismissal.

text: While preparing his case, Rudy gets to know a young woman whom he met at the hospital, Kelly Riker (Claire Danes), a battered wife whose husband, Cliff (Andrew Shue), has beaten her so savagely with a baseball bat that she must be hospitalized. After a particularly violent attack, Rudy persuades Kelly, to whom he is attracted, to file for divorce.

text: Going to Kelly's home to pack her belongings, Rudy and Kelly are violently confronted by a bat-wielding Cliff. After Cliff injures Rudy then pulls a gun on him, Rudy grabs the bat and incapacitates him. Kelly insists Rudy leave, then finishes Cliff with the baseball bat. To prevent Rudy from being implicated, Kelly tells the police she was alone and killed her husband in self-defense. Rudy promises to defend Kelly if the case goes to trial, but the district attorney declines to prosecute, knowing Kelly would never be convicted.

text: Donny Ray dies, but not before giving a video deposition. The case goes to trial, where Drummond capitalizes on Rudy's inexperience. He gets vital testimony by Rudy's key witness, former Great Benefit employee Jackie Lemanczyk (Virginia Madsen), stricken from the record, and attempts to discredit Donny Ray's mother (Mary Kay Place). Due to Rudy's single-minded determination and skillful cross-examination of Great Benefit's unctuous president Wilfred Keeley (Roy Scheider), the jury finds for the plaintiff with a monetary award far exceeding all expectations.

text: It is a great triumph for Rudy and Deck, at least until Keeley attempts to flee the country after looting the company and Great Benefit declares itself bankrupt, making it unable to pay the Blacks or any other claimant. Despite no payout for the grieving parents, nor fees for Rudy or Deck, Dot Black is relieved that Great Benefit is out of business and unable to hurt other families like hers. Drummond, who also will not be getting paid for his services, calls up and commiserates with Rudy telling him that everybody lost.

text: Convinced his success will create unrealistic expectations for future clients, Rudy abandons his practice to instead teach law with a focus on ethical behavior. He leaves town with Kelly, wanting to retain a low profile and protect Kelly from any possible retribution by Cliff's vengeful relatives. He leaves the legal profession after just one successful case.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Matt Damon as Rudy Baylor
Claire Danes as Kelly Riker
Jon Voight as Leo F. Drummond
Mary Kay Place as Dot Black
Mickey Rourke as J. Lyman "Bruiser" Stone
Danny DeVito as Deck Shifflet
Dean Stockwell as Judge Harvey Hale
Virginia Madsen as Jackie Lemanczyk
Randy Travis as Billy Porter
Roy Scheider as Wilfred Keeley
Red West as Buddy Black
Johnny Whitworth as Donny Ray Black
Andrew Shue as Cliff Riker
Teresa Wright as "Miss Birdie" Birdsong
Danny Glover (uncredited) as Judge Tyrone Kipler
Claire Robinson as girl at table

text: Nick Nolte claimed that Coppola offered him an unspecified role. He turned it down due to a commitment with Affliction.[3]

text: Release[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: On its opening weekend, the film ranked third behind Anastasia and Mortal Kombat: Annihilation, earning $10,626,507.[4] The film grossed $45,916,769 in the domestic box office,[2] exceeding its estimated production budget of $40 million, but still was considered a disappointment for a film adaptation of a Grisham novel, particularly in comparison to The Firm, which was made for roughly the same amount but grossed more than six times its budget.

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received generally positive reviews from critics, with the film earning an 82% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 45 reviews, with an average rating of 7.1 out of 10. The site's consensus states: "Invigorated by its talented cast and Francis Ford Coppola's strong direction, The Rainmaker is a satisfying legal drama -- and arguably the best of Hollywood's many John Grisham adaptations."[5] On Metacritic, the film has a 72 out of 100 rating based on 19 critics, indicating "generally positive reviews".[6]

text: Roger Ebert gave The Rainmaker three stars out of four, remarking: "I have enjoyed several of the movies based on Grisham novels ... but I've usually seen the storyteller's craft rather than the novelist's art being reflected. ... By keeping all of the little people in focus, Coppola shows the variety of a young lawyer's life, where every client is necessary and most of them need a lot more than a lawyer."[7] James Berardinelli also gave the film three stars out of four, saying that "the intelligence and subtlety of The Rainmaker took me by surprise" and that the film "stands above any other filmed Grisham adaptation".[8]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Favorite Actor — Drama (Matt Damon)
Favorite Supporting Actor — Drama (Danny DeVito)
Favorite Supporting Actress — Drama (Claire Danes)

text: Best Supporting Actor (Jon Voight)

text: Best Supporting Actor — Motion Picture (Danny Glover)

text: Best Supporting Actor — Motion Picture Drama (Danny DeVito)

text: USC Scripter Award (John Grisham and Francis Ford Coppola)

text: Other honors

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2008: AFI's 10 Top 10:

Nominated Courtroom Drama Film[9]


document_title: Albumin

question_text: what is the function of albumin in blood

root

text: Albumin

text: Function[edit]

text: Serum albumin is the main protein of human blood plasma.[7] It binds water, cations (such as Ca2+, Na+ and K+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin, thyroxine (T4) and pharmaceuticals (including barbiturates): its main function is to regulate the Oncotic pressure of blood. Alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-fetoglobulin) is a fetal plasma protein that binds various cations, fatty acids and bilirubin. Vitamin D-binding protein binds to vitamin D and its metabolites, as well as to fatty acids. The isoelectric point of albumin is 4.9.

tag: p

text: Structure[edit]

text:
The 3D structure of human serum albumin has been determined by X-ray crystallography to a resolution of
2.5 ångströms (250 pm).[8] Albumin is a 65–70 kDa protein.

text: Albumin comprises three homologous domains that assemble to form a heart-shaped protein.[2] Each domain is a product of two subdomains that possess common structural motifs.[2] The principal regions of ligand binding to human serum albumin are located in hydrophobic cavities in subdomains IIA and IIIA, which exhibit similar chemistry. Structurally, the serum albumins are similar, each domain containing five or six internal disulfide bonds, as shown schematically below:

text: Serum albumin[edit]

text: Serum albumin is the most abundant blood plasma protein and is produced in the liver and forms a large proportion of all plasma protein. The human version is human serum albumin, and it normally constitutes about 50% of human plasma protein.[7]

text: Serum albumins are important in regulating blood volume by maintaining the oncotic pressure (also known as colloid osmotic pressure) of the blood compartment.[7] They also serve as carriers for molecules of low water solubility this way isolating their hydrophobic nature, including lipid-soluble hormones, bile salts, unconjugated bilirubin, free fatty acids (apoprotein), calcium, ions (transferrin), and some drugs like warfarin, phenobutazone, clofibrate & phenytoin. For this reason, it is sometimes referred as a molecular "taxi". Competition between drugs for albumin binding sites may cause drug interaction by increasing the free fraction of one of the drugs, thereby affecting potency.

text: Specific types include:

text:
human serum albumin
bovine serum albumin (cattle serum albumin) or BSA, often used in medical and molecular biology labs.

tag: ul

text: Serum albumin levels[edit]

text: The normal range of human serum albumin in adults (> 3 y.o.) is 3.5 to 5 g/dL. For children less than three years of age, the normal range is broader, 2.9–5.5 g/dL.[9]

text: Low albumin (hypoalbuminemia) may be caused by liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, burns, protein-losing enteropathy, malabsorption, malnutrition, late pregnancy, artefact, genetic variations and malignancy.

text:
High albumin (hyperalbuminemia) is almost always caused by dehydration. In some cases of retinol (Vitamin A) deficiency, the albumin level can be elevated to high-normal values (e.g., 4.9 g/dL).  This is because retinol causes cells to swell with water (this is also the reason too much Vitamin A is toxic).[10]
This swelling also likely occurs during treatment with 13-cis retinoic acid (isotretnoin), a pharmaceutical for treating severe acne, amongst other conditions. In lab experiments it has been shown that all-trans retinoic acid down regulates human albumin production.[11]

text: Other albumin types[edit]

text: Other albumin types include the storage protein ovalbumin in egg white, and different storage albumins in the seeds of some plants, including hemp.[12]

text: Note that the protein "albumin" is spelled with an "i", while "albumen" with an "e", is the white of an egg, which contains (among other things) several dozen types of albumin (with an "i"), mostly ovalbumin.

text: Medical uses[edit]

text: For patients with low blood volume, there is no evidence that albumin reduces mortality when compared with cheaper alternatives such as normal saline, or that albumin reduces mortality in patients with burns and low albumin levels. Therefore, the Cochrane Collaboration recommends that it not be used, except in clinical trials.[13][needs update]

text: In acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV), albumin is sometimes used as a surfactant.  ADV has been proposed as a cancer treatment by means of occlusion therapy.[14]

text: Human serum albumin may be used to potentially reverse drug/chemical toxicity by binding to free drug/agent. (Tatlow, D, Poothencheri,S, Bhangal, R and Tatlow C. Novel method for rapid reversal of drug toxicity: A case report. doi|10.1111/1440-1681.12358). Ascentzi, P, Leboffe, L, Toti, D, Polticelli, F, and Trezza, V. Fipronil recognition by the FA1 site of human serum albumin. doi|10.1002/jmr.2713.

text: Forensic uses[edit]

text: Worldwide, certain traditional Chinese medicines contain wild bear bile, banned under CITES legislation. Dip sticks, similar to common pregnancy tests, have been developed to detect the presence of bear albumin in traditional medicine products, indicating that bear bile had been used in their creation.[15]


document_title: The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries

question_text: who played nancy drew in the tv series

question_tokens: who played nancy drew in the tv series

text: The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Season One (1977)[edit]

text: The titular "Hardy Boys", Frank and Joe, are brother amateur detectives from the fictional city of Bayport, Massachusetts[note 1] The boys live with their famous father, Fenton Hardy, a private detective who spent two decades with the New York Police Department, and his sister, the boys' spinster aunt Gertrude. The boys are frequently assisted by their friend, Callie Shaw, who does part-time work for their father.

text: Nancy Drew is an amateur sleuth — although she prefers the term "part time investigator" — and daughter of defense attorney Carson Drew. The two live in the fictional town of River Heights, New Jersey[note 2] Nancy solves mysteries with her best friend, George Fayne, and her father's paralegal, Ned Nickerson, with whom she shares an ambiguous romantic connection.

text: The Hardy boys' friend Chet Morton only had a brief role in the series. The Callie Shaw character was changed drastically from the books, where she is Frank's girlfriend. For Nancy Drew, the Ned Nickerson character was also changed; in the books, he was Nancy's boyfriend, who attended college, and was the football quarterback.

text: Season Two (1977-78)[edit]

text: With the second season came some serious story and character changes. For the Hardy episodes, all characters except for Fenton Hardy were dropped, and unmentioned. For the Nancy Drew episodes, Ned Nickerson was erased at first, but then later came back as the Assistant District attorney from Boston, and was re-introduced to Nancy Drew. Bess Marvin is also introduced, but was only featured in the two-part season premiere and in a cameo in the first part of the second crossover.

text: In the first episode, the Hardy boys and Nancy Drew meet in a European hotel room, and are at first at odds — Frank and Joe are tracking their missing father, who was working with Nancy at the time. The series then featured episodes which see the two teams work successfully together. Nancy and Frank are also constantly at odds with each other; they often bicker in many of the earlier crossover episodes. Although the relationship is mostly professional and platonic, Nancy Drew and Frank Hardy kiss in one episode; however, this is the furthest the romance goes.

text: Midway through the season, Pamela Sue Martin departed the series over concerns regarding her reduced role; she was recast with Janet Louise Johnson.

text: Season Three (1978-79)[edit]

text: Following the ending of the second season, the Nancy Drew character was dropped, and the series was re-titled The Hardy Boys.

text: Joe Hardy was engaged in the first episode, but his fiancee was killed in a hit-and-run, investigated by the FBI. After solving the case, Frank and Joe become government agents at the Justice Department. Their boss, Harry Hammond, became a regular cast member.

text: Midway through the season, the series was canceled by ABC.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Season

Season 1
(1977)
Season 2
(1977-78)
Season 3
(1978-79)

Parker Stevenson
Frank Hardy
Starring

Shaun Cassidy
Joe Hardy
Starring

Pamela Sue Martin
Nancy Drew [note 3]
Starring
N/A

Janet Louise Johnson
N/A
Recurring
N/A

Ed Gilbert
Fenton Hardy
Regular

William Schallert
Carson Drew
Regular
N/A

Jean Rasey
George Fayne
Regular
N/A

Susan Buckner
N/A
Recurring
N/A

George O'Hanlon Jr.
Ned Nickerson [note 4]
Regular
N/A

Edith Atwater
Gertrude Hardy
Regular
N/A

Lisa Eilbacher
Callie Shaw
Regular
N/A

Jack Kelly
Harry Hammond
N/A
Regular

Robert Karnes
Sheriff King
Recurring
N/A

Herb Voland
Chief Ezra Collig
Recurring
N/A

Gary Springer
Chet Morton
Recurring
N/A

Ruth Cox
Bess Marvin
N/A
Recurring
N/A

tag: table

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew were both successful book publishing franchises owned by the Stratemeyer Syndicate, a publishing group which owned many successful children's book lines. At the time the television series started production (Fall 1976), there were 55 books in The Hardy Boys series and 53 books in the Nancy Drew series.[citation needed] Producers Joyce Brotman and Arlene Sidaris wanted to adapt both book series to television, and proposed a series to Universal Television in 1976. Universal was excited about the series, but first had to gain approval from the Stratemeyer Syndicate, headed by Harriet Stratemeyer Adams.[citation needed]

text: At first, the 83-year-old Adams was skeptical.[citation needed] Adams had inherited the Syndicate from her father, Edward Stratemeyer, after his death in 1930. In the late 1930s, Warner Bros. approached Adams about buying the movie rights to the Drew series.[citation needed] An inexperienced Adams sold all rights to Warner Bros., who made a series of B-films that did not please her.[citation needed] The Hardy Boys had previously been adapted for The Mickey Mouse Club in the late 1950s, and a Saturday morning cartoon series in the late 1960s, both of which disappointed Adams again. Adams wanted Brotman and Sidaris to keep the wholesome, conservative values of the characters; when Brotman and Sideris agreed, she approved of the series, but with full script approval.[citation needed] Universal gave the assignment to Glen A. Larson, who had produced the police drama Get Christie Love!.

text: The show was pitched to ABC in September 1976, and the pilots were filmed for 24 straight hours. ABC picked up the series in November, with a set launch date of January 1977.[1]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Shaun Cassidy was the first one cast, in the role of Joe Hardy. Producer Arlene Sidaris stated that they were looking for a "young David Cassidy", who was Shaun's half-brother. Sidaris stated that casting Nancy Drew was harder, as "everyone had a fixed image in their heads" of what she was like.[1]

text: Actress Jamie Lee Curtis auditioned for the role of Nancy Drew.[2][3] She later guest starred in a Nancy Drew episode, "The Mystery of the Fallen Angels".

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The theme music was composed by long-time Glen A. Larson collaborator Stu Phillips.[4]

text:
For the first season, the opening credits featured a maze under the series title. Martin, Stevenson, and Cassidy were all credited in all episodes, despite the program alternating between the characters. At the end of the haunting theme music, a voice-over announcer would state who was featured in the episode and the episode title.
For the second season, the title sequence was altered; the maze was replaced with clips from the series and a collage of book covers from the book series. Depending on which characters were featured - the Hardy boys, Nancy Drew, or both - the sequence was altered to give emphasis to one or the other.
For the third season, the series' theme song was remixed, and given more of an upbeat disco sound. It featured clips from the various season three episodes, along with the names of Cassidy and Stevenson.

text: Filming[edit]

text: The show was filmed at Universal Studios, on the studio lot on parts of Colonial Street. This backlot street was later used in: the Tom Hanks comedy film The 'Burbs; the music video for Smash Mouth's hit song All Star; and as Wisteria Lane in the ABC drama Desperate Housewives, in which the home of the Hardys also served the home of main character Susan Mayer.[5]

text: The series replaced the short-lived Cos, and aired before Top 10 hits The Six Million Dollar Man and The ABC Sunday Night Movie.[citation needed] The series ran against 60 Minutes on CBS and The Wonderful World of Disney on NBC. The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries did not achieve the Top 10 success of the night's other series, but well enough to knock 60 minutes from its Top 10 position to #18.[citation needed]

text: Following the departure of Pamela Sue Martin and the subsequent mixed reaction with replacement Janet Louise Johnson, producers once again rebooted the series. This time, they cut the Nancy Drew character, and the series, now titled The Hardy Boys, focused solely on the Hardys. The series became "darker", and featured the Hardys as professional investigation agents at the Justice Department. This season aired before another notable Glen A. Larson series, Battlestar Galactica.

text: Cancellation[edit]

text: In January 1979, the series was abruptly canceled. According to the cast and crew members, this was due to ABC attempting to garner better ratings in that time period; this ultimately failed, and after ratings declined significantly, it took years for the network to recover. Larson later stated the network had "cancellation remorse", while Stevenson said that, years later, an ABC executive at the time said his biggest mistake was cancelling The Hardy Boys.[1]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Rank
Nielsen ratings

1
14
January 30, 1977
May 22, 1977
#61
17.2

2
22
September 11, 1977
May 7, 1978
#69
15.8

3
10
October 1, 1978
January 14, 1979
#92
13.0

text: Episode #12, "The Mystery of the Ghostwriter's Cruise", is noteworthy because it contains a sequence in which a tsunami appears to approach a cruise ship, a deliberate homage to the 1972 disaster film, The Poseidon Adventure, in which Martin had also starred.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Average seasonal ratings[edit]

text:
Season
TV season
Timeslot (EDT)
Season Premiere
Season Finale
Rank
Viewers
(in millions)
Ref

1
1977
Sunday 7:00 PM
January 30, 1977 (1977-01-30)
May 22, 1977 (1977-05-22)
#61
17.2
[6]

2
1977–78
September 11, 1977 (1977-09-11)
May 7, 1978 (1978-05-07)
#69
15.8
[7]

3
1978–79
October 1, 1978 (1978-10-01)
January 14, 1979 (1979-01-14)
#92
13.0
[8]

text: Awards[edit]

text: The series was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1977, in the category of "Special Classification of Outstanding Individual Achievement", recognizing the work of cinematographer Enzo Martinelli.

text: Guest appearances[edit]

text: A number of well known actors appeared in episodes of The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries, either as celebrity guest stars or before they achieved subsequent fame.

text: Celebrities who appeared in episodes included Ricky Nelson (The Flickering Torch Mystery); Bob Crane (A Haunting We Will Go); Lorne Greene, Bernie Taupin, Trini Lopez and Paul Williams (The Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew Meet Dracula, where Williams sang the song "Hell of It", which originally appeared on his 1974 starring film Phantom of the Paradise); Jaclyn Smith, Robert Wagner, Casey Kasem and Dennis Weaver (Mystery of the Hollywood Phantom); Tony Dow (The Creatures Who Came on Sunday); Maureen McCormick (Nancy Drew's Love Match); William Campbell and Missy Gold (Will The Real Santa ...?); Lloyd Bochner and Dorothy Malone (The House on Possessed Hill); Diana Muldaur (Sole Survivor); Ray Milland and Howard Duff (Voodoo Doll); Vic Damone, Fabian and Troy Donahue (Mystery on the Avalanche Express); Jack Jones (Death Surf); Pernell Roberts and Joseph Cotten (Arson and Old Lace); Kevin Tighe (Last Kiss of Summer) Dana Andrews and Patrick Macnee (Assault on the Tower); John Colicos (Search for Atlantis); June Lockhart and Robert Loggia (Dangerous Waters).

text: Famous actors who appeared in the series earlier in their career included Jamie Lee Curtis, Robert Englund and A Martinez (The Mystery of the Fallen Angels); Rosalind Chao (The Mystery of the Jade Kwan Yin); Mark Harmon and Martin Kove (The Mystery of the Solid Gold Kicker); Anne Lockhart (The Mystery of the African Safari and The Last Kiss of Summer); Rick Springfield (Will The Real Santa ...?); Nicholas Hammond and John Karlen (The Lady on Thursday at Ten); Melanie Griffith (The House on Possessed Hill); Kim Cattrall and Linda Dano (Voodoo Doll); Valerie Bertinelli, Stepfanie Kramer and Kim Lankford (Campus Terror); and Ana Alicia (Life on the Line).

text: Bernie Taupin, the composer and musical partner of Elton John, appeared in the two-part episode The Hardy Boys and Nancy Drew Meet Dracula, as a young British musician.

text: Darleen Carr, who guest starred in the episode Search for Atlantis, is the sister of Charmian Carr, who played Liesl von Trapp in the Robert Wise film adaptation of The Sound of Music.

text: Producer Glen A. Larson also produced the science fiction series Battlestar Galactica, which aired in 1978-'79 and 1980. A number of actors who appeared in The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries were also either cast members or guest stars of that series, including Lorne Greene, Maren Jensen, Anne Lockhart, Rick Springfield, Ana Alicia, Patrick Macnee and John Colicos.

text: Home video[edit]

text: Universal Studios Home Entertainment has released The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries Seasons 1 & 2 on DVD in Region 1 & 2. Shout! Factory released the third and final season on DVD on February 12, 2013.[9]

text:
DVD Name
Ep #
Region 1
Region 2

Season 1
14
March 22, 2005
July 16, 2007

Season 2
22
June 12, 2007
December 26, 2007

Season 3
10
February 12, 2013
TBA

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The books set Bayport in New York.
Jump up ^ The books usually set River Heights in Illinois, just outside of Chicago.
Jump up ^ Pamela Sue Martin portrayed Nancy Drew from episodes 1-27, while Janet Louise Johnson portrayed Nancy Drew from episodes 31-35. Both are credited as guest stars in crossover episodes; since Johnson did not appear in any solo episodes, she is listed in this table as recurring.
Jump up ^ Rick Springfield also portrayed Ned Nickerson in one season two episode; however, Springfield's role was unrelated to O'Hanlon's.

tag: ol


document_title: List of people who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards

question_text: who has won a grammy emmy oscar and tony

question_tokens: who has won a grammy emmy oscar and tony

text: List of people who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards

text: Winners of all four awards[edit]

text: To date, twelve individuals have won all four awards in competitive categories.[2]

text:
Name
Year completed
Years to complete
Emmy
Grammy
Oscar
Tony
Category(s)

Rodgers, RichardRichard Rodgers
1962
17
1962
19601
1945
19501,2
Composer

Hayes, HelenHelen Hayes3
1977
45
1953
1977
19321
19471,2
Actress

Moreno, RitaRita Moreno3
1977
16
19771
1972
1961
1975
Actress/Singer

Gielgud, JohnJohn Gielgud
1991
30
1991
1979
1981
19611,2
Actor/Director

Hepburn, AudreyAudrey Hepburn
19945
41
19935
19945
19532
19542
Actress

Hamlisch, MarvinMarvin Hamlisch
1995
23
19951
19741
19731
1976
Composer

Tunick, JonathanJonathan Tunick
1997
20
1982
1988
1977
1997
Composer/Conductor

Brooks, MelMel Brooks
2001
34
19671
19981
1968
20011
Writer/Composer/Actor

Nichols, MikeMike Nichols
2001
40
20011
1961
1967
19641
Director/Actor

Goldberg, WhoopiWhoopi Goldberg
2002
17
20021,2,4
1985
1990
2002
Actress/Host/Producer

Rudin, ScottScott Rudin
2012
28
1984
2012
2007
19941
Producer

Lopez, RobertRobert Lopez
2014
10
20081,4
20121
2014
20041
Composer

text: Notes:

text:
^1 The artist also subsequently won one or more additional competitive awards.
^2 The artist also received one or more honorary or non-competitive awards.
^3 The artist also earned the Triple Crown of Acting, with singular (non-group/ensemble/company) acting wins in the Emmy, Oscar and Tony awards.
^4 The artist has won a Daytime Emmy Award, not a Primetime Emmy Award.
^5 The artist was awarded posthumously.

text: Additional major awards[edit]

text:
Marvin Hamlisch and Richard Rodgers have also won the Pulitzer Prize.
Gielgud, Goldberg, Hamlisch, Hepburn, Moreno, Nichols, and Rudin have been awarded one or more Golden Globe Awards.
Mel Brooks, Helen Hayes, Rita Moreno, Mike Nichols, and Richard Rodgers have also been awarded the Kennedy Center Honors.
Helen Hayes, Audrey Hepburn, and Rita Moreno have been awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Mel Brooks, Helen Hayes, Rita Moreno, and Mike Nichols have been awarded the National Medal of Arts.
Mel Brooks and Mike Nichols have been awarded the AFI Life Achievement Award.
Audrey Hepburn and Rita Moreno have been awarded the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award.
Audrey Hepburn has also been awarded the Cecil B. DeMille Award.

text: Including non-competitive or special[edit]

text: Six other artists – Liza Minnelli, James Earl Jones, Barbra Streisand, Alan Menken, Harry Belafonte and Quincy Jones – have also received all four awards, even though at least one of the awards was non-competitive, i.e. special or honorary in nature (Streisand's Tony, both of Jones' Oscars, Minnelli's Grammy, Menken's Emmy and Belafonte's Oscar).[2]

text: The following are the six artists who also have won the four major awards but not exclusively in the main competitive categories.

text:
Artist
Year completed
Years to complete
1st Award
2nd Award
3rd Award
4th Award

Streisand, BarbraBarbra Streisand
1970

6

1964
Grammy
1965
Emmy
1968
Oscar
1970
Special Tony Award

Minnelli, LizaLiza Minnelli
1990

25

1965
Tony
1972
Oscar
1973
Emmy
1990
Grammy Legend Award

Jones, James EarlJames Earl Jones
2011

42

1969
Tony
1977
Grammy
1991
Emmy
2011
Academy Honorary Award (Oscar)

Alan Menken
2012

23

1989
Oscar
1990
Special Emmy Award
1991
Grammy
2012
Tony

Belafonte, HarryHarry Belafonte
2014

61

1953
Tony
1960
Emmy
1961
Grammy
2014
Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award (Oscar)

Jones, QuincyQuincy Jones
2016

52

1964
Grammy
1977
Emmy
1994
Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award (Oscar)
2016
Tony

text: Additional major awards or honors[edit]

text:
James Earl Jones, Alan Menken, Liza Minnelli, and Barbra Streisand have been awarded one or more Golden Globe Awards.
Harry Belafonte, James Earl Jones, Quincy Jones, and Barbra Streisand have been awarded the Kennedy Center Honors.
Harry Belafonte, James Earl Jones, Quincy Jones, and Barbra Streisand have been awarded the National Medal of Arts.
Harry Belafonte, Quincy Jones, Alan Menken, Liza Minnelli, and Barbra Streisand have been inducted into the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
James Earl Jones and Liza Minnelli have been inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame.
Barbra Streisand has been awarded the AFI Life Achievement Award, Cecil B. DeMille Award, and the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
James Earl Jones has been awarded the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award.

text: Qualifying awards summary (competitive only)[edit]

text: Richard Rodgers[edit]

text: Richard Rodgers (1902–1979), a composer, received his fourth distinct award in 1962. Between 1945 and 1979, Rodgers received a total of 13 awards.

text:
Academy Awards:

1945: Best Song – "It Might as Well Be Spring" from State Fair

Emmy Awards:

1962: Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composed – Winston Churchill: The Valiant Years

Grammy Awards:

1960: Best Show Album (Original Cast) – The Sound of Music
1962: Best Original Cast Show Album – No Strings

Tony Awards:

1950: Best Musical – South Pacific
1950: Tony Award for Producers, Musical – South Pacific
1950: Best Score – South Pacific
1952: Best Musical – The King and I
1960: Best Musical – The Sound of Music
1962: Best Composer – No Strings

Special Awards:

1962: Special Tony Award "for all he has done for young people in the theatre and for taking the men of the orchestra out of the pit and putting them onstage in No Strings"
1972: Special Tony Award
1979: Special Tony Award, Lawrence Langner Memorial Award for Distinguished Lifetime Achievement in the American Theatre

text: Helen Hayes[edit]

text: Helen Hayes (1900–1993), an actress, received her fourth distinct award in 1977. Between 1932 and 1980, Hayes received a total of 7 awards. She was the first woman to win all four. Hayes was also the first person to win the Triple Crown of Acting, with singular (non-group/ensemble/company) acting wins in each of the Emmy, Oscar and Tony awards, winning her third in 1953. Counting only the first award of each type, she also has the distinction of the longest timespan (45 years) between her first and fourth award of any showbiz Grand Slam winner.

text:
Academy Awards:

1932: Best Actress in a Leading Role – The Sin of Madelon Claudet
1970: Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Airport

Emmy Awards:

1953: Best Actress – Schlitz Playhouse of Stars for the episode "Not a Chance"

Grammy Awards:

1977: Best Spoken Word Recording – Great American Documents

Tony Awards:

1947: Best Actress, Dramatic – Happy Birthday
1958: Best Actress, Dramatic – Time Remembered

Special Awards:

1980: Special Tony Award, Lawrence Langner Memorial Award for Distinguished Lifetime Achievement in the American Theatre

text: Rita Moreno[edit]

text: Rita Moreno (born 1931), an actress, received her fourth distinct award in 1977. Between 1961 and 1978, Moreno received a total of five awards.[10] She is also the first Hispanic winner and the first winner to win a Grammy as their second award (both previous winners won Tonys as their second award). In addition, she became a Kennedy Center Honoree in 2015.

text:
Academy Awards:

1961: Best Actress in a Supporting Role – West Side Story

Emmy Awards:

1977: Outstanding Continuing or Single Performance by a Supporting Actress in Variety or Music – The Muppet Show
1978: Outstanding Lead Actress for a Single Appearance in a Drama or Comedy Series – The Rockford Files for the episode "The Paper Palace"

Grammy Awards:

1972: Best Recording for Children – The Electric Company

Tony Awards:

1975: Best Featured or Supporting Actress in a Play – The Ritz

text: John Gielgud[edit]

text: John Gielgud (1904–2000), an actor, received his fourth distinct award in 1991. Between 1948 and 1991, Gielgud received a total of six awards. Gielgud was the first winner to win any award other than the Oscar as their first award (his first award was a Tony). At age 87 when he won his Emmy, he was also the oldest winner.

text:
Academy Awards:

1981: Best Actor in a Supporting Role – Arthur

Emmy Awards:

1991: Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Special – Summer's Lease

Grammy Awards:

1979: Best Spoken Word, Documentary or Drama Recording – Ages of Man

Tony Awards:

1948: Outstanding Foreign Company – The Importance of Being Earnest
1961: Best Director of a Drama – Big Fish, Little Fish

Special Awards:

1959: Special Tony Award "for contribution to theatre for his extraordinary insight into the writings of Shakespeare as demonstrated in his one-man play Ages of Man"

text: Audrey Hepburn[edit]

text: Audrey Hepburn (1929–1993), an actress, received her fourth distinct award posthumously in 1994. Between 1953 and 1994, Hepburn received a total of six awards. She was the fifth person to complete the feat and the first to do so posthumously. She was also the first winner to win two of their awards in consecutive awards shows (the 1994 Grammys were the first Grammys since her posthumous win at the 1993 Emmys). She is one of the only two EGOT winners (the other being Jonathan Tunick) to not win multiple awards in any of the four award fields.

text:
Academy Awards:

1953: Best Actress in a Leading Role – Roman Holiday

Emmy Awards:

1993: Outstanding Individual Achievement, Informational Programming – Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn

Grammy Awards:

1994: Best Spoken Word Album for Children – Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales

Tony Awards:

1954: Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play – Ondine

Special Awards:

1968: Special Tony Award, Special Achievement Award
1993: Special Academy Award, Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award

text: Marvin Hamlisch[edit]

text: Marvin Hamlisch (1944–2012), a composer, received his fourth distinct award in 1995. Between 1973 and 2001, Hamlisch received a total of 12 awards. Hamlisch has the most Oscars of any Grand Slam winners (three). In 1974 he became the first winner to have won a "General Field" Grammy – taking Song of the Year and Best New Artist. He was also the first Grand Slam winner to have won multiple legs of the feat for the same work – an Oscar and a Grammy for song "The Way We Were".

text:
Academy Awards:

1973: Best Music, Original Dramatic Score – The Way We Were
1973: Best Music, Original Song – "The Way We Were"
1973: Best Music, Scoring Original Song Score and/or Adaptation – The Sting

Emmy Awards:

1995: Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music Direction – Barbra: The Concert
1995: Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music and Lyrics – Barbra: The Concert
1999: Outstanding Music and Lyrics – AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies
2001: Outstanding Music Direction – Timeless: Live in Concert

Grammy Awards:

1974: Song of the Year – "The Way We Were"
1974: Best New Artist of the Year
1974: Best Pop Instrumental Performance – The Entertainer
1974: Album of Best Original Score Written for a Motion Picture or a Television Special – The Way We Were

Tony Awards:

1976: Best Musical Score – A Chorus Line

text: Jonathan Tunick[edit]

text: Jonathan Tunick (born 1938), a composer, conductor, and music arranger, received his fourth distinct award in 1997. Between 1977 and 1997, Tunick received a total of four awards. Tunick is the first Grand Slam winner to have won an Emmy as their second award as well as the first to win the Tony as their fourth award. He is also the second person (after Audrey Hepburn) to not win any multiple awards in any of the four award fields.

text:
Academy Awards:

1977: Best Music, Original Song Score and Its Adaptation or Best Adaptation Score – A Little Night Music

Emmy Awards:

1982: Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction – Night of 100 Stars

Grammy Awards:

1988: Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocals – "No One is Alone," Cleo Laine

Tony Awards:

1997: Best Orchestrations – Titanic

text: Mel Brooks[edit]

text: Mel Brooks (born 1926), a director, writer and actor, received his fourth distinct award in June 2001. Between 1968 and 2002, Brooks received a total of 11 awards.[11] Brooks was the first person to win the Emmy as the first award, and the first winner to have won his Oscar for screenwriting.

text:
Academy Awards:

1968: Best Writing, Story and Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen – The Producers

Emmy Awards:

1967: Outstanding Writing Achievement in Variety – The Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, Carl Reiner, Howard Morris Special
1997: Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series – Mad About You
1998: Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series – Mad About You
1999: Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series – Mad About You

Grammy Awards:

1998: Best Spoken Comedy Album – The 2000 Year Old Man in the Year 2000
2002: Best Long Form Music Video – Recording 'The Producers': A Musical Romp with Mel Brooks
2002: Best Musical Show Album – The Producers

Tony Awards:

2001: Best Book of a Musical – The Producers
2001: Best Original Score – The Producers
2001: Best Musical – The Producers

text: When he appeared on January 30, 2015 episode of Real Time with Bill Maher, Brooks called himself an EGOTAK, noting that he had also received awards from the American Film Institute and Kennedy Center.

text: Mike Nichols[edit]

text: Mike Nichols (1931–2014), a director, received his fourth distinct award in November 2001. Between 1961 and 2012, Nichols received a total of 15 awards. Nichols was the first slam winner to win the Grammy as their first award, the first winner to have won multiple awards (an Oscar, several Tonys, and two Emmys) for directing. When counting all awards won—not just the first of each type—Nichols has the longest timespan of awards among Grand Slam winners, at 51 years.

text:
Academy Awards:

1967: Best Director – The Graduate

Emmy Awards:

2001: Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special – Wit
2001: Outstanding Made for Television Movie – Wit (as Executive Producer)
2004: Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special – Angels in America
2004: Outstanding Miniseries – Angels in America (as Executive Producer)

Grammy Awards:

1961: Best Comedy Performance – An Evening With Mike Nichols And Elaine May

Tony Awards:

1964: Best Director, Dramatic – Barefoot in the Park
1965: Best Director, Dramatic – Luv and The Odd Couple
1968: Best Director, Dramatic – Plaza Suite
1972: Best Director, Dramatic – The Prisoner of Second Avenue
1977: Best Musical – Annie (as producer)
1984: Best Director, Play – The Real Thing
1984: Best Play – The Real Thing (as producer)
2005: Best Director, Musical – Monty Python's Spamalot
2012: Best Director, Play – Death of a Salesman

text: Whoopi Goldberg[edit]

text: Whoopi Goldberg (born 1955), an actress, comedian and talk-show host, received her fourth distinct award in 2002. Between 1985 and 2009, Goldberg received a total of 6 awards.[12] Goldberg is the first African American winner, the first to win the Oscar as their second award, and the first to win two of their awards in the same year (she won both her first Daytime Emmy and her Tony in 2002).

text:
Academy Awards:

1990: Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Ghost

Daytime Emmy Awards:

2002: Outstanding Special Class Special – Beyond Tara: The Extraordinary Life of Hattie McDaniel (Host)
2009: Outstanding Talk Show Host – The View

Grammy Awards:

1985: Best Comedy Recording – Whoopi Goldberg: Original Broadway Show Recording

Tony Awards:

2002: Best Musical – Thoroughly Modern Millie

Special Awards:

1997: Special Emmy Award, Governors Award, for the seven Comic Relief Benefit Specials

text: Notes: Although she has never won a competitive Primetime Emmy award, she has been nominated several times. The fact that she does not have a competitive Primetime Emmy Award has led to debate over her inclusion in the "official list." In the 30 Rock episode "Dealbreakers Talk Show*#0001", Goldberg (playing herself) addresses this when questioned by character Tracy Jordan about her Daytime Emmy: "It still counts! Girl's gotta eat!"

text: Scott Rudin[edit]

text: Scott Rudin (born 1958) received his fourth distinct award in 2012. Between 1984 and 2017, Rudin received a total of 18 awards making him the record holder for most awards won among the people who have won all four awards in competitive categories. Rudin is the first winner who is primarily a producer.

text:
Academy Awards:

2007: Best Picture – No Country For Old Men

Primetime Emmy Awards:

1984: Outstanding Children's Program – He Makes Me Feel Like Dancin'

Grammy Awards:

2012: Best Musical Theater Album – The Book of Mormon: Original Broadway Cast Recording

Tony Awards:

1994: Best Musical – Passion
2000: Best Play – Copenhagen
2002: Best Play – The Goat, or Who Is Sylvia?
2005: Best Play – Doubt
2006: Best Play – The History Boys
2009: Best Play – God of Carnage
2010: Best Revival of a Play – Fences
2011: Best Musical – The Book of Mormon
2012: Best Revival of a Play – Death of a Salesman
2014: Best Revival of a Play – A Raisin in the Sun
2015: Best Play – The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time
2015: Best Revival of a Play – Skylight
2016: Best Play – The Humans
2016: Best Revival of a Play – A View From the Bridge
2017: Best Revival of a Musical – Hello, Dolly!

text: Robert Lopez[edit]

text: Robert Lopez (born 1975), a songwriter, received his fourth distinct award in 2014. Between 2004 and 2015, Lopez received a total of 9 awards. Like fellow EGOT winner Whoopi Goldberg, his Emmy awards are Daytime Emmys (although he has been nominated for a competitive Primetime Emmy award). Lopez is the youngest winner to receive all four awards in competitive categories, as well as the fastest to complete his qualifying run of EGOT award wins (10 years), and has the shortest time to complete any run of EGOT wins (4 years). He received his Grammy Award for The Book of Mormon in collaboration with fellow EGOT winner Scott Rudin (among others), making them the first pair of Grand Slam winners to have been co-winners of the same award. Lopez is also the first person to have won the Oscar last, which he won with his wife Kristen Anderson-Lopez.[13] He is also the second Grand Slam winner, behind Marvin Hamlisch, to have won multiple legs of the feat for the same work – an Oscar and a Grammy for the song "Let It Go."

text:
Academy Awards

2014: Best Original Song - "Let It Go" from Frozen

Daytime Emmy Awards

2008: Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction and Composition - Wonder Pets
2010: Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction and Composition - Wonder Pets

Grammy Awards

2012: Best Musical Theater Album - The Book of Mormon: Original Broadway Cast Recording
2015: Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media - Frozen
2015: Best Song Written for Visual Media - "Let It Go" from Frozen

Tony Awards

2004: Best Original Score - Avenue Q
2011: Best Book of a Musical - The Book of Mormon
2011: Best Original Score - The Book of Mormon

text: Qualifying awards summary (including non-competitive awards)[edit]

text: The following artists have also received all of the four major awards. However, in each case, one of these awards has been received only in an honorary or other non-competitive category. (Streisand has never received a competitive Tony, Minnelli has never received a competitive Grammy, Menken has never received a competitive Emmy and Belafonte and Jones have never received a competitive Oscar.)

text: Barbra Streisand[edit]

text: Barbra Streisand (born 1942), a singer and actress, received her fourth distinct award in 1970. Between 1963 and 2001, Streisand received a total of 18 awards. Having completed the showbiz Grand Slam at age 28, she is the youngest winner, and with just six years elapsing between her first award (a 1964 Grammy) and her final award (a 1970 Special Tony), Streisand also completed the Grand Slam in the shortest amount of time. She is also the only winner to have won an Oscar in both a music and an acting category. She is also the only winner to have won all of her competitive awards for her debut performances (her first musical album, feature film and television special, respectively). In addition, she also received the AFI Life Achievement Award, the Kennedy Center Honor, the Cecil B. DeMille Award, the National Medal of Arts, the American Society of Cinematographers Board of Governors Award, the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

text: Academy Awards:

text:
1968: Best Actress in a Leading Role – Funny Girl
1976: Best Music, Song – "Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"

text: Emmy Awards:

text:
1965: Outstanding Individual Achievements in Entertainment – Actors and Performers – My Name is Barbra
1995: Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program – Barbra Streisand: The Concert
1995: Outstanding Variety, Music or Comedy Special – Barbra Streisand: The Concert
2001: Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program – Timeless: Live in Concert

text: Grammy Awards:

text:
1964: Best Vocal Performance, Female – The Barbra Streisand Album
1964: Album Of The Year (Other Than Classical) – The Barbra Streisand Album
1965: Best Vocal Performance, Female – "People" (from the musical Funny Girl)
1966: Best Vocal Performance, Female – My Name Is Barbra
1977: Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female – "Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
1977: Song Of The Year, "Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)"
1980: Best Pop Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal – "Guilty" (with Barry Gibb)
1986: Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female – The Broadway Album
1992: Special Grammy Award: Grammy Legend Award (non-competitive)
1995: Special Grammy Award: Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (non-competitive)

text: Tony Awards:

text: 1970: Special Tony Award: Star of the Decade (non-competitive)

text: Liza Minnelli[edit]

text: Liza Minnelli (born 1946), an actress and singer, received her fourth distinct award in 1990. Between 1965 and 2009, Minnelli received a total of 7 awards.

text: Academy Awards:

text: 1972: Best Actress in a Leading Role (Cabaret)

text: Emmy Awards:

text: 1973: Outstanding Single Program − Variety and Popular Music (Liza with a 'Z'. A Concert for Television)

text: Grammy Awards:

text: 1990: Special Grammy Award: Grammy Legend Award (non-competitive)

text: Tony Awards:

text:
1965: Best Leading Actress in a Musical (Flora the Red Menace)
1974: Special Tony Award for "adding lustre to the Broadway season" (non-competitive)
1978: Best Leading Actress in a Musical (The Act)
2009: Best Special Theatrical Event (Liza's at The Palace...!)

text: James Earl Jones[edit]

text: James Earl Jones (born 1931), an actor, received his fourth distinct award in 2011. Between 1969 and 2011, Jones received a total of 7 awards.

text: Academy Awards:

text: 2011: Academy Honorary Award (non-competitive)

text: Emmy Awards:

text:
1991: Outstanding Lead Actor − Drama Series (Gabriel's Fire)
1991: Outstanding Supporting Actor − Miniseries or a Movie (Heat Wave)

text: Daytime Emmy Awards:

text: 2000: Outstanding Performer − Children's Special (Summer's End)

text: Grammy Awards:

text: 1977: Best Spoken Word Recording (Great American Documents)

text: Tony Awards:

text:
1969: Best Leading Actor in a Play (The Great White Hope)
1987: Best Leading Actor in a Play (Fences)
2017: Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre (non-competitive)

text: Alan Menken[edit]

text: Alan Menken (born 1949), composer and songwriter, received his fourth distinct award in 2012. Between 1989 and 2012, Menken received a total of 21 awards. He has the most Oscar wins (8) by a grand slam winner and is the second most prolific Oscar winner in the music categories after Alfred Newman. He is also notable for frequently having multiple songs from the same film nominated for major awards.

text: Academy Awards:

text:
1989: Best Original Score – The Little Mermaid
1989: Best Original Song – "Under the Sea" from The Little Mermaid
1991: Best Original Score – Beauty and the Beast
1991: Best Original Song – "Beauty and the Beast" from Beauty and the Beast
1992: Best Original Score – Aladdin
1992: Best Original Song – "A Whole New World" from Aladdin
1995: Best Original Musical or Comedy Score – Pocahontas
1995: Best Original Song – "Colors of the Wind" from Pocahontas

text: Emmy Awards:

text: 1990: Outstanding contribution to the success of the Academy's anti-drug special for children – "Wonderful Ways to Say No" from the TV special Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue (non-competitive)

text: Grammy Awards:

text:
1991: Best Recording for Children – The Little Mermaid: Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack
1991: Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television – "Under the Sea" from The Little Mermaid
1993: Best Musical Album for Children – Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
1993: Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television – Beauty and the Beast: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
1993: Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television – "Beauty and the Beast" from Beauty and the Beast
1993: Song of the Year – "A Whole New World (Aladdin's Theme)" from Aladdin
1993: Best Musical Album for Children – Aladdin: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
1993: Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television – Aladdin: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
1993: Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television – "A Whole New World" from Aladdin
1996: Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television – "Colors of the Wind" from Pocahontas
2012: Best Song Written for Visual Media – "I See the Light" from Tangled

text: Tony Awards:

text: 2012: Best Original Score – Newsies

text: Harry Belafonte[edit]

text: Harry Belafonte (born 1927), an actor, received his fourth distinct award in 2014. Between 1953 and 2014, Belafonte received a total of 6 awards.

text: Academy Awards:

text: 2014: Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award (non-competitive)

text: Emmy Awards:

text: 1960: Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program (Tonight with Belafonte - The Revlon Revue)

text: Grammy Awards:

text:
1961: Best Performance Folk – Swing Dat Hammer
1966: Best Folk Performance – An Evening With Belafonte/Makeba
2000: Grammy Hall of Fame Award

text: Tony Awards:

text: 1953: Best Featured Actor in a Musical – John Murray Anderson's Almanac

text: Quincy Jones[edit]

text: Quincy Jones (born 1933), an American record producer, actor and composer, received his fourth distinct award in 2016. Between 1964 and 2016, Jones received a total of 31 awards — the highest number of awards of any grand slam winner. He also has the most Grammy wins (28) by a grand slam winner.

text: Academy Awards:

text: 1994: Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award (non-competitive)

text: Emmy Awards:

text: 1977: Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (for Roots)

text: Grammy Awards:

text:
1964: Best Instrumental Arrangement – "I Can't Stop Loving You"
1970: Best Instrumental Jazz Performance - Large Group Or Soloist With Large Group – Walking in Space
1972: Best Pop Instrumental Performance – Smackwater Jack
1974: Best Instrumental Arrangement – "Summer in the City"
1979: Best Instrumental Arrangement – "The Wiz Main Title (Overture, Part One)"
1981: Best Instrumental Arrangement – "Dinorah, Dinorah"
1982: Producer Of The Year
1982: Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s) – "Ai No Corrida"
1982: Best Arrangement On An Instrumental Recording – "Velas"
1982: Best Cast Show Album – Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music
1982: Best R&B Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal – The Dude
1984: Producer Of The Year (Non-Classical)
1984: Best Recording For Children – E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial
1984: Album Of The Year – Thriller
1984: Record Of The Year – "Beat It"
1985: Best Arrangements On An Instrumental – "Grace (Gymnastics Theme)"
1986: Best Music Video, Short Form – "We Are the World – The Video Event"
1986: Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal – "We Are the World"
1986: Record Of The Year – "We Are the World"
1990: Producer Of The Year (Non-Classical)
1990: Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s) – "The Places You Find Love"
1990: Best Arrangement On An Instrumental – "Birdland"
1990: Best Jazz Fusion Performance – "Birdland"
1990: Best Rap Performance By A Duo Or Group – "Back on the Block"
1990: Album Of The Year – Back on the Block
1991: Grammy Legend Award
1994: Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance – Miles & Quincy Live At Montreux
2002: Best Spoken Word Album – Q: The Autobiography Of Quincy Jones

text: Tony Awards:

text: 2016: Best Revival of a Musical (The Color Purple)

text: Three competitive awards[edit]

text: The following people have each won three out of the four major entertainment awards in competitive categories.[14]

text:
Missing a Tony Award

John Addison†
Julie Andrews[note 1]◊
Burt Bacharach◊
Alan Bergman
Marilyn Bergman
George Burns†
Cher
Common
Michael Giacchino
Brian Grazer◊
Ron Howard
James Moll
Randy Newman
Sid Ramin
Martin Scorsese
Barbra Streisand◊, NCA
Peter Ustinov†, ◊
John Williams
Robin Williams†
Kate Winslet

Missing a Grammy Award

Jack Albertson†, TC
Anne Bancroft†, TC
Ingrid Bergman†, TC
Shirley Booth†, TC
Ralph Burns†
Ellen BurstynTC
Viola DavisTC
Melvyn Douglas†, TC
Bob Fosse[note 2]†
Jeremy Irons◊, TC
Jessica LangeTC
Frances McDormandTC
Liza Minnelli◊, NCA
Helen MirrenTC
Thomas Mitchell†, TC
Al PacinoTC
Christopher Plummer[note 3]TC
Vanessa RedgraveTC
Jason Robards†, TC
Geoffrey RushTC
Paul Scofield†, TC
Maggie SmithTC
Maureen Stapleton†, TC
Jessica Tandy†, TC
Tony Walton[note 4]

Missing an Emmy Award

Henry Fonda†, ◊
Oscar Hammerstein II†, P
Elton John
John Legend
Alan Jay Lerner†
Andrew Lloyd Webber
Frank Loesser†, P
Alan Menken◊, NCA
Tim Rice
Stephen SondheimP
Jule Styne†

Missing an Academy Award (Oscar)

Harry BelafonteNCA
Leonard Bernstein†, ◊
Jerry Bock†
Martin Charnin
Cy Coleman†, ◊
Fred Ebb†, ◊
Cynthia Erivo
Anne Garefino
Julie Harris†, ◊
James Earl Jones◊, NCA
Quincy Jones◊, NCA
John Kander◊
Cyndi Lauper
Audra McDonald
Bette Midler◊
Lin-Manuel Miranda[note 5]◊, P
Cynthia Nixon
Trey Parker[note 6]◊
Marc Shaiman◊
Bill Sherman[16]
Matt Stone
Charles Strouse
Lily Tomlin◊
Dick Van Dyke
James Whitmore†, ◊

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ In 1996, Julie Andrews refused a Tony Award nomination for her role in Victor/Victoria in protest that the production received no other nominations.[15] She was also Tony-nominated for My Fair Lady and Camelot.
Jump up ^ Bob Fosse won all three awards in the same year, 1973.
Jump up ^ With his 2012 Oscar win, Plummer became the oldest (82) to win the “Triple Crown Of Acting”
Jump up ^ Tony Walton is the only costume/set designer to win three different awards.
Jump up ^ Miranda would also be the first MacArthur Fellow to win the EGOT
Jump up ^ Trey Parker placed second in the narrative/dramatic division of 1993's Student Academy Awards for his college short American History.

text: Three awards (non-competitive)[edit]

text: In addition to the above winners, the following people have each won three out of the four major entertainment awards in either competitive categories or non-competitive special and honorary categories.

text:
Howard Ashman won two competitive Oscars, five competitive Grammy Awards, and a Special Award for outstanding contribution to the success of the Academy of Television Arts and Sciences' anti-drug special for children.
Fred Astaire won three competitive Emmy awards, a Special Academy Award, and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
Robert Russell Bennett won a competitive Emmy Award, a competitive Oscar, and two Special Tony Awards.
Irving Berlin won an Academy Award, a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and a competitive Tony award.
Carol Burnett won 6 competitive Emmy awards, a competitive Grammy, and a Special Tony award.
Walt Disney won 26 competitive Academy Awards, seven competitive Emmy Awards, and a Grammy Trustees Award.
Ray Dolby won an Academy Scientific and Technical Award, two Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards, and a Special Merit/Technical Grammy Award.
Judy Garland won an Academy Juvenile Award, two competitive Grammy Awards, and a Special Tony Award.
Eileen Heckart won a competitive Academy Award, a competitive Emmy Award, and a Special Tony Award.
Barry Manilow won two competitive Emmy Awards, a competitive Grammy Award, and a Special Tony Award.
Steve Martin won the Honorary Academy Award, a competitive Emmy Award, and five competitive Grammy Awards.
Stephen Schwartz won three competitive Oscars, three competitive Grammys and the Isabelle Stevenson Award, a non-competitive Tony Award.
Eli Wallach won a competitive Tony Award, a competitive Emmy Award, and an Academy Honorary Award.
Oprah Winfrey won competitive Emmy Awards, a competitive Tony Award, and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award, a non-competitive Academy Award.

text: Four nominations[edit]

text: The following people have not won all four awards in competitive categories, but have received at least one nomination for each of them:

text:
Lynn Ahrens
Alan Alda
Woody Allen
Judith Anderson
Julie Andrews
Howard Ashman*
Elmer Bernstein
Leonard Bernstein
Ralph Burns
Ellen Burstyn
Richard Burton
Sammy Cahn
Keith Carradine
Diahann Carroll
Glenn Close
Cy Coleman
Fred Ebb
Henry Fonda
Jane Fonda
Judy Garland*
Brian Grazer
Joel Grey
Julie Harris
Katharine Hepburn
Jeremy Irons
Hugh Jackman
James Earl Jones
Quincy Jones
John Kander
Angela Lansbury
Michel Legrand
John Lithgow
Kenny Loggins
Steve Martin*
Alan Menken
Bette Midler
Liza Minnelli
Lin-Manuel Miranda
Trey Parker
Dolly Parton
Sidney Poitier
André Previn
Lynn Redgrave
Diana Ross*
Adam Schlesinger
Paul Scofield
Marc Shaiman
Paul Simon
Glenn Slater
Tom Snow
Kevin Spacey
Sting
Barbra Streisand
Meryl Streep
Lily Tomlin
Stanley Tucci
Peter Ustinov
Jimmy Van Heusen
James Whitmore
Paul Williams
Hans Zimmer

text: Notes: While Judy Garland and Diana Ross never received any Tony nominations, they have each won a Special Tony Award, in addition to receiving at least one nomination in competitive categories for each of the other four awards. Howard Ashman has never received an Emmy nomination, but has won an Outstanding contribution to the success of the Academy's anti-drug special for children, in addition to receiving at least one nomination in competitive categories for each of the other four awards. Steve Martin has never received an Oscar nomination, but has won an Academy Honorary Award, in addition to receiving nominations in competitive categories for each of the other four awards. Only one artist, Lynn Redgrave, has been nominated at least once for each of the four awards without winning any.

text: PEGOT[edit]

text: A PEGOT winner is someone who has won all four EGOT awards as well as a Pulitzer Prize.[17]

text: PEGOT winners:

text:
Richard Rodgers
Marvin Hamlisch

text: People who have won a Pulitzer, and are only missing one EGOT award:

text:
Jerry Bock (missing an Oscar)
Oscar Hammerstein II (missing an Emmy)
Frank Loesser (missing an Emmy)
Lin-Manuel Miranda (missing an Oscar)
Stephen Sondheim (missing an Emmy)

text: Of these five, only Miranda and Sondheim are still alive. Miranda was nominated for a 2017 Oscar for Best Original Song but did not win.


document_title: Jacob and Esau

question_text: who sold their birthright for a bowl of soup

text: Jacob and Esau

text: Birthright[edit]

text: In Genesis, Esau returned to his brother, Jacob, being famished from the fields. He begged his twin brother to give him some "red pottage" (paralleling his nickname, Hebrew: אדום (adom, meaning "red"). Jacob offered to give Esau a bowl of stew in exchange for his birthright (the right to be recognized as firstborn) and Esau agreed.[3]

text: The birthright has to do with inheritance of goods and position both. The historical account is of biblical nature. Esau acts impulsively. As he did not value his birthright over a bowl of lentil stew, by his actions, Esau demonstrates that he does not deserve to be the one who continues Abraham's responsibilities and rewards under God's covenant, since he does not have the steady, thoughtful qualities which are required.[4]

text: Jacob shows his wiliness as well as his greater intelligence and forethought. What he does is not quite honorable, though not illegal. The birthright benefit that he gains is at least partially valid, although he is insecure enough about it to conspire later with his mother to deceive his father so as to gain the blessing for the first-born as well.[4][how?]

text: Later, Esau marries two wives, both Hittite women, that is, locals, in violation of Abraham's (and God's) injunction not to take wives from among the Canaanite population. Again, one gets the sense of a headstrong person who acts impulsively, without sufficient thought (Genesis 26:34–35). His marriage is described as a vexation to both Rebekah and Isaac. Even his father, who has strong affection for him, is hurt by his act. This action alone forever rules out Esau as the bearer of patriarchal continuity. Esau could have overcome the sale of his birthright; Isaac was still prepared to give him the blessing due the firstborn. But acquiring foreign wives meant the detachment of his children from the Abrahamic line. Despite the deception on the part of Jacob and his mother to gain Isaac's patriarchal blessing, Jacob's vocation as Isaac's legitimate heir in the continued founding of the Jewish people is reaffirmed. Daniel J. Elazar suggests that the Bible indicates that a bright, calculating person who, at times, is less than honest, is preferable as a founder over a bluff, impulsive one who cannot make discriminating choices.[4]

text: Hunted[edit]

text: Esau is furious and vows to kill Jacob (Genesis 27:41). Rebekah intervenes to save her younger son Jacob from being murdered by her elder son, Esau.[5] At Rebekah's urging, Jacob flees to a distant land to work for his mother's brother, Laban (Genesis 28:5).

text: Jacob does not immediately receive his father's inheritance. Jacob, having fled for his life, leaves behind the wealth of Isaac's flocks and land and tents in Esau's hands. Jacob is forced to sleep out on the open ground and then work for wages as a servant in Laban's household. Jacob, who had deceived his father, is in turn deceived and cheated by his relative Laban concerning Jacob's seven years of service (lacking money for a dowry) for the hand of Laban's daughter Rachel, receiving his younger daughter Leah instead.[6] However, despite Laban, Jacob eventually becomes so rich as to incite the envy of Laban and Laban's sons.

text: Reconciliation[edit]

text: Genesis 32–33 tells of Jacob and Esau's eventual meeting according to God's commandment in Genesis 31:3, 32:10 after Jacob had spent more than 20 years staying with Laban in Padan-Aram. The two men prepare for their meeting like warriors about to enter into battle. Jacob divides his family into two camps such that if one is taken the other might escape (Genesis 32:8-9). Jacob sends messengers to Esau, as well as gifts meant to appease him.[6] Jacob gets the name Israel after he wrestles with the Angel of God as he is traveling to Esau. His hip is knocked out of joint but he keeps on wrestling and gains the name.[7] After the encounter with the angel, Jacob crosses over the ford Jabbok and encounters Esau who seems initially pleased to see him (Genesis 33:4), which attitude of favour Jacob fosters by means of his gift. Esau refuses the gift at first but Jacob humbles himself before his brother and presses him to take it, which he finally does (Genesis 33:3, 33:10-11). However, Jacob evidently does not trust his brother's favour to continue for long so he makes excuses to avoid traveling to Mount Seir in Esau's company (Genesis 33:12-14), and he further evades Esau's attempt to put his own men among Jacob's bands (Genesis 33:15-16), and finally completes the deception of his brother yet again by going to Succoth and then to Shalem, a city of Shechem, instead of following Esau at a distance to Seir (Genesis 33:16-20). The next time Jacob and Esau meet is at the burial of their father, Isaac, in Hebron (Genesis 35:27-29). The so-called reconciliation is thus only superficial and temporary.

text: Views of the Birthright[edit]

text: The narrative of Esau selling his birthright to Jacob, in Genesis 25, states that Esau despised his birthright. However, it also alludes to Jacob being one who deceives.

text: In Esau's mother and father's eyes, the deception may have been deserved. Rebekah later abets Jacob in receiving his father's blessing disguised as Esau. Isaac then refuses to take Jacob's blessing back after learning he was tricked, and does not give this blessing to Esau but, after Esau begs, gives him an inferior blessing (Genesis 27:34–40).