document_title: Beats Electronics

question_text: when did the first pair of beats come out

text: Beats Electronics

text: History[edit]

text: Formation[edit]

text: The company was formally established in 2006,[9] a time when Iovine perceived two key problems in the music industry: the impact of piracy on music sales and the substandard audio quality provided by Apple's plastic earbuds. Iovine later recalled that Dre said to him: "Man, it's one thing that people steal my music. It's another thing to destroy the feeling of what I've worked on." Iovine sought the opinions of musicians with "great taste", such as M.I.A., Pharrell Williams, will.i.am, and Gwen Stefani during the early developmental stage.[10] Beats initially partnered with Monster Cable, an audio and video component manufacturer based in Brisbane, California, to manufacture and develop the first Beats-branded products, and debuted its first product, Beats by Dr. Dre Studio headphones, in late 2008.

text: To promote its products, Beats primarily relied on endorsements by pop and hip-hop music performers, including product placement within music videos, and partnering with musicians and other celebrities to develop co-branded products.[10][11][12][13] Beats' use of endorsements by musicians helped the company aggressively target the young adult demographics.[14]

text: HTC purchase and non-renewal of Monster contract[edit]

text: In August 2010, mobile phone manufacturer HTC acquired a 50.1% majority share in Beats for US$309 million. The purchase was intended to allow HTC to compete with other cellphone makers by associating themselves with the Beats brand,[15] as the purchase also granted HTC exclusive rights to manufacture smartphones with Beats-branded audio systems.[16] Despite its majority acquisition, HTC allowed Beats to operate as an autonomous company.[16] Luke Wood, President of Beats in May 2014, joined the company in January 2010, when the company was a "licensing business". Wood had previously worked under Iovine at Interscope Records.[1]

text: On January 19, 2012, BusinessWeek reported that Beats and Monster would not renew their production contract and their partnership ceased at the end of 2012. Dre and Iovine subsequently decided to oversee the entire operation of the company, from manufacturing to R&D,[1] and aimed to double its workforce to around 300 employees. Monster would ultimately begin marketing its own competing line of premium headphones aimed towards an older demographic.[11] At the time, neither Dre, Iovine or Wood were experienced in the operation of a company at such a grand level, but Nani Wood explained in 2014:

text: I didn't have manufacturing experience, but I had experience of building something from scratch … Every time we put out an album, it was basically like building a new business--a unique cast of characters, unique challenges and opportunities, and trying to figure out a unique path to market.[1]

text: In October 2012, Beats unveiled its first two self-developed products, "Beats Executive" headphones and "Beats Pill" wireless speakers—Iovine believed that the company would now have to "control [its] own destiny" in order to continue its growth. Iovine also commented on how other headphone makers had attempted to emulate Beats' celebrity endorsement business model (including Monster themselves, who unveiled Earth, Wind and Fire and Miles Davis-themed headphones at the 2012 Consumer Electronics Show),[11] stating that "some of our competitors are cheap engineers who have never been to a recording studio. You can't just stick someone's name on a headphone that doesn't know anything about sound."[11][17][18] Following the decision to transform Beats into an autonomous entity, the company's revenues reached the US$1-billion mark, according to Iovine.[1]

text: HTC sale and Beats Music[edit]

text: In July 2012, HTC sold back half of its stake in Beats for US$150 million, remaining the largest shareholder with 25.1 percent.[19] The sale was intended to provide "flexibility for global expansion while maintaining HTC’s major stake and commercial exclusivity in mobile."[15] In August 2013, reports surfaced that Beats' founders planned to buy back HTC's remaining minority stake in the company, and pursue a new, unspecified partner for a future investment.[20][21]

text: On September 27, 2013, HTC confirmed that it would sell its remaining 24.84% stake in Beats back to the company for US$265 million. Concurrently, Beats announced that the Carlyle Group would make a US$500 million minority investment in the company.[22][23] The overall deal valued Beats Electronics at US$1 billion[7] and helped HTC turn a net profit of US$10.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2013, following HTC's first quarterly loss in company history.[24]

text: The appointment of a new chief operating officer (COO), a role previously filled by Wood,[1] was announced in early November 2013. Matthew Costello, formerly of IKEA and HTC, was formally appointed into the role in May 2014.[25][26]

text: On January 21, 2014, the company launched Beats Music, a subscription-based online music streaming service.[27] Prior to the launch of the service, Beats stated that it intends to provide a different type of streaming experience to what was available on the market at the time. Additionally, the service would only be available to consumers in the U.S. at inception.[28] Chief executive of Beats at the time, Ian Rogers, said:

text: We wanted to build a music service that combined the freedom of an on-demand subscription service—unlimited, uninterrupted streaming and downloads of tens of millions of songs – but layer on top features that would give you that feeling only music that moves you can give. The right song at the right time will give you a chill. Make you pull someone close. Nod your head. Sing in the mirror. Roll down the car window and crank the volume to the right.[28]

text: product of Apple (2014–present)[edit]

text: On May 8, 2014, the Financial Times reported that Apple was in negotiations with Beats to purchase the company for US$3.2 billion—the largest purchase in Apple's history, ahead of its US$429 million purchase of NeXT in 1996.[29] The impending deal was prematurely and indirectly revealed in a photo and YouTube video posted to Facebook by Tyrese Gibson on May 8, 2014; the video documented a celebration in which Gibson and Dr. Dre made boasting remarks about the acquisition, with Dre declaring himself the "first billionaire in hip hop", while Gibson declared that the "Forbes list" had changed. Both the photo and video were removed from Facebook the following morning, but both remain on Gibson's YouTube channel.[1][30] Indeed, analysts estimated that the rumored deal would make Dr. Dre the first billionaire in the hip-hop music industry in terms of net worth, assuming that he held at least 15% ownership in the company prior to the deal. Dr. Dre was listed with a net worth of US$550 million on Forbes' The World's Billionaires 2014 list. It was also estimated that the Carlyle Group would receive a profit of US$1 billion from its minority stake in the company.[22][31][32]

text: On May 28, 2014, Apple officially announced its intention to acquire Beats Electronics for US$3 billion—with $400 million to be paid in Apple stock and the remainder in cash. Some reports suggested that the reduction in value may have been a result of lower-than-expected subscriber numbers for the Beats Music service.[1] Iovine felt that Beats had always "belonged" with Apple, as the company modeled itself after Apple's "unmatched ability to marry culture and technology." In regard to the deal, Apple CEO Tim Cook stated that "Music is such an important part of all of our lives and holds a special place within our hearts at Apple. That’s why we have kept investing in music and are bringing together these extraordinary teams so we can continue to create the most innovative music products and services in the world." Beyond stocking Beats products at its retail outlets, Apple did not provide any further indications over how Beats would be integrated into its product line at the time, and whether Beats Music, which competed with Apple's own iTunes Radio service, would continue to operate after the finalization of the acquisition.[33][34][35]

text: The acquisition closed on August 1, 2014; to eliminate redundancy, Apple planned to lay off 200 workers from Beats' workforce of around 700.[36][37] Beats Music was discontinued effective immediately with the launch of Apple Music on June 30, 2015.[38][39]

text: Bose lawsuit[edit]

text: In July 2014, Bose Corporation sued Beats Electronics, alleging that its "Studio" line incorporated noise cancellation technology that infringed five patents held by the company. Bose has also sought an injunction which would ban the infringing products from being imported or sold in the United States.[40][41] The lawsuit was settled out of court. Apple pulled all Bose products from its retail outlets, although it is unclear whether it was in response to the lawsuit, an ambush marketing conflict involving Beats and the NFL (which had recently named Bose as one of its official sponsors, and thus fined a player for displaying the Beats logo during an official activity), or as a result of Apple's acquisition of Beats.[42] However, two months later, Bose products returned to the shelves of Apple Stores. The companies settled in October 2014: details were not disclosed.[43]

text: Monster lawsuit[edit]

text: In January 2015, Monster Inc. sued Beats for fraud, alleging that the company had used illicit tactics to force Monster out of the venture whilst retaining rights to the technologies and products that it had co-developed, and engaged in collusion to harm Monster's own audio products business. Monster argued that the acquisition of Beats by HTC and its founders' subsequent buyback was a "sham" to take control of Monster's stake in the company—which could have been valued at over $100 million in the Apple purchase, that the company had "concealed" the role of Monster and its CEO Noel Lee in the design and engineering of its products, and that "had the partnership expired on its own terms, there would have been no transfer of Monster's years of work [onto the company]." Monster also alleged that Beats had partaken in anti-competitive practices with retailers to force those offering Beats products to not offer Monster's competing products.[44][45][46]

text: In June 2015, the Wall Street Journal reported that in retaliation for the lawsuit, Apple Inc. revoked Monster's membership in the MFi Program on May 5, 2015, meaning that Monster can no longer manufacture licensed accessories for iPhone, iPod and iPad products, and must cease the sale of existing licensed products that contain the certification or technology licensed through the program by September 2015.[47]

text: The case was dismissed in August 2016, with a Supreme Court ruling that Beats "had the right to terminate the agreement as of January 7th, 2013 or when there was a transaction resulting in a change of control of Beats", and that Monster "did not obtain the right to approve the change of control. Nor did the agreement require that any change of control had to be objectively reasonable".[48]

text: Products[edit]

text: Personal audio[edit]

text: Beats' original product line were Beats by Dre headphones. In promotional materials, Dre outlined the line's advantages by alleging that listeners were not able to hear "all" of the music with most headphones, and that Beats would allow people to "hear what the artists hear, and listen to the music the way they should: the way I do." In comparison to most headphones, Beats products were characterized by an emphasis towards producing larger amounts of bass, and are particularly optimized towards hip-hop and pop music.[8][49][50] In October 2012, Beats unveiled its first two self-developed products, the Beats Executive noise-cancelling headphones (to compete with similar offerings by Bose and Sennheiser) and the Beats Pill portable speaker.[11][18] In October 2015, Beats launched a new collection of speakers including the upgraded Beats Pill+ Speaker.[51]

text: Beats Audio[edit]

text: The company has also licensed the Beats brand, under the name Beats Audio (rendered beats audio), and technology to other manufacturers. In 2009, HP began to offer personal computers equipped with Beats Audio systems, beginning with its HP Envy line.[52] The system features a software equalizer with a preset that HP marketed as being optimized for higher quality sound output.[53] Beats Electronics ceased its partnership with HP following its purchase by Apple Inc.; HP subsequently entered into a similar agreement with Bang & Olufsen.[54]

text: Following its acquisition of a stake in the company, most new HTC smartphones began to be released with Beats Audio software, beginning with the HTC Sensation XE/XL with Beats Audio in September 2011.[55] The software was to be included in most new HTC devices, such as the One series.[56][57][58] The Sensation XE and Rezound were also bundled with Beats by Dre earbuds, but HTC abandoned the practice on future devices. A HTC product executive claimed that despite the prominence of the Beats brand, "an accessory like the headphone doesn't factor in when someone is buying a smartphone."[59]

text: Car audio[edit]

text: In 2011, Beats reached a deal with Chrysler LLC to feature Beats-branded audio systems in its vehicles. The first vehicle under the partnership was its 2012 Chrysler 300S luxury vehicle, which included a 10-speaker Beats by Dr. Dre sound system.[21][60] Beats audio systems have also been included in models from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles' other marques. FCA marques that currently have Beats audio systems available in its vehicles are Dodge, Chrysler, Jeep, and Fiat.[61]

text: Beats Music[edit]

text: On July 2, 2012, Beats announced it had acquired the online music service MOG, in a purchase reported to have been between $10 million to $16 million. Beats stated that the acquisition was part of the company's goal to develop a "truly end-to-end music experience." The acquisition did not include the company's blog and advertising network, the MOG Music Network,[62][63] which was sold in a separate transaction to the broadcasting company Townsquare Media in August 2012.[64]

text: While MOG indicated that it would continue to operate independently with no immediate change in service,[63] Beats subsequently announced a new subscription-based online music service, known as Beats Music, which launched in January 2014. In comparison to its competitors, such as Spotify and Google Play Music, the service emphasizes recommendations by music professionals alongside algorithmic recommendations.[27][65] MOG was shut down on May 31, 2014, and existing users were directed to Beats Music.[66] Beats Music was in turn replaced by Apple Music in June 2015; the service also incorporates a Beats-branded online radio station, Beats 1.[38][39]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Some critics claim that Beats products emphasize appearance over quality and function, arguing that more durable and better-sounding products are available for the same price or lower.[67][68] Tests done on an HTC smartphone with Beats Audio indicated that the audio technology is a combination of audio equalization that boosts the low (bass) and high ends of the audio range,[69] audio compression, and audio amplification.[70] On accusations that Beats' products were "bass heavy", Beats current president denies it, citing that their products are not for reference, but rather for playback.[71]


document_title: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)

question_text: when was one flew over the cuckoo's nest filmed

question_tokens: when was one flew over the cuckoo 's nest filmed

root

text: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1963 Oregon, recidivist criminal Randle McMurphy is moved to a mental institution after serving a short sentence on a prison farm for statutory rape of a 15-year-old. Though not actually mentally ill, McMurphy hopes to avoid hard labor and serve the rest of his sentence in a relaxed environment. Upon arriving at the hospital, he finds the ward run by the steely, strict Nurse Ratched, who subtly suppresses the actions of her patients through a passive-aggressive routine, intimidating the patients.

tag: p

text: The other patients include anxious, stuttering Billy Bibbit; Charlie Cheswick, who is prone to childish tantrums; delusional Martini; the well-educated, paranoid Dale Harding; belligerent Max Taber; epileptic Jim Sefelt; and “Chief” Bromden, a tall Native American believed to be deaf and mute. Ratched soon sees McMurphy’s lively, rebellious presence to be a threat to her authority, confiscating the patients’ cigarettes and rationing them. During his time in the ward, McMurphy gets into a battle of wits with Ratched. He steals a hospital bus, escaping with several patients to go on a fishing trip, encouraging his friends to become more self-confident.

text: McMurphy learns his sentence may become indefinite, and he makes plans to escape, exhorting Chief to throw a hydrotherapy cart through a window. He, Chief, and Cheswick get into a fight with the orderlies after the latter becomes agitated over his stolen cigarettes. Ratched sends them to the “shock shop,” and McMurphy discovers Chief can actually speak, feigning illness to avoid engaging with anyone. After being subjected to electroconvulsive therapy, McMurphy returns to the ward pretending to have brain damage, but reveals the treatment has charged him up even more. McMurphy and Chief make plans to escape, but decide to throw a secret Christmas party for their friends after Ratched leaves for the night.

text: McMurphy sneaks two women, Candy and Rose, into the ward and bribes the night guard. After a night of partying, McMurphy and Chief prepare to escape, inviting Billy to come with them. He refuses, not ready to leave the hospital. McMurphy instead convinces him to have sex with Candy. Ratched arrives in the morning to find the ward in disarray and most of the patients unconscious. She discovers Billy and Candy together, the former now free of his stutter, until Ratched threatens to inform his mother about his escapade. Billy is overwhelmed with fear and locks himself in the doctor’s office and commits suicide. The enraged McMurphy chokes Ratched, before being knocked out by an orderly.

text: Ratched comes back with a neck brace and a scratchy voice. Rumors spread that McMurphy escaped rather than be taken “upstairs.” Later that night, Chief sees McMurphy being returned to his bed. He discovers McMurphy has lobotomy scars on his forehead, and smothers his friend with a pillow. Chief finally throws the hydrotherapy cart through the window and escapes into the night, cheered on by Taber.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jack Nicholson as Randle McMurphy
Louise Fletcher as Nurse Ratched
Will Sampson as "Chief" Bromden
William Redfield as Dale Harding
Brad Dourif as Billy Bibbit
Sydney Lassick as Charlie Cheswick
Christopher Lloyd as Max Taber
Danny DeVito as Martini
Dean Brooks as Dr. John Spivey
William Duell as Jim Sefelt
Vincent Schiavelli as Bruce Frederickson
Michael Berryman as Ellis
Nathan George as Attendant Washington
Marya Small as Candy
Scatman Crothers as Orderly Turkle
Louisa Moritz as Rose
Peter Brocco as Col. Matterson

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Actor Kirk Douglas—who had originated the role of McMurphy in the 1963–64 Broadway stage version of the Ken Kesey novel—had purchased the film rights to the story and tried for a decade to bring it to the big screen, but was unable to find a studio willing to make it with him. Eventually, he gave the rights to his son Michael Douglas, who succeeded in getting the film produced–but the elder Douglas, by then nearly 60, was considered too old for the McMurphy role, which ultimately went to 38-year old Jack Nicholson.

text: Douglas bought in Saul Zaentz as co-producer.[4]

text: The film's first screenwriter, Lawrence Hauben, introduced Douglas to the work of Miloš Forman, whose 1967 Czechoslovak film The Firemen's Ball had the sort of qualities they were looking for. Forman flew to California and went through the script page by page and outlined what he would do, in contrast with other directors who had been approached who were less than forthcoming. Saul Zaentz, a voracious reader, felt an affinity with Kesey, and so after Hauben's first attempt he asked Kesey to write the screenplay, and promised him a piece of the action, but it didn’t work out and ended in a financial dispute.[4]

text: Hal Ashby, who had been an early consideration for director, suggested Jack Nicholson for the role of McMurphy. Production was delayed for about six months because of Nicholson’s schedule. However, Douglas later felt that this ended up as a blessing as it gave more time to get the ensemble right.[4]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Danny DeVito, who was Douglas's oldest friend, was the first to be cast as he had played Martini, one of the patients, in the 1971 off-Broadway production. Douglas found Will Sampson, who played Chief Bromden, through a used car dealer that Douglas was sitting next to on an aircraft. Douglas had told him that they were looking for a big guy to play the chief. He sold a lot of cars to Native Americans and six months later rang Douglas to say: “the biggest sonofabitch Indian came in the other day!”[4]

text: Miloš Forman had considered Shelley Duvall for the role of Candy. While screening Thieves Like Us (1974) to see if she was right for the role, he became interested in Louise Fletcher, who had a supporting role, for the role of Nurse Ratched. A mutual acquaintance, the casting director Fred Roos, had already mentioned her name as a possibility. Even so it took four or five meetings, over a year, (during which the role was offered to other actresses) for Fletcher to secure the role of Nurse Ratched. Her final audition was late in 1974, with Forman, Zaentz and Douglas. The day after Christmas, her agent called to say she was expected at the Oregon State Hospital in Salem on 4 January to begin rehearsals.[5]

text: Rehearsals[edit]

text: Prior to commencement of filming a week of rehearsals started on 4 January 1975 in Oregon, during which the actors watched the patients in their daily routine and at group therapy. Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher also witnessed electroconvulsive therapy on a patient.[4]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Other than Nicholson, the rest of the cast were working for scale, or a little above that.[clarification needed] Fletcher worked for 11 weeks and made $10,000 before taxes.[5]

text: Filming began in January 1975 and concluded approximately three months later, and was shot on location in Salem, Oregon and the surrounding area, as well as on the Oregon coast.[6][7][8]

text: The producers decided to shoot the film in the Oregon State Hospital, an actual mental hospital, as this was also the setting of the novel.[9] The hospital’s director, Dean Brooks, was supportive of the filming and eventually ended up playing the character of Dr. John Spivey in the film. Brooks identified a patient for each of the actors to shadow, and some of the cast even slept on the wards at night. He also wanted to incorporate his patients into the crew, to which the producers agreed. Douglas recalls that it wasn't until later that he found out that many of them were criminally insane.[4]

text: As Forman didn't allow the actors to see the day’s filming, this led to the cast losing confidence in him, while Nicholson also began to wonder about his performance. Douglas convinced Forman to show Nicholson something, which he did, and restored the actor's confidence.[4]

text: Haskell Wexler was fired as cinematographer and replaced by Bill Butler. Wexler believed his dismissal was due to his concurrent work on the documentary Underground, in which the radical terrorist group The Weather Underground were being interviewed while hiding from the law. However, Miloš Forman said he had terminated Wexler over artistic differences. Both Wexler and Butler received Academy Award nominations for Best Cinematography for One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, though Wexler said there was "only about a minute or two minutes in that film I didn't shoot.”[10]

text: According to Butler, Jack Nicholson refused to speak to Forman: "...[Jack] never talked to Miloš at all, he only talked to me."[1]

text: Filming went over the initial budget of $2m and over-schedule, but Saul Zaentz, who was personally financing the movie, was able to fund this by borrowing against his company, Fantasy Records. The movie cost in total $4.4m to make.[4]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film was met with overwhelming critical acclaim; Roger Ebert said "Miloš Forman's One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is a film so good in so many of its parts that there's a temptation to forgive it when it goes wrong. But it does go wrong, insisting on making larger points than its story really should carry, so that at the end, the human qualities of the characters get lost in the significance of it all. And yet there are those moments of brilliance."[11] Ebert would later put the film on his "Great Movies" list.[12] A.D. Murphy of Variety wrote a mixed review as well,[13] as did Vincent Canby: writing in The New York Times, Canby called the film "a comedy that can't quite support its tragic conclusion, which is too schematic to be honestly moving, but it is acted with such a sense of life that one responds to its demonstration of humanity if not to its programmed metaphors."[14]

text: The film opens with original music by composer Jack Nitzsche, featuring an eerie bowed saw (performed by Robert Armstrong) and wine glasses. Commenting on the score, reviewer Steven McDonald has said, "The edgy nature of the film extends into the score, giving it a profoundly disturbing feel at times -- even when it appears to be relatively normal. The music has a tendency to always be a little off-kilter, and from time to time it tilts completely over into a strange little world of its own ..."[15]

text: The film went on to win the "Big Five" Academy Awards at the 48th Oscar ceremony. These include the Best Actor for Jack Nicholson, Best Actress for Louise Fletcher, Best Direction for Forman, Best Picture, and Best Adapted Screenplay for Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman. The film currently has a 95% "Certified Fresh" rating at Rotten Tomatoes with an average rating of 9/10.[16] Its consensus states "The onscreen battle between Jack Nicholson and Louise Fletcher serves as a personal microcosm of the culture wars of the 1970s -- and testament to the director's vision that the film retains its power more than three decades later."

text: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest is considered to be one of the greatest American films. Ken Kesey participated in the early stages of script development, but withdrew after creative differences with the producers over casting and narrative point of view; ultimately he filed suit against the production and won a settlement.[17] Kesey himself claimed never to have seen the movie, but said he disliked what he knew of it,[18] a fact confirmed by Chuck Palahniuk who wrote, "The first time I heard this story, it was through the movie starring Jack Nicholson. A movie that Kesey once told me he disliked."[19]

text: In 1993, this film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in their National Film Registry.[20]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

Academy Award
Academy Award for Best Picture
Michael Douglas and Saul Zaentz
Won

Academy Award for Best Director
Miloš Forman
Won

Academy Award for Best Actor
Jack Nicholson
Won

Academy Award for Best Actress
Louise Fletcher
Won

Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay
Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman
Won

Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
Brad Dourif
Nominated

Academy Award for Best Cinematography
Haskell Wexler and Bill Butler
Nominated

Academy Award for Film Editing
Richard Chew, Lyzee Klingman and Sheldon Kahn
Nominated

Academy Award for Original Music Score
Jack Nitzsche
Nominated

Golden Globe Award
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture - Drama
Michael Douglas and Saul Zaentz
Won

Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Motion Picture
Miloš Forman
Won

Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
Jack Nicholson
Won

Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama
Louise Fletcher
Won

Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay
Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman
Won

Golden Globe Award for New Star of the Year - Actor
Brad Dourif
Won

BAFTA Award
BAFTA Award for Best Film
Michael Douglas and Saul Zaentz
Won

BAFTA Award for Best Direction
Miloš Forman
Won

BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
Jack Nicholson
Won

BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role
Louise Fletcher
Won

BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Brad Dourif
Won

BAFTA Award for Best Editing
Richard Chew, Lynzee Klingman and Sheldon Kahn
Won

BAFTA Award for Best Cinematography
Haskell Wexler and Bill Butler
Nominated

BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay
Lawrence Hauben and Bo Goldman
Nominated

tag: table

text: Others[edit]

text: American Film Institute

text:
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies — #20
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains:

Nurse Ratched — #5 Villain
Randle Patrick McMurphy — Nominated Hero[21]

AFI's 100 Years... 100 Cheers — #17
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) — #33


document_title: Jane the Virgin

question_text: who played young jane in jane the virgin

text: Jane the Virgin

text: Premise[edit]

text: Set in Miami, the series details the surprising and unforeseen events that take place in the life of Jane Gloriana Villanueva, a hard-working, religious young Venezuelan American woman whose family tradition and a vow to save her virginity until her marriage to her detective boyfriend are complicated when a doctor mistakenly artificially inseminates her during a checkup. To make matters worse, the biological donor is a married man, a former playboy and cancer survivor who is not only the new owner of the hotel where Jane works, but was also her former teenage crush. In addition to adjusting to pregnancy and then motherhood, in the initial episodes Jane is faced with questions about her professional future and the daunting prospect of choosing between the father of her baby or her boyfriend. As the series evolves, in predictably unpredictable telenovela fashion, the issues shift as her child grows into a toddler, her writing career moves forward, and her family members likewise develop independent plotlines.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4

Gina Rodriguez
Jane Villanueva
Main

Andrea Navedo
Xiomara Villanueva
Main

Yael Grobglas
Petra Solano
Main

Justin Baldoni
Rafael Solano
Main

Ivonne Coll
Alba Villanueva
Main

Brett Dier
Michael Cordero, Jr
Main[a]
N/A

Jaime Camil
Rogelio De La Vega
Main

Anthony Mendez
The Latin Lover Narrator
Main

Elias Janssen[b]
Mateo Solano Villanueva
Guest
Recurring
Main

text:
Jump up ^ Brett Dier is credited as main cast for only the episodes in which he appears.
Jump up ^ Joseph Sanders played the role in season 3.

tag: ol

text:
Gina Rodriguez as Jane Gloriana Villanueva, a 23-year-old, religious young Latina woman who becomes pregnant after being artificially inseminated by mistake. After meeting Rafael and hearing his situation, she agrees to carry the baby full term and turn over custody to him and his wife Petra, but only if she is sure her baby will be safe and loved with them. But, as the pregnancy grows, they both start to have feelings for each other. Jane ends up having a baby boy named Mateo Gloriano Rogelio Solano Villanueva. She marries Michael Cordero in the season two finale. In the tenth episode of season three, she becomes widowed when he dies from his gunshot wound. She later finds her feelings resurfacing for Rafael again. Executive producer Jennie Snyder Urman stated that Gina Rodriguez "was literally the third person that came in" during the casting.[6]

Jenna Ortega as Young Jane, at age 10, is the most frequent (21 chapters as of season 3) of the four younger "Janes" seen in flashbacks.

Andrea Navedo as Xiomara "Xo" Gloriana Villanueva, Jane's outgoing mother. She was only sixteen years old when she had Jane, which is why Jane would rather keep her virginity until marriage than make the same mistake her mother did. She is a dance teacher, but dreams of having a singing career. She marries Jane's father in the Season three finale.
Yael Grobglas as Petra Solano (birthname: Natalia Fruôcek), Rafael's scheming wife and a member of a shady Czech crime family who got married to Rafael in order to steal his wealth, though over time she did fall in love with him. She later divorces Rafael and in Season 2, she gives birth to their twin daughters, Anna and Elsa.
Justin Baldoni as Rafael Solano, the 31-year-old owner of the Marbella Hotel and the biological father of Jane's child who has fallen out of love with his wife. As the series progresses, he develops growing feelings for Jane, and divorces Petra after discovering her affair. In season two, he has two daughters with Petra and, in season three, briefly goes to jail.
Ivonne Coll as Alba Gloriana Villanueva, Jane's pious maternal grandmother. She is highly religious, and encourages Jane to save her virginity until marriage. Although she rarely speaks English, she understands it, since her granddaughter usually only speaks to her in English. She was in the country illegally until she got her green card in season two.
Brett Dier as Michael Cordero, Jr. (seasons 1-3), Jane's 29-year-old husband who was a detective. He is aware of Petra's affair, and blackmails her to ensure that her marriage remains intact, so that Jane will give the baby to them, however later he decides to support Jane's decision to keep the baby. He also dislikes Rafael due to Jane's, and eventually Rafael's, attraction to one another. He is the head detective in the hunt for Sin Rostro, a high-profile drug dealer who seems to be based in the Marbella Hotel, however he later quits to become a lawyer. Jane and Michael get married in the season two finale. He dies in season three by an aortic dissection caused by a gunshot.
Jaime Camil as Rogelio de la Vega, a self-involved, famous telenovela star and Jane's biological father. He is currently trying to gain a relationship with his newly discovered daughter. He also has feelings for Xiomara, who was his girlfriend in high school. He marries Xiomara in the season three finale.
Elias Janssen as Mateo Gloriano Rogelio Solano Villanueva, Jane and Rafael's baby. Named after Jane's grandfather and Alba's husband, who died before Jane was born.

Aria Rose Garcia as toddler Mateo Gloriano Rogelio Solano Villanueva. Joseph Sanders played the role in the third season.

Anthony Mendez (voice over) as the Latin Lover Narrator; Third-person omniscient.[7] The narration features both metanarration and metafiction.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Yara Martinez as Dr. Luisa Alver, Rafael's lesbian, neurotic, recovering alcoholic sister, and the doctor who accidentally artificially inseminated Jane.
Bridget Regan as Rose, a former lawyer, former girlfriend of Luisa, and eventually stepmother of Luisa and Rafael who defends Luisa against the malpractice suit. She is later revealed to be the crime lord Sin Rostro, and is arrested in season three.

Megan Ketch as Susanna Barnett (season 2), Michael's partner who was in fact Rose in disguise. After being discovered, she shot Michael in the chest.
Elisabeth Röhm as Eileen (season 3), the second woman whose identity Rose steals for the next three years. In the meantime, the real Eileen murdered Scott.

Mia and Ella Allan as Anna and Elsa Solano (season 2-present), Petra and Rafael's twin daughters as a result of Petra's artificial insemination.
Carlo Rota as Emilio Solano (season 1), Luisa's biological father and Rafael's adopted father. He is murdered by his wife, Rose.
Michael Rady as Lachlan Moore (seasons 1-2), Rafael's rival and Petra's former fiancé.
Diane Guerrero as Lina Santillan, Jane's best friend and co-worker.
Azie Tesfai as Detective Nadine Hansan (seasons 1-2), a police detective and rival, partner, and brief lover to Michael. She was killed taking a bullet that was meant for Michael, after she was revealed to be working with Sin Rostro.
Camille Collard as Frankie (season 1), Jane's co-worker and friend.
Brian Dare as Luca (seasons 1-2), Jane's co-worker and friend.
Vanessa Merrell and Veronica Merrell as Valeria and Victoria (seasons 1-2), twins and Rogelio's former step-daughters.
Priscilla Barnes as Magda, Petra's mother. She is confined to a wheelchair (but only pretends to be paraplegic) and she is Petra's co-conspirator in her plot to steal Rafael's hotel and wealth. While imprisoned, she was still working against Petra from inside; she is now out.
Yael Grobglas also portrays Anezka (seasons 2-4), Petra's long-lost twin sister who grew up with a rough life in the Czech Republic. At the end of the second season she drugs Petra and begins a scheme with Magda to impersonate Petra so they can gain controlling shares in the Marbella.
Adam Rodriguez as Jonathan Chavez (season 2), one of Jane's teachers at grad school and briefly her love interest.
Brian Jordan Alvarez as Wesley Masters (seasons 2), one of Jane's fellow students at grad school who used her for information to write an article on the Solano family.
Alano Miller as Roman Zazo (season 1), Rafael's best friend and Petra's lover. He is believed to be murdered in the hotel, causing tension for everyone, including Petra and Rafael.

Alano Miller as Aaron Zazo (season 1), Roman's twin brother, who appears from "Chapter Fourteen" onwards investigating his brother's murder, is later revealed to be Roman; it was Aaron who was murdered. Roman is later killed, in self-defense, by Petra.

Rita Moreno as Liliana De La Vega (seasons 1-2), Jane's paternal grandmother. She is the mother of Rogelio and is always sour on Xiomara and Rogelio's relationship.
Shelly Bhalla as Krishna (season 2-present), Petra's assistant, formerly Rafael's assistant
Cástulo Guerra as Manuel De La Vega (season 2), Jane's paternal grandfather. He is the father of Rogelio and has recently came out as gay.
Dennis Mencia as Mateo Villanueva (season 2), Alba's late husband and the maternal grandfather of Jane. His great-grandson is named in honor of him.
Sofia Pernas as Catalina Maria Mora (season 3), Jane's newfound maternal cousin and a brief love interest of Rafael.
Ricardo Chavira as Bruce (season 3), Xiomara's boyfriend of three years who she becomes briefly engaged to, only to break things off due to her lingering feelings for Rogelio.
Justina Machado as Darci Factor (seasons 3-present), Rogelio's ex-girlfriend and the mother of her and Rogelio's daughter “Baby Michaelina de la Vega Factor”. She runs a matchmaking business.
Alfonso DiLuca as Jorge (seasons 3-present), Alba's love interest and later boyfriend.
Johnny Messner as Chuck Chesser (seasons 3-present), the new owner of the rival hotel to the Marbella who serves as a new love interest for Petra.
Francisco San Martin as Fabian (seasons 3-present), Rogelio's costar on telenovela Los Viajes de Guillermo who has a brief fling with Jane.
Tyler Posey as Adam Alvaro (seasons 3-4), Jane's first love and later boyfriend, who is bisexual.
Rosario Dawson as Jane Ramos (season 4), Petra’s attorney.[8]
Shelly Bhalla as Krishna, assistant to Petra Solano (season 2- present).

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
22
October 13, 2014 (2014-10-13)
May 11, 2015 (2015-05-11)

2
22
October 12, 2015 (2015-10-12)
May 16, 2016 (2016-05-16)

3
20
October 17, 2016 (2016-10-17)
May 22, 2017 (2017-05-22)

4
17[9]
October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13)
April 13, 2018 (2018-04-13)[10]

text: Development and production[edit]

text: On June 27, 2013, American television network The CW announced that it was planning to release a new show based on the Venezuelan soap opera Juana La Virgen.[11] On February 23, 2014, Entertainment Weekly announced that Rodriguez would play the title role of Jane Villanueva.[12][13] On May 8, 2014, during The CW's 2014–2015 upfronts, the series was officially picked up.[14] On July 18, 2014, an extended trailer was released by The CW. On August 8, 2014, it was announced that White Collar's Bridget Regan and Azie Tesfai would join the series as respectively Rose, a former lawyer, and Detective Nadine Hansan, a police detective and rival to Dier's character.[15] On August 10, 2014, TVLine announced that Melrose Place and Emily Owens, M.D. actor Michael Rady would join the series as Lachlan.[16] Filming for season one commenced on July 28, 2014.[17] The show is filmed on soundstages in Los Angeles[17][18] and the pilot was filmed in Huntington Beach, California.[19] On October 21, 2014, the show was given a full season order.[20] On January 11, 2015, the show was renewed for a second season, set to air during the 2015–16 television season.[21] Its second season premiered on October 12, 2015.[22] On March 11, 2016, the show was renewed for a third season,[23] which premiered on October 17, 2016. On January 8, 2017, The CW renewed the series for a fourth season that premiered on October 13, 2017.[24][25]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Jane the Virgin premiered on The CW on October 13, 2014, during the 2014–15 television season.[26] Unique to the CW, it is the network's only program to feature a Spanish language audio track on the second audio program channel; however, as many CW stations usually do not carry the SAP channel due to a lack of need, this is more limited than the major networks, which are required by the FCC to have a SAP channel for the Descriptive Video Service track, which as a minor network the CW is not required to carry.

text: The show premiered in Canada on Global TV and in Australia on Fox8 on December 1, 2014.[27] The first two seasons aired in the United Kingdom on E4.[28], with the first-run episodes on UK Netflix from season 3 onwards.[29] Sony Channel broadcast the series throughout Southeast Asia as replacements of Sony Entertainment Television in the region (including BeTV in the Philippines). In Canada, new episodes are added each week to the streaming service Shomi, in addition to cable carriage by some providers of American CW affiliates (Chicago's WGN-TV, available as a superstation in Canada, carried the series' first two seasons until it ended its CW affiliation before the 2016-17 television season). The show premiered in New Zealand on July 24 on Prime.

text: In the Philippines, Jane the Virgin premiered on ABS-CBN on March 28, 2016, dubbed in Filipino.[30] The show replaced the local drama series You're My Home on a late-night timeslot, as part of the Primetime BIDA evening block.[31] Days before the premiere, a teaser showing Gina Rodriguez promoting the show was also released.[32] ABS-CBN only aired the first two seasons, locally editing and splitting the episodes into half-hour segments similar to the network's teleserye and anime programs. For a total of 74 modified episodes, the season-two finale aired on July 8, 2016.

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Season
Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic

1
100% (50 reviews)
80% (23 reviews)

2
100% (11 reviews)
87% (4 reviews)

3
100% (12 reviews)
-

4
100% (9 reviews)
-

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Jane the Virgin has received praise for its writing and Rodriguez's performance. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the first season of the show a "certified fresh" rating of 100% based on 50 reviews, with a rating average of 7.7 out of 10. The site's consensus states, "Jane the Virgin's dubious premise has become part of its unlikely charm – along with delightfully diverse writing and a knockout performance by Gina Rodriguez."[33] Metacritic, another review aggregator, gives the show a score of 80 out of 100, based on 23 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[34]

text: The second season also received critical acclaim. On Metacritic, the season holds a 87 out of 100, based on four reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[35] Rotten Tomatoes gave it a rating of 100% based on 11 reviews and a rating average of 9.7 out of 10. The site's consensus reads, "Jane the Virgin stays true to its over-the-top telenovela roots in season two while layering in more humor and increasingly complex storytelling."[36] Maureen Ryan of Variety praised the show, saying that the series "is envisioned, edited and curated with great deftness and economy, and the fact that it is so entertaining and accessible should not preclude it from being at the center of conversations about the best the medium has to offer."[37]

text: Critics' top ten lists[edit]

text:
[show]2014[38]

No. 3 TV Guide
No. 3 The Salt Lake Tribune
No. 6 TV.com
No. 7 Las Vegas Weekly
No. 8 Sioux City Journal
No. 10 Boston Globe
 – American Film Institute
 – Associated Press
 – Chicago Reader
 – Huffington Post
 – Los Angeles Times
 – Philadelphia Daily News
 – ScreenCrush

text:
[show]2015[39]

No. 3 Village Voice
No. 4 Vulture
No. 4 Slate
No. 5 The Salt Lake Tribune
No. 6 Las Vegas Weekly
No. 7 TV.com
 – Boob Tube Dude
 – Criticwire
 – Variety
 – The Week

text:
[show]2016[40]

No. 1 Variety
No. 2 Boob Tube Dude
No. 8 MTV
 – CNN

text:
[show]2017[41]

No. 6 Variety
No. 9 TV by the Numbers
No. 9 USA Today

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Monday 9:00 pm
22
October 13, 2014
1.61[42]
May 11, 2015
1.24[43]
2014–15
177
1.55
0.6[44]

2
22
October 12, 2015
1.06[45]
May 16, 2016
0.97[46]
2015–16
180
1.48
0.6[47]

3
20
October 17, 2016
1.09[48]
May 22, 2017
0.96[49]
2016–17
155
1.60
0.7[50]

4
Friday 9:00 pm
17[51]
October 13, 2017
0.68[52]
TBA
TBD
2017–18
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The show has been acknowledged by the People's Choice Awards, Golden Globe Awards, Critics' Choice Awards, the Primetime Emmy Awards, the Image Awards and the Television Critics Association as well as honored by the American Film Institute and the George Foster Peabody Awards.

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipients
Outcome

2014
America Film Institute Award[53]
AFI Television Program Of The Year
Jane the Virgin
Won

TV Guide Award
Favorite New Show
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

2015
People's Choice Award[54]
Favorite New TV Comedy
Jane the Virgin
Won

Golden Globe Award[55]
Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy
Gina Rodriguez
Won

Peabody Award[56]
Honoree
Jane the Virgin
Won

Critics' Choice Award[57]
Best Comedy Series
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Best Actress in a Comedy Series
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
Jaime Camil
Nominated

TV Line Performer of the Week[58]
Honoree
Jaime Camil ("Chapter Twelve")
Won

TV Line Performer of the Week[59]
Honoree
Gina Rodriguez ("Chapter Twenty")
Won

Teen Choice Award
Choice TV Actor: Comedy
Jaime Camil
Nominated

Choice TV Actress: Comedy
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Choice TV: Breakout Show
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Choice TV: Breakout Star
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Choice TV: Liplock
Gina Rodriguez & Justin Baldoni
Nominated

Television Critics Association Award[60]
Outstanding New Program
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Outstanding Achievement in Comedy
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Individual Achievement in Comedy
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Imagen Award
Best Primetime Television Program – Comedy
Jane the Virgin
Won

Best Actress – Television
Gina Rodriguez
Won

Best Supporting Actor – Television
Justin Baldoni
Nominated

Jaime Camil
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress – Television
Ivonne Coll
Nominated

Andrea Navedo
Won

Gold Derby Award
Best Comedy Series
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Best Comedy Lead Actress
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Breakthrough Performer
Gina Rodriguez
Won

EWwy Award
Best Comedy Series
Jane the Virgin
Won

Best Actress – Comedy
Gina Rodriguez
Won

Best Supporting Actor – Comedy
Jaime Camil
Nominated

Emmy Award[61]
Outstanding Narrator
Anthony Mendez
Nominated

Voice Arts Award
Outstanding Narration – TV or Film, Best Voice over
Anthony Mendez
Won

Gotham Award
Breakthrough Series – Long Form
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Dorian Award
Campy TV Show of the Year
Jane the Virgin
Won

Online Film and Television Association Award
Best Actress
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Best Guest Actress
Rita Moreno
Won

Maxwell Weinberg Award

Arpi Ketendjian
CBS Studios
Won

NHMC Impact Gala Award
Honoree
Gina Rodriguez
Won

HOLA Award
Breakthrough Performance
Andrea Navedo
Won

GiRL POWER Media Role Model Award
Honoree
Gina Rodriguez
Won

Honoree
Andrea Navedo
Won

Honoree
Ivonne Coll
Won

International Drama Award
Best Mini-Series
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Best Actress
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Best Director
Brad Silberling
Nominated

Paleyfest LA
Honoree
Jane the Virgin
Won

2016
Satellite Award[62]
Best Television Series – Musical or Comedy
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

NAACP Image Award[63]
Outstanding Actress in a Comedy Series
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Outstanding Writing in a Comedy Series
Jennie Snyder Urman
Nominated

Outstanding Directing in a Comedy Series
Brad Silberling
Nominated

Golden Globe Award[64]
Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Critics' Choice Award[65]
Best Comedy Series
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Best Actress in a Comedy Series
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
Jaime Camil
Nominated

TV Line Performer of the Week[66]
Honoree
Yael Grobglas ("Chapter Thirty-Six")
Nominated

Golden Reel Award
Best Sound Editing
Susan Ham, Sharyn Gersh
Nominated

GMS Award
Best Music Supervision
Kevin J. Edelman
Nominated

The Women's Image Award
Best Actress in a Comedy
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Best Comedy Series
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Outstanding Writing in a Series
Jennie Snyder Urman ("Chapter One: Pilot")
Nominated

Artios Award
Outstanding Achievement in Casting - Comedy
Alyson Silverberg, Jonathan Clay Harris
Nominated

Frijolywood Award /Frijoldeoro Award
Screenwriter in Comedy
Carolina Rivera
Won

Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
Jaime Camil
Won

NHMC Impact Award
Outstanding Performance in a Comedy Series
Andrea Navedo
Won

Cine Award
Best Comedy Series
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Best Actress in a Comedy Series
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor
Jaime Camil
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress
Ivonne Coll
Won

Young Artist Award
Best Performance in a TV Series
Madison Rojas
Nominated

Teen Choice Award
Choice TV: Comedy
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Choice TV: Actor
Jaime Camil
Nominated

Choice TV: Actress
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Emmy Award[67]
Outstanding Narrator
Anthony Mendez
Nominated

EWwy Award
Best Actress – Comedy
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor – Comedy
Jaime Camil
Nominated

Imagen Award
Best Primetime Television Program – Comedy
Jane the Virgin
Won

Best Actress – Television
Gina Rodriguez
Won

Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
Jaime Camil
Won

Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Andrea Navedo
Nominated

TV Line Performer of the Week[68]
Honoree
Gina Rodriguez ("Chapter Forty-Seven")
Won

2017
Golden Globe Award[69]
Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

People's Choice Award[70]
Favorite TV Comedy
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Favorite TV Comedy Actress
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Black Reel Award
Outstanding Actress, Comedy Series
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

MTV Award
Best American Story
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Best Actor in a Show
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

GMS Award
Best Music Supervision
Kevin J. Edelman
Nominated

Teen Choice Award
Choice Comedy TV Show
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Choice Comedy TV Actress
Gina Rodriguez
Nominated

Choice Comedy TV Actor
Jaime Camil
Nominated

Imagen Award
Best Primetime Television Program – Comedy
Jane the Virgin
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
Jaime Camil
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Ivonne Coll
Nominated

text: Home media[edit]

text:
Name
DVD
Blu-ray
No. of
episodes
Features

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
Region A
Region B

The Complete First Season
September 29, 2015 [71]

October 13, 2017 [72]

22

Immaculate Creation - 'Behind the Scenes'
Getting to Know the Cast
Gag Reel
Deleted Scenes

The Complete Second Season
June 16, 2017 [73]

December 22, 2017 [74]

22

The Complete Third Season
January 19, 2018 [75]

January 19, 2018 [76]

20

Deleted Scenes

text: Novel[edit]

text: A tie-in novel, based on the book Jane writes in the show, has been published. The story is a historical romance set in Miami during 1902.[77] In the series, the book's plot is inspired by the love story of Jane and Michael.

text:
Title
Published
Publisher

Snow Falling
November 14, 2017
Simon & Schuster


document_title: Question (The Moody Blues song)

question_text: what is the song question by the moody blues about

text: Question (The Moody Blues song)

text: Background[edit]

text: Originally, the song itself was also to have been named "A Question of Balance," but was shortened to "Question." The lyrics of the chorus, "Why do we never get an answer, when we're knocking at the door/ With a thousand million questions about hate and death and war?", represented Hayward's feelings and attitude toward the Vietnam War.

text: At the time, "Question" was a simple recording for the Moody Blues. Their previous album, To Our Children's Children's Children, featured songs which included many different sounds provided by overdubbing and double-tracking. Unfortunately, this made most of the songs on the album very difficult to perform live. For this reason, "Question" was recorded in one take, and did not need any overdubbing or double-tracking, making it easier for the Moody Blues to perform live. It was written in Open-C tuning (CGCGCE) and recorded (and usually performed live) on a 12-string acoustic guitar.

text: The song alternates between two different melodies: a fast-paced section ("Why do we never get an answer...") and a slower one ("It's not the way that you say it when you do those things to me..."). Hayward has said that these were originally two separate half-completed songs, but he realized that with a simple chord change, he could merge the two into a single song.

text: Legacy[edit]

text: "Question" is one of the Moody Blues' most popular songs, and has been included in virtually all of their compilations and live albums. In addition, the song was re-recorded (along with "Isn't Life Strange") in the studio with the London Symphony Orchestra (who in 1978 had released an orchestral cover of the song) in 1988, for the Greatest Hits album.

text: Former Marillion singer Fish covered the song as one of his personal favourites for his album Songs from the Mirror, released in 1993.[3]

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Justin Hayward: 12-string acoustic guitar, lead vocals
John Lodge: bass guitar, backing vocals
Mike Pinder: Mellotron, backing vocals (1970 recording)
Ray Thomas: tambourine, backing vocals
Graeme Edge: drums, percussion
Patrick Moraz: keyboards (1988 recording)
Frank Ricotti: additional percussion (1988 recording)

text: Chart positions[edit]

text:
Year
Chart
Position

1970
UK Singles Chart
2

Billboard Hot 100
21


document_title: Danzón-mambo

question_text: the danzón-mambo style transformed the more traditional danzón through

text: Danzón-mambo

text: Origins[edit]

text: The danzón-mambo was created by the musicians and arrangers of Antonio Arcaño's charanga, Arcaño y sus Maravillas, which was founded in 1937 (Orovio 1981:324). According to Santos (1982),

text: The main forces behind Arcano's mambo were the Lopez brothers, Orestes ... and Israel (the great "Cachao") ..., who did most of the composing and arranging for the group, and played the 'cello and the string bass, respectively.

text: Characteristics[edit]

text: Generally speaking, the danzón-mambo represents a further and stronger incorporation of elements of the son into the danzón. The first sections, or danzones, did not depart significantly from the traditional danzón structure [1]. But, the final section of the danzón-mambo was based on tumbaos and guajeos from the montuno section of the son, which created a complex, clave-oriented polyphony with strong accents on the upbeat (Santos 1982). In order to further reinforce the son feeling, Arcaño added the tumbadora (conga drum) to the traditional charanga percussion lineup of pailas and güiro. Also, the paila player began to use a cowbell in the final section (Santos 1982). This final section, at first called nuevo ritmo, later came to be called mambo.[1]

text:
Beginning of the final or mambo section of Angoa (1948) by Félix Reina (Santos 1982)
File:Angoaintro.mid

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: Later development[edit]

text: Out of the danzón-mambo came both the mambo and the cha-cha-chá. The mambo would subsequently become a genre played mainly by American-style big bands, and as such, did not pose a threat to the danzón-mambo. But, in the face of the sudden overwhelming popularity of the cha-cha-chá in the 1950s, the danzón-mambo began to disappear. However, a convention arose of playing the final section of the danzón-mambo with a cha-cha-chá rhythm, enabling the dancers to dance both the danzón and the cha-cha-chá in the course of the same composition. This became known as the danzón-cha and is the form of danzón most favored by dancers in Cuba at present.

text: Discography[edit]

text:
The Cuban Danzon: Its Ancestors and Descendants 1982. Various Artists. Folkways Records FW04066.
De Nuevo El Monarca. 1993. Antonio Arcaño y sus Maravillas. ARTEX CD-069.


document_title: Veronica Mars (character)

question_text: when does logan and veronica get back together

text: Veronica Mars (character)

text: Character history[edit]

text: Background and details of plot[edit]

text: At the beginning of the series, Veronica is a 17-year-old junior at Neptune High in her hometown of Neptune, California. According to series creator Rob Thomas, Veronica's birthday is in August. Veronica has an after-school part-time job working for her father, private investigator Keith Mars, the former sheriff of Balboa County, California. At this time in her life, Veronica does not have any friends until she meets and helps Wallace Fennel, who quickly becomes her best friend.

text: Back-story to season one[edit]

text: Veronica's story is told via voice-overs and flashbacks fitted into the main story. We learn that a year before the series picks up, Veronica was a popular teen at Neptune High. Her best friend was popular junior Lilly Kane. Veronica was dating Lilly's brother, Duncan Kane and Lilly was dating Logan Echolls, Duncan's good friend. The four were at the forefront of the school's wealthy and popular "09er" clique (named after the 90909 zip code, a wealthy area of Neptune) that dominated Neptune High's social scene. Though Veronica did not meet the economic status of the other 09ers, she was accepted into the clique because she was dating Duncan, and because of her father's influence as sheriff.

text: One day, Duncan stopped talking to Veronica and broke up with her with no explanation. Lilly refused to explain to Veronica what went wrong. Shortly afterwards, Lilly was found murdered at the side of her family's pool. Sheriff Keith Mars accused Lilly's father, beloved software entrepreneur Jake Kane, of involvement in the murder. The citizens of Neptune were horrified and Keith quickly found himself voted out of office and turned into a pariah by the wealthy 09er community. Keith's credibility took another blow when his replacement as Sheriff, former Deputy Sheriff Don Lamb, arrested disgruntled former Kane Software employee Abel Koontz, who confessed to Lilly's murder.

text: The shock and loss of income destroyed the Mars family. Veronica's mother started drinking heavily and abandoned the family several months later.

text: Veronica sealed her fate as an outsider when she refused to denounce her father. Duncan stopped speaking to Veronica, and the rest of the 09ers followed suit. Veronica found herself banished from the exclusive 09er social scene and friends.

text: Two months after Lilly's death, Veronica crashed an 09er party, thrown by Shelley Pomroy, to prove to her ex-friends that she did not care what they said about her. At the party, Veronica's drink is spiked with GHB and she awakens the next morning in a guest bedroom without any recollection of the night before and without any underwear. To her horror, she realizes she was raped. When she reports the crime to Sheriff Lamb, he calls her a liar and throws her out of his office.

text: These events change Veronica. She became cynical, filled with contempt and disgust towards her classmates and Neptune's wealthy elite. A pariah like her father, she funneled her time and energy into helping him in his own detective agency. But when a chance encounter with new transfer student Wallace Fennel led to her gaining a new friend, she began to use her investigation talents to help her fellow students and to go head to head with the 09'ers.

text: Veronica slowly begins to outgrow her cynicism, with the help of new friends Wallace Fennel, Cindy "Mac" Mackenzie, and Meg Manning.

text: Prior to Lilly's death Veronica is portrayed as carefree, girly, sweet and young, with long hair. It is suggested that Veronica cut her hair because it reminded her too much of Lilly. The transition to a sharp-witted, cynical, edgy outcast was quick.

text: Detective[edit]

text: After being ousted from the Sheriff's Department, Keith Mars opens Mars Investigations, a PI agency, Veronica gains an after-school job as his secretary. Though she is often forbidden from handling certain cases, she often oversteps her boundaries and sometimes even completely solves the case before her father. She is also an unofficial private investigator for Neptune High tracking down computer hackers, digging up dirt on parents, finding out who stole the school's mascot, and the like. She keeps one step ahead of her father and Vice-Principal Van Clemmons through the occasional help of her best friend Wallace — Watson to her Holmes — and classmate Eli "Weevil" Navarro, the leader of the PCH Biker Gang.

text: Logan Echolls (Jason Dohring), once a close friend, had helped organize the blacklisting of Veronica from the 09er clique. The two crossed swords on several occasions before Logan sought Veronica's help in finding out if his mother, Lynn, might have faked her death when she jumped into the ocean. Still reeling from the abandonment of her own mother, Veronica empathized with Logan's pain, and the two reconciled most of their differences. Towards the end of the third season of the series, Veronica successfully completes her California state examination to receive her official license as a detective in her own right.

text: Veronica scored a 95 on her private investigator test.

text: Some years later, Veronica is shown to have moved on from her old life as a detective and has a job offer from a prestigious law firm in New York. However, when Logan is accused of murder, Veronica returns to Neptune to clear his name, eventually deciding to stay in Neptune to fight the local corruption and classism that has developed there since her departure.

text: Romantic relationships[edit]

text: Duncan Kane[edit]

text: Veronica dated Duncan Kane until approximately September 2005. Both Veronica's mother Lianne Mars and Duncan's mother Celeste Kane were against their relationship, though Veronica did not find out why until much later. Some time prior to Lilly's death, Celeste revealed to Duncan that his father, Jake, had had an affair with Lianne, and that Veronica might be his half-sister. Duncan broke up with Veronica because of this, but did not explain his reasons for doing so. Keith Mars later had a paternity test which proved that he is her father, not Jake Kane.

text: Veronica did not speak to Duncan until well into her Junior year. A few episodes after the series starts, Duncan and Veronica start being friendly towards each other, eventually even becoming friends. That comes to an end when Veronica believes Duncan raped her and confronts him about it. The issue was eventually resolved when the fact that both parties were under the influence of GHB came to light.

text: In the summer between the first and second seasons Veronica and Duncan got back together on her 18th birthday. They stayed together until roughly the middle of the second season. Unbeknownst to Duncan, his previous girlfriend Meg Manning was pregnant before they broke up. Meg was on the bus that crashed at the beginning of the season, but survived comatose. She later died of a blood clot shortly after coming out of a coma. Their daughter was born just before she died. In order to prevent Meg's abusive parents from getting custody of his baby, Duncan decided to kidnap her and run away. Veronica helps him to do so and knowing that they can never speak to or see each other again, the two of them share a tearful farewell. Duncan does not appear again the series except for a brief cameo at the end of season 2 where he is now living in Australia and is at the beach with his daughter when his phone rings. He answers it, saying "CW?" (a joke about the show being moved to the then new network CW) and it's Clarence Weidman on the other end, who says "It's a done deal." in reference to the killing of Aaron Echolls, suggesting that Duncan was the one who arranged it as revenge for Aaron being acquitted over Lilly's murder.

text: Troy Vandegraff[edit]

text: Troy Vandegraff was a childhood friend of Duncan Kane who attended Neptune High for a short period early in the first season. Despite the bad rumors about Veronica circulating around the school, Troy took a liking to her. Veronica was reluctant to date him at first, but warmed to him when she realized his good intentions toward her. In the fifth episode though, Troy deceives her into helping him escape being sent to boarding school so he can run away with an old girlfriend. Veronica realizes his plan and double-crosses him.

text: Veronica does not meet Troy again until the second season episode "The Rapes of Graff" when they both go to visit Hearst College. Though she is at first cold toward him, Troy insists that he's changed. He also tells her that his feelings toward her were real when they dated and apologizes for how he treated her. When he is suspected of raping a student and shaving her head after a party, Veronica helps to prove his innocence and they part amicably.

text: Leo D'Amato[edit]

text: Leo D’Amato (Max Greenfield) is a deputy at the Neptune Sheriff Department whom Veronica dated for a short time in the middle of the first season. At first, Veronica merely went to him for help in getting access to classified evidence or files in the police station, but she soon fell for him. Veronica broke up with Leo after she and Logan Echolls kissed and she didn't want to keep dating Leo while she figured out her feelings.

text: Logan Echolls[edit]

text: Veronica began to date Logan Echolls at the end of the first season. While she was going out with Leo D’Amato, she kissed Logan in thanks for saving her from a would-be kidnapper (Jonathan Taylor Thomas), who actually turned out to be an ATF agent. Their kiss turned into something more when Logan pulled her into a passionate embrace. They begin to secretly date.

text: Their relationship quickly ran into trouble when it was revealed Logan was the one who supplied the GHB that would eventually lead to Veronica being drugged and raped at Shelly Pomroy's party. For a time, Veronica even suspected that Logan was her rapist. When she discovered that he wasn’t, she resolved everything with him. Their relationship was revealed to Logan's 09er friends at a party. At the same party, Veronica discovered cameras trained on the bed in Logan's pool house and flees. Soon after, Veronica found out that Logan had no alibi the day Lilly was murdered and feared that he had killed her.

text: Veronica found out that the cameras in the pool house had been set up by Logan's father, Aaron Echolls, and discovered that he was the one who killed Lilly after she stole the tapes he made of them having sex. The night Aaron was arrested for Lilly's murder, Logan turned up at Veronica's house, after having been severely beaten by the PCHers. Veronica stood by him when he was accused of murdering one of them, Felix Toombs. Though he was acquitted, Logan's behavior became erratic over that summer, because of his trial and because of the revelation that his father had been having an affair with Lilly and had killed her.

text: He and the 09ers began a vicious turf war with the PCHers. Veronica breaks up with Logan soon after, telling him that he was out of control and that he enjoyed participating in the violence too much.

text: Late in the season though, he drunkenly revealed to Veronica that he still had deep feelings for her and thought that their love was ‘epic. Veronica visits him the next morning to tell him that she felt the same, only to find out that he had no memory of what he’d said and had slept with old flame Kendall Casablancas the night before. But during her stand-off with Cassidy Casablancas, on the roof of the Neptune Grand, it was Logan that Veronica phoned for help. Logan tackled Cassidy to stop him from shooting Veronica. He then talked Veronica out of shooting Cassidy and comforts her when she thinks her father was blown-up on Woody Goodman's plane.

text: Afterwards, they resume their relationship and become closer over the summer. At the beginning of the third season, they begin attending Hearst College. Their relationship is as heated and loving as before, but Veronica has developed severe trust issues over the last few years. She constantly struggles against her instincts to track him and verify everything he says and does, while Logan resents the expectations she places on him and her inability to admit that she might be wrong. Though she spurns him when he reveals that he and Mercer left a motel in Tijuana in flames without helping people to escape, she realizes her feelings for him when he comes to her aid after she is drugged and attacked by the Hearst rapist.

text: Unable to deal with Veronica being in constant danger, Logan tries to convince her to drop her investigation into the rapes and even has a bodyguard tail her without her knowledge, infuriating Veronica when she finds out. Though they fight out their problems and both admit that they love one another, Logan breaks up with Veronica in the ninth episode. He says that they can both see that they aren’t working out because neither of them can change their ways (Veronica with her trust issues and Logan with his need to protect her despite her wishes) and that he would rather a little pain now than a lot later. He tells her he will always be there for her. Veronica is deeply upset and breaks down when she gets home. Although Logan tries to help Veronica find out who the rapist is, he is still elsewhere when she is attacked by Mercer and Moe. When he learns that Mercer was the one who attacked Veronica, he purposely gets himself arrested so he can be in the same cell as him — for revenge.

text: They spent the next six weeks apart. During the break-up, Dick tried to help Logan move on by bringing him to the beach, later meeting up with a group of girls. Later, Veronica showed up at Logan's place and they shared a passionate kiss, realizing that they had missed each other, and became a couple again. In the next episode, Logan told Veronica that he had hooked up with someone else who "meant less than nothing to him" over their 6-week break, but didn't elaborate on who it was. It turns out that Logan had slept with Madison Sinclair in Aspen, which Veronica considered one of the worst insults (though Logan didn't know this). This time, sexual jealousy and an unwillingness to forgive and forget ends their relationship.

text: Logan moved on to Parker Lee, while Veronica did the same with Stosh "Piz" Piznarski. Veronica vows never to speak to Logan again after he violently beats up Piz, believing Piz emailed a racy video of himself and Veronica all over Hearst. However, the series ended with Logan and Veronica sharing one last ambiguous look, leaving their relationship unresolved.

text: Although they haven't seen each other in nine years, the characters reconnect in the Veronica Mars film, when Veronica helps Logan when he's accused of murder. They continue their relationship and Logan vows to return to Veronica after his Navy deployment.

text: Stosh "Piz" Piznarski[edit]

text: Veronica met Piz on her first day at Hearst College when Wallace (who is Piz's roommate) requested her help to find Piz's missing things in 'Welcome Wagon." When they first meet, Piz seems momentarily stunned by Veronica, and develops a crush on her, which she doesn't return at the time as she is going out with Logan Echolls. Although she ignored his romantic feelings, a steady friendship developed between them. Veronica shared her thoughts with him about her problems with Logan, and after Piz unknowingly gave her the advice she needed, Veronica and Logan reunited (much to Piz's internal disappointment).

text: Piz and Veronica seem quite happy together, and stand by each other when a racy video of them is emailed around Hearst. When Logan attacks Piz after jumping to the conclusion that Piz made the video, Veronica vows never to speak to him again, and Logan's new girlfriend, Parker, breaks up with him because she realizes that his feelings for Veronica. After finding out who sent the video, Piz and Veronica are eating lunch when the culprit walks in. Veronica threatens him but he is unapologetic, taunting her about what he can do. Piz holds Veronica back, advising her to drop it and walk away. She reluctantly obeys. The next day Veronica is approached by the student who bugged Piz's dorm room. He is very insulting to Veronica, who ignores it and warns Logan that the boy is connected to the Mafia. Logan remarks that he wondered why Veronica was so forgiving and then beats the culprit up with much passion (as he does not have anything left to lose). When the student, lying on the floor, threatens "whoever you are, you're going to die," Logan answers flippantly "yeah, someday," then shares a look with Veronica who gives a hint of a smile. Logan then apologizes to Piz for attacking him, as Veronica earlier advised him to do, and leaves the scene without turning back, with Veronica still staring at him. Piz's eyes go from Veronica to Logan, and to Veronica again. Sighing, he expresses a look of realization that he may never have the connection with Veronica that Logan has as she guiltily looks down.

text: In the Veronica Mars film, it is revealed that Piz and Veronica broke up after she transferred to Stanford after her freshman year, but they reconnect when she moves to New York for law school. They are dating at the beginning of the film, but he breaks up with her when her hesitancy to leave Neptune (and Logan) and return to New York make him doubt her feelings for him.

text: Reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2012)

text: AOL included her in its list of TV's Smartest Detectives.[1] The same website named her the 8th Most Memorable Female TV Character.[2] She was featured in UGO.com's 50 Top TV Characters, ranked at No. 17.[3] She was ranked No. 14 in AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters.[4]

text: Many have remarked that Bell's performance in the series was overlooked and deserved an Emmy nomination and win.[5][6][7]


document_title: Here's to Life

question_text: who wrote the song here's to life

question_tokens: who wrote the song here 's to life

text: Here's to Life

text:
Here's to Life

Studio album by Shirley Horn

Released
1992

Recorded
September 1991

Genre
Vocal jazz

Label
Verve

Producer
Johnny Mandel

Shirley Horn chronology

You Won't Forget Me
(1991)You Won't Forget Me1991
Here's to Life
(1992)
Light Out of Darkness (A Tribute to Ray Charles)
(1992)Light Out of Darkness (A Tribute to Ray Charles)1992

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

Allmusic
[1]

text: Here's to Life is a 1992 studio album by Shirley Horn, arranged by Johnny Mandel (also the composer of three of the songs on the album), who received a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s)[2] on this album.

text: The title track "Here's to Life" became Horn's signature song. The music was written by Artie Butler and the poignant lyrics were written by Phyllis Molinary. The lyric is known, world-wide, as one of her finest works and the song is considered a "modern day jazz standard."

text: "If You Love Me" is her interpretation of the passionate "Hymne à l'amour", made famous by Edith Piaf.

text: Summer is the first English version of the Italian standard "Estate". Horn ordered English lyrics after hearing Joao Gilberto's version, which spread the song's worldwide fame.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"Here's to Life" (Artie Butler, Phyllis Molinary) – 5:37
"Come a Little Closer"/"Wild Is the Wind" (John Wallowitch)/(Dimitri Tiomkin, Ned Washington) – 7:27
"How Am I to Know?" (Jack King, Dorothy Parker) – 3:23
"A Time for Love" (Johnny Mandel, Paul Francis Webster) – 6:45
"Where Do You Start?" (Alan Bergman, Marilyn Bergman, Johnny Mandel) – 4:36
"You're Nearer" (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers) – 3:32
"Return to Paradise" (Tiomkin, Washington) – 5:09
"Isn't It a Pity?" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) – 5:47
"Quietly There" (Morgan Ames, Johnny Mandel) – 6:09
"If You Love Me" (Marguerite Monnot, Geoff Parsons) – 6:02
"Summer (Estaté)" (Bruno Brighetti, Bruno Martino, Joel E. Siegel) – 7:38

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Shirley Horn – vocals, piano
Wynton Marsalis - trumpet
Johnny Mandel - arranger, conductor
Alan Broadbent – piano
Charles Ables – bass