document_title: 2007 ICC World Twenty20

question_text: man of the match 2007 t20 world cup

question_tokens: man of the match 2007 t20 world cup

text: 2007 ICC World Twenty20

text: Rules and regulations[edit]

text: During the group stage and Super Eight, points were awarded to the teams as follows:

text:
Results
Points

Win
2 points

No Result
1 point

Loss
0 points

text: In case of a tie (i.e., both teams score exactly the same number of runs at the end of their respective innings), a bowl-out decided the winner. This was applicable in all stages of the tournament.[3] The bowl-out was used to determine the result of only one game in this tournament – the Group D game between India and Pakistan on 14 September (scorecard).

text: Within each group (both group stage and Super Eight stage), teams were ranked against each other based on the following criteria:[4]

text:
Higher number of points
If equal, higher number of wins
If still equal, higher net run rate
If still equal, lower bowling strike rate
If still equal, result of head to head meeting.

tag: ol

text: Qualification[edit]

text: By finishing first and second in the 2007 WCL Division One, Kenya and Scotland qualified for the World Twenty20.[5]

text: Squads[edit]

text: Group Stages[edit]

text: The 12 participant teams were divided into four groups of three teams each. The groups were determined based on the rankings of the teams in Twenty20 as of 1 March 2007.[6] The top two teams from each group went through to the second stage of the tournament.[7]

text: All times given are South African Standard Time (UTC+02:00)

text: Group A[edit]

text:
Team
Seed
Pts
Pld
W
L
NR
NRR

 South Africa
A1
4
2
2
0
0
+0.974

 Bangladesh
A3
2
2
1
1
0
+0.149

 West Indies
A2
0
2
0
2
0
−1.233

text: Group A saw the only exit of a seeded team when the West Indies were eliminated after losing both their matches. Their first loss came after Chris Gayle's record 117 runs was not enough to prevent South Africa from winning.

text:
11 September
18:00
(scorecard)

text:
West Indies
205/6 (20 overs)

v

 South Africa
208/2 (17.4 overs)

Chris Gayle 117 (57)
Johan van der Wath 2/33 (4)

Herschelle Gibbs 90 (55)
Fidel Edwards 1/21 (3)

text:
South Africa won by 8 wickets
Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
Umpires: Mark Benson (Eng) and Daryl Harper (Aus)
Player of the match: Chris Gayle (WI)

text:
Vernon Philander, Morne Morkel (both SA) and Ramnaresh Sarwan, Fidel Edwards (both WI) all made their T20I debuts.
Chris Gayle became the first person to hit a century in an official Twenty20 International. He also scored the most sixes in one innings of Twenty20 with 10.
The West Indian first-wicket partnership of 145 between Chris Gayle and Devon Smith was the highest in Twenty20 international cricket.
The West Indies beat their own record of giving away the most extras in a Twenty20 match, with 28 (4 leg-byes, 23 wides and a no-ball).

text:
13 September
10:00
(scorecard)

text:
West Indies
164/8 (20 overs)

v

 Bangladesh
165/4 (18 overs)

Devon Smith 51 (52)
Shakib Al Hasan 4/34 (4)

Aftab Ahmed 62 (49)
Ramnaresh Sarwan 2/10 (2)

text:
Bangladesh won by 6 wickets
Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
Umpires: Mark Benson (Eng) and Nigel Llong (Eng)
Player of the match: Mohammad Ashraful (Ban)

text: South Africa and Bangladesh qualified for the Super 8s as a result of this match.

text:
15 September
18:00
(scorecard)

text:
Bangladesh
144 (20.0 overs)

v

 South Africa
146/3 (18.5 overs)

Aftab Ahmed 36 (14)
Shaun Pollock 3/40 (3.3)

Graeme Smith 41 (34)
Abdur Razzak 2/26 (4)

text:
South Africa won by 7 wickets
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
Umpires: Asad Rauf (Pak) and Tony Hill (NZ)
Player of the match: Morne Morkel (SA)

text: Group B[edit]

text:
Team
Seed
Pts
Pld
W
L
NR
NRR

 Australia
B1
2
2
1
1
0
+0.987

 England
B2
2
2
1
1
0
+0.209

 Zimbabwe
B3
2
2
1
1
0
−1.196

text: Group B started with World Champions Australia being defeated by Zimbabwe, Brendan Taylor scored 64 (not out) and saw the Africans home with one ball to spare.

text:
12 September
18:00
(scorecard)

text:
Australia
138/9 (20 overs)

v

 Zimbabwe
139/5 (19.5 overs)

Brad Hodge 35 (22)
Elton Chigumbura 3/20 (3)

Brendan Taylor 64* (46)
Stuart Clark 2/22 (4)

text:
Zimbabwe won by 5 wickets
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
Umpires: Asad Rauf (Pak) and Tony Hill (NZ)
Player of the match: Brendan Taylor (Zim)

text: Tatenda Taibu, Vusi Sibanda, Tawanda Mupariwa (Zim) and Brad Hodge, Mitchell Johnson (both Aus) all made their T20I debuts.

text:
13 September
14:00
(scorecard)

text:
England
188/9 (20 overs)

v

 Zimbabwe
138/8 (20 overs)

Kevin Pietersen 79 (37)
Elton Chigumbura 4/31 (4)

Brendan Taylor 47 (39)
Dimitri Mascarenhas 3/18 (4)

text:
England won by 50 runs
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
Umpires: Asad Rauf (Pak) and Ian Howell (SA)
Player of the match: Kevin Pietersen (Eng)

text: Luke Wright, Darren Maddy and Chris Schofield (Eng) all made their T20I debuts.

text:
14 September
14:00
(scorecard)

text:
England
135 all out (20 overs)

v

 Australia
136/2 (14.5 overs)

Andrew Flintoff 31 (19)
Nathan Bracken 3/16 (4)

Matthew Hayden 67* (43)
Andrew Flintoff 1/25 (4)

text:
Australia won by 8 wickets
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
Umpires: Asad Rauf (Pak) and Ian Howell (SA)
Player of the match: Nathan Bracken (Aus)

text: Australia and England qualified for the Super 8s as a result of this match.

text: Group C[edit]

text:
Team
Seed
Pts
Pld
W
L
NR
NRR

 Sri Lanka
C2
4
2
2
0
0
+4.721

 New Zealand
C1
2
2
1
1
0
+2.396

 Kenya
C3
0
2
0
2
0
−8.047

text: In the first match Kenya scored the lowest Twenty20 International total of 73 against New Zealand and went on to lose with 12.2 overs and 9 wickets to spare. Kenya's fate was sealed when they allowed Sri Lanka to post a Twenty20 world record of 260 in the group's second match. Kenya were then bowled out for 88 and lost by a record 172 runs.

text:
12 September
10:00
(scorecard)

text:
Kenya
73 (16.5 overs)

v

 New Zealand
74/1 (7.4 overs)

Collins Obuya 18 (25)
Mark Gillespie 4/7 (2.5)

Lou Vincent 27 (20)
Thomas Odoyo 1/22 (3)

text:
New Zealand won by 9 wickets
Kingsmead, Durban
Umpires: Billy Doctrove (WI) and Simon Taufel (Aus)
Player of the match: Mark Gillespie (NZ)

text:
Nehemiah Odhiambo, Maurice Ouma (Ken) and Chris Martin (cricketer), Daniel Vettori (NZ) all made their T20I debuts.
Kenya's score of 73 all out was the lowest ever score in a Twenty20 International.

text:
14 September
10:00
(scorecard)

text:
Sri Lanka
260/6 (20 overs)

v

 Kenya
88 (19.3 overs)

Sanath Jayasuriya 88 (44)
Jimmy Kamande 3/48 (4)

Alex Obanda 21 (25)
Tillakaratne Dilshan 2/4 (1.3)

text:
Sri Lanka won by 172 runs
Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
Umpires: Daryl Harper (Aus) and Nigel Llong (Eng)
Player of the match: Sanath Jayasuriya (SL)

text:
Jehan Mubarak and Gayan Wijekoon (both SL) made their T20I debuts.
Sri Lanka's score of 260 for six was the highest recorded in any top-level Twenty20 match. They also recorded the largest margin of victory in Twenty20 Internationals.
Sri Lanka and New Zealand qualified for the Super 8s as a result of this match.

text:
15 September
14:00
(scorecard)

text:
New Zealand
164/7 (20 overs)

v

 Sri Lanka
168/3 (18.5 overs)

Ross Taylor 62 (42)
Dilhara Fernando 2/31 (4)

Sanath Jayasuriya 61 (44)
Daniel Vettori 2/23 (4)

text:
Sri Lanka won by 7 wickets
Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
Umpires: Mark Benson (Eng) Daryl Harper (Aus)
Player of the match: Sanath Jayasuriya (SL)

text: Group D[edit]

text:
Team
Seed
Pts
Pld
W
L
NR
NRR

 India
D2
3
2
1
0
1
  +0.000

 Pakistan
D1
2
2
1
1
0
+1.275

 Scotland
D3
1
2
0
1
1
−2.550

text: India and Pakistan played in the first ever World Twenty20 bowl-out. India's bowlers defeated Pakistan 3–0.

text:
12 September
14:00
(scorecard)

text:
Pakistan
171/9 (20 overs)

v

 Scotland
120 (19.5 overs)

Younis Khan 41 (29)
Craig Wright 3/29 (4)

Fraser Watts 46 (35)
Shahid Afridi 4/19 (4)

text:
Pakistan won by 51 runs
Kingsmead, Durban
Umpires: Steve Davis (Aus) and Simon Taufel (Aus)
Player of the match: Shahid Afridi

text:
13 September
18:00
(scorecard)

text:
India

v

 Scotland

text:
Match Abandoned – No Result
Kingsmead, Durban
Umpires: Steve Davis (Aus) and Simon Taufel (Aus)

text: Pakistan qualified for the Super 8s as a result of this match.

text:
14 September
18:00
(scorecard)

text:
India
141/9 (20 overs)

v

 Pakistan
141/7 (20 overs)

Robin Uthappa 50 (39)
Mohammad Asif 4/18 (4)

Misbah-ul-Haq 53 (35)
Irfan Pathan 2/20 (4)

text:
Match tied,  India won bowl-out (3–0, Ind X X X, Pak O O O)
Kingsmead, Durban
Umpires: Billy Doctrove (WI) and Simon Taufel (Aus)
Player of the match: Mohammad Asif

text:
Sohail Tanvir (Pak) made his T20I debut.
After the match ended in a tie, the winner was decided out of a bowl out. India won the bowl out and qualified for the Super 8s as a result of this match.

text: Super 8s[edit]

text: This tournament's Super Eight format was designed such that the top 2 seeds from each group was pre-decided at the start of the tournament. The actual performance of the team in the Group Stage played no role in determining if the team qualified into Super Eight Group E or F. For example, in Group C, though Sri Lanka finished with more points than New Zealand, for the purpose of the Super Eight groupings, New Zealand retained the group's top seed position (C1) while Sri Lanka retained the group's second seed position (C2).

text: In case a third-seeded team qualified ahead of the two top-seeded teams, it took on the seed of the eliminated team. This only happened in Group A, where Bangladesh (original seed A3) qualified ahead of West Indies (original seed A2) and therefore took on the A2 spot in Group F. The other seven top seeds qualified.[8]

text: The eight teams were divided into two groups of four teams each. The two top teams from each Super Eight group qualified for the semi-finals.

text: Group E[edit]

text:
Team
Pts
Pld
W
L
NR
NRR

 India
4
3
2
1
0
+0.750

 New Zealand
4
3
2
1
0
+0.050

 South Africa
4
3
2
1
0
−0.116

 England
0
3
0
3
0
−0.700

text:
16 September
10:00
(scorecard)

text:
New Zealand
190 (20 overs)

v

 India
180/9 (20 overs)

Brendon McCullum 45 (31)
Harbhajan Singh 2/24 (4)

Gautam Gambhir 51 (33)
Daniel Vettori 4/20 (4)

text:
New Zealand won by 10 runs
Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
Umpires: Mark Benson (Eng) and Nigel Llong (Eng)
Player of the match: Daniel Vettori (NZ)

text:
16 September
18:00
(scorecard)

text:
South Africa
154/8 (20 overs)

v

 England
135/7 (20 overs)

Albie Morkel 43 (20)
Stuart Broad 3/37 (4)

Owais Shah 36 (31)
Albie Morkel 2/12 (2)

text:
South Africa won by 19 runs
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
Umpires: Asad Rauf (Pak) and Tony Hill (NZ)
Player of the match: Albie Morkel (SA)

text:
18 September
10:00
(scorecard)

text:
New Zealand
164/9 (20 overs)

v

 England
159/8 (20 overs)

Craig McMillan 57 (31)
James Anderson 2/24 (4)

Darren Maddy 50 (31)
Shane Bond 2/20 (4)

text:
New Zealand won by 5 runs
Kingsmead, Durban
Umpires: Billy Doctrove (WI) and Simon Taufel (Aus)
Player of the match: Craig McMillan (NZ)

text:
19 September
14:00
(scorecard)

text:
New Zealand
153/8 (20 overs)

v

 South Africa
158/4 (19.1 overs)

Craig McMillan 48 (25)
Morné Morkel 4/16 (4)

Justin Kemp 89* (56)
Mark Gillespie 2/11 (3.1)

text:
South Africa won by 6 wickets
Kingsmead, Durban
Umpires: Billy Doctrove (WI) and Simon Taufel (Aus)
Player of the match: Justin Kemp (SA)

text:
Nathan McCullum (NZ) made his T20I debut.
England eliminated and lost the chance to play the semis as a result of this match.

text:
19 September
18:00
(scorecard)

text:
India
218/4 (20 overs)

v

 England
200/6 (20 overs)

Virender Sehwag 68 (42)
Chris Tremlett 2/45 (4)

Vikram Solanki 43 (31)
Irfan Pathan 3/37 (4)

text:
India won by 18 runs
Kingsmead, Durban
Umpires: Billy Doctrove (WI) and Simon Taufel (Aus)
Player of the match: Yuvraj Singh (Ind)

text:
Rohit Sharma, Joginder Sharma (Ind) and Chris Tremlett (Eng) made their T20I debuts.
Yuvraj Singh scored the fastest fifty in an official Twenty20 International from just 12 deliveries faced (previous best was 20 balls by Mohammed Ashraful in the same tournament) and also became the fourth cricketer in all official forms of cricket and the first in Twenty20 to hit 6 sixes in an over. Stuart Broad was the bowler.
This was the highest score against a Test team during the tournament.

text:
20 September
18:00
(scorecard)

text:
India
153/5 (20 overs)

v

 South Africa
116/9 (20 overs)

Rohit Sharma 50 (40)
Shaun Pollock 2/17 (4)

Albie Morkel 36 (37)
R. P. Singh 4/13 (4)

text:
India won by 37 runs
Kingsmead, Durban
Umpires: Billy Doctrove (WI) and Simon Taufel (Aus)
Player of the match: Rohit Sharma (Ind)

text: After three teams finished on equal points New Zealand and India advanced to the semi-finals by having higher net run rates. The hosts, South Africa, were eliminated as a result of this match.

text: Group F[edit]

text:
Team
Pts
Pld
W
L
NR
NRR

 Pakistan
6
3
3
0
0
+0.843

 Australia
4
3
2
1
0
+2.256

 Sri Lanka
2
3
1
2
0
−0.697

 Bangladesh
0
3
0
3
0
−2.031

text:
16 September
14:00
(scorecard)

text:
Bangladesh
123/8 (20 overs)

v

 Australia
124/1 (13.5 overs)

Tamim Iqbal 32 (40)
Brett Lee 3/27 (4)

Matthew Hayden 73* (48)
Mashrafe Mortaza 0/27 (3.5)

text:
Australia won by 9 wickets
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
Umpires: Asad Rauf (Pak) and Ian Howell (SA)
Player of the match: Brett Lee (Aus)

text: Brett Lee took the first ever hat-trick in a T20I match.[9]

text:
17 September
18:00
(scorecard)

text:
Pakistan
189/6 (20 overs)

v

 Sri Lanka
156/9 (20 overs)

Shoaib Malik 57 (31)
Lasith Malinga 3/43 (4)

Chamara Silva 38 (27)
Shahid Afridi 3/18 (4)

text:
Pakistan won by 33 runs
Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
Umpires: Daryl Harper (Aus) and Nigel Llong (Eng)
Player of the match: Younis Khan (Pak)

text:
18 September
14:00
(scorecard)

text:
Australia
164/7 (20 overs)

v

 Pakistan
165/4 (19.1 overs)

Michael Hussey 37 (25)
Sohail Tanvir 3/31 (4)

Misbah-ul-Haq 66 (42)
Stuart Clark 3/27 (4)

text:
Pakistan won by 6 wickets
Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
Umpires: Mark Benson (Eng) and Nigel Llong (Eng)
Player of the match: Misbah-ul-Haq (Pak)

text:
18 September
18:00
(scorecard)

text:
Sri Lanka
147/5 (20 overs)

v

 Bangladesh
83 (15.5 overs)

Jehan Mubarak 31* (19)
Mahmudullah 1/19 (4)

Aftab Ahmed 18 (11)
Sanath Jayasuriya 2/4 (1.5)

text:
Sri Lanka won by 64 runs
Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
Umpires: Mark Benson (Eng) and Daryl Harper (Aus)
Player of the match: Dilhara Fernando (Sri)

text:
Pakistan qualified for the semi-finals as a result of this match.
Bangladesh was eliminated from the tournament.

text:
20 September
10:00
(scorecard)

text:
Sri Lanka
101 (19.3 overs)

v

 Australia
102/0 (10.2 overs)

Jehan Mubarak 28 (26)
Stuart Clark 4/20 (4)

Matthew Hayden 58* (38)

text:
Australia won by 10 wickets
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
Umpires: Asad Rauf (Pak) and Ian Howell (SA)
Player of the match: Stuart Clark (Aus)

text:
Australia qualified for the semi-finals as a result of this match.
Sri Lanka was eliminated from the tournament.
This was the first time a team chased a total in the tournament with all 10 wickets intact, making it the biggest margin of victory in terms of wickets.

text:
20 September
14:00
(scorecard)

text:
Bangladesh
140 (19.4 overs)

v

 Pakistan
141/6 (19 overs)

Junaid Siddique 71 (49)
Shoaib Malik 2/15 (2)

Shahid Afridi 39 (15)
Abdur Razzak 2/16 (4)

text:
Pakistan won by 4 wickets
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
Umpires: Ian Howell (SA) and Tony Hill (NZ)
Player of the match: Junaid Siddique (Ban)

text: Knockout stages[edit]

text:
Semi-finals

Final

22 September – Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town

   New Zealand
143/8 (20 ov)

   Pakistan
147/4 (18.5 ov)

24 September – Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg

  Pakistan
152 (19.3 ov)

  India
157/5 (20 ov)

22 September – Kingsmead, Durban

   India
188/5 (20 ov)

   Australia
173/7 (20 ov)

text: Semi-finals[edit]

text:
22 September
13:00
(scorecard)

text:
New Zealand
143/8 (20 overs)

v

 Pakistan
147/4 (18.5 overs)

Ross Taylor 37* (23)
Umar Gul 3/15 (4)

Imran Nazir 59 (41)
Scott Styris 1/14 (3)

text:
Pakistan won by 6 wickets
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
Attendance: 18 734
Umpires: Daryl Harper (AUS) and Simon Taufel (AUS)
Player of the match: Umar Gul (Pak)

text:
22 September
18:00
(scorecard)

text:
India
188/5 (20 overs)

v

 Australia
173/7 (20 overs)

Yuvraj Singh 70 (30)
Mitchell Johnson 2/31 (4)

Matthew Hayden 62 (47)
Sreesanth 2/12 (4)

text:
India won by 15 runs
Kingsmead, Durban
Umpires: Asad Rauf (PAK) and MR Benson (ENG)
Player of the match: Yuvraj Singh (Ind)

text: Final[edit]

text:
24 September
14:00
(scorecard)

text:
India
157/5 (20 overs)

v

 Pakistan
152 all out (19.3 overs)

Gautam Gambhir 75 (54)
Umar Gul 3/38 (4)

Misbah-ul-Haq 43 (38)
Irfan Pathan 3/16 (4)

text:
India won by 5 runs
Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg
Attendance: 32,217
Umpires: Mark Benson (ENG), Simon Taufel (AUS)
Player of the match: Irfan Pathan (Ind)

text: Yusuf Pathan (Ind) made his T20I debut.

text: India won the toss and chose to bat on what was considered to be a traditionally batsman-friendly pitch at the Bullring.[10] Umar Gul took the wickets of both Yuvraj Singh and Mahendra Singh Dhoni, leaving India with 157/5 in 20 overs; only Gautam Gambhir (75 from 54 balls) produced a notable innings. A 21-run over from Sreesanth swung the game towards Pakistan. However, Irfan Pathan (3–16) and Joginder Sharma (2–20) slowed the scoring dramatically. With Pakistan needing 54 from 24 balls, Misbah-ul-Haq hit 3 sixes off Harbhajan Singh in one over. Sreesanth was also dispatched for 2 sixes but took the wicket of Sohail Tanvir, as Pakistan went into the last over needing 13 runs to win, with only 1 wicket remaining. Joginder Sharma bowled a wide first ball, followed by a dot ball. Misbah followed by taking six off a full-toss; Pakistan needed just 6 runs to win from the last four balls. Misbah attempted to hit the next ball with a paddle-scoop over fine leg, but he only managed to sky the ball, and it was caught at short fine-leg by Sreesanth, leaving Pakistan all out for 152 runs. Irfan Pathan was awarded the Man of the Match for his spell, which included 3 wickets for 16 runs, including that of Man of the Series, Shahid Afridi.

text: Records and statistics[edit]

text: Venues[edit]

text: All matches were played at the following three grounds:

text:
Newlands Cricket Ground, Cape Town
Sahara Stadium Kingsmead, Durban
Wanderers Stadium, Johannesburg

text: Match officials[edit]

text: The umpires were selected from the Elite Panel of ICC Umpires and the ICC International umpire panel and the referees from the Panel of ICC Referees.

text: Media coverage[edit]

text: Coverage of the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 was as follows:

text:
Television networks

Africa — Supersport (Live)
Australia — Fox Sports (Live)
Australia — Nine Network
Bangladesh — Bangladesh Television(In group stage 2 Bangladesh match only) (Live)
Canada — Asian Television Network (Live)
Caribbean – Caribbean Media Corporation (Live)
India — ESPN (Live) – English
India — STAR Cricket (Live) – Hindi
Jamaica – Television Jamaica (Live)
Middle East – Ten Sports (Live)
New Zealand — SKY Network Television (Live)
Pakistan — GEO Super (Live)
Pakistan – Pakistan Television Corporation (Live)
Sri Lanka — Sirasa Network (Live)
United Kingdom — Sky Sports (Live)
United States — DirecTV CricketTicket (Live)

Radio Networks

Africa — All Jazz Radio
Australia — Australian live radio
Bangladesh — DhakaFM
Canada — CBC radio one
Caribbean; Radio airplay
India — All India Radio
Jamaica – Radio Jamaica Limited
Middle East – Top Fm radio
New Zealand — Radio pacific
Pakistan — Radio Pakistan
Sri Lanka — Radio Sri Lanka, Sinhala Radio Service
United Kingdom — BBC Radio 5 Live
United States — WHTZ-FM – Z-100

References[edit]

Jump up ^ "T20 World Cup 2007". cricketwa. Retrieved 2015-12-22.
Jump up ^ Soni, Paresh (24 September 2007). "ICC World Twenty20". BBC. Retrieved 2007-09-24. India beat Pakistan in the World Twenty20 final by five runs to clinch their first major trophy since 1983.
Jump up ^ Playing conditions Archived 20 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine., from ICC World Twenty20 homepage, retrieved 12 September 2007
Jump up ^ Final WorldTwenty20 Playing conditions Archived 11 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine., from ICC World Twenty20 homepage, retrieved 12 September 2007
Jump up ^ A long way from home "... place among the big boys in the inaugural Twenty20 World Championship in South Africa this September ..." from Cricinfo, retrieved 9 April 2007
Jump up ^ "Twenty20 WC: India, Pak in same group". Rediff.com. 13 June 2007. Archived from the original on 17 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
Jump up ^ "Twenty20 World Championship Schedule announced". SportsAustralia.com. 15 May 2007. Archived from the original on 17 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-14.
Jump up ^ Tournament format, from ICC World Twenty20 homepage, retrieved 8 September 2007
Jump up ^ Veera, Sriram (16 September 2007). "Hayden and Lee power Australian win". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
Jump up ^ "Arch rivals sight redemption in dream T20 final". AFP. 23 September 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-25. With fellow master-blasters Dhoni and Pakistan's Shahid Afridi both due to take the field at the batsman-friendly Wanderers here, a sell-out crowd on what is a bank holiday in South Africa can expect another run-fest.

External links[edit]

Recent rule changes for Twenty20 Cricket. Follow the link to download a .pdf file of ALL the rules

Wikinews has news related to:
2007 Twenty20 World Championship

Official Website
2007 World Twenty20 Championship Latest News
CricketEurope article on ICC World Twenty20
Cricinfo article on ground allocation
Sky Sports News
BBC Sport article on fixture announcement
Official fixture list, from Cricket South Africa
Match Statistics & Results on ESPNcricinfo
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[show]

v
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ICC World Twenty20

Tournaments

South Africa 2007
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West Indies 2010
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Qualifying

2007
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Finals

2007
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Squads

2007
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2007
2009
2010
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Awards
Format
History
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2007 ICC World Twenty20 general information

Squads

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Stats & Records

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International cricket in 2007–08

Preceding season: International cricket in 2007

September 2007

2007 ICC World Twenty20

October 2007

Pakistan v South Africa
India v Australia
Intercontinental Cup

November 2007

Sri Lanka v England
Australia v Sri Lanka
India v Pakistan
South Africa v New Zealand
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December 2007

Chappell–Hadlee Trophy
Australia v India
South Africa v West Indies
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January 2008

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February 2008

ICC U/19 Cricket World Cup
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March 2008

India v South Africa
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Following season: International cricket in 2008

text: 2007 ICC World Twenty202007 in South African cricketICC World Twenty20International cricket competitions in 2007International cricket competitions in South AfricaSeptember 2007 sports events

text: Webarchive template wayback linksUse dmy dates from February 2013


document_title: List of If Loving You Is Wrong episodes

question_text: when is the season finale of if loving you is wrong

root

text: List of If Loving You Is Wrong episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
20
September 9, 2014 (2014-09-09)
May 26, 2015 (2015-05-26)

2
22
September 22, 2015 (2015-09-22)
May 24, 2016 (2016-05-24)

3
22
September 13, 2016 (2016-09-13)
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)

4
18
September 19, 2017 (2017-09-19)
March 7, 2018 (2018-03-07)

tag: table

text: Season 1 (2014–15)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(million)

1
1
"A Twisted Affair"
September 9, 2014 (2014-09-09)
1.93[1]

Alex takes a pregnancy test because everyone thinks she's pregnant. Her husband Brad loves his job more than he loves her, but wants to make up for it. Esperanza deals with her ex-husband. Kelly wants to buy a house for her boyfriend Travis and her son Justice.
Note: The character Esperanza (played by Zulay Henao) is based on the character of the same name (also played by Zulay Henao) from the feature film The Single Moms Club. The character Natalie is based on the character Lytia Wright from The Single Moms Club.
Differences from the movie: (1) The girls meet because their kids are on the same sports team; unlike the movie, where their kids got into trouble in school. (2) Esperanza's character and storyline is rebooted and her ex-husband is more aggressive.

2
2
"Shots Fired"
September 9, 2014 (2014-09-09)
1.92[1]

Kelly buys a home in Alex and Marcie's neighborhood; meanwhile, the identification of Esperanza's new lover, is revealed to Edward.

3
3
"Alex Is Pregnant"
September 16, 2014 (2014-09-16)
1.80[2]

Brad and Alex help Kelly move into her new house, his suspicions of Alex's infidelity are put on hold after she reveals she is pregnant.

4
4
"The Colombian"
September 23, 2014 (2014-09-23)
1.64[3]

Travis comes back from his mission trip to Haiti and drops a bombshell on Kelly. Meanwhile, Esperanza finds out that Julius' father is the head of a Colombian cartel.

5
5
"The War Begins"
September 30, 2014 (2014-09-30)[4]
1.54[5]

Kelly's world is rocked when Travis reveals that he is engaged to another woman. Meanwhile, Alex tries to confirm that Brad is the father of her child.

6
6
"Game Night"
October 7, 2014 (2014-10-07)[4]
1.80[6]

After Eddie's house gets sprayed with gunfire, Lushion finally has an interview at the police station. Travis goes to see Kelly with the hopes of remaining in her life. During game night at Alex and Brad's house, a game of truth with Randall and Marcie leads to some awkward moments for everyone.

7
7
"After Heartbreak"
October 14, 2014 (2014-10-14)[4]
1.65[7]

Kelly makes plans to sell her house. Marcie and Brad become more suspicious of their spouses.

8
8
"14 Weeks"
October 21, 2014 (2014-10-21)[4]
1.68[8]

Alex finds out that she's further along in her pregnancy than she originally thought.

9
9
"Peppa"
October 28, 2014 (2014-10-28)[4]
1.74[9]

Natalie points the finger at Joey when Burger Fast is robbed. Marcie finds out Randall is sneaking around with a woman named "Peppa".

10
10
"Look Closely"
November 4, 2014 (2014-11-04)[4]
1.87[10]

In need of a distraction from her own drama, Kelly helps Marcie find "Peppa's" true identity.

11
11
"The Lady Next Door"
March 24, 2015 (2015-03-24)[11]
2.99[12]

Marcie has discovered the truth about Randall's affair; she makes a scene at Brad's birthday party. Everyone is thinking it was Kelly who was having the affair with Randall. It is later revealed that it was Alex who is "Peppa". Brad and Edward both attack Randall and beat him up for the deception.

12
12
"Girlfriends"
March 31, 2015 (2015-03-31)[4]
2.53[13]

After, Alex's affair with Randall is exposed. Kelly, Natalie and Esperanza try to comfort her. Brad and Eddie talk over what to do about the affair. Kelly gets a visit from Travis, who claims to still be in with her. Joey has a run-in with some guys from his old gang. Brad pulls a gun on Alex.

13
13
"Fatherless Boys"
April 7, 2015 (2015-04-07)[4]
2.02[14]

Brad is looking for Randall. Travis tells Justice that he is not his biological father, at the same time his mother comes to apologize to Kelly. Marcie is looking for a place to stay and comes to Kelly for comfort. Joey wants to work at a chemical plant but Natalie doesn't want him to work there. Meanwhile, things are getting heated between Eddie and Lushion.

14
14
"Who Knew"
April 14, 2015 (2015-04-14)[4]
2.28[15]

Brad questions all of the girls about the affair. The police come to Randall's house after getting reports of gunfire. Eddie arrests Randall. Lushion stands up to Eddie. Marcie becomes unstable when showing a house to an interracial couple.

15
15
"Marcie & Brad"
April 21, 2015 (2015-04-21)[4]
2.21[16]

Marcie tries to hold it together when she confronts Alex. Randall hires a lawyer specializing in discrimination. Joey is still trying to get a job but things aren't looking up. Lushion and Natalie discuss living arraignments. Meanwhile, Marcie and Brad plot to have sex to get back at Alex and Randall.

16
16
"Whose Baby?"
April 28, 2015 (2015-04-28)[4]
1.97[17]

Marcie and Brad find out they have more in common than they expected. Alex experiences contraction-like symptoms. Brad demands that Alex get a paternity test from the doctor.

17
17
"The Randall Connection"
May 5, 2015 (2015-05-05)
1.95[18]

Randall tells Marcie he's the father of Alex's unborn child. Alex and Brad's kids see him sleeping on the couch and question their parents. Eddie feels uneasy, so he tries to make things right with Lushion. Joey gets some helpful advice from Faun but things go wrong when Quan shows up, to threaten his family. Randall finds out Eddie's secret and uses it against him.

18
18
"The Debt"
May 12, 2015 (2015-05-12)
2.07[19]

Edward is targeted in an act of revenge for taking money from Quan. Marcie confronts Alex about her sexual history. Esperanza gets a visit from Randall's lawyer. Meanwhile, being a stay-at-home mom has its disadvantages, when Randall shows up at Alex's front door. Quan struggles to pay back the debt he owes Julius.

19
19
"Nine P.M."
May 19, 2015 (2015-05-19)
2.21[20]

Eddie is rushed to the hospital after getting shot in the last episode. While struggling for his life, Esperanza is distraught but things worsen when Eddie's wife shows up. Travis comes to Kelly's job and she finds herself tempted. Brad helps Peter with his Mother's Day homework. Peter gets suspicious over Brad's behavior.

20
20
"Alex's Baby"
May 26, 2015 (2015-05-26)
2.05[21]

Marcie tells the neighbors about the Randall-Alex affair and Brad threatens Randall. Alex goes into labor; Natalie begs Lushion to quit the force; Edward confesses his feelings for Esperanza.

text: Season 2 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(million)

21
1
"Miss Louise"
September 22, 2015 (2015-09-22)
2.90[22]

Kelly, Esperanza, and Natalie try to calm down Brad when he discovers that he isn't the father of Alex's newborn baby boy; As Marcie struggles with her and Randal's relationship a surprise lies ahead, a visit from her mother-in-law, Louise.

22
2
"The Beauty That Is"
September 29, 2015 (2015-09-29)
2.32[23]

The ladies show their support for Alex as she deals with giving birth with Randal's child.

23
3
"The Painter"
October 6, 2015 (2015-10-06)
2.05[24]

Alex dreams of how her affair with Randal started.

24
4
"Blonde Hair, Blue Eyes"
October 13, 2015 (2015-10-13)
1.96[25]

Louise gives up information about Randal attraction to blonde women with blue eyes, making Marcie jealous.

25
5
"The Shed"
October 20, 2015 (2015-10-20)
2.01[26]

Randal finds out karma does exists. Natalie catches Joey and Faun having sex at her restaurant.

26
6
"Being a Woman"
October 27, 2015 (2015-10-27)
2.44[27]

Randal's wife and mother deal with their conflicted feelings.

27
7
"Joey and Faun"
November 3, 2015 (2015-11-03)
2.28[28]

Marcie gains an unexpected ally; Faun tries to reconcile with Natalie.

28
8
"The Tape"
November 10, 2015 (2015-11-10)
2.43[29]

Eddie and Ben go forward with plans to take down their enemies.

29
9
"He's Beautiful"
November 17, 2015 (2015-11-17)
2.23[30]

Brad surprises Alex with something terrible.

30
10
"Time For A Cigar"
November 24, 2015 (2015-11-24)
2.19[31]

Because of his betrayal, Brad taunts Randal, causing a fight between the two at the hospital.

31
11
"Out of Control"
December 1, 2015 (2015-12-01)
2.51[32]

Edward plans out something vicious. Alex gets released from the hospital.

32
12
"Mortal & Fifth"
March 15, 2016 (2016-03-15)
2.47[33]

A horrible ambush ends in catastrophe.

33
13
"The Last Word"
March 22, 2016 (2016-03-22)
2.20[34]

Randal confronts his wife about her infidelity.

34
14
"Backfired"
March 29, 2016 (2016-03-29)
2.19[35]

Kelly does her best to protect Alex.

35
15
"Randal's Wicked Web"
April 5, 2016 (2016-04-05)
1.99[36]

Randal comes for Alex and Brad.

36
16
"A Mother's Love"
April 12, 2016 (2016-04-12)
2.19[37]

Alex realizes the debts of Randal's evil

37
17
"Betting on Tina"
April 19, 2016 (2016-04-19)
2.20[38]

Eddie finds that a nurse is his most formidable opponent. The ladies spend the night at Alex's house.

38
18
"The Brown Paper Bag"
April 26, 2016 (2016-04-26)
2.05[39]

Lushion searches high and low for a piece of evidence. Kelly and Esperanza talk Alex into letting Randal see the baby.

39
19
"For Pete"
May 3, 2016 (2016-05-03)
2.30[40]

Lushion takes a stand against corruption. Alex agrees to let Randal see the baby.

40
20
"The Will"
May 10, 2016 (2016-05-10)
2.37[41]

Julius faces a shocking blow.

41
21
"An Evil Alliance"
May 17, 2016 (2016-05-17)
2.28[42]

An alliance is formed. Alex receives custody notices from Randal.

42
22
"The Wicked Soul"
May 24, 2016 (2016-05-24)
2.39[43]

Lushion confesses a secret. Alex begs her parents for help with Randal.

text: Season 3 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(million)

43
1
"Watch Your Back"
September 13, 2016 (2016-09-13)
2.94[44]

In the Season 3 premiere, Alex discovers a terrible scene.

44
2
"911 Emergency"
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
2.33[45]

In a fit of desperation, Alex leaves home and takes matters into her own hands.

45
3

September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27)
2.16[46]

Natalie waits for news about Joey while the police try to locate Alex's baby.

46
4
"You're The Boss"
October 4, 2016 (2016-10-04)
2.06[47]

Edward oversteps his authority in front of Steven and is reminded who the boss really is.

47
5
"An Unlikely Suspect"
October 11, 2016 (2016-10-11)
2.25[48]

A crime shocks the town of Maxine; the police identify a suspect.

48
6
"The Power Of Love"
October 18, 2016 (2016-10-18)
2.03[49]

Police interrogate their top suspect in the crime that has shocked the town.

49
7
"The Wages Of Sin"
October 25, 2016 (2016-10-25)
2.08[50]

The police question Brad as Joey fights for his life.

50
8
"Keeping Watch"
November 1, 2016 (2016-11-01)
1.89[51]

Edward tries to wake Louise while she is unconscious in an effort to see what she knows about Brad; Lushion scolds an agent who wasn't keeping tabs on Pete's room.

51
9
"A Room For You"
November 15, 2016 (2016-11-15)
2.05[52]

Alex and Andrew wait for backup on a quiet country road; things are not quiet at the hospital.

52
10
"Every Minute Counts"
November 22, 2016 (2016-11-22)
2.00[53]

Marcie learns life-altering news and her life will never be the same.

53
11
"Rusty's Brand Of Justice"
November 29, 2016 (2016-11-29)
2.41[54]

On the mid-season finale, Rusty issues his brand of justice.

54
12
"A Neighborhood In Crisis"
March 21, 2017 (2017-03-21)
1.96[55]

Kelly learns the shocking whereabouts of her neighbor Ramsey and Alex finally saves her baby.

55
13
"Sui Ling Mai"
March 28, 2017 (2017-03-28)
1.97[56]

Pete takes on an alias to keep himself out of Edward's grasp. Kelly attempts to distance herself from Travis. Marcie and Brad confess their love for each other.

56
14
"A Fatal Attraction"
April 4, 2017 (2017-04-04)
1.89[57]

Travis loses his mind and becomes a crazed predator. Alex and Randall face off in court.

57
15
"The Missing Person"
April 11, 2017 (2017-04-11)
2.03[58]

The police are searching for the missing Andrew. Alex reveals shocking news.

58
16
"The Mail Man"
April 18, 2017 (2017-04-18)
1.87[59]

Kelly panics when she learns the crime Travis has committed.

59
17
"Tippa Haynes"
April 25, 2017 (2017-04-25)
1.92[60]

Randal questions the paternity of Alex's baby. Marcie struggles of telling Brad about her pregnancy.

60
18
"The Party Just Arrived"
May 2, 2017 (2017-05-02)
1.85[61]

Dianne confronts and bullies Kelly with outrageous demands, while Randal warns Natalie that Lushion is cheating on her.

61
19
"Don't Lose Your Deposit"
May 9, 2017 (2017-05-09)
N/A

Louise gives Marcie advice about Brad. Marcie taunts Alex.

62
20
"No One Is Safe"
May 16, 2017 (2017-05-16)
N/A

Kelly finds herself in an all-to-familiar predicament with a man she just can't get rid of.

63
21
"Angry Men"
May 23, 2017 (2017-05-23)
N/A

Travis acts on his vengeful impulses.

64
22
"Sound The Alarm"
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
N/A

In the Season 3 finale, Kelly learns a new way to protect herself from Travis, Alex is finally granted custody of her baby, and Eddie gets taken down.

text: Season 4 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(million)

65
1
"A Difficult Path"
September 19, 2017 (2017-09-19)
1.89[62]

In the Season 4 premiere, the Maxine community is left unsteady after an incident endangers the lives of all the children in the neighborhood.

66
2
"Justice"
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
1.70[63]

Kelly finds herself in legal trouble that endangers her freedom. Randal continues to antagonize Marcie and Brad.

67
3
"In Distress"
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
1.93[64]

Lushion tries to get Kelly out of a horrible situation.

68
4
"Enemy Secrets"
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
1.81[65]

Kelly gets help for her legal troubles. Eddie declares war against Steven and Lushion.

69
5
"A Taste Of Freedom"
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
1.84[66]

Randall continues his intensified harassment on all his neighbors, especially those of Brad and Alex.

70
6
"Falling"
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
1.79[67]

Brad seeks revenge against Randall, almost injuring him seriously. Much to Randall's dismay, it's not giving him much help by calling the police.

71
7
"Something Is Rotten"
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
1.72[68]

Randall secretly undermines Marcie in her attempts to seek legal counsel against him; Also, Eddie surprises Esperanza and is shocked in anger by his discovery.

72
8
"Dark Intentions"
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
1.79[69]

Lushion comes to Kelly's aid by going after Travis; Steven reveals his true feelings to Esperanza.

73
9
"Chains, Guns, and Automobiles"
November 21, 2017 (2017-11-21)
1.77[70]

Larry, the attorney, mistakenly breaks Marcie's confidence, leaving Marcie in great peril. Travis goes after Kelly in the dead of night.

74
10
"A Dame In Distress"
January 10, 2018 (2018-01-10)
1.39[71]

Randall enacts a terrible game of vengeance against Eddie; Eddie must depend on Lushion to call for help.

75
11
"The Porch Light"[72]
January 17, 2018 (2018-01-17)
1.60[73]

Lushion reluctantly comes to Eddie's rescue; and Eddie vows revenge against Randall and his attorney, Larry.

76
12
"The Papers"
January 24, 2018 (2018-01-24)
1.55[74]

Kelly finds out she has been betrayed by her lawyer, Ian; Steven continues his pursuit of Esperanza.

77
13
"Hanging in the Balance"
January 31, 2018 (2018-01-31)
1.47[75]

Eddie seeks out vengeance against attorney Larry.

78
14
"The Battleground State"
February 7, 2018 (2018-02-07)
1.52[76]

Randall schemes up a plan to destroy Marcie so he gets some high-maintenance assistance; Kelly's son, Justice, becomes traumatized by his mother's legal troubles.

79
15
"Golfer"
February 14, 2018 (2018-02-14)
1.46[77]

Marcie finds a lawyer, who she hopes to be a strong ally in her fight against her devious husband Randal; Brad gives Alex an ultimatum that forces her to make a promise she will have a difficult time keeping.

80
16
"Rock Solid"
February 21, 2018 (2018-02-21)
1.49[78]

Randal sounds alarm bells informing the police and law firm that Larry may be missing and in danger.

81
17
"In God's Hands"
February 28, 2018 (2018-02-28)
1.53[79]

Lushion confronts Eddie about Larry's whereabouts; Randal confronts Dr. Raston with a criminal accusation.

82
18
"Behind Enemy Lines"
March 7, 2018 (2018-03-07)
1.55[80]

In the Season 4 finale, the sins of the neighborhood come to a head in catastrophic events across the city.

text: Christ The Mystery Of God Revealed

tag: p


document_title: Big Walker Mountain Tunnel

question_text: when was the big walker mountain tunnel built

text: Big Walker Mountain Tunnel

text:
Big Walker Mountain Tunnel

Detailed shot of northbound entrance

Overview

Official name
Big Walker Mountain Tunnel

Location
Bland / Wythe counties, Virginia, USA

Coordinates
37°2′19″N 81°7′51″W / 37.03861°N 81.13083°W / 37.03861; -81.13083Coordinates: 37°2′19″N 81°7′51″W / 37.03861°N 81.13083°W / 37.03861; -81.13083

Route
 I‑77

Operation

Opened
1972

Toll
None

Technical

Length
4,229 ft (1,289.00 m)

No. of lanes
4

text: The Big Walker Mountain Tunnel is a vehicular tunnel in the Appalachian Mountains of Southwest Virginia that carries Interstate 77 through/under Big Walker Mountain. It is located a few miles south of the town of Bland and a segment of the Appalachian Trail, and about 20 miles (32 km) south of its longer cousin, the East River Mountain Tunnel.

text: History[edit]

text: The 4,229-foot (1,288 m) tunnel was first opened in 1972 after five years of construction labor. It carried a price tag of $50 million, which at the time was the most expensive single project undertaken on Virginia's interstate system.[1] The opening of the tunnel reduced the travel time from Wytheville to Bland County by 30 minutes.[2]

text: Preliminary engineering studies for the project were made by Brokenborough & Watkins, consulting engineers of Richmond, Virginia, and the final design of the roadway and tunnel was by Singstad & Kehart, consulting engineers of New York City.

text: The tunnel approaches and surrounding area can be viewed from the Big Walker Lookout, a 100-foot observation tower built on a nearby peak.


document_title: Spain during World War I

question_text: on what side of the first world war did spain fight

text: Spain during World War I

text:
showThis article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish.  (March 2018) Click [show] for important translation instructions.
View a machine-translated version of the Spanish article.
Google's machine translation is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary (using German): Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Exact name of German article]]; see its history for attribution.
You should also add the template {{Translated|es|España en la Primera Guerra Mundial}} to the talk page.
For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

text: Spain remained neutral throughout World War I between 28 July 1914 and 11 November 1918, and despite domestic economic difficulties,[1] it was considered "one of the most important neutral countries in Europe by 1915".[2] Spain had enjoyed neutrality during the political difficulties of pre-war Europe, and continued its neutrality after the war until the Spanish Civil War began in 1936.[2] While there was no direct military involvement in the war, German forces were interned in Spanish Guinea in late 1915.

text: The Spanish prime minister, Eduardo Dato, a Conservative, declared neutrality by Royal Decree on 7 August 1914:[3]

text: "Existent, sadly, the state of war between Austria, Hungary and Serbia [...] the Government of His Majesty believes in the duty to order the strictest neutrality to Spanish subjects."

text: Dato was applauded for this in the Cortes when they reconvened on 30 October. Opinion among the public was divided. The upper classes (the aristocracy and the rich bourgeoisie), the Catholic Church and the Spanish Army generally favoured the Central Powers, usually identified with Germany. Among political parties, the Germanophile tendency was represented among the reactionary Carlists and the conservative Mauristas, followers of Antonio Maura, who himself favoured closer ties with the Allies because of Spain's 1907 pact with Britain and France, which was designed to head off German colonialism in north Africa. Pro-Allied sentiment, which was generally Francophile, was most common among the middle and professional classes and intellectuals. It was common among Catalan nationalists, Republicans and Socialists. A few Liberals, including Álvaro de Figueroa, leader of the opposition in the Cortes, were also pro-Allied.[4]

text: As early as August 1914, some Catalans were volunteering in the French Army, mainly the Foreign Legion. In 1915, they founded their own magazine, Iberia, to defend and propagate their cause. In February 1916, the Comitè de Germanor (Committee of Brotherhood) was set up in Barcelona to recruit for the Legion. Over 2,000 Spaniards ultimately served in the Legion, the majority of them Catalans.[5]

text: In 1916, the Fernando Po Affair threatened the Spanish neutrality.[6][7]

text: Spanish industry in the north and east of the country expanded as demand rose among the warring powers for Spanish goods. The inflow of capital produced inflation and imports dropped, exacerbating the poverty of the rural areas and the south. The growing poverty intensified internal migration to the industrial areas, and the railway system was unable to bear the increased demand. The shortage of basic commodities became known as the crisis de subsistencias. In 1915, food riots erupted in some cities, and in December 1915, the government resigned, to be replaced by a Liberal government under Figueroa.[8] In July 1916, the two main trade unions, the socialist Unión General de Trabajadores and the anarchosyndicalist Confederación Nacional del Trabajo, joined forces to put pressure on the Liberal government. In March 1917 they even threatened to start a general strike. Their example inspired military officers to form unions of their own, the juntas de defensa. The officers' goal was to prevent the passage of the Bill of Military Reform tabled in the Cortes in 1916. It sought to professionalise the military by introducing intellectual and physical tests as prerequisites for promotions; the ultimate goal was a reduction in the size of the bloated officers corps. The juntas de defensa demanded promotions and pay increases based strictly on seniority.[9]

text: The war had a significant impact on the construction program of the Spanish Navy. The second and third España-class battleships, built in Spain between 1910 and 1919, were delayed significantly because of material shortages from Britain.[10] Most importantly, the main battery guns for Jaime I did not arrive until 1919, after the war had ended.[11] The projected Reina Victoria Eugenia-class battleships, which also would have relied heavily on imported guns and armour plate, were cancelled outright after the war started.[12]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Tirado 2000, pp. 18–41.

^ Jump up to: a b McEvoy 2003.

Jump up ^ http://www.elmundo.es/especiales/primera-guerra-mundial/vivencias/neutralidad-espana.html

Jump up ^ Romero 1999, pp. 32–34.

Jump up ^ Romero 1999, p. 35.

Jump up ^ Strachan 2003, pp. 612.

Jump up ^ Murphy 2014.

Jump up ^ Romero 1999, p. 36.

Jump up ^ Romero 1999, p. 37.

Jump up ^ Fitzsimons 1979, p. 856.

Jump up ^ Fernández, Mitiukov & Crawford 2007, p. 73.

Jump up ^ Garzke & Dulin 1985, p. 438.

text: External Links[edit]

text:
Articles relating to Spain at the International Encyclopedia of the First World War.
Ponce, Javier: Spain , in: 1914-1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War.

tag: ul


document_title: Full Metal Jacket

question_text: who played private joker in full metal jacket

text: Full Metal Jacket

text: Plot[edit]

text: During the Vietnam War, a group of new U.S. Marine Corps recruits arrive at Parris Island, South Carolina, for basic training. After having their heads shaved, they meet Senior Drill Instructor Gunnery Sergeant Hartman, who employs forceful methods to turn the recruits into combat-ready Marines. Among the recruits are Privates "Joker", "Cowboy", and the overweight, bumbling Leonard Lawrence, who earns the nickname "Gomer Pyle" after incurring Hartman's wrath.

text: Unresponsive to Hartman's harsh discipline, Pyle is eventually assigned to Joker's squad. Pyle improves with Joker's help, but his progress halts when Hartman discovers a contraband jelly doughnut in Pyle's foot locker. Believing the recruits have failed to improve Pyle, Hartman adopts a collective punishment policy: every mistake Pyle makes will earn punishment for the rest of the platoon, with Pyle being spared. In retaliation for Pyle's failures, the platoon hazes him with a blanket party, restraining him in his bunk while beating him with bars of soap wrapped in towels and used like blackjacks. After this incident, Pyle reinvents himself as a model Marine. This impresses Hartman but worries Joker, who recognizes signs of mental breakdown in Pyle, such as him talking to his M14 rifle.

text: Following their graduation, the recruits receive their Military Occupational Specialty assignments; Joker is assigned to Basic Military Journalism, while most of the others (including Cowboy and Pyle) are assigned to Infantry. During the platoon's final night on Parris Island, Joker discovers Pyle, who is suffering from severe mental breakdown, in the bathroom, loading his rifle with live ammunition. Joker attempts to calm Pyle, who executes drill commands and loudly recites the Rifleman's Creed. The noise awakens the platoon as well as Hartman, who angrily confronts Pyle and orders him to surrender the rifle. Pyle shoots Hartman dead and then kills himself.

text: In January 1968, Joker, now a sergeant, is a war correspondent in South Vietnam for Stars and Stripes with Private First Class Rafterman, a combat photographer. Rafterman wants to go into combat, as Joker claims he has done. At the Marine base, Joker is mocked for his lack of the thousand-yard stare, indicating his lack of war experience. They are interrupted by the start of the Tet Offensive as the North Vietnamese Army attempts to overrun the base, but are rebuffed.

text: The following day, the journalism staff is briefed about enemy attacks throughout South Vietnam. Joker is sent to Phu Bai, accompanied by Rafterman. They meet the Lusthog Squad, where Cowboy is now a sergeant. Joker accompanies the squad during the Battle of Huế, where platoon commander "Touchdown" is killed by the enemy. After the Marines declare the area secure, a team of American news journalists and reporters enters Huế and interviews various Marines about their experiences in Vietnam and their opinions about the war.

text: During patrol, Crazy Earl, the squad leader, is killed by a booby trap, leaving Cowboy in command. The squad becomes lost and Cowboy orders Eightball to scout the area. A Viet Cong sniper wounds Eightball and the squad medic, Doc Jay, is also wounded while attempting to save him against orders. Cowboy learns that tank support is unavailable and orders the team to prepare for withdrawal. The squad's machine gunner, Animal Mother, disobeys Cowboy and attempts to save his comrades. He discovers there is only one sniper, but Doc Jay and Eightball are killed when Doc Jay attempts to indicate the sniper's location. While maneuvering toward the sniper, Cowboy is shot and killed.

text: Animal Mother assumes command of the squad and leads an attack on the sniper. Joker discovers the sniper, a teenaged girl, and attempts to shoot her, but his rifle jams and alerts her to his presence. Rafterman shoots the sniper, mortally wounding her. As the squad converges, the sniper begs for death, prompting an argument about whether or not to kill her. Animal Mother decides to allow a mercy killing only if Joker performs it. After some hesitation, Joker shoots her. The Marines congratulate him on his kill as Joker stares into the distance, displaying the thousand-yard stare. The Marines march toward their camp, singing the "Mickey Mouse March". Joker states that despite being "in a world of shit", he is glad to be alive and no longer afraid.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Matthew Modine as Private/Sergeant James T. "Joker" Davis
Vincent D'Onofrio as Private Leonard "Gomer Pyle" Lawrence, an overweight, slow-witted recruit who becomes the focus of Hartman's attention. D'Onofrio was required to gain 70 pounds (32 kg), which broke the record for the largest weight gained for a role, set by Robert De Niro for Raging Bull.[6][7]
R. Lee Ermey as Gunnery Sergeant Hartman, a Parris Island drill instructor; Ermey served as a U.S. Marine drill instructor during the Vietnam War and used this experience to ad lib much of his dialogue.[8][full citation needed]
Arliss Howard as Private/Sergeant Robert "Cowboy" Evans
Adam Baldwin as Sergeant "Animal Mother"
Dorian Harewood as Corporal "Eightball"
Kevyn Major Howard as Private First Class "Rafterman"
Ed O'Ross as Lieutenant Walter J. "Touchdown" Schinoski
John Terry as Lieutenant Lockhart
Bruce Boa as Marine Corps Colonel (at massacre site)
Kieron Jecchinis as Sergeant "Crazy Earl"
John Stafford as Doc Jay
Tim Colceri as a helicopter door gunner; he was initially cast to play Hartman, a role which ultimately went to Ermey.[8][full citation needed]
Peter Edmund as Private "Snowball" Brown

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Kubrick contacted Michael Herr, author of the Vietnam War memoir Dispatches (1977), in the spring of 1980 to discuss working on a film about the Holocaust, but he eventually discarded that in favor of a film about the Vietnam War.[9] They met in England, and the director told Herr that he wanted to do a war film but had yet to find a story to adapt.[10] Kubrick discovered Gustav Hasford's novel The Short-Timers (1979) while reading the Virginia Kirkus Review.[11] Herr received it in bound galleys and thought that it was a masterpiece.[10] In 1982, Kubrick read the novel twice, concluding that it "was a unique, absolutely wonderful book", and decided, along with Herr,[9] to adapt it for his next film.[11] According to Kubrick, he was drawn to the book's dialogue, finding it "almost poetic in its carved-out, stark quality".[11] In 1983, Kubrick began conducting research for the film, watching past footage and documentaries, reading Vietnamese newspapers on microfilm from the Library of Congress, and studying hundreds of photographs from the era.[12] Initially, Herr was not interested in revisiting his Vietnam War experiences, and Kubrick spent three years persuading him to participate in what the author describes as "a single phone call lasting three years, with interruptions."[9]

text: In 1985, Kubrick contacted Hasford to work on the screenplay with him and Herr,[10] and often talked to Hasford on the phone three to four times a week, for hours at a time. [13] Kubrick had already written a detailed treatment,[10] and Kubrick and Herr got together at Kubrick's home every day, breaking down the treatment into scenes. From that, Herr wrote the first draft.[10] The filmmaker worried that the book's title might be misread by audiences as referring to people who only did half a day's work and changed it to Full Metal Jacket after discovering the phrase while going through a gun catalogue.[10] After the first draft was completed, Kubrick phoned in his orders, and Hasford and Herr mailed their submissions to him.[14] Kubrick read and edited them, and then the team repeated the process. Neither Hasford nor Herr knew how much he had contributed to the screenplay, which led to a dispute over the final credits.[14] Hasford remembers, "We were like guys on an assembly line in the car factory. I was putting on one widget and Michael was putting on another widget and Stanley was the only one who knew that this was going to end up being a car."[14] Herr says the director was not interested in making an anti-war film, but "he wanted to show what war is like."[9]

text: At some point, Kubrick wanted to meet Hasford in person, but Herr advised against this, describing The Short-Timers author as a "scary man".[9] Nonetheless, Kubrick insisted, and they all met at Kubrick's house in England for dinner. It did not go well, and Hasford was subsequently shut out of the production.[9]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Through Warner Bros., Kubrick advertised a national casting search in the United States and Canada. The director used videotape to audition actors and received over 3,000 submissions. His staff screened all of the tapes, leaving 800 of them for Kubrick to review personally.[10]:461

text: Former U.S. Marine Drill Instructor Ermey, originally hired as a technical advisor, asked Kubrick if he could audition for the role of Hartman. Kubrick had seen Ermey's portrayal of Drill Instructor Staff Sergeant Loyce in The Boys in Company C (1978) and told the Marine that he was not vicious enough to play the character. Ermey improvised insulting dialogue against a group of Royal Marines who were being considered for the part of background Marines, to demonstrate his ability to play the character, as well as to show how a Drill Instructor goes about breaking down the individuality of new recruits.[10]:462 Upon viewing the videotape of these sessions, Kubrick gave Ermey the role, realizing he "was a genius for this part."[12] Kubrick also incorporated the 250-page transcript of Ermey's rants into the script.[10]:462–463 Ermey's experience as a Drill Instructor during the Vietnam era proved invaluable. Kubrick estimated that Ermey wrote 50% of his own dialogue, especially the insults.[15]

text: While Ermey practiced his lines in a rehearsal room, a production assistant would throw tennis balls and oranges at him. Ermey had to catch the ball and throw it back as quickly as possible, while at the same time saying his lines as fast as he could. Any hesitation, slur, or missed line would necessitate starting over. Twenty error-free runs were required. "[He] was my drill instructor", Ermey said of the production assistant.[10]:463

text: The original casting plan envisaged Anthony Michael Hall starring as Private Joker. After eight months of negotiations, a deal between Kubrick and Hall fell through.[16] Kubrick offered Bruce Willis a role, but the actor had to turn it down because he was to start filming of the first six episodes of his TV series Moonlighting.[17]

text: Vincent D'Onofrio heard of the auditions for the film from Matthew Modine. Using a rented video camera and dressed in army fatigues, D'Onofrio recorded his audition for the part of Private Pyle. Despite Kubrick's saying that Pyle was "the hardest part to cast in the whole movie", he quickly responded to D'Onofrio, telling the actor he had won the part.[10]:465

text: Filming[edit]

text: Kubrick shot the film in England: in Cambridgeshire, on the Norfolk Broads, and at the former Millennium Mills, Beckton Gas Works, Newham (east London) and the Isle of Dogs.[18] A former RAF and then British Army base, Bassingbourn Barracks doubled as the Parris Island Marine boot camp.[12] A British Army rifle range near Barton, outside Cambridge, was used in the scene where Hartman congratulates Private Pyle for his shooting skills. Kubrick worked from still photographs of Huế, taken in 1968, and found an area owned by British Gas that closely resembled it and was scheduled to be demolished. The disused Beckton Gas Works, a few miles from central London, were filmed to represent Huế after attacks.[15] Kubrick had buildings blown up, and the film's art director used a wrecking ball to knock specific holes in certain buildings over the course of two months.[15] Originally, Kubrick had a plastic replica jungle flown in from California, but once he looked at it he was reported to have said, "I don't like it. Get rid of it".[19] The open country was filmed in the Cliffe marshes,[20] and along the River Thames, supplemented with 200 imported Spanish palm trees[11] and 100,000 plastic tropical plants from Hong Kong.[15]

text: Kubrick acquired four M41 tanks from a Belgian army colonel (a fan)[citation needed] and Westland Wessex helicopters painted Marine green to represent Marine Corps Sikorsky H-34 Choctaw helicopters. Although the Wessex was a licensed derivative of the Sikorsky H-34, the Wessex substituted two gas turbine engines for the H-34's radial (piston) engine. This resulted in a much longer and less rounded nose than that of the Vietnam era H-34. Kubrick also obtained a selection of rifles, M79 grenade launchers, and M60 machine guns from a licensed weapons dealer.[12]

text: Modine described the shoot as difficult: Beckton Gas Works was a toxic and environmental nightmare for the entire film crew. Asbestos, and hundreds of chemicals poisoned the earth and air. Modine documents details of shooting at Beckton in his book, Full Metal Jacket Diary (2005). During the "Boot Camp" sequence of the film, Modine and the other recruits had to endure the rigors of Marine Corps training, including having Ermey yelling at them for 10 hours a day during the shooting of the Parris Island scenes. To ensure the actors' reactions to Ermey were as authentic and fresh as possible, Ermey and the recruits did not rehearse together.[10]:468 For film continuity, each recruit had to have his head shaved once a week.[21]

text: At one point during filming, Ermey had a car accident, broke all of his ribs on one side, and was out for four-and-half months.[15]

text: Cowboy's death scene shows a building in the background that resembles the famous alien monolith in Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). Kubrick described the resemblance as an "extraordinary accident".[15]

text: During filming, Hasford contemplated taking legal action over the writing credits. Originally, the filmmakers intended for Hasford to receive an "additional dialogue" credit, but he wanted full credit.[14] The writer took two friends and sneaked onto the set dressed as extras, only to be mistaken by a crew member for Herr.[13]

text: Kubrick's daughter Vivian—who appears uncredited as a news-camera operator at the mass grave—shadowed the filming of Full Metal Jacket. She shot 18 hours of behind-the-scenes footage for a potential "making-of" documentary similar to her earlier film documentary on Kubrick's The Shining (1980). In this case, she did not complete such a documentary. Snippets of her work can be seen in the documentary Stanley Kubrick's Boxes (2008).

text: Themes[edit]

text: Compared to Kubrick's other works, the themes of Full Metal Jacket have received little attention from critics and reviewers. Michael Pursell's essay "Full Metal Jacket: The Unravelling of Patriarchy" (1988) was an early, in-depth consideration of the film's two-part structure and its criticism of masculinity, arguing that the film shows "war and pornography as facets of the same system".[22]

text: Most reviews have focused on military brainwashing themes in the boot camp training section of the film, while seeing the latter half of the film as more confusing and disjointed in content. Rita Kempley of The Washington Post wrote, "it's as if they borrowed bits of every war movie to make this eclectic finale."[23] Roger Ebert said, "The movie disintegrates into a series of self-contained set pieces, none of them quite satisfying."[24] Julian Rice, in his book Kubrick's Hope (2008), sees the second part of the film as continuing the psychic journey of Joker in trying to come to grips with human evil.[25]

text: Tony Lucia, in his July 5, 1987, review of Full Metal Jacket for the Reading Eagle, looked at the themes of Kubrick's career, suggesting "the unifying element may be the ordinary man dwarfed by situations too vast and imposing to handle". Lucia specifically refers to the "military mentality" in this film. He said further that the theme covered "a man testing himself against his own limitations", and he concluded: "'Full Metal Jacket' is the latest chapter in an ongoing movie which is not merely a comment on our time or a time past, but on something that reaches beyond."[26]

text: British critic Gilbert Adair wrote: "Kubrick's approach to language has always been reductive and uncompromisingly deterministic in nature. He appears to view it as the exclusive product of environmental conditioning, only very marginally influenced by concepts of subjectivity and interiority, by all the whims, shades and modulations of personal expression".[27]

text: Michael Herr wrote of his work on the sceenplay: "The substance was single-minded, the old and always serious problem of how you put into a film or a book the living, behaving presence of what Jung called The Shadow, the most accessible of archetypes, and the easiest to experience ... War is the ultimate field of Shadow-activity, where all of its other activities lead you. As they expressed it in Vietnam, 'Yea, though I walk through the Valley of the Shadow of Death, I will fear no Evil, for I am the Evil'."[28]

text: In a 2009 review, Dan Schneider said that Kubrick got the story narrative of Full Metal Jacket from the second part of the epic film series, The Human Condition.[29]

text: Music[edit]

text: Kubrick's daughter, Vivian Kubrick, under the alias "Abigail Mead", wrote the film's score. According to an interview which appeared in the January 1988 issue of Keyboard Magazine, the film was scored mostly with a Fairlight CMI synthesizer (the then-current Series III edition) and a Synclavier. For the period music, Kubrick went through Billboard's list of Top 100 Hits for each year from 1962–1968 and tried many songs, but "sometimes the dynamic range of the music was too great, and we couldn't work in dialogue."[15]

text:
Johnnie Wright – "Hello Vietnam"
The Dixie Cups – "Chapel of Love"
Sam the Sham & The Pharaohs – "Wooly Bully"
Chris Kenner – "I Like It Like That"
Nancy Sinatra – "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'"
The Trashmen – "Surfin' Bird"
Goldman Band – "Marines' Hymn"
The Rolling Stones – "Paint It Black" (end credits)

text: A single, "Full Metal Jacket (I Wanna Be Your Drill Instructor)", credited to Mead and Nigel Goulding, was released to promote the film. It incorporates Ermey's drill cadences from the film. The single reached number two in the UK pop charts.[30]

text: Release[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Full Metal Jacket received a limited release on June 26, 1987, in 215 theaters.[3] Its opening weekend saw it accrue $2,217,307, an average of $10,313 per theater, ranking it the number 10 film for the June 26–28 weekend.[3] It took a further $2,002,890 for a total of $5,655,225 before entering wide release on July 10, 1987, at 881 theaters—an increase of 666.[3] The July 10–12 weekend saw the film gross $6,079,963, an average of $6,901 per theater, and rank as the number 2 grossing film. Over the next four weeks the film opened in a further 194 theaters to its widest release of 1,075 theaters before closing two weeks later with a total gross of $46,357,676, making it the number 23 highest-grossing film of 1987.[3][31]

text: Home video[edit]

text: The film was released on Blu-ray on October 23, 2007, in the US and other countries.[32] On April 9, 2012, Warner Home Video announced they would release the 25th anniversary edition on Blu-ray on August 7, 2012.[33]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively collected reviews to give the film a score of 95% based on reviews from 75 critics and an average rating of 8.3 out of 10. The summary states, "Intense, tightly constructed, and darkly comic at times, Stanley Kubrick's Full Metal Jacket may not boast the most original of themes, but it is exceedingly effective at communicating them."[34][35] Another aggregator Metacritic gave it a score of 76 out of 100, which indicates a "generally favorable" response, based on 19 reviews.[36] Reviewers generally reacted favorably to the cast, Ermey in particular,[37][38] and the film's first act in recruit training,[39][40] but several reviews were critical of the latter part of the film set in Vietnam and what was considered a "muddled" moral message in the finale.[41][42] It ranks #95 on AFI's 100 Years... 100 Thrills.[43]

text: Richard Corliss of Time called the film a "technical knockout", praising "the dialogue's wild, desperate wit; the daring in choosing a desultory skirmish to make a point about war's pointlessness", and "the fine, large performances of almost every actor", believing, at the time, that Ermey and D'Onofrio would receive Oscar nominations. Corliss also appreciated "the Olympian elegance and precision of Kubrick's filmmaking".[37] Empire's Ian Nathan awarded the film 3 out of 5 stars, saying it is "inconsistent" and describing it as "both powerful and frustratingly unengaged". Nathan felt that after leaving the opening act following the recruit training, the film becomes "bereft of purpose", but he summarized his review by calling it a "hardy Kubrickian effort that warms on you with repeated viewings". Nathan also praised Ermey's "staggering performance".[40] Vincent Canby of The New York Times called it "harrowing, beautiful and characteristically eccentric". Canby echoed praise for Ermey, calling him "the film's stunning surprise … he's so good—so obsessed—that you might think he wrote his own lines". Canby also said D'Onofrio's performance should be noted with "admiration", and he called Modine "one of the best, most adaptable young film actors of his generation". Canby concluded: Full Metal Jacket was "a film of immense and very rare imagination".[44]

text: Jim Hall, writing for Film4 in 2010, awarded the film 5 out of 5 stars and added to the praise for Ermey, saying his "performance as the foul-mouthed Hartman is justly celebrated and it's difficult to imagine the film working anything like as effectively without him". The review also preferred the opening training to the later Vietnam sequence, calling it "far more striking than the second and longer section". Film4 commented that the film ends abruptly but felt "it demonstrates just how clear and precise the director's vision could be when he resisted a fatal tendency for indulgence". Film4 concluded: "Full Metal Jacket ranks with Dr. Strangelove as one of Kubrick's very best."[39] Jonathan Rosenbaum of the Chicago Reader called it "Elliptical, full of subtle inner rhymes … and profoundly moving, this is the most tightly crafted Kubrick film since Dr. Strangelove, as well as the most horrific."[45] Variety called the film an "intense, schematic, superbly made" drama "loaded with vivid, outrageously vulgar military vernacular that contributes heavily to the film's power", but felt that it never develops "a particularly strong narrative." The cast performances were all labeled "exceptional" with Modine being singled out as "embodying both what it takes to survive in the war and a certain omniscience."[38] Gilbert Adair, writing in a review for Full Metal Jacket, commented that "Kubrick's approach to language has always been of a reductive and uncompromisingly deterministic nature. He appears to view it as the exclusive product of environmental conditioning, only very marginally influenced by concepts of subjectivity and interiority, by all whims, shades and modulations of personal expression".[46]

text: Not all reviews were positive. Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert held a dissenting view, calling the film "strangely shapeless" and awarding it 2.5 stars out of 4. Ebert called it "one of the best-looking war movies ever made on sets and stage" but felt this was not enough to compete with the "awesome reality of Platoon, Apocalypse Now and The Deer Hunter." Ebert also criticized the film's second act set in Vietnam, saying the "movie disintegrates into a series of self-contained set pieces, none of them quite satisfying" and concluded that the film's message was "too little and too late", having been done by other Vietnam War films. However, Ebert also gave praise to Ermey and D'Onofrio, saying "these are the two best performances in the movie, which never recovers after they leave the scene."[42] This certain review angered Gene Siskel on their television show At The Movies; he criticized Ebert for liking Benji the Hunted (which came out the same week) more than Full Metal Jacket.[47] Their difference in opinion was parodied on the television show The Critic, where Siskel taunts Ebert with "coming from the guy who liked Benji the Hunted!"[48] Time Out London also disliked the film saying "Kubrick's direction is as steely cold and manipulative as the régime it depicts", and felt that the characters were underdeveloped, adding "we never really get to know, let alone care about, the hapless recruits on view."[41]

text: British television channel Channel 4 voted it number 5 on its list of the greatest war films ever made.[49] In 2008, Empire placed Full Metal Jacket number 457 on its list of The 500 Greatest Movies of All Time.[50]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Full Metal Jacket was nominated for eleven awards worldwide between 1987 and 1989 including an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay,[51][52] two BAFTA Awards for Best Sound and Best Special Effects,[53] and a Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor for Ermey.[54] Ultimately it won five awards, three from organisations outside of the United States: Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom. The film won Best Foreign Language Film from the Japanese Academy, Best Producer from the David di Donatello Awards,[55] Director of the Year from the London Critics Circle Film Awards, and Best Director and Best Supporting Actor from the Boston Society of Film Critics Awards, for Kubrick and Ermey respectively.[56] Of the five awards won, four were awarded to Kubrick.

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient
Result
Ref.

1987
BAFTA Awards
Best Sound
Nigel Galt, Edward Tise and Andy Nelson
Nominated
[53]

Best Special Effects
John Evans
Nominated
[53]

1988
60th Academy Awards
Best Adapted Screenplay
Stanley Kubrick, Michael Herr and Gustav Hasford
Nominated
[51][52]

Boston Society of Film Critics Awards
Best Director
Stanley Kubrick
Won
[56]

Best Supporting Actor
R. Lee Ermey
Won

David di Donatello Awards
Best Producer – Foreign film
Stanley Kubrick
Won
[55]

Golden Globes
Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture
R. Lee Ermey
Nominated
[54]

London Critics Circle Film Awards
Director of the Year
Stanley Kubrick
Won

Writers Guild of America
Best Adapted Screenplay
Stanley Kubrick, Michael Herr, Gustav Hasford
Nominated

1989
Kinema Junpo Awards
Best Foreign Language Film Director
Stanley Kubrick
Won

Awards of the Japanese Academy
Best Foreign Language Film
Stanley Kubrick
Nominated

text: Differences between novel and screenplay[edit]

text: Adaptation of novel to film[edit]

text: Film scholar Greg Jenkins has done a detailed analysis of the adaptation of the novel as a screenplay. The novel is in three parts. The film greatly expands the relatively brief section in Part I, about the boot camp on Parris Island, and essentially discards Part III. This gives the film a twofold structure, telling two largely independent stories connected by the same characters acting in each. Jenkins believes this structure is a development of concepts that Kubrick has had since the 1960s. At that time, Kubrick talked about wanting to explode the usual conventions of narrative structure.[57]

text: Sergeant Hartman (renamed from the book's Gerheim) has an expanded role in the film. In the film, Private Pyle's incompetence is presented as weighing negatively on the rest of the platoon and in the film, unlike the novel, he is the only under-performing recruit. [58] The film omits "Hartman's" disclosure to other troops that he thinks Pyle might be mentally unstable, a "Section 8". In contrast, Hartman praises Pyle, saying that he is "born again hard". Jenkins says that the character of Hartman could not have been portrayed as having a warmer social relationship with the troops, as that would have upset the balance of the film, which depends on the spectacle of ordinary soldiers coming to grips with Hartman as a force of nature embodying a killer culture.[59]

text: Various episodes in the book have been cut from the screenplay or conflated with others. For example, Cowboy's introduction of the "Lusthog Squad" has been both markedly shortened and supplemented by material from other sections of the book. Although the book's final, third section was largely dropped, elements from this section were inserted into other episodes of the film.[60] For instance, the climactic episode with the sniper is a conflation of two episodes in the book, from Parts II and III. Jenkins thinks the film presents this passage more dramatically but in less gruesome detail than in the novel.

text: The film often has a more tragic tone than the book, which relies on callous humor. Joker in the film remains a model of humane thinking, as evidenced by his moral struggle in the sniper episode and elsewhere. He works to overcome his own meekness, rather than to compete with other Marines. The film omits the book's showing his eventual domination over Animal Mother.[61]

text: The film also omits the death of the character Rafterman. Jenkins believed this allowed viewers to reflect on Rafterman's personal growth in the film and speculate on his future growth after the war. Jenkins also believed Rafterman's death would not have fit the plot of the screenplay.[60]