document_title: All Eyez on Me (film)

question_text: who plays tupac's mom in all eyez on me

question_tokens: who plays tupac 's mom in all eyez on me

root

text: All Eyez on Me (film)

text: Plot

text: At the Clinton Correctional Facility in 1995, a documentary filmmaker shows up with his crew and equipment to sit down with Tupac Shakur.

tag: p

text: In 1971, Tupac's mother, Afeni Shakur, is released from prison along with her fellow Black Panther Party following her acquittal of several charges. She is pregnant with Tupac and voices her complaints to a reporter over the unfair treatment of black individuals in the country from not only society, but the system sworn to protect its citizens.

text: From an early age, Tupac is taught about black pride, and is witness to multiple injustices in his neighborhood. His stepfather, Mutulu, is a revolutionary who has influenced Afeni, who in turn influences her son and Tupac's sister Set. Mutulu is wanted by the FBI for a robbery of an armored truck, and the murder of two officers and a guard. FBI agents follow Afeni and her children. Mutulu is eventually caught during a raid when cops burst into the Shakurs' apartment, with cops violently pinning Tupac and his sister to the ground.

text: As Tupac gets older, he distances himself more and more from his mother's ideals and behavior. He attends the Baltimore School for the Arts, where he becomes close friends with Jada Pinkett.

text: Tupac's music career begins when he joins Digital Underground for their hit "Same Song". Under his manager, Leila Steinberg, he begins to have hip-hop albums produced. Although his music becomes popular, he gets into hot water with record producers for songs like "Brenda's Got a Baby", which is about a young girl who is raped by her cousin, has a baby on the bathroom floor, turns to prostitution and selling drugs for money, and how she is ultimately murdered on the streets. Tupac argues that the song comes from real stories in the streets of the impoverished and how nobody is willing to help people like the subject of the song.

text: Tupac also begins acting in movies such as Juice, as well as collaborating with other artists like Biggie Smalls, both performing to excited crowds at venues. He generates as much praise as he does controversy in what he does outside of music, such as donating money to poor black citizens.

text: Outside of his performances, Tupac has run-ins with officers when he is caught jaywalking, and is beaten by two officers. On another occasion, he and one of his friends catch two white men assaulting a black man. When they try to intervene, one man pulls a gun on Tupac. He goes back to his limo and gets his own gun. It soon reveals that the two men were off-duty cops, and Tupac is arrested for shooting at them.

text: Tupac becomes involved with a dealer named Nigel, and they do business together in music. When things go awry, Tupac and Nigel have a quarrel. Nigel's guys want to retaliate against Tupac, but Nigel says that nobody touches Tupac unless he says so. The other guys appear to go against Nigel's orders.

text: In 1993, Tupac meets a young woman named Briana, and she is with Tupac along with other men in a hotel room one night. Briana barges into his room hours later crying and screaming, indicating that the other men raped her. Tupac is later on trial for rape and harassment charges.

text: On November 30, 1994, Tupac is attacked by three men in the lobby of Quad Recording Studios. Tupac is shot five times before the men flee. Biggie and other guys in Tupac's entourage rush to him before he is taken to the hospital. When Biggie tries to visit Tupac, he is turned down for not being a family member. Tupac checks himself out of the hospital early against doctors' orders.

text: The following day, Tupac's sentence is declared in his trial. He is found not guilty of rape, but is found guilty of illegal touching, and is thus sentenced to eighteen months in prison.

text: While in prison, Tupac hears Biggie's song "Who Shot Ya?", and interprets it as a diss track bragging about Biggie's alleged involvement in his shooting. Tupac encounters Mutulu in there, who encourages him to work after he gets out. Mutulu later murders another inmate by stabbing him to death. Tupac is also assaulted by two guards while in prison.

text: Following his release, Tupac signs to Death Row Records under Suge Knight, who also collaborates with other artists, like Dr. Dre and Snoop Dogg. Tupac and Dre work on the hit song "California Love". He releases the track "Hit Em Up" as a response to "Who Shot Ya?" in which Tupac brags about supposedly having an affair with Biggie's wife Faith Evans.

text: In Tupac's final months, he decides to part ways with Death Row Records to start his own company to produce more music, movies, and TV shows. Suge reminds Tupac that he is still in debt from other business dealings. Later, however, Suge offers Tupac a chance to become partners, with Suge taking over the west coast part of Death Row, and Tupac taking over the east coast. Tupac agrees to it.

text: On September 7, 1996, Tupac, Suge, and the rest of their group are leaving the Mike Tyson vs. Bruce Seldon match at the MGM Grand. One of the Death Row guys alerts Tupac and Suge to a gang member that jumped him and stole his chain. Tupac and company confront the gang member, and Tupac attacks him, knocking him to the ground. Suge and his guys start assaulting the man as Tupac is pulled off of him. Tupac stops by his hotel to change his clothes. He tells Kidada about the situation. She tries to go with him, but Tupac assures her he will only be gone for an hour.

text: Tupac and Suge drive from the hotel with the rest of his guys following them. On the road, a car pulls alongside the car and Tupac is shot multiple times before the car flees the scene.

text: The ending text states that six days later, Tupac was pronounced dead. To this day, his murder remains unsolved. By the age of 25, he released 15 albums, seven posthumous albums, 713 songs, and seven movies.

text: Cast

text:
Demetrius Shipp Jr. as Tupac Shakur[5][6]
Danai Gurira as Afeni Shakur,[7] Tupac’s mother, a political activist and member of the Black Panther Party.
Lauren Cohan as Leila Steinberg,[8] Tupac’s mentor.
Jamie Hector as Mutulu Shakur,[9] Tupac’s stepfather.
Annie Ilonzeh as Kidada Jones,[10] engaged to Tupac at the time of his death.
Jamal Woolard as The Notorious B.I.G.,[5][6] Tupac’s former friend turned rival.
Kat Graham as Jada Pinkett,[11] a friend of Tupac from the Baltimore School for the Arts.
Dominic L. Santana as Suge Knight,[12] a record producer.
Grace Gibson as Faith Evans,[13] Biggie Smalls’s wife and singer.
Lian Amado as Angie Martinez, radio personality, rapper, and actress.
Stefon Washington as Puff Daddy
Chris Clarke as Shock G[14][15] the lead vocalist for the hip hop group Digital Underground.
Money-B as himself,[16] member of Digital Underground.
Clifton Powell as Floyd,[17] inmate at Clinton Correctional Facility.
Johnell Young as Ray Luv,[17] Tupac’s friend.
Jermel Howard as Mopreme Shakur
Azad Arnaud as Daz Dillinger
Jarrett Ellis as Snoop Dogg[18]
Keith Robinson as Atron Gregory,[19] TNT Records founder.
Rayan Lawrence as Treach[20]
James Hatter III as Yaki Kadafi
Jermaine Carter as Hussein Fatal
E.D.I. Mean as himself
Young Noble as himself
DeRay Davis as Legs
Harold House Moore as Dr. Dre
Hill Harper as Journalist[21]
Cory Hardrict as Nigel aka Haitian Jack[22]
Phil Armijo as Johnny "J"

tag: ul

text: Production

text: Development

text: On February 10, 2011, it was announced that Morgan Creek Productions had developed and would finance and produce the rap legend Tupac Amaru Shakur's biopic titled Tupac, which would follow his life from growing up to his death.[23] Antoine Fuqua was attached as the director of the film, and the script was from Steven Bagatourian, Stephen J. Rivele, and Christopher Wilkinson.[23] James G. Robinson and David C. Robinson would produce the film along with Program Pictures' L.T. Hutton, and Tupac's mother Afeni Shakur as executive producer, with production scheduled to begin that summer. On September 19, 2013, Emmett/Furla/Oasis Films came on board to co-finance and co-produce the $45 million budgeted film along with Morgan Creek.[24] Ed Gonzalez and Jeremy Haft were writing the latest draft of the film.[24] On February 12, 2014, John Singleton again signed on to rewrite, direct and produce the film.[25] On April 16, 2014, Open Road Films acquired the United States distribution rights to the film.[26] Gonzalez, Haft, and Singleton wrote the latest draft of the script for the film, about Tupac's life from his growing up in East Harlem to becoming a legendary songwriter and hip-hop artist, to his death in Las Vegas at the age of 25.[26] On April 7, 2015, it was revealed that Singleton exited the film due to some major creative differences, while Carl Franklin was being eyed to hold the direction duties.[27] On October 28, 2015, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Emmett/Furla/Oasis had sued Morgan Creek over $10 million for breaking the companies co-production agreement signed in September 2013.[28] In the agreement, terms were not to exceed the production budget above $30 million, mutual approval for the lead actor's selection, filming schedule, and distribution and sales agreements.[28] Randall Emmett and George Furla also claimed that they all first signed a distribution deal with Open Road, which Morgan Creek rejected, and then Morgan Creek inked a new deal with Open Road without mutual approval.[28]

text: Casting

text: On November 30, 2015, it was reported that music director Benny Boom would be directing the film now replacing Franklin.[29] Early-December 2015, the film's title was confirmed to be All Eyez On Me[30] On December 24, 2015, newcomer Demetrius Shipp, Jr. was cast in the film to play the role of Tupac. Jamal Woolard also joined the film to play the role of The Notorious B.I.G., Tupac's former friend turned rival, reprising the role Woolard portrayed in the 2009 film Notorious.[5][6] On January 11, 2016, Danai Gurira was added to the film's cast to play Tupac's mother Afeni Shakur, a political activist and member of the Black Panthers.[7] Following Gurira's casting, Variety reported on the next day that Kat Graham had signed on to play Jada Pinkett, a friend of Tupac from the Baltimore School for the Arts.[11] It was revealed later that Dominic L. Santana had been cast as record producer Suge Knight.[12]

text: On January 13, Jamie Hector signed on to star as Mutulu Shakur, Tupac's stepfather.[9] On January 15, Lauren Cohan joined the film's cast to play the role of Leila Steinberg, a key figure in Tupac's life as his mentor.[8] Money B would appear in the film as himself, Tupac's coworker at Digital Underground,[16] Clifton Powell as Floyd, inmate at Clinton Correctional Facility, and Johnell Young as a Tupac's close friend, Ray Luv.[17] On January 19, TheWrap confirmed that Grace Gibson was cast in the film to play Biggie Smalls' wife, Faith Evans, who was reportedly in an adulterous affair with Shakur.[13] On January 22, 2016, Keith Robinson was cast as Atron Gregory, TNT Records founder who first helped Tupac becoming a dancer and then a solo artist.[19] Annie Ilonzeh was added to the cast in February 2016 to play the role of Kidada Jones, engaged to Tupac at the time of his death.[10]

text: Filming

text: Principal photography on the film began in mid-December 2015 in Atlanta, Georgia.[5][6][31] Filming wrapped on April 12, 2016, in Las Vegas, Nevada.[32][33]

text: Marketing

text: On June 16, 2016, on what would have been Shakur's 45th birthday, a teaser trailer for the film was released.[34] On September 13, 2016, the 20th anniversary of Shakur's death, a second teaser trailer was released.[35] It was announced that the film will be released on June 16, 2017. On February 10, 2017, a third teaser trailer was released, confirming Summit, Morgan Creek, Program Pictures, and Codeblack Films as producers and distributors.[36] On April 6, 2017, a fourth trailer was released.

text: No official soundtrack album was released to accompany the movie's release.

text: Reception

text: Box office

text: All Eyez on Me grossed $44.8 million in the United States and Canada and $10 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $54.8 million, against a production budget of $40 million.[3]

text: In North America, All Eyez on Me was released on June 16, 2017, alongside Rough Night, 47 Meters Down and Cars 3, and was originally projected to gross $17–20 million from 2,471 theaters in its opening weekend.[37] It made $12.8 million on Friday (including $3.1 million from Thursday night previews), increasing weekend estimates to $31 million. It ended up debuting to $26.4 million, finishing 3rd at the box office behind Cars 3 ($53.7 million) and Wonder Woman ($41.3 million). Deadline.com attributed the film's success to the release corresponding with Tupac's birthday, as well as audience interest on the subject matter following the success of Straight Outta Compton in 2015.[2]

text: Despite its surprising opening weekend success, the film experienced a historic drop in its second weekend, dropping 78% to $5.8 million, the 16th largest such decline in history.[38] In its third weekend the film was pulled from 1,213 theaters and dropped another 68.6% to $1.8 million, finishing 11th at the box office.[39]

text: Critical response

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 16% based on 68 reviews, with an average rating of 4.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Despite Demetrius Shipp Jr.'s fine lead performance, All Eyez on Me is mostly a surface-skimming, by-the-numbers biopic of a larger-than-life icon."[40] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 38 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[41] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[2]

text: Glenn Kenny of The New York Times gave the film a negative review, saying: "Almost all the dialogue is that flat-footed. It’s a stark contrast to the almost always vivid power of Shakur’s own words, which could be profoundly empathetic and pettily profane."[42] Owen Gleiberman of Variety wrote: "Comprehensive but sketchy, richly atmospheric but often under-dramatized, it is not, in the end, a very good movie (there are a few scenes, like Tupac’s initial meeting with Ted Field of Interscope Records, that are embarrassingly bad). Yet it’s highly worth seeing because in its volatility and hunger, and the desperation of its violence, it captures something about the space in which Tupac Shakur lived: a place that wanted to be all about pride and power, but was really about flying over the abyss."[43]

text: Historical accuracy

text: On her Twitter account, Jada Pinkett Smith stated that the film contained many inaccuracies about her relationship with Tupac and why he left for Los Angeles. Smith claimed that Tupac never read the poem he read to her character in the film and that she had no knowledge that it even existed until it was published in his book. She also stated that she never attended one of Tupac's shows at his request and that there was no backstage argument. She did, however, praise the performances of Shipp and Graham.[44] Both Sean Combs and Suge Knight gave blessings to the film, praising their respective portrayals.[45]


document_title: April Ludgate

question_text: when does april get pregnant on parks and rec

text: April Ludgate

text: Background[edit]

text: April Ludgate is a college student who starts out working as an intern in the Pawnee parks and recreation department. April is extremely uninterested in the job, regularly napping at her desk and texting constantly, and acts very dry and sarcastic around her co-workers. She was assigned the internship because she overslept on intern sign-up date, which she blamed on her sister Natalie for not waking her up.[3][4] April is of English and Puerto Rican descent (she claims that this explains her 'lively and colorful' personality), and she speaks and understands Spanish fairly well as a result.[5] Her family refers to her as Zuzu.

text: April was responsible for uploading the staff bios onto the Pawnee parks and recreation site,[6] and she jokingly made a fictional bio for herself that reads as follows:

text:
“

April Ludgate-Dwyer was born in Björk’s house in Iceland and grew up on Easter Island, where her parents were giant stone heads. She has the ability to fire beams of tacos out of her hands and she can turn her legs into tigers. On Sundays, April enjoys reading Family Circus and traveling through time. Her favorite color is greenish-transparent and her favorite movie is the one you just watched. April is in charge of uploading the staff bios to the website, and no one has checked over her work.[6]

”

tag: table

text: While picking Spirit dogs in season six, Donna described her as follows:

text:
“

"You're beautiful yet cold and aloof. You pride yourself on being a loner. You do not obey, you choose to cooperate. And when you stop baring your fangs to pick a mate, it's for life. And you're fiercely loyal to your pack. Which makes you a rare black Siberian husky."

”

text: Character arc[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: April starts as a 19-year-old intern at the parks department who is somewhat rebellious and is often annoyed by her fellow parks department workers. For the first two seasons, her boyfriend was Derek, who is openly gay and who simultaneously dates a fellow openly gay college student named Ben, whom April dislikes. (Aubrey Plaza herself came up with the idea of her character's boyfriend being gay and her boyfriend himself dating another gay guy.)[7]

text: Season 2[edit]

text: Although still dating her openly gay boyfriend, Derek, who is still dating his gay boyfriend, Ben, April begins to develop a crush on Andy Dwyer (who works at city hall), the ex-boyfriend of Ann Perkins.[8] Andy is able to make April smile, which is something she rarely does.[9] April flirts with Andy and even convinces Andy to let her give him hickeys on his neck in order to make Ann jealous, but Andy nevertheless remains unaware of her feelings toward him.[10] In order to remain close to Andy, April volunteers to work as Ron's assistant, ending her time as an intern and establishing a full-time position at the Pawnee town hall.[11] April finally breaks up with Derek after he makes fun of Andy and gives her a hard time about spending too much time with him.[12] Toward the end of the season Andy and April's relationship begins to grow to the point that he begins to reciprocate her feelings but their age difference continues to be a wedge between them. They admit their mutual attraction to each other in the season finale, but she tells him she does not want to get involved with him due to what she perceives as his lasting feelings for Ann. She changes her mind after he gets into a car accident and the two kiss for the first time, but she leaves abruptly after he reveals Ann kissed him just two minutes earlier.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: April traveled to Venezuela between seasons but has returned to Pawnee to continue her job at the Parks Dept. and has a new Spanish-speaking Venezuelan boyfriend, Eduardo. April eventually breaks up with Eduardo after he becomes friends with Andy because Eduardo was used only to make Andy jealous. April tells Andy to do all of the things she hates doing for her for a month. After only one day of him doing this, April kisses Andy. Andy and April decide to get married in "April and Andy's Fancy Party" after only one month of dating. Andy had proposed to April the day before the party asking, "What if we got married tomorrow?" to which April replied, "Fine." They were married at their dinner party (which was actually a surprise ceremony) in front of their friends and family.[1][13] With a great deal of help from new housemate Ben Wyatt they have learned, to a limited extent, how to live and act like working adults.

text: Season 4[edit]

text: April and Andy throw a Halloween party at which Ron and Ann go around fixing all of the problems in her and Andy's house. She becomes a member of Leslie's campaign as the "youth outreach". April takes over a large portion of Leslie's duties in the Parks and Rec department towards the end of the season to allow Leslie to concentrate on the election. April is shown to somewhat enjoy and excel in this position. In "Bus Tour", April becomes legally known as April Ludgate-Dwyer.

text: Season 5[edit]

text: April is working as Ben's assistant at Washington D.C. as he successfully runs a congressional re-election campaign. She actively supports Andy while he tries to get into the Pawnee Police Department. Following her passion for animals, she develops plans to have Lot 48 become a dog park. She reveals that she wants to become a veterinarian and asks Ann to write her a recommendation letter. April becomes Deputy Director of the Animal Control by suggesting it be absorbed into the Parks Department due to its inefficiency.

text: Season 6[edit]

text: At the beginning of Season 6, April is planning on attending Veterinary School; however, upon going to the orientation with Ann she realizes it is not what she wants to do. While she supports Andy for having a job away in London, she is very upset while he is away and misses him. She develops a closer relationship with Donna, and they both try to stop Tom leaving the Parks Department by being unhelpful as he searches for a property for his restaurant. However, they later feel guilty, and help him find the perfect place. When Andy returns, she actively supports him on playing music for children, deciding to become his manager. While she makes out she is excited that Ann is leaving Pawnee, the pair share a nostalgic farewell at the Pawnee Commons site in "Ann and Chris". Along with Andy, Tom and some other Pawnee youths, she comes up with the idea of holding a Unity concert celebrating the merger. In the season finale, April has Leslie named a founder of the revamped city of Pawnee and motivates her to convince the National Park Service to move the Midwest Branch to Pawnee, which allows Leslie and Ben to stay. In addition, it is revealed that April and Andy are still happily married in 2017, with April working for Leslie.

text: Season 7[edit]

text: It's 2017 and April laments, as time has passed and she has remained in her government career, she fears she and Andy are becoming ordinary and boring. While driving through the warehouse district, they spot a creepy old house with an equally creepy owner. He tells them it was a place for old factory workers who ended up going mad. They decide to purchase it. When Joan Callamezzo is honored by the mayor, April starts to feel that her life hasn't been fulfilled yet, and realises working in the Parks Department really isn't her dream job. In "Ms. Ludgate-Dwyer Goes to Washington", April is trying to find a way to tell Leslie that she wants to leave the Parks Department. When she finally tells Leslie, after a bit of reluctance, Leslie decides to help her. Leslie takes April to the American Service Foundation, which helps determine potential occupations for job-seekers. After April's meeting, April tells Leslie that she would like to work at the Foundation itself. April and Andy decide to relocate to Washington D.C when April gets an offer to work for the Foundation. However, she feels guilty for making Andy give up 'the best job he's ever had' working as Johnny Karate on his own TV show. Andy assures her that she is the best thing that ever happened to him and after all the support she has given him, helping him to become a children's entertainment phenomenon, she deserves his support in her search for happiness.

text: In a series of flash-forwards in the final episode, April and Andy ask Leslie and Ben for advice regarding the prospect of having children, which Andy very much wants but April does not. They decide to try for it and their son Jack (short for Jack-o-Lantern) is born on Halloween 2023. By 2025 the couple is expecting their second child.

text: Development[edit]

text: The role of April Ludgate was written specifically for Aubrey Plaza. Upon meeting the actress, Parks and Recreation casting director Allison Jones contacted series co-creator Michael Schur and said, "I just met the weirdest girl I’ve ever met in my life. You have to meet her and put her on your show."[14] Schur said he met with her and was taken so off-guard by her quiet and deadpan personality that he felt incredibly awkward and uncomfortable, spending the whole meeting trying to keep her entertained. Schur said that from that meeting on, he and fellow co-creator Greg Daniels knew they wanted to cast her on the show.[14][15] When the scripts for Parks and Recreation were first written, the character was referred to simply as "Aubrey".[15]


document_title: Zach Tyler Eisen

question_text: who voices aang in avatar the last airbender

text: Zach Tyler Eisen

text:
Zach Tyler Eisen

Born
Zachary Tyler Eisen[1]
(1993-09-25) September 25, 1993 (age 24)
Stamford, Connecticut, U.S.[1]

Education
Syracuse University[2]

Occupation
Voice actor

Years active
1996–2008[2]

text: Zachary "Zach" Tyler Eisen (born September 25, 1993) is a former American voice actor. His roles include Aang in the animated series Avatar: The Last Airbender, Lucas Nickle in The Ant Bully, Andrew in Nick Jr.'s Little Bill, and Pablo the Penguin in Nick Jr.'s The Backyardigans.[1] While living in Connecticut he did most of the Avatar: The Last Airbender recordings via satellite.

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
Entropy (1999) - Lucas[1]
Little Bill (1999–2002) – Andrew[1]
Marci X (2003) - Boy
The Backyardigans – Pablo the Penguin[1] (2004–06)
Avatar: The Last Airbender (2005–08) - Aang[1]
The Ant Bully (2006) – Lucas Nickle[3][4]
Calling All Engines from Tomorrowland (2005) - Sailing Around the World (Season 1)


document_title: I Feel Pretty (film)

question_text: who played the grandma in i feel pretty

question_tokens: who played the grandma in i feel pretty

text: I Feel Pretty (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Renee Bennett is a young woman of average physical attractiveness and fitness, who struggles with insecurity over her appearance. Out of a Chinatown basement office, she manages the website for cosmetics giant Lily LeClaire while aspiring to work in their Fifth Avenue headquarters. But she declines to apply for a receptionist position there after reading the job description's emphasis on being the beautiful "face" of LeClaire. One night, inspired by the movie Big, Renee wishes at a fountain to be beautiful, but nothing happens. The next day, Renee falls off her SoulCycle bike, hitting her head and losing consciousness. When she wakes, she has not changed physically, but she believes herself to be astonishingly beautiful.

text: Renee approaches the world with newfound confidence. When a man named Ethan speaks to her innocuously at the dry cleaner, she assumes he is hitting on her and insists they exchange numbers. She applies for the receptionist position; impressed by Renee's attitude and idealistic admiration for the brand, CEO Avery LeClaire hires her. Renee quickly excels, impressing Avery's brother Grant. Renee asks Ethan out, and on their date she participates in a "bikini body" contest against women with idealized figures. She wins over the crowd but loses the competition, and tells Ethan she doesn't need external validation to know she's beautiful. Ethan praises her self-knowledge, and she appreciates his openness over not yet knowing himself. She brings him to her apartment and they have sex.

text: At LeClaire, Renee earns her coworkers' respect with her insight into the company's new diffusion line when she explains how the creative team's luxury sensibilities don't resonate with the new clientele of Target shoppers. Avery admits to Renee that she is insecure over her babyish voice. Avery invites Renee and Ethan to a dinner meeting with Grant and company founder Lily LeClaire, Avery and Grant's grandmother. Renee quickly builds a rapport with Lily; to curry favor with Lily, Avery invites Renee to an important business meeting in Boston.

text: Renee's attitude changes. She becomes less respectful of LeClaire visitors who aren't fashionable or glamorous. She alienates her best friends, Vivian and Jane, by ditching them to attend an exclusive party with her coworkers, and by dismissing their attempts at conversation during a group date in an effort to make them seem sexier. She storms out after they criticize her. In Boston, she nearly gives into Grant's romantic overtures but pulls away from a near kiss when she receives a message from Ethan. She locks herself in the hotel bathroom. Questioning her sense of self, she suffers a new head injury in a fall in the shower. When she awakens, she perceives her real physical appearance.

text: Devastated and believing a magical transformation has been reversed, she immediately returns to New York alone. Vivian and Jane reject Renee's apology. Assuming Ethan will no longer be attracted to her, she breaks up with him over the phone, moments after speaking to him in person while believing he does not recognize her. Ethan is brokenhearted and confused. Renee tries to recreate her original injury at SoulCycle, but completes the workout without incident. She encounters her beautiful acquaintance Mallory, crying in the locker room over being dumped. She tells Renee that she suffers from low self-esteem and feels like people assume any beautiful woman is unintelligent.

text: When Renee hears Mallory is auditioning to model for the LeClaire diffusion line, she realizes LeClaire is again out of touch with everyday women. She crashes the product launch and, in the course of displaying her own before-and-after photos, realizes that she was never transformed. She gives an impassioned speech about women accepting themselves as they are. She presents a collage of diverse women, featuring Vivian and Jane who appreciate the gesture. Lily praises Avery for having the insight to hire Renee. The latter reconciles with Ethan, who tells her that she is the most beautiful woman in the world. She continues to attend SoulCycle.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Amy Schumer as Renee Bennett, an ordinary woman who struggles with feelings of insecurity and inadequacy on a daily basis. She wakes up from a fall believing she is beautiful and capable, despite looking and being the same as always.[5]
Michelle Williams as Avery LeClaire, Renee's stunning cosmetics company boss, Grant’s sister and Lily’s granddaughter.[6]
Emily Ratajkowski as Mallory, a woman who Renee looks up to because of her good looks.
Rory Scovel as Ethan, Renee's love interest[7]
Aidy Bryant[8] as Vivian, one of Renee’s two best friends
Busy Philipps[8] as Jane, one of Renee’s two best friends
Naomi Campbell as Helen
Lauren Hutton[8] as Lily LeClaire, Grant and Avery's grandmother
Tom Hopper[8] as Grant LeClaire, Avery’s brother and Lily’s grandson.
Sasheer Zamata[8] as Tasha
Dave Attell[8] as Really Tan Dude
Adrian Martinez[8] as Mason

text: Production[edit]

text: On April 17, 2017, it was announced that Amy Schumer was signed on to star in I Feel Pretty, written and directed by Abby Kohn and Marc Silverstein, and set to commence principal production on the East Coast, particularly in Boston, Massachusetts, in July 2017.[9]

text: In May 2017, STX Entertainment acquired domestic distribution rights for approximately $15 million at the 2017 Cannes Film Festival.[10] By May 31, 2017, Michelle Williams had joined the cast.[11] In June 2017, Emily Ratajkowski and Rafe Spall also joined.[12][13] By July 28, 2017, Rory Scovel had replaced Spall, due to a "travel issue" that couldn't be resolved before the shoot, and the film had commenced principal production, with New York City added to the scheduled locations.[14] On August 30, 2017, the supporting cast was announced.[8]

text: Release[edit]

text: I Feel Pretty was initially scheduled to be released on June 29, 2018, by STX Entertainment, but in February 2018 was moved up to April 27, 2018, due to solid test screening results.[15][16] The release date was later changed again to April 20, 2018, a week earlier, to avoid competition with Avengers: Infinity War, which after I Feel Pretty's initial move, had itself moved from its May 4, 2018 date to April 27.[17]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of May 22, 2018[update], I Feel Pretty has grossed $47 million in the United States and Canada, and $19 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $66 million, against a production budget of $32 million.[2]

text: In the United States and Canada, I Feel Pretty was released alongside Traffik and Super Troopers 2, and was projected to gross $13–15 million from 3,440 theaters in its opening weekend.[18] It made $6.3 million on its first day, including $1 million from Thursday night previews which was better than the $650,000 made by Schumer's Snatched the year before. It went on to open to $16 million, finishing third behind A Quiet Place and Rampage. The opening was lower than both of Schumer's previous two films, Trainwreck ($30 million) and Snatched ($19.5 million).[19] In its second weekend the film dropped 49% to $8.1 million, remaining in third.[20] It dropped another 40% in its third week, making $4.9 million and coming in 4th.[21]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 33% based on 171 reviews, and an average rating of 5.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "I Feel Pretty has a charming star and the outline of a worthwhile comedy — but unlike its suddenly confident central character, it suffers from a fundamental lack of conviction."[22] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 47 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[23] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[19]

text: David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a "B–", saying: "Schumer's latest comedy could have used a few more polishes — it's a little flabby towards the backend, even if its star is totally fine just as she is — but it never slackens in its conviction that the world reflects how you feel about yourself, or in how empowering that can be if you come at it from the right angle."[24] Variety's Peter Debruge gave the film a moderately positive review, saying, "What sets I Feel Pretty apart is the inspired premise that Renee’s transformation takes place entirely in her head, while those around her are left befuddled by her sudden change of attitude — a concept that begs the question of why our society encourages women to second-guess their self-image in the first place."[25]

text: J.R. Kinnard of PopMatters wrote, "The only people who won't be bored by I Feel Pretty are those whom it offends. It's a gross miscalculation that might mean well, but fails to balance the sharpness and delicacy necessary to tackle the emotional carnage wrought by self-hatred. That it forgets to make us laugh is the final insult."[26]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, and criticized what he termed the hypocrisy of the filmmakers, saying, "...still: Is it really OK to get off making plus-size jokes just because you tack on a moralizing ending that teaches a lesson about body positivity? Can you have it both ways?"[27] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune also gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, and said, "I Feel Pretty [succumbs to all the wrong Hollywood contrivances]. It's just not funny or fresh enough, and that has everything to do with the material and how it's handled visually, and nothing to do with the people on the screen."[28]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: After the release of the trailer, Jeffrey Wells of Hollywood Elsewhere pointed out that elements of I Feel Pretty appeared to resemble the plot of the 1945 film The Enchanted Cottage, without crediting it as an inspiration.[29] Others accused the film of apparently body shaming, with Cosmopolitan writing, "[it's] insulting to anyone and everyone — from Amy herself all the way to women that are larger, less able-bodied...AKA, all the things that are promoted in society to be 'better.'"[30][18]

text: Comedian Bill Maher defended the film against the allegations of body shaming, knocking Schumer's critics on his HBO television show Real Time with Bill Maher, stating, "Tonight I'd like to examine the reaction to Amy Schumer's new film I Feel Pretty, which the professionally offended have decided that even though it's a film by women filmmakers presenting a pro-woman message, it does it the wrong way!"[31]


document_title: FIFA World Cup hosts

question_text: when did mexico host the fifa world cup

question_tokens: when did mexico host the fifa world cup

text: FIFA World Cup hosts

text: List of hosts[edit]

text:
Year
Host
Continent
Winner

1930
 Uruguay
South America
 Uruguay

1934
 Italy
Europe
 Italy

1938
 France
Europe
 Italy

1942
Cancelled due to World War II

1946
Cancelled due to World War II

1950
 Brazil
South America
 Uruguay

1954
  Switzerland
Europe
 West Germany

1958
 Sweden
Europe
 Brazil

1962
 Chile
South America
 Brazil

1966
 England
Europe
 England

1970
 Mexico
North America
 Brazil

1974
 West Germany
Europe
 West Germany

1978
 Argentina
South America
 Argentina

1982
 Spain
Europe
 Italy

1986
 Mexico
North America
 Argentina

1990
 Italy
Europe
 West Germany

1994
 United States
North America
 Brazil

1998
 France
Europe
 France

2002
 South Korea /  Japan
Asia
 Brazil

2006
 Germany
Europe
 Italy

2010
 South Africa
Africa
 Spain

2014
 Brazil
South America
 Germany

2018
 Russia
Europe

2022
 Qatar
Asia

2026
TBD

2030
TBD

text: 1930 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Hungary
 Italy
 Netherlands
 Spain
 Sweden
 Uruguay

text: Before the FIFA Congress could vote on the first-ever World Cup host, a series of withdrawals led to the election of Uruguay; The Netherlands and Hungary withdrew; this was followed by Sweden withdrawing in favour of Italy; then both Italy and Spain withdrew, in favour of the only remaining candidate Uruguay. The FIFA Congress met in Barcelona, Spain on 18 May 1929 to ratify the decision, and Uruguay was chosen without a vote.[citation needed]

text: Results:

text:
Uruguay
 Italy withdrew
 Spain withdrew
 Sweden withdrew
 Netherlands withdrew
 Hungary withdrew

tag: ol

text: Notice that the celebration of the first World Cup coincided with the centennial anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay. For that reason, the main stadium built in Montevideo for the World Cup was named Estadio Centenario.

text: 1934 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Italy
 Sweden

text: Sweden decided to withdraw before the vote, allowing the only remaining candidate Italy to take the hosting job for the 1934 World Cup. The decision was ratified by the FIFA Congress in Stockholm, Sweden and Zürich, Switzerland on 14 May 1932. The Italian Football Federation accepted the hosting duties on 9 October 1932.

text: Results:

text:
Italy
 Sweden withdrew

text: 1938 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 France
 Germany

text: Without any nations withdrawing their bids before the vote, the FIFA Congress convened in Berlin, Germany on 13 August 1936 to decide the next host of the World Cup. Electing France took only one ballot, as France had more than half of the votes in the first round.

text: Results:

text:
France, 19 votes
 Argentina, 4 votes
 Germany, 0 votes

text: Cancelled FIFA World Cups 1942 and 1946[edit]

text: Bids for 1942:

text:
Argentina
 Brazil
 Germany

text: Cancelled FIFA election of the host due to the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939.

text: Bids for 1946:

text: 1950 and 1954 FIFA World Cups[edit]

text: 1949 bid[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Brazil

text: Brazil, Argentina, and Germany had official bid for the 1942 World Cup, but the Cup was cancelled after the outbreak of World War II. The 1950 World Cup was originally scheduled for 1949, but the day after Brazil was selected by the FIFA Congress on 26 July 1946 in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, the World Cup was rescheduled for 1950.

text: Result:

text: Brazil

text: 1951 bid[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Switzerland

text: The 1951 World Cup hosting duty was decided on 26 July 1946, the same day that Brazil was selected for the 1949 World Cup, in Luxembourg City. On 27 July, the FIFA Congress pushed back the 5th World Cup finals for three years, deciding it should take place in 1954.

text: Result:

text: Switzerland

text: 1958 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Sweden

text: Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Sweden expressed interest in hosting the tournament.[4] Swedish delegates lobbied other countries at the FIFA Congress held in Rio de Janeiro around the opening of the 1950 World Cup finals.[4] Sweden was awarded the 1958 tournament unopposed in on 23 June 1950.[5]

text: Result:

text: Sweden

text: 1962 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 Chile
 West Germany

text: West Germany withdrew before the vote, which took place in Lisbon, Portugal on 10 June 1956, leaving two remaining bids. In one round of voting, Chile won over Argentina.

text: Results:

text:
Chile, 32 votes
 Argentina, 11 votes
 West Germany withdrew

text: 1966 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
England
 West Germany
 Spain

text: Spain withdrew from the bidding prior to voting by the FIFA Congress, held in Rome, Italy on 22 August 1960. Again, there was only one round of voting, with England defeating West Germany for the hosting position.

text: Results:

text:
England, 34 votes
 West Germany, 27 votes
 Spain withdrew

text: 1970 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 Australia
 Colombia
 Japan
 Mexico
 Peru

text: The FIFA Congress convened in Tokyo, Japan on 8 October 1964. One round of voting saw Mexico win the hosting duties over Argentina.

text: Results:

text:
Mexico, 56 votes
 Argentina, 32 votes
 Australia withdrew
 Colombia withdrew
 Japan withdrew
 Peru withdrew

text: 1974, 1978, 1982 FIFA World Cups[edit]

text: Three hosts for the 1974, 1978, and 1982 World Cups were chosen in London, England on 6 July 1966 by the FIFA Congress. Spain and West Germany, both facing each other in the running for hosting duties for the 1974 and 1982 World Cups, agreed to give one another a hosting job. Germany withdrew from the 1982 bidding process while Spain withdrew from the 1974 bidding process, essentially guaranteeing each a hosting spot. Mexico, who had won the 1970 hosting bid over Argentina just two years prior, agreed to withdraw and let Argentina take the hosting position.

text: 1974 results[edit]

text:
West Germany
 Spain withdrew in exchange for 1982 hosting duties
 Italy withdrew
 Netherlands withdrew

text: 1978 results[edit]

text:
Argentina
 Colombia withdrew
 Mexico withdrew, as they had won hosting for World Cup 1970

text: 1982 results[edit]

text:
Spain
 West Germany withdrew in exchange for 1974 hosting duties
 Italy withdrew

text: 1986 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Colombia

text: Host voting, handled by the then-FIFA Executive Committee (or Exco), met in Stockholm on 9 June 1974 and ratified the unopposed Colombian bid.

text: Result:

text: Colombia

text: However, Colombia withdrew after being selected to host the World Cup due to financial problems on 5 November 1982, less than four years before the event was to start. A call for bids was sent out again, and FIFA received intent from three nations:

text:
Canada
 Mexico
 United States

text: In Zürich on 20 May 1983, Mexico won the bidding unanimously as voted by the Executive Committee, for the first time in FIFA World Cup bidding history (except those nations who bid unopposed).

text: Results:

text:
Mexico unanimous vote
 United States 0 votes
 Canada 0 votes

text: 1990 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Austria
 England
 France
 Greece
 Iran
 Italy
 Soviet Union
 West Germany
 Yugoslavia

text: Except Italy and the Soviet Union, all nations withdrew before the vote, which was to be conducted by Exco in Zürich on 19 May 1984. Once again, only one round of voting was required, as Italy won more votes than the Soviet Union.

text: Results:

text:
Italy, 11 votes
 Soviet Union, 5 votes
 Austria withdrew
 England withdrew
 France withdrew
 Greece withdrew
 Iran withdrew
 West Germany withdrew
 Yugoslavia withdrew

text: 1994 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Brazil
 Morocco
 United States
 Chile

text: Despite having three nations bidding for host duties, voting only took one round. The vote was held in Zürich (for the third straight time) on 4 July 1988. The United States won the bid by receiving a little over half of the votes by the Exco members.

text: Results:

text:
United States, 10 votes
 Morocco, 7 votes
 Brazil, 2 votes
 Chile withdrew

text: 1998 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
England
 France
 Germany
 Morocco
  Switzerland

text: This vote was held in Zürich for the fourth straight time on 1 July 1992. Only one round of voting was required to have France assume the hosting job over Morocco.

text: Result:

text:
France, 12 votes
 Morocco, 7 votes
  Switzerland withdrew
 England withdrew
 Germany withdrew

text: 2002 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
South Korea/ Japan
 Mexico

text: On 31 May 1996, the hosting selection meeting was held in Zürich for the fifth straight time. A joint bid was formed between Japan and South Korea, and the bid was "voted by acclamation", an oral vote without ballots. The first joint bid of the World Cup was approved, edging out Mexico.

text: Results:

text:
South Korea/ Japan (joint bid, voted by acclamation)
 Mexico

text: The 2002 FIFA World Cup was co-hosted in Asia for the first time by South Korea and Japan (the final was held in Japan). Initially, the two Asian countries were competitors in the bidding process. But just before the vote, they agreed with FIFA to co-host the event. However, the rivalry and distance between them led to organizational and logistical problems. FIFA has said that co-hosting is not likely to happen again, and in 2004 officially stated that its statutes did not allow co-hosting bids.[6]

text: 2006 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Brazil
 England
 Germany
 Morocco
 South Africa

text: On 6 July 2000, the host selection meeting was held for the sixth straight time in Zürich. Brazil withdrew its bid three days before the vote, and the field was narrowed to four. This was the first selection in which more than one vote round was required. Three votes were eventually needed. Germany was at least tied for first in each of the three votes, and ended up defeating South Africa by only one vote after an abstention (see below).

text:
Results

Nation
Vote

Round 1
Round 2
Round 3

 Germany
10
11
12

 South Africa
6
11
11

 England
5
2
Eliminated

 Morocco
2
Eliminated
Eliminated

Total votes
23
24
23

text: Controversy[edit]

text: The controversy over the decision to award the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany led to a further change in practice. The final tally was 12 votes to 11 in favour of Germany over the contenders South Africa, who had been favorites to win. New Zealand FIFA member Charlie Dempsey, who was instructed to vote for South Africa by the Oceania Football Confederation, abstained from voting at the last minute. If he had voted for the South African bid, the tally would have been 12–12, giving the decision to FIFA President Sepp Blatter, who, it was widely believed, would then have voted for South Africa.[7]

text: Dempsey was among eight members of the Executive Committee to receive a fax by editors of the German satirical magazine Titanic on Wednesday, the night before the vote, promising a cuckoo clock and Black Forest ham in exchange for voting for Germany. He argued that the pressure from all sides including "an attempt to bribe" him had become too much for him.[8]

text: On 4 August 2000, consequently, FIFA decided to rotate the hosting of the final tournaments between its constituent confederations. This was until October 2007, during the selection of the host for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, when they announced that they will no longer continue with their continental rotation policy (see below).[9][10]

text: 2010 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Egypt
 Morocco
 Nigeria
 South Africa
 Tunisia /  Libya

text: The first World Cup bidding process under continental rotation (the process of rotating hosting of the World Cup to each confederation in turn) was the 2010 FIFA World Cup,[6] the first World Cup to be held in Africa. On 7 July 2001, during the FIFA Congress in Buenos Aires, a decision was ratified, which was that the rotation will begin in Africa.[11] On 23 September 2002, FIFA's Executive Committee confirmed that only African member associations, would be invited to submit bids to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[12]

text: In January 2003, Nigeria entered the bidding process, but withdrew their bid in September.[13][14] In March 2003, Sepp Blatter initially said Nigeria's plan to co host the 2010 FIFA World Cup with four African countries would not work.[15] Nigeria had originally hoped to bid jointly with West African neighbours Benin, Ghana, and Togo.

text: After it was confirmed by FIFA that joint bidding would not be allowed in the future, Libya and Tunisia withdrew both of their bids on 8 May 2004. On 15 May 2004 in Zürich (the seventh consecutive time that a host selection has been made there), South Africa, after a narrow loss in the 2006 bidding, defeated perennial candidate Morocco to host, 14 votes to 10. Egypt received no votes.

text:
Results

Nation
Vote

Round 1

 South Africa
14

 Morocco
10

 Egypt
0

 Tunisia /  Libya
Withdrew

 Nigeria
Withdrew

Total votes
24

text: Controversy[edit]

text: On 28 May 2015, media covering the 2015 FIFA corruption case reported that high-ranking officials from the South African bid committee had secured the right to host the World Cup by paying US$10 million in bribes to then-FIFA Vice President Jack Warner and to other FIFA Executive Committee members.[16]

text: On 4 June 2015, FIFA executive Chuck Blazer, having co-operated with the FBI and the Swiss authorities, confirmed that he and the other members of FIFA's executive committee were bribed in order to promote the South African 1998 and 2010 World Cups. Blazer stated, "I and others on the Fifa executive committee agreed to accept bribes in conjunction with the selection of South Africa as the host nation for the 2010 World Cup."[17][18]

text: On 6 June 2015, The Daily Telegraph reported that Morocco had received the most votes, but South Africa was awarded the tournament instead.[19]

text: 2014 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 Brazil
 Colombia

text: FIFA continued its continental rotation procedure by earmarking the 2014 World Cup for South America. FIFA initially indicated that it might back out of the rotation concept,[20] but later decided to continue it through the 2014 host decision, after which it was dropped.

text: Colombia had expressed interest in hosting the 2014 World Cup,[21] but withdrew undertaking the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup.[22] Brazil also expressed interest in hosting the World Cup. CONMEBOL, the South American Football Federation, indicated their preference for Brazil as a host.[23] Brazil was the only nation to submit a formal bid when the official bidding procedure for CONMEBOL member associations was opened in December 2006, as by that time, Colombia, Chile and Argentina had already withdrawn, and Venezuela was not allowed to bid.

text: Brazil made the first unopposed bid since the initial selection of the 1986 FIFA World Cup (when Colombia was selected as host, but later withdrew for financial problems). The FIFA Executive Committee confirmed it as the host country on 30 October 2007 by a unanimous decision.[24]

text: Result:

text:
2014 FIFA bidding (majority 12 votes)

Bidders
Votes

Round 1
Round 2

 Brazil
N/A
N/A

 Argentina

Withdrew

 Colombia

Withdrew

text: 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups[edit]

text:
2018 Bids:

 Belgium /  Netherlands
 England
 Spain /  Portugal
 Russia

2022 Bids:

 Australia
 Japan
 South Korea
 Qatar
 United States

text: Wikinews has related news: FIFA receives eleven bids for 2018 and 2022 World Cups

text: FIFA announced on 29 October 2007 that it will no longer continue with its continental rotation policy, implemented after the 2006 World Cup host selection. The newest host selection policy is that any country may bid for a World Cup, provided that their continental confederation has not hosted either of the past two World Cups. For the 2018 World Cup bidding process, this meant that bids from Africa and South America were not allowed.

text: For the 2022 World Cup bidding process, this meant that bids from South America and Europe were not allowed.[25][26] Also, FIFA formally allowed joint bids once more (after they were banned in 2002), due to there being only one organizing committee per joint bid, unlike Korea/Japan, which had two different organizing committees.[27] Countries that announced their interest included Australia, England, Indonesia, Japan, Qatar, Russia, South Korea, United States, the joint bid of Spain and Portugal and the joint bid of Belgium and Netherlands.[25][28][29]

text: The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country geographically to host the World Cup. Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time a World Cup will be held in the Middle East and the second time in Asia. Also, the decision made it the smallest country geographically to host the World Cup.[30]

text:
2018 Results

Nation
Vote

Round 1
Round 2

 Russia
9
13

 Spain /  Portugal
7
7

 Netherlands /  Belgium
4
2

 England
2
Eliminated

Total votes
22
22

text:
2022 results

Nation
Vote

Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4

 Qatar
11
10
11
14

 United States
3
5
6
8

 South Korea
4
5
5
Eliminated

 Japan
3
2
Eliminated
Eliminated

 Australia
1
Eliminated
Eliminated
Eliminated

Total votes
22
22
22
22

text: Accusations of bribery[edit]

text: Before the vote, allegations of bribery resulted in the suspension of two FIFA Executive Committee members, reducing the number of voters to 22.[31]

text: In May 2011, allegations of corruption within the FIFA senior officials raised questions over the legitimacy of the World Cup being held in Qatar. According to then vice-President Jack Warner, an email has been publicised about the possibility that Qatar 'bought' the 2022 World Cup through bribery via Mohammed bin Hammam who was president of the Asian Football Confederation at the time. Qatar's officials in the bid team for 2022 have denied any wrongdoing.[32]

text: A whistleblower, revealed to be Phaedra Almajid, alleged that several African officials were paid $1.5 million by Qatar.[33] She later retracted her claims of bribery, stating she had fabricated them in order to exact revenge on the Qatari bid team for relieving her of her job with them. She also denied being put under any pressure to make her retraction. FIFA confirmed receiving an email from her which stated her retraction.[34][35]

text: On 1 June 2014, The Sunday Times claimed to have obtained documents including e-mails, letters and bank transfers which allegedly proved that Bin Hammam had paid more than US$5 million to football officials to support the Qatar bid. Bin Hamman and all those accused of accepting bribes denied the charges[36]

text: More suspicions emerged in March 2014 when it was discovered that Jack Warner, who was made to leave his post as president of CONCACAF in disgrace, and his family were paid almost $2 million from a firm linked to Qatar's successful campaign. The FBI is investigating Warner and his alleged links to the Qatari bid.[37]

text: 2026 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Canada /  USA /  Mexico
 Morocco

text: A CONCACAF bid for the 2026 World Cup is probable, with Canada, USA, and Mexico the most likely nations to bid.[38] Under FIFA rules as of 2016, the 2026 Cup cannot be in either Europe (UEFA) or Asia (AFC),[39][40] leaving an African (CAF) bid, a North American (CONCACAF) bid, a South American (CONMEBOL) bid or an Oceanian (OFC) bid as other possible options.[41] In March 2017, FIFA's president Gianni Infantino confirmed that "Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively."[42]

text: The bidding process was originally scheduled to start in 2015, with the appointment of hosts scheduled for the FIFA Congress on 10 May 2017 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[43][44] On 10 June 2015, FIFA announced that the bid process for the 2026 FIFA World Cup was postponed.[45][46] However, following the FIFA Council meeting on 10 May 2016, a new bid schedule was announced for May 2020 as the last in a four-phase process.[47]

text: CONCACAF member federations (Canada, Mexico, United States) are favoured to host the 2026 World Cup for the first time since 1994 World Cup. Also, FIFA's president Infantino will consider the option for triple co-hosting by Canada, Mexico and the United States.[39][48] On 14 October 2016, FIFA said it will accept CONCACAF triple tournament-sharing bid by Canada, Mexico and the United States.[49]

text: According to CONCACAF president, Victor Montagliani, there would be a possibility of a joint bid between Canada, United States, and Mexico to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[50]

text: On 10 April 2017, Canada, the United States, and Mexico announced their intention to submit a joint bid to co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup, with three-quarters of the games to be played in the U.S., including the final.[51]

text: On 11 August 2017, Morocco has officially announced a bid to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[52]

text: Official 2026 Bids:

text:
CONCACAF:

 Canada /  United States /  Mexico: Canada–United States–Mexico 2026 FIFA World Cup bid[49][53][54][55]

text:
CAF:

 Morocco: Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid[56][57]

text: 2030 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Uruguay /  Argentina /  Paraguay
 England

text: Six early bids for the 2030 FIFA World Cup - the Centennial World Cup - have been proposed, with a collective bid from the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations,[58] a proposed bid by the Football Federation of Chile,[59] a proposed joint bid from Uruguay and Argentina,[60] a proposed bid from Colombia,[61][62] a proposed bid by The Football Association of England,[63] and a proposed joint bid from New Zealand and Australia.[64][65] Under FIFA rules as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC) because the Asian Football Confederation is excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022.[66][63] Also in June 2017, UEFA's president Aleksander Čeferin stated that Europe (UEFA) will definitely fight for its right to host the 2030 World Cup.[67]

text: The Uruguay–Argentina bid would coincide with the centennial anniversary of the first FIFA World Cup final, and the bicentennial of the first Constitution of Uruguay. The Uruguay-Argentina bid was officially confirmed on 29 July 2017. Paraguay is aiming for joining the bid, but this is not confirmed or discarded yet. The efforts for the inclusion of Paraguay in the bid caused discomfort in the Uruguayan Football Association, and Wilmar Valdéz (AUF president) accused some insistence of the Conmebol although it is not official that Paraguay joins the event.[68] Chile also wants to organize the World Cup with Uruguay and Argentina.[69]

text: A joint bid was announced by the Argentine Football Association and the Uruguayan Football Association on 29 July 2017.[70] Before Uruguay and Argentina played out a goalless draw in Montevideo, FC Barcelona players Luis Suárez and Lionel Messi promoted the bid with commemorative shirts.[71] On 31 August 2017, it was suggested Paraguay would join as a third host.[72] CONMEBOL, the South American confederation, confirmed the joint three-way bid in September 2017.[73]

text: English FA vice chairman David Gill has proposed that his country could potentially bid for 2030, provided that the bidding process is made more transparent.[74] "England is one of few countries that could stage even a 48-nation event in its entirety, while Football Association chief executive Martin Glenn made it clear earlier this year bidding for 2030 was an option."[63] In June 2017, UEFA stated that "it would support a pan-British bid for 2030 or even a single bid from England."[75]

text: It is expected that teams from "South America (CONMEBOL) and Europe (UEFA) will likely to be in a bid competition for 2030."[76]

text: Confirmed 2030 bids:

text:
CONMEBOL:

 Uruguay /  Argentina /  Paraguay: Uruguay–Argentina–Paraguay 2030 FIFA World Cup bid[77][78][79][60][60][80]

text: Expressed interest in bidding:

text:
OFC and AFC:

 New Zealand[64] and  Australia[64][65]

text:
UEFA:

 England[74][63][81]

text: 2034 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
ASEAN ( Brunei,  Cambodia,  Indonesia,  Laos,  Malaysia,  Myanmar,  Philippines,  Singapore,  Thailand,  Vietnam)
 China

text: The first bid for the 2034 FIFA World Cup has been proposed as a collective bid by the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The idea of a combined ASEAN bid had been mooted as early as January 2011, when the former Football Association of Singapore President, Zainudin Nordin, said in a statement that the proposal had been made at an ASEAN Foreign Ministers meeting.[82] In 2013, Nordin and Special Olympics Malaysia President, Datuk Mohamed Feisol Hassan, recalled the idea for ASEAN to jointly host a World Cup. Under FIFA rules as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC) as Asian Football Confederation members are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022.[83][63] Therefore, the earliest bid by ASEAN could be made for 2034.[84][85]

text: Later, Malaysia has withdrawn from involvement but Singapore and other ASEAN countries continued the campaign to submit a joint bid for the World Cup in 2034. In February 2017, ASEAN held talks on launching a joint bid during a visit by FIFA chief Gianni Infantino to Yangon, Myanmar.[86]

text: In July 2017, Joko Driyono, the Vice-President of the Indonesia's Football Association, during meeting in Vietnam said that Indonesia and Thailand were set to lead a consortium of South-East Asian nations in the bid. Driyono added that due to geographic and infrastructure considerations and the expanded format (48 teams), at least two or three ASEAN countries combined would be in a position necessary to host matches.[87][88]

text: In September 2017, the Football Association of Thailand's Deputy CEO, Benjamin Tan, at the Asian Football Federation (AFF) Council meeting, confirmed that his Association has "put in their interest to bid and co-host" the 2034 World Cup with Indonesia.[89][90] On the same occasion, the General Secretary of the AFF, Dato Sri Azzuddin Ahmad, confirmed that Indonesia and Thailand will submit a joint bid.[91][92]

text: Far from ever having hosting the World Cup, no South-East Asian country ever qualified to the tournament. As of 2017, Indonesia is ranked by FIFA at 175th place and not a single national team from South-East Asia ranks in the FIFA top 100.[93]

text: China has announced its interest in bidding several times and reports stated "that China is likely to host the World Cup for the first time in 2034."[94]

text: Expressed interest in bidding:

text:
AFC:

 ASEAN ( Brunei,  Cambodia,  Indonesia,  Laos,  Malaysia,  Myanmar,  Philippines,  Singapore,  Thailand,  Vietnam)[95][96]
 China[97]

text: Total bids by country[edit]

text: World Cup-winning bids are bolded. Planned but not-yet-official bids for 2030 and beyond are not included.

text:
Country
Bids
Years

 Germany
6
1938, 1962,[a] 1966,[a] 1974,[a] 1982,[a] 2006

 Argentina
5
1938, 1962, 1970, 1978, 2030[b]

 Mexico
1970, 1978, 1986,[c] 2002, 2026[d]

 Morocco
1994, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2026

 Spain
1930, 1966, 1974, 1982, 2018[e]

 Brazil
4
1950, 1994, 2006, 2014

 England
1966, 1990, 2006, 2018

 United States
1986, 1994, 2022, 2026[d]

 Italy
3
1930, 1934, 1990

 Japan
1970, 2002,[f] 2022

 Canada
2
1986, 2026[d]

 Chile
1962, 2014

 Colombia
1986,[c] 2014

 France
1938, 1998

 Netherlands
1930, 2018[g]

 Russia
1990,[h] 2018

 South Africa
2006, 2010

 South Korea
2002,[f] 2022

  Switzerland
1954, 1998

 Uruguay
1930, 2030[b]

 Australia
2022

 Belgium
1
2018[g]

 Egypt
2010

 Greece
1990

 Hungary
1930

 Iran
1990

 Libya
2010[i]

 Paraguay
2030[b]

 Portugal
2018[e]

 Qatar
2022

 Sweden
1958

 Tunisia
2010[i]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bid by West Germany, which was joined by East Germany in 1990 to form the reunified nation of Germany.
^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
^ Jump up to: a b Colombia was originally chosen to host the 1986 World Cup, but withdrew from hosting due to economic concerns. After a second bidding, Mexico was selected as the replacement host.
^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Canada, Mexico and the United States.
^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Portugal and Spain.
^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Japan and South Korea.
^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Belgium and the Netherlands.
Jump up ^ Bid by the Soviet Union, which dissolved into multiple countries in 1991 and whose records are inherited by Russia.
^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Libya and Tunisia.

text: Host country performances[edit]

text: It is widely considered that home advantage is common in the World Cup, with the host team usually performing above average.[98] Of the eight countries that have won the tournament, only Brazil and Spain were not champions at home, and both England and France had their only titles as hosts.

text: Further, Sweden got to its only final as hosts of the 1958 tournament, and only the Swedes and Brazilians finished as runner-up in home soil.[99] The host country reached the semi-finals thirteen times in twenty tournaments, and both Chile and South Korea had their only finishes on the top four at home. Only South Africa in 2010 managed to not go past the group stage.[100]

text:
#
Performance
Team
Pld
W
D
L
Win%
GF
GA
GD
GD/M
GF/M

1
Champion
 Uruguay (1930)
4
4
0
0
100%
15
3
12
3
3.8

2
Champion
 France (1998)
7
6
1
0
93%
15
2
13
1.9
2.1

3
Champion
 England (1966)
6
5
1
0
92%
11
3
8
1.3
1.8

4
Champion
 Italy (1934)
5
4
1
0
90%
12
3
9
1.8
2.4

5
Champion
 West Germany (1974)
7
6
0
1
86%
13
4
9
1.3
1.9

6
Champion
 Argentina (1978)
7
5
1
1
79%
15
4
9
1.3
2.1

7
Runner-up
 Brazil (1950)
6
4
1
1
75%
22
6
16
2.7
3.7

8
Runner-up
 Sweden (1958)
6
4
1
1
75%
12
7
5
0.8
2

9
Third place
 Italy (1990)
7
6
1
0
93%
10
2
8
1.1
1.4

10
Third place
 Germany (2006)
7
5
1
1
79%
14
6
8
1.1
2

11
Third place
 Chile (1962)
6
4
0
2
67%
10
8
2
0.33
1.3

12
Fourth place
 South Korea (2002)
7
3
2
2
57%
8
6
2
0.3
1.1

13
Fourth place
 Brazil (2014)
7
3
2
2
57%
11
14
−3
−0.4
1.57

14
Quarter-final
 Mexico (1986)
5
3
2
0
80%
6
2
4
0.8
1.2

15
Quarter-final
 Mexico (1970)
4
2
1
1
63%
6
4
2
0.5
1.5

16
Quarter-final
  Switzerland (1954)
4
2
0
2
50%
11
11
0
0
2.8

17
Quarter-final
 France (1938)
2
1
0
1
50%
4
4
0
0
2

18
Second round
 Spain (1982)
5
1
2
2
40%
4
5
−1
−0.2
0.8

19
Round of 16
 Japan (2002)
4
2
1
1
63%
5
3
2
0.5
1.25

20
Round of 16
 United States (1994)
4
1
1
2
38%
3
4
−1
−0.3
0.8

21
Group stage
 South Africa (2010)
3
1
1
1
50%
3
5
−2
−0.7
1

text: Win% → Every draw counted as a half win. Wins on penalty shootouts are counted as draws.


document_title: List of supporting characters in ER

question_text: who played dr. benton's mother on er

question_tokens: who played dr. benton 's mother on er

text: List of supporting characters in ER

text: Desk clerks and other non-medical hospital staff[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Aylesworth, ReikoReiko Aylesworth
Hospital Chaplain
Julia Dupree
2007–2008

Benrubi, AbrahamAbraham Benrubi
Desk Clerk
Jerry Markovic
1994–1999; 2002–2006; 2008–2009

Borrego, JesseJesse Borrego
Desk Clerk
Javier
2007–2008

Bowen, AndrewAndrew Bowen
Desk Clerk Temp
Andrew "Andy"
1999–2000

Busia, AkosuaAkosua Busia
Hospital cafeteria worker and wife of Mobalage
Kobe "Kubby" Ekabo
1999

Calloway, JordanJordan Calloway
Volunteer
K.J. Thibeaux
2005–2006

Delpy, JulieJulie Delpy
Runner for Central Supplies and Luka's girlfriend
Nicole
2001

Evans, TroyTroy Evans
Desk Clerk
Frank Martin
2000–2009

Gebel, MałgorzataMałgorzata Gebel
ER Aide/Desk Clerk; Former Vascular Surgeon in Poland
Bogdana "Bob" Liwecki
1994–1995

Gossett, RobertRobert Gossett
Hospital Board Member
Dr Everett Daniels
2008

Hargitay, MariskaMariska Hargitay
Desk Clerk, also Mark Greene's lover
Hooper, CynthiaCynthia Hooper
1997–1998

Hounsou, DjimonDjimon Hounsou
Custodian
Mobalage Ekabo
1999

Joyner, DavidDavid Joyner
Dialysis Technician

2004–2006

Minter, KristinKristin Minter
Desk Clerk
Miranda "Randi" Fronczak
1995–2003

Molina, RolandoRolando Molina
Desk Clerk
Rolando
1995–1996

Noland, CharlesCharles Noland
Desk Clerk/Trainee Nurse
E Ray Bozman
1995–1997

Plummer, GlennGlenn Plummer
Desk Clerk
Timmy Rawlins
1994–1995, 2006–2007

Price, MoiraMoira Price
Surgical Night Clerk
Liza
2005

Sinha, PamelaPamela Sinha
Desk Clerk
Amira
1999–2001, 2003–2005

Zane, LisaLisa Zane
Risk Management Administrator & Doug Ross's girlfriend
Diane Leeds
1995

text: Family members and friends[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Alexander, KhandiKhandi Alexander
Sister to Peter Benton
Jackie Robbins
1995–2001

Bartlett, BonnieBonnie Bartlett
Mother of Mark Greene. Died early in Season 6.
Ruth Greene
1997–1998

Beach, MichaelMichael Beach
Husband of Jeanie Boulet. Contracted HIV, unwittingly passed it on to Jeanie, died offscreen of AIDS in 2008.
Al Boulet (role played earlier by Bodison)
1995–1997

Bodison, WolfgangWolfgang Bodison
Husband of Jeanie Boulet
Al Boulet (role later played by Beach)
1995

Bowen, JulieJulie Bowen
Girlfriend of John Carter. In Season 5, Carter dated her but then contrived an excuse to break up with her.
Roxanne Please
1998–1999

Carson, Lisa NicoleLisa Nicole Carson
Girlfriend of Peter Benton. Claimed he was the father of her baby, later said he wasn't (which was true) and tried to take Reese away from him but failed to. Later became erratic and vindictive before she died in an auto accident.
Carla Reece
1996–2001

Chinh, KieuKieu Chinh
Mother of Jing-Mei Chen
Lin Chen
2003

Cheung, George KeeGeorge Kee Cheung
Father of Jing-Mei Chen (later played by Henry O)
Mr. Chen. Suffered permanently debilitating injuries in a car crash in China that killed his wife. Later euthanized by Jing-Mei.
2003–2004

Cullum, JohnJohn Cullum
Father of Mark Greene, a military veteran who finally reconciled with his son before dying late in Season 6.
David Greene
1997–2000

Culp, StevenSteven Culp
Boyfriend of Elizabeth Corday
Dave Spencer
2004

Davis, OliverOliver Davis
Son of Samantha Taggart
Alex Taggart (later played by Dominic Janes)
2003–2005

Mornay, Rebecca DeRebecca De Mornay
Carter's cousin's ex-wife
Elaine Nichols
1999

Dillahunt, GarretGarret Dillahunt
Ex-husband of Samantha Taggart (Earlier played by Cole Hauser)
Steve Curtis
2005–2006

Dooley, PaulPaul Dooley
Father of Susan Lewis, proved to be a much better parent than his asshole wife.
Henry Lewis
1995–1996; 2004

Farentino, JamesJames Farentino
Father of Doug Ross
Ray Ross. A charming man with issues not unlike the son he was never a father to. Died in a car accident in 1997.
1996

Field, SallySally Field
Mother of Abby Lockhart
Maggie Wyczenski
2000–2006

Fisher, FrancesFrances Fisher
Mother of Kerry Weaver
Helen Kingsley. A born-again Christian who gave Kerry up for adoption after giving birth as a teenager. Could not accept Kerry's homosexuality, leading Kerry to not pursue any further contact with her.
2005

Freeman, PaulPaul Freeman
Father of Elizabeth Corday
Dr Charles Corday
1998, 2001–2002

Glover, DannyDanny Glover
Father of Greg Pratt
Charlie Pratt. Greg's long-lost father, who Greg located and tried to forgive for abandoning him, but ultimately couldn't do so.
2005

Gregorio, RoseRose Gregorio
Mother of Carol Hathaway, who initially hated Doug and constantly undermined and fought with her daughter, but later was a good and loved parent.
Helen Hathaway
1996–1999

Gross, MichaelMichael Gross
Father of John Carter. Ineffectual man whom his son loved but didn't respect.
John "Jack" Carter Jr.
2001–2004

Curtis-Hall, VondieVondie Curtis-Hall
Husband of Carla Reece (Earlier played by Victor Williams)
Roger McGrath
2001

Harris, EstelleEstelle Harris
Mother of Jerry Markovic
Mrs. Markovic
2006

Harnos, ChristineChristine Harnos
Mark Greene's wife, then ex-wife
Jennifer "Jenn" Greene-Simon. Constantly bemoaned Mark's low-paying, high stress ER career and his refusal to take lucrative jobs elsewhere. Eventually left him, filed for divorce, and married someone else. Not much of a mother to Rachel, disappeared for good after Mark died.
1994–1996, 1996–1998, 2001–2002

Hauser, ColeCole Hauser
Ex-husband of Samantha Taggart
Steve Curtis
2004

Hazlewood, Rebecca JaneRebecca Jane Hazlewood
Cousin of Neela Rasgotra
Jaspreet
2008

Helgenberger, MargMarg Helgenberger
Doug Ross's girlfriend & his father's boss
Karen Hines
1996

Hirsh, HalleeHallee Hirsh
Daughter of Mark Greene (Earlier played by Yvonne Zima)
Rachel Greene
2001–2002; 2004; 2009

Hudson, ErnieErnie Hudson
Father of Michael Gallant
Colonel James Gallant
2006

Hurd, MichelleMichelle Hurd
Girlfriend of Kerri Weaver
Courtney Brown
2006–2007

Janes, DominicDominic Janes
Son of Samantha Taggart
Alex Taggart
2005–2009

Keach, StacyStacy Keach
Father of Tony Gates
Mike Gates
2007

Greenfield, ChloeChloe Greenfield
Daughter of Tony Gates
Sarah Gates
2006–2009

Kher, AnupamAnupam Kher
Father of Neela Rasgotra
Ajay Rasgotra
2004

Kher, KironKiron Kher
Mother of Neela Rasgotra
Mrs. Rasgotra
2004

Kwan, NancyNancy Kwan
Mother of Jing-Mei Chen
Lin Chen
2000

Laurie, PiperPiper Laurie
Mother of Doug Ross
Sarah Ross
1995–1996

Madigan, AmyAmy Madigan
Mother of Samantha Taggart
Mary Taggart
2009

Mayeux, RosaleeRosalee Mayeux
Mother of Ray Barnett
Jacy Barnett
2007

McDonnell, MaryMary McDonnell
Mother of John Carter
Eleanor Carter (née Ferguson)
2001

McFarlane, AndrewAndrew McFarlane
Nephew of Peter Benton
Jesse Robbins
2000

Morgan, TrevorTrevor Morgan
Son of Donald Anspaugh
Scott Anspaugh
1998

Newton, ThandieThandie Newton
Girlfriend and later wife of John Carter
Makemba "Kem" Likasu-Carter. Met John on a medical relief mission in the Congo. Fell in love with him and planned to be with him in Chicago, but their relationship never recovered after their son died in utero.
2003–2005; 2009

Nozick, BruceBruce Nozick
2nd husband of Jennifer "Jenn" Greene-Simon
Craig Simon
1995–1996

Parfitt, JudyJudy Parfitt
Mother of Elizabeth Corday
Isabelle Corday
2000–2002

Parker, AndreaAndrea Parker
Girlfriend of Doug Ross
Linda Farrell
1994–1995

Perrine, ValerieValerie Perrine
Mother of Susan Lewis
Cookie Lewis. A selfish, self-centered woman who constantly enabled Chloe and disappointed Susan.
1995

Radanovich, ZoranZoran Radanovich
Brother of Luka Kovač
Niko Kovač
2007

Ralph, Sheryl LeeSheryl Lee Ralph
Mother of Michael Gallant
Gloria Gallant
2006

Richards, BeahBeah Richards
Mother of Peter Benton
Mae Benton
1994–1995

Rhames, VingVing Rhames
Brother-in-law to Peter Benton
Walter Robbins
1994–1996

Scarfe, JonathanJonathan Scarfe
Cousin of John Carter
Chase Carter. Spoiled rotten young man who fell into heroin addiction and was left nearly vegetative after an overdose, but was last shown having improved greatly and being able to function in a limited manner.
1997–1998, 2001

Scott, Tom EverettTom Everett Scott
Brother of Abby Lockhart
Eric Wyczenski
2002–2003

Smith, LoisLois Smith
Grandmother of Samantha Taggart
Gracie
2007

Sternhagen, FrancesFrances Sternhagen
Grandmother of John Carter
Millicent "Gamma" Carter
1997–2003

Thedford, MarcelloMarcello Thedford
Brother of Greg Pratt
Leon Pratt
2002–2003

Valley, MarkMark Valley
Ex-husband of Abby Lockhart
Richard Lockhart
2000–2003

Victor, RenéeRenée Victor
Mother-in-law of Kerry Weaver
Florina Lopez
2004

Walsh, GwynythGwynyth Walsh
Mother of Lucy Knight
Barbara Knight
2000

Ward, FredFred Ward
Father of Abby Lockhart
Eddie Wyczenski
2006–2007

Watkins, MatthewMatthew Watkins
Son of Peter Benton
Reese Benton
1999–2001; 2009

Wilhoite, KathleenKathleen Wilhoite
Sister of Susan Lewis
Chloe Lewis
1994–1996; 2002

Williams, VictorVictor Williams
Husband of Carla Reece (Later played by Vondie Curtis-Hall)
Roger McGrath
1998–2001

Woodward, ShannonShannon Woodward
Sister of Samantha Taggart
Kelly Taggart
2009

Zima, YvonneYvonne Zima
Daughter of Mark Greene (Later played by Hallee Hirsh)
Rachel Greene
1994–2000

Actress uncredited
Sister of Lucien Dubenko
Victoria Dubenko
2006

text: Fire fighters, paramedics, police officers, and social workers[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Amick, MädchenMädchen Amick
Social Worker
Wendall Meade
2004–2005

Amitrano, ChristopherChristopher Amitrano
Police Officer
Officer Hollis
2006–2009

Bonilla, MichelleMichelle Bonilla
Paramedic
Christine Harms
1999—2009

Campbell, Scott MichaelScott Michael Campbell
EMT
Reilly Brown
1996

Claudio, ClaudineClaudine Claudio
Paramedic
Silva
2000–2001

Connor, Brendan PatrickBrendan Patrick Connor
Paramedic
Reidy
2006–2008

III, Elliot DurantElliot Durant III
Paramedic
Anders
2004, 2009

Eads, GeorgeGeorge Eads
Paramedic
Greg Powell
1997–1998

Eldard, RonRon Eldard
Paramedic. Carol's boyfriend in Season 2, before they broke up because the tragic death of his partner led to Shep becoming violent and scary and he refused to get help or deal with it.
Ray "Shep" Shepard
1995–1996

Emery, Julie AnnJulie Ann Emery
Paramedic
Nikki
2001–2003

Genovese, MikeMike Genovese
Police Officer
Al Grabarsky
1995–1996, 1998–2000

Gimpel, EricaErica Gimpel
Social Services Liaison
Adele Newman
1997–2003

Gómez, CarlosCarlos Gómez
Paramedic
Raul Melendez
1995–1996

Henderson, Lynn A.Lynn A. Henderson
Paramedic
Pamela Olbes
1995–2009

Karsian, TaraTara Karsian
Social Worker
Liz Dade
2005–2006, 2007, 2008–2009

Kim, Daniel DaeDaniel Dae Kim
Social Worker
Ken Sung
2003–2004

Lauter, EdEd Lauter
Fire Captain
Dannaker
1998–2002

Lester, BrianBrian Lester
Paramedic
Brian Dumar
1996—2009

Liberti, LouieLouie Liberti
Paramedic
Tony Bardelli
2003—2009

Manganiello, JoeJoe Manganiello
Police Officer
Officer Litchman
2007

McKnight, ChadChad McKnight
Police Officer
Officer Wilson
1995, 1996, 1999–2000, 2001–2004, 2006

Morgan, MicheleMichele Morgan
Paramedic and Dr. Corday's patient
Allison Beaumont
1997—1998

Navarro, DemetriusDemetrius Navarro
Paramedic
Morales
1998—2009

Nish, BobbyBobby Nish
Police officer
Danny Yau
2005–2006

Ruginis, VytoVyto Ruginis
Paramedic
Wright
2006—2007

Russell, MontéMonté Russell
Paramedic
Dwight Zadro
1995—2009

Vidal, LisaLisa Vidal
Firefighter
CFD Lt. Sandy Lopez
2001–2004

Wagner, EmilyEmily Wagner
Paramedic
Doris Pickman
1994—2009

Williams, CressCress Williams
Police officer and boyfriend/husband of Jeanie Boulet
Reggie Moore
1998–2000; 2008

text: Notable patients[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Benjamin, PaulPaul Benjamin
Junk Dealer, Greene's patient
Al Irving
1994, 2002

Buttons, RedRed Buttons
Carter's patient
Jules 'Ruby' Rubadoux. Carter benevolently but foolishly lied to him about his wife Sophie's terminal condition, leading to Ruby refusing to listen to Carter, but 10 years later when Ruby returned to the ER he and Carter were able to mend fences somewhat.
1995, 2005

Clooney, RosemaryRosemary Clooney
Alzheimer's disease patient
Mary Cavanaugh a.k.a. "Madam X"
1994

Cromwell, JamesJames Cromwell
Catholic Bishop and patient of Luka Kovač
Bishop Stewart
2001

Dunst, KirstenKirsten Dunst
Teen prostitute and Doug Ross's patient
Charlene "Charlie" Chiemienga
1996–1997

Gleason, JoannaJoanna Gleason
Allergy patient, Infomercial Director, and briefly Mark Greene's romance interest
Iris
1996

Hedaya, DanDan Hedaya
Lawyer and patient
Herb Spivak. Helped Mark fend off a civil lawsuit, later returned having lost all his money in a dot-com bust.
1997, 2005

Kurtz, SwoosieSwoosie Kurtz
Tele-evangelist and patient
Tina Marie Chambliss
1998

Krumholtz, DavidDavid Krumholtz
Schizophrenic patient who in a psychotic break stabbed both John Carter and Lucy Knight, the wounds leaving Carter injured and with life-long kidney problems and eventually resulted in Lucy's death.
Paul Sobricki
2000, 2002

Mara, MaryMary Mara
Originally a prostitute; later Secretary/Cancer patient
Loretta Sweet
1995–1996

Newhart, BobBob Newhart
Architect who is gradually going blind; patient of Dr. Lewis
Ben Hollander
2003

Vlahos, SamSam Vlahos
Homeless man and frequent patient in ER
Pablo
1997–1998; 2000–2003

Woods, JamesJames Woods
ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) patient, Abby Lockheart's teacher in medical school
Dr. Nate Lennox
2006

Radnor, JoshJosh Radnor
Alderman Bright's lover who contracted Syphilis and was treated under the table by Kerry Weaver
Keith. Because he was unaware of either Bright's condition or his own allergies, he died after having a bad reaction to penicillin.
2003

Weitz, BruceBruce Weitz
Alderman for City of Chicago and patient of Kerry Weaver for Syphilis
Alderman John Bright
2003

text: Others[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Sarandon, SusanSusan Sarandon
Grandmother of a boy who died in an accident. Gave Doug and Carol permission to harvest his kidney, which ended up being used for John Carter's successful transplant.
Nora
2009

Liotta, RayRay Liotta
A dying patient gives an insight into the regrets he has about his wasted life, with Greg Pratt going from hostility towards him (he reminds Pratt of his own, absentee father) to compassion as he dies over the course of an hour.
Charlie Metcalf
2004

Liu, LucyLucy Liu
Mother of a little boy who has AIDS
Mei-Sun Leow
1995

Lloyd, JakeJake Lloyd
Son of the patient Loretta Sweet
Jimmy Sweet
1996

McGregor, EwanEwan McGregor
Holds up a convenience store with hostages including Carol Hathaway
Duncan Stewart
1997

Torry, JoeJoe Torry
Sues Mark Greene after his brother dies; a suspect in Greene's beating but isn't responsible. He and Mark have a heated conversation in which both men admit they're not the reason for the other's misery.
Chris Law
1997

Whitford, BradleyBradley Whitford
Husband of a pregnant patient in Mark Greene's care
Sean O'Brien
1995

Belushi, JamesJames Belushi
Father who was brought in after a car accident with his son
Dan Harris
2001

Padalecki, JaredJared Padalecki
Son who was brought in after a car accident with his father
Paul Harris
2001

text: Shiri Appleby Season 1, Episode 1-Teen with etopic pregnancy

text: Secondary doctors and medical students[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Alda, AlanAlan Alda
ER Attending Physician
Dr. Gabriel Lawrence
1999

Anderson, SamSam Anderson
Chief of Cardiology and member of the board. Incredibly acerbic and not friendly to the ER, but good at his job.
Dr. Jack Kayson
1994–2007

Anzilotti, PerryPerry Anzilotti
Anesthesiologist
Perry
1994, 1995–2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2008

Appleby, ShiriShiri Appleby
Intern
Dr. Daria Wade
2008–2009

Aquino, AmyAmy Aquino
Chief of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Originally introduced as a shrieking harpy who clashed with the ER and refused to help anyone there, but evolved over time into a likable doctor who helped multiple ER regulars deal with pregnancies.
Dr. Janet Coburn
1994—2009

Arroyo, DannyDanny Arroyo
Medical student
Reid Mooney
2001

Aylward, JohnJohn Aylward
Chief of Staff (1996–1999), General surgeon and member of the board (1999–2006), Chief of Staff (2006–2009)
Dr. Donald Anspaugh
1996—2009

Bach, JillianJillian Bach
Medical Student
Penny Nicholson
2004–2006

Bailey, EionEion Bailey
Medical Student
Jake Scanlon
2004–2005

Benedicto, LourdesLourdes Benedicto
Pediatrics Intern. Briefly dated Carter in Season 7.
Rena Trujillo
2001

Bibb, LeslieLeslie Bibb
Medical Student, flirted with Kovac in Season 9 but was nearly killed in a car accident when he was driving.
Erin Harkins
2002–2003

Blackthorne, PaulPaul Blackthorne
Invasive Radiologist, had a fling with Dr. Corday.
Dr. Jeremy Lawson
2004

Bledel, AlexisAlexis Bledel
Intern who was a key figure in the series finale.
Dr. Julia Wise
2009

Boutsikaris, DennisDennis Boutsikaris
Surgeon
Dr. David Kotlowitz
1999

Joseph Bua
Special Education Student
Boo Bradley
2001

Brisbin, DavidDavid Brisbin
Anesthesiologist who hated Dr. Corday and vice versa.
Dr. Alexander Babcock
1998–2002

Brown, ClancyClancy Brown
SPG Doctor and Kerry Weaver's boyfriend
Dr. Ellis West
1997–1998

Caldwell, L. ScottL. Scott Caldwell
Director of Neo-Natology
Dr. Megan Rabb
2004, 2006

Cheadle, DonDon Cheadle
Medical Student. Turned from a successful business path after being diagnosed with Parkinson's.
Paul Nathan
2002

Cole, MeganMegan Cole
Pathologist
Dr. Alice Upton
1996, 1998, 2000–2001, 2003

Campos, BrunoBruno Campos
Vascular Surgeon
Dr. Eddie Dorset
2003

Fuente, Joel de laJoel de la Fuente
Medical student
Ivan Fu
1997

Doman, JohnJohn Doman
Chief of Psychiatry
Dr. Carl DeRaad
1999–2000, 2001, 2003

Drew, Malaya RiveraMalaya Rivera Drew
Medical Student
Katy Alvaro
2006–2007

Elise, ChristineChristine Elise
Medical Student. Love Interest of Carter in Season 2. Temporarily estranged with Carter after she was drunk and slept with Ross accidentality. Later reconciled with Carter but broke up with him over his behavior when seeking surgical procedures. It was revealed that her med school tuition was sponsored by the US Air Force, so she had to join USAF and serve for 4 years after she graduated from medical school.
Harper Tracy
1995–1996

Epps, OmarOmar Epps
Surgical Intern who constantly suffered Dr. Peter Benton's wrath although Dr. John Carter befriended him. Unfortunately, Benton's constant bullying of Gant drove Gant over the edge so much so that Gant committed suicide by jumping in front of a train. Gant's remains which were badly disfigured were later brought to County for treatment and when Gant was paged, Benton and Carter discovered to their horror that it was Gant that they were working on. Despite their best efforts, Gant eventually succumbed to his wounds and died, his death leaving Carter devastated and angry at himself and Benton for failing to see that there was something wrong with Gant.
Dr. Dennis Gant
1996–1997

Esten, CharlesCharles Esten
Orthopedic Surgeon
Dr. Barry Grossman
2007–2008

Fox, JorjaJorja Fox
ER Intern, later resident
Dr. Maggie Doyle
1996—1999

Gertz, JamiJami Gertz
Psychiatrist
Dr. Nina Pomerantz
1997

Gilbert, SaraSara Gilbert
ER Intern, later resident
Dr. Jane Figler
2004—2008

Glave, MatthewMatthew Glave
Surgeon. Arrogant even by surgical standards, Carter didn't like him and Peter found him to be a creep.
Dr. Dale Edson
1996–1999, 2001–2002

Glazer, JeremyJeremy Glazer
Medical Student
David
2004

Grove, ChristopherChristopher Grove
Orthopeadic Surgeon
Dr. Marty Kline
2002–2003, 2006

Headly, GlenneGlenne Headly
Pediatric Surgeon
Dr. Abby Keaton
1996–1997

Henry, JustinJustin Henry
Medical student
James Sasser
1997

Howerton, GlennGlenn Howerton
ER Resident
Dr. Nick 'Coop' Cooper
2003

Ironside, MichaelMichael Ironside
Chief of Surgery and ER Chief
Dr. William 'Wild Willy' Swift
1995, 1998, 2002

Jablon, MarcMarc Jablon
Intern
Dr. Larry Western
2007–2008

Jaeck, ScottScott Jaeck
Radiologist
Dr. Steve Flint
1994–1996, 1999–2000, 2002

Jones, JuliaJulia Jones
Intern (Prev. Medical Student)
Dr. Kaya Montoya
2008–2009

LeGros, JamesJames LeGros
Pediatrician and ex-boyfriend of Anna Del Amico
Dr. Max Rocher
1998

Leguizamo, JohnJohn Leguizamo
ER attending physician
Dr. Victor Clemente
2005–2006

Lennix, HarryHarry Lennix
Infectious disease specialist and briefly boyfriend of Jeanie Boulet
Dr. Greg Fischer
1997

Ling, JuliaJulia Ling
Surgical Intern
Mae Lee Park
2006–2007

Lowe, ChadChad Lowe
Medical student, assigned to Dr. Carter in Season 4 but had no interest in doing anything ER related with his focus on medical research.
Dr. George Henry
1997, 2005

Macy, William H.William H. Macy
Chief of Surgery and Head of the ER
Dr. David Morgenstern
1994–1998; 2009

Manoux, J. P.J. P. Manoux
Junior Surgical Attending, (Formerly Chief Resident)
Dr. Dustin Crenshaw
2006–2008

Matchett, KariKari Matchett
Acting Chief Of Emergency Medicine
Dr. Skye Wexler
2007–2008

McCormack, MaryMary McCormack
Doctor in Africa
Debbie
2003–2006

McKinney, GilGil McKinney
Intern
Dr. Paul Grady
2007—2009

Mitchell, ElizabethElizabeth Mitchell
Psychiatrist who was in a relationship with Kerry Weaver for a short time before being forced out by Dr. Romano's homophobia.
Dr. Kim Legaspi
2000—2001

Morris, JulianJulian Morris
Surgical Intern
Dr. Andrew Wade
2008–2009

Orser, LelandLeland Orser
Attending Trauma Surgeon; Chief of Surgery. Dr. Corday didn't want him to be hired (for reasons that were never clearly outlined) and he took over her position after she resigned in disgrace.
Dr. Lucien Dubenko
2004–2009

Parker, Steven ChristopherSteven Christopher Parker
Surgical Intern
Dr. Harold Zelinsky
2007—2008

Philipps, BusyBusy Philipps
Medical Student. Devout Christian who inspired Archie Morris in various ways, and dated him for a little while.
Hope Bobeck
2006–2007

Pico, GiovannieGiovannie Pico
Medical Student
Ludlow
2004–2005

Pounder, CCHCCH Pounder
Surgical Attending
Dr. Angela Hicks
1994–1997

Powers, AndyAndy Powers
ER intern
Dr. Howard Ritzke
2004

Rasuk, VictorVictor Rasuk
Intern
Dr. Ryan Sanchez
2008–2009

Ravera, GinaGina Ravera
Radiologist
Dr. Bettina DeJesus
2006–2008

Rifkin, RonRon Rifkin
Senior Cardiovascular Surgeon. Genius and hospital rainmaker, but played with valid data on a key study and inspired action from Peter Benton.
Dr. Carl Vucelich
1995–1996

Rose, EmilyEmily Rose
Intern
Dr. Tracy Martin
2008–2009

Rossovich, RickRick Rossovich
Orthopedic Surgeon
Dr. John "Tag" Taglieri
1994–1995

Salem, DahliaDahlia Salem
Surgical Chief Resident
Dr. Jessica Albright
2005–2006

Shin, EddieEddie Shin
Medical student
Stanley Mao
2001

Silver, Michael B.Michael B. Silver
Psychiatrist
Dr. Paul Myers
1995, 1997–2000, 2003, 2005, 2008

Spellings, BritainBritain Spellings
ER intern
Dr. Sackowitz
2005

Sterling, MauryMaury Sterling
Psychiatrist
Dr. Nelson
2004, 2006

Strauss, KimKim Strauss
Anesthesiologist
Ari
2005–2007

Sutherland, RossifRossif Sutherland
Medical student. In Season 9, was assigned to the ER; the senior staff didn't think he was good there and he vanished without explanation.
Lester Kertzenstein
2003–2004

Terry, JohnJohn Terry
Psychiatrist and boyfriend of Susan Lewis
Dr. David 'Div' Cvetic
1994

Tucci, StanleyStanley Tucci
Chief of Emergency Medicine
Dr. Kevin Moretti
2007–2008

Vieluf, VinceVince Vieluf
Medical Student
Bernard Gamely
1998

Webb, BreshaBresha Webb
Medical Student
Laverne St. John
2008–2009

Winningham, MareMare Winningham
Chief of Emergency Services; ER attending physician who had an unhealthy obsession with Dr. Mark Greene. She was later revealed to be an imposter who had impersonated many other people in various jobs over the last few years.
Dr. Amanda Lee
1998–1999

text: Secondary nurses and other medical staff[edit]

text:
Actor/Actress
Character Position
Character Name
Years of Appearance

Brazelton, Conni MarieConni Marie Brazelton
ER Nurse
Conni Oligario
1994–2003

Cerón, LauraLaura Cerón
ER Nurse
Chuny Marquez
1995–2009

Cervini, CynthiaCynthia Cervini
Nurse
Anna Waldron
2002, 2004, 2005

Chestnut, MorrisMorris Chestnut
ICU nurse & Deb's baby's father
Frank 'Rambo' Bacon
2000

Crawford, EllenEllen Crawford
ER Nurse
Lydia Wright
1994–2003, 2009

D, DeezerDeezer D
ER Nurse
Malik McGrath
1994–2009

Freeman, YvetteYvette Freeman
ER Nurse
Haleh Adams
1994–2009

Hanami, RenRen Hanami
NICU Nurse

2006

Heiss, MaryMary Heiss
ER Nurse
Mary
2000–2008

Hernandez, April LeeApril Lee Hernandez
ER Nurse
Inez
2005–2006

Guzman, MonicaMonica Guzman
Surgical Nurse
Marisol
2008–2009

Johnson, PennyPenny Johnson
Nurse Practitioner
Lynette Evans
1998–1999

Johnston, KristenKristen Johnston
Chief ER Nurse
Eve Peyton
2005

III, Sam JonesSam Jones III
Emergency Medical Technician, Brother of Greg Pratt
Charlie 'Chaz' Pratt, Jr.
2005–2009

Lenney, DinahDinah Lenney
Surgical Charge Nurse
Shirley
1995–2004, 2006—2009

Lentz, PatPat Lentz
Nursing Supervisor
None
2005, 2008

Logan, BellinaBellina Logan
ICU, Pediatrics and Surgical Nurse
Kit
1996–2003; 2005; 2008

Logue, DonalDonal Logue
Flight Nurse and boyfriend/husband/ex-husband of Susan Lewis
Chuck Martin
2003–2005

Mariye, LilyLily Mariye
ER Nurse
Lily Jarvik
1994–2009

Marquez, VanessaVanessa Marquez
ER Nurse
Wendy Goldman
1994–1997

May, DeborahDeborah May
County Nursing Director
Mary Cain
1996–1997, 2002

Moore, Angel LaketaAngel Laketa Moore
ER Nurse
Dawn Archer
2006–2009

O'Hara, JennyJenny O'Hara
ER Nurse
Rhonda Sterling
1996

Pardue, KipKip Pardue
ER Nurse
Ben Parker
2006–2007

Richards, KyleKyle Richards
Nurse
Dori
2000—2006

Rodriguez, LucyLucy Rodriguez
Nurse
Bjerke
1996; 2000–2003

Shazana, NadiaNadia Shazana
Nurse
Jacy
2001–2008

Thalken, MegMeg Thalken
Flight Nurse
Dee McManus
1996, 1999–2001, 2005, 2008

Watanabe, GeddeGedde Watanabe
ER Nurse
Yoshi Takata
1997–2003