document_title: Dancing with the Stars (Irish TV series)

question_text: where is dancing with the stars recorded in ireland

root

text: Production[edit]

text: In August 2016, it was confirmed that RTÉ One would broadcast an Irish version of Dancing with the Stars, which would replace the successful The Voice of Ireland, which was cancelled in order for the broadcaster to order the new show.[6] A producer of the show commented, "We've got fantastic production people in Ireland who, I believe, deliver a show that's comparable with any of those shows on a fraction of the budget. So we're looking forward to the task of doing this equally the same way."[6]

tag: p

text: It became quickly apparent that the television studios at RTE Television Centre in Dublin were too small for the large scale production of Dancing with the Stars would require, with the largest television studio at RTE Studio 4 at 6,525 Sq Ft would be too small and so the production have had to be based in Ardmore Studios located in County Wicklow, whose largest studio there are 15,000 Sq Ft.[7]

text: Format[edit]

text: The format of the series follows celebrities being paired up with professional dancers, who perform predetermined dances each week for judges' scores and public votes, with the couple with the lowest amount of points being eliminated, until the winning couple remains.[3]

text: Judges and hosts[edit]

text: On 18 December 2016, RTÉ confirmed that Julian Benson, Loraine Barry and Brian Redmond would be the judges on the programme.[4][5] Creative producer Darren Bennett stood in for Benson, during week five, six, seven and eight, who was absent due to illness.

text: People in the running to be host of the show included former Westlife musician and 2012 Strictly Come Dancing contestant Nicky Byrne; as well as popular radio host Ray D'Arcy, though D'Arcy ruled himself out of the running in August 2016.[6] In October 2016, it was reported that Marty Whelan had auditioned to host the show. In November, it was reported that Amanda Byram had been selected as one of the hosts.[2][8] In December, it was confirmed that Byrne would host alongside Byram.[9] It was also confirmed that Bláthnaid Treacy would be hosting RTÉ Two spin-off show, Can't Stop Dancing, airing on Friday nights before the live shows.[10]

text: Professional dancers and their partners[edit]

text:
[hide]Professional
Average
Series 1
Series 2

 Curtis Pritchard

17.8

Thalia Heffernan

Norah Casey

 Emily Barker

19.9

Hughie Maughan

Rob Heffernan

 Giulia Dotta

20.6

Des Bishop

Tomás O'Leary

 John Nolan

21.5

Teresa Mannion

Deirdre O'Kane

 Kai Widdrington

24

Katherine Lynch

Anna Geary

 Karen Byrne

22.2

Des Cahill

Jake Carter

 Ksenia Zsikhotska

20.2

Dayl Cronin

Marty Morrissey

 Robert Rowiński

16.8

N/A

Maia Dunphy

 Ryan McShane

25.6

Denise McCormack

Erin McGregor

 Sean Smullen

14.3

Dr. Eva Orsmond

N/A

 Valeria Milova

20.7

Aidan O'Mahony

Bernard O'Shea

 Vitali Kozmin

25.8

Aoibhín Garrihy

Alannah Beirne

tag: table

text: Key:

text: Week 7 of Series 1 and Week 6 of Series 2 was 'Switch-Up Week' in which the celebrities danced with different pros for one week only. The table above reflects this as it excludes each pro's regular celebrity partner's Switch-Up Week score and includes their Switch-Up Week partner's score.

tag: ul

text: Main series results[edit]

text:
Series
Premiere date
Finale date
Number
of couples
Number
of weeks

Winners

Runners-up

1
8 January 2017
26 March 2017
11
12
Aidan O'Mahony & Valeria Milova
Aoibhín Garrihy & Vitali Kozmin
Denise McCormack & Ryan McShane

2
7 January 2018
25 March 2018
Jake Carter & Karen Byrne
Anna Geary & Kai Widdrington
Deirdre O'Kane & John Nolan

text: Series 1 (2017)[edit]

text: The first series of Dancing with the Stars started on 8 January 2017 and finished on 26 March 2017.

text: Series 2 (2018)[edit]

text: The second series began on 7 January 2018 and finished on 25 March 2018.[11][12]


document_title: Johnny Rockets

question_text: where was the first johnny rockets restaurant located

text: Johnny Rockets

text: History[edit]

text: Johnny Rockets was founded on June 6, 1986, by Ronn Teitelbaum of Los Angeles, California, and "crafted as a 'nongimmicky' recreation of the 1940s-vintage malt shops of his childhood". The first restaurant was established as a 20-stool counter operation on Melrose Avenue in Los Angeles.[4] This location permanently closed on October 26, 2015.[6]

text: In February 2007, it was announced[7] that RedZone Capital, the private equity firm of Daniel Snyder, was set to acquire the chain. Snyder announced plans to expand the chain both within the United States and worldwide, including the launch of smaller outlets known as Johnny Rockets Express.

text: A sit-down restaurant owned by Six Flags (Red Zone is the largest shareholder), Trappers Adirondack Grill, was converted to a Johnny Rockets in June 2008.[8]

text: In April 2009, the new Yankee Stadium opened with Johnny Rockets stands throughout the site. These stands serve traditional Johnny Rockets hamburgers, french fries, shakes, and malts, among other menu items. FedExField, home of Washington Redskins (the stadium and team are both owned by Snyder, whose company owned Johnny Rockets at the time), features Johnny Rockets concession areas.[9]

text: The world's largest Johnny Rockets franchise opened on June 6, 2012, at the corner of Abraham Lincoln Avenue and Bolivar Avenue in Santo Domingo, the capital city of the Dominican Republic. The restaurant has more than 6,000 square feet (560 m2) and seating for more than 200 guests.[10]

text: RedZone Capital Management sold the company to Sun Capital Partners in 2013.[11]

text: The first Johnny Rockets restaurant in Pakistan was opened in 2013 in Karachi.[12][13] and later in Lahore and Islamabad in 2014.[14] Johnny Rockets opened their first outlet in Bangladesh at Uttara of Dhaka in November 2016 and later at Dhanmondi in April 2018. Johnny Rockets opened its first branch in Paraguay on December 16, 2016, in Shopping Mariscal, Asuncion.[15][16] In 2016, they also opened branches in Peru[17] and Bolivia.

text: Johnny Rockets Canada has three Canadian locations, all in Metro Vancouver, with a fourth location in Vancouver planned for early 2018.[18]

text: In the media[edit]

text: In 2009, the company and CEO John Fuller were featured in the hit TV show Undercover Boss on CBS in the USA and on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom.

text: The sixth episode of the anime series Blood Blockade Battlefront features a parody of the restaurant called "Jack & Rockets" which the characters Leonardo Watch and Nej order from a lot.


document_title: List of Billboard Hot Country Songs chart achievements

question_text: who has the most number one hits in country music

question_tokens: who has the most number one hits in country music

text: List of Billboard Hot Country Songs chart achievements

text: Artist achievements[edit]

text: Most chart entries[edit]

text:
168 – George Jones[2]
146 – Eddy Arnold[3]
135 – Johnny Cash[4]
114 – George Strait[5]
111 – Dolly Parton[6]
109 – Ray Price[7]
108 – Hank Williams, Jr.[8]
105 – Merle Haggard[9]

text: Most Top 40 hits[edit]

text:
145 – George Jones
128 – Eddy Arnold
105 – Johnny Cash
98 – George Strait
93 – Merle Haggard

text: Most Top 10 singles[edit]

text:
92 – Eddy Arnold
86 – George Strait
78 – George Jones
75 – Conway Twitty
71 – Merle Haggard

text: Most consecutive top 10 hits from a career's start[edit]

text: BDS era (1990–present)[edit]

text:
37 – Keith Urban (2000–2017)
26 – Carrie Underwood (2006–2017)[10]
19 – Tracy Lawrence (1992–1997)

text: Most No. 1 hits[edit]

text:
44 — George Strait (last No. 1 on April 18, 2009)
40 – Conway Twitty (last No. 1 on September 6, 1986)
38 – Merle Haggard (last No. 1 on February 20, 1988)
35 – Ronnie Milsap (last No. 1 on December 23, 1989)
33 – Alabama (last No. 1 on June 4, 2011)
29 – Charley Pride (last No. 1 on September 17, 1983)
28 – Eddy Arnold (last No. 1 on October 19, 1968)
26 – Alan Jackson
26 – Tim McGraw
25 – Reba McEntire
25 – Dolly Parton

text: Most No. 1 hits – female[edit]

text:
25 – Reba McEntire[11]
25 – Dolly Parton
20 – Tammy Wynette
19 – Crystal Gayle
16 – Loretta Lynn
14 – Carrie Underwood
14 – The Judds
11 – Rosanne Cash

text: Most No. 1 hits in a calendar year[edit]

text:
5 – tie between two artists:

Eddy Arnold, 1948 with "Anytime," "Bouquet of Roses," "Texarkana Baby," "Just a Little Lovin' (Will Go a Long, Long Way)" and "A Heart Full of Love (For a Handful of Kisses)."
Charlie Rich, 1974 with "There Won't Be Anymore," "A Very Special Love Song," "I Don't See Me in Your Eyes Anymore," "I Love My Friend" and "She Called Me Baby."

text: Note: Eddy Arnold's feat does not count "I'll Hold You in My Heart (Til I Can Hold You In My Arms)," which began its 21-week run at No. 1 in November 1947 and remained there well into 1948.

text: Most consecutive years charting a number-one single[edit]

text:
Number of
years
Artist
First number-one hit and week
Final number-one hit and final week

19

George Strait
"Fool Hearted Memory"
(August 28, 1982)
"The Best Day"
(May 6, 2000)

16

Ronnie Milsap
"Pure Love"
(June 8, 1974)
"A Woman in Love"
(December 23, 1989)

14

Alan Jackson
"I'd Love You All Over Again"
(March 9, 1991)
"Remember When"
(February 14, 2004)

Alabama
"Tennessee River"
(August 16, 1980)
"Reckless"
(November 27, 1993)

text: Most consecutive No. 1 hits[edit]

text:
Streak
Artist
First No. 1 and year
Last No. 1 and year
Streak-breaking song

21
Alabama
"Tennessee River"
(August 1980)
"'You've Got' The Touch"
(April 1987)
"Tar Top"
(No. 7 in November 1987)

16
Earl Thomas Conley
"Your Love's on the Line"
(August 1983)
"Love Out Loud"
(June 1989)
"You Must Not Be Drinking Enough"
(No. 26 in October 1989)

16
Sonny James
"Need You"
(May 1967)
"Here Comes Honey Again"
(November 1971)
"Only Love Can Break a Heart"
(No. 2 in March 1972)

15
Buck Owens
"Act Naturally"
(June 1963)
"Your Tender Loving Care"
(September 1967)
"It Takes People Like You (To Make People Like Me)"
(No. 2 in January 1968)

text: Most weeks at No. 1[edit]

text:
145 – Eddy Arnold
111 – Webb Pierce
84 – George Strait
82 – Buck Owens
82 – Hank Williams with His Drifting Cowboys

text: Self-replacement at No. 1[edit]

text: Eddy Arnold holds the record, scoring five straight No. 1 songs in 1947–1948 without being replaced by another artist. The songs were:

text:
"I'll Hold You in My Heart (Till I Can Hold You In My Arms)" (21 weeks)
"Anytime" (9 weeks)
"Bouquet of Roses" (18 weeks Jukebox, 19 weeks Best Seller)
"Texarkana Baby" (3 weeks Jukebox, 1 week Best Seller)
"Just A Little Lovin' (Will Go a Long, Long Way)" (8 weeks Jukebox, 4 weeks Best Seller).

text:
Year
Artist
No. 1 song
Replaced by

1944
Al Dexter
"So Long Pal" (13 weeks)
"Too Late To Worry, Too Blue to Cry" (2 weeks)

1949
Jimmy Wakely
"One Has My Name" (11 weeks Best Seller)
"I Love You So Much It Hurts" (3 weeks Best Seller)

1950
Hank Snow and His Rainbow Ranch Boys
"I'm Moving On" (21 weeks Best Seller)
"The Golden Rocket" (2 weeks Best Seller)

1952
Carl Smith
"Let Old Mother Nature Have Her Way" (6 weeks Best Seller)
"When You Feel Like You're in Love (Don't Just Stand There)" (5 weeks Best Seller)

1953
Hank Williams with His Drifting Cowboys
"Kaw-Liga" (13 weeks best seller, 8 weeks Jockey and juke boxes)
"Your Cheatin' Heart" (6 weeks Jockey, 2 weeks Jukebox)

1954
Webb Pierce
"There Stands The Glass" (12 weeks Best Seller)
"Slowly" (17 weeks Best Seller)

1955
Webb Pierce
"In The Jailhouse Now" (20 weeks Best Seller)
"I Don't Care" (12 weeks Best Seller)

1956
Elvis Presley
"I Forgot To Remember to Forget" (5 weeks Jukebox, 2 weeks Best Seller)
"Heartbreak Hotel" (17 weeks Best Seller, 13 weeks Jukebox, 12 weeks Jockey)

1956
Elvis Presley
"Heartbreak Hotel" (17 weeks Best Seller)
"I Want You, I Need You, I Love You" (2 weeks Best Seller)

1964
Buck Owens
"My Heart Skips a Beat" (7 weeks)
"Together Again" (2 weeks)

1982
Willie Nelson
"Always on My Mind" (2 weeks)
"Just to Satisfy You" (duet with Waylon Jennings, 2 weeks)

2002
Tim McGraw
"The Cowboy in Me" (1 week)
"Bring on the Rain" (duet with Jo Dee Messina, 1 week)

2014
Luke Bryan
"This Is How We Roll" (duet with Florida Georgia Line, 6 weeks)
"Play It Again" (9 weeks)

text: Longest span between first and most recent No. 1 hits[edit]

text:
Span
Artist
First No. 1 song and date
Most recent No. 1 song and date

35 years, 1 month
Dolly Parton
"Joshua" (February 1971)
"When I Get Where I'm Going"
(March 2006, duet with Brad Paisley)

30 years, 9 months
Alabama
"Tennessee River" (August 1980)
"Old Alabama"
(June 2011, duet with Brad Paisley)

29 years, 1 month
Johnny Cash
"I Walk the Line" (July 1956)
"Highwayman"
(August 1985, as part of The Highwaymen)

28 years
Reba McEntire
"Can't Even Get the Blues" (January 1983)
"Turn on the Radio" (January 2011)

27 years, 9 months
Willie Nelson
"Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain" (October 1975)
"Beer for My Horses"
(June 2003, duet with Toby Keith)

26 years, 7 months
George Strait
"Fool Hearted Memory" (August 1982)
"River of Love" (April 2009)

text: Artists who have appeared in the Top 40 in at least five different decades[edit]

text:
Artists
Decades
Years

7 decades

George Jones
1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s
1955–2013

6 decades

Dolly Parton
1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s
1967–2016

5 decades

Eddy Arnold
1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s
1945–1982

Hank Thompson
1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s
1948–1980

Ernest Tubb*
1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s
1944–1983

Johnny Cash
1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s
1955–1990

Elvis Presley
1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 2000s
1955–2009

Willie Nelson
1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s
1962–2003

Glen Campbell
1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2010s
1962–2014

Kenny Rogers
1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s
1969–2006

Hank Williams Jr.
1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s
1964–2006

Reba McEntire
1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s
1978–2017

Alabama
1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s
1979–2011

text: Artists who have hit No. 1 posthumously[edit]

text:
Hank WilliamsA (d. January 1, 1953) – with His Drifting Cowboys, scored four of his 11 career No. 1 songs after his death: "I'll Never Get Out of This World Alive," "Kaw-Liga," "Your Cheatin' Heart" and "Take These Chains From My Heart," all 1953; "Kaw-Liga" was the No. 1 song of 1953
Betty Jack Davis (d. August 2, 1953) – As a member of The Davis Sisters, went to No. 1 with "I Forgot More Than You'll Ever Know" in late 1953.
Johnny Horton (d. November 5, 1960) – "North to Alaska" (1961).
Hawkshaw Hawkins (d. March 5, 1963) – "Lonesome 7-7203" (1963).
Jim ReevesA (d. July 31, 1964) – Had six No. 1 songs after his death: "I Guess I'm Crazy" (1964); "This Is It" and "Is It Really Over" (1965); "Distant Drums" and "Blue Side of Lonesome" (1966); and "I Won't Come In While He's Here" (1967).
Elvis PresleyA, B (d. August 16, 1977) – "Guitar Man" (1981).
Keith WhitleyA (d. May 9, 1989) – "I Wonder Do You Think of Me" (1989) and "It Ain't Nothin'" (1990).

text: Age records[edit]

text: Youngest male[edit]

text:
Artist with a top 40 hit — The youngest solo artist was Billy Gilman, who was 12 years, 3 months in September 2000 when he reached No. 20 with "One Voice." Overall, the youngest artist is Bobby Bare, Jr., who was 7 years, 6 months old in December 1973 when he charted with his father, Bobby Bare, on "Daddy What If?" (an eventual No. 2 hit).
Artist with a No. 1 hit – Phil Everly, who was 18 years, 6 months in July 1957 when, as a member of the Everly Brothers, reached the top with "Bye Bye Love." When solo acts are considered, Hunter Hayes was the youngest at 21 years old in September 2012 when he reached No. 1 with "Wanted."

text: Oldest male[edit]

text:
Artist with a top 40 hit – George Burns, who was 84 years old in March 1980 when he peaked in the Top 15 with "I Wish I Was Eighteen Again." When the entire chart is considered, Eddy Arnold is the oldest, at age 89, when he peaked at No. 49 in 2008 with "To Life."
Artist with a No. 1 hit – Willie Nelson, who was 70 years, 1 month and 2 weeks when he hit No. 1 with "Beer for My Horses", a duet with 41-year-old Toby Keith on June 14, 2003.

text: Youngest female[edit]

text:
Artist with a top 40 hit – Ashley Gearing, who was 7003442100000000000♠12 years, 38 days old (to become the youngest solo female vocalist) when she hit with "Can You Hear Me When I Talk to You?", which peaked at No. 37 in 2003.[12] Overall, the honor goes to Tina Denise Byrd, who was 8 or 9 years old when her duet with stepfather George Jones "The Telephone Call" (credited as "Tina and Daddy") peaked at No. 25 in the spring of 1974.
Artist with a No. 1 hit – Marie Osmond, who was 7003514200000000000♠14 years, 28 days old when she hit with "Paper Roses" on November 10, 1973.

text: Oldest female[edit]

text: Artist with a No. 1 hit – Dolly Parton, who was 7004219590000000000♠60 years, 44 days old when she hit with "When I Get Where I'm Going". a duet with then-33-year-old Brad Paisley, on March 4, 2006. Reba McEntire has the distinction of being the oldest female to have a solo #1, being 7004203680000000000♠55 years, 279 days old when "Turn on the Radio" went No. 1 on January 1, 2011. Reba also became the oldest female artist with a top 40 hit when her song "Just Like Them Horses" debuted at No. 37 for the week of February 13, 2016[13] when she was 60 years, 10 months, and 14 days old. Dolly was 59 years, 8 months, and 27 days old when "When I Get Where I'm Going" cracked the Top 40 for the week of October 15, 2005.[14]

text: Other selected achievements[edit]

text:
The record for the longest wait from an artist's Hot Country Songs debut entry to its first No. 1 belongs to Jimmy Buffett, with 30 years, 3 months between the first time he entered the chart with "The Great Filling Station Holdup" on May 12, 1973, and "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere" (a duet with Alan Jackson) reaching No. 1 on August 9, 2003. Also, at age 56 years and 7 months, Buffett became the oldest artist to have his first No. 1 song with "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere."
At approximately 63 years, Eddy Arnold has the longest overall span of singles on the Hot Country Songs chart – from first to most recent – by a living artist. He first hit the charts in 1945 with "Each Night Seems Like a Million Years," while his last hit, "To Life," was on the charts shortly before his death in 2008.
The artist having the longest gap between two No. 1 songs on the Hot Country Singles chart was Elvis Presley. On December 2, 1957, Presley reached No. 1 for the seventh time with "Jailhouse Rock." He did not have his eighth No. 1 hit on the country chart until February 19, 1977, with "Moody Blue," a span of 19 years, two months and two weeks.

text: The songs[edit]

text: Most weeks at No. 1*[edit]

text: Overall[edit]

text:
Weeks
Song
Artist
Year

34
"Body Like a Back Road"
Sam Hunt
2017

24
"Cruise"
Florida Georgia Line
2013

21
"I'll Hold You in My Heart (Till I Can Hold You in My Arms)"
Eddy Arnold
1947

21
"I'm Movin' On"
Hank Snow and His Rainbow Ranch Boys
1950

21
"In the Jailhouse Now"
Webb Pierce
1955

20
"I Don't Hurt Anymore"
Hank Snow and His Rainbow Ranch Boys
1954

20
"Crazy Arms"
Ray Price
1956

19
"Bouquet of Roses"
Eddy Arnold
1948

19
"Walk on By"
Leroy Van Dyke
1961

18
"H.O.L.Y."
Florida Georgia Line
2016

17
"Slippin' Around"
Margaret Whiting and Jimmy Wakely
1949

17
"Slowly"
Webb Pierce
1954

17
"Heartbreak Hotel"
Elvis Presley
1956

17
"Die a Happy Man"
Thomas Rhett
2015–2016

text: By decade*[edit]

text:
Decade
Song
Artist
Weeks
Year

1940s
"I'll Hold You in My Heart (Till I Can Hold You in My Arms)"
Eddy Arnold
21
1947

1950s
"I'm Movin' On"
Hank Snow and His Rainbow Ranch Boys
21
1950

"In the Jailhouse Now"
Webb Pierce
21
1955

1960s
"Walk on By"
Leroy Van Dyke
19
1961

1970s
"My Hang-Up Is You"
Freddie Hart
6
1972

"Convoy"
C.W. McCall
6
1976

"Luckenbach, Texas (Back to the Basics of Love)"
Waylon Jennings
6
1977

1980s
"Coward of the County"
Kenny Rogers
3
1980

"My Heart"
Ronnie Milsap
3
1980

"Lookin' for Love"
Johnny Lee
3
1980

"Forever and Ever, Amen"
Randy Travis
3
1987

1990s
"Amazed"
Lonestar
8
1999

2000s
"It's Five O'Clock Somewhere"
Alan Jackson and Jimmy Buffett
8
2003

2010s
"Body Like a Back Road"
Sam Hunt
34
2017

text: Most weeks at No. 2[edit]

text:
Weeks
Song
Artist
Year
Blocked To No. 1 By

17
"In Case You Didn't Know"
Brett Young
2017
Body Like a Back Road (Sam Hunt)

15
"Making Believe"
Kitty Wells
1955
In the Jailhouse Now (Webb Pierce)

11
"Temptation (Tim-Tayshun)"
Red Ingle and His Magnificent Seven
1947

11
"Break Up in a Small Town"
Sam Hunt
2015–2016
Die a Happy Man (Thomas Rhett)

10
"Cruise"
Florida Georgia Line
2012

10
"Take Your Time"
Sam Hunt
2014
Girl Crush (Little Big Town)

9
"Sioux City Sue"
Zeke Manners
1946

9
"I Ain't Never"
Webb Pierce
1959
The Three Bells (The Browns)

8
"Never Trust a Woman"
Tex Williams and His Western Caravan
1948
I'll Hold You in My Heart (Till I Can Hold You in My Arms) (Eddy Arnold)

8
"One More Time"
Ray Price
1960
He'll Have to Go (Jim Reeves)

8
"Foolin' Around"
Buck Owens
1961
North to Alaska (Johnny Horton)

8
"Remember When"
Alan Jackson
2004

8
"Dirt"
Florida Georgia Line
2014

7
"Just Call Me Lonesome"
Eddy Arnold
1955
I Don't Care (Webb Pierce)

7
"Yes, I Know Why"
Webb Pierce
1956
Sixteen Tons (Tennessee Ernie Ford)

7
"Lesson in Leavin'"
Jo Dee Messina
1999
Amazed (Lonestar)

7
"I Go Back"
Kenny Chesney
2004
Live Like You Were Dying (Tim McGraw)

7
"Wagon Wheel"
Darius Rucker
2013

7
"Boys 'Round Here"
Blake Shelton
2013
Cruise (Florida Georgia Line)

text: Most total charted weeks[edit]

text:
Weeks
Song
Artist
Years

66
"Cruise"
Florida Georgia Line
2012–2013

56
"Love Like Crazy"
Lee Brice
2009–2010

56
"Wanted"
Hunter Hayes
2012–2013

54
"Bouquet of Roses"
Eddy Arnold
1948–1949

53
"Voices"
Chris Young
2008, 2010–2011

52
"Fräulein"
Bobby Helms
1957–1958

52
"Hurricane"
Luke Combs
2016–2017

51
"Let It Rain"
David Nail featuring Sarah Buxton
2011–2012

51
"In Case You Didn't Know"
Brett Young
2016–2017

text: Songs that have hit No. 1 by multiple artists[edit]

text: Three times[edit]

text: "She (He) Thinks I Still Care" – George Jones (1962), Anne Murray (1974) and Elvis Presley (1977, flip side to "Moody Blue")

text: Two times[edit]

text:
"Pistol Packin' Mama" – Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters, and Al Dexter (both 1944)
"Smoke on the Water" – Red Foley (1944) and Bob Wills and His Texas Playboys (1945)
"Shame on You" – Spade Cooley, and Lawrence Welk Orchestra with Red Foley (both 1945)
"Slippin' Around" – Ernest Tubb, and Margaret Whiting and Jimmy Wakely (both 1949)
"Don't Let the Stars Get in Your Eyes" – Slim Willet and Skeets McDonald (both 1952)
"I Don't Care" – Webb Pierce (1955) and Ricky Skaggs (1982)
"Why Baby Why" – Webb Pierce and Red Sovine (1956), and Charley Pride (1983)
"Heartbreak Hotel" – Elvis Presley (1956), and Willie Nelson and Leon Russell (1979)
"City Lights" – Ray Price (1958) and Mickey Gilley (1975)
"She's Got You" – Patsy Cline (1962) and Loretta Lynn (1977)
"Together Again" – Buck Owens (1964) and Emmylou Harris (1976)
"It's Just a Matter of Time" – Sonny James (1970) and Randy Travis (1989)
"(Lost Her/His Love on Our) Last Date" – Conway Twitty (1972) and Emmylou Harris (1983)
"That's the Way Love Goes" – Johnny Rodriguez (1974) and Merle Haggard (1984)
"It Must Be Love" – Don Williams (1979) and Alan Jackson (2000)

text: In addition[edit]

text: Songs that reached No. 1 on both the country and all-genre charts[edit]

text:
Song
Artist
Date topped country chart/weeks at No. 1*
Date topped all-genre chart/weeks at No. 1*

"Pistol Packin' Mama"
Al Dexter
February 5, 1944
(3 weeks)
October 30, 1943
(8 weeks)

"Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)"
Tex Williams and His Western Caravan
July 19, 1947
(16 weeks)
August 9, 1947
(6 weeks)

"Slippin' Around"
Margaret Whiting and Jimmy Wakely
October 8, 1949
(17 weeks)
November 12, 1949
(3 weeks)

"Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer"
Gene Autry
January 7, 1950
(1 week)
January 7, 1950
(1 week)

"Chattanoogie Shoe Shine Boy"
Red Foley
January 20, 1950
(12 weeks)
February 16, 1950
(4 weeks)

"Slow Poke"
Pee Wee King and His Golden West Cowboys (feat. Redd Stewart)
November 3, 1951
(15 weeks)
January 5, 1952
(3 weeks)

"Sixteen Tons"
Tennessee Ernie Ford
December 17, 1955
(10 weeks)
November 26, 1955
(8 weeks)

"Heartbreak Hotel"/"I Was The One"
Elvis Presley
March 17, 1956
(17 weeks)
April 21, 1956
(8 weeks)

"I Want You, I Need You, I Love You"/"My Baby Left Me"
Elvis Presley
July 14, 1956
(2 weeks)
July 28, 1956
(1 week)

"Don't Be Cruel"/"Hound Dog"
Elvis Presley
September 15, 1956
(10 weeks)
August 18, 1956
(11 weeks)

"Young Love"
Sonny James
February 2, 1957
(9 weeks)
February 16, 1957
(1 week)

"All Shook Up"
Elvis Presley
May 13, 1957
(1 week)
April 13, 1957
(9 weeks)

"(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear"
Elvis Presley
August 5, 1957 (1 week)
July 8, 1957
(7 weeks)

"Wake Up Little Susie"
Everly Brothers
October 14, 1957 (7 weeks)
October 14, 1957
(4 weeks)

"Jailhouse Rock"/"Treat Me Nice"
Elvis Presley
December 2, 1957 (1 week)
October 21, 1957
(7 weeks)

"All I Have to Do Is Dream"/"Claudette"
Everly Brothers
June 2, 1958
(3 weeks)
May 12, 1958
(4 weeks)

"Bird Dog/"Devoted To You"
Everly Brothers
September 8, 1958
(6 weeks)
August 25, 1958
(1 week)

"The Battle of New Orleans"
Johnny Horton
May 18, 1959
(10 weeks)
June 1, 1959
(6 weeks)

"The Three Bells (Les Trois Cloches)"
The Browns
August 31, 1959
(10 weeks)
August 24, 1959
(4 weeks)

"El Paso"
Marty Robbins
December 21, 1959
(7 weeks)
January 4, 1960
(2 weeks)

"Big Bad John"
Jimmy Dean
November 20, 1961
(2 weeks)
November 6, 1961
(5 weeks)

"Honey"
Bobby Goldsboro
May 25, 1968
(3 weeks)
April 13, 1968
(5 weeks)

"Harper Valley PTA"
Jeannie C. Riley
September 28, 1968
(3 weeks)
September 21, 1968
(1 week)

"The Most Beautiful Girl"
Charlie Rich
November 24, 1973
(3 weeks)
December 15, 1973
(2 weeks)

"I Can Help"
Billy Swan
December 14, 1974
(2 weeks)
November 23, 1974
(2 weeks)

"(Hey Won't You Play) Another Somebody Done Somebody Wrong Song"
B.J. Thomas
May 17, 1975
(1 week)
April 26, 1975
(1 week)

"Before the Next Teardrop Falls"
Freddy Fender
March 15, 1975
(2 weeks)
May 31, 1975
(1 week)

"Thank God I'm a Country Boy"
John Denver
May 31, 1975
(1 week)
June 7, 1975
(1 week)

"Rhinestone Cowboy"
Glen Campbell
August 23, 1975
(3 weeks)
September 6, 1975
(2 weeks)

"I'm Sorry"
John Denver
November 8, 1975
(1 week)
September 27, 1975
(1 week)

"Convoy"
C.W. McCall
December 20, 1975
(6 weeks)
January 10, 1976
(1 week)

"Southern Nights"
Glen Campbell
March 19, 1977
(2 weeks)
April 30, 1977
(1 week)

"Lady"
Kenny Rogers
November 22, 1980
(1 week)
November 15, 1980
(6 weeks)

"I Love a Rainy Night"
Eddie Rabbitt
January 17, 1981
(1 week)
February 28, 1981
(2 weeks)

"9 to 5"
Dolly Parton
January 24, 1981
(1 week)
February 21, 1981
(2 weeks)

"Islands in the Stream"
Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton
October 29, 1983
(2 weeks)
October 29, 1983
(2 weeks)

"Amazed"
Lonestar
July 17, 1999
(8 weeks)
March 4, 2000
(2 weeks)

"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together"
Taylor Swift
October 20, 2012
(10 weeks)
September 1, 2012
(3 weeks)

text: *Note: For pre-1958 songs, the most weeks spent atop any one of the component charts is considered

text: The charts[edit]

text: Most and fewest No. 1s in a given year[edit]

text:
Most: (tie) 1985 and 1986, when 51 different No. 1 songs peaked in each year.*
Fewest: 1960, when just four different songs (five, if "El Paso" by Marty Robbins is counted) topped the chart. Each of the new No. 1 songs that year spent 10 or more weeks atop the chart.[18]

text: Biggest jump to No. 1[edit]

text: Early Billboard Country Charts (1944–1958)[edit]

text:
"Guitar Polka" – Al Dexter – (1946) – debuted at No. 1
"Chattanooga Shoeshine Boy" – Red Foley – (1950) – debuted at No. 1
"Kaw Liga" – Hank Williams with His Drifting Cowboys – (1953) – debuted at No. 1

text: Early Hot Country Singles era (1958–1973)[edit]

text: 19 to 1 - "Daddy Sang Bass" - Johnny Cash - (1969).

text: 1973 to inception of BDS in 1990[edit]

text: 12 to 1 – "Convoy" – C.W. McCall (December 20, 1975)

text: BDS-era (1990–2012)[edit]

text: 9 to 1 – "Keep It Between the Lines" – Ricky Van Shelton (October 12, 1991)

text: Digital era (2012–present)[edit]

text: 42 to 1 – "Burnin' It Down" – Jason Aldean (August 9, 2014)

text: Biggest fall from No. 1[edit]

text: Billboard Country Charts (1944–present)[edit]

text:
1 to off the chart (tie)

"Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer" – Gene Autry (January 14, 1950).
"Blue Christmas" – Ernest Tubb (January 14, 1950).

text: Prior to inception of BDS in 1990[edit]

text:
1 to 43 (tie)

"Feels So Right" – Alabama (August 1, 1981)[19]
"Tight Fittin' Jeans" – Conway Twitty (October 3, 1981)[20]

1 to 47

"You Don't Know Me" – Mickey Gilley Billboard (Sept. 26, 1981)[21]

text: BDS era (1990–2012)[edit]

text: 1 to 16 – "Mi Vida Loca (My Crazy Life)" – Pam Tillis (February 18, 1995)

text: Digital era (2012–present)[edit]

text: * 1 to off the chart: "My Baby's Got a Smile on Her Face" – Craig Wayne Boyd (January 10, 2015).

text: Quickest climb to No. 1[edit]

text: Airplay/sales hybrid era (1958–1990)[edit]

text: 4 weeks – "Convoy" by C.W. McCall (December 20, 1975)

text: Airplay-only era (1990–2012)[edit]

text:
5 weeks (tie):

"Shameless" by Garth Brooks (November 16, 1991)
"It's Your Love" by Tim McGraw and Faith Hill (June 7, 1997)
"Have You Forgotten?" by Darryl Worley (April 5, 2003)

text: Note: These exclude Garth Brooks' "More Than a Memory" (see below), which debuted at #1.

text: Airplay/sales/streaming hybrid era (2012-present)[edit]

text:
2 weeks – "Dirt" by Florida Georgia Line (July 26, 2014)
2 weeks – "Burnin' It Down" by Jason Aldean (August 9, 2014)
2 weeks – "Body Like a Back Road" by Sam Hunt (February 25, 2017)
3 weeks – "That's My Kind of Night" by Luke Bryan (August 31, 2013)

text: Slowest climb to No. 1[edit]

text: 51 weeks — "Voices" by Chris Young (February 19, 2011)

text: Highest chart debut[edit]

text: Since the introduction of the 100-position chart in 1973[edit]

text: Overall[edit]

text:
1 – "More Than a Memory" – Garth Brooks (September 15, 2007)
1 – "My Baby's Got a Smile on Her Face" – Craig Wayne Boyd (January 3, 2015)
1 – "Forever Country" – Artists of Then, Now & Forever (October 8, 2016)
2 – "Red" – Taylor Swift (October 20, 2012)
2 – "Vice" – Miranda Lambert (August 6, 2016)

text: Male artists[edit]

text:
1 – "More Than a Memory" – Garth Brooks (September 15, 2007)
1 – "My Baby's Got a Smile on Her Face" – Craig Wayne Boyd (January 3, 2015)
2 – "Body Like a Back Road" – Sam Hunt (February 18, 2017)
13 – "Feel Like a Rock Star" – Kenny Chesney and Tim McGraw (April 21, 2012)
13 – "Highway Don't Care" – Tim McGraw and Taylor Swift (February 23, 2013)
16 – "Don't Blink" – Kenny Chesney (September 8, 2007)

text: Female artists[edit]

text:
2 – "Red" – Taylor Swift (October 20, 2012)
2 – "Vice" – Miranda Lambert (August 6, 2016)
3 – "Over You" – Cassadee Pope (December 8, 2012)
4 – "Stupid Boy" – Cassadee Pope (December 29, 2012)

text: Group artists[edit]

text:
9 – "Better Dig Two" – The Band Perry (November 17, 2012)
22 – "Day Drinking" – Little Big Town (June 21, 2014)
24 – "Take Me There" – Rascal Flatts (July 21, 2007)

text: Duo artists[edit]

text:
24 – "That's Why I Pray" – Big & Rich (June 9, 2012)
27 – "All I Want to Do" – Sugarland (June 7, 2008)
30 – "My Maria" – Brooks & Dunn (April 6, 1996)

text: Most year-end No. 1 songs of the year[edit]

text: 3 – Tim McGraw (1997, 1998, 2004)

text: 2 – Bill Anderson (1963, 1969)

text: Other selected achievements[edit]

text:
On the chart for November 4, 1957, the Nos. 1 and 2 songs on the country, Billboard Hot 100, and R&B charts are identical: Elvis Presley's "Jailhouse Rock" and the Everly Brothers' "Wake Up Little Susie." In addition, the No. 6 hit on the Hot 100 and R&B charts – Jimmie Rodgers' "Honeycomb" – is also climbing the country chart.[22]
On the chart for the week of April 19, 1980, for the only time in history, the top 5 positions of the Hot Country Singles chart were held by female singers (or in one case, a female as part of a duet pairing). The Top 5 from that week was:

text:
"It's Like We Never Said Goodbye" by Crystal Gayle
"A Lesson in Leavin'" by Dottie West
"Are You on the Road to Lovin' Me Again" by Debby Boone
"Beneath Still Waters" by Emmylou Harris
"Two Story House" by Tammy Wynette (duet with George Jones)[23]

tag: ol

text: To date, the only song to be named the No. 1 song of the year on both the Billboard Hot 100 and Hot Country singles chart is "The Battle of New Orleans" in 1959. Two songs that were the No. 1 country song of the year were No. 2 on the year-end Hot 100: "I Fall to Pieces" by Patsy Cline in 1961, and "Rhinestone Cowboy" by Glen Campbell in 1975.

text: The albums[edit]

text: Most songs from an album[edit]

text: From Come on Over by Shania Twain[24]

text:
"Love Gets Me Every Time" (#1)
"Don't Be Stupid (You Know I Love You)" (#6)
"You're Still the One" (#1)
"From This Moment On" (#6)
"Honey, I'm Home" (#1)
"That Don't Impress Me Much" (#8)
"Man! I Feel Like a Woman!" (#4)
"You've Got a Way" (#13)
"Come on Over" (#6)
"Rock This Country!" (#30)
"I'm Holdin' on to Love (to Save My Life)" (#17)

text: From Red by Taylor Swift

text:
"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" (#1)
"Begin Again" (#10)
"Red" (#2)
"I Almost Do" (#13)
"All Too Well" (#17)
"Stay Stay Stay" (#24)
"Treacherous" (#26)
"Starlight" (#28)
"Holy Ground" (#32)
"The Lucky One" (#33)
"Sad Beautiful Tragic" (#37)

text: From Here's to the Good Times by Florida Georgia Line

text:
"Cruise" (#1)
"Get Your Shine On" (#5)
"Here's to the Good Times" (#33)
"Round Here" (#3)
"Stay" (#1)
"Dayum, Baby" (#49)
"This Is How We Roll" (#1)
"Take It Out on Me" (#32)
"Hands on You" (#33)
"Headphones" (#39)
"People Back Home" (#42)

text: Most number one songs from an album[edit]

text: Male[edit]

text: From Diamonds & Dirt by Rodney Crowell

text:
"It's Such a Small World" (duet with Rosanne Cash)
"I Couldn't Leave You If I Tried"
"She's Crazy for Leavin'"
"After All This Time"
"Above and Beyond"

text: From 5th Gear by Brad Paisley

text:
"Ticks"
"Online"
"Letter to Me"
"I'm Still a Guy"
"Waitin' on a Woman" (on re-release only)

text: Female[edit]

text: From King's Record Shop by Rosanne Cash

text:
"The Way We Make a Broken Heart"
"If You Change Your Mind"
"Tennessee Flat Top Box"
"Runaway Train"

text: From The Woman in Me by Shania Twain

text:
"Any Man of Mine"
"(If You're Not in It for Love) I'm Outta Here!"
"You Win My Love"
"No One Needs to Know"

text: From Carnival Ride by Carrie Underwood

text:
"So Small"
"All-American Girl"
"Last Name"
"Just a Dream"

text: Group[edit]

text: From Roll On by Alabama:

text:
"Roll On (Eighteen Wheeler)"
"When We Make Love"
"If You're Gonna Play in Texas (You Gotta Have a Fiddle in the Band)"
"(There's A) Fire in the Night"

text: From Southern Star by Alabama:

text:
"Song of the South"
"If I Had You"
"High Cotton"
"Southern Star"

text: From Lonely Grill by Lonestar:

text:
"Amazed"
"Smile"
"What About Now"
"Tell Her"

text: From The Foundation by Zac Brown Band:

text:
"Chicken Fried"
"Toes"
"Highway 20 Ride"
"Free"

text: From You Get What You Give by Zac Brown Band:

text:
"As She's Walking Away" (duet with Alan Jackson)
"Colder Weather"
"Knee Deep" (duet with Jimmy Buffett)
"Keep Me in Mind"

text: Duo[edit]

text: From Why Not Me by The Judds:

text:
"Mama He's Crazy"
"Why Not Me"
"Girls' Night Out"
"Love Is Alive"

text: From Rockin' with the Rhythm by The Judds:

text:
"Have Mercy"
"Grandpa (Tell Me 'Bout the Good Ol' Days)"
"Rockin' with the Rhythm of the Rain"
"Cry Myself to Sleep"

text: From Brand New Man by Brooks & Dunn

text:
"Brand New Man"
"My Next Broken Heart"
"Neon Moon"
"Boot Scootin' Boogie"

text: Most year-end No. 1 albums[edit]

text: 4 – Garth Brooks (1991, 1992, 1995, 1998)

text:
3 – Willie Nelson (1976, 1978, 1982)
2 – Alabama (1983, 1985)


document_title: The Hollow Men

question_text: this is the way the world ends movie quote

text: The Hollow Men

text: Journey of the character[edit]

text: Eliot’s characters often undergo a journey -  either physical or spiritual or both. The Hollow Men seems  to follow  the  otherworldly journey  of  the spiritually  dead. These  “hollow men”  have  the realization,  humility  and acknowledgement  of  their guilt  and  their status  as  broken, lost  souls.

text: The  “hollow men”  fail  to transform  their  motions into  actions,  conception to  creation,  desire to  fulfillment. This awareness  of  the split  between  thought and  action  coupled with  their  awareness of  “death’s  various kingdoms”  and  acute diagnosis  of  their hollowness,  makes  it hard  for  them to  go  forward and  break  through their  spiritual  sterility. And  as  the poem  and  their journey  ends,  they see  “the  horror, the  horror”  that Kurtz  sees  in  The Heart  of  Darkness. There  is  a complete  breakdown  of language,  prayer  and the  spirit  as “the  world  ends/ Not  with  a bang  but  a whimper”.

text: Theme and context[edit]

text: Eliot wrote that he produced the title "The Hollow Men" by combining the titles of the romance "The Hollow Land" by William Morris with the poem "The Broken Men" by Rudyard Kipling:[3] but it is possible that this is one of Eliot's many constructed allusions, and that the title originates more transparently from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar or from the character Kurtz in Joseph Conrad's Heart of Darkness who is referred to as a "hollow sham" and "hollow at the core".

text: The two epigraphs to the poem, "Mistah Kurtz – he dead" and "A penny for the Old Guy", are allusions to Conrad's character and to Guy Fawkes, attempted arsonist of the English house of Parliament, and his straw-man effigy that is burned each year in the United Kingdom on Guy Fawkes Night.

text: Some critics read the poem as told from three perspectives, each representing a phase of the passing of a soul into one of death's kingdoms ("death's dream kingdom", "death's twilight kingdom", and "death's other kingdom"). Eliot describes how we, the living, will be seen by "Those who have crossed/With direct eyes [...] not as lost/Violent souls, but only/As the hollow men/The stuffed men." The image of eyes figures prominently in the poem, notably in one of Eliot's most famous lines "Eyes I dare not meet in dreams". Such eyes are also generally accepted to be in reference to Dante's Beatrice (see below).

text: The poet depicts figures "Gathered on this beach of the tumid river" – drawing considerable influence from Dante's third and fourth cantos of the Inferno which describes Limbo, the first circle of Hell – showing man in his inability to cross into Hell itself or to even beg redemption, unable to speak with God. Dancing "round the prickly pear," the figures worship false gods, recalling children and reflecting Eliot's interpretation of Western culture after World War I.

text: The final stanza may be the most quoted of all of Eliot's poetry:

text:
This is the way the world ends
This is the way the world ends
This is the way the world ends
Not with a bang but a whimper.

text: When asked if he would write these lines again, Eliot responded with a 'no':

text: One reason is that while the association of the H-bomb is irrelevant to it, it would today come to everyone's mind. Another is that he is not sure the world will end with either. People whose houses were bombed have told him they don't remember hearing anything.[4]

text: Other significant references include the Lord's Prayer, Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, and Conrad's An Outcast of the Islands ("Life is very long").

text: Publication information[edit]

text: The poem was first published as now known on 23 November 1925, in Eliot's Poems: 1909–1925. Eliot was known to collect poems and fragments of poems to produce new works. This is clearest to see in his poems The Hollow Men and "Ash-Wednesday" where he incorporated previously published poems to become sections of a larger work. In the case of The Hollow Men four of the five sections of the poem were previously published:

text:
"Poème", published in the Winter 1924 edition of Commerce (with a French translation), became Part I of The Hollow Men.
Doris's Dream Songs in the November 1924 issue of Chapbook had the three poems: "Eyes that last I saw in tears", "The wind sprang up at four o'clock", and "This is the dead land." The third poem became Part III of The Hollow Men.
Three Eliot poems appeared in the January 1925 issue of his Criterion magazine: "Eyes I dare not meet in dreams", "Eyes that I last saw in tears", and "The eyes are not here". The first poem became Part II of The Hollow Men and the third became Part IV.
Additionally, the March 1925 of Dial published The Hollow Men, I-III which was finally transformed to The Hollow Men Parts I, II, and IV in Poems: 1909–1925.

text: (Publication information from Gallup)[5]

text: Influence in culture[edit]

text: This section appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances; add references to reliable sources if possible, otherwise delete it. (May 2017)

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The Hollow Men has had a profound effect on the Anglo-American cultural lexicon—and by a relatively recent extension, world culture—since it was published in 1925. One source states that the last four lines of the poem are "probably the most quoted lines of any 20th-century poet writing in English."[2][6] The sheer variety of references moves some of the questions concerning the poem's significance outside the traditional domain of literary criticism and into the much broader category of cultural studies. Examples of such influences include:

text: Film[edit]

text:
Eliot's poem was a strong influence on Francis Ford Coppola and the movie Apocalypse Now (1979), in which antagonist Colonel Kurtz (played by Marlon Brando) is depicted reading parts of the poem aloud to his followers. Furthermore, the Complete Dossier DVD release of the film includes a 17-minute special feature of Kurtz reciting the poem in its entirety. The poem's epigraph, "Mistah Kurtz - he dead", is a quote from Conrad's Heart of Darkness (1899), upon which the film is loosely based.
The final stanza is printed one line at a time at the beginning of the television production of Stephen King's The Stand (1994). The poem is also referenced in part by the character who feels responsible for the deadly "Captain Trips" virus being unleashed.
The trailer for the film Southland Tales (2006), directed by Richard Kelly, plays on the poem, stating: "This is the way the world ends, not with a whimper but with a bang." The film also quotes the line a number of times, mostly in voice-overs.[7]
Beverly Weston discusses the line "Life is very long" at the beginning of August: Osage County.
In George Cukor's classic remake of A Star Is Born (1954), Jack Carson's film studio PR man Matt Libby refers to the death of James Mason's character Norman Maine dismissively, quoting: "This is the way the world ends: not with a bang - with a whimper."

text: Literature[edit]

text:
Stephen King's The Dark Tower series contains multiple references to "The Hollow Men" (as well as The Waste Land, most prominently The Dark Tower III: The Waste Lands (1991)).[8]
King also makes reference to "The Hollow Men" in Pet Sematary (1983) with: "Or maybe someone who had escaped from Eliot's poem about the hollow men. I should have been a pair of ragged claws," the latter sentence of which is taken from Eliot's poem "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (1915).
Nevil Shute's novel, On the Beach (1957), takes its name from the second stanza of Part IV of the poem and extracts from the poem, including the passage in which the novel's title appears, have been printed in the front papers of some editions of the book including the 1957 first US edition.[9]
Kami Garcia's novel Beautiful Creatures contains this quote.
Karen Marie Moning's Fever Series novel, Shadowfever, contains quotes from this poem.

text: Multimedia[edit]

text:
Chris Marker created a 19-minute multimedia piece for the Museum of Modern Art in New York City titled Owls At Noon Prelude: The Hollow Men (2005), which was influenced by Eliot's poem.[10]
In the card game Cards Against Humanity, there is a black card citing the last three lines of the poem, but allowing players to replace "a whimper" with the text of a white card, for humorous effect.

text: Video games[edit]

text:
In the video game Shadow Man, the final boss, Legion, quotes "this is the way the world ends, Michael, not with a bang but with a whimper" just before giving the final blow to the protagonist in the bad ending.
The full poem is included in one of the flashbacks in Super Columbine Massacre RPG!
In the video game Kairo, there is a quote from the poem on a wall in the "supersecret" location.
In the video game Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, the AI Colonel in the final speech quotes "And this is how the world ends. Not with a bang, but a whimper".[11]

text: Music[edit]

text:
Denis ApIvor wrote a work called The Hollow Men for baritone, male chorus and orchestra around 1939. It had only one performance, in 1950, under the conductor Constant Lambert, and produced by the BBC through the influence of Edward Clark.[12]
The American new wave band Devo partially lifted from the poem for the chorus to the song "The Shadow" on their seventh album Total Devo (1988)
The song "Hollow Man" appears as the first track on the album Doppelgänger (1983) by the group Daniel Amos; the song is a paraphrase of Eliot's poem spoken over the music of "Ghost of the Heart" played backwards; "Ghost of the Heart" is the last song on the group's previous album ¡Alarma! (1981)
The Argentinian rock band Divididos has a song named after the poem ("Los hombres huecos") on their debut album 40 dibujos ahí en el piso (1988)
Members of the Minneapolis hiphop collective Doomtree have referenced this poem in a number of collective and individual songs, including the single "No Homeowners" on the collective's 2007 album False Hopes, ".38 Airweight" on 2015's All Hands, and in the single "Flash Paper" from member Sims's 2016 album More than Ever.
The last line of the poem is referenced in Amanda Palmer's song "Strength Through Music", based on the Columbine High School massacre.
Eliot's poem inspired The Hollow Men (1944), a piece for trumpet and string orchestra by composer Vincent Persichetti and one of his most popular works.[13]
Jon Foreman of Switchfoot says that the band's song "Meant to Live" is inspired by Eliot's poem.[14]
The Gaslamp Killer song In the Dark... has the lyrics "This is the way the world ends" in it.
The Greek black metal band Rotting Christ uses excerpts of the poem as lyrics for the song "Thine Is the Kingdom" on their album Sleep of the Angels. The final stanza of the poem is used as the song's chorus
Tim Minchin uses the last stanza at the end of his song: the Perineum Millennium.
The title song from The Smiths' studio album The Queen Is Dead features the closing repeated refrain, 'Life is very long', which the lyricist Morrissey has then personalised by adding the line 'when you're lonely'.
Axel Thesleff created a musical interpretation of the poem in form of a five-track LP.[15]
British 90s band EMF used the line "this is the way the world ends, this is the way the world ends, this is the way the world ends" using wordplay to add "not with a band" in their song Longtime on the album Schubert Dip[16]

text: The hardcore punk group Code Orange use lines of the poem in their song "IV (My Mind Is A Prison)".

text:
The Australian band TISM has a song on their 1986 EP Form and Meaning reach Ultimate Communion about T.S. Eliot titled "Mistah Eliot, He Wanker".
The 2011 release by North Carolina-based band Scapegoat, I Am Alien, references the poem in the title track: "So thank you Mr. Elliot for showing us the way the world will end, Not with a bang, but with a whimper on the wind, And I've come to tell all of my friends, That it starts with a bang, but ends with the wind."

text: Television[edit]

text:
Japanese animation series: Highschool of the Dead - episode 12
British television series: Doctor Who ("The Lazarus Experiment") and Foyle's War (series 1, episode 3, which also name-drops "Ash Wednesday" and Horizons magazine, to which Eliot contributed)
American television shows: 30 Rock, The Big Bang Theory, Northern Exposure, the title of the finale of Dexter’s sixth season (in which the protagonist also quotes the titular verse), Dollhouse (on "The Hollow Men" episode), Frasier, Mad Men, and The X-Files (on the "Pusher" episode). "The Haunting Hour" ("Scarecrow") "The Stand" (The Plague)
British television series The Fall references the poem in its title and in series 1 episode 3 serial killer Paul Spector writes the lines 'Between the idea and the reality, Between the motion and the act falls the Shadow' in his journal of his murders.
Netflix television series "Travelers", Reilly Dolman's character Phillip references the poem in season 1 episode 5 when interrogated with the question "How does the world end?"
In the season 4 finale of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., Holden Radcliffe quotes the final stanza, but is unable to finish it as he gets erased from a virtual world that he created.[17]


document_title: United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest

question_text: when did england last host the eurovision song contest

text: History[edit]

text: 1950s to 1970s[edit]

text: It was alleged that the United Kingdom were expected to take part in the first contest in 1956, and that they missed the submission deadline and therefore could not take part. This was later revealed by the EBU in January 2017 to be a mythical fact created by fans of the contest.[1] The EBU further went on to explain that the Festival of British Popular Song, a contest created by the BBC for the United Kingdom, was the inspiration that brought in format changes to the contest elements from the Eurovision Song Contest 1957 onwards.[1] Patricia Bredin was the first performer to represent the UK at Eurovision, finishing seventh in 1957. The UK was the first choice to stage the third contest in 1958, however following a failure to get an agreement from various artistic unions, the BBC withdrew their bid in the summer of 1957 and the UK did not enter for the second and last time to date.[2]

text: At their second attempt in the contest in 1959, the UK achieved the first of their record fifteen runner-up positions, when Pearl Carr and Teddy Johnson sang "Sing, Little Birdie". The UK would achieve four more second-place finishes with Bryan Johnson in 1960, The Allisons in 1961, Matt Monro in 1964 and Kathy Kirby in 1965, before eventually winning for the first time in 1967. Sandie Shaw was already a successful performer, having twice topped the UK singles chart and she comfortably won in Vienna with "Puppet on a String", which became her third UK number one and topped the charts all around Europe. In 1968, another successful performer was selected to represent the UK with the song "Congratulations". In London, Cliff Richard gave the UK their sixth second-place finish, losing to Spain's Massiel. "Congratulations" remains one of only two non-winning UK Eurovision songs to top the UK charts. The UK's second victory was provided by the Scottish singer Lulu, who won with the song "Boom Bang-a-Bang" in 1969, in a four-way tie with France, Spain and the Netherlands. Another established performer, she had reached the US #1 spot with "To Sir with Love" in 1967.

text: Having finished second on three further occasions in the 1970s, with Mary Hopkin in 1970, The New Seekers in 1972 and The Shadows in 1975. The UK achieved their third victory in 1976 with Brotherhood of Man and "Save Your Kisses for Me", who won with 164 points, which would remain the highest points total for ten years. In 1977, the UK finished second for the tenth time represented by Lynsey de Paul and Mike Moran.

text: 1980s and 1990s[edit]

text: The UK's fourth victory came in 1981, with Bucks Fizz and "Making Your Mind Up". The group was created especially for the UK selection contest "A Song for Europe". At Eurovision in Dublin, they defeated Germany's Lena Valaitis by four points. The group went on to continued success, with 13 UK top 40 hits over the next five years. This would be the last UK win for 16 years, although the country continued to be competitive at the contest with four more second-place results during this time. In 1988, Scott Fitzgerald lost to Celine Dion, who was representing Switzerland, by just one point. In 1989, Live Report lost out to Yugoslavia by seven points. Michael Ball in 1992, also finished second, behind Linda Martin of Ireland. The 1993 entry, Sonia, had already had 10 UK top 30 hits, including a 1989 number one with "You'll Never Stop Me Loving You", when she was selected to represent the UK in Millstreet. With one country left to vote, (Malta) Ireland's Niamh Kavanagh led Sonia by 11 points. By the time it got to the announcement of the 12 points, neither the UK or Ireland had been mentioned. If the UK had received the 12, they would have won by one point. In the end Ireland received the top marks and won by 23 points. Despite only finishing eighth in the 1996 contest, Gina G went on to huge success with her entry "Ooh Ah Just a Little Bit", which became only the second non-winning UK entry to top the UK Singles chart. It also reached the US top 20 and received a Grammy nomination. The UK's fifth victory finally came in 1997, when Katrina and the Waves, famous for their 1980s hit "Walking on Sunshine", comfortably won the contest with the song "Love, Shine a Light". They scored 227 points, which would remain the highest points total of the pre semi-final era. At the 1998 contest in Birmingham, Imaani achieved the UK's 15th second-place finish and 20th top two result, with the song "Where Are You?", losing to Israel's Dana International. The UK, as of 2017, has not finished in the top two since.

text: 21st century[edit]

text: The UK has fared less well in the contest in the 21st century. Since girl-group Precious finished 12th in 1999, the UK has failed to reach the top ten in all but two of the last 19 contests (1999–2017) – the exceptions being Jessica Garlick, who finished joint third in 2002 with the song "Come Back" (the UK's only top three result of the century), and Jade Ewen, who finished fifth in 2009 with the song "It's My Time", written by Andrew Lloyd Webber and Diane Warren. In 2003, the UK finished last for the first time with the duo Jemini, who received the infamous "nul points". This remains the only time the UK has failed to score a single point. The country has finished last on two further occasions, with Andy Abraham, who received 14 points in 2008 and Josh Dubovie, who received 10 points in 2010.

text: In 2011, the BBC chose the boy band Blue to represent the UK, they finished 11th with 100 points. In 2012, the UK were facing calls to quit the contest when the UK entry, Engelbert Humperdinck, finished 25th (out of 26) with only 12 points.[3] However, the UK confirmed their participation in the 2013 contest, with the Welsh singer Bonnie Tyler, most famous for her 1983 US and UK number one hit "Total Eclipse of the Heart", who would perform the song "Believe in Me".[4] In Malmo, she finished 19th with 23 points.[5] She went on to win two internationally voted Eurovision Song Contest radio awards for Best Female Singer and Best Song.[6]

text: In 2014, the BBC internally selected unknown singer Molly Smitten-Downes, through BBC Introducing, which supports new and unsigned acts. She represented the UK in Copenhagen under her artist name Molly. In the final, she performed the song "Children of the Universe", which she co-wrote with Anders Hansson and finished in 17th place with 40 points, having been regarded as one of the favourites to win the contest.[7] In October 2014, Guy Freeman stated that the BBC are still engaging with record companies and the BBC Introducing platform in order to find an entry for the 2015 contest via the internal selection process, but announced that in addition, for the first time since 2008, they are giving the general public the option to submit an entry for consideration.[8][9] Ultimately, the entry for 2015 came through open submission, with the song "Still in Love with You" performed by the duo Electro Velvet.[10] The song finished in 24th place, with only five points, the UK's worst performance in terms of points tally since the infamous nul points of 2003. The performance was widely deplored by viewers and openly mocked on social media,[11] with the British media putting increasing pressure on the BBC to change its selection policy for future contests.

text: On 30 September 2015, the BBC confirmed the national selection show would return in 2016.[12] Six acts competed in the national final on 26 February and the winner was selected entirely through a public vote, consisting of televoting and online voting. "You're Not Alone" performed by Joe and Jake won the national final broadcast live on BBC Four.[13] At the final they came 24th with 62 points in total.[14] Of these only 8 were from the public vote, the second lowest public score, following 0 to the Czech Republic. In spite of the latest disappointing result, the BBC announced that the national final format would be retained for 2017.[15] Six acts again participated in the final, which was held on 27 January 2017. It was broadcast on BBC Two as opposed to BBC Four the previous year, and the winner was determined by a combination of scores from a professional jury and televoting (including votes cast online). Former X Factor contestant Lucie Jones won the show and earned the right to represent the UK at the 2017 contest in Kiev, with the song "Never Give Up on You", becoming the 60th UK Eurovision entry.[16][17] The song won praise by many fans across Europe for its impressive staging, but it was still unable to reverse the UK's poor form in recent years - finishing 15th in the final with a combined score of 111 points, placing 10th in the jury vote with 99 points but only 20th in the televote with 12 points.[18]

text: United Kingdom and the "Big Four/Five"[edit]

text: In 1999, a rule change allowed the United Kingdom, along with France, Germany and Spain, to automatically qualify for the Eurovision Song Contest final (irrespective of their recent scores and without entering a semi-final), due to being the biggest financial contributors to the EBU.[19] Due to their untouchable status in the contest, these countries became known as the "Big Four" (which became the "Big Five" in 2011 following the return of Italy to the contest).[20]

text: In 2008, it was rumoured that the "Big Four" would lose their automatic qualification, and would have to compete in the semi-finals for the first time.[21] However, it was announced by the EBU that this would not be the case and the four countries would still automatically qualify for the final of the 2009 contest without having to enter a semi-final,[22] and this has remained as of 2017.

text: In 2008, the BBC defended using money from TV licence fee payers for the contest when Liberal Democrat MP Richard Younger-Ross had tabled a Commons motion which called on the corporation to withdraw its £173,000 funding for the annual contest. That same year, former Eurovision commentator Sir Terry Wogan claimed that the show is "no longer a music contest" after the result was announced.[23]

text: Since the introduction of the Big Four/Five, the United Kingdom and Germany have both finished last in the contest three times. The United Kingdom also has the fewest top ten results of the Big Five in the 21st century, but has achieved more top five results than Spain, having reached the top five in 2002 and 2009, while Spain has not reached the top five since the 1995 contest.

text: Contestants[edit]

text:
Year[24]
Language
Performer(s)
Song
Final
Points
Semi
Points

1957
English
Patricia Bredin
"All"
7
6
No semi-finals

1958
Did not participate

1959
English
Pearl Carr & Teddy Johnson
"Sing, Little Birdie"
2
16

1960
English
Bryan Johnson
"Looking High, High, High"
2
25

1961
English
The Allisons
"Are You Sure?"
2
24

1962
English
Ronnie Carroll
"Ring-A-Ding Girl"
4
10

1963
English
Ronnie Carroll
"Say Wonderful Things"
4
28

1964
English
Matt Monro
"I Love the Little Things"
2
17

1965
English
Kathy Kirby
"I Belong"
2
26

1966
English
Kenneth McKellar
"A Man Without Love"
9
8

1967
English
Sandie Shaw
"Puppet on a String"
1
47

1968
English
Cliff Richard
"Congratulations"
2
28

1969
English
Lulu
"Boom Bang-a-Bang"
1
18

1970
English
Mary Hopkin
"Knock, Knock Who's There?"
2
26

1971
English
Clodagh Rodgers
"Jack in the Box"
4
98

1972
English
The New Seekers
"Beg, Steal or Borrow"
2
114

1973
English
Cliff Richard
"Power to All Our Friends"
3
123

1974
English
Olivia Newton-John
"Long Live Love"
4
14

1975
English
The Shadows
"Let Me Be the One"
2
138

1976
English
Brotherhood of Man
"Save Your Kisses for Me"
1
164

1977
English
Lynsey de Paul & Mike Moran
"Rock Bottom"
2
121

1978
English
Co-Co
"The Bad Old Days"
11
61

1979
English
Black Lace
"Mary Ann"
7
73

1980
English
Prima Donna
"Love Enough for Two"
3
106

1981
English
Bucks Fizz
"Making Your Mind Up"
1
136

1982
English
Bardo
"One Step Further"
7
76

1983
English
Sweet Dreams
"I'm Never Giving Up"
6
79

1984
English
Belle and the Devotions
"Love Games"
7
63

1985
English
Vikki Watson
"Love Is"
4
100

1986
English
Ryder
"Runner in the Night"
7
72

1987
English
Rikki
"Only the Light"
13
47

1988
English
Scott Fitzgerald
"Go"
2
136

1989
English
Live Report
"Why Do I Always Get it Wrong?"
2
130

1990
English
Emma
"Give a Little Love Back to the World"
6
87

1991
English
Samantha Janus
"A Message to Your Heart"
10
47

1992
English
Michael Ball
"One Step Out of Time"
2
139

1993
English
Sonia
"Better the Devil You Know"
2
164

1994
English
Frances Ruffelle
"Lonely Symphony (We Will Be Free)"
10
63

1995
English
Love City Groove
"Love City Groove"
10
76

1996
English
Gina G
"Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit"
8
77
3
153

1997
English
Katrina and the Waves
"Love Shine a Light"
1
227
No semi-finals

1998
English
Imaani
"Where Are You?"
2
166[a]

1999
English
Precious
"Say It Again"
12
38

2000
English
Nicki French
"Don't Play That Song Again"
16
28

2001
English
Lindsay
"No Dream Impossible"
15
28

2002
English
Jessica Garlick
"Come Back"
3
111

2003
English
Jemini
"Cry Baby"
26
0

2004
English
James Fox
"Hold On to Our Love"
16
29
Member of the "Big 4"

2005
English
Javine Hylton
"Touch My Fire"
22
18

2006
English
Daz Sampson
"Teenage Life"
19
25

2007
English
Scooch
"Flying the Flag (for You)"
22
19

2008
English
Andy Abraham
"Even If"
25
14

2009
English
Jade Ewen
"It's My Time"
5
173

2010
English
Josh Dubovie
"That Sounds Good to Me"
25
10

2011
English
Blue
"I Can"
11
100
Member of the "Big 5"

2012
English
Engelbert Humperdinck
"Love Will Set You Free"
25
12

2013
English
Bonnie Tyler
"Believe in Me"
19
23

2014
English
Molly
"Children of the Universe"
17
40

2015
English
Electro Velvet
"Still in Love with You"
24
5

2016
English
Joe and Jake
"You're Not Alone"
24
62

2017
English
Lucie Jones
"Never Give Up on You"
15
111

2018[25]

text: ^ Spain originally gave its 12 points to Israel and 10 to Norway. After the broadcast it was announced that Spanish broadcaster wrongly tallied the votes and Germany should have got the top mark - 12 points - instead of being snubbed, as it happened. The mistake was corrected and so Germany was placed 7th over Norway. Israel and Norway both received 2 points less than originally and Croatia, Malta, Portugal, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Estonia and Turkey all received one point less than indicated during the broadcast.

text: Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest[edit]

text: Even though the United Kingdom was entered twice into Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest with Cliff Richard's 1968 runner up entry "Congratulations" and Brotherhood of Man's 1976 winning song "Save Your Kisses for Me", the BBC decided not to participate in airing the event or taking part in the voting for the greatest Eurovision Song of the past fifty years, but instead aired an hour-long special program entitled Boom Bang-a-Bang: 50 Years of Eurovision hosted by Terry Wogan looking back at the best and the worst; songs, fashions, contests, hosts and hostesses that have occurred at the Eurovision over the past fifty years.

text:
Year
Artist
Language
Title
Final
Points
Semi
Points
Place (1968 & 1976)
Points (1968 & 1976)

1968
Cliff Richard
English
"Congratulations"
Failed to qualify
8
105
2
28

1976
Brotherhood of Man
English
"Save Your Kisses for Me"
5
230
5
154
1
164

text: Voting history[edit]

text: As of 2017, the United Kingdom's voting history is as follows:

text:
Most points given in the grand finals only

Rank
Country
Points

1
 Ireland
240

2
 Sweden
207

3
 Germany
168

4
  Switzerland
156

5
 Denmark
124

 France
124

Most points given in the semis and finals

Rank
Country
Points

1
 Ireland
298

2
 Sweden
247

3
 Germany
168

4
  Switzerland
161

5
 Denmark
154

Most points received

Rank
Country
Points

1
 Ireland
239

2
  Switzerland
206

3
 France
192

4
 Austria
189

5
 Germany
186

text: Hostings[edit]

text: The United Kingdom has hosted the Eurovision Song Contest a record eight times. The United Kingdom stepped in and hosted the contest for The Netherlands in 1960, France in 1963, Monaco in 1972 and Luxembourg in 1974 due to winning countries financial and capacity issues. The BBC offered to joint host the 1996 contest in Belfast, Northern Ireland with Irish broadcaster RTÉ if Ireland were to win for a fourth year in a row.[citation needed].

text: In 2015, London hosted Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits, an event to commemorate the 60th anniversary, which was recorded for television on 31 March 2015 and was shown in 26 countries, starting with the UK and Ireland on 3 April 2015.[26]

text:
Year
Location
Venue
Presenters

1960
London
Royal Festival Hall
Katie Boyle

1963
BBC Television Centre

1968
Royal Albert Hall

1972
Edinburgh
Usher Hall
Moira Shearer

1974
Brighton
Brighton Dome
Katie Boyle

1977
London
Wembley Conference Centre
Angela Rippon

1982
Harrogate
Harrogate International Centre
Jan Leeming

1998
Birmingham
National Indoor Arena
Ulrika Jonsson and Terry Wogan

text: Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits[edit]

text:
Year
Location
Venue
Presenters

2015
London
Eventim Apollo
Petra Mede and Graham Norton

text: AP Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Song
Performer(s)
Final result
Points
Host City

2004
Composer Award
"Hold Onto Our Love"
James Fox
16th
29
Istanbul

text: Commentators and spokespersons[edit]

text: Over the years BBC commentary has been provided by several experienced radio and television presenters, including Tom Fleming, David Vine, David Jacobs, Dave Lee Travis, Pete Murray, John Dunn and Michael Aspel. However Terry Wogan provided BBC TV commentary every year from 1980 to 2008.[27] It was confirmed on 12 August 2008 that Terry Wogan would no longer present the Eurovision Song Contest for the UK. The BBC Radio 2 DJ, who had fronted the BBC's coverage for 37 years, said it was "time for someone else to take over".[28] He was replaced in 2009 by Graham Norton for the final. Norton has continued in the role ever since.

text: The final of the contest has been broadcast by BBC One (previously BBC Television Service and BBC TV) since the first contest in 1956, the first live colour transmission of the contest in the United Kingdom was the Eurovision Song Contest 1970, the first high definition broadcast of the contest began in 2007 when the contest was simulcast on BBC HD. The final is also broadcast on radio, initially on BBC Light Programme until the 1967 contest. From 1968 it was broadcast on BBC Radio 1, moving to BBC Radio 2 from the 1974 contest where it has remained ever since (except for 1983–1985). Between 1963 and 1976 and from 1980 until 1985 the contest was also broadcast on BFBS Radio. From 2004 to 2015 both semi-finals were broadcast on BBC Three. Since BBC Three became an online only channel in February 2016, semi-final coverage is now broadcast on BBC Four.[29]

text: In the 1998 Contest, hosted in Birmingham, Terry Wogan acted as both commentator and on-stage presenter (together with Ulrika Jonsson). In the 1980 Contest, each song was introduced by a presenter from the national country, the United Kingdom entry being introduced by Noel Edmonds.

text: For most contests, a spokesperson has delivered the results of the national jury, or in recent years the results of the televoting, awarding points to the entries on behalf of his or her country. The exceptions were the contests held in 1971–1973 when votes were cast by two jury members present at the contest venue, appearing at the end of the contest to confirm their scores.

text: No British-born broadcaster has either presented or commentated on the live television final for over thirty years, the last being Jan Leeming in 1982.

text:
Year(s)
Final television commentator
Radio commentator
Spokesperson
Semi-final television commentator
Semi-final second television commentator
Online/BFBS commentator

1956
Wilfrid Thomas
Unknown
UK did not participate
No semi-finals
No semi-finals
N/A

1957
Berkeley Smith
Tom Sloan
David Jacobs

1958
Peter Haigh
UK did not participate

1959
Tom Sloan
Pete Murray
Pete Murray

1960
David Jacobs
Nick Burrell-Davis

1961
Tom Sloan
Michael Aspel

1962
David Jacobs
Peter Haigh
Alex Macintosh

1963
Michael Aspel
Nicholas Parsons

1964
Tom Sloan
Desmond Carrington
Ian Fenner

1965
David Gell
Alastair Burnet

1966
John Dunn
Michael Aspel

1967
Rolf Harris
Richard Baker
Thurston Holland

1968
N/A
Pete Murray

1969
Michael Aspel
Colin-Ward Lewis
John Russell

1970
David Gell
Tony Brandon

1971
Dave Lee Travis
Terry Wogan
N/A

1972
Tom Fleming
Pete Murray
Terry James

1973
Terry Wogan
Richard Astbury*

1974
David Vine
Terry Wogan
Colin-Ward Lewis

1975
Pete Murray
Ray Moore

1976
Michael Aspel

1977
Pete Murray
Colin Berry
N/A

1978
Terry Wogan
Ray Moore

1979
John Dunn

1980
Terry Wogan
Steve Jones
Ray Moore
Andrew Pastona

1981
Ray Moore
Colin Berry
N/A

1982

1983
Not broadcast on BBC Radio
Richard Nankivell

1984

1985

1986
Ray Moore
N/A

1987

1988
Ken Bruce

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998
Ken Bruce

1999
Colin Berry

2000

2001

2002

2003
Lorraine Kelly

2004
Paddy O'Connell
No dual commentator

2005
Cheryl Baker

2006
Fearne Cotton

2007
Sarah Cawood

2008
Carrie Grant
Caroline Flack

2009
Graham Norton
Duncan James
Sarah Cawood

2010
Scott Mills

2011
Alex Jones
Scott Mills
Sara Cox

2012
Scott Mills

2013
Ana Matronic

2014
Laura Whitmore
Ana Matronic

2015
Nigella Lawson
Mel Giedroyc

2016[30]
Richard Osman
N/A

2017
Katrina Leskanich

text: It has to be assumed that Terry Wogan's commentary was taken by BFBS in 1975 since Terry says in his BBC Radio 2 commentary "Richard Astbury sends his apologies to BFBS listeners - technical difficulties".

text: Additionally, from 2004–2010, Paddy O'Connell commentated on the semi-final shows. In 2007, 2009 and 2010 he was also joined by Sarah Cawood. In 2008 he was joined by Caroline Flack. In recent years, the dual-commentator format during the semi-finals has allowed for the broadcaster to incorporate additional segments, interviews and live viewer interaction, during the programmes live airing.[31]

text: In 2011, O'Connell was replaced by Scott Mills who provided the commentary from London, while Sara Cox provided interaction from the venue. Cox and Mills both provided commentary again in 2012 from the venue. In 2013, Cox was replaced by Ana Matronic[32] and Matronic was replaced in 2014 by Laura Whitmore.[33] Mel Giedroyc replaced Whitmore as co-commentator in 2015.[34] In 2014, Matronic provided commentary for the second semi-final of the 2014 Contest on BBC Radio 2 Eurovision, a temporary station which was broadcast on DAB radio over four days, as well as the BBC Radio 2 website. She continued this role in 2015.[35]

text: Separate entrants[edit]

text: For several years the Scottish National Party (SNP) has campaigned for a place in Eurovision for Scotland but had been rejected numerous times because Scotland is represented as a part of the British entry and is represented by the BBC.[36]

text: On 11 February 2008 the EBU stated that a Scottish broadcaster could apply for EBU membership, but under the current rules could not enter the Eurovision Song Contest as the BBC currently has exclusive rights to represent the entire United Kingdom.[36] It was announced in late May 2008 that the UK would be participating in the 2009 Contest and, therefore, Scotland was not represented in 2009 as a separate entrant.[37]

text: Scotland could be represented by STV, ITV Border or BBC Scotland. MEP Alyn Smith has said in the European Parliament: "Other small countries have done it [entered the competition] and I will be happy to help any of the broadcasting companies through the progress."[38][39][40][41]

text: In 2011 the European Broadcasting Union stated that there was nothing to prevent Scotland from submitting its own entry, although STV stated that there were no current plans for a separate entry.[41]

text: If Scotland were to participate it is unknown whether or not England, Wales and Northern Ireland would show any interest in entering the Eurovision Song Contest independently as well, although S4C (the Welsh language media channel) has expressed an interest and, in addition, already holds a yearly national song contest called "Cân i Gymru" (Song for Wales).[42] S4C also considered a bid for the Junior Eurovision Song Contest 2008 but decided not to go ahead.[43] In 2009 MEP for Wales Jillian Evans stated her interest in securing Wales a place in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010, Wales could be represented by either BBC Cymru Wales, ITV Wales & West or S4C. There is a small campaign in Northern Ireland for a separate entrant and it could be represented by UTV or BBC Northern Ireland.[44] There are no plans currently for England to enter separately.

text: However, to date, these proposed changes have not occurred, and the United Kingdom still participates in the Eurovision Song Contest as a single entrant. It was unknown what would happen if Scotland were to become an independent country. However, on 25 November 2013, the Scottish Government released a referendum blueprint which detailed plans for the transfer of BBC Scotland into the Scottish Broadcasting Service (SBS) and joining the EBU, as well as partaking in competitions, including Scottish entries in the Eurovision Song Contest.[45][46] However, the referendum result on 18 September 2014 was to remain part of the United Kingdom, and the aforementioned BBC retains exclusive rights to represent the United Kingdom, including Scotland.[47]

text: Since 2006, the Gibraltarian national broadcaster Gibraltar Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) has been attempting to gain EBU membership and thus participate independently in the Eurovision Song Contest. However GBC cannot obtain EBU membership due to the British Overseas Territory not being independent from the United Kingdom. Gibraltar has broadcast the Eurovision Song Contest 2008 and the final of the 2006 edition.[48]

text: Photogallery[edit]

text:
Ronnie Carroll in Luxembourg (1962)

Kathy Kirby in Naples (1965)

Brotherhood of Man in The Hague (1976)

Scooch in Helsinki (2007)

Andy Abraham in Belgrade (2008)

Jade Ewen in Moscow (2009)

Josh Dubovie in Oslo (2010)

Blue in Düsseldorf (2011)

Bonnie Tyler in Malmö (2013)

Molly in Copenhagen (2014)

Electro Velvet in Vienna (2015)

Joe and Jake in Stockholm (2016)

Lucie Jones in Kiev (2017)


document_title: History of the potato

question_text: when did the potato come to north america

text: History of the potato

text: History by region[edit]

text: South America[edit]

text: Cultivation of potatoes in South America may go back 10,000 years,[3] yet the tubers do not preserve well in archaeological record, and there are problems with exact identification of those that are found.

text: The earliest archaeologically verified potato tuber remains have been found at the coastal site of Ancón (central Peru), dating to 2500 BC.[4] Potatoes dating to about 2000 BC have been found at Huaynuma, in the Casma Valley of Peru,[5] and early potatoes dating to 800-500 BC were also uncovered at the Altiplano site of Chiripa on the east side of Lake Titicaca.[6][7]

text: In the Altiplano, potatoes provided the principal energy source for the Inca Empire, its predecessors, and its Spanish successor. In Bolivia and Peru above 10,000 feet altitude, tubers exposed to the cold night air turned into chuño;[8] when kept in permanently frozen underground storehouses, chuño can be stored for years with no loss of nutritional value. The Spanish fed chuño to the silver miners who produced vast wealth in the 16th century for the Spanish government.[2]

text: Potato was the staple food of most Pre‑Columbian Mapuches, "specially in the southern and coastal [Mapuche] territories where maize did not reach maturity".[9]

text: Europe[edit]

text: Sailors returning from the Andes to Spain with silver presumably brought maize and potatoes for their own food on the trip.[10] Historians speculate that leftover tubers (and maize) were carried ashore and planted: "We think that the potato arrived some years before the end of the 16th century, by two different ports of entry: the first, logically, in Spain around 1570, and the second via the British Isles between 1588 and 1593 ... we find traces of the transport of potatoes travelling from the Canaries to Antwerp in 1567 ... we can say that the potato was introduced there [the Canary islands] from South America around 1562 ... the first written mention of the potato [is] ... a receipt for delivery dated 28 November 1567 between Las Palmas in the Grand Canaries and Antwerp."[11] In 1553, in the book Crónica del Peru, Pedro Cieza de León mentions he saw it in Quito, Popayán and Pasto in 1538. Basque fishermen from Spain used potatoes as ships' stores for their voyages across the Atlantic in the 16th century, and introduced the tuber to western Ireland, where they landed to dry their cod. The English privateer Sir Francis Drake, returning from his circumnavigation, or Sir Walter Raleigh's employee Thomas Harriot[12] are commonly credited with introducing potatoes into England. In 1588, botanist Carolus Clusius made a painting of what he called "Papas Peruanorum" from a specimen in the Low Countries; in 1601 he reported that potatoes were in common use in northern Italy for animal fodder and for human consumption.[13]

text: The Spanish had an empire across Europe, and brought potatoes for their armies. Peasants along the way adopted the crop, which was less often pillaged by marauding armies than above-ground stores of grain. Across most of Northern Europe, where open fields prevailed, potatoes were strictly confined to small garden plots because field agriculture was strictly governed by custom that prescribed seasonal rhythms for plowing, sowing, harvesting and grazing animals on fallow and stubble. This meant that potatoes were barred from large-scale cultivation because the rules allowed only grain to be planted in the open fields.[14] In France and Germany government officials and noble landowners promoted the rapid conversion of fallow land into potato fields after 1750. The potato thus became an important staple crop in northern Europe. Famines in the early 1770s contributed to its acceptance, as did government policies in several European countries and climate change during the Little Ice Age, when traditional crops in this region did not produce as reliably as before.[15][16] At times and places when and where most other crops failed, potatoes could still typically be relied upon to contribute adequately to food supplies during colder years.[17]

text: In France, at the end of the 16th century, the potato had been introduced to the Franche-Comté, the Vosges of Lorraine and Alsace. By the end of the 18th century it was written in the 1785 edition of Bon Jardinier: "There is no vegetable about which so much has been written and so much enthusiasm has been shown ... The poor should be quite content with this foodstuff."[18] It had widely replaced the turnip and rutabaga by the 19th century.[19]

text: French physician Antoine Parmentier studied the potato intensely and in Examen chymique des pommes de terres ("Chemical examination of potatoes") (Paris, 1774) showed their enormous nutritional value. King Louis XVI and his court eagerly promoted the new crop, with Queen Marie Antoinette even wearing a headdress of potato flowers at a fancy dress ball. The annual potato crop of France soared to 21 million hectoliters[clarification needed] in 1815 and 117 million in 1840, allowing a concomitant growth in population while avoiding the Malthusian trap. Although potatoes had become widely familiar in Russia by 1800, they were confined to garden plots until the grain failure in 1838–39 persuaded peasants and landlords in central and northern Russia to devote their fallow fields to raising potatoes. Potatoes yielded from two to four times more calories per acre than grain did, and eventually came to dominate the food supply in Eastern Europe. Boiled or baked potatoes were cheaper than rye bread, just as nutritious, and did not require a gristmill for grinding. On the other hand, cash-oriented landlords realised that grain was much easier to ship, store and sell, so both grain and potatoes coexisted.[20]

text: Throughout Europe, the most important new food in the 19th century was the potato, which had three major advantages over other foods for the consumer: its lower rate of spoilage, its bulk (which easily satisfied hunger) and its cheapness. The crop slowly spread across Europe, such that, for example, by 1845 it occupied one-third of Irish arable land.[citation needed] Potatoes comprised about 10% of the caloric intake of Europeans.[citation needed] Along with several other foods that either originated in the Americas or were successfully grown or harvested there, potatoes sustained European populations.[21]

text: In Britain, the potato promoted economic development by underpinning the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. It served as a cheap source of calories and nutrients that was easy for urban workers to cultivate on small backyard plots. Potatoes became popular in the north of England, where coal was readily available, so a potato-driven population boom provided ample workers for the new factories. Marxist Friedrich Engels even declared that the potato was the equal of iron for its "historically revolutionary role".[13] The Dutch potato-starch industry grew rapidly in the 19th century, especially under the leadership of entrepreneur Willem Albert Scholten (1819–92).[22]

text: In Ireland, the expansion of potato cultivation was due entirely to the landless labourers, renting tiny plots from landowners who were interested only in raising cattle or in producing grain for market. A single acre of potatoes and the milk of a single cow was enough to feed a whole Irish family a monotonous but nutritionally adequate diet for a healthy, vigorous (and desperately poor) rural population. Often even poor families grew enough extra potatoes to feed a pig that they could sell for cash.[23]

text: A lack of genetic diversity from the low number of varieties left the crop vulnerable to disease. In the early 1800s, a strain of potato blight (Phytophthora infestans) known as HERB-1 began to spread in the Americas, especially Central and North America destroying many crops. The blight spread to Europe in the 1840s where, because of an extreme lack of genetic diversity, the potato crops were even more susceptible. In Northern Europe there were major crop losses lasting throughout the rest of the 19th century. Ireland in particular, because of the extreme dependence of the poor, especially western Ireland, on this single staple crop, was devastated by the blight's arrival in 1845.[24][25]

text: The Lumper potato, widely cultivated in western and southern Ireland before and during the Great Famine, was bland, wet and poorly resistant to the potato blight, but yielded large crops and usually provided adequate calories for peasants and labourers. Heavy dependence on this potato led to disaster when the blight quickly turned harvest-ready and newly harvested potatoes into a putrid mush. The Irish Famine in the western and southern parts of Ireland between 1845–49 was a catastrophic failure in the food supply that led to approximately a million deaths from famine and (especially) diseases that attacked weakened bodies, and to massive emigration to Britain, the U.S., Canada and elsewhere.[26] During the famine years roughly one million Irish emigrated; this tide was not turned until the 20th century, when Ireland's population stood at less than half of the pre-famine level of 8 million.

text: Africa[edit]

text: It is generally believed that potatoes entered Africa with colonists, who consumed them as a vegetable rather than as a staple starch.[27] Shipping records from 1567 show that the first place outside of Central and South America where potatoes were grown were the Canary Islands.[28] As in other continents, despite its advantages as an anti-famine, high-elevation alternative to grain, potatoes were first resisted by local farmers who believed they were poisonous. Colonialists also promoted them as a low cost food and so it was a symbol of domination. In former European colonies of Africa, potatoes were initially consumed only occasionally, but increased production made them a staple in certain areas. Potatoes tended to become more popular in wartime due to their being able to be stored in the ground. It was well established as a crop by the mid-20th century [16] and in present-day Africa they have become a vegetable or co-staple crop.[27]

text: In higher regions of Rwanda, potatoes have become a new staple food crop. Prior to the 1994 Rwandan genocide, consumption was as high as 153 to 200 kg per year – higher than in any Western European country. Recently farmers have developed the potato as a cash crop after introducing several new varieties brought back by migrant laborers from Uganda and other varieties from Kenya.[27]

text: Asia[edit]

text: The potato diffused widely after 1600, becoming a major food resource in Europe and East Asia. Following its introduction into China toward the end of the Ming dynasty, the potato immediately became a delicacy of the imperial family. After the middle period of the Qianlong era (1735–96) in the Qing dynasty, population increases and a subsequent need to increase grain yields coupled with greater peasant geographic mobility led to the rapid spread of potato cultivation throughout China, and it was acclimated to local natural conditions.

text: Boomgaard (2003) looks at the adoption of various root and tuber crops in Indonesia throughout the colonial period and examines the chronology and reasons for progressive adoption of foreign crops: sweet potato, Irish potato, bengkuang (yam beans), and cassava.

text: Edward Terry mentioned the potato in his travel accounts of the banquet at Ajmer by Asaph Khan to Sir Thomas Roe, the British Ambassador in 1675. It is the earliest mention in history of India[clarification needed]. The vegetables gardens of Surat and Karnataka had potatoes as mentioned in Fyer's travel record of 1675. The Portuguese introduced potatoes, which they called 'Batata', to India in the early seventeenth century when they cultivated it along the western coast. British traders introduced potatoes to Bengal as a root crop, 'Alu'. By the end of the 18th century, it was cultivated across northern hill areas of India.[16] Potatoes were introduced to Tibet by the 19th century through trade route from India.[29]

text: The potato was introduced to the Philippines during the late 16th century, and to Java and China during the 17th century.[citation needed]

text: North America[edit]

text: Potatoes were planted in Idaho as early as 1838; by 1900 the state's production exceeded a million bushels (about 27,000 tonnes[31]). Prior to 1910, the crops were stored in barns or root cellars, but, by the 1920s, potato cellars or barns came into use. U.S. potato production has increased steadily; two-thirds of the crop comes from Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Colorado, and Maine, and potato growers have strengthened their position in both domestic and foreign markets.

text: By the 1960s, the Canadian Potato Research Centre in Fredericton, New Brunswick, was one of the top six potato research institutes in the world. Established in 1912 as a Dominion Experimental Station, the station began in the 1930s to concentrate on breeding new varieties of disease-resistant potatoes. In the 1950s–1960s, the growth of the French fry industry in New Brunswick led to a focus on developing varieties for the industry. By the 1970s, the station's potato research was broader than ever before, but the station and its research programs had changed, as emphasis was placed on serving industry rather than potato farmers in general. Scientists at the station even began describing their work using engineering language rather than scientific prose.[32] Potatoes are Canada's most important vegetable crop; they are grown commercially in all its provinces, led by Prince Edward Island.[33] In modern days potatoes have grown in popularity due to their versatility and ability to be used for many different dishes of food.

text: The first potatoes to arrive in North America from Europe were sent to Gov. Francis Wyatt of Virginia at Jamestown by Nathaniel Butler. There were two large cedar boxes that were filled with different vegetables, among them were potatoes. The very first potatoes grown in North America were planted in Derry New Hampshire in the year 1719. Idaho didn't begin growing potatoes until 1836.[citation needed]