document_title: Criminal Minds (season 13)

question_text: when will season 13 of criminal minds be released on dvd

text: Criminal Minds (season 13)

text: Cast[edit]

text: The entire main cast from the previous season returned for the season, except Damon Gupton (Stephen Walker), who was fired from the show.[4][5] His character was killed off in the season premiere off-screen.

text: Following the cancellation of Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders, it was announced that Daniel Henney (Matt Simmons) would join the cast this season as a series regular.[6]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Joe Mantegna as David Rossi
Matthew Gray Gubler as Dr. Spencer Reid
A. J. Cook as Jennifer "JJ" Jareau
Kirsten Vangsness as Penelope Garcia
Aisha Tyler as Dr. Tara Lewis
Daniel Henney as Matt Simmons
Adam Rodriguez as Luke Alvez
Paget Brewster as Emily Prentiss

text: Special guest star[edit]

text: Shemar Moore as Derek Morgan

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Josh Stewart as William LaMontagne Jr.
Kelly Frye as Kristy Simmons
Declan Whaley as David Simmons
Kim Rhodes as Assistant Director Linda Barnes

text: Guest cast[edit]

text:
Bodhi Elfman as Peter Lewis / Mr. Scratch
Tracie Thoms as Monica Walker
Jamie Kennedy as Floyd Feylinn Ferell
Zelda Williams as Melissa Miller
Lou Diamond Phillips as Sheriff Clifford
Daniella Alonso as Lisa Douglas
Gail O'Grady as Krystall Richards
Danielle C. Ryan as Portia Richards
Sebastian Sozzi as Carlos Garica
James Urbaniak as Special Agent Owen Quinn
Karen David as Special Agent Mary Meadows
Michael Hogan as Benjamin David Merva

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Criminal Minds was renewed for a thirteenth season with an episode order of 22 episodes on April 7, 2017.[1][2] The entire main cast from the previous season returned for the season, except Damon Gupton (Stephen Walker), who was fired from the show.[4][5]

text: Matthew Gray Gubler directed the seventeenth episode of the season and it was said to be "the spookiest episode of Season 13" and involved clowns.[7] On August 10, 2017, it was revealed that Aisha Tyler will make her television directing debut and direct the sixth episode of the season.[8] On August 12, 2017 it was revealed that Erica Messer and Kirsten Vangsness will be co-writing the eleventh episode of the season, which will be the fourth episode they have co-written together.[9] On October 31, 2017, it was announced that Adam Rodriguez will make his Criminal Minds directing debut and direct the sixteenth episode of the season.[10]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On June 11, 2017, it was announced that Damon Gupton had been let go from the show after one season.[4] CBS said his departure was "part of a creative change on the show".[4][5]

text: On June 20, 2017, CBS announced that Daniel Henney, who was a series regular on Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders as Matt Simmons,  would join the main show as a series regular for the thirteenth season.[11]

text: On October 12, 2017, it was announced that Shemar Moore would reprise his role as Derek Morgan in the fifth episode of the season ("Lucky Strikes"). His character returned to help Penelope Garcia get through a tough time.[12]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeUS viewers(millions)2781"Wheels Up"Glenn KershawBreen FrazierSeptember 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)13017.00[13]
When escaped serial killer Peter Lewis (Bodhi Elfman) launches a devastating final assault on the BAU and takes one of their own as a hostage, Garcia brings in former International Response Team member Matt Simmons (Daniel Henney) to help apprehend Lewis before more lives are lost.
2792"To A Better Place"Diana C. ValentineBruce ZimmermanOctober 4, 2017 (2017-10-04)13026.17[14]
When three vintage suitcases containing sets of human remains are found throughout Naples, Florida, the BAU returns from their bureau-dictated vacation to determine what connects the victims. Meanwhile, Reid learns about a condition to his reinstatement and the team officially welcomes Simmons into the fold.
2803"Blue Angel"Sharat RajuChristopher BarbourOctober 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)13045.87[15]
When two businessmen are tortured and emasculated in Detroit, Michigan, the BAU interrogates a former escort who was involved with both men only to unearth a dark family secret that changes the course of the investigation.
2814"Killer App"Alec SmightStephanie SenGuptaOctober 18, 2017 (2017-10-18)13035.94[16]
When three employees are gunned down in a Silicon Valley workplace shooting, the BAU works with the Department of Homeland Security to determine why the victims were targeted. Meanwhile, Prentiss confronts Alvez about the events surrounding his final confrontation with Peter Lewis.
2825"Lucky Strikes"Tawnia McKiernanJim ClementeOctober 25, 2017 (2017-10-25)13065.91[17]
When a Florida prostitute is found dead with both legs severed and several fingers cut off, the BAU attempts to determine if incarcerated serial killer Floyd Feylinn Ferell (Jamie Kennedy) has embarked on another killing spree or if a copycat killer is trying to frame him. Meanwhile, former SSA Derek Morgan (Shemar Moore) visits Garcia after she finds herself overwhelmed by memories of a ten-year-old trauma.
2836"The Bunker"Aisha TylerKaren MaserNovember 8, 2017 (2017-11-08)13055.50[18]
When a Richmond, Virginia chef disappears while leaving her place of her work, the BAU sets out to connect the abduction to a series of open missing persons cases in both Richmond and Culpeper. Meanwhile, JJ bonds with a potential victim's sister and Garcia searches for a new apartment.
2847"Dust and Bones"Marcus StokesErica MeredithNovember 15, 2017 (2017-11-15)13075.64[19]
When three women are disfigured in Austin, Texas, the BAU sets out to identify a budding serial abductor obsessed with a venemous creature. Meanwhile, Alvez tries to find a way to help his former Fugitive Task Force partner come to terms with his paralysis.
2858"Neon Terror"Bethany RooneyErik StillerNovember 22, 2017 (2017-11-22)13086.31[20]
When the latest in a series of brutal robbery-homicides occurs in Miami, Florida, the BAU sets out to catch a spree killer who releases footage of his crimes to the media as a cry for attention.
2869"False Flag"Joe MantegnaBreen FrazierDecember 6, 2017 (2017-12-06)13095.34[21]
When two members of a Roswell, New Mexico conspiracy theory group die in quick succession, the BAU suspects that the crimes were committed by a serial killer only to find themselves reexamining the evidence following a catastrophic encounter. Meanwhile, Lewis struggles to keep her emotions in check as she interrogates a young podcaster (Zelda Williams) with ties to the group.
28710"Submerged"Rob BaileyBruce ZimmermanJanuary 3, 2018 (2018-01-03)13105.41[22]
When the latest in a series of perplexing robbery-homicides occurs in Ramona, California, the BAU works with a frustrated sheriff (Lou Diamond Phillips) to track down a serial killer with mysterious motives and an even more mysterious past.
28811"Full-Tilt Boogie"Simon MirrenErica Messer & Kirsten VangsnessJanuary 10, 2018 (2018-01-10)13115.70[23]
When the wife of a Virginia police chief survives a brutal home invasion-homicide, the BAU coordinates with local authorities to catch her attempted killer only to uncover a multitude of secrets being kept by the town's inhabitants.
28912"Bad Moon on the Rise"Christoph SchreweKaren MaserJanuary 17, 2018 (2018-01-17)13125.63[24]
When a New York City jogger's gruesome murder is connected to a series of equally gruesome murder-mutilations, the BAU searches for a killer suffering from a bizarre condition. Meanwhile, Alvez deals with the fallout of a blind date gone wrong.
29013"Cure"Glenn KershawChristopher BarbourJanuary 24, 2018 (2018-01-24)13135.30[25]
When a cryptic message is found inside the mouth of a Washington, D.C. financier, the BAU sets out to catch a serial killer determined to eradicate institutions of power. Meanwhile, JJ grows increasingly concerned after receiving an email asking her to sit down with Assistant Director Linda Barnes (Kim Rhodes).
29114"Miasma"Leon IchasoErica MeredithJanuary 31, 2018 (2018-01-31)13145.42[26]
When a mass grave is uncovered in a New Orleans cemetery, the BAU searches for a killer who sees himself as a modern-day plague doctor. Meanwhile, Prentiss finds herself forced to endure a hostile interrogation after Barnes suspends her from active duty and summons her for an internal audit.
29215"Annihilator"Rob BaileyErik StillerMarch 7, 2018 (2018-03-07)13155.04[27]
With Prentiss still suspended from active duty and Reid refusing to work without her, Barnes takes the lead and joins the remaining members of the BAU as they search St. Louis for the perpetrator of a quadruple homicide. Meanwhile, Reid attempts to dissuade Prentiss from making a bold decision.
29316"Last Gasp"Adam RodriguezStephanie SenGuptaMarch 14, 2018 (2018-03-14)13165.69[28]
In the wake of Barnes' attempt to restructure the BAU, the divided team works behind her back to identify a serial abductor who photographs Washington, D.C. call girls before killing them and incinerating their bodies.
29417"The Capilanos"Matthew Gray GublerErica MesserMarch 21, 2018 (2018-03-21)13175.26[29]
When a seven-year-old child residing in Guymon, Oklahoma claims a man dressed as a clown killed his father, the BAU attempts to determine whether or not the child's statement is true.
29518"The Dance of Love"Joe MantegnaBruce ZimmermanMarch 28, 2018 (2018-03-28)13186.59[30]
When two women residing in Chicago, Illinois are stabbed to death on consecutive nights and found with a single red rose in their mouths, the BAU searches for a serial killer with unexpected motives. Meanwhile, Rossi takes personal time off after receiving a phone call from his third ex-wife Krystall (Gail O'Grady).
29619"Ex Parte"Lily MariyeChristopher BarbourApril 4, 2018 (2018-04-04)13195.90[31]
When a hostage situation takes place at a Washington, D.C. law firm, the BAU juggles resolving the situation and determining the perpetrators' motivations. Meanwhile, Simmons becomes emotionally involved in the case after learning that his wife Kristy (Kelly Frye) is one of the hostages.
29720"All You Can Eat"Diana C. ValentineKaren MaserApril 11, 2018 (2018-04-11)13205.20[32]
When two sudden deaths in Virginia are believed to be acts of bioterrorism, the BAU works with the CDC to prevent a large-scale incident from taking place. Meanwhile, Garcia reunites with her stepbrother Carlos (Sebastian Sozzi) after learning that the drunk driver who killed their parents is eligible for parole.
29821"Mixed Signals"Alec SmightErica Meredith & Erik StillerApril 18, 2018 (2018-04-18)13215.92[33]
When two people residing in Taos, New Mexico are subjected to crude lobotomies, the BAU suspects the perpetrator is obsessed with proving an inexplicable collection of phenomena exists.
29922"Believer"Glenn KershawBreen FrazierApril 18, 2018 (2018-04-18)13225.39[33]
When a former VICAP agent is found locked inside a storage unit, the BAU investigates his frantic claims of an active serial killer nicknamed "The Strangler" only to find themselves questioning everything they think they know.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating/share(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"Wheels Up"

September 27, 2017
1.3/5
7.00[13]
1.1
4.15
2.4
11.15[34]

2

"To a Better Place"

October 4, 2017
1.1/4
6.17[14]
1.1
3.98
2.2
10.15[35]

3

"Blue Angel"

October 11, 2017
1.1/4
5.87[15]
1.0
3.82
2.1
9.68[36]

4

"Killer App"

October 18, 2017
1.0/4
5.94[16]
1.1
3.87
2.1
9.81[37]

5

"Lucky Strikes"

October 25, 2017
1.0/4
5.91[17]
1.0
3.81
2.0
9.72[38]

6

"The Bunker"

November 8, 2017
0.9/3
5.50[18]
1.0
3.53
1.9
9.03[39]

7

"Dust and Bones"

November 15, 2017
1.0/4
5.64[19]
1.0
3.76
2.0
9.40[40]

8

"Neon Terror"

November 22, 2017
1.0/4
6.31[20]
1.0
3.70
2.0
10.00[41]

9

"False Flag"

December 6, 2017
0.9/4
5.34[21]
1.1
4.04
2.0
9.38[42]

10

"Submerged"

January 3, 2018
0.9/3
5.41[22]
1.1
3.93
2.0
9.37[43]

11

"Full-Tilt Boogie"

January 10, 2018
1.0/4
5.70[23]
1.1
4.13
2.1
9.83[44]

12

"Bad Moon on the Rise"

January 17, 2018
1.0/4
5.63[24]
1.1
4.02
2.1
9.65[45]

13

"Cure"

January 24, 2018
0.9/3
5.30[25]
1.1
4.12
2.0
9.42[46]

14

"Miasma"

January 31, 2018
1.0/4
5.42[26]
1.0
3.90
2.0
9.32[47]

15

"Annihilator"

March 7, 2018
0.9/3
5.05[27]
1.0
4.06
1.9
9.11[48]

16

"Last Gasp"

March 14, 2018
0.9/4
5.69[28]
1.2
4.16
2.1
9.85[49]

17

"The Capilanos"

March 21, 2018
0.9/4
5.26[29]
1.1
3.94
2.0
9.20[50]

18

"The Dance of Love"

March 28, 2018
1.1/5
6.59[30]
0.9
3.54
2.0
10.13[51]

19

"Ex Parte"

April 4, 2018
1.0/4
5.90[31]
1.0
3.71
2.0
9.62[52]

20

"All You Can Eat"

April 11, 2018
0.9/4
5.20[32]
1.0
3.94
1.9
9.14[53]

21

"Mixed Signals"

April 18, 2018
1.0/4
5.92[33]
0.8
3.05
1.8
8.97[33]

22

"Believer"

April 18, 2018
0.9/4
5.39[33]
0.8
3.35
1.7
8.74[33]

text: Home media[edit]

text:
The Complete Thirteenth Season

Set details

Special features

22 episodes
6-disc set (Region 1)
5-disc set (Region 2 & 4)
Aspect Ratio: 1.78:1
Subtitles: English
English: Dolby Digital 5.1

Getting Lucky
Bunker Mentality
Breaking Up The BAU
The Table Read: Mixed Signals
Thirteen Minds
Would You Make A Good FBI Agent?
Pilot Episode of "SEAL Team"
Pilot Episode of "Bull"
Gag Reel
Deleted Scenes

DVD release date

Region 1

Region 2

Region 4

August 28, 2018 (2018-08-28)[54]

TBA

TBA


document_title: America's Got Talent (season 12)

question_text: when is america's got talent final show 2017

question_tokens: when is america 's got talent final show 2017

root

text: America's Got Talent (season 12)

text: Season changes[edit]

text: On October 4, 2016, Simon Cowell signed a contract to remain as a judge through 2019.[10]

tag: p

text: Long-time host Nick Cannon announced, on February 13, 2017, that he would not return as host for the twelfth season, soon after he made disparaging remarks about NBC in his 2017 Showtime comedy special, Stand Up, Don't Shoot.[11] Cannon was still under contract to host, and NBC executives did not initially accept his resignation, but they ultimately searched for a new host.[12][13]

text: On March 12, 2017, NBC announced supermodel and host Tyra Banks as the host for Season 12.[3]

text: Preliminary auditions[edit]

text: The season had preliminary open call auditions in Chicago, Austin, Cleveland, Jacksonville, Philadelphia, Las Vegas, San Diego, New York City, Charleston, Memphis, and Los Angeles.[14] As in years past, prospective contestants could also submit online auditions.

text: Judges' auditions were taped in March at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Los Angeles. The premiere aired May 30, 2017.[citation needed]

text: Golden buzzer[edit]

text: The Golden Buzzer returned for its fourth consecutive season. Any act that received a golden buzzer during the preliminary auditions was sent directly to the live shows and did not compete in the Judge Cuts round. In the first episode of preliminary auditions, Mel B pressed the golden buzzer for 12-year-old singing ventriloquist Darci Lynne Farmer. In subsequent episodes, Simon Cowell pressed it for 29-year-old deaf singer Mandy Harvey, Howie Mandel chose 16-year-old former blind singer Christian Guardino, Tyra Banks pressed it for Light Balance dance crew, and Heidi Klum chose 13-year-old singer Angelina Green.[15]

text: Each Judge Cuts act that received a golden buzzer advanced to the live shows without any voting by the judges. During the Judge Cuts round, guest judges Chris Hardwick pressed his golden buzzer for 9-year old singer Angelica Hale, DJ Khaled pressed it for 21-year old singer-songwriter and guitarist Chase Goehring, Laverne Cox pressed it for 9-year old singer Celine Tam, and Seal pressed it for soul singer Johnny Manuel.[15]

text: Death of Brandon Rogers[edit]

text: On June 11, 2017, contestant Brandon Rogers died in an automobile accident. Rogers was an American physician who specialized in family medicine. Earlier in 2017, after seeing YouTube videos of Rogers singing, Boyz II Men invited him to sing with them as a guest in three of their Las Vegas shows. His successful AGT audition aired on July 11, 2017, in his memory.[16] He competed in the Judge Cuts round, but his performance in that round was not televised.[17]

text: Judge Cuts[edit]

text: The Judge Cuts round began on Tuesday, July 18, 2017. Like the previous season, one guest judge joined the judges' panel each show and was given one golden buzzer opportunity to send an act straight to the live shows. Twenty acts were shown each week and seven advanced, including the guest judge's golden buzzer choice. Guest judges were not given a red buzzer to use. Any act that received all four red buzzers was immediately eliminated from the competition. The four guest judges were Chris Hardwick, DJ Khaled, Laverne Cox, and Seal.

text: After the Judge Cuts, three wildcards were chosen from eliminated acts to perform in the live shows: Final Draft, Bello Nock and Oskar and Gaspar (who did not perform in the Judge Cuts round). All three of these acts were eliminated in the Quarterfinals.

text:
Key
 Buzzed
 Golden buzzer

  Advanced

  Quarterfinal Wildcard

  Eliminated

  Eliminated Immediately

  Advanced Immediately

tag: table

text: Week 1[edit]

text: Guest judge: Chris Hardwick

text: Date: July 18, 2017

text:
Act
Order
Performance type
Buzzes
Result

Cowell
Klum
Hardwick
Mel B
Mandel

Sara and Hero
1
Dog Act

Advanced

The Baker Family
2
Bluegrass Band

Eliminated

Mariachi Nuevo Santander
3
Mariachi Group

Eliminated

The Masqueraders
4
Vocal Group

Advanced

Eric Jennifer
5
Comedian

Eliminated

Harrison Greenbaum
6
Comedian

Eliminated

Dancing Pumpkin Man
7
Dancer

Eliminated

Tom London
8
Close-Up Magician

Eliminated

Eric Jones
9
Close-Up Magician

Advanced

Angelica Hale
10
Singer

Advanced Immediately

Danylo and Oskar
11
Acrobat Duo

Eliminated

Lera and Nika Tomanova
12
Aerial Duo

Eliminated

Yosein Chi
13
Hand Balancer

Eliminated

Darcy Callus
14
Singer And Keyboardist

Eliminated

Carlos De Antonis
15
Opera Singer

Eliminated

Canion Shijirbat
16
Digital Dancer

Eliminated

Just Jerk
17
Hip-Hop Dance Group

Advanced

Maw Kitty
18
Singer

Eliminated

The Singing Trump
19
Singing Trump Impersonator

Advanced

Demian Aditya
20
Escape Artist

Advanced

text: Week 2[edit]

text: Guest judge: DJ Khaled

text: Date: July 25, 2017

text: As of 2017, this is the only Judge Cuts episode in the show's history in which an act with at least one "X" buzzer was nevertheless promoted to the live shows. This was also the only Judge Cuts episode of the season in which an act received 4 red buzzers.

text:
Act
Order
Performance type
Buzzes
Result

Cowell
Klum
Khaled
Mel B
Mandel

Sammulous
1
Cabaret Singer

Eliminated

Steven Scott
2
Comedian

Eliminated

The Quiddlers
3
Novelty Puppet Group

Eliminated

Str8jacket
4
Dance Group

Eliminated

Solto & T Dot
5
Dance Duo

Eliminated

Junior and Emily
6
Salsa Dance Duo

Advanced

Jokgu and Aichan
7
Piano-Playing Chickens

Eliminated Immediately

Dakota Striplin
8
Singer and Guitarist

Eliminated

Chase Goehring
9
Singer and Guitarist

Advanced Immediately

Azeri Brothers
10
Danger Act

Eliminated

The Godfathers
11
Acrobat Group

Eliminated

Tulga
12
Strongman

Eliminated

Mirror Image
13
Vocal/Dance Duo

Advanced

Evie Clair
14
Singer

Advanced

Kyle Eschen
15
Magician

Eliminated

Xavier Mortimer
16
Digital Magician

Eliminated

Colin Cloud
17
Mentalist

Advanced

Pelican212
18
Family Band

Eliminated

Puddles Pity Party
19
Singing Clown

Advanced

Yoli Mayor
20
Singer

Advanced

text: Week 3[edit]

text: Guest judge: Laverne Cox

text: Date: August 1, 2017

text: This was the first Judge Cuts episode in which no acts received a red buzzer from any of the judges.

text:
Act
Order
Performance type
Buzzes
Result

Cowell
Klum
Cox
Mel B
Mandel

Oscar Hernandez
1
Dancer

Advanced

Tony and Jordan
2
Digital Magicians

Eliminated

The Naked Magicians
3
Magicians

Eliminated

Jeki Yoo
4
Magician

Eliminated

Herbie Russ
5
Singer And Saxophonist

Eliminated

Mike Yung
6
Singer

Advanced

5 Alive
7
Boy Band

Eliminated

Final Draft
8
R&B Vocal Group

Quarterfinal Wild Card

Brobots & Mandroidz
9
Hip-Hop Dance Group

Advanced

Marisa McKaye
10
Singer

Eliminated

Celine Tam
11
Singer

Advanced Immediately

Aileen George
12
Pole Dancer

Eliminated

Shemika Charles
13
Limbo Dancer

Eliminated

Jay Jay Phillips
14
Comedic Keyboardist

Eliminated

Diavolo
15
Acrobatic Dance Group

Advanced

Jonathan Rinny
16
Balancing Acrobat

Eliminated

Bello Nock
17
Comedic Daredevil

Quarterfinal Wild Card

Daniel Ferguson
18
Singing Impressionist

Eliminated

Preacher Lawson
19
Comedian

Advanced

Billy & Emily England
20
Extreme Rollerskating Duo

Advanced

text: Week 4[edit]

text: Guest judge: Seal

text: Date: August 8, 2017

text:
Act
Order
Performance type
Buzzes
Result

Cowell
Klum
Seal
Mel B
Mandel

Artyon & Paige
1
Dance Duo

Advanced

Britt Saasen
2
Singer

Eliminated

In The Stairwell
3
A Capella Group

Advanced

Will Tsai
4
Visualist

Eliminated

Henry Richardson
5
Magician

Eliminated

Elena and Sasha
6
Acrobatic Duo

Eliminated

Lost Legends
7
Dance Group

Eliminated

Nick Uhas
8
Scientist

Eliminated

Veronica Gonzalez
9
Foot Puppeteer

Eliminated

Sirqus Alfon
10
Comedy Trio

Eliminated

DaNell Daymon & Greater Works
11
Gospel Choir

Advanced

Pompeyo Family Dogs
12
Dog Act

Advanced

Johnny Manuel
13
Singer

Advanced Immediately

Maria Popazov
14
Hand Balancer / Contortionist

Eliminated

Maxim Popazov
15
Hand Balancer

Eliminated

German Cornejo Dance Company
16
Dance Group

Eliminated

The Honeybee-z Plus
17
Dance Group

Eliminated

Merrick Hanna
18
Dancer

Advanced

Kechi Okwuchi
19
Singer

Advanced

Brandon Rogers
N/A
Singer

Did Not Advance[note 1][17]

text: Jump up ^ Rogers competed in this round before he died, but his performance was omitted from the episode.

tag: ol

text: Quarterfinals[edit]

text: The quarterfinals were broadcast live from the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles starting on August 15, 2017. They featured the nine golden buzzer acts, the 24 other acts promoted during the Judge Cuts round, and three wildcard acts chosen by the producers and judges. Twelve acts performed each week, with results announced the on following nights; each week seven acts were sent through to the semifinals.[18] Puddles Pity Party and Mirror Image received an "X" in the Quarterfinals. Demian Aditya received "X's" by Mel B and Cowell in the second Quarterfinals.

text:
Key
 Buzzed

  Advanced

 Judges' Choice

  Won Judges' Choice

  Lost Judges' Choice

  Dunkin' Save

  Judges' Wildcard

text: Week 1 (August 15–16)[edit]

text: Guests: Grace VanderWaal, August 16[19]

text:
Act
Order
Performance Type
Buzzes and judges' choices
Result

Cowell
Klum
Mel B
Mandel

Christian Guardino
1
Singer

Dunkin' Save

Artyon & Paige
2
Dancing Duo

Eliminated

In The Stairwell
3
A Cappella Group

Advanced

The Singing Trump
4
Singing Donald Trump Impersonator

Eliminated

Angelica Hale
5
Singer

Advanced

Bello Nock
6
Comedic Daredevil

Eliminated

Just Jerk1
7
Hip-Hop Dance Group

Lost Judges' Choice

Puddles Pity Party
8
Singing Clown

Eliminated

Preacher Lawson
9
Comedian

Advanced

Yoli Mayor1
10
Singer

Won Judges' Choice

Billy & Emily England
11
Extreme Rollerskating Duo

Advanced

Darci Lynne Farmer
12
Singing Ventriloquist

Advanced

text: ^1 After the judges split evenly in the Judges' Choice, Yoli Mayor was announced to have received more of America's votes than Just Jerk, and she advanced to the semi-finals.

text: Week 2 (August 22–23)[edit]

text: Guests: Circus 1903, August 23[20]

text:
Act
Order
Performance type
Buzzes and judges' choices
Result

Cowell
Klum
Mel B
Mandel

Brobots & Mandroidz
1
Hip-Hop Dance Group

Eliminated

Celine Tam
2
Singer

Advanced

Mirror Image
3
Vocal Dance Duo

Eliminated

Johnny Manuel
4
Singer

Advanced

Merrick Hanna
5
Dancer

Advanced

Eric Jones1
6
Close-up Magician

Won Judges' Choice

The Masqueraders1
7
Vocal Group

Lost Judges' Choice

Light Balance2
8
Light-Up Dance Group

Advanced

Evie Clair
9
Singer

Dunkin' Save

Demian Aditya3
10
Escape Artist

Eliminated

Pompeyo Family Dogs
11
Dog Act

Wild Card

Mandy Harvey
12
Singer-Songwriter/Ukulelist

Advanced

text: ^1 After the judges split evenly in the Judges' Choice, Eric Jones was announced to have received more of America's votes than The Masqueraders, and he advanced to the semi-finals.

text: ^2 Due to a technical issue, Light Balance's performance was based on their dress rehearsal.[21]

text: ^3 Another technical issue occurred when the sealed box Aditya was in didn't fall as planned.[22]

text: Week 3 (August 29–30)[edit]

text: Guests: Mat Franco, Piff the Magic Dragon, and Jon Dorenbos, August 30[23][24]

text:
Act
Order
Performance Type
Buzzes and judges' choices
Result

Cowell
Klum
Mel B
Mandel

DaNell Daymon & Greater Works
1
Gospel Choir

Won Judges' Choice

Junior and Emily Alabi
2
Salsa Dance Duo

Eliminated

Final Draft
3
Vocal Group

Eliminated

Oscar Hernandez
4
Dancer

Eliminated

Angelina Green
5
Singer

Lost Judges' Choice

Colin Cloud
6
Mentalist

Dunkin' Save

Mike Yung
7
Singer

Advanced

Oskar and Gaspar
8
Videomapping Act

Eliminated

Sara and Hero 1
9
Dog Act

Advanced

Chase Goehring
10
Singer-Songwriter/Guitarist

Advanced

Diavolo
11
Acrobatic Dance Group

Advanced

Kechi Okwuchi
12
Singer

Advanced

text: ^1 Sara added another dog named Loki in her act. Loki performed throughout the rest of the competition.

text: Semifinals[edit]

text: The live semifinals started on September 5, 2017. They featured the 21 acts voted to the semifinals, plus the judges' semifinal wildcard pick. Each week, eleven acts performed; five went through to the finals, and six were eliminated. No acts were buzzed.

text:
Key

  Advanced

 Judges' Choice

  Won Judges' Choice

  Lost Judges' Choice

  Dunkin' Save

text: Week 1 (September 5–6)[edit]

text: Guests: The Clairvoyants[25]

text:
Act
Order
Performance Description
Judges' choices
Result

Cowell
Klum
Mel B
Mandel

Yoli Mayor
1
Singer; performed "Say You Won't Let Go" by James Arthur

Eliminated

Eric Jones
2
Close-up magician: The judges are seated on the stage. A $2 bill in Eric's hand turns into 4 coins. Simon hands him a signed hundred-dollar bill in exchange for the 4 coins. He shakes the coins together between his palms, and one of the coins disappears. Eric gives Heidi the three coins, asks her to focus on one of them, and makes that coin disappear. Howie holds the two coins between his thumb and middle finger, and when he drops them, only one coin remains. Eric then places it onto Mel B's hand, teleports it to her shoulder, and that coin disappears as well. All four coins are found under Simon's 100-dollar bill, and Eric changes them into the $2 bill.

Lost Judges' Choice

DaNell Daymon & Greater Works1
3
Gospel choir; performed "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" by Aerosmith

Eliminated

Preacher Lawson
4
Comedian; laments being single, explains why he broke up with his ex-girlfriend, Tyra, and worries about passing his big lips on to his future offspring. He ends with a joke about his reaction to his 4-year-old cousin calling him ugly.

Advanced

Johnny Manuel
5
Singer; performed an original song called "Blind Faith"

Eliminated

Billy and Emily England
6
Extreme rollerblading duo: rollerblades on a high platform in which Emily hangs on to Billy in several positions while they spin around. Billy then flings Emily off the edge of the platform into the jaws of animated dragons.

Eliminated

Evie Clair
7
Singer; performs "Yours" by Ella Henderson

Dunkin' Save

Sara & Hero
8
Dog act: Hero pretended to perform CPR on Sara before she "revives" and they play volleyball together. Guest performer Loki, Sara's younger dog, circles backwards around a standing Hero, who then gets on a skateboard and catches frisbees. Sara and Loki get on a surfboard, and then Hero jumps through a hoop before Sara jumps through the hoop with Hero. The act ends with Loki in Sara's arms.

Advanced

Chase Goehring1
9
Singer-songwriter/Guitarist; performed an original song called "What Is Love".

Won Judges' Choice

Darci Lynne Farmer
10
Singing ventriloquist's puppet, Edna Doorknocker, complains about being stuck in the elevator with The Singing Trump, while gushing about Simon. She then sings "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" by Aretha Franklin to him, eventually cuddling a blushing Simon.

Advanced

Mike Yung1
11
Singer; performed "Don't Give Up on Me" by Solomon Burke

Eliminated

text: ^1 Chase Goehring, DaNell Daymon & Greater Works, and Mike Yung were not initially announced as performing on week one of semifinals.

text: Week 2 (September 12–13)[edit]

text:
Act
Order
Performance Description
Judges' choices
Result

Cowell
Klum
Mel B
Mandel

Celine Tam
1
Singer; performed "How Far I'll Go" from Moana.

Eliminated

Colin Cloud
2
Mentalist; printed thousands of tweets collected from the public, each listing a random celebrity, city and object, on cards (each containing a couple dozen of the tweets) distributed to the live audience members. Judges collected some of the cards from the audience at random. Mel B selected one card from these, and Heidi chose one tweet on the card at random, which contained a unique list: Ellen, Rome, cheese. Cloud demonstrated with prerecorded video snippets of himself and the judges that he had correctly predicted the list. A picture on stage, when flipped upside down, gave the same list in reverse order.

2

Lost Judges' Choice

Christian Guardino
3
Singer; performed "What's Going On" by Marvin Gaye.

Eliminated

In the Stairwell
4
A Cappella Group; performed "Castle on the Hill" by Ed Sheeran

Eliminated

Merrick Hanna1
5
Dancer; performed robot-themed urban dance routine that involved some flying.

Eliminated

Mandy Harvey1
6
Singer; performed an original song, "Release Me", while translating the song into American Sign Language.

Advanced

Pompeyo Family Dogs
7
Dog Act; dogs of varying sizes, dressed as Arctic/Antarctic animals such as a polar bear and penguins, performed agility and acrobatic tricks including walking and handstanding on two legs, sometimes in size order, leaping through hoops and over humans, jumping rope with a human and climbing a ladder.

Eliminated

Diavolo
8
Acrobatic Dance Group; dancers rose into the air hanging artfully, or climbing on, and leaping from, various moving, transforming apparatuses, with a post-apocalyptic or futuristic theme.

2

Won Judges' Choice

Kechi Okwuchi
9
Singer; performed "Don't Worry About Me" by Frances.

Dunkin' Save

Light Balance
10
Light-Up Dance Group; urban dance employing darkness and chromatic lights on set and costumes with a video game effect.

Advanced

Angelica Hale
11
Singer; performed "Without You" by David Guetta

Advanced

text: ^1 Merrick Hanna and Mandy Harvey were switched to perform on Week 2 although they were on the Week 1 promo.

text: ^2 Klum's voting intention was not revealed.

text: Finals[edit]

text: The final performances took place on September 19, followed by the final results show on September 20, 2017. No acts were buzzed.

text:
Key

  Advanced to the top 5

  Top 10

text:
Act
Order
Performance Description
Result

Angelica Hale
1
Singer; performed "Symphony" by Clean Bandit featuring Zara Larsson.
Advanced

Chase Goehring
2
Singer-Songwriter/Guitarist; performed an original song called "Mirror".
Top 10

Sara and Hero
3
Dog Act; Hero freed Sara from a glass cube by pressing a button. Hero danced around Sara's legs before Loki ran out and performed alongside Hero. Hero balanced on Sara's feet and put his front legs in the air. Loki jumped over obstacles and ran through a tube, then Loki jumped rope, with Sara and Hero holding the ends. Hero jumped on his hind legs with Sara, then Sara made hoops with her hands for Loki to jump through. The act ended with Hero running up a ramp and jumping high through the air over a ball pit to grab a dangling bone.
Advanced

Diavolo
4
Dance/Acrobat Crew; Two acrobats danced around a door before opening it up to reveal acrobats dancing, jumping and sliding on ramps. They then transferred to a large rocking apparatus, climbing on and leaping off of it, and catching each other, with themes of fire and thunder in the background.
Top 10

Evie Clair
5
Singer; performed "What a Wonderful World" by Louis Armstrong.
Top 10

Preacher Lawson
6
Stand-Up Comedian; recalled an interaction on the street with a mostly naked man who proclaimed "Black Power" despite being white. He said the man asked to borrow $75, and noted that the man would definitely use it for drugs. He then performed an energetic physical bit, imitating the man by shaking and repeating the same phrase over and over. He ended by making a meta observation that while some audience members die laughing from this joke, others say, "How long is he gonna do this for?"
Top 10

Kechi Okwuchi
7
Singer; performed "Conqueror" by Estelle.
Top 10

Darci Lynne Farmer
8
Singing Ventriloquist; puppets Oscar and Petunia bickered over who should sing for the Finals. The two puppets then told Darci to keep her mouth closed while they both performed a version of "With a Little Help from My Friends" by The Beatles.
Advanced

Mandy Harvey
9
Singer-Songwriter/Ukeleleist; performed an original song called "This Time".
Advanced

Light Balance
10
Light-Up Dance Group; urban dance with chromatic lights. At the beginning, echoing the group's past performances, a dancer in a top hat sat on a chair (Preliminary auditions), followed by a werewolf (Quarterfinals) that seemingly tore one of the android dancers in half, although its top and bottom halves soon rejoined, and ended with a person resembling a video game character (Semifinals).
Advanced

text: Finale[edit]

text: Guest performers in the finale included Kelly Clarkson, Shania Twain, James Arthur, Derek Hough and Terry Fator.[8] Other celebrity appearances included Marlee Matlin.[26]

text: The following chart describes the acts, appearances and segments presented during the finale.

text:
Act(s)
Performance Description

Angelica Hale & Kechi Okwuchi
Singers; Guest performer Kelly Clarkson sang, with the two contestants, a trio of her song "Stronger".

Chase Goehring
Singer-Songwriter/Guitarist; Guest performer James Arthur sang a duet with Goehring of his song '"Say You Won't Let Go".

Sara and Hero
Dog Act; Instead of performing an act, Sara worked to train the Judges' dogs to perform several tricks.

Diavolo
Dance/Acrobat Crew; performed in a space-like setting with asteroids crashing into each other in the background and the dancers jumping off of a moon-like structure.

Evie Clair
Singer; Guest performer James Arthur performed a duet with Clair of her song "Okay Day".

Preacher Lawson
Comedian; Clips were shown of Lawson performing at the Laugh Factory with Judge Howie Mandel and Kevin Nealon.

Darci Lynne Farmer
Singing Ventriloquist; Guest performer Terry Fator, with his turtle puppet, Winston, joked around with Farmer and her bunny, Petunia. The two puppets then performed the comic song "Anything You Can Do".

Mandy Harvey
Singer-Songwriter/Ukeleleist; Guest performer Shania Twain sang a duet with Harvey of Twain's song "You're Still The One".

Light Balance
Light-Up Dance Group; Guest performer Derek Hough led the group in a dance routine similar to the group's preliminary auditions routine.

text:
Key

  1st place (Winner)

  2nd place (Runner-up)

  3rd place

  4th place

  5th place

text:
Act
Result

Darci Lynne Farmer
Winner

Angelica Hale
Runner-Up

Light Balance
3rd place

Mandy Harvey
4th place

Sara and Hero
5th place

text: Top 36 acts[edit]

text:
Key
     Winner
     Runner-up
     Third Place
     Top 5
     Finalist
     Semifinalist (lost judges' vote)
     Semifinalist (lost audience vote)
     Quarterfinalist (lost judges' vote)
     Quarterfinalist (lost audience vote)
 Golden buzzer (Auditions)
 Golden buzzer (Judge Cuts)
 Judges' wild card (quarterfinals)
 Judges' wild card (semifinals)

text:
Name of Act
Age(s)
Genre
Act
Hometown
Quarterfinal
Semifinal
Result

Darci Lynne Farmer
12
Comedy & Singing
Singing Ventriloquist
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
1
1
Winner

Angelica Hale
9
Singing
Singer
Atlanta, Georgia
1
2
Runner-Up

Light Balance
22-36
Dance
Light-Up Dance Group
Ukraine
2
2
3rd Place

Mandy Harvey
29
Singing
Singer-Songwriter/Ukulelist
St. Cloud, Florida
2
2
4th Place

Sara and Hero
22 & 5
Animal
Dog Act
North Bay, Ontario, Canada
3
1
5th Place

Chase Goehring
21
Singing
Singer-Songwriter/Guitarist
Nolensville, Tennessee
3
1
Finalist (Won Judges' Vote)

Diavolo
21-39
Acrobatics
Acrobatic Dance Group
Los Angeles, California
3
2
Finalist (Won Judges' Vote)

Evie Clair
13
Singing
Singer
Florence, Arizona
2
1
Finalist (Won Dunkin' Save Vote)

Kechi Okwuchi
27
Singing
Singer
Houston, Texas
3
2
Finalist (Won Dunkin' Save Vote)

Preacher Lawson
25
Comedy
Stand-up Comedian
Memphis, Tennessee
1
1
Finalist (Won Audience Vote)

Colin Cloud
30
Magic
Mentalist
Edinburgh, Scotland
3
2
Semifinalist (Lost Judges' Vote)

Eric Jones
36
Magic
Close-up Magician
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
2
1
Semifinalist (Lost Judges' Vote)

Billy & Emily England
30, 27
Danger
Extreme Rollerskating Duo
Las Vegas, Nevada
1
1
Eliminated

Celine Tam
9
Singing
Singer
Hong Kong
2
2
Eliminated

Christian Guardino
16
Singing
Singer
Patchogue, New York
1
2
Eliminated

DaNell Daymon & Greater Works
24-59
Singing
Gospel Choir
Various
3
1
Eliminated

In The Stairwell
18-22
Singing
A Cappella Group
Colorado Springs, Colorado
1
2
Eliminated

Johnny Manuel
32
Singing
Singer
Flint, Michigan
2
1
Eliminated

Merrick Hanna
12
Dance
Dancer
Encinitas, California
2
2
Eliminated

Mike Yung
56
Singing
Singer
New York, New York
3
1
Eliminated

Pompeyo Family Dogs
7-35
Animal
Dog Act
Sarasota, Florida
2
2
Eliminated

Yoli Mayor
21
Singing
Singer
Miami, Florida
1
1
Eliminated

Angelina Green
13
Singing
Singer
Miami, Florida
3
N/A
Quarterfinalist (lost judges' vote)

Just Jerk
18-27
Dance
Hip-Hop Dance Group
Seoul, South Korea
1
N/A
Quarterfinalist (lost judges' vote)

The Masqueraders
72-74
Singing
Vocal Group
Nashville, Tennessee
2
N/A
Quarterfinalist (lost judges' vote)

Artyon & Paige
9 & 8
Dance
Dancing Duo
Murrieta, California
1
N/A
Eliminated

Bello Nock
47
Danger
Comedic Daredevil
Sarasota, Florida
1
N/A
Eliminated

Brobots & Mandroidz
16-24
Dance
Hip-Hop Dance Group
Torrance, California
2
N/A
Eliminated

Demian Aditya
36
Magic
Escape Artist
Jakarta, Indonesia
2
N/A
Eliminated

Final Draft
22-26
Singing
Vocal Group
Atlanta, Georgia
3
N/A
Eliminated

Junior and Emily
31 & 27
Dance
Salsa Dance Duo
Los Angeles, California
3
N/A
Eliminated

Mirror Image
16
Singing & Dance
Vocal Dance Duo
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
2
N/A
Eliminated

Oscar Hernandez
34
Dance
Dancer
Orange County, California
3
N/A
Eliminated

Oskar and Gaspar
Unknown
Variety
Videomapping Act
Unknown
3
N/A
Eliminated

Puddles Pity Party
52
Singing
Singing Clown
Atlanta, Georgia
1
N/A
Eliminated

The Singing Trump
56
Comedy & Singing
Singing Trump Impersonator
Palm Springs, California[27]
1
N/A
Eliminated

text: Ratings[edit]

text: U.S. Nielsen ratings[edit]

text:
Show
Episode title
First air date
Timeslot (EDT)
Rating
(18–49)
Share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
Nightly
Rank
Weekly
Rank

1
Auditions Week 1
May 30, 2017
Tuesday
8:00 p.m.
2.7
11
12.32[28]
1
3[29]

2
Auditions Week 2
June 6, 2017
2.7
11
12.53[30]
1
3[31]

3
Auditions Week 3
June 13, 2017
2.6
11
12.70[32]
1
2[33]

4
Auditions Week 4
June 20, 2017
2.6
11
12.74[34]
1
1[35]

5
Auditions Week 5
June 27, 2017
2.5
10
12.36[36]
1
1[37]

6
Auditions Week 6
July 11, 2017
2.5
10
12.59[38]
1
1[39]

7
Judge Cuts 1
July 18, 2017
2.5
11
12.57[40]
1
1[41]

8
Judge Cuts 2
July 25, 2017
2.6
11
13.08[42]
1
1[43]

9
Judge Cuts 3
August 1, 2017
2.8
12
13.33[44]
1
1[45]

10
Judge Cuts 4
August 8, 2017
2.7
11
13.32[46]
1
1[47]

11
Quarterfinals, Week 1 (Performances)
August 15, 2017
2.8
11
13.44[48]
1
1[49]

12
Quarterfinals, Week 1 (Results)
August 16, 2017
Wednesday 8:00 p.m.
2.1
9
10.89[50]
1
2[49]

13
Quarterfinals, Week 2 (Performances)
August 22, 2017
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
2.6
10
12.76[51]
1
1[52]

14
Quarterfinals, Week 2 (Results)
August 23, 2017
Wednesday 8:00 p.m.
2.0
9
10.84[53]
1
2[52]

15
Quarterfinals, Week 3 (Performances)
August 29, 2017
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
2.6
11
13.13[54]
1
2[55]

16
Quarterfinals, Week 3 (Results)
August 30, 2017
Wednesday 8:00 p.m.
1.9
8
11.07[56]
1
3[55]

17
Semifinals, Week 1 (Performances)
September 5, 2017
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
2.6
10
13.29[57]
1
3[58]

18
Semifinals, Week 1 (Results)
September 6, 2017
Wednesday 8:00 p.m.
2.1
8
11.99[59]
1
6[58]

19
Semifinals, Week 2 (Performances)
September 12, 2017
Tuesday 9:00 p.m.[note 1]
2.3
9
11.57[60]
1
3[61]

20
Semifinals, Week 2 (Results)
September 13, 2017
Wednesday 8:00 p.m.
2.1
8
11.59[62]
1
2[61]

21
The Finals
September 19, 2017
Tuesday 8:00 p.m.
3.0
12
14.70[63]
1
4[64]

22
Season Finale
September 20, 2017
Wednesday 8:00 p.m.
3.0
11
15.64[65]
1
2[64]

text: Jump up ^ This episode was delayed by one hour to follow Hand in Hand: A Benefit for Hurricane Relief.

text: Specials[edit]

text:
Show
Episode title
First air date
Timeslot (EDT)
Rating
(18–49)
Share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
Nightly
Rank
Weekly
Rank

S1
Best of Season 12 Auditions
July 13, 2017
Thursday 8:00 p.m.
1.3
6
7.10[66]
2
10[39]

S2
Road to Finals[67]
August 9, 2017
Wednesday 8:00 p.m.
1.3
6
7.01[68]
2
8[47]

text: Contestants who appeared on other seasons or shows[edit]

text:
Demian Aditya appeared as a guest performer on Indonesia's Got Talent.
German Cornejo & Gisela Galeassi ("German Cornejo Dance Company") appeared on and were the tango dancer winners of ¡Q'Viva! The Chosen in 2012, performing after the show in Las Vegas with ¡Q'Viva! The Chosen Live. They also were guest artists in Buenos Aires at the Dance Again World Tour by Jennifer Lopez.
Ezequiel Lopez ("German Cornejo Dance Company") appeared on and was one of the malambo dancer winners of ¡Q'Viva! The Chosen in 2012.
Canion Shijirbat appeared on and was the runner-up of Mongolia's Got Talent in 2016. He appeared on Asia's Got Talent a few months after America’s Got Talent and was given a Golden Buzzer by the hosts.
Nick Uhas was a houseguest on Big Brother 15 and was the second houseguest evicted from the house.
Merrick Hanna auditioned for So You Think You Can Dance: The Next Generation. He made it into the top 40 at Dance Academy, but was eliminated before reaching the top 30.[69] He has also appeared as a lip sync battler on Nickelodeon's Lip Sync Battle Shorties and on The Ellen DeGeneres Show.[70]
Artyon, half of the dancing duo Artyon and Paige, appeared as a lip sync battler on Nickelodeon's Lip Sync Battle Shorties.
Darci Lynne Farmer appeared on Little Big Shots in 2016 and on Little Big Shots (UK TV series) in 2017.
Billy and Emily England appeared on Britain's Got Talent (series 9) and reached the Semifinals. In 2008, Emily was the runner-up on Big Brother UK: Celebrity Hijack, competing under the name of "Emilia."
Tony and Jordan ("The French Twins") appeared on series 11 of La France a un incroyable talent(the French version of Got Talent) in 2016.
Chase Goehring appeared on The X Factor (U.S. season 3).
Christian Guardino appeared on Showtime at the Apollo in 2016.
Light Balance appeared on Britain's Got Talent (series 8) and reached the Semifinals.
Junior and Emily appeared on Season 3 of America's Got Talent, but were eliminated before the live shows.
Shemika Charles appeared on Season 6 of America's Got Talent, but was eliminated during Vegas week.
Celine Tam appeared on Little Big Shots in 2016 and Britain's Got Talent (series 10) but had to drop out due to a visa issue.
Vinny Grosso ("The Naked Magician") previously appeared on "Penn and Teller: Fool Us", performing the same routine as his AGT Audition, and successfully fooling the magic duo.
The Quiddlers participated in the third season and appeared on I Can Do That, performing with Ciara and Nicole Scherzinger during their time on the show.
Eric Jones previously appeared on "Penn and Teller: Fool us, and he was successful in fooling them. Kyle Eschen & Xavier Mortimer also appeared on Fool Us (Mortimer twice), but were unsuccessful in fooling Penn & Teller.
Xavier Mortimer auditioned in Season 10, but was eliminated at the judge cuts after receiving four buzzers.
Pelican 212 appeared on Little Big Shots in 2016.
Kyle Eschen appeared on Season 3, episode 2 of Penn & Teller: Fool Us, Masters of Illusion, and The World Magic Awards.
Colin Cloud appeared on Britain's Got Talent in 2012, but he did not make it through to the live semifinals. Cloud also appeared on Season 1 of Penn and Teller Fool Us. His trick didn't however fool Penn and Teller. At both BGT and Penn and Teller Fool Us he went under his real name Colin McLeod.

tag: ul


document_title: The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (song)

question_text: who wrote the moon is a harsh mistress

question_tokens: who wrote the moon is a harsh mistress

text: The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress (song)

text: "The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress" (sometimes titled as "The Moon's a Harsh Mistress") is a song by American songwriter Jimmy Webb. It has become a much-recorded standard, without ever having charted as a single. Webb appropriated the title from the 1966 science fiction novel The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress by Robert A. Heinlein.[1] The song is especially associated with Glen Campbell, who performed the song on his farewell tour,[2] Judy Collins, and Joe Cocker, who first recorded the song in 1974.

text: The song is commonly presented in the key of G (to B♭). The song structure consists of three seven-line verses and a two-line coda. The first two verses have a rhyme scheme of AABACDC. The third verse modulates three half steps (from G to B♭), with the rhyme scheme altered to ABABCDC, and the coda repeating the DC. The time signature of the song is common time with the lines introduced between the second and third beat.

text: In a 2009 interview with Lisa Torem for Penny Black Music, Jimmy Webb talked about the influence of Robert Heinlein and the song's title:

text: Robert Heinlein, was a kind of early mentor of mine. I started reading his books when I was eight years old. ... I guess I was really getting more of my education out of science-fiction than out of public school. I was reading Ray Bradbury and Isaac Asimov and learning a great deal about the patois of the language itself and how these words were being used to create emotions. I was learning this from writers without even knowing it. ... "The Moon is a Harsh Mistress" was one of the best titles I've ever heard in my life. I really am guilty of appropriating something from another writer. In this case I had contact with Robert A. Heinlein's attorneys. I said, 'I want to write a song with the title, "The Moon is a Harsh Mistress". Can you ask Mr. Heinlein if it's okay with him?' They called me back and he said he had no objection to it.[1]

text: Since Joe Cocker's first recording of the song in 1974, "The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress" has been recorded by a variety of artists, from traditional renditions by female singers such as Judy Collins, Linda Ronstadt, and Joan Baez, to versions by male singers such as Joe Cocker, Glen Campbell, and Michael Feinstein. Webb recorded the song twice, in 1977 for his El Mirage album, and again in 1996 for his Ten Easy Pieces album. The song has attracted a wide range of artists, including the Norwegian singer Radka Toneff, who recorded the song on her 1982 album Fairytales, which in a 2011 poll of Norwegian musicians was voted the best Norwegian album ever.[3] Various instrumental versions have also been recorded, including the 1997 version by Charlie Haden and Pat Metheny on the album Beyond the Missouri Sky (Short Stories), which won a Grammy for Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group.

text: Recorded versions[edit]

text: This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this article to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (January 2016)

text:
Joe Cocker on his album I Can Stand a Little Rain (1974)[4]
Glen Campbell on his album Reunion: The Songs of Jimmy Webb (1974)[4]
Judy Collins on her album Judith (1975)[4]
Jeannie Lewis on her album Tears of Steel & the Clowning Calaveras (1975)[4]
Jimmy Webb on his album El Mirage (1977)[4]
Erick Nelson & Michele Pillar on their album "The Misfit" (1979)
Radka Toneff and Steve Dobrogosz on the album Fairytales (1982)[4]
Linda Ronstadt on her album Get Closer (1982)[4]
Joan Baez on her album Recently (1987)[4]
Jimmy Webb on his album Ten Easy Pieces (1996)[4]
Pat Metheny and Charlie Haden on their Jazz album Beyond The Missouri Sky (1997)[4]
Grażyna Auguścik on her album The River (2001)[4]
Michael Feinstein on his album Only One Life: The Songs of Jimmy Webb (2003)[4]
Tone Damli on her album Bliss (2005)[4]
Karrin Allyson on her album Wild for You (2006)[4]
Albert Lee on his album Road Runner (2006)[4]
Aleksandra & the Belgian Sweets on their album Island Girl (2008)[4]
Maureen McGovern on her album A Long and Winding Road (2008)[4]
Celtic Woman (soloed by Lisa Kelly) on their album Celtic Woman: Songs from the Heart (2010)[4]
Nick Haywood Quartet on the album "1234" (2010)
Nils Landgren on his album The Moon, the Stars, and You (2011)[4]
Silje Nergaard on her album Unclouded (2012)[5]
Josh Groban on his album All That Echoes (2013)[4]
Rita Marcotulli & Luciano Biondini on their album La strada invisibile (2014)[4]


document_title: Pokhran-II

question_text: who was india president when india do its first nuclear test

text: Pokhran-II

text: India's nuclear bomb project[edit]

text: Efforts towards building the nuclear bomb, infrastructure, and research on related technologies have been undertaken by India since World War II. Origins of India's nuclear program dates back to 1944 when nuclear physicist Homi Bhabha began persuading the Indian Congress towards the harnessing of nuclear energy— a year later he established the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR).

text: In 1950s, the preliminary studies were carried out at the BARC and plans were developed to produce plutonium and other bomb components. In 1962, India and China engaged in the disputed northern front, and was further intimidated with Chinese nuclear test in 1964. Direction towards militarisation of the nuclear program slowed down when Vikram Sarabhai became its head and little interest of Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1965.

text: After Indira Gandhi became Prime Minister in 1966, the nuclear program was consolidated when physicist Raja Ramanna joined the efforts. Another nuclear test by China eventually led to India's decision toward building nuclear weapons in 1967 and conducted its first nuclear test, Smiling Buddha, in 1974.[6]

text: Post-Smiling Buddha[edit]

text: Responding to Smiling Buddha, the Nuclear Suppliers Group severely affected the India's nuclear program.[7] The world's major nuclear powers imposed technological embargo on India and Pakistan, which was technologically racing to meet with India's challenge.[7] The nuclear program struggled for years to gain credibility and its progress crippled by the lack of indigenous resources and dependent on imported technology and technical assistance.[7] At IAEA, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared that India's nuclear program was not militarising despite authorising preliminary work on the hydrogen bomb design.[7]

text: As an aftermath of the state emergency in 1975 that resulted in the collapse of the Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's government, the nuclear program was left with a vacuum of political leadership and even basic management.[7] Work on the hydrogen bomb design continued under M. Srinivasan, a mechanical engineer, but progress was slow.[7]

text: The nuclear program received little attention from Prime Minister Morarji Desai who was renowned for his peace advocacy.[7]  In 1978, Prime Minister Desai transferred physicist Ramanna to Indian MoD, and his government was not entirely without progress in nuclear program and had the program continue to grow at a desirable rate.[7][8]

text: Disturbing news came from Pakistan when the world discovered the Pakistan's clandestine atomic bomb program.[7] Contrary to India's nuclear program, Pakistan's atomic bomb program was akin to United States's Manhattan Project, it was under military oversight with civilian scientists in charge of the scientific aspects of the program.[7]  The Pakistani atomic bomb program was well funded and organised by then; India realised that Pakistan was likely to succeed in its project in matter of two years.[7]

text: In 1980, the general elections marked the return of Indira Gandhi and the nuclear program began to gain momentum under Ramanna in 1981. Requests for additional nuclear tests were continued to be denied by the government when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi saw Pakistan began exercising the brinkmanship, though the nuclear program continued to advance.[7] Initiation towards hydrogen bomb began as well as the launch of the missile programme began under Late president Dr. Abdul Kalam, who was then an aerospace engineer.[7]

text: Political momentum: 1988–1998[edit]

text: In 1989, the general elections witnessed the Janata Dal party led by V.P. Singh, forming the government.[9] Prime Minister V.P. Singh down played the relations with the Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto whose Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) won the general elections in 1988. Foreign relations between India and Pakistan began to severely worsen when India began charging Pakistan of supporting the militancy in Jammu and Kashmir.[9] During this time, the missile program succeeded in the development of the Prithvi missiles.

text: Successive governments in India decided to observe this temporary moratorium for fear of inviting international criticism.[7] The Indian public had been supportive towards the nuclear tests which ultimately led Prime Minister Narasimha Rao deciding to conduct further tests in 1995.[9] Plans were halted after American spy satellites picked up signs of preparations for nuclear testing at Pokhran Test Range in Rajasthan.[9] President Bill Clinton and his administration exerted enormous pressure on Prime Minister Narasimha Rao to stop the preparations.[9] Responding to India, Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto issued harsh and severe statements against India on Pakistan's news channels; thus putting stress on the relations between two countries.[10]

text: Diplomatic tension escalated between two countries when Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto raised the Kashmir issue at the United Nations in 1995[11][12].[13] In a speech delivered by then-Speaker National Assembly Yousaf Raza Gillani, stressed the "Kashmir issue" as continue to endanger the peace and security in the region.[13] The Indian delegation headed by Atal Bihari Vajpayee at the United Nations, reiterated that the "UN resolutions only call upon Pakistan— the occupying force to vacate the "Jammu and Kashmir Area."[13]

text: 1998 Indian general elections[edit]

text: The BJP, came to power in 1998 general elections with an exclusive public mandate.[4] BJP's political might had been growing steadily in strength over the past decade over several issues.

text: In Pakistan, the similar conservative force, the PML(N), was also in power with an exclusive mandate led by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif who defeated the leftist PPP led by Benazir Bhutto in general elections held in 1997.[14] During the BJP campaign, Atal Bihari Vajpayee indulged in grandstanding— such as when he declared on 25 February that his government would "take back that part of Kashmir that is under Pakistan's control."[4] Before this declaration, the BJP platform had clear intention to "exercise the option to induct nuclear weapons" and "India should become an openly nuclear power to garner the respect on the world stage that India deserved."[4] By 18 March 1998, Vajpayee had publicly begun his lobbying for nuclear explosion and declared that "there is no compromise on national security; all options including the nuclear options will be exercised to protect security and sovereignty."[4]

text: Consultation began between Prime Minister Vajpayee, Dr.Abdul Kalam, R. Chidambaram and officials of the Indian DAE on nuclear options. Chidambaram briefed Prime Minister Vajpayee extensively on the nuclear program; Abdul Kalam presented the status of the missile program. On 28 March 1998, Prime Minister Vajpayee asked the scientists to make preparations in the shortest time possible, and preparations were hastily made.[15]

text: It was time of tense atmosphere when Pakistan, at a Conference on Disarmament, offered a peace rhetoric agreement with India for "an equal and mutual restraint in conventional, missile and nuclear fields."[4] Pakistan's equation was later reemphasised on 6 April and the momentum in India for nuclear tests began to build up which strengthened Vajpayee's position to order the tests.[4]

text: Preparations for the test[edit]

text: Unlike Pakistan's weapon–testing laboratories, there was very little that India could do to hide its activity at Pokhran.[16] Contrary to high-altitude granite mountains in Pakistan, the bushes are sparse and the dunes in the Rajasthan Desert don't provide much cover from probing satellites.[16] The Indian intelligence had been aware of United States spy satellites and the American CIA had been detecting Indian test preparations since 1995; therefore, the tests required complete secrecy in India and also needed to avoid detection by other countries.[16] The 58th Engineer Regiment of Indian Army's Corps of Engineers was commissioned to prepare the test sites without being probed by the United States spy satellites. The 58th Engineer's commander Colonel Gopal Kaushik supervised the test preparations and ordered his "staff officers take all measures to ensure total secrecy."[16]

text: Extensive planning was done by a very small group of scientists, senior military officers and senior politicians to ensure that the test preparations would remain secret, and even senior members of the Indian government didn't know what was going on. The chief scientific adviser and the Director of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Dr. Abdul Kalam, and Dr. R. Chidambaram, the Director of the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), were the chief coordinators of this test planning.[4] The scientists and engineers of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMDER), and the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) were involved in the nuclear weapon assembly, layout, detonation and obtaining test data.[4] A very small group of senior scientists were involved in the detonation process, all scientists were required to wear army uniforms to preserve the secrecy of the tests. Since 1995, the 58th Engineer Regiment had learned to avoid satellite detection.[4] Work was mostly done during night, and equipment was returned to the original place to give the impression that it was never moved.[4]

text: Bomb shafts were dug under camouflage netting and the dug-out sand was shaped like dunes. Cables for sensors were covered with sand and concealed using native vegetation.[4] Scientists would not depart for Pokhran in groups of two or three.[4] They travelled to destinations other than Pokhran under pseudonyms, and were then transported by the army. Technical staff at the test range wore military uniform, to prevent detection in satellite images.[16]

text: Nuclear weapon designs and development[edit]

text: Development and test teams[edit]

text: The main technical personnel involved in the operation were:[1]

text:
Project Chief Coordinators
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (later, President of India), Scientific Adviser to the prime minister and Head of the DRDO.
Dr. R. Chidambaram, Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission and the Department of Atomic energy.
Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO)
Dr. K. Santhanam; Director, Test Site Preparations.
Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research
Dr. G. R. Dikshitulu; Senior Research Scientist B.S.O.I Group, Nuclear Materials Acquisition
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC)
Dr. Anil Kakodkar, Director of BARC.
Dr. Satinder Kumar Sikka, Director; Thermonuclear Weapon Development.
Dr. M. S. Ramakumar, Director of Nuclear Fuel and Automation Manufacturing Group; Director, Nuclear Component Manufacture.
Dr. D.D. Sood, Director of Radiochemistry and Isotope Group; Director, Nuclear Materials Acquisition.
Dr. S.K. Gupta, Solid State Physics and Spectroscopy Group; Director, Device Design & Assessment.
Dr. G. Govindraj, Associate Director of Electronic and Instrumentation Group; Director, Field Instrumentation.

text: Movement and logistics[edit]

text: Three laboratories of the DRDO were involved in designing, testing and producing components for the bombs, including the advanced detonators, the implosion and high-voltage trigger systems. These were also responsible for weaponising, systems engineering, aerodynamics, safety interlocks and flight trials.[1] The bombs were transported in four Indian Army trucks under the command of Colonel Umang Kapur; all devices from BARC were relocated at 3 am on 1 May 1998. From the Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, the bombs were flown in an Indian Air Force's AN-32 plane to the Jaisalmer army base. They were transported to Pokhran in an army convoy of four trucks, and this required three trips. The devices were delivered to the device preparation building, which was designated as 'Prayer Hall'.[1]

text: The test sites was organised into two government groups and were fired separately, with all devices in a group fired at the same time. The first group consisted of the thermonuclear device (Shakti I), the fission device (Shakti II), and a sub-kiloton device (Shakti III). The second group consisted of the remaining two sub-kiloton devices Shakti IV and V. It was decided that the first group would be tested on 11 May and the second group on 13 May. The thermonuclear device was placed in a shaft code named 'White House', which was over 200 metres (660 ft) deep, the fission bomb was placed in a 150 metres (490 ft) deep shaft code named 'Taj Mahal', and the first sub-kiloton device in 'Kumbhkaran'. The first three devices were placed in their respective shafts on 10 May, and the first device to be placed was the sub-kiloton device in the 'Kumbhkaran' shaft, which was sealed by the army engineers by 8:30 pm. The thermonuclear device was lowered and sealed into the 'White House' shaft by 4 am, and the fission device being placed in the 'Taj Mahal' shaft was sealed at 7:30 am, which was 90 minutes before the planned test time. The shafts were L-shaped, with a horizontal chamber for the test device.[1]

text: The timing of the tests depended on the local weather conditions, with the wind being the critical factor. The tests were underground, but due to a number of shaft seal failures that had occurred during tests conducted by the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom, the sealing of the shaft could not be guaranteed to be leak-proof. By early afternoon, the winds had died down and the test sequence was initiated. Dr. K. Santhanam of the DRDO, in charge of the test site preparations, gave the two keys that activated the test countdown to Dr. M. Vasudev, the range safety officer, who was responsible for verifying that all test indicators were normal. After checking the indicators, Vasudev handed one key each to a representative of BARC and the DRDO, who unlocked the countdown system together. At 3:45 pm the three devices were detonated.[1]

text: Specifications and detonation[edit]

text: Five nuclear devices were Made during Operation Shakti.[17] All devices were weapon-grade plutonium[1] and they were:[1]

text:
Shakti I – A thermonuclear device yielding 45 kt, but designed for up to 200 kt.
Shakti II – A plutonium implosion design yielding 15 kt and intended as a warhead that could be delivered by bomber or missile. It was an improvement of the device detonated in the 1974 Smiling Buddha (Pokhran-I) test of 1974, developed using simulations on the PARAM supercomputer.
Shakti III – An experimental linear implosion design that used "non-weapon grade"[18] plutonium, but which likely omitted the material required for fusion, yielding 0.3 kt.
Shakti IV- A 0.5 kt experimental device.
Shakti V – A 0.2 kt experimental device.

text: An additional, sixth device (Shakti VI) is suspected to have been present but not detonated.[1]

text: At 3:43 pm IST; three nuclear bombs (specifically, the Shakti I, II and III) were detonated simultaneously, as measured by international seismic monitors.[4] On 13 May, at 12.21 p.m.IST 6:51 UTC, two sub-kiloton devices (Shakti IV and V) were detonated. Due to their very low yield, these explosions were not detected by any seismic station.[4] On 13 May 1998, India declared the series of tests to be over after this.[19]

text: Announcement[edit]

text: Following the Pokhran-II tests, India became the sixth country to join the nuclear club.[20] Shortly after the tests, a press meet was convened at the Prime Minister's residence in New Delhi. Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee appeared before the press corps and made the following short statement:

text:
“

Today, at 15:45 hours, India conducted three underground nuclear tests in the Pokhran range. The tests conducted today were with a fission device, a low yield device and a thermonuclear device. The measured yields are in line with expected values. Measurements have also confirmed that there was no release of radioactivity into the atmosphere. These were contained explosions like the experiment conducted in May 1974. I warmly congratulate the scientists and engineers who have carried out these successful tests.[21]

”

text: Reactions to tests[edit]

text: Domestic reactions[edit]

text: News of the tests were greeted with jubilation and large-scale approval by society in India.[22] The Bombay Stock Exchange registered significant gains. Newspapers and television channels praised the government for its bold decision; editorials were full of praise for the country's leadership and advocated the development of an operational nuclear arsenal for the country's armed forces.[22] The Indian opposition, led by Congress Party criticised the Vajpayee administration for carrying out the series of nuclear tests.[22] The Congress Party spokesman, Salman Khursheed, accused the BJP of trying to use the tests for political ends rather than to enhance the country's national security.[22]

text: By the time India had conducted tests, the country had a total of $44bn in loans in 1998, from IMF and the World Bank.[23] The industrial sectors of the Indian economy such as the chemicals industry, were likely to be hurt by sanctions.[23] The Western consortium companies, which had invested heavily in India, especially in construction, computing and telecoms, were generally the ones who were harmed by the sanctions.[23] In 1998, Indian government announced that it had already allowed for some economic response and was willing to take the consequences.[23]

text: International reactions[edit]

text: United States[edit]

text: The United States issued a strong statement condemning India and promised that sanctions would follow. The American intelligence community was embarrassed as there had been "a serious intelligence failure of the decade" in detecting the preparations for the test.[24]

text: In keeping with its preferred approach to foreign policy in recent decades, and in compliance with the 1994 anti-proliferation law, the United States imposed economic sanctions on India.[5] The sanctions on India consisted of cutting off all assistance to India except humanitarian aid, banning the export of certain defence material and technologies, ending American credit and credit guarantees to India, and requiring the US to oppose lending by international financial institutions to India.[25]

text: From 1998–1999, the United States held series of bilateral talks with India over the issue of India becoming party of the CTBT and NPT.[26] In addition, the United States also made an unsuccessful attempt of holding talks regarding the rollback of India's nuclear program.[27] India took a firm stand against the CTBT and refusing to be signatory party of it despite under pressure by the US President Bill Clinton, and noted the treaty as it was not consistent with India's national security interest.[27]

text: Canada, Japan, and other countries[edit]

text: Strong criticism was drawn from Canada on India's actions and its High Commissioner.[28] Sanctions were also imposed by Japan on India and consisted of freezing all new loans and grants except for humanitarian aid to India.[29]

text: Some other nations also imposed sanctions on India, primarily in the form of suspension of foreign aid to India and government-to-government credit lines.[30] However, the United Kingdom, France, and Russia refrained from condemning India.[30]

text: China[edit]

text: On 12 May the Chinese Foreign Ministry stated: "The Chinese government is seriously concerned about the nuclear tests conducted by India," and that the tests "run counter to the current international trend and are not conducive to peace and stability in South Asia.".[31] The next day the Chinese Foreign Ministry issued the statement clearly stating that "it is shocked and strongly condemned" the Indian nuclear tests and called for the international community to "adopt a unified stand and strongly demand that India immediate stop development of nuclear weapons".[32] China further rejected India's stated rationale of needing nuclear capabilities to counter a Chinese threat as "totally unreasonable".[32] In a meeting with Masayoshi Takemura of Democratic Party of Japan, Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China Qian Qichen was quoted as saying that India's nuclear tests were a "serious matter," particularly because they were conducted in light of the fact that more than 140 countries have signed the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. "It is even more unacceptable that India claims to have conducted the tests to counter what it called a "China threat".[32] On 24 November 1998, the Chinese Embassy, New Delhi issued a formal statement:

text: (sic).... But regrettably, India conducted nuclear tests last May, which has run against the contemporary historical trend and seriously affected peace and stability in South Asia. Pakistan also conducted nuclear tests later on. India's nuclear tests have not only led to the escalation of tensions between India and Pakistan and provocation of nuclear arms races in South Asia, but also dealt a heavy blow to international nuclear disarmament and the global nonproliferation regime. It is only natural that India's nuclear tests have met with extensive condemnation and aroused serious concern from the international community.

text: Pakistan[edit]

text: The most vehement and strong reaction to India's nuclear explosion was from a neighbouring country, Pakistan. Great ire was raised in Pakistan, which issued a severe statement blaming India for instigating a nuclear arms race in the region.[4] Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif vowed that his country would give a suitable reply to India.[4] The day after the first tests, Foreign Minister Gohar Ayub Khan indicated that Pakistan was ready to conduct a nuclear test. He stated: "Pakistan is prepared to match India, we have the capability.... We in Pakistan will maintain a balance with India in all fields", he said in an interview. "We are in a headlong arms race on the subcontinent."[4]

text: On 13 May 1998, Pakistan bitterly condemned the tests, and Foreign Minister Gohar Ayub was quoted as saying that Indian leadership seemed to "have gone berserk [sic] and was acting in a totally unrestrained way."[34] Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was much more subdued, maintaining ambiguity about whether a test would be conducted in response: "We are watching the situation and we will take appropriate action with regard to our security", he said.[4]  Sharif sought to mobilise the entire Islamic world in support of Pakistan and criticised India for nuclear proliferation.[4]

text: Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif had been under intense pressure regarding the nuclear tests by President Bill Clinton and Opposition leader Benazir Bhutto at home.[35] Initially surprising the world, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif authorised nuclear testing program and the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) carried out nuclear testings under the codename Chagai-I on 28 May 1998 and Chagai-II on 30 May 1998. These six underground nuclear tests at the Chagai and Kharan test site were conducted fifteen days after India's last test. The total yield of the tests was reported to be 40 kt (see codename: Chagai-I).[36]

text: Pakistan's subsequent tests invited similar condemnation from the United States.[37] American President Bill Clinton was quoted as saying "Two wrongs don't make a right", criticising Pakistan's tests as reactionary to India's Pokhran-II.[35] The United States and Japan reacted by imposing economic sanctions on Pakistan. According to the Pakistan's science community, the Indian nuclear tests gave an opportunity to Pakistan to conduct nuclear tests after 14 years of conducting only cold tests (See: Kirana-I).[38]

text: Pakistan's leading nuclear physicist, Pervez Hoodbhoy, held India responsible for Pakistan's nuclear test experiments in Chagai.[39]

text: U.N. sanctions[edit]

text: The reactions from abroad started immediately after the tests were advertised. On 6 June, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 1172 condemning the test and that of Pakistan's.[40] China issued a vociferous condemnation calling upon the international community to exert pressure on India to sign the NPT and eliminate its nuclear arsenal. With India joining the group of countries possessing nuclear weapons, a new strategic dimension had emerged in Asia, particularly South Asia.[40]

text: Effects on Indian economy[edit]

text: Overall, the effect of international sanctions on Indian economy was minimal; the technological progress was marginal. Most nations did not call for embargoes against India as the exports and imports together constituted only 4.0% of its GDP, with United States trade accounting for only 10.0% of this total. Far more significant were the restrictions on lending imposed by the United States and its representatives on international finance bodies. Most of the sanctions were lifted within five years.

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The Indian government has officially declared the 11 May as National Technology Day in India to commemorate the first of the five nuclear tests that were carried out on 11 May 1998.[41]

text: It was officially signed by then-Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 1998 and the day is celebrated by giving awards to various individuals and industries in the field of science and technology.[41]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran is a 2018 Bollywood movie based on India's underground Pokhran-II nuclear test.