document_title: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

question_text: what did each wizard of oz character want

question_tokens: what did each wizard of oz character want

root

text: The Wizard of Oz (1939 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The film begins in Kansas, which is depicted in a sepia tone. Dorothy Gale lives with her dog, Toto, on her Aunt Em and Uncle Henry's farm. Toto gets in trouble with a mean neighbor, Miss Almira Gulch, when he bites her. However, Dorothy's family and the farmhands are all too busy to listen to her troubles. Miss Gulch produces an order from the sheriff allowing her to have Toto put down. She takes him away, but he escapes and returns to Dorothy who, fearing that Miss Gulch will return, decides to run away from home.

tag: p

text: After some miles Dorothy and Toto encounter Professor Marvel, a kindly fortune teller who, realizing Dorothy has run away, uses his crystal ball to convince her that Aunt Em is ill. Dorothy races home just as a tornado approaches. Locked out of the storm cellar, she seeks safety in the house, where a wind-blown window sash knocks her out. She awakens to find the tornado has sent the house spinning into the sky. Outside the window she sees farm animals, an old lady knitting in a chair, two men rowing a boat, and finally Miss Gulch, who transforms into a cackling witch riding a broomstick.

text: Suddenly the house strikes the ground and all is quiet. As Dorothy opens the door the film changes to Technicolor – she and Toto have landed in Munchkinland, part of the Land of Oz. Glinda the Good Witch of the North and the Munchkins welcome her as their heroine – the house has landed on and killed the Wicked Witch of the East, leaving only her feet poking out from under. In the middle of the celebration, the Wicked Witch of the West arrives in a ball of smoke and fire to claim her sister's ruby slippers, but Glinda transports them onto Dorothy's feet before the witch can get them. The witch swears revenge on Dorothy for her sister's death. Glinda tells Dorothy to follow the yellow brick road to the Emerald City, where the Wizard of Oz might be able to help her get back home.

text: On her way, Dorothy meets and befriends a Scarecrow, who wants a brain, and invites him to join her on her journey. Eventually they come to an apple orchard where they find and befriend a Tin Man, who desires a heart. After they invite him to come along, the Witch appears and makes threats to them. Deep in the woods, they meet a Cowardly Lion, who is in need of courage and invite him to come along as well. After the Witch attempts to stop them using an enchanted poppy field, they finally reach the Emerald City. Inside, after being initially rejected, they are permitted to see the Wizard, who appears as a large disembodied head surrounded by fire. He agrees to grant their wishes when they bring him the Witch of the West's broomstick, implying they must kill her to get it.

text: On their journey to the Witch's castle, they pass through the Haunted Forest, while the Witch views their progress in her crystal ball. She sends her winged monkeys to attack them; they capture Dorothy and Toto. At the castle, the Witch is refrained by magic when she tries to get the ruby slippers off Dorothy's feet, then remembers that she must be dead first. Toto escapes and leads the Scarecrow, Tin Man, and Cowardly Lion to the castle. After ambushing three Winkie guards, they march inside wearing the stolen guards' uniforms and free her, but the Witch discovers and traps them. The Scarecrow provides a distraction and they attempt to escape, being chased by the Witch and her guards, but are finally surrounded. The Witch sets fire to the Scarecrow and Dorothy puts it out with a bucket of water and unwittingly melts and kills the witch as the water splashes on her. The guards rejoice that she is dead and give Dorothy the charred broomstick in gratitude.

text: Back at the Emerald City, they bring the broomstick to the Wizard. But when they ask him to keep his promises, the Wizard delays granting their requests much to their shock and frustration. During the argument, Toto pulls back a curtain and exposes the "Wizard" as a normal middle-aged man who has been projecting the fearsome image; he denies Dorothy's accusation that he is a bad man, but admits to being a humbug. He then gives the Scarecrow a diploma, the Lion a medal and the Tin Man a ticking heart-shaped clock, making them realize that they had what they wanted all along. They just did not know it yet. He then prepares to launch his hot air balloon to take Dorothy home but Toto runs off, and as she tries to get him back, the balloon leaves without them. Suddenly, Glinda returns and tells her that she can still return home by using the ruby slippers. After sharing a tearful farewell with her friends, Dorothy follows Glinda's instructions and taps her heels together three times and repeats, "There's no place like home". She wakes up in bed at her home in Kansas, surrounded by her family, the farmhands, Professor Marvel and Toto. Though they dismiss her adventure as a dream, she insists that it was all real, and that there is no place like home.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale
Frank Morgan as Professor Marvel/The Wizard/Doorman/Cabbie/Guard
Ray Bolger as Hunk/Scarecrow
Jack Haley as Hickory/Tin Man
Bert Lahr as Zeke/Cowardly Lion
Billie Burke as Glinda the Good Witch of the North
Margaret Hamilton as Miss Almira Gulch/The Wicked Witch of the West
Clara Blandick as Aunt Em
Charley Grapewin as Uncle Henry
Pat Walshe as Nikko (the Winged Monkey King)
Terry as Toto (though credited as Toto)
Mitchell Lewis as the Winkie Guard Captain (credited only in the IMAX version)

tag: ul

text: Munchkins[edit]

text:
Charlie Becker as Munchkin Mayor
Meinhardt Raabe as Munchkin Coroner
Jakob "Jackie" Gerlich as Lollipop Guild/Munchkin
Jerry Maren as Lollipop Guild/Munchkin
Harry Doll Earles as Lollipop Guild/Munchkin
Billy Curtis as Braggart Munchkin
Harry Monty as Soldier/Winged Monkey
Mickey Carroll as Fiddler/Town Crier/Soldier
Karl Slover as Lead trumpeter/Soldier/"Sleepyhead"/Villager
Olga C. Nardone as the Littlest Lullaby League
Margaret Pellegrini as "Sleepyhead"
Ruth Duccini as a Munchkin Villager
The Doll Family as Munchkin Villagers
The Singer Midgets as the Munchkins
William H. O'Docharty as Munchkin Carriage Footman

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and pre-production[edit]

text: Development began when Walt Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs showed that films adapted from popular children's stories and fairytale folklore could be successful.[12][13] In January 1938, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer bought the rights to the hugely popular novel from Samuel Goldwyn, who had toyed with the idea of making the film as a vehicle for Eddie Cantor, who was under contract to the Goldwyn studios and whom Goldwyn wanted to cast as the Scarecrow.[13]

text: The script went through a number of writers and revisions before the final shooting.[14] Mervyn LeRoy's assistant William H. Cannon had submitted a brief four-page outline.[14] Because recent fantasy films had not fared well, he recommended that the magical elements of the story be toned down or eliminated. In his outline, the Scarecrow was a man so stupid that the only employment open to him was literally scaring crows from cornfields, and the Tin Woodman was a criminal so heartless he was sentenced to be placed in a tin suit for eternity; this torture softened him into someone gentle and kind.[14] His vision was similar to Larry Semon's 1925 film adaptation of the story, in which the magical element is absent.

text: After that, LeRoy hired screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz, who soon delivered a 17-page draft of the Kansas scenes, and a few weeks later, a further 56 pages. Noel Langley and poet Ogden Nash were also hired to write separate versions of the story. None of these three knew about the others, and this was not an uncommon procedure. Nash delivered a four-page outline, Langley turned in a 43-page treatment and a full film script. He[who?] turned in three more, this time incorporating the songs that had been written by Harold Arlen and Yip Harburg. Florence Ryerson and Edgar Allan Woolf submitted a script and were brought on board to touch up the writing. They would be responsible for making sure the story stayed true to the Baum book. However, producer Arthur Freed was unhappy with their work and reassigned it to Langley.[15] During filming, Victor Fleming and John Lee Mahin revised the script further, adding and cutting some scenes. In addition, Jack Haley and Bert Lahr are known to have written some of their own dialogue for the Kansas sequence.

text: The final draft of the script was completed on October 8, 1938, following numerous rewrites.[16] All in all, it was a mish-mash of many creative minds, but Langley, Ryerson, and Woolf got the film credits. Along with the contributors already mentioned, others who assisted with the adaptation without receiving credit include: Irving Brecher, Herbert Fields, Arthur Freed, Yip Harburg, Samuel Hoffenstein, Jack Mintz, Sid Silvers, Richard Thorpe, Cukor and Vidor.[13]

text: In addition, songwriter Harburg's son (and biographer) Ernie Harburg reported:[17]

text: So anyhow, Yip also wrote all the dialogue in that time and the setup to the songs and he also wrote the part where they give out the heart, the brains, and the nerve, because he was the final script editor. And he – there was eleven screenwriters on that – and he pulled the whole thing together, wrote his own lines and gave the thing a coherence and unity which made it a work of art. But he doesn't get credit for that. He gets lyrics by E. Y. Harburg, you see. But nevertheless, he put his influence on the thing.

text: The original producers thought that a 1939 audience was too sophisticated to accept Oz as a straight-ahead fantasy; therefore, it was reconceived as a lengthy, elaborate dream sequence. Because of a perceived need to attract a youthful audience through appealing to modern fads and styles, the score had featured a song called "The Jitterbug", and the script had featured a scene with a series of musical contests. A spoiled, selfish princess in Oz had outlawed all forms of music except classical and operetta, and went up against Dorothy in a singing contest in which her swing style enchanted listeners and won the grand prize. This part was initially written for Betty Jaynes.[18] The plan was later dropped.

text: Another scene, which was removed before final script approval and never filmed, was a concluding scene back in Kansas after Dorothy's return. Hunk (the Kansan counterpart to the Scarecrow) is leaving for agricultural college and extracts a promise from Dorothy to write to him. The implication of the scene is that romance will eventually develop between the two, which also may have been intended as an explanation for Dorothy's partiality for the Scarecrow over her other two companions. This plot idea was never totally dropped, but is especially noticeable in the final script when Dorothy, just before she is to leave Oz, tells the Scarecrow, "I think I'll miss you most of all."[19]

text: In his book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Baum describes Kansas as being "in shades of gray". Further, Dorothy lived inside a farmhouse which had its paint blistered and washed away by the weather, giving it an air of grayness. The house and property were situated in the middle of a sweeping prairie where the grass was burnt gray by harsh sun. Aunt Em and Uncle Henry were "gray with age". Effectively, the use of monochrome sepia tones for the Kansas sequences was a stylistic choice that evoked the dull and gray countryside.[citation needed] Much attention was given to the use of color in the production, with the MGM production crew favoring some hues over others. Consequently, it took the studio's art department almost a week to settle on the final shade of yellow used for the yellow brick road.[20]

text: Casting[edit]

text: LeRoy had always insisted that he wanted to cast Judy Garland to play Dorothy from the start; however, evidence suggests that negotiations occurred early in pre-production for Shirley Temple to be cast as Dorothy, on loan from 20th Century Fox. A persistent rumor also existed that Fox, in turn, was promised Clark Gable and Jean Harlow as a loan from MGM. The tale is almost certainly untrue, as Harlow died in 1937, before MGM had even purchased the rights to the story. Despite this, the story appears in many film biographies (including Temple's own autobiography). The documentary The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: The Making of a Movie Classic states that Mervyn LeRoy was under pressure to cast Temple, then the most popular child star, but at an unofficial audition, MGM musical mainstay Roger Edens listened to her sing and felt that an actress with a different style was needed. Newsreel footage is included in which Temple wisecracks, "There's no place like home", suggesting that she was being considered for the part at that time.[21] A possibility is that this consideration did indeed take place, but that Gable and Harlow were not part of the proposed deal.

text: Actress Deanna Durbin, who was under contract to Universal Studios, was also considered for the part of Dorothy. Durbin, at the time, far exceeded Garland in film experience and fan base and both had co-starred in a 1936 two-reeler titled Every Sunday. The film was most notable for exhibiting Durbin's operatic style of singing against Garland's jazzier style. Durbin was possibly passed over once it was decided to bring on Jaynes, also an operatic singer, to rival Garland's jazz in the aforementioned discarded subplot of the film.

text: Ray Bolger was originally cast as the Tin Man and Buddy Ebsen was to play the Scarecrow.[16] Bolger, however, longed to play the Scarecrow, as his childhood idol Fred Stone had done on stage in 1902; with that very performance, Stone had inspired him to become a vaudevillian in the first place. Now unhappy with his role as the Tin Man (reportedly claiming, "I'm not a tin performer; I'm fluid"), Bolger convinced producer Mervyn LeRoy to recast him in the part he so desired.[22] Ebsen did not object; after going over the basics of the Scarecrow's distinctive gait with Bolger (as a professional dancer, Ebsen had been cast because the studio was confident he would be up to the task of replicating the famous "wobbly-walk" of Stone's Scarecrow), he recorded all of his songs, went through all the rehearsals as the Tin Man and began filming with the rest of the cast.[23]

text: Bert Lahr was signed for the Cowardly Lion on July 25, 1938; the next month, Charles Grapewin was cast as Uncle Henry on August 12.

text: W. C. Fields was originally chosen for the role of the Wizard, a role turned down by Ed Wynn as he thought the part was too small, but the studio ran out of patience after protracted haggling over Fields' fee; instead, another contract player, Frank Morgan, was cast on September 22.

text: Gale Sondergaard was originally cast as the Wicked Witch. She became unhappy when the witch's persona shifted from sly and glamorous (thought to emulate the wicked queen in Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs) into the familiar "ugly hag". She turned down the role and was replaced on October 10, 1938, just three days before filming started, by MGM contract player Margaret Hamilton. Sondergaard said in an interview for a bonus feature on the DVD that she had no regrets about turning down the part, and would go on to play a glamorous villain in Fox's version of Maurice Maeterlinck's The Blue Bird in 1940; that same year, Margaret Hamilton played a role remarkably similar to the Wicked Witch in the Judy Garland film Babes in Arms.

text: According to Aljean Harmetz, the "gone-to-seed" coat worn by Morgan as the wizard was selected from a rack of coats purchased from a second-hand shop. According to legend, Morgan later discovered a label in the coat indicating it had once belonged to Baum, that Baum's widow confirmed this, and that the coat was eventually presented to her. But Baum biographer Michael Patrick Hearn says the Baum family denies ever seeing the coat or knowing of the story; Hamilton considered it a concocted studio rumor.[24]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Richard Thorpe as director[edit]

text: Filming commenced October 13, 1938, on the MGM lot in Culver City, California, under the direction of Richard Thorpe (replacing original director Norman Taurog, who filmed only a few early Technicolor tests and was then reassigned). Thorpe initially shot about two weeks of footage (nine days in total) involving Dorothy's first encounter with the Scarecrow, as well as a number of sequences in the Wicked Witch's castle, such as Dorothy's rescue (which, though unreleased, comprises the only footage of Ebsen's Tin Man).

text: According to most sources, ten days into the shoot, Ebsen suffered a reaction to the aluminum powder makeup he wore. He was hospitalized in critical condition, and subsequently was forced to leave the project; in a later interview (included on the 2005 DVD release of The Wizard of Oz), he recalled the studio heads appreciated the seriousness of his illness only after seeing him in the hospital. Filming halted while a replacement for him was found. No full footage of him as the Tin Man has ever been released – only photographs taken during filming and makeup test photos. His replacement, Jack Haley, simply assumed he had been fired.[25] Author and screen-writer George MacDonald Fraser offers an alternative story, told to him by Burt Lancaster's producing partner, Jim Hill, that Ebsen had refused to be painted silver and was fired.[26]

text: George Cukor's brief stint[edit]

text: LeRoy, after reviewing the footage and feeling Thorpe was rushing the production, adversely affecting the actors' performances, had Thorpe replaced. During reorganization on the production, George Cukor temporarily took over, under LeRoy's guidance. Initially, the studio had made Garland wear a blond wig and heavy "baby-doll" makeup, and she played Dorothy in an exaggerated fashion; now, Cukor changed Garland's and Hamilton's makeup and costumes, and told Garland to "be herself". This meant that all the scenes Garland and Hamilton had already completed had to be discarded and reshot. Cukor also suggested that the studio cast Jack Haley, on loan from Fox, as the Tin Man. To keep down on production costs, Haley only rerecorded "If I Only Had a Heart" and solo lines during "The Jitterbug" and "If I Only Had the Nerve"; as such, Ebsen's voice can still be heard in the remaining songs featuring the Tin Man in group vocals. The makeup used for Haley was quietly changed to an aluminum paste, with a layer of clown white greasepaint underneath to protect his skin; although it did not have the same dire effect on Haley, he did at one point suffer an eye infection from it.[citation needed]

text: In addition, Bolger's original recording of "If I Only Had a Brain" had been far more sedate compared to the version heard in the film; during this time, Cukor and LeRoy decided that a more energetic rendition would better suit Dorothy's initial meeting with the Scarecrow (initially, it was to contrast with his lively manner in Thorpe's footage), and was rerecorded as such. At first thought to be lost for over seven decades, a recording of this original version was rediscovered in 2009.[27]

text: Victor Fleming, the main director[edit]

text: Cukor did not actually shoot any scenes for the film, merely acting as something of a "creative advisor" to the troubled production, and, because of his prior commitment to direct Gone with the Wind, he left on November 3, 1938, when Victor Fleming assumed directorial responsibility. As director, Fleming chose not to shift the film from Cukor's creative realignment, as producer LeRoy had already pronounced his satisfaction with the new course the film was taking.

text: Production on the bulk of the Technicolor sequences was a long and cumbersome process that ran for over six months, from October 1938 to March 1939. Most of the cast worked six days a week and had to arrive as early as 4:00 a.m. to be fitted with makeup and costumes, and often did not leave until 7 pm or later. Cumbersome makeup and costumes were made even more uncomfortable by the daylight-bright lighting the early Technicolor process required, which could heat the set to over 100 °F (38 °C). Bolger later said that the frightening nature of the costumes prevented most of the Oz principals from eating in the studio commissary;[28] the toxicity of Hamilton's copper-based makeup forced her to eat a liquid diet on shoot days.[29] It took as many as twelve takes to have Toto run alongside the actors as they skipped down the yellow brick road.

text: All of the Oz sequences were filmed in three-strip Technicolor.[13][14] The opening and closing credits, as well as the Kansas sequences, were filmed in black and white and colored in a sepia-tone process.[13] Sepia-toned film was also used in the scene where Aunt Em appears in the Wicked Witch's crystal ball.

text: An extensive talent search produced over a hundred little people to play Munchkins; this meant that most of the film's Oz sequences would have to already be shot before work on the Munchkinland sequence could begin. According to Munchkin actor Jerry Maren, the little people were each paid over $125 a week. Meinhardt Raabe, who played the coroner, revealed in the 1990 documentary The Making of the Wizard of Oz that the MGM costume and wardrobe department, under the direction of designer Adrian, had to design over 100 costumes for the Munchkin sequences. They then had to photograph and catalog each Munchkin in his or her costume so that they could correctly apply the same costume and makeup each day of production.

text: In Hamilton's exit from the Munchkinland a concealed elevator was arranged to lower her below stage as fire and smoke erupted to dramatize and conceal her exit. The first take ran well but in the second take the timing of the elevator was off; the flames set fire to her greasy makeup, causing second-degree burns on her hands and face. She spent six weeks in the hospital.

text: King Vidor's finishing work as director[edit]

text: On February 12, 1939, Fleming hastily replaced Cukor in directing Gone with the Wind; the next day, King Vidor was assigned as director by the studio to finish the filming of The Wizard of Oz (mainly the sepia-toned Kansas sequences, including Garland's singing of "Over the Rainbow" and the tornado). In later years, when the film became firmly established as a classic, Vidor chose not to take public credit for his contribution until after the death of his friend Fleming in 1949.

text: Post-production[edit]

text: Principal photography concluded with the Kansas sequences on March 16, 1939; nonetheless, reshoots and pick-up shots were filmed throughout April and May and into June, under the direction of producer LeRoy. After the deletion of the "Over the Rainbow" reprise during subsequent test screenings in early June, Garland had to be brought back one more time to reshoot the "Auntie Em, I'm frightened!" scene without the song; the footage of Blandick's Aunt Em, as shot by Vidor, had already been set aside for rear-projection work, and was simply reused.

text: After Hamilton's torturous experience with the Munchkinland elevator, she refused to do the pick-ups for the scene in which she flies on a broomstick that billows smoke, so LeRoy chose to have stand-in Betty Danko perform the scene, instead; as a result, Danko was severely injured doing the scene due to a malfunction in the smoke mechanism.[30]

text: At this point, the film began a long arduous post-production. Herbert Stothart had to compose the film's background score, while A. Arnold Gillespie had to perfect the various special effects that the film required, including many of the rear projection shots. The MGM art department also had to create the various matte paintings for the background of many of the scenes.

text: One significant innovation planned for the film was the use of stencil printing for the transition to Technicolor. Each frame was to be hand-tinted to maintain the sepia tone; however, because this was too expensive and labor-intensive, it was abandoned and MGM used a simpler and less expensive variation of the process. During the reshoots in May, the inside of the farm house was painted sepia, and when Dorothy opens the door, it is not Garland, but her stand-in, Bobbie Koshay, wearing a sepia gingham dress, who then backs out of frame; once the camera moves through the door, Garland steps back into frame in her bright blue gingham dress (as noted in DVD extras), and the sepia-painted door briefly tints her with the same color before she emerges from the house's shadow, into the bright glare of the Technicolor lighting. This also meant that the reshoots provided the first proper shot of Munchkinland; if one looks carefully, the brief cut to Dorothy looking around outside the house bisects a single long shot, from the inside of the doorway to the pan-around that finally ends in a reverse-angle as the ruins of the house are seen behind Dorothy as she comes to a stop at the foot of the small bridge.

text: Test screenings of the film began on June 5, 1939.[31] Oz initially ran nearly two hours long. LeRoy and Fleming knew that at least a quarter of an hour needed to be deleted to get the film down to a manageable running time; the average film in 1939 running just about 90 minutes. Three sneak previews in Santa Barbara, Pomona and San Luis Obispo, California, helped guide LeRoy and Fleming in the cutting. Among the many cuts were "The Jitterbug" number, the Scarecrow's elaborate dance sequence following "If I Only Had a Brain", reprises of "Over the Rainbow" and "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead", and a number of smaller dialogue sequences. This left the final, mostly serious portion of the film with no songs, only the dramatic underscoring.

text: One song that was almost deleted was "Over the Rainbow". MGM had felt that it made the Kansas sequence too long, as well as being far over the heads of the target audience of children. The studio also thought that it was degrading for Garland to sing in a barnyard. LeRoy, uncredited associate producer Arthur Freed and director Fleming fought to keep it in, and they all eventually won. The song went on to win the Academy Award for Best Song of the Year, and came to be identified so strongly with Garland herself that she made it her theme song. In 2004, the song was ranked no. 1 by the American Film Institute on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs list.

text: After the preview in San Luis Obispo in early July, the film was officially released in August 1939 at its current 101-minute running time.

text: Music[edit]

text: The film is widely noted for its musical selections and soundtrack. The music was composed by Harold Arlen, and the lyrics were written by Yip Harburg, both of whom won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "Over the Rainbow". The song was ranked first in two lists: the AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs and the Recording Industry Association of America's "365 Songs of the Century".

text: MGM composer Herbert Stothart, a well-known Hollywood composer and songwriter, won the Academy Award for Best Original Score in recognition of his original score.

text: Georgie Stoll was associate conductor and screen credit was given to George Bassman, Murray Cutter, Ken Darby and Paul Marquardt for orchestral and vocal arrangements (as usual, Roger Edens was also heavily involved as an unbilled musical associate to Freed.)

text: The song "The Jitterbug", written in a swing style, was intended for the sequence in which the group is journeying to the Witch's castle. Due to time constraints, the song was cut from the final theatrical version. The film footage for the song has been lost, although silent home film footage of rehearsals for the number has survived. The sound recording for the song, however, is intact and was included in the two-CD Rhino Records deluxe edition of the film soundtrack, as well as on the VHS and DVD editions of the film. A reference to "The Jitterbug" remains in the film: the Witch remarks to her flying monkeys that they should have no trouble apprehending Dorothy and her friends because "I've sent a little insect on ahead to take the fight out of them."

text: Another musical number cut before release occurred right after the Wicked Witch of the West was melted and before Dorothy and her friends returned to the Wizard. This was a reprise of "Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" (blended with "We're Off to See the Wizard" and "The Merry Old Land of Oz") with the lyrics altered to "Hail! Hail! The Witch is Dead!" This started with the Witch's guard saying "Hail to Dorothy! The Wicked Witch is dead!" and dissolved to a huge celebration of the citizens of the Emerald City singing the song as they accompany Dorothy and her friends to see the Wizard. Today, the film of this scene is also lost and only a few stills survive, along with a few seconds of footage used on several reissue trailers. The entire audio still exists and is included on the two-CD Rhino Record deluxe edition of the film soundtrack.[32]

text: In addition, a brief reprise of "Over the Rainbow" was intended to be sung by Garland while Dorothy is trapped in the Witch's castle, but it was cut because it was considered too emotionally intense. The original soundtrack recording still exists, however, and was included as an extra in all home media releases from 1993-onwards.[33]

text: The songs were recorded in the studio's scoring stage before filming. Several of the recordings were completed while Ebsen was still with the cast. Therefore, while he had to be dropped from the cast due to illness from the aluminum powder makeup, his singing voice remained in the soundtrack (as noted in the notes for the CD Deluxe Edition). In the group vocals of "We're Off to See the Wizard", his voice can be heard. Haley spoke with a distinct Boston accent, thus did not pronounce the r in wizard. By contrast, Ebsen was a Midwesterner, like Garland, and pronounced it. Haley rerecorded Ebsen's solo parts later.

text: Song list[edit]

text:
"Over the Rainbow" – Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale
Munchkinland Sequence:

"Come Out ..." – Billie Burke as Glinda, and the Munchkins
"It Really Was No Miracle" – Judy Garland as Dorothy, Billy Bletcher and the Munchkins
"We Thank You Very Sweetly" – Frank Cucksey and Joseph Koziel
"Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" – Billie Burke as Glinda (speaking) and the Munchkins
"As Mayor of the Munchkin City"
"As Coroner, I Must Aver"
"Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" (Reprise) – The Munchkins
"The Lullaby League"
"The Lollipop Guild"
"We Welcome You to Munchkinland" – The Munchkins

"Follow the Yellow Brick Road/You're Off to See the Wizard" – Judy Garland as Dorothy, and the Munchkins
"If I Only Had a Brain" – Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow, and Judy Garland as Dorothy
"We're Off to See the Wizard" – Judy Garland as Dorothy, and Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow
"If I Only Had a Heart" – Jack Haley as the Tin Man
"If I Only Had a Heart" (original recording) – Buddy Ebsen as the Tin Man
"We're Off to See the Wizard" (Reprise 1) – Judy Garland as Dorothy, Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow, and Buddy Ebsen as the Tin Man
"If I Only Had the Nerve" – Bert Lahr as the Cowardly Lion, Jack Haley as the Tin Man, Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow, and Judy Garland as Dorothy
"We're Off to See the Wizard" (Reprise 2) – Judy Garland as Dorothy, Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow, Buddy Ebsen as the Tin Man, and Bert Lahr as the Cowardly Lion
"Optimistic Voices" – MGM Studio Chorus
"The Merry Old Land of Oz" – Frank Morgan as Cabby, Judy Garland as Dorothy, Ray Bolger as Scarecrow, Jack Haley as the Tin Man, Bert Lahr as the Cowardly Lion and the Emerald City townspeople
"If I Were King of the Forest" – Bert Lahr as the Cowardly Lion, Judy Garland as Dorothy, Ray Bolger as the Scarecrow and Jack Haley as the Tin Man
"The Jitterbug" – Although this song was removed from the final film, it is still available on some extended edition CDs.[34]

text: Underscoring[edit]

text: Extensive edits in the film's final cut removed vocals from the last portion of the film. However, the film was fully underscored, with instrumental snippets from the film's various leitmotifs throughout. There was also some recognizable popular music, including:

text:
Excerpts from Schumann's "The Happy Farmer", at several points early in the film, including the opening scene when Dorothy and Toto are hurrying home after their encounter with Miss Gulch, when Toto escapes from her, and when the house is "riding" the tornado.
An excerpt of Mendelssohn's "Opus 16, #2", when Toto escapes from the Witch's castle.
An excerpt of Mussorgsky's "Night on Bald Mountain", when Dorothy, the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Cowardly Lion are trying to escape from the Witch's castle.
"In the Shade of the Old Apple Tree", when Dorothy and the Scarecrow discover the anthropomorphic apple trees.
"Gaudeamus Igitur" during the Wizard's presentation of awards to the group.
"Home! Sweet Home!", in part of the underscore of the closing scene, at Dorothy's house in Kansas.

text: (The above list is excerpted from the liner notes on the Rhino Records collection.)

text: Release[edit]

text: The film's first sneak preview was held in San Bernardino, California.[35] The film was previewed in three test markets: on August 11, 1939, at Kenosha, Wisconsin and Cape Cod, Massachusetts,[36][37] and at the Strand Theatre in Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, on August 12.[38]

text: The Hollywood premiere was on August 15, 1939,[37] at Grauman's Chinese Theatre.[39] The New York City premiere, held at Loew's Capitol Theatre on August 17, 1939, was followed by a live performance with Garland and her frequent film co-star Mickey Rooney. They continued to perform there after each screening for a week, extended in Rooney's case for a second week and in Garland's to three (with Oz co-stars Ray Bolger and Bert Lahr replacing Rooney for the third and final week). The film opened nationwide on August 25, 1939.

text: Box office[edit]

text: According to MGM records, during the film's initial release, it earned $2,048,000 in the US and Canada and $969,000 in other countries throughout the world, resulting total earnings of $3,017,000. While these were considerable earnings, the high production cost, in association with various distribution and other costs, meant the movie initially recorded a loss of $1,145,000 for the studio.[3] It did not show what MGM considered a profit until a 1949 rerelease earned an additional $1.5 million (about $15 million today). However, for all the risks and cost that MGM undertook to produce the film, it was considered at least more successful than anyone thought it would be. According to Christopher Finch, author of the Judy Garland biography Rainbow: The Stormy Life Of Judy Garland, "Fantasy is always a risk at the box office. The film had been enormously successful as a book, and it had also been a major stage hit, but previous attempts to bring it the screen had been dismal failures." Finch also writes that after the success of the film, Garland signed a new contract with MGM giving her a substantial increase in salary, making her one of the top-ten box office stars in the United States.[40]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film received much acclaim upon its release. Frank Nugent considered the film a "delightful piece of wonder-working which had the youngsters' eyes shining and brought a quietly amused gleam to the wiser ones of the oldsters. Not since Disney's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs has anything quite so fantastic succeeded half so well."[41] Nugent had issues with some of the film's special effects, writing, "with the best of will and ingenuity, they cannot make a Munchkin or a Flying Monkey that will not still suggest, however vaguely, a Singer's Midget in a Jack Dawn masquerade. Nor can they, without a few betraying jolts and split-screen overlappings, bring down from the sky the great soap bubble in which Glinda rides and roll it smoothly into place." According to Nugent, "Judy Garland's Dorothy is a pert and fresh-faced miss with the wonder-lit eyes of a believer in fairy tales, but the Baum fantasy is at its best when the Scarecrow, the Tin Man, and the Lion are on the move."[41]

text: Writing in Variety, John C. Flinn predicted that the film was "likely to perform some record-breaking feats of box-office magic," noting, "Some of the scenic passages are so beautiful in design and composition as to stir audiences by their sheer unfoldment." He also called Garland "an appealing figure" and the musical numbers "gay and bright."[42]

text: Harrison's Reports wrote, "Even though some persons are not interested in pictures of this type, it is possible that they will be eager to see this picture just for its technical treatment. The performances are good, and the incidental music is of considerable aid. Pictures of this caliber bring credit to the industry."[43]

text: "Leo the Lion is privileged to herald this one with his deepest roar - the one that comes from way down - for seldom if indeed ever has the screen been so successful in its approach to fantasy and extravaganza through flesh-and-blood," wrote Film Daily, adding that this "handsomely mounted fairy story in Technicolor, with its wealth of humor and homespun philosophy, its stimulus to the imagination, its procession of unforgettable settings, its studding of merry tunes should click solidly at the box-office."[44]

text: Not all reviews were positive. Some moviegoers felt that the 16-year-old Garland was slightly too old to play the little girl who Baum originally intended his Dorothy to be. Russell Maloney of The New Yorker wrote that the film displayed "no trace of imagination, good taste, or ingenuity" and declared it "a stinkeroo,"[45] while Otis Ferguson of The New Republic wrote, "It has dwarfs, music, Technicolor, freak characters, and Judy Garland. It can't be expected to have a sense of humor, as well - and as for the light touch of fantasy, it weighs like a pound of fruitcake soaking wet."[46] The film placed seventh on Film Daily's year-end nationwide poll of 542 critics naming the best films of 1939.[47]

text: Roger Ebert chose it as one of his Great Films, writing that "The Wizard of Oz has a wonderful surface of comedy and music, special effects and excitement, but we still watch it six decades later because its underlying story penetrates straight to the deepest insecurities of childhood, stirs them and then reassures them."[48]

text: Writer Salman Rushdie acknowledged "The Wizard of Oz was my very first literary influence" in his 2002 musings about the film.[49] He has written: "When I first saw The Wizard of Oz, it made a writer of me."[50] His first short story, written at the age of 10, was titled "Over the Rainbow".[50]

text: In a 2009 retrospective article about the film, San Francisco Chronicle film critic and author Mick LaSalle declared that the film's "entire Munchkinland sequence, from Dorothy's arrival in Oz to her departure on the yellow brick road, has to be one of the greatest in cinema history – a masterpiece of set design, costuming, choreography, music, lyrics, storytelling, and sheer imagination."[51]

text: On the film critic aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 99% based on 109 reviews, with an average score of 9.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "An absolute masterpiece whose groundbreaking visuals and deft storytelling are still every bit as resonant, The Wizard of Oz is a must-see film for young and old."[52] At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film received the maximum score of 100 out of 100, based on 4 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim",[53] which, as of August 2017, is matched only by five other films.

text: Re-releases[edit]

text: Although the 1949 reissue used sepia tone, as in the original release, beginning with the 1955 re-issue, and continuing until the film's 50th anniversary VHS release in 1989, these opening Kansas sequences were shown in black and white instead of the sepia tone as originally printed. (This includes television showings.)[54]

text: The MGM "Children's Matinees" series rereleased the film twice, in both 1970 and 1971.[55] It was for this release that the film received a G rating from the MPAA.

text: For the film's then-upcoming 60th anniversary, it was given a "Special Edition" rerelease in the fall of 1998, digitally restored and with remastered audio.

text: In 2002, the film had a very limited re-release in U.S. theaters, earning only $139,905.[56]

text: On September 23, 2009, the film was rereleased in select theaters for a one-night-only event in honor of its 70th anniversary and as a promotion for various new disc releases later in the month. An encore of this event was released in theaters on November 17, 2009.[57]

text: An IMAX 3D theatrical re-release played at 300 theaters in North America for one week only beginning September 20, 2013, as part of the film's 75th anniversary.[58] Warner Bros. spent $25 million on advertising. The studio hosted a premiere of the film's first IMAX 3D release on September 15, 2013, from the newly remodeled TCL Chinese Theatre (formerly Grauman's Chinese Theatre, the site of the film's Hollywood premiere) in Hollywood. It was the first to play at the new theater and served as the grand opening of Hollywood's first 3D IMAX screen. It was also shown as a special presentation at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival.[59] This re-release grossed $5.6 million at the North American box office.[60]

text: In 2013, in preparation for its IMAX 3D release, the film was submitted again to the MPAA for re-classification. According to MPAA rules, a film that has been altered in any way from its original version must be submitted for re-classification, as the 3-D conversion fell within that guideline. Surprisingly, the 3D version received a PG rating for "Some scary moments", although no change was made to the film's original story content. The 2D version still retains its G rating.[61]

text: The film was rereleased on January 11 and 14, 2015, as part of the "TCM Presents" series by Turner Classic Movies.[62]

text: Television[edit]

text: The film was first shown on television on November 3, 1956, by CBS, as the last installment of the Ford Star Jubilee.[63]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was among the first videocassettes (on both VHS and Betamax format for the 1980 release) by MGM/CBS Home Video in 1980;[64] all current home video releases are by Warner Home Video (via current rights holder Turner Entertainment). The first LaserDisc release of it was in 1982, with two versions of a second (one from Turner and one from The Criterion Collection with a commentary track) for the 50th anniversary release in 1989, a third in 1991, a fourth in 1993, a fifth in 1995 and a sixth and final LaserDisc release on September 11, 1996.[65]

text: Prior to the wide-home-video release in 1980, the film was also released multiple times for the home-video commercial market (on a limited scale) on Super 8 film (8 mm format) during the 1970s. These releases include an edited English version (roughly 10 minutes, and roughly 20 minutes), as well as edited Spanish versions of the classic. Also, a full commercial release of it was made on Super 8 (on multiple reels) that came out in the 1970s, as well, for the commercial market.[66]

text: In addition to VHS (and later, LaserDisc), the film has been released multiple times during the 1980s on the Betamax format, beginning in 1980 simultaneously with the VHS release.[67]

text: The film was released for the first and only time on the CED format in 1982 by MGM/UA Home Video.[68]

text: Outside of the North American and European markets, the film has also been released multiple times on the Video CD format since the 1990s in Asia.[69]

text: The first DVD release was on March 26, 1997, by MGM/Turner and contained no special features or supplements. It was re-released by Warner Bros. for its 60th anniversary on October 19, 1999, with its soundtrack presented in a new 5.1 surround sound mix. The monochrome-to-color transition was more smoothly accomplished by digitally keeping the inside of the house in monochrome while Dorothy and the reveal of Munchkinland are in color. [clarification needed] The DVD also contained a behind-the-scenes documentary, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz: The Making of a Movie Classic, produced in 1990 and hosted by Angela Lansbury, which was originally shown on television immediately following the 1990 telecast of the film; it had been featured in the 1993 "Ultimate Oz" LaserDisc release. Outtakes, the deleted "Jitterbug" musical number, clips of pre-1939 Oz adaptations, trailers, newsreels, and a portrait gallery were also included, as well as two radio programs of the era publicizing the film.

text: In 2005, two DVD editions were released, both featuring a newly restored version of the film with an audio commentary and an isolated music and effects track. One of the two DVD releases was a "Two-Disc Special Edition", featuring production documentaries, trailers, various outtakes, newsreels, radio shows and still galleries. The other set, a "Three-Disc Collector's Edition", included these features, as well as the digitally restored 80th-anniversary edition of the 1925 feature-length silent film version of The Wizard of Oz, other silent Oz adaptations and a 1933 animated short version.

text: The film was released on Blu-ray on September 29, 2009, for its 70th anniversary in a four-disc "Ultimate Collector's Edition", including all the bonus features from the 2005 Collector's Edition DVD, new bonus features about Victor Fleming and the surviving Munchkins, the telefilm The Dreamer of Oz: The L. Frank Baum Story, and the miniseries MGM: When the Lion Roars. For this edition, Warner commissioned a new transfer at 8K resolution from the original film negatives. The restoration job was given to Prime Focus World.[70] This restored version also features a lossless 5.1 Dolby TrueHD audio track.[71] A DVD version was also released as a Two-Disc Special Edition and a Five-Disc Ultimate Collector's Edition.[citation needed]

text: On December 1, 2009,[citation needed] three Blu-ray discs of the Ultimate Collector's Edition were repackaged as a less expensive "Emerald Edition", with an Emerald Edition four-disc DVD arriving the following week. A single-disc Blu-ray, containing the restored movie and all the extra features of the two-disc Special Edition DVD, also became available on March 16, 2010.[citation needed]

text: In 2013, the film was re-released on DVD, Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D and UltraViolet for the 90th anniversary of Warner Bros. and as part of its 75th anniversary.[58][72]

text: Also, multiple special editions were released in celebration of the film's the 75th anniversary in 2013, exclusively by both Best Buy (a SteelBook of the 3D Blu-ray) and another version that came with a keepsake lunch bag released by Target stores.[73][74]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: Academy Awards[edit]

text:
Awards

Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient
Outcome

Academy Awards[75]
February 29, 1940
Best Picture
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
Nominated

Best Cinematography, Color
Harold Rosson

Best Art Direction
Cedric Gibbons and William A. Horning

Best Effects, Special Effects
A. Arnold Gillespie and Douglas Shearer

Best Music, Original Score
Herbert Stothart
Won

Best Music, Original Song
"Over the Rainbow"
Music by Harold Arlen; Lyrics by E.Y. Harburg

Academy Juvenile Award
Judy Garland
For her outstanding performance as a screen juvenile during the past year. (She was jointly awarded for her performances in Babes in Arms and The Wizard of Oz).
Honorary

tag: table

text: American Film Institute lists[edit]

text: The American Film Institute (AFI) has compiled various lists which include this film or elements thereof.

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – No. 6
AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills – No. 43
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:

Wicked Witch of the West – No. 4 villain

AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:

"Over the Rainbow" – No. 1
"Ding-Dong! The Witch Is Dead" – No. 82

AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

"Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore." (Dorothy Gale) – No. 4
"There's no place like home." (Dorothy) – No. 23
"I'll get you, my pretty – and your little dog, too!" (Wicked Witch of the West) – No. 99

AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals – No. 3
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – No. 26
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – No. 10
AFI's 10 Top 10 – No. 1 Fantasy film[76]

text: Other honors[edit]

text:
1999: Rolling Stone's 100 Maverick Movies – No. 20.[77]
1999: Entertainment Weekly's 100 Greatest Films – No. 32.[78]
2000: The Village Voice's 100 Best Films of the 20th Century – No. 14.[79]
2002: Sight & Sound's Greatest Film Poll of Directors – No. 41.[80]
2005: Total Film's 100 Greatest Films – No. 83.[81]
2005: ranked among the top ten of the BFI list of the 50 films you should see by the age of 14.[82]
2007: Total Film's 23 Weirdest Films – No. 1.[83]
2007: The Observer ranked the film's songs and music at the top of its list of 50 greatest film soundtracks.[84]

text: Differences from the novel[edit]

text: Roughly 40 identifiable major differences exist between the original book and the MGM interpretation.[85][86]

text: Sequels and reinterpretations[edit]

text: The film was dramatized as a one-hour radio play on Lux Radio Theatre, which was broadcast on December 25, 1950, with Garland reprising her earlier role. In 1964, a one-hour animated cartoon called Return to Oz was shown as an afternoon weekend special on NBC.[citation needed] An official 1974 sequel, the animated Journey Back to Oz starring Liza Minnelli, daughter of Garland, was produced to commemorate the original film's 35th anniversary.[87]

text: In 1975, the stage show The Wiz premiered on Broadway. It was an African American version of The Wizard of Oz reworked for the stage. It starred Stephanie Mills and other Broadway stars and earned a number of Tony Awards. Its financing was handled by actor Geoffrey Holder. Its inspired revivals after it left the stage and an unsuccessful motion picture made in 1978, starring Diana Ross as Dorothy and Michael Jackson as the Scarecrow.[citation needed]

text: In 1985, Walt Disney Productions released the live-action fantasy film Return to Oz, which starred (and introduced) Fairuza Balk as a young Dorothy Gale.[88] Based loosely on The Marvelous Land of Oz (1904) and Ozma of Oz (1907), it fared rather poorly with critics who were unfamiliar with the Oz books and was not successful at the box office, although it has since become a popular cult film, with many considering it a more loyal and faithful adaptation of what L. Frank Baum envisioned.[89][90]

text: In 1995, Gregory Maguire published the novel Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West, which was adapted into the wildly successful Broadway musical Wicked. The story describes the life of the Wicked Witch of the West and other events prior to Dorothy's arrival.[citation needed]

text: For the film's 56th anniversary, a 1987 stage show also titled The Wizard of Oz was based upon it and the book by L. Frank Baum. It toured from 1995 to 2012, except for 2004.[citation needed]

text: In 2005, The Muppets Studio produced The Muppets' Wizard of Oz, a television film for ABC, starring Ashanti as Dorothy, Jeffrey Tambor as the Wizard, David Alan Grier as Uncle Henry, and Queen Latifah as Aunt Em. Kermit the Frog portrayed the Scarecrow, Gonzo portrayed the Tin Thing (Tin Man), Fozzie Bear portrayed the Lion and Miss Piggy portrayed all the Witches of the West, East, North and South.[citation needed]

text: In 2007, The Sci-Fi Channel released the three-part miniseries Tin Man, a science fiction continuation starring Zooey Deschanel as DG.

text: Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice wrote a stage musical of the same name, which opened in 2011 at the West End's London Palladium. It features all of the songs from the film plus new songs written by Lloyd Webber and Rice. Lloyd Webber also found Danielle Hope to play Dorothy on the reality show, Over the Rainbow. Another production opened in December 2012 at the Ed Mirvish Theatre in Toronto.[91] A reality TV show, also titled Over the Rainbow, found a Canadian girl, Danielle Wade, to play Dorothy.[92][93] The Canadian production then began a North American tour in September 2013.[94] An Australian tour will begin at the Lyric Theatre, Queensland Performing Arts Centre in November 2017, followed by a season at the Capitol Theatre, Sydney beginning December 2017.[95]

text: An animated film called Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz was released in 2011 by Warner Home Video, incorporating Tom and Jerry into the story as Dorothy's "protectors".[96] A sequel titled Tom and Jerry: Back to Oz was released on DVD on June 21, 2016.[97]

text: Writer-director Hugh Gross' independent film After the Wizard, produced in 2010, relates events after those of the film. It was released to DVD on August 7, 2012.[citation needed]

text: In 2013, Walt Disney Pictures released a spiritual prequel titled, Oz the Great and Powerful. It was directed by Sam Raimi, and starred James Franco, Mila Kunis, Rachel Weisz and Michelle Williams. It was the second film based on Baum's Oz series to be produced by Disney, after Return to Oz. It was a commercial success and received a mixed critical reception.[98][99]

text: In 2014, now-defunct independent film company Clarius Entertainment released a big-budget animated musical film, Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return,[100] which follows Dorothy's second trip to Oz. The film was a box office bomb and was received negatively by critics largely for its plot and unmemorable musical numbers.

text: Cultural impact[edit]

text: Regarding the original Baum storybook, it has been said that "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is America's greatest and best-loved home grown fairytale. The first totally American fantasy for children, it is one of the most-read children's books ... and despite its many particularly American attributes, including a wizard from Omaha, The Wonderful Wizard of Oz has universal appeal."[101]

text: The film also has been deemed "culturally significant" by the United States Library of Congress, which selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry in 1989. In June 2007, the film was listed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register.[102] The film placed at number 86 on Bravo's 100 Scariest Movie Moments.[103] In 1977, Aljean Harmetz wrote The Making of The Wizard of Oz, a detailed description of the creation of the film based on interviews and research; it was updated in 1989.[104]

text: Ruby slippers[edit]

text: Because of their iconic stature,[105] the ruby slippers worn by Judy Garland in the film are now among the most treasured and valuable film memorabilia in movie history.[106] The silver slippers that Dorothy wore in the book series were changed to ruby to take advantage of the new Technicolor process. Adrian, MGM's chief costume designer, was responsible for the final design. A number of pairs were made, though no one knows exactly how many.

text: After filming, the slippers were stored among the studio's extensive collection of costumes and faded from attention. They were found in the basement of MGM's wardrobe department during preparations for a mammoth auction in 1970. One pair was the highlight of the auction, going for a then unheard of $15,000 to an anonymous buyer, who apparently donated them to the Smithsonian Institution in 1979. Four other pairs are known to exist; one sold for $666,000 at auction in 2000. A pair was stolen from the Judy Garland Museum in Grand Rapids, Minnesota and remains missing.[107]

text: Another, differently styled pair unused in the film was sold at auction with the rest of her collections by owner actress Debbie Reynolds for $510,000 (not including the buyer's premium) in June 2011.[108]

text: Impact upon LGBT culture[edit]


document_title: A Dog's Purpose (film)

question_text: who does the dogs voice in a dog's purpose

question_tokens: who does the dogs voice in a dog 's purpose

text: A Dog's Purpose (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In the 1950s, a feral puppy named Toby is whisked away to the dog pound and quickly euthanized, wondering if "fun" truly is life's purpose.

text: His strong spirit is reborn and reincarnated as a newborn Retriever puppy in 1961. Toby leaves his cage at a puppy mill and is found by two garbage men who plan to sell him. They leave to drink, and Toby is spotted locked inside their pick-up truck by a young boy named Ethan and his mother, who rescue him from heatstroke. After they convince Ethan's father, the dog is allowed to stay and is renamed Rhys Bayly.

text: Bailey and Ethan bond quickly, especially over the summer when the family visits Ethan's maternal grandparents' farm, and Bailey now believes Ethan alone is his purpose. Years pass, and after several attempts at advancing in his job fail, Ethan's father has become a deadbeat alcoholic.

text: Over the summer, Ethan goes to a fair with Bailey and meets Hannah, who he quickly begins dating. Ethan and Hannah spend their summer happy together though their senior years are upcoming, but they plan to go to the same school; Ethan getting a football scholarship and Hannah following him on an academic one. When he goes home one night, Ethan's father is drunk and shouting at Ethan's mother. He turns on Ethan then and when his mother tries to keep them separated, he shoves her to the ground. Ethan orders his father to leave and never come back.

text: Later, at a game watched by scouts, Ethan is offered a scholarship to Michigan State, but that night a vindictive classmate named Todd throws a lit firecracker into Ethan's house as a prank, which unintentionally results in a house fire. Bailey alerts Ethan, who goes to save his mother. Unable to get out of the door, they head out through his mother's bedroom window upstairs. Ethan first lowers her with her sheets to the neighbors below, then saves Bailey. However, he drops his rope and must jump, badly fracturing his leg and ending his athletic scholarship. Bailey attacks Todd, who is arrested by the police when firecrackers fall out of his pocket. Now, Ethan must go to an agricultural school where he will learn to take over his grandparents' farm. Falling into depression, Ethan breaks off his romance with Hannah before leaving for college, while Bailey stays with Ethan's grandparents. Sometime afterward, an aged Bailey is put to sleep at the veterinarian's office.

text: Bailey reincarnates into another dog life, a female German Shepherd police dog named Ellie, sometime in the late 1970s/early 1980s, while possessing full memories of his past lives. Ellie is partnered with a widowed officer named Carlos from the Chicago Police Department and works hard at "seeking" and "finding", now seeing the job as life's purpose. The two form a close relationship which ends after Ellie saves a kidnapped girl from drowning and is then fatally shot by the kidnapper but survived.

text: Reborn again in the mid-1980s as a Pembroke Welsh Corgi, he forms a bond with an Atlanta college student named Maya who names him Tino. Maya is lonely, and Tino makes it his purpose to find her some happiness. She starts a relationship with a classmate named Al who she begins seeing after Tino falls for Al's dog, a black and white Landseer named Roxie. Maya and Al marry and have 3 children. In love with Roxie, Tino is heartbroken when one day she does not return from the vet. As he lies sleeping, Tino thanks Maya for giving him one of his best lives.

text: Tino is again reborn and reincarnated, this time as a St. Bernard-Australian Shepherd mix, only to be taken in by a neglectful urban couple who name him Waffles. Waffles is dumped in an abandoned lot and sets off in search of a new life. He gradually makes his way to the country area where he spent summers as Bailey and joyfully reunites with his old master Ethan, who is now in his 50s, living a lonely life at his grandparents' old farm, which he now owns and runs. Ethan hands him over to the local animal shelter but soon has a change of heart and reclaims him, naming him Buddy. Buddy, sensing that he has finally found the true purpose of life, reunites Ethan with a widowed Hannah, and they get married.

text: Buddy convinces Ethan that he is his beloved childhood pet by performing some tricks and responding to key phrases that were known only to the two of them many years ago. The dog in voiceover tells the viewer that life is about having fun; saving others; not getting caught in the past or regrets; finding someone to be with; and living for today.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Josh Gad as the voice of Toby, Bailey, Ellie, Tino, Waffles and Buddy.
Dennis Quaid as Ethan Montgomery (adult)[7]
KJ Apa as teenage Ethan Montgomery[7]
Bryce Gheisar as eight-year old Ethan Montgomery
Juliet Rylance as Elizabeth Montgomery, Ethan's mother.[7]
Peggy Lipton as older Hannah[7]
Britt Robertson as teenage Hannah[7]
John Ortiz as Carlos Ruiz
Kirby Howell-Baptiste as Maya
Pooch Hall as Al[8]
Luke Kirby as Jim Montgomery, Ethan's father
Michael Bofshever as Bill, Ethan's grandfather
Gabrielle Rose as Fran, Ethan's grandmother
Logan Miller as Todd, the vindictive classmate

text: Production[edit]

text: In 2015, DreamWorks acquired the film rights for Cameron's novel.[9] On May 8, 2015, it was announced Lasse Hallström would direct the film.[10] On August 5, 2015, Britt Robertson and Dennis Quaid joined the cast.[7] On September 18, 2015, Pooch Hall was cast in the film.[8] On October 15, 2015, Bradley Cooper joined the cast to play the dog's inner voice.[11] He was eventually replaced by Josh Gad.[12] Principal photography began on August 17, 2015.[13]

text: Release[edit]

text: In December 2015, the film switched from a DreamWorks Pictures release to under the Amblin Entertainment banner as per Amblin Partners' newly enacted branded strategy.[14] The film was released by Universal Pictures on January 27, 2017.[15] Universal also distributed it overseas, except for countries where Mister Smith Entertainment handled international sales.

text: Box office[edit]

text: A Dog's Purpose has grossed $64.5 million in the United States and Canada and $131.9 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $196.4 million, against a production budget of $22 million.[2]

text: In North America it was released alongside Resident Evil: The Final Chapter and Gold, and was projected to gross $18–22 million from 3,050 theaters in its opening weekend, slightly lower than initial $27 million tracking had the film debuting to before boycotts against the film were called for.[3] It made $466,000 from Thursday night previews and $5.3 million on its first day. It ended up debuting to $18.2 million, finishing second at the box office behind the second weekend of Universal's own Split.[16] The film dropped 40.6% in its second weekend, grossing $10.8 million and finishing third at the box office.[17]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 33% based on 133 reviews, and an average rating of 4.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads:

text:
“

A Dog's Purpose offers an awkward blend of sugary sentiment and canine suffering that tugs at animal-loving audiences' heartstrings with shameless abandon.[18]

”

text: On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 43 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[19] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[20]

text: Home media[edit]

text: A Dog's Purpose was released on digital HD on April 18, 2017, and was followed by a release on Blu-ray and DVD on May 2, 2017, from Universal Pictures Home Entertainment.[21][22] The film topped the home video sales chart for the week ending on May 7, 2017.[23]

text: Animal abuse allegations[edit]

text: On January 18, 2017, a video surfaced on TMZ showing footage taken from the set of the film, which shows a German Shepherd named Hercules being dragged and dipped into rushing water while visibly resisting.[24] After a cut in the video, the next clip shows the dog being submerged in the water at the other end of the tank while a voice on set can be heard shouting "CUT IT!", and various people are then seen rushing towards the dog.[25] The American Humane Association, which ensures that animals are not harmed in entertainment productions, announced that its representative on set had been suspended over the incident, and that the incident was under further investigation.[26][27] PETA called for a boycott of the film.[28] Actor Josh Gad, who voices the dog in the movie, was not on set during the making of the film, but stated that he was "shaken and sad to see any animal put in a situation against its will".[29] Director Lasse Hallström stated on Twitter that he "did not witness" the actions in the video, and was "very disturbed" by the footage.[30] Due to the release of the video, Universal Pictures cancelled the film's scheduled January 19 Los Angeles premiere.[31]

text: Amblin Entertainment released a statement in regards to the incident, saying that "on the day of the shoot, Hercules did not want to perform the stunt portrayed on the tape so the Amblin production team did not proceed with filming that shot", and that "Hercules is happy and healthy".[32] On February 4, 2017, the American Humane Association reported that an independent third-party animal-cruelty expert had concluded that safety measures on the set of the film were in place and the video had been deliberately edited to mislead the public.[6]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: On June 21, 2017, CEO of Amblin Entertainment Michael Wright announced that a sequel was in development.[33]


document_title: Elastration

question_text: how long does it take for castration bands to work

text: Elastration

text: Castration[edit]

text: Elastration is the most common method used to castrate sheep and goats,[1] but is also common in cattle.[2]

text: Procedure[edit]

text: Elastration involves restraining the animal, without the need for anesthesia or sedation (unlike most other castration methods), in a position that provides access to the genitals. Special elastrator pliers are then used to place a tight latex (rubber) elastrator ring gently around the base of the scrotum.[3] This cuts the blood supply to the scrotum and testicles, which will totally decay and slough off within a few weeks.[4] Care must be taken during the procedure to ensure that both testicles are fully descended and properly located inside the scrotum, and that the animal's nipples are not included within the ring. Elastration is normally limited to castrations done during the first few weeks of life, and it cannot be used for species where the scrotum does not have a narrow base, such as pigs or horses. It is commonly recommended to not use this method on goats until they are 8 weeks or older. This is due to possible complications that could occur later in life like Urinary Calculi. "Goats banding from day 1–30 are most at risk." [1] There are those who feel that this method is inhumane and choose to use other methods. These methods would include what some call the "Emasculatome", "Burdizzo", or "Richey Nipper". The Burdizzo and Richey Nipper are names of tools used for the process of the emasculatome.

text: Possible complications[edit]

text: Some European countries have banned the practice due to their belief that the procedure is inhumane. There is some evidence that elastration is more painful if carried out on older animals,[5][6] although much of the immediate pain of application can be prevented by injection of local anaesthesia into the scrotal neck and testicles.[7] Practitioners usually try to elastrate as soon as possible, once the testicles have descended, to reduce the amount of dead tissue, infection, and accompanying complications.[2] However, with some animals such as goats, castrating too early increases the frequency of kidney stones and urinary problems due to reduced size of the urethra, so elastration may be postponed.[8] If bull calves are castrated within the first one or two days the testes may sometimes be small and soft enough to be drawn up through the ring, and they continue to develop above the scrotum – surgical castration then becomes necessary.

text: Docking[edit]

text: The same tool and rings are also used to dock the tails of many breeds of sheep, to prevent dung building up on the tails (which can lead to fly strike). This is usually done at the same time as castration of the ram lambs.

text: It is also called sheep marking in Australia.


document_title: List of National Highways in India by state

question_text: the national highway connecting goalpara and guwahati is

text: Andaman & Nicobar[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

OSM Relation

Route

Length (km.)

1

4

5781630

Mayabandar, Port Blair, Chiriyatapu

230

-

-

-

Total

230 km

text: Andhra Pradesh[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

OSM Rel

Route

Length(km.)

1

16

5775670

Orissa border, Visakhapatnam, Rajamahendravaram, Eluru, Vijayawada, Ongole, Nellore, Tamil Nadu border

1024.00

2

26

5776158

Chhattisgarh border, Vizianagaram, Natavalsa

90.33

3

30

5781158

Chhattisgarh border, Vijayawada

65

4

40

5793652

Kurnool, Chittoor, Tamil Nadu border

384.00

5

42

5793687

Karnataka border, Uravakonda, Anantapur,  Madanapalli, Tamil Nadu border

381.95

6

44

5803176

Telangana border, Kurnool, Gooty, Anantapur, Karnataka border

260.99

7

65

5826829

Suryapet, Telangana border, Machilipatnam

145.75

8

67

Karnataka border, Gooty,  Tadipatri, Muddanur, Maidukuru, Nellore, Krishnapatnam Port

395.89

9

69

5829392

Karnataka border, Chittoor

62.00

10

71

5829482

Madanapalle, Tirupati, Renigunta, Yerpedu, Nayudupeta

191.00

11

75

5830693

Karnataka border, Venkatagirikota, Tamil Nadu border

23.40

12

140

Puthalapattu, Tirupati

58.85

13

165

5826846

Pamarru, Digamarru

107.40

14

167

Karnataka border, Adoni, Mantralayam, Telangana border

111.15

15

216

5807074

Kathipudi, Kakinada, Yanam, Amalapuram, Digamarru, Narasapuram, Machilipatnam, Ongole

391.289

16

326

Odisha border, Chinturu

13.60

17

326A

5776179

Odisha border, Kotabommali Junction, Narasannapeta

40.00

18

340

Rayachoti, Chinnamandem,  Gurramkonda, Kurabalakota Road

60.22

19

565

5826939

Telangana border, Macherla, Yerragonda Palem, Markapuram, Kanigiri, Venkatagiri, Yerpedu

420.05

20

716

5837053

Tamil Nadu border, Kadapa

45.80

21

765

5826980

Telangana border, Srisailam, Dornala, Tokapalle

77.60

22

216A

5761202

Gondugolanu, Tanaku, Ravulapalem, Rajahmundry

121

23

516E

7135348

Rajamundry, Junction with SH38/41 south of Rampachodavaram, Koyyuru, Chintapalli, Lambasingi, Paderu, Aruku, Bowadara, Tadipudi,  Vizianagaram

406

Total

4422.53

text: Source: Roads and Buildings Department (Andhra Pradesh)[3]

text: Arunachal Pradesh[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

OSM Rel

Route

Length(km.)

1

115

3217348

Assam border - Roing

19.50

3

415

3217523

Assam border - Itanagar - Assam border

50.76

4

215

3217522

Mahadevpur - Namchik - Changlang - Khonsa - Kanubari - Assam border

266.64

5

315

3217452

Assam border - Myanmar border (Still Well road)

32.49

6

13

3215052

Tawang - Bomdila - Nechipu - Seppa - Sagalee - Ziro - Daporijo - Along - Pasighat (NH-52)

1040.66

7

315A

3217452

Khonsa on NH -52 B - Hukanjuri - Assam Border

35

8

713

3215052

NH-13 near Joram connecting Palin- Sangram- terminating at Koloriang

158

9

513

3215052

NH-13 near Passighat connecting Mariyang and terminating at Yingkiong

140

10

313

3215052

NH-13 near Meka connecting Anini.

235

11

113

3215052

NH-13 near Hawacamp connecting Hayuliang and terminating near Hawai

165

12

713A

3215052

NH-13 near Hoj connecting Yupia and terminating at its junction with NH-415 near Pappu

35

-

-

-

Total

2513.05 km

text: Assam[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

31

W.B. Border - Gouripur - North Salmara - Bijni - Nalbari - Rangia - Charali Amingaon (NH-37)

307.75

2

31B

North Salmara - Abhayapuri - Jogighopa (NH-37)

19.66

3

31C

W.B. Border - Kochugaon - Sidli - Bijni (NH-31)

93

4

36

Nagaon - Dabaka - Amlakhi - Nagaland Border

154.2

5

37

Goalpara (NH-31B) - Paikan - Boko - Guwahati - Sonapur - Raha - Bokaghat - Numaligarh - Jorhat - Jhanzi -
Morahat - Dibrugarh - Makum - Saikhoghat - Arunachal Pradesh Border

685.33

6

37A

Kuwari Tal (NH-37) – Tezpur (NH.-52)

23.1

7

38

Makum - Ledo - Likhapani

56.35

8

39

Numaligarh - Garampani - Naojan - Bokajan - Nagaland Border

106.78

9

44

Meghalaya Border - Badarpur - Karimganj - Patharkandi - Tripura Border

110.77

10

51

Paikan - Meghalaya Border

21.87

11

52

Baihata Charali - Mangaldai - Dhekiajuli - Tezpur - Gohpur-Bander Dewa - North Lakhimpur - Dhemaji - Kulajan - Arunachal Pradesh BorderArunachal     Pradesh border - near Saikhoaghat (NH-31)

540.76

12

52A

Gohpur - Arunachal Pradesh Border Arunachal Pradesh border - Bander Dewa

9.23

13

52B

Kulajan - Dibrugarh - Arunachal Pradesh border

79.32

14

53

Badarpur (NH-44) - Silchar - Lakhipur - Manipur Border

73.55

15

54

Dabaka - Lumding - Langting - Haflong - Silchar - Dwarband - Mizoram Border

321.37

16

61

Jhanzi - Amguri - Nagaland border

17.51

17

62

Damara - Meghalaya Border

8.60

18

151

Karimganj - Bangladesh Border

14.06

19

152

Patacharkuchi - Hajua - Bhutan Border

38

20

153

Ledo - Likhapani - Arunachal Pradesh Border

23.7

21

154

Dhaleshwar (Badarpur) - Bhairabhi - Mizoram Border

88.23

22

315A New

Arunachal Pradesh Border - Nahorkatia - Tinsukia ( NH-37)

64.22

23

127B New

Srimrampur – Dhuburi - Meghalaya border

74

24

127C New

Shyamthai - Hithijhar State PWD road statarting from NH- 27 in Chirang District, Assam and meeting at Galegphu in Bhutan.

40

25

127D New

Rangiya - Darrangamela State PWD road starting from NH- 27 in the district of Kamrup, Assam and meeting at Samdrupjunjkhar in Bhutan.

48.6

26

627 New

Nelle (Amsoi Gate)-NH-27 connecting Rajagaon, Doyangmukh, Umrangso, Khobak and terminating at NH-27 near Harangajao in the State of Assam

244

27

427 New

Howli on NH-27- Barpeta- Hajo- Jalukbari on NH 27

108

28

329 New

NH-29 near Manja connecting Diphu and terminating at its junction with new NH No. 27 near Lumding

54.6

29

117A

NH-17 near Bilasipara connecting Kokrajhar and terminating at its junction with New NH-27 near Garubhasa in the State of Assam

47

30

715A

NH-27 near Nakhola connecting Jagiroad, Marigaon, Kaupati, Rowta, Udalguri, Khoirabari and terminating at Indo/Bhutan border in the State of Assam

125

31

127E

NH-27 near Barama connecting Baska, Subankhata and terminating at Indo/Bhutan border in the State of Assam

65

32

702 New

Sonari -new NH No. 215 near Sapekhati in the State of Assam.

32

33

702C New

Sibasagar on NH-2 connecting Simalguri and terminating at its junction with new NH No. 702 at Sonari.

48

-

-

Total

3743.55 km

text: Bihar[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

2

U.P. Border-Mohania - Sasaram - Dehri - Aurangabad - Madanpur - Dobhi - Barachati - Jharkhand Border

206

2

2C

Dehri - Akbarpur - Jadunathpur

105

3

19

U.P. Border – Manjhi – Chhapra - Sonpur - Hajipur - Patna

92.7

4

28

Barauni - Bachwara - Tajpur - Muzaffarpur - Mehsi - Chakia - Gopalganj - U.P. Border.

267.3

5

28A

Pipra Kothi (NH-28) - Sagauli - Raxaul

66.7

6

28B

Chapwa - Bettiah - Lauriya - Bagaha - Chhitauni Rail-cum-Road Bridge - U.P. Border

112

7

30

Mohania (NH-2) - Kochas - Dinara - Bikramganj - Piro - Ara - Danapur - Patna - Phatuha - Bakhitiyarpur

230

8

30A

Phatuha - Chandi - Harnaut - Barh

69

9

31

Jhankhand Border - Rajauli - Nawada - Bihar Sharif - Bakhitiyarpur - Barh - Mokoma - Begusarai - Barauni - Balia - Khagaria - Bihpur - Kursela – Purnia – Baisi - W.B. Border- Kishanganj- W.B. Border

404

10

57

Muzaffarpur - Darbhanga - Jhanjharpur - Narahia - Narpatganj - Forbesganj - Araria - Purnia

310

11

57A

Forbesganj (NH-57) - Jogbani

13

12

77

Hajipur - Muzaffarpur - Sitamarhi - Sonbarsa

139

13

80

Mokamah - Luckeesarai - Munger - Bhagalpur - Kahalgaon - Jharkhand Border

190

14

81

Kora - Katihar - W.B. Border

55

15

82

Gaya - Hisua - Rajgir - Bar Bigha - Mokama

148

16

83

Patna - Jahanabad - Bela - Gaya - Dobhi (NH-2)

125

17

84

Buxar - Barhampur - Shahpur - Ara

74

18

85

Chhapra - Ekma - Siwan - Gopalganj

92

19

98

Patna - Arwal - Daudnagar - Aurangabad - Amba - Jharkhand border

152.01

20

99

Dobhi - Hardawan - Jharkhand Border

11.2

21

101

Chhapra - Baniapur - Mohamadpur

65

22

102

Chhapra - Rewaghat - Muzaffarpur

75

23

103

Hajipur - Hazrat Jandaha - Mushrigharari

59

24

104

Chakia - Madhuban - Shivhar - Sitamarhi - Sursand - Jaynagar - Narahia

214

25

105

Darbhanga - Keotiranway - Aunsi - Jaynagar

54

26

106

Birpur - Pipra - Madhepura - Kishanganj - Bihpur

135.1

27

107

Maheshkund - Sonbarsa Raj - Simribakhtiarpur - Bariahi - Saharsa - Madhepura - Banmankhi - Purnia

180

28

110

Arwal (NH-98) - Jahanabad - Kako - Ekangar - Sarai - Biharsharif (NH-31)

90

29

122A New

Vishwanathpur Chowk (NH-22) - Koili - Nanpur (NH-527C )

31.82

30

131A New

West Bengal / Bihar Border - Ahmedabad, Manihari, Katihar on NH-31 and terminating at Purnia on NH-27 in the State of Bihar

52

31

133 New

Junction with NH-33 - Jharkhand border

10.96

32

327 Ext. New

Bangaon (Bariyahi Bazar) (NH-107) - Supaul - Pipra - Tribeniganj - Bhargama - Raniganj - Araria - Bahadurganj -
Thakurganj - Galgalia (NH-31C) (WB border)

227.11

33

327A New

Supaul (NH-327) - Bhaptiahi (NH-27)

25

34

333 New

Bariyarpur (NH-80) - Kharagpur - Laxmipur - Jamui - Chakai - Jharkhand Border

146.7

35

527C New

Majhauli (NH-57) - Katra - Jajuar - Pupri - Charout (NH-104)

64.2

36

333A New

NH-33 near Bar Bigha connecting Shekhpura, Sikandra, Jamui, Jha-Jha, Banka- Jharkhand Border

173

37

527A New

New NH No.527 B near Pokhrauni Chowk Connecting Madhubani, Rampatti, Bhagwatipur, Kothia Bharam and Terminating at its junction with new NH No. 57 four line near Jhanjharpur

30

38

219 New

New NH No. 19 near Mohania connecting Bhabhua, Chainpur, Chand - U.P. Border

44

39

333B

Junction with NH33 at Munger and terminating at its junction with NH No-31 at Khagaria

17.69

-

-

Total

4556.49 km

text: Chandigarh[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

NH 21

Chandigarh (NH-22)

15.27

-

-

Total

15.27 km

text: Chhattisgarh[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

6

Maharashtra Border - Baghnadi - Chichola - Rajnandgaon - Durg - Bhilai - Raipur - Arang - Pithora - Basna - Saraipali - Odisha Border

322

2

12A

M.P. Border - Chilpi - Kawardha - Pipariya - Bemetara - Simga

126

3

16

Maharashtra border - Bhopalpatnam - Bijapur - Bhairamgarh - Gidam - Jagdalpur

217

4

43

Raipur - Marod - Dhamtari - Charama - Kanker - Keskal - Parasgaon - Kondagaon - Jagdalpur - Odisha Border

313.6

5

78

M.P. Border - Mahendragarh - Baikunthpur - Surajpur - Ambikapur - Pathalgaon - Kunkuri - Raikera - Jashpurnagar - Rupsera - Jharkhand Border

353

6

111

Bilaspur - Ratanpur - Katghora - Kendai - Laxmanpur - Ambikapur

223

7

200

Raipur - Simga - Baitalpur - Bilaspur - Ramgarh - Champa - Sakti - Uravmiti - Raigarh - Odisha Border

312.6

8

202

Bhopalpatnam - Bhadrakali - Kotturu - A.P. Border

36

9

216

Raigarh - Sarangarh - Saraipali (NH-6)

86.8

10

217

Raipur - Mahasamund - Suarmar - Odisha Border

65.6

11

221

A.P. Border - Konta - Sukma - Kukanar - Darba - Sosanpal - Jagadalpur (NH-16)

170.8

12

343 New

Ambikapur (NH-78) - Semarsot - Ramanujganj - Jharkhand border

110

13

130D

NH-30 on Kondagaon and terminating at Narainpur

47

14

163A

Geedam(Gidam) on NH-63 and terminating at Dantewara

15

15

149B New

NH-49 near Champa connecting Korba, Chhuri and terminating at its junction with new NH No. 130 near Katghora

90

16

130C New

NH-30 near Abhanpur connecting Rajim, Gariaband, Bardula, Deobhog- Odisha Border

199

16

930 New

NH-30 near Purur connecting Balod, Kusumkasa, Kumhari, Manpur- Maharashtra Border

116

16

130A New

NH-30 near Pondi connecting Pandaria, Mungeli, and terminating at NH-130 on Bilaspur

97

16

130B New

Raipur on NH-30 connecting Palari, Baloda Bazar, Kasdol and terminating at its junction with NH No. 153 near Sarangarh

178

-

-

Total

3078.4 km

text: Delhi[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

2

Ashram on Ring Road - Badarpur - Haryana Border

12

2

1

Rajghat -Outer Ring Road/ Transport Nagar- Haryana Border

22

3

8

Ring Road at Dhuala Kuan - Haryana Border

13

4

10

Outer Ring Road - Mundka - Haryana Border

18

5

24

Ring road at Nizamuddin bridge - Ghazipur crossing - U.P. Border

7

6

236

Mehrauli - Andheria More - Chhatarpur T-Point - Hayrana border

8

-

-

Total

80 km

text: Dadar Nagar Haveli (U.T)[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

848A

Dadra Border - Pipriya (Piparia) - Silvassa - Ultanfalia - Bhurkudfalia - Khadol - Surangi - Velugam in the Union Territory of Dadra Nagar Haveli / Maharashtra Border

31

-

-

Total

31 km

text: Daman & Diu (U.T)[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

251 New

NH-51 near Una in the State of Gujarat connecting Ghoghla- Gujarat Border

10

2

848B

Ambawadi- Patalia Coastal Highway- Gujarat Border

12

-

-

Total

22 km

text: Goa[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

4A

Karnataka Border - Darbandora - Ponda - Bhoma - Banastari - Panaji

69.55

2

17

Maharashtra Border - Pernem - Mapusa - Panaji - Cortalim - Verna - Margao - Cuncolim - Chaudi - Polem - Karnataka Boader

137.55

3

17A

Cortalim (Kortali) - Sancoale - Chicalim - Murmugao

16.45

4

17B

Ponda - Verna - Vasco de Gama

38.45

-

-

Total

262 km

text: Gujarat[edit]

text:
Sr.1

Route

Length (km.)

1

753B

Netrang-Dediapada-Sagbara up to Maharashtra Border

60

text: Haryana[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

1

Sonipat-Panipat-Karnal-Kurukshetra-Ambala

2

text: Himachal Pradesh[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

21

chandigarh to manali

text: Jammu and Kashmir[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

1A

Leh - Kargil - Srinagar - Pattan - Baramula - Uri

2

text: Jharkhand[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

75

From UP Border - Nagar untari - Garhwa - Daltonganj - Latehar - Chandwa - Kuru - Mandar - Ranchi - Khunti - Band Gaon - Chakradharpur - Chaibasa - Jainitgarhup to Orissa Border

447 km (278 mi)

2

33

near Barhi - Hazaribag - Ramgarh - Ranchi - Bundu - Chandil - Jamshedpur- Mahulia - Junction with NH6 near Baharagora.

352 km (219 mi)

3

133

near Godda-Deoghar-Pirpainti-junction with NH 80 near Bhagalpur.

200 km

text: Karnataka[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

42

(NH63) NH 67 near Joladaraashi, Andrapradesh Border

4.40

2

44

Andhra Pradesh border - - Bangalore - Tamil Nadu border

134.02

3

48

Maharashtra Border - Belgam, Chitradurga, (NH7) Bengaluru, - Andhra Pradesh border

699.58

4

648

(NH207) NH 48 near Nelamangla, Dodaballapur, Devenhalli (NH44), Sarajpur, Bagalur, NH 48 near Hosur

130.13

5

748

(NH4A) NH 48 near Belgaum, Anmod, Panda, NH 66 near Panaji

84.12

6

948

Tamil Nadu Border - Punjur - Chamrajnagar - Yelandur - Kollegal - Malavalli - Sathnur -
Kanakaapura - Bangalore

203.52

7

50

Bidar, Homanabad near (NH218) NH 65, Gulbarga, Jevargi, (NH13) Bijapur, Hospet, NH 48 near Lakshmisagara

544

8

150

NH 50 near Gulbarga, Yadagiri, NH 167 near Devasuguru

137

9

150A

NH 50 near Jewargi, Siruguppa, Bellary, Challakere, Hiriyur, Chikkanayakanahalli, Nagamangala, Srirangapatna, Mysore, Nanjangud, NH - 948 near Chamarajnagar

618

10

150E

NH - 50 near Gulbarga, Chowdapur, Afzalpur, Maharashtra border

73

11

52

NH - 66 near Ankola, Hubli, Bijapura, Maharashtra border

401

12

65

Telangana border to Maharashtra border via Homanabad (NH - 9)

75.01

13

66

(NH17)Goa border Karwar, Honavar, Udupi, Mangalore, Kerala border

301.10

14

766

(NH212) Kerala border, Gundlulpet, Mysore, NH 948 near Kollegal

151

15

766C

Junction with NH - 66 near Byndur (Baindur) connecting Kollur, Hosanagara, Anandapura,
Ananthapura, Shikarpur, Masur and terminating at its junction with NH - 48 near Ranibennur

198

16

67

(NH63) NH 48 near Hubli, Gadag, Koppal, Hosepet, Bellary, Anandrapradesh border

265

17

167

NH 67 near Bellary karekal, AP border

71.40

18

367

NH 67 near Bhanapur, Kukunur, Yelburga, Gajendragad, Badami, Guledagudda, Bagalkot, NH 52 near Gadankeri

157

19

69

(NH206) NH 66 near Honnavar, Shimoga, (NH234) Banavar, Hulyar, Sira, Madhugiri, Chintamani, (NH4) Mulbagal,

544

20

169

(NH13) NH 69 near Shimoga, Tirthahalli, Kopa, Karkal, NH 66 near Mangalore

215

21

169A

NH - 169 near Thirthahali, Agumbe, Hebri, NH - 66 near Udupi

87

22

369

(NH13) NH 69 near Shimoga, Channagiri, Holalkere, NH 48 near Chitradurga

105

23

73

(NH234) NH 66 near Mangaluru, Beluru, Halebeedu, Javagal, (NH206) Banavara, huliyar, Chitradurga, villupuram

316

24

173

NH73 near Mudigere, Chikmagalur, NH69 near Kadur

72

25

75

(NH48) NH 73 near Bantval, Hassan, (NH4) Nelamangala, Bengaluru, Kolar, (NH234) Mulbagal

453

26

275

NH - 75 near Bantwal, Puttur, Sullia, Madikeri, Kushalanagar, Bylakuppe, Hunsur, Mysuru,  Srirangapatna, Mandya, Ramanagaram, NH75 near Bengaluru (Bangalore)

367

27

181

NH - 766 near gundlupet to Tamil Nadu border

26.01

-

-

Total

6432.28 km

text: Kerala[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

OSM Relation

Route

Length (km.)

1

66

5828181

Thalapadi - Kaliyakkavila

669.437

2

85

5830968

Bodimettu - Kundannoor

167.61

3

183

5830952

Kottarakkara- Adoor-Kottayam- Kanjirapilly -Primed- Kumily

190.3

4

185

5830973

Adimali - Cheruthoni - Painavu - Kumily (NH 183)

98

5

183A

5830954

Adoor - Pathanamthitta - Vadserikkara - Lahai - Vandiperiyar

145

6

544

5804290

Valayar - Edappally

160

7

744

5804338

Kollam - Kazhuthuritty

81.28

8

766

5828352

Kozhikode - Muthanga

117.6

9

966

5828374

Ferokh - Palakkad

125.304

10

966A

5828385

Kalamassery - Vallarpadam

17

11

966B

5828387

Kundannoor - Willington Island

5.92

-

-

-

Total

1811.52 km

text: Madhya Pradesh[edit]

text:
1

NH 75

Gwalior–Rewas–Sidhi–Deosar–Singrauli

600 km

2

NH 12

Jaipur–Jabalpur

900 km

3

NH 3

Gwalior–Shivpuri–Guna–Shajapur–Maksi–Dewas–Indore–Sendhwa

text: Maharashtra[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

3

Mumbai - Sangvi(near Madhya Pradesh border)

202

2

4

Junction with NH 3 near Thane - Kagal(near Karnataka border)

388

3

6

Navapur(near Gujarat border) - Duggipar(near Chhattisgarh border)

755

4

8

Mumbai - Talsari(near Gujarat border )

166

5

9

Pune - Umarga(on Karnataka border)

333

6

13

Solapur - Mandrup(near Karnataka border)

30

7

17

Mumbai - Patradevi(near Goa border)

552

8

50

Nashik - Pune

159

9

204

Ratnagiri - Kolhapur

127

10

211

Dhule - Solapur

456

11

161 New

Akola - Telangana border

295

text: | Nagpur - chendrapur | 293

text: Manipur[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

2

text: Meghalaya[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

text: Mizoram[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

2

text: Nagaland[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

2

text: Odisha[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

5

Jharpokharia - Baripada - Bentnoti - Baisinga - Balashwar - Bhadrak - Bhandarpokhari - Jagatpur -
Cuttack - Bhubaneswar - Khordha - Chhatrapur - Brahmpur - Andhra Pradesh Border

488

2

5A

Junction with National Highway No. 5 near Haridaspur-Paradip Port

77

3

6

Chhattisgarh Border - Lobarchatti - Bargarh - Attabira - Sambalpur - Deogarh - Barakot - Pala
Lahara - Govindpur - Kuanr - Kendujhargarh - Jashipur - Manda - Bangriposhi - West Bengal Border

462

4

23

Jharkhand Border - Birmitrapur - Panposh - Banki - Rajamundra - Banel - Barkot - Pala Laharha -
Khamar - Talcher - Nauao (NH-42)

209.96

5

42

Sambalpur - Mundher - Jujumura - Charmal - Redhakhol - Bamur - Angul - Dhenkanal - Chaudwar -
(near Cuttuck NH-5)

266.23

6

43

Dhanpunji - Kotapad - Nuagan - Bariguna - Jaypur - Koraput - Dumuriput - Similigurha - Pottangi -
Andhra Pradesh Border

41.06

7

60

West Bengal Border - Jaleswar - Amarda - Basta - Rupsa - Haldipada - Baleswar

57

8

75

Jharkhand border - Champua - Parsora.

18

9

153B - New

Sarapal (NH-53) - Naktideul - Redhakhol - Bauda (NH-57)

118.41

10

157 - New

Purunakatak (NH-57) - Phulbani - Kalinga - Bhanjanagar - Asika (NH-59)

159

11

200

Chhattisgarh border - Kanaktora - Lakhanpur - Jharsuguda - Kuchinda - Bhojpur - Deogarh -
Chhatabar - Kanhiya - Talcher - Kamakhyanagar - Bhuban - Sukinda - Duburi - Chandikhol

440

12

201

Boriguma - Nabarangapur - Maidalpur - Ampani - Koksara - Moter - Junagarh - Bhawanipatna -
Utkela - Kesinga - Kusrupara - Belgan - Saintala - Balangir - Luisinga - Dungripali - Barpali -
Bargarh

310

13

203

Bhubaneswar - Dhauli - Pipili - Puri - Balighai - Konark

96.52

14

203A

Puri (NH-203) - Brahmhagiri - Satpada

49

15

215

Rajamundra - Bimlagarh - Kora - Parsora - Palasponga - Kedujhargarh - Dhenkikot - Ghatgan -
Similia - Anadapur - Ramachandrapur - Panikoli (NH-5.)

348

16

217

Chhattisgarh border - Nauparha - Taraborh - Komana - Khariar - Bongomunda - Titlagarh - Belgan -
Ramapur - Baligurha - Mahasingha - Sirtiguda - Sorada - Asika - Brahmapur - Varendrapur -
Gopalpur

431.31

17

220 - New

Jharkhand border - Tiringidihi - Rairangpur - Jashipur - Dhenkikot (NH-20)

125.41

18

224

Khordha (NH-5) - Begunia - Bolagarh - Nayagarh - Nuagan - Dashapalla - Purunakata - Bauda -
Sonapur - Tarabha - Balangir (NH-201)

299.9

19

326 - New

Asika (NH-59) - Rayagada - Koraput - Jaypore - Malkangiri - Motu - Andhra Pradesh border

513.7

20

130C - New

Chhattisgarh Border - Baldhimal (new NH -201)

20

21

326A - New

Mohana- Chandiput- Chheligada- Ramagiri Udayagiri- Raygarh- Parlakimidi- Andhra Pradesh
Border

114

-

-

Total

4644.5 km

text: Puducherry[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

2

text: Punjab[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

NH No.1

Amritsar

2

NH-08 actually from

3

NH95

Ludhiana - Chandigarh

4

NH No. 7

text: Rajasthan[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

2

text: Sikkim[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

10

West Bengal Border - Rangpo - Singtam - Gangtok

52 km

2

310

Ranipaul - Burduk - Menla - Nathula

87 km

3

310A

Tashiview point - Phodang - Mangan

55 km

4

510

Singtham - Damthang - Legship - Geyzing

70 km

5

710

Melli - Manpur - Namchi - Damthang - Tarku

45 km

-

-

Total

309 km

text: Tamil Nadu[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

NH - 32

Chennai - Tindivanam - Puducherry - Cuddalore - Chidambaram - Nagapattinam - Ramanathapuram - Tuticorin

248.4

2

NH - 36

Vikravandi - Panruti - Sethiyathope - Kumbakonam - Thanjavur - Pudukottai - Thirupathur - Sivagangai - Manamadurai

349

3

NH - 38

Vellore - Villupuram - Perambalur - Trichy - Madurai - Tuticorin

568.1

4

NH - 44

Hosur-Dharmapuri-Salem-Karur-Dindigul-Madurai-Tirunelveli-Kanniyakumari

627.2

5

NH - 48

Chennai - Kanchipuram - Ranipet - Vellore - Vaniyambadi - Hosur

237.6

6

NH - 77

Krishnagiri - Uthangarai - Tiruvannamalai - Gingee - Tindivanam

176.3

7

NH - 79

Salem - Attur - Ulundurpet

134.2

8

NH - 81

Coimbatore - Kangeyam - Karur - Trichy - Lalgudi - Jayamkondacholapuram - Kattumannarkoil - Chidambaram

321.4

9

NH - 83

Coimbatore - Pollachi - Palani - Dindigul - Trichy - Thanjavur - Tiruvarur - Nagapattinam

389

10

NH - 85

Theni - Madurai - Thiruppuvanam - Sivagangai - Thondi

225.2

11

NH - 87

Thiruppuvanam - Manamadurai - Ramanathapuram - Rameshwaram - Dhanushkodi

174.3

12

NH - 181

Coimbatore - Mettupalayam - Ooty - Gudalur

171.8

13

NH - 183

Dindigul - Batlagundu - Theni - Cumbum - Kumily

133.8

14

NH - 536

Thirumayam - Devakottai - Thirvadanai - Ramanathapuram

109.4

15

NH - 544

Salem - Erode - Coimbatore - Walayar

182

16

NH - 544H

Thoppur - Mettur - Bhavani - Erode

94

17

NH - 744

Thirumangalam - Srivilliputhur - Rajapalayam - Tenkasi - Sengottai - Puliyarai

150

18

NH - 948

Hassanur - Bannari - Sathyamangalam - Annur - Coimbatore

119.7

19

NH - 136

Thanjavur - Paluvur - Ariyalur - Kunnam - Perambalur - Veppanthattai - Attur

140

20

NH - 179A

Salem - Harur - Uttangarai - Tirupathur - Vaniyambadi

141

21

NH - 381A

Vellakoil - Muthur - Erode - Sankagiri

72

22

NH - 381B

Musiri - Namakkal

44

23

NH - 383

Dindigul - Natham - Kottampatty

54

24

NH - 785

Madurai - Natham

38

25

NH - 844

Hosur - Rayakottai - Palakode - Adhiyamankottai

90

text: Source:Statewise list of National Highways in India - MoRT&H[4]

text: Telangana[edit]

text:
S.Num.

New NH No.

Route

Length in the State(km)

1

30

Vijayawada - Jagdalpur road

100.40

2

44

Nagpur - Hyderabad - Bangalore

512.65

3

61

Maharashtra Border- Nirmal, Khanapur, Mallapuram, Raikal -junction with NH-63 near Jagityal

57.30

4

161

Sangareddy - Telangana-Maharashtra border

140.50

5

161B

Junction with NH-161 near Nizampet - Moodguntal, Narayanakhed, Manoor, Bellapur, Pulkurthi, Ibrahimpur, Athnoor, Dappur Telangana/Karnataka border

60

6

63

Jagadalpur road -Nizamabad - Bodhan - Maharashtra border

264.50

7

163

Chhattisgarh Border- Warangal - Jangaon - Hyderabad -Manneguda- Karnataka border

427.9

8

363

Sironcha-Armur

90

9

563

Jagityal - Karimnagar - Warangal - Khammam

248.80

10

65

Pune - Hyderabad - Suryapet - Vijayawada

276.80

11

365

Nakrekal - Thungathurthi - Mahbubabad - Mallampalli Road

187.00

12

365B

Suryapet-Thirumalgiri-Jangaon-Siddipet-Siricilla

184.00

13

365BB

Junction with NH No. 65 near Suryapet - Mothey, Khammam, Wyra, Sattupalli, Ashwaraopet - Andhra Pradesh Border

168.00

14

565

Nakrekal - Nagarjuna Sagar Road

86.10

15

765

Hyderabad - Amangal - Kalwakurthy - Achampeta - AP border

186.80

16

150

Kalaburgi - Yadgir - Krishna Road

12.24

17

167

Haggari - Raichur -Mahbubnagar -Jadcherla Road - Mirialaguda - Kodad

311.90

18

353C

Sironcha- Atmakur road

99.2

19

365A

Kodad - Khammam - Kurvai Road

76.00

20

353B

Adilabad - Bela - Vansadi road

33.00

21

765D

Hyderabad (junction at outer ring road) - Narsapur, Rampur, - Medak

54.00

22

161AA

Junction with NH No. 161 near Sangareddy - Narsapur, Tooprtan, Gajwel, Jagdevpur, Bhongir-junction with NH-65 near Choutuppal

157.50

23

161BB

Junction with NH 161 near Madnoor -Sonala, Thadi Hipperga, Limboor, Sirpur, Kotagiri, Rudrur - junction at NH-63 near Bodhan

157.50

-

-

Total

3,786.4 km

text: Source: Roads and Buildings Department (Telangana)[5]

text: Tripura[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

8

Assam Border - Churai Bari - Manu - Ambasa - Agartala - Visalgarh - Barjala - Udaipur - Sabrum

335 km

2

108

Manu - Sakhan - Mizoram Border

133 km

-

-

Total

468 km

text: Uttar Pradesh[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

Route

Length (km.)

1

28

National highway no. 28 Siddharth Nagar to Gorakhpur to Basti to Faizabaad

465 km

2

56

National Highway no. 56 Lucknow - Sultanpur - Varanasi

3

96

National highway no. 96 Faizabad - Sultanpur - Allahabad

4

330

National Highway no. 330 Akbarpur - Sultanpur - Raebareily

5

58

National highway no. 58 Ghaziabad - Meerut (NH-58)Uttar Pradesh - Badrinath Uttarakhand

6

24

National highway no. 58 Ghaziabad - Rampur (NH-24)Uttar Pradesh

text: National highway no.334b Meerut - Baghpat - Haryana (NEW)

text: Uttarakhand[edit]

text:
Sr.

NH No.

OSM Rel

Route

Length

1

7

3195344

(Previously NH 58) HP Border - Roorkee - Haridwar - Rishikesh - Srinagar - Rudraprayag - Karanprayag - Chamoli - Joshimath - Badrinath - Mana

379.8

2

9

3196981

UP border - Rudrapur - Sitarganj - Khatima - Tanakpur - Champawat - Pithoragarh - Ogla - Askot

257.12

3

30

3225905

Sitarganj - UP Border

162

4

34

3228564

UP Border - Haridwar - Rishikesh - Dharasu - Uttarkashi - Bhatwari - Gaurikund - Gangotri

124

5

107

3210938

Rudraprayag - Kedarnath - Gaurikund

76

6

107A

3823200

Chamoli - Gopeshwar - Okhimath - Baramwari

69

7

109

3213787

(previously NH 87) Rudrapur - Pantnagar - Kathgodam - Nainital - Almora - Ranikhet - Dwarahat - Adi Badri - Karnaprayag

314

8

134

3228564

Dharasu - Kuthraur - Yamunotri

236.83

9

307

3210976

UP Border - Dehradun

92.8

10

309

3214038

Rudrapur - Kashipur - Ramnagar - Dhumakot - Thalisain - Bubakhel - Pauri - Srinagar

264

11

309A

3825095

Rameshwar - Gangolihat - Berinag - Chaukori- Kanda - Bageshwar - Almora

126

12

309B

5845887

Almora - Rameshwar

64

13

334

3228724

Haridwar - Roorkee - UP Border

22

14

334A

Purkaji - Luxer - Haridwar

45

15

507

3211487

Herbertpur - Vikasnagar - Kalsi - Lakhwar - Nainbagh - Kuwa - Naugaon - Barkot

111.35

16

534

3256061

UP Border - Kotdwara - Satpuli - Bubakhal

137.07

17

707

3211535

HP border - Minus - Tuini - HP border

40.5

18

707A

5807107

Tiuni - Chakrata - Mussoorie - New Tehri - Srinagar

315

19

734

3228969

UP border - Kashipur

7.45

-

-

Total

2513.05 km

text: West Bengal[edit]

text:
Sr.
NH  No.
Route
Length (km.)

1

NH 12

Dalkhola- Raiganj - Gazole - Malda Town - Farakka Barrage Township - Baharampur - Krishnanagar - Ranaghat - Chakdaha - Barasat - Kolkata - Bakkhali
612

2
NH 112
Barasat - Habra - Gaighata - Bangaon - Petrapole
59

3

NH 512
Gazole - Daulatpur- Bansihari- Gangarampur- Harsura- Balurghat - Hili (near Indo/Bangladesh)
96

3

60

Odisha Border - Dantan - Nikursini - Belda - Kharagpur - Medinapur - Salbani - Garhbeta - Ramsagar - Onda - Bankura - Gangajalghati - Mejia - Raniganj Tapasi - Dubrajpur - Siuri - Fatehpur - Mallarpur - Rampur Hat - Morgram

373.13

4

2

Jharkhand border - Kulti - Asansol - Raniganj - Andal - Durgapur - Kaksa - Galsi - Barddhaman - Palsit - Shrirampur - Kolkata(Jn with NH-34)

224.18

5