document_title: List of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders

question_text: top 5 nba scoring leaders of all time

question_tokens: top 5 nba scoring leaders of all time

root

text: Scoring Leaders[edit]

text: The following is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season points scored.

tag: p

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[2]

tag: table

text:
Rank
Player
Position(s)
Team(s) played for (years)[3]
Total points
Games
played
Points
per game
average[4]
Field goals
made
Three-point
field goals
made[5]
Free
throws
made

1
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar*[6]
C
Milwaukee Bucks (1969–1975)
Los Angeles Lakers (1975–1989)
38,387
1,560
24.6
15,837
1
6,712

2
Malone, KarlKarl Malone*
PF
Utah Jazz (1985–2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)
36,928
1,476
25.0
13,528
85
9,787

3
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant†
SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)
33,643
1,346
25.0
11,719
1,827
8,378

4
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
SG
Chicago Bulls (1984–1993, 1995–1998)
Washington Wizards (2001–2003)
32,292
1,072
30.1
12,192
581
7,327

5
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
C
Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors (1959–1965)
Philadelphia 76ers (1965–1968)
Los Angeles Lakers (1968–1973)
31,419
1,045
30.1
12,681
0
6,057

6
Nowitzki, DirkDirk Nowitzki^
PF/C
Dallas Mavericks (1999–present)
31,187
1,471
21.2
11,034
1,918
7,201

7
James, LeBronLeBron James^
SF/PF
Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010, 2014–present)
Miami Heat (2010–2014)
31,038
1,143
27.2
11,280
1,616
6,862

8
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
C
Orlando Magic (1992–1996)
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2004)
Miami Heat (2004–2008)
Phoenix Suns (2008–2009)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2009–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010–2011)
28,596
1,207
23.7
11,330
1
5,935

9
Malone, MosesMoses Malone*
C
Buffalo Braves (1976)
Houston Rockets (1976–1982)
Philadelphia 76ers (1982–1986, 1993–1994)
Washington Bullets (1986–1988)
Atlanta Hawks (1988–1991)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1993)
San Antonio Spurs (1994–1995)
27,409
1,329
20.6
9,435
8
8,531

10
Hayes, ElvinElvin Hayes*
PF/C
San Diego/Houston Rockets (1968–1972, 1981–1984)
Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets (1972–1981)
27,313
1,303
21.0
10,976
5
5,356

11
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*[7]
C
Houston Rockets (1984–2001)
Toronto Raptors (2001–2002)
26,946
1,238
21.8
10,749
25
5,423

12
Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson*
PG
Cincinnati Royals (1960–1970)
Milwaukee Bucks (1970–1974)
26,710
1,040
25.7
9,508
0
7,694

13
Wilkins, DominiqueDominique Wilkins*
SF
Atlanta Hawks (1982–1994)
Los Angeles Clippers (1994)
Boston Celtics (1994–1995)
San Antonio Spurs (1996–1997)
Orlando Magic (1999)
26,668
1,074
24.8
9,963
711
6,031

14
Duncan, TimTim Duncan†
PF/C
San Antonio Spurs (1997–2016)
26,496
1,392
19.0
10,285
30
5,896

15
Pierce, PaulPaul Pierce†
SF/SG
Boston Celtics (1999–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Washington Wizards (2014–2015)
Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2017)
26,397
1,343
19.7
8,668
2,143
6,918

16
Havlicek, JohnJohn Havlicek*
SF/SG
Boston Celtics (1962–1978)
26,395
1,270
20.8
10,513
0
5,369

17
Garnett, KevinKevin Garnett†
PF/C
Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–2007, 2015–2016)
Boston Celtics (2007–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2015)
26,071
1,462
17.8
10,505
174
4,887

18
English, AlexAlex English*
SF
Milwaukee Bucks (1976–1978)
Indiana Pacers (1978–1980)
Denver Nuggets (1980–1990)
Dallas Mavericks (1990–1991)
25,613
1,193
21.5
10,659
18
4,277

19
Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony^
SF
Denver Nuggets (2003–2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2017)
Oklahoma City Thunder (2017–present)
25,417
1,054
24.1
9,088
1,341
5,900

20
Miller, ReggieReggie Miller*
SG
Indiana Pacers (1987–2005)
25,279
1,389
18.2
8,241
2,560
6,237

21
West, JerryJerry West*
PG/SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1960–1974)
25,192
932
27.0
9,016
0
7,160

22
Carter, VinceVince Carter^
SG/SF
Toronto Raptors (1999–2004)
New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)
Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)
24,868
1,405
17.7
8,990
2,106
4,782

23
Ewing, PatrickPatrick Ewing*
C
New York Knicks (1985–2000)
Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001)
Orlando Magic (2001–2002)
24,815
1,183
21.0
9,702
19
5,392

24
Allen, RayRay Allen*
SG
Milwaukee Bucks (1996–2003)
Seattle SuperSonics (2003–2007)
Boston Celtics (2007–2012)
Miami Heat (2012–2014)
24,505
1,300
18.9
8,567
2,973
4,398

25
Iverson, AllenAllen Iverson*
SG/PG
Philadelphia 76ers (1996–2006, 2009–2010)
Denver Nuggets (2006–2008)
Detroit Pistons (2008–2009)
Memphis Grizzlies (2009)
24,368
914
26.7
8,467
1,059
6,375

26
Barkley, CharlesCharles Barkley*
PF
Philadelphia 76ers (1984–1992)
Phoenix Suns (1992–1996)
Houston Rockets (1996–2000)
23,757
1,073
22.1
8,435
538
6,349

27
Parish, RobertRobert Parish*
C
Golden State Warriors (1976–1980)
Boston Celtics (1980–1994)
Charlotte Hornets (1994–1996)
Chicago Bulls (1996–1997)
23,334
1,611
14.5
9,614
0
4,106

28
Dantley, AdrianAdrian Dantley*
SF
Buffalo Braves (1976–1977)
Indiana Pacers (1977)
Los Angeles Lakers (1977–1979)
Utah Jazz (1979–1986)
Detroit Pistons (1986–1989)
Dallas Mavericks (1989–1990)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991)
23,177
955
24.3
8,169
7
6,832

29
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
SF
Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers (1958–1971)
23,149
846
27.4
8,693
0
5,763

30
Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
SG
Portland Trail Blazers (1983–1995)
Houston Rockets (1995–1998)
22,195
1,086
20.4
8,335
827
4,698

31
Wade, DwyaneDwyane Wade^
SG
Miami Heat (2003–2016, 2018–present)
Chicago Bulls (2016–2017)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2017–2018)
22,082
982
22.5
8,038
463
5,543

32
Payton, GaryGary Payton*
PG
Seattle SuperSonics (1990–2003)
Milwaukee Bucks (2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)
Boston Celtics (2004–2005)
Miami Heat (2005–2007)
21,813
1,335
16.3
8,708
1,132
3,265

33
Bird, LarryLarry Bird*
SF/PF
Boston Celtics (1979–1992)
21,791
897
24.3
8,591
649
3,960

34
Greer, HalHal Greer*
SG/PG
Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers (1958–1973)
21,586
1,122
19.2
8,504
0
4,578

35
Bellamy, WaltWalt Bellamy*
C
Chicago Packers/Zephyrs/Baltimore Bullets (1961–1965)
New York Knicks (1965–1968)
Detroit Pistons (1968–1970)
Atlanta Hawks (1970–1974)
New Orleans Jazz (1974)
20,941
1,043
20.1
7,914
0
5,113

36
Durant, KevinKevin Durant^
SF
Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder (2007–2016)
Golden State Warriors (2016–present)
20,913
771
27.1
7,093
1,433
5,294

37
Pettit, BobBob Pettit*
PF/C
Milwaukee/St. Louis Hawks (1954–1965)
20,880
792
26.4
7,349
0
6,182

38
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
C
San Antonio Spurs (1989–2003)
20,790
987
21.1
7,365
25
6,035

39
Gasol, PauPau Gasol^
C/PF
Memphis Grizzlies (2001–2008)
Los Angeles Lakers (2008–2014)
Chicago Bulls (2014–2016)
San Antonio Spurs (2016–present)
20,776
1,196
17.4
7,938
173
4,727

40
Gervin, GeorgeGeorge Gervin*
SG/SF
San Antonio Spurs (1976–1985)
Chicago Bulls (1985–1986)
20,708
791
26.2
8,045
77
4,541

41
Richmond, MitchMitch Richmond*
SG
Golden State Warriors (1988–1991)
Sacramento Kings (1991–1998)
Washington Wizards (1999–2001)
Los Angeles Lakers (2001–2002)
20,497
976
21.0
7,305
1,326
4,561

42
Johnson, JoeJoe Johnson^
SG/SF
Boston Celtics (2001–2002)
Phoenix Suns (2002–2005)
Atlanta Hawks (2005–2012)
Brooklyn Nets (2012–2016)
Miami Heat (2016)
Utah Jazz (2016–2018)
Houston Rockets (2018–present)
20,405
1,276
16.0
7,822
1,978
2,783

43
Chambers, TomTom Chambers
PF
San Diego Clippers (1981–1983)
Seattle SuperSonics (1983–1988)
Phoenix Suns (1988–1993)
Utah Jazz (1993–1995)
Charlotte Hornets (1997)
Philadelphia 76ers (1997)
20,049
1,107
18.1
7,378
227
5,066

44
Jamison, AntawnAntawn Jamison
PF/SF
Golden State Warriors (1999–2003)
Dallas Mavericks (2003–2004)
Washington Wizards (2004–2010)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2010–2012)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2013)
Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2014)
20,042
1,083
18.5
7,679
1,163
3,521

45
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton*
PG
Utah Jazz (1984–2003)
19,711
1,504
13.1
7,039
845
4,788

46
King, BernardBernard King*
SF
New Jersey Nets (1977–1979, 1993)
Utah Jazz (1979)
Golden State Warriors (1980–1982)
New York Knicks (1982–1985, 1987)
Washington Bullets (1987–1991)
19,655
874
22.5
7,830
23
3,972

47
Robinson, CliffordClifford Robinson
PF/SF
Portland Trail Blazers (1989–1997)
Phoenix Suns (1997–2001)
Detroit Pistons (2001–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2005)
New Jersey Nets (2005–2007)
19,591
1,380
14.2
7,389
1,253
3,560

48
Davis, WalterWalter Davis
SG/SF
Phoenix Suns (1977–1988)
Denver Nuggets (1988–1991, 1991–1992)
Portland Trail Blazers (1991)
19,521
1,033
18.9
8,118
157
3,128

49
Cummings, TerryTerry Cummings
PF
San Diego Clippers (1982–1984)
Milwaukee Bucks (1984–1989, 1995–1996)
San Antonio Spurs (1989–1995)
Seattle SuperSonics (1996–1997)
Philadelphia 76ers (1997–1998)
New York Knicks (1998)
Golden State Warriors (1999–2000)
19,460
1,183
16.4
8,045
44
3,326

50
Lanier, BobBob Lanier*
C
Detroit Pistons (1970–1980)
Milwaukee Bucks (1980–1984)
19,248
959
20.1
7,761
2
3,724

text: Progressive list of scoring leaders[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of scoring leaders showing how the record increased through the years.[1]

text:
Team abbreviations
Team(s) listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

ATL
Atlanta Hawks
DET
Detroit Pistons
MIL
Milwaukee Bucks
PHX
Phoenix Suns

BOS
Boston Celtics
FTW
Fort Wayne Pistons
MIN
Minnesota Timberwolves
PHW
Philadelphia Warriors

BUF
Buffalo Braves
GSW
Golden State Warriors
MNL
Minneapolis Lakers
SAS
San Antonio Spurs

CHI
Chicago Bulls
HOU
Houston Rockets
NOJ
New Orleans Jazz
SDR
San Diego Rockets

CHS
Chicago Stags
IND
Indiana Pacers
NOP
New Orleans Pelicans
SFW
San Francisco Warriors

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
KCO
Kansas City-Omaha Kings
OKC
Oklahoma City Thunder
STL
St. Louis Hawks

DAL
Dallas Mavericks
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
ORL
Orlando Magic
SYR
Syracuse Nationals

DEN
Denver Nuggets
MIA
Miami Heat
PHI
Philadelphia 76ers
UTA
Utah Jazz

text:
Scoring Leader at the end of every season

Season
Year-by-year leader
Points
Active player points leader
Total points
Career points record
Total points
Single-season points record
Points
Season

1946–47
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
1946–47

1947–48
Max Zaslofsky000CHS
1,007
2,338
2,338
1947–48

1948–49
George Mikan*000MNL
1,698
3,898
3,898
George Mikan*000MNL
1,698
1948–49

1949–50
1,865
4,863
4,863
1,865
1949–50

1950–51
1,932
6,099
6,099
1,932
1950–51

1951–52
Paul Arizin*000PHW
1,674
7,021
7,021
1951–52

1952–53
Neil Johnston*000PHW
1,564
George Mikan*000MNL
8,460
George Mikan*000MNL
8,460
1952–53

1953–54
1,759
9,766
9,766
1953–54

1954–55
1,631
Max Zaslofsky000FTW
7,902
1954–55

1955–56
Bob Pettit*000STL
1,849
George Mikan*000MNL
10,156
10,156
1955–56

1956–57
Paul Arizin*000PHW
1,817
Ed Macauley*000STL
10,150
1956–57

1957–58
George Yardley*000DET
2,001
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
11,764
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
11,764
George Yardley*000DET
2,001
1957–58

1958–59
Bob Pettit*000STL
2,105
13,298
13,298
Bob Pettit*000STL
2,105
1958–59

1959–60
Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHW 1959–62
000SFW 1962–65
000PHI 1965–66
2,707
14,987
14,987
Wilt Chamberlain*000PHW
2,707
1959–60

1960–61
3,033
16,855
16,855
3,033
1960–61

1961–62
4,029
17,677
17,677
4,029
1961–62

1962–63
3,586
18,304
18,304
1962–63

1963–64
2,948
Bob Pettit*000STL
19,756
Bob Pettit*000STL
19,756
1963–64

1964–65
2,534
20,880
20,880
1964–65

1965–66
2,649
Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHI 1965–68
000LAL 1968–73
21,486
Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHI 1965–68
000LAL 1968–73
21,486
1965–66

1966–67
Rick Barry*000SFW
2,775
23,442
23,442
1966–67

1967–68
Dave Bing*000DET
2,142
25,434
25,434
1967–68

1968–69
Elvin Hayes*000SDR
2,327
27,098
27,098
1968–69

1969–70
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000MIL
2,361
27,426
27,426
1969–70

1970–71
2,596
29,122
29,122
1970–71

1971–72
2,822
30,335
30,335
1971–72

1972–73
Tiny Archibald*000KCO
2,719
31,419
31,419
1972–73

1973–74
Bob McAdoo*000BUF
2,261
Oscar Robertson*000MIL
26,710
1973–74

1974–75
2,831
John Havlicek*000BOS
22,389
1974–75

1975–76
2,427
23,678
1975–76

1976–77
Pete Maravich*000NOJ
2,273
25,073
1976–77

1977–78
George Gervin*000SAS
2,232
26,395
1977–78

1978–79
2,365
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*
000LAL
22,141
1978–79

1979–80
2,585
24,175
1979–80

1980–81
Adrian Dantley*000UTA
2,452
26,270
1980–81

1981–82
George Gervin*000SAS
2,551
28,088
1981–82

1982–83
Alex English*000DEN
2,326
29,810
1982–83

1983–84
Adrian Dantley*000UTA
2,418
31,527
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000LAL
31,527
1983–84

1984–85
Michael Jordan*000CHI
2,313
33,262
33,262
1984–85

1985–86
Alex English*000DEN
2,414
35,108
35,108
1985–86

1986–87
Michael Jordan*000CHI
3,041
36,474
36,474
1986–87

1987–88
2,868
37,639
37,639
1987–88

1988–89
2,633
38,387
38,387
1988–89

1989–90
2,753
Moses Malone*
000ATL 1989–91
000MIL 1991–93
000PHI 1993–94
000SAS 1994–95
24,868
1989–90

1990–91
2,580
25,737
1990–91

1991–92
2,404
27,016
1991–92

1992–93
2,541
27,066
1992–93

1993–94
David Robinson*000SAS
2,383
27,360
1993–94

1994–95
Shaquille O'Neal*000ORL
2,315
27,409
1994–95

1995–96
Michael Jordan*000CHI
2,491
Michael Jordan*000CHI
24,489
1995–96

1996–97
2,431
26,920
1996–97

1997–98
2,357
29,277
1997–98

1998–99
Shaquille O'Neal*000LAL
1,289
Karl Malone*
000UTA 1998–2003
000LAL 2003–04
28,946
1998–99

1999–00
2,344
31,041
1999–00

2000–01
Jerry Stackhouse00DET
2,380
32,919
2000–01

2001–02
Paul Pierce†000BOS
2,144
34,707
2001–02

2002–03
Kobe Bryant†000LAL
2,461
36,374
2002–03

2003–04
Kevin Garnett†000MIN
1,987
36,928
2003–04

2004–05
Allen Iverson*000PHI
2,302
Reggie Miller*000IND
25,279
2004–05

2005–06
Kobe Bryant†000LAL
2,832
Shaquille O'Neal*
000MIA 2005–08
000PHO 2008–09
000CLE 2009–10
000BOS 2010–11
24,764
2005–06

2006–07
2,430
25,454
2006–07

2007–08
2,323
26,286
2007–08

2008–09
Dwyane Wade^000MIA
2,386
27,619
2008–09

2009–10
Kevin Durant^000OKC
2,472
28,255
2009–10

2010–11
2,161
28,596
2010–11

2011–12
1,850
Kobe Bryant†
000LAL
29,484
2011–12

2012–13
2,280
31,617
2012–13

2013–14
2,593
31,700
2013–14

2014–15
James Harden^000HOU
2,217
32,482
2014–15

2015–16
2,376
33,643
2015–16

2016–17
Russell Westbrook^000OKC
2,558
Dirk Nowitzki^000DAL
30,260
2016–17

2017–18
LeBron James^000CLE
2,251
31,187
Abdul-Jabbar*0 35 yrs
38,387
Chamberlain*059 yrs
4,029
2017–18

Season
Year-by-Year Leader
Points
Active Player Points Leader
Total points
Career Points Record
Total points
Single Season Points Record
Points
Season


document_title: Bachelor in Paradise (season 1)

question_text: where was season 1 of bachelor in paradise filmed

text: Bachelor in Paradise (season 1)

text: Production[edit]

text: In March 2013, ABC canceled Bachelor Pad after three seasons. ABC then announced a new spin-off series, Bachelor In Paradise. The season was filmed in Tulum, Mexico.[1][2]

text: Contestants[edit]

text: The first batch of contestants were revealed on June 4, 2014, but only 14 contestants were confirmed. On July 14, 2014, an additional 11 contestants were revealed, resulting in 25 contestants.[1][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]

text:
Name
Age
Occupation
Residence
From
Arrived
Eliminated

Lacy Faddoul
26
Nursing Home Owner
La Jolla, CA
The Bachelor, Season 18
Week 1
Engaged

Marcus Grodd
26
Sports Medicine Manager
Dallas, TX
The Bachelorette, Season 10
Week 1
Engaged

Michelle Money
33
Hairstylist
Salt Lake City, UT
The Bachelor, Season 15
Week 1
Relationship

Cody Sattler
28
Personal Trainer
Chicago, IL
The Bachelorette, Season 10
Week 4
Relationship

Robert Graham
31
Advertising Entrepreneur
Los Angeles, CA
The Bachelorette, Season 9
Week 1
Split Week 7

Sarah Herron
27
Art Director
Marina del Ray, CA
The Bachelor, Season 17
Week 1
Split Week 7

Zack Kalter
29
Book Publisher
Los Angeles, CA
The Bachelorette, Season 9
Week 2
Split Week 7

Jackie Parr
26
Cosmetics Consultant
Boca Raton, FL
The Bachelor, Season 17
Week 3
Split Week 7

Christy Hansen
25
Hairstylist
Chicago, IL
The Bachelor, Season 18
Week 5
Split Week 7

Tasos Hernandez
30
Wedding Event Coordinator
Denver, CO
The Bachelorette, Season 10
Week 6
Split Week 7

Graham Bunn
35
Entrepreneur
New York, NY
The Bachelorette, Season 4
Week 1
Split Week 7

AshLee Frazier
33
Personal Organizer
Houston, TX
The Bachelor, Season 17
Week 1
Split Week 7

Brooks Forester
29
Entrepreneur
Salt Lake City, UT
The Bachelorette, Season 9
Week 6
Week 6

Jesse Kovacs
32
Winemaker
San Diego, CA
The Bachelorette, Season 5
Week 4
Week 6 (Quit)

Lucy Aragon
25
Free Spirit
Santa Barbara, CA
The Bachelor, Season 18
Week 5
Week 5

Clare Crawley
33
Hairstylist
Sacramento, CA
The Bachelor, Season 18
Week 1
Week 5 (Quit)

Kalon McMahon
29
Entrepreneur
Houston, TX
The Bachelorette, Season 8
Week 4
Week 4

Marquel Martin
27
Sponsorship Salesman
Las Vegas, NV
The Bachelorette, Season 10
Week 1
Week 4

Danielle Ronco
26
Psychiatric Nurse
St. Louis, MO
The Bachelor, Season 18
Week 3
Week 3

Elise Mosca
28
Bartender
Los Angeles, CA
The Bachelor, Season 18
Week 1
Week 3 (Quit)

Chris Bukowski
27
Entrepreneur
Washington, D.C.
The Bachelorette, Season 8
Week 2
Week 3 (Quit)

Dylan Petitt
26
Accountant
Boston, MA
The Bachelorette, Season 10
Week 1
Week 2

Ben Scott
30
Sales Representative
Dallas, TX
The Bachelorette, Season 9
Week 1
Week 2 (Quit)

Daniella McBride
26
Commercial Casting Associate
San Francisco, CA
The Bachelor, Season 17
Week 1
Week 1

Michelle Kujawa
30
Sales
Anaheim, CA
The Bachelor, Season 14
Week 1
Week 1 (Quit)

text: Elimination Table[edit]

text:
Place
Contestant
Week

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1-4
Lacy
Date (Robert)
Date (Marcus)
In
Date (Marcus)
In
Date (Marcus)
In
Stay (Marcus)

Marcus
Date (Sarah)
Date (Lacy)
In
Date (Lacy)
In
Date (Lacy)
In
Stay (Lacy)

Michelle M.
Date (Marquel)
In
Last
In
Date (Cody)
In
In
Stay (Cody)

Cody
Wait
In
Date (Michelle M.)
In
In
Stay (Michelle M.)

5-6
Sarah
Last (Marcus)
Date (Dylan)
In
Date (Robert)
Date (Robert)
In
In
Split (Robert)

Robert
Date (Lacy/Clare)
Last
In
Date (Sarah)
Date (Sarah)
In
In
Split (Sarah)

7-12
Jackie
Wait
Date (Marquel)
Date (Jesse)
In
Date (Brooks/Zack)
Split (Zack)

Zack
Wait
Date (Clare)
In
In
In
Last (Jackie)
Split (Jackie)

Christy
Wait
Last (Jesse)
Date (Tasos)
Split (Tasos)

Tasos
Wait
Date (Christy)
Split (Christy)

AshLee
In
In
Date (Graham)
In
Date (Graham)
In
Split (Graham)

Graham
In
In
Date (AshLee)
In
Date (AshLee)
In
Split (AshLee)

13
Brooks
Wait
Out (Jackie)

14
Jesse
Wait
Last (Jackie)
Date (Christy/Lucy)
Quit

15
Lucy
Wait
Out (Jesse)

16
Clare
Date (Robert)
Date (Chris/Zack)
In
In
Quit

17-18
Kalon
Wait
Out (Kalon)

Marquel
Date (Michelle M.)
In
Date (Danielle/Jackie)
Out

19
Danielle
Wait
Out (Marquel)

20-21
Elise
In
In
Quit (Chris)

Chris
Wait
Date (Clare)
Quit (Elise)

22
Dylan
In
Out (Sarah)

23
Ben
In
Quit

24
Daniella
Out

25
Michelle K.
Quit

text: Key[edit]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Episode 1[edit]

text: Airdate: August 4, 2014

text: Arrival Order: Clare, Marcus, Sarah, Marquel, Daniella, Graham, Lacy, Ben, Michelle K., Robert, Dylan, Elise and AshLee.

text: Chris Harrison asked everyone if they were single and Michelle K. said "maybe". Throughout the first day, Lacy went into the ocean with Robert and Marcus in an 8-hour span. She went into the ocean while Marcus went in there by himself feeling rejected over bachelorette Andi Dorfman.

text: Clare's date: Clare initially wanted to take Graham on the date, but AshLee "claimed" Graham at the start, which made Clare go on a date with Robert. Clare and Robert went to the ruins; while climbing the ruins, Robert got attacked by fire ants.

text: Sarah's date: Sarah took Marcus on a date and went cliff diving. During the date, Michelle Money joined the cast in Mexico.

text: Michelle M.'s date: Michelle M. arrived with a date card and took Marquel, they went horseback riding on a beach in Playa del Carmen.

text: Lacy's date: Lacy took Robert on a date and they had dinner on a beach.

text: Rose ceremony: The rose ceremony came after a cocktail party. Before the first rose was handed out Michelle K. stepped out and left because she never had any feelings for a guy. In order Marquel gave his rose to Michelle M., Graham gave his rose to AshLee, Dylan gave his rose to Elise, Marcus gave his rose to Lacy which upset Robert who then gave his rose to Clare, Ben had the final rose which he gave to Sarah over Daniella eliminating her.

text: Episode 2[edit]

text: Airdate: August 11, 2014

text: Chris's Date: Chris showed up with a date card and he took Clare to Papaya Playa on a trip to a spa. During the date Dylan tells Elise to talk to other men in paradise.

text: Marcus's Date: Marcus took Lacy on a date and they had dinner in Zcaret. During the date Elise did what Dylan requested which was hooking up with Chris in the ocean, they had a conversation about this the next day and Dylan told Elise if she offered him a rose, he would reject it.

text: Zack's Date: Zack showed up with a date card and took Clare to the city to explore, then went swimming in the ocean.

text: Dylan's Date: Dylan took Sarah on a date and had dinner.

text: Before the Rose Ceremony, Marcus and Marquel confronted Ben upon finding a love letter in his backpack from a girl back home. Ben admitted to being in love with her, upsetting everyone especially Michelle, and decided to go home.

text: Rose Ceremony Lacy gives her rose to Marcus, Ashlee gives hers to Graham, Clare to Zack, Michelle to Marquel, Elise gives hers to Dylan but he declines, so she gives it to Chris instead, Sarah gives her rose to Robert over Dylan, eliminating him.

text: Episode 3[edit]

text: Airdate: August 18, 2014

text: Elise's Date: Elise asked Chris out. Before the date began, Chris sprained his knee. He decided to go through with the date, despite being in great pain. Immediately after the date he went to the hospital for treatment.

text: Danielle: Danielle showed up at the bachelor house with a date. She asked Marquel to go on the date and they went swimming.

text: At the house, Michelle and Clare decided to take Zack and Robert on a mini double date. Sarah was pretty upset about this.

text: Jackie: Jackie showed up with a date card. She decided to take Marquel as well for his second date this week. Danielle and Michelle were a little upset about this. They went the Campeche Mexico and explored. They shared a kiss after Marquel and Jackie both said they don't usually kiss on the first date.

text: Sarah and the others expressed their concern to Elise about being careful with Chris and not getting too serious too fast.

text: AshLee: Ashlee asked Graham to go on her date with her. They went to dinner. AshLee started talking about living together and Graham asked her to not put pressure on forever anymore. They got a card from Chris Harrison with two room keys. Graham wanted to use both rooms, but Ashlee wanted to share a room. They ended up using both rooms.

text: Rose Ceremony: Graham gave his rose to Ashlee. Zack gave his rose to Clare. Marcus gave his rose to Lacy. Marquel gave his rose to Jackie. Robert gave his rose to Sarah. Chris asked Elise to come forward. He told Elise that he could not give her the rose, because he had decided to leave the show due to his knee injury. Instead, he asked Elise to leave along with him so they could continue to pursue their relationship back home, and she accepted. Chris decided to give his rose to Michelle so she could continue her journey of true love. Danielle was eliminated.

text: Episode 4[edit]

text: Airdate: August 25, 2014

text: Robert: Robert gets the first date and decides to take Sarah. They go sailing and swimming in the ocean.

text: Cody's Date Card: Cody arrived with a date card. He asks Clare, but she decided to pass on the date because of Zack. Cody then decided to pass it to his friend Marcus, so he could have more time to get to know the people in the house. Many of the women thought that was a very nice gesture. Marcus takes Lacy.

text: Kalon's Date: Kalon arrived with a date card. He asked Michelle and she accepted, but then she cancelled on him. He asked a few other girls, but none of the women would go out with him (recalling how badly he had upset Emily Maynard in The Bachelorette (season 8). Feeling certain that he would be eliminated later at the Rose Ceremony, he decided to go by himself and enjoy it rather than pass the card, creating the show's first "one on none" date.

text: Jesse: Jesse shows up with a date card and he invites Jackie to go out with him. She accepts and Marquel is kind of upset. They go to an ancient Mayan Cave. The date is a little awkward at first, but gets better toward the end. Andrew Ripp performs.

text: Before the Rose Ceremony, AshLee said disrespectful things about Clare to Zack and her remarks were caught on camera. Word got back to Clare and she confronted AshLee about it. Michelle informed Graham about the situation right before the Rose Ceremony began. Graham started to have second thoughts about AshLee.

text: Rose Ceremony: Lacy gives her rose to Marcus. Clare gives her rose to Zack. AshLee asked Graham to come forward. At that point Graham turned and left the room. Michelle followed after him. AshLee continued to stand in the Rose Ceremony room and did not follow Graham. After seeing a medic, Graham returned and accepted the rose from AshLee. Then Lacy became ill and departed in an ambulance, accompanied by Marcus. The rose ceremony continued. Michelle gave her rose to Cody. Sarah gave her rose to Robert. Jackie gave her rose to Jesse. Kalon and Marquel were eliminated at the Rose Ceremony.

text: Episode 5[edit]

text: Airdate: August 26, 2014

text: Christy: Christy shows up with a date card and asks Zack to go with her, but he turns her down. Christy then asks Jesse to join her on the date. They go shopping in Mexico.

text: Lacy and Marcus return from the hospital.

text: Sarah: Sarah got a date card and asked Robert to join her. They go out to dinner and go swimming. They share a kiss.

text: Clare was still upset about the disrespectful comments from AshLee. She came to Zack to let him know that she had decided to quit.

text: Lucy's Date: Lucy arrived with a date card. She asked Jesse out and they went to some ruins.

text: Michelle's Date: Michelle asked Cody out and they had their 'engagement' photos taken on the beach, even though it was their first date.

text: AshLee's Date: She asked Graham out and they drove sports cars on a road course.

text: Christy began to feel insecure about her status with Jesse. She spoke to him and was reassured. They started to make out in private and were joined by Lucy.

text: Rose Ceremony: Sarah accepts Robert's rose. AshLee accepts Graham's rose. Cody gives his rose to Michelle. Lacy accepted Marcus' rose with a very long kiss. Zack gives his rose to Jackie. Jesse chose Christy over Lucy, so Lucy was eliminated.

text: Episode 6[edit]

text: Airdate: September 1, 2014

text: Marcus's Date: Marcus took Lacy on a date exploring in a cave. Lacy told Marcus she was falling in love with him.

text: Brooks' Date: Sarah was hoping that Brooks would ask her out, and Brooks wanted to do it, but Robert informed Brooks that he and Sarah were a couple and Brooks should pick someone else. Brooks asked Jackie out.

text: Tasos's Date: Tasos arrived with a date card. Tasos pulled Michelle aside first and told him he should take Christy. Tasos told her how great of a guy Cody was. Tasos asked Christy on the date and Jesse wasn't happy because he doesn't want to leave Paradise. On the date, Tasos and Christy go swimming in a lazy river.

text: Zack's Date: Zack asked Jackie on the date, and Brooks wasn't too thrilled. AshLee was also upset it wasn't Graham who got the date card. Zack and Jackie went swimming in a cave. They kissed.

text: Before the Rose Ceremony, Jesse had a talk with Christy and realized that he would not be getting a rose from her. He decided to quit at that point rather than be eliminated later. Before he could depart, Christy came to the car and told him all of the reasons that she was angry with him. Jesse didn't seem concerned by this, saying later that he had fun and he knew there would be lots of emails and party invitations waiting for him when he got home.

text: Rose Ceremony: Lacy gave her rose to Marcus. AshLee gave her rose to Graham. Sarah gave her rose to Robert. Michelle gave her rose to Cody. Christy to Tasos. Jackie gave her rose to Zack. Brooks was eliminated. Then Chris Harrison announced that there would be no more newcomers; the final episode would be a test of their new relationships.

text: Episode 7[edit]

text: Airdate: September 8, 2014

text: Chris Harrison asked each of the couples to have a serious talk with each other and decide whether to continue or go home. AshLee and Graham decided to split up after some prompting by Michelle. Zack, Jackie, Tasos and Christy all decided to break up. That left three couples: Sarah and Robert, Michelle and Cody, and Lacy and Marcus.

text: The three couples went on romantic overnight dates in fantasy suites. Lacy and Marcus and Michelle and Cody came back convinced that they should remain as couples. However, Sarah complained that there was little intimacy on their date. She confronted Robert about this and he just apologized and left with no explanation.

text: The two remaining couples were joined by three couples (Jason/Molly Mesnick, Sean/Catherine Lowe and Desiree Hartsock/Chris Seigfried) who had found love on the show in the past. They agreed that the two remaining couples had a good chance of making it work.

text: Rose Ceremony: Michelle and Cody exchanged roses and left as a couple. Marcus proposed to Lacy and she accepted.

text: In the epilogue, it was revealed that Chris and Elise broke up after less than two weeks. Michelle and Cody were still in a relationship at the time. Clare was still in Sacramento searching for her soulmate.

text: Post Show[edit]

text: In December 2014, Michelle and Cody announced that they decided to end their relationship, and got back together in June 2015, but later broke up again. In 2016 they appeared on Marriage Boot Camp, where they broke up again.

text: Marcus and Lacy were wed by Chris Harrison on the season premiere of season 2 of Bachelor in Paradise.[10] However, in July 2016 Marcus admitted that the two were never legally married and have since broken up.[11]

text: Clare returned to Paradise for season 2. She was eliminated in week 3.


document_title: 2017 America's Cup

question_text: what kind of boats are in the americas cup

text: 2017 America's Cup

text: Venue[edit]

text: The 2017 America's Cup course was on the Great Sound in Bermuda, the venue at the Royal Naval Dockyard.

text: In June 2014, media reported the venue of the 34th America's Cup, San Francisco, was no longer in consideration to host the 35th edition. San Diego, Chicago and Bermuda were listed as being still in the running.[5] In July 2014, americascup.com reported that Chicago was dropped from the running,[6] and finally on 2 December 2014, Bermuda was announced as the host of the 2017 America's Cup. The Premier of Bermuda, Michael Dunkley, welcomed the teams, sponsors, and spectators at a press conference in New York.[7]

text: The financial package included in the bid by Bermuda was worth approximately US$77 million, including a $15 million sponsorship fee, $25 million for infrastructure improvements, $12 million operating costs and a $25 million guarantee against commercial sponsorships. Dr. Grant Gibbons, Bermuda's Minister for Economic Development, stated that the America's Cup had a possibility of generating revenue of up to US$250 million in Bermuda.[8]

text: Security arrangements at the Dockyard were assumed by HM's Royal Bermuda Regiment after termination of contract between the local security provider and the AC35.

text: Challenger of Record[edit]

text: On 1 October 2013, Australia's Hamilton Island Yacht Club[9] was confirmed as the "Challenger of Record" for the 35th America's Cup,[10] after submitting their paperwork only moments after the win by Oracle Team USA. The HIYC challenge was accepted by the Golden Gate Yacht Club, who was the Defender and Trustee of the America's Cup.[11] Australian businessman Bob Oatley, founder of Rosemount and owner of famed super maxi yacht Wild Oats XI, was confirmed to be the main financial backer of the Hamilton Island Yacht Club challenge.[12]

text: On 19 July 2014 Russell Coutts, Director of the America's Cup Event Authority (ACEA), announced that the Hamilton Island Yacht club had withdrawn Team Australia from the 35th America's Cup.[13][14] Team Australia claimed that the entry fee rules agreed to in the official protocol created too much risk due to the uncertainty of the then unknown venue and schedule of the event.

text: The Challenger of Record Committee (CORC) represents all of the challengers' interests and negotiates with Oracle over mutual concerns.[15] Luna Rossa replaced HIYC as the challenger of record.[16] In April 2015, Luna Rossa withdrew its challenge bid, pulling out of the 2017 America's Cup in protest at rule changes reducing the size of the boats.[17]

text: Rule changes[edit]

text: On 5 June 2014, it was announced that the regatta would be sailed in 62-foot-long (18.9 m) foiling catamarans, the AC62. The entry fee was $3 million. Each challenging team could build only one boat while Oracle Team USA could build two.[18] A nationality rule was agreed, requiring 25 percent of the crew to be from the entry's country. This nationality rule had been lifted prior to the 2003 America's Cup. The rules specified the combined weight of the crew could not exceed 525 kg. The neutral International adjudicating yachting panel was dropped in favour of a three-man panel appointed by the defender.

text: In March 2015, the teams voted to reduce the size of the boats to the 45- to 50-foot range,[19] leading to the withdrawal in protest of Luna Rossa. This in turn led to a joint statement from four teams attacking Team New Zealand which had supported Luna Rossa.[20]

text: Teams[edit]

text: The America's Cup was contested by its defender Oracle Team USA, who represent the Golden Gate Yacht Club. The challenger was Emirates Team New Zealand, for Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron, who had defeated the other four challengers to win the Louis Vuitton America’s Cup Challenger Playoffs trophy.[21][22][23]

text: Technology[edit]

text: Teams were allowed to take onedesign AC45s out of measurement by modifying crossbeams, wings and rudders, adding hydraulic systems, as well as produce a maximum of six custom daggerboards to test on the existing platform ahead of building their race boat. All teams took advantage of this opportunity: Oracle Racing modified three AC45s, selling their first development boat to SoftBank Team Japan as part of their technology-sharing agreement and subsequently conducted a two-boat testing program with their last two boats; Land Rover BAR modified three AC45s and conducted a two-boat testing program with their last two boats; Artemis Racing modified two AC45s and conducted a two-boat testing program with them. Groupama Team France, Luna Rossa and Emirates Team New Zealand modified one AC45 each.[24] Luna Rossa later gifted their boat to Team New Zealand.[25]

text: Emirates Team New Zealand also modified SL33 foiling wingsail catamarans to try new ideas for its race boat, in which they produced a number of distinct features absent from other boats in the fleet: The two four-handed grinding pedestals on their development AC45 were replaced by four cycling stations; Peter Burling was the only helmsman to be relieved of daggerboard controls in order to focus on steering only; instead cyclor Blair Tuke undertook daggerboard deployment, trim and overall responsibility of pitch angle and ride height; Daggerboards were lengthier than those of other teams by virtue of a distinct dihedral bend in the middle of the hydrofoil tip.[26]

text: The rise in foiling catamarans encouraged competing teams to enter into technical partnerships with companies specializing in aerospace technologies. Land Rover BAR allied with Red Bull Advanced Technologies, headed by ten-time Formula 1 World Constructor's Championship car designer Adrian Newey. Oracle Team USA entered a technical partnership with Airbus. Artemis Racing allied with high performance engineering giant Cosworth. Luna Rossa Challenge had partnered with Lenovo to analyze and predict race simulations, assisting in the design of their boat.

text: Qualifying events[edit]

text: The America's Cup World Series was won by Land Rover BAR, earning two points to take into the 2017 Louis Vuitton America's Cup Qualifiers Round. The runner up was Oracle Team USA, earning one point to take into the Qualifiers Round.[27]

text: Oracle Team USA won the 2017 Louis Vuitton America's Cup Qualifiers Round, earning one point to take into the 2017 America's Cup competition. Emirates Team New Zealand, Land Rover BAR, Artemis Racing and SoftBank Team Japan advanced from the 2017 Louis Vuitton America's Cup Qualifiers Round to the Challenger Playoffs Semi-finals, while Groupama Team France was eliminated from further competition.[28]

text: Emirates Team New Zealand eliminated Land Rover BAR in the 2017 Louis Vuitton America's Cup Challenger Playoffs Semi-finals, advancing to the Challenger Playoffs against Artemis Racing who had eliminated SoftBank Team Japan in the other semi-final.[28]

text: Emirates Team New Zealand won the 2017 Louis Vuitton America's Cup Challenger Playoffs Final against Artemis, 5–2, advancing to face Oracle Team USA in the 2017 America's Cup.[28]

text: Cup Match[edit]

text: Races were held from 17 June. The first team to seven points wins and becomes the Defender of the America's Cup. Due to Oracle Team USA's win in the America's Cup Qualifiers, Emirates Team New Zealand started the match with a score of −1.

text: Wins marked in green

text:
Date
 Oracle Team USA
 Emirates Team New Zealand
Delta
Score

pre-match
qualifiers' champion

0
−1

17 June
21'37.697"
21'07.495"
00'30.202"
0
0

23'08.208"
21'40.662"
01'27.546"
0
1

18 June
20'02.219"
19'13.434"
00'48.785"
0
2

22'26.887"
21'15.216"
01'11.671"
0
3

24 June
22'38.055"
20'33.942"
02'04.113"
0
4

20'47.878"
20'59.180"
00'11.302"
1
4

25 June
20'35.000"
20'23.324"
00'11.676"
1
5

19'43.585"
19'13.593"
00'29.992"
1
6

26 June
22'18.190"
21'23.776"
00'54.414"
1
7

text: The first race of the day is scheduled each time at 2:00 pm ADT.[29] The race data were published on the official noticeboard.[30]


document_title: Spider-Man 3

question_text: who plays edward brock jr in spiderman 3

text: Spider-Man 3

text: Plot[edit]

text: Peter Parker plans to propose to Mary Jane Watson, who has just made her Broadway musical debut. A meteorite lands at Central Park, and an extraterrestrial symbiote follows Peter to his apartment. Harry Osborn, seeking vengeance after his father's death, attacks Peter with weapons based on his father's Green Goblin technology. The battle ends in a stalemate, with Harry crashing out and developing amnesia, wiping out his memory of Peter as Spider-Man. Meanwhile, police pursue escaped prisoner Flint Marko, who visits his wife and dying daughter before fleeing again, and falling into an experimental particle accelerator that fuses his body with the surrounding sand, transforming him into the Sandman.

text: During a festival honoring Spider-Man for saving Gwen Stacy's life, he kisses her which infuriates Mary Jane. The superpowered Marko robs an armored car, and Spider-Man confronts him. Marko easily subdues Spider-Man, and escapes. NYPD Captain George Stacy (Gwen's father) informs Peter and Aunt May that Marko was Uncle Ben's true killer; the deceased Dennis Carradine was Marko's accomplice. While a vengeance-obsessed Peter sleeps in his Spider-Man suit, the symbiote assimilates his suit. Peter later awakens and discovers his costume changed and his powers enhanced; however, the symbiote brings out Peter's dark side. Wearing the new suit, Spider-Man locates Marko and battles him in a subway tunnel. Discovering that water is Marko's weakness, Spider-Man breaks a water pipe, causing water to reduce Marko into mud, washing him away and believing him to be dead.

text: Peter's changed personality alienates Mary Jane, whose career is floundering, and she finds solace with Harry. Harry recovers from his amnesia and, urged by a hallucination of his deceased father, blackmails Mary Jane into unwillingly breaking up with Peter. After Mary Jane leaves Peter stating she loves "somebody else", Harry meets with Peter and claims to be "the other guy". Later, Peter, wearing the black suit, confronts Harry about forcing Mary Jane to end her relationship with him and spitefully tells Harry his father never loved him. Another fight ensues, in which Harry throws a pumpkin bomb at Peter, who deflects it back, disfiguring Harry's face.

text: Under the symbiote's influence, Peter exposes rival photographer Eddie Brock, whose fake photos depicted Spider-Man as a criminal. Furious at having to print a retraction, J Jonah Jameson fires Brock. Soon afterward, to make Mary Jane jealous, Peter brings Gwen to the nightclub where Mary Jane now works, but Gwen catches on and leaves. Peter brawls with the bouncers and, after accidentally hurting Mary Jane, he realizes that the symbiote is corrupting him. Retreating to a church bell tower, he discovers that he cannot remove the suit, but that the symbiote weakens when the bell rings. Peter is able to remove the symbiote, and it falls to the lower tower, landing on Brock, who had been praying for Peter's death. The symbiote bonds to Brock, transforming him into Venom. Brock locates Marko and convinces him to join forces to destroy Spider-Man which Marko agrees. Brock hijacks a taxi with Mary Jane on board, and hangs it as bait from a web above a construction site, while Marko keeps the police at bay. Peter seeks Harry's help, but is rejected. While Spider-Man battles Brock and Marko, Harry learns the truth about his father's death from his butler, and goes to help Peter as he is being overpowered, resulting in a battle between the four. Harry subdues the Sandman before assisting Peter against Brock. In the ensuing battle, Brock attempts to impale Peter on Harry's glider, but Harry intervenes and is impaled himself. Remembering the symbiote's weakness, Peter assembles a perimeter of metal pipes to create a sonic attack, weakening Venom, and allowing Peter to separate Brock and the symbiote. Peter activates a pumpkin bomb from Harry's glider to destroy the symbiote, but Brock dives in, and the bomb kills them both.

text: Peter confronts Marko, who explains that Uncle Ben's death was an accident, and has haunted him ever since. Peter forgives Marko, who then dissipates and leaves. Peter and Mary Jane stand beside Harry, who eventually dies after the impalement. Peter, Mary Jane, and Aunt May attend Harry's funeral. Later, at the nightclub, Peter and Mary Jane reconcile.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Tobey Maguire as Peter Parker / Spider-Man

tag: ul

text: Kirsten Dunst as Mary Jane "M.J." Watson

text: James Franco as Harry Osborn / New Goblin

text: Thomas Haden Church as Flint Marko / Sandman

text: Topher Grace as Eddie Brock / Venom

text: Bryce Dallas Howard as Gwen Stacy

text: Rosemary Harris as May Parker

text: J. K. Simmons as J. Jonah Jameson

text: James Cromwell as George Stacy

text: Theresa Russell as Emma Marko

text: Dylan Baker as Dr. Curt Connors

text: Bill Nunn as Joseph "Robbie" Robertson

text: Elizabeth Banks as Betty Brant

text: Ted Raimi as Hoffman

text: Perla Haney-Jardine as Penny Marko

text: Willem Dafoe as Norman Osborn / Green Goblin

text: Cliff Robertson as Ben Parker

text: Elya Baskin as Mr. Ditkovitch

text: Mageina Tovah as Ursula Ditkovitch

text: Michael Papajohn as Dennis Carradine

text: Spider-Man co-creator Stan Lee has a cameo in Spider-Man 3, as he does in many Marvel-based films.[4] He plays a man who, after reading a news bulletin along with Peter, tells him, "You know, I guess one person can make a difference," followed by his catchphrase "Nuff said." Actor Bruce Campbell, who had cameo roles as a wrestling ring announcer in "Spider-Man" and as a rude usher in "Spider-Man 2," returns in "Spider-Man 3" with a new cameo as a French maître d'. His character helps Peter try to propose to Mary Jane. Years later, Jeffrey Henderson, who worked on the storyboards for the canceled "Spider-Man 4" movie, released information regarding which villains would appear within the movie. One of those included Bruce Campbell's character's progression into Quentin Beck/Mysterio.[5][6] Composer Christopher Young appears in the film as a pianist at Mary Jane's theater when she is fired, while producer Grant Curtis has a cameo as the driver of an armored car that the Sandman attacks.[7] Joe Manganiello makes a cameo as Flash Thompson at Harry's funeral.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text:
"The most important thing Peter right now has to learn is that this whole concept of him as the avenger or him as the hero, he wears this red and blue outfit, with each criminal he brings to justice he's trying to pay down this debt of guilt he feels about the death of Uncle Ben. He considers himself a hero and a sinless person versus these villains that he nabs. We felt it would be a great thing for him to learn a little less black and white view of life and that he's not above these people."

—Sam Raimi, on how the character of Peter Parker developed in this film[8]

tag: div

text: In March 2004, with Spider-Man 2 being released the coming June, Sony had begun developing Spider-Man 3 for a release in 2007.[9] By the release of Spider-Man 2, a release date for Spider-Man 3 had been set for May 2, 2007 before production on the sequel had begun.[10] The date was later changed to May 4, 2007. In January 2005, Sony Pictures Entertainment completed a seven-figure deal with screenwriter Alvin Sargent, who had penned Spider-Man 2, to work on Spider-Man 3 with an option to write a fourth film.[11]

text: Immediately after Spider-Man 2's release, Ivan Raimi wrote a treatment over two months,[12] with Sam Raimi deciding to use the film to explore Peter learning that he is not a sinless vigilante, and that there also can be humanity in those he considers criminals.[8] Harry Osborn was brought back as Raimi wanted to conclude his storyline.[8] Raimi felt that Harry would not follow his father's legacy, but be instead "somewhere between."[13] Sandman was introduced as an antagonist, as Raimi found him a visually fascinating character.[8] While Sandman is a petty criminal in the comics, the screenwriters created a background of the character being Uncle Ben's killer to increase Peter's guilt over his death[14] and challenge his simplistic perception of the event.[8] Overall, Raimi described the film as being about Peter, Mary Jane, Harry, and the Sandman,[15] with Peter's journey being one of forgiveness.[16]

text: Raimi wanted another villain, and Ben Kingsley was involved in negotiations to play the Vulture before the character was cut.[12] Producer Avi Arad convinced Raimi to include Venom, a character whose perceived "lack of humanity" had initially been criticized by Sam Raimi.[17] Venom's alter-ego, Eddie Brock, already had a minor role in the script.[18] Arad told the director that Venom had a strong fan base, so Raimi included the character to please them,[15] and even began to appreciate the character himself.[17] The film's version of the character is an amalgamation of Venom stories. Eddie Brock, Jr., the human part of Venom, serves as a mirror to Peter Parker, with both characters having similar jobs and romantic interests.[17] Brock's actions as a journalist in Spider-Man 3 also represent contemporary themes of paparazzi and tabloid journalism.[19] The producers also suggested adding rival love interest Gwen Stacy, filling in an "other girl" type that Raimi already created.[15] With so many additions, Sargent soon found his script so complex that he considered splitting it into two films, but abandoned the idea when he could not create a successful intermediate climax.[12]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Camera crews spent 10 days from November 5–18, 2005 to film sequences that would involve intense visual effects so Sony Pictures Imageworks could begin work on the shots early in the project. The same steps had been taken for Spider-Man 2 to begin producing visual effects early for sequences involving the villain Doctor Octopus.[20]

text: Principal photography for Spider-Man 3 began on January 16, 2006 and wrapped in July 2006 after over 100 days of filming. The team filmed in Los Angeles until May 19, 2006.[20] In spring 2006, film location manager Peter Martorano brought camera crews to Cleveland[21] due to the Greater Cleveland Film Commission offering production space at the city's convention center at no cost.[22] In Cleveland, they shot the battle between Spider-Man and Sandman in the armored car.[12] Afterwards, the team moved to Manhattan, where filming took place at various locations, including One Chase Manhattan Plaza, from May 26, 2006 until July 1, 2006.[20] Shooting placed a strain on Raimi, who often had to move between several units to complete the picture.[12] Shooting was also difficult for cinematographer Bill Pope, as the symbiote Spider-Man, Venom, and the New Goblin were costumed in black during fight scenes taking place at night.[23]

text: After August, pick-ups were conducted as Raimi sought to film more action scenes.[24] The film then wrapped in October, although additional special effects shots were taken to finalize the production a month later.[25] In early 2007, there were further pick-up shots regarding the resolution of Sandman's story, amounting to four different versions.[26]

text: Effects[edit]

text: John Dykstra, who won the Academy Award for Visual Effects for his work on Spider-Man 2, declined to work on the third film as visual effects supervisor. Dykstra's colleague, Scott Stokdyk, took his place as supervisor,[27] leading two hundred programmers at Sony Pictures Imageworks. This group designed specific computer programs that did not exist when Spider-Man 3 began production, creating nine hundred visual effects shots.[28]

text: In addition to the innovative visual effects for the film, Stokdyk created a miniature of a skyscraper section at 1:16 scale with New Deal Studios' Ian Hunter and David Sanger. Stokdyk chose to design the miniature instead of using computer-generated imagery so damage done to the building could be portrayed realistically and timely without guesswork involving computer models.[29] In addition, to Sony Imageworks, Cafe FX provided visual effects for the crane disaster scene when Spider-Man rescues Gwen Stacy, as well as shots in the climactic battle.[30] To understand the effects of sand for the Sandman, experiments were done with twelve types of sand, such as splashing, launching it at stuntmen, and pouring it over ledges. The results were mimicked on the computer to create the visual effects for Sandman.[28] For scenes involving visual effects, Thomas Haden Church was super-imposed onto the screen, where computer-generated imagery was then applied.[31] With sand as a possible hazard in scenes that buried actors, ground-up corncobs were used as a substitute instead.[32] Because of its resemblance to the substance, sand from Arizona was used as the model for the CG sand.[28] In a fight where Spider-Man punches through Sandman's chest, amputee martial arts expert Baxter Humby took Tobey Maguire's place in filming the scene. Humby, whose right hand was amputated at birth, helped deliver the intended effect of punching through Sandman's chest.[33]

text: Whereas the symbiote suit worn in the comics by Spider-Man was a plain black affair with a large white spider on the front and back, the design was changed for the film to become a black version of Spider-Man's traditional costume, complete with webbing motif. As a consequence of this, the suit Topher Grace wore as Venom also bore the webbing motif; as producer Grant Curtis noted, "it's the Spider-Man suit, but twisted and mangled in its own right."[34] Additionally, the motif gave a sense of life to the symbiote, giving it the appearance of gripping onto the character's body.[35] When animating the symbiote, Raimi did not want it to resemble a spider or an octopus, and to give it a sense of character. The CG model is made of many separate strands.[36] When animating Venom himself, animators observed footage of big cats such as lions and cheetahs for the character's agile movements.[37]

text: Music[edit]

text: Originally, Danny Elfman, the composer for the previous installments, did not plan to return for the third installment of Spider-Man because of difficulties with director Sam Raimi. Elfman said that he had a "miserable experience" working with Raimi on Spider-Man 2 and could not comfortably adapt his music.[38] Christopher Young was then announced to score Spider-Man 3 in Elfman's absence.[39] In December 2006, however, producer Grant Curtis announced that Elfman had begun collaborating with Christopher Young on the music for Spider-Man 3.[40]

text: Sandman's theme uses "two contrabass saxophones, two contrabass clarinets, two contrabass bassoons and eight very low French horns" to sound "low, aggressive and heavy". Young described Venom's theme as "Vicious, my instructions on that one were that he's the devil personified. His theme is much more demonic sounding."[41] Venom's theme uses eight French horns.[42] Raimi approved the new themes during their first performance, but rejected the initial music to the birth of Sandman, finding it too monstrous and not tragic enough. Young had to recompose much of his score at a later stage, as the producers felt there were not enough themes from the previous films.[41] Ultimately, new themes for the love story, Aunt May, and Mary Jane were dropped.[42]

text: Release[edit]

text: Spider-Man 3 had its world premiere at Toho Cinemas Roppongi Hills in Tokyo on April 16, 2007.[43][44] The film held its UK premiere on April 23, 2007 at the Odeon Leicester Square,[45] and the U.S. premiere took place at the Tribeca Film Festival in Queens on April 30, 2007.[46]

text: Spider-Man 3 was commercially released in sixteen territories on May 1, 2007.[47] The film was released in Japan on May 1, 2007, three days prior to the American commercial release, to coincide with Japan's Golden Week.[43] Spider-Man 3 was also released in China on May 3, 2007 to circumvent market growth of unlicensed copies of the film. The studio's release of a film in China before its domestic release was a first for Sony Pictures Releasing International.[48] By May 6, 2007, Spider-Man 3 opened in 107 countries around the world.[47]

text: The film was commercially released in the United States on May 4, 2007 in a North American record total of 4,253 theaters,[49] including fifty-three IMAX theaters.[50] The record number of theaters was later beaten by Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End, which was released in 4,362 theaters in the United States—109 more than Spider-Man 3.[51] Tracking data a month before the U.S. release reflected over 90% awareness and over 20% first choice among moviegoers, statistics that estimated an opening weekend of over $100 million for Spider-Man 3.[52] Online tickets for Spider-Man 3 were reported on April 23, 2007 to have been purchased at a faster rate—three times at Movietickets.com and four times at Fandango—than online ticket sales for Spider-Man 2.[53] On May 2, 2007, Fandango reported the sales rate as six times greater than the rate for Spider-Man 2. The strong ticket sales caused theaters to add 3:00 AM showings following the May 4, 2007 midnight showing to accommodate the demand.[54]

text: The FX channel signed a five-year deal for the television rights to Spider-Man 3, which they began airing in 2009. The price was based on the film's box office performance, with an option for three opportunities for Sony to sell the rights to one or more other broadcast networks.[55]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In New York City, the hometown of Spider-Man's fictional universe, tourist attractions arranged events and exhibits on April 30, 2007 to lead up to the release of Spider-Man 3. The unique campaign include a spider exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History, workshops on baby spider plants at the New York Botanical Garden, Green Goblin mask-making workshop at the Children's Museum of Manhattan, and a scavenger hunt and a bug show at Central Park Zoo.[56]

text: Hasbro, which holds the license for Marvel characters, released several toys to tie-in with the film. They include a deluxe spinning web blaster, along with several lines of action figures aimed at both children and collectors.[57] Toys of the Green Goblin and Doctor Octopus from the first two films have been re-released to match the smaller scale of the new figures, as have been toys of the Lizard, the Scorpion, Kraven the Hunter, and Rhino in a style reminiscent of the films.[58][59] Techno Source created interactive toys, including a "hand-held Battle Tronics device that straps to the inside of a player's wrist and mimics Spidey's web-slinging motions".[60] Japanese Medicom Toy Corporation produced collectibles, which Sideshow Collectibles distributed in the U.S.[61]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: On the film review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, Spider-Man 3 has an approval rating of 63% based on 249 reviews, with an average rating of 6.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Though there are more characters and plotlines, and the action sequences still dazzle, Spider-Man 3 nonetheless isn't quite as refined as the first two."[62] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 59 out of 100, based on 40 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[63] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, lower than the "A–" earned by both its predecessors.[64]

text: Manohla Dargis of The New York Times deplored the film's pacing as "mostly just plods" and said it lacked humor.[65] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film only 2 out of 4 stars, feeling, "for every slam-bang action sequence, there are far too many sluggish scenes."[66] David Edelstein of New York magazine misses the "centrifugal threat" of Alfred Molina's character, adding that "the three villains here don't add up to one Doc Ock"[67] (referring to Alfred Molina's portrayal of the character in Spider-Man 2). James Berardinelli felt director Sam Raimi "overreached his grasp" by allowing so many villains, specifically saying, "Venom is one bad guy too many."[68] Roger Ebert, who gave Spider-Man 2 a glowing review,[69] gave the sequel 2 out of 4 stars and thought Church never expressed how Sandman felt about his new powers, something Molina, as Doc Ock in Spider-Man 2, did "with a vengeance"; he said the film was "a mess," with too many villains, subplots, romantic misunderstandings, conversations and "street crowds looking high into the air and shouting 'oooh!' this way, then swiveling and shouting 'aaah!' that way."[70] The New Yorker's Anthony Lane, who gave Spider-Man 2 a favorable review,[71] gave the film a negative review, characterizing the film as a "shambles" which "makes the rules up as it goes along."[72]

text: Roger Friedman of Fox News called the film a "4 star opera", noting that while long, there was plenty of humor and action.[73] Andy Khouri of Comic Book Resources praised the film as "easily the most complex and deftly orchestrated superhero epic ever filmed [...] despite the enormous amount of characters, action and sci-fi superhero plot going on in this film, Spider-Man 3 never feels weighted down, tedious or boring."[74] Jonathan Ross, a big fan of the comic books, felt the film was the best of the trilogy.[75] Richard Corliss of Time commended the filmmakers for their ability to "dramatize feelings of angst and personal betrayal worthy of an Ingmar Bergman film, and then to dress them up in gaudy comic-book colors".[76] Wesley Morris of The Boston Globe, who gave the film 4 out of 5 stars, wrote that it was a well-made, fresh film, but would leave the viewer "overfulfilled".[77] Jonathan Dean of Total Film felt the film's complex plot helped the film's pacing, in that, "it rarely feels disjointed or loose [...] Spider-Man cements its shelf-life."[78] Entertainment Weekly named the Sandman as the eighth best computer-generated film character.[79]

text: John Hartl of MSNBC gave Spider-Man 3 a positive review, but stated that it has some flaws such as having "too many storylines".[80] His opinion is echoed by Houston Chronicle's Amy Biancolli who complained that "the script is busy with so many supporting characters and plot detours that the series' charming idiosyncrasy is sometimes lost in the noise."[81] Jack Matthews of Daily News thought the film was too devoted to the "quiet conversations" of Peter and Mary Jane, but that fans would not be disappointed by the action.[82] Finally, Sean Burns of Philadelphia Weekly felt that the director "substituted scope and scale for the warmth and wit that made those two previous pictures so memorable."[83] Raimi himself would later call the film "awful" during a podcast interview.[84]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Both the 35th Annie Awards and 61st British Academy Film Awards gave this movie one nomination, the former for Best Animated Effects and the latter for Best Special Visual Effects. Spider-Man 3 did not win any of the four Visual Effects Society Awards nominations it received. Dunst's and Maguire's performances earned them each one nomination from the National Movie Awards. She also received another nomination for Favorite Movie Actress from the 2008 Kids' Choice Awards ceremony. The movie fared better at the Teen Choice Awards, amounting a total of seven nominations, varying from Choice Movie: Villain (for Grace) to Choice Movie: Dance (for Maguire) and Choice Movie: Liplock (shared between Dunst and Maguire).

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipients
Outcome

Annie Awards[85]
February 8, 2008
Best Animated Effects
Ryan Laney
Nominated

British Academy Film Awards[86]
February 10, 2008
Best Special Visual Effects
Scott Stokdyk, Peter Nofz, Kee-Suk Ken Hahn and Spencer Cook
Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards[87]
March 29, 2008
Favorite Movie Actress
Kirsten Dunst
Nominated

Golden Trailer Awards[88]
May 31, 2007
Best Summer Blockbuster
Spider-Man 3
Won

MTV Movie Award[89]
June 1, 2008
Best Fight
James Franco and Tobey Maguire
Nominated

Best Villain
Topher Grace
Nominated

National Movie Awards[90]
September 27, 2007
Best Family Film
Spider-Man 3
Nominated

Best Performance by a Female
Kirsten Dunst
Nominated

Best Performance by a Male
Tobey Maguire
Nominated

People's Choice Awards[91]
January 8, 2008
Favorite On Screen Match-up
Kirsten Dunst and Tobey Maguire
Nominated

Favorite Threequel
Spider-Man
Nominated

Saturn Awards[92]
June 24, 2008
Best Director
Sam Raimi
Nominated

Best Fantasy Film
Spider-Man 3
Nominated

Best Special Effects
Scott Stokdyk, Peter Nofz, Spencer Cook and John Frazier
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor
James Franco
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[93]
August 26, 2007
Choice Movie: Action Actor
Tobey Maguire
Nominated

Choice Movie: Action Actress
Kirsten Dunst
Nominated

Choice Movie: Action
Spider-Man 3
Nominated

Choice Movie: Dance
Tobey Maguire
Nominated

Choice Movie: Liplock
Kirsten Dunst and Tobey Maguire
Nominated

Choice Movie: Rumble
James Franco, Tobey Maguire, Topher Grace and Thomas Haden Church
Nominated

Choice Movie: Villain
Topher Grace
Nominated

Visual Effects Society Award[94]
February 10, 2008
Best Single Visual Effect of the Year
Scott Stokdyk, Terry Clotiaux, Spencer Cook and Douglas Bloom
Nominated

Outstanding Animated Character in a Live Action Motion Picture
Chris Y. Yang, Bernd Angerer, Dominick Cecere and Remington Scott
Nominated

Outstanding Models or Miniatures in a Motion Picture
Ian Hunter, Scott Beverly, Forest P. Fischer and Ray Moore
Nominated

Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Motion Picture
Scott Stokdyk, Terry Clotiaux, Peter Nofz and Spencer Cook
Nominated

text: Box office[edit]

text: Spider-Man 3 earned $336.5 million in North America and $554.3 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $890.9 million.[3] Worldwide, it is the 36th highest-grossing film, the third highest-grossing film of 2007, the highest-grossing film of Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy, and was the highest-grossing film distributed by Sony/Columbia until 2012's Skyfall.[95] The film set a worldwide single-day record ($104 million) on its first Friday and broke its own record again on Saturday ($117.6 million).[96][97] It also set a worldwide opening-weekend record with $381.7 million,[97] which now ranks as the fifth largest (first surpassed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince).[98][99] The film's IMAX screenings reached $20 million in 30 days, faster than any other 2D film remastered in the format.[100]

text: In North America, Spider-Man 3 is the 43rd highest-grossing film, the third highest-grossing film of the Spider-Man series, the third highest-grossing film distributed by Sony/Columbia, and the highest-grossing 2007 film.[3][101][102] The film sold an estimated 48,914,300 tickets.[103] It was released in 4,252 theaters (about 10,300 screens) on Friday, May 4, 2007.[104] It set an opening and single-day record with $59.8 million[96] (both were first surpassed by The Dark Knight). This included $10 million from midnight showings.[105] Spider-Man 3 then set an opening-weekend record with $151.1 million (first surpassed by The Dark Knight), a record for the weekend per-theater average with $35,540 per theater (first surpassed by Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert),[106] and an IMAX opening-weekend record with $4.8 million (first surpassed by The Dark Knight).[107][108] The film set record Friday[109] and Sunday grosses[110] and achieved the largest cumulative gross through its second, third, and fourth day of release (all were first surpassed by The Dark Knight).[111] It also set a record Saturday gross (surpassed by Marvel's The Avengers).[112]

text: Outside North America, it is the 23rd highest-grossing film, the highest-grossing film of Sam Raimi's Spider-Man trilogy, and the third highest-grossing film distributed by Sony/Columbia.[113] On its opening day (Tuesday, May 1, 2007), Spider-Man 3 grossed $29.2 million from 16 territories, an 86% increase from the intake of Spider-Man 2 on its first day of release. In 10 of the 16 territories, Spider-Man 3 set new opening-day records.[47] These territories are Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, the Philippines,[49] France[114] and Italy.[115] In Germany, the film surpassed the opening day gross of Spider-Man 2.[114] During its six-day opening weekend (through its first Sunday), the film earned $230.5 million from 107 markets, finishing #1 in all of them.[97] Spider-Man 3 set opening-weekend records in 29 markets[97] including Italy, China, South Korea (the latter was first surpassed by Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End),[116] India, Singapore, Philippines, Hong Kong, Thailand, Malaysia, Taiwan, Indonesia, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Peru. However, many of these records were achieved thanks to its six-day opening, while previous record-holders in some countries opened over the traditional three-day weekend (traditional two-day, four-day, or five-day weekend in other countries). In India, it grossed $16.4 million and was the seventh highest grossing film of 2007 there. [117][118] Spider-Man 3 was in first place at the box office outside North America for three consecutive weekends.[119][120]

text: Home video[edit]

text: Spider-Man 3 was released on Region 4 DVD (anamorphic widescreen) in Australia on September 18, 2007.[121] For Region 2 in the United Kingdom, the film was released on October 15, 2007.[122] Spider-Man 3 was released on DVD in Region 1 territories on October 30, 2007. The film is available in one-disc and two-disc editions, on both standard and Blu-ray formats, as well as packages with the previous films and a PSP release.[123] Sam Raimi, Tobey Maguire, Kirsten Dunst, James Franco, Thomas Haden Church, Topher Grace, Bryce Dallas Howard, Laura Ziskin, Avi Arad, and Grant Curtis are among those who contributed to the audio commentaries.

text: Sony announced plans to create "one of the largest" marketing campaigns in Hollywood for the October 30, 2007 release of the DVD. Beginning with a partnership with Papa Johns, Sony printed close to 8.5 billion impressions for pizza boxes, television, radio, and online ads. Sony also worked with Pringles Potato Crisp, Blu-Tack, Jolly Time Pop Corn, and Nutella. Sony's Vice President of marketing, Jennifer Anderson, stated the studio spend approximately 15% to 25% of its marketing budget on digital ad campaigns; from this, Papa Johns sent text messages to mobile phones with ads. Anderson stated that there would be three sweepstakes held for consumers, where they would be able to win prizes from Sony and its promotional partners.[124]

text: In the United States, the film grossed more than $124 million on DVD sales.[125] It also grossed more than $43.76 million on DVD/Home Video Rentals in 11 weeks.[126] However, the DVD sales results of this film did not meet industry expectations.[127]

text: Spider-Man 3: Editor's Cut (2017)[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In 2017, Sony announced[citation needed] that an "editor's cut" of Spider-Man 3 would be released for its 10th anniversary, alongside the Spider-Man: Origins Blu-Ray set on June 13, 2017. The film features unused music from Christopher Young and is two minutes shorter than the theatrical cut. Some scenes are shifted around or have been completely removed, and the film includes 3 new, 3 alternate and 1 extended scene. Spider-Man 3: Editor's Cut was eventually released with the Spider-Man Legacy Collection 4K Blu-ray Box Set.[128]

text: Canceled sequel and reboot[edit]

text: In 2007, Spider-Man 4 entered development, with Raimi attached to direct and Maguire, Dunst and other cast members set to reprise their roles. Both a fourth and a fifth film were planned and at one time the idea of shooting the two sequels concurrently was under consideration. However, Raimi stated in March 2009 that only the fourth film was in development at that time and that if there were fifth and sixth films, those two films would actually be a continuation of each other.[129][130][131][132] James Vanderbilt was hired in October 2007 to pen the screenplay after initial reports in early 2007 that Sony Pictures was in contact with David Koepp, who wrote the first Spider-Man film.[133][134] The script was subsequently rewritten by Pulitzer-winning playwright David Lindsay-Abaire in November 2008 and rewritten again by Gary Ross in October 2009.[135] Sony also engaged Vanderbilt to write scripts for Spider-Man 5 and Spider-Man 6.[134]

text: In 2007, Raimi expressed interest in portraying the transformation of Dr. Curt Connors into his villainous alter-ego, the Lizard, a villain which had been teased since Spider-Man 2; the character's actor Dylan Baker and producer Grant Curtis were also enthusiastic about the idea.[136][137][138] By December 2009, John Malkovich was in negotiations to play Vulture and Anne Hathaway would play Felicia Hardy, though she would not have transformed into the Black Cat as in the comics but a new superpowered figure, the Vulturess.[139] According to sources online, an early draft of the film would have had the Vulture buying out the Daily Bugle, forcing Spider-Man to kill him. Felicia Hardy, Vulture's daughter in this version of the script, would have had an affair with Peter Parker in order to shatter his engagement with Mary Jane. These rumors were never confirmed. Raimi stated years later during an interview in 2013, however, that Hathaway was going to be Black Cat if Spider-Man 4 had been made.[139]

text: Sony Pictures announced in January 2010 that plans for Spider-Man 4 had been canceled due to Raimi's withdrawal from the project. Raimi reportedly ended his participation due to his doubt that he could meet the planned May 6, 2011 release date while at the same time upholding the film creatively. Raimi purportedly went through four iterations of the script with different screenwriters and still "hated it".[140]

text: A reboot of the series called The Amazing Spider-Man was released on July 3, 2012, with Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker.[141]

text: In March 2017, it was revealed that stock footage of a crowd reacting to Spider-Man catching Gwen Stacy from Spider-Man 3's B-roll was used in the 2017 film Life.[142]


document_title: Digestion

question_text: where does the digestion of fat primarily occur

text: Digestion

text: Digestive system

text: Digestive systems take many forms. There is a fundamental distinction between internal and external digestion. External digestion developed earlier in evolutionary history, and most fungi still rely on it.[2] In this process, enzymes are secreted into the environment surrounding the organism, where they break down an organic material, and some of the products diffuse back to the organism. Animals have a tube (gastrointestinal tract) in which internal digestion occurs, which is more efficient because more of the broken down products can be captured, and the internal chemical environment can be more efficiently controlled.[3]

text: Some organisms, including nearly all spiders, simply secrete biotoxins and digestive chemicals (e.g., enzymes) into the extracellular environment prior to ingestion of the consequent "soup". In others, once potential nutrients or food is inside the organism, digestion can be conducted to a vesicle or a sac-like structure, through a tube, or through several specialized organs aimed at making the absorption of nutrients more efficient.

text: Secretion systems

text: Bacteria use several systems to obtain nutrients from other organisms in the environments.

text: Channel transport system

text: In a channel transupport system, several proteins form a contiguous channel traversing the inner and outer membranes of the bacteria. It is a simple system, which consists of only three protein subunits: the ABC protein, membrane fusion protein (MFP), and outer membrane protein (OMP)[specify]. This secretion system transports various molecules, from ions, drugs, to proteins of various sizes (20 – 900 kDa). The molecules secreted vary in size from the small Escherichia coli peptide colicin V, (10 kDa) to the Pseudomonas fluorescens cell adhesion protein LapA of 900 kDa.[4]

text: Molecular syringe

text: A type III secretion system means that a molecular syringe is used through which a bacterium (e.g. certain types of Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia) can inject nutrients into protist cells. One such mechanism was first discovered in Y. pestis and showed that toxins could be injected directly from the bacterial cytoplasm into the cytoplasm of its host's cells rather than simply be secreted into the extracellular medium.[5]

text: Conjugation machinery

text: The conjugation machinery of some bacteria (and archaeal flagella) is capable of transporting both DNA and proteins. It was discovered in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which uses this system to introduce the Ti plasmid and proteins into the host, which develops the crown gall (tumor).[6] The VirB complex of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the prototypic system.[7]

text: The nitrogen fixing Rhizobia are an interesting case, wherein conjugative elements naturally engage in inter-kingdom conjugation. Such elements as the Agrobacterium Ti or Ri plasmids contain elements that can transfer to plant cells. Transferred genes enter the plant cell nucleus and effectively transform the plant cells into factories for the production of opines, which the bacteria use as carbon and energy sources. Infected plant cells form crown gall or root tumors. The Ti and Ri plasmids are thus endosymbionts of the bacteria, which are in turn endosymbionts (or parasites) of the infected plant.

text: The Ti and Ri plasmids are themselves conjugative. Ti and Ri transfer between bacteria uses an independent system (the tra, or transfer, operon) from that for inter-kingdom transfer (the vir, or virulence, operon). Such transfer creates virulent strains from previously avirulent Agrobacteria.

text: Release of outer membrane vesicles

text: In addition to the use of the multiprotein complexes listed above, Gram-negative bacteria possess another method for release of material: the formation of outer membrane vesicles.[8][9] Portions of the outer membrane pinch off, forming spherical structures made of a lipid bilayer enclosing periplasmic materials. Vesicles from a number of bacterial species have been found to contain virulence factors, some have immunomodulatory effects, and some can directly adhere to and intoxicate host cells. While release of vesicles has been demonstrated as a general response to stress conditions, the process of loading cargo proteins seems to be selective.[10]

text: Gastrovascular cavity

text: The gastrovascular cavity functions as a stomach in both digestion and the distribution of nutrients to all parts of the body. Extracellular digestion takes place within this central cavity, which is lined with the gastrodermis, the internal layer of epithelium. This cavity has only one opening to the outside that functions as both a mouth and an anus: waste and undigested matter is excreted through the mouth/anus, which can be described as an incomplete gut.

text: In a plant such as the Venus Flytrap that can make its own food through photosynthesis, it does not eat and digest its prey for the traditional objectives of harvesting energy and carbon, but mines prey primarily for essential nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus in particular) that are in short supply in its boggy, acidic habitat.[11]

text: Phagosome

text: A phagosome is a vacuole formed around a particle absorbed by phagocytosis. The vacuole is formed by the fusion of the cell membrane around the particle. A phagosome is a cellular compartment in which pathogenic microorganisms can be killed and digested. Phagosomes fuse with lysosomes in their maturation process, forming phagolysosomes. In humans, Entamoeba histolytica can phagocytose red blood cells.[12]

text: Specialised organs and behaviours

text: To aid in the digestion of their food animals evolved organs such as beaks, tongues, teeth, a crop, gizzard, and others.

text: Beaks

text: Birds have bony beaks that are specialised according to the bird's ecological niche. For example, macaws primarily eat seeds, nuts, and fruit, using their impressive beaks to open even the toughest seed. First they scratch a thin line with the sharp point of the beak, then they shear the seed open with the sides of the beak.

text: The mouth of the squid is equipped with a sharp horny beak mainly made of cross-linked proteins. It is used to kill and tear prey into manageable pieces. The beak is very robust, but does not contain any minerals, unlike the teeth and jaws of many other organisms, including marine species.[13] The beak is the only indigestible part of the squid.

text: Tongue

text: The tongue is skeletal muscle on the floor of the mouth that manipulates food for chewing (mastication) and swallowing (deglutition). It is sensitive and kept moist by saliva. The underside of the tongue is covered with a smooth mucous membrane. The tongue also has a touch sense for locating and positioning food particles that require further chewing. The tongue is utilized to roll food particles into a bolus before being transported down the esophagus through peristalsis.

text: The sublingual region underneath the front of the tongue is a location where the oral mucosa is very thin, and underlain by a plexus of veins. This is an ideal location for introducing certain medications to the body. The sublingual route takes advantage of the highly vascular quality of the oral cavity, and allows for the speedy application of medication into the cardiovascular system, bypassing the gastrointestinal tract.

text: Teeth

text: Teeth (singular tooth) are small whitish structures found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates that are used to tear, scrape, milk and chew food. Teeth are not made of bone, but rather of tissues of varying density and hardness, such as enamel, dentine and cementum. Human teeth have a blood and nerve supply which enables proprioception. This is the ability of sensation when chewing, for example if we were to bite into something too hard for our teeth, such as a chipped plate mixed in food, our teeth send a message to our brain and we realise that it cannot be chewed, so we stop trying.

text: The shapes, sizes and numbers of types of animals' teeth are related to their diets. For example, herbivores have a number of molars which are used to grind plant matter, which is difficult to digest. Carnivores have canine teeth which are used to kill and tear meat.

text: Crop

text: A crop, or croup, is a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary tract used for the storage of food prior to digestion. In some birds it is an expanded, muscular pouch near the gullet or throat. In adult doves and pigeons, the crop can produce crop milk to feed newly hatched birds.[14]

text: Certain insects may have a crop or enlarged esophagus.

text: Abomasum

text: Herbivores have evolved cecums (or an abomasum in the case of ruminants). Ruminants have a fore-stomach with four chambers. These are the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. In the first two chambers, the rumen and the reticulum, the food is mixed with saliva and separates into layers of solid and liquid material. Solids clump together to form the cud (or bolus). The cud is then regurgitated, chewed slowly to completely mix it with saliva and to break down the particle size.

text: Fibre, especially cellulose and hemi-cellulose, is primarily broken down into the volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in these chambers (the reticulo-rumen) by microbes: (bacteria, protozoa, and fungi). In the omasum, water and many of the inorganic mineral elements are absorbed into the blood stream.

text: The abomasum is the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants. It is a close equivalent of a monogastric stomach (e.g., those in humans or pigs), and digesta is processed here in much the same way. It serves primarily as a site for acid hydrolysis of microbial and dietary protein, preparing these protein sources for further digestion and absorption in the small intestine. Digesta is finally moved into the small intestine, where the digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs. Microbes produced in the reticulo-rumen are also digested in the small intestine.

text: Specialised behaviours

text: Regurgitation has been mentioned above under abomasum and crop, referring to crop milk, a secretion from the lining of the crop of pigeons and doves with which the parents feed their young by regurgitation.[15]

text: Many sharks have the ability to turn their stomachs inside out and evert it out of their mouths in order to get rid of unwanted contents (perhaps developed as a way to reduce exposure to toxins).

text: Other animals, such as rabbits and rodents, practise coprophagia behaviours – eating specialised faeces in order to re-digest food, especially in the case of roughage. Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex digestive system as do, for example, ruminants. Instead they extract more nutrition from grass by giving their food a second pass through the gut. Soft faecal pellets of partially digested food are excreted and generally consumed immediately. They also produce normal droppings, which are not eaten.

text: Young elephants, pandas, koalas, and hippos eat the faeces of their mother, probably to obtain the bacteria required to properly digest vegetation. When they are born, their intestines do not contain these bacteria (they are completely sterile). Without them, they would be unable to get any nutritional value from many plant components.

text: In earthworms

text: An earthworm's digestive system consists of a mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine. The mouth is surrounded by strong lips, which act like a hand to grab pieces of dead grass, leaves, and weeds, with bits of soil to help chew. The lips break the food down into smaller pieces. In the pharynx, the food is lubricated by mucus secretions for easier passage. The esophagus adds calcium carbonate to neutralize the acids formed by food matter decay. Temporary storage occurs in the crop where food and calcium carbonate are mixed. The powerful muscles of the gizzard churn and mix the mass of food and dirt. When the churning is complete, the glands in the walls of the gizzard add enzymes to the thick paste, which helps chemically breakdown the organic matter. By peristalsis, the mixture is sent to the intestine where friendly bacteria continue chemical breakdown. This releases carbohydrates, protein, fat, and various vitamins and minerals for absorption into the body.

text: Overview of vertebrate digestion

text: In most vertebrates, digestion is a multistage process in the digestive system, starting from ingestion of raw materials, most often other organisms. Ingestion usually involves some type of mechanical and chemical processing. Digestion is separated into four steps:

text:
Ingestion: placing food into the mouth (entry of food in the digestive system),
Mechanical and chemical breakdown: mastication and the mixing of the resulting bolus with water, acids, bile and enzymes in the stomach and intestine to break down complex molecules into simple structures,
Absorption: of nutrients from the digestive system to the circulatory and lymphatic capillaries through osmosis, active transport, and diffusion, and
Egestion (Excretion): Removal of undigested materials from the digestive tract through defecation.

tag: ol

text: Underlying the process is muscle movement throughout the system through swallowing and peristalsis. Each step in digestion requires energy, and thus imposes an "overhead charge" on the energy made available from absorbed substances. Differences in that overhead cost are important influences on lifestyle, behavior, and even physical structures. Examples may be seen in humans, who differ considerably from other hominids (lack of hair, smaller jaws and musculature, different dentition, length of intestines, cooking, etc.).

text: The major part of digestion takes place in the small intestine. The large intestine primarily serves as a site for fermentation of indigestible matter by gut bacteria and for resorption of water from digests before excretion.

text: In mammals, preparation for digestion begins with the cephalic phase in which saliva is produced in the mouth and digestive enzymes are produced in the stomach. Mechanical and chemical digestion begin in the mouth where food is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin enzymatic processing of starches. The stomach continues to break food down mechanically and chemically through churning and mixing with both acids and enzymes. Absorption occurs in the stomach and gastrointestinal tract, and the process finishes with defecation.[1]

text: Human digestion process

text: The human gastrointestinal tract is around 9 meters long. Food digestion physiology varies between individuals and upon other factors such as the characteristics of the food and size of the meal, and the process of digestion normally takes between 24 and 72 hours.[16]

text: Digestion begins in the mouth with the secretion of saliva and its digestive enzymes. Food is formed into a bolus by the mechanical mastication and swallowed into the esophagus from where it enters the stomach through the action of peristalsis. Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and pepsin which would damage the walls of the stomach and mucus is secreted for protection. In the stomach further release of enzymes break down the food further and this is combined with the churning action of the stomach. The partially digested food enters the duodenum as a thick semi-liquid chyme. In the small intestine, the larger part of digestion takes place and this is helped by the secretions of bile, pancreatic juice and intestinal juice. The intestinal walls are lined with villi, and their epithelial cells is covered with numerous microvilli to improve the absorption of nutrients by increasing the surface area of the intestine.

text: In the large intestine the passage of food is slower to enable fermentation by the gut flora to take place. Here water is absorbed and waste material stored as feces to be removed by defecation via the anal canal and anus.

text: Neural and biochemical control mechanisms

text: Different phases of digestion take place including: the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase.

text: The cephalic phase occurs at the sight, thought and smell of food, which stimulate the cerebral cortex. Taste and smell stimuli are sent to the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. After this it is routed through the vagus nerve and release of acetylcholine. Gastric secretion at this phase rises to 40% of maximum rate. Acidity in the stomach is not buffered by food at this point and thus acts to inhibit parietal (secretes acid) and G cell (secretes gastrin) activity via D cell secretion of somatostatin.

text: The gastric phase takes 3 to 4 hours. It is stimulated by distension of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in pH. Distention activates long and myenteric reflexes. This activates the release of acetylcholine, which stimulates the release of more gastric juices. As protein enters the stomach, it binds to hydrogen ions, which raises the pH of the stomach. Inhibition of gastrin and gastric acid secretion is lifted. This triggers G cells to release gastrin, which in turn stimulates parietal cells to secrete gastric acid. Gastric acid is about 0.5% hydrochloric acid (HCl), which lowers the pH to the desired pH of 1-3. Acid release is also triggered by acetylcholine and histamine.

text: The intestinal phase has two parts, the excitatory and the inhibitory. Partially digested food fills the duodenum. This triggers intestinal gastrin to be released. Enterogastric reflex inhibits vagal nuclei, activating sympathetic fibers causing the pyloric sphincter to tighten to prevent more food from entering, and inhibits local reflexes.

text: Breakdown into nutrients

text: This section needs expansion with: digestion of other substances. You can help by adding to it. (August 2011)

text: Protein digestion

text: Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and duodenum in which 3 main enzymes, pepsin secreted by the stomach and trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas, break down food proteins into polypeptides that are then broken down by various exopeptidases and dipeptidases into amino acids. The digestive enzymes however are mostly secreted as their inactive precursors, the zymogens. For example, trypsin is secreted by pancreas in the form of trypsinogen, which is activated in the duodenum by enterokinase to form trypsin. Trypsin then cleaves proteins to smaller polypeptides.

text: Fat digestion

text: Digestion of some fats can begin in the mouth where lingual lipase breaks down some short chain lipids into diglycerides. However fats are mainly digested in the small intestine.[17] The presence of fat in the small intestine produces hormones that stimulate the release of pancreatic lipase from the pancreas and bile from the liver which helps in the emulsification of fats for absorption of fatty acids.[17] Complete digestion of one molecule of fat (a triglyceride) results a mixture of fatty acids, mono- and di-glycerides, as well as some undigested triglycerides, but no free glycerol molecules.[17]

text: Carbohydrate digestion

text: In humans, dietary starches are composed of glucose units arranged in long chains called amylose, a polysaccharide. During digestion, bonds between glucose molecules are broken by salivary and pancreatic amylase, resulting in progressively smaller chains of glucose. This results in simple sugars glucose and maltose (2 glucose molecules) that can be absorbed by the small intestine.

text: Lactase is an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide lactose to its component parts, glucose and galactose. Glucose and galactose can be absorbed by the small intestine. Approximately 65 percent of the adult population produce only small amounts of lactase and are unable to eat unfermented milk-based foods. This is commonly known as lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance varies widely by ethnic heritage; more than 90 percent of peoples of east Asian descent are lactose intolerant, in contrast to about 5 percent of people of northern European descent.[18]

text: Sucrase is an enzyme that breaks down the disaccharide sucrose, commonly known as table sugar, cane sugar, or beet sugar. Sucrose digestion yields the sugars fructose and glucose which are readily absorbed by the small intestine.

text: DNA and RNA digestion

text: DNA and RNA are broken down into mononucleotides by the nucleases deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease (DNase and RNase) from the pancreas.

text: Non-destructive digestion

text: Some nutrients are complex molecules (for example vitamin B12) which would be destroyed if they were broken down into their functional groups. To digest vitamin B12 non-destructively, haptocorrin in saliva strongly binds and protects the B12 molecules from stomach acid as they enter the stomach and are cleaved from their protein complexes.[19]

text: After the B12-haptocorrin complexes pass from the stomach via the pylorus to the duodenum, pancreatic proteases cleave haptocorrin from the B12 molecules which rebind to intrinsic factor (IF). These B12-IF complexes travel to the ileum portion of the small intestine where cubilin receptors enable assimilation and circulation of B12-IF complexes in the blood.[20]

text: Digestive hormones

text: There are at least five hormones that aid and regulate the digestive system in mammals. There are variations across the vertebrates, as for instance in birds. Arrangements are complex and additional details are regularly discovered. For instance, more connections to metabolic control (largely the glucose-insulin system) have been uncovered in recent years.

text:
Gastrin – is in the stomach and stimulates the gastric glands to secrete pepsinogen (an inactive form of the enzyme pepsin) and hydrochloric acid. Secretion of gastrin is stimulated by food arriving in stomach. The secretion is inhibited by low pH.
Secretin – is in the duodenum and signals the secretion of sodium bicarbonate in the pancreas and it stimulates the bile secretion in the liver. This hormone responds to the acidity of the chyme.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) – is in the duodenum and stimulates the release of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and stimulates the emptying of bile in the gall bladder. This hormone is secreted in response to fat in chyme.
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) – is in the duodenum and decreases the stomach churning in turn slowing the emptying in the stomach. Another function is to induce insulin secretion.
Motilin – is in the duodenum and increases the migrating myoelectric complex component of gastrointestinal motility and stimulates the production of pepsin.

text: Significance of pH

text: Digestion is a complex process controlled by several factors. pH plays a crucial role in a normally functioning digestive tract. In the mouth, pharynx and esophagus, pH is typically about 6.8, very weakly acidic. Saliva controls pH in this region of the digestive tract. Salivary amylase is contained in saliva and starts the breakdown of carbohydrates into monosaccharides. Most digestive enzymes are sensitive to pH and will denature in a high or low pH environment.

text: The stomach's high acidity inhibits the breakdown of carbohydrates within it. This acidity confers two benefits: it denatures proteins for further digestion in the small intestines, and provides non-specific immunity, damaging or eliminating various pathogens.[citation needed]

text: In the small intestines, the duodenum provides critical pH balancing to activate digestive enzymes. The liver secretes bile into the duodenum to neutralize the acidic conditions from the stomach, and the pancreatic duct empties into the duodenum, adding bicarbonate to neutralize the acidic chyme, thus creating a neutral environment. The mucosal tissue of the small intestines is alkaline with a pH of about 8.5.[citation needed]