document_title: West Pakistan

question_text: who was the first governor of west pakistan

text: West Pakistan

text: Political history[edit]

text: Independence after British colonial period[edit]

text: At the time of the state establishment in 1947, the founding fathers of Pakistan participated in the Boundary Commission conference. Headed by Cyril Radcliffe, the Commission was tasked with negotiating the arrangement, area division, and future political set up of Pakistan and India.

text: Pakistan was formed from two distinct areas, separated by a thousand miles and India. The western state was composed of three Governor's provinces (North-West Frontier, West-Punjab and Sindh Province), one Chief Commissioner's province (Baluchistan Province), the Baluchistan States Union, several other princely states (notably Bahawalpur, Chitral, Dir, Hunza, Khairpur and Swat), the Federal Capital Territory (around Karachi) and the tribal areas.[1] The eastern wing of the new country – East Pakistan – formed the single province of East Bengal, including the former Assam district of Sylhet.

text: West Pakistan experienced great problems related to the divisions, including ethnic and racial friction, lack of knowledge, and uncertainty of where to demarcate the permanent borders.[2] East Pakistan, Balochistan, and the North-West Frontier Province experienced little difficulty, but Southern Pakistani Punjab faced considerable problems that had to be fixed.[2] Former East Punjab was integrated with the Indian administration, and millions of Punjabi Muslims were expelled to be replaced by a Sikh and Hindu population and vice versa.[3] The communal violence spread to all over the Indian subcontinent. Economic rehabilitation efforts needing the attention of Pakistan's founding fathers further escalated the problems.[3]

text: The division also divided the natural resources, industries, economic infrastructure, manpower, and military might, with India as the larger share owner.[4] India retained 345 million in population[5] (91%) to Pakistan's 35 million[6] (9%). Land area was divided as 78% to India and 22% to Pakistan. Military forces were divided up with a ratio of 64% for India and 36% for Pakistan.[7] Most of the military assets – such as weapons depots and military bases – were located inside India; facilities in Pakistan were mostly obsolete, and they had a dangerously low ammunition reserve of only one week.[7] Four divisions were raised in West Pakistan, whilst one division was raised in East Pakistan.[7]

text: Parliamentary democracy[edit]

text: From the time of its establishment, the State of Pakistan had the vision of a federal parliamentary democratic republic form of government. With the founding fathers remaining in West Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan was appointed the country's first prime minister, with Mohammad Ali Jinnah as Governor-General. West Pakistan claimed the exclusive mandate over all of Pakistan, with the majority of the Pakistan Movement's leading figures in West Pakistan. In 1949, the Constituent Assembly passed the Objectives Resolution and the Annex to the Constitution of Pakistan, paving the road to a Westernized federal parliamentary republic. The work on parliamentary reforms was constituted by the constituent assembly the year after, in 1950.

text: The western section of Pakistan dominated the politics of the new country. Although East Pakistan had over half of the population, it had a disproportionately small number of seats in the Constituent Assembly. This inequality of the two wings and the geographical distance between them was believed to be holding up the adoption of a new constitution. To diminish the differences between the two regions, the government decided to reorganise the country into two distinct provinces.

text: Under the One Unit policy announced by Prime Minister Chaudhry Muhammad Ali on 22 November 1954, the four provinces and territories of western Pakistan were integrated into one unit to mirror the single province in the east. The state of West Pakistan was established by the merger of the provinces, states, and tribal areas of West Pakistan. The province was composed of twelve divisions and the provincial capital was established at Karachi. Later the state capital moved to Lahore, and it was finally established in Islamabad in 1965. The province of East Bengal was renamed East Pakistan with the provincial state capital at Dhaka (Dacca).

text: Clashes between East Pakistan and West Pakistan soon erupted, further destabilising the entire country. The two states had different political ideologies[citation needed] and different lingual cultural aspect. West Pakistan had been founded on the main basis of a parliamentary democracy (and had a parliamentary republic form of government since 1947), with Islam as its state religion. In contrast, East Pakistan had been a socialist state since the 1954 elections,[citation needed] with state secularism proclaimed.[citation needed] West Pakistan sided with the United States and her NATO allies, whilst East Pakistan remained sympathetic to the Soviet Union and her Eastern Bloc.[citation needed] Pakistan's 1956 constitution validated the parliamentary form of government, with Islam as state religion and Urdu, English and Bengali as state languages. The 1956 constitution also established the Parliament of Pakistan as well as the Supreme Court of Pakistan.

text: Ethnic and religious violence in Lahore, which began in 1953, spread all over the country. Muhammad Ali Bogra, prime minister of Pakistan, declared martial law in Lahore to curb the violence. This inter-communal violence soon spread to India, and a regional conflicts put West Pakistan and India in a war-threatening situation. The prime ministers of Pakistan and India held an emergency meeting in Lahore.

text: Military dictatorships[edit]

text: From 1947 to 1959, the government was only partially stable. Seven prime ministers, four governors-general, and one president were forcefully removed either by constitutional coup or by military coup. The One Unit program was met with harsh opposition, civil unrest, and political disturbance. Support for the Muslim League and Pakistan Socialist Party in the upcoming elections threatened Pakistan's technocracy. The Muslim League and Socialist Party gained momentum after the League's defeat in the 1954 elections, and the Socialist Party were challenging for the constituencies of the President Iskandar Mirza's Republican Party. Relations with the United States deteriorated, with the US assessing that democracy in both states was failing.

text: A US-backed military coup d'état was launched in 1958 by the Pakistan Army command. The Urdu-speaking class and the Bengali nation were forcefully removed from the affairs of West Pakistan. With the imposition of martial law led by then-Army Commander-in-Chief General Ayub Khan, the state capital was moved from Karachi to Army Generals Combatant Headquarters (The GHQ) at Rawalpindi in 1959, whilst the federal legislature was moved to Dacca. In 1963, Rawalpindi had become ineffective as a federal capital; a new city was planned and constructed, finally completing in 1965. In 1965, the state capital was finally re-located in Islamabad.

text: Dissolution in 1970[edit]

text: On contrary perception, the provinces did not benefit from economic progress, but the One Unit program strengthened the central government.[8] In West Pakistan, the four provinces also struggled hard for the abolition of One Unit which caused injustices to them as it was imposed on them.[9]

text: The provisional powerful committees pressured the central government through the means of civil disobedience, violence on street, raising slogans against the martial law, and attacks on government machines such as police forces.[8][9] For several weeks, the four provinces worked together and guided the "One Unit Dissolution Committee", towards resolving all outstanding issues in time set by the Yahya government.[8][10] Finally, the committee’s plan went into effect on 1 July 1970, when West Pakistan's "One Unit" was dissolved, and all power was transferred to the provinces of Balochistan, the North West Frontier Province, Punjab and Sindh.[8][10] President General Yahya Khan issued the decree, simply removing the "West", and adding the word "Pakistan" on 1 July 1970.[8]

text: In the 1970 general elections (held in December 1970 and ), the far left Awami League under Mujibur Rahman won an overall majority of seats in Parliament and all but 2 of the 162 seats allocated to East Pakistan. The Awami League advocated greater autonomy for East Pakistan but the military government did not permit Mujibur Rahman to form a government.

text: On 25 March 1971, West Pakistan began a civil war to subdue the democratic victory of East Pakistanis. This began the war between the Pakistani military and the Mukhti Bahini resistance fighters. In November 1971, General Yahya Khan ordered Pakistan Army Corps of Military Police to arrest both Bhutto and Rehman, and he ordered action against East Pakistan's military government. The resulting refugee crisis led to the intervention by India, eventually leading to the surrender of the Pakistani Army. East Pakistan suffered a genocide of its Bengali population.

text: East Pakistan became the independent state of Bangladesh on 16 December 1971. The term West Pakistan became redundant.

text: Government[edit]

text: West Pakistan went through many political changes, and had a multiple political party system. West Pakistan's political system consisted of the popular influential Left-wing sphere against elite Right-wing circles.

text: Parliamentary republic[edit]

text: Since independence, West Pakistan had been a parliamentary republic (even as of today, the parliamentary system is the official form of government of Pakistan) with a Prime minister as the head of the government and a President as a head of state in a ceremonial office.

text: The 1956 Constitution provided the country with Semi-presidential system and the office of President was inaugurated the same year. The career civil service officer Major-General (retired) Iskander Mirza became the country's first President, but the system did not evolved for more than the three years, when Mirza imposed the martial law in 1958. Mirza appointed army commander General Ayub Khan as Chief Martial Law Administrator; he later turned his back on the President and exiled him to Great Britain after the military government was installed.

text: The Supreme Court of Pakistan was a judicial authority, a power broker in country's politics that played a major role in minimising the role of parliament. The Supreme Court was moved to Islamabad in 1965 and Chief Justice Alvin Robert Cornelius re-located the entire judicial arbiter, personnel and high-profile cases in Islamabad. The Supreme Court building is one of the most attractive places in Islamabad, yet the most largely beautiful building in the state capital.

text: This provisional parliament had no lasting effects of West Pakistan's affairs but it was a ceremonial legislature where the lawmakers would gather around to discuss non-political matters. In 1965, the legislative parliament was moved to Islamabad after Ayub Khan built a massive capitol. The assembly was renamed as the Parliament of Pakistan and staffed only with technocrats.

text: Governor and chief minister[edit]

text: The office of Governor of West Pakistan was a largely ceremonial position but later Governors wielded some executive powers as well. The first Governor was Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani, who was also the last Governor of West Punjab. Ayub Khan abolished the Governor's office and instead established the Martial Law Administrator of West Pakistan (MLA West).

text: The office Chief Minister of West Pakistan was the chief executive of the state and the leader of the largest party in the provincial assembly. The first Chief Minister was Abdul Jabbar Khan who had served twice as Chief Minister of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province prior to independence. The office of Chief Minister was abolished in 1958 when Ayub Khan took over the administration of West Pakistan.

text: Governors of West Pakistan[edit]

text:
Tenure
Governor of West Pakistan[11]
Party Background
Form of Government

14 October 1955 – 27 August 1957
Mushtaq Ahmed Gurmani
Muslim League
Democratic government

September 1957 – 12 April 1960
Akhter Husain
Independent
Democratic government / Civilian Authority

12 April 1960 – 18 September 1966
Amir Mohammad Khan
Muslim League
Civilian Authority / Democratic government

18 September 1966 – 20 March 1969
General (retired) Muhammad Musa
Military Government
Civilian Authority

20 March 1969 – 25 March 1969
Yusuf Haroon
Civilian Government
Civilian Authority

Tenure Term
Martial Law Administrator
Type of Government
Service in effect

25 March 1969 – 29 August 1969
Lieutenant-General Attiqur Rahman (first term)
Military Government
Pakistan Army

29 August 1969 – 1 September 1969
Lieutenant-General Tikka Khan
Military Government
Pakistan Army

1 September 1969 – 1 February 1970
Air Marshal Nur Khan
Military Government
Pakistan Air Force

1 February 1970 – 1 July 1970
Lieutenant-General Attiqur Rahman (second term)
Military Government
Pakistan Army

1 July 1970
Province of West Pakistan dissolved

text: Chief Ministers of West Pakistan[edit]

text:
Tenure
Chief Minister of West Pakistan[11]
Political Party

14 October 1955 – 16 July 1957
Dr Khan Sahib
Pakistan Muslim League/Republican Party

16 July 1957 – 18 March 1958
Sardar Abdur Rashid Khan
Republican Party

18 March 1958 – 7 October 1958
Nawab Muzaffar Ali Khan Qizilbash
Republican Party

7 October 1958
Office of Chief Minister abolished

text: Local government[edit]

text: The twelve divisions of West Pakistan province were Bahawalpur, Dera Ismail Khan, Hyderabad, Kalat, Khairpur, Lahore, Malakand, Multan, Peshawar, Quetta, Rawalpindi, and Sargodha; all named after their capitals except the capital of Malakand was Saidu, and Rawalpindi was administered from Islamabad. The province also incorporated the former Omani enclave of Gwadar following its purchase in 1958, and the former Federal Capital Territory (Karachi) in 1961; the latter forming a new division in its own right.

text: In 1970, the Martial Law Office was dissolved by General Yahya Khan who disestablished the state of West Pakistan. On 1 July 1970, the provisional assemblies of Balochistan, Punjab, Sindh, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Office of Prime minister, and much of the civil institutions were revived and re-established by the decree signed by Yahya Khan. The four provinces and four administrative units retained their current status and local governments were constitutionally established in 1970 to manage and administer the provisional autonomy given to the provinces in 1970.

text: Domestic affairs[edit]

text: Position toward East Pakistan[edit]

text: During West Pakistan's conflict with India, East Pakistan's military government remained silent and did not send any troops to exert pressure on Eastern India. West Pakistan accused East Pakistan of not taking any action, and their inaction caused West Pakistani resentment against East Pakistan's government.[citation needed] In fact, the Indian Air Force Eastern Air Command attacked East Pakistan's Air Force. However, East Pakistan was defended only by the under-strength 14th Infantry Division and sixteen fighter jets; no tanks and no navy were established in East Pakistan.

text: Days of disintegration[edit]

text: The One Unit policy was regarded as a rational administrative reform that would reduce expenditure and eliminate provincial prejudices.[12] West Pakistan formed a seemingly homogeneous block, but in reality it comprised marked linguistic and ethnic distinctions. The four provinces did not quite fit official definitions of a single nation.[13]

text: The Sindhi and Urdu-speaking class in Sindh Province revolted against the One Unit policy.[14] The violence spread to Balochistan Province, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab Province. The One Unit policy was a failure in West Pakistan, and its survival was seen as improbable.[14] However, with the military coup of 1958, trouble loomed for the province when the office of Chief Minister was abolished and the President took over executive powers for West Pakistan.[12]

text: Influence of socialism[edit]

text: Due to West Pakistan's close relations with the United States and the capitalist states, the influence of socialism had far more deeper roots in the West Pakistan population. The population favoured socialism but never allied with communism.[citation needed] The Pakistan Socialist Party had previously lost support due to its anti-Pakistan clauses during the time of the pre-independence movement. However, despite initiatives to improve the population during the Ayub Khan's government, the poor masses did not enjoy the benefits and reforms that were enjoyed by the middle and gentry classes of Pakistan.

text: After the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965, the cultural revolution, resentment, hostility towards the government began to arise when the population felt that "Kashmir cause" was betrayed by President Ayub Khan. Problems further mounted after Foreign minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was sacked and vowed to take a revenge. After gathering and uniting the scattered democratic socialist and Marxist masses, Bhutto founded the Pakistan Peoples Party in 1967. The socialists tapped a wave of antipathy against the United States-allied president. The socialists integrated in poor and urban provinces of West Pakistan, educating people to cast their vote for their better future, and the importance of democracy was widely sensed in the entire country. The socialists, under Bhutto's guidance and leadership, played a vital role in managing labour strikes and civil disobedience to challenge Khan's authority. The military government responded fiercely after arresting the senior socialists' leadership, notably Bhutto, Mubashir Hassan, and Malick Mirage. This sparked gruesome violence in West Pakistan, thereby increasing pressure on Khan that he was unable to endure. Khan called for a Round Table Conference in Rawalpindi, but socialists led by Bhutto refused to accept Ayub's continuation in office and rejected the 6 Point Movement for regional autonomy put forth in 1966 by East Pakistani politician Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.

text: In 1969, Khan handed over power to Army Chief of Staff General Yahya Khan, who promised to hold elections within two years. Meantime, Bhutto extensively worked to gather and unite the country's left-wing organisations, which, under Bhutto's leadership, participated with full force and became vital players in the country's politics.

text: Foreign relations[edit]

text: Afghanistan[edit]

text: The long border between Afghanistan and West Pakistan was uneasy. This is due in part to the independent Pashtun tribes that inhabit the area. In addition, the physical boundary is uncertain: the 1893 Durand Line was used by West Pakistan to mark the border between the two countries, but Afghanistan has never recognised that frontier.[15]

text: In 1955, diplomatic relations were severed with the ransacking of Pakistan's embassy. In 1961, Pakistan Armed Forces suppressed an Afghan invasion in the Bajaur region of Pakistan.

text: India[edit]

text: West Pakistan had hostile relations with India, primarily due to aftermaths of the 1947 independence and the issue of Kashmir.

text: In 1947, the Pakistan army and Pakistan Air Force attempted to annexe Kashmir, but were pushed back by the Indian army. Although the operation was a partial success, it did occupy 40% of Kashmir, which was later integrated into Northern Pakistan.

text: In 1965, "Operation Gibraltar" had long-ranging negative effects, outside and inside the country. Foreign minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Defence minister Vice-Admiral Afzal Rahman Khan approached President Ayub Khan for approval of a covert operation to infiltrate Indian Kashmir using airborne troops from the Pakistan army (Special Service Group) and Pakistan Air Force (Special Service Wing). During nights in August 1965, airborne troops parachuted into Indian Kashmir whilst ground assault began by Pakistan Army's troops. The airborne troops managed to occupy much of Indian-administered Kashmir and were only 6 miles (10 km) from Srinagar, but this was the closest Pakistani troops ever got to capturing the city. In September 1965, India launched a counter-attack and the airborne troops were pushed back to what is today Azad Kashmir. The operation failed brutally, and Indian Armed Forces attacked West Pakistan with full force. The Soviet Union intervened in the conflict in September 1965 (for fear of escalation), and the month–long war ended with no permanent territorial changes. West Pakistan and India signed the Tashkent Declaration in January 1966, but the ceasefire was criticised both in India and Pakistan, and public resentment against each other grew. In West Pakistan, Ayub Khan deposed Bhutto as his Foreign minister, and Vice-Admiral Khan blamed Bhutto for the operation's failure. As an aftermath, Bhutto tapped into an anti-Ayub Khan movement and kicked off a storm of civil disobedience. Protests and spontaneous demonstrations broke out around the country, and Ayub Khan lost the control. In 1967, another martial law was imposed by another Army Commander-in-Chief, General Yahya Khan, who designated himself as the Chief Martial Law Administrator.

text: People's Republic of China[edit]

text: West Pakistan had positive relations with the People's Republic of China, with whom it shared a small northern border.

text: In 1950, Pakistan was among the first countries to end official diplomatic relations with the Taiwanese Republic of China and recognise the PRC. After that, both countries maintained an extremely close and supportive relationship.[16][17] The PRC provided economic, military and technical assistance to Pakistan during the Cold War, and the two countries considered each other to be close strategic allies.[18]

text: Soviet Union[edit]

text: Relations varied from cool to extremely strained between West Pakistan and the Soviet Union. This was during the Cold War, and Pakistan's close ties with the United States came at the expense of relations with the Soviets.

text: Soviet-Pakistan relations were further eroded during the 1960 U-2 incident, when the Soviets shot down a US spyplane; Army Chief-of-Staff Ayub Khan had given the US permission to fly out of Peshawar Air Station on reconnaissance and covert surveillance missions over the Soviet Union.

text: The USSR backed India during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The Soviets were the biggest supplier of military hardware to India at that time.[19]

text: United States[edit]

text: The United States was one of the first nations to establish relations with Pakistan upon its independence.[citation needed]

text: Pakistan was allied with the US during the Cold war against the USSR. Pakistan was an integral member of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) and the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), both alliances opposed to the Soviet Union and communism.

text: A major factor in Pakistan's decision to ally with the West was their urgent need for aid.[20] In the years that followed, the US supplied extensive economic, scientific, and military assistance to Pakistan.[21]

text: This close relationship continued through Pakistan's years of democracy and military rule. Relations only soured after West Pakistan had dissolved into Pakistan, when the left-oriented Pakistan Peoples Party came to power in 1971.


document_title: List of national anthem performers at the Super Bowl

question_text: who sang the national anthem at the super bowl 50

root

text: Performances[edit]

text:
No.
Year
Venue
Performer(s)[1]

I
1967
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, California
The Pride of Arizona, Michigan Marching Band, and UCLA choir

II
1968
Orange Bowl, Miami
GSU Tiger Marching Band

III
1969
Lloyd Geisler of the Washington National Symphony Orchestra[2]
An NFL.com reference ([1]) states that Anita Bryant performed the anthem, but NBC's broadcast of game, available from the Paley Center for Media's collection, shows that Geisler performed it.

IV
1970
Tulane Stadium, New Orleans
Al Hirt

V
1971
Orange Bowl, Miami
Tommy Loy (trumpet)

VI
1972
Tulane Stadium, New Orleans
U.S. Air Force Academy Chorale

VII
1973
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Little Angels (children's choir) of Chicago's Holy Angels Church

VIII
1974
Rice Stadium, Houston, Texas
Charley Pride

IX
1975
Tulane Stadium, New Orleans
GSU Tiger Marching Band (2)

X
1976
Orange Bowl, Miami
Tom Sullivan

XI
1977
Rose Bowl, Pasadena, California
None (Vikki Carr sang "America the Beautiful")

XII
1978
Louisiana Superdome, New Orleans
Phyllis Kelly of Northeast Louisiana University

XIII
1979
Orange Bowl, Miami
The Colgate Thirteen

XIV
1980
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Cheryl Ladd

XV
1981
Superdome, New Orleans
Helen O'Connell

XVI
1982
Pontiac Silverdome, Pontiac, Michigan
Diana Ross

XVII
1983
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Leslie Easterbrook

XVIII
1984
Tampa Stadium, Tampa, Florida
Barry Manilow

XIX
1985
Stanford Stadium, Stanford, California
San Francisco Boys Chorus, San Francisco Girls Chorus, Piedmont Children's Chorus, and San Francisco Children's Chorus

XX
1986
Superdome, New Orleans
Wynton Marsalis (trumpet)

XXI
1987
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Neil Diamond

XXII
1988
Jack Murphy Stadium, San Diego
Herb Alpert (trumpet)

XXIII
1989
Joe Robbie Stadium, Miami
Billy Joel

XXIV
1990
Superdome, New Orleans
Aaron Neville

XXV
1991
Tampa Stadium, Tampa
Whitney Houston with The Florida Orchestra directed by Jahja Ling

XXVI
1992
Metrodome, Minneapolis
Harry Connick, Jr.
ASL (American Sign Language): Lori Hilary

XXVII
1993
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
Garth Brooks
ASL: Marlee Matlin

XXVIII
1994
Georgia Dome, Atlanta
Natalie Cole
ASL: Courtney Keel Foley

XXIX
1995
Joe Robbie Stadium, Miami
Kathie Lee Gifford
ASL: Heather Whitestone

XXX
1996
Sun Devil Stadium, Tempe, Arizona
Vanessa L. Williams
ASL: Mary Kim Titla

XXXI
1997
Superdome, New Orleans
Luther Vandross
ASL: Erika Rachael Schwarz

XXXII
1998
Qualcomm Stadium, San Diego
Jewel
ASL: Phyllis Frelich

XXXIII
1999
Pro Player Stadium, Miami
Cher
ASL: Speaking Hands

XXXIV
2000
Georgia Dome, Atlanta
Faith Hill
ASL: Briarlake Elementary School Signing Choir

XXXV
2001
Raymond James Stadium, Tampa
Backstreet Boys
AASL: Tom Cooney

XXXVI
2002
Superdome, New Orleans
Mariah Carey
ASL: Joe Narcisse

XXXVII
2003
Qualcomm Stadium, San Diego
Dixie Chicks
ASL: Janet Maxwell

XXXVIII
2004
Reliant Stadium, Houston
Beyoncé
ASL: Suzanna Christy

XXXIX
2005
Alltel Stadium, Jacksonville, Florida
Combined choirs of the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy, the U.S. Air Force Academy (2), and the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, and the U.S. Army Herald Trumpets
ASL: Wesley Tallent

XL
2006
Ford Field, Detroit
Aaron Neville (2) and Aretha Franklin,
Dr. John (piano accompaniment)
ASL: Angela LaGuardia

XLI
2007
Dolphin Stadium, Miami Gardens, Florida
Billy Joel (2)
ASL: Marlee Matlin (2)

XLII
2008
University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, Arizona
Jordin Sparks
ASL: A Dreamer[3]

XLIII
2009
Raymond James Stadium, Tampa, Florida
Jennifer Hudson
ASL: Kristen Santos

XLIV
2010
Sun Life Stadium, Miami Gardens
Carrie Underwood
ASL: Kinesha Battles

XLV
2011
Cowboys Stadium, Arlington, Texas
Christina Aguilera
ASL: Candice Villesca[4]

XLVI
2012
Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis
Kelly Clarkson
ASL: Rachel Mazique[5]

XLVII
2013
Mercedes-Benz Superdome, New Orleans
Alicia Keys[6]
ASL: John Maucere[7]

XLVIII
2014
MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, New Jersey
Renée Fleming
ASL: Amber Zion

XLIX
2015
University of Phoenix Stadium, Glendale, Arizona[8]
Idina Menzel
ASL: Treshelle Edmond[9]

50
2016
Levi's Stadium, Santa Clara, California
Lady Gaga
ASL: Marlee Matlin (3)[10]

LI
2017
NRG Stadium, Houston, Texas
Luke Bryan
ASL: Kriston Lee Pumphery[11].

LII
2018
U.S. Bank Stadium, Minneapolis, Minnesota
Pink
ASL: Alexandria Wailes[12].

tag: table

text: Multiple and hometown performances[edit]

text: Acts that have performed three times:

tag: p

text: Marlee Matlin (ASL), (XXVII, XLI, and 50)

tag: ul

text: Acts that have performed two times:

text:
GSU Tiger Marching Band (II and IX)
Billy Joel (XXIII and XLI)
Aaron Neville (XXIV and XL)
U.S. Air Force Academy Chorale[13] (VI and XXXIX)

text: Singers that performed in or near their hometown metropolitan area:

text:
Beyoncé (XXXVIII, Houston)
Aretha Franklin (XL, Detroit)
Al Hirt (IV, New Orleans)
Aaron Neville (XXIV & XL, New Orleans)
Diana Ross (XVI, Detroit)
Jordin Sparks (XLII, Phoenix)

text: Notable performances[edit]

text: The performance by Whitney Houston at Super Bowl XXV in 1991, during the Gulf War, had been for many years regarded as one of the best renditions ever.[14][15][16][17][18][19] It was released as a single a few weeks later, appeared on the album Whitney: The Greatest Hits, and was re-released as a single in 2001 shortly after the September 11 attacks.

text: The 1992 performance marked the first time American Sign Language was used alongside the lead singer.

text: Faith Hill performed the anthem at Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000.[20] It became popular in country radio. Following the September 11 attacks, her version entered the country singles chart at number 35, despite not being released as an official single, and reentered the same chart at number 49 in July 2002.[citation needed]

text: At Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014, in an emotional and groundbreaking performance, soprano Renée Fleming became the first opera singer to perform the national anthem,[21] scoring the highest ratings for a Fox Network program in its history, and the second-highest ratings for any television program in history.

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Just days after Super Bowl XXV, a report surfaced that Whitney Houston lip synced her performance. It was confirmed that she was actually singing into a dead microphone, but the performance heard in the stadium and on television was prerecorded.[22][14][15]

text: Since 1993, the NFL has required performers to supply a backup track.[14] This came after Garth Brooks walked out of the stadium prior to his XXVII performance. Only 45 minutes before kickoff, he refused to take the stage, due to a dispute with NBC. Brooks requested that the network premiere his new music video "We Shall Be Free" during the pregame. The network chose not to air the video, due to content some felt was disturbing imagery. Brooks had also refused to pre-record the anthem, which meant the league had nothing to play if he left. Television producers spotted Jon Bon Jovi in the grandstands, and were prepared to use him as a replacement. After last-minute negotiations, NBC agreed to air a clip of the video during the broadcast of the game,[23] and Brooks was coaxed back into the stadium and sang.[19]

text: Following the "wardrobe malfunction" controversy during Super Bowl XXXVIII in 2004, all scheduled performers for Super Bowl XXXIX were chosen under heavy scrutiny.[24] Game organizers decided not to use a popular music vocalist.[25] The combined choirs of the U.S. Military Academy, the Naval Academy, Air Force Academy, Coast Guard Academy, and the U.S. Army Herald Trumpets were invited to perform. This was the first time since the second inauguration of President Richard Nixon in 1973 that all four service academies sang together.[13][26]

text: Two days after Super Bowl XLIII, it was revealed that Jennifer Hudson also had lip synced.[14]

text: At the beginning of Super Bowl XLV, Christina Aguilera sang the lyrics incorrectly. Instead of singing "O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming", the pop star sang "What so proudly we watched at the twilight's last gleaming".[27][28] According to the New York Times, she also changed "gleaming" to "reaming".[29]

text: Other patriotic performances[edit]

text: The following Super Bowls featured other patriotic performances besides the national anthem. Since 2009, "America the Beautiful" is sung before the national anthem.[30]

text:
1969: Apollo 8 crew
1970: Apollo astronauts
1973: Apollo 17 crew

text:
1977: Vikki Carr (in place of the national anthem)
2001: Ray Charles
2002: Mary J. Blige, Marc Anthony and the Boston Pops Orchestra
2005: Alicia Keys and a tribute video to the recently deceased Ray Charles
2009: Faith Hill
2010: Queen Latifah
2011: Lea Michele
2012: Blake Shelton and Miranda Lambert
2013: Jennifer Hudson with the Sandy Hook Elementary School Chorus[31][32]
2014: Queen Latifah with the New Jersey Youth Chorus
2015: John Legend [9]
2016: U.S. Armed Forces Chorus [33]
2017: Phillipa Soo, Renee Elise Goldsberry and Jasmine Cephas Jones.[34]
2018: Leslie Odom Jr..[35].

text: 2003: Céline Dion


document_title: Wide Open Spaces (song)

question_text: what is the song wide open spaces about

question_tokens: what is the song wide open spaces about

text: Wide Open Spaces (song)

text: History[edit]

text: Amarillo, Texas-based Susan Gibson wrote the song's first lyrics in 1993, on her first visit back home after leaving for forestry school at the University of Montana.[3][4] She left the notebook containing the lyrics at home by mistake when she returned to school; her mother found it and included it in a care package, inspiring Gibson to complete a song along the themes of leaving home.[3] She first performed it in local clubs around the University of Montana, where it was sometimes requested.[4]

text: By the late 1990s, Gibson was lead singer of the alt country band The Groobees.[5] They recorded an album, Wayside, that included "Wide Open Spaces"[3] and which would be released in 1999. It was produced by Lloyd Maines, father of new Dixie Chicks lead singer Natalie Maines.

text: Lloyd Maines identified with the tale of a daughter leaving home, and thought it would match Natalie's vocal character well; he brought the song to the group,[6] who tested it in concert a few times to a strong response.[3] Both the Chicks and Sony Music agreed with Lloyd Maines' assessment, not only recording it but making it the title tune of the Maines-era group's first album as well.[5][6]

text: The youthful, romantic, adventurous sense of independence featured in "Wide Open Spaces" helped key much of the group's new image; it thus became one of their signature songs and proved very popular among young teenage girls.[1] The lyric speaks of possibilities yet undiscovered:

text: The lyric has been considered an exemplar of the songwriting strategy in which lines are not repeated in either the verses or chorus.[7] The Texas, bluegrass-flavored arrangement[1] in the recording begins with a fiddle riff, with the band soon joining in. Verses are sung by Natalie Maines by herself, with drums, fiddle, and soft guitar and piano carrying the accompaniment. Choruses feature sisters Emily Erwin and Martie Seidel backing Maines with harmony vocals, and also add a banjo line. The instrumental break features Erwin and Seidel on mandolin and fiddle respectively. The main fiddle riff then brings the recording to a close.

text: Emily Erwin was proud that the group's hits such as this were still able to incorporate the banjo, an instrument the Nashville establishment often frowned upon as being too hillbilly.[8] Susan Gibson and "Wide Open Spaces" has been considered an example of the influence of the West Texas influence in country music songwriting;[9] Gibson herself considers Amarillo to be "where the wide open spaces are. Amarillo has the most beautiful sunsets."[3] Gibson's childhood family drives from Amarillo to Missoula, Montana also trace the song's lyric and settings.[4]

text: The song gained Nashville respect, as it was named the Country Music Association Awards Single of the Year in 1999.[10] It also won Gibson the American Songwriter Professional Country Songwriter of the Year award in early 2000,[10] as well as a BMI award the previous year.[10] Although the song itself was not nominated for a Grammy Award (the album was, as was its previous single, "There's Your Trouble", both of which won in their categories),[11] it was included on the various artists 1999 Grammy Nominees compilation album.

text: Music video[edit]

text: The music video for "Wide Open Spaces" portrayed the Dixie Chicks in a Rocky Mountains setting, cavorting through wide open fields of wildflowers and the like. Interspersed were scenes of the then-all blonde Chicks on tour: in performance, backstage, and on their tour bus (the last showing the slogan "Ain't Skeerd" on the outside). The performance was filmed at West Fest, an annual event in Winter Park, Colorado[12] where the Chicks appeared four years running.[5] The mountain scenes were done around Winter Park as well, and included background shots of some of the Chicks exercising their trampoline talents. It was directed by Thom Oliphant, who previously directed "There's Your Trouble," and would later co-direct "Without You."[12]

text: This effort was directed by Thom Oliphant,[12] and was named the Country Music Association Awards Music Video of the Year in 1999. It was placed at #32 on CMT's 2004 ranking of the 100 Greatest Videos.[13]

text: Chart positions[edit]

text:
Chart (1998)
Peak
position

Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[14]
1

US Billboard Hot 100[15]
41

US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[16]
1

text: Year-end charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1998)
Position

Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[17]
16

US Country Songs (Billboard)[18]
61

text:
Chart (1999)
Position

US Country Songs (Billboard)[19]
70

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The commercial success of the single and album gave songwriter Gibson something of a windfall, which she celebrated by going to San Marcos, Texas and buying gifts for everyone she knew.[6] She would later say the song was both innocent and personal for her, in the latter detailed so much that she was surprised another artist would relate to it.[20] She would say of the song's recording by the Chicks that it was "beautiful [with] stunning musicianship and very professional production ... [a] gorgeous recording."[4] And of the song's popularity, Gibson would say, "So much of the success of that song belongs to [the Dixie Chicks] ... but pairing that song with that group is what made 'Wide Open Spaces' what it is. It really was just a magical combination of right place, right time, right group. I'm glad it happened to me."[20]

text: "Wide Open Spaces" has been a constant on the Chicks' concert tours, and indeed was the only song from Wide Open Spaces still in the set list as of the 2006 Accidents & Accusations Tour. The New York Times said that in one such 2006 performance, in light of the still-ongoing Dixie Chicks political controversy, "songs like 'Wide Open Spaces' ..., about women leaving home and striking out on their own, sounded more than ever like mission statements."[21] Gibson also continues to perform it at her live performance outings.

text: The song appears on the game Karaoke Revolution edition CMT presents Karaoke Revolution Country.


document_title: History of the United States Virgin Islands

question_text: why did the us buy the virgin islands

question_tokens: why did the us buy the virgin islands

text: Overview[edit]

text: The USVI is located in the Lesser Antilles of the Eastern Caribbean (between the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea), the USVI are actually approximately 50 islands and cays (pronounced "keys"), the largest of which are St. Croix, St. Thomas and St. John, respectively.[1]

text: The population of the USVI forms a complex society with multiple diverse ethnic groups:Virgin Islanders, Eastern Caribbean islanders, Puerto Ricans, Dominicans (Dominican Republic), French, Americans (locally known as "continentals"), white Arabs and Asians. At least one writer feels the ethnic cultural practices and institutions that remain, migration, and the influence of the mainland United States have made the society more pluralistic than given it any common Virgin Islands identity.[2]

text: Early inhabitants of the Virgin Islands included the Ciboney, Arawaks, and Island Caribs.

text: The first documented Europeans to visit the islands arrived with Christopher Columbus. The islands were occupied by several nations over the next century, including England, the Dutch Republic, France, and Denmark.[citation needed] In 1733, the Danish West India Company purchased Saint Croix from the French and brought together Saint Thomas, Saint Croix, and Saint John as the Danish West Indies.

text: Danish trading posts were set up on the islands, trading in sugar, slaves and other goods. Sugar cane cultivation was a major economic activity for many years, with slaves used as one of the labor sources. However, following increasing humanitarian awareness, laws against slavery and a slave rebellion in 1848, the governor Peter von Scholten officially freed the last slaves the same year.

text: The islands were purchased from the Danish by the United States in 1917 under the Treaty of the Danish West Indies.

text: Early history[edit]

text: The Guanahatabey[edit]

text: Although not much is known about the Guanahatabey people who inhabited the islands during the Stone Age, archaeological evidence seems to indicate that they were hunter-gatherers. They made tools of stone and flint but left few other artifacts behind.

text: The Arawaks[edit]

text: Experts at canoe building and seamanship, the Arawaks migrated from the Amazon River Valley and Orinoco regions of Venezuela and Brazil, settling on the islands near coasts and rivers. These peaceful people excelled at fishing and farming. They grew cotton, tobacco, maize, yuca, and guava as well as a variety of other fruits and vegetables.

text: The Arawaks developed intricate social and cultural lives. For recreation, they held organized sporting events. They also valued artistic endeavors, such as cave painting and rock carving, some of which have survived to the present. Religion played a large role in their daily lives, and through ceremonial rituals they asked their gods for advice to help them through troubled times. Their civilization flourished for several hundred years until the Caribs invaded.

text: Caribs[edit]

text: While the Caribs came from the same area as the Arawaks and may have been distantly related, they did not share the Arawaks' friendly nature. Not only were they fierce warriors, they supposedly feasted on their adversaries. Their bloodthirsty reputation spawned the English word cannibal, derived from the name the Spanish gave them, Caribal.

text: Whether or not they actually ate their victims, the Caribs did destroy numerous Arawak villages. By the mid-15th century, the Caribs had slashed the Arawak population from several million to a few thousand. But even the Caribs were no match for the Europeans who came.

text: Spanish period[edit]

text: Blown off course during his 1493–1496 voyage, Christopher Columbus landed on Saint Croix, then continued his explorations on Saint Thomas and Saint John. He gave the islands their original Spanish names (Santa Cruz, San Tomas, and San Juan), focusing on religious themes. The collection of tiny islets, cays, and rocks dotting the sea around them reminded Columbus of Saint Ursula and her 11,000 virgin martyrs, inspiring the name Las Once Mil Virgenes.

text: The first encounter Columbus had with the Caribs quickly erupted into a battle. When Columbus and his crew decided to move on to other islands, they kidnapped six Arawaks to guide them. Although Columbus left without founding a colony, many more battles between the Spanish and Caribs followed over the next century.

text: French period[edit]

text: For the French colonisation see French West Indies, Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique and the Hospitaller colonization of the Americas.

text: The French and Danish colonizers finished the job the Spanish had begun. They tried to convert the Caribs and Arawaks to Catholicism and Lutheranism, which largely failed. They also enslaved the native populations to work on plantations. With tobacco having already been cultivated on the islands, it made a good cash crop. Later on, coffee, sugar, and cotton also were grown.

text: The Danish West Indies period[edit]

text: Diseases, coupled with murder and slavery, took a large toll on both the Arawaks and the Caribs. Several groups of Arawaks committed mass suicide rather than submit to foreign rule.[citation needed] By the late 17th century, the Arawaks had been completely exterminated and few Caribs remained.[citation needed]

text: With only a small population on the islands, there was a great demand for labor. The trans-Atlantic slave trade to the islands began in 1673. The difficult conditions and inhumane treatment slaves were subjected to bred discontent. Moravian Brethren missionaries from Herrnhut Saxony, arrived in St. Thomas in December 1732. Distrusted by the slave holders, they lived with the slaves and won their confidence.

text: In 1733 a long drought followed by a devastating hurricane pushed slaves in St. John to the breaking point. Members of the Akwamu tribe from modern Ghana staged a massive rebellion, seizing control of the island for six months. The Danes, who controlled the island at that point, enlisted the help of French authorities from Martinique to regain control (see St. John Slave Revolt).

text: A non-violent slave revolt in 1848 proved more successful. The governor at the time, Peter von Scholten, faced with thousands of enslaved Africans with burning torches threatening to burn down the town of Frederiksted, freed the slaves, even though the Danish Crown had so far intended that the last slaves would be emancipated in 1859. Von Scholten would later be summoned before a commission of enquiry for his action and deprived of his pension but he was eventually exonerated by the Supreme Court.[citation needed]

text: American rule[edit]

text: The United States' first secretary in London, Henry White attempted to purchase the islands from Denmark in 1899 to resist European incursions into the Americas. The sale was unsuccessful and White attributed the failure to the influence of Kaiser Wilhelm II of the ascendent German Empire.[3] During World War I, the fear of rising German influence in the Caribbean region prompted the President Woodrow Wilson to assert the Roosevelt Corollary in Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

text: In 1917 a treaty was concluded in which the United States purchased the islands for $25,000,000 (about $390,000,000 in 2010 dollars)[citation needed]. After the United States bought what is now known as the United States Virgin Islands from the Danish, the islands became an unincorporated U.S. territory. Most residents were granted U.S. citizenship in 1936, and an act of 1932 provided that all natives of the Virgin Islands who on the date of the act were residing in the continental United States or any of its insular possessions or territories were U.S. citizens. The islands remained under the direct control of the U.S. government until 1968, when residents were first allowed to elect their own Governor (previously, governors had been appointed first by the navy, then by the interior department). In 1972, residents elected their first non-voting delegate to congress.

text: 1917–1931: U.S. Navy control[edit]

text: Under Rear Admiral Kitten, a yeoman named Percival Wilson Sparks (married to St. Thomas native, Grace Itah Maria Joseph Sparks) was ordered to design a new flag for the territory, since Kitten knew of Sparks' interest in graphic design. Sparks designed the flag and had his wife and her sister, Blanche Joseph Sasso, sew the first flag for the U.S.V.I. as the professionally made flags had to be manufactured in the states and would take weeks to arrive by ship. The sisters from St. Thomas were then known as the Betsy Rosses of the Virgin Islands.

text: 1930s and 1940s[edit]

text: The 1930s represented a watershed as the economy reversed itself because of two external stimuli: The repeal of prohibition in the U.S., which greatly increased the demand for plantation workers, and the wartime decision to construct a submarine base on the Islands of St. Thomas. Because of habitual out-migration to the U.S. and the historical absence of a peasant agricultural tradition, the indigenous labor supply was inadequate. This vacuum created the demand for West Indian Labor from the Eastern Caribbean for the first of several immigrant waves.[4]

text: The Organic Act of the Virgin Islands of the United States of 1936 (Pub.L. 74–749, 49 Stat. 1807, enacted June 22, 1936) established a government for the U.S. Virgin Islands, replacing previous temporary provisions (Pub.L. 64–389, 39 Stat. 1132, enacted March 3, 1917).

text: Since the 1950s[edit]

text: The Virgin Islands Government set a new policy of export diversification via tourism and light industry. People continued to immigrate in substantial numbers — some legally and others illegally. They benefited from a series of loose interpretations and favorable revisions of immigration law which reduced occupational restrictions and generally lax enforcement.[4]

text: In 1954, the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands repealed and replaced the previous Organic Act of the Virgin Islands.


document_title: List of Aquarius (U.S. TV series) episodes

question_text: how many episodes in season 2 of aquarius

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
13
May 28, 2015 (2015-05-28)
August 22, 2015 (2015-08-22)

2
13
June 16, 2016 (2016-06-16)
September 10, 2016 (2016-09-10)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Everybody's Been Burned"
Jonas Pate
John McNamara
May 28, 2015 (2015-05-28)
5.67[3]

Sixteen-year-old Emma Karn sneaks out of her Beverly Hills house to attend a party with her pseudo-boyfriend Rick Zondervan. There, they are separated by a group of girls, as instructed by another party-goer, Charles Manson, who tells Emma alone that she can survive in the world without her boyfriend or father. The next day, Emma's mother Grace calls her former boyfriend LAPD Hollywood division detective Sam Hodiak: Emma used to sneak out with Rick, who claims she then left with someone else. At Manson's commune, he plays music for his followers, and Katie tells Emma that he wants to become more famous than The Beatles. At a diner on the Sunset Strip, undercover Detective Brian Shafe meets Mike Vickery. A drug deal is made, and Brian tells Mike that he is after the diner owner, Art Gladner. Outside the police are getting rough with a hippie group out past the 10 p.m. curfew. Brian intervenes and gets arrested. Back at the station, Sam recruits Brian to help find Emma. Rick gives them the first name of the guy Emma left with, Charlie. Brian enlists Detective Charmain Tully, who could pass as a young female hippie, to help him infiltrate the Manson Family, but they first need biker Roy Kovic to lead them to Charlie. Manson's history is revealed: he had been working as pimp and one of his prostitutes (Caroline Beecher) disappeared; he then was in jail for drug possession on a reduced sentence and Emma's father Ken was Charlie's lawyer. Charlie demands Ken introduce him to an executive in the music business, attempts to rape him, and cuts him with a razor.

2
2
"The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game"
Jonas Pate
John McNamara
May 28, 2015 (2015-05-28)
5.67[3]

Sam questions Ken about his connection to Charlie, and Grace points him to Manson's file. Ken admits to having been Charlie's lawyer and that Emma is with Manson. Brian learns that Rick is telling everyone he is a cop; he asks for Sam's help to shut him up. Before they can, they receive a call about a white woman, Joyce Nankin, being killed at her home in a now-black neighborhood in South Central. Their investigation focuses on Bunchy Carter, leader of the Black Panthers, who accuses the police not having solved any of the 27 black murders in the neighborhood. Bunchy is arrested for interference, but it was really to dupe Joyce's husband into confessing to her murder. Sam and Brian get Rick to confess he told Art that Brian was a cop. They offer Art a deal for reporting his partners but he refuses, and Sam writes the word "snitch" on Art's forehead. To test Emma's loyalty, Charlie asks her to shoplift. When she gets caught, Charlie murders the owner. Sam's soldier son Walt shows up at his house, claiming a "new policy" as to why he is not fighting in the Vietnam War, while in reality Walt's mother Opal had arranged a letter about a sick parent. Charlie demands a thousand dollars (and another thousand upon Emma's release) from Ken for a music demo tape. When Ken visits Charlie to hand over the money, Charlie kisses Ken, asking him if he remembers what it was like to be free. Emma nearly interrupts them, and Ken is terrified of being caught.

3
3
"Never Say Never to Always"
Nelson McCormick
Alexandra Cunningham
June 4, 2015 (2015-06-04)
3.90[4]

Later that night, Sam enters his ex-wife Opal's house to find out about Walt and is caught by Sam's former partner Ed who is now Opal's lover (thereby cheating on his wife Jean). Opal reveals Sam's past domestic abuse. Meanwhile at Manson's commune, Ken had sex with Charlie, picking up their previous relationship. Ken is confused and afraid and is seen leaving in his car by a shocked Emma. The next day, Art is found stabbed inside his locked diner and Ed arrests Mike as suspect. Roy finally leads Brian and Charmain to the Manson Family commune 'Spiral Staircase' near Topanga where both are introduced to Charlie. Brian informs Sam about Emma's location, but when Sam and Grace get there, Charlie and a group of girls including Emma (who he calls 'Cherry') had left to record his demo. Military police are looking for Walt. Later that night, Charlie, whom Roy had warned earlier about Sam's search of the commune, takes Emma and Sadie to the recording engineer Rue Fisher's house to barter him with "sharing" the girls; then Charlie calls to intimidate the Karns with a recording featuring Emma.

4
4
"Home Is Where You're Happy"
Michael Zinberg
Sera Gamble
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)
3.74[5]

The same night, Grace reports Manson's phone call to Sam, who returns to the commune, but Charlie had left Emma and Sadie at Rue's house. In the morning, Sam follows Manson and observes him picking up the girls, but misses seeing that Charlie murders Rue. Sam is looking for Walt who is hiding at a friend's place. To help Brian get Mike released, Sam investigates Art's murder through his widow Lucille Gladner who runs the burlesque club, the Peach Pussycat. Eventually, Sam finds and arrests Art's true murderer, a crooked deliveryman who had overheard the snitch discussion between Art and Sam (Ep. 2). Pressured by Ed to deliver results, Brian makes Mike visit Guapo, his alibi for the time of Art's murder and an important member of the drug ring. Mike is supposed to get information about Guapo's associates but Guapo already knows that the real murderer has been arrested. Brian's home in a white neighborhood in the Valley, where he lives with his wife Kristin in a mixed-race marriage, becomes the target of racist vandalism. Ken gets drunk and has anonymous gay sex at a public restroom. He later comes to the commune upset, intending to kill Manson with a rifle, but Charlie talks him out of it and sends Ken away. Ken then tells Grace he saw Emma at the commune. Manson uses LSD to brainwash his girls. Grace and Sam pick up an intoxicated Emma to take her home.

5
5
"A Change Is Gonna Come"
Michael Zinberg
Rafael Yglesias
June 18, 2015 (2015-06-18)
3.33[6]

Sam and Grace resume their sexual relationship. Ed is promoted to acting Lieutenant. Sam investigates an arson-murder case at a hair salon in South Central, but is impeded by a group of Black Panther members led by Bunchy, who demand the investigation of an arrest-related strangling of a black teenager by a racist white cop. Manson unsuccessfully tries to threaten Ken's partner Hal Banyin to get access to Emma. At a fundraiser for Richard Nixon with Ronald Reagan, Sam and Grace are caught kissing by Hal and Ken. Pretending to be a classmate, Susan Atkins comes to visit Emma at the Karns' house, and they both disappear, despite Emma being guarded by a retired cop that Sam had hired. At the Peach Pussycat, Brian meets mobster Jimmy "Too" Butano Jr., whose father was Manson's cellmate. Sam solves the arson-murder case, which turns out to be not racially motivated. Brian's friend Robbie Arthur found out Walt has joined the anti-war movement. At night, Walt appears at Sam's house, explaining he witnessed the war being fought in Cambodia with illegal means, and saying he is going to hand over proof to the press. Finding out that Atkins helped Emma run away, a drunk Sam beats up Charlie severely. Manson is only saved by Brian, who had brought Jimmy to the commune to conduct business with Charlie, and Brian further gains Manson's trust.

6
6
"A Whiter Shade of Pale"
Michael Offer
David Reed
June 25, 2015 (2015-06-25)
3.15[7]

The next morning, Grace demands Ken explain his previous business as Manson's lawyer, and accuses him of having dragged Emma into it. Ken explains that Manson has incriminating information about him, Hal, and the RNC. She learns from Sam that in 1959, Ken represented Manson in the case of the missing prostitute Caroline Beecher; the case was dropped, but remains unsolved. Grace asks her mother if they can withdraw their investment from Ken's law firm. After another attack on Brian and Kristin's house, Sam promises to investigate while Brian is working undercover. He traces the vandalism back to their landlord, who has a scheme to lower the real estate value of white neighborhoods by introducing mixed-race tenants, then buying out the white neighbors cheap and reselling the houses to new non-white owners with a huge markup. Charmain investigates the case of a battered cheerleader, the girlfriend of a well-known and abusive USC football player. Robbie tells Sam that Walt has gone hiding from the MPs. Sam returns to drinking heavily, and sleeps with Opal. As Charlie slowly recovers from his beating, Jimmy and Brian pay a visit. Jimmy presents a pistol as a surprise gift, which causes a fight with Roy. After the misunderstanding is cleared, Charlie accepts the gun, then thanks Brian and Jimmy by giving them two girls to have sex with. Brian and Janet agree to just pretend.

7
7
"Cease to Resist"
Michael Waxman
Sera Gamble
July 2, 2015 (2015-07-02)
2.44[8]

Intending to go after Sam, Manson arrives at Opal's house with his new gun. He is caught by Ed, introduces himself as 'Jesus Christ', and escapes after a fight. Ed finds Sam's watch on the bedroom floor where he had lost it the previous night. The next morning, Sam is called to the robbery-murder of actor Raymond Novo whose body appears to have been crucified that night on the Paramount Pictures lot. It is discovered that Novo regularly brought men there to date, which was covered up by the studio. Reluctantly, Brian gathers information undercover at a gay bar, but eventually the investigation is closed down due to pressure from the studio to keep Novo's homosexuality secret. Sadie and Emma drive to San Francisco to see 'Mother' Mary, who had taken care of Manson and his first followers during the Summer of Love after he was released from prison. They find that Mary is pregnant, and tell her Charlie's orders to come to Los Angeles and bring her stock bonds. Manson is discussing an expensive weapons deal with Roy. Mary arrives and reveals she had cut ties with Charlie after being beaten by him (as seen in the prequel).

8
8
"Sick City"
Jon Amiel
Alexandra Cunningham & Mike Sheehan
July 9, 2015 (2015-07-09)
2.47[9]

Sam investigates about a pastor stealing donation money to gamble at poker games. Ken gets nominated as California campaign finance chair for Richard Nixon, which will cause the RNC to run background checks on Ken, his family, and the law firm. Hal has found out about Sam's investigation on the Caroline Beecher case. Ken visits Emma at the commune and suggests to legally emancipate her so her behavior cannot be brought back to him as her father. Record producer Elliot Hillman visits the commune, but Charlie fails to make a good impression. Angry, he orders the girls to take a double dose of LSD, but Emma secretly disobeys and leaves. At the Peach Pussycat, Mike has caught Lucille's eye and they engage in a sadomasochistic sexual relationship. Jimmy and Roy negotiate a deal with the 'Satans' biker club. With Lucille's help, Roy kills Jimmy. Sam tries to find Louise Mitchell, the prostitute who had reported Caroline missing in 1959. He meets his old friend 'Nurse' Martha Kendall, a prostitute herself, who knew Louise (under a different name), until she had suddenly left town. Ken digs out Caroline's remains in the desert.

9
9
"Why?"
Jonas Pate
John McNamara & Mike Sheehan
July 18, 2015 (2015-07-18)
1.18[10]

Sam, Ed, and Brian decide against arresting Lucille and Roy for Jimmy's murder in favor of Brian and Mike's covert investigations against Guapo. Brian tries to stay in business with Lucille and Roy, but they are sceptical and tell him he needs Guapo's approval. Ken reports to Charlie that all evidence has been taken care of. They sleep together and Ken asks Charlie to stay hidden because of the campaign. Emma is still gone. At a Big Boy coffee shop in Watts, two policemen are shot, witnessed by a shocked Charmain. Sam convinces Bunchy to cooperate in the investigations to prevent SWAT teams from moving into the black neighborhood. Later, two more policemen fall victim to the same white assassin. Sam and Brian locate Glenn Lesick, the owner of the car that was used by the assassin. Because there is not enough other evidence against Lesick, Sam asks Charmain to give false testimony to have him arrested.

10
10
"It's Alright Ma. (I'm Only Bleeding.)"
John Dahl
Rafael Yglesias
July 25, 2015 (2015-07-25)
1.16[11]

Sam is tripping on LSD, almost interrupting a party for Ronald Reagan at Grace's house. Emma returns to the commune with Rick. When Charlie finds out Rick's father is rich, they steal his credit card. Charlie demands that Emma pledge her loyalty, and Emma asks him about her father's secret. Brian and Mike come to the commune to discuss a drug delivery with Roy and Guapo. To prevent Rick from blowing Brian's cover again, he is sworn in as undercover deputy. Ed has been pressuring Brian to deliver results on the drug ring but Brian aborts the bust of the deal in the last minute. It turns out that the deal was just a setup to test Brian who has now earned Guapo and his cousin Juan's trust. To appease protesters against the police because of an unsolved series of bus robberies on Chicano women in Echo Park, Los Angeles Times journalist Ruben Salazar wants to improve public opinion with an article on Cuban detective José Morán/Joe Moran. However, Moran objects as he had made everyone believe he was Irish. When his secret is revealed, Moran is kicked out by his white Catholic wife and mocked by his colleagues, causing an identity crisis. Sam talks him out of committing suicide. Manson takes Emma along on a burglary. On observation photos of antiwar activists around Robbie Arthur, Sam recognizes his father whom he has arrested and brought in to the station to question.

11
11
"Your Mother Should Know"
Roxann Dawson
David Reed
August 1, 2015 (2015-08-01)
1.18[12]

At Sam's house, his father, his son Walt, and Opal are discussing how to proceed to avoid a trial for treason. Sam suggests to return the classified orders, or to hand them to the press. He later asks Salazar who refuses to publish the intel anonymously. The FBI orders a closer surveillance of the Black Panthers. Bunchy asks Sam to investigate the murder of his brother and bodyguard Arthur. Sam finds an FBI informant had shot Arthur because he was discovered. Guapo is preparing a big delivery of heroin. Juan steals some of it to buy out his girlfriend from her pimp. To protect Juan, Brian pretends having killed the thief and returns the missing drugs. As Manson plans on having his son born at the commune, Emma, Sadie and Rick break into a house in Beverly Hills to steal baby supplies. After an argument with Emma, Sadie calls the police and leaves; Rick and Emma are arrested for burglary. Sam refuses to bail Emma out of custody to teach her a lesson. Brian learns that Chris Wagner whom he had met in the gay bar (Ep. 7) was murdered. Charmain has located Louise Mitchell in Riverside. Sam urges Charmain to work on her false testimony instead. Manson's estranged mother Kathleen arrives at the commune to discuss an inheritance from Charlie's grandfather. A bitter Manson refuses to reconcile with her, drugs her with LSD and has her raped by the bikers, in return for a cheaper price on the weapons deal.

12
12
"(Please Let Me Love You and) It Won't Be Wrong"
Lukas Ettlin
Alexandra Cunningham & Sera Gamble
August 8, 2015 (2015-08-08)
1.25[13]

Hillman returns to the commune to produce a documentary. They learn that Charlie's followers see him as Jesus Christ. Charlie is suspicious about Sadie not having brought back Emma, and after she admits being jealous, he beats her but is caught on film, so Charlie throws the film crew out. In return for reduced charges on her marijuana possession, burlesque dancer Rachel offers her testimony against Roy whom she saw loading Jimmy's body into a hearse. Brian concludes that the formaldehyde smell of Guapo's bag comes from a funeral home. Rachel hides at Sam's house and eventually returns to Lucille, with Sam pretending to be her boyfriend as alibi for the days she had missed work. Sam urges Charmain again to work on her false testimony. Brian is looking for a connection between the murders of Raymond Novo and Chris Wagner. They question judge Murray whose wife was murdered by a man Murray had picked up and brought home. Sam seeks legal help for his AWOL son from Ken, in return for dropping the investigation on Louise Mitchell. Conflicted about the deal, Sam gets drunk, leading to tensions with Brian. A sobbing Hal arrives at Ken's house wearing a blood-stained shirt and saying, "It happened again."

13
13
"Old Ego Is a Too Much Thing"
Jonas Pate
Story by : John McNamara
Teleplay by : Rafael Yglesias & David Reed
August 22, 2015 (2015-08-22)
1.13[14]

Hal explains to Ken that Manson has been providing him with girls for sadistic abuse, usually Sadie, but she was unavailable. Janet, the substitute, died from Hal's abuse. Ken and Hal go back to the apartment where Hal killed Janet and left her body, only to discover Charlie there. Charlie has already removed Janet's body and will keep as leverage against Hal. Flashbacks show how Charlie had called for Ken to dispose of Caroline's body in 1959 after Hal had killed her. When she turns out not to be dead yet, Ken has to kill her. Grace and Sam finally have Emma released and she returns to the commune. Mary goes into labor but the child is stillborn. Sadie steals an infant from a hospital, introducing him to the commune as Charlie's son. Sam negotiates a deal for Walt with the DOD, but Walt chooses to go public through Salazar and gets arrested by MP. Brian locates the suspect in the homosexual robbery-murder series; the arrest starts a fight during which Sam kills the two brothers. To the commissioner, Sam says the shooting death of one brother was necessary to save himself and Brian, but admits that the death of the second brother was unnecessary. The commissioner wants to close the file and avoid a trial to protect the reputation of Novo and Murray, so instead of disciplining Sam, he decides to give him a medal of valor. However, during the medal ceremony, an internal affairs agent whispers to Sam that there was a witness. Ken drugs Hal, intending to fake his suicide, but Hal wakes up, they struggle over the gun and shots are fired. Charmain finds the funeral home used by the drug ring but is recognized there by Roy and goes missing.

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text: Season 2 debuted on June 16, 2016, with a two-hour, commercial-free event that constituted the first three episodes.[15]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

14
1
"Helter Skelter"
Jonas Pate
John McNamara
June 16, 2016 (2016-06-16)
2.99[16]

On August 9, 1969 at 4:22 am in a residence, Emma and Charlie are shown in a crime scene to the shock of Emma, but Charlie calms her down and both leave. Sixteen months earlier, Sam Hodiak finds himself drawn into a new case when he begins receiving mysterious packages with photos of missing girls. Hal escapes from Ken's car and attempts to run by rolling down the cliff onto a road, which leads to him passing out; as Ken tries to shoot him, a couple who notices Hal on the road arrives. Charmain is questioned over her motives by Roy at a bar. Charlie is visited by Ralph Church, a former cellmate who forces Charlie to let him and his group a stay at the commune. Grace informs Ken that Hal is in the hospital and dying, much to Ken's joy, but when Ken gets to the hospital, he is informed by Grace that Hal will end up living. Charmain's risky undercover operation leads to her finding valuable information for a drug case, but exposes her to great danger; Sam arrives and finds her living with Roy after she gathered information from a biker in Roy's gang; Sam and Brian Shafe find Guapo's dead body in a boiler room. On August 9, 1969, at 4:24 am in a residence, Charlie comments to Emma that he believes a race war is coming, which he calls 'Helter Skelter'.

15
2
"Happiness is a Warm Gun"
Jonas Pate
John McNamara
June 16, 2016 (2016-06-16)
2.70[16]

On August 9, 1969 at 12:22 a.m., a man is shown having a conversation with a woman named Sharon over her husband's arrival from traveling as Sadie is seen to approach them. Sixteen months earlier, Ralph returns to the commune with a group of men and are confronted by the family and other followers but bribes his stay at the commune when Charlie sees him holding his infant son. Sam and the rest of the precinct question possible suspects over the murders of Guapo and a group of other men. Hal awakes from his coma. Sam and Grace continue their relationship then Ken is questioned by Grace's father over what happened to Hal and his desire to keep partnership afloat due to running for senator. Meanwhile behind a grocery store, Charlie and the family come up with plan to get rid of Ralph and meet a woman named Patty. Ken pays Hal a visit at the hospital and attempts to persuade him to lie over what happened. Charmain continues her undercover work around Roy. Sam pays a visit to Lucille Gladner in relation to Guapo's murder, she then asks for protection and reveals potential information leading to another suspect in Roy's drug supplier, a man named Wells. Patty convinces Emma to go with her to see Beach Boys member Dennis Wilson, to arrange a meeting for Charlie with him. Sam and Opal pay a visit to Walt, with Sam trying to get leverage for his son. Charlie and the family reveal they've poisoned Ralph and his group in a meal. On August 9, 1969 at 12:23 a.m., Sadie is shown taunting the tied-up man and woman in a bedroom, and calls Patty to bring more rope.

16
3
"Why Don't We Do it in the Road"
Timothy Busfield
Alexandra Cunningham
June 16, 2016 (2016-06-16)
2.41[16]

On August 9, 1969 at 12:22 a.m., a young man is shown departing from a residence; while at its gate, he is greeted by Tex Watson and Sadie as Tex shoots the young man several times and both walk away. Sixteen months earlier, on his way to meet Dennis, Charlie meets an ex-football player named Charles Watson, to whom Charlie takes a likening and nicknames him 'Tex' due to his accent. Sam continues to receive mysterious packages with photos of missing girls over murder cases. Charlie finally meets Dennis as both then bond over their common interest in music. Sam and Grace tread on familiar territory in regards to their relationship. Brian takes a shot at a killer case and gets rewarded in reluctance for his sharp work. On August 9, 1969 at 12:21 a.m. at the residence, a man is shown waking up on a sofa and being greeted by Tex, and the man is kicked in the face as both engage in a struggle.

17
4
"Revolution 1"
Timothy Busfield
Rafael Yglesias
June 23, 2016 (2016-06-23)
1.73[17]

On August 10, 1969 at 12:12 a.m., Brian is shown in the living room at a crime scene and is then shown injecting himself with a drug substance. Sixteen months earlier, on the day of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s assassination, Brian informs Charmain of Lucille Gladner's murder and immediately starts to question Roy, but Charmain doubts it was him; Charlie and the family continue their stay at Dennis's house; Sam must investigate a murder in a black neighborhood while trying to prevent an imminent riot; while he also finds out that Walt is in solitary confinement and is being charged in his case. In the midst of the crisis in the black community, Kristin's involvement with the Black Panthers drives a wedge between her and Brian. Charmain and Brian investigate Roy's drug dealer, Watts; saying he doesn't trust a drug mule who won't sample the product, Watts convinces Brian to inject himself with a drug substance; later, Charmain brings the drug case to a close and discovers the full cost of undercover work, after a struggle ends with Roy being shot; a memorial parade is held for King, with Manson and Dennis shown to be in the parade. On August 10, 1969 at 12:17 a.m., Brian calls Sam from a residence and informs him that he is in trouble.

18
5
"Everybody's Got Something to Hide Except Me and my Monkey"
James L. Conway
David Reed
June 30, 2016 (2016-06-30)
1.88[18]

On August 9, 1969 at 12:27 a.m., a young man hears a scream of a woman outside of a residence as she is being murdered by Tex; in fear, the young man decides to turn up the music in the guest house; Tex then orders Emma to check the guest house and kill anybody who is inside. Sixteen months earlier, Dennis raves about Emma's singing talent, which ignites jealousy in Charlie. Dennis takes Emma and Charlie to meet a record producer who lives at the residence. Meanwhile, Brian recovers from the previous night's drug use and makes up with wife Kristin, while at work he receives a promotion; Charmain takes up a social issue affair case involving a radical group on a college campus; Sam visits his son Walt in prison and deals with internal affairs at the precinct, but tragedy interrupts the investigation as Sam finds out that Opal committed suicide. On August 9, 1969, in the same time frame, Emma is shown to walk in at the guest house finding the young man.

19
6
"Revolution 9"
Jonas Pate
Rafael Yglesias
July 7, 2016 (2016-07-07)
1.74[19]

On August 9, 1969 at 8:06 a.m., a black maid (Inger Tudor) is shown arriving at a residence however she sees the word 'Pig' in blood mysteriously written on a door at the residence. Sixteen months earlier, the maid is shown to be a server at Terry Melcher's party where Charlie (who makes a racial comment to the maid but the maid just walks away), the girls (Emma, Sadie, Patty), and Dennis continue their stay at the party, however Charlie starts to get impatient due to lack of interaction with Melcher and another record producer in attendance. Sam and Brian continue with their missing girls' murder case, in which more evidence is unraveled. Ken amasses information in relation to Bobby Kennedy (Scott Bailey) and Grace finds a new interest in politics. At Melcher's party, Melcher is shown in sexual intercourse with one of the Manson girls when Charlie interrupts and tries to assure Melcher will agree to a recording deal. Sam helps an old war buddy find his blackmailer, but the buddy ropes Sam into a deal to be a guard for Kennedy, who is running for the democratic presidential nomination against Eugene McCarthy; Sam guards Kennedy at a campaign stop but Kennedy is fatally shot by a man (Toofun West). When Brian gets mysteriously "sick", Kristin discovers a needle syringe in a couch at their house, revealing Brian's developing drug addiction. Charlie's persistent behavior leads to him singing a song; Dennis loves the song and recommends Charlie sing it at another party of Melchers', however when arriving, all three are greeted by the other record producer who informs Dennis that Melcher is not there, his presence is "everywhere"; the producer then makes a remark in reference to the campaign about Charlie about not hanging with "losers". On August 9, 1969 at 8:07 a.m., the black maid runs out of the residence in horror over what was discovered.

20
7
"Piggies"
Jon Amiel
Sera Gamble & Mike Moore
July 14, 2016 (2016-07-14)
1.79[20]

On August 9, 1969 at 12:38 a.m., Sadie is seen at a residence marking a disturbing symbol at the main door of the residence; the following day at 12:17 a.m., Sam is seen to receive a call then leaving. Twelve months earlier, Sam and Brian continue to solve the missing girls' murder case. Charmain continues her social issue affair case involving a radical group at the local college campus. Charlie and the family continue their stay at Dennis' house, however when Dennis gets a medical bill, Sadie finds out that she is pregnant; Sadie and Tex are shown in a isolated location when attempting a drug deal and Tex ponders if the child is his; the drug dealer is revealed to be a surprisingly alive Ralph Church, who recognizes and attacks Sadie causing she and Tex to flee; the potential threat of Ralph leads to Charlie persuading Emma to get Sam to help them. The Karns continue their part in politics. A shootout between the Black Panthers and LAPD reverberates in Brian and Kristin's marriage; Kristin confronts Brian about the drug paraphernalia she found. Sam puts a story in the newspaper to attempt to get the missing girls' murderer to react, and later receives a call from the killer; Sam thinks he recognizes the voice. On August 9, 1969 at 12:44 a.m., the Manson family are shown leaving a residence with blood splatter on all involved, leaving a trail of bodies behind.

21
8
"While My Guitar Gently Weeps"
Nelson McCormick
Alexandra Cunningham
August 27, 2016 (2016-08-27)
2.10[21]

On August 10, 1969 at 12:17 a.m., Brian recounts a crime scene. 12 months earlier, Brian awakens yet again 'sick' while Sam continues his missing girls murder case and is then confronted by Charlie who is looking for a missing Emma; Sam is then found unexpectedly by Charlie at his home who both inadvertly bond including Charlie who recounts his relationships and children. Ken Karn goes to new levels for his political international diplomacy. Brian officially confesses his drug addiction to his wife, Kristen. Sam calls Ken Karn asking for Emma's whereabouts much to no help then at the precinct, Sam receives a call from Dennis over Charlie. On August 10, 1969 at 12:18 a.m., Brian is haunted by his demons through surrounding crime scene.

22
9
"Sexy Sadie"
David Boyd
John McNamara
August 27, 2016 (2016-08-27)
1.60[21]

On August 9, 1969 at 12:42 a.m, Sadie is seen taking a few infant items inside a residence. 12 months earlier, Charlie finds out from studio producers over the changes of his song used by Dennis; he then avoided by Dennis but it is shown that Dennis no longer lives in his house. Sam advises Brian to check into a drug rehab. Sam informs Grace that he has found Emma at a psychiatric institution, however she expresses her own faults as a parent. Kristen informs Sam that Bunchy Carter was arrested for assault. Grace's father informs Ken that he is cut from his political campaign; a angered Ken confronts Hal at his house who reveals to him that he gossiped his secrets to various sources, he also finds the Manson family there also. At the precinct, Charmain opens a mysterious letter in a shower. Emma is released from the institution. Bunchy Carter is released then hosts a Black Panthers meeting only for a shootout to commence by a pair of assailants as Bunchy is shot and Kristen is shown to run. Sometime in 1969, Charlie arrives at Terry Melcher's house only to be informed by a photographer and one of the new residents that he no longer lives there. Charlie develops anger that alludes to what would be murders of a group of people.

23
10
"Blackbird"
Michael Zinberg
Rafael Yglesias
September 3, 2016 (2016-09-03)
1.22[22]

On August 8, 1969 at 10:12 p.m., Charlie convinces Tex to take the family over enacting a plan which it is shown that the family is at a residence tying up a helpless man and woman. Seven months earlier, Emma is back at home with the Karns however she misses Charlie. Sam and Brian are called to what was a Black Panthers meeting to investigate Bunchy Carter's murder; Sam later on ponders who murdered Bunchy to even questioning Charmain who is still going undercover in a radical rights group; Sam finds the mysterious assailants with the help of Kristen. A frantic Charlie continues to look for Dennis even forcing himself in at his house but does not find him, however he leaves a subliminal message with the house keeper; Charlie along with Tex continues his search including at a bar who bumps himself into Ralph but both end up arrested. Brian continues his drug rehab sessions. Sadie and Patty meet a man named Bobby at Hal's house who is physical distress; Patty and Bobby then buy a drug from a man named Gary Hinman; Hal mentions to the family about a movie ranch named Spahn Ranch. Roy is revealed to be alive. Ken discloses to Emma over where he might find Charlie while Charlie and Ralph are released from jail, however outside the jail, the family murders Ralph. Sam's suspects over Bunchy's murder are somehow released by the F.B.I, Charlie and the family move into Spahn Ranch who are then found by Emma and Ken as all rejoice, recent events officially separate Brian and Kristen. On August 8, 1969 at 10:13 p.m., Ken is shown begging Charlie and the rest of the family to not take Emma on enacting a plan then the family along with Emma are shown entering a residence.

24
11
"Can You Take Me Back?"
Timothy A. Good
David Reed
September 3, 2016 (2016-09-03)
1.18[22]

On August 9, 1969 at 12:26 a.m., a horrified Emma is shown outside a residence looking upon the Manson family who are torturing a tied up helpless man and woman as Tex is shown to shooting the man in his head. Three months earlier, the Manson family are officially settled in at Spahn Ranch; Mary Brunner returns and arrives at the ranch informing Charlie that the police have taken their son after attempting to gather supplies; Emma accompanies Mary to Gary's to change her appearance as a way to look presentable as a mother, however she tells Emma that she will be moving back to her parent's house, Brian convinces Kristen to return home, however he relapses by consuming drug substances with a friend; a scare leads to Brian bumping himself into a vengeful Roy at his house who tries to get revenge on Charmain for events transpired leading to her stabbing Roy in defense, and Sam gets into trouble again with the Internal Affairs department, which changes his position in the precinct including being suspended. Things are looking up for Charlie and the family when Terry Melcher returns to record Charlie's music; Mary re-gains her son back and decides to stay with the family, Emma reveals to Ken that she is pregnant, then Terry changes his mind and starts to insult Charlie over his experience as a musician and that he and Dennis would no longer associate with him anymore. The Karns officially separate; Sam officially quits the force; a guilt ridden Brian is shown sitting alone in a chair of his living room at his house and repo men are shown taking away items. On August 9, 1969 at 12:32 a.m., a shocked Emma is shown at a residence spectating the Manson family's actions to what they left in surrounding, then she sees the rest of the family members gathering around a helpless woman laying on the living room floor begging for her life until screams of her being stabbed are heard by Emma who weeps.

25
12
"Mother Nature's Son"
David Duchovny
Sera Gamble
September 10, 2016 (2016-09-10)
1.32[23]

On August 9, 1969, at 12:32 a.m., Sam is seen confronting and assaulting a man (implied to be the serial killer from his missing girls case) at his house and holds him at gunpoint. 14 days earlier, Charlie convinces Sadie, Bobby, and Mary to get money from Gary who he believes that will help them on the run; The three hold him hostage until Charlie shows up with a sword who slashes an ear. After that, Mary tries to free Gary before she is caught and forced to play a tune on his piano, then Bobby stabs Gary, ostensibly on Charlie's instruction. Before departing, Bobby uses Gary's blood to write "Political piggy" on the wall and draws a panther paw, a Black Panther symbol; the next day Bobby is arrested after being found in Gary's car. Sam starts a relationship with Billie, the drug therapist then visits Walt who informs him that he is released and convinces him to stay with him. Brian continues his relapse including shooting a perpetrator on accident then is punished by Ed who makes him do desk work. Sam gets another call from the serial killer of his missing girls case. Charmain convinces the female member of the radical rights group to help her on the case. Ken continues to go to extreme lengths to continue his career in politics. Sam is shown being taunted by a man who is implied to be the serial killer of his missing girls case, he is persuaded by Brian to not shoot him.

26
13
"I Will"
Jonas Pate
John McNamara & Mike Moore
September 10, 2016 (2016-09-10)
1.22[23]

On August 7, 1969 at 3:42 a.m., Sam concludes his missing girls case who he finds out the identity of the killer to be a man named Gerald Dunn, a former convict. Ken returns to Spahn Ranch and convinces Charlie that he will now on take care of him, he then spooked when he finds Emma and some of the Manson girls cleaning weapons as he is explained by Charlie that it is part of 'Helter Skelter'. The next day at 9:18 a.m., Sam convinces Brian to arrest Dunn, as he finds out that he is the perpetrator of the missing girls case, but he is released due to lack of substantial evidence. At the ranch, Ken overhears Charlie on informing the rest of the family on enacting a plan, and begs him on not taking Emma with them. At 12:15 a.m., Tex and the rest of the family are seen outside a residence and he proclaims that they will leave a mark after tonight. The family eventually enters the residence and brutally murders and mutilates a group of people that includes three men and two women (one who was pregnant); Emma was also told to murder the caretaker, a young man who lived in the guest house but she spares him when she tells him to avoid having himself found. Sam finds Billie dead at her house. Back at the ranch, Charlie talks with Ken over his theory of a race war. Ken is choked and killed by Charlie. The family returns to the ranch only to be scolded by Charlie when he feels the actions caused was not enough, before he and Emma return to the residence; around 4:22–4:24 a.m., Charlie comments to Emma about 'Helter Skelter' before departing at 5:19 a.m. Sam finally arrests and confronts the serial killer at his house, he finds his next victim who is locked in the trunk of his car; Sam discovers Billie is alive and the woman found earlier was her sister. At the precinct, Sam says his goodbyes but the precinct receives alarming call before Ed persuades Sam to return immediately. 16 hours later, the murder scene at a residence is identified to be at 10050 Cielo Drive including the finding of the housemaid, Winifred Chapman of those of the casualties involved. At 12:12 a.m., Brian investigates the crime scene and injects himself with a drug substance until calling Sam and informs him that he is in trouble. Sam immediately leaves the precinct.

text: Webisodes[edit]

text: The Summer of Love is a series of four short webisodes.[24][25] They are set in San Francisco in 1967 during the Summer of Love, before the events of season 1, where Charlie gathers his first followers Mary, Katie, and Sadie.

text:
No.
Title

1
"Meet Charlie"

Manson Girls Mary Brunner and Katie recall how both initially met Charlie at the local college.

2
"Sweet Sadie"

Manson Girl Sadie recalls meeting Charlie due to being enchanted with his singing voice. Then both bond in Mary's apartment, where Sadie is introduced to Mary when arriving back. Later on in the night, all three sleep with each other, leading to Mary developing trust issues with Charlie.

3
"Charlie vs. Martin"

The Manson girls recall when Charlie bumped into Mary's neighbor Martin (who was a fellow student) and Katie outside Mary's apartment. Charlie attempts to engage in a conversation with Martin over being an aspiring musician, however Martin ignores him. Later on in the night, the girls recall hearing Martin being assaulted next door.

4
"Heading to LA"

Mary questions Charlie's intentions and expresses her trust issues, then insults him over his music talent and goals in life. This leads to Charlie slapping her and leaving her crying on her kitchen floor. He and Sadie leave for Los Angeles.

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49 live+same day)
Viewers
(millions)

1/2
May 28, 2015 (2015-05-28)
1.1/4[3]
5.67

3
June 4, 2015 (2015-06-04)
0.7/2[4]
3.90

4
June 11, 2015 (2015-06-11)
0.8/3[5]
3.74

5
June 18, 2015 (2015-06-18)
0.7/3[6]
3.33

6
June 25, 2015 (2015-06-25)
0.6/2[7]
3.15

7
July 2, 2015 (2015-07-02)
0.4/2[8]
2.44

8
July 9, 2015 (2015-07-09)
0.5/2[9]
2.47

9
July 18, 2015 (2015-07-18)
0.2/1[10]
1.18

10
July 25, 2015 (2015-07-25)
0.2/1[11]
1.16

11
August 1, 2015 (2015-08-01)
0.2/1[12]
1.18

12
August 8, 2015 (2015-08-08)
0.3/1[13]
1.25

13
August 22, 2015 (2015-08-22)
0.2/1[14]
1.13

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49 live+same day)
Viewers
(millions)

14
June 16, 2016 (2016-06-16)
0.5[16]
2.989

15
June 16, 2016 (2016-06-16)
0.4[16]
2.701

16
June 16, 2016 (2016-06-16)
0.4[16]
2.414

17
June 23, 2016 (2016-06-23)
0.4[17]
1.727

18
June 30, 2016 (2016-06-30)
0.4[18]
1.882

19
July 7, 2016 (2016-07-07)
0.4[19]
1.736

20
July 14, 2016 (2016-07-14)
0.4[20]
1.794

21
August 27, 2016 (2016-08-27)
0.4[21]
2.10

22
August 27, 2016 (2016-08-27)
0.3[21]
1.60

23
September 3, 2016 (2016-09-03)
0.2[22]
1.22

24
September 3, 2016 (2016-09-03)
0.2[22]
1.18

25
September 10, 2016 (2016-09-10)
0.3[23]
1.32

26
September 10, 2016 (2016-09-10)
0.2[23]
1.22

text: These Nielsen ratings reflect the regular TV broadcast, but do not include the online binge-watching that was made possible by releasing the complete series on demand even before the TV broadcast. Those online view numbers, however, are not publicly available.[26] NBC claims they helped gaining insight into online viewing behavior.[2]