document_title: Need for Speed

question_text: when did need for speed movie come out

question_tokens: when did need for speed movie come out

text: Need for Speed

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: Almost all of the games in the NFS series employ the same fundamental rules and similar mechanics: the player controls a race car in a variety of races, the goal being to win the race. In the tournament/career mode, the player must win a series of races in order to unlock vehicles and tracks. Before each race, the player chooses a vehicle, and has the option of selecting either an automatic or manual transmission. All games in the series have some form of multiplayer mode allowing players to race one another via a split screen, a LAN or the Internet.

text: Although the games share the same name, their tone and focus can vary significantly. For example, in some games the cars can suffer mechanical and visual damage, while in other games the cars cannot be damaged at all; in some games the software simulates real-car behavior (physics), while in others there are more forgiving physics.

text: With the release of Need for Speed: Underground, the series shifted from racing sports cars on scenic point-to-point tracks to an import/tuner subculture involving street racing in an urban setting. To date, this theme has remained prevalent in most of the following games.

text: Need for Speed: Shift and its sequel took a simulator approach to racing, featuring closed-circuit racing on real tracks like the Nürburgring and the Laguna Seca, and fictional street circuits in cities like London and Chicago. The car lists include a combination of exotics, sports cars, and tuners in addition to special race cars.

text: Most of the games in the franchise include police pursuits in some form or other. In some of the games featuring police pursuit, the player can play as either the felon or the cop.[6] The concepts of drifting and dragging were introduced in Need for Speed: Underground. These new mechanics are included in the tournament/career mode aside from the regular street races. In drift races, the player must defeat other racers by totaling the most points, earned by the length and timing of the drift made by the player's vehicle.[7] In drag races, the player must finish first to win the race, though if the player crashes into an obstacle, the race ends.[7]

text: The concept of car tuning evolved with each new game, from focusing mainly on the mechanics of the car to including how the car looks. Each game has car tuning which can set options for items like ABS, traction control, or downforce, or for upgrading parts like the engine or gearbox. Visual tuning of the player's car becomes important in tournament/career mode after the release of Need for Speed: Underground 2, when the appearance is rated from zero to ten points. When a car attains a high enough visual rating, the vehicle is eligible to be on the cover of a fictional magazine.[8]

text: Like all racing games, the Need for Speed series features a list of cars, modeled and named after actual cars. Cars in the franchise are divided into four categories: exotic cars, muscle cars, tuners, and special vehicles.[9] Exotic cars feature high performance, expensive cars like the Lamborghini Murciélago, Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren, Chevrolet Corvette and the Ford GT; muscle cars refer to the Ford Mustang, Dodge Challenger and the Chevrolet Camaro; while tuner cars are cars like the Nissan Skyline and the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution. The special vehicles are civilian and police cars that are available for use in some games, such as the Ford Crown Victoria in Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit and garbage trucks, fire engines and taxis in Need for Speed: Carbon.[9]

text: Originally the series took place in international settings, such as race tracks in Australia, Europe, and Africa.[10] Beginning with Underground, the series has taken place in fictional metropolitan cities.[11] The first game featured traffic on "head to head" mode, while later games traffic can be toggled on and off, and starting with Underground, traffic is a fixed obstacle.[11] Most of the recent Need for Speed games are set in fictional locations of our world, in a number of different time periods. These include, but are not limited to, Bayview, Rockport, Seacrest County, Fairhaven City and Ventura Bay.

text: Development[edit]

text:
Timeline of release years

1994
The Need for Speed

1995

1996

1997
Need for Speed II

1998
Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit

1999
Need for Speed: High Stakes

2000
Need for Speed: Porsche Unleashed

2001

2002
Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2

2003
Need for Speed: Underground

2004
Need for Speed: Underground 2

2005
Need for Speed: Most Wanted

2006
Need for Speed: Carbon

2007
Need for Speed: ProStreet

2008
Need for Speed: Undercover

2009
Need for Speed: Shift

Need for Speed: Nitro

2010
Need for Speed: World

Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit

2011
Shift 2: Unleashed

Need for Speed: The Run

2012
Need for Speed: Most Wanted

2013
Need for Speed Rivals

2014

2015
Need for Speed: No Limits

Need for Speed (2015)

2016

2017
Need for Speed Payback

TBA
Need for Speed: Edge

text: The Need for Speed series was originally developed by Distinctive Software, a video game studio based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Prior to Electronic Arts' purchase of the company in 1991, it had created popular racing games such as Stunts and Test Drive II: The Duel. After the purchase, the company was renamed Electronic Arts (EA) Canada. The company capitalized on its experience in the domain by developing the Need for Speed series in late 1992.[12] EA Canada continued to develop and expand the Need for Speed franchise up to 2002, when another Vancouver-based gaming company, named Black Box Games, was contracted to continue the series with Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2.[13] EA Black Box has been the primary series developer on a yearly cycle from 2002-08. In 2009, EA brought in Slightly Mad Studios, due to sagging sales, and they released Need for Speed: Shift, and EA's own UK-based company Criterion Games came with Hot Pursuit in 2010. In 2011, Slightly Mad Studios released a sequel to Shift, Shift 2: Unleashed and EA Black Box released Need for Speed: The Run.

text: In 2010, EA introduced a social platform, titled Autolog, for Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit and future games in the series. Autolog provides social features for Need for Speed games via a mobile app and website; it allows players to track game progress, view leaderboards, share screenshots with friends, and more.[14]

text: At E3 2012, Criterion Games vice president Alex Ward announced that random developers would no longer be developing NFS titles. Ward wouldn't confirm that all Need for Speed games in the future would be developed entirely by Criterion, but he did say the studio would have "strong involvement" in them, and would have control over which NFS titles would be released in the future.[3][15]

text: During August 2013, it was announced that Criterion would be restructured and downsized, while Ghost Games would spearhead all future development of the series.[3]

text: Series overview[edit]

text: There have been 23 games released in the Need for Speed series.

text:
All games of the Need for Speed-series by system

Title
Year
PC
Consoles
Handheld
Developer
Notes

The Need for Speed
1994
DOS
3DO, Saturn, PS1
N/A
Pioneer Studios
EA Canada
3DO version was the first version to be released

Need for Speed II
1997
Windows
PS1
N/A
EA (Canada/Seattle)
Prototypes and showcars available.

NFS III: Hot Pursuit
1998
Windows
PS1
N/A
EA (Canada/Seattle)

NFS: High Stakes
1999
Windows
PS1
N/A
EA (Canada/Seattle)
Road Challenge (Europe, Brazil)

NFS: Porsche Unleashed
2000
Windows
PS1
GBA
Eden Games/EA Canada
Pocketeers
Porsche 2000 (Europe), Porsche (Germany, Latin America)

NFS: Hot Pursuit 2
2002
Windows
GC, PS2, Xbox
N/A
EA (Black Box/Seattle)

NFS: Underground
2003
Windows
GC, PS2, Xbox
GBA
EA Black Box

NFS: Underground 2
2004
Windows
GC, PS2, Xbox
GBA, Mobile, DS, PSP1
EA Black Box

NFS: Most Wanted
2005
Windows
GC, PS2, Xbox, Xbox 360
GBA, Mobile, DS, PSP
EA Black Box

NFS: Carbon
2006
Windows, Mac OS X
GC, PS2, Xbox, PS3, Wii, Xbox 360
GBA, Mobile, DS, PSP
EA (Canada/Black Box)

NFS: ProStreet
2007
Windows
PS2, PS3, Wii, Xbox 360
Mobile, DS, PSP
EA Black Box

NFS: Undercover
2008
Windows
PS2, PS3, Wii, Xbox 360
Mobile, DS, PSP, Windows Mobile, iOS
EA Vancouver
Exient Entertainment
Firebrand Games
Piranha Games

NFS: Shift
2009
Windows
PS3, Xbox 360
PSP, Mobile, Windows Mobile, Android, iOS
Slightly Mad Studios
EA Bright Light

NFS: Nitro
N/A
Wii
DS
Firebrand Games
EA Montreal
The DSiWare version was called Need for Speed: Nitro-X.

NFS: World
2010
Windows
N/A
N/A
EA Black Box
Free-to-play MMO racing game. Closed in 2015.

NFS: Hot Pursuit
Windows
PS3, Wii, Xbox 360
Windows Phone, Android, iOS
Criterion Games
Wii version by Exient Entertainment

Shift 2: Unleashed
2011
Windows
PS3, Xbox 360
iOS
Slightly Mad Studios
Also known as Need for Speed: Shift 2 Unleashed.

NFS: The Run
Windows
PS3, Wii, Xbox 360
3DS
EA Black Box
Wii/3DS versions by Firebrand Games.

NFS: Most Wanted
2012
Windows
PS3, Wii U, Xbox 360
PS Vita, Android, iOS
Criterion Games
Wii U version (released 2013) was titled Need for Speed: Most Wanted U.

NFS: Rivals
2013
Windows
PS3, PS4, Xbox 360, Xbox One
N/A
Ghost Games
Criterion Games
Need for Speed Rivals Complete Edition was released October 21, 2014 (including all DLC packs & pre-order bonuses).

NFS: No Limits
2015
N/A
N/A
Android, iOS
Firemonkeys Studios

Need for Speed
Windows
PS4, Xbox One
N/A
Ghost Games
Series reboot. Requires consistent internet connectivity.

NFS: Payback
2017
Windows
PS4, Xbox One
N/A
Ghost Games
The game is currently under development and will be available in November 2017.

NFS: Edge
In development
Windows
Unknown
N/A
EA Spearhead
Free-to-play MMO racing game. Published by Nexon (South Korea) and Tencent Interactive Entertainment (Title: Need for Speed Online) (China).

text:
^1 The PSP version was called Need for Speed: Underground Rivals, it was released in 2005.
^2 This game was not released on the PS3, but the PS2 version is available as a digital download on PlayStation Network as of 2012.
^3 The iOS version was canceled due to low sales of The Run.

text: Main installments[edit]

text: The Need for Speed (1994)[edit]

text: The original Need for Speed was released for 3DO in 1994 with versions released for the PC (DOS) (1995), PlayStation and Saturn (1996) following shortly afterwards. The Need for Speed and its Special Edition were the only games in the series to support DOS, with subsequent releases for the PC run only within Windows.

text: The first installment of The Need for Speed was the only serious attempt by the series to provide a realistic simulation of car handling elements through the direct collaboration of Staff members from Road & Track. Electronic Arts left the handling dynamics tuning with the automotive magazine's seasoned drivers to match vehicle behavior including realistic over and understeer that remains impressive decades later, as well as sounds made by the vehicles' gear control levers and other functions. The game contained vehicle data with spoken commentary, several "magazine style" images of each car, and short video-clips highlighting the vehicles set to music.

text: Most cars and tracks are available at the beginning of the game, and the objective is to unlock the remaining locked content by winning tournaments. This version featured chases by police cars, a popular theme throughout the series.

text: Another version, called The Need for Speed: Special Edition, was released only for the PC in 1996. It featured support for DirectX 2 and TCP/IP networking, two new tracks, but dropped the ever-popular flip and go in favor of the more generic scene reset after an accident, a portents of the arcade style gaming that would dominate the series ever after.

text: Need for Speed II (1997)[edit]

text: Need for Speed II (NFS II) featured some rare and exotic vehicles, including the Ford Indigo concept vehicle, and featured country-themed tracks from North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. The PlayStation port of NFS II was the first PlayStation game to take advantage of the NeGcon controller, and the Dual Analog and DualShock controllers as well. A new racing mode was also introduced, dubbed "Knockout", where the last racers to finish laps will be eliminated. In addition, track design was more open-ended; players could now "drive" off the asphalt, and cut across fields to take advantage of shortcuts. Need for Speed II: Special Edition includes one extra track, extra cars, and support for Glide.

text: Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit (1998)[edit]

text: Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit added Hot Pursuit mode, where the player either attempted to outrun the police or be the cop, arresting speeders.

text: NFS III took advantage of the multimedia capabilities by featuring audio commentary, picture slideshows and music videos. This game was the first in the series to allow the downloading of additional cars from the official website. As a result, modding communities sprang up to create vehicles. The PC version was also the first game in the series to support Direct 3D hardware.

text: Need for Speed: High Stakes/Road Challenge (1999)[edit]

text: High Stakes (North American and Australian title), also known as Road Challenge (European and Brazilian title), Conduite en état de liberté (French title) and Brennender Asphalt (German title), was released in the summer of 1999.

text: High Stakes introduced several new types of gameplay: High Stakes, Getaway, Time Trap, and Career. High Stakes was a racing mode; Getaway required the player to outrun numerous pursuing police vehicles; Time Trap was a time lap trial; and Career was a tournament mode which incorporated a monetary reward system. Another innovation was the introduction of damage models, where after a race the player is given the option to purchase repairs. The mode also allows players, for the first time, to upgrade cars.

text: The PlayStation version of the game, released some months before the PC version, featured improved gameplay. The AI in the game was more advanced: the five AIs known as Nemesis, Bullit, Frost, Ranger, and Chump featured different driving characteristics. In the PlayStation version, the McLaren F1 GTR was based on the 1997 Long Tail, while the PC version was based on the original 95/96 version.

text: Need for Speed: Porsche Unleashed/Porsche 2000 (2000)[edit]

text: Porsche Unleashed (North America and Latin America title), Porsche 2000 (European title) or simply Porsche (in Germany) is different from the previous versions, because it featured only Porsches.

text: The vehicle handling in the PC version was said to be the most realistic in any NFS game, but like the PS1 version had very simplified arcade handling that fell woefully short of the Hallmark handling offered in the first game. The player had to win races to unlock cars in chronological order from 1950 to 2000. Porsche Unleashed also featured a Factory Driver mode, where the player had to test Porsches to move forward in the game, and did not feature a split screen mode.

text: Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2 (2002)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2 was the debut NFS title from EA Black Box, and the first NFS for the sixth generation consoles. Different versions of the game were produced for each game platform; the Xbox, GameCube and PC versions were developed in EA Seattle, while the PS2 version was developed by Black Box Games in Vancouver.

text: Hot Pursuit 2 draws primarily from the gameplay and style of NFS III; its emphasis on evading the police and over-the-top tracks. Although the game allowed players to play as the police, the pursuit mode was less realistic than preceding versions of NFS; players merely needed to "tap" a speeder to arrest them, as opposed to using simulated police tactics to immobilize a speeding vehicle.

text: This was the first version since the start of the series not to feature an "in the driving seat" camera view, transitioning EA from realistic racing to arcade street racing. It was the last game in the series for the PC version to feature the split-screen two player mode introduced in Need for Speed II. For the multiplayer mode of the PC version, GameSpy's internet matchmaking system was used in place of Local Area Network (LAN) play. Hot Pursuit 2 was also the first NFS game to use songs sung by licensed artists under the EA Trax label.

text: Need for Speed: Underground (2003)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: Underground was developed by EA Black Box and released on November 17, 2003. This was the first NFS game to require Hardware Transform and Lighting in Graphics Cards. Most of the new elements in Underground became defining marks of later installments in the Need for Speed series.

text: Underground shifted from semi-professional racing and isolated circuits to the street racing style of other arcade racing series: all circuits became part of a single map, Olympic City, except for drifts. Underground introduced two new play modes (Drag and Drift) and more tuning options than in the earlier High Stakes. Underground was also the first game in the series to feature a story, told via pre-rendered videos.

text: Underground features tuner cars and has a wide variety of tuning options such as widebody kits, bumpers, spoilers, etc., as well as performance upgrades such as engines and nitrous. City street racing is the primary focus of the game.

text: There were no police in Underground and Underground 2, which drew criticism as police had been an important part of previous titles.

text: Need for Speed: Underground 2 (2004)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: Underground 2, was developed by EA Black Box and released on November 15, 2004. A demo of the game was placed as a bonus in copies of the EA/Criterion collaboration Burnout 3: Takedown.

text: In Underground 2, the story mode continued, but there were new racing modes such as Underground Racing League and Street X, more tuning options, and a new method of selecting races. Also included was an "outrun" mode where a player can challenge random opponents on the road (similar to Tokyo Xtreme Racer). Underground 2 also introduced several SUVs, used to race against other SUVs. The most significant change vs. the original Underground was the introduction of its Open World (free roam) environments,[16] setting the tone for numerous NFS games to come. This was also the publisher's most marketed feature at launch. In addition, the game featured actresses/models Brooke Burke and Kelly Brook as in-game characters to help guide the player through the campaign.[17]

text: The customization features were significantly expanded on modifications which did not affect vehicle performance. Players were required to customize their car to a certain numerical value in order to be offered DVD and magazine covers, the only way to advance to higher game levels. The game featured more extensive product placement for companies with no connection to auto racing. This game also had extensive customization options in the form of suspension upgrades, nitrous systems and engine mods.

text: Need for Speed: Underground Rivals was the first Need for Speed game released on the PlayStation Portable. Different from Need for Speed: Underground 2 as it had no free roam and the cars were very limited, it was released on February 24, 2005 in Japan, March 14, 2005 in North America, and September 1, 2005 in Europe. The title went Platinum in Europe on June 30, 2006.

text: Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2005)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: Most Wanted was developed by EA Black Box, released on November 16, 2005, and was one of the first games released for the Xbox 360. It was released on the Nintendo GameCube, Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, Xbox, Game Boy Advance, Microsoft Windows and Nintendo DS. The PlayStation Portable port of Most Wanted is called Need for Speed: Most Wanted 5-1-0.

text: Police chases represent a significant body of the gameplay, and include the free-roaming aspect of Underground 2, but with less extensive vehicle customization features. The story mode is a different style from Underground, with CGI effects mixed with live action. The game featured the Blacklist, a crew consisting of 15 racers that the player must beat one-by-one to unlock parts, cars, tracks, and to complete career mode. The player had to meet certain requirements before they could take on the next Blacklist rival, such as races completed, milestones achieved, bounty earned, etc.

text: A special Black Edition of Most Wanted was also released, featuring additional races, challenges, and a few bonus cars; it also included a behind-the-scenes DVD. Both versions were available for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, Nintendo DS, and Windows-based PCs, while only the standard edition was available for GameCube and Xbox 360.

text: Most Wanted had extremely positive reviews and received universal acclaim from reviewers in many gaming websites and magazines, praising the graphics, sound effects and general gameplay. With 16 million copies sold worldwide, it's the best-selling game in the franchise.[18] A game, also named Need for Speed: Most Wanted, was released in 2012 with British developer Criterion Games responsible for the development.

text: Need for Speed: Carbon (2006)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: Carbon was developed by EA Black Box and released on October 31, 2006. It was the first NFS game for the PlayStation 3 and the Wii and the last NFS game for the Nintendo GameCube, the Game Boy Advance, and the Xbox. Carbon's handheld port is known as Need for Speed: Carbon – Own the City. The Wii port lacked online, but made full use of the Wii Remote and Nunchuk.

text: NFS: Carbon continued the story from Most Wanted, however, the game has far less emphasis on the police. Carbon saw the return of nighttime-only racing, with a selection of cars similar to that of Most Wanted. Carbon introduced a new feature wherein the player is allowed to form a "crew" that aids the player in races. Drift events returned to the series in Carbon.

text: Drag racing was removed from the series, but a new type of race called "Canyon Duel" was added, where the closer the player is to the leader, the more points they accrue. If the player overtakes the leader and remains in front for 10 seconds, they win automatically. Another new feature is "Autosculpt", which allows players to custom-fabricate their own auto parts.

text: The Collector's Edition Featuring three new cars, ten specially tuned cars, six new races, and a bonus DVD with behind-the-scenes footage on the making of the game.

text: Need for Speed: ProStreet (2007)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: ProStreet, developed by EA Black Box, was released in 2007. Key features of the game included realistic damage, a return to realistic racing, modeling, and burnouts.[19][20] The game lacked the free roam mode found in earlier releases, instead, all of the races were on closed race tracks that took place on organized race days. The game consisted of drag races, speed challenges (essentially sprint races and speed traps), grip races (circuit racing), and drift races.[citation needed]

text: Need for Speed: Undercover (2008)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: Undercover, developed by EA Black Box, was released on November 18, 2008. The game had a significantly longer development cycle than previous games, taking 16 months to develop.[21] EA Games president Frank Gibeau stated that since sales of ProStreet didn't live up to EA's projections, the franchise would go back to its "roots". The game received lower scores on aggregate than Pro Street.

text: The game focused on tuning and police chases, featured over 50 cars, and took place in a fictional city called Tri City Bay. The player's role was as an undercover cop, trying to stop street racers. Containing live-action cutscenes which feature the actress Maggie Q, the game also featured a damage system where parts could break off after a crash.

text: The Collector's Edition for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 added another 5 new cars, twelve new circuits, and sprint and checkpoint track configurations. Also included were specially tuned versions of ten existing cars, plus 35 exclusive vinyls for adding a unique visual style.

text: EA ported Undercover to various mobile devices. It was the last Need for Speed game for PlayStation 2.

text: Need for Speed: Shift (2009)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: Shift, developed by Slightly Mad Studios, was released on September 15, 2009. It features over 60 cars and 19 tracks, some of which are actual licensed tracks while others are fictional. Improved driving simulation was accompanied by an adaptive difficulty, while it reintroduced a cockpit view. NFS: Shift focused on racing simulation rather than the arcade racing of previous titles.

text: NFS: Shift received better reviews than the prior 3 games in the series. The Special Edition contained a special tuned BMW M3 GT2, and an Elite Series track. Two items of downloadable content were released for the game.

text: Need for Speed: Nitro (2009)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: Nitro is the first NFS game made exclusively for Nintendo DS and Wii, featuring arcade-style gameplay and targeting a casual audience. Nitro was released on November 3, 2009 in North America and in Europe on November 6, 2009. Need for Speed: Nitro was also available as a social multiplayer game on Facebook.[22]

text: Need for Speed: Nitro-X (2010) was a newer installment for use with the DSi/XL and the 3DS system. Essentially the original release, it was updated with several updates: 18 licensed vehicles; new police units; custom tags; 16 updated tracks; a revised career mode; local multiplayer matches for up to 4 players; and new rewards and unlockables. The game was released as a digital download only, released on November 15, 2010 in North America and November 26, 2010 in Europe.[citation needed]

text: Need for Speed: World (2010)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: World was a free-to-play MMO racing game for Windows-based PCs.

text: It took on the gameplay style of Most Wanted and Carbon, focusing on illegal street racing, tuning and police chases, and adding classic MMO elements to the mix. World incorporated almost exact replicas of the cities of Rockport and Palmont, the cities of Most Wanted and Carbon respectively, into its map design. World was originally scheduled for an Asian release in the summer of 2009, however the game was not released at that time and it was released worldwide on July 27, 2010.[23][24] In October 2009, the game was in public beta-testing limited to residents of Taiwan.

text: The beta was launched on June 2, 2010. The game was released to players who had the starter pack on July 20, 2010 and to others on July 27, 2010. Previously, the players who did not purchase the Starter Pack were not able to progress further from level 10; the level cap for those players has since been removed on September 8, 2010, allowing all players' progression and availability. Players were limited to 60 levels only. It has a garage of 150+ cars.[25]

text: On April 15, 2015, it was announced that Need for Speed World would be closing its servers on July 14, 2015. They soon after removed the ability to create new accounts for the game and began winding down their support for it. Since the announcement, there have been several "end of the world" promotions and in game events but many of the players have since moved on.[26]

text: Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (2010)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit was developed by British games developer Criterion Games and published by Electronic Arts on November 16, 2010.[27] It focuses on racing and police chases rather than car customization. The game won many awards at the E3 2010, including "Best Racing Game", becoming the first game in the NFS series since the original Hot Pursuit to win an E3 award.

text: There were over 60 cars, most available to both racers and cops, but a few were exclusive to either side.[28] Unlike previous NFS titles, there was no customization, and the game takes place in a fictional rural area called Seacrest County, which the "free roam" feature lets you explore. Hot Pursuit allows play as either police or racer.

text: The game also features many weapons, with some exclusive to the cops or racers. The biggest feature introduced was the Need for Speed Autolog, which tracked player progressions and recommended events to play. In addition to its statistical system, Autolog also features Facebook-like speedwalls where players can post their comments and photos while in the game. Hot Pursuit has received some of the best reviews of the series.

text: The Limited Edition gives players exclusive access to the Alfa Romeo 8C Competizione and Ford Shelby GT500. Various downloadable content was released for the game.

text: Shift 2: Unleashed (2011)[edit]

text: The sequel to Need for Speed: Shift, Shift 2: Unleashed was developed by Slightly Mad Studios, and released on March 29, 2011. Shift 2 includes the Autolog feature introduced in Hot Pursuit.[29] It also includes features such as night racing, an in-helmet camera, and a more in-depth career mode. Shift 2 features more than 140 vehicles available for racing and tuning, a smaller number compared with other racing games such as Forza Motorsport 3 and Gran Turismo 5. There are also 40 real-world locations including Bathurst, Spa-Francorchamps and Suzuka as well as fictional circuits.[citation needed]

text: The Limited Edition features 3 unlocked cars, and an additional 37 career race events.[30] Two downloadable contents were released for Shift 2.

text: Need for Speed: The Run (2011)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: The Run was developed by EA Black Box, and released on November 15, 2011. The game continued the street-racing gameplay of Black Box's previous titles, with a story based on a race across the United States from San Francisco to New York.

text: The game featured quick time events with the player, for the first time in NFS history, exiting their car and traveling on foot. The Run was powered by DICE's Frostbite 2 engine, making the game the first non-shooter and one of the first console titles to use the engine. Additionally, the NFS Autolog was also used in the game.

text: The Run employs a large range of real-world vehicles, which can be altered with visual upgrades. An XP (Experience points) system is used for unlocking cars and events. The Limited Edition features three exclusive cars and five exclusive challenges with bonus rewards and achievements.

text: Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: Most Wanted was developed by British games developer Criterion Games, and released on October 30, 2012. The game picked up on the Most Wanted IP, as opposed to the Hot Pursuit extension.[31] This was the first game made subsequent to Criterion Games taking over the NFS series from Black Box.

text: It features open world racing, and most of the cars in the game are available from the start, hidden in different locations.[32] It also features a blacklist of 10 instead of 15, and there is no story or visual customization for the game. It is powered by Autolog 2.0. Performance upgrades are available for all the cars in the game, such as chassis, tires, nitrous, and bodywork.[33] Milestones and achievements are unlocked through a variety of ways, e.g. completion of races and breaking through billboards.

text: Need for Speed Rivals (2013)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: Rivals was developed by Ghost Games (formerly EA Gothenburg) in association with Criterion Games, and was released on November 15, 2013 for the PlayStation 4,[34] on November 19, 2013 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360[34] and on November 22, 2013 for the Xbox One.[34] It runs on DICE's Frostbite 3 Engine. It has the same basic concept as Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit, but with new features like the AllDrive system, and several pursuit techs.

text: Need for Speed (2015)[edit]

text: On May 21, 2015, EA and Ghost Games revealed Need for Speed, a full reboot of the franchise. The game was released on November 3, 2015 for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, with a release for Microsoft Windows (via Origin) in 2016. More information on the game was revealed during the EA press conference at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2015 on June 15, 2015. A new trailer was released and a short gameplay demo was shown.[35] Beta released on PS4 and Xbox One. PC version was released on 15 March 2016 via Origin in two different editions. The Standard Edition is the base edition, whereas the Deluxe Edition has the styling pack, performance pack, tricked-out starter car, exclusive wraps, unique identifying stickers, VIP icons and lifetime discount on all items using the in-game currency.[36]

text: Need for Speed: No Limits (2015)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: No Limits was released in 2015 for iOS and Android, and a mobile installment in the Need for Speed video game series, developed by Firemonkeys Studios and published by Electronic Arts. It is the franchise's first original title made exclusively for mobile devices, unlike past mobile games in the series that were simply adaptations of various Need for Speed games.

text: Need for Speed Payback (2017)[edit]

text: EA and Ghost Games announced Need for Speed Payback in June 2017, and is scheduled for release on November 10, 2017 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One.[37] The game will be playable after the EA press conference at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2017 from June 10–12, 2017.[38]

text: Need for Speed: Edge (TBA)[edit]

text: Need for Speed: Edge is an upcoming free-to-play MMO racing game which is currently in development by EA Spearhead (formerly EA Korea) and published by Nexon from South Korea and Tencent Interactive Entertainment (known as Need for Speed Online) from China. It is the third free-to-play game in the franchise overall, also the only free-to-play racing game that runs on Frostbite 3 game engine. It is based on the 2013 title, Need for Speed Rivals.[39]

text: Other games[edit]

text: There are three games which are associated with, but not part of, the Need for Speed series.

text: Need for Speed: V-Rally (1997)[edit]

text: When V-Rally was released in 1997, it was developed by Eden Studios, and had no connection with the Need for Speed games. Electronic Arts acquired the rights to publish the PlayStation version of the game in the United States in order to help sales of the game, due to the fact that rally racing held little support in the U.S.[citation needed] The game was not originally intended to be part of the Need for Speed series; neither the game's development was done by Electronic Arts Canada (which at the time was the primary developer of the Need for Speed series), nor was it developed in as association with Electronic Arts in any way. Later versions of the game were solely published by Infogrames and were released under their original names.

text: Need for Speed: V-Rally 2 (1999)[edit]

text: Much like with the original V-Rally, EA purchased the rights to publish the PlayStation version of V-Rally 2. Infogrames published the Dreamcast version of the game in America as Test Drive: V-Rally.

text: Motor City Online (2001)[edit]

text: Originally conceived as part of the Need for Speed series under the title Need for Speed: Motor City,[40] all single player elements were discarded in favor of an online-only model. The result, Motor City Online was a racing MMO game released by EA on October 29, 2001. The point of the game was to buy classic cars, tune them, and race them against other players. The game went offline less than two years later to enable EA to focus on The Sims Online. Later, EA, would develop a new online racing game, called Need for Speed: World.[41]

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Aggregate review scores
As of June 3, 2016.

Game
GameRankings
Metacritic

The Need for Speed
(SAT) 95.00%[42]
(DOS) 83.00%[43]
(PS) 68.50%[44]

Need for Speed II
(PS1) 71.39%[45]
(PC) 68.25%[46]
(PS1) 71/100[47]

Need for Speed III: Hot Pursuit
(PS1) 85.63%[48]
(PC) 84.82%[49]
(PS1) 88/100[50]

Need for Speed: High Stakes
(PS1) 84.38%[51]
(PC) 83.08%[52]
(PS1) 86/100[53]

Need for Speed: Porsche Unleashed
(PC) 84.36%[54]
(PS1) 74.50%[55]
(GBA) 59.25%[56]
(PS1) 78/100[57]
(GBA) 62/100[58]

Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit 2
(PS2) 88.01%[59]
(Xbox) 80.04%[60]
(PC) 72.77%[61]
(GC) 72.05%[62]
(PS2) 89/100[63]
(Xbox) 75/100[64]
(PC) 73/100[65]
(GC) 68/100[66]

Need for Speed: Underground
(PS2) 84.29%[67]
(GC) 83.73%[68]
(PC) 82.29%[69]
(Xbox) 81.76%[70]
(GBA) 77.33%[71]
(PS2) 85/100[72]
(GC) 83/100[73]
(Xbox) 83/100[74]
(PC) 82/100[75]
(GBA) 77/100[76]

Need for Speed: Underground 2
(PC) 83.50%[77]
(Xbox) 82.61%[78]
(PS2) 80.77%[79]
(GC) 79.98%[80]
(GBA) 69.45%[81]
(NDS) 65.44%[82]
(PC) 82/100[83]
(PS2) 82/100[84]
(Xbox) 77/100[85]
(GBA) 72/100[86]
(NDS) 65/100.[87]

Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2005)
(X360) 83.05%[88]
(Xbox) 82.59%[89]
(PS2) 81.56%[90]
(PC) 81.50%[91]
(GC) 79.36%[92]
(GBA) 67.33%[93]
(NDS) 46.89%[94]
(X360) 83/100[95]
(Xbox) 83/100[96]
(PS2) 82/100[97]
(PC) 82/100[98]
(GC) 80/100[99]
(NDS) 45/100[100]

Need for Speed: Carbon
(PC) 78.47%[101]
(X360) 77.51%[102]
(PS3) 76.26%[103]
(PS2) 75.04%[104]
(GC) 74.25%[105]
(Xbox) 73.28%[106]
(PSP) 71.00%[107]
(GBA) 69.33%[108]
(NDS) 66.50%[109]
(Wii) 65.39%[110]
(PC) 78/100[111]
(X360) 77/100[112]
(PS3) 75/100[113]
(GC) 75/100[114]
(PS2) 74/100[115]
(Xbox) 74/100[116]
(PSP) 73/100[117]
(NDS) 70/100[118]
(Wii) 67/100[119]

Need for Speed: ProStreet
(NDS) 74.83%[120]
(PS3) 72.87%[121]
(X360) 72.17%[122]
(PC) 69.12%[123]
(Wii) 63.94%[124]
(PS2) 60.64%[125]
(PSP) 60.38%[126]
(NDS) 74/100[127]
(PS3) 73/100[128]
(X360) 72/100[129]
(PC) 70/100[130]
(PS2) 62/100[131]
(Wii) 61/100[132]
(PSP) 57/100[133]

Need for Speed: Undercover
(X360) 64.58%[134]
(PS3) 62.66%[135]
(PC) 61.70%[136]
(NDS) 58.20%[137]
(PS2) 58.00%[138]
(Wii) 53.92%[139]
(PSP) 50.50%[140]
(PC) 65/100[141]
(X360) 64/100[142]
(PS3) 59/100[143]
(NDS) 59/100[144]
(Wii) 54/100[145]
(PSP) 52/100[146]

Need for Speed: Shift
(PS3) 83.59%[147]
(X360) 82.84%[148]
(PC) 82.36%[149]
(PSP) 69.60%[150]
(PS3) 84/100[151]
(X360) 83/100[152]
(PC) 83/100[153]
(PSP) 69/100[154]

Need for Speed: Nitro
(Wii) 73.31%[155]
(NDS) 71.71%[156]
(NDS) 70/100[157]
(Wii) 69/100[158]

Need for Speed: World
(PC) 63.83%[159]
(PC) 62/100[160]

Need for Speed: Hot Pursuit (2010)
(PS3) 88.86%[161]
(X360) 87.21%[162]
(PC) 86.19%[163]
(Wii) 45.83%[164]
(PS3) 89/100[165]
(X360) 88/100[166]
(PC) 86/100[167]
(Wii) 50/100[168]

Shift 2: Unleashed
(PC) 83.08%[169]
(X360) 81.91%[170]
(PS3) 80.40%[171]
(PC) 84/100[172]
(X360) 82/100[173]
(PS3) 81/100[174]

Need for Speed: The Run
(Wii) 70.00%[175]
(X360) 69.92%[176]
(3DS) 68.20%[177]
(PS3) 64.04%[178]
(PC) 60.14%[179]
(PC) 69/100[180]
(X360) 68/100[181]
(3DS) 65/100[182]
(Wii) 64/100[183]
(PS3) 64/100[184]

Need for Speed: Most Wanted (2012)
(WIIU) 86.46%[185]
(PS3) 85.09%[186]
(Vita) 83.44%[187]
(X360) 83.05%[188]
(PC) 81.50%[189]
(WiiU) 86/100[190]
(PS3) 84/100[191]
(X360) 84/100[192]
(Vita) 79/100[193]
(PC) 78/100[194]

Need for Speed Rivals
(PS3) 85.00%[195]
(PS4) 81.62%[196]
(XOne) 79.33%[197]
(PC) 78.67%[198]
(X360) 77.50%[199]
(PS3) 82/100[200]
(PS4) 80/100[201]
(XOne) 75/100[202]
(PC) 78/100[203]
(X360) 76/100[204]

Need for Speed
(PC) 61.00%[205]
(PS4) 66.44%[206]
(XONE) 66.12%[207]
(PC) 68/100[208]
(PS4) 66/100[209]
(XONE) 65/100[210]

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: EA worked with DreamWorks Studios to create a film version of Need for Speed starring Aaron Paul as Tobey Marshall, a mechanic and street racer who was framed by a wealthy business associate.[211][212] The movie released on March 14, 2014, and despite receiving negative reviews ended up grossing over $200 million at the worldwide box office. In April 2015, it was reported that a sequel would be produced by China Movie Channel, Jiaflix, and 1905.com in association with EA Games.[213][214]


document_title: List of American Horror Story: Cult characters

question_text: who is the cop on american horror story cult

root

text: Cast members[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Sarah Paulson as Ally Mayfair-Richards and Susan Atkins
Evan Peters as Kai Anderson, Andy Warhol, Jim Jones, David Koresh, Marshall Applewhite, Jesus and Charles Manson.
Cheyenne Jackson as Dr. Rudy Vincent
Billie Lourd as Winter Anderson and Linda Kasabian
Alison Pill as Ivy Mayfair-Richards

tag: ul

text: Supporting cast[edit]

text:
John Carroll Lynch as Twisty the Clown (recurring)
Billy Eichner as Harrison Wilton and Tex Watson (special guest star)
Adina Porter as Beverly Hope (recurring)
Colton Haynes as Det. Jack Samuels (recurring)
Leslie Grossman as Meadow Wilton and Patricia Krenwinkel (recurring)
James Morosini as R.J. (recurring)
Chaz Bono as Gary Longstreet (recurring)
Cooper Dodson as Oz Mayfair-Richards (recurring)
Tim Kang as Tom Chang (guest star)
Jorge-Luis Pallo as Pedro Morales (recurring)
Zack Ward as Roger (recurring)
Frances Conroy as Bebe Babbitt (recurring)
Dermot Mulroney as Bob Thompson (recurring)
Emma Roberts as Serena Belinda (special guest star)
Mare Winningham as Sally Keffler (special guest star)
Lena Dunham as Valerie Solanas (special guest star)
Dot-Marie Jones as Butchy May (guest star)
Jamie Brewer as Hedda (guest star)
Laura Allen as Rosie (recurring)
Ron Melendez as Mark (recurring)
Dennis Cockrum as Herbert Jackson (recurring)
Cameron Copperwaithe as Speedwagon (recurring)
Annie Ilonzeh as Erika (guest star)
T.J. Hoban as Vincenzo Ravoli (guest star)
Bill Parks as Cole (guest star)
Grant Albrecht as Scott Anderson (guest star)
Rick Springfield as Pastor Charles (guest star)
Rachel Roberts as Sharon Tate (guest star)
Sarah Yarkin as Riley (guest star)
Cathy Marks as Dorothy (guest star)

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Ally Mayfair-Richards[edit]

text: Allyson "Ally" Mayfair-Richards (portrayed by Sarah Paulson) is a liberal woman from Michigan who suffers from anxiety as well as several crippling fears, including coulrophobia, hemophobia, and trypophobia, but is being treated by psychiatrist Dr. Vincent. She is a joint owner of a restaurant called "The Butchery on Main" with her wife, Ivy, and together they have a son called Ozzy. Although she lived a relatively normal life and had her fears under control, the election of Donald Trump deeply upset her and triggered her anxiety, phobias, and paranoia. Following the election, she and Ivy hire Winter to look after Ozzy, during which Ally is attacked several times by clowns. This worsens Ally's paranoia as she fortifies the house and accidentally kills her co-worker Pedro during a blackout.[1] After Ivy takes Ozzy and leaves her, Ally learns of her wife's connection to the cult that have been terrorizing her from Meadow. Following Meadow's assassination attempt on Kai, Ally is put in a psychiatric ward for three weeks with no contact with her wife or son as she is approached by the FBI to be their mole in the cult. Becoming calculative and cunning as a result of her self-reflection curing her of her phobias, tricking Kai into thinking that Ozzy is his biological son, Ally first killed Ivy with arsenic-laced food and then sets up Winter to be killed by her brother. Ally then sends a FBI raid after Kai's cult, with Kai arrested while swearing revenge. Months later, now a feminist and winning the popular vote, Ally runs for Senator and orchestrated Kai's death during her first debate. After Kai's death, Ally became Senator while intending to restructure the government as a member of SCUM. For her performance, Paulson was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie.

tag: p

text: Kai Anderson[edit]

text: Kai Anderson (portrayed by Evan Peters) is a mentally damaged young man and the brother of Rudy Vincent and Winter Anderson, having lost his parents in a murder-suicide in 2014 with Rudy concealing their bodies in their bedroom as to not lose the money from their mom's pension and their dad's disability checks.[2] Following an ordeal with Pastor Charles and undergoing therapy under Bebe Babbitt, pretending to be a Trump supporter as he saw the man's presidency will provide him with the opportunity, Kai became a manipulative and disturbed figure who intends to gain control over others using their fear and rage. He uses Rudy's files on Ally to create the clown cult with his followers while provoking a group of Mexicans into beating him to get the sympathy vote while running for city council after murdering councilman Chang.[3] He then used Meadow Wilton to win the election by staging an assassination attempt, gaining a following as a result while his mania manifests more, murdering both his siblings. Becoming more misogynistic, and under the influence of a hallucination of Charles Manson, Kai attempts to stage fear to assure his seat in the Senate by murdering multiple pregnant women. But Kai ends up being outwitted by Ally as arranged for a FBI raid, resulting with his followers all killed off as he is sent to jail. Months later, Kai created a new following while in prison before he escapes with the intent to kill Ally as an act of revenge-driven Iconoclasm. But Kai failed to realize that he was tricked again, told by Ally that a "nasty woman" is worse than a "humiliated man" as he is killed by Beverly Hope.[4]

text: Dr. Rudy Vincent[edit]

text: Rudy Vincent (portrayed by Cheyenne Jackson) is the psychiatrist that helps treat Ally Mayfair-Richards.[3] It is explained that Ally regularly meets with him and he prescribes her medication, but after Ally witnesses the death of one of her employees, she stops attending, which concerns him, so he goes to visit her. While visiting, she shows him the gun that she borrowed to feel safe, which he expresses an obvious dislike to. It is later revealed that his real name is Vincent Anderson and that he is Kai and Winter's older brother.[2] He later meets with Ally, after having her hospitalized in the psych ward, to tell her that he believes everything she said about Kai forming a cult. He then reveals that he's Kai's brother and that he's planning to have him arrested. After, Ally uses that info to make a deal with Kai in exchange of her son, Oz. Kai then kidnaps and subsequently kills Rudy.[5]

text: Winter Anderson[edit]

text: Winter Anderson (portrayed by Billie Lourd) is a liberal college dropout and the younger sister of Kai Anderson, whom she has a very close bond with, shown by the pinkie truth hold, where she is honest with him whilst holding pinky fingers. Winter left school to campaign for Hillary Clinton, meeting Ivy during that time and helped her get payback on Gary K. Longstreet in an attempt to prevent him from voting for Trump. But when Trump won the election, her history of self-harm revealed, Winter honors his deal with Kai by joining his cult. She is forced by her brother to interview for the job of babysitting Ozzy Mayfair-Richards, secretly exposing the boy to horrible things that include videos of people being murdered and the Changs' murder.[3] Winter also gave Ivy the excuse she needed to leave Ally by convincing the latter to stop taking her medication and seduces her in the bathtub before running off when the power goes out.[1] Though Ivy defended her brother, later attempting to leave the cult to preserve what few remaining good impressions she had on him, Winter becomes the seventh member of the cult to die; being strangled to death by Kai after Ally set her up as the mole.[6]

text: Ivy Mayfair-Richards[edit]

text:
Ivy Mayfair-Richards (portrayed by Alison Pill) is a joint restaurant owner, with her wife Ally, and the mother of Ozzy.[3]
Despite appearing supportive, Ivy secretly resented Ally for bearing Ozzy and the perceived entitlement of her many phobias, only staying in the marriage for their son. But blaming Ally for costing them the election by not voting for Hillary Clinton, Ivy joined Kai's cult as its fifth member to whittle away at her sanity so she can have sole custody of Ozzy.[2] Ivy succeeds with help from Winter, who helped her pre-election to restrain Gary K. Longstreet after he sexually assaulted her.[7] But things do not go as planned as Ivy later becomes the fifth member of the cult to die after Ally had poisoned her wine and dinner with arsenic.[8] As far as everyone else was concerned, Ivy was assumed to have been murdered by Kai.

text: Supporting characters[edit]

text:
Ozymandias "Oz" Mayfair-Richards (portrayed by Cooper Dodson) is the young son of Ally and Ivy, and the charge of babysitter Winter. Despite his mother's wishes, he has an inclination towards clowns, and owns a comic book of Twisty (from Freak Show).[3] There is some tension between him and his mother, Ally, which is worsened by her growing paranoia and anxiety, as well as her strict rules. After Ivy leaves home with Oz, his relationship with Ally grows worse.[2]
Harrison and Meadow Wilton (portrayed by Billy Eichner and Leslie Grossman, respectively) were the eccentric couple who moves next door to the Mayfair-Richards residence. Despite his marital status, Harrison reveals that he is actually a homosexual. He made a pact with Meadow in high school, that if they were still single at 35, they would marry each other. He is a personal trainer and beekeeper, as well as a personal firearm owner who keeps a sizable collection of firearms in his home. Meadow used to work in pharmaceuticals, but after being diagnosed with melanoma, she quit her job and rarely spends time outside during the day. When she does go outside, she frequently wears hats, sunglasses, and carries around a parasol to protect herself. After not generating enough income to keep the mortgage, she fears homelessness. She is a fan of The Real Housewives and Nicole Kidman, and uses humor and superficiality to hide her emotions. After the election voting, Kai Anderson recruited both of them - he had been tracking Harrison and enrolled in his training sessions where he found that he was being unfairly treated by his boss, Vinny. After an implied sexual interaction with Kai, he murders Vinny and dismembers the body, making him the first member of Kai's cult. When his wife arrive home at their apartment and saw the men disembering his body, she became the second cult member and designer of the clown costumes to conceal the identities.[7] After murdering the Changs with the help of Kai and the other cult members, they settle in the residence posing as new neighbors. Although they were initially friendly to Ally and Ivy, the couple turn on them especially Ally, who was frequently called a racist by Meadow, after the death of Pedro. The couple each confides a ritual with Kai -  Harrison was resentful for marrying his wife and wishes she was dead while Meadow fears of being alone and unloved after her husband's affair with Detective Samuels. Therefore, she formed a bond with the cult leader instead and when Kai turned his attention to Ivy, Meadow was upset and attempted to leave but the cult began to toss her out and claimed she is worthless. Instead of execution, Kai gave her one last test of loyalty: to gain huge support from the public to vote him as councilman by staging an attempted assassination at the rally after gaining Ally's trust. After they buried her, Harrison returns to Kai's cult by imposing a fake arrest from the police behind Meadow's alleged murder. When Ally found Meadow in the ground, she rescued her and the latter reveals to Ally the existence of the cult and her wife's involvement. Upon arriving at the rally, Meadow shoots several people and injures Kai. Ally manages to wrestle the gun from her, but Meadow commits suicide by shooting herself in the mouth.[9] After learning about Harrison making sexist remarks, Winter, Ivy, and Beverly confront him at The Butchery on Main, where they knock him unconscious and tie him to a table in the butchery room. A short while later, Ivy dismembers him with a chainsaw, killing him.[10] Meadow was the second member of the cult to die, followed by Harrison, who was the third.
Beverly Hope (portrayed by Adina Porter) is a resentful broadcast newscaster whose rage caught Kai's eye as he murdered a young reporter named Serena to win her loyalty to join his cult as its third member under the promise of being the last person alive.[7] Beverly uses her position to ensure that Kai's running for city council and the shock value of their killings is on the public mind.[2] Beverly is approached by a woman Bebe Babbitt, who convinces her to go to her apartment. There, Babbitt tells Beverly that Kai is manipulating her and the other female cult members. Beverly then sets up a meeting with Winter and Ivy, who get convinced by Bebe's speech of feminism and lure Harrison to an alleged meeting and savagely murder him after learning that he made sexist remarks.[10] But after being placed in solitary confinement when Winter set her up for the death of Jack Samuels and then drinking what was assumed to be poisoned kool aid, Beverly broke down and became defeated. But it was only after the FBI raid on the cult, released without charges as the FBI assumed she was a victim rather than a member, Beverly became Ally's supporter and later killed Kai when he came to Ally's debate. For her performance, Porter was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Movie.
Detective Jack Samuels (portrayed by Colton Haynes) is a police officer who investigates many of the troubling situations that arise. He seemingly holds so Nazism beliefs, based on the Nazi memorabilia in his home. He meets Kai during a drug bust, but agrees to not arrest him if he receives a percentage of Kai's profits. One night, Samuels confides his relationship concerns with Kai, who suggests that he sleep with a man instead of a woman. Although Samuels insists he is not gay, he agrees to have sex with him. He is presumably inducted into the cult soon after. He is called upon to investigate the mysterious brutal attacks at the hands of clown-masked assailants, including Ally's alleged attack in a supermarket and the murder of the Chang family. Upon being questioned by Ally and Ivy, he postulates that the incident was a murder-suicide, and that there was no third party involved. He questioned Ally after she discovers the body of Roger, one of the employees at The Butchery, as well as her accidental shooting of another employee, Pedro. Kai persuades Samuels to participate in a threesome with him and Winter so that they can produce the new Messiah. Although he agrees with the ritual, he is unable to retain an erection, causing Winter to angrily object. Samuels later tries to rape Winter in attempt to carry on the ritual, only to end up the fourth cult member to die when Winter wrestled his gun away from him and shoots him in the head.[5]
Gary K. Longstreet (portrayed by Chaz Bono) is a local grocery cashier and Trump supporter. The day before the election he had gotten into an argument with Ivy at a political rally, resulting in him sexually assaulting her before being chased off by Winter. Winter and Ivy later kidnap him and handcuff him to a pole to deny him the chance to vote. However, Kai Anderson helps him free himself by giving him a saw. Gary saws his hand off and Kai leads him to the polling station, where he proudly votes for Trump before being rushed to the hospital. It is later shown that he had joined Kai's cult. He becomes the sixth member of the cult to die when Kai sacrifices him and leaves his dismembered body outside an abortion clinic.
Bob Thompson (portrayed by Dermot Mulroney) is a news anchor as well as Beverly and Serena's superior. Serena sexually uses him to get the job that she wants.[7] After Serena's, he keeps the video of her death under his responsibility and does not let anyone see it. Beverly insists that he publishes the material so people can know what's going on — and also because Kai ordered her to get the video. After deciding that Bob is jeopardizing the fear spread, Kai and Beverly gather members of the cult to kill him. During the act, they discover he has a sexual slave in his attic. They kill the gimp and Bob shortly after, much to Ivy's dismay.[2]
R.J. (portrayed by James Morosini) is a young cameraman who works with Beverly Hope. He joins Kai's cult and participates in the group's murders and acts of terror across the city, though he often vocalizes his unease with the killings, showing him to be more empathetic than his fellow members. Despite his involvement in the group, Kai seemingly dislikes him, and slaps him across the face after R.J. questions his motives. Beverly eventually convinces Kai that R.J. is a weak link who should be removed from the group. Kai agrees, and orders the other cult members to kill him, making each take a turn shooting a nail into his head with a nail gun. He is the first member of the cult to be killed.[2]

text: Minor characters[edit]

text:
Tom and Marilyn Chang (portrayed by Tim Kang and Nanrisa Lee, respectively) were the former neighbors of the Mayfair-Richards household. Tom was a member of the Brookfield Heights City Council who rejected Kai's speech of emphasizing fear, resulting in the brutal murder of himself and Marilyn at the hands of Kai's group with Oz made a witness to it.[3]
Pedro Morales (portrayed by Jorge-Luis Pallo) is the head chef at Ally and Ivy's restaurant, The Butchery on Main. Although Ally implies he is an immigrant, he states that he is actually from San Diego. He appears to have a good relationship with Ivy, and has been working at her restaurant since it opened. He gets involved in an escalated argument with another staffer, Roger, who displays some racist tendencies against people of Hispanic descent. Shortly after, Roger is murdered, and Pedro becomes a person of interest in the case due to their recent argument. During an unexpected blackout, Ivy sends him to her home to give Ally a charger as well as some supplies, though when he arrives, Ally shoots him dead, believing him to be a home intruder.[1]
Roger (portrayed by Zack Ward) is an employee at The Butchery on Main. He appears to display some racist tendencies, getting into an argument with a Hispanic coworker, Pedro. Shortly after, he is found dead by Ally in the meat locker of the restaurant.[11]
Rosie (portrayed by Laura Allen) is a patient of Dr. Vincent who is dealing with trauma from being frequently locked in a cupboard by her father as a child. Due to this, she developed a fear of enclosed spaces, particularly coffins, which is triggered any time she has sex with her husband, Mark. After the death of her father, and with the treatment she received from Dr. Vincent, she managed to control her fear. But Rosie and her husband are ambushed in their home shortly after by Kai's group, locked in arranged coffins and left to die as their decomposed bodies are found a few weeks after.
Mark (portrayed by Ron Melendez) is Rosie's husband. He and his wife are attacked by a group of clown assailants in their home, and they are both locked in coffins and left to die.
Vincenzo "Vinny" Ravoli (portrayed by T.J. Hoban) was a personal trainer and the boss of Harrison. He treated Harrison unfairly and Kai saw this. This led to Kai manipulating Harrison to murder Vinny with weights. Kai then taught Harrison how to dismember the body and discard the body parts.[7]
Serena Belinda (portrayed by Emma Roberts) was a young broadcast newscaster who is a rival to reporter Beverly Hope. Serena uses her femininity and sexuality to accomplish her career goals. She aims to work at The Today Show. She and her cameraman are murdered by clowns under the orders of Kai, who did it to persuade Beverly Hope to enter his cult.[7]
Cole (portrayed by Bill Parks) was the cameraman for Serena Belinda who helps the news reporter despite her attitude off-camera. Cole was killed by Kai and his clowns when he attempted to help Serena who was murdered as well.
Sally Keffler (portrayed by Mare Winningham) is a member of city council who opposites Kai's method of insert fear on population. She decides to run against Kai at the last minute, planning to send in her name during the polls. Later at her home, she is visited by Ally who tells her that Kai is a part of the clown cult. Sally believes her and continues to speak to her, up until the cult breaks into Sally's home. Sally is cornered by the clowns, and Kai reveals himself to her as he writes a suicide note on her Facebook account. Shortly thereafter, he shoots Sally in the chest, staging her death as a suicide.[9]
Valerie Solanas (portrayed by Lena Dunham) was a radical American feminist who wrote the SCUM Manifesto and attempted to kill Andy Warhol on June 2, 1968, due to his indifference over rejecting her script.[12] But what the public is unaware is that Solanas founded a legion of female occultists with full intention to overthrow male oppression, her attempted murder on Warhol and incarceration in an asylum being a signal for her followers murder various men along with compliant women. But one of the few gay male members took credit for the serial killings under the alias of the Zodiac Killer. Once released three years later, Solanas's behavior gradually disillusions her followers as they abandoned her as she eventually died while having a pneumonia-based hallucination of Warhol. Dunham's performance divided opinions from critics regarding her portrayal of the character.
Andy Warhol (portrayed by Evan Peters) was an American artist who rejected a script written by Valerie Solanas, which made her angry, thus leading her to attempt to assassinate him.[13]
Bebe Babbitt (portrayed by Frances Conroy and Lyla Porter-Follows) is a woman who was romantically involved with Solanas and led SCUM in carrying out the 1960s murders which the public would credit to the Zodiac Killer. Years later, Babbitt became Kai's anger therapist as she played a role in enticing him to political power as a means to unleash female rage. But when stirring Beverly, Winter, and Ivy to act out their rage on Harris, Babbitt learns that Kai has no intent to be a martyr for her cause and is killed by Ally when she attempted to kill Kai.[6]
Hedda (portrayed by Jamie Brewer) is one of the followers of Valerie Solanas. She was abandoned and orphaned as a child.[10] She and the other women later abandoned Solanas because of her behavior.
Butchy May (portrayed by Dot-Marie Jones) joined SCUM whilst on the run from the police for murdering a man.[10] She and the other women later abandoned Solanas because of her behavior.
Pastor Charles (portrayed by Rick Springfield) was an ultra-conservative minister who punished those he considered sinners, such as drug addicts, homosexuals and women who had abortions. On October 2015, his wrongdoings were intercepted by Kai and Winter Anderson who rescued his victims from further torture and entrapped him in one of his own devices, killing him. His death would have a significant mental scarring on Kai, who would soon after begin to see the world as a place where not everyone can be saved.
Dorothy (portrayed by Cathy Marks) is one of Winter Anderson's friends. On October 19, 2016, she, Winter and Riley watch and discuss the final US Presidential debate in the Anderson's basement until Winter's brother Kai intervenes by talking about Donald Trump's likelihood of becoming the next president. After witnessing Kai slapping Riley in the face in rage, Riley angrily storms out, causing her to follow Riley and leaves.
Riley (portrayed by Sarah Yarkin) is one of Winter Anderson's friends. On October 19, 2016, while she, Winter and Dorothy watch and discuss the final US Presidential debate in the Anderson's basement, Winter's brother Kai intervenes by talking about Donald Trump's likelihood of becoming the next president, this causes her to get into a verbal argument with him. After she insults him, Kai slaps her in the face in rage, causing her to angrily storm out and later press charges against him.
Sharon Tate (portrayed by Rachel Roberts) was an American actress and model. She was brutally murdered by Charles Manson's family members, Tex Watson, Susan Atkins, Patricia Krenwinkel and Linda Kasabian.
Herbert Jackson (portrayed by Dennis Cockrum) is a political adversary to Ally's campaign who he is running for senate.
Erika (portrayed by Annie Ilonzeh) is Ally's new girlfriend. She also works for Ally as the new Chef at the Butchery on Maine. She later supported her girlfriend along with Ally's son Oz and Beverly Hope for Ally's Michigan State Senate campaign.
Trevor Geary (portrayed by Ian Bamberg) was a 19 year old prisoner who was sentenced 25 years to life in Robert Gordon Maximum Security Prison after he killed a child in his father's Tesla while driving under the influence. Instead of calling the police of what he had done, he dumped the child's corpse in a reservoir out of fear that he would go to jail for the rest of his life if anyone found out. He meets Kai Anderson in the prison yard and they engage in pinky-power, after he confessed everything to Kai and asks him for protection, Kai calls him a coward for killing the child but is willing to take him under his wing. Later Trevor (now sporting a shaved head, matching tattoos like Kai's and adapting the nickname Rimshot) meets up with Kai and security guard Gloria Whitmore in the prison laundry. He begs Kai to escape with him out of fear that he will die in prison without him. Kai, however, fatally stabs him, mutilating his face with Gloria's help so that he can pass as his body double. Police later found his mutilated body and mistaken him as Kai, unaware that the real Kai actually escaped.


document_title: Naismith College Player of the Year

question_text: ncaa basketball national player of the year 2018

text: Naismith College Player of the Year

text: History and selection[edit]

text: First awarded exclusively to male players in 1969, the award was expanded to include female players in 1983. Annually before the college season begins in November, a "watchlist" consisting of 50 players is chosen by the Atlanta Tipoff Club board of selectors, comprising head coaches, administrators and media members from across the United States. By February, the list of nominees is narrowed down to 30 players based on performance. In March, four out of the 30 players are selected as finalists and are placed in the final ballot. The final winners are selected in April by both the board of selectors and fan voting via text messaging.[1][2] The winners receive the Naismith Trophy.

text: Since its beginning in 1969, the trophy has been awarded to 42 male and 23 female players. Lew Alcindor of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Anne Donovan of Old Dominion University were the first winners, respectively. Bill Walton of UCLA and Ralph Sampson of the University of Virginia have been the only men to win this award multiple times, with both winning three times. Eight women in all have won this award multiple times. Cheryl Miller of the University of Southern California and Breanna Stewart of the University of Connecticut are the only three-times winners, while seven others won it twice: Clarissa Davis of the University of Texas, Dawn Staley of the University of Virginia, Chamique Holdsclaw of the University of Tennessee, Diana Taurasi and Maya Moore of the University of Connecticut, Seimone Augustus of Louisiana State University, and Brittney Griner of Baylor University. Davis and Moore are the only ones of either sex to have won multiple times in non-consecutive years.

text: Two award winners were born in United States territories:

text:
Alfred "Butch" Lee, who was born in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and
Tim Duncan, who was born in the U.S. Virgin Islands.

text: The only three award winners who have been born outside the jurisdiction of the United States were:

text:
Andrew Bogut, born in Melbourne, Australia.
Patrick Ewing, born in Kingston, Jamaica.
Buddy Hield, born in Freeport, Bahamas.

text: Three of these players were developed at least partially in the U.S. proper—Lee was raised in Harlem from early childhood, Ewing immigrated to the Boston area at age 12, and Hield attended high school in suburban Wichita, Kansas. Duncan did not move to the U.S. proper until he arrived at Wake Forest University, and Bogut lived in Australia until his arrival at the University of Utah.

text: Duke has had the most male winners with seven, while the Connecticut has had the most female winners, with ten awards won by six individuals. The award has been won by a freshman twice: Kevin Durant playing for Texas in 2007, and in 2012 by Anthony Davis of Kentucky.

text: Winners[edit]

text:
*
Denotes players inducted to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Player (X)
Denotes the number of times the player has won the award

tag: table

text: Men[edit]

text:
Men

Year
Player
College
Position
Class

1969
Alcindor, LewLew Alcindor*
UCLA
Center
4 !Senior

1970
Maravich, PetePete Maravich*
LSU
Guard
4 !Senior

1971
Carr, AustinAustin Carr
Notre Dame
Guard
4 !Senior

1972
Walton, BillBill Walton*
UCLA
Center
2 !Sophomore

1973
Walton, BillBill Walton* (2)
UCLA
Center
3 !Junior

1974
Walton, BillBill Walton* (3)
UCLA
Center
4 !Senior

1975
Thompson, DavidDavid Thompson*
N.C. State
Guard
4 !Senior

1976
May, ScottScott May
Indiana
Forward
4 !Senior

1977
Johnson, MarquesMarques Johnson
UCLA
Forward
4 !Senior

1978
Lee, ButchButch Lee
Marquette
Guard
4 !Senior

1979
Bird, LarryLarry Bird*
Indiana State
Forward
4 !Senior

1980
Aguirre, MarkMark Aguirre
DePaul
Forward
2 !Sophomore

1981
Sampson, RalphRalph Sampson*
Virginia
Center
2 !Sophomore

1982
Sampson, RalphRalph Sampson* (2)
Virginia
Center
3 !Junior

1983
Sampson, RalphRalph Sampson* (3)
Virginia
Center
4 !Senior

1984
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
North Carolina
Guard
3 !Junior

1985
Ewing, PatrickPatrick Ewing*
Georgetown
Center
4 !Senior

1986
Dawkins, JohnnyJohnny Dawkins
Duke
Guard
4 !Senior

1987
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
Navy
Center
4 !Senior

1988
Manning, DannyDanny Manning
Kansas
Forward
4 !Senior

1989
Ferry, DannyDanny Ferry
Duke
Forward
4 !Senior

1990
Simmons, LionelLionel Simmons
La Salle
Forward
4 !Senior

1991
Johnson, LarryLarry Johnson
UNLV
Forward
4 !Senior

1992
Laettner, ChristianChristian Laettner
Duke
Forward
4 !Senior

1993
Cheaney, CalbertCalbert Cheaney
Indiana
Guard
4 !Senior

1994
Robinson, GlennGlenn Robinson
Purdue
Forward
3 !Junior

1995
Smith, JoeJoe Smith
Maryland
Forward
2 !Sophomore

1996
Camby, MarcusMarcus Camby
Massachusetts
Center
3 !Junior

1997
Duncan, TimTim Duncan
Wake Forest
Center
4 !Senior

1998
Jamison, AntawnAntawn Jamison
North Carolina
Forward
3 !Junior

1999
Brand, EltonElton Brand
Duke
Forward
2 !Sophomore

2000
Martin, KenyonKenyon Martin
Cincinnati
Forward
4 !Senior

2001
Battier, ShaneShane Battier
Duke
Forward
4 !Senior

2002
Williams, JasonJason Williams
Duke
Guard
3 !Junior

2003
Ford, T. J.T. J. Ford
Texas
Guard
2 !Sophomore

2004
Nelson, JameerJameer Nelson
Saint Joseph's
Guard
4 !Senior

2005
Bogut, AndrewAndrew Bogut
Utah
Center
2 !Sophomore

2006
Redick, J. J.J. J. Redick
Duke
Guard
4 !Senior[3]

2007
Durant, KevinKevin Durant
Texas
Forward
1 !Freshman[4]

2008
Hansbrough, TylerTyler Hansbrough
North Carolina
Forward
3 !Junior[5]

2009
Griffin, BlakeBlake Griffin
Oklahoma
Forward
2 !Sophomore[6]

2010
Turner, EvanEvan Turner
Ohio State
Guard
3 !Junior[7]

2011
Fredette, JimmerJimmer Fredette
Brigham Young
Guard
4 !Senior

2012
Davis, AnthonyAnthony Davis
Kentucky
Center
1 !Freshman

2013
Burke, TreyTrey Burke
Michigan
Guard
2 !Sophomore

2014
McDermott, DougDoug McDermott
Creighton
Forward
4 !Senior

2015
Kaminsky, FrankFrank Kaminsky
Wisconsin
Forward
4 !Senior

2016
Hield, BuddyBuddy Hield
Oklahoma
Guard
4 !Senior

2017
Mason III, FrankFrank Mason III
Kansas
Guard
4 !Senior

2018
Brunson, JalenJalen Brunson
Villanova
Guard
3 !Junior

text: Women[edit]

text:
Women

Year
Player
College
Position
Class

1983
Donovan, AnneAnne Donovan*[8]
Old Dominion
Center
4 !Senior

1984
Miller, CherylCheryl Miller*[9]
USC
Forward/Center
2 !Sophomore

1985
Miller, CherylCheryl Miller* (2)[9]
USC
Forward/Center
3 !Junior

1986
Miller, CherylCheryl Miller* (3)[9]
USC
Forward/Center
4 !Senior

1987
Davis, ClarissaClarissa Davis[10]
Texas
Forward
2 !Sophomore

1988
Wicks, SueSue Wicks[11]
Rutgers
Forward
4 !Senior

1989
Davis, ClarissaClarissa Davis (2)[12]
Texas
Forward
4 !Senior

1990
Azzi, JenniferJennifer Azzi[13]
Stanford
Guard
4 !Senior

1991
Staley, DawnDawn Staley*[14]
Virginia
Point guard
3 !Junior

1992
Staley, DawnDawn Staley* (2)[14]
Virginia
Point guard
4 !Senior

1993
Swoopes, SherylSheryl Swoopes*[15]
Texas Tech
Guard/Forward
4 !Senior

1994
Leslie, LisaLisa Leslie*[16]
USC
Center
4 !Senior

1995
Lobo, RebeccaRebecca Lobo*[17]
Connecticut
Center
4 !Senior

1996
Roundtree, SaudiaSaudia Roundtree[18]
Georgia
Guard
3 !Junior

1997
Starbird, KateKate Starbird[19]
Stanford
Forward
4 !Senior

1998
Holdsclaw, ChamiqueChamique Holdsclaw[20]
Tennessee
Forward
3 !Junior

1999
Holdsclaw, ChamiqueChamique Holdsclaw (2)[20]
Tennessee
Forward
4 !Senior

2000
Catchings, TamikaTamika Catchings[21]
Tennessee
Forward
3 !Junior

2001
Riley, RuthRuth Riley[22]
Notre Dame
Center
4 !Senior

2002
Bird, SueSue Bird[23]
Connecticut
Guard
4 !Senior

2003
Taurasi, DianaDiana Taurasi[24]
Connecticut
Guard
3 !Junior

2004
Taurasi, DianaDiana Taurasi (2)[24]
Connecticut
Guard
4 !Senior

2005
Augustus, SeimoneSeimone Augustus[25]
LSU
Guard/Forward
3 !Junior

2006
Augustus, SeimoneSeimone Augustus (2)[25]
LSU
Guard/Forward
4 !Senior

2007
Harding, LindseyLindsey Harding[26]
Duke
Point guard
4 !Senior

2008
Parker, CandaceCandace Parker[27]
Tennessee
Forward
3 !Junior

2009
Moore, MayaMaya Moore[24]
Connecticut
Forward
2 !Sophomore

2010
Charles, TinaTina Charles[28]
Connecticut
Center
4 !Senior

2011
Moore, MayaMaya Moore (2)[24]
Connecticut
Forward
4 !Senior

2012
Griner, BrittneyBrittney Griner[29]
Baylor
Center
3 !Junior

2013
Griner, BrittneyBrittney Griner (2)[30]
Baylor
Center
4 !Senior

2014
Stewart, BreannaBreanna Stewart[24]
Connecticut
Forward
2 !Sophomore

2015
Stewart, BreannaBreanna Stewart (2)[24]
Connecticut
Forward
3 !Junior

2016
Stewart, BreannaBreanna Stewart (3)[24]
Connecticut
Forward
4 !Senior

2017
Plum, KelseyKelsey Plum
Washington
Point guard
4 !Senior

2018
Wilson, A'jaA'ja Wilson[31]
South Carolina
Forward
4 !Senior


document_title: Family Guy (season 16)

question_text: when does the new season of family guy start

text: Family Guy (season 16)

text:
Family Guy (season 16)

Cover art for digital downloads

Starring

Seth MacFarlane
Alex Borstein
Seth Green
Mila Kunis
Mike Henry

Country of origin
United States

Release

Original network
Fox

Original release
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01) – present

Season chronology

← Previous
Season 15

List of Family Guy episodes

text: Family Guy's sixteenth season premiered on Fox in the United States on October 1, 2017.[1]

text: The series follows the dysfunctional Griffin family, consisting of father Peter, mother Lois, daughter Meg, son Chris, baby Stewie, and the family dog Brian, who reside in their hometown of Quahog. The executive producers for the sixteenth production season are Seth MacFarlane, Richard Appel, Alec Sulkin, Steve Callaghan, Danny Smith, and Kara Vallow. Sulkin returns after a two-season absence as the new showrunner for the series, replacing previous showrunner Callaghan. Appel will continue to serve as showrunner alongside Sulkin.

text: The season will feature guest appearances from Danny Trejo, Ian McKellen, Kristen Bell, Louis C.K., Bill Maher, and Modern Family cast members Ty Burrell, Julie Bowen and Sofía Vergara.[2][3]

text: The season also marks the final appearances of Adam West and Carrie Fisher following their deaths, as well as the show's 300th episode ("Dog Bites Bear").[4] During this season, Brian is kicked out of the Griffin house in a three-episode story arc after he posts a tweet that angers Quahog ("The D in Apartment 23", "Petey IV", "Crimes and Meg's Demeanor"). Also, Stewie explores his fear of loneliness ("Send in Stewie, Please"), Brian and Stewie solve a mystery in a Sherlock Holmes parody ("V Is for Mystery"), the brewery will be headed by a husband and wife (voiced by Bryan Cranston and Niecy Nash) with the return of Pawtucket Pat, and Meg may come out as a lesbian.[5]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

290
1
"Emmy-Winning Episode"
James Purdum
Dominic Bianchi
Peter Shin
Aaron Lee
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
FACX06
2.80[6]

Peter goes out of his way to earn an Emmy win after getting fed up with not being nominated. He tries to make Family Guy more like several Emmy-nominated television shows, including Modern Family and Transparent.

291
2
"Foxx in the Men House"
Brian Iles
Andrew Goldberg
October 8, 2017 (2017-10-08)
EACX20
3.05[7]

After being wobbly-legged upon sitting on the toilet in the girls' bathroom and hitting his head on the counter, Peter meets a paramedic named Stryker Foxx (voiced by Chris Diamantopoulos), who tended to his injury. He later dumps Quagmire, Cleveland and Joe as friends, due to his friendship with Stryker giving him inflated self-esteem. Later on, Peter comes to realize he does not have the strength to do the physical activities that Stryker wants to do.

292
3
"Nanny Goats"
Steve Robertson
Tom Devanney
October 15, 2017 (2017-10-15)
FACX02
2.54[8]

Lois' mother, Barbara, hires a nanny for the Griffin family when she gets displeased with recent living arrangements for the kids. This enables Peter and Lois to reconnect with their love.

293
4
"Follow the Money"
Mike Kim
Kevin Biggins
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)
EACX15
2.69[9]

Chris receives a dollar for his birthday from Carter and loses it at the same time, only to realize it is a rare dollar. Chris and Carter begin an adventure to find the dollar, as it's being passed by every citizen of Quahog.

294
5
"Three Directors"
Joe Vaux
Travis Bowe
November 5, 2017 (2017-11-05)
EACX18
2.31[10]

The story of Peter's firing from the Pawtucket Brewery, as told in the directorial styles of Quentin Tarantino, Wes Anderson, and Michael Bay.

295
6
"The D in Apartment 23"
Julius Wu
Artie Johann
November 12, 2017 (2017-11-12)
FACX03
3.11[11]

After Brian posts a tweet on Twitter involving Baywatch and Ride Along 3 that is deemed racist, it goes viral and the Griffins become social pariahs, prompting them to kick Brian out of the house and into an apartment run by Lou Spinazola.

296
7
"Petey IV"
Mike Kim
Anthony Blasucci
November 19, 2017 (2017-11-19)
FACX04
2.08[12]

Vladimir Putin visits Quahog after Peter writes an email to him about the ending to a Russian bootleg version of Rocky IV. Meanwhile, in light of moving out, Brian gets a job at a suicide hotline center to obtain some money to pay the rent to Lou Spinazola, where he falls for his co-worker, Martha (voiced by Kristen Bell).

297
8
"Crimes and Meg's Demeanor"
Greg Colton
Mike Desilets
December 3, 2017 (2017-12-03)
FACX05
2.59[13]

Meg takes up drinking at a high school party, which both concerns and delights Peter. Meanwhile, while recovering from a leg injury following the incident in the last episode, Brian suspects that Principal Shepherd has murdered his wife and enlists Stewie to help him out.

298
9
"Don't Be a Dickens at Christmas"
Jerry Langford
Danny Smith
December 10, 2017 (2017-12-10)
FACX07
2.98[14]

In a play on Charles Dickens' A Christmas Carol, Peter takes a journey around Quahog with the ghost of Patrick Swayze (voiced by Don Swayze) after he loses his Christmas spirit.

299
10
"Boy (Dog) Meets Girl (Dog)"
Brian Iles
Steve Callaghan
January 7, 2018 (2018-01-07)
FACX09
3.40[15]

After Brian falls in love with Ellie (voiced by Amanda Seyfried), a female show dog, he enters a dog show competition, where the winner will get to breed with her. Meanwhile, Peter and Lois attempt to convince Chris that "Arthur Valentine" is not real.

300
11
"Dog Bites Bear"
John Holmquist
Cherry Chevapravatdumrong
January 14, 2018 (2018-01-14)
FACX01
4.10[16]

Brian and Stewie's friendship is put to the test after Brian mutilates Stewie's teddy bear, Rupert. Meanwhile, Peter meets his favorite cereal mascot, Boo Berry, and refuses to wash his right hand after shaking it with him.

301
12
"Send in Stewie, Please"
Joe Vaux
Gary Janetti
March 18, 2018 (2018-03-18)
FACX10
2.24[17]

When Stewie gets sent to see his school's child psychologist Dr. Cecil Pritchfield (voiced by Ian McKellen) for a surprising session, he reveals major secrets about himself.
Note: This episode premiered on Fox without commercial interruption due to a sponsorship agreement with Sony Interactive Entertainment for their PlayStation 4 game, God of War, who was the sole advertiser at the end of the episode.

302
13
"V Is for Mystery"
Joseph Lee
David A. Goodman
March 25, 2018 (2018-03-25)
FACX08
1.91[18]

In a parody of Sherlock Holmes, the episode depicts Sherlock Holmes (portrayed by Stewie) and Dr. Watson (portrayed by Brian) as they embark on solving a string of murder mysteries.

303
14
"Veteran Guy"
John Holmquist
Patrick Meighan
April 1, 2018 (2018-04-01)
FACX11
2.05[19]

Peter impersonates a veteran after buying a cap with the name USS Nathan James on it, annoying Quagmire (who is a veteran).

304
15
"The Woof of Wall Street"
Steve Robertson
Alex Carter
April 8, 2018 (2018-04-08)
FACX12
1.93[20]

Stewie teaches Brian how to invest in the stock market. Meanwhile, Peter, Joe, Cleveland, and Quagmire look after the Drunken Clam while Jerome is away.

305
16
"Family Guy Through the Years"[21]
TBA
TBA
April 22, 2018 (2018-04-22)
FACX13
TBD

306
17
"Switch the Flip"[22]
TBA
TBA
April 29, 2018 (2018-04-29)
FACX14
TBD

Stewie uses one of his inventions to swap bodies with Brian so he can help him get his life in order.

307
18
"HTTPete"[23]
Greg Colton
Damien Fahey
May 6, 2018 (2018-05-06)
FACX15
TBD

308
19
"The Unkindest Cut"[24]
TBA
TBA
May 13, 2018 (2018-05-13)
FACX16
TBD


document_title: Flag of Cambodia

question_text: which world heritage site appears on the flag of cambodia

text: Flag of Cambodia

text: Symbolism[edit]

text:
Symbols
Meaning
People

Angkor Wat
Integrity, Justice and Heritage
Religion

Blue
Liberty, Cooperation and Brotherhood
King

Red
Bravery
Nation

text: Royal standard[edit]

text:
Royal Standard of the King of Cambodia

Adopted
1993

Design
azure, the royal arms or

text: The Royal Standard of the King of Cambodia (Khmer: ទង់ព្រះមហាក្សត្រ; literally, "King's Flag") is the personal flag of the Cambodian monarch. It was officially adopted in 1993, but its initial use dates back to 1941. It is also considered among the national symbols of Cambodia.

text: Historical national flags[edit]

text:
Flag
Duration
Use

Pre-1863
Flag of the Khmer Empire

1863 – 1948
Flag of the Kingdom of Cambodia during the French protectorate (1863 - 1941, 1945 - 1948) and the Japanese occupation (1941 - 1945).

Claimed to be from March–October 1945
Dubious claimed flag of Cambodia during the Japanese occupation of Cambodia[1]

1948–1970, 1993–present
Flag of the Kingdom of Cambodia during the French protectorate (1948 – 1953) and after independence from France (1953 – 1970) and since the restoration of the monarchy in 1993.

1970–1975
Flag of the Khmer Republic

1975–1976, 1990-1993
Flag of Democratic Kampuchea and National Government of Cambodia

1976–1992
Flag of Democratic Kampuchea and Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea

1979–1989
Flag of the People's Republic of Kampuchea

1989–1991
Flag of the State of Cambodia[2]

1992–1993
Flag of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC)


document_title: Cecum

question_text: where do the small and large intestines meet

text: Cecum

text: Structure[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The cecum and appendix are formed by the enlargement of the postarterial segment of the midgut loop. The proximal part of the bud grows rapidly to form the cecum. The lateral wall of the cecum grows much more rapidly than the medial wall, with the result that the point of attachment of the appendix comes to lie on the medial side.[citation needed]

text: History[edit]

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The term cecum comes from the Latin caecum, literally "blind", here in the sense "blind gut" or "cul de sac".[citation needed]

text: In dissections by the Greek philosophers, the connection between the ileum of the small intestines and the cecum was not fully understood. Most of the studies of the digestive tract were done on animals and the results were compared to human structures.[citation needed]

text: The junction between the small intestine and the colon, called the ileocecal valve, is so small in some animals that it was not considered to be a connection between the small and large intestines. During a dissection, the colon could be traced from the rectum, to the sigmoid colon, through the descending, transverse, and ascending sections. The cecum is an end point for the colon with a dead-end portion terminating with the appendix.[2]

text: The connection between the end of the small intestine (ileum) and the start (as viewed from the perspective of food being processed) of the colon (cecum) is now clearly understood, and is called the ileocolic orifice. The connection between the end of the cecum and the beginning of the ascending colon is called the cecocolic orifice.

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: A cecal carcinoid tumor is a carcinoid tumor of the cecum. An appendiceal carcinoid tumor (a carcinoid tumor of the appendix) is sometimes found next to a cecal carcinoid.[citation needed]

text: In animals[edit]

text: A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian. In reptiles, it is usually a single median structure, arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine. Birds typically have two paired ceca, as, unlike other mammals, do hyraxes.[3] Parrots do not have ceca.[4]

text: Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum, hosting a large number of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose; in many species, it is considerably wider than the colon. In contrast, obligatory carnivores, whose diets contain little or no plant material, have a reduced cecum, which is often partially or wholly replaced by the appendix.[3] Mammalian species which do not develop a cecum include raccoons, bears, and the red panda. Over 99% of the bacteria in the gut flora are anaerobes,[5][6][7][8][9] but in the cecum, aerobic bacteria reach high densities.[5]

text: Many fish have a number of small outpocketings, called pyloric ceca, along their intestine; despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes, and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium.[3] Some invertebrates, such as squid,[10] may also have structures with the same name, but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates.

text: Additional images[edit]

text:
Illustration of the large intestine

Diagram of human gastrointestinal tract

Cecum and ileum

Ileo-cecal valve

Cecum

Ileocecal orifice

Location of McBurney's point (#1)

The superior mesenteric artery and its branches

Arteries of cecum and vermiform process

Inferior ileocecal fossa

Interior of the cecum and lower end of ascending colon, showing colic valve

Topography of thoracic and abdominal viscera

Endoscopic image of cecum with arrow pointing to ileocecal valve in foreground