document_title: Economy of Japan

question_text: why japan has little natural resources of industrial goods

question_tokens: why japan has little natural resources of industrial goods

text: Economy of Japan

text: Overview of economy[edit]

text: In the three decades of economic development following 1960, Japan ignored defense spending in favor of economic growth,[40][41] thus allowing for a rapid economic growth referred to as the Japanese post-war economic miracle. By the guidance of Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry,[42] with average growth rates of 10% in the 1960s, 5% in the 1970s, and 4% in the 1980s, Japan was able to establish and maintain itself as the world's second largest economy from 1978 until 2010, when it was surpassed by the People's Republic of China. By 1990, income per capita in Japan equalled or surpassed that in most countries in the West.[43]

text: However, in the second half of the 1980s, rising stock and real estate prices caused the economic bubble to the Japanese economy by Bank of Japan. The economic bubble came to an abrupt end as the Tokyo Stock Exchange crashed in 1990–92 and real estate prices peaked in 1991. Growth in Japan throughout the 1990s at 1.5% was slower than growth in other major developed economies, giving rise to the term Lost Decade. After another decade of low growth rate, the term became the Lost 20 Years. Nonetheless, GDP per capita growth from 2001 to 2010 has still managed to outpace Europe and the United States.[44]

text: Although 1.0% annual GDP growth is considered an aberration, Theodore Breton shows that this is the expected growth rate for a country with a shrinking work force and rates of investment in physical and human capital that have not increased since the 1970s.[45] His analysis indicates that Japan has converged on its steady-state growth rate.

text: With this low growth rate, national debt of Japan is difficult for the government to manage due to its considerable social welfare spending related to an aging society.[34][35][46] The scenario of "Abandoned homes" continues to spread from rural areas to urban areas in Japan.[47][48][49][50][51] The Japanese economy rebounded under Junichirō Koizumi by acting against bad debts with commercial banks and privatizing the postal savings system. Abenomics has thus far given the economy of Japan a low and unsteady growth rate.[52]

text: The ICT industry has generated the major outputs to the Japanese economy.[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] Japan is the second largest music market in the world (for more, see Japan Hot 100).[63] Manga cafe business expands to 2000 stores nationwide in Japan in 2002.[64][65] With fewer children in the aging Japan, Japanese anime industry is facing growing Chinese competition in the targeted Chinese market.[66] Japanese manga industry (from the Japanese manga (and anime) profession[67][68]) enjoys popularity in most of the Asian markets.[69] And anime industry share in Japan GDP has exceeded 10 percent.[70] Local gourmets of 47 Prefectures of Japan are guided and promoted by Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan).[71] Japan Cup in the Tokyo Racecourse is one of the richest horse racing in the world.[72]

text: A mountainous, volcanic island country, Japan has inadequate natural resources to support its growing economy and large population, and therefore exports goods in which it has a comparative advantage such as engineering-oriented, research and development-led industrial products in exchange for the import of raw materials and petroleum. Japan is among the top-three importers for agricultural products in the world next to the European Union and United States in total volume for covering of its own domestic agricultural consumption.[73] Japan is the world's largest single national importer of fish and fishery products.[74][75][76][77][78] Tokyo Metropolitan Central Wholesale Market[79][80] is the largest wholesale market for primary products in Japan, including the renowned Tsukiji fish market.[81][82] Japanese whaling, ostensibly for research purposes, has been sued as illegal under international law.

text: Although many kinds of minerals were extracted throughout the country, most mineral resources had to be imported in the postwar era. Local deposits of metal-bearing ores were difficult to process because they were low grade. The nation's large and varied forest resources, which covered 70 percent of the country in the late 1980s, were not utilized extensively. Because of political decisions on local, prefectural, and national levels, Japan decided not to exploit its forest resources for economic gain. Domestic sources only supplied between 25 and 30 percent of the nation's timber needs. Agriculture and fishing were the best developed resources, but only through years of painstaking investment and toil. The nation therefore built up the manufacturing and processing industries to convert raw materials imported from abroad. This strategy of economic development necessitated the establishment of a strong economic infrastructure to provide the needed energy, transportation, communications, and technological know-how.

text: Deposits of gold, magnesium, and silver meet current industrial demands, but Japan is dependent on foreign sources for many of the minerals essential to modern industry. Iron ore, copper, bauxite, and alumina must be imported, as well as many forest products.

text: Economic history[edit]

text: The economic history of Japan is one of the most studied economies for its spectacular growth in three different periods. First was the foundation of Edo (in 1603) to whole inland economical developments, second was the Meiji Restoration (in 1868) to be the first non-European power, third was after the defeat of World War II (in 1945) when the island nation rose to become the world's second largest economy.

text: First contacts with Europe (16th century)[edit]

text: Japan was considered as a country rich in precious metals, mainly owing to Marco Polo's accounts of gilded temples and palaces, but also due to the relative abundance of surface ores characteristic of a massive huge volcanic country, before large-scale deep-mining became possible in Industrial times.[83] Japan was to become a major exporter of silver, copper, and gold during the period until exports for those minerals were banned.[84]

text: Renaissance Japan was also perceived as a sophisticated feudal society with a high culture and a strong pre-industrial technology. It was densely populated and urbanized. Prominent European observers of the time seemed to agree that the Japanese "excel not only all the other Oriental peoples, they surpass the Europeans as well" (Alessandro Valignano, 1584, "Historia del Principo y Progresso de la Compania de Jesus en las Indias Orientales).

text: Early European visitors were amazed by the quality of Japanese craftsmanship and metalsmithing. This stems from the fact that Japan itself is rather rich in natural resources found commonly in Europe, especially iron.

text: The cargo of the first Portuguese ships (usually about 4 smaller-sized ships every year) arriving in Japan almost entirely consisted of Chinese goods (silk, porcelain). The Japanese were very much looking forward to acquiring such goods, but had been prohibited from any contacts with the Emperor of China, as a punishment for Wakō pirate raids. The Portuguese (who were called Nanban, lit. Southern Barbarians) therefore found the opportunity to act as intermediaries in Asian trade.

text: Edo period (1603–1868)[edit]

text: The beginning of the Edo period coincides with the last decades of the Nanban trade period, during which intense interaction with European powers, on the economic and religious plane, took place. It is at the beginning of the Edo period that Japan built her first ocean-going Western-style warships, such as the San Juan Bautista, a 500-ton galleon-type ship that transported a Japanese embassy headed by Hasekura Tsunenaga to the Americas, which then continued to Europe. Also during that period, the bakufu commissioned around 350 Red Seal Ships, three-masted and armed trade ships, for intra-Asian commerce. Japanese adventurers, such as Yamada Nagamasa, were active throughout Asia.

text: In order to eradicate the influence of Christianization, Japan entered in a period of isolation called sakoku, during which its economy enjoyed stability and mild progress.[citation needed]

text: Economic development during the Edo period included urbanization, increased shipping of commodities, a significant expansion of domestic and, initially, foreign commerce, and a diffusion of trade and handicraft industries. The construction trades flourished, along with banking facilities and merchant associations. Increasingly, han authorities oversaw the rising agricultural production and the spread of rural handicrafts.

text: By the mid-eighteenth century, Edo had a population of more than 1 million and Osaka and Kyoto each had more than 400,000 inhabitants. Many other castle towns grew as well. Osaka and Kyoto became busy trading and handicraft production centers, while Edo was the center for the supply of food and essential urban consumer goods.

text: Rice was the base of the economy, as the daimyo collected the taxes from the peasants in the form of rice. Taxes were high, about 40% of the harvest. The rice was sold at the fudasashi market in Edo. To raise money, the daimyo used forward contracts to sell rice that was not even harvested yet. These contracts were similar to modern futures trading.

text: During the period, Japan progressively studied Western sciences and techniques (called rangaku, literally "Dutch studies") through the information and books received through the Dutch traders in Dejima. The main areas that were studied included geography, medicine, natural sciences, astronomy, art, languages, physical sciences such as the study of electrical phenomena, and mechanical sciences as exemplified by the development of Japanese clockwatches, or wadokei, inspired from Western techniques.

text: Pre-war period (1868–1945)[edit]

text: Since the mid-19th century, after the Meiji Restoration, the country was opened up to Western commerce and influence and Japan has gone through two periods of economic development. The first began in earnest in 1868 and extended through to World War II; the second began in 1945 and continued into the mid-1980s.

text: Economic developments of the prewar period began with the "Rich State and Strong Army Policy" by the Meiji government. During the Meiji period (1868–1912), leaders inaugurated a new Western-based education system for all young people, sent thousands of students to the United States and Europe, and hired more than 3,000 Westerners to teach modern science, mathematics, technology, and foreign languages in Japan (Oyatoi gaikokujin). The government also built railroads, improved road, and inaugurated a land reform program to prepare the country for further development.

text: To promote industrialization, the government decided that, while it should help private business to allocate resources and to plan, the public sector was best equipped to stimulate economic growth. The greatest role of government was to help provide good economic conditions for business. In short, government was to be the guide and business the producer. In the early Meiji period, the government built factories and shipyards that were sold to entrepreneurs at a fraction of their value. Many of these businesses grew rapidly into the larger conglomerates. Government emerged as chief promoter of private enterprise, enacting a series of probusiness policies.

text: In the mid-1930s, the Japanese nominal wage rates were "10 times less" than the one of the U.S (based on mid-1930s exchange rates), while the price level is estimated to have been about 44% the one of the U.S.[85]

text: Postwar period (1945–present)[edit]

text: From the 1960s to the 1980s, overall real economic growth was extremely large: a 10% average in the 1960s, a 5% average in the 1970s and a 4% average in the 1980s.[86] By the end of said period, Japan had moved into being a high-wage economy.[87]

text: Growth slowed markedly in the late 1990s also termed the Lost Decade after the collapse of the Japanese asset price bubble. As a consequence Japan ran massive budget deficits (added trillions in Yen to Japanese financial system) to finance large public works programs.

text: By 1998, Japan's public works projects still could not stimulate demand enough to end the economy's stagnation. In desperation, the Japanese government undertook "structural reform" policies intended to wring speculative excesses from the stock and real estate markets. Unfortunately, these policies led Japan into deflation on numerous occasions between 1999 and 2004. In his 1998 paper, Japan's Trap, Princeton economics professor Paul Krugman argued that based on a number of models, Japan had a new option. Krugman's plan called for a rise in inflation expectations to, in effect, cut long-term interest rates and promote spending.[88]

text: Japan used another technique, somewhat based on Krugman's, called Quantitative easing. As opposed to flooding the money market with newly printed money, the Bank of Japan expanded the money supply internally to raise expectations of inflation. Initially, the policy failed to induce any growth, but it eventually began to affect inflationary expectations. By late 2005, the economy finally began what seems to be a sustained recovery. GDP growth for that year was 2.8%, with an annualized fourth quarter expansion of 5.5%, surpassing the growth rates of the US and European Union during the same period.[89] Unlike previous recovery trends, domestic consumption has been the dominant factor of growth.

text: Despite having interest rates down near zero for a long period of time, the Quantitative easing strategy did not succeed in stopping price deflation.[90] This led some economists, such as Paul Krugman, and some Japanese politicians, to advocate the generation of higher inflation expectations.[91] In July 2006, the zero-rate policy was ended. In 2008, the Japanese Central Bank still had the lowest interest rates in the developed world, but deflation had still not been eliminated[92] and the Nikkei 225 has fallen over approximately 50% (between June 2007 and December 2008). However, on 5 April 2013, the Bank of Japan announced that it would be purchasing 60–70 trillion yen in bonds and securities in an attempt to eliminate deflation by doubling the money supply in Japan over the course of two years. Markets around the world have responded positively to the government's current proactive policies, with the Nikkei 225 adding more than 42% since November 2012.[93] The Economist has suggested that improvements to bankruptcy law, land transfer law, and tax laws will aid Japan's economy. In recent years, Japan has been the top export market for almost 15 trading nations worldwide.

text: Infrastructure[edit]

text: In 2005, one half of Japan's energy was produced from petroleum, a fifth from coal, and 14% from natural gas.[94] Nuclear power in Japan made a quarter of electricity production but due to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster there has been a large desire to end Japan's nuclear power program.[95][96] In September 2013, Japan closed its last 50 nuclear power plants nationwide, causing the nation to be nuclear free.[97]

text: Japan's spendings on roads has been considered large.[98] The 1.2 million kilometers of paved road are one of the major means of transportation.[99] Japan has left-hand traffic.[100] A single network of speed, divided, limited-access toll roads connects major cities and are operated by toll-collecting enterprises.[101] New and used cars are inexpensive, and the Japanese government has encouraged people to buy hybrid vehicles.[102] Car ownership fees and fuel levies are used to promote energy-efficiency.[102]

text: Rail transport is a major means of transport in Japan. Dozens of Japanese railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets; for instance, 6 passenger JR enterprises, Kintetsu Railway, Seibu Railway, and Keio Corporation.[103] Often, strategies of these enterprises contain real estate or department stores next to stations, and many major stations have major department stores near them.[104] The Japanese cities of Fukuoka, Kobe, Kyoto, Nagoya, Osaka, Sapporo, Sendai, Tokyo and Yokohama all have subway systems. Some 250 high-speed Shinkansen trains connect major cities.[105] All trains are known for punctuality, and a delay of 90 seconds can be considered late for some train services.[106]

text: There are 98 passenger and 175 total airports in Japan, and flying is a popular way to travel.[107][108] The largest domestic airport, Tokyo International Airport, is Asia's second busiest airport.[109] The largest international gateways are Narita International Airport (Tokyo area), Kansai International Airport (Osaka/Kobe/Kyoto area), and Chūbu Centrair International Airport (Nagoya area).[110] The largest ports in Japan include Nagoya Port, the Port of Yokohama, the Port of Tokyo and the Port of Kobe.[111]

text: About 84% of Japan's energy is imported from other countries.[112][113] Japan is the world's largest liquefied natural gas importer, second largest coal importer, and third largest net oil importer.[114] Given its heavy dependence on imported energy, Japan has aimed to diversify its sources.[115] Since the oil shocks of the 1970s, Japan has reduced dependence on petroleum as a source of energy from 77.4% in 1973 to about 43.7% in 2010 and increased dependence on natural gas and nuclear power.[116] Other important energy source includes coal, and hydroelectricity is Japan's biggest renewable energy source.[117][118] Japan's solar market is also currently booming.[119] Kerosene is also used extensively for home heating in portable heaters, especially farther north.[120] Many taxi companies run their fleets on liquefied natural gas.[121] A recent success towards greater fuel economy was the introduction of mass-produced Hybrid vehicles.[102] Prime Minister Shinzō Abe, who was working on Japan's economic revival, signed a treaty with Saudi Arabia and UAE about the rising prices of oil, ensuring Japan's stable deliveries from that region.[122][123]

text: Macro-economic trend[edit]

text: This is a chart of trend of gross domestic product of Japan at market prices estimated by the International Monetary Fund with figures in millions of Japanese Yen.[124] See also[125][126]

text:
Year
Gross domestic product
US dollar exchange
Price index
(2000=100)
Nominal per-capita GDP
(as % of US)
PPP capita GDP
(as % of US)

1955
8,369,500
￥360.00

10.31
–

1960
16,009,700
￥360.00

16.22
–

1965
32,866,000
￥360.00

24.95
–

1970
73,344,900
￥360.00

38.56
–

1975
148,327,100
￥297.26

59.00
–

1980
240,707,315
￥225.82
100
105.85
71.87

2005
502,905,400
￥110.01
97
85.04
71.03

2010
477,327,134
￥88.54
98
89.8
71.49

text: For purchasing power parity comparisons, the US dollar was exchanged at ￥109 in 2010.[127]

text: GDP composition[edit]

text: Industries by GDP value-added 2012.[128] Values are converted using the exchange rate on 13 April 2013.[129]

text:
Industry
GDP value-added $ billions 2012
 % of total GDP

Other service activities
1,238
23.5%

Manufacturing
947
18.0%

Real estate
697
13.2%

Wholesale and retail trade
660
12.5%

Transport and communication
358
6.8%

Public administration
329
6.2%

Construction
327
6.2%

Finance and insurance
306
5.8%

Electricity, gas and water supply
179
3.4%

Government service activities
41
0.7%

Mining
3
0.1%

Total
5,268
100%

text: Sectors of the economy[edit]

text: Agriculture[edit]

text: The Japanese agricultural sector accounts for about 1.4% of the total country's GDP.[130] Only 12% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation.[131][132] Due to this lack of arable land, a system of terraces is used to farm in small areas.[133] This results in one of the world's highest levels of crop yields per unit area, with an overall agricultural self-sufficiency rate of about 50% on fewer than 56,000 km² (14 million acres) cultivated.

text: Japan's small agricultural sector, however, is also highly subsidized and protected, with government regulations that favor small-scale cultivation instead of large-scale agriculture as practiced in North America.[131] There has been a growing concern about farming as the current farmers are aging with a difficult time finding successors.[134]

text: Rice accounts for almost all of Japan's cereal production.[135] Japan is the second-largest agricultural product importer in the world.[135] Rice, the most protected crop, is subject to tariffs of 777.7%.[132][136]

text: Although Japan is usually self-sufficient in rice (except for its use in making rice crackers and processed foods) and wheat, the country must import about 50% of its requirements of other grain and fodder crops and relies on imports for half of its supply of meat.[137][138] Japan imports large quantities of wheat and soybeans.[135] Japan is the 5th largest market for EU agricultural exports.[139] Over 90% of mandarin oranges in Japan are grown in Japan.[138] Apples are also grown due to restrictions on apple imports.[140]

text: Fishery[edit]

text: Japan ranked fourth in the world in 1996 in tonnage of fish caught.[141] Japan captured 4,074,580 metric tons of fish in 2005, down from 4,987,703 tons in 2000, 9,558,615 tons in 1990, 9,864,422 tons in 1980, 8,520,397 tons in 1970, 5,583,796 tons in 1960 and 2,881,855 tons in 1950.[142] In 2003, the total aquaculture production was predicted at 1,301,437 tonnes.[143] In 2010, Japan's total fisheries production was 4,762,469 fish.[144] Offshore fisheries accounted for an average of 50% of the nation's total fish catches in the late 1980s although they experienced repeated ups and downs during that period.

text: Coastal fishing by small boats, set nets, or breeding techniques accounts for about one third of the industry's total production, while offshore fishing by medium-sized boats makes up for more than half the total production. Deep-sea fishing from larger vessels makes up the rest. Among the many species of seafood caught are sardines, skipjack tuna, crab, shrimp, salmon, pollock, squid, clams, mackerel, sea bream, sauries, tuna and Japanese amberjack. Freshwater fishing, including salmon, trout and eel hatcheries and fish farms,[145] takes up about 30% of Japan's fishing industry. Among the nearly 300 fish species in the rivers of Japan are native varieties of catfish, chub, herring and goby, as well as such freshwater crustaceans as crabs and crayfish.[146] Marine and freshwater aquaculture is conducted in all 47 prefectures in Japan.[143]

text: Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the global catch,[147] prompting some claims that Japan's fishing is leading to depletion in fish stocks such as tuna.[148] Japan has also sparked controversy by supporting quasi-commercial whaling.[149]

text: Industry[edit]

text: Japanese manufacturing and industry is very diversified, with a variety of advanced industries that are highly successful. Industry accounts for 24% of the nation's GDP.[130]

text: Industry is concentrated in several regions, with the Kantō region surrounding Tokyo, (the Keihin industrial region) as well as the Kansai region surrounding Osaka (the Hanshin industrial region) and the Tōkai region surrounding Nagoya (the Chūkyō–Tōkai industrial region) the main industrial centers.[23][24][25][26][27][150] Other industrial centers include the southwestern part of Honshū and northern Shikoku around the Seto Inland Sea (the Setouchi industrial region); and the northern part of Kyūshū (Kitakyūshū). In addition, a long narrow belt of industrial centers called the Taiheiyō Belt is found between Tokyo and Fukuoka, established by particular industries, that have developed as mill towns.

text: Japan enjoys high technological development in many fields, including consumer electronics, automobile manufacturing, semiconductor manufacturing, optical fibers, optoelectronics, optical media, facsimile and copy machines, and fermentation processes in food and biochemistry. However, many Japanese companies are facing emerging rivals from the United States, South Korea, and China.[151]

text: Automobile manufacturing[edit]

text: Japan is the third biggest producer of automobiles in the world.[20] Toyota is currently the world largest car maker, and the Japanese car makers Nissan, Honda, Suzuki, and Mazda also count for some of the largest car makers in the world.[152][153]

text: Mining and petroleum exploration[edit]

text: Japan's mining production has been minimal, and Japan has very little mining deposits.[154][155] However, massive deposits of rare earths have been found off the coast of Japan.[156] In the 2011 fiscal year, the domestic yield of crude oil was 820 thousand kiloliters, which was 0.4% of Japan's total crude processing volume.[157]

text: Services[edit]

text: Japan's service sector accounts for about three-quarters of its total economic output.[130] Banking, insurance, real estate, retailing, transportation, and telecommunications are all major industries such as Mitsubishi UFJ, Mizuho, NTT, TEPCO, Nomura, Mitsubishi Estate, ÆON, Mitsui Sumitomo, Softbank, JR East, Seven & I, KDDI and Japan Airlines counting as one of the largest companies in the world.[158][159] Four of the five most circulated newspapers in the world are Japanese newspapers.[160] The Koizumi government set Japan Post, one of the country's largest providers of savings and insurance services for privatization by 2015.[161] The six major keiretsus are the Mitsubishi, Sumitomo, Fuyo, Mitsui, Dai-Ichi Kangyo and Sanwa Groups.[162] Japan is home to 251 companies from the Forbes Global 2000 or 12.55% (as of 2013).[163]

text: Tourism[edit]

text: In 2012, Japan was the fifth most visited country in Asia and the Pacific, with over 8.3 million tourists.[164] In 2013, due to the weaker yen and easier visa requirements for southwest Asian countries, Japan received a record 11.25 million visitors, which was higher than the government's projected goal of 10 million visitors.[165][166][167] The government hopes to attract 20 million visitors a year by the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.[166] Some of the most popular visited places include the Shinjuku, Ginza, Shibuya and Asakusa areas in Tokyo, and the cities of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto, as well as Himeji Castle.[168] Hokkaido is also a popular winter destination for visitors with several ski resorts and luxury hotels being built there.[166][169]

text: Finance[edit]

text: The Tokyo Stock Exchange is the fourth largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, as well as the 2nd largest stock market in Asia, with 2,292 listed companies.[170][171][172] The Nikkei 225 and the TOPIX are the two important stock market indexes of the Tokyo Stock Exchange.[173][174] The Tokyo Stock Exchange and the Osaka Stock Exchange, another major stock exchange in Japan, merged on 1 January 2013, creating one of the world's largest stock exchanges.[172] Other stock exchanges in Japan include the Nagoya Stock Exchange, Fukuoka Stock Exchange and Sapporo Securities Exchange.[175][176]

text: Labor force[edit]

text: The unemployment rate in December 2013 was 3.7%, down 1.5 percentage points from the claimed unemployment rate of 5.2% in June 2009 due to the strong economic recovery.[177][178][179]

text: In 2008 Japan's labor force consisted of some 66 million workers—40% of whom were women—and was rapidly shrinking.[180] One major long-term concern for the Japanese labor force is its low birthrate.[181] In the first half of 2005, the number of deaths in Japan exceeded the number of births, indicating that the decline in population, initially predicted to start in 2007, had already started. While one countermeasure for a declining birthrate would be to remove barriers to immigration, despite taking new steps towards it, the Japanese government has been reluctant to do so, since foreign immigration to Japan has been unpopular among citizens.[182]

text: In 1989, the predominantly public sector union confederation, SOHYO (General Council of Trade Unions of Japan), merged with RENGO (Japanese Private Sector Trade Union Confederation) to form the Japanese Trade Union Confederation. Labor union membership is about 12 million.

text: Law and government[edit]

text: Japan ranks 27th of 185 countries in the ease of doing business index 2013.[183]

text: Japan has one of the smallest tax rates in the developed world.[184] After deductions, the majority of workers are free from personal income taxes. Consumption tax rate is only 8%, while corporate tax rates are high, second highest corporate tax rate in the world, at 36.8%.[184][185][186] However, the House of Representatives has passed a bill which will increase the consumption tax to 10% in October 2015.[187] The government has also decided to reduce corporate tax and to phase out automobile tax.[188][189]

text: In 2016, the IMF encouraged Japan to adopt an income policy that pushes firms to raise employee wages in combination with reforms to tackle the labor market dual tiered employment system to drive higher wages, on top of monetary and fiscal stimulus. Shinzo Abe has encouraged firms to raise wages by at least three percent annually (the inflation target plus average productivity growth).[190][191][192]

text: Shareholder activism is rare despite the fact that the corporate law gives shareholders strong powers over managers.[193] Under Prime Minister Shinzō Abe, corporate governance reform has been a key initiative to encourage economic growth. In 2012 around 40% of leading Japanese companies had any independent directors while in 2016 most all have begun to appoint independent directors.[190][194]

text: The government's liabilities include the second largest public debt of any nation with debt of over one quadrillion yen, or $8,535,340,000,000 in USD.[195][196][197] Former Prime Minister Naoto Kan has called the situation 'urgent'.[198]

text: Japan's central bank has the second largest foreign-exchange reserves after the People's Republic of China, with over one trillion US Dollars in foreign reserves.[199]

text: Culture[edit]

text: Overview[edit]

text: Nemawashi (根回し), or "consensus building", in Japanese culture is an informal process of quietly laying the foundation for some proposed change or project, by talking to the people concerned, gathering support and feedback, and so forth. It is considered an important element in any major change, before any formal steps are taken, and successful nemawashi enables changes to be carried out with the consent of all sides.

text: Japanese companies are known for management methods such as "The Toyota Way". Kaizen (改善, Japanese for "improvement") is a Japanese philosophy that focuses on continuous improvement throughout all aspects of life. When applied to the workplace, Kaizen activities continually improve all functions of a business, from manufacturing to management and from the CEO to the assembly line workers.[200] By improving standardized activities and processes, Kaizen aims to eliminate waste (see Lean manufacturing). Kaizen was first implemented in several Japanese businesses during the country's recovery after World War II, including Toyota, and has since spread to businesses throughout the world.[201] Within certain value systems, it is ironic that Japanese workers labor amongst the most hours per day, even though kaizen is supposed to improve all aspects of life.

text: Some companies have powerful enterprise unions and shuntō. The Nenko System or Nenko Joretsu, as it is called in Japan, is the Japanese system of promoting an employee based on his or her proximity to retirement. The advantage of the system is that it allows older employees to achieve a higher salary level before retirement and it usually brings more experience to the executive ranks. The disadvantage of the system is that it does not allow new talent to be combined with experience and those with specialized skills cannot be promoted to the already crowded executive ranks. It also does not guarantee or even attempt to bring the "right person for the right job".

text: Relationships between government bureaucrats and companies are often close. Amakudari (天下り, amakudari, "descent from heaven") is the institutionalised practice where Japanese senior bureaucrats retire to high-profile positions in the private and public sectors. The practice is increasingly viewed as corrupt and a limitation on efforts to reduce ties between the private sector and the state that prevent economic and political reforms. Lifetime employment (shūshin koyō) and seniority-based career advancement have been common in the Japanese work environment.[184][202] Japan has begun to gradually move away from some of these norms.[203]

text: Salaryman (サラリーマン, Sararīman, salaried man) refers to someone whose income is salary based; particularly those working for corporations. Its frequent use by Japanese corporations, and its prevalence in Japanese manga and anime has gradually led to its acceptance in English-speaking countries as a noun for a Japanese white-collar businessman. The word can be found in many books and articles pertaining to Japanese culture. Immediately following World War II, becoming a salaryman was viewed as a gateway to a stable, middle-class lifestyle. In modern use, the term carries associations of long working hours, low prestige in the corporate hierarchy, absence of significant sources of income other than salary, wage slavery, and karōshi. The term salaryman refers almost exclusively to males.

text: An office lady, often abbreviated OL (Japanese: オーエル Ōeru), is a female office worker in Japan who performs generally pink collar tasks such as serving tea and secretarial or clerical work. Like many unmarried Japanese, OLs often live with their parents well into early adulthood. Office ladies are usually full-time permanent staff, although the jobs they do usually have little opportunity for promotion, and there is usually the tacit expectation that they leave their jobs once they get married.

text: Freeter (フリーター, furītā) (other spellings below) is a Japanese expression for people between the age of 15 and 34 who lack full-time employment or are unemployed, excluding homemakers and students. They may also be described as underemployed or freelance workers. These people do not start a career after high school or university but instead usually live as parasite singles with their parents and earn some money with low skilled and low paid jobs. The low income makes it difficult for freeters to start a family, and the lack of qualifications makes it difficult to start a career at a later point in life.

text: Karōshi (過労死, karōshi), which can be translated quite literally from Japanese as "death from overwork", is occupational sudden death. The major medical causes of karōshi deaths are heart attack and stroke due to stress.

text: Sōkaiya (総会屋, sōkaiya), (sometimes also translated as corporate bouncers, meeting-men, or corporate blackmailers) are a form of specialized racketeer unique to Japan, and often associated with the yakuza that extort money from or blackmail companies by threatening to publicly humiliate companies and their management, usually in their annual meeting (総会, sōkai). Sarakin (サラ金) is a Japanese term for moneylender, or loan shark. It is a contraction of the Japanese words for salaryman and cash. Around 14 million people, or 10% of the Japanese population, have borrowed from a sarakin. In total, there are about 10,000 firms (down from 30,000 a decade ago); however, the top seven firms make up 70% of the market. The value of outstanding loans totals $100 billion. The biggest sarakin are publicly traded and often allied with big banks.[204]

text: The first "Western-style" department store in Japan was Mitsukoshi, founded in 1904, which has its root as a kimono store called Echigoya from 1673. When the roots are considered, however, Matsuzakaya has an even longer history, dated from 1611. The kimono store changed to a department store in 1910. In 1924, Matsuzakaya store in Ginza allowed street shoes to be worn indoors, something innovative at the time.[205] These former kimono shop department stores dominated the market in its earlier history. They sold, or rather displayed, luxurious products, which contributed for their sophisticated atmospheres. Another origin of Japanese department store is that from railway company. There have been many private railway operators in the nation, and from the 1920s, they started to build department stores directly linked to their lines' termini. Seibu and Hankyu are the typical examples of this type. From the 1980s onwards, Japanese department stores face fierce competition from supermarkets and convenience stores, gradually losing their presences. Still, depāto are bastions of several aspects of cultural conservatism in the country. Gift certificates for prestigious department stores are frequently given as formal presents in Japan. Department stores in Japan generally offer a wide range of services and can include foreign exchange, travel reservations, ticket sales for local concerts and other events.

text: Keiretsu[edit]

text: A keiretsu (系列, "system" or "series") is a set of companies with interlocking business relationships and shareholdings. It is a type of business group. The prototypical keiretsu appeared in Japan during the "economic miracle" following World War II. Before Japan's surrender, Japanese industry was controlled by large family-controlled vertical monopolies called zaibatsu. The Allies dismantled the zaibatsu in the late 1940s, but the companies formed from the dismantling of the zaibatsu were reintegrated. The dispersed corporations were re-interlinked through share purchases to form horizontally integrated alliances across many industries. Where possible, keiretsu companies would also supply one another, making the alliances vertically integrated as well. In this period, official government policy promoted the creation of robust trade corporations that could withstand pressures from intensified world trade competition.[206]

text: The major keiretsu were each centered on one bank, which lent money to the keiretsu's member companies and held equity positions in the companies. Each central bank had great control over the companies in the keiretsu and acted as a monitoring entity and as an emergency bail-out entity. One effect of this structure was to minimize the presence of hostile takeovers in Japan, because no entities could challenge the power of the banks.

text: There are two types of keiretsu: vertical and horizontal. Vertical keiretsu illustrates the organization and relationships within a company (for example all factors of production of a certain product are connected), while a horizontal keiretsu shows relationships between entities and industries, normally centered on a bank and trading company. Both are complexly woven together and sustain each other.

text: The Japanese recession in the 1990s had profound effects on the keiretsu. Many of the largest banks were hit hard by bad loan portfolios and forced to merge or go out of business. This had the effect of blurring the lines between the keiretsu: Sumitomo Bank and Mitsui Bank, for instance, became Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation in 2001, while Sanwa Bank (the banker for the Hankyu-Toho Group) became part of Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ. Additionally, many companies from outside the keiretsu system, such as Sony, began outperforming their counterparts within the system.

text: Generally, these causes gave rise to a strong notion in the business community that the old keiretsu system was not an effective business model, and led to an overall loosening of keiretsu alliances. While the keiretsu still exist, they are not as centralized or integrated as they were before the 1990s. This, in turn, has led to a growing corporate acquisition industry in Japan, as companies are no longer able to be easily "bailed out" by their banks, as well as rising derivative litigation by more independent shareholders.

text: Other economic indicators[edit]

text: Net international investment position: 266,223 \ billion[208] (1st)[209]

text: Industrial Production Growth Rate: 7.5% (2010 est.)

text: Investment (gross fixed): 20.3% of GDP (2010 est.)

text: Household income or consumption by percentage share:

text:
Lowest 10%: 4.8%
Highest 10%: 21.7% (1993)

text: Agriculture – Products: rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit, pork, poultry, dairy products, eggs, fish

text: Exports – Commodities: machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, semiconductors, chemicals

text: Imports – Commodities: machinery and equipment, fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, raw materials (2001)

text:
Exchange rates:
Japanese Yen per US$1 – 88.67 (2010), 93.57 (2009), 103.58 (2008), 117.99 (2007), 116.18 (2006), 109.69 (2005), 115.93 (2003), 125.39 (2002), 121.53 (2001), 105.16 (January 2000), 113.91 (1999), 130.91 (1998), 120.99 (1997), 108.78 (1996), 94.06 (1995)

text: Electricity:

text:
Electricity – consumption: 925.5 billion kWh (2008)
Electricity – production: 957.9 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity – exports: 0 kWh (2008)
Electricity – imports: 0 kWh (2008)

text: Electricity – Production by source:

text:
Fossil Fuel: 69.7%
Hydro: 7.3%
Nuclear: 22.5%
Other: 0.5% (2008)

text: Electricity – Standards:

text:
100 volts at 50 Hz from the Oi River (in Shizuoka) Northward;
100 volts at 60 Hz Southward

text: Oil:

text:
production: 132,700 bbl/d (21,100 m3/d) (2009) (46th)
consumption: 4,363,000 bbl/d (693,700 m3/d) (2009) (3rd)
exports: 380,900 barrels per day (60,560 m3/d) (2008) (64th)
imports: 5,033,000 barrels per day (800,200 m3/d) (2008) (2nd)
net imports: 4,620,000 barrels per day (735,000 m3/d) (2008 est.)
proved reserves: 44,120,000 bbl (7,015,000 m3) (1 January 2010 est.)


document_title: The Fast and the Furious

question_text: the fast and the furious films in order

question_tokens: the fast and the furious films in order

root

text: The Fast and the Furious

text: Films[edit]

text:
Film

Release date

Director

Screenwriter(s)

Story by

Producers

Status

The Fast and the Furious

June 22, 2001 (2001-06-22)

Rob Cohen

Gary Scott Thompson and Erik Bergquist and David Ayer

Gary Scott Thompson

Neal H. Moritz

Released

2 Fast 2 Furious

June 6, 2003 (2003-06-06)

John Singleton

Michael Brandt & Derek Haas

Michael Brandt & Derek Haas and Gary Scott Thompson

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift

June 16, 2006 (2006-06-16)

Justin Lin

Chris Morgan

Fast & Furious

April 3, 2009 (2009-04-03)

Neal H. Moritz, Michael K Ross, Vin Diesel and Michael Fottrell

Fast Five

April 29, 2011 (2011-04-29)

Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel and Michael Fottrell

Fast & Furious 6

May 24, 2013 (2013-05-24)

Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel and Clayton Townsend

Furious 7

April 3, 2015 (2015-04-03)

James Wan

Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel and Michael Fottrell

The Fate of the Furious

April 14, 2017 (2017-04-14)

F. Gary Gray

Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Michael Fottrell and Chris Morgan

Hobbs & Shaw

August 2, 2019 (2019-08-02)

David Leitch

Neal H. Moritz, Dwayne Johnson, Dany Garcia and Hiram Garcia

Pre-production

Untitled film

April 10, 2020 (2020-04-10)

Justin Lin

Daniel Casey

Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Michael Fottrell and Chris Morgan

Untitled film

April 2, 2021 (2021-04-02)

TBA

TBA

tag: table

text: Production History[edit]

text: Paul Walker had wrapped up filming on The Skulls when he was approached by the movie's director, Rob Cohen, and producer, Neal Moritz and asked Walker what he wanted to do next.[3] He said his dream project would be a mash-up of Days of Thunder and Donnie Brasco.[3] So the filmmakers brought him a Vibe article they'd found about undercover street racing in New York City. The story was pitched as a remake of Point Break set in the world of underground street racing in Los Angeles and Walker's character playing a cop who infiltrates the illegal racing world.[3] Walker signed on immediately but the producers decided to give him a strong supporting costar and were impressed with Vin Diesel after watching Pitch Black.[3] The Fast and the Furious succeeded box office expectations and Universal proceeded in developing a sequel again with Paul Walker as the lead. However, they had trouble re-signing Vin Diesel for the sequel as his star power had grown and he and director Rob Cohen left the series to develop the XXX franchise. John Singleton was brought in as the new director, and Tyrese Gibson as Paul Walker's new costar and shifted the production to Miami. 2 Fast 2 Furious cost more to produce but was less financially successful than the original. For the third movie, The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift, Paul Walker left the franchise citing politics, studio interference and regime decision.[3] Universal then approached Vin Diesel but he was busy with the XXX movies.[4] Since neither of the stars agreed to appear in the movie, Universal rebooted the franchise with new characters, a new director, Justin Lin, moving the series to Tokyo and shifting away from the racing element to the drifting subculture. While the movie was in post-production, Vin Diesel agreed to do a cameo in order for his production company to acquire rights to the Riddick character from Pitch Black.[5] The movie was the least financially successful of the franchise but the Vin Diesel cameo received a very positive reaction from the audience. The studio told Diesel that it planned to use his cameo as a way to relaunch the Dominic storyline.[6] Vin Diesel had a made a string of boxoffice flops such as The Chronicles of Riddick, Find Me Guilty and the successful but critically loathed The Pacifier and wanted to reinvigorate his career through the new Fast and Furious movie.[6] Diesel, Universal and Director Justin Lin tracked down Walker, Rodriguez, and Brewster to convince them to return to the franchise.[6]

tag: p

text: Paul Walker was initially reluctant to rejoin the franchise after 6 years but Vin Diesel assured him that this will be the first true sequel.[3] The popular character of Han was also brought back and given his death in the third movie, the entire timeline of the franchise was altered so that he can be included in further sequels.[4] The 4th movie was a financial success and Universal wanted to continue with further sequels, and Fast Five was developed which shifted the genre away from car racing and into a heist movie, added Dwayne Johnson to the cast and changed the location to Brazil.[7] Fast Five was supposed to wrap up the franchise but given its strong box office performance and high critical praise with some calling it the best movie in the franchise, Universal proceeded to develop the 6th movie. Fast & Furious 6 continued the heist genre and shifted the location to Europe and became the most financially successful film of the franchise up to that time.

text: Universal lacked a major event movie for the following summer and quickly rushed Furious 7 into production for a release in Summer 2014. Justin Lin decided not to return to direct the seventh film as he was still performing post-production on Fast & Furious 6 and James Wan took over directorial duties.[8] Like Fast 5, Furious 7 is seen as a transitional movie which shifts the franchise from a heist to a spy action movie genre. The untimely death of Paul Walker in a car accident in November 2013 while half way filming Furious 7 forced Universal to major re-shoots, script changes, hiring Weta Digital to use CGI to create Paul likeness and ultimately delayed releasing the movie from July 2014 to April 2015.[9] Furious 7 was the most successful film in the franchise and producers decided to retire the Paul Walker character instead of killing him off. However, the toll of directing the movie with additional re-shoots forced Director James Wan not to return to the franchise. F. Gary Gray stepped in to helm the 8th movie, The Fate of the Furious, which was released in April 2017, starting a new trilogy of movies which will end the entire franchise. Originally the 9th movie was supposed to be released April 2019 and followed by the 10th movie in April 2021. However, Universal proceeded to start a spin-off movie with Dwayne Johnson and Jason Statham called Hobbs and Shaw, which now occupies the 2019 release date. This caused tensions between Dwayne Johnson, Vin Diesel and Tyrese[10] as it delayed the release of Fast and Furious 9. Universal later announced that Fast and Furious 9 and 10 will be released back to back on April 2020 and April 2021 to end the franchise with Justin Lin returning to direct both movies.

text: Main series[edit]

text: The Fast and the Furious (2001)[edit]

text: The film is based on an article, titled "Racer X", about New York street clubs that race Japanese cars late at night, although the film is set primarily in Los Angeles. While elite street racer and ex-convict Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) and his crew: Jesse (Chad Lindberg), Leon (Johnny Strong), Vince (Matt Schulze) and Letty Ortiz (Michelle Rodriguez), are under suspicion of stealing expensive electronic equipment by hijacking moving trucks, Brian O'Conner (Paul Walker) is an undercover police officer who attempts to find out who exactly is stealing the equipment.  He works for FBI agent Bilkins (Thom Barry) and LAPD Sgt. Tanner (Ted Levine).

text: Falling for Dominic's younger sister, Mia Toretto (Jordana Brewster), Brian confesses to her his status as an undercover police officer and convinces her to come with him to save her brother and his friends from the truck drivers, who have now armed themselves to combat the robberies. He tracks Dominic's location by triangulating his cell phone signal and they arrive at the hijacking in progress to find Letty, badly injured in a car accident, and Vince critically wounded, having lacerated his arm and been shot by a truck driver. Brian and Mia work together with Dominic, Leon and Letty to rescue Vince. Brian then makes the difficult decision to blow his cover to the crew by phoning in for a medivac. The revelation enrages Dominic, who flees with Leon, Letty, and Mia as the medivac arrives for Vince.

text: Brian soon follows Dominic to his house and holds him at gunpoint to prevent him from fleeing further. Jesse arrives shortly afterwards, apologizing for his actions at Race Wars and pleading for Dominic's help with Johnny Tran (Rick Yune). Moments later, Tran and his cousin Lance Nguyen (Reggie Lee) perform a drive-by shooting, killing Jesse. Brian and Dominic chase them, with Dominic driving his late father's modified 1970 Dodge Charger. Dominic forces Lance's motorcycle off the road, severely injuring him, while Brian shoots and kills Tran. Afterwards, Brian and Dominic engage in an impromptu street race, narrowly avoiding a passing train. However, Dominic collides with a semitruck and rolls his car twice, injuring himself, and rendering the Charger undrivable. Instead  of arresting him, Brian hands over the keys to his Supra and lets Dominic escape, using the line "I owe you a ten-second car."

text: 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)[edit]

text: Watched by undercover Customs Agent Monica Fuentes (Eva Mendes), Brian is caught by US Customs agents and given a deal by FBI Agent Bilkins and Customs Agent Markham (James Remar) to go undercover and try to bring down drug lord Carter Verone (Cole Hauser) in exchange for the erasure of his criminal record. Brian agrees but only if he is given permission to choose his partner, refusing to partner with the agent assigned to watch him. Brian heads home to Barstow, California, where he recruits Roman Pearce (Tyrese Gibson), a childhood friend of Brian who had served jail time and is under house arrest, to help him. Pearce agrees, but only for the same deal Brian was offered, and with the help of Monica, Brian and Roman work together to take down Verone. After acquiring confiscated vehicles and being hired by Verone as his drivers, the duo return to a Customs/FBI hideout, where Roman confronts Markham over the latter's interference with the mission. After the situation is cooled down, Brian tells Bilkins and Markham that Verone plans to smuggle the money into his private jet and fly off, but also suspects something wrong with Monica's role in the mission.

text: Later, Brian and Roman race two of Verone's drivers for their cars and begin to devise a personal back up plan if the operation goes awry. Roman confronts Brian about his attraction to Monica and the constant threat of Verone's men. On the day of the mission, Brian and Roman begin transporting duffel bags of Verone's money, with two of Verone's men Enrique (Mo Gallini) and Roberto (Roberto Sanchez) riding along to watch Brian and Roman. Before the 15-minute window is set, the detective in charge, Whitworth (Mark Boone Junior), decides to call in the police to move in for the arrest, resulting in a high-speed chase across the city. The duo lead the police to a warehouse, where a scramble by dozens of street racers disorient the police. Following the scramble, police manage to pull over the Evo and the Eclipse, only to find out that they were driven by two members of Brian's new crew, friends, Tej Parker (Ludacris) and Suki (Devon Aoki).

text: As Brian approaches the destination point in a Yenko Camaro, Enrique tells him to make a detour away from the airfield. Meanwhile, Roman gets rid of Roberto by using an improvised ejector seat in his (orange) Dodge Challenger powered by nitrous oxide. At the airfield, Customs Agents have Verone's plane and convoy surrounded, only to discover they are duped into a decoy maneuver while Verone is at a boatyard several miles away. As he knew Monica was an undercover agent, he gave her the wrong information on the destination point and plans to use her as leverage. When Brian arrives at the intended drop-off point, Enrique prepares to kill him when Roman suddenly appears and the both of them dispatch Enrique. Verone makes his escape aboard his private yacht, but Brian and Roman use the Yenko Camaro and drive off a ramp, crashing on top of the yacht. The duo manage to apprehend Verone and save Monica.

text: With their crimes pardoned, Brian and Roman ponder on what to do next other than to settle in Miami when the former mentions starting a garage. Roman asks how they would afford that and Brian reveals that he took some of the money, as Roman also reveals that his pockets aren't empty, having taken money for himself.

text: The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006)[edit]

text: This film's story occurs sometime after Fast & Furious 6 with a scene that was later made concurrent with events in Furious 7.

text: After totaling his car in an illegal street race, Sean Boswell (Lucas Black) is sent to live in Tokyo, Japan, with his father, a U.S. Navy officer, in order to avoid juvenile detention or even jail.

text: While in school, he befriends Twinkie (Bow Wow), a "military brat" who introduces him to the world of drift racing in Japan. Though forbidden to drive, he decides to race against Takashi (Brian Tee) aka D.K. (Drift King). He borrows a Nissan Silvia from Han Lue (Sung Kang), now a business partner to Takashi, and loses, totaling the car because of his lack of knowledge of drifting. To repay his debt for the car he destroyed, Sean works for Han. Later on, Han becomes friends with Sean and teaches him how to drift.

text: Takashi's uncle Kamata (Sonny Chiba) (the head of the Yakuza) reprimands Takashi for allowing Han to steal from him. Takashi confronts Han, Sean and Neela (Nathalie Kelley), and in doing so, they flee. During the chase, Han is killed in a car accident when his car catches fire. Takashi, Sean, and his father become involved in an armed standoff which is resolved by Neela agreeing to leave with Takashi. Twinkie gives his money to Sean to replace the money Han stole, which Sean then returns to Kamata.

text: Sean proposes a race against Takashi to determine who must leave Tokyo. Sean and Han's friends then build a 1967 Ford Mustang, with an inline-6 engine and other parts salvaged from Han's Silvia that Sean had destroyed. Sean wins the race and is later challenged by Dominic Toretto.

text: Fast & Furious (2009)[edit]

text: Fast & Furious, as well as its succeeding films, takes place before the events of The Fast and The Furious: Tokyo Drift.

text: About five years after the events of the first film, Dominic and his new crew (Letty, Han, Leo, Santos and Cara) have been hijacking fuel tankers in the Dominican Republic. When their trail gets too hot, Dominic disbands the crew. However, he is later informed that Letty has been murdered. Dominic returns to Los Angeles where he finds traces of nitro-methane at the crash site, and tracks the buyer of the gas to David Park. Meanwhile, Brian O'Conner, who has been working as an FBI agent, is tracking down a drug trafficker named Arturo Braga. When Brian and Dominic cross paths at David Park's apartment, Dominic is about to drop David out the window. But Brian intervenes, and works a scheme where he enters a street race where the winner would join Braga's team of drivers. Although Dominic wins the four-car race by bumping Brian's car, Brian later joins the team by replacing one of Braga's other drivers.

text: The team meets Fenix Calderon (Laz Alonso) who directs them to drive the heroin across the border using underground tunnels to avoid detection. Brian realizes that the drivers are to be killed following the mission, and when Fenix reveals to Dominic that he killed Letty, Dominic detonates the nitrous in his car, blowing up a bunch of vehicles. In the chaos, Brian hijacks the Hummer that is carrying the heroin. Dominic and Brian drive back to Los Angeles, hiding the heroin in an impound lot. When Dominic learns Brian was the last person to contact Letty, he attacks him until Brian reveals that Letty was working undercover for Brian, tracking down Braga in exchange for clearing Dominic's name. Brian negotiates with the agency to free Dominic if they can lure Braga into personally coming to exchange the heroin for cash. However, at the drop site, it is revealed that the Braga they arrested was a decoy, and that the real Braga (John Ortiz) has escaped, fleeing to Mexico.

text: Suspended from duty, Brian joins Dominic to go to Mexico and in hopes of catching Braga. Although Braga agreeably surrenders, they are pursued by Braga's men through town and then the tunnels. Fenix T-bones Brian's car right outside the tunnel exit, but before he can kill Brian, Dominic drives into and kills Fenix. As the police arrive, Dominic refuses to escape, saying he is tired of running. Despite Brian's request for clemency, the judge sentences Dominic to 25 years to life. During the prison bus ride to Lompoc penitentiary, Brian and Mia, along with Leo and Santos, arrive in their cars and intercept the bus.

text: Fast Five (2011)[edit]

text: When Dominic "Dom" Toretto is being transported to Lompoc Prison by bus, his sister Mia Toretto and friend Brian O'Conner lead an assault on the bus, causing it to crash and freeing Dom. While the authorities search for them, the trio escapes to Rio de Janeiro. Awaiting Dom's arrival, Mia and Brian join their friend Vince and other participants on a job to steal three cars from a train. Brian and Mia discover that agents from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) are also on the train and that the cars are seized property. When Dom arrives with the rest of the participants, he realizes that the lead participant, Zizi, is only interested in stealing one car - a Ford GT40. Dom has Mia steal the car herself before he and Brian fight Zizi and his henchmen, during which Zizi kills the DEA agents assigned to the vehicles. Dom and Brian are captured and brought to crime lord Hernan Reyes, the owner of the cars and Zizi's boss. Reyes orders the pair be interrogated to discover the location of the car, but they manage to escape and retreat to their safehouse.

text: While Brian, Dom, and Mia examine the car to discover its importance, Vince arrives and is caught trying to remove a computer chip from it. He admits he was planning to sell the chip to Reyes on his own, and Dom forces him to leave. Brian investigates the chip and discovers it contains the complete financial details of Reyes' criminal empire, including the locations of US$100 million in cash.

text: Diplomatic Security Service agent Luke Hobbs and his team arrive in Rio to arrest Dom and Brian. With the help of local officer Elena Neves, they travel to Dom's safehouse, but find it under assault by Reyes' men. Brian, Dom and Mia escape; Dom suggests they split up and leave Rio, but Mia announces she is pregnant with Brian's child. Dom agrees to stick together and suggests they steal the money from Reyes to start a new life. They organize a team to perform the heist: Han, Roman, Tej, Gisele, Leo, and Santos. Vince later joins the team after saving Mia from being captured by Reyes' men.

text: Hobbs and his team eventually find and arrest Dom, Mia, Brian, and Vince. While transporting them to the airport for extradition to the United States, the convoy is attacked by Reyes' men, who kill Hobbs' team. Hobbs and Elena are saved by Dom, Brian, Mia, and Vince as they fight back and escape, but Vince is shot in the process and dies. Wanting to avenge his murdered team, Hobbs and Elena agree to help with the heist. The gang break into the police station and tear the vault holding Reyes' money from the building using their cars, dragging it through the city. After an extensive police chase, Dom makes Brian continue without him while he attacks the police and the pursuing Reyes, using the vault attached to his car to smash their vehicles. Brian returns and kills Zizi while Reyes is badly injured by Dom's assault. Hobbs arrives on the scene and executes Reyes to avenge his team. Though Hobbs refuses to let Dom and Brian go free, he gives them a 24-hour head start to escape on the condition they leave the vault as it is. However, the vault is empty as it had been switched during the chase. After splitting the cash (Vince's share is given to his family), they go their separate ways.

text: On a tropical beach, Brian and a visibly pregnant Mia relax. They are met by Dom and Elena. Brian challenges Dom to a final, no-stakes race to prove who is the better driver.

text: In a mid-credits scene, Hobbs is given a file by Monica Fuentes concerning the hijack of a military convoy in Berlin, where he discovers a recent photo of Dom's former girlfriend Letty, who had been presumed dead.

text: Fast & Furious 6 (2013)[edit]

text: Following their successful heist in Brazil, Dominic "Dom" Toretto and his professional criminal crew have fled around the world: Dom lives with Elena; his sister Mia lives with Brian O'Conner and their son, Jack; Gisele and Han live together; and Roman and Tej live in luxury. Meanwhile, DSS agent Luke Hobbs and Riley Hicks investigate the destruction of a Russian military convoy by a crew led by former British SAS Major and special ops soldier Owen Shaw. Hobbs persuades Dom to help capture Shaw by showing him a photo of the supposedly long-dead Letty Ortiz, Dom's former lover. Dom and his crew accept the mission in exchange for their amnesty, allowing them to return to the United States.

text: In London, Shaw's hideout is found, but this is revealed to be a trap, distracting them and the police while Shaw's crew performs a heist at an Interpol building. Shaw flees by car, detonating his hideout and disabling most of the police, leaving Dom, Brian, Tej, Han, Gisele, Hobbs, and Riley to pursue him. Letty arrives to help Shaw, shooting Dom without hesitation before escaping. Back at their headquarters, Hobbs tells Dom's crew that Shaw is stealing components to create a deadly device, intending to sell it to the highest bidder. Meanwhile, Shaw's investigation into the opposing crew reveals Letty's relationship with Dom, but she is revealed to be suffering from amnesia. Dominic's crew learns that Shaw is connected to a drug lord who was imprisoned by Brian, Arturo Braga. Brian returns to Los Angeles as a prisoner to question Braga, who says Letty survived the explosion that seemingly killed her; Shaw took her in after discovering her amnesia. With FBI help, Brian is released from prison, regrouping with the team in London.

text: Dom challenges Letty in a street racing competition; afterwards, he returns her cross necklace he had kept. After Letty leaves, Shaw offers Dom a chance to walk away, threatening to otherwise hurt his family, but Dom refuses. Tej tracks Shaw's next attack to a Spanish NATO base. Shaw's crew assaults a highway military convoy carrying a computer chip to complete his deadly device. Dom's crew interferes while Shaw, accompanied by Letty, commandeers a tank, destroying cars en route. Brian and Roman manage to flip the tank before it causes further damage, resulting in Letty being thrown from the vehicle and Dom risking his life to save her. Shaw and his crew are captured, but reveal Mia has been kidnapped by Shaw. Hobbs is forced to release Shaw, and Riley, revealed to be Shaw's covert accomplice, leaves with him; Letty chooses to remain with Dom.

text: Shaw's group board a large moving aircraft on a runway as Dom's crew gives chase. Dom, Letty, and Brian board the craft; Brian rescues Mia, escaping in an onboard car. The plane attempts to take-off, but is held down by excess weight as the rest of the team tether the plane to their vehicles. Gisele sacrifices herself to save Han from Shaw's henchman, who Han kills, Letty kills Riley and escapes to safety, but Dom pursues Shaw and the computer chip. As the plane crashes into the ground, Shaw is thrown from it, seriously injuring him, and Dom drives a car out of the exploding plane. Dom reunites with his crew, and gives the chip to Hobbs to secure their pardons. Dom and the others return to his old family home in Los Angeles. Hobbs and Elena, now working together, arrive to confirm the crew's freedom; Elena accepts that Dom loves Letty. As Roman says grace over the crew's meal, Dom asks Letty if the gathering feels familiar; she answers "no, but it feels like home."

text: In a mid-credits scene, which takes place in Tokyo, Han is involved in a car chase when he is suddenly broadsided by an oncoming car. The driver walks away from the scene after leaving Letty's cross necklace by the crash, and calls Dom as Han's car fatally explodes, saying, "You don't know me. You're about to."

text: Furious 7 (2015)[edit]

text: After defeating Owen Shaw and his crew and securing amnesty for their past crimes (depicted in Fast & Furious 6), Dominic "Dom" Toretto, Brian O'Conner and the rest of their team have returned to the United States to live normal lives again. Brian begins to accustom himself to life as a father, while Dom tries to help Letty Ortiz regain her memory. Meanwhile, Owen's older brother, Deckard Shaw, breaks into the secure hospital that the comatose Owen is being held in and swears vengeance against Dom and his team, before breaking into Luke Hobbs' Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) office to extract profiles of Dom's crew. After revealing his identity, Shaw engages Hobbs in a fight, and escapes when he detonates a bomb that severely injures Hobbs. Dom later learns from his sister Mia that she is pregnant again and convinces her to tell Brian. However, a bomb, disguised in a package sent from Tokyo, explodes and destroys the Toretto house just seconds after Han, a member of Dom's team, is killed by Shaw in Tokyo. Dom later visits Hobbs in a hospital, where he learns that Shaw is a rogue special forces assassin seeking to avenge his brother. Dom then travels to Tokyo to claim Han's body, and meets and races Sean Boswell, a friend of Han's who gives him personal items found at Han's crash site.

text: Back at Han's funeral in Los Angeles, Dom notices a car observing them, and after a chase, confronts its driver, who is revealed to be Shaw. Both prepare to fight, but Shaw flees when a covert ops team arrives and opens fire, led by Mr. Nobody. Nobody says that he will assist Dom in stopping Shaw if he helps him obtain God's Eye, a computer program that uses digital devices to track down a person, and save its creator, a hacker named Ramsey, from a mercenary named Mose Jakande. Dom, Brian, Letty, Roman Pearce, and Tej Parker then airdrop their cars over the Caucasus Mountains in Azerbaijan, ambush Jakande's convoy, and rescue Ramsey. The team then heads to Abu Dhabi, where a billionaire has acquired the flash drive containing God's Eye, and manages to steal it from the owner. With God's Eye near telecommunications repeaters, the team tracks down Shaw, who is waiting at a remote factory. Dom, Brian, Nobody and his team attempt to capture Shaw, but are ambushed by Jakande and his men and forced to flee while Jakande obtains God's Eye. At his own request, the injured Nobody is left behind to be evacuated by helicopter while Brian and Dom continue without him. To reduce their disadvantage, the crew returns to Los Angeles to fight Shaw, Jakande and his men. Meanwhile, Brian promises Mia that once they deal with Shaw, he will retire and fully dedicate himself to their family.

text: While Jakande pursues Brian and the rest of the team with a stealth helicopter and an aerial drone, Ramsey attempts to hack into God's Eye. Hobbs, seeing the team in trouble, leaves the hospital and destroys the drone with an ambulance. Brian engages Jakande's henchman Kiet and throws him down an elevator shaft, allowing Ramsey to regain control of God's Eye and shut it down. Dom and Shaw engage in a one-on-one brawl on top of a public parking garage, before Jakande intervenes and attacks them both. Shaw is defeated when part of the parking garage collapses beneath him. Dom then launches his vehicle at Jakande's helicopter, tossing Shaw's bag of grenades onto its skids, before injuring himself when his car lands and crashes. Hobbs then shoots the bag of grenades from ground level, destroying the helicopter and killing Jakande. Dom is pulled from the wreckage of his car, believed to be dead. As Letty cradles Dom's body in her arms, she reveals that she has regained her memories, and that she remembers their wedding. Dom regains consciousness soon after, remarking, "It's about time".

text: Shaw is taken into custody by Hobbs and locked away in a secret, high-security prison. At a beach, Brian and Mia play with their son while Dom, Letty, Roman, Tej, and Ramsey observe, acknowledging that Brian is better off retired with his family. Dom silently leaves, Ramsey asks if he's gonna say goodbye. Dom says, "It's never goodbye." He drives away, but Brian catches up with him at a crossroad. As Dom remembers the times that he had with Brian, they bid each other farewell and drive off in separate directions.

text: The Fate of the Furious (2017)[edit]

text: Dominic "Dom" Toretto and Letty Ortiz are on their honeymoon in Havana when Dom's cousin Fernando gets in trouble owing money to local racer Raldo. Sensing Raldo is a loan shark, Dom challenges Raldo to a race, pitting Fernando's reworked car against Raldo's, and wagering his own show car. After narrowly winning the race, Dom allows Raldo to keep his car, earning his respect, and instead leaves his cousin with his show car.

text: The next day, Dom is approached by the elusive cyberterrorist Cipher who coerces him into working for her. Shortly afterwards, Dom and his team, comprising Letty, Roman Pearce, Tej Parker, and Ramsey, are recruited by Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) agent Luke Hobbs to help him retrieve an EMP device from a military outpost in Berlin. During the getaway, Dom goes rogue, forcing Hobbs off the road and stealing the device for Cipher. Hobbs is arrested and locked up in the same high-security prison he helped imprison Deckard Shaw in. After escaping, Deckard and Hobbs are recruited by intelligence operative Mr. Nobody and his protégé to help the team find Dom and capture Cipher. Deckard reveals that Cipher had hired his brother Owen Shaw to steal the Nightshade device and Mose Jakande to steal God's Eye, Ramsey's software program. The team tracks Dom and Cipher to their very location just as the latter two attack the base and steal God's Eye. When Dom questions Cipher's motives, she reveals that she has been holding hostage Dom's ex-lover and DSS agent Elena Neves—as well as their son, of whose existence Dom was previously unaware. Elena tells Dom that she wanted him to decide the child's first name, having already given him the middle name Marcos.

text: In New York City, Cipher sends Dom to retrieve a nuclear football held by the Russian Minister of Defence. Prior to the theft, Dom briefly evades Cipher - with the help of Raldo - and persuades Deckard and Owen's mother, Magdalene Shaw, to help him. Cipher hacks into the electronics systems of a large number of cars, causing them to drive automatically and taking out the convoy so that Dom can take the football. The team intercepts Dom, but Dom escapes, shooting and apparently killing Deckard in the process. Letty catches up to Dom, but is ambushed and nearly killed by Cipher's enforcer, Connor Rhodes, before Dom rescues her. In retaliation, Cipher has Rhodes execute Elena in front of Dom.

text: Dom infiltrates a base in Russia to use the EMP device to disable their security and then to disable a nuclear submarine, enabling Cipher to hijack it and attempt to use its arsenal to trigger a nuclear war. They are once again intercepted by the team, who attempt to shut down the sub, and then drive out toward the gates that would prevent the sub from leaving into open waters. Meanwhile, Deckard, whose death was apparently faked, teams up with Owen, and under Magdalene's behest, infiltrates Cipher's plane to rescue Dom's son. Once Deckard reports that the child is safe, Dom turns on Cipher and kills Rhodes, avenging Elena's death, before rejoining his team. Outraged, Cipher fires an infrared homing missile at Dom, but he breaks away from his team and maneuvers around it, causing the missile to hit the submarine instead. The team quickly forms a vehicular blockade around Dom, shielding him from the ensuing explosion. When Deckard reaches the front of the plane and confronts a defeated Cipher, she makes her escape by parachuting out of the plane.

text: Mr. Nobody and his protégé visit Dom and his team in New York City to report that Cipher is still at large in Athens. Hobbs is offered his DSS job back, but he declines in order to spend more time with his daughter. Deckard delivers Dom his son, putting his differences aside with Dom and Hobbs. Dom names his son Brian, after his friend and brother-in-law Brian O'Conner, and they celebrate.

text: Future[edit]

text:
In February 2016, Diesel announced the ninth film and tenth film would be released on April 10, 2020,[11][12] and April 2, 2021, respectively, and that the tenth film would serve as the final film in the series.[13][14]
Justin Lin is reportedly in line to direct the ninth installment.[15] It was also announced that Jordana Brewster would return for the ninth installment.

text: In May 2018, Daniel Casey from Kin, was announced to write a screenplay for the ninth film, making it the first film in the franchise since 2 Fast 2 Furious without long-time screenwriter Chris Morgan.[16]

text: Spin-off[edit]

text: Hobbs & Shaw (2019)[edit]

text: Vin Diesel announced in an interview with Variety that potential spin-offs were in the early stages of development.[17][18] A spin-off film centered around two characters Luke Hobbs and Deckard Shaw was announced by Universal and set with release date of July 26, 2019,[19] with Variety reporting that Shane Black was being considered to direct and Morgan returning to write the script.[20] The announcement of the spin-off provoked a response on Instagram by Tyrese Gibson, criticizing Johnson for causing the ninth Fast & Furious film to be delayed for another year.[19]

text: On October 23, 2017, Dwayne Johnson posted a video on Instagram which showed the finished script for the spin-off, titled Hobbs and Shaw. In February 2018, David Leitch entered talks to direct the film, which was confirmed later that April.[21] In March 2018, it was reported that the film would start production in September 2018.[22] In May 2018, the release date of the film was pushed back a week to August 2, 2019.[23] On July 5, 2018, Idris Elba was cast to play the villain.[24]

text: Television series[edit]

text: On April 23, 2018, it was announced that Universal and DreamWorks Animation are creating an animated series based on the franchise that will be launched on Netflix.[25]

text: Short films[edit]

text: The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)[edit]

text: The short film was included on a new print of the DVD of the first film in June 2003 to bridge the first two films.

text: Brian O'Conner packs his bags and leaves Los Angeles, before the LAPD gets a chance to arrest him for letting Dominic escape. While the FBI launch a national manhunt for him, Brian travels across Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, winning every street race he participates in, with his red Dodge Stealth. However, he is forced to ditch his car at a motel in San Antonio when police officers are notified of his presence. When they collect the car, he manages to hitch a ride from an unknown woman (Minka Kelly), despite her knowing who he really is. She drops him at a used car lot, with him realizing she knows that he is a wanted man. There, he buys a green Nissan Skyline GT-R R34. Later, collecting money from street races, he modifies the car with new rims and repaints it silver before traveling eastbound and winning more races on the way. Upon reaching Jacksonville, Florida, Brian heads south toward Miami, where he sees Slap Jack's Toyota Supra and Orange Julius' Mazda RX-7 (both 2 Fast 2 Furious characters) before the screen reads "2 be continued...".

text: Los Bandoleros (2009)[edit]

text: Tego Leo (Tego Calderón) is in a Dominican Republic prison, ranting about corporations holding back the electric car and starting wars for oil. Meanwhile, on the streets, Rico Santos (Don Omar) chats to an old man unable to find enough gas. Han Lue (Sung Kang) arrives and is collected from the airport by Cara (Mirtha Michelle) and Malo (F. Valentino Morales). They drive him back to Santos' house, where his aunt Rubia (Adria Carrasco) is struggling with rising prices linked to the cost of gasoline and Dominic is working on his car. The team then enjoy a welcome meal with the family. After breaking Leo out of prison, they head to a club, where Han and Cara flirt, while Dominic meets up with local politician Elvis (Juan Fernandez), who informs them of a window of opportunity to hijack a gasoline shipment. While relaxing at the club afterwards, Dominic is surprised by the arrival of Letty, who has tracked him from Mexico. The two drive together to the beach, where they "rekindle their relationship".

text: Storyline chronology[edit]

text: Below is a table of all films, both short and feature length, in chronological order. Real world release dates are also noted.[26]

text:
Timeline order

Title

Release date

1
The Fast and the Furious
June 22, 2001

—
The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious
June 3, 2003

2
2 Fast 2 Furious
June 6, 2003

—
Los Bandoleros
July 28, 2009

3
Fast & Furious
April 3, 2009

4
Fast Five
April 29, 2011

5
Fast & Furious 6
May 24, 2013

6
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift
June 16, 2006

7
Furious 7
April 3, 2015

8
The Fate of the Furious
April 14, 2017

—
Hobbs & Shaw
August 2, 2019

text: Characters[edit]

text: Additional crew & production details[edit]

text:
Film

The Fast and the Furious(2001)

2 Fast 2 Furious(2003)

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift(2006)

Fast & Furious(2009)

Fast Five(2011)

Fast & Furious 6(2013)

Furious 7(2015)

The Fate of the Furious(2017)

Cinematographer(s)

Ericson Core

Matthew F. Leonetti

Stephen F. Windon

Amir Mokri

Stephen F. Windon

Stephen F. WindonMarc Spicer

Stephen F. Windon

Composer

BT

David Arnold

Brian Tyler

Lucas Vidal

Brian Tyler

Editor(s)

Peter Honess

Bruce CannonDallas Puett

Kelly MatsumotoDallas PuettFred Raskin

Christian WagnerFred Raskin

Kelly MatsumotoFred RaskinChristian Wagner

Christian WagnerKelly MatsumotoDylan HighsmithGreg D'AuriaLeigh Folsom Boyd

Christian WagnerLeigh Folsom BoydDylan HighsmithKirk M. Morri

Christian WagnerPaul Rubell

Costume Designer(s)

Sanja Milkovic Hays

Production Designer

Waldemar Kalinowski

Keith Brian Burns

Ida Random

Peter Wenham

Jan Roelfs

Bill Brzeski

Running time

106 minutes

107 minutes

104 minutes

107 minutes

131 minutes (extended - 132 minutes)

130 minutes (extended - 131 minutes)

137 minutes (extended - 140 minutes)

136 minutes (extended - 148 minutes)

MPAA rating

PG-13

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office performance[edit]

text:
Film

Release date

Budget

Box office gross

Box office ranking

Ref(s)

North America

Otherterritories

Worldwide

All timeNorth America

All timeOther territories

All timeworldwide

The Fast and the Furious

June 22, 2001

$38,000,000

$144,533,925

$62,750,000

$207,283,925

#299

#573

[27]

2 Fast 2 Furious

June 3, 2003

$76,000,000

$127,154,901

$109,195,760

$236,350,661

#388

#476

[28]

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift

June 16, 2006

$85,000,000

$62,514,415

$95,953,877

$158,468,292

#1,121

[29][30]

Fast & Furious

April 3, 2009

$85,000,000

$155,064,265

$208,100,000

$363,164,265

#281

#257

#244

[31]

Fast Five

April 29, 2011

$125,000,000

$209,837,675

$416,300,000

$626,137,675

#137

#85

#89

[32]

Fast & Furious 6

May 24, 2013

$160,000,000

$238,679,850

$550,000,000

$788,679,850

#101

#38

#49

[33]

Furious 7

April 3, 2015

$190,000,000

$353,007,020

$1,163,038,891

$1,516,045,911

#37

#3

#6

[34]

The Fate of the Furious

April 14, 2017

$250,000,000

$226,008,385

$1,009,996,733

$1,236,005,118

#140

#6[35]

#11

[36]

Total

$1.009.000.000

$1,516,800,436

$3,615,335,261

$5,132,135,697

10[37][38]

-[39]

7[40]

[1]

List indicator(s)
A dark grey cell indicates the information is not available for the film.

text: Critical and public response[edit]

text:
Film

Rotten Tomatoes

Metacritic

CinemaScore

The Fast and the Furious

53% (148 reviews)[41]

58 (34 reviews)[42]

B+[43]

2 Fast 2 Furious

36% (160 reviews)[44]

38 (36 reviews)[45]

A-[43]

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift

37% (114 reviews)[46]

45 (32 reviews)[47]

A-[43]

Fast & Furious

29% (175 reviews)[48]

46 (28 reviews)[49]

A-[43]

Fast Five

77% (196 reviews)[50]

66 (41 reviews)[51]

A[43]

Fast & Furious 6

69% (198 reviews)[52]

61 (39 reviews)[53]

A[43]

Furious 7

80% (244 reviews)[54]

67 (50 reviews)[55]

A[43]

The Fate of the Furious

66% (259 reviews)[56]

56 (45 reviews)[57]

A[43]

text: Franchise extension[edit]

text: Theme park attractions[edit]

text: Universal has incorporated several theme park attractions involving the Fast & Furious franchise. Universal Studios Hollywood and its Studio Tour has featured several of the picture car vehicles. From 2006 to 2013, The Fast and the Furious: Extreme Close-Up attraction was part of the Studio Tour.[58][59][60] On June 25, 2015, Universal Studios Hollywood allotted the final portion of their Studio Tour for the dark ride Fast and Furious: Supercharged.[61] Universal Orlando opened a ride of the same name April 23, 2018.[62]

text: Fast & Furious Live[edit]

text: Fast & Furious Live is a live show that combines stunt drivers, pyrotechnics and projection mapping.[63] The show had two preview shows on January 11–12, 2018 at Liverpool's Echo Arena. It officially began its tour at London's The O2 Arena on January 19, 2018, followed by a worldwide tour until later in 2018. On March 1, 2018, it was revealed on the tour's website that five new dates had been released for September.

text: The following list is sourced from the tour's website.

text: Tour overview[edit]

text:
Tour

Cities

Shows

Start date

End date

UK
London
2
19 January 2018 (2018-01-19)
20 January 2018 (2018-01-20)

Newcastle; Manchester; Birmingham; Sheffield; Belfast; Glasgow
18
6 April 2018 (2018-04-06)
13 May 2018 (2018-05-13)

Worldwide
Antwerp; Turin; Vienna; Munich; Arnhem; Cologne; Montpellier; Lisbon
22
26 January 2018 (2018-01-26)
17 March 2018 (2018-03-17)

Zürich; Stockholm; Oslo; Helsinki; Copenhagen; Berlin; Paris; Turin; Amsterdam; Prague
26
18 May 2018 (2018-05-18)
22 September 2018 (2018-09-22)

text: UK tour dates[edit]

text:
Venue(s)

City(s)

Show(s)

Date(s)

The O2 Arena
London
2
19/20 January 2018

Metro Radio Arena
Newcastle
3
6–8 April 2018

Manchester Arena
Manchester
3
13–15 April 2018

Arena Birmingham
Birmingham
3
20–22 April 2018

The SSE Arena
Belfast
3
27–29 April 2018

FlyDSA Arena
Sheffield
3
4–6 May 2018

The SSE Hydro
Glasgow
3
11–13 May 2018

text: Worldwide tour dates[edit]

text:
Venue(s)

City(s)

Country(s)

Show(s)

Date(s)

Sportpaleis
Antwerp
Belgium
3
26–28 January 2018

Pala Alpitour
Turin
Italy
3
2–4 February 2018

Wiener Stadthalle
Vienna
Austria
3
9–11 February 2018

Olympiahalle
Munich
Germany
3
16–18 February 2018

Gelredome
Arnhem
The Netherlands
2
24/25 February 2018

Lanxess Arena
Cologne
Germany
3
2–4 March 2018

Park&Suites Arena
Montpellier
France
3
9–11 March 2018

Altice Arena
Lisbon
Portugal
2
16/17 March 2018

Hallenstadion
Zürich
Switzerland
3
18–20 May 2018

Ericsson Globe
Stockholm
Sweden
3
25–27 May 2018

Telenor Arena
Oslo
Norway
3
1–3 June 2018

Hartwall Arena
Helsinki
Finland
3
8–10 June 2018

Royal Arena
Copenhagen
Denmark
3
15–17 June 2018

Mercedes-Benz Arena
Berlin
Germany
3
22–24 June 2018

AccorHotels Arena
Paris
France
3
29 June–1 July 2018

Pala Alpitour
Turin
Italy
2
7/8 September 2018

Ziggo Dome
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
1
15 September 2018

O2 Arena
Prague
Czech Republic
2
21/22 September 2018

text: Soundtracks[edit]

text:
Fast & Furious soundtrack albums

Title
Release date

The Fast and the Furious: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
2001
First soundtrack to the 2001 film

More Fast and Furious
2001
Second soundtrack album to the 2001 film

2 Fast 2 Furious: Soundtrack
2003
Soundtrack to the 2003 film

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
2006
First soundtrack to the 2006 film

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (Original Motion Picture Score)
2006
Second soundtrack to the 2006 film

Fast & Furious: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
2009
First soundtrack to the 2009 film

Fast & Furious (Original Motion Picture Score)
2009
Second soundtrack to the 2009 film

Fast Five (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
2011
First soundtrack to the 2011 film

Fast Five: Original Motion Picture Score
2011
Second soundtrack to the 2011 film

Fast & Furious 6 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
2013
Soundtrack to the 2013 film

Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
2015
First soundtrack to the 2015 film

Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Score
2015
Second soundtrack to the 2015 film

The Fate of the Furious: The Album
2017
First soundtrack to the 2017 film

The Fate of the Furious: Original Motion Picture Score
2017
Second soundtrack to the 2017 film

text: Video games[edit]

text: The film series has spawned several racing video games for various systems. The arcade game The Fast and the Furious (known as Wild Speed in Japan) was released by Raw Thrills in 2004.[64] In 2006, the video game The Fast and the Furious was released for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. Several games (The Fast and the Furious: Pink Slip, Fast & Furious, Fast Five, Fast & Furious: Adrenaline, Fast & Furious 6: The Game and Fast & Furious Legacy) have all been released for iOS and are available on the iTunes App Store; for Android devices there is an official version of Fast & Furious 6: The Game and Fast & Furious Legacy. In 2013, Fast & Furious: Showdown was released for the PC (Windows OS), Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U and Nintendo 3DS. Various cars, locations and characters from the series have also appeared in the Facebook game Car Town. In 2015, in a deal with Microsoft Studios, a standalone expansion of Forza Horizon 2 for Xbox One and Xbox 360 was released titled Forza Horizon 2 Presents Fast & Furious.

text: Toys and model kits[edit]

text: Racing Champions released diecast metal replicas of the film's cars in different scales from 1/18 to 1/64.[65] RadioShack sold ZipZaps micro RC versions of the cars in 2002.[66] 1/24 scale plastic model kits of the hero cars were manufactured by AMT Ertl. Johnny Lightning, under the JL Full Throttle Brand, released 1/64th and 1/24th models of the cars from Tokyo Drift. These models were designed by Diecast Hall of Fame designer Eric Tscherne. Greenlight has also sold cars from the new films in the series and some from the previous films.[67] Hot Wheels has released 1/64 models since 2013.[68]

text: International locations[edit]

text: The Fast and the Furious franchise was filmed in a number of countries including: Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Spain, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and the United States.[69]