document_title: Jane the Virgin (season 1)

question_text: when does jane find out rogelio is her father

text: Jane the Virgin (season 1)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Gina Rodriguez as Jane Gloriana Villanueva
Andrea Navedo as Xiomara "Xo" Gloriana Villanueva
Yael Grobglas as Petra Solano
Justin Baldoni as Rafael Solano
Ivonne Coll as Alba Gloriana Villanueva
Brett Dier as Michael Cordero, Jr.
Jaime Camil as Rogelio de la Vega
Anthony Mendez as the Latin Lover Narrator (voice over)

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Yara Martinez as Dr. Luisa Alver
Bridget Regan as Rose Solano / Sin Rostro
Carlo Rota as Emilio Solano
Michael Rady as Lachlan
Diane Guerrero as Lina Santillan
Azie Tesfai as Detective Nadine Hansan
Brian Dare as Luca
Alano Miller as Roman Zazo
Priscilla Barnes as Magda

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)11"Chapter One"Brad SilberlingTeleplay by : Jennie Snyder UrmanOctober 13, 2014 (2014-10-13)1.61[1]
The series opens on a 23-year-old Jane working at a hotel to finance her studies and saving herself for marriage, finds her life turned upside down when she is artificially inseminated by accident. Jane is caught between her boyfriend Michael, who has no desire to raise another man's child, and Rafael, the owner of the sperm, whose battle with cancer means this is his only chance for a biological child. Petra, Rafael's wife, also wants the baby – but only to prolong her failing marriage while the pre-nuptial agreement is still in effect, where she would be able to acquire a huge amount of money. Petra is also found out to be having an affair with Rafael's best friend, named Roman Zazo. Meanwhile, Jane's mother, Xiomara, and grandmother have their own opinions about what Jane should do, influenced by Xiomara's unplanned pregnancy with Jane at a young age.

Flashback: A 10-year-old Jane's fiercely religious grandmother, Alba, makes her hold a white flower, then tells her to crumple it. After failing to restore the beauty of the flower, Alba tells the young Jane that her virginity is something that she could not restore or take back.
22"Chapter Two"Uta BriesewitzJennie Snyder UrmanOctober 20, 2014 (2014-10-20)1.36[2]
Jane doubts her decision when she stumbles upon Rafael's bad-boy past. Michael discovers that he and Petra have mutual interests, which puts him in a difficult position professionally. Xiomara pressures Jane to sue Dr. Alver, who turns to a surprising source for support. Rafael has no sympathy for his sister, until he realizes what a lawsuit against her could mean financial loss for him. Meanwhile Xiomara encounters Rogelio, Jane's father, who tries to persuade her into reuniting him with their daughter. However, Xiomara struggles with the decision to tell Jane about her father.
33"Chapter Three"Brad SilberlingMeredith AverillOctober 27, 2014 (2014-10-27)1.09[3]
Jane contemplates a major decision regarding her and Michael's relationship, eliciting contradictory advice from her mother and grandmother. Petra pressures Michael, and when Jane accidentally witnesses one of their furtive meetings, she and Michael fight. Jane gets to know Rafael better, with unintended emotional results. Xiomara continues to stall Rogelio, who, getting impatient, takes action of his own.
44"Chapter Four"Debbie AllenCorinne BrinkerhoffNovember 3, 2014 (2014-11-03)1.01[4]
Jane fights her growing feelings for Rafael, which gives both her and Michael second thoughts about their impending wedding. Michael continues trying to prevent Petra's arrest. Rafael's father, Emilio, doubts his son's ability to run the hotel. Meanwhile, Luisa has disappeared. Rogelio ensures that his and Jane's paths cross several more times. Xiomara finally tells Jane about the real identity of her father -- as opposed to what she has told her daughter prior. Jane is left devastated, feeling betrayed by her mother's lies.
55"Chapter Five"Edward OrnelasJosh ReimsNovember 10, 2014 (2014-11-10)1.22[5]
Having learned the truth about her biological father, Jane is still angry at Xo (Xiomara) for keeping it a secret. As a result, Jane moves in with her fiance Michael in order to sort out her feelings. Jane decides to meet Rogelio at the studio for the first time, but he is not the type of person she had expected him to be. Meanwhile, Rafael wants to divorce Petra after figuring out about her tryst with Roman Zazo. Petra's mother, Magda, persuades her to take an alternate approach in order to acquire the hotel and Rafael's money. Another hotel employee is found murdered and Michael confides in Rafael about the police investigation into the hotel's finances and about Zazo's underworld connections. Also, Michael's career criminal brother arrives in town and Michael does his best to keep it to himself. While cleaning up at Michael's apartment, Jane finds out that Michael has not told her about Petra and Zazo's affair, and she storms off.
66"Chapter Six"Jann TurnerPaul SciarrottaNovember 17, 2014 (2014-11-17)1.09[6]
Alienated with Michael and Rafael keeping secrets from her, Jane decides to bond more with Rogelio and meets his teenage stepdaughters who are not very nice to Jane at all. Jane tries to bond with them, but soon learns about their deviousness and manipulative nature. Meanwhile, Rogelio tries to persuade Xo to hire his band to perform at the nightclub where she works. Under pressure by her family to speed up her scam, Petra has Rafael arrested by framing him for domestic abuse. Meanwhile, Jane must decide where she stands on her relationship with Michael, who tries to win her back. Rafael gets closer to Jane, and makes a decision about what to do with his growing feelings towards her.
77"Chapter Seven"Janice CookeDavid S. RosenthalNovember 24, 2014 (2014-11-24)0.96[7]
Five years ago, Jane describes her meeting with Rafael to Xo, who warns her that he might be a playboy. After sharing a kiss, Rafael tries to pursue a relationship with Jane. Xiomara warns Jane about the implications of this, saying that there are far too many consequences and that Jane is too smart for it, Jane decides to tell Rafael that she needs more time to think about their relationship. Meanwhile, Michael has made progress about his investigations about a criminal referred to as Sin Rostro. After deciding that it is best for them to not pursue a relationship, Xiomara and Rogelio find dates of their own and go on a double date. Rafael then goes to Mexico City to look for his sister, who has gone missing, in order to save his hotel.
88"Chapter Eight"Norman BuckleyJosh Reims & Carolina RiveraDecember 8, 2014 (2014-12-08)1.22[8]
Set two weeks after the last episode, Rafael goes back and tells Jane that he wasn't able to find his sister. On the day of the proceedings regarding Jane's lawsuit, Luisa does show up, thus making the case harder to win. Xiomara dates the father of one of her students in her dance class, which makes Rogelio jealous, but realizes that it wasn't working. In order to stop Luisa from telling the truth about their affair, Rose (her ex-lover, now her father's trophy wife) tells and manipulates Rafael that Luisa is having delusions, forcing their father to commit Luisa to a mental institution. The whole case makes Jane's grandmother very nervous - it is then revealed that Alba is an illegal immigrant from Venezuela and is afraid that people will find out because of the lawsuit. Jane decides to drop the case, and Rafael tells her the truth about the lawsuit: that by suing Luisa, she was actually suing him.
99"Chapter Nine"Zetna FuentesCorinne BrinkerhoffDecember 15, 2014 (2014-12-15)1.28[9]
Xiomara meets her childhood idol Paulina Rubio when she attends an awards show with Rogelio, who is expecting to win best actor in a telenovela. Meanwhile, Petra escalates her personal war against Rafael to get her hands on more of his money while her captive/blackmailer, Ivan, plots a way to escape her and Magda's room. Petra's background story is revealed along with the story of how her mother, Magda, was disfigured, and the reasons why she fled from the Czech Republic six years earlier. Also, Michael begins to suspect that Rafael is or may know the shadowy criminal referred to as Sin Rostro, and he has his troublesome brother investigate. Just when Michael finds evidence in an office safe revealing false passports and cash, the evidence again disappears. Jane thinks back to when she used to write short stories about herself and when she receives notice that one, which she wrote about Xiomara's lurid past, is going to be published, she is worried about telling her mother about it. When Jane and Rafael make a background check on Petra and learn that her name and past references are false, they confront her and force her to drop her lawsuit. In the end, when a drunk Alba stumbles upon the captive Ivan, Petra's mother (who is revealed to be able-bodied) attempts to murder her by pushing her down a flight of fire escape stairs.
1010"Chapter Ten"Elodie KeeneMeredith Averill & Christopher Oscar PeñaJanuary 19, 2015 (2015-01-19)1.39[10]
A hurricane hits Miami. Jane is forced to stay at the Marbella Hotel to wait out the storm which puts her in close proximity to both Rafael and Michael. Rogelio rushes to Xo's side while Alba remains in the hospital in critical condition after her assault. Rafael returns as the hotel's boss and must make some difficult choices on layoffs. Michael attempts to help Alba when she is threatened with deportation when is it known that she has been living illegally in the US for over 40 years. Meanwhile, Ivan finally escapes from Petra and Magna's captivity, but he must wait out the storm with them before he can try to escape for real. Elsewhere, Luisa, still confined to a mental hospital, receives a visit from Rose who wants to continue their romance, but only in secret. Michael attempts to tell Jane that Rafael is not who he appears to be after discovering a secret medical lab beneath the hotel which gives plastic surgery to fugitive suspects. Rafael continues to deny any criminal connections to the shadowy Sin Rostro, and he convinces Jane that Michael is just jealous about the two of them being together. Alba wakes up from her coma, but since she was very drunk, she has no memory about what happened to her. After doing some of her own investigation, Rose confides in Rafael that she suspects that his own father may be Sin Rostro.
1111"Chapter Eleven"Joanna KernsGracie GlassmeyerJanuary 26, 2015 (2015-01-26)1.55[11]
Jane is torn when she is offered a permanent position at the Catholic middle school, even as Rogelio offers her a writing internship at his telenovela. Meanwhile, Alba tells Xo to keep the promise she made about Rogelio. Meanwhile, Michael goes against his boss's orders when his suspicions grow that Rafael is involved with Sin Rostro and begins to follow Rafael around who, at the same time, begins his own investigation to the mysterious underground surgery center. Jane invites Rafael over for dinner where he does not make a good impression on Xo and Alba when he implies he would support Jane becoming a stay-at-home mom. Elsewhere, Petra becomes worried that her former gangster lover, Milos, will come looking for her. So, she asks Lachlan for assistance to help move her to another hotel, but Magda rightfully does not trust Lachlan.
1212"Chapter Twelve"Gina LamarDavid S. RosenthalFebruary 2, 2015 (2015-02-02)1.24[12]
Jane gets her big break in her new career writing, but she correctly suspects Rogelio is involved in getting her the job. Jane learns that her first work assignment is to write Rogelio's character Santos being killed off. Rafael continues to be skeptic to Rose's accusations that his father is Sin Rostro. Meanwhile, Petra's past finally catches up with her when her former lover, the violent Czech gangster Milos, arrives and is determined to win her back any way he can, which includes revealing Magda's secret that she has been keeping from her. Jane and Rafael visit Luisa still confined to the mental hospital where Rafael does not want to be drawn back into his estranged sister's drama any more, while Luisa gives Jane a confidential letter to give to Rose. Elsewhere, Michael, despite being suspended from the police force due to the jealous and vindictive Nadine ratting him out, continues his own investigation with more determination than ever to expose any connection between Rafael and Sin Rostro by investigating the plastic surgeon who may be connected to the hotel. In a shocking twist ending, a recurring character is killed off, and the identity of Sin Rostro is finally revealed.
1313"Chapter Thirteen"Howard DeutchJosh ReimsFebruary 9, 2015 (2015-02-09)1.34[13]
Jane and Rafael are eager to know the baby's sex, but during a routine ultrasound, they experience medical problems and fears about complications that might set in which unsettles both of them. When Jane is put on bed rest for 48 hours, she realizes that she may have to miss her college graduation. Meanwhile, Alba keeps quiet about something she is humiliated to talk about to her daughter, Xo; that Alba has developed a crush on a fellow man in her physical therapy class. Rogelio decides to start looking for a new acting job, but his ego and picky choices get in the way. Elsewhere, Michael believes he has found out who Sin Rostro is, but he must capture him before he flees. Investigating the missing Emilio's whereabouts and about his overseas money transfers, Michael and Nadine realize that from the various clues including Luisa's letter, the hotel's construction permits, an interrogation of Emilio's mistress to his whereabouts during the two murders, and the dying words of the bellhop (whose dying words "Sin Rostro" were actually meant to identify the person standing over him at the time) they thereby finally discover the real identity of Sin Rostro. Also, Petra is torn between which two men in her life to be with; the charming but scheming Lachlan, and the ill-tempered and equally scheming Milos.
1414"Chapter Fourteen"Brad SilberlingPaul SciarrottaFebruary 16, 2015 (2015-02-16)1.31[14]
Michael attempts to convince Jane that Rafael is involved with hiding his father's involvement, which he succeeds as Jane questions her baby's father and his motives when Roman Zazo's twin brother arrives in town. Xo and Rogelio are at odds when they are forced to speak with each other by Jane when Rogelio wants to go to Mexico for a job offer and Xo is torn over wanting him to stay in town. Also, Petra discovers a new way to make Rafael's life more miserable when she returns with her confidence and craftyness restored, determined to take ownership of the hotel. Meanwhile, Jane questions her future with Rafael when her friends and co-workers throw her a baby shower. Elsewhere, Rafael finally has Luisa released from the mental hospital where she recalls first meeting Rose five years earlier. Luisa's cooperation with Michael reveals the burial location of hers and Rafael's murdered father. Petra takes advantage of Luisa's continuing unbalanced mental state to manipulate her into giving Petra the majority of the Marbella Hotel's stock shares. Luisa also gets in contact with Rose and skips town to join her abroad.
1515"Chapter Fifteen"Melanie MayronEmmylou Diaz & David S. RosenthalMarch 9, 2015 (2015-03-09)1.26[15]
Jane and Rafael receive exciting news about their baby's health. They resume the topic of moving in together and Rafael surprises Jane. Alba gives bad advice to Jane and Xo. Meanwhile, Petra makes an ally with Rafael when Lachlan attempts to blackmail her to resign her co-ownership of the hotel. Also, Michael informs Jane about her favorite author visiting the Marbella.
1616"Chapter Sixteen"Joanna KernsJosh Reims & Carolina RiveraMarch 16, 2015 (2015-03-16)1.10[16]
When Jane gets a case of writer's block due to the tension between her and Rafael, she signs herself up for a romance writing workshop for research, and she thinks she has found her solution. Meanwhile, Petra tries to find a musical performer for the Mirabella's Calle Ocho celebration, but it forces her to team up with Rafael to ask Rogelio for help. Also, Rogelio is struggling with his new character as a detective, so he gets the brilliant idea to tag along with Michael for real cop experience, who at the same time, is investigating Roman Zazo's murder by tailing a suspected drug dealer. Elsewhere, Xo makes a decision to move in with Rogelio which causes a rift between her and Alba.
1717"Chapter Seventeen"Uta BriesewitzAmy Rardin & Jessica O'TooleApril 6, 2015 (2015-04-06)0.93[17]
Jane does more research about pregnancy as well as nursing, which leads herself to volunteer to babysit for her new friend Andie's infant niece. Jane is unaware that Andie happens to be Michael's former girlfriend from years ago. Andie finds out who Jane is and decides to use that to try to win Michael back. Meanwhile, Rafael and Petra become overwhelmed while planning a party to bring in more business for the failing Marbella. But when things take a turn for the worse, Rafael takes what happens very badly which makes Jane wonder if parenthood is the right thing for him. Xo and Alba continue to be estranged following Xo moving in with Rogelio who is oblivious to Xo's advances to make him say "I love you" to her. Also, Rogelio and Michael grow closer as friends, which makes both Jane and Rafael uncomfortable. Elsewhere, Petra continues to be curious about Aaron Zazo, but she becomes unsettled when she suspects that Aaron may in fact be Roman.
1818"Chapter Eighteen"Edward OrnelasMeredith AverillApril 13, 2015 (2015-04-13)1.03[18]
After Jane unintentionally ruins Rafael's chances of getting the hotel's liquor license back when she mouths off to the abrasive and cold-hearted city counselwoman Alexis Falco, he persuades her to become chummy with the antagonistic Alexis to make things right. But Jane learns that she will have to miss her family's annual Easter dinner and festivities. Meanwhile, Rafael gets information about his birth mother from the private detective he has hired, but the long-awaited reunion with his mother doesn't go very well when Rafael learns the truth about his mother's departure which mirrors the problems he currently has with Jane. Rogelio's equally vain and shallow mother, Liliana (guest star Rita Moreno), comes for a visit, but she and Xo do not get along at all due to their bad history. Alba takes a big step in her growing romance with Edward (guest star Cheech Marin), the man in her physical therapy class, by asking him out on a date, but she later finds out from Jane that he happens to be a priest. Also, Jane finally finds out that Michael is Andie's former boyfriend, but she says nothing so that Michael can stop pouting after her. Elsewhere, Petra becomes more convinced that Aaron is actually somehow really Roman (even though Roman was impaled by an ice sculpture). She enlists Michael's help to get confirmation.
1919"Chapter Nineteen"Robert LuketicEmmylou Diaz & David S. RosenthalApril 20, 2015 (2015-04-20)1.05[19]
Jane becomes desperate to fix things with Rafael and suggests working on a way to help them move past their problems by seeing a couples therapist. Lina throws a baby shower for Jane with everyone attending which makes Rafael realize that although he does love Jane, their differences continue to fill him with doubt about a future together. Jane finally confronts Andie about investigating her in order to win Michael back, and is forced to come clean to Michael about it. Meanwhile, Xo has been keeping a secret from Rogelio about kissing another guy, but when she finally comes clean to him after seeing him flirt with Jane's workshop mentor, Rogelio's negative reaction surprises her. Alba has a flashback of who pushed her down the stairs when she sees Petra's mother from a distance. Still dealing with the Sin Rostro aftermath, Michael makes an upsetting discovery about who was involved in stopping his investigation all along. Elsewhere, Petra finds herself in a dire situation leaving her to save herself from Roman/Aaron Zazo who holds her captive at a remote cabin in a swamp.
2020"Chapter Twenty"Debbie AllenCorinne Brinkerhoff & Paul SciarrottaApril 27, 2015 (2015-04-27)1.06[20]
Jane deals with the aftermath after her breakup with Rafael, feeling pressured that she must now do things on her own. Jane reports to Michael of the new evidence in Alba's accident. Petra's mother returns to Florida, and it causes stress for Jane since she knows that Magda attempted to murder Alba. Meanwhile, Xiomara attempts to fix things with Rogelio, but the egotistical actor is not quick to forgive despite his own shortcomings. Also, Rafael's sister, Luisa, returns to town with a new girlfriend, a pro-wrestler, and suggests holding a "wrestling brawl" to bring in some short-term money and publicity for the hotel. Alba's suitor, Edward, again asks her out on a date and Alba accepts despite not knowing where it will lead. When Petra, Magda, along with their former captive Ivan, cover up the attempt on Alba's life and Rafael buys their side of the story (that Alba was drunk and unaware of her surroundings) Jane decides to take long-term action.
2121"Chapter Twenty-One"Stuart GillardJessica O'Toole & Amy RardinMay 4, 2015 (2015-05-04)1.05[21]
Jane tells Rafael about her decision to sue him for sole custody of the baby. Petra, after causing tension between her and Jane, tries to fix the issue after Rafael confides in Petra about Jane's decision. Meanwhile, Jane attends her five-year high school reunion, but she confesses that she did not expect what her life would do at the moment. Xo and Rogelio rehearse for their show, but Xo remains confused as why Rogelio is acting odd. Elsewhere, Jane agrees to attend Michael's police force commendation, but sets a few ground rules.
2222"Chapter Twenty-Two"Zetna FuentesJosh Reims & Jennie Snyder UrmanMay 11, 2015 (2015-05-11)1.24[22]
Jane falls into false labor, but she insists her parents go to their show in Las Vegas, Nevada. However, when they leave, Jane really does goes into labor. Xo attempts everything she can to return back in Florida, but Rogelio feels as if he is left out. Michael and Rafael try to make things easier for Jane during her labor, but their presence causes only tension for both of them. Alba is excited to tell her special friend about the baby's arrival. Meanwhile, Petra discovers some worrisome news about Rafael and contemplates whether to tell him or not. Also, Michael's former partner, Nadine, shows up where she wants to cooperate with him in tracking down Sin Rostro. In a series of climatic twists, Jane gives birth to a baby boy, not a girl as she was expecting. She names the baby  Mateo Gloriano Rogelio Solano Villanueva. Nadine escapes from Michael's custody, only he lets her escape hoping that she will lead him to Sin Rostro. Xo and Rogelio learn that they got married during a drunken bender back in Vegas. Petra decides to not tell Rafael that his sperm was split into two samples, and Petra takes the second sample of Rafael's sperm away from the sperm bank for herself. A nurse quietly snatches Jane's baby from the nursery at the hospital and gives it to Rose (Sin Rostro) who takes the baby away with her in a limousine for places unknown.

text: Production and development[edit]

text: On June 27, 2013, American television network The CW announced that it was planning to release a new show based on the Venezuelan soap opera Juana La Virgen.[23] On February 23, 2014, Entertainment Weekly announced that Rodriguez would play the title role of Jane Villanueva.[24][25] On May 8, 2014, during The CW's 2014–2015 upfronts, the series was officially picked up.[26] On July 18, 2014, an extended trailer was released by The CW. On August 8, 2014, it was announced that White Collar's Bridget Regan and Azie Tesfai would join the series as respectively Rose, a former lawyer, and Detective Nadine Hansan, a police detective and rival to Dier's character.[27] On August 10, 2014, TVLine announced that Melrose Place and Emily Owens, M.D. actor Michael Rady would join the series as Lachlan.[28] Filming for season one commenced on July 28, 2014.[29] The show is filmed on soundstages in Los Angeles[29][30] and the pilot was filmed in Huntington Beach, California.[31] On October 21, 2014, the show was given a full season order.[32]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating/share(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"Chapter One"

October 13, 2014 (2014-10-13)
0.6/2
1.61[1]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

2

"Chapter Two"

October 20, 2014 (2014-10-20)
0.5/1
1.36[2]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

3

"Chapter Three"

October 27, 2014 (2014-10-27)
0.4/1
1.09[3]
0.3
N/A
0.7[33]
N/A

4

"Chapter Four"

November 3, 2014 (2014-11-03)
0.4/2
1.01[4]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

5

"Chapter Five"

November 10, 2014 (2014-11-10)
0.5/1
1.22[5]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

6

"Chapter Six"

November 17, 2014 (2014-11-17)
0.4/1
1.11[6]
0.3
N/A
0.7[34]
N/A

7

"Chapter Seven"

November 24, 2014 (2014-11-24)
0.4/1
0.96[7]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

8

"Chapter Eight"

December 8, 2014 (2014-12-08)
0.5/1
1.22[8]
0.3
N/A
0.8[35]
N/A

9

"Chapter Nine"

December 15, 2014 (2014-12-15)
0.5/2
1.28[9]
0.3
0.62
0.8
1.90[36]

10

"Chapter Ten"

January 19, 2015 (2015-01-19)
0.5/1
1.39[10]
0.3
N/A
0.8[37]
N/A

11

"Chapter Eleven"

January 26, 2015 (2015-01-26)
0.6/2
1.55[11]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

12

"Chapter Twelve"

February 2, 2015 (2015-02-02)
0.5/1
1.24[12]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

13

"Chapter Thirteen"

February 9, 2015 (2015-02-09)
0.6/2
1.34[13]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

14

"Chapter Fourteen"

February 16, 2015 (2015-02-16)
0.6/2
1.31[14]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

15

"Chapter Fifteen"

March 9, 2015 (2015-03-09)
0.5/1
1.26[15]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

16

"Chapter Sixteen"

March 16, 2015 (2015-03-16)
0.5/1
1.10[16]
0.3
N/A
0.8[38]
N/A

17

"Chapter Seventeen"

April 6, 2015 (2015-04-06)
0.4/1
0.93[17]
0.3
N/A
0.7[39]
N/A

18

"Chapter Eighteen"

April 13, 2015 (2015-04-13)
0.4/1
1.03[18]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

19

"Chapter Nineteen"

April 20, 2015 (2015-04-20)
0.4/1
1.05[19]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

20

"Chapter Twenty"

April 27, 2015 (2015-04-27)
0.4/1
1.06[20]
0.3
N/A
0.7[40]
N/A

21

"Chapter Twenty-One"

May 4, 2015 (2015-05-04)
0.5/1
1.05[21]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

22

"Chapter Twenty-Two"

May 11, 2015 (2015-05-11)
0.5/1
1.24[22]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

text: Home media[edit]

text: The DVD release of season one is set to be released in Region 1 on September 29, 2015.

text:
The Complete First Season

Set details

Special features

22 episodes
968 minutes (Region 1)
5-disc set
1.78:1 aspect ratio
Languages:
English (Dolby Digital 2.0)

Jane the Virgin: Immaculate Creation. Go behind the scenes and get a peek into the creation of the show
Getting to Know the Cast of Jane the Virgin
Gag Reel
Deleted Scenes

Release dates

 United States

 United Kingdom

 Australia

September 29, 2015[41]

March 1, 2017[42]


document_title: San Diego Trolley

question_text: san diego trolley how late does it run

question_tokens: san diego trolley how late does it run

root

text: San Diego Trolley

text: History[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Although electric rail service in San Diego traces its roots back to 1891 when John D. Spreckels incorporated the San Diego Electric Railway,[8] today's operating company, San Diego Trolley Incorporated (SDTI), was not founded until 1980[8] when the Metropolitan Transit Development Board (now operating as MTS) began planning a light-rail service along the Main Line of the San Diego and Arizona Eastern Railway (SD&AE Railway), which had been purchased by MTDB from Southern Pacific Railroad in 1979.[8] Service began on July 19, 1981, with revenue collection beginning on July 26, 1981.[8] 14 trains operated on a single line between Centre City or Downtown San Diego and San Ysidro, with stops in the cities of San Diego, National City, and Chula Vista.[9]

tag: p

text: On March 23, 1986, SDTI opened an extension east from Centre City San Diego to Euclid Avenue, along the La Mesa Branch of the SD&AE Railway – this new second line of the Trolley was then called the East Line.[8][9] Service was extended along the same line to Spring Street on May 12, 1989[8] serving Lemon Grove, and then to La Mesa and on to El Cajon on June 23, 1989.[8] Service from El Cajon to Santee, which does not operate along the old SD&AE right-of-way, began on August 26, 1995.[8][9]

text: The "Bayside" extension of the Trolley in Centre City San Diego opened on June 30, 1990.[10] The first phase of the Old Town extension, from C Street to Little Italy in Centre City San Diego, opened on July 2, 1992.[10] The second phase of that extension, running from Little Italy to Old Town, opened on June 16, 1996.[9][10]

text: The "Mission Valley West" SDTI extension from Old Town to Mission San Diego commenced service on November 23, 1997[9][10] – it was at this time that the former South Line and East Line of the system were renamed the Blue Line and the Orange Line, respectively.[8][10] The "Mission Valley East" extension from Mission San Diego to La Mesa began operating on July 10, 2005,[10] with the inauguration of the third line of the San Diego Trolley system, the Green Line.

text: Early history[edit]

text: The planning for the San Diego Trolley began in 1966 under the auspices of the Comprehensive Planning Organization (CPO), an intergovernmental agency of 13 cities and San Diego County.[9] San Diego's streetcar system had been replaced with buses in 1949. In 1966 the local bus company, San Diego Transit, was facing a financial crisis and public takeover. The CPO developed a mass-transit plan to address the long-range transportation issues of the metropolitan area.

text: Little progress was made in the decade 1966–1975. CPO continued to research options for addressing the region's transportation needs. Several prominent stakeholders submitted their own mass-transit master plans for the region. The alternatives studied in the decade included:

text:
Restoration of the 1949 streetcar system for $1.3 billion
BART-like system featuring 417 stations on a system of 284 miles (457 km) for $2–5 billion
Elevated system featuring automatic rapid transit vehicles for $1 billion
Short demonstration light-rail line (Airport to Downtown), for $20 million
Express bus system on freeways

tag: ul

text: The debate between rail rapid transit and light rail was conducted without reference to any specific right-of-way or railroad tracks. The CPO's 1975 Regional Comprehensive Plan described a $1.5 billion rail-rapid transit system in San Diego featuring a system of 58 miles (93 km) and 11 lines. However, by this time, it was widely acknowledged by public officials that the BART-like system would be much more expensive than light rail. Rail rapid plans were stalled due to high costs. Proponents of the rail rapid system were concerned about the low speed of at-grade streetcar systems. Operating deficits were also a concern. A 1974 CPO study concluded that a streetcar system would incur operating deficits of $1.9 million annually. It was also understood that any BART-like system would incur substantial deficits.

text: The Metropolitan Transit Development Board[edit]

text:
[hide]
[

v
t
e

]
San Diego Trolley

Legend

 System diagram

Morena/Linda Vista

 Old Town Transit Center

Fashion Valley Transit Center

Washington Street

Hazard Center

Middletown

Mission Valley Center

County Center/Little Italy

Rio Vista

 Santa Fe Depot

Fenton Parkway

America Plaza

Seaport Village

Qualcomm Stadium

Civic Center

Convention Center

Fifth Avenue

Gaslamp Quarter

Mission San Diego

City College

Grantville

Park & Market

12th & Imperial Transit Center

SDSU Transit Center

Storage & Maintenance Yard

Barrio Logan

Alvarado Medical Center

Harborside

25th & Commercial

Pacific Fleet

32nd & Commercial

8th Street

47th Street

24th Street

Euclid Avenue

Bayfront/E Street

Encanto/62nd Street

H Street

Massachusetts Avenue

Palomar Street

Lemon Grove Depot

Palm Avenue

Spring Street

Iris Avenue

La Mesa Boulevard

Beyer Boulevard

70th Street

San Ysidro Transit Center

Grossmont Transit Center

Amaya Drive

El Cajon Transit Center

Arnele Avenue

Gillespie Field

Santee Town Center

text: The creation of the Metropolitan Transit Development Board (MTDB) in 1976 with a clearly stated mission initially did not resolve differences between the many stakeholders. However, MTDB did analyze previous transit studies, and determined that the guideway system should satisfy the following principles:

text:
Corridor should extend a long distance and offer high-speed operation
Low capital cost designs should be adopted, to keep the costs within an affordable range
Construction should be at-grade with mostly exclusive right-of-way
Operating deficits should be minimized

text: A feasibility study completed in 1975 identified the unit costs of guideway options, including the estimation of ‘typical section’ per-linear-foot costs for six guideway types: (1) cut-and-cover subway; (2) tunnel bore; (3) ‘aerial line’; (4) open-cut line with retaining walls; (5) sidehill berm cut line; (6) at-grade line. In addition, the MTDB's enabling legislation explicitly required the guideway system to satisfy the following criteria, consistent with the principles adopted by the Board: priority consideration shall be given to technologies available and in use; guideway system shall be capable of being brought into operation incrementally; transportation rights-of-way of public entities shall be utilized to minimize construction costs. The adoption of the principles effectively required either a ‘light rail vehicle’ capable of street running (to avoid grade separation), or a commuter-rail like design terminating at the Santa Fe Depot.

text: The MTDB's enabling legislation also provided a dedicated funding source for guideway construction that would expire in 1981. Urgency was created since the dedicated funding would revert to the State highway fund if not expended on mass-transit guideway construction. In 1976–77, considerable planning efforts were completed. MTDB's 1977 "Guideway Planning Project: Phase I Report" identified many alignment options: Interstate highways I-5, I-8, and I-805; State Routes 94 and 163; railroad rights-of-way owned by Santa Fe (AT&SF) and by Southern Pacific/San Diego & Arizona Eastern (SD&AE); local arterials El Cajon Boulevard, 4th/6th/Genesee Avenues, and Highland/National/3rd/5th Avenues.

text: This report dismissed the use of local arterials for line-haul purposes, due to the cost of aerial or tunnel guideways. "A guideway extending from El Cajon easterly (parallel to I-8) to the vicinity of I-5/Santa Fe Railroad, then southerly through Centre City to San Ysidro parallel to I-5 and SD&AE" was recommended as the first increment. As planning intensified, Phase II of the "Guideway Planning Project" was under way, with efforts initially focusing on the El Cajon Line with the higher ridership potential. However, nature intervened.

text: Tropical Storm Kathleen[edit]

text: On September 10, 1976, Tropical Storm Kathleen destroyed parts of SD&AE's Desert Line, at the time a part of the Southern Pacific (SP) system.[9] The hurricane caused $1.3 million worth of damage, primarily in the eastern part of the state. Through freight service to Arizona was suspended and San Diego became an isolated portion of the SP system. SP petitioned for abandonment of the SD&AE on August 9, 1977, of all tracks west of Plaster City, while the MTDB guideway planning project was ongoing. Due to the apparently immediate availability of a right-of-way in the South Bay Corridor, the transit planning refocused on the SD&AE (SP) Tijuana line, making it the effective ‘minimum operable segment’.

text: At the same time, the San Diego County Board of Supervisors became concerned about the freight service on the SD&AE. Direct freight service to the East was seen as vital to the county's economic interests and the continued viability of San Diego as a deep-water port. With an eye towards preserving freight service and future transit right-of-way, San Diego County commissioned its own internal study effort, "Feasibility of Using Existing SD&AE ROW for Commuter Service", to examine using a portion of the SD&AE tracks for light rail or diesel passenger service sharing track with freight services. Part of the motivation for considering the SD&AE was to "operate the freight service at a profit through changes to work rules, relief from property taxes, and sharing of costs with the transit operation".

text: Transit alternatives[edit]

text: By late 1977, two major transit investment studies were under way focusing on the same corridor: the MTDB-sponsored "Guideway Planning Project", and San Diego County's "SD&AE ROW Feasibility Study".

text: 1. The Base Case: MTDB described the base case as a modified bus network that retained the same number of total vehicles as the present San Diego Transit system.

text: 2. MTDB's All-Bus Improvement Alternative: This "low capital cost" system would have introduced high-occupancy vehicle lanes on freeways and invested in higher capacity buses and express routes.

text: 3. MTDB's Rail Improvement Alternative, San Diego County's "Light Rail Electric": This "medium capital cost" has electric light-rail transit replacing buses in the South Line corridor and would re-deploy the buses on feeder services.

text: 4. MTDB's Fully Separated Rail Freight Service Alternative: MTDB examined the possibility of an exclusive double-track South Line on the SD&AE right-of-way. Under this freight rationalization proposal, freight trains would operate over the parallel Coronado Spur south to Imperial Beach, and via 2 miles (3.2 km) of new right-of-way and 5 miles (8 km) of "shared corridor" parallel operations on dedicated tracks to reach Tijuana.

text: 5. San Diego County's "Leased Diesel" Option: The county saw the leased diesel (equivalent to present day commuter rail) as the lowest initial cost option with the least time required to begin service. Facilities would be designed to be convertible to light rail when more funds became available.

text: 6. San Diego County's "Light Rail Diesel" Option: The county was interested in the self-powered diesel rail cars for its lower capital costs, however, noted that the vehicles were not then approved by the California Public Utilities Commission for one-person operation.

text: Implementation[edit]

text: In 1978, the MTDB successfully negotiated with SP to purchase the SD&AE for $18.1 million, including the $1.3 million required to restore the hurricane-damaged freight line. This was a dual-intent decision, to preserve both rail freight services to the Imperial Valley, and to preserve available right-of-way for future transit use. In light of cheaper light-rail options identified in the MTDB and San Diego County studies, more expensive options such as a proposed $325 million rail-rapid transit line on a new right-of-way to the border seemed less competitive. There was universal agreement that using the SD&AE right-of-way and light rail technology was more economical and practical than a new rail-rapid transit line.

text: Construction of the San Diego Trolley proceeded incrementally. The initial construction of new track focused mainly in downtown San Diego. The work on the SD&AE railroad track is best described as ‘rehabilitation’. The MTDB replaced 40% of all ties, cropped and welded the jointed rail, constructed electric catenaries, and installed an absolute block signal system. To control costs, the San Diego Trolley ordered only 14 cars, and did not install ‘mimic’ boards or the on-train location equipment until after the East Line was completed in 1989. No new sidings were initially installed on the SD&AE segment, which had three passing sidings between San Diego and San Ysidro. Service started at 15-minute headways using the rehabilitated single-track line.

text: San Diego Trolley opened in 1981 with 13.5 miles (21.7 km) of operations on the South Line. Additional vehicles were purchased in 1983, and the South Line was mostly double-tracked by 1984, largely on the strength of demand for more frequent headways. The business plan's incremental building and funding approach was vindicated. The East Line opened to Euclid Avenue in 1986, and was extended to El Cajon in 1989 and Santee in 1995. Service was extended northward to Old Town in 1996 and then eastward in Mission Valley in both 1997 and 2005.[10]

text: The transit center at 12th & Imperial, in the southeastern portion of downtown San Diego, has historically been used as the transfer point between the various lines, and is located adjacent to the Trolley's maintenance facilities. It is a recognizable landmark in the neighborhood, as it includes a grey clocktower with red clock. It is located two blocks east of the main entrance to Petco Park and is the station serving that facility.

text: Current service[edit]

text: Lines[edit]

text: Trolley service operates on three daily lines: the Blue, Green, and Orange Lines, and travels through 53 stations and 53.5 total miles of double-track rail.[1] A fourth line, the heritage streetcar Silver Line, operates more limited weekday and weekend service, in a clockwise 'circle-loop' around downtown San Diego only.[2]

text:
Line
Opening[1]
Length[1]
Stations[1]
End Points
Operation

 Blue Line
1981
15.4 mi (24.8 km)
18
America Plaza -to-
San Ysidro Transit Center
Daily

 Green Line
2005
23.6 mi (38.0 km)
27
12th & Imperial Transit Center -to-
Santee Town Center
Daily

 Orange Line
1986
18.0 mi (29.0 km)[citation needed]
18
America Plaza -to-
El Cajon Transit Center
Daily

 Silver Line
2011
2.7 mi (4.3 km)
9
loops through: 12th & Imperial Transit Center
Mid-day on Selected Days

text: Stations[edit]

text: The San Diego Trolley system has 53 stations serving its four Trolley lines.[11]

text: Fourteen of the Trolley system's stations operate as transfer stations, which allow passengers to transfer between lines. There are two "universal" transfer points (i.e., allowing transfers among all four lines) in the system in downtown San Diego: the 12th & Imperial Transit Center station, and the America Plaza/Santa Fe Depot stations. Six Trolley stations are end-of-line stations. Of the 53 San Diego Trolley stations, 37 stations are within the city limits of San Diego, serving various neighborhoods in San Diego; the other 16 stations are located in the cities of Chula Vista, El Cajon, La Mesa, Lemon Grove, National City, and Santee.

text: Most of the stations in the San Diego Trolley system are 'at-grade' stations. There are 8 aerial stations, mostly on the newer Green Line. There is just one Trolley station in the system that is underground – the SDSU Transit Center station – also on the Green Line.

text: About half of San Diego Trolley stations offer free parking (i.e. Park & Ride). Most Trolley stations offer connections to MTS bus lines.

text: Hours of operation[edit]

text: The San Diego Trolley's three main lines operate regular service between 5am and midnight, seven days a week. Limited service on particular segments is provided before 5am and after midnight, however; but there is no rail service between 2am and 3:30am.[12] During these hours when there is no passenger service, freight trains of the San Diego and Imperial Valley Railroad operate on the trolley's right of way.

text: Service on the Blue Line operates every 15 minutes, seven days a week, with service every 7.5 minutes during weekday rush-hours; late-night service on this line runs every 30 minutes.[12] The Green and Orange Lines operate service every 15 minutes on Monday-Saturday mid-days, but every 30 minutes on weekend mornings, on Sundays, and during evenings.[12]

text: Fares and fare collection[edit]

text: The fare for a standard one-way Trolley ticket is $2.50, and one-way tickets are good for two hours from the time of purchase.[13] Transfers between trolley lines are free, provided it is to complete the one-way trip;[13] but round-trips are not allowed on a one-way ticket.[13] Transfers to MTS/NCTD buses, the Coaster and the Sprinter are also not free with a standard one-way Trolley ticket. However, a Day Pass (good for one calendar day) is unlimited use, and allows unlimited travel on the San Diego Trolley system for that day, as well as most MTS & NCTD bus systems, and the north country Sprinter light rail service.[13] A RegionPlus Day Pass allows unlimited service on all of the above named systems, as well as MTS Premium buses and the Coaster commuter rail, for one calendar day.[13]

text: The following table shows San Diego MTS fares,[13] effective September 1, 2008[14] (in US dollars):

text:
Fare Type
Regular
Senior
Disabled
Medicare

Local, Urban & Shuttle Bus Lines – One-Way
$2.25
$1.10

Express Bus Routes – One-Way
$2.50
$1.25

Bus Token (One-Way)
$2.50
$2.50

San Diego Trolley – One-Way Ticket
$2.50
$1.25

Regional Day Pass
$5
$5

RegionalPlus Day Pass
$12
$12

Regional 2-Day Pass
$9
$9

Regional 3-Day Pass
$12
$12

Regional 4-Day Pass
$15
$15

Regional 14-Day Pass
$43
$43

Premium 14-Day Pass
$60
$60

Regional Monthly Pass
$72[note 1]
$18

Premium Monthly Pass
$100[note 2]
$25

text: Fare collection is based on a proof-of-payment system. The San Diego Trolley is a barrier-free (no turnstiles), self-service system. Patrons must have proof of fare (ticket or pass) before boarding. Self-serve ticket vending machines are located at each station. Compass Card (see below) users must "tap" at a Compass Card validator (located at various points around each Trolley station, and on MTS buses) or on the Compass Card target on a ticket vending machine before boarding a trolley. Random fare inspections are performed by roving transit enforcement personnel. Based on frequent security inspections, nearly 98% of the 37 million patrons have proper fares.[1]

text: Compass cards[edit]

text: The Compass Card is a form of electronic ticketing used on public transport services within San Diego County, California. It is administered by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG)[15] and is valid for travel on a number of different transit systems within San Diego County including MTS buses, the San Diego Trolley, North County Buses, the Coaster commuter rail line and the SPRINTER (a light rail line in north San Diego County). The card and fare collection systems are manufactured by Cubic Transportation Systems, and SANDAG administers the Compass Call Center (CCC), a central call center for all agencies.[16]

text: The Compass Card is an orange or yellow, credit-card-sized contactless smartcard which can hold a transit pass, such as a Day Pass, a 14-Day Pass, etc. The Compass Card card must tapped on an electronic Compass Card validator when entering and transferring within the system in order to validate the fare. Compass Card readers are integrated in bus fareboxes, and standalone readers are located just outside the paid-area of Trolley and rail stations.

text: Ridership[edit]

text:
[show]Average Weekday Ridership

Year
Quarter
Ridership
%±

1996
Q1
47,000
—

1996
Q21
47,300
+0.6%

1996
Q3
53,500
+13.1%

1996
Q4
46,800
–12.5%

1997
Q1
52,000
+11.1%

1997
Q2
56,400
+12.3%

1997
Q3
60,300
+3.3%

1997
Q42
57,400
–4.8%

1998
Q1
69,400
+20.9%

1998
Q2
77,300
+11.4%

1998
Q3
71,000
–8.2%

1998
Q4
69,300
–2.4%

1999
Q1
63,300
–8.7%

1999
Q2
72,800
+15.0%

1999
Q3
79,000
+8.5%

1999
Q4
81,300
+2.9%

2000
Q1
85,600
+5.3%

2000
Q2
88,000
+2.8%

2000
Q3
94,300
+7.2%

2000
Q4
82,600
–12.4%

2001
Q1
79,600
−3.6%

2001
Q2
82,600
+3.8%

2001
Q3
78,800
−4.6%

2001
Q4
71,600
−9.1%

2002
Q1
71,100
−0.7%

2002
Q2
77,200
+8.6%

2002
Q3
74,400
−3.6%

2002
Q4
71,300
−4.2%

2003
Q1
73,100
+2.5%

2003
Q2
74,700
+2.2%

2003
Q3
76,700
+2.7%

2003
Q4
70,100
−8.6%

2004
Q1
74,700
+6.6%

2004
Q2
88,400
+18.3%

2004
Q3
94,500
+6.9%

2004
Q4
81,700
−13.5%

2005
Q1
80,000
−2.1%

2005
Q2
94,200
+17.8%

2005
Q33
104,900
+11.4%

2005
Q4
n/a
n/a

2006
Q1
95,800
—

2006
Q2
100,900
+5.3%

2006
Q3
107,300
+6.3%

2006
Q4
105,100
−2.1%

2007
Q1
96,700
−8.0%

2007
Q2
107,000
+10.7%

2007
Q3
124,300
+16.2%

2007
Q4
118,400
−4.7%

2008
Q1
98,700
−16.6%

2008
Q2
113,300
+14.8%

2008
Q3
114,900
+1.4%

2008
Q4
103,900
−9.6%

2009
Q1
96,000
−8.1%

2009
Q2
93,300
−2.3%

2009
Q3
93,100
−0.2%

2009
Q4
91,200
−2.0%

2010
Q1
86,100
−5.6%

2010
Q2
94,700
+10.0%

2010
Q3
92,100
−2.7%

2010
Q4
90,000
−2.3%

2011
Q1
98,000
+8.9%

2011
Q2
96,800
−1.2%

2011
Q3
133,400†
+37.8%†

2011
Q4
103,400
−22.5%†

2012
Q1
96,900
−6.3%

2012
Q2
94,300
−2.7%

2012
Q3
95,700
+1.5%

2012
Q4
87,700
−8.4%

2013
Q1
80,100
−8.7%

2013
Q2
89,400
+11.6%

2013
Q3
121,900
+36.4%

2013
Q4
122,400
+0.4%

2014
Q1
120,600
−1.5%

2014
Q2
120,100
−0.4%

2014
Q3
124,100
+3.3%

2014
Q4
119,800
−3.5%

^† The weekday average ridership figure for the San Diego Trolley from the Q3 2011 APTA Report is likely a typo, based on the other ridership figures for that Quarter – it is more likely that Q3 2011 figure is supposed to be 103,400.

^1 The extension from Little Italy to Old Town opened in late-Q2 1996.
^2 The "Mission Valley West" extension from Old Town to Mission San Diego open in mid-Q4 1997.
^3 The "Mission Valley East" extension from Mission San Diego to La Mesa, along with the accompanying inauguration of the Green Line, opened in mid-Q3 2005.

Source:[17]

text: As of the Fourth Quarter (Q4) of 2013, the average weekday ridership on the San Diego Trolley system was 119,800,[3] making it the fourth busiest Light rail system in the United States. Taking overall track length into consideration, the San Diego Trolley transported 2,239 daily passengers per route mile in Q4 2014, making it the twelfth busiest Light rail system on a per mile basis over this time period. Weekday ridership on the Trolley has been relatively high since Q3 2013 (see table at right).

text: In all of 2014, the San Diego Trolley provided 39,731,900 unlinked passenger transits according to the American Public Transportation Association (APTA).[3] MTS reported that there were 39,694,197 trips on the Trolley in Fiscal Year 2014 (FY 2014), a 34% increase over Fiscal Year 2013.[18] Of the Trolley's three lines, the Blue Line has the system's highest ridership with 15,094,878 riders during FY 2014, followed by the Green Line with 13,673,926 FY 2014 riders, and the Orange Line with 10,896,289 FY 2014 riders.[18] The Silver Line, operating only mid-days just four days a week (and with some service interruptions during the year), carried 29,104 passengers around the downtown loop in FY2014.

text: The following ridership data for the San Diego Trolley was obtained from the American Public Transportation Association's (APTA) Ridership Report Archives:[19]

text:
Year
Total Unlinked Passenger Trips
on San Diego Trolley system
for That Total Year[19]

2004
28,772,400

2005
32,132,400

2006
34,380,500

2007
36,386,100[20]

2008
36,054,600

2009
31,337,500

2010
30,514,700

2011
32,748,700

2012
31,206,900

2013
34,448,900[3]

2014
39,731,900[3]

text: According to figures from APTA, previous to 2014, the San Diego Trolley achieved the highest level of ridership in 2007, when there were 36,386,100 unlinked passenger transits on the system over that entire year.[20] The Trolley system's highest average weekday ridership of 124,300 was achieved in Q3 2007[21] – this corresponded to 2,323 passengers per route mile daily.

text: Future service plans[edit]

text: Trolley Renewal Project[edit]

text: On September 24, 2009, MTS approved the purchase of 57 new model Siemens S70 cars, at a total cost of $205 million.[22][23] The cars began arriving in late September 2011 and are custom made model S70s. In 2012, the order was increased from 57 to 65 of these 'streetcar length' S70s.[24][25] The new vehicles are nine feet (2.74 m) shorter than the existing S70 vehicles on the system, making them the equivalent size of the older SD100 "Boxed Shaped" cars, allowing for three car operation in the downtown area. In order to run these trolleys on the older Orange and Blue Lines a platform and tracks renovation project was begun in 2010,[26][27] starting with Blue Line stations south of Old Town, working its way southbound.

text: The project entailed raising the station from a track level (0-inch or 0-millimeter) or 4-inch (102 mm) raised platform to a 6-inch (152 mm) raised platform and placing a special "safety tile" with a smooth surface in the center, on the curb to allow for the wheelchair ramps to deploy without being damaged, as the existing "safety tile" contains rivets all the way throughout it. Some stations, primarily south of 12th and Imperial on the Blue Line, continued to board at track level through early 2015, and major re-construction was needed before low-floor trolleys could operate at these stations. Such improvements included brand new station platforms, station structures, rails, switches, signals, and overhead wires.[22]

text: In addition to new LRVs, San Diego Trolley also slowly retrofitted the SD-100s LRVs with new paint, door sensors & switches, wheelchair lifts, route display signs, and interior & exterior lighting. The oldest model U2 trolleys had very little that can be done to improve their functionality or operation as they lacked the overhead equipment compartments found in the SD-100s and S70s, and were planned to be entirely phased out and retired by 2015. Eleven of the U2 cars were sold to the upstart Metrotranvía Mendoza in Mendoza, Argentina;[28] another 29 had been retired by early 2013,[1] and the rest of the U2 trolleys were retired from service in January 2015.[29] Four U2 cars have been preserved: car 1019 at the Rockhill Trolley Museum, car 1008 at the Orange Empire Railway Museum, as well as cars 1017 and 1018 at the Western Railway Museum.

text: The project cost around $660 million.[25][30] The new LRVs began arriving in late September 2011 and began running on the Green Line on October 3, 2011.[31] Additional new LRVs began operation on the Orange line in January 2013.[32] The final phase of the project began July 25, 2013 with a groundbreaking ceremony to kick off the construction to modernize the remaining unrenovated stations on the portion of the Blue Line south of downtown San Diego.[33] The low-floor Siemens S70 trolleys began operation on the Blue Line on January 27, 2015,[34] which coincided with the retirement of the last of the original U2 trolleys.[29] The project, including remaining station and track renovations, was completed in late 2015.[30]

text: September 2012 Realignment Change[edit]

text: On September 2, 2012,[35][36] MTS realigned trolley operations to allow for "more efficient travel" and to solve several issues with the previous operating layout. The Green Line was extended from its former western terminus in Old Town south to 12th & Imperial Transit Center's Bayside Terminal, eliminating the need for the Special Event Service Line, which previously ran on a similar route. The Orange Line's western terminus was extended to Santa Fe Depot while its eastern terminus was shortened to El Cajon Transit Center due to the line's low ridership to and from the Gillespie Field station. The Blue Line's northern terminus was temporarily shortened to America Plaza until the completion of the Mid-Coast Trolley extension project.[37][38] Not only does this plan ensure every line will stop or pass through downtown, but it also creates two "universal" transfer points, one at the 12th & Imperial Transit Center (at the east side of downtown) and the other at the America Plaza/Santa Fe Depot (on the west side of downtown).

text: Mid-Coast Trolley extension project[edit]

text: SANDAG is planning an extension of the Blue Line[39] from the Old Town Transit Center 11 miles (17.7 km) to the University City community, which will serve major activity and employment centers such as the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) campus and University Towne Centre (UTC) shopping center.[40][41] This is part of the "Mid-Coast Corridor Transit Project".[42] Construction is scheduled to begin in the second half of 2015, and the Mid-Coast extension is slated to be completed and in operation by 2021.[40]

text: After the Mid-Coast Trolley extension project is completed, the Blue Line will be extended north from its current northern terminus at America Plaza to run through 5 existing stations (up to and including the Old Town Transit Center), 8 new stations (Tecolote Road, Clairemont Drive, Balboa Avenue, Nobel Drive, VA Medical Center, UCSD West/Pepper Canyon, UCSD East/Voigt Drive, and Executive Drive), and then terminate at University Towne Center in the University City/UCSD area.[40]

text: Proposed Balboa Park streetcar line[edit]

text: MTS began work in March 2011 on a study to evaluate the feasibility of reconnecting Balboa Park, the San Diego Zoo and Downtown San Diego through a fixed-guideway, electrified streetcar line – the final study on the subject was published in October 2012.[43] The project study corridor runs between the City College Trolley Station area, and Balboa Park in the vicinity of the San Diego Zoo.[44] An alignment similar to the proposed one was last served by a streetcar system in 1949 on lines 7 (Park Boulevard-University Avenue to East San Diego) & 11 (Park Boulevard-Adams Avenue to Kensington).[45] The Committee evaluated what types of streetcars to use for this proposed line, the possible options including the recently ordered 57 Ultra Short 2011 S70s in the "Modern Streetcar" category, and the restored PCC Streetcars from the Downtown Silver Line in the "Vintage Streetcar" category.[46][47] The major construction issue was how to cross I-5 without having to reconstruct the entire bridge. The estimated cost for construction of this line was $68.2 million, with each trolley car estimated to cost between $850,000 (for a restored PPC trolley car) to $3.6 million (for a modern trolley car). Four cars are anticipated for service on this line. No funding sources were identified. No further action on this proposal has taken place since the October 2012 release of the study.

text: Potential airport extension[edit]

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text: Since 2009, SANDAG has proposed a plan that would bring trolley service to Lindbergh Field. On January 19, 2013, mayor Bob Filner endorsed the idea, which spawned a renewed city interest in the project. In January 2013, SANDAG took steps to bring about a proposed extension to the Airport; MTS also had this idea in consideration for many years. One scenario of the plan would be an extension of the existing Orange Line from downtown to the southern portion of Lindbergh Field along Harbor Drive that would connect the Airport's terminals to trolley service. Another proposed scenario would bring service to the northern portion of the Airport and connect with the Blue and Green Lines at Washington Street and/or Old Town in the near or distant future. The California High-Speed Rail line is also planned to terminate on the north side of the airport (in Phase 2, which has no timetable yet). There is no projected completion date for this proposed airport extension.

text: A dedicated local bus line (Route 992) currently provides a connection between the airport terminals and downtown. There is also the Trolley → Terminal Shuttle service, which takes passengers from the terminals to within 1 block of the Middletown station on the Green Line.

text: 2050 Regional Transportation Plan[edit]

text: The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) released a draft of its 2050 Regional Transportation Plan in April 2011, which was approved by the SANDAG Board of Directors on October 28, 2011.[48][49] Significant expansion of 156 new miles of Trolley service is proposed in the 2050 RTP,[48] as well as the creation of three new streetcar lines serving Downtown San Diego.

text: The following Trolley and streetcar projects were included in the 2050 Regional Transportation Plan. The Plan's projected date of completion of each project is shown, but these dates are highly speculative since no specific commitments are being made in this plan, with the exception of the Blue Line Mid-Coast Extension which is currently under development.[50]

text:
Project Name
Transit
Type
Route
Number
Route / Description
Projected
Cost
(in $mil)[50]
Projected
Completion
Date[50]
Status
(as of Oct 2014)

Mid-Coast Trolley Extension
(extension of Blue Line)
Light rail
510
Extends the Blue Line from America Plaza, through Santa Fe Depot and Old Town Transit Center, north to UCSD and University Towne Center (UTC).
$1,642
2019
Final SEIS/SEIR[51]

Streetcar 'Loop' Line
(Silver Line extension(?))
Streetcar
554
A new streetcar 'Loop', from Downtown San Diego through Balboa Park to Hillcrest, and back. This might be an extension of the Silver Line, or more likely a supplemental line. An initial study was done of just an extension to Balboa Park and back in October 2012.[52]
$284
2020
Under Study

UTC to Mira Mesa Trolley
(extension of Route 510 – Blue Line)
Light rail
561
A new Trolley line, that's effectively another extension of the Blue Line, from UTC Transit Center northeast to Mira Mesa, via Sorrento Mesa and Carroll Canyon.
$1,556
2030
Planning

Streetcar Line 2
Streetcar
553
New streetcar line from the Little Italy neighborhood of San Diego to the East Village neighborhood of San Diego.
$187
2030
Planning

Mid-City Trolley
(Phase 1)
Light rail
560
A Trolley line running between Downtown San Diego and the Mid-City neighborhood of San Diego, via Park Blvd and El Cajon Blvd.
$4,009[note 3]
2035
Planning

Pacific Beach
to El Cajon Trolley
Light rail
563
A mostly east-west Trolley line running between Pacific Beach and El Cajon, via Clairemont, Kearny Mesa, Mission Valley, SDSU. (Route: Possibly along Balboa Ave. and I-15?...)
$1,978
2035
Planning

Streetcar Line 3
Streetcar
555
New streetcar line from 30th Street to Downtown San Diego, via North Park and Golden Hill.
$397
2035
Planning

Mid-City Trolley
(Phase 2)
Light rail
560
Completion of the Route 560 Trolley line by extending it from the Mid-City neighborhood of San Diego to the SDSU Transit Center – the result would be a Trolley Line that runs directly between Downtown San Diego and SDSU.
$4,009[note 3]
2050
Planning

UTC To San Ysidro Trolley
(east, inland/non-coastal line)
Light rail
562
Trolley line from UTC to San Ysidro (second route) via Kearny Mesa, Mission Valley, Mid-City, Southeastern San Diego, and National City and Chula Vista via Highland Ave/4th Avenue. (Route: Along, or paralleling, I-805 and I-15.)
$6,043
2050
Planning

Downtown Trolley Tunnel
Light rail

Building a downtown underground Trolley Tunnel, between 12th & Imperial Transit Center and the County Center/Little Italy Trolley station.
$4,293
2050
Planning

text: A related project to these is the plan to build an Airport Intermodal Transit Center on the northeast side of Lindbergh Field by 2035,[53] which would include direct Trolley service access (from the Green Line, and from the Blue Line as well after the completion of the Mid-Coast Transit project) to San Diego International Airport. (Note: This is unrelated to the separate proposal to extend the Orange Line along Harbor Drive to the terminals on the south side of Lindbergh Field.)

text: Other Trolley projects in the 2050 Regional Transportation Plan involve more grade separations (from street crossings) for the Blue and Orange Lines, and the creation of more Express Lines on existing track.[50]

text: Fleet specifications[edit]

text: Below are the technical specifications of the system's four different models of light rail vehicles, as shown on the website of the MTS.[4][24]

text:
Specification
U2 Model (no longer in service)
SD100 Model
S70 (Full Length) Model
S70 (Streetcar Length) Model

Manufacturer
Duewag (with assistance from Siemens; Düsseldorf, West Germany and Florin, California)
Siemens (Florin, California)
Siemens (Florin, California)
Siemens (Florin, California)

Type
Double-ended articulated car, 6 axle, multiple-unit operation to 5 cars.
Double-ended articulated car, 6 axle, multiple-unit operation to 5 cars.
Double-ended articulated car, 6 axle, multiple-unit operation to 5 cars.
Double-ended articulated car, 6 axle, multiple-unit operation to 5 cars.

Fleet Size[1][4][24]
0 (originally 71 – 11 Units sold to Metrotranvía of Mendoza in 2010,[28] remainder retired as of January 26, 2015[update][29]).
52
11
65

Car Nos.[4][24]
1001–1071
2001–2052
3001–3011
4001–4065

First Purchase[24]
1980
1993
2004
2012

Height
(top of car to rail)
12.4 feet (3,780 mm)
12.4 feet (3,780 mm)
12.4 feet (3,780 mm)
12.4 feet (3,780 mm)

Center Aisle Floor Height
39 inches (991 mm)
39 inches (991 mm)
15 inches (381 mm)
15 inches (381 mm)

Width (exterior)
8.7 feet (2,652 mm)
8.7 feet (2,652 mm)
8.7 feet (2,652 mm)
8.7 feet (2,652 mm)

Length (end to end)
76 feet (23.165 m)
76.71 feet (23.381 m)
88.5 feet (26.975 m)
79.2 feet (24.140 m)

Length
(over coupler faces)
79.67 feet (24.283 m)
81.36 feet (24.799 m)
90.7 feet (27.645 m)
81.4 feet (24.811 m)

Weight (empty)
77,161 pounds (35,000 kg)
89,000 pounds (40,370 kg)
97,900 pounds (44,407 kg)
96,000 pounds (43,545 kg)

Car Body
Lightweight welded steel, reinforced fiberglass covers articulation and operator cab portion.
Lightweight welded steel.
Low alloy high tensile steel and composite materials.
Low alloy high tensile steel and composite materials.

Interior
Upholstered neoprene foam (fire-resistant) seat. Rubber flooring. Simulated wood paneling.
Upholstered neoprene foam (fire-resistant) seat. Rubber flooring. Simulated wood paneling.
Cloth-covered loam seats (fire-resistant), rubber flooring, color-coordinated paneling.
Cloth-covered loam seats (fire-resistant), rubber flooring, color-coordinated paneling.

Wheels
Steel-tired with acoustic dampening.
Steel-tired with acoustic dampening.
Steel-tired with acoustic dampening.
Steel-tired with acoustic dampening.

Dynamic Braking
Primary method of stopping car. Fades when speed reduced to approx. 1⁄2–3 miles per hour (0.8–4.8 km/h). Friction braking completes the stop. Traction motors operate as generators. Full dynamic braking from 50 to 3 miles per hour (80.5 to 4.8 km/h).
Primary method of stopping car. Fades when speed reduced to approx. 1⁄2–3 miles per hour (0.8–4.8 km/h). Friction braking completes the stop. Traction motors become generators. Full dynamic braking from 55 to 3 miles per hour (88.5 to 4.8 km/h).
Primary method of stopping car. Fades when speed reduced to approx. 1⁄2–3 miles per hour (0.8–4.8 km/h). Friction braking completes the stop. Traction motors become alternators. Full dynamic braking from 55 to 1⁄2 mile per hour (88.5 to 0.8 km/h).
Primary method of stopping car. Fades when speed reduced to approx. 1⁄2–3 miles per hour (0.8–4.8 km/h). Friction braking completes the stop. Traction motors become alternators. Full dynamic braking from 55 to 1⁄2 mile per hour (88.5 to 0.8 km/h).

Ventilation (cooling and heating unit on entire fleet)
Dynamic air pressure allowing an exchange rate of not less than 20 times per hour.
Dynamic air pressure allowing an exchange rate of not less than 20 times per hour.
Interior air-conditioning and heating to accommodate local climate.
Interior air-conditioning and heating to accommodate local climate.

Speed
50 miles per hour (80.5 km/h) maximum
55 miles per hour (88.5 km/h) maximum
55 miles per hour (88.5 km/h) maximum
55 miles per hour (88.5 km/h) maximum

Overhead Traction Power
600 V DC
600 V DC
600 V DC
600 V DC

Operating Power Requirements
500 kW to accelerate from a stationary position. 150 kW needed to maintain speed.
550 kW to accelerate from a stationary position. 165 kW needed to maintain speed.
130 kW to maintain speed.
130 kW to maintain speed.

Passenger Capacity[4][24]
Seated: 64
Commute: 96
Special Events: 150
Seated: 64
Commute: 96
Special Events: 150
Seated: 64 (52 with wheelchairs)
Commute: 104
Special Events: 200
Seated: 60 (52 with wheelchairs)
Commute: 102
Special Events: 150

Doors – 8 per car
Individually activated by passenger pushing button after locks released by operator. One for wheelchair lift; low level stair boarding through double-folding doors.
Opened by operator and/or Individually activated by passenger pushing button after locks released by operator. One for wheelchair lift; low level stair boarding through double-folding doors.
Opened by operator and/or Individually activated by passenger pushing button after locks released by operator. All center sliding doors comply with ADA requirements; low-floor boarding through sliding doors.
Opened by operator and/or Individually activated by passenger pushing button after locks released by operator. All center sliding doors comply with ADA requirements; low-floor boarding through sliding doors.

Door Safety System
Includes photo-electric cells and sensitive door leaf edges, weight sensor on lower step.
Photo-electric cells and sensitive door leaf edges.
Photo-electric cells and sensitive door leaf edges.
Photo-electric cells and sensitive door leaf edges.

Wheelchair Lifts
Located at one dedicated door at one end of each vehicle.
Located at one dedicated door at one end of each vehicle.
Bridge plates/ramps on 2 designated doors per car side.
Bridge plates/ramps on 2 designated doors per car side.

text: In addition, one heritage (1946) Presidents Conference Committee (PCC) streetcar, Car 529, has been operating on the Silver Line since its opening in 2011;[5] a second restored (1946) PCC streetcar, Car 530, entered service on the Silver Line in March 2015.[6]

text: Floor plans[edit]

text: Below are the floor plans of the system's three different models of light rail vehicle, as shown on the website of the MTS.[4][24]

text:
Floor plan

Model U2

71 units (originally; now: no longer in operation)
Car nos.:
1001 – 1071
First purchase:
1981

Model SD100

52 units
Car nos.:
2001 – 2052
First purchase:
1993

Model S70 (Full Length)

11 units
Car nos.:
3001 – 3011
First purchase:
2004

Model US-S70 (Streetcar Length)
65 units
Car nos.: 4001–4065
First purchase:
2009/2012