document_title: China and the United Nations

question_text: when did china become permanent member of un

root

text: China and the United Nations

text: Activity[edit]

text: The Republic of China used its Security Council veto only once, to stop the admission of the Mongolian People's Republic to the United Nations in 1955 on the grounds it recognized all of Mongolia as part of China.[5][6][7]

tag: p

text: As of June 2012[update], the People's Republic of China had used its Security Council veto eight times, fewer than other countries with the veto: in 1972 to veto the admission of Bangladesh (which it recognized as a province of Pakistan), in 1973 (in conjunction with the Soviet Union) to veto a resolution on the ceasefire in the Yom Kippur War, in 1997 to veto ceasefire observers to Guatemala (which recognised the ROC as the legitimate government of China),[8] in 1999 to veto an extension of observers to the Republic of Macedonia (same),[9] in 2007 (in conjunction with Russia) to veto criticizing Myanmar (Burma) on its human rights record,[10] in 2008 (with Russia) to veto sanctions against Zimbabwe,[11] in 2011 (with Russia) to veto sanctions against Syria,[12] and in February 2012 (with Russia) to veto for the second time a draft resolution calling for foreign military intervention in Syria.[13]

text: The ROC co-founded the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) in 1943 (prior to the establishment of UN)[14] and is one of four members of its policy-making Central Committee.[15] UNRRA provided supplies and services to areas under occupation by the Axis Powers. The largest project undertaken by UNRRA was the China program which had a total estimated cost of $658.4 million. UNRRA China Office was opened in Shanghai at the end of 1944, and operated until the official termination of the office on December 31, 1947. Final work and responsibilities were finished by March, 1948.[16] UNRRA cooperated with Chinese National Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, led by Jiang Tingfu, to distribute relief supplies in China.[17] UNRRA functions were later transferred to several UN agencies, including the International Refugee Organization and the World Health Organization.

text: Peng Chun Chang of ROC was the Vice-Chairman of United Nations Commission on Human Rights that drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.[18] Eleanor Roosevelt, as the driving force behind the Declaration, recalled in her memoirs:

text: Dr. Chang was a pluralist and held forth in charming fashion on the proposition that there is more than one kind of ultimate reality. The Declaration, he said, should reflect more than simply Western ideas and Dr. Humphrey would have to be eclectic in his approach...at one point Dr. Chang suggested that the Secretariat might well spend a few months studying the fundamentals of Confucianism!

text: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the UN General Assembly as Resolution 217 A(III) on December 10, 1948, as the result of the experience of the Second World War.[19] The ROC was one of the 48 states that voted for it.

text: On February 1, 1951, after cease fire negotiations failed, United Nations General Assembly passed resolution 498 and called the intervention of the People's Republic of China in Korea an act of aggression.[20]

text: As of June 2012[update], China had sent 3,362 military personnel to 13 UN peacekeeping operations in its first dispatch of military observers to the United Nations peacekeeping operations since military team to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

text: The International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. The Court has jurisdiction if a situation is referred to the Court by the United Nations Security Council. As of May 2013, 122 states have ratified or acceded to the Rome Statute that established the Court, but the PRC is not one of them. The PRC, as well its neighbouring rival India, has been critical of the Court.[21]

text: China ranked 7th among member states for contributing 3.93% of United Nations Peacekeeping operations budget for 2013–2015. United States ranked first by contributing 27.14%.[22]

text: The 1954 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR).[23] The Nobel Foundation noted that UNHCR, among other contributions, was asked by UN General Assembly (Resolution 1167[24] and 1784[25]), in 1957 and again in 1962, to assist Chinese refugees in Hong Kong[26][27] whose numbers are estimated at over one million. UNHCR assistance was also given to needy refugees among the Chinese refugees in Macao, and the Tibetan refugees in India and Nepal.[23] India hosted some 110,000 Tibetan refugees as of the end of 2001.[28] UNHCR estimates that there are 15,000 Tibetans who arrived in Nepal prior to 1990 and were recognized by the Government as refugees.[29]

text: History[edit]

text: Republic of China in the UN (1945–1971)[edit]

text:
Republic of China

United Nations membership

Membership
Former full member

Dates
October 24, 1945 (1945-10-24) – October 25, 1971 (1971-10-25)

UNSC seat
Permanent

Permanent Representatives

Tsiang Tingfu (first)
Quo Tai-chi
Liu Chieh (last)

tag: table

text: The Republic of China (ROC) was a charter member of the United Nations and one of five permanent members of the Security Council until 1971. The ROC joined the United Nations as a founding member on October 24, 1945.

text: The "Big Four" victors of World War II (Nationalist China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States) [30] were the founding members of the United Nations that drafted the United Nations Charter in 1944, which was ratified on 26 June 1945 by the representatives of 50 countries.[31] China, in recognition of its long-standing fight against aggression, was accorded the honor of being the first to sign UN Charter.[3] President Franklin Roosevelt had acknowledged China's war effort in World War II and stated his desire to allow China to "play its proper role in maintaining peace and prosperity" in the world.[32] Thus, despite opposition from other leaders, especially Winston Churchill,[33] China became a permanent member of the Security Council from its creation in 1945.

text: In 1949, the Communist Party of China won the Chinese Civil War in mainland China and established the People's Republic of China (PRC), claiming to be the sole legitimate government of China. The ROC government retreated to the island of Taiwan (which it gained control of in 1945 at the end of hostilities in WWII), Quemoy Island, and the Matsu Islands. Until 1991, the ROC also actively claimed to be the sole legitimate government of China, and during the 1950s and 1960s this claim was accepted by the United States and most of its allies. While the PRC was an ally of the Soviet Union, the U.S. sought to prevent the Communist bloc from gaining another permanent seat in the Security Council. To protest the exclusion of the PRC, Soviet representatives boycotted the UN from January to August 1950, so they didn't veto the intervention of UN military forces in Korea.

text: The ROC complained to the UN against the Soviet Union for violating the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance and the United Nations Charter in 1949; as a result, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 291 and 292, referring the complaint "to the Interim Committee of the General Assembly for continuous examination and study".[34] In 1952, the United Nations General Assembly found that the Soviet Union prevented the National Government of the ROC from re-establishing Chinese authority in Manchuria after Japan surrendered, and gave military and economic aid to the Chinese Communists, who founded the PRC in 1949, against the National Government of the ROC. Resolution 505 was passed to condemn the Soviet Union with 25 countries supporting, 9 countries opposing, 24 countries abstaining, and 2 countries non-voting. The resolution also affirmed the ROC as the "Central Government of China".[35][36]

text: The ROC used its veto only once. Recognition of the Soviets' violation of their friendship treaty abrogated its recognition of Mongolia's independence. It therefore vetoed its admission into the United Nations on 13 December 1955, claiming it—as Outer Mongolia—to be an integral part of China.[5][6][7] Mongolia's application had been tabled at the UN on 24 June 1946, but had been blocked by Western countries, as part of a protracted Cold War dispute about the admission of new members to the UN. The General Assembly, by Resolution 918 (X) of 8 December 1955, had recommended to the Security Council that this dispute should be ended by the admission, in a single resolution, of a list of eighteen countries. On 14 December 1955, the Security Council adopted a compromise proposed by the Soviet Union, and the General Assembly, by Resolution 995 (X), admitted sixteen countries into UN, omitting Mongolia and Japan from the list.[37][38] This postponed the admission of Mongolia until 1961, when the Soviet Union agreed to lift its veto on the admission of Mauritania, in return for the admission of Mongolia. Faced with pressure from nearly all the other African countries, the ROC relented under protest. Mongolia and Mauritania were both admitted to the UN on 27 October 1961.[39] The same year, United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1668 made China's representation an "important question" requiring a two-thirds majority vote to alter.

text: From the 1960s onwards, nations friendly to the PRC, led by the People's Republic of Albania under Enver Hoxha, moved an annual resolution in the General Assembly to expel the "representatives of Chiang Kai-shek" (an implicit reference to the ROC) and permit the PRC to represent China at the UN. Every year the United States was able to assemble enough votes to block this resolution. Both sides rejected compromise proposals to allow both states to participate in the UN, based on the One-China policy.[40]

text: The admission of newly independent developing nations in the 1960s gradually turned the General Assembly from being Western-dominated to being dominated by countries sympathetic to Beijing. Not only the newly founded developing countries, but also most of the Western countries eventually decided to recognise the PRC. During the 1950s and 1960s, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Sweden, and France shifted their recognition of China from Taipei to Beijing. In the early 1970s, Canada, Turkey, and more western countries established diplomatic relations with the PRC, and severed diplomatic relations with the ROC.

text: In a Security Council meeting on 9 February 1971, Somalia objected to the credentials of the representative of Republic of China as China representation, and ROC and the United States responded that the question of China's representation should not be dealt with in the Security Council.[41][42]

text: Seeking to place more diplomatic pressure on the Soviet Union, American president Richard Nixon sent his national security advisor Henry Kissinger on two trips to the People's Republic of China in July and October 1971 (the first of which was made in secret via Pakistan) to confer with Premier Zhou Enlai, then in charge of Chinese foreign policy.[43][44][45] His trips paved the way for the groundbreaking 1972 summit between Nixon, Zhou, and Communist Party of China Chairman Mao Zedong, as well as the formalization of relations between the two countries, ending 23 years of diplomatic isolation and mutual hostility in favor of a tacit strategic anti-Soviet alliance between China and the United States.

text: On 15 July 1971, 17 UN members requested that a question of the "Restoration of the lawful rights of the People's Republic of China in the United Nations" be placed on the provisional agenda of the twenty-sixth session of the UN General Assembly, claiming that the PRC, a "founding member of the United Nations and a permanent member of the Security Council, had since 1949 been refused by systematic maneuvers the right to occupy the seat to which it is entitled ipso jure". On 25 September 1971, a draft resolution, A/L.630 and Add.l and 2, was submitted by 23 states including 17 of the states which had joined in placing the question on the agenda, to "restore to the People's Republic of China all its rights and expel forthwith the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek." On 29 September 1971, another draft resolution, A/L.632 and Add.l and 2, sponsored by 22 members, was proposed declaring that any proposal to deprive the Republic of China of representation was an important question under Article 18 of the UN Charter, and thus would require a two-thirds supermajority for approval. A/L.632 and Add.l and 2 was rejected on 25 October 1971 by a vote of 59 to 55, with 15 abstentions.

text: Saudi Arabia submitted a proposition allowing the ROC to retain its seat at the UN and its affiliated organizations "until the people of the Island of Taiwan are enabled by a referendum or a plebiscite" under the auspices of the UN to choose among three options: continued independence as a sovereign state with a neutral status defined by a treaty recorded by the UN; a confederation with the PRC; or a federation with the PRC,[46] but was not supported by the United States.[47]

text: On 25 October 1971, the United States moved that a separate vote be taken on the provisions in the resolution "to expel forthwith the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek from the place which they unlawfully occupied at the United Nations and in all the organizations related to it" in the draft resolution. This motion would have allowed the PRC to join the UN as "China's representative",[clarification needed] while allowing the ROC to remain a regular UN member (if there had been enough votes for it). The motion was rejected by a vote of 61 to 51, with 16 abstentions. The representative of ROC made a declaration that the rejection of the 22-power draft resolution calling for a two-thirds majority was a flagrant violation of the United Nations Charter which governed the expulsion of Member States and that the delegation of the Republic of China had decided not to take part in any further proceedings of the General Assembly.[41] With the support from 26 African UN Member States[48] and in accordance with Article 18 of the UN Charter,[49] the Assembly then adopted Resolution 2758, with 76 countries supporting, 35 countries opposing, 17 countries abstaining, and 3 countries non-voting, withdrawing recognition of the representatives of Chiang Kai-shek as the legitimate representative of China, and recognizing the Government of PRC as the only legitimate representative of China to the United Nations.[50][51] At a Security Council meeting on November 23, 1971, after the General Assembly passed Resolution 2758, the President of the Council and the other representatives made statements welcoming the representatives of the People's Republic of China. The ROC lost not only its Security Council seat, but any representation in the UN.[41]

text:
Voting records of the United Nations General Assembly Resolutions 505 and 2758

Member state
Resolution 505
Resolution 2758

 AFGHANISTAN
Abstention
Yes

 ALBANIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 ALGERIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 ARGENTINA
Abstention
Abstention

 AUSTRALIA
Abstention
No

 AUSTRIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 BAHRAIN
Not member state yet
Abstention

 BARBADOS
Not member state yet
Abstention

 BELGIUM
Abstention
Yes

 BHUTAN
Not member state yet
Yes

 BOLIVIA
Yes
No

 BOTSWANA
Not member state yet
Yes

/ BRAZIL
Yes
No

 BULGARIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 BURMA
No
Yes

 BURUNDI
Not member state yet
Yes

 BYELORUSSIAN SSR
No
Yes

 CAMEROON
Not member state yet
Yes

/ CANADA
Abstention
Yes

 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Not member state yet
No

 CEYLON
Not member state yet
Yes

 CHAD
Not member state yet
No

 CHILE
Yes
Yes

 CHINA
Yes
Non-voting

 COLOMBIA
Yes
Abstention

 CONGO (BRAZZAVILLE)
Not member state yet
Yes

 CONGO (LEOPOLDVILLE)
Not member state yet
No

 COSTA RICA
Yes
No

 CUBA
Yes
Yes

 CYPRUS
Not member state yet
Abstention

 CZECHOSLOVAKIA
No
Yes

 DAHOMEY
Not member state yet
No

 DEMOCRATIC YEMEN
Not member state yet
Yes

 DENMARK
Abstention
Yes

 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Yes
No

 ECUADOR
Yes
Yes

/ EGYPT
Abstention
Yes

 EL SALVADOR
Non-voting
No

 EQUATORIAL GUINEA
Not member state yet
Yes

 ETHIOPIA
Abstention
Yes

 FIJI
Not member state yet
Abstention

 FINLAND
Not member state yet
Yes

 FRANCE
Abstention
Yes

 GABON
Not member state yet
No

 GAMBIA
Not member state yet
No

 GHANA
Not member state yet
Yes

/ GREECE
Yes
Abstention

 GUATEMALA
Abstention
No

 GUINEA
Not member state yet
Yes

 GUYANA
Not member state yet
Yes

/ HAITI
Yes
No

 HONDURAS
Yes
No

 HUNGARY
Not member state yet
Yes

 ICELAND
Abstention
Yes

 INDIA
No
Yes

 INDONESIA
No
Abstention

 IRAN
Abstention
Yes

/ IRAQ
Yes
Yes

 IRELAND
Not member state yet
Yes

 ISRAEL
No
Yes

 ITALY
Not member state yet
Yes

 IVORY COAST
Not member state yet
No

 JAMAICA
Not member state yet
Abstention

 JAPAN
Not member state yet
No

 JORDAN
Not member state yet
Abstention

 KENYA
Not member state yet
Yes

 KHMER REPUBLIC
Not member state yet
No

 KUWAIT
Not member state yet
Yes

 LAOS
Not member state yet
Yes

 LEBANON
Yes
Abstention

 LESOTHO
Not member state yet
No

 LIBERIA
Yes
No

 LIBYAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Not member state yet
Yes

 LUXEMBOURG
Abstention
Abstention

 MADAGASCAR
Not member state yet
No

 MALAWI
Not member state yet
No

 MALAYSIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 MALDIVES
Not member state yet
Non-voting

 MALI
Not member state yet
Yes

 MALTA
Not member state yet
No

 MAURITANIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 MAURITIUS
Not member state yet
Abstention

/ MEXICO
Abstention
Yes

 MONGOLIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 MOROCCO
Not member state yet
Yes

 NEPAL
Not member state yet
Yes

 NETHERLANDS
Abstention
Yes

 NEW ZEALAND
Abstention
No

 NICARAGUA
Yes
No

 NIGER
Not member state yet
No

 NIGERIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 NORWAY
Abstention
Yes

 OMAN
Not member state yet
Non-voting

 PAKISTAN
Abstention
Yes

 PANAMA
Yes
Abstention

/ PARAGUAY
Yes
No

 PERU
Yes
Yes

 PHILIPPINES
Yes
No

 POLAND
No
Yes

 PORTUGAL
Not member state yet
Yes

 QATAR
Not member state yet
Abstention

 ROMANIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 RWANDA
Not member state yet
Yes

 SAUDI ARABIA
Abstention
No

 SENEGAL
Not member state yet
Yes

 SIERRA LEONE
Not member state yet
Yes

 SINGAPORE
Not member state yet
Yes

 SOMALIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 SOUTH AFRICA (UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA in 1952)
Non-voting
No

/ SOVIET UNION
No
Yes

 SPAIN
Not member state yet
Abstention

 SUDAN
Not member state yet
Yes

 SWAZILAND
Not member state yet
No

 SWEDEN
Abstention
Yes

/ SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC (SYRIA in 1952)
Abstention
Yes

 THAILAND
Yes
Abstention

 TOGO
Not member state yet
Yes

 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Not member state yet
Yes

 TUNISIA
Not member state yet
Yes

 TURKEY
Yes
Yes

 UGANDA
Not member state yet
Yes

 UKRAINIAN SSR
No
Yes

 UNITED KINGDOM
Abstention
Yes

 UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
Not member state yet
Yes

/ UNITED STATES
Yes
No

 UPPER VOLTA
Not member state yet
No

 URUGUAY
Yes
No

/ VENEZUELA
Yes
No

/ YEMEN
Abstention
Yes

 YUGOSLAVIA
Abstention
Yes

 ZAMBIA
Not member state yet
Yes

text: Efforts to reintroduce the ROC to the UN[edit]

text: Following the adoption of Resolution 2758, the Republic of China was no longer represented by a Permanent Representative at the UN. In addition to losing its seat in the UN, the UN Secretary-General concluded from the resolution that the General Assembly considered Taiwan to be a province of China, and thus it does not permit the ROC to become a party treaties for which it is the depository.[52]

text: In 1993 the ROC began campaigning to rejoin the UN separately from the People's Republic of China. A number of options were considered, including seeking membership in the specialized agencies, applying for observer status, applying for full membership, or having resolution 2758 revoked to reclaim the seat of China in the UN.[53]

text: Every year from 1993–2006, UN member states submitted a memorandum to the UN Secretary-General requesting that the UN General Assembly consider allowing the ROC to resume participating in the United Nations.[54] This approach was chosen, rather than a formal application for membership, because it could be enacted by the General Assembly, while a membership application would need Security Council approval, where the PRC held a veto.[53] Early proposals recommended admitting the ROC with parallel representation over China, along with the People's Republic of China, pending eventual reunification, citing examples of other divided countries which had become separate UN member states, such as East and West Germany and North and South Korea. Later proposals emphasized that the ROC was a separate state, over which the PROC had no effective sovereignty. These proposed resolutions referred to the ROC under a variety of names: "Republic of China in Taiwan" (1993–94), "Republic of China on Taiwan" (1995–97, 1999–2002), "Republic of China" (1998), "Republic of China (Taiwan)" (2003) and "Taiwan" (2004–06).

text: However, all fourteen attempts were unsuccessful as the General Assembly's General Committee declined to put the issue on the Assembly's agenda for debate, under strong opposition from the PRC.[55]

text: While all these proposals were vague, requesting the ROC be allowed to participate in UN activities without specifying any legal mechanism, in 2007 the ROC submitted a formal application under the name "Taiwan" for full membership in the UN.[56] On September 15, 2007, over 3,000 Taiwanese Americans and their supporters rallied in front of the UN building in New York City,[57] and over 300,000 Taiwanese people rallied in Taiwan,[58] all in support of the ROC joining the UN. The ROC also won the backing of many Members of the European Parliament on this issue.[59] However, the application was rejected by the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs citing General Assembly Resolution 2758,[60] without being forwarded to the Security Council. Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon stated that:

text: The position of the United Nations is that the People's Republic of China is representing the whole of China as the sole and legitimate representative Government of China. The decision until now about the wish of the people in Taiwan to join the United Nations has been decided on that basis. The resolution (General Assembly Resolution 2758) that you just mentioned is clearly mentioning that the Government of China is the sole and legitimate Government and the position of the United Nations is that Taiwan is part of China.[61]

text: Responding to the UN's rejection of its application, the ROC government has stated that Taiwan is not now nor has it ever been under the jurisdiction of the PRC, and that since General Assembly Resolution 2758 did not clarify the issue of Taiwan's representation in the UN, it does not prevent Taiwan's participation in the UN as an independent sovereign nation.[62] The ROC argued that Resolution 2758 merely transferred the UN seat from the ROC to the PRC, but did not address the issue of Taiwan's representation in the UN. The ROC government also criticized Ban for asserting that Taiwan is part of China and returning the application without passing it to the Security Council or the General Assembly,[63] contrary to UN's standard procedure (Provisional Rules of Procedure of the Security Council, Chapter X, Rule 59).[64] The ROC emphasized that the United Nations has never taken a formal stance regarding the sovereignty of Taiwan. On the other hand, the PRC government, which has stated that Taiwan is part of China and firmly opposes the application of any Taiwan authorities to join the UN either as a member or an observer, praised that UN's decision "was made in accordance with the UN Charter and Resolution 2758 of the UN General Assembly, and showed the UN and its member states' universal adherence to the one-China principle".[65] A group of UN member states put forward a draft resolution for that autumn's UN General Assembly calling on the Security Council to consider the application.[56]

text: Ban Ki-moon also came under fire for this statement from the United States via non-official channels. There are unconfirmed reports that Ban's comments prompted the US to restate its position regarding the status of Taiwan. A Heritage Foundation article suggests that the US may have presented a démarche stating among others that:

text: If the UN Secretariat insists on describing Taiwan as a part of the PRC, or on using nomenclature for Taiwan that implies such status, the United States will be obliged to disassociate itself on a national basis from such position."[66]

text: The Wall Street Journal criticized Ban Ki-moon for rejecting the ROC's July 2007 application and regarded Ban's interpretation of Resolution 2758 (that Taiwan was part of China) as erroneous.[67] Nevertheless, Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon's statement reflected long-standing UN convention and is mirrored in other documents promulgated by the United Nations. For example, the UN's "Final Clauses of Multilateral Treaties, Handbook", 2003 (a publication which predated his tenure in Office) states:

text: [r]egarding the Taiwan Province of China, the Secretary-General follows the General Assembly’s guidance incorporated in resolution 2758 (XXVI)of the General Assembly of 25 October 1971 on the restoration of the lawful rights of the People’s Republic of China in the United Nations. The General Assembly decided to recognize the representatives of the Government of the People’s Republic of China as the only legitimate representatives of China to the United Nations. Hence, instruments received from the Taiwan Province of China will not be accepted by the Secretary-General in his capacity as depositary.[68]

text: In 2008, two referendums by the ROC on joining the UN failed because of low voter participation. That autumn the ROC took a new approach, with its allies submitting a resolution requesting that the "Republic of China (Taiwan)" be allowed to have "meaningful participation" in the UN specialized agencies.[69] Again the issue was not put on the Assembly's agenda when the United Nations subcommittee ruled it would not let the General Assembly consider the ROC's application to join UN activities.[55][70] Shortly after this, the United States and the European Union both expressed their support for "Taiwan" (neither recognises the ROC) to have "meaningful participation" in UN agencies that do not require statehood, such as the World Health Organization.[71] In May 2009, the Department of Health of the Republic of China was invited by the World Health Organization to attend the 62nd World Health Assembly as an observer under the name "Chinese Taipei". This was the ROC's first participation in an event organized by a UN-affiliated agency since 1971, as a result of the improved cross-strait relations since Ma Ying-jeou became the President of the Republic of China a year before.[72]

text: In 2009, the ROC chose not to bring the issue of its participation in the UN up for debate at the General Assembly for the first time since it began the campaign in 1993.[73][74]

text: A 2013 United States congressional report describes US bipartisan "One China" policy as follows:

text: The United States has its own "one China" policy (vs. the PRC's "one China" principle) and position on Taiwan's status. Not recognizing the PRC's claim over Taiwan nor Taiwan as a sovereign state, U.S. policy has considered Taiwan's status as unsettled.[75]

text: The Constitution of the Republic of China still claims to be the government of the whole of China. Taiwan independence supporters say that the non-assertion of the claim is mainly due to PRC's public statement that any attempts to change the ROC constitution is interpreted as declaring independence, which will lead to "military actions" from the PRC.[citation needed] Given the PRC's attitude, even having the General Assembly admit the ROC or "Taiwan" as an observer, as with Palestine, would be problematic; the case of Palestine is different from that of the ROC because of the UN's commitment to a two-state solution for the Israeli–Palestinian conflict but not for the Taiwan issue.

text: People's Republic of China in the UN (1971–present)[edit]

text: The People's Republic of China (PRC), commonly called China today, was admitted into the UN in 1971 on the 21st time of voting on its application. The PRC was admitted into the UN on a vote of 76 in favor, 35 opposed, and 17 abstentions.[76] In contrast with Republic of China's tactics to remain in the UN for past years, the PRC sees its ideological differences and national interests above international obligations enshrined by the United Nations as its national agenda to the UN in the subsequent voting records henceforth, especially when military conflicts arise for international intervention on some of world's most oppressive and totalitarian regimes or for United Nations peacekeeping forces to take the duties, the PRC will vote supporting the opposite side of United States of America or abstaining.[77][78][not in citation given]

text: In the 1960s and early 1970s that the United States' close ally, Pakistan, especially under the presidency of Ayub Khan, was carrying out messenger diplomacy to the PRC's entry into the UN by the United States' diplomacy to People's Republic of China in the time of Sino-Soviet split. This involved secret visits by American officials to the PRC. In 1971, Henry Kissinger made a secret visit to the PRC through Pakistan.[citation needed]

text: Since the early 1980s, and particularly since 1989, by means of vigorous monitoring and the strict maintenance of standards, United Nations human rights organizations have encouraged China to move away from its insistence on the principle of noninterference, to take part in resolutions critical of human rights conditions in other nations, and to accept the applicability to itself of human rights norms and UN procedures. Even though China has continued to suppress political dissidents at home, and appears at times resolutely defiant of outside pressure to reform, Ann Kent argues that it has gradually begun to implement some international human rights standards.[79] On human rights issues, the PRC has been increasingly influential by the bargaining of its robust Macroeconomics growth[80] for the domestic social equality.[81] In 1995, they won 43 percent of the votes in the General Assembly; by 2006 they won 82 percent.[82]

text: In the 1991 Gulf War resolution, the PRC abstained, and it voted for the ultimatum to Iraq in the period leading up to the 2003 War in Iraq. Most observers believe that the PRC would have abstained had a resolution authorizing force against Iraq in 2003 reached the Security Council.[83][84]

text: When an enlargement of the Security Council was discussed in 1995, China encouraged African states to demand their seats as a counter-move to Japan's ambitions, thereby nullified the Japanese initiative.[82]


document_title: The Coroner

question_text: where is the black dog inn filmed in the coroner

text: The Coroner

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Jane Kennedy returns to Lighthaven as the local coroner. She works with Davey Higgins, a Detective Sergeant in the South Dart police; they were childhood sweethearts and he broke her heart. They investigate any sudden, violent or unexplained deaths in the South Hams district of South Devon.

text: Also featuring: Beth, Kennedy's 15-year-old daughter; Judith, Kennedy's mother; Judith's boyfriend, Mick Sturrock; Clint Holman, Coroner's Officer.[7]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Claire Goose as Jane Kennedy, Coroner
Matt Bardock as Davey Higgins, Detective Sergeant
Beatie Edney as Judith Kennedy, Jane's mother
Ivan Kaye as Mick Sturrock, landlord of The Black Dog
Oliver Gomm as Clint Holman, Coroner’s Officer
Grace Hogg-Robinson as Beth Kennedy, Jane's daughter

tag: ul

text: Sally Abbott created The Coroner from an idea by Will Trotter, executive producer and head of BBC Drama Birmingham, about a woman coroner aged about 40 and in a location such as the Cotswolds or Devon. The series would have self-contained stories with drama and humour; a formula successfully used in Father Brown from the same production team. The characters, Jane and Davey, were based on Katharine Hepburn and Spencer Tracey in "Adams Rib" with the unresolved sexual tension between them. Abbott wrote the Davey character with Matt Bardock in mind. She created four other characters to complete the cast.[8]

text: Production[edit]

text: According to the BBC, the series is not based on, or inspired by, M R Hall's best-selling books including The Coroner. Hall stated he was "unhappy" about the "enormous similarities", but the BBC say any resemblance with his books – also about an unusually pro-active, Land Rover driving, forty-something female solicitor who after a failed relationship returns to the West Country to take up the post of coroner – are purely coincidental.[9][10]

text: The production office was located at Dartington where some interior scenes were filmed. Filming began in mid-April 2015 for 15 weeks. The episodes were divided into blocks of two with the same director, assistant director, and director of photography.[11]

text: Locations included Dartmouth, Torquay, and Broadsands Beach, Paignton. The Mansion, now a community building, in Totnes was used as the Coroners Court. A brass plate was attached to the brickwork. The exterior and interior of Oldway Mansion is used as Lighthaven's town hall. The Old Customs House in Bayard's Cove, Dartmouth is the location of the Coroners office.[12][13]

text: The set for The Black Dog Inn is the derelict Crooked Spaniards Inn, Cargreen, Cornwall. The tower at Gribben Head, Cornwall featured in the first episode.[14]

text:
The Old Custom House, Bayards Cove

The derelict Crooked Spaniards

Gribben Tower, Gribben Head

text: Cancellation[edit]

text: The BBC announced on 2 March 2017 that there would be no further series.[15]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date

1
1
"First Love"
Ian Barber
Sally Abbott
16 November 2015 (2015-11-16)

A 16-year-old teenager, Steve Kernan, is found dead at the foot of a tower and Detective Sergeant Davey Higgins believes it was a suicide, but Jane disagrees when the investigation uncovers an abusive father, a pregnant girlfriend, a possessive father, and Kernan's best friend, Matt Wickens; he was with Beth Kennedy the night Kernan died.

2
2
"How to Catch a Lobster"
Matt Carter
Al Smith
17 November 2015 (2015-11-17)

Three bodies wash up on shore during one month. Jane is convinced they are mismanaged sea burials but Davey disagrees, believing that the latest is a local man who was lost at sea during the past fortnight. Each is determined to prove the other wrong and, as various facts come to light – a £75,000 robbery at a local casino, a fake Rolex watch, a tattoo on the missing man's body – the truth emerges. Another clue comes from one of three rival undertakers that Clint Holman has questioned.

3
3
"That's the Way to Do It"
Matt Carter
David Bowker
18 November 2015 (2015-11-18)

The local mayor, Una Drake closes down a Punch and Judy show on the beach. The professor is found dead the following morning. Then she is found murdered in a hotel room. Davey and Jane look for a connection between the two deaths from the dead man's drunken friend, the hotel resident singer, the mayor's estranged husband and their daughter.

4
4
"The Fisherman's Tale"
Ian Barber
Ann Marie Di Mambro
19 November 2015 (2015-11-19)

At the reopening of his first fish restaurant, Peter Bradshaw is shot dead by a sniper. Davey's investigation is undermined by Detective Inspector Ben Marshall from Scotland Yard, who believes the killing has international connections. Bradshaw's wife had recently withdrawn £100,000, and pink diamonds they owned are missing. A male lover of Bradshaw's surfaces. An old army colleague is a likely suspect but he has an alibi. Judith must have bumped into the killer while eating an ice cream leaving a possible clue.

5
5
"Gilt"
Ian Barber
Kit Lambert
20 November 2015 (2015-11-20)

Errol Prowse reports to Jane the finding of buried gold coins by his small group of treasure hunters. After their celebration in the pub, he is found dead in his locked-and-bolted home the following morning. Davey thinks he has died of natural causes but Jane is not so sure. The circumstances become suspicious when it is found that Prowse has been poisoned and that the coins are fake. The suspects include the staff of the local museum.

6
6
"Capsized"
Adrian Bean
Matthew Cooke and Vincent Lund
23 November 2015 (2015-11-23)

25-year-old Ian Igby, out on probation for theft, is found dead in a container, one of many washed up on the beaches of South Devon from a sunken ship. Igby is suspected at first of being one of the many looters salvaging the cargo, and the investigation leads to his girlfriend, his probation officer, and his girlfriend's father, (who was also his employer in the docks). Jane and Davey have to break a wall of silence to uncover the truth, and are not helped by Judith and Mick, who have also been salvaging the goods from the containers.

7
7
"The Salcombe Selkie"
Ian Barber
Dan Muirden
24 November 2015 (2015-11-24)

When 18-year-old Leah Walker walks ashore, risen like a Selkie, her parents are stunned after having buried her seven months ago, her body having been discovered five months after she had disappeared overboard from her father's boat. Suffering amnesia, she begins to remember where she had been held and the evidence implicates her godfather Tim Morris, who is subsequently murdered, and Leah's father is arrested. Jane becomes involved in discovering who was the girl buried in Leah's place and why the pathologist got the DNA identification wrong. This is the only episode of Series 1 not to feature the Coroner's Court final sequence. Instead Jane is seen putting flowers into the sea for the unidentified dead girl.

8
8
"Napoleon's Violin"
Adrian Bean
Sally Abbott
25 November 2015 (2015-11-25)

The patriarch of a local aristocratic family is found stabbed to death. His dysfunctional family includes: his son, his daughter, the son's teenage daughter, and a writer employed to write the history of a valuable violin belonging to Napoleon. The violin is missing and the investigation reveals: that the father suffered from depression; that the son is suffering from early-onset Parkinson's disease; that the daughter is suffering from agoraphobia; that the granddaughter (the son's teenage daughter), is of a morose nature, seemingly because she had not seen her own mother who had disappeared when the girl was four years old; and that the writer has a prison record.

9
9
"The Deep Freeze"
Niall Fraser
Sally Abbott
26 November 2015 (2015-11-26)

Robert Talbot, the owner of an ice-cream factory, is found dead in a walk-in freezer which has a defective lock, by his factory manager of 40 years. The successful factory was in the process of being sold. Jane suspects his glamorous wife, whose previous two husbands died mysteriously, while Davey suspects the son, who has debts, but the son has an alibi provided by the factory manager, who is heartbroken because she did not have the freezer lock repaired. Jane and Davey fall out over their opinions and Clint is avoiding the son.

10
10
"Dirty Dancing"
Niall Fraser
Ann Marie Di Mambro
27 November 2015 (2015-11-27)

During Lighthaven's Latin American Dance Festival, Cuban dancer, Isabella Martinez, dies in the street. Her body is stolen from the mortuary and found later washed up on a beach with the stomach cut open. Jane and Davey question the festival organisers, who paid for her air ticket from Cuba. Meanwhile, Jane becomes friendly with an Egyptian doctor, who is practicing illegally, whilst seeking asylum in the UK. Davey arrests the dead girl's brother when he discovers his name differs from hers.

text: Series 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date

11
1
"The Drop Zone"
Piotr Szkopiak
Sally Abbott
21 November 2016 (2016-11-21)

The chief instructor, Rafe, of a sky diving school "The Drop Zone" falls to his death when his main and reserve parachute fail to open. The parachutes having being tampered with leads to suspicion of murder by one of his colleagues and when Jane receives a medical report that he had a terminal illness suicide becomes another possibility. Rafe's personal relationships with his wife and colleagues have to be unravelled to solve the death. Beth defies her mother by using an isolated beach riddled with quicksand.

12
2
"Perfectly Formed"
Matt Carter
Mark Hiser and Bridget Colgan
22 November 2016 (2016-11-22)

The remains of a new born baby wrapped in 1970's newspaper is found in a cottage condemned by coastal erosion. A nearby closed children's home, Greyvale, and interviewing the uncooperative former residents and staff lead Jane and Davey to three sisters; one of whom, Lisa Millar is missing. Lee Millar, the brother, another resident of the home, visiting from America, who knows more than he is admitting and has tried to protect his sisters lead Jane to mistakenly suspect incest.

13
3
"Those in Peril"
Niall Fraser
David Bowker
23 November 2016 (2016-11-23)

The Falmouth coastguard calls out the Angel Cove lifeboat to investigate a red flare one mile west of Seal Island. Two crew, the only women crew members one of whom is the coxswain are swept overboard, and only the coxswain survives. Sabotage to the victims life jacket and the subsequent murder of another crew member leads Davey and Jane to investigate the rest of the crew. Mick, a former crew member, is attacked pointing to a previous rescue of a man that later killed.

14
4
"The Beast of Lighthaven"
Matt Carter
Kit Lambert
24 November 2016 (2016-11-24)

Beth camping, with friends, overnight on the moors is frightened by animal noises and discovers a savaged sheep. Posting a picture on social media arouses the interest of local journalist Ben Fairhead of the Lighthaven Star. Fairhead believes the picture will convince the locals and police of his belief a big cat is loose on the moors. When he turns up mauled to death on the moors Jane and Davey delve into his past and the murder of his mother 15 years previously by his father who was known as the Beast of Lighthaven.

15
5
"The Captain's Pipe"
Ian Barber
Kit Lambert
25 November 2016 (2016-11-25)

Tam Bryant the owner of The Captain's Pipe public house and a bitter rival of Mick' is found dead beneath a rock fall at an inaccessible cove. Davey arrests Mick as the evidence points to his involvement in the death. Mick implores Jane to prove his innocence but his reluctance to cooperate hinders the investigation. When a smugglers tunnel is discovered in the shape of a pipe under the pub and evidence of an explosion leads to a builder and his wife, renovating the pub, with past relationships with Tam and Mick.

16
6
"Life"
Piotr Szkopiak
Jon Sen
28 November 2016 (2016-11-28)

A false tip off about the location of a missing girl's body and the death in prison of an inmate from a drug overdose brings Jayne and Davey together investigating the dead man and his cell mate, Sidney Sutton awaiting appeal, convicted of the child killing of the missing girl. A prisoner and prison guard, Ben Arnold, go missing and Sutton's appeal is successful. Ben Arnold kidnaps Beth and takes her to a well where the missing girl is buried. This is the only Series 2 episode that uses the 'Coroner's Court' closing sequence seen in Series 1. All other Series 2 episodes use a closing sequence related to the episode's storyline.

17
7
"Perfect Pair"
Piotr Szkopiak
Ann Marie Di Mambro
29 November 2016 (2016-11-29)

A window cleaner found dead next to a car he does not own turns out to have multiple identities and had been using a dating agency "Perfect Pair". The owner of the car, prominent businessman Jason Daniels, claims his car had been stolen despite the window cleaner using the car on numerous occasions. Jane and Davey's investigation reveal they led a dual life using the dating website to meet women providing multiple suspects and motives to murder either one.

18
8
"The Foxby Affair"
Niall Fraser
Kit Lambert
30 November 2016 (2016-11-30)

A newspaper official notice of Oliver Foxby applying to the court to issue a death certificate for his brother Jerry who disappeared 20 years earlier after murdering a call-girl whose body had never been found. Jane is called by an unwell woman claiming to have information who is subsequently murdered. Identification of the woman as the call-girl with thousand of pounds in a safe deposit box lead to Davey arresting Oliver for murder and the possibility that Jerry had been murdered as well.

19
9
"Pieces of Eight"
Piotr Szkopiak
Matthew Cooke and Vincent Lund
1 December 2016 (2016-12-01)

Davey is dealing with the theft of a cash van by robbers dressed as pirates during the Lighthaven pirate festival while Jane is dealing with a body washed up on the beach. A tattoo on the dead man identifies him as part of a fisherman's dart's team Mick belongs to and when the wife misidentifies the dead man as her husband; Davey and Jane believe the two events are linked; together with a closed fish market, where the cash van is found and the dart's team worked, now owned by cash strapped businessman Don Shapur (Ramon Tikaram).

20
10
"Crash"
Ian Barber
Sally Abbott
2 December 2016 (2016-12-02)

17-year-old Ellie Pearson dies in a car accident.The post mortem reveals her body had been moved from the car which killed her and evidence of the driver removed. The close family ties of Ellie's mother and aunt, Cath, whose husband is a policeman and their son who is going to university, Beth's best friend, Megan, who fell out with Ellie over a secret boyfriend confuse the investigation. Ellie's mother, aunt and her husband all went to the same senior school as Jane and Davey who realise a vindictive Cath broke up their childhood romance at the school leaving dance leading both to marry the wrong person.

text: DVD[edit]

text: Dazzler Media published the complete first series in February 2016 and the second series in January 2017.


document_title: Go Green Initiative

question_text: when did the idea of going green start

question_tokens: when did the idea of going green start

text: Go Green Initiative

text:
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text: The Go Green Initiative (GGI) was founded in 2002 in Pleasanton, California by Jill Buck [1]

text: The Go Green Initiative is an environmental education and stewardship program located in all 50 US states and in 73 countries. It is free to all schools and operating in pre-schools through universities.[2]

text: The Go Green Initiative also have its own mean of Go Green called as G.R.E.E.N [3] It is:

text: Also known as the GGI (abbreviation for Go Green Initiative).[4] The GGI program focuses on training volunteers and teachers in order to protect human health and reserve natural resources for the future generations. Focusing on the integration of environmental education into the existing school curriculums. The first GGI school was Walnut Grove Elementary.


document_title: America's Got Talent

question_text: where is america's got talent auditions held

question_tokens: where is america 's got talent auditions held

text: America's Got Talent

text: Format[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Auditions[edit]

text: The general selection process of each season is begun by the production team with open auditions held in various cities across the United States. Dubbed "Producers' Auditions", they are held months before the main stage of auditions are held.[7] Those that make it through the initial stage, become participants in the "Judges' Auditions", which are held in select cities across the country, and attended by the judges. Each participant is held offstage and awaits their turn to perform before the judges, whereupon they are given 90 seconds to demonstrate their act, with a live audience present for all performances. At the end of a performance, the judges give constructive criticism and feedback about what they saw, whereupon they each give a vote - a participant who receives a majority vote approving their performance, moves on to the next stage, otherwise they are eliminated from the programme at that stage. Each judge is given a buzzer, and may use it during a performance if they are unimpressed, hate what is being performed, or feel the act is a waste of their time; if a participant is buzzed by all judges, their performance is automatically over and they are eliminated without being given a vote. Many acts that move on may be cut by producers and may forfeit due to the limited slots available for the second performance. Filming for each season always takes place when the Judges' Auditions are taking place, with the show's presenter standing in the wings of each venue's stage to interview and give personal commentary on a participant's performance.

text: Between the fifth and seventh season, acts who did not attend live auditions could instead submit a taped audition online via YouTube. Acts from the online auditions were then selected to compete in front of the judges and a live audience during the "live shows" part of the season, prior to the semi-finals. Before the inclusion of this round, the show had a separate audition episode in Seasons 3 and 4 (2008–2009) for contestants who posted videos on MySpace.[10]

text: In the ninth season, the show added a new format to the auditions in the form of the "Golden Buzzer", which began to make appearances within the Got Talent franchise, since it was first introduced on Germany's Got Talent. During auditions, each judge is allowed to use the Golden Buzzer to send an act automatically into the live shows, regardless of the opinion of the other judges; when it was initially used, the buzzer simply saved an act from elimination. The only rule to the buzzer was that a judge could use it only once per season; the host was later allowed to use the Golden Buzzer for an act from the eleventh season.

text: Judge Cuts[edit]

text: Following auditions, successful entries take part in a second stage of the talent competition, in which they are separated out into a number of groups. Over the course of several weeks, each group performs per week, at a fixed venue, in which that group's participants each attempt to secure a place in the live show by performing a new variation of their act for the judges. Of these acts, the judges chose around 10 from each group to perform in the live shows; in some seasons, participants eliminated at this stage were given a chance to still appear in the live shows by being selected as a "wildcard" act. The judges have access to their buzzers and if an act is buzzed by all of them, they are immediately eliminated from the competition. Until the second season, acts did not have to perform a second time, instead moving on into the live shows, with the judges given a list of the acts who would appear in each live episode. From the second season to the eighth, this stage was dubbed as the "Las Vegas" due to the fixed venue being situated upon the Las Vegas Strip, while in the ninth series, acts performed in New York, with the stage dubbed "Judgement Week".[11]

text: From the tenth season, the stage's format was changed and renamed as "Judge Cuts". In each round, the judging panel were joined by a guest judge who helped with making decisions on which act could move on to the live shows. Like the auditions, the guest judge could use a Golden Buzzer for an act, but once used, it could not be used again. Unlike previous seasons, the Judge Cuts featured twenty acts per round, with seven acts advancing into the live shows, including the one chosen by the guest's golden buzzer. Unlike the previous format for the stage, the venue used varied, but included the CBS Studio Center and the NBC Universal Back Lot.

text: Live shows[edit]

text: During the live shows, the final selection of participants, which has ranged from between 20 to 60 acts and include those that were chosen as Wildcards by the judges or received the Golden Buzzer, are divided into groups and compete against each other for viewers' and judges' votes. The general structure of the live episodes focuses first on four quarterfinals, and then two semi-finals, aimed at finding that season's finalists. Additional rounds are conducted when required (such as a "Top 8" or a "Top 10", depending on the season). Live episodes are broadcast weekly, and featured performances by guest stars, including previous winners of America's Got Talent. During these stages, the judges still provide feedback on an act's performance when it is over, and can use buzzers to prematurely end an performance before it is over; in the first season, the judges could not end a performance before it was over. Acts which do not secure a sufficient number of votes by the public and/or the judges, are eliminated from the competition.

text: Those that make it into the season's final compete against each other to secure the most votes from the public, with the number of finalists varying between seasons. The act which does is declared the winner for that season, in which they secure the programme's cash prize of  $1 million, and, since Season 3 (2008), a chance to headline a show on the Las Vegas Strip. Between the fifth and eighth season, the winner was also made the headline act of a national tour with runners up following the final show, stopping in 25 cities.[12][13] For season nine, however (2014), there was no tour; two shows were held in Las Vegas for the winner and some of the runner-up acts.[14] (See #America's Got Talent Live, below.)

text: Judges and Presenters[edit]

text:
Season

Presenter

Judges (chair's order)

1

2

3

4

1

Regis Philbin

Piers Morgan

Brandy

David Hasselhoff

N/A

2

JerrySpringer

Sharon Osbourne

3

4

NickCannon

5

Howie Mandel

6

7

Howard Stern

8

Heidi Klum

Mel B

Howie Mandel

9

10

11

Howie Mandel

Mel B

Heidi Klum

Simon Cowell

12

TyraBanks

13

The Champions

Terry Crews

text: In its first season, the judging panel consisted originally of David Hasselhoff, Brandy Norwood, and Piers Morgan, with the program hosted by Regis Philbin. Prior to the start of the second season, Norwood was forced to step down due to a legal matter she was caught up in,[15][16] leading to her being replaced by Sharon Osbourne,[17] while Philbin was replaced by Jerry Springer as the show's host.[18] Further changes were made to the panel and show's host, as a direct result of each respective member having a need to focus on other TV commitments - Springer was forced to leave after the third season, and was replaced by Nick Cannon for the fourth season;[19] Hasselhoff left the show after the fourth season, and so was replaced by Howie Mandel for the fifth season as a direct result;[citation needed] Morgan left after the sixth season, leading to his replacement by Howard Stern for the seventh season.

text: In August 2012, Osbourne left the program following a dispute with NBC.[20][21] While the network replaced her with former Spice Girls member Mel B in February 2013,[22] the production staff decided to expand the number of judges in the panel to four - such a format change had already been occurring in other international versions of the competition, such as on Britain's Got Talent two years prior. In March 2013, supermodel Heidi Klum was announced as joining the panel for the eighth season, confirming reports that the show would include a fourth judge into its format.[23] In October 2015, Stern was replaced by Simon Cowell for the eleventh season.[4] After his eighth year hosting America's Got Talent, Cannon announced plans to retire from the show due to comments he made about the network;[24] despite being under contract to continue his hosting duties, NBC eventually replaced him with Tyra Banks for the twelfth season.[2]

text: Judge Cuts Guest Judge[edit]

text:
Season

Judge Cuts Guest Judge (in order of appearance)

10

Neil Patrick Harris

Michael Bublé

Marlon Wayans

Piers Morgan

11

Ne-Yo

Reba McEntire

George Lopez

Louis Tomlinson

12

Chris Hardwick

DJ Khaled

Laverne Cox

Seal

13

Ken Jeong

Olivia Munn

Martina McBride

Chris Hardwick

text: Season synopses[edit]

text:
Season

Premiere

Finale

Winner

Runner-up

Third place

1

June 21, 2006

August 17, 2006

Bianca Ryan

All That

The Millers

2

June 5, 2007

August 21, 2007

Terry Fator

Cas Haley

Butterscotch

3

June 17, 2008

October 1, 2008

Neal E. Boyd

Eli Mattson

Nuttin' But Stringz

4

June 23, 2009

September 16, 2009

Kevin Skinner

Bárbara Padilla

Recycled Percussion

5

June 1, 2010

September 15, 2010

Michael Grimm

Jackie Evancho

Fighting Gravity

6

May 31, 2011

September 14, 2011

Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr.

Silhouettes

Team iLuminate

7

May 14, 2012

September 13, 2012

Olate Dogs

Tom Cotter

William Close

8

June 4, 2013

September 18, 2013

Kenichi Ebina

Taylor Williamson

Jimmy Rose

9

May 27, 2014

September 17, 2014

Mat Franco

Emily West

AcroArmy

10

May 26, 2015

September 16, 2015

Paul Zerdin

Drew Lynch

Oz Pearlman

11

May 31, 2016

September 14, 2016

Grace VanderWaal

The Clairvoyants

Jon Dorenbos

12

May 30, 2017

September 20, 2017

Darci Lynne Farmer

Angelica Hale

Light Balance

13

May 29, 2018

September 19, 2018

Shin Lim

Zurcaroh

Brian King Joseph

The Champions

January 7, 2019

February 18, 2019

TBA

TBA

TBA

text: Season 1 (2006)[edit]

text: In May 2006, NBC announced the new show. The audition tour took place in June. Auditions were held in the following locations: Los Angeles, New York, and Chicago. Some early ads for the show implied that the winning act would also headline a show at a casino, possibly in Las Vegas; however, this was replaced with a million dollars due to concerns of minors playing in Las Vegas, should one become a champion. More than 12 million viewers watched the series premiere (which is more than American Idol got during its premiere in 2002). The two-hour broadcast was the night's most-watched program on U.S. television and the highest-rated among viewers aged 18 to 49 (the prime-time audience that matters most to advertisers), Nielsen Media Research reported.[25]

text: On the season finale, there was an unaired segment that was scheduled to appear after Aly & AJ. The segment featured Tom Green dressing in a parrot costume and squawking with a live parrot to communicate telepathically. Green then proceeded to fly up above the audience, shooting confetti streamers out of his costume onto the crowd below.

text: In season one, the show was hosted by Regis Philbin and judged by actor David Hasselhoff, singer Brandy Norwood, and journalist Piers Morgan.

text: The winner of the season was 11-year-old singer Bianca Ryan, and the runners-up were clogging group All That and musical group The Millers.

text: Season 2 (2007)[edit]

text: After initially announcing in June 2006 that season two would premiere in January 2007 and would air at 8 pm on Sunday nights, with no separate results show, the network changed that, pushing the show back to the summer, where the first season had enjoyed great success. This move kept the show out of direct competition with American Idol, which had a similar premise and was more popular.

text: In AGT's place, another reality-based talent show, Grease: You're The One That I Want, began airing on Sunday nights in the same time slot on NBC beginning in January.[26] In March, NBC announced that Philbin would not return as host of the show, and that Jerry Springer would succeed him as host,[27] with Sharon Osbourne (formerly a judge on Cowell's UK show The X Factor) succeeding Brandy Norwood as a judge.

text: The season finale was shown Tuesday, August 21, with the winner being Terry Fator, a singing impressionist ventriloquist. The runner-up was singer Cas Haley.

text: Season 3 (2008)[edit]

text: Season three premiered on June 17, 2008. Auditions took place in Charlotte, Nashville, Orlando, New York, Dallas, Los Angeles, Atlanta, and Chicago from January to April. A televised MySpace audition also took place.

text: Season three differed from the previous two in many ways. Auditions were held in well-known theaters across the nation, and a new title card was introduced, featuring the American flag as background. The X's matched the ones on Britain's Got Talent as did the judges' table. Like the previous season, the Las Vegas callbacks continued, but there were forty acts selected to compete in the live rounds, instead of twenty. This season also contained several results episodes, but not on a regular basis. The show took a hiatus for two-and-a-half weeks for the 2008 Summer Olympics, but returned with the live rounds on August 26.

text: Neal E. Boyd, an opera singer, was named the winner on October 1. Eli Mattson, a singer and pianist, was runner-up.

text: Season 4 (2009)[edit]

text: Season four premiered on Tuesday, June 23, 2009. It was the first to be broadcast in high definition. Auditions for this season were held in more than nine major cities including New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington, D.C., Atlanta, Miami, Tacoma, Boston, and Houston. Los Angeles auditions kicked off the January 29–31 tour at the Los Angeles Convention Center, followed by the February 7–8 Atlanta auditions. New York and Miami auditions were held during March. Tacoma auditions were held April 25 and 26. In addition to live auditions and the ability to send in a home audition tape, season four offered the opportunity for acts to upload their video direct to NBC.com/agt with their registration. This year's host was Nick Cannon. Jerry Springer said that he could not return as host due to other commitments.[28]

text: The audition process in season four was the same as the previous season, but the 'Las Vegas Callbacks' was renamed 'Vegas Verdicts'. This was the first season since season one where results episodes lasted one hour on a regular basis. The title card this year featured bands of the American flag and stars waving around the America's Got Talent logo.

text: On September 16, country music singer Kevin Skinner was named the season's winner. The grand prize was $1 million and a 10-week headline show at the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino on the Las Vegas Strip. The runner-up was Bárbara Padilla, an opera singer.[29]

text: Season 5 (2010)[edit]

text: For season five, the network had considered moving the show to the fall, after rival series So You Think You Can Dance transferred from the summer to fall season in 2009.[30] NBC ultimately decided to keep Talent a summer show.

text: Open auditions were held in the winter to early spring of 2010 in Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles, New York, Orlando, and Portland (Oregon). Non-televised producers' auditions were also held in Atlanta and Philadelphia. For the first time, online auditions were also held via YouTube.

text: David Hasselhoff left to host a new television show[31] and was replaced by comedian and game show host Howie Mandel. This made Piers Morgan the only original judge left in the show.[32] The show premiered Tuesday, June 1, 2010, at 8 pm ET. Afterward, Talent resumed the same time slot as the previous season.[33]

text: On September 15, singer Michael Grimm was named the winner. He won a $1 million prize and a chance to perform at the Caesars Palace Casino and Resort on the Las Vegas Strip, as well as headline the 25-city America's Got Talent Live Tour along with runner-up Jackie Evancho, Fighting Gravity, Prince Poppycock, and the other top ten finalists.[12][13]

text: Season 6 (2011)[edit]

text: Season six premiered on Tuesday, May 31, 2011, with a two-hour special. Piers Morgan and Sharon Osbourne continued as judges after taking jobs on Piers Morgan Tonight and The Talk, respectively. On The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on July 27, 2010, Morgan officially stated that he had signed a three-year contract to stay on Talent.[34]

text: The show held televised auditions in Los Angeles, New York, Minneapolis, Atlanta, Seattle, and Houston. Non-televised producers' auditions were also held in Denver and Chicago. Previews of auditions were shown during NBC's The Voice premiere on April 26. Online auditions via YouTube were also held for the second time in the show's run, beginning on May 4. Finalists for this audition circuit competed live on August 9.

text: On Wednesday, September 14, Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr., a Frank Sinatra-style singer, was named the winner. Dance group Silhouettes was runner-up.

text: Season 7 (2012)[edit]

text: Season seven premiered on May 14, 2012. The first round of auditions, which are judged by producers, were held in New York, Washington, D.C., Tampa, Charlotte, Austin, Anaheim, St. Louis, and San Francisco from October 2011 to February 2012.[35] The show began its live theater performances at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark on February 27.

text: Piers Morgan did not return as a judge for season seven, due to his work hosting CNN's Piers Morgan Tonight,[36] and he was replaced by Howard Stern. Since Stern hosts his SiriusXM radio show in New York City, the live rounds of the show were moved to nearby Newark, New Jersey.[37] In December 2011, Simon Cowell, the show's executive producer, announced that the show would be receiving a "top-to-bottom makeover", confirming that there would be new graphics, lighting, theme music, show intro, logo, and a larger live audience at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark.[38] On July 2, at the first live performance show of the season, their new location and stage were unveiled in a two-and-a-half-hour live special. A new set was also unveiled with a revised judges' desk and a refreshed design of the "X".

text: On August 6, Sharon Osbourne announced that she would leave America's Got Talent after the current season, in response to allegations that her son Jack Osbourne was discriminated against by the producers of the upcoming NBC program Stars Earn Stripes.[39]

text: On September 13, Olate Dogs were announced the winner of the season, becoming the show's first completely non-singing act to win the competition and also the first non-solo act to win. Comedian Tom Cotter finished as the runner-up.

text: Season 8 (2013)[edit]

text: Season eight of AGT premiered on Tuesday, June 4, 2013.[40] The new season was announced in a promotional video shown during a commercial break for season seven's second live show. Sharon Osbourne initially stated that she would not return for the season,[41] but later said that she was staying with the show "for now."[42] Osbourne confirmed that she would be leaving the show after a feud with NBC on August 6, 2012.[43][44]

text: On February 20, 2013, it was announced that one of the Spice Girls members, Mel B (Melanie Brown), would be joining the show as the new fourth judge. Entertainment Weekly also reported at the same time that NBC was looking at a possible fourth judge to be added.[45] On March 3, it was announced that supermodel Heidi Klum would replace Sharon Osbourne as the third judge.[46]

text: An Audition Cities poll for the season was announced on July 11, 2012. The first batch of Audition Cities were announced as Los Angeles, Seattle, Portland (Oregon), New Orleans, Birmingham, Memphis, Nashville, Savannah, Raleigh, Norfolk, San Antonio, New York, Columbus (Ohio), and Chicago. This season, the auditions traveled to more cities than ever before.[47] America's Got Talent moved its live shows to Radio City Music Hall in New York for season eight.[48] Auditions in front of the judges and an audience began taping on March 4. The show traveled to New Orleans, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, and San Antonio.[48]

text: On September 18, 2013, martial arts dancer/mime Kenichi Ebina was announced the winner of the season, the first dance act to win the competition. Stand-up comedian Taylor Williamson was the runner-up.

text: Season 9 (2014)[edit]

text: Season nine premiered on Tuesday, May 27, 2014, at 8 pm ET.[49] The producers' auditions began on October 26, 2013, in Miami. Other audition sites included Atlanta, Baltimore, Denver, Houston, Indianapolis, Los Angeles, and New York. Contestants could also submit a video of their audition online.[50] Auditions in front of the judges were held February 20–22 at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center in Newark, which also hosted the live shows during season seven. Judges' auditions were held in New York City at Madison Square Garden from April 3 to 6 and in Los Angeles at the Dolby Theatre from April 21 to 26.[51]

text: The live shows return to Radio City Music Hall on July 29. There was also a new twist in the show, where "Judgment Week" was held in New York City instead of Las Vegas. Judgment Week was originally intended to be held in front of a live studio audience, but after three acts performed, the producers scrapped the live audience concept.[11] This season also came with the addition of a "Golden Buzzer," which was unveiled on that same year's Britain's Got Talent. Each judge can press the buzzer only once each season that can save an act, typically used when there is a tie.[52]

text: For this season, contestants were invited to submit a video of their performance to The Today Show website throughout June, and the top three entrants performed their acts on The Today Show on July 23, 2014. The performer with the most votes, Cornell Bhangra, filled the 48th spot in the quarterfinals.

text: On September 17, magician Mat Franco was announced the winner of the season, the first magic act to win the competition. Singer Emily West was the runner-up.

text: Season 10 (2015)[edit]

text: Season ten premiered on May 26, 2015. Producer auditions began on November 2, 2014, in Tampa. Other audition sites included Nashville, Richmond (Virginia), New York, Chicago, St. Louis, San Antonio, Albuquerque, San Francisco, Seattle, Boise, Las Vegas, and Los Angeles. Online submissions were also accepted.[53]

text: Howard Stern rumored on his radio show on October 1, 2014, that he might not return,[54] but announced on December 8 that he would return for the upcoming season. Nick Cannon returned for his seventh season as host.[55] On February 9, 2015, Howie Mandel said he would return for season ten[56] and Mel B announced the next day that she would be returning as well.[57] It was revealed on February 11 that Heidi Klum would also be returning.[58]

text: It was announced on December 4, 2014, that Cris Judd would be named as a dance scout.[59] He previously worked on the show as a choreographer behind the scenes, and on the New Zealand version of Got Talent as a judge.

text: Auditions in front of the judges began on March 2, 2015, at the New Jersey Performing Arts Center.[48][60] They continued at the Manhattan Center in New York City and the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles. A special "extreme" audition session was held outside at the Fairplex in Pomona, California, where danger acts performed outside for the judges, who were seated at an outdoor stage.

text: During NBC's summer press tour, it was announced that America's Got Talent would be making their "Golden Buzzer" more like Britain's Got Talent where the contestant that gets the buzzer will be sent directly to the live shows.[61] An official trailer for the season was released, which showed that Dunkin Donuts was the show's official sponsor for the season, with their cups prominently placed on the judges' desk. Dunkin replaced Snapple, which sponsored the show since season seven.

text: On June 24, Howard Stern announced on The Howard Stern Show that season ten would be his last season as judge. Stern said, "In all seriousness, I’ve told you, I’m just too f*cking busy…something's got to give… NBC's already asked me what my intentions are for next year, whether or not I’d come back, I kind of have told them I think this is my last season. Not I think, this is my last season".[62]

text: On September 16, Paul Zerdin was announced the winner of the season, making him the second ventriloquist to win. Comedian Drew Lynch was runner-up, and magician mentalist Oz Pearlman was in Third Place.

text: Season 11 (2016)[edit]

text: America's Got Talent was renewed for an eleventh season on September 1, 2015.[63] The season would have preliminary open call auditions in Detroit, New York, Phoenix, Salt Lake City, Las Vegas, San Jose, San Diego, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Atlanta, Orlando, and Dallas.[64] As in years past, hopeful contestants may also submit auditions online.[65]

text: On October 22, 2015, it was announced that creator Simon Cowell would replace Howard Stern as a judge for season 11.[4] Mel B, Heidi Klum and Howie Mandel all returned as judges, with Nick Cannon returning as host. The live shows moved from New York back to Los Angeles, due to Stern's departure,[66] at the Dolby Theatre.[67]

text: Auditions in front of the judges began on March 3, 2016 at the Pasadena Civic Auditorium in Pasadena, California.[68] The season premiered on May 31, 2016.[69]

text: On September 14, 12-year-old singer-songwriter and ukulele player Grace VanderWaal was announced as the second female and second child to win America's Got Talent (Bianca Ryan, age 11, was first). Magician mentalists The Clairvoyants were runners-up, and magician Jon Dorenbos placed third.

text: Season 12 (2017)[edit]

text: On August 2, 2016, it was announced that host Nick Cannon and all four judges would be returning for season 12.[70] Later that year, on October 4, Simon Cowell signed a contract to remain as a judge through to 2019 (Season 14).[71]

text: On February 13, 2017, Cannon announced he would not return as host for the twelfth season, citing creative differences between him and executives at NBC. The resignation came in the wake of news that the network considered firing Cannon after he made disparaging remarks about NBC in his Showtime comedy special Stand Up, Don't Shoot.[72] NBC selected Tyra Banks as the new host for season 12,[2] which premiered on Tuesday, May 30, 2017.[73]

text: On September 20, Darci Lynne Farmer won the twelfth season, becoming the third ventriloquist, third child act and the third female act to win the competition (second year in a row after VanderWaal's win in 2016). Child singer Angelica Hale was announced as the runner-up, and Ukrainian dance act Light Balance finished in third place. Deaf musician Mandy Harvey and dog act Sara & Hero rounded out the top five.

text: Season 13 (2018)[edit]

text: On February 21, 2018, it was announced that judges Simon Cowell, Mel B, Heidi Klum and Howie Mandel along with Tyra Banks would all be returning. The season premiered on May 29, 2018. Magician Shin Lim was named the winner on the season finale, September 19, 2018. This marks the second magician to win. Acrobatic group Zurcaroh and violinist Brian King Joseph came in second and third place respectively.[6] Stand-up comedian Samuel J. Comroe and singer Michael Ketterer rounded out the top 5.

text: Post-show[edit]

text: America's Got Talent Live[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: America's Got Talent Live is a show on the Las Vegas Strip that features the winner of each season of America's Got Talent as the main performance.

text: In 2009, America's Got Talent Live appeared on the Las Vegas Strip appearing Wednesday through Sunday at the Planet Hollywood Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, in a limited ten-week run from October through January featuring winner Kevin Skinner, runner-up Barbara Padilla and fourth-place finisher The Texas Tenors. It featured the final ten acts which made it to the season four (2009) finale. Jerry Springer emceed, commuting weekly between Stamford, Connecticut, tapings of his self-named show and Las Vegas.[74]

text: In 2010, on the first live show of season five, the winner headlined America's Got Talent Live from Caesars Palace Casino and Resort on the Las Vegas Strip, which was part of a 25-city tour that featured the season's finalists. Jerry Springer returned as both host of the tour and the headliner of the show.[75]

text: In 2012, the tour returned, featuring winners Olate Dogs, Spencer Horsman, Joe Castillo, Lightwire Theater, David Garibaldi and his CMYK's, Jarrett and Raja, Tom Cotter, and other fan favorites.

text: In 2013, after the success of the 2012 tour, another tour was scheduled, featuring season eight's winner, Kenichi Ebina, and finalists Collins Key, Jimmy Rose, Taylor Williamson, Cami Bradley, The KriStef Brothers, and Tone the Chiefrocca.[76] Tone hosted the tour.

text: In 2014, America's Got Talent Live announced that performances in Las Vegas on September 26 and 27 would feature Taylor Williamson, the season eight (2013) runner-up, and the top finalists for season nine: Mat Franco, Emily West, Quintavious Johnson, AcroArmy, Emil and Dariel, Miguel Dakota, and Sons of Serendip.[14]

text: In 2015, no tour was held. Instead, three shows were given at the Planet Hollywood Resort in Las Vegas featuring winner Paul Zerdin, runner-up Drew Lynch, and fan favorite Piff the Magic Dragon.

text: In 2016, four shows were given at the Planet Hollywood Resort in Las Vegas. They featured the top two finalists for season 11, Grace VanderWaal and The Clairvoyants, as well as finalist Tape Face.[77]

text: In 2017, four shows were given at the Planet Hollywood Resort in Las Vegas. They featured winner Darci Lynne, runner-up Angelica Hale, third-placed Light Balance, and finalist Preacher Lawson.[78]

text: Holiday Spectacular[edit]

text: NBC broadcast the two-hour America's Got Talent Holiday Spectacular on December 19, 2016, hosted by Cannon with performances by Grace VanderWaal, Jackie Evancho, Andra Day, Penn & Teller, Pentatonix, Terry Fator, Mat Franco, Piff the Magic Dragon, Olate Dogs, Professor Splash, Jon Dorenbos and others, and featuring the Season 11 judges, including Klum, who sang a duet with Season 11 finalist Sal Valentinetti.[79] The special drew 9.5 million viewers.[80]

text: Reception[edit]

text: U.S. television ratings[edit]

text: Since the show began, its ratings have been very high, ranging from 9 million viewers to as many as 16 million viewers, generally averaging around 11 million viewers. The show has also ranked high in the 18–49 demographic, usually rating anywhere from as low as 1.6 to as high as 4.6 throughout its run. Audition shows and performance shows rate higher on average than results shows.

text: Although the show's ratings have been high, the network usually keeps the show's run limited to before the official start of the next television season in the third week of September with some reductions or expansions depending on Olympic years, where finale ratings are usually lower due to returning programming on other networks.

text: The highest rated season in overall viewers to date is season four (2009). The most-watched episode has been the finale of season five (2010), with 16.41 million viewers. The series premiere and an episode featuring the first part of Las Vegas Week in season six (2011) have each tied for highest rating among adults 18–49, both having a 4.6 rating.

text:
Season

Premiered

Ended

TV season

Timeslot (ET)

Seasonviewers

Seasonranking

Date

Viewers(in millions)

Date

Viewers(in millions)

1

June 21, 2006

12.41

Final Performances:  August 16, 2006

2005–06

Wednesday 8:00 pm

1

Season Finale:  August 17, 2006

12.05

Thursday 9:00 pm

1

2

June 5, 2007

12.93

Final Performances: August 20, 2007

2006–07

Tuesday 8:00 pm

1

Season Finale:  August 21, 2007

13.87

3

June 17, 2008

12.80

Final Performances:  September 30, 2008

10.23

2007–08

Tuesday 9:00 pm (June 17 – August 5)Tuesday 8:00 pm (after August 26)

1

Season Finale: October 1, 2008

12.55

Wednesday 9:00 pm(after August 27)

1

4[81][82][83]

June 23, 2009

11.30

Final Performances: September 15, 2009

13.84

2008–09

Tuesday 9:00 pm

1

Season Finale: September 16, 2009

15.53

Wednesday 9:00 pm

1

5[84][85]

June 1, 2010

12.35

Final Performances: September 14, 2010

14.60

2009–10

Tuesday 9:00 pm

1

Season Finale: September 15, 2010

16.41

Wednesday 9:00 pm

1

6[86][87][88]

May 31, 2011

15.28

Final Performances: September 13, 2011

13.67

2010–11

Tuesday 8:00 pm (May 31 – July 5) Tuesday 9:00 pm (after July 5)

12.65

1

Season Finale:  September 14, 2011

14.37

Wednesday 9:00 pm(after June 22)

11.49[89]

1

7[90][91][92]

May 14, 2012

10.48

Final Performances:  September 12, 2012

11.05

2011-12

Monday 8:00 pm (May 14 – July 3) Tuesday 8:00 pm (after July 3)

10.48[93]

1

Season Finale: September 13, 2012

10.59

Tuesday 9:00 pm (May 14 – July 3) Wednesday 9:00 pm (after July 3)

10.58[89]

1

8[94][95][96]

June 4, 2013

12.41

Final Performances: September 17, 2013

11.19

2012–13

Tuesday 8:00 pm

11.22[97]

1

Season Finale: September 18, 2013

11.49

Wednesday 8:00 pm(after July 10)

10.34[98]

1

9[99][100][101]

May 27, 2014

12.00

Final Performances: September 16, 2014

11.46

2013–14

Tuesday 8:00 pm (May 27 – July 15) Tuesday 9:00 pm (after July 22)

10.31[102]

1

Season Finale: September 17, 2014

12.21

Wednesday 9:00 pm(after July 23)

10.37[103]

1

10[104][105][106]

May 26, 2015

11.09

Final Performances: September 15, 2015

11.33

2014–15

Tuesday 8:00 pm

10.70[107]

1

Season Finale: September 16, 2015

9.54

Wednesday 8:00 pm(after August 12)

9.07[108]

1

11[109][110][111]

May 31, 2016

11.67

Final Performances: September 13, 2016

13.97

2015–16

Tuesday 8:00 pm

11.71[112]

1

Season Finale: September 14, 2016

14.41

Wednesday 8:00 pm(after July 5)

10.97[113]

1

12[114][115][116]

May 30, 2017

12.37

Final Performances: September 19, 2017

14.70

2016–17

Tuesday 8:00 pm

12.90[117]

1

Season Finale: September 20, 2017

15.64

Wednesday 8:00 pm(after August 9)

12.00[118]

1

13[119][120][121]

May 29, 2018

12.16

Final Performances: September 18, 2018

12.99

2017–18

Tuesday 8:00 pm

TBA

TBA

Season Finale: September 19, 2018

12.88

Wednesday 8:00 pm(after August 15)

TBA

TBA

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year

Association

Category

Result

Ref.

2011

People's Choice Awards

Favorite Competition Show

Nominated

[122]

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Reality Show

Nominated

[123]

Primetime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Hairstyling For A Multi-Camera Series Or Special

Nominated

[124]

2012

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Reality Show

Nominated

[125]

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Summer TV Show

Nominated

[126]

Choice Male TV Personality: Nick Cannon

Nominated

[127]

2013

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Reality Show

Nominated

[128]

2014

People's Choice Awards

Favorite TV Competition Show

Nominated

[129]

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Reality Show

Nominated

[130]

2015

People's Choice Awards

Favorite TV Competition Show

Nominated

[131]

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Talent Competition Show

Nominated

[132]

2016

People's Choice Awards

Favorite TV Competition Show

Won

[133]

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Talent Competition Show

Nominated

[134]

2017

Critics' Choice Awards

Best Reality Series - Competition

Nominated

People's Choice Awards

Favorite TV Competition Show

Nominated

[133]

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Reality Show

Won

2018

Critics' Choice Awards

Best Reality Series - Competition

Nominated

text: Top-selling albums by former contestants[edit]

text: Sales numbers and rankings are U.S. sales only.

text:
Rank

Former contestant

Total US sales

Albums

1

Jackie Evancho(season 5, runner-up)

3,000,000+[135]

Prelude to a Dream (2009) No. 121[136]
O Holy Night (2010) No. 2 (Platinum certification)[137]
Dream with Me (2011) No. 2 (Gold certification)[137][138]
Heavenly Christmas (2011) No. 11[137][139]
Songs from the Silver Screen (2012) No. 7[140]
Awakening (2014) No. 17[141][142]
Someday at Christmas (2016) No. 93[143]
Two Hearts (2017) No. 100[144] (Evancho's 7th consecutive No. 1 ranking on the Classical Albums Chart)[145]

2

Lindsey Stirling(season 5 quarterfinalist)

856,000+[146]

Lindsey Stirling (2012) No. 23
Shatter Me (2014) No. 2
Brave Enough (2016) No. 5

3

The Texas Tenors (season 4, 4th place)

500,000+[147]

The Texas Tenors (album)|Country Roots, Classical Sound: Remastered Special Edition (2011) No. 1 Classical Catalog Albums chart[148]
O Night Divine (2013) No. 13 Classical Albums chart[149]
You Should Dream (2013) No. 111; No. 5 Classical Albums chart[150]
First 5 Years Live (2014) No. 1 Classical Catalog Albums chart[148]
Rise (2017) No. 22; No. 1 Classical Albums Chart[151]

4

Grace VanderWaal (season 11 winner)

200,000+[152]

Perfectly Imperfect (2016) No. 4
Just the Beginning (2017) No. 22

5

Landau Eugene Murphy, Jr. (season 6 winner)

156,000+[153]

That's Life (2011) No. 34[154]
Christmas Made for Two (2013) did not chart

6

Bianca Ryan (season 1 winner)

150,000+[155]

Bianca Ryan (2006) No. 57
Christmas Everyday (2007) did not chart
The True Meaning of Christmas (2009) did not chart

7

Cas Haley (season 2 runner-up)

40,000+[156][157]

Cas Haley (2008) No. 8
Connection (2010) did not chart
La Si Dah (2013) did not chart

8

Michael Grimm (season 5 winner)

22,000+[158]

Michael Grimm Live (2007) did not chart
I Am Michael Grimm (2009) did not chart
Leave Your Hat On (2010) No. 101
Michael Grimm (2011) No. 13

9

Neal E. Boyd (season 3 winner)

6,000+[159]

My American Dream (2009) No. 195

text: Contestants who have competed on other reality shows[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Many acts which have competed on America's Got Talent but were ultimately eliminated before the final round have either previously competed on or went on to compete in a number of other reality shows, most notably American Idol and America's Best Dance Crew.

text: The following America's Got Talent (AGT) contestants also appeared on American Idol (AI):

text:
AGTSeason

Year

Contestant

AISeason

Year

Outcome

1

2006

Jessica Sanchez

11

2012

Runner-up

3

2008

Holli Harden

9

2010

Appeared

4

2009

Thia Megia

10

2011

Finished in the Top 11

4, 9

2009, 2014

Kelli Glover

1

2002

Appeared

6

2011

Shevonne Phillidor

15

2016

Appeared

9

2014

Nick Fradiani, member of Beach Avenue

14

2015

Winner

10

2015

Jenna Renae

15

2016

Top 24

11

2016

Sal Valentinetti

14

2015

Appeared

text: The following America's Got Talent (AGT) contestants also appeared on America's Best Dance Crew (ABDC):

text:
AGTSeason

Year

Contestant

ABDCSeason

Year

Outcome

2

2007

Jabbawockeez

1

2008

Champions

3

2008

Extreme Dance FX

5

2010

Competed as Blended Projekt

3, 4

2008, 2009

SQ Entertainment

1

2008

Runner-up

4

2009

BreakSk8

1

2008

Finished in fourth place

4

2009

FootworKINGz

6

2011

Competed

5

2010

Rated Next Generation (RNG)

7

2012

Finished in Top Four

5

2010

Strikers All-Stars

3

2009

Finished in Top Four

7

2012

787 Crew

6

2011

Competed

9

2014

Flight Crew Jump Rope

5

2010

Finished in fifth place, and competed as Saltare

text: The following America's Got Talent (AGT) contestants also appeared on these other shows:

text:
AGTSeason

Year

Contestant

Show

Season

Year

Network

Outcome

1

2006

Tonya Kay, member of Trey Knight's Stilt World

Who Wants to Be a Superhero?

1

2006

SyFy

5th Place

2

2007

Tammie Brown

RuPaul's Drag Race

1

2009

Logo

8th Place

2

2007

Tika "Sweetie" Rainn

Flavor of Love

1

2006

VH1

8th Place

3

2008

Derrick Barry

RuPaul's Drag Race

8

2016

Logo

5th Place

5

2010

Justin Hopkins

The Voice

2

2012

NBC

Advanced to Battle Rounds

5

2010

Murray SawChuck

Celebracadabra

1

2008

VH1

Appeared

5

2010

Alice Tan Ridley

30 Seconds to Fame

Pilot

2002

Fox

Winner

6

2011

Dani Shay

The Glee Project

2

2012

Oxygen

Appeared

7

2012

Trisha Paytas

Who Wants to Be a Superhero?

2

2007

SyFy

7th Place

7

2012

Horse

American Ninja Warrior

4

2012

G4 and NBC

Competed

7

2012

Bria Kelly

The Voice

6

2014

NBC

Advanced to Top 10 on Team Usher

7

2012

Academy of Villains

Fake Off

2

2015

TruTV

Appeared

7

2012

Lightwire Theatre

Fake Off

1

2014

TruTV

Winners

7, 8

2012, 2013

D'Angelo and Amanda

Live to Dance

1

2011

CBS

Winners

7

2015

Ben Blaque

Britain's Got Talent

10

2010

ITV

Advanced to the semi-finals

8

2015

Alexandr Magala

Britain's Got Talent

10

2010

ITV

9th place

8

2013

Kennedy Davenport

RuPaul's Drag Race

7

2015

Logo

4th Place

8

2013

Tummy Talk

The Gong Show

1

2017

ABC

Appeared

8

2013

Angela Hoover

First Impressions

1

2016

USA Network

Appeared

8

2013

KriStef Brothers

Fake Off

1

2014

TruTV

7th Place

8

2013

Taylor Williamson

Last Comic Standing

7

2010

NBC

Semifinalist

9

2014

Adrian Romoff

Child Genius

2

2016

Lifetime

Winner

10

2015

Leroy Patterson

Solitary

2

2007

Fox Reality

7th Place

10

2015

Myq Kaplan

Last Comic Standing

7

2010

NBC

Finalist

10

2015

Freelusion Dance Company

Fake Off

1

2014

TruTV

Fourth place, appeared as Freelusion USA

10

2015

Piff the Magic Dragon

Penn & Teller: Fool Us

1

20112014

ITV (U.K.)The CW (U.S.)

Appeared

10

2015

Stevie Starr

Britain's Got Talent

4

2010

ITV

Advanced to the semi-finals[160]

11

2016

Cory Kahaney

Last Comic Standing

1

2003

NBC

Finalist

11

2016

Laura Bretan

Romania's Got Talent

6

2016

Pro TV

Winner[161]

13

2018

The Sacred Riana

Asia's Got Talent

2

2017

AXN Asia

Winner[162]

13

2018

Yumbo Dump

Asia's Got Talent

2

2017

AXN Asia

Semifinalist[163]

text: International broadcasts[edit]

text: In Indonesia, the eleventh season has currently been broadcast by NET. since October 22, 2016 every Saturday and Sunday at 10 pm WIB.[164] But, since Monday, October 31, in addition to the weekend slot, the show has also been broadcast every Monday to Friday at 5 pm WIB as the replacement of the currently concluded TV drama, the second season of Kesempurnaan Cinta, which was concluded on Friday, October 28, 2016.[165]

text: In the United Kingdom, TruTV, along with simulcasts on the Local Television Limited network, show America's Got Talent, with TruTV showing it from the tenth season.

text: The thirteenth season of the show will air on AXN Asia, together with the twelfth series of Britain's Got Talent.

text: In the Philippines, the show was being broadcast on ABS-CBN from 2008 to 2010. When the network premiered Pilipinas Got Talent in 2010, the show was now being aired on Studio 23 until January 2014, the time Studio 23 rebranded to ABS-CBN Sports+Action (now branding as ABS-CBN S+A). In 2011, the show aired on The Game Channel until its closure in 2015. Currently, it is being aired on AXN Philippines and on RTL CBS Entertainment (now Blue Ant Entertainment).