document_title: The Fate of the Furious

question_text: where is the fate of the furious filmed

question_tokens: where is the fate of the furious filmed

text: The Fate of the Furious

text: Plot[edit]

text: Dominic "Dom" Toretto and Letty Ortiz are on their honeymoon in Havana when Dom's cousin Fernando gets in trouble owing money to local racer Raldo. Sensing Raldo is a loan shark, Dom challenges Raldo to a race, pitting Fernando's reworked car against Raldo's, and wagering his own show car. After narrowly winning the race, Dom allows Raldo to keep his car, earning his respect, and instead leaves his cousin with his show car.

text: The next day, Dom is approached by the elusive cyberterrorist Cipher who coerces him into working for her. Shortly afterwards, Dom and his team, comprising Letty, Roman Pearce, Tej Parker, and Ramsey, are recruited by Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) agent Luke Hobbs to help him retrieve an EMP device from a military outpost in Berlin. During the getaway, Dom goes rogue, forcing Hobbs off the road and stealing the device for Cipher. Hobbs is arrested and locked up in the same high-security prison he helped imprison Deckard Shaw in. After escaping, Deckard and Hobbs are recruited by intelligence operative Mr. Nobody and his protégé to help the team find Dom and capture Cipher. Deckard reveals that Cipher had hired his brother Owen Shaw to steal the Nightshade device and Mose Jakande to steal God's Eye, Ramsey's software program. The team tracks Dom and Cipher to their very location just as the latter two attack the base and steal God's Eye. When Dom questions Cipher's motives, she reveals that she has been holding hostage Dom's ex-lover and DSS agent Elena Neves—as well as their son, of whose existence Dom was previously unaware. Elena tells Dom that she wanted him to decide the child's first name, having already given him the middle name Marcos.

text: In New York City, Cipher sends Dom to retrieve a nuclear football held by the Russian Minister of Defence. Prior to the theft, Dom briefly evades Cipher - with the help of Raldo - and persuades Deckard and Owen's mother, Magdalene Shaw, to help him. Cipher hacks into the electronics systems of a large number of cars, causing them to drive automatically and taking out the convoy so that Dom can take the football. The team intercepts Dom, but Dom escapes, shooting and apparently killing Deckard in the process. Letty catches up to Dom, but is ambushed and nearly killed by Cipher's enforcer, Connor Rhodes, before Dom rescues her. In retaliation, Cipher has Rhodes execute Elena in front of Dom.

text: Dom infiltrates a base in Russia to use the EMP device to disable their security and then to disable a nuclear submarine, enabling Cipher to hijack it and attempt to use its arsenal to trigger a nuclear war. They are once again intercepted by the team, who attempt to shut down the sub, and then drive out toward the gates that would prevent the sub from leaving into open waters. Meanwhile, Deckard, whose death was apparently faked, teams up with Owen, and under Magdalene's behest, infiltrates Cipher's plane to rescue Dom's son. Once Deckard reports that the child is safe, Dom turns on Cipher and kills Rhodes, avenging Elena's death, before rejoining his team. Outraged, Cipher fires an infrared homing missile at Dom, but he breaks away from his team and maneuvers around it, causing the missile to hit the submarine instead. The team quickly forms a vehicular blockade around Dom, shielding him from the ensuing explosion. When Deckard reaches the front of the plane and confronts a defeated Cipher, she makes her escape by parachuting out of the plane.

text: Mr. Nobody and his protégé visit Dom and his team in New York City to report that Cipher is still at large in Athens. Hobbs is offered his DSS job back, but he declines in order to spend more time with his daughter. Deckard delivers Dom his son, putting his differences aside with Dom and Hobbs. Dom names his son Brian, after his friend and brother-in-law Brian O'Conner, and they celebrate.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Vin Diesel as Dominic Toretto, a former criminal and professional street racer who has retired and settled down with his wife, Letty. He is coerced by Cipher to work against his team.
Dwayne Johnson as Luke Hobbs, a Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) agent who allied with Dom and his team following their outings in Rio de Janeiro and Europe.
Jason Statham as Deckard Shaw, a rogue special forces assassin who was imprisoned by Hobbs and the DSS after his defeat in Los Angeles, who serves as an ally to help Dom's team take down Cipher.
Michelle Rodriguez as Letty Ortiz, Dom's wife and a former professional street racer.
Tyrese Gibson as Roman Pearce, a former criminal from Barstow and a member of Dom's team.
Chris "Ludacris" Bridges as Tej Parker, a mechanic from Miami and a member of Dom's team.
Scott Eastwood as Eric Reisner / Little Nobody,[6][7] a law enforcement agent working under Mr. Nobody.
Nathalie Emmanuel as Ramsey, a computer hacktivist and a member of Dom's team.
Elsa Pataky as Elena Neves, the mother of Dom's child and a former Rio de Janeiro police officer who moved to the United States to become Hobbs' new partner at the DSS.
Kurt Russell as Mr. Nobody,[8] an intelligence operative and the leader of a covert ops team which previously aided Dom and his team in taking down Deckard in Abu Dhabi.
Charlize Theron as Cipher, a criminal mastermind and cyberterrorist who coerces Dom into working against his team by holding Elena and their son hostage.

text: Tego Calderón and Don Omar reprise their roles from previous films as Tego Leo and Rico Santos, former members of Dom's team from the Dominican Republic and Rio de Janeiro, respectively. Luke Evans reprises his role from Fast & Furious 6 (2013) as Owen Shaw, Deckard's younger brother and a former Special Air Service (SAS) soldier who formerly opposed Dom's team in Europe, and who helps his brother in rescuing Dom's son. Kristofer Hivju appears as Connor Rhodes, Cipher's enforcer and right-hand man. Patrick St. Esprit appears as DS Allen.[9] Helen Mirren makes an uncredited cameo appearance as Magdalene Shaw, the mother of Deckard and Owen Shaw.[10] Celestino Cornielle portrays Raldo, a street racer who Dom earns the respect of.[11]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Following the release of Furious 7 (2015), Vin Diesel said regarding a possible sequel:

text: I was trying to keep it close to the vest throughout the release. Paul Walker used to say that [an eighth film] was guaranteed. And in some ways, when your brother guarantees something, you sometimes feel like you have to make sure it comes to pass ... so if fate has it, then you'll get this when you hear about it. [Furious 7] was for Paul, [the eighth film] is from Paul.[12]

text:
We're trying to do what we always do, which is try to come at it from a character point of view and figure out where the characters would go from here. I think the thing that's made The Fast and the Furious special is obviously we have incredible action and so on. But the thing that people really relate to the most is the characters. We're lucky that we have a lot of great characters. Unfortunately, we don't have Paul [Walker] anymore. His character... has moved on. But we feel like there's a lot still to be mined. That's where we're starting. We're really talking about the characters, where they all sit right now. It's a huge challenge.

—Neal H. Moritz, The Fast and the Furious franchise producer[13]

tag: div

text: Diesel further hinted at an eighth film on Jimmy Kimmel Live! when he stated that Kurt Russell's character would span multiple films. He also stated that the next film would take place in New York City.[14] Chris Morgan wrote his sixth script in the franchise, while Neal H. Moritz returned to produce. Moritz later stated, "[The story] is going to have to be something enticing for all of us. It has to be as good as or better [than Furious 7]".[15]

text: At the 2015 CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Diesel announced the film for an April 14, 2017 release date.[16][17] On August 16, 2015, at the 2015 Teen Choice Awards (where Furious 7 received the award for Choice Movie – Action and Walker received the award for Choice Movie Actor – Action), Diesel gave the film the initial title Fast 8.[18] In September 2015, Diesel stated that the script had almost been completed,[19] and expressed interest in Rob Cohen, who directed the first film, to direct the eighth installment.[20] On October 14, 2015, Diesel announced on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon that Straight Outta Compton director F. Gary Gray would direct the film.[21][22]

text: In July 2015, Moritz said that Walker's character, Brian O'Conner, would not appear in the film, following the use of CGI in the previous film after Walker died in a single-vehicle accident on November 30, 2013, with Moritz stating that his character had "moved on".[13] It had previously been reported that Paul's younger brother, Cody Walker, would either join the cast in a new role,[23] or replace his older brother in the role of O'Conner;[24] however, it was later announced that the character will not return to the franchise.[25] Moritz also said that the film would shift the focus of the franchise from a series of heist films to a spy caper, following a similar change in focus from street racing in Fast Five (2011).[26] In December 2016, the film was retitled The Fate of the Furious.[27]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Diesel, Russell and Michelle Rodriguez were the first to confirm their involvement in the film, and Tyrese Gibson and Chris Bridges both confirmed their return soon after.[28] Lucas Black had signed on to reprise his role from The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift as Sean Boswell for Furious 7, and two more installments in September 2013, though he did not appear in Fate.[29] In May 2015, Dwayne Johnson confirmed his involvement in the film, additionally hinting at a possible spin-off film involving his character, Luke Hobbs.[30] Jason Statham also confirmed his return.[31] In April 2016, Charlize Theron and Kristofer Hivju were confirmed as additions to the cast, in villainous roles,[32][33] while Scott Eastwood also joined the film as a law enforcement agent.[34] On May 17, 2016, Diesel posted a photo on his Instagram page of himself and Elsa Pataky on set, indicating that she had also returned for the film,[35] and was followed two days later by a video on set with Nathalie Emmanuel, who also starred in the previous film.[36] In June 2016, Helen Mirren announced in an interview with Elle that she would appear in the film.[37] In July 2016, Don Omar tweeted that he and Tego Calderon would return to the franchise for the eighth picture.[38] During an interview with Chris Mannix on July 21, 2016, Lucas Black confirmed he would not appear in the eighth installment, due to scheduling conflicts.[39]

text: Filming[edit]

text: In keeping with the franchise's penchant for filming in "exotic" locations, such as Dubai and Rio de Janeiro, in January 2016 it was announced that Universal was seeking approval from the United States and Cuban governments to shoot part of the film in Cuba.[40][41] Principal photography began on March 14, 2016, in Mývatn, Iceland,[42][43] where strong winds sent a plastic iceberg prop flying into a paddock. The prop struck two horses: one was wounded and the other mortally injured; it was later euthanized.[44] In late April, filming began in Cuba's capital city, Havana.[45][46][47][48] In May, filming also took place in Cleveland, Ohio.[49][50] Franchise cinematographer Stephen F. Windon returned for the eighth installment.[51] Filming also took place in Atlanta[52] and New York City.[53]

text: Music[edit]

text: Brian Tyler, who scored the third, fourth, fifth, and seventh installments, was tapped to compose the film score for the eighth picture.[54] A soundtrack album by Atlantic Records was released on April 14, 2017, coinciding with the film's US theatrical release.[55] The film's score album was released on April 27, by Back Lot Music.[56]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Fate of the Furious had its world premiere in Berlin on April 4, 2017.[57] The film was theatrically released in the United States on April 14, 2017, playing in 3D, IMAX 3D, and 4DX internationally, and received a day-and-date release across major markets such as Australia, the United Kingdom, China, and India, beginning on April 12, 2017.[58] The film was released day-and-date in 1,074 IMAX screens around the world, making it the widest day-and-date opening in IMAX history.[59]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Fate of the Furious was released on 4K, Blu-ray, DVD and Digital HD on July 11, 2017.[60]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Fate of the Furious grossed $226 million in the United States and Canada and $1.010 billion in other territories for a worldwide total of $1.236 billion, against a production budget of $250 million ($350 million including marketing costs).[1] It is Universal Pictures' most ambitious worldwide distribution release in the studio's history. The film was released day-and-date in 64 territories worldwide, including almost all major markets (minus Japan), starting from April 12, 2017, and was projected to earn anywhere between $375–440 million in its five-day opening weekend.[61][62] By the end of the weekend, it ended up earning $539.9 million from nearly 23,000 screens, way above initial projections, to score the biggest global opening in cinematic history. It also marked the third time that a film earned over $500 million in a single weekend, after Star Wars: The Force Awakens ($529 million) and Jurassic World ($525.5 million).[63] In IMAX, the film made $31.1 million from 1,079 screens to record the biggest IMAX April debut and the fourth-biggest overall.[63]

text: On April 30, it crossed the $1 billion threshold, becoming the second release of 2017 (following Beauty and the Beast), the fifth film released by Universal Pictures (after Jurassic Park, Furious 7, Jurassic World, and Minions) and the thirtieth film overall in cinematic history to gross over $1 billion.[64][65] It is currently the third-highest-grossing film of the year, behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi, and Beauty and the Beast,[66] the second-biggest action film that is not a fantasy or superhero movie, behind Furious 7,[67] and is Universal's highest-grossing live-action release since Jurassic World back in June 2015.[68]

text: North America[edit]

text: Like many of its predecessors, The Fate of the Furious was released in the United States and Canada in the month of April, and like its immediate predecessor, occupied the lucrative Easter week holiday period slot, where it was expected to open with $100–125 million. It received the widest pre-summer release ever, at an estimated 4,304 venues, besting the 4,242 opening theater count of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice the previous March.[61][69][70][71] The film made $10.4 million from Thursday night previews from 3,310 theaters, the second-highest of the franchise behind Furious 7's $15.8 million.[72] On its opening day it grossed $45.6 million, with Thursday previews making up 22.8% of the amount, slightly better than the 23% for Furious 7.[73] Earning a total of $98.8 million on its opening weekend, the film scored the second-biggest opening in the franchise (the third biggest adjusted for inflation) and the third-biggest April debut, behind Furious 7 and The Jungle Book. It posted an almost identical weekend multiplier like its immediate predecessor (2.166x vs 2.18x).[74][75] However, this is not surprising considering how both films opened over Good Friday/Easter Sunday stretch. Scott Mendelson of Forbes magazine compared the opening to how Spectre (2015) opening fell from Skyfall (2012). One notable record the film set was the best opening for a film with an African American director, with Gray besting his own record set with Straight Outta Compton in 2015.[76]

text: Sticking to the franchise's famous and lauded habit of including a multi-ethnic cast of characters, the film played to audiences of all ethnicities. Domestically, Caucasians made up 41 percent of the audience, followed by Hispanics (26 percent), African-Americans (21 percent), Asians (11 percent), and Native American/Other (3 percent), according to comScore's exit polling service PostTrack. The pic skewed male at 58 percent, far more than the last film at 51 percent.[77][78] 2D ticketbuyers represented 57% of the film's opening compared to its predecessor's 71%. This means more die-hard moviegoers came out to watch the eighth installment rather than people who do not typically go to the movies.[72]

text: While The Fate of the Furious's debut is 34% less than its predecessor's opening,[72] critics have noted that the debut is still considered a massive success and not a big let down given how it is the eighth installment in an action franchise. Universal Pictures was well aware that the robust debut of Furious 7 could not be duplicated[75] due to the wave of good reviews and publicity over the death of star Paul Walker, as well as the notion that the installment was both a farewell to said actor and a kind of coronation for the franchise as a whole. Nevertheless, the film benefited from Easter holiday business with 74% of all K-12 schools off on Good Friday as well as a third of the nation's colleges.[72] The film comes out in the wake of its parent franchise celebrating 16 years of availability in cinemas. To wit, few film franchises which are close to 20 years old have demonstrated a box office ability to increase their openings with each installment over time or maintain them in close proximity in terms of debut numbers; James Bond film series, Batman film series, Jurassic Park franchise, and Star Wars franchise.[72]

text: Its hefty opening was followed by the second-biggest April Monday gross ever with $8.5 million, behind the seventh installment. Its Sunday to Monday drop was 60% compared to its prequel's 57% drop which is far better than the Monday dropped witnessed by other April releases; The Jungle Book (-76%) and Captain America: The Winter Soldier (-73%), albeit without the advantage of a school holiday.[79][80] Despite the entry of four new wide releases, critics and box office prognosticators kept a close watch on how much the film would drop in its second weekend.[81] The film fell precipitously on its second Friday earning $11.17 million for a 76% drop which is the biggest in the franchise's history, besting the 72% drops for both its two immediate predecessors. The steep decline maybe attributed not because of the onslaught of competitions, but rather due to the polarised reception received by the film and due to just 12% K-12 schools beings off compared to 74% on Good Friday.[82] It kept its hold at No. 1, albeit dropping about 61% in its sophomore frame for an estimated $38.4 million. That domestic drop is right in line with the 59-63% drops of the six previous installment in the franchise’s on their second weekend out.[83] It topped the box office for three straight weekends, witnessing similar weekend-to-weekend percentage drops like its prequel, albeit earning lesser in terms of numbers.[84]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: Internationally, The Fate of the Furious secured a release in 69 countries.[85] The film was projected to post an opening between $275–330 million from over 20,000 screens, with some analysts believing it could go as high as $350–400 million.[61][85][86] It opened Wednesday, April 12, 2017, in 8 countries, earning $17.9 million (including previews from 12 countries).[85] It opened in 33 more countries on Thursday, April 2, for a total of 41 countries, earning $58.4 million, marking Universal Pictures overseas' highest-grossing Thursday ever, and for a two-day total of $82.2 million.[85] It added 22 more countries on Friday, April 3, earning $112.1 million to score Universal International's highest-grossing Friday of all time, for a three-day total of $194.8 million. The robust Friday take helped Universal push past $1 billion internationally in 2017 which is the second-quickest ever and the studio's eleventh consecutive year overall the pass the mark. Moreover, on the same day, the franchise crossed the $4 billion milestone.[85] In total, through Sunday, the film registered an opening of $441.1 million from 64 markets, setting new records for the biggest April international debut, Universal's biggest, and the biggest of all time overall (ahead of Jurassic World)—It is the first such film to open past $400 million in a single weekend with a bulk of it coming from China. Around $22.6 million came from (681) IMAX screens which is Universal's second-biggest behind only Jurassic World.[63] It topped the international charts for a second consecutive term, adding another $158.1 million[87] after which it was surpassed by Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2, another film starring Diesel and Russell, in its third weekend.[88] In IMAX, the film has grossed north of $58 million.[88] On May 28, the film officially passed the $1 billion threshold to become the second film in the franchise, following Furious 7, and the sixth film to pass the said mark.[89][90]

text: It set the record for the biggest opening day of 2017 in every territory it has been released at, the biggest opening day of all time in 16 markets, Universal's biggest opening day ever in 22 territories and the biggest opening in the franchise in 38 markets. Moreover, it recorded the biggest paid previews of all time in Malaysia, Singapore, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[85] In terms of opening weekend, the film debuted at No. 1 in all markets where it set the biggest opening weekend of all time in 20 markets; Universal's biggest opening weekend ever in 28 markets; and the biggest opening in the franchise in 40 markets.[63][87][91] The top openings were recorded in China ($192 million), Mexico ($17.7 million), the UK and Ireland ($17.5 million), Russia ($14.2 million), Germany ($13.6 million), Brazil ($12.8 million), India ($10.7 million), Korea ($10.6 million), Middle East combined ($9.9 million), Taiwan ($9.3 million), France ($9.2 million), Australia ($9.5 million), Argentina ($9 million), Indonesia ($8.5 million), Italy ($6.7 million), Malaysia ($6.3 million), Spain ($6.1 million), Colombia ($4.9 million), Thailand ($4.9 million), Panama ($4.8 million),[63] and Romania ($1.7 million).[92] Comparing market-to-market performance, Furious 7 had an opening worth $250 million without China and Russia while The Fate of the Furious delivered $228.2 million debut, sans the two aforementioned markets.[63] In Japan, the film debuted with $7.5 million. Although that's a new record for the franchise, the film debuted at number three behind Disney's Beauty and the Beast and local film Detective Conan: Crimson Love Letter—their robust second weekend earnings blocked the former from taking the top spot, making Japan one of the few markets where the film didn't open at No. 1.[88][93]

text: Expectations were high for the film's performance in China, as its predecessor set notable records and went on to become the biggest film release there (now the biggest Hollywood release). The film was rebranded in Chinese as The Fast and the Furious 8 to make clear its connection to Furious 7. After ticket sales began on April 2, the film pre-sold more than RMB 125 million ($18.1 million) worth of tickets before its release, breaking the previous record held by local film Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons three months prior. Moreover, it also set a record for the fastest IMAX advance sales, with RMB 16.5 million ($2.4 million), breaking the previous record held by Captain America: Civil War, according to leading local movie site Mtime.[61][94][95] In total, it pre-sold around $43.5 million tickets two hours before previews began, the biggest ever in the country.[85] It earned a record-breaking RMB 59.8 million ($8.7 million) from Thursday paid previews ($8 million excluding online ticketing surcharges which now count as grosses), breaking its predecessor's former record of RMB 52.5 million ($8.5 million in 2015; $7.6 million in 2017 exchange rates).[96][97] On Friday, the film was screened in approximately 158,000 screens, a new record for any film, breaking Warcraft's former 122,000 screen counts, and almost double the estimated 80,700 screen count of its predecessor.[98] By Friday noon, it had already grossed $30 million.[99] Buoyed by positive word-of-mouth—9.4/10 user rating on mobile ticketing platform Maoyan, and 7.4/10 from reviews aggregator Douban—and effective marketing campaign, it set a new record for the biggest single-day ever at the Chinese box office, including previews. This was achieved at 7 p.m. local time.[97] In total, the film grossed an estimated RMB 452.8 million ($65.8 million) on its opening day, inclusive of previews and online ticketing surcharges, compared to the RMB 398 million ($57.8 million) posted by its predecessor. It is the first film in Chinese history to register above RMB 400 million ($58 million) in a single day.[100][85] Earning a total of RMB 1.323 billion ($192.2 million), according to Chinese sources and RMB 190 million, according to Universal, in its debut weekend, it set a new milestone for three-day opening weekend and overall the second-best debut ever behind only local pic The Mermaid, which had the benefit of four days of previews over the New Year period in February 2016. An estimated $14 million came from 395 IMAX screens, the second-biggest-ever in the country, behind Warcraft.[63] Its three-day debut alone made it the biggest Hollywood release of 2017 and the third-biggest overall. Factoring out online ticketing surcharges, the total comes to a slightly less-hefty RMB 1.245 billion ($182.2 million).[101] In just nine days, the film passed the historic RMB 2 billion ($300 million) and thereby became the biggest release of the year.[102] The film fell precipitously by 71.4% in its second weekend (from its $190 million debut), earning RMB 374 million ($54.3 million) for a massive 10-day total of RMB 2.19 billion ($318 million).[103][104] On April 30, it became the biggest Hollywood/foreign release of all time with RMB 2.44 billion, surpassing its prequels former record of 2.41 billion. However, in terms of US currency, The Fate of the Furious ($381 million) is still behind Furious 7 ($391 million).[88][105] After three consecutive weeks of topping the charts, it slipped to fourth place after being dethroned by Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 from the top spot.[106] It has so far grossed a total of RMB 2.671 billion ($392.8 million) and is the country's second-biggest grosser ever, behind only The Mermaid at the time of its release.[68]

text: In India, the film secured a release across approximately 1,600–1,800 screens (1,000–1,200 screens fewer than its predecessor). Like other Hollywood releases, it was released in both 2K projections and normal projections, and dubbed in local languages such as Hindi, Tamil and Telugu. It is the first international film to be dubbed into the Kannada language. Despite clashing with local pic Begum Jaan, analysts believe the two films will not affect each other's performance, as they appeal to distinct moviegoers.[107][108][109] Universal had high hopes in the territory, after Furious 7 grossed an unprecedented $24.9 million in 2015, and became the biggest foreign release ever in the country at the time of its release (now the second biggest). The Central Board of Film Certification gave the film a UA rating (parental guidance suggested for children under 12), rather than an A for adults, after the studio agreed to cut several profanities (CBFC was willing to pass the film with an A certificate with no cuts but Universal wanted a UA certificate leading to the board censoring all profanities with few cuts).[110] It earned around ₹8.50 crore (US$1.3 million) net from Wednesday paid previews.[111] The following day it grossed ₹22.50 crore (US$3.4 million), including previews.[112] On its official opening day, it grossed ₹16.10 crore (US$2.4 million) for a three-day total of ₹38.60 crore (US$5.8 million).[113] Earning a total of $10.7 million, it set a new record for the biggest-ever foreign opening in the country, toppling its prequel's former record. As such, it is the first foreign film to open north of $10 million.[85][114] Following its record breaking opening, it fell about 58% on its second weekend excluding previews, earning another $4 million for a two-weekend total of over $17.4 million,[115] With over $19.2 million it is currently the biggest foreign release of the year.[116] However, in terms of net earnings—which is the base for box office calculations in India—the film was unable to break past the ₹100 crore (US$15 million) mark, stalling at around ₹85.59 crore (US$13 million). Despite a record breaking opening, it lost significant amount of screen counts and audiences thereafter, partly due to the release of Baahubali: The Conclusion.[117]

text: The biggest-earning markets are China ($392.8 million), followed by Brazil ($41.8 million), the UK and Ireland ($37.5 million), Mexico ($36.8 million) and Germany ($32.4 million).[118] In Peru, it has become Universal's highest-grossing film ever.[119] With over $1 billion in international receipts and representing a boffo 82% of the film's total worldwide gross, it is currently the seventh-biggest overseas earner behind Avatar, Titanic, Furious 7, Star Wars: The Force Awakens, and Jurassic World.[120]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The Fate of the Furious received mixed-to-positive reviews.[121][122][123] On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 66% based on 259 reviews, and an average rating of 6.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Fate of the Furious opens a new chapter in the franchise, fueled by the same infectious cast chemistry and over-the-top action fans have come to expect."[124] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a weighted average score 56 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[125] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale,[126] while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 81% overall positive score and a 71% "definite recommend."[72]

text: Mike Ryan of Uproxx gave the film a positive review, writing: "This isn't my favorite of the series – that's still Furious 7 (it's hard to top those jumps from skyscraper to skyscraper, but this is a worthy entry). These movies know what they are. These movies know they are fun. These are fun movies!"[127] Owen Gleiberman of Variety, in his positive review of the film, wrote: "Most franchises, after eight films, are feeling a twinge of exhaustion, but this one has achieved a level of success—and perpetual kinetic creative energy—that's a testament to its commercial/cultural/demographic resonance." He also wrote, "If this series, over the last 16 years, has taught us anything, it's that just when you think it's about to run out of gas, it gets outfitted with an even more elaborate fuel-injection system."[128]

text: Conversely, David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a C− and called it the worst entry of the franchise, saying: "As much a mess of conflicting tones and styles as it is of locations, this setpiece—like the rest of Gray's movie—feels like a heap of random parts that were thrown together in the hopes that fate might somehow weld them into a roadworthy vehicle. But it's not all groundbreaking."[129] J.R. Kinnard of PopMatters magazine gave a lukewarm review, writing: "It's unlikely that devotees will consider The Fate of the Furious one of the stronger entries in the series. Still, the filmmakers and actors are clearly dedicated to making a quality product, avoiding the complacency that often plagues action sequels."[130] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, saying: "Moments after Dom has gone rogue and apparently wants to kill them, they're making jokes. As they're racing through the streets of New York City or skidding along the ice in Russia, killing bad guys and narrowly avoiding getting killed themselves, they're crackin' wise. Even within this ludicrous universe, it's jarring to hear these supposedly smart folks, who refer to themselves as 'family,' acting like idiots who don't seem to care if they live or die, or if their friends survive."[131]

text: Professor of international political economy Richard E. Feinberg has commented on the political significance of the film's opening setting of Havana in the context of shifting US-Cuban relations, calling the eighth installment, "Hollywood's love letter to Havana".[132] He writes, "In the Cuban sequence's dramatic climax, Dom wins his hard-fought one-mile race ("a Cuban mile") against a tough local competitor, by a nose. The loser is gracious: 'You won my car and you earned my respect,' he admits to the FF hero. Dom's response is equally magnanimous: 'Keep your car, your respect is good enough for me.' In this instance, FF8 captures the essence of the relations between the United States and Cuba: it's all about mutual respect."[132]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Ref.

Saturn Awards

June 27, 2018

Best Action or Adventure Film

The Fate of the Furious

Nominated

[133]

Best Editing

Christian Wagner and Paul Rubell

text: Sequel[edit]

text: On February 3, 2016, Universal Pictures set initial release dates for the two remaining films in the franchise. The first, tentatively titled Fast & Furious 9, is scheduled to be released on April 10, 2020.[134]


document_title: 6th Avenue Heartache

question_text: what is the song 6th avenue heartache about

root

text: 6th Avenue Heartache

text: Background and writing[edit]

text: Jakob Dylan, the band's lead singer, wrote the song when he was eighteen years old and considers it the first real song he had written. It was meant to go on their self-titled first album, but the record company would not allow it. The lyrics are based on Dylan's own experiences while living in New York City, in particular the story of a homeless man who would sit outside Dylan's window and play the same songs every day. One day, the man was gone, but his things were still there, until gradually people started taking them. Mike Campbell from Tom Petty and The Heartbreakers played the slide guitar on the song, though he recorded the track in his own studio and never even met the band members.

tag: p

text: Music video[edit]

text: The video, shot in New York, was directed by movie director David Fincher, known for such films as Se7en and Fight Club. There is a slight error in the video: Rama's Cafe, portrayed as a meeting place for the band, was actually on 281 5th Avenue, not 6th Avenue. The building was eventually demolished, and a new apartment building is in the process of being constructed on the site.[2]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: The song is played after every Atlanta Braves loss.[citation needed] Ironically, one of the most notable playings of the song took place in New York City, at Game 6 of the 1996 World Series at Yankee Stadium, which the Braves lost to the Yankees, resulting in the Yankees' 23rd World Championship. The song was played after Frank Sinatra's "Theme from New York, New York" and Queen's "We Are the Champions".

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"6th Avenue Heartache" (Edit) – 4:22
"Used to Be Lucky" – 6:35
"Angel on My Bike" – 4:22
"6th Avenue Heartache" – 5:37

tag: ol

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1996)
Peak
position

Canadian RPM Singles Chart[3]
8

US Billboard Hot 100 Airplay
33

US Billboard Top 40 Mainstream
25

US Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks
10

US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks
8

US Billboard Adult Top 40
26

tag: table


document_title: Electroplating

question_text: give two examples of the application of electroplating

text: Electroplating

text: Process[edit]

text:
The cations associate with the anions in the solution. This cations are reduced at the cathode to deposit in the metallic, zero valence state. For example, for copper plating, in an acid solution, copper is oxidized at the anode to Cu2+ by losing two electrons. The Cu2+ associates with the anion SO2−
4 in the solution to form copper(II) sulphate. At the cathode, the Cu2+ is reduced to metallic copper by gaining two electrons. The result is the effective transfer of copper from the anode source to a plate covering the cathode.

text: The plating is most commonly a single metallic element, not an alloy. However, some alloys can be electrodeposited, notably brass and solder.

text: Many plating baths include cyanides of other metals (such as potassium cyanide) in addition to cyanides of the metal to be deposited. These free cyanides facilitate anode corrosion, help to maintain a constant metal ion level and contribute to conductivity. Additionally, non-metal chemicals such as carbonates and phosphates may be added to increase conductivity.

text: When plating is not desired on certain areas of the substrate, stop-offs are applied to prevent the bath from coming in contact with the substrate. Typical stop-offs include tape, foil, lacquers, and waxes.[4]

text: The ability of a plating to cover uniformly is called throwing power; the better the throwing power the more uniform the coating.[5]

text: Strike[edit]

text: Initially, a special plating deposit called a strike or flash may be used to form a very thin (typically less than 0.1 μm thick) plating with high quality and good adherence to the substrate. This serves as a foundation for subsequent plating processes. A strike uses a high current density and a bath with a low ion concentration. The process is slow, so more efficient plating processes are used once the desired strike thickness is obtained.

text: The striking method is also used in combination with the plating of different metals. If it is desirable to plate one type of deposit onto a metal to improve corrosion resistance but this metal has inherently poor adhesion to the substrate, a strike can be first deposited that is compatible with both. One example of this situation is the poor adhesion of electrolytic nickel on zinc alloys, in which case a copper strike is used, which has good adherence to both.[2]

text: Electrochemical deposition[edit]

text: Electrochemical deposition is generally used for the growth of metals and conducting metal oxides because of the following advantages: the thickness and morphology of the nanostructure can be precisely controlled by adjusting the electrochemical parameters; relatively uniform and compact deposits can be synthesized in template-based structures; higher deposition rates are obtained; and the equipment is inexpensive due to the non-requirements of either a high vacuum or a high reaction temperature.[6][7][8]

text: Pulse electroplating or pulse electrodeposition (PED)[edit]

text: A simple modification in electroplating is pulse electroplating. This process involves the swift alternating of the potential or current between two different values resulting in a series of pulses of equal amplitude, duration and polarity, separated by zero current. By changing the pulse amplitude and width, it is possible to change the deposited film's composition and thickness.[9]

text: The experimental parameters of pulse electroplating usually consist of peak current/potential, duty cycle, frequency and effective current/potential. Peak current/potential is the maximum setting of electroplating current or potential. Duty cycle is the effective portion of time in certain electroplating period with the current or potential applied. The effective current/potential is calculated by multiplying the duty cycle and peak value of current or potential. Pulse electroplating could help to improve the quality of electroplated film and release the internal stress built up during fast deposition. Combination of the short duty cycle and high frequency could decrease the surface cracks. However, in order to maintain the constant effective current or potential, a high performance power supply may be required to provide high peak current/potential and fast switch. Another common problem of pulse electroplating is that the anode material could get plated and contaminated during the reverse electroplating, especially for the high cost, inert electrode like platinum.

text: Other factors that could affect the pulse electroplating include temperature, anode-to-cathode gap and stirring. Sometimes the pulse electroplating can be performed in heated electroplating bath to increase the depositing rate since the rate of almost all the chemical reaction increases exponentially with temperature per Arrhenius law. The anode-to-cathode gap is related to the current distribution between anode and cathode. Small gap to sample area ratio may cause uneven distribution of current and affect the surface topology of plated sample. Stirring may increase the transfer/diffusion rate of metal ions from bulk solution to the electrode surface. Stirring setting varies for different metal electroplating processes.

text: Brush electroplating[edit]

text: A closely related process is brush electroplating, in which localized areas or entire items are plated using a brush saturated with plating solution. The brush, typically a stainless steel body wrapped with an absorbent cloth material that both holds the plating solution and prevents direct contact with the item being plated, is connected to the anode of a low voltage direct current power source, and the item to be plated connected to the cathode. The operator dips the brush in plating solution then applies it to the item, moving the brush continually to get an even distribution of the plating material.

text: Brush electroplating has several advantages over tank plating, including portability, ability to plate items that for some reason cannot be tank plated (one application was the plating of portions of very large decorative support columns in a building restoration), low or no masking requirements, and comparatively low plating solution volume requirements. Disadvantages compared to tank plating can include greater operator involvement (tank plating can frequently be done with minimal attention), and inability to achieve as great a plate thickness.

text: Electroless deposition[edit]

text: Usually an electrolytic cell (consisting of two electrodes, electrolyte, and external source of current) is used for electrodeposition. In contrast, electroless deposition uses only one electrode and no external source of electric current. However, the solution for electroless deposition needs to contain a reducing agent so that the electrode reaction has the form:

text: In principle any hydrogen-based reducing agent can be used although the redox potential of the reducing half-cell must be high enough to overcome the energy barriers inherent in liquid chemistry.[clarification needed] Electroless nickel plating uses hypophosphite as the reducer while plating of other metals like silver, gold and copper typically use low-molecular-weight aldehydes.

text: A major benefit of this approach over electroplating is that the power sources and plating baths are not needed, reducing the cost of production. This technique can also plate diverse shapes and types of surface. The downside is that plating is usually slower and cannot create thick plates of metal. As a consequence of these characteristics, electroless deposition is quite common in the decorative arts.

text: Cleanliness[edit]

text: Cleanliness is essential to successful electroplating, since molecular layers of oil can prevent adhesion of the coating. ASTM B322 is a standard guide for cleaning metals prior to electroplating. Cleaning includes solvent cleaning, hot alkaline detergent cleaning, electrocleaning, and acid treatment etc. The most common industrial test for cleanliness is the waterbreak test, in which the surface is thoroughly rinsed and held vertical. Hydrophobic contaminants such as oils cause the water to bead and break up, allowing the water to drain rapidly. Perfectly clean metal surfaces are hydrophilic and will retain an unbroken sheet of water that does not bead up or drain off. ASTM F22 describes a version of this test. This test does not detect hydrophilic contaminants, but electroplating can displace these easily since the solutions are water-based. Surfactants such as soap reduce the sensitivity of the test and must be thoroughly rinsed off.

text: Effects[edit]

text: Electroplating changes the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of the workpiece. An example of a chemical change is when nickel plating improves corrosion resistance. An example of a physical change is a change in the outward appearance. An example of a mechanical change is a change in tensile strength or surface hardness which is a required attribute in tooling industry.[10] Electroplating of acid gold on underlying copper- or nickel-plated circuits reduces contact resistance as well as surface hardness. Copper-plated areas of mild steel act as a mask if case hardening of such areas are not desired. Tin-plated steel is chromium-plated to prevent dulling of the surface due to oxidation of tin.

text: Electroplating, or electroless plating may be used as a way to render a metal part radioactive, by using an aqueous solution prepared from nickel–phosphorus concentrates which contain radioactive hypophosphite 32P ions.[11] Such a part might be used for the purposes of brachytherapy.

text: History[edit]

text: Modern electrochemistry was invented by Italian chemist Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli (it) in 1805. Brugnatelli used his colleague Alessandro Volta's invention of five years earlier, the voltaic pile, to facilitate the first electrodeposition. Brugnatelli's inventions were suppressed by the French Academy of Sciences and did not become used in general industry for the following thirty years. By 1839, scientists in Britain and Russia had independently devised metal-deposition processes similar to Brugnatelli's for the copper electroplating of printing press plates.

text: Boris Jacobi in Russia not only rediscovered galvanoplastics, but developed electrotyping and galvanoplastic sculpture. Galvanoplastics quickly came into fashion in Russia, with such people as inventor Peter Bagration, scientist Heinrich Lenz and science fiction author Vladimir Odoyevsky all contributing to further development of the technology. Among the most notorious cases of electroplating usage in mid-19th century Russia were gigantic galvanoplastic sculptures of St. Isaac's Cathedral in Saint Petersburg and gold-electroplated dome of the Cathedral of Christ the Saviour in Moscow, the tallest Orthodox church in the world.[12]

text: Soon after, John Wright of Birmingham, England discovered that potassium cyanide was a suitable electrolyte for gold and silver electroplating. Wright's associates, George Elkington and Henry Elkington were awarded the first patents for electroplating in 1840. These two then founded the electroplating industry in Birmingham from where it spread around the world. The Woolrich Electrical Generator of 1844, now in Thinktank, Birmingham Science Museum, is the earliest electrical generator used in industry.[13] It was used by Elkingtons.[14][15][16]

text: The Norddeutsche Affinerie in Hamburg was the first modern electroplating plant starting its production in 1876.[17]

text: As the science of electrochemistry grew, its relationship to electroplating became understood and other types of non-decorative metal electroplating were developed. Commercial electroplating of nickel, brass, tin, and zinc were developed by the 1850s. Electroplating baths and equipment based on the patents of the Elkingtons were scaled up to accommodate the plating of numerous large scale objects and for specific manufacturing and engineering applications.

text: The plating industry received a big boost with the advent of the development of electric generators in the late 19th century. With the higher currents available, metal machine components, hardware, and automotive parts requiring corrosion protection and enhanced wear properties, along with better appearance, could be processed in bulk.

text: The two World Wars and the growing aviation industry gave impetus to further developments and refinements including such processes as hard chromium plating, bronze alloy plating, sulfamate nickel plating, along with numerous other plating processes. Plating equipment evolved from manually operated tar-lined wooden tanks to automated equipment, capable of processing thousands of kilograms per hour of parts.

text: One of the American physicist Richard Feynman's first projects was to develop technology for electroplating metal onto plastic. Feynman developed the original idea of his friend into a successful invention, allowing his employer (and friend) to keep commercial promises he had made but could not have fulfilled otherwise.[18]

text: Uses[edit]

text: Electroplating is widely used in various industries for coating metal objects with a thin layer of a different metal. The layer of metal deposited has some desired property, which the metal of the object lacks. For example, chromium plating is done on many objects such as car parts, bath taps, kitchen gas burners, wheel rims and many others for the fact that chromium is very corrosion-resistant, and thus prolongs the life of the parts. It is also used in making expensive jewelry.

text: Hull cell[edit]

text: The Hull cell is a type of test cell used to qualitatively check the condition of an electroplating bath. It allows for optimization for current density range, optimization of additive concentration, recognition of impurity effects and indication of macro-throwing power capability.[19] The Hull cell replicates the plating bath on a lab scale. It is filled with a sample of the plating solution, an appropriate anode which is connected to a rectifier. The "work" is replaced with a Hull cell test panel that will be plated to show the "health" of the bath.

text: The Hull cell is a trapezoidal container that holds 267 mL of solution. This shape allows one to place the test panel on an angle to the anode. As a result, the deposit is plated at different current densities which can be measured with a hull cell ruler. The solution volume allows for a quantitative optimization of additive concentration: 1 gram addition to 267 mL is equivalent to 0.5 oz/gal in the plating tank.[20]

text: Haring–Blum cell[edit]

text: The Haring–Blum cell is used to determine the macro throwing power of a plating bath. The cell consists of two parallel cathodes with a fixed anode in the middle. The cathodes are at distances from the anode in the ratio of 1:5. The macro throwing power is calculating from the thickness of plating at the two cathodes when a direct current is passed for a specific period of time. The cell is fabricated out of perspex or glass.[21][22]


document_title: Meredith Monroe

question_text: who plays hotch's wife in criminal minds

question_tokens: who plays hotch 's wife in criminal minds

text: Meredith Monroe

text: Life and career[edit]

text: Monroe was born on December 30, in Houston, Texas.[2][3] Her parents divorced when she was two, and she was subsequently raised in Hinsdale, Illinois.[3] She studied at Hinsdale Central High School and after graduating moved to New York to pursue a modeling career.[3]   In 1995, she appeared in a number of TV commercials and magazine advertisements for L'Oreal hair-care, Disney Resort, Huffy bicycles, Ford cars, and Mattel toys.[3]

text: In 1996, Monroe made the transition into acting when she was cast as Tracy Dalken in ABC series Dangerous Minds, which led to a small recurring role on Sunset Beach as Rachel, a pregnant teenager. This led to her being cast as a series regular on Dawson's Creek in the role of Andie. She was a series regular in seasons 2 and 3, appeared in several episodes at the beginning and end of season 4, and was a special guest star in the series finale in season 6 (though her scenes were cut from the televised episode, appearing only on the DVD extended-cut release).

text: She is also known for her role in Criminal Minds as Haley Hotchner, Aaron Hotchner's wife. Monroe left the series after her character was murdered by a recurring villain, The Boston Reaper (C. Thomas Howell), in the 100th episode. In 2018, she joined the cast of 13 Reasons Why in season two as Carolyn, the mother of Alex Standall.[4]

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
Film

Year

Title

Role

Notes

1997

Norville and Trudy

Trudy Kockenlocker

Strong Island Boys

Weather Girl

1998

Fallen Arches

Karissa

2002

The Year That Trembled

Judy Woods

New Best Friend

Hadley Ashton

Minority Report

Pre-Crime Public Service Announcer

Full Ride

Amy Lear

2003

Manhood

Clare

2004

Shadow Man

Ms. McKenna

Short film

2005

Vampires: The Turning

Amanda

2006

Not My Life

Anita/Ana

TV Movie

2008

Black Crescent Moon

Suzy Beacon

2009

Wake

Phaedra

Nowhere to Hide

Sara Crane

2011

Low Fidelity

The Lift

Mary Lindsay

Transformers: Dark of the Moon

Engineer's Wife

Born Bad

Katherine Duncan

Video

2016

The Edge of Seventeen

Greer Bruner

text:
Television

Year

Title

Role

Notes

1997

Dangerous Minds

Tracy Daiken

Episode: "Everybody Wants It"

Jenny

Brianna

Episode: "A Girl's Gotta Pierce"

Hang Time

Jill

Episode: "Kristy's Other Mother"

Promised Land

Meredith Bix

Episode: "Crushed"

1998

Sunset Beach

Rachel (uncredited)

4 episodes

Night Man

Episode: "You Are Too Beautiful"

The Magnificent Seven

Claire Mosley

Episode: "Manhunt"

Players

Sarah Nolan

Episode: "Con-undrum"

1998–2003

Dawson's Creek

Andie McPhee

69 episodes

1999

Beyond the Prairie: The True Story of Laura Ingalls Wilder

Laura Ingalls Wilder

TV movie

Cracker: Mind Over Murder

Devon Booker

Episode: "Faustian Fitz"

2002

Beyond the Prairie, Part 2: The True Story of Laura Ingalls Wilder

Laura Ingalls Wilder

TV movie

The Division

Carol Manning / Jeanette

Episode: "Illusions"

2003

111 Gramercy Park

Leah Karnegian

TV movie

The One

Gail Hollander

TV movie

Mister Sterling

Olivia Haynes

Episode: "Statewide Swing"

2004

Joan of Arcadia

Michelle Turner

Episode: "Double Dutch"

CSI: Miami

Claudia Sanders

Episode: "Under the Influence"

Kevin Hill

Kate Ross

Episode: "Snack Daddy"

2005

House

Lola

Episode: "Sports Medicine"

Fathers and Sons

Young Nora

TV movie

Strong Medicine

Episode: "Broken Hearts"

Cold Case

Cindy Mulvaney

Episode: "A Perfect Day"

2005–2009, 2013

Criminal Minds

Haley Hotchner

14 episodes

2006

Living With Fran

Beth

Episode: "Masquerading with Fran"

Not My Life

Alison Morgan

TV movie

CSI: Crime Scene Investigation

Sister Bridget

Episode: "Double Cross"

Masters of Horror

Celia Fuller

Episode: "Family"

2007

Bones

Clarissa Bancroft

Episode: "The Man in the Mansion"

Crossing Jordan

Rebecca

Episode: "Fall from Grace"

The Wedding Bells

Episode: "The Fantasy"

Shark

Nina Weber

Episode: "In Absentia"

2008

Moonlight

Cynthia

Episode: "The Mortal Cure"

Californication

Chloe Metz

Episode: "Vaginatown"

Private Practice

Leah

Episode: "Know When to Fold"

2009

Raising the Bar

Prof. Doris Castillo

Episode: "Bobbi Ba-Bing"

Storm in the Heartland

Liz McAdams

TV movie

The Mentalist

Verona Westlake

Episode: "Red Bulls"

2010

The Deep End

Molly Pierson

Episode: "Pilot"

Psych

Catherine Bicks / Maddie Bicks

Episode: "Shawn 2.0"

NCIS

April Ferris

Episode: "Cracked"

2011

The Closer

Tina Lynch

Episode: "Under Control"

Hawaii Five-0

Trisha Joyner

Episode: "Ma'eme'e"

Hart of Dixie

Mrs. Breeland

3 episodes

2012

CSI: NY

April Lewis

Episode: "Misconception"

2013

Drop Dead Diva

Violet Harwood

Episode: "Trust Me"

The Husband She Met Online

Rachel Malemen

TV Movie

2014

NCIS: Los Angeles

Heidi

Episode: "SEAL Hunter"

2015

Castle

Elise Resner

Episode: "Habeas Corpse"

2018

13 Reasons Why

Carolyn Standall

4 episodes


document_title: List of Premier League clubs

question_text: teams that have been in the premier league since it started

text: List of Premier League clubs

text: Table[edit]

text:
Club

Location

Totalseasons

Totalspells

Longestspell

Most recentpromotion

Most recentrelegation

Totalseasonsabsent

Seasons

Most recentfinish

Highestfinish

Top scorer

Arsenal

London (Highbury)

27

1

27

1914–15[2]

Neverrelegated

0

1992–

6th

1st

Thierry Henry (175)

Aston Villa

Birmingham (Aston)

24

1

24

1987–88

2015–16

3

1992–2016

Championship4th

2nd

Gabby Agbonlahor (73)

Barnsley

Barnsley

1

1

1

1996–97

1997–98

26

1997–1998

Championship22nd (relegated)

19th(relegated)

Neil Redfearn (10)

Birmingham City

Birmingham (Bordesley)

7

3

4

2008–09

2010–11

20

2002–20062007–20082009–2011

Championship19th

9th

Mikael Forssell (29)

Blackburn Rovers

Blackburn

18

2

11

2000–01

2011–12

9

1992–19992001–2012

League One2nd (promoted)

1st

Alan Shearer (112)

Blackpool

Blackpool

1

1

1

2009–10

2010–11

26

2010–2011

League One12th

19th(relegated)

DJ Campbell (13)

Bolton Wanderers

Bolton (Horwich)

13

3

11

2000–01

2011–12

14

1995–19961997–19982001–2012

Championship21st

6th

Kevin Davies (68)

Bournemouth

Bournemouth (Boscombe)

4

1

4

2014–15

Neverrelegated

23

2015–

12th

9th

Joshua King (30)

Bradford City

Bradford

2

1

2

1998–99

2000–01

25

1999–2001

League One11th

17th

Dean Windass (13)

Brighton & Hove Albion

Brighton (Falmer)

2

1

2

2016–17

Neverrelegated

25

2017–

15th

15th

Glenn Murray (12)

Burnley

Burnley

5

3

3

2015–16

2014–15

22

2009–20102014–20152016–

7th

7th

Ashley Barnes (20)

Cardiff City

 Cardiff

2

2

1

2017–18

2013–14

25

2013–20142018–

Championship2nd (promoted)

20th(relegated)

Jordon Mutch (7)

Charlton Athletic

London (Charlton)

8

2

7

1999–2000

2006–07

19

1998–19992000–2007

League One6th

7th

Jason Euell (34)

Chelsea

London (Fulham)

27

1

27

1988–89

Neverrelegated

0

1992–

5th

1st

Frank Lampard (147)

Coventry City

Coventry

9

1

9

1966–67

2000–01

18

1992–2001

League Two6th (promoted)

11th

Dion Dublin (61)

Crystal Palace

London (Selhurst)

10

5

6

2012–13

2004–05

17

1992–19931994–19951997–19982004–20052013–

11th

10th

Chris Armstrong (23)

Derby County

Derby

7

2

6

2006–07

2007–08

20

1996–20022007–2008

Championship6th

8th

Dean Sturridge (32)

Everton

Liverpool (Walton)

27

1

27

1953–54

Neverrelegated

0

1992–

8th

4th

Romelu Lukaku (68)

Fulham

London (Fulham)

14

2

13

2017–18

2013–14

13

2001–20142018–

Championship3rd (promoted)

7th

Clint Dempsey (50)

Huddersfield Town

Huddersfield

2

1

2

2016–17

Neverrelegated

25

2017–

16th

16th

Steve Mounie (7)

Hull City

Kingston upon Hull

5

3

2

2015–16

2016–17

22

2008–20102013–20152016–2017

Championship18th

16th

Nikica Jelavić (12)

Ipswich Town

Ipswich

5

2

3

1999–2000

2001–02

22

1992–19952000–2002

Championship12th

5th

Marcus Stewart (25)

Leeds United

Leeds

12

1

12

1989–90

2003–04

15

1992–2004

Championship13th

3rd

Mark Viduka (59)

Leicester City

Leicester

13

4

6

2013–14

2003–04

14

1994–19951996–20022003–20042014–

9th

1st

Jamie Vardy (62)

Liverpool

Liverpool (Anfield)

27

1

27

1961–62

Neverrelegated

0

1992–

4th

2nd

Robbie Fowler (128)

Manchester City

Manchester

22

3

16

2001–02

2000–01

5

1992–19962000–20012002–

1st

1st

Sergio Agüero (143)

Manchester United

Stretford

27

1

27

1974–75

Neverrelegated

0

1992–

2nd

1st

Wayne Rooney (183)

Middlesbrough

Middlesbrough

15

4

11

2015–16

2016–17

12

1992–19931995–19971998–20092016–2017

Championship5th

7th

Hamilton Ricard (31)

Newcastle United

Newcastle upon Tyne

24

3

16

2016–17

2015–16

3

1993–20092010–20162017–

10th

2nd

Alan Shearer (148)

Norwich City

Norwich

8

4

3

2014–15

2015–16

19

1992–19952004–20052011–20142015–2016

Championship14th

3rd

Chris Sutton (33)

Nottingham Forest

Nottingham (West Bridgford)

5

3

3

1997–98

1998–99

22

1992–19931994–19971998–1999

Championship17th

3rd

Bryan Roy (24)

Oldham Athletic

Oldham

2

1

2

1990–91

1993–94

25

1992–1994

League One21st (relegated)

19th

Graeme Sharp (16)

Portsmouth

Portsmouth

7

1

7

2002–03

2009–10

20

2003–2010

League One8th

8th

Yakubu (28)

Queens ParkRangers

London (Shepherd's Bush)

7

3

4

2013–14

2014–15

20

1992–19962011–20132014–2015

Championship16th

5th

Les Ferdinand (60)

Reading

Reading

3

2

2

2011–12

2012–13

24

2006–20082012–2013

Championship20th

8th

Kevin Doyle (19)

Sheffield United

Sheffield (Highfield)

3

2

2

2005–06

2006–07

24

1992–19942006–2007

Championship10th

14th

Brian Deane (15)

Sheffield Wednesday

Sheffield (Owlerton)

8

1

8

1990–91

1999–2000

19

1992–2000

Championship15th

7th

Mark Bright (48)

Southampton

Southampton

20

2

13

2011–12

2004–05

7

1992–20052012–

17th

6th

Matt Le Tissier (100)

Stoke City

Stoke-on-Trent (Stoke)

10

1

10

2007–08

2017–18

17

2008–2018

19th(relegated)

9th

Peter Crouch (45)

Sunderland

Sunderland

16

4

10

2006–07

2016–17

11

1996–19971999–20032005–20062007–2017

Championship24th (relegated)

7th

Kevin Phillips (61)

Swansea City

 Swansea

7

1

7

2010–11

2017–18

20

2011–2018

18th(relegated)

8th

Gylfi Sigurðsson (34)

Swindon Town

Swindon

1

1

1

1992–93

1993–94

26

1993–1994

League Two9th

22nd(relegated)

Jan Åge Fjørtoft (12)

Tottenham Hotspur

London (Tottenham)

27

1

27

1977–78

Neverrelegated

0

1992–

3rd

2nd

Harry Kane (108)

Watford

Watford

6

3

4

2014–15

2006–07

21

1999–20002006–20072015–

14th

13th

Troy Deeney (28)

West Bromwich Albion

West Bromwich

12

4

8

2009–10

2017–18

15

2002–20032004–20062008–20092010–2018

20th(relegated)

8th

Peter Odemwingie (30)

West Ham United

London (Stratford)

23

3

10

2011–12

2010–11

4

1993–20032005–20112012–

13th

5th

Paolo Di Canio (47)

Wigan Athletic

Wigan

8

1

8

2004–05

2012–13

19

2005–2013

League One1st (promoted)

10th

Hugo Rodallega (24)

Wimbledon[3]

London (Wimbledon[4])

8

1

8

1985–86

1999–2000

19

1992–2000

Defunct(2003–04)

6th

Dean Holdsworth (58)

WolverhamptonWanderers

Wolverhampton

5

3

3

2017–18

2011–12

22

2003–20042009–20122018–

Championship1st (promoted)

15th

Steven Fletcher (22)

text: As of the 2006–07 season, former Premier League members were in all three divisions of the Football League for the first time following the relegation of Swindon Town to Football League Two and their promotion back to Football League One at the end of that season. Since then, other former Premier League clubs relegated to League Two have included Bradford City, Portsmouth, Blackpool, Coventry City and Oldham Athletic. To date no former Premier League club has been relegated to the National League.

text: Crystal Palace have had the most separate spells in the Premier League, with five; all but the latest lasted a single season. The club were relegated at the end of the inaugural 1992–93 season, but after winning the First Division Championship the following season, they returned to the Premier League for 1994–95 campaign. This was the only season when the Premier League had four relegation places, and Palace finished fourth from bottom to be relegated back to the First Division. At the end of the 1996–97 season, Palace once again gained promotion to the top flight (this time through the play-offs), only to be relegated the following season after finishing bottom. After winning the play–offs again in 2003–04, Palace were once again relegated back to the Championship the following season. They won the play-offs for the third time at the end of the 2012–13 season, and for the first time managed to avoid relegation the following season.

text: Both Luton Town and Notts County were in the top flight in 1991–92, and so took part in the original negotiations in 1991 that led to the formation of the Premier League, and both resigned their membership of The Football League along with the other 20 clubs in the top flight. However, both clubs were relegated that season and have not returned to the top flight since, with Luton even dropping to the National League. The third top-flight club relegated that season was West Ham United, who subsequently won promotion into the Premier League the following season.

text: Chart[edit]

text: Map[edit]

text:
BarnsleyBlackburn RoversBlackpoolAFC BournemouthBradford CityBrighton & Hove AlbionBurnleyCardiff CityDerby CountyEvertonHuddersfield TownHull CityIpswich TownLeeds UnitedLeicester CityLiverpoolMiddlesbroughNewcastle UnitedNorwich CityNottingham ForestPortsmouthReadingSheffield UnitedSheffield WednesdayStoke CitySouthamptonSunderlandSwansea CitySwindon TownWatfordGreater London (9)Greater Manchester (5)West Midlands (5) Location of Premier League clubs since 1992Current members (2018–19) in bold

Bolton WanderersManchester CityManchester UnitedOldham AthleticWigan Athletic Greater Manchester
Aston VillaBirmingham CityCoventry CityWest Bromwich AlbionWolverhampton Wanderers West Midlands
ArsenalCharlton AthleticChelseaCrystal PalaceFulhamQueens Park RangersTottenham HotspurWest Ham UnitedWimbledon Greater London

text: Clubs who have competed in the top flight First Division, but not the Premier League[edit]

text:
Club

Town or city

First Divisiontitles

Total seasons

Lastrelegation

Current status(2018–19)

Level inpyramid

Accrington[5]

Accrington

–
5

1892–93

Defunct

–

Bradford Park Avenue[6]

Bradford (Horton Park)

–
3

1920–21

National League North

7000600000000000000♠6

Brentford

London (Brentford)

–
5

1946–47

Championship

7000200000000000000♠2

Bristol City

Bristol (Ashton Gate)

–
9

1979–80

Championship

7000200000000000000♠2

Bury

Bury

–
22

1928–29

League Two

7000400000000000000♠4

Carlisle United

Carlisle

–
1

1974–75

League Two

7000400000000000000♠4

Darwen[7]

Darwen

–
2

1893–94

North West Counties Football LeagueDivision One North

7001100000000000000♠10

Glossop North End

Glossop

–
1

1899–1900

Northern Premier LeagueDivision One North

7000800000000000000♠8

Grimsby Town

Cleethorpes

–
12

1947–48

League Two

7000400000000000000♠4

Leyton Orient

London (Leyton)

–
1

1962–63

National League

7000500000000000000♠5

Luton Town

Luton

–
16

1991–92

League One

7000300000000000000♠3

Millwall

London (New Cross)

–
2

1989–90

Championship

7000200000000000000♠2

Northampton Town

Northampton

–
1

1965–66

League Two

7000400000000000000♠4

Notts County

Nottingham

–
30

1991–92

League Two

7000400000000000000♠4

Oxford United

Oxford

–
3

1987–88

League One

7000300000000000000♠3

Preston North End

Preston

2
46

1960–61

Championship

7000200000000000000♠2

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ "Football Trivia Question of the Day January 2012 Archive". My Football Facts & Stats. January 2012. Retrieved 26 November 2013.

Jump up ^ Arsenal finished 5th in Division Two in the 1914–15 season, but the Football League was then suspended until 1919–20 due to the First World War. After the war, Division One was expanded from 20 to 22 clubs and Arsenal was elected to the First Division for the 1919–20 season.

Jump up ^ Wimbledon relocated from London to Milton Keynes in 2003, and renamed themselves Milton Keynes Dons a year later.

Jump up ^ Throughout their time in the Premier League, Wimbledon played their home games at Selhurst Park, the home of Crystal Palace.

Jump up ^ The Accrington Stanley club competing today in League Two, as well as its 1891 predecessor, are unrelated to the original Accrington club.

Jump up ^ The original Bradford Park Avenue A.F.C. went into liquidation in May 1974 and reformed as a Sunday league club. The club was refounded in 1988.

Jump up ^ The original Darwen F.C. was wound up in May 2009. A.F.C. Darwen was formed as a phoenix club the same month.

text:
hidevtePremier LeagueSeasons
1992–93
1993–94
1994–95
1995–96
1996–97
1997–98
1998–99
1999–2000
2000–01
2001–02
2002–03
2003–04
2004–05
2005–06
2006–07
2007–08
2008–09
2009–10
2010–11
2011–12
2012–13
2013–14
2014–15
2015–16
2016–17
2017–18
2018–19
Clubs2018–19
Arsenal
Bournemouth
Brighton & Hove Albion
Burnley
Cardiff City
Chelsea
Crystal Palace
Everton
Fulham
Huddersfield Town
Leicester City
Liverpool
Manchester City
Manchester United
Newcastle United
Southampton
Tottenham Hotspur
Watford
West Ham United
Wolverhampton Wanderers
Former
Aston Villa
Barnsley
Birmingham City
Blackburn Rovers
Blackpool
Bolton Wanderers
Bradford City
Charlton Athletic
Coventry City
Derby County
Hull City
Ipswich Town
Leeds United
Middlesbrough
Norwich City
Nottingham Forest
Oldham Athletic
Portsmouth
Queens Park Rangers
Reading
Sheffield United
Sheffield Wednesday
Stoke City
Sunderland
Swansea City
Swindon Town
West Bromwich Albion
Wigan Athletic
Wimbledon (defunct)
Competition
Teams
winners
Players
foreign
foreign scorers
winners
Managers
current
Stadia
Founding
Broadcasting foundation
Broadcasters
Referees
Statistics and awards
Records
All-time table
Hat-tricks
Highest scores
Golden Boot
Golden Glove
Manager of the Season
Player of the Season
Goal of the Season
Playmaker of the Season
Manager of the Month
Player of the Month
Goal of the Month
Players with 500+ appearances
Players with 100+ goals
Top scorers by season
Goalkeepers with 100+ clean sheets
10 Seasons Awards
20 Seasons Awards
Finances
Richest clubs:
Deloitte list
Forbes' list
Team owners
Transfer records
Game 39
Premier League–Football League gulf
Associated competitions
Asia Trophy
FA Community Shield
FA Cup
EFL Cup
UEFA Champions League
UEFA Europa League
Premier League 2
U18 Premier League
Premier League International Cup

 Category

text: Premier League listsPremier League clubs

tag: ul

text: Pages using TimelineUse dmy dates from March 2012