document_title: I Am the Walrus

question_text: who sings lead vocals on i am the walrus

text: I Am the Walrus

text: Composition[edit]

text: According to author Ian MacDonald, the "model" for "I Am the Walrus" was most likely Procol Harum's "A Whiter Shade of Pale", which was a hit single during the summer of 1967 and Lennon's favourite song of the period.[1] The lyrics came from three song ideas that Lennon had been working on, the first of which was inspired by hearing a police siren at his home in Weybridge; Lennon wrote the lines "Mis-ter cit-y police-man" to the rhythm and melody of the siren. The second idea was a short rhyme about Lennon sitting amidst his garden, while the third was a nonsense lyric about sitting on a corn flake. Unable to finish the three different songs, he combined them into one. The lyrics also included the phrase "Lucy in the sky", a reference to the Beatles' earlier song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds".

text: The walrus refers to Lewis Carroll's poem "The Walrus and the Carpenter" (from the book Through the Looking-Glass).[2] Lennon later expressed dismay upon belatedly realising that the walrus was a villain in the poem.[3]

text: The final piece of the song came together when Lennon's friend and former fellow member of the Quarrymen, Pete Shotton visited, and Lennon asked him about a playground nursery rhyme they sang as children. Shotton recalled the rhyme as follows:

text:
Yellow matter custard, green slop pie,
All mixed together with a dead dog's eye,
Slap it on a butty, ten foot thick,
Then wash it all down with a cup of cold sick.[4]

text: Lennon borrowed a couple of images from the first two lines. Shotton was also responsible for suggesting that Lennon change the lyric "waiting for the man to come" to "waiting for the van to come". The Beatles' official biographer, Hunter Davies, was present while the song was being written and wrote an account in his 1968 book The Beatles. According to this biography, Lennon remarked to Shotton, "Let the fuckers work that one out." While the band were studying Transcendental Meditation in India in early 1968, George Harrison told journalist Lewis Lapham that one of the lines in "I Am the Walrus" incorporated the personal mantra he had received from their meditation teacher, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.[5] According to Pattie Boyd, Harrison's wife at the time, the words "semolina pilchard" refer to Sergeant Pilcher of the London Drug Squad, who waged a campaign against British rock stars and underground figures during the late 1960s.[6]

text: Lennon claimed he wrote the first two lines on separate acid trips; he explained much of the song to Playboy in 1980:[7]

text: The first line was written on one acid trip one weekend. The second line was written on the next acid trip the next weekend, and it was filled in after I met Yoko ... I'd seen Allen Ginsberg and some other people who liked Dylan and Jesus going on about Hare Krishna. It was Ginsberg, in particular, I was referring to. The words 'Element'ry penguin' meant that it's naïve to just go around chanting Hare Krishna or putting all your faith in one idol. In those days I was writing obscurely, à la Dylan. [...]

text: It never dawned on me that Lewis Carroll was commenting on the capitalist system. I never went into that bit about what he really meant, like people are doing with the Beatles' work. Later, I went back and looked at it and realized that the walrus was the bad guy in the story and the carpenter was the good guy. I thought, Oh, shit, I picked the wrong guy. I should have said, 'I am the carpenter.' But that wouldn't have been the same, would it? [Sings, laughing] 'I am the carpenter ...'

text: Musical structure[edit]

text: All the chords are major chords or seventh chords, and all the musical letters of the alphabet (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) are used. The song ends using a Shepard tone, with a chord progression built on ascending and descending lines in the bass and strings, repeated as the song fades. Musicologist Alan W. Pollack analyses: "The chord progression of the outro itself is a harmonic Moebius strip with scales in bassline and top voice that move in contrary motion."[8] The bassline descends stepwise A, G, F, E, D, C, and B, while the strings part rises A, B, C, D, E, F♯, G: this sequence repeats as the song fades, with the strings rising higher on each iteration. Pollack also notes that the repeated cell is seven bars long, which means that a different chord begins each four-bar phrase. The fade is described by Walter Everett as a "false ending", in the form of an "unrelated coda" consisting of the orchestral chord progression, chorus, and sampling of the radio play.[9]

text: The song is in the key of A, and the instrumental introduction starts in the Lydian mode of B major.[10] Verse 1 begins with a I–♭III–IV–I rock pattern: "I am he" (A chord)..."you are me" (C chord) "and we are all toge..." (D chord) "...ther" (A chord). Verse 2, however, involves a ♭VI–♭VII–I Aeolian ascent: "waiting" (F chord) "for the van" (G chord) "to come" (A chord). The chorus uses a ♭III–IV–V pattern: "I am the eggman (C chord) "they are the eggmen (D chord). "I am the walrus (E chord), "goo goo g'joob" hanging as an imperfect cadence until resolved with the I (A chord) on "Mr. City Policeman".[11] At the line "Sitting in an English garden" the D♯ melody note (as in the instrumental introduction) establishes a Lydian mode (sharp 4th note in the scale), and this mode is emphasised more strongly with the addition of a D♯ note to the B chord on "If the sun don't come".[12]

text: Recording[edit]

text: "I Am the Walrus" was the first studio recording made by the Beatles after the death of their manager, Brian Epstein, in August 1967. The basic backing track featuring the Beatles was released in 1996 on Anthology 2. George Martin arranged and added orchestral accompaniment that included violins, cellos, horns, and clarinet. Paul McCartney said that Lennon gave instructions to Martin as to how he wished the orchestration to be scored, including singing most of the parts as a guide. The Mike Sammes Singers, a 16-voice choir of professional studio vocalists, also took part in the recording, variously singing "Ho-ho-ho, hee-hee-hee, ha-ha-ha", "oompah, oompah, stick it up your jumper!", "everybody's got one" and making a series of shrill whooping noises.[13] The "stick it up your jumper" refrain originated with the 1930s novelty song "Umpa, Umpa (Stick It Up Your Jumper)" by The Two Leslies.[citation needed]

text: In 2015, founding Moody Blues member Ray Thomas said in an interview that he and fellow band member Mike Pinder contributed backing vocals to the song, as well as harmonicas to "The Fool on the Hill".[14]

text: Incorporation of text from King Lear[edit]

text: The dramatic reading in the mix is Shakespeare's King Lear (Act IV, Scene 6), lines 219–222 and 249–262.[15] It was added to the song on 29 September 1967,[16] recorded directly from an AM radio Lennon was fiddling with. Lennon tuned around the dial and settled on the 7:30 pm to 11 pm[17] broadcast of the play on the BBC Third Programme.[18]

text: The first excerpt (ll. 219–222) moves in and out of the text, containing fragments of lines only. It begins where the disguised Edgar talks to his estranged and maliciously blinded father the Earl of Gloucester (timings given[15]):

text:
Gloucester: (2:35) Now, good sir, wh— (Lennon appears to change the channel away from the station here)[15]
Edgar: (2:38) — poor man, made tame by fortune — (2:44) good pity —

text: In the play Edgar then kills Oswald, Goneril's steward. During the fade of the song the second main extract (ll. 249–262), this time of continuous text, is heard (timings given[15]):[15][19]

text:
Oswald: (3:52) Slave, thou hast slain me. Villain, take my purse.
If ever thou wilt thrive, (4:02) bury my body,
And give the (4:05) letters which thou find'st about me
To (4:08) Edmund, Earl of Gloucester; (4:10) seek him out
Upon the British party. O, (4:14) untimely Death!
Edgar: (4:23) I know thee well: a (4:25) serviceable villain;
As duteous to the (4:27) vices of thy mistress
As badness would desire.
Gloucester: What, is he dead?
Edgar: (4:31) Sit you down father, rest you.

text: On the radio broadcast the roles were read by Mark Dignam (Gloucester), Philip Guard (Edgar), and John Bryning (Oswald).[16]

text: Different versions[edit]

text: In the original (1967) stereo release, at around two minutes through the song, the mix changes from true stereo to "fake stereo". This came about because the radio broadcast had been added "live" into the mono mix-down and so was unavailable for inclusion in the stereo mix; hence, fake stereo from the mono mix was created for this portion of the song.[20]

text: The mono version opens with a four-beat chord, while the stereo mix features six beats on the initial chord. The four-beat-only intro is also included on a different stereo mix (overseen by George Martin) for the previous MPI Home Video version of Magical Mystery Tour, especially the US Magical Mystery Tour album. The US mono single mix includes an extra bar of music before the words "yellow matter custard". This is actually the original uncut version of the mono mix called RM23. An early, overdub-free mix of the song released on Anthology 2 reveals John singing the lyrics "Yellow mat-" too early—this was edited out. A hybrid version prepared for the 1980 US Rarities LP combines the six-beat opening with the extra bar of music that precedes the words "yellow matter custard" (from the aforementioned US mono single mix).[21] An entirely new full stereo remix was done in 2012 for Apple's DVD and Blu-ray release of the restored version of Magical Mystery Tour.

text: A 5.1 surround sound full stereo remix of the song appeared on the DVD release of Anthology in 2003, on disc 4. A full stereo digital remix was also done for the Cirque du Soleil show Love and album of the same name, released in 2006. Producers George and Giles Martin were allowed access to early generations of the original master tapes. Musical parts that had previously been mixed were now available as separate elements. Additionally, a copy of the BBC broadcast of King Lear was acquired. Now, with all the sound sources used in the original mono mix present, a proper stereo remix could be accomplished. These tracks were transferred digitally and lined up to create a new multi-track master, from which a new mix would be made.

text: In addition to the stereo remixes prepared for the Love show and the 2012 Apple reissue referenced above, the DVDs that were released for those same projects contain a 5.1 surround sound mix of the song, making three distinct 5.1 remixes of the same song.

text: In Spring/Summer 1988 a Dutch radio station aired a no-overdub version that was acquired through dubious raids on the Apple vaults and titled Beatles unlimited. (Private copy, used by owner only, is noted here.)

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
John Lennon – lead vocals, electric piano, Mellotron
Paul McCartney – bass guitar, tambourine
George Harrison – electric guitar
Ringo Starr – drums
Orchestrated, directed and produced by George Martin
Session musicians – strings, brass, and woodwinds
Mike Sammes singers – backing vocals
Ray Thomas – backing vocals[14]
Mike Pinder – backing vocals[14]
Engineered by Geoff Emerick and Ken Scott
Mixed by Geoff Emerick and John Lennon[citation needed]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception at the time of the track's release was largely positive:

text:
"John growls the nonsense (and sometimes suggestive) lyric, backed by a complex scoring incorporating violins and cellos. You need to hear it a few times before you can absorb it" — Derek Johnson.[22]
"Into the world of Alice in Wonderland now and you can almost visualise John crouching on a deserted shore singing 'I am the walrus' to some beautiful strings from far away on the horizon and a whole bagful of Beatle sounds, like a ringing doorbell and someone sawing a plank of wood. A fantastic track which you will need to live with for a while to fully appreciate" — Nick Logan.[23]
In the 21st century, professional Beatleologist Scott Freiman called the song "the Beatles' last psychedelic masterpiece".[24]

text: The song was banned by the BBC for the use of the word "knickers" in the line "You’ve been a naughty girl, you’ve let your knickers down".[25][26]

text: Interpretation[edit]

text: Although it has been reported that Lennon wrote "I Am the Walrus" to confuse those who tried to interpret his songs, there have nevertheless been many attempts to analyse the meaning of the lyrics.[27][28]

text: Seen in the Magical Mystery Tour film singing the song, Lennon, apparently, is the walrus; on the track-list of the accompanying soundtrack album, however, underneath "I Am the Walrus" are printed the words " 'No you're not!' said Little Nicola" (in the film, Nicola Hale is a little girl who keeps contradicting everything the other characters say). Lennon returned to the subject in the lyrics of three of his subsequent songs: in the 1968 Beatles song "Glass Onion" he sings, "I told you 'bout the walrus and me, man / You know that we're as close as can be, man / Well here's another clue for you all / The walrus was Paul";[29] in the third verse of "Come Together" he sings the line "he bag production, he got walrus gumboot"; and in his 1970 solo song "God", admits: "I was the walrus, but now I'm John".

text: Eric Burdon, lead singer of the Animals, claims to be the "Eggman" mentioned in the song's lyric. Burdon was known as "Eggs" to his friends, the nickname originating from his fondness for breaking eggs over naked women's bodies.[citation needed] Burdon's biography mentions such an affair taking place in the presence of John Lennon, who shouted "Go on, go get it, Eggman..."[30]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
In the 30 October 1993 episode of Saturday Night Live, motivational speaker Matt Foley (played by Chris Farley) is speaking to a group of teenagers who have just returned from egging houses in the neighborhood, and references the song by saying "I’m the eggman, goo, goo, ga joo!"
English rock band Oasis covered the song as a B-side for their 1994 single "Cigarettes & Alcohol". The cover was featured in the compilation album The Masterplan.[31] "I Am The Walrus" would also stay as a staple of their live set until the band broke up in 2009.[citation needed]
In the 2007 movie Across the Universe, it was the featured song of Dr. Robert (played by Bono) as they went for their "magical bus tour" on a trip for enlightenment.
In the movie The Big Lebowski, a reference is made to this song as a play on words between quotes from "Lenin" (Vladimir Lenin) and "Lennon" (John Lennon).[citation needed]
In the novel Dreamcatcher by Stephen King, the character Henry regularly references himself as "The Eggman" including a chapter named "The Eggman's Journey"
In the cartoon Beat Bugs, in the second episode of the first season, the slug character Walter Walrus sings this song when he introduces himself to his new friends.[32] Several lyrics from Lennon's original version were excised from this version of the song.
In the novel "The Adventures of Norman Oklahoma, Volume One" by Steeven R. Orr, "The Walrus" is a mutant hit-man hired to kill Norman Oklahoma to prevent Norman from interfering with Vampire plans to overrun a small Kansas town. Norman saves himself by getting into an argument with The Walrus over the lyrics "Goo goo g'joob."


document_title: Chris Paul

question_text: how many games did chris paul start during his rookie season

root

text: Chris Paul

text: Early life

text: Paul was born on May 6, 1985 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina to Charles Edward Paul and Robin Jones.[3] He has an older brother named Charles "C.J." Paul.[3] A former athlete himself, Charles Sr. taught his sons basketball and football and coached them in various youth leagues throughout their childhoods.[4] Growing up, the Paul brothers spent their summers working at a service station owned by their grandfather Nathanial Jones,[5] to whom Paul attributes many life lessons, and describes as his "best friend".[6] One of Paul's uncles is a police officer.[7]

tag: p

text: High school career

text: Paul attended West Forsyth High School in Clemmons, North Carolina.[8] During his freshman and sophomore seasons, he played on the junior varsity team.[9] For his junior year, he averaged 25 points, 5.3 assists, and 4.4 steals per game, helping West Forsyth reach the state semifinals.[10] Over the ensuing summer, he led the Winston-Salem-based Kappa Magic to the National U-17 AAU title, earning tournament MVP honors in the process.[11] During his senior season, Paul received national attention for scoring 61 points in a game; his 61-year-old grandfather was slain earlier in the year and Paul honored him by scoring one point for each year of his life.[8] Paul finished the season with averages of 30.8 points, 5.9 rebounds, 9.5 assists, and 6 steals per game, leading West Forsyth to a 27–3 record and the Class 4A Eastern Regional finals.[10] He was then named a McDonald's All-American, first-team Parade All-American, and North Carolina's Mr. Basketball by The Charlotte Observer.[10]

text: College career

text: As a freshman at Wake Forest University, Paul averaged 14.8 points, 5.9 assists, and 2.7 steals per game,[12] setting school freshman records for three-point percentage, free throws, free throw percentage, assists, and steals in the process.[10] Behind his play, the Demon Deacons qualified for the NCAA Tournament, losing in the Sweet Sixteen to St. Joseph's.[13] At the conclusion of the season, Paul was named ACC Rookie of the Year and Third Team All-ACC.[10]

text: For two weeks early in Paul's sophomore season, Wake Forest was ranked number one in the nation for the first time in school history.[14] In the final game of the year, Paul punched NC State guard Julius Hodge in the groin and received a one-game suspension for the ACC Tournament,[15] an incident that marred Paul's image for a short time.[14] The Demon Deacons again qualified for the NCAA Tournament but suffered a second round upset at the hands of West Virginia.[16] With final averages of 15.3 points, 4.5 rebounds, 6.6 assists, and 2.4 steals per game, Paul was eventually named First Team Consensus All-America,[12] and with a 3.21 grade point average (GPA), he was also named to ESPN's Academic All-America Team.[17] On April 15, 2005, he announced he would be hiring an agent and turning professional.[14] On March 2, 2011, Wake Forest retired his jersey.[18]

text: College career statistics

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

2003–04
Wake Forest
31
31
33.6
.496
.465
.843
3.3
5.9
2.5
.4
14.8

2004–05
Wake Forest
32
32
33.4
.451
.474
.834
4.4
6.6
2.7
.0
15.3

Career

63
63
33.5
.472
.470
.838
3.9
6.3
2.5
.2
15.0

tag: table

text: Professional career

text: New Orleans Hornets (2005–2011)

text: Early seasons (2005–2007)

text: Paul was selected fourth overall in the 2005 NBA draft by the New Orleans Hornets.[19] Due to the devastation caused by Hurricane Katrina, the Hornets played most of their games in Oklahoma City that year.[20] Paul finished the season leading all rookies in points, assists, steals, and double-doubles, and became only the second rookie in NBA history to lead the league in total steals.[21] With final averages of 16.1 points, 5.1 rebounds, 7.8 assists, and 2.2 steals per game,[22] he was named NBA Rookie of the Year, falling just one vote shy of winning the award unanimously.[21] The only other rookie to receive a first place vote was Deron Williams, with whom Paul enjoyed a brief rivalry early in their careers.[23]

text: At the 2007 All-Star Weekend, Paul set new Rookie Challenge records with 17 assists and 9 steals.[24] For his sophomore season, he increased his scoring and passing averages to 17.3 points and 8.9 assists per game, but played in only 64 games due to injury.[22]

text: Rise to stardom (2007–2011)

text: Paul was selected to his first NBA All-Star Game in 2007–08,[22] playing in front of his home fans in New Orleans.[25] Behind his leadership, the Hornets were near the top of the Western Conference standings all year, temporarily occupying first place on March 17 following a win against the Chicago Bulls.[26] New Orleans finished the season with a franchise-record 56 wins and the second seed in the West.[27][28] Paul led the NBA with 11.6 assists and 2.7 steals per game to go along with 21.1 points per game,[22][29] finishing second in NBA Most Valuable Player Award voting and being named to his first All-NBA and All-Defensive teams.[22][30] In his playoff debut, he scored 35 points against the Dallas Mavericks.[31] In Game 2, he set a franchise playoff record with 17 assists.[32] The Hornets defeated the Mavericks in five games, with Paul registering 24 points, 11 rebounds, and 15 assists in the final game.[33] New Orleans were eliminated in the next round by the San Antonio Spurs.[27]

text: Prior to the start of the 2008–09 season, Paul signed a contract extension with the Hornets worth $68 million.[34] On December 17, 2008, he set the NBA record for consecutive games with a steal at 106.[35] On several occasions, he came within a few steals of recording a quadruple-double, including a 27-point, 10 rebound, 15 assist, and 7 steal game against the Philadelphia 76ers on January 26, 2009.[36] His final averages were 22.8 points, 5.5 rebounds, 11 assists, and 2.8 steals per game.[22] Despite Paul's individual accomplishments, New Orleans' record fell from the year before and they were eliminated in the first round of the playoffs by the Denver Nuggets.[37]

text: After a slow start to the 2009–10 season, the Hornets fired coach Byron Scott.[38] Paul stirred up controversy when he announced his displeasure with the move, commenting that team management should have "consulted with me and asked how I felt before it happened."[39] In early February, 2010, Paul tore cartilage in his left knee and was sidelined for over a month by surgery, forcing him to miss the All-Star Game.[40][41] In total, he played in only 45 games and his averages dropped to 18.7 points, 3.8 rebounds, 10.7 assists, and 2.1 steals per game.[22] Without Paul, the Hornets struggled, missing the playoffs.[42]

text: In 2010–11, Paul had another injury scare on March 6, 2011, suffering a concussion after colliding with Cavaliers guard Ramon Sessions and being carried off the court in a stretcher.[43] He returned two games later, registering 33 points and 15 assists against the Sacramento Kings.[44] With Paul playing a full season, the Hornets qualified for the playoffs and were matched up with the defending champion Los Angeles Lakers in the first round.[45] Paul had a "historically great" performance in the series,[46] contributing 33 points, 14 assists, and 4 steals in Game 1 and 27 points, 13 rebounds, and 15 assists in Game 4.[47][48] His final averages were 22 points, 6.7 rebounds, 11.5 assists, and 1.8 steals per game on 54.5 percent shooting.[22] New Orleans were eliminated in six games,[45] and ownership, fearing that Paul would leave the franchise via free agency, began actively pursuing a trade that would provide the team equitable compensation in return for his services.[49]

text: Los Angeles Clippers (2011–2017)

text: Trade to Los Angeles (2011)

text: On December 8, 2011, the Hornets agreed to a three-team trade sending Paul to the Los Angeles Lakers. The NBA, who owned the team at the time, nullified the deal, with commissioner David Stern claiming New Orleans would be better off keeping Paul.[50] The teams involved in the trade attempted to lobby the league to reverse its ruling and reconstruct the deal to no avail.[51][52] On December 12, the Hornets agreed to a trade sending Paul to the Los Angeles Clippers, but the deal broke down after the NBA added additional demands to the original terms.[53] Two days later, the teams finally made the trade, sending Paul and two future second round draft picks to the Clippers for Eric Gordon, Chris Kaman, Al-Farouq Aminu, and the Minnesota Timberwolves' unprotected first round pick in the 2012 draft.[54] Upon the deal's completion, Paul announced that he would opt into the final year of his contract and remain in Los Angeles for at least two more seasons.[55]

text: Playoff contention (2011–2017)

text: Paul's arrival to Los Angeles rejuvenated the Clippers franchise, with teammate Blake Griffin later commenting, "It put us on the map."[56] Early in Paul's debut season, the team developed a reputation for their fast paced offense and spectacular alley-oop dunks,[57] usually from Paul to Griffin or DeAndre Jordan,[58] earning them the nickname "Lob City".[59] Paul finished the year averaging 19.8 points, 9.1 assists, and 2.5 steals per game,[22] becoming the first Clipper to be named to the All-NBA First Team since the franchise moved to Los Angeles in the 1980s.[60] Behind his play and the emergence of Griffin as an All-NBA performer, Los Angeles qualified for the playoffs, losing to the San Antonio Spurs in the Conference Semifinals.[61]

text: At the 2013 All-Star Game, Paul led the West to victory with a 20-point and 15 assist performance, earning his first NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award.[62][63] He finished the season averaging 16.9 points, 9.7 assists, and 2.4 steals per game, helping the Clippers to a franchise-record 56 wins.[22][64] Seeded fourth in the West entering the playoffs, Los Angeles were defeated in the first round by the Memphis Grizzlies.[65] Shortly after their early postseason exit, the Clippers announced they would not renew coach Vinny Del Negro's contract and rumors arose of Paul forcing Del Negro out. Los Angeles later denied any player involvement in the coaching decision.[66][67][68]

text: Prior to the start of the 2013–14 season, Paul re-signed with the Clippers for five years on a contract worth approximately $107 million.[69] Despite a shoulder injury that sidelined him for over a month,[70] Los Angeles set another new franchise record for wins with 57.[71] His final averages were 19.1 points, 10.7 assists, and 2.5 steals per game.[22] In Game 1 of the second round of the playoffs, he hit a career postseason-high eight three-pointers to help the Clippers take an early series lead over the Oklahoma City Thunder.[72] In Game 5 and with the series tied 2–2, he made a string of late mistakes leading to an eventual Thunder victory, later commenting, "It's me ... Everything that happened at the end is on me."[73] Oklahoma City eventually eliminated Los Angeles in six games.[74]

text: In 2014–15, Paul played in all 82 games for the first time in his career, averaging 19.1 points and a league-high 10.2 assists per game.[75] In Game 7 of the first round of the playoffs, he hit a go-ahead shot with a second left to lift the Clippers over the Spurs despite a hamstring injury.[76] The injury forced him to miss the first two games of the next series versus the Houston Rockets, and Los Angeles eventually lost in seven games despite holding a 3–1 series lead.[77][78] The defeat marked ten consecutive seasons and seven consecutive playoff appearances without a Conference Finals appearance for Paul.[79]

text: In January of the 2015–16 season, Paul led the Clippers on a ten-game winning streak despite missing Griffin and Jordan at various points due to injury.[80] For the third straight year, he finished the season with averages of over 19 points, 10 assists, and 2 steals per game.[22] To begin the postseason, the Clippers drew a matchup with the Portland Trail Blazers, taking a 2–1 lead to start the series. In Game 4, Paul broke his hand and was ruled out indefinitely.[81] Without Paul, as well as Griffin, who also injured himself in Game 4, Los Angeles eventually lost the series in six games.[82]

text: In 2016–17, Paul missed 21 regular season games due to rest or injury, and averaged 18.1 points, 9.2 assists, and 5 rebounds in just over 31 minutes per game.[22] At season's end, Paul was not rewarded with an All-NBA honor, marking just the second time he failed to make an All-NBA team since 2008 and the first time in his six years as a Clipper.[83] In the playoffs, Los Angeles was eliminated after their first round series against the Utah Jazz, with Paul averaging 25.3 points, 9.9 assists, 5 rebounds per game over seven games.[83]

text: Houston Rockets (2017–present)

text: On June 28, 2017, Paul was traded to the Houston Rockets in exchange for Patrick Beverley, Sam Dekker, Montrezl Harrell, Darrun Hilliard, DeAndre Liggins, Lou Williams, Kyle Wiltjer, a future first round pick, and cash considerations.[84] In his debut for the Rockets in their season opener on October 17, 2017, Paul had four points on 2-for-9 shooting in a 122–121 win over the Golden State Warriors.[85] Paul sat on the bench down the stretch while the Rockets made their final push, and it was later revealed he was playing through a knee injury.[86] He subsequently missed the next 14 games before returning to the lineup on November 16. He had 11 points and 10 assists in his first game back, helping the Rockets score 90 points in the first half en route to a 142–116 win over the Phoenix Suns; Paul saw 21 minutes of action and sat out most of the fourth quarter. The Rockets made 61 percent of their first-half shots to get the second-most points in a first half in NBA history.[87] On November 27, he had a season-high 14 assists in a 117–103 win over the Brooklyn Nets.[88] On December 7, he had a near triple-double with 18 points, 13 assists and nine rebounds in a 112–101 win over the Utah Jazz.[89] On December 13, he recorded a season-high 31 points, 11 assists and seven rebounds in a 108–96 win over the Charlotte Hornets.[90] Two days later, he had 28 points, eight assists and seven steals to lead the Rockets to their 12th straight victory, a 124–109 win over the San Antonio Spurs. Paul became the first player in NBA history to post 28 points, eight assists and seven steals in a game against the Spurs. In the previous 10 years, that stat line had been achieved just 10 times—six of those 10 recorded by Paul.[91] He was subsequently named Western Conference Player of the Week for games played from Monday, December 11 through Sunday, December 17. It was his 13th career Player of the Week honor and his first since January 2016.[92] On December 31, Paul scored 15 of his 28 points in overtime as the Rockets snapped a five-game skid with a 148–142 double-overtime win over the Los Angeles Lakers.[93] On January 10, he took 29 shots and finished with a season-high 37 points in a 121–112 win over the Portland Trail Blazers.[94] On January 18 against the Minnesota Timberwolves, Paul earned his 1,958th steal, passing Derek Harper to move into 13th place on the NBA's career steals list.[95] Two days later, he recorded 33 points, 11 rebounds, seven assists and three steals in a 116–108 win over the Golden State Warriors.[96] On January 26, he scored a season-high 38 points in a 115–113 loss to the New Orleans Pelicans.[97] On February 3, he recorded 22 points and 11 assists in a 120–88 win over the Cleveland Cavaliers. During the game, Paul passed Andre Miller (8,624) for ninth place on the career assists list.[98] On February 23, in a 120–102 win over the Timberwolves, Paul passed Allen Iverson for 12th on the NBA's career steals list with 1,984.[99]

text: National team career

text: Paul made his debut for the United States national team at the 2006 FIBA World Championship in Japan.[100] He finished the competition with a tournament-high 44 assists, helping Team USA win the bronze medal.[101] At the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, he played a key role off the bench, scoring 13 points in a gold medal game victory against Spain.[102] Team USA finished the competition with a perfect 8–0 record.[100] Paul was promoted to the starting point guard position for the 2012 Olympics in London, averaging 8.2 points, 5.1 assists, and 1.6 steals per game en route to another gold medal and undefeated tournament.[103][104]

text: Player profile

text: Standing 6 feet tall (1.83 m) and weighing 175 pounds (79 kg), Paul plays point guard exclusively.[22] His career averages are 18.7 points, 4.4 rebounds, 9.9 assists, and 2.3 steals per game.[22] He has earned All-NBA honors eight times (2008–09, 2011–16), All-Defensive honors eight times (2008–09, 2011–16), and led the NBA in steals six times (2008–09, 2011–14) and in assists four times (2008–09, 2014–2015).[22] In 2013, he was ranked the third-best player in the league by ESPN and Sports Illustrated.[58][105] In his 2014 NBA preview, ESPN's Kevin Pelton called Paul the league's best point guard, adding, "a title he's held throughout his career when healthy".[106]

text: Paul prefers playing in the half court versus playing up-tempo.[106] He creates scoring opportunities by constantly changing speeds; upon beating his defender one-on-one or shedding him in the pick-and-roll, he will often slow down and box him out, denying him from regaining front side position and forcing the defense to help at all times.[58] His ability to penetrate deep into the paint leads to easy shots for his teammates, and in 2013 he was second in the league in assisted three pointers.[106] As a playmaker, he is noted for his consistently high assist-to-turnover ratio,[107] averaging just 2.4 turnovers per game over his career.[22] A deft midrange shooter, he is especially proficient from the right elbow, leading the league in shooting percentage from that area in 2015.[108] On defense, he aggravates opponents with active hands and high effort,[58] and has been ranked as one of the best perimeter defenders in the NBA.[109]

text: Off the court

text: Paul married his college sweetheart, Jada Crawley, on September 10, 2011.[110] Together they have two children, Christopher Emmanuel Paul, Jr. (born May 23, 2009) and Camryn Alexis Paul (born August 16, 2012).[111] The family resides in a Mediterranean-style mansion in Bel Air, which Paul bought from Avril Lavigne for $8.5 million in 2012.[112] On November 11, 2011, Paul appeared with his family on Family Feud.[113]

text: Paul is a Christian and attends church every Sunday whenever possible.[114] In one interview, Paul commented, "I am so thankful that my parents raised me and C.J. to depend on God's guidance and our faith in Him, and to always be thankful for what we receive."[115] He enjoys bowling and owns a franchise in the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) League called L.A.X.[116] He has hosted and participated in numerous celebrity and youth bowling events as the head of the CP3 Foundation, which benefits programs in Louisiana affected by Hurricane Katrina, as well as charities in Winston-Salem.[117][118][119]

text: Paul's brother, C.J., played college basketball at Hampton University and University of South Carolina Upstate. In 2004, they played against each other when Wake Forest had a preseason exhibition with USC-Upstate.[120] C.J. now works as Chris's personal manager.[121] Paul is close friends with footballer Reggie Bush; the two lived in the One River Place complex in the New Orleans Central Business District while Bush was playing for the Saints.[122] They also shared a personal chef.[123]

text: In 2014, Forbes ranked Paul as one of the highest-paid athletes in the world with $24.2 million in earnings including $5.5 million in endorsements.[124] Some of the companies he does business with are Nike and State Farm.[125] He was the cover athlete for the video game NBA 2K8.[126]

text: Paul was selected president of the National Basketball Players Association on August 21, 2013 after having served on the executive committee for four years.[127] He was a key figure in the banning of Clippers owner Donald Sterling from the NBA following racist remarks Sterling made in 2014. In one interview, Paul mentioned a possible boycott if Sterling continued to own the team.[128] Paul played a significant role in the election of Michele Roberts as the Executive Director of the Players Association, giving a strong recommendation to the executive committee responsible for filling the position.[129]

text: NBA career statistics

text:
Legend

  GP
Games played
  GS
Games started
 MPG
Minutes per game

 FG%
Field goal percentage
 3P%
3-point field goal percentage
 FT%
Free throw percentage

 RPG
Rebounds per game
 APG
Assists per game
 SPG
Steals per game

 BPG
Blocks per game
 PPG
Points per game
 Bold
Career high

text:
*
Led the league

NBA record

text: Regular season

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

2005–06
New Orleans
78
78
36.0
.430
.282
.847
5.1
7.8
2.2
.1
16.1

2006–07
New Orleans
64
64
36.8
.437
.350
.818
4.4
8.9
1.8
.0
17.3

2007–08
New Orleans
80
80
37.6
.488
.369
.851
4.0
11.6*
2.7*
.1
21.1

2008–09
New Orleans
78
78
38.5
.503
.364
.868
5.5
11.0*
2.8*
.1
22.8

2009–10
New Orleans
45
45
38.0
.493
.409
.847
4.2
10.7
2.1
.2
18.7

2010–11
New Orleans
80
80
36.0
.463
.388
.878
4.1
9.8
2.4*
.1
15.8

2011–12
L.A. Clippers
60
60
36.4
.478
.371
.861
3.6
9.1
2.5*
.1
19.8

2012–13
L.A. Clippers
70
70
33.4
.481
.328
.885
3.7
9.7
2.4*
.1
16.9

2013–14
L.A. Clippers
62
62
35.0
.467
.368
.855
4.3
10.7*
2.5*
.1
19.1

2014–15
L.A. Clippers
82
82
34.8
.485
.398
.900
4.6
10.2*
1.9
.2
19.1

2015–16
L.A. Clippers
74
74
32.7
.462
.371
.896
4.2
10.0
2.1
.2
19.5

2016–17
L.A. Clippers
61
61
31.5
.476
.411
.892
5.0
9.2
1.9
.1
18.1

Career
834
834
35.5
.473
.370
.866
4.4
9.9
2.3
.1
18.7

All-Star
8
4
26.7
.519
.455
.857
4.1
13.2
2.8
.0
13.1

text: Playoffs

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

2008
New Orleans
12
12
40.5
.502
.238
.785
4.9
11.3
2.3
.2
24.1

2009
New Orleans
5
5
40.2
.411
.313
.857
4.4
10.4
1.6
.0
16.6

2011
New Orleans
6
6
41.5
.545
.474
.796
6.7
11.5
1.8
.0
22.0

2012
L.A. Clippers
11
11
38.5
.427
.333
.872
5.1
7.9
2.7
.1
17.6

2013
L.A. Clippers
6
6
37.3
.533
.316
.892
4.0
6.3
1.8
.0
22.8

2014
L.A. Clippers
13
13
36.3
.467
.457
.774
4.2
10.4
2.8
.0
19.8

2015
L.A. Clippers
12
12
37.1
.503
.415
.941
4.4
8.8
1.8
.3
22.1

2016
L.A. Clippers
4
4
31.3
.487
.300
1.000
4.0
7.3
2.3
.0
23.8

2017
L.A. Clippers
7
7
37.2
.496
.368
.879
5.0
9.9
1.7
.1
25.3

Career
76
76
38.0
.484
.381
.847
4.7
9.4
2.2
.1
21.4

text: Awards and honors

text: NBA

text:
9× NBA All-Star: 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
8× All-NBA Team:

First Team: 2008, 2012, 2013, 2014
Second Team: 2009, 2015, 2016
Third Team: 2011

9× NBA All-Defensive Team:

First Team: 2009, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017
Second Team: 2008, 2011

NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award: 2013
NBA Rookie of the Year: 2006
NBA All-Rookie First Team: 2006

tag: ul

text: College

text:
First team consensus All-American: 2005[12]
No. 3 retired by Wake Forest[18]
2× All-ACC Team

All-ACC First Team: 2005[130]
All-ACC Third Team: 2004

All-ACC Defensive Team: 2004
All-ACC Freshman Team: 2004
ACC Rookie of the Year: 2004
All-ACC Tournament Second Team: 2004

text: United States National Team

text:
2× Olympic gold medalist: 2008, 2012
FIBA World Championship bronze medalist: 2006
USA Basketball Male Athlete of the Year: 2004


document_title: Arsenal F.C.

question_text: how many times have arsenal won the double

question_tokens: how many times have arsenal won the double

text: Arsenal F.C.

text: History

text: 1886–1919: Changing names

text: On 1 December 1886, munitions workers in Woolwich, now South East London, formed Arsenal as Dial Square, with David Danskin as their first captain.[a] Named after the heart of the Royal Arsenal complex, they took the name of the whole complex a month later.[14][13] Royal Arsenal F.C.'s first home was Plumstead Common,[13] though they spent most of their time in South East London playing on the other side of Plumstead, at the Manor Ground. Royal Arsenal won Arsenal's first trophies in 1890 and 1891, and these were the only football association trophies Arsenal won during their time in South East London.[15][16] In 1891, Royal Arsenal became the first London club to turn professional.[17]

text: Royal Arsenal renamed themselves for a second time upon becoming a limited liability company in 1893. They registered their new name, Woolwich Arsenal, with The Football League when the club ascended later that year.[18][19] Woolwich Arsenal was the first southern member of The Football League, starting out in the Second Division and winning promotion to the First Division in 1904. Falling attendances, due to financial difficulties among the munitions workers and the arrival of more accessible football clubs elsewhere in the city, led the club close to bankruptcy by 1910.[20][21] Businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall became involved in the club, and sought to move them elsewhere.[22][23]

text: In 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, Woolwich Arsenal moved to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, North London. This saw their third change of name: the following year, they reduced Woolwich Arsenal to simply The Arsenal.[24][25] In 1919, The Football League voted to promote The Arsenal, instead of relegated local rivals Tottenham Hotspur, into the newly enlarged First Division, despite only listing the club sixth in the Second Division's last pre-war season of 1914–15. Some books have speculated that the club won this election to division one by dubious means.[b] Later that year, The Arsenal started dropping "The" in official documents, gradually shifting its name for the final time towards Arsenal, as it is generally known today.[29]

text: 1919–1953: The Bank of England Club

text: With a new home and First Division football, attendances were more than double those at the Manor Ground, and Arsenal's budget grew rapidly.[30][31] Their location and record-breaking salary offer lured star Huddersfield Town manager Herbert Chapman in 1925.[32][33] Over the next five years, Chapman built a new Arsenal. He appointed enduring new trainer Tom Whittaker,[34] implemented Charlie Buchan's new twist on the nascent WM formation,[35][36] captured young players like Cliff Bastin and Eddie Hapgood, and lavished Highbury's income on stars like David Jack and Alex James. With record-breaking spending and gate receipts, Arsenal quickly became known as the Bank of England club.[37][38]

text: Transformed, Chapman's Arsenal claimed their first national trophy, the FA Cup, in 1930. Two League Championships followed, in 1930–31 and 1932–33.[39] Chapman also presided over multiple off the pitch changes: white sleeves and shirt numbers were added to the kit;[c] a Tube station was named after the club;[43][44] and the first of two opulent, Art Deco stands was completed, with some of the first floodlights in English football.[31] Suddenly, in the middle of the 1933–34 season, Chapman died of pneumonia.[45] His work was left to Joe Shaw and George Allison, who saw out a hat-trick with the 1933–34 and 1934–35 titles, and then won the 1936 FA Cup and 1937–38 title.

text: World War II meant The Football League was suspended for seven years, but Arsenal returned to win it in the second post-war season, 1947–48. This was Tom Whittaker's first season as manager, after his promotion to succeed Allison, and the club had equalled the champions of England record. They won a third FA Cup in 1950, and then won a record-breaking seventh championship in 1952–53.[46] However, the war had taken its toll on Arsenal. The club had had more players killed than any top flight club,[47] and debt from reconstructing the North Bank Stand bled Arsenal's resources.[31][25]

text: 1953–1986: The long sleep, Mee and Neill

text: Arsenal were not to win the League or the FA Cup for another 18 years. The '53 Champions squad was old, and the club failed to attract strong enough replacements.[48] Although Arsenal were competitive during these years, their fortunes had waned; the club spent most of the 1950s and 1960s in midleague mediocrity.[49] Even former England captain Billy Wright could not bring the club any success as manager, in a stint between 1962 and 1966.[50]

text: Arsenal tentatively appointed club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as acting manager in 1966.[51][52] With new assistant Don Howe and new players such as Bob McNab and George Graham, Mee led Arsenal to their first League Cup finals, in 1967–68 and 1968–69. Next season saw a breakthrough: Arsenal's first competitive European trophy, the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup. And the season after, an even greater triumph: Arsenal's first League and FA Cup double, and a new champions of England record.[53] This marked a premature high point of the decade; the Double-winning side was soon broken up and the rest of the decade was characterised by a series of near misses, starting with Arsenal finishing as FA Cup runners up in 1972, and First Division runners-up in 1972–73.[52]

text: Former player Terry Neill succeeded Mee in 1976. At the age of 34, he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date.[54] With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side such as Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club reached a trio of FA Cup finals (1978, 1979 and 1980), and lost the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties. The club's only trophy during this time was a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United in the 1979 FA Cup Final, widely regarded as a classic.[55][56]

text: 1986–2018: Graham to Wenger

text: One of Bertie Mee's double winners, George Graham, returned as manager in 1986. Arsenal won their first League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge. By 1988, new signings Nigel Winterburn, Lee Dixon and Steve Bould had joined the club to complete the "famous Back Four" led by existing player Tony Adams.[57] They immediately won the 1988 Football League Centenary Trophy, and followed it with the 1988–89 Football League title, snatched with a last-minute goal in the final game of the season against fellow title challengers Liverpool.[58] Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and the European Cup Winners' Cup, in 1994. Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players,[d] and he was dismissed in 1995. His permanent replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a dispute with the board of directors.[61]

text: The club metamorphosed during the long tenure of manager Arsène Wenger, appointed in 1996. New, attacking football,[62] an overhaul of dietary and fitness practices,[e] and efficiency with money[f] have defined his reign. Accumulating key players from Wenger's homeland, such as Patrick Vieira and Thierry Henry, Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–98 and a third in 2001–02. In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup, were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cups, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname "The Invincibles".[71] This latter feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to 24 October 2004, a national record.[72]

text: Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first nine seasons at the club, although on no occasion were they able to retain the title.[73] The club had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London in the competition's fifty-year history to reach the final, in which they were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona.[74] In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury.[75] Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively.

text: The club had not gained a major trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until 17 May 2014 when, spearheaded by then club-record acquisition Mesut Özil, Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2.[76] A year later, Arsenal appeared in the FA Cup final for the second time in a row, defeating Aston Villa 4–0 in the final and becoming the most successful club in the tournament's history with 12 titles, a record which Manchester United would tie the following season.[77] Arsenal later won the FA Cup for a record 13th time, defeating Chelsea 2–1 in the 2017 final and once more becoming the outright leader in terms of FA Cups won. The victory also saw Wenger become the first manager in English football history to win seven FA Cups. However, in that same season, Arsenal finished in the fifth position in the league, the first time they had finished outside the top four since before Wenger arrived in 1996.[78] After another unspectacular league season the following year, Wenger announced his departure from the club on 20 April 2018, after 22 years as manager.[79] His decision was met by responses of praise throughout English and world football from many pundits and former players, who also thanked him for developing them as people.[80] His final home match in charge was a 5–0 win over Burnley where his entrance was met to a standing ovation by supporters.[81] The final match under the Wenger era was a 1–0 away victory against Huddersfield.

text: 2018–present: The Emery Era

text: After conducting an overhaul in the club's operating model to coincide with Wenger's departure, Spaniard Unai Emery was named as the club's new head coach on 23 May 2018. He would become the club's first ever head coach, while their second ever manager from outside the United Kingdom.[82][83]

text: Crest

text:
Arsenal's first crest from 1888

The 'monogram' badge as used in the 1930 FA Cup Final

The 'Art Deco' badge

A version of the Arsenal crest used from 1949 to 2002

text: Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannons viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich). These can sometimes be mistaken for chimneys, but the presence of a carved lion's head and a cascabel on each are clear indicators that they are cannons.[84] This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down.[84]

text: In 1949, the club unveiled a modernised crest featuring the same style of cannon below the club's name, set in blackletter, and above the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Islington and a scroll inscribed with the club's newly adopted Latin motto, Victoria Concordia Crescit - "victory comes from harmony" – coined by the club's programme editor Harry Homer.[84] For the first time, the crest was rendered in colour, which varied slightly over the crest's lifespan, finally becoming red, gold and green. Because of the numerous revisions of the crest, Arsenal were unable to copyright it. Although the club had managed to register the crest as a trademark, and had fought (and eventually won) a long legal battle with a local street trader who sold "unofficial" Arsenal merchandise,[85] Arsenal eventually sought a more comprehensive legal protection. Therefore, in 2002 they introduced a new crest featuring more modern curved lines and a simplified style, which was copyrightable.[86] The cannon once again faces east and the club's name is written in a sans-serif typeface above the cannon. Green was replaced by dark blue. The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly consulted on the issue.[87] Until the 1960s, a badge was worn on the playing shirt only for high-profile matches such as FA Cup finals, usually in the form of a monogram of the club's initials in red on a white background.[88]

text: The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border. This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors.[89] From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s.[88]

text: In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th year anniversary. The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season. The crest was all white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left. The oak leaves represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub. The 15 laurel leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to establish the club. The laurel leaves also represent strength. To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest.[90]

text: Colours

text: For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves and white shorts, though this has not always been the case. The choice of red is in recognition of a charitable donation from Nottingham Forest, soon after Arsenal's foundation in 1886. Two of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest players who had moved to Woolwich for work. As they put together the first team in the area, no kit could be found, so Beardsley and Bates wrote home for help and received a set of kit and a ball.[91] The shirt was redcurrant, a dark shade of red, and was worn with white shorts and socks with blue and white hoops.[92][93] In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red. Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves. One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman played golf.[94] Regardless of which story is true, the red and white shirts have come to define Arsenal and the team have worn the combination ever since, aside from two seasons. The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts;[93] this proved unpopular and the white sleeves returned the following season. The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the club reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season.[94] In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-white sleeves with red sleeves with a broad white stripe.[93]

text: Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs. In 1909, Sparta Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time;[94] in 1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green and white strip.[95] In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red with white sleeves and shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas.[96] These teams still wear those designs to this day.

text: For many years Arsenal's away colours were white shirts and either black or white shorts. In the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts. This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history.[97] Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United. Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their "lucky" yellow and blue strip,[97] which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83. The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before.

text: When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits. During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the 2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon of 2010 to 2013.[98] Until 2014, the away kit was changed every season, and the outgoing away kit became the third-choice kit if a new home kit was being introduced in the same year.[99] Since Puma began manufacturing Arsenal's kits in 2014, new home, away and third kits are released every single season.[100]

text: Kit manufacturers and shirt sponsors

text: Arsenal's shirts have been made by manufacturers including Bukta (from the 1930s until the early 1970s), Umbro (from the 1970s until 1986), Adidas (1986–1994), Nike (1994–2014), and Puma (from 2014).[101] Like those of most other major football clubs, Arsenal's shirts have featured sponsors' logos since the 1980s; sponsors include JVC (1982–1999), Sega (1999–2002), O2 (2002–2006), and Emirates (from 2006).[93][94]

text: Stadiums

text: Before joining the Football League, Arsenal played briefly on Plumstead Common, then at the Manor Ground in Plumstead, then spent three years between 1890 and 1893 at the nearby Invicta Ground. Upon joining the Football League in 1893, the club returned to the Manor Ground and installed stands and terracing, upgrading it from just a field. Arsenal continued to play their home games there for the next twenty years (with two exceptions in the 1894–95 season), until the move to north London in 1913.[102][103]

text: Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006. The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing.[31] The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954.[31]

text: Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s. The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators.[104] This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators.[105]

text: Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a Grade II listed building and the other three stands were close to residential properties.[31] These limitations prevented the club from maximising matchday revenue during the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, putting them in danger of being left behind in the football boom of that time.[106] After considering various options, in 2000 Arsenal proposed building a new 60,361-capacity stadium at Ashburton Grove, since named the Emirates Stadium, about 500 metres south-west of Highbury.[107] The project was initially delayed by red tape and rising costs,[108] and construction was completed in July 2006, in time for the start of the 2006–07 season.[109] The stadium was named after its sponsors, the airline company Emirates, with whom the club signed the largest sponsorship deal in English football history, worth around £100 million.[110] Some fans referred to the ground as Ashburton Grove, or the Grove, as they did not agree with corporate sponsorship of stadium names.[111] The stadium will be officially known as Emirates Stadium until at least 2028, and the airline will be the club's shirt sponsor until at least 2024.[112][113] From the start of the 2010–11 season on, the stands of the stadium have been officially known as North Bank, East Stand, West Stand and Clock end.[114]

text: Arsenal's players train at the Shenley Training Centre in Hertfordshire, a purpose-built facility which opened in 1999.[115] Before that the club used facilities on a nearby site owned by the University College of London Students' Union. Until 1961 they had trained at Highbury.[116] Arsenal's Academy under-18 teams play their home matches at Shenley, while the reserves play their games at Meadow Park,[117] which is also the home of Boreham Wood F.C., Although both the Academy under-18 & the reserves occasionally play their big games at the Emirates infront of a crowd reduced to only the lower west stand.[118][119]

text: Supporters

text: Arsenal fans often refer to themselves as "Gooners", the name derived from the team's nickname, "The Gunners". The fanbase is large and generally loyal, and virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99.5% of available capacity),[120] and, as of 2015, the third-highest all-time average attendance.[121] Arsenal have the seventh highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund, FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich, and Schalke.[122][123][124][125] The club's location, adjoining wealthy areas such as Canonbury and Barnsbury, mixed areas such as Islington, Holloway, Highbury, and the adjacent London Borough of Camden, and largely working-class areas such as Finsbury Park and Stoke Newington, has meant that Arsenal's supporters have come from a variety of social classes. Much of the Afro-Caribbean support comes from the neighbouring London Borough of Hackney and a large portion of the South Asian Arsenal supporters commute to the stadium from Wembley Park, North West of the capital. There was also traditionally a large Irish community that followed Arsenal, with the nearby Archway area having a particularly large community, but Irish migration to North London is much lower than in the 1960s or 1970s.

text: Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line. The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater participation in ownership of the club by fans. The club's supporters also publish fanzines such as The Gooner, Gunflash and the satirical Up The Arse!. In addition to the usual English football chants, supporters sing "One-Nil to the Arsenal" (to the tune of "Go West").

text: There have always been Arsenal supporters outside London, and since the advent of satellite television, a supporter's attachment to a football club has become less dependent on geography. Consequently, Arsenal have a significant number of fans from beyond London and all over the world; in 2007, 24 UK, 37 Irish and 49 other overseas supporters clubs were affiliated with the club.[126] A 2011 report by SPORT+MARKT estimated Arsenal's global fanbase at 113 million.[127] The club's social media activity was the fifth highest in world football during the 2014–15 season.[9]

text: Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbours, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as North London derbies.[128] Other rivalries within London include those with Chelsea, Fulham and West Ham United. In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in recent years when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title[129] – so much so that a 2003 online poll by the Football Fans Census listed Manchester United as Arsenal's biggest rivals, followed by Tottenham and Chelsea.[130] A 2008 poll listed the Tottenham rivalry as more important.[131]

text: Ownership and finances

text: The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon Stan Kroenke.[132] Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007,[133] and faced competition for shares from Red and White Securities, which acquired its first shares off David Dein in August 2007.[134] Red & White Securities was co-owned by Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov and Iranian London-based financier Farhad Moshiri, though Usmanov bought Moshiri's stake in 2016.[135] Kroenke came close to the 30% takeover threshold in November 2009, when he increased his holding to 18,594 shares (29.9%).[136][137] In April 2011, Kroenke achieved a full takeover by purchasing the shareholdings of Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman, taking his shareholding to 62.89%.[138][139] As of May 2017, Kroenke owns 41,721 shares (67.05%) and Red & White Securities own 18,695 shares (30.04%).[132] Ivan Gazidis has been the club's Chief Executive since 2009.[132]

text: Arsenal's parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as a non-quoted public limited company, whose ownership is considerably different from that of other football clubs. Only 62,219 shares in Arsenal have been issued,[132] and they are not traded on a public exchange such as the FTSE or AIM; instead, they are traded relatively infrequently on the ICAP Securities and Derivatives Exchange, a specialist market. On 29 May 2017, a single share in Arsenal had a mid price of £18,000, which sets the club's market capitalisation value at approximately £1,119.9m.[140] Most football clubs aren't listed on an exchange, which makes direct comparisons of their values difficult. Consultants Brand Finance valued the club's brand and intangible assets at $703m in 2015, and consider Arsenal an AAA global brand.[141] Business magazine Forbes valued Arsenal as a whole at $2.0 billion (£1.4 billion) in 2016, ranked second in English football.[10] Research by the Henley Business School also ranked Arsenal second in English football, modelling the club's value at £1.118 billion in 2015.[142][143]

text: Arsenal's financial results for the 2014–15 season show group revenue of £344.5m, with a profit before tax of £24.7m.[144] The footballing core of the business showed a revenue of £329.3m. The Deloitte Football Money League is a publication that homogenizes and compares clubs' annual revenue. They put Arsenal's footballing revenue at £331.3m (€435.5m), ranking Arsenal seventh among world football clubs.[9] Arsenal and Deloitte both list the match day revenue generated by the Emirates Stadium as £100.4m, more than any other football stadium in the world.

text: In popular culture

text: Arsenal have appeared in a number of media "firsts". On 22 January 1927, their match at Highbury against Sheffield United was the first English League match to be broadcast live on radio.[145][146] A decade later, on 16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the first football match in the world to be televised live.[145][147] Arsenal also featured in the first edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of their match against Liverpool at Anfield on 22 August 1964.[145][148] Sky's coverage of Arsenal's January 2010 match against Manchester United was the first live public broadcast of a sports event on 3D television.[145][149]

text: As one of the most successful teams in the country, Arsenal have often featured when football is depicted in the arts in Britain. They formed the backdrop to one of the earliest football-related novels, The Arsenal Stadium Mystery (1939), which was made into a film in the same year.[150] The story centres on a friendly match between Arsenal and an amateur side, one of whose players is poisoned while playing. Many Arsenal players appeared as themselves in the film and manager George Allison was given a speaking part.[151] More recently, the book Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby was an autobiographical account of Hornby's life and relationship with football and Arsenal in particular. Published in 1992, it formed part of the revival and rehabilitation of football in British society during the 1990s.[152] The book was twice adapted for the cinema – the 1997 British film focuses on Arsenal's 1988–89 title win, and a 2005 American version features a fan of baseball's Boston Red Sox.[153]

text: Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and "boring" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s;[154][155] many comedians, such as Eric Morecambe, made jokes about this at the team's expense. The theme was repeated in the 1997 film The Full Monty, in a scene where the lead actors move in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine.[151] Another film reference to the club's defence comes in the film Plunkett & Macleane, in which two characters are named Dixon and Winterburn after Arsenal's long-serving full backs – the right-sided Lee Dixon and the left-sided Nigel Winterburn.[151]

text: In the community

text: In 1985, Arsenal founded a community scheme, "Arsenal in the Community", which offered sporting, social inclusion, educational and charitable projects. The club support a number of charitable causes directly and in 1992 established The Arsenal Charitable Trust, which by 2006 had raised more than £2 million for local causes.[156] An ex-professional and celebrity football team associated with the club also raised money by playing charity matches.[157] The club launched the Arsenal for Everyone initiative in 2008 as a annual celebration of the diversity of the Arsenal family.[158] In the 2009–10 season Arsenal announced that they had raised a record breaking £818,897 for the Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity. The original target was £500,000.[159]

text: Save the Children has been Arsenal global charity partner since 2011 and have worked together in numerous projects to improve safety and well-being for vulnerable children in London and abroad. On 3 September 2016 The Arsenal Foundation has donated £1m to build football pitches for children in London, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan and Somalia thanks to The Arsenal Foundation Legends Match against Milan Glorie at the Emirates Stadium.[160] On 3 June 2018 Arsenal will play Real Madrid in the Corazon Classic Match 2018 at the Bernabeu, where the proceeds will go to Real Madrid Foundation projects that are aimed at the most vulnerable children. In addition there will be a return meeting on 8 September 2018 at the Emirates stadium where proceeds will go towards the Arsenal foundation.[161]

text: Statistics and records

text: Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (18),[162] and they were the first club to reach a seventh and an eighth League Championship. As of May 2016, they are one of only six teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Manchester City and Leicester City, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992.[163]

text: They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, with 13.[164] The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015.[165] Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup "Doubles" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999).[73][166] They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993.[167] Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona.[168]

text: Arsenal have one of the best top-flight records in history, having finished below fourteenth only seven times. They have won the second most top flight league matches in English football, and have also accumulated the second most points,[4] whether calculated by two points per win[4] or by the contemporary points value.[169] They have been in the top flight for the most consecutive seasons (92 as of 2017–18).[3][170] Arsenal also have the highest average league finishing position for the 20th century, with an average league placement of 8.5.[5]

text: Arsenal hold the record for the longest run of unbeaten League matches (49 between May 2003 and October 2004).[72] This included all 38 matches of their title-winning 2003–04 season, when Arsenal became only the second club to finish a top-flight campaign unbeaten, after Preston North End (who played only 22 matches) in 1888–89.[71][171] They also hold the record for the longest top flight win streak.[172]

text: Arsenal set a Champions League record during the 2005–06 season by going ten matches without conceding a goal, beating the previous best of seven set by A.C. Milan. They went a record total stretch of 995 minutes without letting an opponent score; the streak ended in the final, when Samuel Eto'o scored a 76th-minute equaliser for Barcelona.[74]

text: David O'Leary holds the record for Arsenal appearances, having played 722 first-team matches between 1975 and 1993. Fellow centre half and former captain Tony Adams comes second, having played 669 times. The record for a goalkeeper is held by David Seaman, with 564 appearances.[173]

text: Thierry Henry is the club's top goalscorer with 228 goals in all competitions between 1999 and 2012,[174] having surpassed Ian Wright's total of 185 in October 2005.[175] Wright's record had stood since September 1997, when he overtook the longstanding total of 178 goals set by winger Cliff Bastin in 1939.[176] Henry also holds the club record for goals scored in the League, with 175,[174] a record that had been held by Bastin until February 2006.[177]

text: Arsenal's record home attendance is 73,707, for a UEFA Champions League match against RC Lens on 25 November 1998 at Wembley Stadium, where the club formerly played home European matches because of the limits on Highbury's capacity. The record attendance for an Arsenal match at Highbury is 73,295, for a 0–0 draw against Sunderland on 9 March 1935,[173] while that at Emirates Stadium is 60,161, for a 2–2 draw with Manchester United on 3 November 2007.[178]

text: Players

text: First-team squad

text: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

text:
No.

Position
Player

1

GK
Petr Čech

2

DF
Héctor Bellerín

4

MF
Mohamed Elneny

6

DF
Laurent Koscielny (captain)

7

MF
Henrikh Mkhitaryan

8

MF
Aaron Ramsey

9

FW
Alexandre Lacazette

10

MF
Jack Wilshere

11

MF
Mesut Özil

13

GK
David Ospina

14

FW
Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang

No.

Position
Player

16

DF
Rob Holding

17

FW
Alex Iwobi

18

DF
Nacho Monreal

20

DF
Shkodran Mustafi

21

DF
Calum Chambers

23

FW
Danny Welbeck

27

DF
Konstantinos Mavropanos

30

MF
Ainsley Maitland-Niles

31

DF
Sead Kolašinac

34

MF
Granit Xhaka

text: UEFA Reserve squad

text:
No.

Position
Player

39

DF
Tolaji Bola

43

MF
Josh Dasilva

44

MF
Vlad Dragomir

45

MF
Aaron Eyoma

46

FW
Yassin Fortune

47

MF
Charlie Gilmour

49

GK
Ryan Huddart

50

GK
Dejan Iliev

51

DF
Chiori Johnson

53

GK
Hugo Keto

54

GK
Matt Macey

No.

Position
Player

61

MF
Reiss Nelson

62

FW
Eddie Nketiah

63

DF
Jordi Osei-Tutu

67

GK
João Virginia

69

MF
Joe Willock

70

MF
Gedion Zelalem

72

FW
Xavier Amaechi

80

MF
Trae Coyle

87

DF
Joseph Olowu

90

FW
Emile Smith-Rowe

94

MF
Nathan Tormey

text: Out on loan

text:
No.

Position
Player

22

MF
Jeff Reine-Adélaïde (on loan at Angers until the end of 2017–18 season)

25

DF
Carl Jenkinson (on loan at Birmingham until the end of the 2017–18 season)[182]

26

GK
Emiliano Martínez (on loan at Getafe until the end of the 2017–18 season)

28

FW
Lucas Pérez (on loan at Deportivo until the end of the 2017–18 season)[183]

32

FW
Chuba Akpom (on loan at Sint-Truidense until the end of the 2017–18 season)

37

DF
Krystian Bielik (on loan at Walsall until the end of the 2017–18 season)

No.

Position
Player

59

DF
Tafari Moore (on loan at Wycombe Wanderers until the end of the 2017–18 season)

64

DF
Julio Pleguezuelo (on loan at Gimnàstic until the end of the 2017–18 season)

65

MF
Ben Sheaf (on loan at Stevenage until the end of the 2017–18 season)

—

FW
Joel Campbell (on loan at Real Betis until the end of the 2017–18 season)

—

FW
Takuma Asano (on loan at Hannover until the end of the 2018–19 season)[184]

text: Under-23s and Under-18s

text: Former players

text: Non-playing staff

text: Corporate hierarchy

text:
Position
Name

Chairman
 Sir Chips Keswick

Chief Executive Officer
 Ivan Gazidis

Director
 Ken Friar

Director
 Lord Harris of Peckham

Director
 Stan Kroenke

Director
 Josh Kroenke

Head of football relations
 Raul Sanllehi

Head of recruitment
 Sven Mislintat

text: Coaching staff

text:
Position
Name

Head coach
 Unai Emery [191]

Assistant coach
 Steve Bould

First-team coach
 Jens Lehmann

Goalkeeping coach
 Sal Bibbo

Director of High performance
 Darren Burgess

Head of performance
 Shad Forsythe

Fitness coach
Vacant

Head of medical services
Vacant

Club doctor
 Gary O'Driscoll

First-team physiotherapist
 Ben Ashworth

First-team physiotherapist
 Andrew Rolls

First-team physiotherapist
 James Haycock

First team strength and conditioning coach
 Barry Solan

Assistant fitness coach
 Craig Gant

Masseur
 Darren Page

Soft tissue therapist
 Takahiro Yamamoto

Kit manager
Vacant [192]

Assistant kit manager
Vacant

Equipment manager
Vacant

Performance nutritionist
 Richard Allison

Sport Scientist
 Tom Allen

Senior Football Analyst
 Ben Knapper

First Team Analyst
 Mark Curtis

Football Analyst Assistant
 Sam Hayball

text: Managers

text: There have been eighteen permanent and five caretaker managers of Arsenal since the appointment of the club's first professional manager, Thomas Mitchell in 1897.[193] The club's longest-serving manager, in terms of both length of tenure and number of games overseen, is Arsène Wenger, who managed the club between 1996 and 2018.[194][195] Wenger was also Arsenal's first manager from outside the United Kingdom.[195] Two Arsenal managers have died in the job – Herbert Chapman and Tom Whittaker.[196]

text: Honours

text: As of 28 May 2017.[g] Seasons in bold are seasons when the club won a Double of the league and FA Cup, or of the FA Cup and League Cup. The 2003–04 season was the only 38-match league season unbeaten in English football history. A special gold version of the Premier League trophy was commissioned and presented to the club the following season.[8]

text: EFL and Premier League

text: First Division (until 1992) and Premier League

text: League Cup

text: League Centenary Trophy

text: The FA

text: FA Cup

text: FA Community Shield (FA Charity Shield before 2002)

text: UEFA

text: UEFA Cup Winners' Cup (European Cup Winners' Cup before 1994)

text: Inter-Cities Fairs Cup[h]

text: County FAs

text: When the FA Cup was the only national football association competition available to Arsenal, the other football association competitions were County Cups, and they made up many of the matches the club played during a season.[197] Arsenal's first first-team trophy was a County Cup, the inaugural Kent Senior Cup.[15] Arsenal became ineligible for the London Cups when the club turned professional in 1891, and rarely participated in County Cups after this.[17][206] Due to the club's original location within the borders of both the London and Kent Football Associations,[207] Arsenal competed in and won trophies organized by each.[15][206]

text: Other

text: During Arsenal's history, the club has participated in and won a variety of pre-season and friendly honours. These include Arsenal's own pre-season competition the Emirates Cup, begun in 2007.[208] During the wars, previous competitions were widely suspended and the club had to participate in wartime competitions. During WWII, Arsenal won several of these.

text: Arsenal Women

text: Arsenal Women is the women's football club affiliated to Arsenal. Founded as Arsenal Ladies F.C. in 1987 by Vic Akers, they turned semi-professional in 2002 and are currently managed by Clair Wheatley. Akers currently holds the role of Honorary President of Arsenal Women.[209][210] As part of the festivities surrounding their 30th anniversary in 2017, the club announced that they were changing their formal name to Arsenal Women F.C., and would use "Arsenal" in all references except rare cases where there might be confusion with the men's side.[211]

text: Arsenal Women are the most successful team in English women's football. In the 2008–09 season, they won all three major English trophies – the FA Women's Premier League, FA Women's Cup and FA Women's Premier League Cup,[212] and, as of 2017, were the only English side to have won the UEFA Women's Cup or UEFA Women's Champions League, having won the Cup in the 2006–07 season as part of a unique quadruple.[213] The men's and women's clubs are formally separate entities but have quite close ties; Arsenal Women are entitled to play once a season at the Emirates Stadium, though they usually play their home matches at Boreham Wood.[214]

text: Footnotes

text:
Jump up ^ Woolwich and Plumstead were officially part of Kent until the creation of the County of London in 1889. The Arsenal History provides primary sources on the name, first meeting, and first match.[11] Bernard Joy says Danskin was captain at founding.[12] Danskin was made official captain the next month.[13]
Jump up ^ It has been alleged that Arsenal's promotion, on historical grounds rather than merit, was thanks to underhand actions by Norris, who was chairman of the club at the time; see History of Arsenal F.C. (1886–1966) for more details. This speculation ranges from political machinations to outright bribery; no evidence of any wrongdoing has ever been found. A brief account is given in Soar & Tyler.[26] A more detailed account can be found in Spurling.[27] Various primary sources are provided by Andy Kelly.[28]
Jump up ^ The new shirts are exhibited in The Arsenal Shirt.[40] Newspaper accounts of the addition of white sleeves are provided by Mark Andrews.[41] The contemporary discussion around the first use of shirt numbers, and its initial trial by Chelsea F.C., is provided by Neil Glackin.[42]
Jump up ^ Graham was banned for a year by the Football Association for his involvement in the scandal after he admitted he had received an "unsolicited gift" from Hauge.[59][60]
Jump up ^ These changes have received contemporary attention,[63] and later praise[64] and skepticism.[65] For context of the broader use of science in English football, see Soccer Science.[66]
Jump up ^ Several analyses indicate strong league performance across the Wenger period, given Arsenal's footballing outlays, including a regression analysis on wage bills,[67] regression on transfer spending,[68] regression on both,[69] and a bootstrapping approach for the period 2004–09.[70]
Jump up ^ For a record of all matches participated in by Arsenal, see the AISA Arsenal History Society's line-ups database.[197] For corroboration, multiple other sources exist.[198][199][200][201][202][203][204][205]
Jump up ^ Although not organised by UEFA, UEFA took over the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1971 and reformed it into the UEFA Cup (now UEFA Europa League). As the official precursor to the UEFA Europa League, it is included here under UEFA.

tag: ol


document_title: 2011 Cricket World Cup Semifinal: India v Pakistan

question_text: 2011 world cup semi final man of the match

text: Rivalry background[edit]

text: India and Pakistan have been the traditional arch rivals since the Partition of India in various fronts. The countries have fought three wars against each other. The same battlefield rivalry always reflected on the Cricket Stadium throughout the history since the first international cricket match between the two countries in 1952.This dispute has affected both diplomatic and political relations, and the same animosity can be felt on the field. A match between the two countries is often equated with war. Often a political or diplomatic tension has a fallout on the cricket relations between the two countries including suspension of cricket tours to the other country.

text: Match[edit]

text: Initially Pre-match rain in Mohali threatened the India-Pak semi final however things became clear after the Meteorological Department assured the non-possibility of the rain during the match.[9] India won the Toss and elected to bat first and made 260 runs in 50 overs for 9 wickets. Sachin Tendulkar scored 85 runs, But he was dropped 4 times by Pakistani fielders, and one LBW decision was overturned when he was on 23. He was awarded the Man of the Match. Pakistan on the other hand though with a good start failed to maintain consistency and were restricted to just 231 runs in 49.5 overs. India won the match and confirmed their place in the Finals.

text:
30 March 2011
14:30 (D/N)
Scorecard

text:
India
260/9 (50 overs)

v

 Pakistan
231 (49.5 overs)

Sachin Tendulkar 85 (115)
Wahab Riaz 5/46 (10 overs)

Misbah-ul-Haq 56 (76)
Ashish Nehra 2/33 (10 overs)

text:
India won by 29 runs
Punjab Cricket Association Stadium, Mohali, Chandigarh
Umpires: Ian Gould (Eng) and Simon Taufel (Aus)
Player of the match: Sachin Tendulkar (Ind)

text: India won the toss and elected to bat

text: Effects[edit]

text: Tickets for the semi-final match had been sold out in Mohali for days and many businesses and offices in both countries were closed during the play.[10] Governments in almost all the states and provinces of both the nations declared official Holidays on 30 March in view of this match.[10] Thousands of screens were installed in public places across both the nations, and television stores experienced increased sales of television sets in order to watch this and other games at the 2011 World Cup.[citation needed]

text: Cricket Diplomacy has been the positive perception from both the countries to strengthen the relationships between the two nations in the time of chaos after the 2008 Mumbai attacks which further deteriorated the already existing tussle between the two countries. Prime Minister of India Manmohan Singh used this opportunity and invited his Pakistani counterpart Yousuf Raza Gilani to watch the match with him at Mohali. Subsequently, Gilani accepted the offer and agreed to watch the match with Singh.[11][12] Victory Venkatesh, Aamir Khan, Priety Zinta, Vivek Oberoi were among the numerous celebrities present in the stadium during the match along with the massive cheering crowd.[13] After the victory, celebrations erupted throughout India and fans across the country cheered throughout the night.[14][15]


document_title: Port Isaac

question_text: where is the show doc martin filmed at

question_tokens: where is the show doc martin filmed at

text: Port Isaac

text: History[edit]

text: Port[edit]

text: Port Isaac's pier was constructed during the reign of Henry VIII. "...Tudor pier and breakwater have now yielded to a strong new sea-wall balanced by an arm on the opposite side of the cove, and we do not doubt that the fishermen sleep more soundly in their beds on stormy nights." (Arthur Mee: Cornwall; The King's England; London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1937, p. 184.) The village centre dates from the 18th and 19th centuries, from a time when its prosperity was tied to local coastal freight and fishing. The port handled cargoes of coal, wood, stone, ores, limestone, salt, pottery and heavy goods which were conveyed along its narrow streets. Small coastal sailing vessels were built below Roscarrock Hill.[citation needed] The pilchard fishery began here before the 16th century and in 1850 there were 49 registered fishing boats and four fish cellars.[3] Fishermen still work from the Platt, landing their catches of fish, crab and lobsters. The historic core of the village was designated a Conservation Area in 1971 and North Cornwall District Council reviewed this in 2008 with the endorsement of detailed Port Isaac Conservation Area Appraisal document and a related Conservation Area Management Plan. The village has around 90 Listed buildings (all Grade II).[4]

text: Lifeboat[edit]

text: The Port Isaac lifeboat station was established in 1869 following the delivery of two lifeboats, Richard and Sarah. The former boathouse building was until recently the Post Office but is now a gift shop. In the early 1960s the Royal National Lifeboat Institution introduced the Inshore Lifeboat, and in 1967 the Port Isaac Station reopened with a new class D inshore lifeboat. Since that time, the lifeboat has responded to more than 623 calls, saving more than 333 lives. Today, Port Isaac's crew and shore helpers man the station 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, providing full coverage of part of the north coast of Cornwall.[5] The current lifeboat is called 'Copeland Bell'.

text: In July 2012, the crew of the lifeboat received medals for gallantry following a dangerous rescue. This was only the second time in RNLI history that the entire crew of a D class, inflatable, lifeboat have received gallantry medals. It was the first time a silver medal had been awarded to a member of a Port Isaac crew since 1870.[6]

text: Transport[edit]

text: Until the closure of the Okehampton to Wadebridge railway line in 1966 the village was served by a station at Port Isaac Road. The station, some three miles (five kilometres) inland from Port Isaac, opened on 1 June 1895, and had a passing loop and a single siding with headshunt that served a goods shed and loading dock. All its buildings were built of local stone: station building and signal box locking room on the up platform, the small waiting shelter on the down platform, and the goods shed. Ticket sales were low, 4,500 annually in 1928, dropping to less than 2,000 in 1936; freight dropped in a similar way over the same period. The station layout did not change until the station siding was taken out of use in December 1965. The station was unstaffed from 6 December 1965 and closed on 3 October 1966. The station buildings and goods shed survive largely unchanged.

text: There are two large car parks on the outskirts of the village.

text: The village is served by Western Greyhound's 584 bus service from Wadebridge to Camelford which runs five times daily in each direction, except for Sundays. A summer Sunday service provides up to four return journeys.

text: Newquay Cornwall Airport, located in Newquay, is the closest airport to the village.

text: Places of worship[edit]

text: The church of St Peter was built as a chapel-of-ease in the parish of St Endellion in 1882–84; Port Isaac became a separate parish in 1913, though more recently it has returned to St Endellion parish. The church is built of granite and stone and the style adopted was Early English.[7]

text: The village has had three Nonconformist places of worship: the oldest was a Quaker meeting house, 1806; from 1832 it was used by the Baptists but was converted to a dwelling house in 1871. The United Methodist chapel (1846) and the Wesleyan Methodist chapel are both now closed. The nearest Roman Catholic church is in Tintagel.

text: Film location[edit]

text: Locations in and around the village have been used for a number of films and television series, including:

text:
Poldark (1975–77), a BBC television series, used locations in the area.
Tarry-Dan Tarry-Dan Scarey Old Spooky Man (1978), BBC supernatural play.
The Nightmare Man (1981), BBC drama serial, filmed in and around the village – which doubled for a Scottish island.
Oscar and Lucinda (1997), film.
Saving Grace (2000), a comedy film, was filmed in and around the village.
DIY SOS (2001), featured the village hall being decorated.
Doc Martin (2004–present), ITV series, seven series filmed in the port (using the fictional name of "Portwenn"; also used in the Sky Pictures movies Doc Martin and Doc Martin and the Legend of the Cloutie under its true name, "Port Isaac").
The Shell Seekers (2005), a television production with Vanessa Redgrave, where the village was used as the backdrop and many scenes were shot in the main street.