document_title: Freedom Writers

question_text: when does the movie freedom writers take place

root

text: Freedom Writers

text: Plot[edit]

text: Woodrow Wilson Classical High School is a formerly high-achieving school which has encountered some difficulties bearing its new racial integration plan. In 1994, in the aftermath of the Los Angeles riots, Erin Gruwell, an enthusiastic young teacher starts at the school. Her enthusiasm is challenged when she finds her class is composed of "at-risk" students, the "untouchables," and not the eager-for-college students she expected. Her students self-segregate into racial groups within the classroom. This causes problems, as a gang fight between Hispanic and African-American students break out and, consequently, most of her students began to stop attending class. Not only is Gruwell challenged with gaining her students' trust on personal and academic levels, but she must do so with very little support from her professional peers and district higher-ups. For example, her department head refuses to provide Gruwell with an adequate number of books for her class because she insists they will get damaged and lost. Instead, she suggests that Gruwell focuses on instilling concepts of discipline and obedience in her classroom.

tag: p

text: Two students, Eva (April Lee Hernández), a Mexican-American girl and narrator for much of the film, and Sindy (Jaclyn Ngan), a Cambodian refugee, frequent the same convenience store. One night, Grant Rice (Armand Jones), an African-American student at Woodrow Wilson, frustrated at losing an arcade game, demands a refund from the store owner. As Grant storms out of the store, Eva's boyfriend, Paco (as retaliation for losing a fight against Grant that took place earlier during a gang fight at Woodrow Wilson), attempts a drive-by shooting to kill Grant, but misses accidentally killing Sindy's boyfriend. As a witness, Eva must testify at court; she intends to guard "her own" in her testimony.

text: At school, Gruwell intercepts a racist drawing by one of her high school students and utilizes it to teach them about the Holocaust, most of which have no knowledge of. She gradually begins to earn their trust and buys them composition books to record their diaries, in which they talk about their experiences of being abused, seeing their friends die, and being evicted. Determined to reform her high school students, Gruwell takes on two part-time jobs to pay for more books and spends a lot more time at school, much to the disappointment of her husband (Patrick Dempsey). Her students start to behave with respect and discover a lot more. A transformation is specifically visible in one student, Marcus (Jason Finn). Gruwell invites various Jewish Holocaust survivors to talk with her class about their experiences and requires the students to attend a field trip to the Museum of Tolerance. Meanwhile, her unique training methods are scorned by her colleagues and department chair Margaret Campbell (Imelda Staunton).

text: The following school year comes, and Gruwell teaches her class (now sophomores) again, making it the second year that she is their teacher. On the first day of semester, Gruwell makes her class do a "Toast for Change", allowing everyone to open up about their struggles and what they wish to change about themselves. Later on, the class makes enough money to have Miep Gies to arrive to the United States and tell her experience when she helped Anne Frank, her family, and the Van Pels hide from the Nazis; she then also persuades to the students that they are heroes and that they "within their own small ways, [can] turn on a small light in a dark room." These two events inspire Eva to break free of the demands of her father to always protect her own rather than tell the truth. At Grant's trial, she shocks the courtroom by revealing that Paco actually killed the man in the store; Grant is spared of being convicted and Sindy later forgives Eva. On leaving the court, Eva is attacked and threatened but ultimately spared by members of her gang and ends up going to live with her aunt in order to keep herself safe.

text: Meanwhile, Gruwell asks her students to write their diaries in book form. She compiles the entries and names it The Freedom Writers Diary. Her husband divorces her and Margaret tells her she cannot teach her kids for their junior year. Gruwell fights this decision, eventually convincing the superintendent to permit her to teach her kids' junior and senior year, much to their elation. The film ends with a note that Gruwell successfully prepared numerous high school students to graduate high school and attend college, for many the first in their families to do so.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Hilary Swank as Erin Gruwell
Patrick Dempsey as Scott Casey
Scott Glenn as Steve Gruwell, Erin's Father
Imelda Staunton as Margaret Campbell
John Benjamin Hickey as Brian Gelford
April Lee Hernández as Eva Benitez
Mario as Andre Bryant
Jason Finn as Marcus
Cuba Gooding Jr. as Man in Cab #2
Vanetta Smith as Brandy Ross
Antonio Garcia as Miguel
Jaclyn Ngan as Sindy Ngor
Kristin Herrera as Gloria Munez
Gabriel Chavarria as Tito
Hunter Parrish as Ben Samuels
Giovonnie Samuels as Victoria
Deance Wyatt as Jamal Hill
Sergio Montalvo as Alejandro Santiago
Robert Wisdom as Dr. Carl Cohn
Will Morales as Paco
Ricardo Moline as Eva's Father
Angela Alvarado as Eva's Mother
Angela Sargeant as Marcus's Mother
Pat Carroll as Miep Gies
Chil Kong as Store Owner
Armand Jones as Grant Rice

tag: ul

text: Release[edit]

text: Freedom Writers had a domestic gross of $36,605,602 and had a foreign gross of $6,485,139 bringing the movie to a total gross of $43,090,741 worldwide. On the film's opening weekend it grossed a total of $9,405,582 ranking 4th behind Children of Men (3rd), The Pursuit of Happyness (2nd), and Night at the Museum (1st).

text: Reception[edit]

text: Freedom Writers has received mostly positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes provides links to 124 reviews, 70% of which are positive. The critical consensus is that "Freedom Writers is a frank, formulaic entry in the inspirational inner-city teacher genre, with an energetic Hilary Swank leading the appealing cast of unknowns." [2] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, calculated an average score of 64/100 based on 29 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[3] Cynthia Fuchs of Common Sense Media gave the film three out of five stars, writing in her review that "the plot is predictable, the actors too old to play high school students, and the pacing too slow. And really, the camera circles around deep-thinking faces a few too many times. But Freedom Writers also argues for listening to teenagers. That in itself makes it a rare and close-to-wonderful thing."[4] The film received a positive rating from Fox Weekly, giving the film a 9 out of 10.[5]

text: Chloé Valdary says that seeing the film inspired her to become politically active.[6]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Common lent his talents to the soundtrack with "A Dream", featuring and produced by The Black Eyed Peas member will.i.am. The soundtrack also includes the Tupac Shakur song "Keep Ya Head Up".

text: Instrumental sections of Sia's "Breathe Me" accompany the film's television trailer.

text: The Freedom Writers soundtrack contains the following songs:

text:
"A Dream" by Common featuring will.i.am
"Listen!!!" by Talib Kweli
"It’s R Time" by Jeannie Ortega
"When the Ship Goes Down" by Cypress Hill
"Hip Hop Hooray" by Naughty by Nature
"Keep Ya Head Up" by 2Pac
"Code of the Streets" by Gang Starr
"Rebirth of Slick (Cool Like Dat)" by Digable Planets
"Officer" by Pharcyde
"This is How We Do It" by Montell Jordan
"Colours" by will.i.am
"Bus Ride" by will.i.am
"Riots" by will.i.am
"Eva’s Theme" by Mark Isham
"Anne Frank" by Mark Isham


document_title: Wentworth (TV series)

question_text: when does the new series of wentworth prison start 2018

text: Wentworth (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Wentworth is set in modern-day Australia and focuses on Bea Smith (Danielle Cormack) when she first enters prison after being charged with the attempted murder of her husband.[2] Bea is separated from her daughter and sent to Wentworth on remand, where she lives in "an uncertain limbo" until she is sentenced. Starting at the bottom of Wentworth's hierarchy, Bea is forced to learn how to survive in prison.[2]

text: SeriesEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast airedNetwork1101 May 2013 (2013-05-01)3 July 2013 (2013-07-03)SoHo21220 May 2014 (2014-05-20)5 August 2014 (2014-08-05)3127 April 2015 (2015-04-07)23 June 2015 (2015-06-23)41210 May 2016 (2016-05-10)26 July 2016 (2016-07-26)5124 April 2017 (2017-04-04)20 June 2017 (2017-06-20)Showcase612[3]19 June 2018 (2018-06-19)TBA

tag: table

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Danielle Cormack as Bea Smith (seasons 1–4)[4]
Nicole da Silva as Francesca "Franky" Doyle (seasons 1–6)
Pamela Rabe as Joan "The Freak" Ferguson (seasons 2–)[5]
Kate Atkinson as Vera Bennett
Celia Ireland as Elizabeth "Liz" Birdsworth
Shareena Clanton as Doreen "Dor" Anderson (seasons 1–5)
Katrina Milosevic as Sue "Boomer" Jenkins (recurring season 1; main season 2–)
Robbie J. Magasiva as Will Jackson
Aaron Jeffery as Matthew "Fletch" Fletcher (seasons 1–3)
Tammy MacIntosh as Karen "Kaz" Proctor (recurring season 3; main season 4–)
Kate Jenkinson as Allie Novak (season 4–)[6]
Socratis Otto as Maxine Conway (recurring seasons 2–3; main seasons 4–5)
Sigrid Thornton as Sonia Stevens (special guest season 4; main season 5–)[7]
Bernard Curry as Jake Stewart (season 4–)[6]
Leeanna Walsman as Erica Davidson (season 1)
Kris McQuade as Jacqueline "Jacs" Holt (season 1)
Catherine McClements as Meg Jackson (season 1)
Leah Purcell as Rita Connors (season 6)
Susie Porter as Marie Winter (season 6)
Rarriwuy Hick as Ruby Mitchell (season 6)

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Ra Chapman as Kim Chang (seasons 1–)
Jacqueline Brennan as Linda Miles (season 1–)
Libby Tanner as Bridget Westfall  (seasons 3–)
Sally-Anne Upton as Lucy "Juicy Lucy" Gambaro (seasons 3–)
Martin Sacks as former acting Governor Derek Channing (seasons 1–5)
Bessie Holland as Stella Radic (seasons 2–)
Charli Tjoe as Tina Mercado (seasons 3–)
Madeleine Jevic as Lee Radcliffe (seasons 4–)
Sophia Katos as Mel Barrett (seasons 4–)
Steve Bastoni as Don Kaplan (seasons 4–)
Hunter Page-Lochard as Shayne Butler (seasons 4–)
Daniielle Alexis as Dana Malouf (seasons 5–)
Zahra Newman as Iman Farah (seasons 5)
Natlia Novikova as Zara Dragovich (seasons 6–)
Artemis Ioannides as Vicky Kosta (seasons 6–)
Louise Harris as Ronnie Katsis (season 1)
Rondah Dam as Phillipa "Pip" Turner (season 1)
John Bach as Vinnie Holt (season 1)
Melitta St Just as Megan Summers (season 1–2)
Steve Le Marquand as Colin Bates (season 2)
Tony Briggs as Steve Faulkner (season 2)
Lynette Curran as Rita Bennett (seasons 1–2)
Jada Alberts as Toni Goodes (seasons 1–2)
Annie Jones as Rachel Sanger (seasons 1–2)
Katherine Halliday as Sarah Briggs (season 2)
Kathryn Beck as Sky Pierson (season 2)
Reef Ireland as Brayden Holt (seasons 1–2)
Benne Harrison as Rosalind "Roz" Jago (seasons 1–3)
Cassandra Magrath as Hayley Jovanka (seasons 1–3)
Kasia Kaczmarek as Lindsay Coulter (seasons 2–3)
Miles Paras as Cindy Lou (season 3)
Christen O'Leary as Kelly Bryant (seasons 2–3)
Pia Miranda as Jodie Spiteri (season 3)
Jake Ryan as Harry Smith (recurring seasons 1–2; cameo season 3)
Ally Fowler as Simone "Simmo" Slater (recurring seasons 1–2; cameo season 3)
Alex Menglet as Ivan Ferguson (seasons 2–3)
Edwina Samuels as Sophie Donaldson (seasons 2–3)
Scott Parmeter as Chris Bakula (seasons 1–3)
Damien Richardson as Michael Mears (season 3)
Maggie Naouri as Rose Atkins (seasons 2–3)
Georgia Chara as Jess Warner (seasons 2–3)
Richard Sutherland as Alan Doyle (seasons 1, 4, 5)
Georgia Flood as Debbie Smith (seasons 1–2, cameo season 4)
Tony Nikolakopoulos as Nils Jasper (seasons 2–4)
Katerina Kotsonis as Brenda Murphy (seasons 4–)
Luke McKenzie as Nash Taylor (seasons 2–5)
Marta Kaczmarek as Marge Nowak (seasons 2, 5)

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text: In March 2012, it was announced that a contemporary re-imagining of Prisoner had been commissioned by Foxtel.[8] Brian Walsh, the executive director of television at Foxtel, stated that Wentworth would not be a remake of Prisoner, which ran for 692 episodes on Network Ten from 1979 to 1986.[8] He continued: "Wentworth will be a dynamic and very confronting drama series, developed and stylised specifically for subscription television audiences. We have told producers to push all boundaries and honestly depict life on the inside as it is in 2012."[8] Lara Radulovich and David Hannam have developed Wentworth from Reg Watson's original concept.[8] FremantleMedia and director of drama Jo Porter will produce Wentworth.[8] The first episode, and several subsequent episodes, were written by Pete McTighe. Television critic Michael Idato acted as series consultant and Kerry Tucker acted as consultant on authenticity.[9][10][11]

text: Porter commented that the series would explore "the politics of women in a world with few men, and how the experience both challenges and changes them, sometimes for the better."[8] Wentworth is set in the modern-day and centres on Bea Smith's early days in prison.[8] The storylines include a mix of original inmates and staff from Prisoner with characters developed especially for Wentworth.[8] Foxtel told a reporter from The Sydney Morning Herald that the original characters from Prisoner would be a contemporary interpretation in the new series. It was initially reported that none of the original cast from Prisoner would appear in the first season of Wentworth, however Anne Charleston, who had a number of small roles in the original series, made a cameo appearance as Liz Birdsworth's mother-in-law, also Alex Menglet and Gloria Ajenstat who played Ray Proctor and Tammy Fisher in the original series will have guest roles in the new series.[12][13] Foxtel revealed that the producers were looking at how they might incorporate the Prisoner theme tune, "On The Inside", into the new series.[12]

text: On 5 June 2013, it was confirmed that Wentworth had been renewed for a second season.[14] A reporter for the Australian Associated Press said production would begin later in the year, and the season would air in 2014.[14] Porter stated: "We have assembled an extraordinary team of writers who can't wait to get started on series two. We have so many more stories to tell."[15] In January 2014, it was announced that a third season of Wentworth had been ordered, before the second had aired.[16] In a similar manner, a 12-episode fourth season was announced before the airing of the third season on 27 February 2015.[17] It began airing from 10 May 2016.[18] Cormack confirmed a fifth season had been commissioned on 19 July.[19] The twelve-part series premiered on 4 April 2017.[20] On 9 May 2017, Showcase announced that the series has been renewed for a sixth season, which premiered on 19 June 2018.[3][21] A seventh season was commissioned in April 2018, before the sixth season premiere, with filming commencing the following week and a premiere set for 2019.[22]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On 4 October 2012, a reporter for The West Australian revealed that Celia Ireland and Kate Atkinson had joined the cast of Wentworth, while Shareena Clanton would make her acting debut as Doreen Anderson.[23] Danielle Cormack was cast in the role of Beatrice "Queen Bea" Smith and she stated "I am absolutely rapt to be part of the reboot of such an iconic drama. Prisoner left an indelible mark on fans and I really hope that the re-imagining of this series will be just as popular with viewers now as it was back then."[24] Actors Robbie Magasiva and Aaron Jeffery play corrections officers in the detention centre.[24] David Knox from TV Tonight revealed that Nicole da Silva, Kris McQuade, Catherine McClements and Leeanna Walsman had also joined the cast.[25]

text: Following the end of the first season, it was revealed that iconic Prisoner character Joan "The Freak" Ferguson, a sadistic, lesbian prison officer, would be introduced in the second season.[26] Porter commented "Prisoner offered up a very rich well of amazing characters to draw upon and the Wentworth writers are very excited about revisiting the character of prison officer Joan 'The Freak' Ferguson in our second season."[26] Erin McWhirter from TV Week reported that former All Saints actress Tammy MacIntosh was one actress rumoured to have been offered the role.[26][27] On 21 September 2013, it was confirmed that Pamela Rabe had been cast as "The Freak".[28] McQuade, McClements and Walsman did not reprise their respective roles of Jacs Holt, Meg Jackson and Erica Davidson for the second season.[29] Katrina Milosevic, who portrays Boomer Jenkins, was upgraded to the main cast.[29]

text: Actresses Pia Miranda, Libby Tanner and Tammy MacIntosh joined the cast from the third season as inmate Jodie Spiteri, psychologist Bridget Westfall and vigilante Karen Proctor respectively.[30] Sigrid Thornton, who played Ros Coulson on Prisoner, will be joining the cast for season four. She will not be reprising her former role, but will play another Prisoner based character Sonia Stevens.[31] In November 2015, Kate Jenkinson and Bernard Curry were announced to be appearing in the show as Allie Novak, an inmate, and Jake Stewart, a correctional officer, respectively.[6]

text: In April 2018, it was announced that Indigenous Australian actress Leah Purcell had joined the cast as Rita Connors, a role originally played by Glenda Linscott in Prisoner. Also joining the cast were Susie Porter as criminal matriarch Marie Winter, a role originally played by Maggie Millar in Prisoner, and Rarriwuy Hick as young boxer Ruby Mitchell.[21] Shane Connor also joined the cast in a recurring role.[32]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Foxtel confirmed that Wentworth would not be shot at the original ATV-10 studios in Nunawading, Victoria where Prisoner was filmed.[12] Wentworth was instead filmed on a purpose built set in the suburb of Clayton. The shoot employed 300 cast and crew.[25] The ten-part season began filming for four months from 10 October 2012.[25][33] Wentworth began airing on Foxtel's SoHo channel from 1 May 2013.[34] Filming for the second season began on 23 September 2013 and wrapped on 13 February 2014.[28][35] The second season began airing on 20 May 2014.[36] Production for the third season resumed in March and filming was completed in late July.[16][37] In the same month, it was announced that the property in which Wentworth was filmed had been sold, and the set would be knocked down.[38] A new alternative was being sought and a TV Week reporter commented that it was unclear if the loss of the set would be written into future storylines.[38] The third season began airing on 7 April 2015.[39] Production on the fourth season began in the second half of 2015.[17] The fifth season was filmed in Melbourne from August 2016.[20] On 9 May 2017, Showcase announced that the series has been renewed for a sixth season, which began filming a week later.[3]

text: Release[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Wentworth has been sold to more than 90 countries.[40] On 2 April 2013, it was confirmed that TVNZ had signed a deal to broadcast Wentworth in New Zealand.[41] Later that month, it was announced that Wentworth would be broadcast on Channel 5 in the UK.[42] The head of acquisitions for the channel, Kate Keenan, commented "Wentworth will be a great addition to Channel 5's drama output this autumn. This compelling cast of female characters packs an emotional punch and will appeal to the Channel 5 viewers who love our range of crime output from dramas to factual series."[42]

text: A trailer for the series began airing on the channel and its website in August 2013 and premiered on Channel 5 on 28 August. Channel 5 also re-titled the show, Wentworth Prison.[43] The second season began on Channel 5 on 3 September 2014 and season Three, which commenced broadcast on 22 July 2015, concluded with a two-hour season finale which consisted of episodes 11 and 12 of the season on 30 September 2015. Season four of Wentworth premiered on Channel 5 on 27 June 2016.[44] In July, following declining ratings, the series was moved from its Monday night timeslot on Channel 5 to Tuesday's on sister channel 5Star.[45][46] Season 5 premiered on 5Star on 23 May 2017.[47] Season 6 of Wentworth premiered on 5Star on 23 June 2018, just four days following the Australian premiere; however, the series has been moved to Saturday nights at 10:00 pm.[48]

text: The series premiered in the Republic of Ireland broadcasting as Wentworth on TV3 from June 2014.[citation needed] Season 2 premiered on TV3 on 15 January 2015.[49] In Canada the first two seasons broadcast on Aboriginal Peoples Television Network in late 2015.[50]

text: Although the series has a strong fan base in many countries, Angela Perez of Australia Network News said Foxtel was considering cancelling the show due to audiences viewing new episodes via pirate websites following the Australian premiere. Foxtel stated that the piracy is "a serious problem in terms of recouping money to help pay for future seasons".[45]

text: ABC 1 started broadcasting Wentworth from season 1 in April 2018.[51]

text: Streaming[edit]

text: In December 2014, Wentworth first premiered on Netflix in the United States and added seasons one and two to its streaming service.[52] In April 2016 the third season was released to US audiences via the platform.[53] Season 4 was released on Netflix in July 2016.[46] The show features on the “50 Best TV Shows on Netflix” list according to Netflix Life.[46] Seasons one to three are available to view via Amazon Video in the U.S.[54][55][56]

text: In the United Kingdom, all five seasons are available for streaming on Amazon Video,[57] while additional services include Google Play[58] and Youtube.[59]

text: In Australia, Foxtel Now provides a catch-up service for the Wentworth,[60] while the series is made available for catch-up viewing via TVNZ OnDemand in New Zealand[61] and My5 in the United Kingdom for a limited time.[62]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The show has received critical acclaim throughout its run. Following a screening of the pilot episode for the media in February 2013, Ben Pobjie from The Age called Wentworth "a triumph".[34] He praised the writing and the cast, saying "So rarely in Australian TV do we see well-written characters collide with dead-on casting and tense, atmospheric direction as they have here."[34] He added that Wentworth is "a powerful, almost cinematic drama" with its own identity, that incorporates "echoes" of the original Prisoner series.[34] Holly Byrnes, writing for the Herald Sun, quipped "this brilliant retelling picks up where the pioneering series left off and then takes the kind of shocking plot detours contemporary TV viewers would expect from award-winning US dramas like Breaking Bad or Sons of Anarchy." Byrnes also praised the cast's performances, particularly Cormack.[63]

text: Following its North American debut the critics drew comparisons with US prison dramedy Orange Is the New Black, though Liz Raftery of TV Guide said she believed the show was more gritty and did not "sugarcoat" prison life. They branded it "edge-of-your-seat television" and singled out Sue 'Boomer' Jenkins as one of the show's standout characters and reasons to watch.[64] Margaret Lyons from New York magazine called it a "ruthlessly dark drama" similar to Breaking Bad, a comparison which TV Guide's critics also made. Lyons added that Wentworth's careful plotting of storylines gave meaningful payoffs and triumphed into making it a "smart and competent" series.[65]

text: Gerard O'Donovan from The Daily Telegraph opined that the show has a cast of "fabulously strong, variably humane female characters."[66] They believed it did not try to appeal to "mainstream tastes", adding "the series sticks more closely to its violent, soapy, sexploitation Prisoner: Cell Block H roots than is strictly necessary in 2016." O'Donovan branded it a rare example of fictional work portraying lesbianism as "not only normal, but the norm." He concluded the show depicts a world in which "women hold virtually all the power, albeit to no obviously edifying ends."[66] Matt Baylis from the Daily Express criticised the show for not being original and having a "mandatory number of unnecessary scenes". They preferred the original series Prisoner and accused Wentworth of being everything the original was not.[67]

text: The first episode of Wentworth attracted 244,000 viewers, making it the most watched Australian drama series premiere in Foxtel history.[68] The UK premiere of the show attracted 1.67 million viewers, a 10.3% share of the audience for the 10pm time slot.[69]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (Australian)

Episodes

First aired

Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers(millions)

Date

Viewers(millions)

Date

Viewers(millions)

1
Wednesday 8:30 pm

10

1 May 2013

0.244[68]

3 July 2013

0.125[70]
2013
2
0.144

2
Tuesday 8:30 pm

12

20 May 2014

0.075[71]

5 August 2014

0.103[72]
2014
2
0.084

3

12

7 April 2015

0.100[73]

23 June 2015

0.113[74]
2015
1
0.107

4

12

10 May 2016

0.140[75]

26 July 2016

0.095[76]
2016
1
0.106

5

12

4 April 2017

0.101[77]

20 June 2017

0.119[78]
2017
2
0.086

6

12

19 June 2018

0.101[79]

TBA

TBD
2018
TBD
TBD

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Wentworth has received several awards and nominations since its debut in 2013. The series has received 18 Logie Award nominations, winning six in total, in which Danielle Cormack,[80] Celia Ireland[81] and Pamela Rabe[82] have been recipients respectively, while the show has won the award for Most Outstanding Drama Series in 2015[83] and 2018,[82] and again for Most Popular Drama Program in 2018.[82]

text: The shows has also received nominations and wins from the AACTA Awards, the ASTRA Awards, Australian Directors Guild Awards, and Australian Writers Guild Awards, while additional nominations have come from the Australian Screen Editors and the Equity Awards.

text: Home media[edit]

text: In Australia, Wentworth is available on both DVD and Blu-ray formats, where in 2013 the first season was released via Shock Records. The series was however acquired by Roadshow Entertainment in 2014 for distribution of subsequent seasons, and a re-release of the first season in 2016.

text: Fremantle Home Entertainment initially held the rights for distribution in the United Kingdom, where the series is only available on DVD, and under the "Wentworth Prison" title. The first season was made available in a standard set and a Deluxe Edition, for which it included special features; both the second and third seasons received only Deluxe Edition releases, after which, Network distribution acquired ownership of all home media rights for all previous seasons and subsequent seasons from 2016 onwards.

text: Furthermore, multiple season sets are available on DVD and Blu-ray in Australia and on DVD in the United Kingdom.

text: In the United States, the series commenced releasing on DVD in 2016 in which the first three seasons are currently available from Acorn Media.[84] As of yet, there is no news as to whether Acorn Media will release subsequent seasons.

text: DVD and Blu-ray sets commenced releasing in Germany from early 2017. From Season 4 onwards, the series will only receive DVD sets in Germany.[85][86]

text: Overview[edit]

text:
Season

Episodes

Release date

Rating

Additional

Region 1[87]

Region 2 (UK)[88]

Region 4[89]

Region B (AU)[90]

BBFC

ACB

Standard releases

1

10

15 November 2016

4 November 2013

18 November 2013

18

MA15+

showFeatures

Distribution

Acorn Media distribution (Region 1)
Fremantle Home Entertainment distribution (Region 2)
Shock Records distribution (Region 4/B)
Set details

3-DVD set (Region 1)
3-DVD standard set (Region 2)
4-DVD Deluxe Edition (Region 2)
5-DVD set (Region 4)
3-Blu-ray set (Region B)
1.78:1 aspect ratio
Dolby Digital 5.1
DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 (Blu-ray)
Other release

Re-released via Roadshow Entertainment on DVD and Blu-ray – 28 September 2016 (Region 4/B)[91][92]

2

12

7 March 2017

24 November 2014

22 October 2014

18

MA15+

showFeatures

Distribution

Acorn MediaAcorn Media]] distribution (Region 1)
Fremantle Home Entertainment distribution (Region 2)
Roadshow Entertainment distribution (Region 4/B)
Set details

4-DVD set (region 1)
4-DVD Deluxe Edition (Region 2)
4-DVD set (Region 4)
3-Blu-ray set (Region B)
1.78:1 aspect ratio
Dolby Digital 5.1
DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 (Blu-ray)

3

12

6 June 2017

12 October 2015

14 October 2015

18

MA15+

showFeatures

Distribution

Acorn Media distribution (Region 1)
Fremantle Home Entertainment distribution (Region 2)
Roadshow Entertainment distribution (Region 4/B)
Set details

4-DVD set (Region 2)
4-DVD set (Region 4)
3-Blu-ray set (Region B)
1.78:1 aspect ratio
Dolby Digital 5.1
DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 (Blu-ray)

4

12

TBD

7 November 2016

5 October 2016

18

MA15+

showFeatures

Distribution

Network distribution (Region 2)
Roadshow Entertainment distribution (Region 4/B)
Set details

4-DVD set (Region 2)
4-DVD set (Region 4)
3-Blu-ray set (Region B)
1.78:1 aspect ratio
Dolby Digital 5.1
DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 (Blu-ray)

5

12

TBD

9 October 2017

4 October 2017

18

MA15+

showFeatures

Distribution

Network distribution (Region 2)
Roadshow Entertainment distribution (Region 4/B)
Set details

4-DVD set (Region 2)
4-DVD set (Region 4)
3-Blu-ray set (Region B)
1.78:1 aspect ratio
Dolby Digital 5.1
DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 (Blu-ray)

Multiple releases

1–2

22

No release

24 November 2014

22 October 2014

18

MA15+

showFeatures

Distribution

Fremantle Home Entertainment distribution (Region 2)
Roadshow Entertainment distribution (Region 4/B)
Set details

8-DVD set (Region 2)
9-DVD set (Region 4)
6-Blu-ray set (Region B)
(See individual releases for additional information)

1–3

34

No release

12 October 2015

14 October 2015

18

MA15+

showFeatures

Distribution

Fremantle Home Entertainment distribution (Region 2)
Roadshow Entertainment distribution (Region 4/B)
Set details

12-DVD set (Region 2)
13-DVD set (Region 4)
9-Blu-ray set (Region B)
(See individual releases for additional information)

1–4

46

No release

24 October 2016

5 October 2016

18

MA15+

showFeatures

Distribution

Network distribution (Region 2)
Roadshow Entertainment distribution (Region 4/B)
Set details

16-DVD set (Region 2)
17-DVD set (Region 4)
12-Blu-ray set (Region B)
(See individual releases for additional information)

1–5

58

No release

2 October 2017

4 October 2017

18

MA15+

showFeatures

Distribution

Network distribution (Region 2)
Roadshow Entertainment distribution (Region 4/B)
Set details

20-DVD set (Region 2)
21-DVD set (Region 4)
15-Blu-ray set (Region B)
(See individual releases for additional information)

text: Remakes[edit]

text:
Block B: Under Arrest, a German remake was the first in 2014 [16][93] which screened on RTL for one season.
Celblok H, a Dutch remake of Wentworth for Dutch TV Network, SBS 6, starring Isa Hoes, Eva van de Wijdeven, Bo Mearten, and Inge Ipenburg, began airing on 3 March 2014. The series is virtually a scene-for-scene remake of Wentworth, with the exception of character name changes. Four seasons and 46 episodes were produced, and the final episode was broadcast on 27 March 2017.
A Belgian remake of "Wentworth" is being made by the Belgian TV channel Vier. Filming is scheduled to start in July 2016, release is planned for 2018.[94]


document_title: List of Magic: The Gathering sets

question_text: when does the next mtg set come out

question_tokens: when does the next mtg set come out

text: List of Magic: The Gathering sets

text: Base/core set editions[edit]

text: After the second version (Beta) of the first set, which contained two cards mistakenly excluded from the first version (Alpha), all subsequent base sets through 10th Edition consisted of cards that had been printed before in either the original base set or an expansion set. Alpha through Fifth Edition did not have set symbols printed on the actual cards, though those sets were retroactively given set symbols in Wizards of the Coast's official Gatherer[3] database of Magic cards.

text:
Set
Set symbol[3]
Set code[4][3]
Pre-release date
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Limited Edition Alpha
None
LEA
none
August 5, 1993[6]
295[I]
74
95
116
—
10
—

Limited Edition Beta
None
LEB
none
October 1993[7]
302[I]
75
95
117
—
15
—

Unlimited Edition
None
2ED
none
December 1993[6]
302[I]
75
95
117
—
15
—

Revised Edition[II]
None
3ED
none
April 1994[8]
306
75
95
121
—
15
—

Fourth Edition
None
4ED
none
April 1995[9]
378
121
121
121
—
15
—

Fifth Edition
None / Roman-numeral five[III]
5ED
none
March 24, 1997[10]
449
165
132
132
—
20
—

Classic Sixth Edition
A Roman-numeral six
6ED
none
April 28, 1999[10]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Seventh Edition
A serif numeral seven
7ED
none
April 11, 2001[10]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Eighth Edition
The number eight superimposed over three fanned cards
8ED
none
July 28, 2003[11]
357
110
110
110
—
20
7[IV]

Ninth Edition
The number nine superimposed over three fanned cards
9ED
none
July 29, 2005[12]
359
110
110
110
—
20
9[IV]

Tenth Edition
A Roman-numeral ten
10E
none
July 13, 2007[13]
383
121
121
121
—
20
—

Magic 2010
"M10"
M10
July 11, 2009[14]
July 17, 2009[15]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2011
"M11"
M11
July 10, 2010[16]
July 16, 2010[16]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2012
"M12"
M12
July 9, 2011[17]
July 15, 2011[17]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2013
"M13"
M13
July 7, 2012[18]
July 13, 2012[18]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2014
"M14"
M14
July 13, 2013[19]
July 19, 2013[19]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2015
"M15"
M15
July 12, 2014[20]
July 18, 2014[20]
269
101
80[21]
53
15
20
15[IV]

Magic Origins
Planeswalker symbol breaking through the horizon
ORI
July 11, 2015[22]
July 17, 2015[22]
272
101
80
55
16
20
16[IV]

Core 2019
unrevealed
M19
July 14, 2018
July 20, 2018
269
unrevealed

text: Expansion sets[edit]

text: Expansion sets from Ice Age to Rivals of Ixalan (with the exception of Homelands) came in groups called "blocks". (From 1997–2008, Wizards of the Coast also used the term "cycle" when describing the associated storyline.) Blocks were cohesive products: they centered around one plane, followed a particular storyline, and contained cards and mechanics that supported both. Blocks generally consisted of one large "stand-alone" expansion set of 250–300 cards, followed by one or two small expansion sets of 150–200 cards which continue the themes introduced in the large set. Like the base set, stand-alone expansion sets contain basic land cards; other expansion sets do not. Beginning with Alliances, expansion sets were given codenames while in development; the code names of the expansions of a cycle usually fit together to form a phrase or common theme.[23] Starting with Mirage in 1996, blocks were officially refined in form: they would consist of would be three sets, large-small-small. With Zendikar block in 2009, the traditional large-small-small block structure began to be varied, with some blocks including a second large set later in the block. Starting with the Battle for Zendikar block in 2015, the default structure of a block was changed to large-small, with each block consisting of only two sets and two blocks released per year.[24]

text: Ice Age and Alliances were the first two sets to have a well-defined relationship, but were not created as a canonical block at the time of printing. Also beginning with Alliances in June 1996, expansion sets were released in a regular pattern: the base sets were released in October with the small expansion sets being released in February and June (Alliances was originally the third set of the block; it was retroactively made a second set with the release of Coldsnap in 2006). With the exceptions of Stronghold, a 1998 set released in March rather than February, and Scourge, a 2003 set which was released in May rather than June, this pattern of months was never broken, over a 10-year period, until 2006, when Dissension was also released a month early in May instead of June, because of the July release of Coldsnap. The third set in a block has since been released in late April or early May. From 2005–2015, there was a fourth release date each year in mid-July, usually reserved for Core Sets. Other summer releases included Coldsnap and Eventide.[XXVI]

text: Fallen Empires was an experimental expansion in which most card have three or four different pieces of artwork. You could see them as 121 common cards, by art, or 36 cards by the text. It was also a major expansion in the idea of tribes, especially Goblins and Merfolk.

text: Most early expansion sets did not have exact release dates; they were just shipped out within the space of a week, and retailers could start selling them as soon as the sets were received. By the time of Alliances in 1996, however, release dates were set as Mondays (the earliest set with an exact Monday release date might possibly have preceded Alliances, but Alliances is the earliest set with a cited and confirmed Monday release date). Beginning with Mirrodin in 2003, the release dates were changed from Monday to Friday. All sets beginning with Homelands[VI] also have a pre-release date, on which cards are sold in limited quantities in pre-release tournaments. These tournaments were formerly always held two weeks before the release date, but since Shards of Alara they are now held one week before the release date.

text: Premium foil cards have been inserted into booster packs since Urza's Legacy. Originally 1 foil card was inserted for every 100 cards. The ratio was changed to 1 in 70 cards with the Torment expansion. Beginning with Tenth Edition the rate was increased to 1 in 56 cards.[25]

text: Starting with Kaladesh block, sets sometimes also contain an entry in the Masterpiece Series.[26]

text: The block model has evolved as time went on. In addition to a formalized structure (which was occasionally variated on), Wizards began to have trouble developing small sets that satisfied their own quality standards. Players also reported fatigue at playing in the same environment for a year at a time. The decision to remove one small set from each block, as showcased in Battle For Zendikar block, was a result of this dissatisfaction. It culminated in the decision to delete small sets entirely: After the Ixalan block concludes, forthcoming sets will all be large-sized sets. However, not all large-size sets will involve travel to a new plane; some will be sequels to the set prior to it, if the depth of the plane's story and mechanics allows. Dominaria, to be released in 2018, will be the first set under this model. [26]

text:
Set
Expansion
symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Development
codename[23]
Pre-release date
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total
Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic
Land
Other

Arabian Nights
A scimitar
ARN
Arabian Nights[27]
none
December 1993[28]
92[V]
41
19
32
—
—
—

Antiquities
An anvil
ATQ
Antiquities[27]
none
March 1994[29]
100[VI]
30
44
26
—
—
—

Legends
The capital of a Doric column
LEG
Legends[27]
none
June 1994[30]
310
75
114
121
—
—
—

The Dark
A thin crescent moon
DRK
The Dark [27]
none
August 1994[31]
119
40
44
35
—
—
—

Fallen Empires
A crown
FEM
Fallen Empires[27]
none
November 1994[32]
187[VII]
121
30
36
—
—
—

Ice Age
A snowflake
ICE
Ice Age[27]
none[VII]
June 1995[33]
383
121
121
121
—
20
—

Homelands[IX]
The globe of Ulgrotha
HML
Homelands[27]
October 14, 1995[VII]
October 1995[34]
140[X]
71
27
42
—
—
—

Alliances
A flowing banner
ALL
Quack[23]
May 18, 1996[35]
June 10, 1996[10]
199[XI]
110
43
46
—
—
—

Mirage Block

Mirage
A palm tree
MIR
Sosumi/Menagerie[23]
September 21, 1996[36][XXV]
October 7, 1996[10]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Visions
Zhalfirin Triangle of War/stylized "V"
VIS
Mirage Jr.[23]
January 11, 1997[37]
February 3, 1997[38]
167
62
55
50
—
—
—

Weatherlight
The Thran Tome, an open book
WTH
Mochalatte[23]
May 31, 1997[39]
June 9, 1997[10]
167
62
55
50
—
—
—

Rath Cycle or Tempest Block

Tempest
A storm cloud
TMP
Bogavhati[23]
October 4, 1997[40]
October 13, 1997[10]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Stronghold
A portcullis
STH
Rachimulot[23]
February 21, 1998[41]
March 2, 1998[10]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Exodus
A bridge
EXO
Gorgonzola[23]
June 6, 1998[42]
June 15, 1998[10]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Artifacts Cycle or Urza Block

Urza's Saga
Two gears
USG
Armadillo[23]
October 3, 1998[43]
October 12, 1998[44]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Urza's Legacy
A hammer
ULG
Guacamole[23]
February 6, 1999[45]
February 15, 1999[10]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Urza's Destiny
An Erlenmeyer flask
UDS
Chimichanga[23]
May 29, 1999[40]
June 7, 1999[46]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Masquerade Cycle or Masques Block

Mercadian Masques
A domino mask
MMQ
Archimedes[23]
September 25, 1999[47]
October 4, 1999[48]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Nemesis
The spiked halberd wielded by Crovax
NMS
Euripides[23]
February 5, 2000[49]
February 14, 2000[50]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Prophecy
Three crystals
PCY
Dionysus[23]
May 27, 2000
June 5, 2000[51]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Invasion Block

Invasion
The symbol of the Coalition[XII]
INV
Beijing[23]
September 23, 2000[40]
October 2, 2000[52]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Planeshift
A swirling portal
PLS
Hong Kong[23]
January 27, 2001[53]
February 5, 2001[53]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Apocalypse
The mask of Yawgmoth
APC
Shanghai[23]
May 26, 2001[54]
June 4, 2001
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Odyssey Block

Odyssey
The Mirari on a twisted stand
ODY
Argon[23]
September 22, 2001[40]
October 1, 2001
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Torment
An ouroboros
TOR
Boron[23]
January 26, 2002[55]
February 4, 2002[55]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Judgment
A balancing scale
JUD
Carbon[23]
May 18, 2002
May 27, 2002[56]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Onslaught Block

Onslaught
A four-legged "morph"[XIII] creature
ONS
Manny[23]
September 28, 2002[57]
October 7, 2002[57]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Legions
Two crossed spears behind a shield
LGN
Moe[23]
January 25, 2003[58]
February 3, 2003
145
55
45
45
—
—
—

Scourge
A dragon mask
SCG
Jack[23]
May 17, 2003[59]
May 26, 2003[59]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Mirrodin Block

Mirrodin
The Sword of Kaldra
MRD
Bacon[23]
September 20, 2003[60]
October 3, 2003[60]
306
110
88
88
—
20
—

Darksteel
The shield of Kaldra
DST
Lettuce[23]
January 24, 2004[61]
February 6, 2004[61]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Fifth Dawn
The helm of Kaldra
5DN
Tomato[23]
May 22, 2004[62]
June 4, 2004[63]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Kamigawa Block

Champions of Kamigawa
A torii gate
CHK
Earth[23]
September 18, 2004[64]
October 1, 2004[65]
306
110
88[XIV]
88
—
20
—

Betrayers of Kamigawa
A shuriken
BOK
Wind[23]
January 22, 2005[66]
February 4, 2005[65]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Saviors of Kamigawa
A Japanese-style lantern
SOK
Fire[23]
May 21, 2005[67]
June 3, 2005[65]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Ravnica Block

Ravnica: City of Guilds
A Gothic-style church tower
RAV
Control[68]
September 24, 2005[69]
October 7, 2005[70]
306
110
88
88
—
20
—

Guildpact
The seal of the Guildpact
GPT
Alt[68]
January 21, 2006[71]
February 3, 2006[71]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Dissension
The broken seal of the Guildpact
DIS
Delete[68]
April 22, 2006[72]
May 5, 2006[72]
180
60
60
60
—
—
—

Coldsnap

Coldsnap[IX]
A hanging trio of icicles
CSP
Splat[23]
July 8, 2006[73]
July 21, 2006[74]
155
60
55
40
—
—
—

Time Spiral Block

Time Spiral
An hourglass
TSP/TSB[XV]
Snap[68]
September 23, 2006[75]
October 6, 2006[75]
422[XV]
121
80
80
—
20
121

Planar Chaos
tilted hourglass / merging planes /
stylized letters "PC" / Möbius strip
PLC
Crackle[68]
January 20, 2007[76]
February 2, 2007[76]
165[XV]
60
55
50
—
—
—

Future Sight
an eye gazing through a rift portal
FUT
Pop[68]
April 21, 2007[77]
May 4, 2007[77]
180[XV]
60
60
60
—
—
—

Lorwyn Block

Lorwyn
Elvish "leaf blade" with a serrated edge
LRW
Peanut[78]
September 29, 2007[79]
October 12, 2007[79]
301
121
80
80
—
20
—

Morningtide
Sunrise / A flame
MOR
Butter[78]
January 19, 2008[80]
February 1, 2008[80]
150
60
40
50
—
—
—

Shadowmoor Block[81]

Shadowmoor
Crown of the Reaper King
SHM
Jelly[78]
April 19, 2008[82]
May 2, 2008[82]
301
121
80
80
—
20
—

Eventide
Eclipsed sun
EVE
Doughnut[81]
July 12, 2008[83]
July 25, 2008[83]
180
60
60
60
—
—
—

Alara Block

Shards of Alara
5-part gem
ALA
Rock[84]
September 27, 2008[85]
October 3, 2008[86]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Conflux
5-shard shield
CON
Paper[84]
January 31, 2009[87]
February 6, 2009[87]
145
60
40
35
10
—
—

Alara Reborn
5-branched gem
ARB
Scissors[84]
April 25, 2009[88]
April 30, 2009[88]
145
60
40
35
10
—
—

Zendikar Block

Zendikar
A hedron
ZEN
Live[84]
September 26, 2009[89]
October 2, 2009[89]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Worldwake
A hedron opening
WWK
Long[84]
January 30, 2010[90]
February 5, 2010[90]
145
60
40
35
10
—
—

Rise of the Eldrazi
A hedron opened
ROE
Prosper[84]
April 17, 2010[91]
April 23, 2010[91]
248
100
60
53
15
20
—

Scars of Mirrodin Block

Scars of Mirrodin
Encircled hexplate with a smaller hex cut out
SOM
Lights[92]
September 25, 2010[93]
October 1, 2010[93]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Mirrodin Besieged
Mirran/Phyrexian symbols combined
MBS
Camera[92]
January 29, 2011[94]
February 4, 2011[94]
155
60
40
35
10
10
—

New Phyrexia
The letter Phi, the symbol of Phyrexia
NPH
Action[92]
May 7, 2011[95][96]
May 13, 2011[95][96]
175
60
60
35
10
10
—

Innistrad Block

Innistrad
Two stylized outward facing herons[97]
ISD[98]
Shake[92]
September 24, 2011[99]
September 30, 2011[99]
264[XXVII]
107
67
59
16
15
—

Dark Ascension
Innistrad symbol turned inward[100]
DKA[101]
Rattle[92]
January 28, 2012[101]
February 3, 2012[101]
158[XXVII]
64
44
38
12
—
—

Avacyn Restored
The collar of Avacyn
AVR[102]
Roll[92]
April 28, 2012[102]
May 4, 2012[102]
244
101
60
53
15
15
—

Return to Ravnica Block

Return to Ravnica
Symbol of the five guilds in this set (resembles a fountain pen tip)
RTR[103]
Hook[84][104]
September 29, 2012[103]
October 5, 2012[103]
274
101
80
53
15
25
—

Gatecrash
Pointed arch (symbolizes the other five guilds which appear in this set)
GTC[105]
Line[84][104]
January 26, 2013[105]
February 1, 2013[105]
249
101
80
53
15
—
—

Dragon's Maze
Return to Ravnica and Gatecrash symbols combined[106]
DGM[106]
Sinker[84][104]
April 27, 2013[106]
May 3, 2013[106]
156[XXVIII]
70
40
35
11
—
—

Theros Block

Theros
Column and arcs
THS[107]
Friends[84][104]
September 21, 2013[107]
September 27, 2013[107]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Born of the Gods
Horns of Xenagos
BNG[108]
Romans[84][104]
February 1, 2014[108]
February 7, 2014[108]
165
60
60
35
10
—
—

Journey into Nyx
Horns of Xenagos and column
JOU[109]
Countrymen[84][104]
April 26, 2014[110]
May 2, 2014[109]
165
60
60
35
10
—
—

Khans of Tarkir Block

Khans of Tarkir
Two crossed scimitars in front of a shield
KTK[111]
Huey[112]
September 20, 2014[111]
September 26, 2014[111]
269
101
80
53
15
20
—

Fate Reforged
Two mirrored fangs
FRF[113]
Dewey[112]
January 17, 2015[113]
January 23, 2015[113]
185[XXIX]
70
60
35
10
10
—

Dragons of Tarkir
A shield in the shape of a dragon's face (nearly identical in outline to the KTK symbol)
DTK[114]
Louie[112]
March 21, 2015[114]
March 27, 2015[114]
264
101
80
53
15
15
—

Battle for Zendikar Block

Battle for Zendikar
A hedron with a "Z" crimp
BFZ[115]
Blood[116]
September 26, 2015[115]
October 2, 2015[115]
274[XXX]
101
80
53
15
25
—[XXX]

Oath of the Gatewatch
Kozilek blade projections
OGW[117]
Sweat[116]
January 16, 2016[117]
January 22, 2016[117]
184[XXX]
70
60
42[118]
12[118]
—
—[XXX]

Shadows over Innistrad Block

Shadows over Innistrad
Avacyn's collar deformed (in this case, upside-down)
SOI[119]
Tears[116]
April 2, 2016[119]
April 8, 2016[119]
297[XXXI]
105
100
59
18
15
—

Eldritch Moon
Silhouette of Emrakul
EMN [120]
Fears[24]
July 16, 2016[120]
July 22, 2016[120]
205[XXXI]
74
70
47
14[121]
—
—

Kaladesh Block

Kaladesh
Stylized vines
KLD
Lock[122]
September 24, 2016
September 30, 2016
264
101
80
53
15
15
—

Aether Revolt
Stylized blossom
AER
Stock[122]
January 14, 2017
January 20, 2017
184
70
60
42
12
—
—

Amonkhet Block

Amonkhet
Pyramid with floating top
AKH
Barrel[122]
April 22, 2017
April 28, 2017
269
101
80
53
15
20
—

Hour of Devastation
Horns of Nicol Bolas
HOU
Laughs[123]
July 8, 2017
July 14, 2017
199
70
60
42
12
15
—

Ixalan block (forthcoming)

Ixalan
Compass rose
XLN
Ham[124]
September 23, 2017
September 29, 2017
279
unrevealed

Rivals of Ixalan
Half compass rose with two Northern points
RIX[125]
Eggs[124]
January 13, 2018
January 19, 2018
196
unrevealed

Post-block sets[26]

Dominaria
unrevealed
DOM
Soup[126]
April 21, 2018
April 27, 2018
269
unrevealed

"Spaghetti"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Spaghetti[127]
c. September 2018
c. September 2018
unrevealed

"Meatballs"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Meatballs[127]
c. January 2019
c. January 2019
unrevealed

"Milk"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Milk[128]
c. Spring 2019
c. Spring 2019
unrevealed

"Archery"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Archery[129]
c. September 2019
c. September 2019
unrevealed

"Baseball"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Baseball[129]
c. January 2020
c. January 2020
unrevealed

text: Masterpiece Series[edit]

text: Starting with Kaladesh block, some blocks and sets also include an entry in the Masterpiece Series. The Zendikar Expeditions from Battle for Zendikar were not released under the title of Masterpiece Series, but were retroactively included in the series.[130] Cards in the Masterpiece Series entry for a given block appear in booster packs for that block's sets at a rate lower than that of Mythic Rares, and consist of either reprints, or cards from the set whose packs they appear in. However, they are not considered part of that set, and instead get their own expansion symbol; moreover, as with reprint sets (see below), printing in a Masterpiece Series entry does not affect format legality. Note that entries in the Masterpiece Series do not have expansion codes, except for Zendikar Expeditions, which has code "EXP".

text:
Block/set
Set
Expansion symbol[3]
Release Date
Total Cards
Cards in first set
Cards in second set

Battle for Zendikar
Zendikar Expeditions
Hedron with base
September 26, 2015
45
25
20

Kaladesh
Kaladesh Inventions
Stylized column or letter π
September 24, 2016
54
30
24

Amonkhet
Amonkhet Invocations
Nicol Bolas' head shape
April 28, 2017
54
30
24

text: Compilations/reprint sets[edit]

text: Reprint sets are sets of certain cards from previous sets that were re-released for different reasons. Some reasons include the cards were fan favorites and popular demand brought them back or in some cases, reprints were to commemorate certain events such as widely known matches or anniversary sets. Some reprint sets revolved around a certain theme; for example, Beatdown was themed around old, out-of-print, heavy-hitting creatures. Reprinting a card in one of these sets does not affect when it leaves Standard.

text: Deck Builder's Toolkits are released at the same time as a core set and contain only cards from sets that are legal in Standard at that time; they are not sets as such. These boxed sets therefore have no symbol or code of their own.

text:
Set
Expansion symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Chronicles[XVII]
No specific symbol[XVIII]
CHR
July 1995[131]
125[XVII]
37
43
45
—
—
—

Rivals Quick Start Set
No specific symbol
none
July 1996[132]
Four pre-constructed decks

Multiverse Gift Box
No specific symbol
none
November 1996[133]
Boosters from various sets in various languages

Anthologies
No specific symbol
ATH
November 1998[134]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Battle Royale Box Set
No specific symbol
BRB
November 12, 1999[135]
Four 40-card pre-constructed decks

Beatdown Box Set
A mace
BTD
December 2000[136]
Two 61-card pre-constructed decks

Deckmasters: Garfield vs. Finkel
A stylized letter "D"
DKM
September 17, 2001[137]
Two 62-card pre-constructed decks

Premium Foil Booster
Alara block symbols
none
January 8, 2010[138]
539 foil cards from the Alara block[XXXV]

Duels of the Planeswalkers (decks)
A stylized letter "M" inside a circle
DPA
June 4, 2010[139]
Five 60-card decks

International Sets

Renaissance (French/German)
No specific symbol
none
August 1995[131]
122
51
40
31
—
—
—

Rinascimento (Italian)
No specific symbol
none
August 1995[131]
69
 ?
 ?
 ?
—
—
—

Duel Decks

Duel Decks: Elves vs. Goblins
A stylized axe and bow combination symbol
EVG
November 16, 2007[140]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Jace vs. Chandra
A point-reflected pair of swooshes
DD2
November 7, 2008[141]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Divine vs. Demonic
A halo with horns coming up through its center
DDC
April 10, 2009[142]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Garruk vs. Liliana
A leaf inside a semicircle
DDD
October 30, 2009[143]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Phyrexia vs. the Coalition
Yawgmoth's and the Coalition's symbols combined
DDE
March 19, 2010[144]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Elspeth vs. Tezzeret
Two trapezoids with parts missing
DDF
September 3, 2010[145]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Knights vs. Dragons
A shield in the shape of a dragon in flight
DDG
April 1, 2011[146]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Ajani vs. Nicol Bolas
Nicol Bolas' horns superimposed on Ajani's axe-head
DDH
September 2, 2011[147]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Venser vs. Koth
Two nearly-interlocking zigzags
DDI
March 30, 2012[148]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Izzet vs. Golgari
Combination of Izzet and Golgari symbols
DDJ
September 7, 2012[149]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Sorin vs. Tibalt
Combination of stylized sword and devil horns
DDK
March 15, 2013[150]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Heroes vs. Monsters
Combination axe, helmet, and wings
DDL
September 6, 2013[151]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Jace vs. Vraska
Arcane symbol and gorgon tentacle
DDM
March 14, 2014[152]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Speed vs. Cunning
Winged eye
DDN
September 5, 2014[153]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks Anthology
No specific symbol
DD3
December 5, 2014[154]
Eight 60-card pre-constructed decks - the first four duel decks reprinted

Duel Decks: Elspeth vs. Kiora
Godsend (Elspeth's spear) and waves
DDO
February 27, 2015[155]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Zendikar vs. Eldrazi
Half-hedron and Eldrazi tentacle
DDP
August 28, 2015[156]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Blessed vs. Cursed
Demon wing and half of Avacyn's collar
DDQ
February 26, 2016[157]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Nissa vs. Ob Nixilis
Hedron and horns
DDR
September 2, 2016[158]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Mind vs. Might
Stylized knotwork
DDS
March 31, 2017[159]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Merfolk vs. Goblins
Combined trident and axe heads
DDT
November 10, 2017[160]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

From the Vault

From the Vault: Dragons
Wings of a Dragon
DRB
August 29, 2008[161]
15 limited foil dragon cards

From the Vault: Exiled
An arrow firing diagonally leaving a trail
V09
August 28, 2009[162]
15 limited foil formerly banned cards

From the Vault: Relics
An orb on a stand
V10
August 27, 2010[163]
15 limited foil artifact cards

From the Vault: Legends
A crown[164]
V11
August 26, 2011[164]
15 limited foil legendary creature cards

From the Vault: Realms
Mountain and sunrise
V12
August 31, 2012[165]
15 limited foil land cards

From the Vault: Twenty
Numeral 20 in a circle
V13
August 23, 2013[166]
20 limited foil cards

From the Vault: Annihilation
Stylized bomb or fractured orb
V14
August 22, 2014[167]
15 limited foil cards

From the Vault: Angels
Stylized angel wings
V15
August 21, 2015[168]
15 limited foil cards

From the Vault: Lore
Scroll unrolling to become castle tower
V16
August 19, 2016[169]
15 limited foil cards and one token

From the Vault: Transform
unrevealed
V17
November 24, 2017[170]
15 limited foil double-faced cards

Premium Deck Series

Premium Deck Series: Slivers
A coiled sliver
H09
November 20, 2009[171]
60-card premium foil deck

Premium Deck Series: Fire and Lightning
A flame and lightning bolt
PD2
November 19, 2010[172]
60-card premium foil deck

Premium Deck Series: Graveborn
A human skull
PD3
November 18, 2011[173]
60-card premium foil deck

Masters Series

Modern Masters
A stylized City of Brass
MMA
June 7, 2013[174]
229[174]
101[175]
60[175]
53[175]
15[175]
—
—

Modern Masters 2015 Edition
The City of Brass symbol rotated and then mirrored
MM2
May 22, 2015[176]
249[176]
101
80
53
15
—
—

Eternal Masters
Unusually-shaped hourglass
EMA
June 10, 2016[177]
249[177]
101
80
53
15
—
—

Modern Masters 2017 Edition
Floating "U" over crown
MM3
March 17, 2017[178]
249[178]
101
80
53
15
—
—

Iconic Masters
Stylized letters I and M.
IMA
November, 2017[179]
249[179]
unrevealed

Masters 25
Unrevealed
A25
March 16, 2018[180]
249[179]
unrevealed

Deck Builder's Toolkits

Deck Builder's Toolkit
"M10"
w10
May 21, 2010[181]
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Refreshed Version)
"M11"
w11
March 11, 2011[181]
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (2012 Edition)
"M12"
w12
July 13, 2012
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (2014 Core Set Edition)
"M14"
w14
July 19, 2013
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (2015 Core Set Edition)
"M15"
w15
July 18, 2014
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Magic Origins Edition)
Planeswalker symbol breaking through the horizon
ORI
July 17, 2015
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Shadows over Innistrad Edition)
Star with trail and "16"
w16
April 8, 2016
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Amonkhet Edition)
Star with trail and "17"
w17
April 28, 2017
Box set of 285 cards

(Holiday) Gift Boxes

2012 Holiday Gift Box
N/A
N/A
November 16, 2012[182]
4 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Return to Ravnica (Dreg Mangler), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

2013 Holiday Gift Box
N/A
N/A
November 15, 2013[183]
4 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Theros (Karametra's Acolyte), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

2014 Holiday Gift Box
N/A
N/A
November 14, 2014[184]
4 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Khans of Tarkir (Sultai Charm), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

2015 Holiday Gift Box
N/A
N/A
November 6, 2015[185]
5 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Battle for Zendikar (Scythe Leopard), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

Shadows over Innistrad: The Gift Box
N/A
N/A
May 13, 2016 [186]
5 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Shadows over Innistrad (Ravenous Bloodseeker), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

Kaladesh: The Gift Box
N/A
N/A
N/A
5 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Kaladesh (Chief of the Foundry), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

Event Decks

Modern Event Deck 2014
Three-pronged object
MD1
May 30, 2014[187]
60-card deck, 15-card sideboard

text: Multiplayer-focused sets[edit]

text: Starting with Planechase in 2009, Wizards of the Coast has occasionally printed sets intended primarily for multiplayer play, which do not necessarily consist entirely of reprints but are not legal in Standard; a card printed in one of these is legal only in eternal formats, and reprinting a card in one of these sets does not affect when it leaves Standard. These sets usually consist of fixed decks.

text:
Set
Expansion symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Release date
Size[3][5]
New cards

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Planechase

Planechase
Two circular arcs, the lower with three upper spikes
HOP
September 4, 2009[188]
Four 60-card decks + 40 plane cards
0

Planechase 2012 Edition
Two circular arcs, the upper with three bites removed from bottom
PC2
June 1, 2012[189]
Four 60-card decks and 40 plane or phenomenon cards
21

Planechase Anthology
Two circular arcs, the upper with five upper spikes
PCA
November 25, 2016[190]
Four 60-card decks and 86 plane or phenomenon cards
0

Archenemy

Archenemy
A trident
ARC
June 18, 2010[191]
Four decks, each with 60 cards and 20 oversized scheme cards
0

Archenemy: Nicol Bolas
Nicol's horns with orb
E01
June 16, 2017[192]
Four 60-card decks, four planeswalker cards, and one 20-card scheme deck
0

Commander

Commander
Three prongs symbolizing the "wedge" coloration
CMD
June 17, 2011[193]
Five 100-card decks each with 3 oversized foil Commander cards
51

Commander's Arsenal
3-part gem
CM1
November 2, 2012[194]
28 foil cards (18 regular, 10 oversized)
0

Commander 2013 Edition
3-part gem with hooks
C13
November 1, 2013[195]
Five 100-card decks each with 3 oversized foil Commander cards
51

Commander 2014
Shield-shaped 3-part gem
C14
November 7, 2014[196]
Five 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
61

Commander 2015
2-part shield
C15
November 13, 2015[197]
Five 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
56

Commander 2016
Bisected shield
C16
November 11, 2016[198]
Five 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
56

Commander Anthology
Shield with crown
CMA
June 9, 2017[199]
Four 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
0

Commander 2017
Shield with 4 parts
C17
August 25, 2017[200]
Four 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
56

Conspiracy

Conspiracy
Seal
CNS
June 6, 2014[201]
210[XXXII]
89
68
43
10
—
—
65

Conspiracy: Take the Crown
Seal of the Black Rose
CN2
August 26, 2016[202]
221[202]
90
67
50
14
—
—
80

Other sets

Explorers of Ixalan
Ship's wheel
E02
November 24, 2017[203]
Four 60-card decks and various game components
0

text: Introductory sets[edit]

text: These introductory sets were intended for novice Magic: The Gathering players. They were illegal in sanctioned tournaments until October 2005,[204] when they became legal in Legacy and Vintage.

text:
Set
Expansion
symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Portal[XIX]

Portal
A portal
POR
June 1997[205]
222[XX]
90
57
55
—
20
—

Portal Second Age
A pentagon
PO2
June 1998[206]
165
70
45
35
—
15
—

Portal Three Kingdoms
The Chinese character for the number 3
PTK
May 1999[207]
180
55
55
55
—
15
—

Starter

Starter 1999
A five-pointed star
S99
July 1999[208]
173
63
55
35
—
20
—

Starter 2000
None
S00
July 2000[209]
57[XXI]
39
6
2
—
10
—

text: Sets not legal for tournament play[edit]

text: These sets, though also published by Wizards of the Coast, are not legal for DCI-sanctioned tournament play.

text:
Set
Expansion symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Pre-release date
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Collector's Edition[210]
no symbol[XXXIII]
CED
none
December 1993[211]
363
75
95
117
—
76
—

International Collector's Edition
no symbol[XXXIV]
CED
none
December 1993[211]
363
75
95
117
—
76
—

Astral[XXII]
star with a trail
none
none
April 1997[212]
12
—
—
—
—
—
—

Un-sets[XXIII]

Unglued
A cracked-open egg
UGL
August 7, 1998[40]
August 17, 1998
88
33
22
28
—
5
—

Unhinged
A horseshoe
UNH
November 20, 2004[213]
November 19, 2004[213]
141
55
40
40
—
5
1[XXIV]

Unstable
A wrench with an acorn-shaped hole
UST
unrevealed
December 8, 2017
216-ish[214]
unrevealed

World Championship Decks

World Championship Decks 1999
No specific symbol
none
none
1999[215]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2000
No specific symbol
none
none
2000[215]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2001
No specific symbol
none
none
2001[215]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2002
No specific symbol
none
none
2002[215]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2003
No specific symbol
none
none
2003[215]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2004
No specific symbol
none
none
2004[215]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

text: Magic: The Gathering Online exclusive sets[edit]

text: These sets are exclusive to Magic: The Gathering Online.

text:
Set
Expansion
symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Masters Editions

Masters Edition
A circle and a quarter-circle
MED
September 10, 2007[216]
195
60
60
60
—
15
—

Masters Edition II
A circle and two quarter-circles
ME2
September 22, 2008[217]
245
80
80
80
—
5
—

Masters Edition III
A circle behind two quarter-circles
ME3
September 7, 2009[218]
230
75
70
70
—
15
—

Masters Edition IV
4 quarter-circles forming an hourglass
ME4
January 10, 2011[219]
269
80
72
105
—
12
—

Vintage Masters
Helmet with a V-shaped pattern
VMA
June 16, 2014[220]
325
101
80
105
30
—
9

Tempest Remastered
Arch broken by lightning bolt
TPR
May 6, 2015[221]
269
101
80
53
15
20
—

Magic: The Gathering Online Deck Series

Magic Online Deck Series: Legacy Format
No specific symbol
N/A
November 8, 2010[222]
Two 60-card decks with 15 card sideboards

Momir Vig Basic Event Deck
No specific symbol
N/A
November 22, 2010[223]
Deck with 1 avatar card & 60 basic lands

text: Notes[edit]


document_title: Area codes 801 and 385

question_text: what is the area code for salt lake city utah

text: Area codes 801 and 385

text: Area codes 801 and 385 are area codes in the North American Numbering Plan assigned for service in Salt Lake City and the four surrounding counties of the Wasatch Front in north-central Utah. The numbering plan area covers Davis, Morgan, Salt Lake, Utah, and Weber counties. Besides Salt Lake City, major towns and cities within the area are Alta, Bountiful, Layton, Murray, Ogden, Orem, Provo, Sandy, South Jordan, Spanish Fork, Taylorsville, West Jordan, and West Valley City. This numbering plan area is located in the Mountain Time Zone.

text: Area code 801 was one of the original area codes created in 1947, and covered the entire state of Utah. Area code 385 is an overlay to the same numbering plan area which commenced service on June 1, 2008.

text: On September 21, 1997, numbering plan area 801 was restricted to the Wasatch Front, while the rest of Utah was assigned area code 435. This split was originally intended to be a long-term solution. However, the Wasatch Front is not only home to most of Utah's landlines, but also most of its pagers, cell phones and fax machines. As a result, within only two years 801 was close to exhaustion once again. In 2000, the Public Service Commission of Utah (PSC) approved a split for 801 to take effect in 2001, in which Salt Lake County would have retained the 801 area code and the rest of the Wasatch Front would have been assigned area code 385.[1] Conservation measures, such as number pooling, postponed the split for more than seven years.[2]

text: In July 2007, the PSC announced that the capacity created by the conservation measures would be exhausted by June 2008, finally necessitating the implementation of area code 385. The same announcement stated that 385 would be implemented as an overlay plan, so that the Wasatch Front would be served by both area codes. 385 entered service on June 1, 2008, with a year-long permissive dialing period beginning during which seven and ten-digit calls could be completed. Ten-digit dialing became mandatory along the Wasatch Front on June 1, 2009.[2][3]

text: While the area code 801 is still the predominant area code in the region for land lines, 385 is being adopted quickly by wireless providers.[citation needed]


document_title: Knee effusion

question_text: where does fluid on the knee come from

question_tokens: where does fluid on the knee come from

text: Knee effusion

text: Signs and symptoms[edit]

text: Signs and symptoms of water on the knee depend on the cause of excess synovial fluid build-up in the knee joint. These may include:

text: Pain[edit]

text: Osteoarthritis knee pain usually occurs while the joint is bearing weight, so the pain typically subsides with rest; some patients suffer severe pain, while others report no discomfort. Even if one knee is much larger than the other, pain is not guaranteed.

text: Swelling[edit]

text: One knee may appear larger than the other. Puffiness around the bony parts of the knee appear prominent when compared with the other knee.

text: Stiffness[edit]

text: When the knee joint contains excess fluid, it may become difficult or painful to bend or straighten. Fluid may also show under the knee when straightened. Icing may help to decrease swelling. Heat may help relax the muscles of the knee.

text: Bruising[edit]

text: If an individual has injured his or her knee, he or she may note bruising on the front, sides or rear of the knee. Bearing weight on the knee joint may be impossible and the pain unbearable.bruising may be seen as bluish lesion.

text: Causes[edit]

text: Causes of the swelling can include arthritis, injury to the ligaments of the knee, or an accident after which the body's natural reaction is to surround the knee with a protective fluid. There could also be an underlying disease or condition. The type of fluid that accumulates around the knee depends on the underlying disease, condition or type of traumatic injury that caused the excess fluid. The swelling can, in most cases, be easily cured.

text: Underlying diseases may include

text:
Knee osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Infection
Gout
Pseudogout
Prepatellar bursitis (kneecap bursitis)
Cysts
Tumours
Repetitive strain injury

text: Having osteoarthritis or engaging in high-risk sports that involve rapid cut-and-run movements of the knee — football or tennis, for example — means an individual is more likely to develop water on the knee.

text: In overweight or obese individuals the body places more weight on the knee joint. This causes more wear in the joint. Over time, the body may produce excess joint fluid.

text: Diagnosis[edit]

text: Diagnostic tests include:

text: Joint aspiration[edit]

text: Also known as arthrocentesis, this procedure includes withdrawal of fluid from inside the knee for analysis such as cell count, culture for bacteria, and examination for crystals, such as uric acid or calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate ram crystals found in gout or pseudogout.

text: Imaging[edit]

text: An X-ray is useful to verify that there is no break or dislocation when there is a history of trauma. May show signs of osteoarthritis.

text: MRI[edit]

text: Magnetic Resonance Imaging detects abnormalities of the bone or knee joint, such as a tear in the ligaments, tendons or cartilage.

text: Blood tests[edit]

text: If the knee is swollen and red and warm to the touch when compared to the other knee, a doctor may be concerned about inflammation due to rheumatoid arthritis or a crystalline arthritis, such as gout or pseudogout, or joint infection. Besides sending the joint fluid to a laboratory for analysis, blood tests may requested to determine a white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and perhaps the level of C-reactive protein or uric acid. If blood tests reveal Lyme disease antibodies forming, the condition may be attributed to it.

text: Treatment[edit]

text: Treatment of fluid in the knee depends on the underlying cause of the swelling. General measures such as rest, ice, and analgesics such as acetaminophen (paracetamol) and NSAIDS are often recommended. Chymotrypsin, trypsin and Diclofenac are also recommended.


document_title: WWE Greatest Royal Rumble

question_text: who won the 50 man royal rumble match

question_tokens: who won the 50 man royal rumble match

text: WWE Greatest Royal Rumble

text: Production[edit]

text: Background[edit]

text: Since 1988, the Royal Rumble has been an annual event held by WWE and is typically shown on pay-per-view.[10] The event is highlighted by the Royal Rumble match, a battle royal whose participants enter at timed intervals.[11] The Greatest Royal Rumble included the largest version of the match to date, having a total of 50 participants.

text: On March 5, 2018, WWE and the Saudi General Sports Authority advertised the Greatest Royal Rumble, a live event to be held on April 27, 2018, at King Abdullah International Stadium, part of the King Abdullah Sports City, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.[12][13] The event is a part of a 10-year strategic multi-platform partnership between WWE and the Saudi General Sports Authority in support of Saudi Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia's social and economic reform program.[3][14]

text: On March 19, 2018, WWE scheduled seven championship matches for the event: the WWE Championship, Universal Championship, United States Championship, Intercontinental Championship, SmackDown Tag Team Championship, Raw Tag Team Championship and Cruiserweight Championship were to be defended at the event.

text: As revealed on March 22, 2018, the event was streamed live on the WWE Network.[6] It also aired on traditional pay-per-view in the United States[15] and internationally.[4] The event was also the first WWE pay-per-view to feature Arabic commentary.[16]

text: In the weeks leading up to the event, the WWE held tryouts in Saudi Arabia. From these tryouts, eight were selected to receive training by WWE, which would include an opportunity to earn a spot at the Greatest Royal Rumble event itself.[17]

text: Storylines[edit]

text: The card comprised ten matches that resulted from scripted storylines and had results predetermined by WWE on the Raw and SmackDown brands.[18][19] Storylines were produced on WWE's weekly television shows, Monday Night Raw, SmackDown Live,[20] and the cruiserweight-exclusive 205 Live.[21]

text: On April 9, Brock Lesnar, who had renewed his WWE contract, was scheduled to defend the Universal Championship against Roman Reigns in a steel cage match as a rematch from WrestleMania 34.[22][23] On Raw following WrestleMania, Reigns expressed frustration about not being told about his future matches and opponents, singling out the steel cage match with Lesnar. Reigns alleged that there was a conspiracy against him. Samoa Joe, who had been out with an injury since January, came out and warned Reigns that Lesnar would beat him again.[24]

text: On March 26, WWE scheduled a ladder match between then-champion The Miz, Seth Rollins, Finn Bálor, and Samoa Joe for the Intercontinental Championship.[25] At WrestleMania 34, The Miz lost the Intercontinental Championship to Rollins, thus making Rollins the defending champion.[26] Both Miz and Joe were traded to SmackDown while Rollins and Bálor remained on Raw.[27][28]

text: On March 26, Cesaro and Sheamus were scheduled to defend the Raw Tag Team Championship against The Hardy Boyz (Jeff and Matt Hardy).[25] At WrestleMania 34, however, Cesaro and Sheamus lost the titles to Braun Strowman and 10-year-old Nicholas.[26] The following night on Raw, Strowman and Nicholas relinquished the titles due to Nicholas being a fourth grader. Cesaro and Sheamus demanded their titles back, but Raw General Manager Kurt Angle instead scheduled them to face the winner of the four-team Tag Team Eliminator tournament for the vacant titles at the Greatest Royal Rumble.[24] "Woken" Matt Hardy and Bray Wyatt won the tournament by defeating Titus Worldwide (Apollo Crews and Titus O'Neil) and The Revival (Dash Wilder and Scott Dawson).[27] Cesaro and Sheamus were then traded to SmackDown during the Superstar Shake-up.[28]

text: At WrestleMania 34, The Bludgeon Brothers (Harper and Rowan) defeated The Usos (Jey and Jimmy Uso) and The New Day's Big E and Kofi Kingston in a triple threat tag team match to win the SmackDown Tag Team Championship.[26] On the following SmackDown, The Usos defeated The New Day to earn a title match at Greatest Royal Rumble.[29]

text: A match between John Cena and Triple H was scheduled on March 26.[25]

text: The Undertaker, was originally scheduled to face Rusev in a casket match, the first match of its kind in three years.[30] Due to reasons not entirely clear, Rusev was temporarily replaced by Chris Jericho[31] — this was explained with Rusev's wife Lana complaining about her husband competing in a casket match[32] — but eventually reinserted back into the match. Jericho was restored to his original participation in the Greatest Royal Rumble match.[33]

text: At WrestleMania 34, Jinder Mahal defeated Randy Orton, Bobby Roode, and Rusev in a fatal-four way match to win the United States Championship.[26] Mahal was then traded to Raw and lost the championship to Jeff Hardy and Mahal invoked his rematch clause for the Greatest Royal Rumble.[27] Hardy was then traded to SmackDown the following night.[28]

text: At WrestleMania 34, AJ Styles successfully defended the WWE Championship against Shinsuke Nakamura. After the match, showed his respect to Styles but then attacked him with a low blow and a Kinshasa, turning heel.[26] On April 17, after repeated attacks on Styles by Nakamura, a rematch between the two was scheduled for the Greatest Royal Rumble.[28]

text: On the WrestleMania 34 pre-show, Cedric Alexander defeated Mustafa Ali in the WWE Cruiserweight Championship tournament final to win the vacant title.[34] Two nights later on 205 Live, Buddy Murphy attacked the new champion during his celebration.[35] Murphy was then scheduled to face Alexander for the title at the Greatest Royal Rumble, but he failed his mandatory weigh-in when he weighed 207 pounds, 2 pounds over the 205 pound weight limit. He was then removed from the match and banned from competing on 205 Live until he met the weight requirement.[36] The following week, Kalisto earned a Cruiserweight Championship match at the Greatest Royal Rumble by winning a gauntlet match.[37]

text: Event[edit]

text: Preliminary matches[edit]

text:
Other on-screen personnel

Role:
Name:

English commentators
Michael Cole

Corey Graves

Byron Saxton

Spanish commentators
Carlos Cabrera

Marcelo Rodríguez

Arabic commentators
Faisal Almughaisib

Sultan Alharbi

Jude Aldajani

Ring announcer
Greg Hamilton

Referees
Danilo Anfibio

Jason Ayers

John Cone

Dan Engler

Darrick Moore

Chad Patton

Ryan Tran

Interviewer
Mike Rome

Pre-show panel
Byron Saxton

Jerry Lawler

Jim Ross

Booker T

text: The actual pay-per-view opened with John Cena facing Triple H. During the match, after trading finishers, and reversing each other's finishers, Cena performed an Attitude Adjustment on Triple H, a springboard into the corner turnbuckle, followed and another Attitude Adjustment to pick up the victory. Following the match Cena thanked the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for their hospitality, and expressed excitement over the event.[38]

text: In the following match, Cedric Alexander defended the Cruiserweight Championship against Kalisto. The match ended when Alexander countered a Salida Del Sol attempt into a Lumbar Check to retain the title.[38]

text: Next, the vacant Raw Tag Team Championship was contested between the team of Bray Wyatt and Matt Hardy and the former champions, Cesaro and Sheamus. In the end, Hardy distracted Sheamus, allowing Wyatt to perform a Sister Abigail on him. Hardy and Wyatt then performed a wheelbarrow Twist of Fate on Sheamus to win the title.[38]

text: Jeff Hardy then defended the United States Championship against Jinder Mahal. In the end, Hardy performed a Swanton Bomb on Mahal to retain the title.[38]

text: After that, The Bludgeons Brothers defended the SmackDown Tag Team Championship against The Usos. Harper and Rowan retained their titles after performing a Double Crucifix Powerbomb on Jimmy Uso.[38]

text: Next, Seth Rollins defended the Intercontinental Championship against Finn Balor, Samoa Joe and The Miz in a Ladder match. Near the end of the match, Finn Balor climbed the ladder to unhook the championship, only for Rollins to leap from the top rope onto the ladder and managed to retrieve the title belt before Balor, thus retaining his championship.[38]

text: Later, AJ Styles defended the WWE Championship against Shinsuke Nakamura. During the match, Nakamura resorted to various illegal tactics, such as a Low Blow, increasingly frustrating Styles. In the end, both Nakamura and Styles brawled outside of the ring only for the match to end in a double countout. Post-match Styles performed a Phenomenal Forearm over the top rope on Nakamura.[38]

text: After that, The Undertaker fought Rusev (who was accompanied by Aiden English) in a Casket match. At the end of the match, Undertaker performed a Chokeslam on Rusev and rolled him into the casket. Before he could close the lid, English attacked the Undertaker, who retailiated with another Chokeslam and a Tombstone Piledriver before putting English into the casket alongside Rusev and closing it for the victory.[38]

text: In the penultimate match, Brock Lesnar (accompanied by Paul Heyman) defended the Universal Championship against Roman Reigns in a steel cage match. Lesnar delivered multiple German Suplexes during the match, and both men kicked out of each other's finishing moves. At one point in the match, Reigns tried to escape the cage through the door only for Heyman to slam the door on Reigns. The match ended after Reigns put Lesnar through the cage wall with a Spear, sending it onto the floor. Despite Reigns touching the floor with both feet first, the referee awarded the win to Lesnar, thereby retaining the Universal Championship.[38]

text: Main event[edit]

text: Daniel Bryan and Dolph Ziggler began the 50-man Royal Rumble match as the first two entrants. Bryan survived until the final 3, beating out Rey Mysterio for the longest time spent in a single Royal Rumble match of all time at an hour and sixteen minutes. At the end of the match, Big Cass eliminated Bryan only for Cass to then attempt a Big Boot on Braun Strowman, who ducked and knocked Cass over the top rope to win the match. Strowman also achieved the most eliminations of a single Royal Rumble match at 13, beating out a record previously held by Roman Reigns with 12.[39] Post-match, Strowman received a trophy and the Greatest Royal Rumble Championship.[38]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: WWE had been criticized for holding the event without female wrestlers, who were unable to perform at the event due to the limited rights women have in Saudi Arabia.[40][41] Triple H, WWE's Executive Vice President of Talent, Live Events and Creative, responded to the criticism: "I understand that people are questioning it, but you have to understand that every culture is different and just because you don’t agree with a certain aspect of it, it doesn’t mean it’s not a relevant culture...You can’t dictate to a country or a religion about how they handle things but, having said that, WWE is at the forefront of a women’s evolution in the world and what you can’t do is effect change anywhere by staying away from it....While women are not competing in the event, we have had discussions about that and hope that, in the next few years they will be".[40] Women were in attendance for the event, though only if accompanied by a male guardian.[40] This was a major change from previous events, which were only open to men. Associated Press noted that this is due to "a series of social changes" by the Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman.[42] During the event, WWE aired a promotional video, which included WWE female wrestlers. The Saudi General Sports Authority issued an apology for "indecent material" that aired at the event.[43]

text: In addition to the women, wrestler Sami Zayn did not participate in the event as Zayn is of Syrian descent, and Saudi Arabia has strained relations with Syria.[44]

text: Another subject of criticism was the situation of LGBT rights in Saudi Arabia, as in Saudi Arabia homosexual intercourse is illegal and can be punished by death.[45]

text: Results[edit]

text:
No.
Results
Stipulations
Times[38]

1
John Cena defeated Triple H
Singles match[46]
15:45

2
Cedric Alexander (c) defeated Kalisto
Singles match for the WWE Cruiserweight Championship[47]
10:15

3
Bray Wyatt and Matt Hardy defeated Cesaro and Sheamus
Tag team match for the vacant WWE Raw Tag Team Championship[48]
8:50

4
Jeff Hardy (c) defeated Jinder Mahal (with Sunil Singh)
Singles match for the WWE United States Championship[49]
6:10

5
The Bludgeon Brothers (Harper and Rowan) (c) defeated The Usos (Jey and Jimmy Uso)
Tag team match for the WWE SmackDown Tag Team Championship[50]
5:05

6
Seth Rollins (c) defeated Finn Bálor, Samoa Joe, and The Miz
Ladder match for the WWE Intercontinental Championship[51]
15:05

7
AJ Styles (c) vs. Shinsuke Nakamura ended in a double countout
Singles match for the WWE Championship[52]
14:25

8
The Undertaker defeated Rusev (with Aiden English)
Casket match[53]
9:40

9
Brock Lesnar (c) (with Paul Heyman) defeated Roman Reigns by escaping the cage
Steel cage match for the WWE Universal Championship[54]
9:15

10
Braun Strowman won by last eliminating Big Cass
50-man Royal Rumble match for the WWE Greatest Royal Rumble Championship[55]
1:17:20

(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match

text: Tag Team Eliminator bracket[edit]

text:
First Round
Raw (4/9)

Finals
Raw (4/16)

Championship Match
Greatest Royal Rumble (4/27)

The Revival
(Dash Wilder and Scott Dawson)
Pin[24]

Karl Anderson and Luke Gallows
3:35

Cesaro and Sheamus
8:50

The Revival
5:25

Bray Wyatt and Matt Hardy
Pin[38]

Bray Wyatt and Matt Hardy
Pin[27]

Bray Wyatt and Matt Hardy
Pin[24]

Titus Worldwide
(Apollo Crews and Titus O'Neil)
5:07

text: Greatest Royal Rumble match entrances and eliminations[edit]

text:
Draw
Entrant
Brand
Order
Eliminated by
Time[56]
Elimination(s)

1
Daniel Bryan
SmackDown
48
Big Cass
1:16:05
3

2
Dolph Ziggler
Raw
12
Kurt Angle
0:21:44
2

3
Sin Cara
SmackDown
1
Dolph Ziggler
0:01:18
0

4
Curtis Axel
Raw
2
Mark Henry
0:02:00
0

5
Mark Henry
Free agent
5
Daniel Bryan and Dolph Ziggler
0:03:27
3

6
Mike Kanellis
Raw
3
Mark Henry
0:00:03
0

7
Hiroki Sumi
Free agent
4
Mark Henry
0:00:46
0

8
Viktor
Raw
6
Daniel Bryan
0:00:51
0

9
Kofi Kingston
SmackDown
14
Elias
0:16:34
1

10
Tony Nese
Raw
9
Kofi Kingston and Xavier Woods
0:07:13
1

11
Dash Wilder
Raw
7
Daniel Bryan and Hornswoggle
0:01:26
0

12
Hornswoggle
Free agent
8
Tony Nese
0:01:00
1

13
Primo Colón
SmackDown
11
Kurt Angle
0:05:10
0

14
Xavier Woods
SmackDown
15
Elias
0:09:56
1

15
Bo Dallas
Raw
10
Kurt Angle
0:01:34
0

16
Kurt Angle
Raw
16
Elias
0:07:59
3

17
Scott Dawson
Raw
19
Bobby Roode
0:11:44
0

18
Goldust
Raw
18
Bobby Roode
0:10:04
0

19
Konnor
Raw
13
Elias
0:02:25
0

20
Elias
Raw
41
Bobby Lashley
0:34:04
5

21
Luke Gallows
SmackDown
20
Rey Mysterio
0:09:16
0

22
Rhyno
Raw
25
Roderick Strong
0:16:22
0

23
Drew Gulak
Raw
17
Tucker Knight
0:01:47
0

24
Tucker Knight
NXT
23
Big E
0:10:08
1

25
Bobby Roode
Raw
29
Baron Corbin
0:17:44
2

26
Fandango
Raw
21
Mojo Rawley
0:03:42
0

27
Chad Gable
Raw
24
Apollo Crews
0:08:17
0

28
Rey Mysterio
Free agent
37
Baron Corbin
0:20:25
1

29
Mojo Rawley
Raw
27
Randy Orton
0:08:52
2

30
Tyler Breeze
Raw
22
Mojo Rawley
0:00:16
0

31
Big E
SmackDown
33
Braun Strowman
0:13:59
1

32
Karl Anderson
SmackDown
26
Randy Orton
0:04:25
0

33
Apollo Crews
Raw
28
Randy Orton
0:03:26
1

34
Roderick Strong
NXT
30
Baron Corbin
0:06:00
1

35
Randy Orton
SmackDown
39
Elias
0:10:58
4

36
Heath Slater
Raw
34
Braun Strowman
0:07:38
0

37
Babatunde
NXT
31
Braun Strowman
0:05:53
0

38
Baron Corbin
Raw
38
Randy Orton
0:07:08
3

39
Titus O'Neil
Raw
35
Braun Strowman
0:04:42
0

40
Dan Matha
NXT
32
Braun Strowman
0:02:01
0

41
Braun Strowman
Raw
50 !—
Winner
0:22:14 !0:22:14
13

42
Tye Dillinger
SmackDown
36
Braun Strowman
0:00:29
0

43
Curt Hawkins
Raw
40
Braun Strowman
0:00:20
0

44
Bobby Lashley
Raw
45
Braun Strowman
0:14:38
2

45
The Great Khali
Free agent
42
Braun Strowman and Bobby Lashley
0:00:31
0

46
Kevin Owens
Raw
47
Braun Strowman
0:10:43
0

47
Shane McMahon
SmackDown
44
Braun Strowman
0:08:07
0

48
Shelton Benjamin
SmackDown
43
Chris Jericho
0:04:23
0

49
Big Cass
SmackDown
49
Braun Strowman
0:07:23
1

50
Chris Jericho
SmackDown
46
Braun Strowman
0:03:18
1

text:
By eliminating 13 men, Braun Strowman broke the record of 12, set by Roman Reigns at the 2014 Royal Rumble.
Daniel Bryan broke the longevity record for lasting 1:16:05, previous record held by Rey Mysterio (lasting 1:02:12) at the 2006 Royal Rumble.

text: WWE Greatest Royal Rumble Championship[edit]

text:
WWE Greatest Royal Rumble Championship

The WWE Greatest Royal Rumble Championship belt with default side plates

Details

Promotion
WWE

Date established
April 27, 2018

Current champion(s)
Braun Strowman[57]

Date won
April 27, 2018

Other name(s)

Belt Kingdom Championship

[show]Statistics

First champion(s)
Braun Strowman

Longest reign
Braun Strowman (7001310000000000000♠31+ days)

Heaviest champion
Braun Strowman (385 lbs)

text: The WWE Greatest Royal Rumble Championship, also known as the Belt Kingdom Championship (Arabic: حزام بطولة المملكة), is a professional wrestling championship created and promoted by American professional wrestling promotion WWE and sanctioned by the Saudi General Sports Authority.[58] The current and inaugural champion is Braun Strowman, who was awarded the championship for winning the 50-man Greatest Royal Rumble match at the namesake event.

text: History[edit]

text: On March 5, 2018, WWE and the Saudi General Sports Authority advertised the Greatest Royal Rumble, a live event to be held on April 27, 2018, at King Abdullah International Stadium, part of the King Abdullah Sports City, in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.[12][13] The event was part of a 10-year strategic multi-platform partnership between WWE and the Saudi General Sports Authority in support of Saudi Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia's social and economic reform program.[3][14] The Greatest Royal Rumble Championship was unveiled by WWE on April 27, 2018 during the Greatest Royal Rumble event.[59] The championship was announced on the official website of the Saudi General Sports Authority as the Belt Kingdom Championship.[60] Braun Strowman, the 41st entrant of the 50-man Greatest Royal Rumble match, became the inaugural Greatest Royal Rumble Champion by lastly eliminating Big Cass.[61][62][63]

text: Championship belt design[edit]

text: As with some other championship belts unveiled in 2016, the base design is similar to the WWE Championship, with notable differences.[64] Instead of a large cut out of the WWE logo, the center plate is modeled with Arabic pattern with the WWE logo in the center. Like the WWE Championship belt and other belts introduced in 2016 and 2017, the Greatest Royal Rumble Championship belt features two side plates, both separated by gold divider bars, with removable round sections that can be replaced with the current champion's logo; the default plates feature the official logo of Saudi General Sports Authority which is identical to the national emblem of Saudi Arabia. The plates are on a green leather strap resembling the color of the national flag of Saudi Arabia.

text: Reigns[edit]

text: As of May 28, 2018, there has been one reign, which is the inaugural and current champion, Braun Strowman.

text:
No.
Champion
Reign
Date
Days held
Location
Event
Notes
Ref.

1
Strowman, BraunBraun Strowman
1
April 27, 2018
7001310000000000000♠31+
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Greatest Royal Rumble
Became the inaugural champion by winning the 50-man Greatest Royal Rumble match
[65]


document_title: Purchasing manager

question_text: who is in charge of purchasing in a company

text: Purchasing manager

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: A Purchasing Manager is an employee within a company, business or other organization who is responsible at some level for buying or approving the acquisition of goods and services needed by the company. Responsible for buying the best quality products, goods and services for their company at the most competitive prices, purchasing managers work in a wide range of sectors for many different organizations. The position responsibilities may be the same as that of a buyer or purchasing agent, or may include wider supervisory or managerial responsibilities. A Purchasing Manager may oversee the acquisition of materials needed for production, general supplies for offices and facilities, equipment, or construction contracts. A Purchasing Manager often supervises purchasing agents and buyers, but in small companies the Purchasing Manager may also be the purchasing agent or buyer. The Purchasing Manager position may also carry the title "Procurement Manager" or in the public sector, "Procurement Officer". He or she can come from both an Engineering or Economics background.

text: A Purchasing Manager's responsibilities may include:

text:
seeking reliable vendors or suppliers to provide quality goods at reasonable prices
negotiating prices and contracts
reviewing technical specifications for raw materials, components, equipment or buildings
determining quantity and timing of deliveries (more commonly in small companies)
forecasting upcoming demand.