document_title: The Greatest Showman

question_text: who played dog man in the greatest showman

text: The Greatest Showman

text: Plot[edit]

text: The movie begins with P. T. Barnum and his troupe performing a show at the circus ("The Greatest Show"). As the song continues, the background turns to black, with Barnum singing alone, leading to a flashback to Barnum's childhood where he and his father Philo, a tailor, work for the Hallett family, and he becomes infatuated with their daughter, Charity. Though Charity is being sent to finishing school, Barnum reassures her they will not be separated. The two keep in touch through letters until they meet again in adulthood ("A Million Dreams"), eventually marrying and raising two daughters, Caroline and Helen, in New York City ("A Million Dreams" reprise). They live a humble life; though Charity is happy, Barnum dreams of more.

text: Barnum loses his job as a clerk at a shipping company after the company goes bankrupt. Taking a risky bet, he takes out a large loan from a bank, deceiving the bank into accepting his former employer's lost ships as collateral. He uses this loan to buy Barnum's American Museum in downtown Manhattan, an attraction showcasing various wax models. Initially, sales are slow; on the suggestion of his children to showcase something "alive", Barnum searches for "freaks" to serve as performers for his museum ("Come Alive"). This attracts a large audience despite protests and poor reviews, prompting Barnum to rename his venture "Barnum's Circus".

text: Searching for ways to further his reputation amongst the upper class, Barnum meets playwright Phillip Carlyle and convinces him to join his venture ("The Other Side"). Carlyle is enchanted with Anne Wheeler, an African-American trapeze artist, but he hides his feelings. During a trip Carlyle arranged for Barnum and his troupe to meet Queen Victoria, Barnum meets Jenny Lind, a famed Swedish singer, whom he convinces to perform in America, with him serving as her manager. Lind's first American performance is a rousing success ("Never Enough"). While Barnum gains favor with the aristocratic patrons, he begins to distance himself from his original troupe, refusing to socialize with them. Dejected, they decide to stand against their local harassers ("This Is Me").

text: Carlyle and Wheeler attend the theatre together one night, only to run into Carlyle's parents, who insult Wheeler's lowly status, causing her to leave. Carlyle chases her and tries to convince her that they can be together, but she rejects him despite her feelings towards him ("Rewrite the Stars"). As Barnum takes Lind on a US tour, Charity feels isolated from her husband as she stays home with their daughters ("Tightrope"). While on tour, Lind begins falling in love with Barnum, but when he refuses her advances, she calls off the tour and kisses him at the end of her last show, which is photographed by the press ("Never Enough" reprise). Barnum returns home to find his circus on fire, caused by a fight between the protesters and the troupe. Carlyle, who had tried to save Anne not knowing she had already escaped, is rescued amid the chaos by Barnum but suffers severe burns. Most of the sets and props are destroyed. Word of Lind's cancellation and Barnum's public intimacy also reaches New York, resulting in his mansion being foreclosed upon and Charity taking Caroline and Helen back to her parents' home.

text: Depressed, Barnum retreats to a local pub, where his troupe find him there and persuade him to rebuild the circus. Barnum has an epiphany that causes him to realize the circus was for his friends and family rather than for himself ("From Now On"). Meanwhile, the injured Carlyle wakes in a hospital with Wheeler by his side and they share an intimate moment together.

text: Barnum leaves and finds his estranged wife, and they decide to mend their relationship. Faced with the financial difficulty of rebuilding the circus, the recovering Carlyle steps in, offering to use his earnings from his share of the circus's profits to rebuild it under the condition of becoming partners, which Barnum happily accepts. As rebuilding the circus in its original location would be too expensive, Barnum rebuilds it as an open-air tent circus by the docks. The new, revamped circus is a huge success, and Barnum gives full control of the show to Carlyle so he can focus on his family ("The Greatest Show" reprise).

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Hugh Jackman as P. T. Barnum, an ambitious showman and entrepreneur.

Ellis Rubin as Young P. T. Barnum

Ziv Zaifman provides Young P. T. Barnum's singing voice

Zac Efron as Phillip Carlyle, a playwright who becomes Barnum's partner. He is a composite character partly based on James Anthony Bailey.
Michelle Williams as Charity Hallett Barnum, the wife of P.T. Barnum.

Skylar Dunn as Young Charity

Rebecca Ferguson as Jenny Lind, a famous Swedish singer known as the "Swedish Nightingale".

Loren Allred provides Lind's singing voice.[8][9]

Zendaya as Anne Wheeler, an acrobat, trapeze artist, W.D.'s sister and Phillip Carlyle's love interest
Keala Settle as Lettie Lutz, a bearded lady. She is a composite character partly based on Josephine Clofullia and Annie Jones.
Yahya Abdul-Mateen II as W. D. Wheeler, an acrobat and Anne's brother.
Natasha Liu Bordizzo as Deng Yan, a Chinese blade-specialist.
Paul Sparks as James Gordon Bennett, the founder, editor and publisher of the New York Herald.
Sam Humphrey as Charles Stratton, a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name, General Tom Thumb.
Austyn Johnson as Caroline Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Cameron Seely as Helen Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Eric Anderson as Mr. O'Malley, a former thief whom Barnum employs at his circus.
Daniel Everidge as The Lord of Leeds, The Huge Man.
Caoife Coleman and Mishay Petronelli as the Albino Twins
Shannon Holtzapffel as Prince Constantine, The Tattooed Man.
Luciano Acuna Jr. as Fedor Jeftichew, The Dog Boy.
Danial Son and Yusaku Komori as Chang and Eng Bunker, The "Siamese Twins".
Jonathan Redavid as Frank Lentini, The Three-Legged Man.
Nick Jantz as Jeff Harris, The Juggler
Gayle Rankin as Queen Victoria.
Will Swenson as Philo Barnum, a tailor and the father of P. T. Barnum.
Fredric Lehne as Benjamin Hallett, father of Charity and abusive father-in-law of Barnum.
Kathryn Meisle as Hannah Hallett, mother of Charity and mother-in-law of Barnum.

text: Production[edit]

text: The project was first announced in 2009, with Jackman already set for the title role.[10] In August 2011, Michael Gracey was chosen to direct.[11] In 2013, Fox hired lyricists Pasek and Paul to write the songs.[12]

text: On June 15, 2016, Zac Efron began negotiations to star in the film,[13] and in July 2016, Michelle Williams was cast.[14][15][16][17]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Rehearsals on the film began in October 2016 in New York City, and principal photography began on November 22, 2016.[18][19]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: In December 2017, it was reported that James Mangold, who had worked with Jackman on several projects (including 2017's Logan), had been brought in to serve as an executive producer during the film's post-production. In an interview, director Michael Gracey noted, "There were eight producers on this film, and it was amazing having one of them be a filmmaker."[20]

text: Music[edit]

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul wrote nine songs.[21]

text:
"The Greatest Show" – Hugh Jackman, Keala Settle, Zac Efron, Zendaya
"A Million Dreams" – Ziv Zaifman, Jackman, Michelle Williams
"A Million Dreams" (Reprise) – Austyn Johnson, Cameron Seely, Jackman
"Come Alive" – Jackman, Settle, Daniel Everidge, Zendaya
"The Other Side" – Jackman & Efron
"Never Enough" – Loren Allred
"This Is Me" – Settle
"Rewrite the Stars" – Efron & Zendaya
"Tightrope" – Williams
"Never Enough" (Reprise) – Allred
"From Now On" – Jackman

tag: ol

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack album features eleven tracks performed by the cast. In the United Kingdom, it became only the second album in 30 years to achieve 11 consecutive weeks at number 1 [22] Showman now draws level with Adele's 21 for the longest unbroken run at the UK summit for 30 years. The cast album is now at 465,000 combined units, according to the Official Charts Company, made up of 197,000 physical copies, 107,000 downloads and 35% streaming.[23]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Greatest Showman held its premiere on December 8, 2017, aboard the RMS Queen Mary 2, while it was docked in New York City. The film was then released in the United States on December 20, 2017.[24][25] Like Disney's live-action Beauty and the Beast, a sing-along version of the film was released in the United Kingdom on February 23, 2018.[26] The film had a limited IMAX release on February 2.

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On June 28, 2017, 20th Century Fox released the first international trailer to promote the film. On November 13, 2017, the second trailer was released.[27]

text: On December 17, 2017, Fox televised a live performance of "Come Alive" from Warner Bros. Studios during its live musical special A Christmas Story Live! (which was based on fellow Pasek and Paul work A Christmas Story: The Musical). The number featured the film's stars and a cast of 150 dancers.[28][29]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In the United States, the film was released via digital download on March 20, 2018, and will be released on Blu-ray, DVD and 4K Ultra HD on April 10, 2018.[30] In the United Kingdom, the film will be released first on digital download on April 27, 2018, while Blu-ray, 4K Ultra HD and DVD copies go on sale on May 14. These versions will include the sing-along version, two hours of behind-the-scenes footage and music machine jukebox features.[31]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of March 25, 2018[update], The Greatest Showman has grossed $170.9 million in the United States and Canada, and $236.3 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $407.2 million, against a production budget of $84 million.[3] It is the fourth- and fifth-highest grossing musical ever in North America and globally, respectively, and Deadline Hollywood estimated the film should turn a profit between $50–100 million.[32]

text: In the United States and Canada, The Greatest Showman was released alongside Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle, and was projected to gross around $21 million from 3,006 theaters over its first six days.[33][34] It took in $2 million on its first day and $2 million on its second. Over the three day weekend, it grossed $9 million (for a six-day total of $19 million), finishing fourth at the box office, behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and Pitch Perfect 3.[35] In its second weekend, the film grossed $15.5 million, again finishing 4th at the box office.[36] The weekend-to-weekend increase of 76.3% marked the largest ever for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters, and the fourth biggest ever.[37][38] In its third week, the film dropped 11% to $14 million.[39]

text: The film made $13 million in its fourth weekend and $11 million in its fifth, finishing 4th and 5th at the box office, respectively.[40] The film continued to hold well in its sixth week of release, grossing $9.5 million and returning to 4th place,[41] and again finished fourth in its seventh week, this time grossing $7.8 million (a drop of just 18%).[42] It is the 13th highest-grossing film to never top the American box office.[43]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 204 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Greatest Showman tries hard to dazzle the audience with a Barnum-style sense of wonder – but at the expense of its complex subject's far more intriguing real-life story."[44] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[45] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while it earned a 70% "definite recommend" from comScore.[35]

text: Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review, writing, "The Greatest Showman is a concoction, the kind of film where all the pieces click into place, yet at an hour and 45 minutes it flies by, and the link it draws between P.T. Barnum and the spirit of today is more than hype."[46] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3/4 stars, saying, "With all that corn and cheese and old-timey sentiment, The Greatest Showman ends up scoring some very timely social arguments. P.T. Barnum himself would have approved the dramatic sleight of hand."[47] Steve Persall of Tampa Bay Times gave the film an 'A', and said, "The Greatest Showman is the feel-good movie the holiday season needs,"[48] while William Bibbiani of IGN gave The Greatest Showman a score of 7.9/10, and called the film, "wildly entertaining."[49]

text: Britton Peele of The Dallas Morning News said, "The story is interesting and the beats are well-acted, but it's the musical numbers that make The Greatest Showman."[50] Jackie K Cooper of HuffPost gave the film a score of 10/10 and wrote, "You will be overwhelmed by the music and magic that explode on the screen. The film has a message that should resonate with today's world concerning acceptance and courage."[51] Hugh Armitage of Digital Spy said, "The Greatest Showman is a broad and solid crowd-pleaser. An undemanding spectacle for all the family."[52] Alan Jones of Radio Times called it "A joyously uplifting potpourii of visual resplendence, stylish choreography and solid gold magic, one engineered to approximate the lavish spectacle the movie musical once offered."[53]

text: Sheila O'Malley of RogerEbert.com gave it 3.5/4, stating "The Greatest Showman is an unabashed piece of pure entertainment punctuated by memorable songs."[54] Douglas Davidson of CLTure called the film, "An undeniable spectacle with a infectious soundtrack, a movie that dazzles and delights."[55] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film a 3/4 score, and said, "The film has show-stopping well-choreographed numbers with catchy tunes,"[56] and Calvin Wilson of St. Louis Post-Dispatch called the film "highly enjoyable."[57]

text: Carl Kozlowski of Pasadena Weekly gave the film an 'A', calling it "Groundbreaking & grandly innovative."[58] Sean P. Means of The Salt Lake Tribune gave The Greatest Showman 3.5/4 stars, stating, "A strong cast give emotional power to this romanticized, tune-filled biography."[59] Manuela Lazic of Little White Lies gave it 4/5, saying, "The Greatest Showman deserves to become a Christmas classic. the film's severe romanticism and ridiculous but affecting enthusiasm make it irresistibly life-affirming."[60] Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and called it, "A fantasia of song and dance, a joyous exercise in pure entertainment that is made for the holiday crowd."[61]

text: Conversely, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film a negative review, criticizing the songs and characters and saying "There's idiotic, and there's magnificent, but The Greatest Showman is that special thing that happens sometimes. It's magnificently idiotic. It's an awful mess, but it's flashy. The temptation is to cover your face and watch it through your fingers, because it's so earnest and embarrassing and misguided – and yet it's well-made."[62] In a negative review for The Hollywood Reporter, David Rooney wrote "This ersatz portrait of American big-top tent impresario P.T. Barnum is all smoke and mirrors, no substance. It hammers pedestrian themes of family, friendship and inclusivity while neglecting the fundaments of character and story."[63]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, saying, "How do you cast a virtuoso Hugh Jackman as P.T. Barnum, spare no expense in production values, add a score by Oscar and Tony winners Benj Pasek and Justin Paul and still end up with the shrill blast of nothing that is The Greatest Showman? Ask first-time director Michael Gracey, who cut his teeth on commercials and music videos without ever mastering the crucial knack of building snippets of musical comedy and drama into a satisfying whole."[64] Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the film's failures "are rooted in something deeper: a dispiriting lack of faith in the audience's intelligence, and a dawning awareness of its own aesthetic hypocrisy. You've rarely seen a more straight-laced musical about the joys of letting your freak flag fly."[65]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)

AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards
February 5, 2018
Best Grownup Love Story
The Greatest Showman
Won
[66][67]

Academy Awards
March 4, 2018
Best Original Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[68][69]

Casting Society of America
January 18, 2018
Big Budget – Comedy
Bernard Telsey, Tiffany Little Canfield, Rori Bergman and Patrick Goodwin
Won
[70]

Costume Designers Guild
February 20, 2018
Excellence in Period Film
Ellen Mirojnick
Nominated
[71]

Critics' Choice Movie Awards
January 11, 2018
Best Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[72]

Dorian Awards
February 24, 2018
Campy Flick of the Year
The Greatest Showman
Nominated
[73]
[74]

Empire Awards
March 18, 2018
Best Costume Design
The Greatest Showman
Nominated
[75]
[76]

Best Make-up And Hairstyling
The Greatest Showman
Nominated

Georgia Film Critics Association
January 12, 2018
Best Original Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[77]

Golden Globe Awards
January 7, 2018
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Hugh Jackman
Nominated
[78]

Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
The Greatest Showman
Nominated

Best Original Song – Motion Picture
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Won

Golden Reel Awards
February 18, 2018
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Musical
Jen Monnar, Jim Harrison, Jeff Carson, Peter Myles and Sheri Ozeki
Won
[79]

Guild of Music Supervisors Awards
February 8, 2018
Best Music Supervision for Film: Budgeted Over 25 Million Dollars
Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[80]

Best Song/Recording Created for a Film
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated

Heartland Film Festival
December 31, 2017
Truly Moving Picture Award
Michael Gracey
Won
[81]

Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild
February 24, 2018
Feature Motion Picture: Best Period and/or Character Makeup
Nicki Ledermann, Tania Ribalow and Sunday Englis
Nominated
[82]

Saturn Awards
June 2018
Best Action or Adventure Film
The Greatest Showman
Pending
[83]

Best Costume Design
Ellen Mirojnick
Pending

Best Music
John Debney and Joseph Trapanese
Pending


document_title: Jodi Arias: Dirty Little Secret

question_text: who played jodi arias in the lifetime movie

root

text: Jodi Arias: Dirty Little Secret

text: Production[edit]

text: City Entertainment's Maurer and Witlin originally sold the project to Lifetime (TV network), which began consideration of the film as early as March 2012, eight months before the trial commenced,[2] and began shooting it even as the trial was underway.[3] A March 2013 report by Fox News shared that pre-production and casting were underway at that time, filming was to begin at Los Angeles locations in April, and actress Tania Raymonde had been selected to play the role of Jodi Arias.[4]

tag: p

text: Filming of the project began while the Maricopa County, Arizona trial was still ongoing, and concluded after the trial's May 8, 2013 first degree murder verdict for defendant Jodi Arias.[5] The film's courtroom scenes were shot two days after the trial's conclusion, with portions of the original script rewritten to include key moments excerpted from case's final proceedings.[2]

text: Storyline[edit]

text: The film follows the prosecution's timeline of events, and while some of the film's dialog is taken word-for-word from actual court transcripts, only the last five minutes of the film are dedicated to the courtroom scenes. The bulk of the film revolves around the love affair between Jodi Arias (Tania Raymonde) and Travis Alexander (Jesse Lee Soffer), the man she was convicted of murdering.[6]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tania Raymonde as Jodi Arias
Jesse Lee Soffer as Travis Alexander
David Zayas as Detective Esteban Flores
Leah Pipes as Katie
Zane Holtz as Nick
Tony Plana as Prosecutor Juan Martinez
Debra Mooney as Caroline
Jace Alexander as Boss

Meredith Salenger as Willmott
Jeff Howard as Paul
Makinna Ridgway as Helen
Kimberly Whalen as Angela
Cynthia Addai-Robinson as Leslie
Fernando Aldaz as Guy
Jen Oda as Lab Tech

tag: table

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film met with both mixed and positive reviews from critics, with a score of 53 out of 100 from Metacritic.[7] According to Nielsen Research as reported by Broadway World, in its averaging 3.1 million viewers on its premiere, the "film ranks as this year's #2 original cable movie".[8] Geoff Berkshire of Variety says the movie, while unabashed exploitation, makes no apologies.[9] Randy Cordova of The Arizona Republic says the movie was great, but felt it was too soon to make a film based on the murder.[10] In USA Today, Cordova found that through "smart direction" the film was "better than expected", and praised the lead actor's performances as "sensitive and layered."[11] People offered that the film did not unearth anything new about the murder case but was fine entertainment. They wrote it was "a pretty good film. It's a draw-you-in, sudsy melodrama stocked with guilty pleasures: romance, sex, obsession, betrayal and vengeance."[12]


document_title: List of Olympic medalists in snowboarding

question_text: who won the gold medal in men's snowboarding

question_tokens: who won the gold medal in men 's snowboarding

text: Snowboarding is a sport that has been contested at the Winter Olympic Games since the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.[1] Snowboarding was one of five new sports or disciplines added to the Winter Olympic programme between 1990 and 2002, and was the only one not to have been a previous medal or demonstration event.[2] In 1998, four events, two for men and two for women, were held in two specialities: the giant slalom, a downhill event similar to giant slalom skiing; and the half-pipe, in which competitors perform tricks while going from one side of a semi-circular ditch to the other.[2] Canadian Ross Rebagliati won the men's giant slalom and became the first athlete to win a gold medal in snowboarding.[3] Rebagliati was briefly stripped of his medal by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) after testing positive for marijuana. However, the IOC's decision was reverted following an appeal from the Canadian Olympic Association.[4] For the 2002 Winter Olympics, the giant slalom was dropped in favour of the parallel giant slalom, an event that involves head-to-head racing.[5] In 2006, a third event, the snowboard cross, was held for the first time. In this event, competitors race against each other down a course with jumps, beams and other obstacles.[6]

text: Five athletes have won two medals. Philipp Schoch of Switzerland, Shaun White of the United States and Seth Wescott of the United States are the only double gold medalists.[7][8] Karine Ruby of France and Americans Ross Powers and Danny Kass also won two medals.[9] In the men's half-pipe event, American snowboarders have collected six of nine possible medals, achieving a unique medal sweep in 2002.[10] Overall, the United States won a total of 14 medals, more than any other nation. The Americans and the Swiss collected five gold medals each. As of the 2010 Winter Olympics, 60 medals (20 of each colour) have been awarded since 1998, and have been won by athletes from 14 National Olympic Committees.

text:
Table of contents

Men

Big air • Halfpipe • Parallel giant slalom • Snowboard cross • Slopestyle

Women

Big air • Halfpipe • Parallel giant slalom • Snowboard cross • Slopestyle

Discontinued

Giant slalom (men • women) Parallel slalom (men • women)

Statistics

Athlete medal leaders • Medals per year • Medal sweep events

See also        References        External links

text: Men[edit]

text: Big air[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2018 Pyeongchang
details
Sébastien Toutant
 Canada
Kyle Mack
 United States
Billy Morgan
 Great Britain

text: Halfpipe[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1998 Nagano
details
Gian Simmen
 Switzerland
Daniel Franck
 Norway
Ross Powers
 United States

2002 Salt Lake City
details
Ross Powers
 United States
Danny Kass
 United States
Jarret Thomas
 United States

2006 Turin
details
Shaun White
 United States
Danny Kass
 United States
Markku Koski
 Finland

2010 Vancouver
details
Shaun White
 United States
Peetu Piiroinen
 Finland
Scott Lago
 United States

2014 Sochi
details
Iouri Podladtchikov
 Switzerland
Ayumu Hirano
 Japan
Taku Hiraoka
 Japan

2018 Pyeongchang
details
Shaun White
 United States
Ayumu Hirano
 Japan
Scott James
 Australia

text: Medals:

tag: ul

text:
[show]Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
 United States
4
2
3
9

2
  Switzerland
2

2

3
 Japan

2
1
3

4
 Finland

1
1
2

5
 Norway

1

1

6
 Australia

1
1

text: Slalom[edit]

text: Giant slalom[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1998 Nagano
details
Ross Rebagliati
 Canada
Thomas Prugger
 Italy
Ueli Kestenholz
 Switzerland

text: Parallel giant slalom[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2002 Salt Lake City
details
Philipp Schoch
 Switzerland
Richard Richardsson
 Sweden
Chris Klug
 United States

2006 Turin
details
Philipp Schoch
 Switzerland
Simon Schoch
 Switzerland
Siegfried Grabner
 Austria

2010 Vancouver
details
Jasey-Jay Anderson
 Canada
Benjamin Karl
 Austria
Mathieu Bozzetto
 France

2014 Sochi
details
Vic Wild
 Russia
Nevin Galmarini
 Switzerland
Žan Košir
 Slovenia

2018 Pyeongchang
details
Nevin Galmarini
 Switzerland
Lee Sang-ho
 South Korea
Žan Košir
 Slovenia

text: Parallel slalom[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2014 Sochi
details
Vic Wild
 Russia
Žan Košir
 Slovenia
Benjamin Karl
 Austria

text: Snowboard cross[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2006 Turin
details
Seth Wescott
 United States
Radoslav Židek
 Slovakia
Paul-Henri de Le Rue
 France

2010 Vancouver
details
Seth Wescott
 United States
Mike Robertson
 Canada
Tony Ramoin
 France

2014 Sochi
details
Pierre Vaultier
 France
Nikolay Olyunin
 Russia
Alex Deibold
 United States

2018 Pyeongchang
details
Pierre Vaultier
 France
Jarryd Hughes
 Australia
Regino Hernandez
 Spain

text: Slopestyle[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2014 Sochi
details
Sage Kotsenburg
 United States
Ståle Sandbech
 Norway
Mark McMorris
 Canada

2018 Pyeongchang
details
Red Gerard
 United States
Max Parrot
 Canada
Mark McMorris
 Canada

text: Women[edit]

text: Big air[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2018 Pyeongchang
details
Anna Gasser
 Austria
Jamie Anderson
 United States
Zoi Sadowski-Synnott
 New Zealand

text: Half-pipe[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1998 Nagano
details
Nicola Thost
 Germany
Stine Brun Kjeldaas
 Norway
Shannon Dunn
 United States

2002 Salt Lake City
details
Kelly Clark
 United States
Doriane Vidal
 France
Fabienne Reuteler
 Switzerland

2006 Turin
details
Hannah Teter
 United States
Gretchen Bleiler
 United States
Kjersti Buaas
 Norway

2010 Vancouver
details
Torah Bright
 Australia
Hannah Teter
 United States
Kelly Clark
 United States

2014 Sochi
details
Kaitlyn Farrington
 United States
Torah Bright
 Australia
Kelly Clark
 United States

2018 Pyeongchang
details
Chloe Kim
 United States
Liu Jiayu
 China
Arielle Gold
 United States

text: Medals:

text:
[show]Rank
Nation
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

1
 United States
4
2
4
10

2
 Australia
1
1

2

3
 Germany
1

1

4
 Norway

1
1
2

6
 France. China

1

1

7
  Switzerland

1
1

text: Slalom[edit]

text: Giant slalom[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

1998 Nagano
details
Karine Ruby
 France
Heidi Maria Renoth
 Germany
Brigitte Köck
 Austria

text: Parallel giant slalom[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2002 Salt Lake City
details
Isabelle Blanc
 France
Karine Ruby
 France
Lidia Trettel
 Italy

2006 Turin
details
Daniela Meuli
 Switzerland
Amelie Kober
 Germany
Rosey Fletcher
 United States

2010 Vancouver
details
Nicolien Sauerbreij
 Netherlands
Yekaterina Ilyukhina
 Russia
Marion Kreiner
 Austria

2014 Sochi
details
Patrizia Kummer
 Switzerland
Tomoka Takeuchi
 Japan
Alena Zavarzina
 Russia

2018 Pyeongchang
details
Ester Ledecká
 Czech Republic
Selina Jörg
 Germany
Ramona Theresia Hofmeister
 Germany

text: Parallel slalom[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2014 Sochi
details
Julia Dujmovits
 Austria
Anke Karstens
 Germany
Amelie Kober
 Germany

text: Snowboard cross[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2006 Turin
details
Tanja Frieden
 Switzerland
Lindsey Jacobellis
 United States
Dominique Maltais
 Canada

2010 Vancouver
details
Maëlle Ricker
 Canada
Déborah Anthonioz
 France
Olivia Nobs
 Switzerland

2014 Sochi
details
Eva Samková
 Czech Republic
Dominique Maltais
 Canada
Chloé Trespeuch
 France

2018 Pyeongchang
details
Michela Moioli
 Italy
Julia Pereira de Sousa Mabileau
 France
Eva Samková
 Czech Republic

text: Slopestyle[edit]

text:
Games
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2014 Sochi
details
Jamie Anderson
 United States
Enni Rukajärvi
 Finland
Jenny Jones
 Great Britain

2018 Pyeongchang
details
Jamie Anderson
 United States
Laurie Blouin
 Canada
Enni Rukajärvi
 Finland

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Athlete medal leaders[edit]

text:
Athlete
Nation
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

White, ShaunShaun White
 United States (USA)
2006–2018
3
0
0
3

Anderson, JamieJamie Anderson
 United States (USA)
2014–2018
2
1
0
3

Clark, KellyKelly Clark
 United States (USA)
2002–2018
1
0
2
3

Košir, ŽanŽan Košir
 Slovenia (SLO)
2010-2018
0
1
2
3

Schoch, PhilippPhilipp Schoch
 Switzerland (SUI)
2002–2006
2
0
0
2

Wescott, SethSeth Wescott
 United States (USA)
2006–2010
2
0
0
2

Wild, VicVic Wild
 Russia (RUS)
2014
2
0
0
2

Vaultier, PierrePierre Vaultier
 France (FRA)
2014–2018
2
0
0
2

Bright, TorahTorah Bright
 Australia (AUS)
2010–2014
1
1
0
2

Ruby, KarineKarine Ruby
 France (FRA)
1998–2002
1
1
0
2

Teter, HannahHannah Teter
 United States (USA)
2006–2014
1
1
0
2

Galmarini, NevinNevin Galmarini
 Switzerland (SUI)
2010-2018
1
1
0
2

Samková, EvaEva Samková
 Czech Republic (CZE)
2014–2018
1
0
1
2

Powers, RossRoss Powers
 United States (USA)
1998–2002
1
0
1
2

Kass, DannyDanny Kass
 United States (USA)
2002–2006
0
2
0
2

Hirano, AyumuAyumu Hirano
 Japan (JPN)
2014-2018
0
2
0
2

Maltais, DominiqueDominique Maltais
 Canada (CAN)
2006-2014
0
1
1
2

Kober, AmelieAmelie Kober
 Germany (GER)
2006–2014
0
1
1
2

Karl, BenjaminBenjamin Karl
 Austria (AUT)
2010-2018
0
1
1
2

Rukajärvi, EnniEnni Rukajärvi
 Finland (FIN)
2014–2018
0
1
1
2

McMorris, MarkMark McMorris
 Canada (CAN)
2014-2018
0
0
2
2

text: Medals per year[edit]

text: Numbers in bold indicate the highest medal count at that year's Olympic Games.

text:
Nation
24–94
98
02
06
10
14
18
Total

 Australia (AUS)

–
–
–
1
1
2
4

 Austria (AUT)

1
–
1
2
2
1
7

 Canada (CAN)

1
–
1
3
2
4
11

 China (CHN)

–
–
–
–
—
1
1

 Czech Republic (CZE)

–
–
–
–
1
2
3

 Finland (FIN)

–
–
1
1
1
1
4

 France (FRA)

1
3
1
3
2
2
12

 Germany (GER)

2
–
1
–
2
2
7

 Great Britain (GBR)

–
–
–
–
1
1
2

 Italy (ITA)

1
1
–
–
–
1
3

 Japan (JPN)

–
–
–
–
3
1
4

 Netherlands (NED)

–
–
–
1
–
—
1

 New Zealand (NZL)

–
–
–
–
—
1
1

 Norway (NOR)

2
–
1
–
1
—
4

 Russia (RUS)

–
–
–
1
4
—
5

 Slovakia (SVK)

–
–
1
–
–
—
1

 Slovenia (SLO)

–
–
–
–
2
1
3

 South Korea (KOR)

–
–
–
–
—
1
1

 Spain (ESP)

–
–
–
–
—
1
1

 Sweden (SWE)

–
1
–
–
–
—
1

 Switzerland (SUI)

2
2
4
1
3
1
13

 United States (USA)

2
5
7
5
5
7
31

Year
24–94
98
02
06
10
14
18
–

text: Medal sweep events[edit]

text: These are podium sweep events in which athletes from one NOC won all three medals.

text:
Games
Event
NOC
Gold
Silver
Bronze

2002 Salt Lake City
Men's Halfpipe
 United States (USA)
Ross Powers
Danny Kass
Jarret Thomas


document_title: Premier League

question_text: when did premier league change to 20 teams

question_tokens: when did premier league change to 20 teams

text: Premier League

text: History

text: Origins

text: Despite significant European success in the 1970s and early 1980s, the late '80s marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaster in 1985.[12] The Football League First Division, the top level of English football since 1888, was behind leagues such as Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga in attendances and revenues, and several top English players had moved abroad.[13]

text: By the turn of the 1990s the downward trend was starting to reverse: at the 1990 FIFA World Cup, England reached the semi-finals; UEFA, European football's governing body, lifted the five-year ban on English clubs playing in European competitions in 1990, resulting in Manchester United lifting the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1991, and the Taylor Report on stadium safety standards, which proposed expensive upgrades to create all-seater stadiums in the aftermath of the Hillsborough disaster, was published in January of that year.[14]

text: The 1980s also saw the major English clubs, led by the likes of Martin Edwards of Manchester United, Irving Scholar of Tottenham Hotspur and David Dein of Arsenal, beginning to be transformed into business ventures that apply commercial principles to the running of the clubs, which led to the increasing power of the elite clubs. By threatening to break away, the top clubs from Division One managed to increase their voting power, and took 50% share all television and sponsorship income in 1986.[15] Revenue from television also became more important: the Football League received £6.3 million for a two-year agreement in 1986, but by 1988, in a deal agreed with ITV, the price rose to £44 million over four years with the leading clubs taking 75% of the cash.[16][17] The 1988 negotiations was conducted under the threat of ten clubs leaving to form a "super league", but were eventually persuaded to stay with the top clubs taking the lion share of the deal.[16][18][19] As stadiums improved and match attendance and revenues rose, the country's top teams again considered leaving the Football League in order to capitalise on the influx of money into the sport.[19]

text: Foundation

text: The managing director of London Weekend Television (LWT), Greg Dyke, met with the representatives of the "big five" football clubs in England (Manchester United, Liverpool, Tottenham, Everton and Arsenal) over a dinner in 1990.[20] The meeting was to pave the way for a break away from The Football League. Dyke believed that it would be more lucrative for LWT if only the larger clubs in the country were featured on national television and wanted to establish whether the clubs would be interested in a larger share of television rights money; however, Dyke would later lose out in the bidding for broadcast rights as BSkyB won with a bid of £304 million over five years.[21] The five clubs decided it was a good idea and decided to press ahead with it; however, the league would have no credibility without the backing of The Football Association and so David Dein of Arsenal held talks to see whether the FA were receptive to the idea. The FA did not enjoy an amicable relationship with the Football League at the time and considered it as a way to weaken the Football League's position.

text: At the close of the 1991 season, a proposal was tabled for the establishment of a new league that would bring more money into the game overall. The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17 July 1991 by the game's top-flight clubs, established the basic principles for setting up the FA Premier League.[22] The newly formed top division would have commercial independence from The Football Association and the Football League, giving the FA Premier League licence to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements. The argument given at the time was that the extra income would allow English clubs to compete with teams across Europe.[13]

text: In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse and on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate.[13] This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions; the Premier League would operate with a single division and the Football League with three. There was no change in competition format; the same number of teams competed in the top flight, and promotion and relegation between the Premier League and the new First Division remained the same as the old First and Second Divisions with three teams relegated from the league and three promoted.[19]

text: The league held its first season in 1992–93. It was composed of 22 clubs for that session. The first Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United.[23] The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry City, Crystal Palace, Everton, Ipswich Town, Leeds United, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Middlesbrough, Norwich City, Nottingham Forest, Oldham Athletic, Queens Park Rangers, Sheffield United, Sheffield Wednesday, Southampton, Tottenham Hotspur, and Wimbledon.[24] Luton Town, Notts County and West Ham United were the three teams relegated from the old first division at the end of the 1991–92 season, and did not take part in the inaugural Premier League season.

text: "Big Four" dominance (2000s)

text:
Results of the 'Big Four' during the 2000s

Season
Arsenal
Chelsea
Liverpool
Man.
United

1999–2000
2
5
4
1

2000–01
2
6
3
1

2001–02
1
6
2
3

2002–03
2
4
5
1

2003–04
1
2
4
3

2004–05
2
1
5
3

2005–06
4
1
3
2

2006–07
4
2
3
1

2007–08
3
2
4
1

2008–09
4
3
2
1

2009–10
3
1
7
2

Top four
finishes
11
8
8
11

out of 11

text: One significant feature of the Premier League in the mid-2000s was the dominance of the so-called "Big Four" clubs: Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United.[25][26] During this decade, they dominated the top four spots, which came with UEFA Champions League qualification, taking all top four places in 5 out of 6 seasons from 2003–04 to 2008–09 inclusive. Arsenal went as far as winning the league without losing a single game in 2003–04, the only time it has ever happened in the Premier League.[27] In May 2008 Kevin Keegan stated that "Big Four" dominance threatened the division, "This league is in danger of becoming one of the most boring but great leagues in the world."[28] Premier League chief executive Richard Scudamore said in defence: "There are a lot of different tussles that go on in the Premier League depending on whether you're at the top, in the middle or at the bottom that make it interesting."[29]

text: The years following 2009 marked a shift in the structure of the "Big Four" with Tottenham Hotspur and Manchester City both breaking into the top four.[30] In the 2009–10 season, Tottenham finished fourth and became the first team to break the top four since Everton in 2005.[31] Criticism of the gap between an elite group of "super clubs" and the majority of the Premier League has continued, nevertheless, due to their increasing ability to spend more than the other Premier League clubs.[32] Manchester City won the title in the 2011–12 season, becoming the first club outside the "Big Four" to win since 1994–95. That season also saw two of the Big Four (Chelsea and Liverpool) finish outside the top four places for the first time since 1994–95.[30] In the following five seasons, Manchester United and Liverpool both found themselves outside of the top four three times while Chelsea finished 10th in the 2015–16 season. Arsenal finished 5th in the 2016–17 season, ending their record of 20 consecutive top four finishes.[33]

text: Development

text: Due to insistence by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), the international governing body of football, that domestic leagues reduce the number of games clubs played, the number of clubs was reduced to 20 in 1995 when four teams were relegated from the league and only two teams promoted. On 8 June 2006, FIFA requested that all major European leagues, including Italy's Serie A and Spain's La Liga be reduced to 18 teams by the start of the 2007–08 season. The Premier League responded by announcing their intention to resist such a reduction.[34] Ultimately, the 2007–08 season kicked off again with 20 teams.

text: The league changed its name from the FA Premier League to simply the Premier League in 2007.[35]

text: Corporate structure

text: The Football Association Premier League Ltd (FAPL)[36][37][38] is operated as a corporation and is owned by the 20 member clubs. Each club is a shareholder, with one vote each on issues such as rule changes and contracts. The clubs elect a chairman, chief executive, and board of directors to oversee the daily operations of the league.[39] The current chairman is Sir Dave Richards, who was appointed in April 1999, and the chief executive is Richard Scudamore, appointed in November 1999.[40] The former chairman and chief executive, John Quinton and Peter Leaver, were forced to resign in March 1999 after awarding consultancy contracts to former Sky executives Sam Chisholm and David Chance.[41] The Football Association is not directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the Premier League, but has veto power as a special shareholder during the election of the chairman and chief executive and when new rules are adopted by the league.[42]

text: The Premier League sends representatives to UEFA's European Club Association, the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients. For the 2012–13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United and Tottenham Hotspur.[43] The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League.[44]

text: Competition format

text: Competition

text: There are 20 clubs in the Premier League. During the course of a season (from August to May) each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents', for a total of 38 games. Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank.[45] The three lowest placed teams are relegated into the EFL Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship, together with the winner of play-offs involving the third to sixth placed Championship clubs, are promoted in their place.[46]

text: Qualification for European competitions

text: As of the 2009–10 season qualification for the UEFA Champions League changed, the top four teams in the Premier League qualify for the UEFA Champions League, with the top three teams directly entering the group stage. Previously only the top two teams qualified automatically. The fourth-placed team enters the Champions League at the play-off round for non-champions and must win a two-legged knockout tie in order to enter the group stage.[47]

text: The team placed fifth in the Premier League automatically qualifies for the UEFA Europa League, and the sixth and seventh-placed teams can also qualify, depending on the winners of the two domestic cup competitions i.e. the FA Cup and the EFL Cup. Two Europa League places are reserved for the winners of each tournament; if the winner of either the FA Cup or EFL Cup qualifies for the Champions League, then that place will go to the next-best placed finisher in the Premier League.[48][49]

text: An exception to the usual European qualification system happened in 2005, after Liverpool won the Champions League the year before, but did not finish in a Champions League qualification place in the Premier League that season. UEFA gave special dispensation for Liverpool to enter the Champions League, giving England five qualifiers.[50] UEFA subsequently ruled that the defending champions qualify for the competition the following year regardless of their domestic league placing. However, for those leagues with four entrants in the Champions League, this meant that if the Champions League winner finished outside the top four in its domestic league, it would qualify at the expense of the fourth-placed team in the league. At that time, no association could have more than four entrants in the Champions League.[51] This occurred in 2012, when Chelsea – who had won the Champions League that summer, but finished sixth in the league – qualified for the Champions League in place of Tottenham Hotspur, who went into the Europa League.[52]

text: Starting with the 2015–16 season, the Europa League champion automatically qualifies for the following season's Champions League, and the maximum number of Champions League places for any single association has increased to five. An association with four Champions League places, such as The FA, will only earn a fifth place if a club from that association that does not qualify for the Champions League through its league wins either the Champions League or Europa League.[53]

text: In 2007, the Premier League became the highest ranking European League based on the performances of English teams in European competitions over a five-year period. This broke the eight-year dominance of the Spanish league, La Liga.[54]

text: Premier League clubs in international competition

text: Between the 1992–93 and the 2016–17 seasons, Premier League clubs won the UEFA Champions League four times (and had five runners-up), behind Spain's La Liga with ten wins, and Italy's Serie A with five wins; ahead of, among others, Germany's Bundesliga with three wins. The FIFA Club World Cup (originally called the FIFA Club World Championship) has been won once by a Premier League club (Manchester United in 2008),[55] with two runners-up (Liverpool in 2005, Chelsea in 2012),[56][57] behind Spain's La Liga with five wins,[58][59] Brazil's Brasileirão with four wins,[56][57][60][61] and Italy's Serie A with two wins[62][63] (see table here).

text: Promotion and relegation

text: A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Premier League and the EFL Championship. The three lowest placed teams in Premier League are relegated to the Championship, and the top two teams from the Championship promoted to Premier League, with an additional team promoted after a series of play-offs involving the third, fourth, fifth and sixth placed clubs. The Premier League had 22 teams when it began in 1992, but this was reduced to the present 20-team format in 1995.

text: Clubs

text: A total of 49 clubs have played in the Premier League from its inception in 1992, up to and including the 2017–18 season.

text: Champions

text:
Season
Champions

1992–93
Manchester United

1993–94
Manchester United

1994–95
Blackburn Rovers

1995–96
Manchester United

1996–97
Manchester United

1997–98
Arsenal

1998–99
Manchester United

1999–2000
Manchester United

2000–01
Manchester United

2001–02
Arsenal

2002–03
Manchester United

2003–04
Arsenal

2004–05
Chelsea

2005–06
Chelsea

2006–07
Manchester United

2007–08
Manchester United

2008–09
Manchester United

2009–10
Chelsea

2010–11
Manchester United

2011–12
Manchester City

2012–13
Manchester United

2013–14
Manchester City

2014–15
Chelsea

2015–16
Leicester City

2016–17
Chelsea

text:
Club
Wins
Winning years

Manchester United
13
1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13

Chelsea
5
2004–05, 2005–06, 2009–10, 2014–15, 2016–17

Arsenal
3
1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04

Manchester City
2
2011–12, 2013–14

Blackburn Rovers
1
1994–95

Leicester City
2015–16

text: 2017–18 season

text: The following 20 clubs will compete in the Premier League during the 2017–18 season.

text:
Club
Position
in 2016–17
First season in
top division
Seasons
in top
division
Seasons
in Premier
League
First season of
current spell in
top division
Top
division
titles
Last top
division title

Arsenala, b
7000500000000000000♠5th
1904–05
101
26
1919–20
13
2003–04

Bournemouthb
7000900000000000000♠9th
2015–16
3
3
2015–16
0
n/a

Brighton and Hove Albionb
7000200000000000000♠2nd in the Championship
1979–80
6
1
2017–18
0
n/a

Burnleyc
7001160000000000000♠16th
1888–89
55
4
2016–17
2
1959–60

Chelseaa, b
7000100000000000000♠1st
1907–08
83
26
1989–90
6
2016–17

Crystal Palacea
7001140000000000000♠14th
1969–70
18
9
2013–14
0
n/a

Evertona, b, c
7000700000000000000♠7th
1888–89
115
26
1954–55
9
1986–87

Huddersfield Townb
7000500000000000000♠5th in the Championship
1920–21
32
1
2017–18
3
1923–24

Leicester City
7001120000000000000♠12th
1908–09
49
12
2014–15
1
2015–16

Liverpoola, b
7000400000000000000♠4th
1894–95
103
26
1962–63
18
1989–90

Manchester Citya
7000300000000000000♠3rd
1899–1900
89
21
2002–03
4
2013–14

Manchester Uniteda, b
7000600000000000000♠6th
1892–93
93
26
1975–76
20
2012–13

Newcastle United
7000100000000000000♠1st in the Championship
1898–99
86
23
2017–18
4
1926–27

Southamptona
7000800000000000000♠8th
1966–67
41
19
2012–13
0
n/a

Stoke Cityb, c
7001130000000000000♠13th
1888–89
62
10
2008–09
0
n/a

Swansea Cityb, d
7001150000000000000♠15th
1981–82
9
7
2011–12
0
n/a

Tottenham Hotspura, b
7000200000000000000♠2nd
1909–10
83
26
1978–79
2
1960–61

Watford
7001170000000000000♠17th
1982–83
15
5
2015–16
0
n/a

West Bromwich Albionc
7001100000000000000♠10th
1888–89
81
12
2010–11
1
1919–20

West Ham United
7001110000000000000♠11th
1923–24
60
22
2012–13
0
n/a

text:
Hull City, Middlesbrough, and Sunderland were relegated to the Championship for the 2017–18 season, while Newcastle United, Brighton and Hove Albion and Huddersfield Town, as winners, runners-up and play-off final winners respectively, were promoted from the 2016–17 Championship season.
AFC Bournemouth, Stoke City, and Swansea City are the only clubs to have remained in the Premier League since their first promotion, having played 3, 9 and 6 seasons (out of 26) respectively. Brighton and Hove Albion and Huddersfield Town will make their Premier League debuts in 2017–18 season.

text:
a: Founding member of the Premier League
b: Never been relegated from Premier League
c: One of the original 12 Football League teams
d: Club based in Wales

text: Non-English clubs

text: In 2011, a Welsh club participated in the Premier League for the first time after Swansea City gained promotion.[64][65] The first Premier League match to be played outside England was Swansea City's home match at the Liberty Stadium against Wigan Athletic on 20 August 2011.[66] In 2012–13, Swansea qualified for the Europa League by winning the League Cup.[67] The number of Welsh clubs in the Premier League increased to two for the first time in 2013–14, as Cardiff City gained promotion,[68] but Cardiff City was relegated after its maiden season.

text: Because they are members of the Football Association of Wales (FAW), the question of whether clubs like Swansea should represent England or Wales in European competitions has caused long-running discussions in UEFA. Swansea took one of England's three available places in the Europa League in 2013–14 by winning the League Cup in 2012–13. The right of Welsh clubs to take up such English places was in doubt until UEFA clarified the matter in March 2012, allowing them to participate.[69]

text: Participation in the Premier League by some Scottish or Irish clubs has sometimes been discussed, but without result. The idea came closest to reality in 1998, when Wimbledon received Premier League approval to relocate to Dublin, Ireland, but the move was blocked by the Football Association of Ireland.[70][71][72][73] Additionally, the media occasionally discusses the idea that Scotland's two biggest teams, Celtic and Rangers, should or will take part in the Premier League, but nothing has come of these discussions.[74][75]

text: Sponsorship

text: From 1993 to 2016, the Premier League had title sponsorship rights sold to two companies; Barclays was the most recent title sponsor, having sponsored the Premier League from 2001 through 2016 (until 2004, the title sponsorship was held through its Barclaycard brand before shifting to its main banking brand in 2004).[76]

text:
Period
Sponsor
Name

1992–1993
No sponsor
FA Premier League

1993–2001
Carling
FA Carling Premiership[13]

2001–2004
Barclaycard
FA Barclaycard Premiership[13]

2004–2007
Barclays
FA Barclays Premiership

2008–2016
Barclays Premier League[13][77]

2016–
No sponsor
Premier League

text: Barclays' deal with the Premier League expired at the end of the 2015–16 season. The FA announced on 4 June 2015 that it would not pursue any further title sponsorship deals for the Premier League, arguing that they wanted to build a "clean" brand for the competition more in line with those of major U.S. sports leagues.[78]

text: As well as sponsorship for the league itself, the Premier League has a number of official partners and suppliers.[79] The official ball supplier for the league is Nike who have had the contract since the 2000–01 season when they took over from Mitre.[80]

text: Finances

text: The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10.[81][82] In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues.[83] In 2010 the Premier League was awarded the Queen's Award for Enterprise in the International Trade category for its outstanding contribution to international trade and the value it brings to English football and the United Kingdom's broadcasting industry.[84]

text: The Premier League includes some of the richest football clubs in the world. Deloitte's "Football Money League" listed seven Premier League clubs in the top 20 for the 2009–10 season,[85] and all 20 clubs were in the top 40 globally by the end of the 2013–14 season, largely as a result of increased broadcasting revenue.[86] From 2013, the league generates €2.2 billion per year in domestic and international television rights.[4]

text: Premier League clubs agreed in principle in December 2012, to radical new cost controls. The two proposals consist of a break-even rule and a cap on the amount clubs can increase their wage bill by each season. With the new television deals on the horizon, momentum has been growing to find ways of preventing the majority of the cash going straight to players and agents.[87]

text: Central payments for the 2016–17 season amounted to £2,398,515,773 across the 20 clubs, with each team receiving a flat participation fee of £35,301,989 and additional payments for TV broadcasts (£1,016,690 for general UK rights to match highlights, £1,136,083 for each live UK broadcast of their games and £39,090,596 for all overseas rights), commercial rights (a flat fee of £4,759,404) and a notional measure of "merit" which was based upon final league position.[6]

text: The merit component was a nominal sum of £1,941,609 multiplied by each finishing place, counted from the foot of the table (e.g., Burnley finished 16th in May 2017, 5 places counting upwards, and received 5 x £1,941,609 = £9,708,045 merit payment).

text: Media coverage

text: United Kingdom and Ireland

text:
Matches broadcast in the United Kingdom and Ireland

Seasons
Sky
Setanta
ESPN
BT
Total

1992–1997
60
–
–
–
60

1997–2001
60
–
–
–
60

2001–2004
110
–
–
–
110

2004–2007
138
–
–
–
138

2007–2009
96
42
–
–
138

2009–2013
115
–
23
–
138

2013–2016
116
–
–
38
154

2016–2019
126
–
–
42
168

text: Television has played a major role in the history of the Premier League. The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992 was at the time a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football. However, a combination of Sky's strategy, the quality of Premier League football and the public's appetite for the game has seen the value of the Premier League's TV rights soar.[17]

text: The Premier League sells its television rights on a collective basis. This is in contrast to some other European Leagues, including La Liga, in which each club sells its rights individually, leading to a much higher share of the total income going to the top few clubs.[88] The money is divided into three parts:[89] half is divided equally between the clubs; one quarter is awarded on a merit basis based on final league position, the top club getting twenty times as much as the bottom club, and equal steps all the way down the table; the final quarter is paid out as facilities fees for games that are shown on television, with the top clubs generally receiving the largest shares of this. The income from overseas rights is divided equally between the twenty clubs.[90]

text: The first Sky television rights agreement was worth £304 million over five seasons.[91] The next contract, negotiated to start from the 1997–98 season, rose to £670 million over four seasons.[91] The third contract was a £1.024 billion deal with BSkyB for the three seasons from 2001–02 to 2003–04. The league brought in £320 million from the sale of its international rights for the three-year period from 2004–05 to 2006–07. It sold the rights itself on a territory-by-territory basis.[92] Sky's monopoly was broken from August 2006 when Setanta Sports was awarded rights to show two out of the six packages of matches available. This occurred following an insistence by the European Commission that exclusive rights should not be sold to one television company. Sky and Setanta paid a total of £1.7 billion, a two-thirds increase which took many commentators by surprise as it had been widely assumed that the value of the rights had levelled off following many years of rapid growth. Setanta also hold rights to a live 3 pm match solely for Irish viewers. The BBC has retained the rights to show highlights for the same three seasons (on Match of the Day) for £171.6 million, a 63 per cent increase on the £105 million it paid for the previous three-year period.[93] Sky and BT have agreed to jointly pay £84.3 million for delayed television rights to 242 games (that is the right to broadcast them in full on television and over the internet) in most cases for a period of 50 hours after 10 pm on matchday.[94] Overseas television rights fetched £625 million, nearly double the previous contract.[95] The total raised from these deals is more than £2.7 billion, giving Premier League clubs an average media income from league games of around £40 million-a-year from 2007 to 2010.[96]

text: The TV rights agreement between the Premier League and Sky has faced accusations of being a cartel, and a number of court cases have arisen as a result.[97] An investigation by the Office of Fair Trading in 2002 found BSkyB to be dominant within the pay TV sports market, but concluded that there were insufficient grounds for the claim that BSkyB had abused its dominant position.[98] In July 1999 the Premier League's method of selling rights collectively for all member clubs was investigated by the UK Restrictive Practices Court, who concluded that the agreement was not contrary to the public interest.[99]

text: The BBC's highlights package on Saturday and Sunday nights, as well as other evenings when fixtures justify, will run until 2016.[100] Television rights alone for the period 2010 to 2013 have been purchased for £1.782 billion.[101] On 22 June 2009, due to troubles encountered by Setanta Sports after it failed to meet a final deadline over a £30 million payment to the Premier League, ESPN was awarded two packages of UK rights containing a total of 46 matches that were available for the 2009–10 season as well as a package of 23 matches per season from 2010–11 to 2012–13.[102] On 13 June 2012, the Premier League announced that BT had been awarded 38 games a season for the 2013–14 through 2015–16 seasons at £246 million-a-year. The remaining 116 games were retained by Sky who paid £760 million-a-year. The total domestic rights have raised £3.018 billion, an increase of 70.2% over the 2010–11 to 2012–13 rights.[103] The value of the licensing deal rose by another 70.2% in 2015, when Sky and BT paid a total of £5.136 billion to renew their contracts with the Premier League for another three years up to the 2018–19 season.[104]

text: UK highlights

text:
Highlights programme
Duration
Channel

Match of the Day
1992–2001
BBC

The Premiership
2001–2004
ITV

Match of the Day
2004–present
BBC

text: Between the 1998–99 season and the 2012–13 season, RTÉ broadcast highlights on Premier Soccer Saturday and occasionally Premier Soccer Sunday. During then between the 2004–05 season and the 2006–07 season, RTÉ broadcast 15 live matches on a Saturday afternoon with each match being called Premiership Live.

text: In August 2016, it was announced that the BBC would be creating a new magazine-style show for the Premier League entitled The Premier League Show.[105]

text: Worldwide

text: The Premier League is the most-watched football league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people,[7] often on networks owned and/or controlled by 21st Century Fox (which owns about 39% of BSkyB in the UK). The Premier League's production arm, Premier League Productions, is operated by IMG Productions and produces all content for its international television partners.

text: The Premier League is particularly popular in Asia, where it is the most widely distributed sports programme.[106] In Australia, Optus telecommunications holds exclusive rights to the Premier League, providing live broadcasts and online access (Fox Sports formerly held rights).[107] In India, the matches are broadcast live on STAR Sports. In China, the broadcast rights were awarded to Super Sports in a six-year agreement that began in the 2013–14 season.[108] As of the 2013–14 season, Canadian broadcast rights to the Premier League are jointly owned by Sportsnet and TSN, with both rival networks holding rights to 190 matches per season.[109]

text: The Premier League is broadcast in the United States through NBC Sports.[110] Premier League viewership has increased rapidly, with NBC and NBCSN averaging a record 479,000 viewers in the 2014–15 season, up 118% from 2012–13 when coverage still aired on Fox Soccer and ESPN/ESPN2 (220,000 viewers),[111] and NBC Sports has been widely praised for its coverage.[111][112][113] NBC Sports reached a six-year extension with the Premier League in 2015 to broadcast the league through the 2021–22 season in a deal valued at $1 billion (£640 million).[114][115]

text: Widening gap with lower leagues

text: There has been an increasing gulf between the Premier League and the Football League. Since its split with the Football League, many established clubs in the Premier League have managed to distance themselves from their counterparts in lower leagues. Owing in large part to the disparity in revenue from television rights between the leagues,[116] many newly promoted teams have found it difficult to avoid relegation in their first season in the Premier League. In every season except 2001–02 and 2011–12, at least one Premier League newcomer has been relegated back to the Football League. In 1997–98 all three promoted clubs were relegated at the end of the season.[117]

text: The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments". Starting with the 2013–14 season, these payments are in excess of £60 million over four seasons.[118] Though designed to help teams adjust to the loss of television revenues (the average Premier League team receives £55 million[119] while the average Football League Championship club receives £2 million),[120] critics maintain that the payments actually widen the gap between teams that have reached the Premier League and those that have not,[121] leading to the common occurrence of teams "bouncing back" soon after their relegation. For some clubs who have failed to win immediate promotion back to the Premier League, financial problems, including in some cases administration or even liquidation have followed. Further relegations down the footballing ladder have ensued for several clubs unable to cope with the gap.[122][123]

text: Stadiums

text: This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2015)

text: As of the 2016–17 season, Premier League football has been played in 55 stadiums since the formation of the division in 1992. The Hillsborough disaster in 1989 and the subsequent Taylor Report saw a recommendation that standing terraces should be abolished; as a result all stadiums in the Premier League are all-seater.[124][125] Since the formation of the Premier League, football grounds in England have seen constant improvements to capacity and facilities, with some clubs moving to new-build stadiums.[126] Nine stadiums that have seen Premier League football have now been demolished. The stadiums for the 2010–11 season show a large disparity in capacity: Old Trafford, the home of Manchester United has a capacity of 75,957[127] with Bloomfield Road, the home of Blackpool, having a capacity of 16,220.[128] The combined total capacity of the Premier League in the 2010–11 season is 770,477 with an average capacity of 38,523.[129]

text: Stadium attendances are a significant source of regular income for Premier League clubs.[130] For the 2009–10 season, average attendances across the league clubs were 34,215 for Premier League matches with a total aggregate attendance figure of 13,001,616.[129] This represents an increase of 13,089 from the average attendance of 21,126 recorded in the league's first season (1992–93).[131] However, during the 1992–93 season the capacities of most stadiums were reduced as clubs replaced terraces with seats in order to meet the Taylor Report's 1994–95 deadline for all-seater stadiums.[132][133] The Premier League's record average attendance of 36,144 was set during the 2007–08 season.[134] This record was then beaten in the 2013–14 season recording an average attendance of 36,695 with a total attendance of just under 14 million, the highest average in England's top flight since 1950.[135]

text: Managers

text: Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the ownership of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans.[136] Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro Licence which is the final coaching qualification available, and follows the completion of the UEFA 'B' and 'A' Licences.[137] The UEFA Pro Licence is required by every person who wishes to manage a club in the Premier League on a permanent basis (i.e. more than 12 weeks – the amount of time an unqualified caretaker manager is allowed to take control).[138] Caretaker appointments are managers that fill the gap between a managerial departure and a new appointment. Several caretaker managers have gone on to secure a permanent managerial post after performing well as a caretaker; examples include Paul Hart at Portsmouth and David Pleat at Tottenham Hotspur.

text: The league's longest-serving manager was Alex Ferguson, who was in charge of Manchester United from November 1986 until his retirement at the end of the 2012–13 season, meaning that he was manager for all of the first 21 seasons of the Premier League. Arsène Wenger is the league's longest-serving current manager, having been in charge of Arsenal in the Premier League since 1996.[139]

text:
Winning managers

Manager
Club(s)
Wins
Winning years

 Alex Ferguson
Manchester United
13
1992–93, 1993–94, 1995–96, 1996–97, 1998–99,
1999–2000, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07,
2007–08, 2008–09, 2010–11, 2012–13

 Arsène Wenger
Arsenal
3
1997–98, 2001–02, 2003–04

 José Mourinho
Chelsea
2004–05, 2005–06, 2014–15

 Kenny Dalglish
Blackburn Rovers
1
1994–95

 Carlo Ancelotti
Chelsea
2009–10

 Roberto Mancini
Manchester City
2011–12

 Manuel Pellegrini
Manchester City
2013–14

 Claudio Ranieri
Leicester City
2015–16

 Antonio Conte
Chelsea
2016–17

text:
Current managers

Nat.
Name
Club
Appointed
Time as manager

France !
Wenger, ArseneArsène Wenger
Arsenal
000000001996-10-01-00001 October 1996
7003765900000000000♠20 years, 354 days

England !
Howe, EddieEddie Howe
AFC Bournemouth
000000002012-10-12-000012 October 2012
7003180400000000000♠4 years, 343 days

England !
Dyche, SeanSean Dyche
Burnley
000000002012-10-30-000030 October 2012
7003178600000000000♠4 years, 325 days

Wales !
Hughes, MarkMark Hughes
Stoke City
000000002013-05-30-000030 May 2013
7003157400000000000♠4 years, 113 days

Argentina !
Pochettino, MauricioMauricio Pochettino
Tottenham Hotspur
000000002014-05-27-000027 May 2014
7003121200000000000♠3 years, 116 days

England !
Hughton, ChrisChris Hughton
Brighton & Hove Albion
000000002014-12-31-000031 December 2014
7002994000000000000♠2 years, 263 days

Wales !
Pulis, TonyTony Pulis
West Bromwich Albion
000000002015-01-01-00001 January 2015
7002993000000000000♠2 years, 262 days

Croatia !
Bilic, SlavenSlaven Bilić
West Ham United
000000002015-06-09-00009 June 2015
7002834000000000000♠2 years, 103 days

Germany !
Klopp, JürgenJürgen Klopp
Liverpool
000000002015-10-08-00008 October 2015
7002713000000000000♠1 year, 347 days

Portugal !
Wagner, DavidDavid Wagner
Huddersfield Town
000000002015-11-05-00005 November 2015
7002685000000000000♠1 year, 319 days

Spain !
Benítez, RafaelRafael Benítez
Newcastle United
000000002016-03-11-000011 March 2016
7002558000000000000♠1 year, 193 days

Portugal !
Mourinho, JoséJosé Mourinho
Manchester United
000000002016-05-27-000027 May 2016
7002481000000000000♠1 year, 116 days

Netherlands !
Koeman, RonaldRonald Koeman
Everton
000000002016-06-14-000014 June 2016
7002463000000000000♠1 year, 98 days

Netherlands !
Conte, AntonioAntonio Conte
Chelsea
000000002016-07-01-00001 July 2016
7002446000000000000♠1 year, 81 days

Spain !
Guardiola, PepPep Guardiola
Manchester City
000000002016-07-01-00001 July 2016
7002446000000000000♠1 year, 81 days

England !
Clement, PaulPaul Clement
Swansea City
000000002017-01-02-00002 January 2017
7002261000000000000♠261 days

England !
Shakespeare, CraigCraig Shakespeare
Leicester City
000000002017-02-25-000025 February 2017
7002207000000000000♠207 days

Portugal !
Silva, MarcoMarco Silva
Watford
000000002017-05-27-000027 May 2017
7002116000000000000♠116 days

Argentina !
Pellegrino, MauricioMauricio Pellegrino
Southampton
000000002017-06-23-000023 June 2017
7001890000000000000♠89 days

England !
Hodgson, RoyRoy Hodgson
Crystal Palace
000000002017-09-12-000012 September 2017
7000800000000000000♠8 days

text: Players

text:
Most appearances

Rank
Player
Apps

1
 Gareth Barry
632

 Ryan Giggs

3
 Frank Lampard
609

4
 David James
572

5
 Gary Speed
535

6
 Emile Heskey
516

7
 Mark Schwarzer
514

8
 Jamie Carragher
508

9
 Phil Neville
505

10
 Steven Gerrard
504

 Rio Ferdinand

As of 16 September 2017.[140]
Italicised players still playing professional football.
Bolded players still playing in Premier League.

text: Appearances

text: Ryan Giggs holds the record number of Premier League appearances and he also has 13 Premier League champion's medals, more than any other player.[141]

text: Foreign players and transfer regulations

text: At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland.[142] By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total. In the 2004–05 season the figure had increased to 45 per cent. On 26 December 1999, Chelsea became the first Premier League side to field an entirely foreign starting line-up,[143] and on 14 February 2005 Arsenal were the first to name a completely foreign 16-man squad for a match.[144] By 2009, under 40% of the players in the Premier League were English.[145]

text: In response to concerns that clubs were increasingly passing over young English players in favour of foreign players, in 1999, the Home Office tightened its rules for granting work permits to players from countries outside of the European Union.[146] A non-EU player applying for the permit must have played for his country in at least 75 per cent of its competitive 'A' team matches for which he was available for selection during the previous two years, and his country must have averaged at least 70th place in the official FIFA world rankings over the previous two years. If a player does not meet those criteria, the club wishing to sign him may appeal.[147]

text: Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis.[148] As of the 2010–11 season, the Premier League introduced new rules mandating that each club must register a maximum 25-man squad of players aged over 21, with the squad list only allowed to be changed in transfer windows or in exceptional circumstances.[149][150] This was to enable the 'home grown' rule to be enacted, whereby the League would also from 2010 require at least 8 of the named 25 man squad to be made up of 'home-grown players'.[149]

text: Player wages and transfer fees

text: There is no team or individual salary cap in the Premier League. As a result of the increasingly lucrative television deals, player wages rose sharply following the formation of the Premier League when the average player wage was £75,000 per year.[151] The average salary stands at £1.1 million as of the 2008–09 season.[152] As of 2015, average salaries in the Premier League are higher than for any other football league in the world.[153]

text: The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million.[154] The record rose steadily in the Premier League's first few seasons, until Alan Shearer made a record breaking £15 million move to Newcastle United in 1996.[154] All three of the most expensive transfers in the history of the league highest transfer in the sport's history had a Premier League club on the selling or buying end, with Juventus selling Paul Pogba to Manchester United in August 2016 for a fee of £89 million, Tottenham Hotspur selling Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for £85 million in 2013,[155] Manchester United's sale of Cristiano Ronaldo to Real Madrid for £80 million in 2009,[156] and Liverpool selling Luis Suárez to Barcelona for £75 million in 2014.[157]

text: Top scorers

text:
Rank
Name
Years
Goals
Apps
Ratio

1
 Alan Shearer
1992–2006
260
441
0.59

2
 Wayne Rooney
2002–
200
463
0.43

3
 Andrew Cole
1992–2008
187
414
0.45

4
 Frank Lampard
1995–2015
177
609
0.29

5
 Thierry Henry
1999–2007, 2012
175
258
0.68

6
 Robbie Fowler
1993–2009
163
379
0.43

7
 Jermain Defoe
2001–2003, 2004–2014, 2015–
159
472
0.34

8
 Michael Owen
1996–2004, 2005–13
150
326
0.46

9
 Les Ferdinand
1992–2005
149
351
0.42

10
 Teddy Sheringham
1992–2007
146
418
0.35

text:
Italics denotes players still playing professional football,
Bold denotes players still playing in the Premier League.

text: The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260.[159] Twenty-five players have reached the 100-goal mark.[160] Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 different players from 10 different clubs have won or shared the top scorers title.[161] Thierry Henry won his fourth overall scoring title by scoring 27 goals in the 2005–06 season. Andrew Cole and Alan Shearer hold the record for most goals in a season (34) – for Newcastle and Blackburn respectively.[162] Ryan Giggs of Manchester United holds the record for scoring goals in consecutive seasons, having scored in the first 21 seasons of the league.[163]

text: Awards

text: Trophy

text: The Premier League maintains two trophies – the genuine trophy (held by the reigning champions) and a spare replica. Two trophies are held in the event that two different clubs could win the League on the final day of the season.[164] In the rare event that more than two clubs are vying for the title on the final day of the season – then a replica won by a previous club is used.[165]

text: The current Premier League trophy was created by Royal Jewellers Asprey of London. It consists of a trophy with a golden crown and a malachite plinth base. The plinth weighs 33 pounds (15 kg) and the trophy weighs 22 pounds (10.0 kg).[166] The trophy and plinth are 76 cm (30 in) tall, 43 cm (17 in) wide and 25 cm (9.8 in) deep.[167]

text: Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt, while its plinth is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone. The plinth has a silver band around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. Malachite's green colour is also representative of the green field of play.[167] The design of the trophy is based on the heraldry of Three Lions that is associated with English football. Two of the lions are found above the handles on either side of the trophy – the third is symbolised by the captain of the title-winning team as he raises the trophy, and its gold crown, above his head at the end of the season.[168] The ribbons that drape the handles are presented in the team colours of the league champions that year.

text: In 2004, a special gold version of the trophy was commissioned to commemorate Arsenal winning the title without a single defeat.[169]

text: Player and manager awards

text: In addition to the winner's trophy and the individual winner's medals awarded to players, the Premier League also awards the monthly Manager of the Month and Player of the Month awards,[170] as well as annual awards for Manager of the Season,[171] Player of the Season,[172] Golden Boot and the Golden Glove awards.[173]

text: 20 Seasons Awards

text: In 2012, the Premier League celebrated its second decade by holding the 20 Seasons Awards:[174]

text:
Fantasy Team of the 20 Seasons

Panel Choice: Peter Schmeichel, Gary Neville, Tony Adams, Rio Ferdinand, Ashley Cole, Cristiano Ronaldo, Roy Keane, Paul Scholes, Ryan Giggs, Thierry Henry, Alan Shearer
Public Vote: Peter Schmeichel, Gary Neville, Tony Adams, Nemanja Vidić, Ashley Cole, Cristiano Ronaldo, Steven Gerrard, Paul Scholes, Ryan Giggs, Thierry Henry, Alan Shearer

text:
Best Manager: Sir Alex Ferguson
Best Player: Ryan Giggs
Most Appearances: Ryan Giggs (598)
Top Goalscorer: Alan Shearer (260)
Most Clean Sheets: David James (173)
500 Club: Ryan Giggs, David James, Gary Speed, Frank Lampard, Emile Heskey, and Sol Campbell.
Best Goal: Wayne Rooney, 12 February 2011, Man. United vs Man. City
Best Save: Craig Gordon, 18 December 2010, Sunderland vs Bolton
Best Team: 2003–04 Arsenal


document_title: Kashi Vishwanath Temple

question_text: who built kashi vishwanath mandir in 16th century

text: Kashi Vishwanath Temple

text: History[edit]

text: The temple has been mentioned in the Puranas including the Kashi Khanda (section) of Skanda Purana. The original Vishwanath temple was destroyed by the army of Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1194 CE, when he defeated the Raja of Kannauj as a commander of Mohammad Ghori. The temple was rebuilt by a Gujarati merchant during the reign of Delhi's Sultan Iltutmish (1211-1266 CE). It was demolished again during the rule of either Hussain Shah Sharqi (1447-1458) or Sikandar Lodhi (1489-1517). Raja Man Singh built the temple during Mughal emperor Akbar's rule, but orthodox Hindus boycotted it as he had let the Mughals marry within his family. Raja Todar Mal further re-built the temple with Akbar's funding at its original site in 1585.[3]

text: In 1669 CE, Emperor Aurangzeb destroyed the temple and built the Gyanvapi Mosque in its place.[4] The remains of the erstwhile temple can be seen in the foundation, the columns and at the rear part of the mosque.[5]

text:
Gyanvapi Mosque, sketched as Temple of Vishveshvur in 1834 by James Prinsep

Plan of the Ancient Temple of Vishveshvur, by James Prinsep[6]

text: In 1742, the Maratha ruler Malhar Rao Holkar made a plan to demolish the mosque and reconstruct Vishweshwar temple at the site. However, his plan did not materialize, partially because of intervention by the Nawabs of Lucknow, who controlled the territory.[7]:2 Around 1750, the Maharaja of Jaipur commissioned a survey of the land around the site, with the objective of purchasing land to rebuild the Kashi Vishwanath temple.[7]:85 However, his plan to rebuild the temple did not materialize either. In 1780, Malhar Rao's daughter-in-law Ahilyabai Holkar constructed the present temple adjacent to the mosque. In 1828, Baiza Bai, widow of the Maratha ruler Daulat Rao Scindhia of Gwalior State, built a low-roofed colonnade with over 40 pillars in the Gyan Vapi precinct.[8] During 1833-1840 CE, the boundary of Gyanvapi Well, the ghats and other nearby temples were constructed.A 7-feet high stone statue of Nandi bull, gifted by the Raja of Nepal lies to the east of the colonnade. Many noble families from various ancestral kingdoms of Indian subcontinent and their prior establishments make generous contributions for the operations of the temple. In 1841, the Bhosales of Nagpur donated silver to the temple. In 1835, Maharaja Ranjit Singh donated 1 tonne of gold for plating the temple's dome.[7]:200[9]

text: The temple was managed by a hereditary group of pandas or mahants. After the death of Mahant Devi Dutt, a dispute arose among his successors. In 1900, his brother-in-law Pandit Visheshwar Dayal Tewari filed a lawsuit, which resulted in him being declared the head priest.[10]

text: Legend[edit]

text: As per Shiva Purana, once Brahma (the Hindu God of creation) and Vishnu (the Hindu God of Harmony) had an argument in terms of supremacy of creation.[11] To test them, Shiva pierced the three worlds as a huge endless pillar of light, the jyotirlinga. Vishnu and Brahma split their ways to downwards and upwards respectively to find the end of the light in either directions. Brahma lied that he found out the end, while Vishnu conceded his defeat. Shiva appeared as a second pillar of light and cursed Brahma that he would have no place in ceremonies while Vishnu would be worshiped till the end of eternity. The jyotirlinga is the supreme partless reality, out of which Shiva partly appears. The jyothirlinga shrines, thus are places where Shiva appeared as a fiery column of light.[12][13] There are 64 forms of Shiva, not to be confused with Jyotirlingas. Each of the twelve jyothirlinga sites take the name of the presiding deity - each considered different manifestation of Shiva.[14] At all these sites, the primary image is lingam representing the beginningless and endless Stambha pillar, symbolizing the infinite nature of Shiva.[14][15][16] The twelve jyothirlinga are Somnath in Gujarat, Mallikarjuna at Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh, Mahakaleswar at Ujjain in Madhya Pradesh, Omkareshwar in Madhya Pradesh, Kedarnath in Himalayas, Bhimashankar in Maharashtra, Viswanath at Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, Triambakeshwar in Maharashtra, Vaidyanath Jyotirlinga, Deogarh in Deoghar, Jharkhand, Nageswar at Dwarka in Gujarat, Rameshwar at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu and Grishneshwar at Aurangabad in Maharashtra.[11][17]

text: The Manikarnika Ghat on the banks of Ganges near to the Kashi Vishwanath Temple is considered as a Shakti Peetha, a revered place of worship for the Shaktism sect. The Daksha Yaga, a Shaivite literature is considered as an important literature which is the story about the origin of Shakti Peethas.[18]

text: The temple structure[edit]

text: The temple complex consists of a series of smaller shrines, located in a small lane called the Vishwanatha Galli, near the river. The linga of the main deity at the shrine is 60 cm tall and 90 cm in circumference housed in a silver altar.[19] The main temple is quadrangle and is surrounded by shrines of other gods. There are small temples for Kaalbhairav, Dhandapani, Avimukteshwara, Vishnu, Vinayaka, Sanishwara, Virupaksha and Virupaksh Gauri in the complex. There is a small well in the temple called the Jnana Vapi also spelled as Gyaan vapi (the wisdom well). The Jnana Vapi well sites to the north of the main temple and it is believed that the Jyotirlinga was hidden in the well to protect it at the time of invasion. It is said that the main priest of the temple jumped in the well with the Shiv Ling in order to protect the Jyotirlinga from invaders.

text: According to the structure of the temple, there is a Sabha Griha or Congregation Hall leading to the inner Garbha Griha or Sanctum Sanctorum. The venerable Jyotirlinga is a dark brown colored stone which is enshrined in the Sanctum, placed on a silver platform. Structure of the Mandir is composed of three parts. The first compromises a spire on the Mandir of Lord Vishwanath or Mahadeva. The second is gold dome and the third is the gold spire atop Lord Vishwanath carrying a flag and a trident.

text: The Kashi Vishwanath temple receives around 3,000 visitors every day. On certain occasions the numbers reach 1,000,000 and more. Noteworthy about the temple is 15.5 metre high gold spire and gold dome. There are three domes each made up of pure gold.

text: Importance of the temple[edit]

text: Located on the banks of the holy Ganges, Varanasi is regarded among the holiest of the Hindu cities. The Kashi Vishwanath temple is widely recognized as one of the most important places of worship in Hindu religion. Inside the Kashi Vishvanath Temple is the Jyotirlinga of Shiva, Vishveshvara or Vishvanath. The Vishveshvara Jyotirlinga has a very special and unique significance in the spiritual history of India.

text: Many leading saints, including Adi Sankaracharya, Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Swami Vivekananda, Bamakhyapa, Goswami Tulsidas, Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Sathya Sai Baba and Gurunanak have visited the site.[20] A visit to the temple and a bath in the river Ganges is one of many methods believed to lead one on a path to Moksha (liberation). Thus, Hindus from all over the world try to visit the place at least once in their lifetime. There is also a tradition that one should give up at least one desire after a pilgrimage the temple, and the pilgrimage would also include a visit to the temple at Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu in Southern India, where people take water samples of the Ganges to perform prayer at the temple and bring back sand from near that temple. Because of the immense popularity and holiness of Kashi Vishwanath temple, hundreds of temples across India have been built in the same architectural style. Many legends record that the true devotee achieves freedom from death and saṃsāra by the worship of Shiva, Shiva's devotees on death being directly taken to his abode on Mount Kailash by his messengers and not to Yama. The superiority of Shiva and his victory over his own nature—Shiva is himself identified with death—is also stated. There is a popular belief that Shiva himself blows the mantra of salvation into the ears of people who die naturally at the Vishwanath temple.

text: Puja details[edit]

text: There are 5 aartis of Shree Kashi Vishwanath:

text:
. Mangala Aarti :- 3.00 - 4.00 (Morning).
. Bhoga Aarti :- 11.15 to 12.20 (Day).
. Sandhya Aarti :- 7.00 to 8.15 (Evening).
. Shringara Aarti :- 9.00 to 10.15 (Night).
. Shayana Aarti :- 10.30-11.00 (Night).

text: Security arrangements do not allow any cell phones, camera, belts with metal buckle, cigarettes, lighters, etc. inside the temple.