document_title: United States presidential election, 1896

question_text: who did the populist party support in the 1896 election

question_tokens: who did the populist party support in the 1896 election

text: United States presidential election, 1896

text: Nominations[edit]

text: Republican Party nomination[edit]

text:
Republican Party Ticket, 1896

William McKinley
Garret Hobart

for President
for Vice President

39th
Governor of Ohio
(1892–1896)
President of the
New Jersey Senate
(1881–1882)

Campaign

text: Republican Candidates gallery[edit]

text:
Former Governor
William McKinley
of Ohio

Speaker
Thomas Brackett Reed
from Maine

Senator
Matthew S. Quay
from Pennsylvania

Governor
Levi P. Morton
of New York,
former Vice President

Senator
William B. Allison
from Iowa

text: At their convention in St. Louis, Missouri, held between June 16 and 18, 1896, the Republicans nominated William McKinley for president and New Jersey's Garret Hobart for vice-president. McKinley had just vacated the office of Governor of Ohio. Both candidates were easily nominated on first ballots.

text: McKinley's campaign manager, a wealthy and talented Ohio businessman named Mark Hanna, visited the leaders of large corporations and major banks after the Republican Convention to raise funds for the campaign. Given that many businessmen and bankers were terrified of Bryan's populist rhetoric and demand for the end of the gold standard, Hanna had few problems in raising record amounts of money. In the end, Hanna raised a staggering $3.5 million for the campaign and outspent the Democrats by an estimated 5-to-1 margin. This sum would be equivalent to approximately $85 million, according to the inflation calculator of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Major McKinley was the last veteran of the American Civil War to be nominated for president by either major party.

text:
Presidential Ballot

William McKinley
661.5

Thomas Brackett Reed
84.5

Matthew S. Quay
61.5

Levi P. Morton
58

William B. Allison
35.5

James D. Cameron
1

text:
Vice Presidential Ballot

Garret A. Hobart
523.5

H. Clay Evans
287.5

Morgan Bulkeley
39

James A. Walker
24

Charles W. Lippitt
8

Thomas Brackett Reed
3

Chauncey Depew
3

John Mellen Thurston
2

Frederick Dent Grant
2

Levi P. Morton
1

text: Democratic Party nomination[edit]

text:
Democratic Party Ticket, 1896

William Jennings Bryan
Arthur Sewall

for President
for Vice President

Former U.S. Representative
for Nebraska's 1st
(1891–1895)
Director of the
Maine Central Railroad

Campaign

text: Democratic Candidates gallery[edit]

text:
Representative
William Jennings Bryan
from Nebraska

Representative
Richard P. Bland
from Missouri

Governor
Robert E. Pattison
of Pennsylvania

Senator
Joseph Blackburn
from Kentucky

Governor
Horace Boies
of Iowa

John R. McLean
from Ohio

Governor
Claude Matthews
of Indiana

Governor
Sylvester Pennoyer
of Oregon

text: One month after McKinley's nomination, supporters of silver-backed currency took control of the Democratic convention held in Chicago on July 7–11. Most of the Southern and Western delegates were committed to implementing the "free silver" ideas of the Populist Party. The convention repudiated President Cleveland's gold standard policies and then repudiated Cleveland himself. This, however, left the convention wide open: there was no obvious successor to Cleveland. A two-thirds vote was required for the nomination and the silverites had it in spite of the extreme regional polarization of the delegates. In a test vote on an anti-silver measure, the Eastern states (from Maryland to Maine), with 28% of the delegates, voted 96% in favor. The other delegates voted 91% against, so the silverites could count on a majority of 67% of the delegates.[3]

text: An attorney, former congressman, and unsuccessful Senate candidate named William Jennings Bryan filled the void. A superb orator, Bryan hailed from Nebraska and spoke for the farmers who were suffering from the economic depression following the Panic of 1893. At the convention, Bryan delivered one of the greatest political speeches in American history, the "Cross of Gold" Speech. Bryan presented a passionate defense of farmers and factory workers struggling to survive the economic depression, and he attacked big-city business owners and leaders as the cause of much of their suffering. He called for reform of the monetary system, an end to the gold standard, and government relief efforts for farmers and others hurt by the economic depression. Bryan's speech was so dramatic that after he had finished many delegates carried him on their shoulders around the convention hall. The speech united the convention delegates and earned Bryan their presidential nomination. He defeated his closest competitor, former Congressman Richard "Silver Dick" Bland by a 3-to-1 margin. Arthur Sewall, a wealthy shipbuilder from Maine, was chosen as the vice-presidential nominee. It was felt that Sewall's wealth might encourage him to help pay some campaign expenses. At just 36 years of age, Bryan was only a year older than the minimum age required by the Constitution to be president. Bryan remains the youngest person ever nominated by a major party for president.

text:
[show](1-5)
Presidential Ballot

1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Unanimous

William J. Bryan
137
197
219
280
652
930

Richard P. Bland
235
281
291
241
11

Robert E. Pattison
97
100
97
97
95

Joseph Blackburn
82
41
27
27
0

Horace Boies
67
37
36
33
0

John R. McLean
54
53
54
46
0

Claude Matthews
37
34
34
36
0

Benjamin Tillman
17
0
0
0
0

Adlai E. Stevenson
6
10
9
8
8

Sylvester Pennoyer
8
8
0
0
0

Henry M. Teller
8
8
0
0
0

William E. Russell
2
0
0
0
0

David B. Hill
1
1
1
1
1

James E. Campbell
1
0
0
0
0

David Turpie
0
0
0
0
1

Blank
178
160
162
161
162

text:
[show](1-5)
Vice Presidential Ballot

1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Unanimous

Arthur Sewall
100
37
97
261
568
930

John R. McLean
111
158
210
298
32

Richard P. Bland
62
294
255
0
0

Joseph C. Sibley
163
113
50
0
0

George F. Williams
76
16
15
9
9

John W. Daniel
11
0
6
54
36

Walter Clark
50
22
22
46
22

James R. Williams
22
13
0
0
0

William F. Harrity
19
21
19
11
11

Joseph Blackburn
20
0
0
0
0

Horace Boies
20
0
0
0
0

J. Hamilton Lewis
11
0
0
0
0

Robert E. Pattison
2
1
1
1
1

George W. Fithian
1
0
0
0
0

Henry M. Teller
1
0
0
0
0

Stephen M. White
1
0
0
0
0

Blank
260
255
255
250
251

text: National Democratic Party nomination[edit]

text: National Democratic candidates

text: Gold Democrat Candidates gallery[edit]

text:
Senator
John M. Palmer
from Illinois

Ambassador
Edward S. Bragg

Senator
William Freeman Vilas
from Wisconsin

President
Grover Cleveland

Treasury Secretary
John G. Carlisle

Agriculture Secretary
Julius Sterling Morton

Postmaster General
William Lyne Wilson

Representative
Henry Watterson
from Kentucky

text: The pro-gold Democrats reacted to Bryan's nomination with a mixture of anger, desperation, and confusion. A number of pro-gold Bourbon Democrats urged a "bolt" and the formation of a third party. In response, a hastily arranged assembly on July 24 organized the National Democratic Party. A follow-up meeting in August scheduled a nominating convention for September in Indianapolis and issued an appeal to fellow Democrats. In this document, the National Democratic Party portrayed itself as the legitimate heir to Presidents Jefferson, Jackson, and Cleveland.

text: Delegates from forty-one states gathered at the National Democratic Party's national nominating convention in Indianapolis on September 2. Some delegates planned to nominate Cleveland, but they relented after a telegram arrived stating that he would not accept. Senator William Freeman Vilas from Wisconsin, the main drafter of the National Democratic Party's platform, was a favorite of the delegates. However, Vilas refused to run as the party's sacrificial lamb. The choice instead was John M. Palmer, a 79-year-old former Senator from Illinois.[4] Simon Bolivar Buckner, a 73-year-old former governor of Kentucky, was nominated by acclamation for vice-president. The ticket, symbolic of post-Civil War reconciliation, featured the oldest combined age of the candidates in American history.

text: Despite their advanced ages, Palmer and Buckner embarked on a busy speaking tour, including visits to most major cities in the East. This won them considerable respect from the party faithful, although some found it hard to take the geriatric campaigning seriously. "You would laugh yourself sick could you see old Palmer," wrote lawyer Kenesaw Mountain Landis. "He has actually gotten it into his head he is running for office."[5] The Palmer ticket was considered to be a vehicle to elect McKinley for some Gold Democrats, such as William Collins Whitney and Abram Hewitt, the treasurer of the National Democratic Party, and they received quiet financial support from Mark Hanna. Palmer himself said at a campaign stop that if "this vast crowd casts its vote for William McKinley next Tuesday, I shall charge them with no sin."[6] There was even some cooperation with the Republican Party, especially in finances. The Republicans hoped that Palmer could draw enough Democratic votes from Bryan to tip marginal Midwestern and border states into McKinley's column. In a private letter, Hewitt underscored the "entire harmony of action" between both parties in standing against Bryan.[7]

text: However, the National Democratic Party was not merely an adjunct to the McKinley campaign. An important goal was to nurture a loyal remnant for future victory. Repeatedly they depicted Bryan's prospective defeat, and a credible showing for Palmer, as paving the way for ultimate recapture of the Democratic Party, and this did indeed happen in 1904.[8]

text:
Presidential Ballot

Ballot
1st Before Shifts
1st After Shifts

John M. Palmer
757.5
769.5

Edward S. Bragg
130.5
118.5

text: Populist Party nomination[edit]

text: Populist candidates:

text:
William Jennings Bryan, former U.S. representative (Nebraska)
Seymour F. Norton from Illinois, writer

text: Candidates gallery[edit]

text:
Representative
William Jennings Bryan
from Nebraska

text: Several third parties were active in 1896. By far the most prominent was the Populist Party. Formed in 1892, the Populists represented the philosophy of agrarianism (derived from Jeffersonian democracy), which held that farming was a superior way of life that was being exploited by bankers and middlemen. The Populists attracted cotton farmers in the South and wheat farmers in the West, but very few farmers in the Northeast, South, West, and rural Midwest. In the presidential election of 1892, Populist candidate James B. Weaver carried four states, and in 1894, the Populists scored victories in congressional and state legislature races in a number of Southern and Western states. In the Southern states, including Alabama, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas, the wins were obtained by electoral fusion with the Republicans against the dominant Bourbon Democrats, whereas in the rest of the country, fusion, if practiced, was typically undertaken with the Democrats, as in the state of Washington.[9][10] By 1896, some Populists believed that they could replace the Democrats as the main opposition party to the Republicans. However, the Democrats' nomination of Bryan, who supported many Populist goals and ideas, placed the party in a dilemma. Torn between choosing their own presidential candidate or supporting Bryan, the party leadership decided that nominating their own candidate would simply divide the forces of reform and hand the election to the more conservative Republicans. At their national convention in 1896, the Populists chose Bryan as their presidential nominee. However, to demonstrate that they were still independent from the Democrats, the Populists also chose former Georgia Representative Thomas E. Watson as their vice-presidential candidate instead of Arthur Sewall. Bryan eagerly accepted the Populist nomination, but was vague as to whether, if elected, he would choose Watson as his vice-president instead of Sewall. With this election, the Populists began to be absorbed into the Democratic Party; within a few elections the party would disappear completely. The 1896 election was particularly detrimental to the Populist Party in the South; the party divided itself between members who favored cooperation with the Democrats to achieve reform at the national level and members who favored cooperation with the Republicans to achieve reform at a state level.

text: As a result of the double nomination, both the Bryan-Sewall Democratic ticket and the Bryan-Watson Populist ticket appeared on the ballot in many states. Although the Populist ticket did not win the popular vote in any state, 27 electors for Bryan cast their vice-presidential vote for Watson instead of Sewall. (The votes came from the following states: Arkansas 3, Louisiana 4, Missouri 4, Montana 1, Nebraska 4, North Carolina 5, South Dakota 2, Utah 1, Washington 2, Wyoming 1.)

text:
Presidential Ballot
Vice Presidential Ballot

William Jennings Bryan
1,042
Thomas E. Watson
469.5

Seymour F. Norton
321
Arthur Sewall
257.5

Scattering
12

text: Silver Party[edit]

text: Silver candidates:

text:
William Jennings Bryan, former U.S. representative (Nebraska)
Henry M. Teller, U.S. Senator from Colorado

text: Candidates gallery[edit]

text:
William Jennings Bryan from Nebraska

Senator Henry M. Teller from Colorado
(declined)

text: With the Republican Party platform calling for strong support for the gold standard, many western Republicans walked out of the Republican Convention and formed the National Silver Party. Many began to push for the nomination of Colorado Senator Henry Moore Teller, the leader of the party, but with the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in Chicago and the adoption of his pro-silver platform, it was decided that they should unite behind the Democratic ticket.[11] The Bryan campaign swept to victory across the Mountain states because the dominant issue in those thinly-populated mining areas was silver.[12]

text: Socialist Labor nomination[edit]

text: The Socialist Labor Convention was held in New York City on July 9, 1896. The convention nominated Charles Matchett of New York and Matthew Maguire of New Jersey. Its platform favored reduction in hours of labor; possession by the federal government of mines, railroads, canals, telegraphs, and telephones; possession by municipalities of water-works, gas-works, and electric plants; the issue of money by the federal government alone; the employment of the unemployed by the public authorities; abolition of the veto power; abolition of the United States Senate; women's suffrage; and uniform criminal law throughout the Union.[13]

text: Prohibition Party[edit]

text: The Prohibition Party split into a "narrow gauge," or single-issue anti-liquor party and a "broad gauge" group (later known as the National Prohibition Party) that supported many reforms, including free silver. The split occurred when a motion for the party to endorse free silver, put forward by Charles Bentley, was defeated by an overwhelming margin of 650-160. Although Bryan himself later became a champion of prohibition, his position was unknown in 1896.[14]

text: "Narrow Gauge" Prohibition nomination[edit]

text: "Narrow Gauge" Prohibition ticket:

text:
Joshua Levering, Baptist leader from Maryland

Lawyer and Former Mayor Hale Johnson from Illinois

text: "Broad Gauge" Prohibition nomination[edit]

text: "Broad Gauge" Prohibition ticket:

text:
Charles E. Bentley, Baptist minister from Nebraska

James H. Southgate, State Party Chair from North Carolina

text: Campaign strategies[edit]

text: While the Republican Party entered 1896 assuming that the Democrats were in shambles and victory would be easy, especially after the unprecedented Republican landslide in the congressional elections of 1894, the nationwide emotional response to the Bryan candidacy changed everything. By summer, it appeared that Bryan was ahead in the South and West and probably also in the Midwest.[15][16] An entirely new strategy was called for by the McKinley campaign. It was designed to educate voters in the money issues, to demonstrate silverite fallacies, and to portray Bryan himself as a dangerous crusader. McKinley would be portrayed as the safe and sound champion of jobs and sound money, with his high tariff proposals guaranteed to return prosperity for everyone. The McKinley campaign would be national and centralized, using the Republican National Committee as the tool of the candidate, instead of the state parties' tool.[17] Furthermore, the McKinley campaign stressed his pluralistic commitment to prosperity for all groups (including minorities).[18]

text: Financing[edit]

text: The McKinley campaign invented a new form of campaign financing that has dominated American politics ever since.[19] Instead of asking office holders to return a cut of their pay, Hanna went to financiers and industrialists and made a business proposition. He explained that Bryan would win if nothing happened, and that the McKinley team had a winning counterattack that would be very expensive. He then would ask them how much it was worth to the business not to have Bryan as president. He suggested an amount and was happy to take a check. Hanna had moved beyond partisanship and campaign rhetoric to a businessman's thinking about how to achieve a desired result. He raised $3.5 million. Hanna brought in banker Charles G. Dawes to run his Chicago office and spend about $2 million in the critical region.[20]

text: Meanwhile, traditional funders of the Democratic Party (mostly financiers from the Northeast) rejected Bryan, although he did manage to raise about $500,000. Some of it came from businessmen with interests in silver mining.

text: The financial disparity grew larger and larger as the Republicans funded more and more rallies, speeches, and torchlight parades, as well as hundreds of millions of pamphlets attacking Bryan and praising McKinley. Lacking a systematic fund-raising system, Bryan was unable to tap his potential supporters, and he had to rely on passing the hat at rallies. National Chairman Jones pleaded, "No matter in how small sums, no matter by what humble contributions, let the friends of liberty and national honor contribute all they can."[21]

text: Republican attacks on Bryan[edit]

text: Increasingly, the Republicans personalized their attacks on Bryan as a dangerous religious fanatic.[22] The counter-crusading rhetoric focused on Bryan as a reckless revolutionary whose policies would destroy the economic system.[23] Illinois Governor John Peter Altgeld was running for re-election after having pardoned several of the anarchists convicted in the Haymarket bombings. Republican posters and speeches linked Altgeld and Bryan as two dangerous anarchists.[24] The Republican Party tried any number of tactics to ridicule Bryan's economic policies. In one case they printed fake dollar bills which had Bryan's face and read "IN GOD WE TRUST...FOR THE OTHER 53 CENTS," thus illustrating their claim that a dollar bill would be worth only 47 cents if it was backed by silver instead of gold.[25]

text: Ethnic responses[edit]

text: The Democratic Party in Eastern and Midwestern cities had a strong German Catholic base that was alienated by free silver and inflationist panaceas. They showed little enthusiasm for Bryan, although many were worried that a Republican victory would bring prohibition into play.[26][27] The Irish Catholics disliked Bryan's revivalistic rhetoric and worried about prohibition as well. However their leaders decided to stick with Bryan, since the departure of so many Bourbon businessmen from the party left the Irish increasingly in control.[28][29]

text: Labor unions and skilled workers[edit]

text: The Bryan campaign appealed first of all to farmers. It told urban workers that their return to prosperity was possible only if the farmers prospered first. Bryan made the point bluntly in the "Cross of Gold" speech, delivered in Chicago just 25 years after that city had indeed burned down:[30]

text: Juxtaposing "our farms" and "your cities" did not go over well in cities; they voted 59% for McKinley. Among the industrial cities Bryan carried only two (Troy, New York, and Fort Wayne, Indiana).[31]

text: The main labor unions were reluctant to endorse Bryan because their members feared inflation.[32][33] Railroad workers especially worried that Bryan's silver programs would bankrupt the railroads, which were in a shaky financial condition in the depression and whose bonds were payable in gold. Factory workers saw no advantage in inflation to help miners and farmers, because their urban cost of living would shoot up and they would be hurt. The McKinley campaign gave special attention to skilled workers, especially in the Midwest and adjacent states.[34] Secret polls show that large majorities of railroad and factory workers voted for McKinley.[35]

text: The fall campaign[edit]

text: Throughout the campaign the South and Mountain states appeared certain to vote for Bryan, whereas the East was certain for McKinley. In play were the Midwest and the Border States.

text: The Republican Party amassed an unprecedented war chest at all levels: national, state and local. Outspent and shut out of the party's traditional newspapers, Bryan decided his best chance to win the election was to conduct a vigorous national speaking tour by train. His fiery crusading rhetoric to huge audiences would make his campaign a newsworthy story that the hostile press would have to cover, and he could speak to the voters directly instead of through editorials. He was the first presidential candidate since Stephen Douglas in 1860 to canvass directly, and the first ever to criss-cross the nation and meet voters in person.

text: The novelty of seeing a visiting presidential candidate, combined with Bryan's spellbinding oratory and the passion of his believers, generated huge crowds. Silverites welcomed their hero with all-day celebrations of parades, band music, picnic meals, endless speeches, and undying demonstrations of support. Bryan focused his efforts on the Midwest, which everyone agreed would be the decisive battleground in the election. In just 100 days, Bryan gave over 500 speeches to several million people. His record was 36 speeches in one day in St. Louis. Relying on just a few hours of sleep a night, he traveled 18,000 miles by rail[36] to address five million people, often in a hoarse voice; he would explain that he left his real voice at the previous stops where it was still rallying the people.

text: In contrast to Bryan's dramatic efforts, McKinley conducted a novel "front porch" campaign from his home in Canton, Ohio. Instead of having McKinley travel to see the voters, Mark Hanna brought 500,000 voters by train to McKinley's home. Once there, McKinley would greet the men from his porch. His well-organized staff prepared both the remarks of the visiting delegations and the candidate's responses, focusing the comments on the assigned topic of the day. The remarks were issued to the newsmen and telegraphed nationwide to appear in the next day's papers. Bryan, with practically no staff, gave much the same talk over and over again. McKinley labeled Bryan's proposed social and economic reforms as a serious threat to the national economy. With the depression following the Panic of 1893 coming to an end, support for McKinley's more conservative economic policies increased, while Bryan's more radical policies began to lose support among Midwestern farmers and factory workers.

text: To ensure victory, Hanna paid large numbers of Republican orators (including Theodore Roosevelt) to travel around the nation denouncing Bryan as a dangerous radical. There were also reports that some potentially Democratic voters were intimidated into voting for McKinley. For example, some factory owners posted signs the day before the election announcing that, if Bryan won the election, the factory would be closed and the workers would lose their jobs.

text: Bryan's midsummer surge in the Midwest played out as the intense Republican counter-crusade proved effective. Bryan spent most of October in the Midwest, making 160 of his final 250 speeches there. Morgan noted, "full organization, Republican party harmony, a campaign of education with the printed and spoken word would more than counteract" Bryan's speechmaking.[37]

text: Several of Bryan's advisors recommended additional campaigning in the Upper South States of Kentucky, West Virginia, Maryland and Delaware. Another plan called for a coastal tour from Washington State to Southern California. Bryan however, opted to concentrate in the Mid-West and to launch a unity tour into the heavily Republican Northeast. Bryan saw no chance of winning in New England, but felt that he needed to make a truly national appeal. On election day the results from the Pacific Coast and Upper South would be the closest of the election.

text: Results[edit]

text: McKinley secured a solid victory by carrying the core of the East and Northeast, while Bryan did well among the farmers of the South, West, and rural Midwest. The large German-American voting bloc supported McKinley, who gained large majorities among the middle class, skilled factory workers, railroad workers, and large-scale farmers. The national popular vote was rather close, as McKinley took 51% to Bryan’s 47%. In the electoral college McKinley won in a landslide, receiving 271 electoral votes (61%) to Bryan's 176 (224 were needed to win).

text: The National Democrats did not carry any states, but they did divide the Democratic vote in some states and helped the Republicans to carry the state of Kentucky. Gold Democrats made much of the fact that Palmer’s small vote in Kentucky was higher than McKinley’s thin margin in that state. This was the first time a Republican presidential candidate had ever carried Kentucky, and they were not to do so again until Calvin Coolidge in 1924.[38] From this, they concluded that Palmer had siphoned off needed Democratic votes and hence thrown the state to McKinley. However, McKinley would have won the overall election even if he had lost Kentucky to Bryan.

text: Mayor Tom L. Johnson of Cleveland, Ohio, summed up the campaign as the “first great protest of the American people against monopoly – the first great struggle of the masses in our country against the privileged classes.”

text: According to a 2017 National Bureau of Economic Research paper, "Bryan did well where mortgage interest rates were high, railroad penetration was low, and crop prices had declined by most over the previous decade. Using our estimates, we show that further declines in crop prices or increases in interest rates would have been enough to tip the Electoral College in Bryan’s favor. But to change the outcome, the additional fall in crop prices would have had to be large."[39]

text: General results[edit]

text: McKinley received a little more than seven million votes, Bryan a little less than six and a half million, about 800,000 in excess of the Democratic vote in 1892. It was larger than the Democratic Party was to poll in 1900, 1904, or 1912. It was somewhat less, however, than the combined vote for the Democratic and Populist nominees had been in 1892. In contrast, McKinley received nearly 2,000,000 more votes than had been cast for Benjamin Harrison, the Republican nominee, in 1892. The Republican vote was to be but slightly increased during the next decade.

text: Geography of results[edit]

text: One-half of the total vote of the nation was polled in eight states carried by McKinley (New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin). In these states, Bryan not only ran far behind the Republican candidate, but also polled considerably less than half of his total vote.[41]

text: In only one other section, in the six states of New England, was the Republican lead great; the Republican vote (614,972) was more than twice the Democratic vote (242,938), and every county was carried by the Republicans.[41]

text: The West North Central section gave a slight lead to McKinley, as did the Pacific section. Nevertheless, within these sections, the states of Missouri, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Washington were carried by Bryan.

text: In the South Atlantic section and in the East South Central section, the Democratic lead was pronounced, and in the West South Central section and in the Mountain section, the vote for Bryan was overwhelming. In these four sections, comprising 21 states, McKinley carried only 322 counties and four states – Delaware, Maryland, West Virginia, and Kentucky.

text: A striking feature of this examination of the state returns is found in the overwhelming lead for one or the other party in 22 of the 45 states. It was true of the McKinley vote in every New England state and in New York, Pennsylvania, and Illinois. It was also true of the Bryan vote in eight states of the lower South and five states of the Mountain West. Sectionalism was thus marked in this first election of the Fourth Party System.

text: This was the last election in which the Democrats won South Dakota until 1932, the last in which the Democrats won Utah and Washington until 1916, the last in which the Democrats won Kansas and Wyoming until 1912, and the last in which the Democrats won Nebraska until 1908. It was also the last time that South Dakota and Washington voted against the Republicans until they voted for the Progressive Party in 1912. This also constitutes the only election since their statehoods when a Republican won the presidency without winning Kansas, South Dakota, Utah, or Wyoming. Today ( as of 2017) they are solidly Republican states.

text: Southern votes[edit]

text: In the South, there were numerous Republican counties, notably in Texas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Kentucky, and Virginia. Even in Georgia, a state in the Deep South, there were counties returning Republican majorities. This was the result of an attempt by Republican politicians to heal sectional resentment and make the South competitive.

text: While traveling the South in 1895, McKinley realized that many conservative Southern whites were angry at the populist radicals who controlled the Democratic Party in their states. White businessmen of Georgia wanted the support of a party that would oppose regulation and taxation as long as it would allow them to preserve white supremacy. The possibility of preserving white supremacy without offending loyal black Republicans seemed like a possibility after black leader Booker T. Washington gave a speech in 1895 that proposed the "Atlanta Compromise", which held that whites should support blacks in their struggle for economic independence as they learned trade and industry, and in return blacks would not challenge the political or social order of Jim Crow. The policy was somewhat of a success because McKinley won 37% of Georgia's vote (the closest a Republican would come to winning the state until 1928).

text:
Presidential candidate
Party
Home state
Popular vote
Electoral
vote
Running mate

Count
Percentage
Vice-presidential candidate
Home state
Electoral vote

William McKinley
Republican
Ohio
7,111,607
51.03%
271
Garret A. Hobart
New Jersey
271

William Jennings Bryan
Democratic – People's
Nebraska
6,509,052(a)
46.70%
176
Arthur Sewall(b)
Maine
149

Thomas E. Watson(c)
Georgia
27

John M. Palmer
National Democratic
Illinois
134,645
0.97%
0
Simon Bolivar Buckner
Kentucky
0

Joshua Levering
Prohibition
Maryland
131,312
0.94%
0
Hale Johnson
Illinois
0

Charles Matchett
Socialist Labor
New York
36,373
0.26%
0
Matthew Maguire
New Jersey
0

Charles Eugene Bentley
National Prohibition
Nebraska
13,968
0.10%
0
James H. Southgate
North Carolina
0

Other
1,570
0.01%
—
Other
—

Total
13,936,957
100%
447

447

Needed to win
224

224

text:
(a) Includes 222,583 votes as the People's nominee
(b) Sewall was Bryan's Democratic running mate.
(c) Watson was Bryan's People's running mate.

text: Source (Popular Vote):[42]

text: Source (Electoral Vote): "Electoral College Box Scores 1789–1996". National Archives and Records Administration. Retrieved July 31, 2005.

text:
Popular vote

McKinley

51.02%

Bryan

46.71%

Palmer

0.96%

Levering

0.90%

Matchett

0.26%

Others

0.15%

text:
Electoral vote

McKinley

60.63%

Bryan

39.37%

text: Geography of results[edit]

text: Results by county, shaded according to winning candidate's percentage of the vote

text: Cartographic gallery[edit]

text:
Map of presidential election results by county

Map of Republican presidential election results by county

Map of Democratic presidential election results by county

Map of "other" presidential election results by county

Cartogram of presidential election results by county

Cartogram of Republican presidential election results by county

Cartogram of Democratic presidential election results by county

Cartogram of "other" presidential election results by county

text: Results by state[edit]

text:
States won by McKinley/Hobart

States won by Bryan/Sewall or Bryan/Watson

text:
William McKinley
Republican
William Jennings Bryan
Democratic/Populist
John Palmer
National Democrat
Joshua Levering
Prohibition
Charles Matchett
Socialist Labor
Charles Bentley
National Prohibition
Margin
State Total

State
electoral
votes
#
 %
electoral
votes
#
 %
electoral
votes
#
 %
electoral
votes
#
 %
electoral
votes
#
 %
electoral
votes
#
 %
electoral
votes
#
 %
#

Alabama
11
55,673
28.61
-
130,298
66.96
11
6,375
3.28
-
2,234
1.15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-74,625
-38.35
194,580
AL

Arkansas
8
37,512
25.12
-
110,103
73.72
8
-
-
-
839
0.56
-
-
-
-
893
0.60
-
-72,591
-48.61
149,347
AR

California
9
146,688
49.16
8
144,766
48.51
1
1,730
0.58
-
2,573
0.86
-
1,611
0.54
-
1,047
0.35
-
1,922
0.64
298,419
CA

Colorado
4
26,271
13.86
-
161,005
84.95
4
1
0.00
-
1,717
0.91
-
159
0.08
-
386
0.20
-
-134,734
-71.09
189,539
CO

Connecticut
6
110,285
63.24
6
56,740
32.54
-
4,336
2.49
-
1,806
1.04
-
1,223
0.70
-
-
-
-
53,545
30.70
174,390
CT

Delaware
3
20,450
53.18
3
16,574
43.10
-
966
2.51
-
466
1.21
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
3,876
10.08
38,456
DE

Florida
4
11,298
24.30
-
32,756
70.46
4
1,778
3.82
-
656
1.41
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-21,458
-46.16
46,488
FL

Georgia
13
59,395
36.56
-
93,885
57.78
13
3,670
2.26
-
5,483
3.37
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-34,490
-21.23
162,480
GA

Idaho
3
6,314
21.32
-
23,135
78.10
3
-
-
-
172
0.58
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-16,821
-56.79
29,621
ID

Illinois
24
607,130
55.66
24
465,613
42.68
-
6,390
0.59
-
9,796
0.90
-
1,147
0.11
-
793
0.07
-
141,517
12.97
1,090,869
IL

Indiana
15
323,754
50.82
15
305,573
47.96
-
2,145
0.34
-
3,056
0.48
-
324
0.05
-
2,267
0.36
-
18,181
2.85
637,119
IN

Iowa
13
289,293
55.47
13
223,741
42.90
-
4,516
0.87
-
3,192
0.61
-
453
0.09
-
352
0.07
-
65,552
12.57
521,547
IA

Kansas
10
159,345
47.63
-
171,675
51.32
10
1,209
0.36
-
1,698
0.51
-
-
-
-
620
0.19
-
-12,330
-3.69
334,547
KS

Kentucky
13
218,171
48.93
12
217,894
48.86
1
5,084
1.14
-
4,779
1.07
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
277
0.06
445,928
KY

Louisiana
8
22,037
21.81
-
77,175
76.38
8
1,834
1.82
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-55,138
-54.57
101,046
LA

Maine
6
80,403
67.90
6
34,587
29.21
-
1,867
1.58
-
1,562
1.32
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
45,816
38.69
118,419
ME

Maryland
8
136,959
54.73
8
104,150
41.62
-
2,499
1.00
-
5,918
2.36
-
587
0.23
-
136
0.05
-
32,809
13.11
250,249
MD

Massachusetts
15
278,976
69.47
15
105,711
26.32
-
11,749
2.93
-
2,998
0.75
-
2,114
0.53
-
-
-
-
173,265
43.15
401,568
MA

Michigan
14
293,336
53.77
14
237,166
43.47
-
6,923
1.27
-
4,978
0.91
-
293
0.05
-
1,816
0.33
-
56,170
10.30
545,585
MI

Minnesota
9
193,503
56.62
9
139,735
40.89
-
3,222
0.94
-
4,348
1.27
-
954
0.28
-
-
-
-
53,768
15.73
341,762
MN

Mississippi
9
4,819
6.92
-
63,355
91.04
9
1,021
1.47
-
396
0.57
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-58,536
-84.11
69,591
MS

Missouri
17
304,940
45.25
-
363,667
53.96
17
2,365
0.35
-
2,043
0.30
-
599
0.09
-
292
0.04
-
-58,727
-8.71
673,906
MO

Montana
3
10,509
19.71
-
42,628
79.93
3
-
-
-
193
0.36
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-32,119
-60.23
53,330
MT

Nebraska
8
103,064
46.18
-
115,007
51.53
8
2,885
1.29
-
1,243
0.56
-
186
0.08
-
797
0.36
-
-11,943
-5.35
223,182
NE

Nevada
3
1,938
18.79
-
8,376
81.21
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-6,438
-62.42
10,314
NV

New Hampshire
4
57,444
68.66
4
21,650
25.88
-
3,520
4.21
-
779
0.93
-
228
0.27
-
49
0.06
-
35,794
42.78
83,670
NH

New Jersey
10
221,535
59.68
10
133,695
36.02
-
6,378
1.72
-
-
-
-
3,986
1.07
-
5,617
1.51
-
87,840
23.66
371,211
NJ

New York
36
819,838
57.58
36
551,369
38.72
-
18,950
1.33
-
16,052
1.13
-
17,667
1.24
-
-
-
-
268,469
18.85
1,423,876
NY

North Carolina
11
155,122
46.82
-
174,408
52.64
11
578
0.17
-
635
0.19
-
-
-
-
222
0.07
-
-19,286
-5.82
331,337
NC

North Dakota
3
26,335
55.57
3
20,686
43.65
-
-
-
-
358
0.76
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
5,649
11.92
47,391
ND

Ohio
23
525,991
51.86
23
477,497
47.08
-
1,858
0.18
-
5,068
0.50
-
1,165
0.11
-
2,716
0.27
-
48,494
4.78
1,014,295
OH

Oregon
4
48,779
50.07
4
46,739
47.98
-
977
1.00
-
919
0.94
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2,040
2.09
97,414
OR

Pennsylvania
32
728,300
60.98
32
433,228
36.27
-
11,000
0.92
-
19,274
1.61
-
1,683
0.14
-
870
0.07
-
295,072
24.71
1,194,355
PA

Rhode Island
4
37,437
68.33
4
14,459
26.39
-
1,166
2.13
-
1,160
2.12
-
558
1.02
-
-
-
-
22,978
41.94
54,785
RI

South Carolina
9
9,313
13.51
-
58,801
85.30
9
824
1.20
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-49,488
-71.79
68,938
SC

South Dakota
4
41,042
49.48
-
41,225
49.70
4
-
-
-
683
0.82
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-183
-0.22
82,950
SD

Tennessee
12
148,683
46.33
-
167,168
52.09
12
1,953
0.61
-
3,099
0.97
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-18,485
-5.76
320,903
TN

Texas
15
167,520
30.75
-
370,434
68.00
15
5,046
0.93
-
1,786
0.33
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-202,914
-37.25
544,786
TX

Utah
3
13,491
17.27
-
64,607
82.70
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-51,116
-65.43
78,119
UT

Vermont
4
51,127
80.08
4
10,640
16.66
-
1,331
2.08
-
733
1.15
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
40,487
63.41
63,847
VT

Virginia
12
135,379
45.94
-
154,708
52.50
12
2,129
0.72
-
2,350
0.80
-
108
0.04
-
-
-
-
-19,329
-6.56
294,674
VA

Washington
4
39,153
41.84
-
53,314
56.97
4
-
-
-
968
1.03
-
-
-
-
148
0.16
-
-14,161
-15.13
93,583
WA

West Virginia
6
105,379
52.23
6
94,480
46.83
-
678
0.34
-
1,220
0.60
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10,899
5.40
201,757
WV

Wisconsin
12
268,135
59.93
12
165,523
37.00
-
4,584
1.02
-
7,507
1.68
-
1,314
0.29
-
346
0.08
-
102,612
22.93
447,409
WI

Wyoming
3
10,072
47.75
-
10,861
51.49
3
-
-
-
159
0.75
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-789
-3.74
21,092
WY

TOTALS:
447
7,112,138
51.02
271
6,510,807
46.71
176
133,537
0.96
-
124,896
0.90
-
36,359
0.26
-
19,367
0.14
-
601,331
4.31
13,938,674
US

text: Close states[edit]

text: Margin of victory less than 1% (26 electoral votes):

text:
Kentucky, 0.06%
South Dakota, 0.22%
California, 0.64%

tag: ol

text: Margin of victory less than 5% (55 electoral votes):

text:
Oregon, 2.09%
Indiana, 2.85%
Kansas, 3.69%
Wyoming, 3.74%
Ohio, 4.78%

text: Margin of victory between 5% and 10% (66 electoral votes):

text:
Nebraska, 5.35%
West Virginia, 5.40%
Tennessee, 5.76%
North Carolina, 5.82%
Virginia, 6.56%
Missouri, 8.71%

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Republican)

text:
Zapata County, Texas 94.34%
Leslie County, Kentucky 91.39%
Addison County, Vermont 89.17%
Unicoi County, Tennessee 89.04%
Keweenaw County, Michigan 88.96%

text: Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Democratic)

text:
West Carroll Parish, Louisiana 99.84%
Leflore County, Mississippi 99.68%
Smith County, Mississippi 99.26%
Pitkin County, Colorado 99.21%
Neshoba County, Mississippi 99.15%

text: Counties with Highest Percent of Vote (Populist)

text:
Madera County, California 62.80%
Lake County, California 61.95%
Stanislaus County, California 59.00%
San Benito County, California 57.59%
San Luis Obispo County, California 56.37%


document_title: McCovey Cove

question_text: who has the most splash hits at at&t park

root

text: McCovey Cove

text: Naming[edit]

text: The name was coined thanks to two sportswriters. Mark Purdy of the San Jose Mercury News wrote an article suggesting naming the body of water after McCovey, though his original suggestions were 'McCovey Channel,' 'McCovey Stream' or 'McCovey Run.' Purdy then noted the more 'lyrical' name of 'McCovey Cove' was suggested by his colleague Leonard Koppett, a writer for the Oakland Tribune.[1] The name did not take long to become very popular, although the moniker has never become official.

tag: p

text: Features[edit]

text: On game days, fans take to the water of McCovey Cove in boats and even in kayaks, often with fishing nets in the hope of collecting a home run ball. This echoes what used to happen during McCovey's playing days. Before Candlestick Park's upper deck was extended, the area behind right field was occupied by three small bleacher sections and a lot of open space. Kids in those bleachers would gather behind the right field fence when "Stretch" would come to the plate. There may also be a link to the fact that Willie McCovey was one of only a few that hit home runs over the scoreboard and into a public swimming pool at Montreal's Jarry Park, the Expos' home from 1969 to 1976. The fact that balls can be hit into a water basin over the right field wall in San Francisco is somewhat of a tribute/salute to Willie McCovey's legend when he visited Montreal.[citation needed]

text: Just beyond the wall is a public waterfront promenade, where fans can watch the game through the wall's archways, free of charge, albeit with a somewhat obstructed view. Across the cove from the ballpark is McCovey Point and China Basin Park, featuring a statue of McCovey at the mouth of the Cove. At his feet are small plaques commemorating the winners of the Willie Mac Award, named in McCovey's honor. Along the southern shore of the cove, between McCovey Point and the O'Doul Bridge, is a walkway featuring plaques showing the Opening Day Roster of every Giants team from 1958 through 1999. Just south of the statue of Willie McCovey is Barry Bonds Junior Giants Field, a t-ball sized baseball diamond.[2]

text: Splash hits[edit]

text: "Splash hits" are recorded only when Giants players hit home runs that land in McCovey Cove on the fly. These hits are tallied on an electronic counter on the right field wall. As of May 15, 2018, 78 "splash hits" have been hit into the Bay by Giants players since the park opened; 35 of those were by Barry Bonds.[3] The only Giants other than Bonds to have reached the Cove more than once are Pablo Sandoval and Brandon Belt with eight each, Denard Span with five, and six players with two each: Felipe Crespo, Michael Tucker, Ryan Klesko, Aubrey Huff, Andrés Torres, and Brandon Crawford. Ten other Giants' players have accomplished the feat just once. Carlos Beltrán's "Splash Hit" on September 14, 2011, marked his 300th career home run. Klesko is currently the only player to have splash hits as both a Giant and as an opposing player through the 2012 season. Tyler Colvin's "splash hit" on May 12, 2014, was also his first hit for the Giants and came off his first at bat at AT&T Park since joining the team.[4]

text: When AT&T Park hosted the 2007 Home Run Derby, McCovey Cove was heavily featured in promotional materials, and the namesake slugger presented each participant with special bats before the competition. However, the difficulty of hitting McCovey Cove with a home run was shown, as none of the eight sluggers competing were able to hit water, and all four left-handed batters (who are more likely to hit home runs to right field, and thus, to the Cove) were eliminated in the first round of the contest. The only player to hit water was Prince Fielder of the Milwaukee Brewers, who did so on a foul ball.[5] Fielder would eventually hit McCovey Cove with a fair ball on July 20, 2008, as the 17th visiting player to hit a home run into the Cove.

text: No right-handed hitter has ever hit an opposite field home run into McCovey Cove, though Giants catcher Buster Posey has come close several times.

text:
No.
Player
Date
Opponent
Pitcher

1
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (1)
000000002000-05-01-0000May 1, 2000
New York Mets
Rodriguez, RichRich Rodriguez

2
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (2)
000000002000-05-10-0000May 10, 2000
St. Louis Cardinals
Benes, AndyAndy Benes

3
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (3)
000000002000-05-10-0000May 10, 2000
St. Louis Cardinals
Slocumb, HeathcliffHeathcliff Slocumb

4
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (4)
000000002000-05-24-0000May 24, 2000
Montreal Expos
Thurman, MikeMike Thurman

5
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (5)
000000002000-07-19-0000July 19, 2000
San Diego Padres
Meadows, BrianBrian Meadows

6
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (6)
000000002000-09-20-0000September 20, 2000
Cincinnati Reds
Parris, SteveSteve Parris

7
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (7)
000000002001-04-17-0000April 17, 2001
Los Angeles Dodgers
Adams, TerryTerry Adams

8
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (8)
000000002001-04-18-0000April 18, 2001
Los Angeles Dodgers
Park, Chan HoChan Ho Park

9
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (9)
000000002001-05-24-0000May 24, 2001
Colorado Rockies
Thomson, JohnJohn Thomson (1)

10
Crespo, FelipeFelipe Crespo (1)
000000002001-05-28-0000May 28, 2001
Arizona Diamondbacks
Prinz, BretBret Prinz

11
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (10)
000000002001-05-30-0000May 30, 2001
Arizona Diamondbacks
Ellis, RobertRobert Ellis

12
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (11)
000000002001-06-12-0000June 12, 2001
Anaheim Angels
Rapp, PatPat Rapp

13
Crespo, FelipeFelipe Crespo (2)
000000002001-07-08-0000July 8, 2001
Milwaukee Brewers
Leskanic, CurtisCurtis Leskanic

14
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (12)
000000002001-08-04-0000August 4, 2001
Philadelphia Phillies
Figueroa, NelsonNelson Figueroa

15
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (13)
000000002001-08-14-0000August 14, 2001
Florida Marlins
Bones, RickyRicky Bones

16
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (14)
000000002001-08-31-0000August 31, 2001
Colorado Rockies
Thomson, JohnJohn Thomson (2)

17
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (15)
000000002001-09-29-0000September 29, 2001
San Diego Padres
McElroy, ChuckChuck McElroy

18
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (16)
000000002002-05-13-0000May 13, 2002
Atlanta Braves
Millwood, KevinKevin Millwood

19
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (17)
000000002002-05-18-0000May 18, 2002
Florida Marlins
Penny, BradBrad Penny

20
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (18)
000000002002-05-18-0000May 18, 2002
Florida Marlins
Darensbourg, VicVic Darensbourg

21
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (19)
000000002002-09-08-0000September 8, 2002
Arizona Diamondbacks
Anderson, BrianBrian Anderson

22
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (20)
000000002002-09-28-0000September 28, 2002
Houston Astros
Robertson, JeriomeJeriome Robertson

23
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (21)
000000002002-10-12-0000October 12, 2002
St. Louis Cardinals
Finley, ChuckChuck Finley

24
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (22)
000000002003-04-14-0000April 14, 2003
Houston Astros
Miller, WadeWade Miller

25
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (23)
000000002003-04-30-0000April 30, 2003
Chicago Cubs
Clement, MattMatt Clement

26
Snow, J. T.J. T. Snow
000000002003-06-05-0000June 5, 2003
Minnesota Twins
Lohse, KyleKyle Lohse

27
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (24)
000000002003-06-27-0000June 27, 2003
Oakland Athletics
Lilly, TedTed Lilly

28
Cruz, JoseJosé Cruz, Jr.
000000002003-07-08-0000July 8, 2003
St. Louis Cardinals
Haren, DanDan Haren

29
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (25)
000000002003-08-08-0000August 8, 2003
Philadelphia Phillies
Mesa, JoséJosé Mesa

30
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (26)
000000002003-08-19-0000August 19, 2003
Atlanta Braves
King, RayRay King

31
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (27)
000000002003-09-13-0000September 13, 2003
Milwaukee Brewers
Davis, DougDoug Davis

32
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (28)
000000002004-04-12-0000April 12, 2004
Milwaukee Brewers
Kinney, MattMatt Kinney

33
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (29)
000000002004-04-13-0000April 13, 2004
Milwaukee Brewers
Ford, BenBen Ford

34
Tucker, MichaelMichael Tucker (1)
000000002004-05-30-0000May 30, 2004
Colorado Rockies
Kennedy, JoeJoe Kennedy

35
Pierzynski, A. J.A. J. Pierzynski
000000002004-07-06-0000July 6, 2004
Colorado Rockies
Stark, DennyDenny Stark

36
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (30)
000000002004-07-30-0000July 30, 2004
St. Louis Cardinals
Carpenter, ChrisChris Carpenter

37
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (31)
000000002004-08-03-0000August 3, 2004
Cincinnati Reds
Lidle, CoryCory Lidle

38
Tucker, MichaelMichael Tucker (2)
000000002005-04-09-0000April 9, 2005
Colorado Rockies
Dohmann, ScottScott Dohmann

39
Winn, RandyRandy Winn
000000002005-09-14-0000September 14, 2005
San Diego Padres
Williams, WoodyWoody Williams

40
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (32)
000000002005-09-18-0000September 18, 2005
Los Angeles Dodgers
Kuo, Hong-ChihHong-Chih Kuo

41
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (33)
000000002006-08-21-0000August 21, 2006
Arizona Diamondbacks
Hernandez, LivanLiván Hernández (1)

42
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (34)
000000002007-04-18-0000April 18, 2007
St. Louis Cardinals
Franklin, RyanRyan Franklin

43
Klesko, RyanRyan Klesko (1)
000000002007-05-21-0000May 21, 2007
Houston Astros
Miller, TreverTrever Miller

44
Klesko, RyanRyan Klesko (2)
000000002007-06-29-0000June 29, 2007
Arizona Diamondbacks
Hernandez, LivanLiván Hernández (2)

45
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds (35)
000000002007-08-08-0000August 8, 2007
Washington Nationals
Redding, TimTim Redding

46
Lewis, FredFred Lewis
000000002008-04-26-0000April 26, 2008
Cincinnati Reds
Belisle, MattMatt Belisle

47
Bowker, JohnJohn Bowker
000000002008-07-02-0000July 2, 2008
Chicago Cubs
Dempster, RyanRyan Dempster

48
Torres, AndresAndrés Torres (1)
000000002009-06-15-0000June 15, 2009
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Lackey, JohnJohn Lackey

49
Sandoval, PabloPablo Sandoval (1)
000000002009-07-30-0000July 30, 2009
Philadelphia Phillies
Lopez, RodrigoRodrigo López (1)

50
Sandoval, PabloPablo Sandoval (2)
000000002009-08-29-0000August 29, 2009
Colorado Rockies
Marquis, JasonJason Marquis

51
Huff, AubreyAubrey Huff (1)
000000002010-05-01-0000May 1, 2010
Colorado Rockies
Betancourt, RafaelRafael Betancourt

52
Huff, AubreyAubrey Huff (2)
000000002010-06-16-0000June 16, 2010
Baltimore Orioles
Guthrie, JeremyJeremy Guthrie

53
Torres, AndresAndrés Torres (2)
000000002010-07-28-0000July 28, 2010
Florida Marlins
Sosa, JorgeJorge Sosa

54
Sandoval, PabloPablo Sandoval (3)
000000002010-08-12-0000August 12, 2010
Chicago Cubs
Wells, RandyRandy Wells

55
Sandoval, PabloPablo Sandoval (4)
000000002010-09-30-0000September 30, 2010
Arizona Diamondbacks
Enright, BarryBarry Enright

56
Sandoval, PabloPablo Sandoval (5)
000000002011-07-04-0000July 4, 2011
San Diego Padres
Frieri, ErnestoErnesto Frieri

57
Schierholtz, NateNate Schierholtz
000000002011-07-08-0000July 8, 2011
New York Mets
Dickey, R. A.R. A. Dickey

58
Sandoval, PabloPablo Sandoval (6)
000000002011-08-31-0000August 31, 2011
Chicago Cubs
Lopez, RodrigoRodrigo López (2)

59
Beltran, CarlosCarlos Beltrán
000000002011-09-14-0000September 14, 2011
San Diego Padres
Latos, MatMat Latos

60
Belt, BrandonBrandon Belt (1)
000000002011-09-27-0000September 27, 2011
Colorado Rockies
White, AlexAlex White

61
Belt, BrandonBrandon Belt (2)
000000002012-06-14-0000June 14, 2012
Houston Astros
Rodríguez, WandyWandy Rodríguez

62
Belt, BrandonBrandon Belt (3)
000000002012-09-04-0000September 4, 2012
Arizona Diamondbacks
Kennedy, IanIan Kennedy

63
Sandoval, PabloPablo Sandoval (7)
000000002013-05-12-0000May 12, 2013
Atlanta Braves
Medlen, KrisKris Medlen

64
Crawford, BrandonBrandon Crawford (1)
000000002014-04-13-0000April 13, 2014
Colorado Rockies
Brothers, RexRex Brothers

65
Colvin, TylerTyler Colvin
000000002014-05-12-0000May 12, 2014
Atlanta Braves
Floyd, GavinGavin Floyd

66
Crawford, BrandonBrandon Crawford (2)
000000002014-05-14-0000May 14, 2014
Atlanta Braves
Carpenter, DavidDavid Carpenter

67
Ishikawa, TravisTravis Ishikawa
000000002014-09-12-0000September 12, 2014
Los Angeles Dodgers
Correia, KevinKevin Correia

68
Belt, BrandonBrandon Belt (4)
000000002014-09-25-0000September 25, 2014
San Diego Padres
Cashner, AndrewAndrew Cashner

69
Belt, BrandonBrandon Belt (5)
000000002016-06-08-0000June 8, 2016
Boston Red Sox
Price, DavidDavid Price

70
Span, DenardDenard Span (1)
000000002016-06-13-0000June 13, 2016
Milwaukee Brewers
Anderson, ChaseChase Anderson

71
Span, DenardDenard Span (2)
000000002016-08-20-0000August 20, 2016
New York Mets
Colón, BartoloBartolo Colón

72
Belt, BrandonBrandon Belt (6)
000000002017-05-13-0000May 13, 2017
Cincinnati Reds
Bonilla, LisalvertoLisalverto Bonilla

73
Belt, BrandonBrandon Belt (7)
June 10, 2017
Minnesota Twins
Berríos, JoséJosé Berríos

74
Span, Denard Denard Span (3)
000000002017-07-07-0000July 7, 2017
Miami Marlins
Straily, DanDan Straily[6]

75
Span, Denard Denard Span (4)
000000002017-07-19-0000July 19, 2017
Cleveland Indians
Carrasco, CarlosCarlos Carrasco
[7]

76
Span, Denard Denard Span (5)
000000002017-09-11-0000September 11, 2017
Los Angeles Dodgers
Maeda, KentaKenta Maeda
[8]

77
Sandoval, Pablo Pablo Sandoval (8)
000000002018-04-04-0000April 4, 2018
Seattle Mariners
Hernández, FélixFélix Hernández
[9]

78
Belt, Brandon Brandon Belt (8)
000000002018-05-15-0000May 15, 2018
Cincinnati Reds
Mahle, TylerTyler Mahle

tag: table

text: Other McCovey Cove hits[edit]

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2017)

text: 33 non-Giants players have hit the cove 45 times. Of visiting players who have hit the cove, Carlos Delgado, Carlos González and Adam LaRoche have performed the feat the most, doing it three times each. Current Major League baseball player Curtis Granderson and former Major League baseball players Luis Gonzalez and Cliff Floyd are the only other visiting players to do so twice. Rick Ankiel hit the water on the fly in the 11th inning of Game 2 of the 2010 National League Division Series on October 8, 2010; his run would go on to be the winning run for the Atlanta Braves (this was only the 2nd home run ball hit into McCovey Cove in a postseason game at the time, the first being by Barry Bonds on October 12, 2002, in the National League Championship Series). David Ortiz, Mitch Moreland, and Adam Dunn are the only three American League players to hit the cove. Bryce Harper hit the water on the fly in the 7th inning of Game 4 of the 2014 National League Division Series on October 7, 2014 to tie the game.

text: Kevin Correia is the only pitcher to have given up a splash hit both as a Giant and as a visiting pitcher (while pitching for the Los Angeles Dodgers in 2014). On May 12, 2014, players from opposite teams hit home runs into McCovey Cove in the same game for the first time.[10]

text:
No.
Hitter
Team
Date
Pitcher

1
Hundley, ToddTodd Hundley
Los Angeles Dodgers
000000002000-06-30-0000June 30, 2000
Nen, RobbRobb Nen

2
Gonzalez, LuisLuis Gonzalez (1)
Arizona Diamondbacks
000000002000-09-23-0000September 23, 2000
Estes, ShawnShawn Estes

3
Grace, MarkMark Grace
Arizona Diamondbacks
000000002001-05-28-0000May 28, 2001
Worrell, TimTim Worrell

4
Gonzalez, LuisLuis Gonzalez (2)
Arizona Diamondbacks
000000002002-05-30-0000May 30, 2002
Rueter, KirkKirk Rueter

5
Klesko, RyanRyan Klesko
San Diego Padres
000000002003-04-09-0000April 9, 2003
Jensen, RyanRyan Jensen

6
Choi, Hee-SeopHee-Seop Choi
Florida Marlins
000000002004-04-30-0000April 30, 2004
Correia, KevinKevin Correia (1)

7
Patterson, CoreyCorey Patterson
Chicago Cubs
000000002004-08-07-0000August 7, 2004
Walker, TylerTyler Walker

8
Floyd, CliffCliff Floyd (1)
New York Mets
000000002004-08-21-0000August 21, 2004
Tomko, BrettBrett Tomko (1)

9
Branyan, RussellRussell Branyan
Milwaukee Brewers
000000002005-04-23-0000April 23, 2005
Tomko, BrettBrett Tomko (2)

10
Walker, LarryLarry Walker
St. Louis Cardinals
000000002005-07-08-0000July 8, 2005
Schmidt, JasonJason Schmidt

11
Delgado, CarlosCarlos Delgado (1)
Florida Marlins
000000002005-07-23-0000July 23, 2005
Hennessey, BradBrad Hennessey

12
Floyd, CliffCliff Floyd (2)
New York Mets
000000002006-04-25-0000April 25, 2006
Wright, JameyJamey Wright

13
Delgado, CarlosCarlos Delgado (2)
New York Mets
000000002006-04-26-0000April 26, 2006
Morris, MattMatt Morris (1)

14
Delgado, CarlosCarlos Delgado (3)
New York Mets
000000002007-05-09-0000May 9, 2007
Morris, MattMatt Morris (2)

15
LaRoche, AdamAdam LaRoche (1)
Pittsburgh Pirates
000000002007-08-11-0000August 11, 2007
Lincecum, TimTim Lincecum (1)

16
Berkman, LanceLance Berkman
Houston Astros
000000002008-05-15-0000May 15, 2008
Chulk, VinnieVinnie Chulk

17
Fielder, PrincePrince Fielder
Milwaukee Brewers
000000002008-07-19-0000July 19, 2008
Matos, OsirisOsiris Matos

18
Giles, BrianBrian Giles
San Diego Padres
000000002008-08-24-0000August 24, 2008
Correia, KevinKevin Correia (2)

19
Montero, MiguelMiguel Montero
Arizona Diamondbacks
000000002009-09-29-0000September 29, 2009
Sanchez, JonathanJonathan Sánchez

20
Ortiz, DavidDavid Ortiz
Boston Red Sox
000000002010-06-27-0000June 27, 2010
Lincecum, TimTim Lincecum (2)

21
LaRoche, AdamAdam LaRoche (2)
Arizona Diamondbacks
000000002010-08-27-0000August 27, 2010
Lincecum, TimTim Lincecum (3)

22
LaRoche, AdamAdam LaRoche (3)
Arizona Diamondbacks
000000002010-08-28-0000August 28, 2010
Romo, SergioSergio Romo

23
Ankiel, RickRick Ankiel
Atlanta Braves
000000002010-10-08-0000October 8, 2010
Ramirez, RamonRamón Ramírez

24
Navarro, DionerDioner Navarro
Los Angeles Dodgers
000000002011-07-20-0000July 20, 2011
Lincecum, TimTim Lincecum (4)

25
Moreland, MitchMitch Moreland
Texas Rangers
000000002012-06-09-0000June 9, 2012
Vogelsong, RyanRyan Vogelsong (1)

26
González, CarlosCarlos González
Colorado Rockies
000000002013-04-08-0000April 8, 2013
Bumgarner, MadisonMadison Bumgarner (1)

27
Brown, DomonicDomonic Brown
Philadelphia Phillies
000000002013-05-06-0000May 6, 2013
Bumgarner, MadisonMadison Bumgarner (2)

28
McCann, BrianBrian McCann
Atlanta Braves
000000002013-05-10-0000May 10, 2013
Cain, MattMatt Cain (1)

29
González, CarlosCarlos González (2)
Colorado Rockies
000000002013-05-25-0000May 25, 2013
Zito, BarryBarry Zito

30
Jones, GarrettGarrett Jones
Pittsburgh Pirates
000000002013-08-22-0000August 22, 2013
Cain, MattMatt Cain (2)

31
González, CarlosCarlos González (3)
Colorado Rockies
000000002014-04-11-0000April 11, 2014
Bumgarner, MadisonMadison Bumgarner (3)

32
Grandal, YasmaniYasmani Grandal
San Diego Padres
000000002014-04-30-0000April 30, 2014
Hudson, TimTim Hudson (1)

33
Freeman, FreddieFreddie Freeman
Atlanta Braves
000000002014-05-12-0000May 12, 2014
López, JavierJavier López

34
Granderson, CurtisCurtis Granderson (1)
New York Mets
000000002014-06-08-0000June 8, 2014
Lincecum, TimTim Lincecum (5)

35
Dunn, AdamAdam Dunn
Chicago White Sox
000000002014-08-13-0000August 13, 2014
Peavy, JakeJake Peavy

36
Dickerson, CoreyCorey Dickerson
Colorado Rockies
000000002014-08-27-0000August 27, 2014
Hudson, TimTim Hudson (2)

37
Inciarte, EnderEnder Inciarte
Arizona Diamondbacks
000000002014-09-09-0000September 9, 2014
Petit, YusmeiroYusmeiro Petit

38
Harper, BryceBryce Harper
Washington Nationals
000000002014-10-07-0000October 7, 2014
Strickland, HunterHunter Strickland

39
Asche, CodyCody Asche
Philadelphia Phillies
000000002015-07-11-0000July 11, 2015
Vogelsong, RyanRyan Vogelsong (2)

40
Zobrist, BenBen Zobrist
Chicago Cubs
000000002016-05-20-0000May 20, 2016
Kontos, GeorgeGeorge Kontos

41
Pederson, JocJoc Pederson
Los Angeles Dodgers
000000002016-06-12-0000June 12, 2016
Strickland, HunterHunter Strickland (2)

42
Granderson, CurtisCurtis Granderson (2)
New York Mets
000000002016-08-19-0000August 19, 2016
Cueto, JohnnyJohnny Cueto (1)

43
Moustakas, MikeMike Moustakas
Kansas City Royals
000000002017-06-14-0000June 14, 2017
Cueto, JohnnyJohnny Cueto (2)

44
Utley, ChaseChase Utley
Los Angeles Dodgers
000000002017-09-12-0000September 12, 2017
Cueto, JohnnyJohnny Cueto (3)

45
Bellinger, CodyCody Bellinger
Los Angeles Dodgers
000000002017-09-13-0000September 13, 2017
Moore, MattMatt Moore


document_title: Ella Enchanted (film)

question_text: who played the step sister in ella enchanted

text: Ella Enchanted (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Within the kingdom of Emir, in the town of Frell, a baby girl named Ella is born to Sir Peter and his wife Lady Eleanor. She is given the "gift of obedience" by a misguided and obnoxious fairy called Lucinda. This turns out to be more of a curse, as it forces Ella to do anything she is told to do, even if the command is against her wishes. Ella's mother, on her deathbed, warns her daughter not to tell anyone about the curse she is under for fear that someone might use it to exploit Ella. After her mother's death, only Mandy, the household fairy, knows the secret.

text: Several years later, Ella's father remarries to a wealthy socialite, Dame Olga, who dislikes Ella. Her spoiled daughters Hattie and Olive notice Ella's obedience and start to humiliate her. Ella stumbles upon Prince Charmont, the handsome heir who will soon take the throne, as he's being pursued by his fan club of besotted young women. He invites Ella to the Coronation Ball, but Olga intercepts the invitation. Hattie and Olive, fan club members themselves, are overcome with jealousy. They force Ella to insult and cut ties with her best friend Areida.

text: Ella cannot bear her situation a moment longer, and resolves to find Lucinda, as she is the only one who can reverse the spell. Mandy helps by lending Ella her boyfriend Benny, whom she accidentally transformed into a talking magical book that can show people in their current surroundings. During her journey, Ella encounters an elf named Slannen, who wants to be a lawyer instead of an entertainer as the laws now require. They are both captured by a group of ogres, who want to eat them. Prince Charmont rescues them and accompanies them to a wedding in the land of giants, where Ella hopes to find Lucinda. En route, Ella opens Char's eyes to the cruelty of the laws oppressing elves and giants established by the acting ruler, Char's uncle Sir Edgar. Char invites Ella to visit the palace's Hall of Records and find Lucinda faster. But Edgar's talking snake, Heston, is spying on them.

text: At the palace, Heston tells Edgar about Ella's obedience, which Hattie confirms when Edgar offers her Char's hand in marriage. Knowing that Char intends to marry Ella, Edgar orders her to kill him when he proposes, and keep the plan a secret. Edgar also reveals that he murdered Char's father. To save Char, Ella writes him a letter, saying she is leaving permanently and cannot explain why, which breaks his heart. She then asks Slannen to tie her to a tree and get the giants to help. Lucinda then appears before Ella, who asks her to undo the "gift" of obedience. Lucinda is offended that Ella doesn't like her gift and simply tells Ella to remove it herself. She unties Ella, gives her a fancy dress, and tells her to attend the ball, where Char almost immediately takes her to the Hall of Mirrors and asks her to marry him.

text: Ella is about to stab him with the dagger Edgar provided, when she realizes Lucinda has provided the answer: looking into a mirror, she says, "You will no longer be obedient!" She drops the dagger and Char sees it. But Edgar is spying on them, and before Ella can explain, he orders the guards to lock her up, to be executed the following day.

text: Meanwhile, Benny informs Slannen, the giants, and the ogres that Ella is in trouble, so they all sneak into the castle to rescue her. They find out that Edgar is poisoning the crown Char will receive during the ceremony. Ella and her allies burst in just in time to stop him putting it on. Edgar and Heston call for the knights and Red Guards, and a battle ensues. Ella explains everything while fighting alongside Char, while Mandy manages to transform Benny back into a human. When Edgar's forces lose, Heston tries to bite Char, but is stopped by Ella, then trampled by Char's fan club. Caught trying to kill the prince, Edgar admits to the crowd that he killed the King, but says only he deserves the crown. Then, carried away by his own rhetoric, Edgar crowns himself and accidentally poisons himself.

text: Char and Ella kiss; her stepsisters arrive and order her to stop, but she happily refuses. Char once again asks Ella to marry him, and she agrees: "Now that I'll do." The movie ends with their wedding and a musical number. During all this, it's shown that Slannen is in a relationship with a giant named Brumhilda, Ella has rekindled her friendship with Areida, and Edgar has survived (albeit cognitively impaired by the poison). The Narrator announces two final words: The End.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Anne Hathaway as Ella. She is under a spell (curse) given to her by a fairy named Lucinda which makes her obedient.
Hugh Dancy as Prince Charmont "Char", son of the late king that was killed by his uncle. He is treated as a teen icon and has his own fan club, though he doesn't agree with this label.
Cary Elwes as Sir Edgar, the Prince's greedy uncle and King Regent who wants the crown for himself.
Steve Coogan as Heston the snake, Edgar's pet.
Aidan McArdle as Slannen, an elf who wanted to become a lawyer.
Minnie Driver as Mandy, a household fairy who was the only person kind to Ella when Sir Peter left. She always has some flaws in her spells.
Vivica A. Fox as Lucinda Perriweather, a well-meaning but misguided fairy who gave the "gift" to Ella. She never takes back her spells, and always helps at the wrong time.
Eric Idle as the Narrator
Parminder Nagra as Areida, Ella's best friend.
Jim Carter as Nish, an ogre who eats humans.
Patrick Bergin as Sir Peter, Ella's father who was a vendor of watches.
Donna Dent as Lady Eleanor, Ella's mother
Joanna Lumley as Dame Olga, Ella's cruel stepmother.
Lucy Punch as Hattie, Ella's mean stepsister who is obsessed with Prince Charmont.
Jennifer Higham as Olive, Ella's kleptomaniac and dim-witted stepsister who always follows her older sister Hattie, is often mistreated by her, and rarely speaks.
Alvaro Lucchesi as Koopooduk, a giant who Char met at Giantsville.
Heidi Klum as Brumhilda, a giantess who met Slannen in Giantsville and has feelings for Slannen despite his size.
Jimi Mistry as Benny, Mandy's love interest. Turned into a talking book when one of Mandy's spells goes pear shaped.
Johnny Nguyen (uncredited) as Red Knight

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Hathaway, who first read the book when she was 16, says that there was originally a version of the script that was much closer to the book but that it didn't work as a film; she added that she prefers the way the movie actually turned out because it "makes fun of itself for being a fairy tale."[3] Levine states that the film is "so different from the book that it's hard to compare them," noting the addition of new characters such as Sir Edgar and Heston, and suggested "regarding the movie as a separate creative act".[4]

text: Hathaway did her own singing in the film.[3][5]

text: Jimi Mistry, a British actor of Indian descent, said that he enjoyed playing a talking book in the film because it offered him the opportunity to do something different from his other roles. "You can't get less Indian than a talking book, and an American talking book, so it was great," he said.[6]

text: Release[edit]

text: Miramax Films released the film on April 9, 2004. Its parent company, the Walt Disney Company, eventually sold Miramax to Filmyard Holdings. Disney still owns the rights to the film, and streams it for television on the Disney Channel. On April 30, 2013 another re-issue of the film appeared.

text: Box office[edit]

text: Ella Enchanted opened on April 9, 2004 and earned $6,169,030 in its opening weekend, ranking number nine at the domestic box office.[7] At the end of its run, the film grossed $22,918,387 domestically and $4,470,380 overseas for a worldwide total of $27,388,767.[2]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes holds a 50% score based on 114 reviews with an average rating of 5.6/10. The site's consensus reads: "Hathaway is a charming heroine, but the simple storyline gets overwhelmed by silly gimmickry."[8] On Metacritic, the film has a 53 out of 100 rating based on 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[9]

text: Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert gave the film 3 1/2 stars out of 4, praising it as "the best family film so far this year" (April 9, 2004).[10]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack was released April 6, 2004 by Hollywood Records and features Kelly Clarkson's cover of "Respect" along with "Somebody to Love" and "Don't Go Breaking My Heart", both as covered by Hathaway and Jesse McCartney.


document_title: Dichlorine heptoxide

question_text: what is the oxidation state of cl in cl2o7

text: Dichlorine heptoxide

text: Structure[edit]

text: Cl2O7 is an endothermic molecule, meaning it is intrinsically unstable.

text: Cl2O7 is bent with Cl−O−Cl angle of 118.6° giving the molecule C2 symmetry. The terminal Cl−O distances are 1.709 Å and the Cl=O distances are 1.405 Å.[1] In this compound, chlorine exists in its highest formal oxidation state of +7, although the bonding in this molecule is significantly covalent.

text: Chemistry[edit]

text: Dichlorine heptoxide reacts with primary and secondary amines in carbon tetrachloride solution to yield N-perchloryls:[3]

text: It also reacts with alkenes to give alkyl perchlorates. For example, it reacts with propene in carbon tetrachloride solution to yield isopropyl perchlorate and 1-chloro-2-propyl perchlorate.[4]

text: Dichlorine heptoxide is a strongly acidic oxide, and in solution it forms an equilibrium with perchloric acid.

text: Safety[edit]

text: Although it is the most stable chlorine oxide, Cl2O7 is a strong oxidizer as well as an explosive that can be set off with flame or mechanical shock, or by contact with iodine.[5] Nevertheless, it is less strongly oxidising than the other chlorine oxides, and does not attack sulfur, phosphorus, or paper when cold.[1] It has the same effects on the human body as elemental chlorine, and requires the same precautions.[6]