document_title: Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)

question_text: who plays black widow in the avengers movie

question_tokens: who plays black widow in the avengers movie

text: Black Widow (Natasha Romanova)

text: Publication history[edit]

text: The Black Widow's first appearances were as a recurring, non-costumed, Russian-spy antagonist in the feature "Iron Man", beginning in Tales of Suspense #52 (April 1964). Five issues later, she recruits the besotted costumed archer and later superhero Hawkeye to her cause. Her government later supplies her with her first Black Widow costume and high-tech weaponry, but she eventually defects to the United States after appearing, temporarily brainwashed against the U.S., in the superhero-team series The Avengers #29 (July 1966). The Widow later becomes a recurring ally of the team before officially becoming its sixteenth member many years later.

text: The Black Widow was visually updated in 1970: The Amazing Spider-Man #86 (July 1970) reintroduced her with shoulder-length red hair (instead of her former short black hair), a skintight black costume, and wristbands which fired spider threads. This would become the appearance most commonly associated with the character.[2]

text: In short order, The Black Widow starred in her own series in Amazing Adventures #1–8 (Aug. 1970–Sept. 1971), sharing that split book with the feature Inhumans. The Black Widow feature was dropped after only eight issues (the Inhumans feature followed soon, ending with issue 10).[2]

text: Immediately after her initial solo feature ended, the Black Widow co-starred in Daredevil  #81–124 (Nov. 1971–Aug. 1975), of which #93-108 were cover titled Daredevil and the Black Widow. Daredevil writer Gerry Conway recounted, "It was my idea to team up Daredevil and the Black Widow, mainly because I was a fan of Natasha, and thought she and Daredevil would have interesting chemistry."[2] Succeeding writers, however, felt that Daredevil worked better as a solo hero, and gradually wrote the Black Widow out of the series.[2] She was immediately recast into the super-team series The Champions as the leader of the titular superhero group, which ran for 17 issues (Oct. 1975–Jan. 1978).[3]

text: Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, the Black Widow appeared frequently as both an Avengers member and a freelance agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. She starred in a serialized feature within the omnibus comic-book series Marvel Fanfare #10–13 (Aug. 1983–March 1984), written by George Pérez and Ralph Macchio, with art by penciller Perez. These stories were later collected in the oversized one-shot Black Widow: Web of Intrigue #1 (June 1999).

text: The Widow guest-starred in issues of Solo Avengers, Force Works, Iron Man, Marvel Team-Up, and other comics. She had made frequent guest appearances in Daredevil since the late 1970s.

text: She starred in a three-issue arc, "The Fire Next Time", by writer Scott Lobdell and penciller Randy Green, in Journey into Mystery #517–519 (Feb.–April 1998).

text: A new ongoing Black Widow comic title debuted in April 2010. The first story arc was written by Marjorie Liu with art by Daniel Acuna.[4] Beginning with issue #6 (Sept. 2010), the title was written by Duane Swierczynski, with artwork by Manuel Garcia and Lorenzo Ruggiero.

text: Black Widow appeared as a regular character throughout the 2010–2013 Secret Avengers series, from issue #1 (July 2010) through its final issue #37 (March 2013).

text: Black Widow appears in the 2013 Secret Avengers series by Nick Spencer and Luke Ross.[5]

text: Black Widow appears in a relaunched ongoing series by writer Nathan Edmondson and artist Phil Noto. The first issue debuted in January 2014.[6]

text: In October 2015, it was announced that Mark Waid and Chris Samnee would be launching a new Black Widow series for 2016 as part of Marvel's post-Secret Wars relaunch.[7] The first issue was released in March 2016.[8]

text: Limited series and specials[edit]

text: Aside from the arcs in Marvel Fanfare and Journey into Mystery, the Black Widow has starred in four limited series and four graphic novels.

text: The three-issue Black Widow (June - Aug. 1999), under the Marvel Knights imprint, starred Romanova and fully introduced her appointed successor, Captain Yelena Belova, who had briefly appeared in an issue of the 1999 series Inhumans. The writer for the story arc, "The Itsy-Bitsy Spider" was Devin K. Grayson while J. G. Jones was the artist. The next three-issue, Marvel Knights mini-series, also titled Black Widow (Jan. - March 2001) featured both Black Widows in the story arc "Breakdown", by writers Devin Grayson and Greg Rucka with painted art by Scott Hampton.

text: Romanova next starred in another solo miniseries titled Black Widow: Homecoming (Nov. 2004 - April 2005), also under the Marvel Knights imprint and written by science fiction novelist Richard K. Morgan, with art initially by Bill Sienkiewicz and later by Sienkiewicz over Goran Parlov layouts. A six-issue sequel, Black Widow: The Things They Say About Her (Nov. 2005–April 2006; officially Black Widow 2: The Things They Say About Her in the series' postal indicia), by writer Morgan, penciller Sean Phillips, and inker Sienkiewicz, picks up immediately where the previous miniseries left off, continuing the story using many of the same characters.[citation needed]

text: She starred in the solo graphic novel Black Widow: The Coldest War (April 1990), and co-starred in three more: Punisher/Black Widow: Spinning Doomsday's Web (Dec. 1992); Daredevil/Black Widow: Abattoir (July 1993); and Fury/Black Widow: Death Duty (June 1995), also co-starring Marvel UK's Night Raven.[citation needed]

text: Black Widow is also featured in the short story Love Is Blindness in I Heart Marvel: Marvel Ai (2006) #1 (April 2006), where she instigates a humorous fight with Elektra over Daredevil's affections. The comic is stylized to look like Japanese animation and uses images, not words, inside the speech and thought bubbles to convey what the characters are saying/thinking.

text: In 2010, the year in which the character, called only Natasha Romanoff, made her film debut in Iron Man 2, the Black Widow received two separate miniseries. Black Widow and the Marvel Girls was an all-ages, four-issue series that chronicled her adventures with various women of the Marvel Universe, including Storm, She-Hulk, the Enchantress, and Spider-Woman. It was written by Paul Tobin, with art by Salvador Espin and Takeshi Miyazawa. The second four-issue miniseries, Black Widow: Deadly Origin, was written by Paul Cornell, and featured art by Tom Raney and John Paul Leon.[citation needed]

text: Fictional character biography[edit]

text: Early life[edit]

text: Natasha was born in Stalingrad (now Volgograd), Russia. The first and best-known Black Widow is a Russian agent trained as a spy, martial artist, and sniper, and outfitted with an arsenal of high-tech weaponry, including a pair of wrist-mounted energy weapons dubbed her "Widow's Bite". She wears no costume during her first few appearances but simply evening wear and a veil. Romanova eventually defects to the U.S. for reasons that include her love for the reluctant-criminal turned superhero archer, Hawkeye.

text: First hints to Natalia Romanova's childhood come by Ivan Petrovich, who is introduced as her middle-aged chauffeur and confidant in the Black Widow's 1970s Amazing Adventures. The man tells Matt Murdock how he had been given custody of little Natasha by a woman just before her death during the Battle of Stalingrad in autumn 1942. He had consequently felt committed to raise the orphan as a surrogate father and she had eventually trained as a Soviet spy, being eager to help her homeland.[9] In another flashback, set in the fictional island of Madripoor in 1941, Petrovich helps Captain America and the mutant Logan, who would later become the Canadian super-agent and costumed hero Wolverine, to rescue Natasha from Nazis.[10]

text: A revised, retconned origin establishes her as being raised from very early childhood by the U.S.S.R.'s "Black Widow Ops" program, rather than solely by Ivan Petrovitch.[11] Petrovitch had taken her to Department X, with other young female orphans, where she was brainwashed, and trained in combat and espionage at the covert "Red Room" facility. There, she is biotechnologically and psycho-technologically enhanced—an accounting that provides a rationale for her unusually long and youthful lifespan. During that time she had some training under Winter Soldier, and the pair even had a short romance.[12] Each Black Widow is deployed with false memories to help ensure her loyalty. Romanova eventually discovers this, including the fact that she had never, as she had believed, been a ballerina. She further discovers that the Red Room is still active as "2R".

text: Natasha was arranged by the KGB to marry the renowned Soviet test pilot Alexei Shostakov. However, when the Soviet government decided to make Alexei into their new operative, the Red Guardian, he is told that he can have no further contact with his wife. Natasha is told that he had died and is trained as a secret agent separately.

text: The Avengers[edit]

text: Romanova grew up to serve as a femme fatale. She was assigned to assist Boris Turgenov in the assassination of Professor Anton Vanko for defecting from the Soviet Union, which served as her first mission in the United States. Natasha and Turgenov infiltrated Stark Industries as part of the plan.[13] She attempted to manipulate information from American defense contractor Tony Stark, and inevitably confronted his superhero alter ego, Iron Man. The pair then battled Iron Man, and Turgenov steals and wears the Crimson Dynamo suit. Vanko sacrificed himself to save Iron Man, killing Turgenov in the process, using an unstable experimental laser light pistol.[14] Romanova later meets the criminal archer Hawkeye and sets him against Iron Man,[15] and later helped Hawkeye battle Iron Man.[16]

text: Natasha once more attempted to get Hawkeye to help her destroy Iron Man. The pair almost succeeded, but when Black Widow was injured, Hawkeye retreated to get her to safety.[17] During this period, Romanova was attempting to defect from the Soviet Union and began falling in love with Hawkeye, weakening her loyalty to her country. When her employers learned the truth, the KGB had her gunned down, sending her to a hospital, convincing Hawkeye to go straight and seek membership in the Avengers.[18][19]

text: The Red Room kidnaps and brainwashes her again, and with the Swordsman and the first Power Man, she battles the Avengers.[20] She eventually breaks free from her psychological conditioning (with the help of Hawkeye), and does successfully defect, having further adventures with Spider-Man, with Hawkeye and with Daredevil.[volume & issue needed] She ultimately joins the Avengers as a costumed heroine herself.[21]

text: S.H.I.E.L.D. and Daredevil[edit]

text: Later still, she begins freelancing as an agent of the international espionage group S.H.I.E.L.D. She is sent on a secret S.H.I.E.L.D. mission to China by Nick Fury. There, with the Avengers, she battles Col. Ling, Gen. Brushov, and her ex-husband the Red Guardian.[22] For a time, as writer Les Daniels noted in a contemporaneous study in 1971,

text: ... her left-wing upbringing was put to better use, and she has lately taken to fighting realistic oppressor-of-the-people types. She helps young Puerto Ricans clean up police corruption and saves young hippies from organized crime.  ... [The splash page of Amazing Adventures #3 (Nov. 1970)] reflects the recent trend toward involving fantastic characters in contemporary social problems, a move which has gained widespread publicity for Marvel and its competitor, DC.[23]

text: During her romantic involvement with Matt Murdock in San Francisco, she operates as an independent superhero alongside Murdock's alter ego, Daredevil.[24] There she tries unsuccessfully to find a new career for herself as a fashion designer. Eventually, her relationship with Murdock stagnates, and after briefly working with Avengers finally breaks up with Murdock, fearing that playing "sidekick" is sublimating her identity.[25] During a HYDRA attempt to take over S.H.I.E.L.D., she is tortured to such an extent that she regresses back to an old cover identity of schoolteacher Nancy Rushman, but she is recovered by Spider-Man in time to help Nick Fury and Shang-Chi work out what had happened and restore her memory, with "Nancy" developing an attraction to Spider-Man before her memory is restored during the final fight against Madam Viper, Boomerang and the Silver Samurai.[26] She later returns to Matt Murdock's life to find he is romantically involved with another woman, Heather Glenn,[27] prompting her to leave New York.[28] Natasha ultimately realizes that Matt still only thinks of her in platonic terms, and elects to restrain herself from any advances.[29]

text: The Champions[edit]

text: After their breakup, the Widow moves to Los Angeles and becomes leader of the newly created and short-lived super team known as The Champions, consisting of her, Ghost Rider (Johnny Blaze), Hercules (with whom she has a brief romance), and former X-Men Angel and Iceman.[30]

text: Her friends usually call her "Natasha", the informal version of "Natalia". She has sometimes chosen the last-name alias "Romanoff"—evidently as a private joke on those who are not aware that Russian family names use different endings for males and females. She has been hinted to be a descendant of the deposed House of Romanov and a relation to Nicholas II of Russia.

text: 21st century[edit]

text: This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Natasha crosses Daredevil's (Matt Murdock) path again when he attempts to slay an infant he believes to be the Anti-Christ while under the influence of mind-altering drugs. After Daredevil's one-time love, Karen Page, dies protecting the child, Natasha reconciles with Murdock, revealing she still loves him, but noting that he is too full of anger to commit to a relationship with her.[31]

text: Natasha is challenged by Yelena Belova, a graduate from the training program through which Natasha herself was taught the espionage trade, who is the first to ever surpass Natasha's marks and considers herself the rightful successor to the "Black Widow" mantle.[32] Natasha refers to her as "little one" and "rooskaya (meaning "Russian"), and encourages her to discover her individuality rather than live in blind service, asking her "why be Black Widow, when you can be Yelena Belova?"[33] After several confrontations, Natasha subjects Yelena to intense psychological manipulation and suffering in order to teach her the reality of the espionage business, and an angry but disillusioned Yelena eventually returns home and temporarily quits being a spy. Although Matt Murdock is appalled by the cruelty of Natasha's treatment of Yelena, Nick Fury describes the action as Natasha's attempt at saving Yelena's life.[34] After bringing the Avengers and the Thunderbolts together to overcome Count Nefaria, Natasha supported Daredevil's short-lived efforts to form a new super-team to capture the Punisher, originally believed to be Nick Fury's murderer.[volume & issue needed] Despite recruitment endeavors, however, this vigilante group folded shortly after she and her teammate Dagger fought an army of renegade S.H.I.E.L.D. androids; ironically, she soon afterward worked with both Daredevil and Punisher against the European crime syndicate managed by the Brothers Grace.[volume & issue needed] Months later, her pursuit of war criminal Anatoly Krylenko led to a clash with Hawkeye, whose pessimism regarding heroic activities now rivaled her own.[volume & issue needed]

text: Shortly after the Scarlet Witch's insanity seemingly killed Hawkeye, and again disbanded the Avengers, Natasha, weary of espionage and adventure, travelled to Arizona but was targeted. Andrea discovers that other women had been trained in the Black Widow Program, and all are now being hunted down and killed[volume & issue needed] by the North Institute on behalf of the corporation Gynacon.[volume & issue needed] Natasha's investigations led her back to Russia, where she was appalled to learn the previously unimagined extent of her past manipulation, and she discovered the Widows were being hunted because Gynacon, having purchased Russian biotechnology from Red Room's successor agency 2R, wanted all prior users of the technology dead. Natasha finds and kills the mastermind of the Black Widow murders: Ian McMasters, Gynacon's aging CEO, who intended to use part of their genetic structure to create a new chemical weapon.[volume & issue needed] After killing McMasters, she clashed with operatives of multiple governments to help Sally Anne Carter, a girl Natasha had befriended in her investigations, whom she rescued with help from Daredevil and Yelena Belova.[volume & issue needed] She soon returned the favor for Daredevil by reluctantly working with Elektra Natchios to protect his new wife, Milla Donovan, from the FBI and others, although Yelena proved beyond help when she agreed to be transformed into the new Super-Adaptoid by A.I.M. and HYDRA.[volume & issue needed]

text: Civil War/Initiative[edit]

text: During the Superhero Civil War, Natasha becomes a supporter of the Superhuman Registration Act and a member of the taskforce led by Iron Man.[35] Afterward, the registered Natasha joins the reconstituted Avengers.[volume & issue needed] S.H.I.E.L.D. director Nick Fury is presumed killed,[volume & issue needed] and deputy director Maria Hill incapacitated,[volume & issue needed] so Natasha assumes temporary command of S.H.I.E.L.D. as the highest-ranking agent present.[volume & issue needed]

text: Later, Tony Stark assigns Natasha to convey the late Captain America's shield to a secure location, but is intercepted by her former lover, Bucky Barnes, the Winter Soldier, who steals the shield. Natasha and the Falcon then rescue Barnes from the Red Skull's minions, and bring him to the S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier, where Stark convinces Bucky to become the new Captain America. Afterward, Natasha accompanies Bucky as his partner for a brief time until she is called back by S.H.I.E.L.D.[36] She later rejoins him and Falcon for the final confrontation with the Red Skull, helping to rescue Sharon Carter. She and Bucky have restarted their relationship.[37] She later plays an important role in the capture of Hercules. However, due to her respect of the Greek god, she let him go.[38] Soon Natasha, along with the rest of the Avengers, gets involved in the current Skrull invasion.[39] Afterwards, she stayed as Bucky's partner.[40] She also assists former director Maria Hill in delivering a special form of data to Bucky.[41]

text: Thunderbolts[edit]

text: Norman Osborn discovered Yelena Belova breaking into an abandoned S.H.I.E.L.D. facility, and offered her the position of field leader of the new Thunderbolts. On her first mission, she and Ant-Man take control of Air Force One with the Goblin, Doc Samson, and the new President aboard.[42] It was suggested she faked her apparent death (as the Adaptoid) but it is never explained how.

text: A conversation with the Ghost implies that Yelena is working as a mole for someone else and that she may even be someone else disguised as Yelena. She is later seen talking privately through a comm-link to Nick Fury.[43]

text: Osborn orders Yelena to lead the current Thunderbolts to kill former Thunderbolt, Songbird. Fury orders "Yelena" to rescue and retrieve Songbird, for the information she might possess about Osborn and his operations. Yelena finds Songbird, and reveals to her that she was really Natasha Romanova in disguise.[44] She tries delivering Songbird to Fury, but the Thunderbolts have also followed them.[45] The trio are captured as Osborn reveals he had been impersonating Fury in messages all along to set Natasha up in order to strengthen the Thunderbolts and lead him to Fury. She and Songbird are brought to be executed but manage to escape when Ant-Man, Headsmen and Paladin turn on the rest of the Thunderbolts and let them go.[46]

text: Heroic Age[edit]

text: At the start of the "Heroic Age," Natasha is recruited by Steve Rogers into a new black-ops wing of the Avengers, dubbed the Secret Avengers. She travels to Dubai with her new teammate, Valkyrie, where they steal a dangerous artifact which the Beast then studies, noting that it seems like a distant cousin of the Serpent Crown.[47] In the story "Coppelia", she encounters a teenage clone of herself, code named "Tiny Dancer", whom she rescues from an arms dealer.[48]

text: Fear Itself[edit]

text: During the "Fear Itself" storyline, Black Widow and Peregrine are sent on a mission to free hostages being held in a Marseille cathedral by Rapido. He and a group of mercenaries are trying to exploit the panic over the events in Paris to steal France's nuclear arsenal.[49]

text: Ends of the Earth[edit]

text: During the "Ends of the Earth" storyline, involving one of Doctor Octopus' schemes, Natasha is one of only three heroes left standing after the Sinister Six defeat the Avengers,[50] joining Silver Sable and Spider-Man to track the Six (albeit because she was closest to Sable's cloaked ship after the Avengers were defeated rather than for her prowess).[51] She is later contacted by the Titanium Man to warn her and her allies about Doctor Octopus' attempt to rally other villains against Spider-Man.[52] She is knocked out along with Hawkeye by Iron Man during a battle against the Avengers when they were temporarily under Octavius' remote control.[53]

text: Secret Wars[edit]

text: During the incursion event between Earth-616 and Earth-1610, Natasha is involved in the final battle between the Marvel Universe's superheroes and the Ultimate Universe's Children of Tomorrow. She pilots a ship holding a handpicked few to restart humanity after the universe ends, copiloted by Jessica Drew. Her ship is shot down during the battle though, and she is killed in the ensuing explosion.[54]

text: As the evacuation of Earth-616 begins in light of the fact that Earth-1610 is about to come crashing down as part of the "Last Days" storyline, Black Widow is seen standing atop a building with Captain America who gives her a list of people to save and bring aboard the lifeboat. As she tells Sam she can't save them all, Sam explains it's Natasha's job to assist in the effort to save as many people as possible before Earth as they know it is destroyed. As she leaves, her mind transitions to Cold War Russia, where a young Natasha (here called Natalia) speaks with two Russian functionaries in the infamous "Red Room". She is given her first mission: travel to Cuba and locate a family called the Comienzas, who are at risk from Raúl Castro's regime and who may have information of vital importance to Russia. She is told to rendezvous with another agent, her classmate Marina, and befriend the family under the guise of a Russian businesswoman. Natasha assures them of her competency and leaves. When one of the officers questions her youth, the other assures him, "she's a killer. She will not disappoint." Natasha meets Marina in Cuba and the two friends catch up before meeting with the Comienzas that night at a local bar. Using her talent for deception, she casually and politely convinces the husband and wife that she's seeking inside information to help her import various goods into the country. The Comienzas explain they can't reveal said information, prompting Natasha to later explain to Marina that the family might need "a little push". Not too soon she effectively began terrorizing the family into desperation. First, she plants an American flag on their doorstep to mimic someone accusing them of defecting to the United States. Later after meeting with one of the Russian officers from the Red Room to report her progress, she detonated a car bomb outside their home when the first attempt didn't make them "nearly desperate enough". Following the car bomb explosion, Natasha declares the family is indeed desperate enough to reproach for information. Before letting Natasha go, the officer announces she has one additional task before her mission is over: Marina has become too much enamored with her civilian guise, and is now a security risk. Natasha will have to eliminate her.[55] Flipping to the present, Black Widow is saving as many people as she can, but she quickly flashback to Havana. Natasha and her then Red Room partner Marina are trying to help a family defect. Natasha's orders are simple: Kill the parents and make it public. When Natasha asks if she should kill the child too, her boss looks horrified that she would be so OK with that and tells her no. Having no problem following orders she sets up a meet and using a sniper rifle she takes out the pair without blinking. Next she shoots Marina's boyfriend then Marina herself. Next she shoots Marina's cat. Flipping back to the present, Black Widow is back saving people from the incursion as the reason that triggered Natasha's flashback is revealed ... a man she saved is holding his cat. This dark, heartless side of the Black Widow shows why she is trying so hard to do good today.[56]

text: Secret Empire[edit]

text: During the "Secret Empire" storyline, Black Widow appears as a member of the underground resistance at the time when most of the United States has been taken over by Hydra and Captain America who was brainwashed by Red Skull's clone using the powers of the sentient Cosmic Cube Kobik into believing that he was a Hydra sleeper agent.[57] While Hawkeye assembles a strike force of Hercules and Quicksilver to find the Cosmic Cube fragments, Black Widow sets off to kill Rogers herself reasoning that even if Rick's theory is true, the man Rogers was would prefer to die than be used in this manner. She finds herself followed by the Champions as she establishes her version of the Red Room.[58] While preparing to shoot Captain America with a sniper rifle, she rushes to prevent Miles Morales from killing him as predicted by Ulysses,[59] and is struck by his shield, breaking her neck and killing her.[60] Despite the return of the real Steve Rogers and the downfall of Hydra, Natasha's death, along with other casualties, remains.[61]

text: Clone of Natasha Romanova[edit]

text: However, while observing a dictator who recently rose to power due to his support of Hydra, Bucky witnesses the man being assassinated in such a manner that he believes only Natasha could have pulled off the kill, and believes he sees the Black Widow depart from her chosen vantage point.[62]

text: It was later discovered that Black Widow was actually cloned by the Black Widow Ops Program following her death. It's member Ursa Major bribed Epsilon Red to let him add her current memories while secretly disposing of the bad programming. The Black Widow Ops Program tasked the clone into taking out the remnants of Hydra and S.H.I.E.L.D.[63] She revealed herself to Winter Soldier and Hawkeye while also killing Orphan Maker. To keep them from interfering, the Black Widow clone locked Winter Soldier and Hawkeye in a safe room within the Red Room.[64] The Black Widow clone rose to the ranks of the Red Room while secretly persuading the recruits to turn against their masters. When Winter Soldier and Hawkeye arrived at the Red Room, the Black Widow clone dropped her cover where she began to kill her superiors, liberate the recruits, and destroy all the clones and Epsilon Red. When the authorities arrived, Black Widow left the Red Room where she left a note for Hawkeye to stop following her and for Winter Soldier to join her in ending the Red Room.[65]

text: During the "Infinity Countdown" storyline, the Black Widow clone traced a dead drop signal left by a revived Wolverine in Madripoor. She discovered that Wolverine had left the Space Infinity Gem in her care.[66] The Black Widow clone meets up with Doctor Strange who wants to dispose of the Space Stone. Doctor Strange did not want to take it as he knows what would happen if they are in the same proximity. She is among the Infinity Gem holders who are contacted by Doctor Strange stating that they need to reform the Infinity Watch in order to safeguard the Infinity Gems from such calamities like Thanos.[67]

text: Powers and abilities[edit]

text: The Black Widow has been enhanced by biotechnology that makes her body resistant to aging and disease and heals at an above human rate;[68] as well as psychological conditioning that suppresses her memory of true events as opposed to implanted ones of the past without the aid of specially designed system suppressant drugs.[volume & issue needed]

text: The white blood cells in her body are efficient enough to fight off any microbe, foreign body and others from her body, keeping her healthy and immune to most, if not all infections, diseases and disorders.[volume & issue needed]

text: Her agility is greater than that of an Olympic gold medalist. She can coordinate her body with balance, flexibility, and dexterity easily.[69]

text: Romanova has a gifted intellect.[70] She displays an uncanny affinity for psychological manipulation and can mask her real emotions perfectly. Like Steve Rogers, she possesses the ability to quickly process multiple information streams (such as threat assessment) and rapidly respond to changing tactical situations.[70]

text: The Black Widow is a world class athlete, gymnast, acrobat, aerialist capable of numerous complex maneuvers and feats, expert martial artist (including Jiu jitsu, Aikido,[71] Boxing,[71] Judo,[71] Karate,[71] Savate,[71] Ninjutsu,[72] various styles of Kung Fu and Kenpo), marksman and weapons specialist as well as having extensive espionage training.[73] She is also an accomplished ballerina.

text: Romanova is an expert tactician. She is a very effective strategist, tactician, and field commander. She has led the Avengers and even S.H.I.E.L.D. on one occasion.[70]

text: Equipment[edit]

text: The Black Widow uses a variety of equipment invented by Soviet scientists and technicians, with later improvements by S.H.I.E.L.D. scientists and technicians. She usually wears distinctively shaped bracelets which fire the Widow's Bite electro-static energy blasts that can deliver charges up to 30,000 volts, as well as "Widow's Line" grappling hooks, tear gas pellets, and a new element introduced during her ongoing series during the "Kiss or Kill" arc called the "Widow's Kiss"—an aerosol instant knock-out gas she has modified.[70] She wears a belt of metallic discs; some are disc-charges containing plastic explosives, while others have been shown to be compartments for housing other equipment. Her costume consists of synthetic stretch fabric equipped with micro-suction cups on fingers and feet, enabling her to adhere to walls and ceilings. In the 2006 "Homecoming" mini-series, she was seen using knives, unarmed combat, and various firearms, but she has since begun using her bracelets again.[70] While in disguise as Yelena Belova, when infiltrating the then Osborn-sanctioned Thunderbolts during "Dark Reign", she used a specialized multi-lens goggle/head-carapace that demonstrated various technical abilities enhancing vision and communication.[volume & issue needed] Later, she has used a modified gun based on her Widow's Bite wrist cartridge, during her adventures alongside the new Captain America.[73]

text: Supporting characters[edit]

text: Other versions[edit]

text: In other media[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text:
Black Widow was to be paired with Daredevil in a proposed live-action 1975 series created by and starring Angie Bowie as Black Widow with Ben Carruthers as Daredevil. However, the series never got past the development stage as no studio would take on the project.[74]
Black Widow appeared in the Iron Man portion of The Marvel Super Heroes, voiced by Peg Dixon.
Black Widow appears in The Super Hero Squad Show episode "Deadly is the Black Widow's Bite", voiced by Lena Headey.[75]
Black Widow appeared in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes,[76] voiced by Vanessa Marshall.[citation needed]
Black Widow appears in Iron Man: Armored Adventures, voiced by Ashleigh Ball.[citation needed]
Black Widow appears in Avengers Assemble, voiced by Laura Bailey.[77]
Black Widow appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Maximum Overload, voiced by Laura Bailey.
Black Widow appears in Ultimate Spider-Man: Web Warriors, with Laura Bailey reprising the role.[78] She appears in the episodes "Avenging Spider-Man, Part 1 and 2" and "Contest of Champions, Part 2".
Black Widow appears in the anime series, Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers.
Agent Carter features Dottie Underwood (Bridget Regan), a 1946 precursor to Black Widow who is an operative of Leviathan.[79]
Black Widow appears in the television special Lego Marvel Super Heroes: Avengers Reassembled, voiced again by Laura Bailey.[80]
Black Widow appears in the Spider-Man episode "Spider-Island" Part 2, voiced again by Laura Bailey.[81]
Black Widow appears in Lego Marvel Super Heroes - Black Panther: Trouble in Wakanda, voiced again by Laura Bailey.[82]

text: Film[edit]

text:
In 2004, Lionsgate Entertainment announced that a Black Widow motion picture, featuring the Natasha Romanova version, was in the script stage by screenwriter-director David Hayter.[83] Lionsgate subsequently dropped the project.[84]
The Ultimate version of Black Widow appears in the Ultimate Avengers animated direct-to-video movie and its sequel, Ultimate Avengers 2, voiced by Olivia d'Abo.
Scarlett Johansson portrays Natasha Romanoff/Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning in 2010.
Johansson made her debut appearance in Iron Man 2.[85] She was cast after a scheduling conflict forced Emily Blunt to drop out of the part.[86]
Johansson reprised the role in The Avengers (2012),[87] Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014),[88] Avengers: Age of Ultron (2015), Captain America: Civil War (2016),[89][90][91] Avengers: Infinity War (2018)[92] and will do so again for Infinity War's untitled 2019 sequel.[93]
Feige indicated interest in doing a solo Black Widow film in September 2010[94] and in February 2014, development work had begun on it,[95] with Jac Schaeffer hired in January 2018 to write the script.[96] That July, Cate Shortland was hired to direct.[97] Previously, director Neil Marshall had expressed interest in directing the film.[98]
Black Widow appears in the 2013 direct-to-video anime film Iron Man: Rise of Technovore,[99][100] voiced by Clare Grant.[citation needed]
Black Widow teams up with The Punisher in the anime film Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher, voiced by Jennifer Carpenter.[101]

text: Video games[edit]

text:
Black Widow appears in the 2005 Punisher video game.[citation needed] She appears in one level as a non-playable character (NPC) who fights alongside the Punisher. Black Widow was voiced by Saffron Henderson.
Black Widow appears in the video game Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, voiced by Nika Futterman.[citation needed] She is an exclusive character in the PlayStation Portable (PSP) version, and in all other versions of the game as a non-playable character; a sub-plot in the game has various heroes investigating the possibility that she is a traitor, although Fury later confirms that she was just conducting a discreet investigation into Doctor Doom's plans. A mod available for the PC version of the game unlocks her as a playable character.
Black Widow appears in Spider-Man: Web of Shadows, voiced by Salli Saffioti.[citation needed]
Nika Futterman reprises her role in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2, appearing as a boss if the player chooses to fight for the anti-Registration side.
Black Widow appears in the Iron Man 2 video game, voiced by Catherine Campion.[102]
Black Widow appears as a playable character in the Marvel Super Hero Squad: The Infinity Gauntlet video game, voiced by Grey DeLisle.[citation needed]
Black Widow is a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online, voiced by Laura Bailey.[citation needed]
Black Widow is a playable character in the Facebook game Marvel: Avengers Alliance.[citation needed]
Black Widow appears as a Heroes vs Heralds card in Ultimate Marvel vs Capcom 3. If Hawkeye defeats Street Fighter's Crimson Viper, he'll say, "Black Widow you ain't."[citation needed]
Black Widow is a playable character in Marvel Contest of Champions, and was granted to every player for participation in the Ultron tie-in quests.[citation needed]
Black Widow appears as a playable character in the 2012 fighting game Marvel Avengers: Battle for Earth.
Black Widow is available as downloadable content for the game LittleBigPlanet as part of "Marvel Costume Kit 5".[103]
Black Widow is a playable character in the MMORPG Marvel Heroes,[104] voiced by Julianne Buescher.[105]
Black Widow is a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes voiced by Laura Bailey.[106] She serves as one of the main story characters.
Black Widow is a playable character in Marvel Avengers Alliance Tactics.
Black Widow appears as a playable character in Disney Infinity: Marvel Super Heroes and Disney Infinity 3.0, again voiced by Laura Bailey.[107]
Four variants of Black Widow appear in the mobile game Marvel Puzzle Quest, the most recent of which being added to the game in September 2016.[108]
Black Widow appears as a playable character in the mobile game Marvel: Future Fight.
Black Widow is a playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers, voiced by Scarlett Johansson.[citation needed]
A teenage version of Black Widow appears as a playable character in Marvel Avengers Academy, voiced by Alison Brie.[109]
Black Widow appears as a downloadable character in Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite.[110]
Black Widow appears as a playable character in Marvel Powers United VR, again voiced by Laura Bailey.[105]

text: Motion comics[edit]

text: Black Widow appears in the Spider-Woman motion comics voiced by JoEllen Anklam. During this appearance she is masquerading as Yelena Belova.[citation needed]

text: Live performances[edit]

text: Black Widow appears in Marvel Universe: LIVE! as a member of the Avengers.[111]

text: Novels[edit]

text:
There are two Black Widow books in the Black Widow YA series, by Margaret Stohl.[112][113]
Black Widow: Forever Red (2015)
Black Widow: Red Vengeance (2016)[114]
Black Widow appears in the prose novel adaptation of the event comic The Death of Captain America.[115]
Black Widow appears in the prose novel adaptation of the event comic Civil War.[116]
Black Widow appears in Avengers: Everybody Wants To Rule The World which is a tie-in to Avengers: Age of Ultron.[117]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Black Widow was ranked as the 176th greatest comic book character in Wizard magazine.[118] IGN also ranked her as the 74th greatest comic book character stating that wherever conspiracy and treachery are afoot, you can expect the Black Widow to appear to save the day,[119] and as #42 on their list of the "Top 50 Avengers".[120] She was ranked 31st in Comics Buyer's Guide's "100 Sexiest Women in Comics" list.[121]

text: Collected editions[edit]

text:
#

Title
Material Collected

Publication Date
ISBN

Black Widow vol. 1: Homecoming
Black Widow vol. 2, #1–6

May 11, 2005
0-7851-1493-9

Black Widow vol. 2: The Things They Say About Her
Black Widow vol. 3, #1–6

June 7, 2006
0-7851-1768-7

Black Widow: The Sting of the Widow
Tales of Suspense #52, The Amazing Spider-Man #86, Amazing Adventures vol. 2 #1–8, and Daredevil #81

September 2, 2009
0-7851-3794-7

Black Widow: Deadly Origin
Black Widow: Deadly Origin #1–4

March 17, 2010
0-7851-4301-7

Black Widow: Web of Intrigue
Marvel Fanfare #10–13, Bizarre Adventures #25, and Black Widow: The Coldest War

April 7, 2010
0-7851-4474-9

Black Widow & The Marvel Girls
Black Widow & The Marvel Girls #1-4

April 21, 2010
978-0785146995

Black Widow: The Name of the Rose
Black Widow vol. 4 #1–5 and material from Enter the Heroic Age one-shot

January 5, 2011
0-7851-4354-8

Black Widow: Kiss or Kill
Black Widow vol. 4 #6–8 and material from Iron Man: Kiss and Kill one-shot

August 10, 2011
0-7851-4701-2

Hawkeye & Mockingbird / Black Widow: Widowmaker
Solo Avengers #16–18, Widowmaker #1–4

April 20, 2011
0-7851-5205-9

Black Widow: The Itsy-Bitsy Spider
Black Widow vol. 1, #1–3; Black Widow vol. 2, #1–3

November 16, 2011
0-7851-5827-8

Marvel's the Avengers: Black Widow Strikes
Marvel's the Avengers: Black Widow Strikes #1-3

September 19, 2012
978-0785165682

Captain America and Black Widow
Captain America and Black Widow 636-640

February 26, 2013
978-0785165286

Volume 5

1

The Finely Woven Thread
Black Widow Vol. 5 #1-6, All-New Marvel Now! Point One

July 29, 2014
978-0785188193

2

The Tightly Tangled Web
Black Widow Vol. 5 #7-12, The Punisher (2014) #9

February 3, 2015
978-0785188209

3

Last Days
Black Widow Vol. 5 #13-20

October 13, 2015
0785192530

Volume 6

1

SHIELD's Most Wanted

Black Widow Vol. 6 #1-6

136

November 8, 2016

978-0785199755

2

No More Secrets

Black Widow Vol. 6 #7-12

May 9, 2017

978-0785199762


document_title: Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)

question_text: who plays queen of hearts in alice in wonderland

root

text: Alice in Wonderland (2010 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Troubled by a strange recurring dream and mourning the loss of her father, 19-year-old Alice Kingsleigh attends a garden party at Lord Ascot's estate. There, she is confronted by an unwanted marriage proposal to Lord Ascot's son, Hamish and the stifling expectations of the society in which she lives. Unsure of how to proceed, she pursues a rabbit wearing a blue waistcoat and accidentally falls into a large rabbit hole under a tree. She emerges in a forest where she is greeted by Nivens McTwisp the White Rabbit, Mallymkun the Dormouse, the Dodo, the Talking Flowers, and Tweedledee and Tweedledum. They argue over whether Alice is "the right Alice" who must slay Iracebeth of Grims the Red Queen's Jabberwocky and restore Mirana of Marmoral the White Queen to power, as foretold by Absolem the Caterpillar and his prophetic scroll. The group is then ambushed by the Bandersnatch and a group of playing-card soldiers led by Ilosovic Stayne the Knave of Hearts. Alice, Tweedledum and Tweedledee escape into the woods. The Knave steals the Caterpillar's scroll. Mallymkun leaves the others behind with one of the Bandersnatch's eyes in her possession. Tweedle Dum and Tweedle Dee are then captured by the Red Queen's Jubjub bird.

tag: p

text: The Knave informs the Red Queen that Alice threatens her reign, and the soldiers and Bayard the Bloodhound are ordered to find Alice immediately. Meanwhile, the Cheshire Cat guides Alice to Thackery Earwicket the March Hare and Tarrant Hightopp the Mad Hatter. The Hatter helps Alice avoid capture by allowing himself to be seized instead. Later, Alice is found by Bayard the Bloodhound; but Alice insists upon helping the Hatter. At the Red Queen's citadel and palace (which is named Salazan Grum), the Red Queen is unaware of Alice's true identity and therefore welcomes her as a guest, named Um from Umbridge. Alice learns that the Vorpal sword, the only weapon capable of killing the Jabberwock, is locked inside the den of the Bandersnatch. The Knave attempts to seduce Alice, but she rebuffs him, causing a jealous Red Queen to order that Alice be beheaded. Alice obtains the sword and befriends the Bandersnatch by returning its eye. She then escapes on the back of the grateful Bandersnatch and delivers the sword to the White Queen. The Cheshire Cat saves the Hatter from the executioner, and the Hatter calls for rebellion against the Red Queen. The rebellion is quickly put down by the Jubjub bird, but the resistance flees to the White Queen's castle, and both armies prepare for battle. Former caterpillar Absolem advises Alice to fight the Jabberwocky just before completing his transformation into a pupa.

text: On the appointed day, the White Queen and the Red Queen gather their armies on a chessboard-like battlefield and send Alice and the Jabberwocky to decide the battle in single combat. Encouraged by the advice of her late father, Alice fights the Jabberwocky among the ruins surrounding the battlefield and finally jumps from the remains of a spiral staircase onto the Jabberwocky's neck and beheads it. During this fight, a falling masonry stone kills the Jubjub bird. The White Queen banishes the Red Queen and the Knave into exile. After the Hatter performs a celebration dance called Futterwacken, the White Queen gives Alice a vial of the Jabberwocky's purple blood whose power will bring her whatever she wishes. She decides to rejoin the everyday world, after saying farewell to his friends (especially the Hatter). Back in England, Lord Ascot takes Alice as his apprentice with the idea of establishing oceanic trade routes to Hong Kong. As the story closes, Alice prepares to set off on a trading ship. A light-blue butterfly with dark vein markings lands on her shoulder, and Alice recognizes him as Absolem.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Mia Wasikowska as Alice Kingsleigh. When creating the character, screenwriter Linda Woolverton researched how young women were expected to behave in the Victorian era and then made her the opposite.[7] Wasikowska read Carroll's books as a child and re-read them to prepare for her role. She also watched Jan Švankmajer's Alice. She said, "When we were kids, my mum would pop it in the VCR player. We would be disturbed, and wouldn't really understand it, but we couldn't look away because it was too intriguing. So I had kept that feeling about Alice, a kind of haunting feeling."[8] Although facing pressures to conform to society's expectations, Alice grows into a stronger-willed and empowered heroine who chooses her own path; Independent columnist Liz Hoggard praised Alice as a role model for girls, describing the character as "stubborn, brave, [and] non-girlie".[7][9] Mairi Ella Challen portrayed Alice as a six-year-old girl.[10]
Johnny Depp as Tarrant Hightopp, The Mad Hatter.[11] Wasikowska said that the characters, "both feel like outsiders and feel alone in their separate worlds, and have a special bond and friendship."[12][13] Burton explained that Depp "tried to find a grounding to the character … as opposed to just being mad."[14] Burton also said that, "In a lot of versions it's a very one-note kind of character and you know [Depp's] goal was to try and bring out a human side to the strangeness of the character."[14] The orange hair is an allusion to the mercury poisoning suffered by hatters who used mercury to cure felt; Depp believes that the character "was poisoned … and it was coming out through his hair, through his fingernails and eyes".[15] Depp and Burton decided that the Hatter's clothes, skin, hair, personality and accent would change throughout the film to reflect his emotions.[16] In an interview with Depp, the character was paralleled to "a mood ring, [as] his emotions are very close to the surface".[17] The Hatter is "made up of different people and their extreme sides", with a gentle voice much like the character's creator Lewis Carroll reflecting the lighter personality and with a Scottish Glaswegian accent (which Depp modeled after Gregor Fisher's Rab C. Nesbitt character) reflecting a darker, more dangerous personality.[18] Illusionary dancer David "Elsewhere" Bernal doubled for Depp during the "Futterwacken" sequence near the end of the film.[19]
Helena Bonham Carter as Iracebeth of Crims, the Red Queen. She is an amalgamation of two Carroll characters: the Red Queen and the Queen of Hearts.[11] Her first name is a play on the word irascible because she is easily irritated, obstreperous, impatient, and quick to anger.[20] Bonham Carter's head was digitally increased to three times its original size on screen.[21][22] The character hates animals, and chooses to use them as servants and furniture.[23] It is implied that the Red Queen beheaded her former husband, the King. The actress took inspiration from her young daughter Nell, a toddler, stating that, "The Red Queen is just like a toddler, because she's got a big head and she's a tyrant."
Anne Hathaway as Mirana of Marmoreal, the White Queen.[11] She was one of few characters that did not require digital manipulation.[24] Hathaway summed up her character with a caption on a magnet of Happy Bunny holding a knife; "Cute but psycho. Things even out."[25] According to Hathaway, "She comes from the same gene pool as the Red Queen. She really likes the dark side, but she's so scared of going too far into it that she's made everything appear very light and happy. But she's living in that place out of fear that she won't be able to control herself."[26] Hathaway described her interpretation of the White Queen as "a punk-rock vegan pacifist", with inspiration drawn from Debbie Harry, Greta Garbo, and the artwork of Dan Flavin.[26] Burton said that the White Queen's appearance was inspired by Nigella Lawson.[27]
Crispin Glover played Ilosovic Stayne, the Knave of Hearts.[11] The Knave of Hearts is arrogant and tricky. While he follows the Red Queen's every order, he is the only one capable of calming her dramatic mood swings. Glover said, "The Red Queen has a fair amount of short-tempered reactions to things that people do, and so [the Knave] has to be quite diplomatic." The Red Queen believes that the Knave of Hearts is her lover, but this proves to be false.
Matt Lucas portrayed both Tweedledee and Tweedledum. Burton commented on the mixture of animation and Lucas, saying that "It's a weird mixture of things which gives his characters the disturbing quality that they so richly deserve."[28] The characters are portrayed through a combination of CGI and live-action, with Lucas's face digitally composited to a full animated body. While performing the character, Lucas had to wear a teardrop-shaped motion capture suit and walk on stilts. In order to play both characters, Lucas was doubled by Ethan Cohn.
Frances de la Tour as Imogene, Alice's aunt.[29] She is suffering from severe delusions and is constantly awaiting her fictional fiancé whom she believes to be a prince.
Leo Bill as Hamish Ascot, Alice's would-be fiancé.[29]

tag: ul

text: Marton Csokas makes a cameo appearance as Alice's deceased father in the film's opening scene and Alice's mother is played by Lindsay Duncan. Lord and Lady Ascot are played by Tim Pigott-Smith and Geraldine James, respectively. Eleanor Tomlinson and Eleanor Gecks play the Cathaway sisters, who bear a strong resemblance to Tweedledum and Tweedledee. Jemma Powell appears briefly as Alice's sister, Margaret, while Margaret's unfaithful husband Lowell is played by John Hopkins.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Michael Sheen voiced Nivens McTwisp, the White Rabbit.[11][30] Sheen said the character "is such an iconic character that [he] didn't feel like [he] should break the mold too much."[31] Burton said the quality he wanted most in his clock-watching bunny was a twitchiness, also commenting that "[in] any incarnation of the [White Rabbit] through the years, there's that sort of nervousness of a rabbit."[31]
Alan Rickman voiced Absolem, the Caterpillar.[11] Rickman was originally going to have his face composited onto the animated Caterpillar. He was filmed recording his voice in the studio, but the idea was eventually scrapped. The animators did, however, try to give Absolem's face characteristics similar to Rickman's.[22]
Stephen Fry voiced Chess, the Cheshire Cat.[11][32] Burton stated that the character had a creepy quality in addition to tapping into his own hatred of cats.[33][34] The role was intended to be played by Michael Sheen but he changed his role to the White Rabbit due to scheduling conflicts.
Barbara Windsor voiced Mallymkun, the Dormouse.[11] Burton said that he sought after Windsor for the role because he was a fan of her TV show EastEnders. Her voice sealed the deal for her role as the character.[35]
Timothy Spall voiced Bayard, the Bloodhound. Although Bayard does not appear in the book, a similar character named The Puppy is likely the inspiration for the character.
Paul Whitehouse voiced Thackery Earwicket, the March Hare.[11] Burton stated that because Whitehouse is a great comedic actor, a lot of his lines came from improvisation.[36]
Michael Gough voiced Uilleam, the Dodo.[11] Burton said that Gough was the first person he thought of for the role of the Dodo because he has "a full life quality to his voice".[37] The character only speaks three lines, that Gough recorded in a day. This would be Gough's final acting role; he died a year after its release, aged 94. Gough had previously portrayed the March Hare in the 1966 TV play of the book.
Christopher Lee voiced the Jabberwock. While it only had two lines, Burton said that he felt Lee to be a good match for the iconic character because he is "an iconic guy".[38] For the character, Lee had originally tried to make his voice "burble" (as described in the poem "Jabberwocky"). However, Burton convinced him to use his actual voice, as he found it more intimidating and aggressive.
Imelda Staunton voiced the Tall Flower Faces. Though there are many flowers that appear around Underland, only one of them speaks and one of them is clearly a caricature of Staunton.[39] Staunton only speaks three lines that are heard very briefly at the beginning of the film.
Jim Carter voiced the Red Queen's executioner. The Executioner only speaks one line and appears extremely briefly, though Carter also voiced several other servants to the Red Queen.

text: Frank Welker provided additional voices and vocal effects; including roars of the Jabberwocky and Bandersnatch, squawks for the Jubjub bird, and Bayard barking.[39] Rickman, Windsor, Fry, Gough, Lee, Staunton and Carter each took only a day to record their dialogue.[39]

text: Burton and Bonham Carter's children Billy and Nell made cameo appearances as a boy and baby at the dock in the end of the film.

text: Production[edit]

text: Tim Burton signed with Walt Disney Pictures to direct two films in Disney Digital 3D, which included Alice in Wonderland[40] and his remake of Frankenweenie. Burton developed the story because he never felt an emotional tie to the original book.[41]

text: He explained "the goal is to try to make it an engaging movie where you get some of the psychology and kind of bring a freshness but also keep the classic nature of Alice." On prior versions, Burton said "It was always a girl wandering around from one crazy character to another, and I never really felt any real emotional connection." His goal with the new film is to give the story "some framework of emotional grounding" and "to try and make Alice feel more like a story as opposed to a series of events."[14] Burton focused on the poem "Jabberwocky" as part of his structure,[42] and refers to the described creature by the name of the poem rather than by the name "Jabberwock" used in the poem. Burton also stated that he does not see his version as either a sequel to any existing Alice film nor as a "re-imagining".[41] However, the idea of the climax of the story being Alice's battle with the Queen's champion, the Jabberwocky, was first added in the video game American McGee's Alice, and the landscape, tower, weapons and appearance of Alice in those scenes of the film are very reminiscent of the same scenes in the game.

text:
We wanted somebody who had… it's hard to put into words, but just had a gravity to her, an internal life, something that you could see the wheels turning. It's just a simple kind of power to her that we really liked. Not flamboyant, not very showy, but just somebody that's got a lot of internal life to her. That's why I picked her.

—Burton on casting Mia Wasikowska as Alice[43]

tag: table

text: This film was originally set to be released in 2009 but was pushed back to March 5, 2010.[44] Principal photography was scheduled for May 2008, but did not begin until September and concluded in three months.[40][45] Scenes set in the Victorian era were shot at Torpoint and Plymouth from September 1 to October 14 (Mia Wasikowska's birthday). Two hundred and fifty local extras were chosen in early August. Locations included Antony House in Torpoint, Charlestown, Cornwall and the Barbican,[46][47] however, no footage from the Barbican was used. Motion capture filming began in early October at Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City, California, though the footage was later discarded.[48][49][50] Filming also took place at Culver Studios.[51] Burton said that he used a combination of live action and animation, without motion capture.[52] He also noted that this was the first time he had filmed on a green screen.[52] Filming of the green screen portions, comprising 90% of the film, was completed after only 40 days.[53] Many of the cast and crew felt nauseated as a result of the long hours surrounded by green, and Burton had lavender lenses fitted into his glasses to counteract the effect.[53] Due to the constant need for digital effects to distort the actors' physical appearances, such as the size of the Red Queen's head or Alice's height, visual effects supervisor Ken Ralston cited the film as being exhausting, saying it was "The biggest show I've ever done, [and] the most creatively involved I've ever been."[54]

text: Sony Pictures Imageworks designed the visual effects sequences.[55] Burton felt 3D was appropriate to the story's environment.[13] Burton and Zanuck chose to film with conventional cameras, and convert the footage into 3D during post-production; Zanuck explained 3D cameras were too expensive and "clumsy" to use, and they felt that there was no difference between converted footage and those shot in the format.[56] James Cameron, who released his 3D film Avatar in December 2009, criticized the choice, stating, "It doesn't make any sense to shoot in 2-D and convert to 3-D".[57]

text: Music[edit]

text: Score[edit]

text:
Alice in Wonderland: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack

Film score by Danny Elfman

Released
March 2, 2010

Genre
Orchestral, Classical, Pop

Length
50:59

Label
Walt Disney

text: Longtime Burton collaborator Danny Elfman's score was released March 2, 2010.[58] It debuted at #89 on the Billboard Top 200 albums chart.[59]

text: Almost Alice[edit]

text: Almost Alice is a collection of various artists' music inspired by the film.[58][60][61] The lead single, "Alice" by Avril Lavigne, premiered on January 27, 2010 on Ryan Seacrest's radio program. Other singles include "Follow Me Down" by 3OH!3, "Her Name Is Alice" by Shinedown, and "Tea Party" by Kerli.[62] The album was released on March 2, 2010.[58]

text: Release[edit]

text: On February 12, 2010, major UK cinema chains, Odeon, Vue, and Cineworld, had planned to boycott the film because of a reduction of the interval between cinema and DVD release from the usual 17 weeks to 12 (possibly to avoid the release of the DVD clashing with the 2010 FIFA World Cup, which was Disney's pretext for cutting short Alice's theatrical run but UK exhibitors protested that Alice would be less threatened by the World Cup than other titles).[63] A week after the announcement, Cineworld, who has a 24% share of UK box office, chose to play the film on more than 150 screens. Cineworld's chief executive Steve Wiener stated, "As leaders in 3D, we did not want the public to miss out on such a visual spectacle. As the success of Avatar has shown, there is currently a huge appetite for the 3D experience".[64] Shortly after, the Vue cinema chain also reached an agreement with Disney, but Odeon had still chosen to boycott in Britain, Ireland, and Italy.[65] On February 25, 2010 Odeon had reached an agreement and decided to show the film on March 5, 2010.[66] The Royal premiere took place at the Odeon Leicester Square in London on February 25, 2010 for the fundraiser The Prince's Foundation for Children and The Arts where the Prince of Wales and the Duchess of Cornwall attended. It also did not affect their plans to show the film in Spain, Germany, Portugal, and Austria.[65][67][68] The film was released in the U.S. and UK, in both Disney Digital 3D and IMAX 3D,[45] as well as regular theaters on March 5, 2010.[69]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On June 22, 2009, the first pictures of the film were released, showing Depp as the Mad Hatter, Hathaway as the White Queen, Bonham Carter as the Red Queen and Lucas as Tweedledee and Tweedledum.[45] A new image of Alice was also released.[70] In July, new photos emerged of Alice holding a white rabbit, the Mad Hatter with a hare, the Red Queen holding a pig, and the White Queen with a mouse.[71]

text: On July 22, 2009, a teaser trailer from the Mad Hatter's point of view was released on IGN but was shortly taken down because Disney claimed that the trailer was not supposed to be out yet. The teaser was also planned to premiere along with a trailer of Robert Zemeckis' film adaptation of A Christmas Carol on July 24, 2009 for G-Force. The following day, the teaser trailer premiered at Comic-Con but the trailer shown was different from the one that leaked. The ComicCon version didn't have the Mad Hatter's dialogue. Instead, it featured "Time to Pretend" by MGMT, and the clips shown were in different order than in the leaked version. The leaked version was originally to be shown to one of the three Facebook groups used to promote the film that had the most members. The groups used to promote the film are "The Loyal Subjects of the Red Queen", "The Loyal Subjects of the White Queen" and "The Disloyal Subjects of the Mad Hatter".[72]

text: Also at ComicCon, props from the film were displayed in an "Alice in Wonderland" exhibit. Costumes featured in the exhibit included the Red Queen's dress, chair, wig, spectacles, and scepter; the White Queen's dress, wig and a small model of her castle; the Mad Hatter's suit, hat, wig, chair and table; Alice's dress and battle armor (to slay the Jabberwocky). Other props included the "DRINK ME" bottles, the keys, an "EAT ME" pastry and stand-in models of the White Rabbit and March Hare.[73]

text: A nighttime party area at the Disney California Adventure theme park was created, called "Mad T Party".

text: Video games[edit]

text: On July 23, 2009, Disney Interactive Studios announced that an Alice in Wonderland video game, developed by French game studio Étranges Libellules, would be released in the same week as the film for the Wii, Nintendo DS, and Microsoft Windows. The soundtrack was composed by video games music composer Richard Jacques.[74] The Wii, DS, and PC versions were released on March 2, 2010.

text: Disney Interactive released in 2013 the game Alice in Wonderland: A New Champion for iOS.[75]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released a three-disc Blu-ray combo pack (which includes the Blu-ray, DVD and a digital copy), single-disc Blu-ray and single-disc DVD on June 1, 2010 in the US and July 1, 2010 in Australia.[76] The DVD release includes three short features about the making of the film, focusing on Burton's vision for Wonderland and the characters of Alice and the Mad Hatter. The Blu-ray version has nine additional featurettes centered on additional characters, special effects and other aspects of the film's production.[77] In some confusion, a small number of copies were put on shelves a week before schedule in smaller stores, but were quickly removed, although a handful of copies were confirmed purchased ahead of schedule.

text: In its first week of release (June 1–6, 2010), it sold 2,095,878 DVD units (equivalent to $35,441,297) and topped the DVD sales chart for two continuous weeks. By May 22, 2011, it had sold 4,313,680 units ($76,413,043). It failed to crack the 2010 top ten DVDs list in terms of units sold, but reached 10th place on that chart in terms of sales revenue.[78][79]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Alice in Wonderland has grossed $334,191,110 in North America and $691,276,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $1,025,467,110 against a budget of $200 million.[5][80][81] Worldwide, it is currently the twenty-eighth-highest-grossing film[82] and the second-highest-grossing 2010 film.[83] It is the third-highest-grossing film starring Johnny Depp,[84] the highest-grossing film directed by Tim Burton.[85] The second-highest-grossing film of Anne Hathaway and the second-highest-grossing children's book adaptation (worldwide, as well as in North America and outside North America separately).[86]

text: On its first weekend, the film made $220.1 million worldwide, marking the second-largest opening ever for a movie not released during the summer or the holiday period (behind The Hunger Games), the fourth-largest for a Disney-distributed film and the fourth-largest among 2010 films.[87] It dominated for three consecutive weekends at the worldwide box office.[88][89][90][91] On May 26, 2010, its 85th day of release, it became the sixth film ever to surpass the $1 billion mark and the second film that had been released by Walt Disney Studios that did so.[92][93]

text: In the United States and Canada Alice in Wonderland is the forty-fourth-highest-grossing film but out of the top 100 when adjusted for inflation. It is also the second-highest-grossing 2010 film, behind Toy Story 3,[94] the second-highest-grossing film starring Johnny Depp[84] and the highest-grossing film directed by Tim Burton.[85] The film opened on March 5, 2010, on approximately 7,400 screens at 3,728 theaters with $40,804,962 during its first day, $3.9 million of which came from midnight showings,[95] ranking number one and setting a new March opening-day record.[96] Alice earned $116.1 million on its opening weekend, breaking the record for the largest opening weekend in March (previously held by 300),[97] the record for the largest opening weekend during springtime (previously held by Fast and Furious), the largest opening weekend for a non-sequel (previously held by Spider-Man)[98] and the highest one for the non-holiday, non-summer period. However, all of these records were broken by The Hunger Games ($152.5 million) in March 2012.[99][100] Alice made the seventeenth-highest-grossing opening weekend ever[101] and the fifth-largest among 3D films.[102] Opening-weekend grosses originating from 3D showings were $81.3 million (70% of total weekend gross). This broke the record for the largest opening-weekend 3D grosses[103][104] but it was later topped by Marvel's The Avengers ($108 million).[105] It had the largest weekend per-theater average of 2010 ($31,143 per theater) and the largest for a PG-rated film.[106] It broke the IMAX opening-weekend record[107] by earning $12.2 million on 188 IMAX screens, with an average of $64,197 per site. The record was first overtaken by Deathly Hallows – Part 2 ($15.2 million).[104] Alice remained in first place for three consecutive weekends at the North American box office.[108][109] Alice closed in theaters on July 8, 2010 with $334.2 million.

text: Outside North America, Alice is the thirteenth-highest-grossing film,[110] the highest-grossing 2010 film,[111] the fourth-highest-grossing Disney film, the second-highest-grossing film starring Johnny Depp[84] and the highest-grossing film directed by Tim Burton.[85] It began with an estimated $94 million, on top of the weekend box office, and remained at the summit for four consecutive weekends and five in total.[112][113] Japan was the film's highest-grossing country after North America, with $133.7 million, followed by the UK, Ireland and Malta ($64.4 million), and France and the Maghreb region ($45.9 million).[114]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 52% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 265 reviews; the average score is 5.7/10. The consensus is: "Tim Burton's Alice sacrifices the book's minimal narrative coherence—and much of its heart—but it's an undeniable visual treat".[115] Metacritic rated it 53/100 based on 38 reviews.[116]

text: Todd McCarthy of Variety praised it for its "moments of delight, humor and bedazzlement", but went on to say, "But it also becomes more ordinary as it goes along, building to a generic battle climax similar to any number of others in CGI-heavy movies of the past few years".[117] Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter said "Burton has delivered a subversively witty, brilliantly cast, whimsically appointed dazzler that also manages to hit all the emotionally satisfying marks", while as well praising its computer-generated imagery (CGI), saying "Ultimately, it's the visual landscape that makes Alice's newest adventure so wondrous, as technology has finally been able to catch up with Burton's endlessly fertile imagination."[118] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly said, "But Burton's Disneyfied 3-D Alice in Wonderland, written by the girl-power specialist Linda Woolverton, is a strange brew indeed: murky, diffuse, and meandering, set not in a Wonderland that pops with demented life but in a world called Underland that's like a joyless, bombed-out version of Wonderland. It looks like a CGI head trip gone post apocalyptic. In the film's rather humdrum 3-D, the place doesn't dazzle—it droops."[119] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film three out of four stars and wrote in his review that, "Alice plays better as an adult hallucination, which is how Burton rather brilliantly interprets it until a pointless third act flies off the rails."[120] The market research firm CinemaScore found that audiences gave the film an average rating of "A-".[121]

text: Several reviews criticized the decision to turn Alice into a "colonialist entrepreneur" at the end of the film setting sail for China.[122][123][124] Given Britain's role in the First and Second Opium Wars during the Victorian era and the foreign domination of China through "unequal treaties", China expert Kevin Slaten writes, "Not only is it troubling imagery, for a female role model in a Disney movie, but it's also a celebration of the exploitation that China suffered for a century."[125]

text: Game developer American McGee, best known for creating Alice and Alice: Madness Returns, was asked in a 2011 interview about Tim Burton's interpretation of the title character since both versions share almost similar dark and twisted tone of Wonderland. McGee praised the film's visuals and audio but criticized the lack of screen time Alice had compared to the other characters. He felt Alice did not have any purpose in the story and that she was merely used as a "tool".[126]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Recipient
Result

83rd Academy Awards[127]
Best Art Direction
Robert Stromberg
Karen O'Hara
Won

Best Visual Effects
Ken Ralston
David Schaub
Carey Villegas
Sean Phillips
Nominated

Best Costume Design
Colleen Atwood
Won

64th British Academy Film Awards[128]
Best Costume Design
Won

Best Film Music
Danny Elfman
Nominated

Best Production Design
Robert Stromberg
Karen O’Hara
Nominated

Best Special Visual Effects
Ken Ralston
David Schaub
Carey Villegas
Sean Phillips
Nominated

Best Makeup and Hair

Won

68th Golden Globe Awards[129]
Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy

Nominated

Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
Johnny Depp
Nominated

Best Original Score
Danny Elfman
Nominated

53rd Grammy Awards
Best Score Soundtrack Album For Motion Picture, Television Or Other Visual Media
Nominated

9th Annual Visual Effects Society Awards (VES Awards)[130]
Outstanding Visual Effects in a Visual Effects-Driven Feature Motion Picture
Ken Ralston
Carey Villegas
David Schaub
Tom Peitzman
Nominated

Outstanding Compositing in a Feature Motion Picture (Stolen Tarts)
Lisa Deaner
Orde Stevanoski
Aaron Kupferman
Ruben Flores
Nominated

15th Annual Satellite Awards[131]
Best Visual Effects
Ken Ralston
Carey Villegas
David Schaub
Sean Phillips
Won

Best Costume Design
Colleen Atwood
Won

Best Art Direction & Production Design
Robert Stromberg
Stefan Dechant
Nominated

Best Motion Picture, Animated or Mixed Media

Nominated

Best Original Song
Avril Lavigne
Nominated

37th Saturn Awards
Best Fantasy Film

Won

Best Costume

Won

Best Make-Up

Nominated

Best Production Design

Nominated

Best Special Effects
Ken Ralston
Carey Villegas
David Schaub
Tom Peitzman
Nominated

Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
Best Costume Design
Colleen Atwood
Won

Best Makeup
Jaremy Aiello
Won

Best Visual Effects
Ken Ralston
Carey Villegas
David Schaub
Tom Peitzman
Nominated

Best Art Direction
Robert Stromberg
Karen O'Hara
Nominated

2011 Kids' Choice Awards[132]
Favorite Movie

Nominated

Favorite Movie Actor
Johnny Depp
Won

MTV Movie Awards
Global Superstar
Nominated

Best Movie

Nominated

Best Villain
Helena Bonham Carter
Nominated

National Movie Awards
Best Performance
Nominated

Johnny Depp
Nominated

Best Fantasy

Nominated

People's Choice Awards[133]
Favorite Movie
Nominated

Favorite Drama Movie
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie: Fantasy
Nominated

Choice Movie Actor: Fantasy
Johnny Depp
Nominated

Choice Movie: Female Scene Stealer
Anne Hathaway
Nominated

Choice Movie Actress: Fantasy
Mia Wasikowska
Nominated

Choice Movie: Female Breakout Star
Nominated

Choice Movie: Fight
Mia Wasikowska vs. The Jabberwock
Won

2010 Scream Awards
Ultimate Scream

Nominated

Best Fantasy Movie

Nominated

Best Director
Tim Burton
Nominated

Best Fantasy Actress
Mia Wasikowska
Nominated

Best Breakout Performance – Female
Nominated

Best Fantasy Actor
Johnny Depp
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress
Anne Hathaway
Won

3-D Top Three

Nominated

AD First Half of the Year Awards[134]
Best Art Direction

Nominated

Best Visual Effects
Won

Best Make Up
Nominated

MTV Fan Music Awards
Best Movie Song
Avril Lavigne
Won

ChartAttack's 16th Annual Year-End Readers' Poll
Best Song
Avril Lavigne
Won

text: Impact[edit]

text: After the release and success of the movie, Walt Disney Pictures has announced the development of several live-action adaptations of their Animated Classics series.[135][136] Maleficent, Cinderella, The Jungle Book, and Beauty and the Beast have followed to similar box-office results with the latter three also earning critical praise. Disney has also announced the development of live-action adaptations of Christopher Robin,[137] Dumbo,[138] Aladdin,[139] The Lion King,[140] Mulan,[141] Pinocchio,[142] Fantasia,[143] The Sword in the Stone,[144] The Black Cauldron,[145] Peter Pan,[146] The Little Mermaid,[147] and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.[148] The company also has plans for live-action spin-offs of One Hundred and One Dalmatians and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.[149][150]

text: Stage adaptation Walt Disney Theatrical is in early talks with Burton and screenwriter Linda Woolverton to develop the property as a Broadway musical. Woolverton authored the screenplay for Disney's The Lion King and is also the Tony Award-nominated book writer of Beauty and the Beast, Aida, and Lestat. Burton will also render the overall designs for the stage musical. Woolverton will adapt her screenplay for the stage production. Neither a composer nor songwriting team has been chosen yet. Direction and choreography will be done by Rob Ashford.[151][152][153] The musical is aiming to make its world-premiere in London.[154]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: On December 7, 2012, Variety announced the development of a sequel to Alice in Wonderland. Linda Woolverton returned to write a screenplay.[155] On May 31, 2013, James Bobin began talks to direct the sequel under the working title Alice in Wonderland: Into the Looking Glass.[156] Johnny Depp returned as The Hatter, Mia Wasikowska reprised the role of Alice, and Helena Bonham Carter returned as the Red Queen.[157][158][159] Several other cast members from the 2010 film also reprised their roles in the sequel.[160] On November 22, 2013, it was announced that the sequel will be released on May 27, 2016 and that Bobin would direct the film. Rhys Ifans and Sacha Baron Cohen are featured in the film.[158][161][162] On January 21, 2014, the film was again retitled to Alice in Wonderland: Through the Looking Glass.[163] The title was later reworked once again to Alice Through the Looking Glass.


document_title: List of NBA champions

question_text: what teams are in the finals for nba

question_tokens: what teams are in the finals for nba

text: List of NBA champions

text: Champions

text: The first brackets in the Western Champion and Eastern Champion columns indicate the teams' playoff seed. The second brackets indicate the number of times that teams have appeared in an NBA Finals as well as each respective team's NBA Finals record to date.

text:
Bold

Winning team of the NBA Finals

text:
Year

Western Champion

Coach

Result

Eastern Champion

Coach

Reference

1947
Chicago Stags (1) (1, 0–1)
Harold Olsen
1–4
Philadelphia Warriors (2) (1, 1–0)
Eddie Gottlieb
[14]

1948
Baltimore Bullets (2) (1, 1–0)
Buddy Jeannette
4–2
Philadelphia Warriors (1) (2, 1–1)
Eddie Gottlieb
[15]

1949
Minneapolis Lakers (2) (1, 1–0)
John Kundla
4–2
Washington Capitols (1) (1, 0–1)
Red Auerbach
[16]

1950
Minneapolis Lakers (1) [a] (2, 2–0)
John Kundla
4–2
Syracuse Nationals (1) (1, 0–1)
Al Cervi
[17][18]

1951
Rochester Royals (2) (1, 1–0)
Les Harrison
4–3
New York Knicks (3) (1, 0–1)
Joe Lapchick
[19]

1952
Minneapolis Lakers (2) (3, 3–0)
John Kundla
4–3
New York Knicks (3) (2, 0–2)
Joe Lapchick
[20]

1953
Minneapolis Lakers (1) (4, 4–0)
John Kundla
4–1
New York Knicks (1) (3, 0–3)
Joe Lapchick
[21]

1954
Minneapolis Lakers (1) (5, 5–0)
John Kundla
4–3
Syracuse Nationals (1) (3, 0–3)
Al Cervi
[22]

1955
Fort Wayne Pistons (1) (1, 0–1)
Charles Eckman
3–4
Syracuse Nationals (1) (3, 1–2)
Al Cervi
[23]

1956
Fort Wayne Pistons (1) (2, 0–2)
Charles Eckman
1–4
Philadelphia Warriors (1) (3, 2–1)
George Senesky
[24]

1957
St. Louis Hawks (1) (1, 0–1)
Alex Hannum
3–4
Boston Celtics (1) (1, 1–0)
Red Auerbach
[25]

1958
St. Louis Hawks (1) (2, 1–1)
Alex Hannum
4–2
Boston Celtics (1) (2, 1–1)
Red Auerbach
[26]

1959
Minneapolis Lakers (2) (6, 5–1)
John Kundla
0–4
Boston Celtics (1) (3, 2–1)
Red Auerbach
[27]

1960
St. Louis Hawks (1) (3, 1–2)
Ed Macauley
3–4
Boston Celtics (1) (4, 3–1)
Red Auerbach
[28]

1961
St. Louis Hawks (1) (4, 1–3)
Paul Seymour
1–4
Boston Celtics (1) (5, 4–1)
Red Auerbach
[29]

1962
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (7, 5–2)
Fred Schaus
3–4
Boston Celtics (1) (6, 5–1)
Red Auerbach
[30]

1963
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (8, 5–3)
Fred Schaus
2–4
Boston Celtics (1) (7, 6–1)
Red Auerbach
[31]

1964[b]
San Francisco Warriors (1) (4, 2–2)
Alex Hannum
1–4
Boston Celtics (1) (8, 7–1)
Red Auerbach
[32]

1965
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (9, 5–4)
Fred Schaus
1–4
Boston Celtics (1) (9, 8–1)
Red Auerbach
[33]

1966
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (10, 5–5)
Fred Schaus
3–4
Boston Celtics (2) (10, 9–1)
Red Auerbach
[34]

1967
San Francisco Warriors (1) (5, 2–3)
Bill Sharman
2–4
Philadelphia 76ers (1) (4, 2–2)
Alex Hannum
[35]

1968
Los Angeles Lakers (2) (11, 5–6)
Butch van Breda Kolff
2–4
Boston Celtics (2) (11, 10–1)
Bill Russell
[36]

1969
Los Angeles Lakers (1)  (12, 5–7)
Butch van Breda Kolff
3–4
Boston Celtics (4) (12, 11–1)
Bill Russell
[37]

1970
Los Angeles Lakers (2) (13, 5–8)
Joe Mullaney
3–4
New York Knicks (1) (4, 1–3)
Red Holzman
[38]

1971
Milwaukee Bucks (1) (1, 1–0)
Larry Costello
4–0
Baltimore Bullets (1) (1, 0–1)
Gene Shue
[39]

1972
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (14, 6–8)
Bill Sharman
4–1
New York Knicks (2) (5, 1–4)
Red Holzman
[40]

1973
Los Angeles Lakers (2) (15, 6–9)
Bill Sharman
1–4
New York Knicks (2) (6, 2–4)
Red Holzman
[41]

1974
Milwaukee Bucks (1) (2, 1–1)
Larry Costello
3–4
Boston Celtics (1) (13, 12–1)
Tom Heinsohn
[42]

1975
Golden State Warriors (1) (6, 3–3)
Al Attles
4–0
Washington Bullets (2) (2, 0–2)
K.C. Jones
[43]

1976
Phoenix Suns (3) (1, 0–1)
John MacLeod
2–4
Boston Celtics (1) (14, 13–1)
Tom Heinsohn
[44]

1977[c]
Portland Trail Blazers (3) (1, 1–0)
Jack Ramsey
4–2
Philadelphia 76ers (1) (5, 2–3)
Gene Shue
[47]

1978
Seattle SuperSonics (4) (1, 0–1)
Lenny Wilkens
3–4
Washington Bullets (3) (3, 1–2)
Dick Motta
[48]

1979
Seattle SuperSonics (1) (2, 1–1)
Lenny Wilkens
4–1
Washington Bullets (1) (4, 1–3)
Dick Motta
[49]

1980
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (16, 7–9)
Paul Westhead
4–2
Philadelphia 76ers (3) (6, 2–4)
Billy Cunningham
[50]

1981
Houston Rockets (6) (1, 0–1)
Del Harris
2–4
Boston Celtics (1) (15, 14–1)
Bill Fitch
[51]

1982
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (17, 8–9)
Pat Riley
4–2
Philadelphia 76ers (3) (7, 2–5)
Billy Cunningham
[52]

1983
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (18, 8–10)
Pat Riley
0–4
Philadelphia 76ers (1) (8, 3–5)
Billy Cunningham
[53]

1984[d]
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (19, 8–11)
Pat Riley
3–4
Boston Celtics (1) (16, 15–1)
K.C. Jones
[54]

1985
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (20, 9–11)
Pat Riley
4–2
Boston Celtics (1) (17, 15–2)
K.C. Jones
[55]

1986
Houston Rockets (2) (2, 0–2)
Bill Fitch
2–4
Boston Celtics (1) (18, 16–2)
K.C. Jones
[56]

1987
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (21, 10–11)
Pat Riley
4–2
Boston Celtics (1) (19, 16–3)
K.C. Jones
[57]

1988
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (22, 11–11)
Pat Riley
4–3
Detroit Pistons (2) (3, 0–3)
Chuck Daly
[58]

1989
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (23, 11–12)
Pat Riley
0–4
Detroit Pistons (1) (4, 1–3)
Chuck Daly
[59]

1990
Portland Trail Blazers (3) (2, 1–1)
Rick Adelman
1–4
Detroit Pistons (1) (5, 2–3)
Chuck Daly
[60]

1991
Los Angeles Lakers (3) (24, 11–13)
Mike Dunleavy
1–4
Chicago Bulls (1) (1, 1–0)
Phil Jackson
[61]

1992
Portland Trail Blazers (1) (3, 1–2)
Rick Adelman
2–4
Chicago Bulls (1) (2, 2–0)
Phil Jackson
[62]

1993
Phoenix Suns (1) (2, 0–2)
Paul Westphal
2–4
Chicago Bulls (2) (3, 3–0)
Phil Jackson
[63]

1994
Houston Rockets (2) (3, 1–2)
Rudy Tomjanovich
4–3
New York Knicks (2) (7, 2–5)
Pat Riley
[64]

1995
Houston Rockets (6) (4, 2–2)
Rudy Tomjanovich
4–0
Orlando Magic (1) (1, 0–1)
Brian Hill
[65]

1996
Seattle SuperSonics (1) (3, 1–2)
George Karl
2–4
Chicago Bulls (1) (4, 4–0)
Phil Jackson
[66]

1997
Utah Jazz (1) (1, 0–1)
Jerry Sloan
2–4
Chicago Bulls (1) (5, 5–0)
Phil Jackson
[67]

1998
Utah Jazz (1) (2, 0–2)
Jerry Sloan
2–4
Chicago Bulls (1) (6, 6–0)
Phil Jackson
[68]

1999[e]
San Antonio Spurs (1) (1, 1–0)
Gregg Popovich
4–1
New York Knicks (8) (8, 2–6)
Jeff Van Gundy
[70]

2000
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (25, 12–13)
Phil Jackson
4–2
Indiana Pacers (1) (1, 0–1)
Larry Bird
[71]

2001
Los Angeles Lakers (2) (26, 13–13)
Phil Jackson
4–1
Philadelphia 76ers (1) (9, 3–6)
Larry Brown
[72]

2002
Los Angeles Lakers (3) (27, 14–13)
Phil Jackson
4–0
New Jersey Nets (1) (1, 0–1)
Byron Scott
[73]

2003
San Antonio Spurs (1) (2, 2–0)
Gregg Popovich
4–2
New Jersey Nets (2) (2, 0–2)
Byron Scott
[74]

2004
Los Angeles Lakers (2) (28, 14–14)
Phil Jackson
1–4
Detroit Pistons (3) (6, 3–3)
Larry Brown
[75]

2005
San Antonio Spurs (2) (3, 3–0)
Gregg Popovich
4–3
Detroit Pistons (2) (7, 3–4)
Larry Brown
[76]

2006
Dallas Mavericks (4) (1, 0–1)
Avery Johnson
2–4
Miami Heat (2) (1, 1–0)
Pat Riley
[77]

2007
San Antonio Spurs (3) (4, 4–0)
Gregg Popovich
4–0
Cleveland Cavaliers (2) (1, 0–1)
Mike Brown
[78]

2008
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (29, 14–15)
Phil Jackson
2–4
Boston Celtics (1) (20, 17–3)
Doc Rivers
[79]

2009
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (30, 15–15)
Phil Jackson
4–1
Orlando Magic (3) (2, 0–2)
Stan Van Gundy
[80]

2010
Los Angeles Lakers (1) (31, 16–15)
Phil Jackson
4–3
Boston Celtics (4) (21, 17–4)
Doc Rivers
[81]

2011
Dallas Mavericks (3) (2, 1–1)
Rick Carlisle
4–2
Miami Heat (2) (2, 1–1)
Erik Spoelstra
[82]

2012[f]
Oklahoma City Thunder (2) (4, 1–3)
Scott Brooks
1–4
Miami Heat (2) (3, 2–1)
Erik Spoelstra
[85]

2013
San Antonio Spurs (2) (5, 4–1)
Gregg Popovich
3–4
Miami Heat (1) (4, 3–1)
Erik Spoelstra
[86]

2014
San Antonio Spurs (1) (6, 5–1)
Gregg Popovich
4–1
Miami Heat (2) (5, 3–2)
Erik Spoelstra
[87]

2015
Golden State Warriors (1) (7, 4–3)
Steve Kerr
4–2
Cleveland Cavaliers (2) (2, 0–2)
David Blatt
[88]

2016
Golden State Warriors (1) (8, 4–4)
Steve Kerr
3–4
Cleveland Cavaliers (1) (3, 1–2)
Tyronn Lue
[89]

2017
Golden State Warriors (1) (9, 5–4)
Steve Kerr
4–1
Cleveland Cavaliers (2) (4, 1–3)
Tyronn Lue
[90]

2018
Golden State Warriors (2) (10, 6–4)
Steve Kerr
4–0
Cleveland Cavaliers (4) (5, 1–4)
Tyronn Lue
[91]

text: Results by teams

text:
Teams
Win
Loss
Total
Year(s) won
Year(s) lost

Boston Celtics
17
4
21
1957, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1974, 1976, 1981, 1984, 1986, 2008
1958, 1985, 1987, 2010

Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers
16
15
31
1949, 1950, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1972, 1980, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1988, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2009, 2010
1959, 1962, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1983, 1984, 1989, 1991, 2004, 2008

Philadelphia/San Francisco/Golden State Warriors
6
4
10
1947, 1956, 1975, 2015, 2017, 2018
1948, 1964, 1967, 2016

Chicago Bulls
6
0
6
1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998
—

San Antonio Spurs
5
1
6
1999, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2014
2013

Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers
3
6
9
1955, 1967, 1983
1950, 1954, 1977, 1980, 1982, 2001

Fort Wayne/Detroit Pistons
3
4
7
1989, 1990, 2004
1955, 1956, 1988, 2005

Miami Heat
3
2
5
2006, 2012, 2013
2011, 2014

New York Knicks
2
6
8
1970, 1973
1951, 1952, 1953, 1972, 1994, 1999

Houston Rockets
2
2
4
1994, 1995
1981, 1986

Cleveland Cavaliers
1
4
5
2016
2007, 2015, 2017, 2018

St. Louis/Atlanta Hawks
1
3
4
1958
1957, 1960, 1961

Baltimore/Washington Bullets/Washington Wizards
1
3
4
1978
1971, 1975, 1979

Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder
1
3
4
1979
1978, 1996, 2012

Portland Trail Blazers
1
2
3
1977
1990, 1992

Milwaukee Bucks
1
1
2
1971
1974

Dallas Mavericks
1
1
2
2011
2006

Baltimore Bullets (original) (folded in 1954)[g]
1
0
1
1948
—

Rochester/Cincinnati Royals/Kansas City/Sacramento Kings
1
0
1
1951
—

Phoenix Suns
0
2
2
—
1976, 1993

New Orleans/Utah Jazz
0
2
2
—
1997, 1998

New Jersey/Brooklyn Nets
0
2
2
—
2002, 2003

Orlando Magic
0
2
2
—
1995, 2009

Chicago Stags (folded in 1950)
0
1
1
—
1947

Washington Capitols (folded in 1951)
0
1
1
—
1949

Indiana Pacers
0
1
1
—
2000

Buffalo Braves/San Diego/Los Angeles Clippers
—
—
—

Charlotte Hornets/Bobcats
—
—
—

Denver Nuggets
—
—
—

Minnesota Timberwolves
—
—
—

New Orleans Hornets/Pelicans
—
—
—

Toronto Raptors
—
—
—

Vancouver/Memphis Grizzlies
—
—
—

text: Notes

text:
Jump up ^ Due to the NBA's realignment into three divisions, the team with the best regular season record after the Divisional Finals advanced automatically to the NBA Finals while the other two teams faced off in the NBA Semifinals to determine the other finalist. Eastern Division champion Syracuse had the best regular season record among the division champions, causing Central Division (no relation to the current Central Division) champion Minneapolis to face Western Division champion Anderson Packers in the NBA Semifinals.[17]

Jump up ^ The trophy was renamed for Walter A. Brown.

Jump up ^ The trophy was replaced by a new design.[45][46]

Jump up ^ The trophy was renamed for Larry O'Brien.

Jump up ^ Due to a lockout, the season did not start until February 5, 1999, and all 29 teams played a shortened 50 game regular season schedule.[69]

Jump up ^ Due to a lockout, the season did not start until December 25, 2011 and all 30 teams played a shortened 66-game regular season schedule.[83][84]

Jump up ^ Not affiliated with the present-day Washington Wizards who were known as the Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets from 1963 to 1997.

tag: ol


document_title: Maggie & Bianca: Fashion Friends

question_text: when do maggie and bianca find out they are sisters

text: Maggie & Bianca: Fashion Friends

text: Plot[edit]

text: Maggie is an eccentric American girl from Portland who wins a scholarship to the Fashion Academy of Milan, a prestigious fashion school, on her sixteenth birthday. Bianca is the stylish and chic daughter of a powerful Italian fashion mogul. The two girls meet and are thrown together as roommates at the Fashion Academy, but get off to a rocky start as they have very different personalities and conflicting points of view. However, as they clash over time, they come to understand one another. Together with three of their classmates, they form a band called the MoodBoards in order to pursue their musical dreams, while simultaneously continuing their study of fashion at the Academy. At the end of the first season Maggie and Bianca discover that they are half-sisters, with same father but different mothers.[3][4] In the second season, Maggie's mother, who is a songwriter, comes to the Academy to teach, while members of the MoodBoards' rival band, CoolGhost, attend the Academy as new students.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Emanuela Rei as Maggie
Giorgia Boni as Bianca
Sergio Ruggeri as Jacques
Luca Murphy as Quinn
Federica Corti as Nausica
Federico Pedroni as Leonardo (season 1)
Tiffany Zhou as Yuki (seasons 1–2)
Sergio Melone as Eduard
Simone Lijoi as Professor Ferrari (season 1)
Elia Nichols as Professor Tucker
Alvaro Gradella as Headmaster Maffei
Walter Leonardi as Uncle Max
Clelia Piscitello as Dolores (seasons 1–2)
Jody Cecchetto as Andrew (recurring, season 1; main, season 2)
Paolo Fantoni as Felipe (recurring, season 1; main, seasons 2–3)
Simona Di Bella as Susan (recurring, season 1; main, season 2)
Giovanni Bussi as Professor Falques (seasons 2–3)
Paolo Romano as Alberto (recurring, season 1; main, seasons 2–3)
Greta Bellusci as Rachel (guest, season 1; main, seasons 2–3)
Maria Luisa De Crescenzo as Eloise (season 3)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleOriginal air date 11"A Dream Come True"August 29, 2016 (2016-08-29)
22"Places to Call My Own"August 30, 2016 (2016-08-30)
33"A Start to Classes"August 31, 2016 (2016-08-31)
44"Fashion Photography"September 1, 2016 (2016-09-01)
55"The Most Beautiful Day"September 2, 2016 (2016-09-02)
66"Keep Your Lucky Charm"September 3, 2016 (2016-09-03)
77"Model for a Day"September 4, 2016 (2016-09-04)
88"No Escape from Love"September 5, 2016 (2016-09-05)
99"A Mile in Her Shoes"September 6, 2016 (2016-09-06)
1010"Shock! Extortion!"September 7, 2016 (2016-09-07)
1111"Raiders of the Lost Exam"September 8, 2016 (2016-09-08)
1212"The Phantom of the Academy"September 9, 2016 (2016-09-09)
1313"A Perfect Concert"September 10, 2016 (2016-09-10)
1414"History Repeats Itself"September 22, 2016 (2016-09-22)
1515"Miss Venice"September 23, 2016 (2016-09-23)
1616"Our School Anniversary"September 23, 2016 (2016-09-23)
1717"A Matter of Style"September 24, 2016 (2016-09-24)
1818"Election Trouble"September 24, 2016 (2016-09-24)
1919"The One I Trust"September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
2020"No Mask, No Party"September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
2121"Never Mention "CoolGhost""September 26, 2016 (2016-09-26)
2222"Our First Challenge"September 26, 2016 (2016-09-26)
2323"Facing Semifinals"September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27)
2424"Do the Right Thing"September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27)
2525"The Great Lockart"September 28, 2016 (2016-09-28)
2626"Year-end Fashion Show"September 28, 2016 (2016-09-28)

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleOriginal air date 271"A Nightmarish Start"January 11, 2017 (2017-01-11)
282"Fashion Bloggers Community"January 11, 2017 (2017-01-11)
293"Polar Opposites"January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)
304"Something Go.Zy."January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)
315"Hidden Talent"January 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)
326"At Loggerheads!"January 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)
337"Each One Has His Story"January 14, 2017 (2017-01-14)
348"Knights and Princesses"January 14, 2017 (2017-01-14)
359"The Back of the Book"January 15, 2017 (2017-01-15)
3610"Superpowers"January 15, 2017 (2017-01-15)
3711"Friendship Mission"January 16, 2017 (2017-01-16)
3812"A Matter of Details"January 16, 2017 (2017-01-16)
3913"Grand Gala"January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)
4014"Leave Your Troubles"February 12, 2017 (2017-02-12)
4115"Where Is Bianca?"February 13, 2017 (2017-02-13)
4216"Reality"February 13, 2017 (2017-02-13)
4317"Strangers at School"February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)
4418"About the Future"February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)
4519"#staypositive"February 15, 2017 (2017-02-15)
4620"Mom's Coming!"February 15, 2017 (2017-02-15)
4721"Creative Chaos"February 16, 2017 (2017-02-16)
4822"No Trick, No Illusion"February 16, 2017 (2017-02-16)
4923"The Worst Is the New Best"February 17, 2017 (2017-02-17)
5024"Try Again, Maggie!"February 17, 2017 (2017-02-17)
5125"A Weird Family"February 18, 2017 (2017-02-18)
5226"The Musical"February 18, 2017 (2017-02-18)

text: Season 3 (2017)[edit]

text: A third season aired in Italy between September 18 and December 2, 2017, and consisted of 26 episodes. The third season has not yet been released internationally on Netflix.

text: Production[edit]

text: Filming on a third season of the series took place during summer 2017,[5] and premiered in mid-September on Rai Gulp in Italy.[6][7]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Maggie & Bianca Fashion Friends was originally televised on Rai Gulp in Italy, where the first season aired from August 29 to September 28, 2016. The second season aired in Italy between January 11 and February 18, 2017, with the third season following between September 18 and December 2, 2017.

text: It also aired on Gulli in France; Disney Channel in Germany; Nickelodeon in Greece, Poland, Netherlands and Benelux; Sitel TV in Macedonia; Vizion Plus and Tip TV in Albania; TV Cultura in Brazil; Megamax in Hungary, Romania and Czech Republic; Карусель in Russia[8] and Biggs in Portugal.[9]

text: The series is also available on Netflix worldwide,[1] including in the countries listed above, as well as in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. The first season was released on Netflix on March 31, 2017, with the second season released on April 30, 2018.