document_title: Boeing 777

question_text: what is the weight of a boeing 777

question_tokens: what is the weight of a boeing 777

text: Boeing 777

text: Development

text: Background

text: In the early 1970s, the Boeing 747, McDonnell Douglas DC-10, and the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar became the first generation of wide-body passenger airliners to enter service.[11] In 1978, Boeing unveiled three new models: the twin-engine Boeing 757 to replace its 727, the twin-engine 767 to challenge the Airbus A300, and a trijet 777 concept to compete with the DC-10 and L-1011.[12][13][14] The mid-size 757 and 767 launched to market success, due in part to 1980s' extended-range twin-engine operational performance standards (ETOPS) regulations governing transoceanic twinjet operations.[15] These regulations allowed twin-engine airliners to make ocean crossings at up to three hours' distance from emergency diversionary airports.[16] Under ETOPS rules, airlines began operating the 767 on long-distance overseas routes that did not require the capacity of larger airliners.[15] The trijet 777 was later dropped, following marketing studies that favored the 757 and 767 variants.[17] Boeing was left with a size and range gap in its product line between the 767-300ER and the 747-400.[18]

text: By the late 1980s, DC-10 and L-1011 models were approaching retirement age, prompting manufacturers to develop replacement designs.[19] McDonnell Douglas was working on the MD-11, a stretched and upgraded successor of the DC-10,[19] while Airbus was developing its A330 and A340.[19] In 1986, Boeing unveiled proposals for an enlarged 767, tentatively named 767-X,[20] to target the replacement market for first-generation wide-bodies such as the DC-10,[16] and to complement existing 767 and 747 models in the company lineup.[21] The initial proposal featured a longer fuselage and larger wings than the existing 767,[20] along with winglets.[22] Later plans expanded the fuselage cross-section but retained the existing 767 flight deck, nose, and other elements.[20]

text: Airline customers were uninterested in the 767-X proposals, and instead wanted an even wider fuselage cross-section, fully flexible interior configurations, short- to intercontinental-range capability, and a operating cost lower than any 767 stretch.[16] Airline planners' requirements for larger aircraft had become increasingly specific, adding to the heightened competition among aircraft manufacturers.[19] By 1988, Boeing realized that the only answer was a new clean–sheet design, which became the 777 twinjet.[23] The company opted for the twin-engine configuration given past design successes, projected engine developments, and reduced-cost benefits.[24] On December 8, 1989, Boeing began issuing offers to airlines for the 777.[20]

text: Design effort

text: The design phase for the new twinjet was different from Boeing's previous commercial jetliners. For the first time, eight major airlines – All Nippon Airways, American Airlines, British Airways, Cathay Pacific, Delta Air Lines, Japan Airlines, Qantas, and United Airlines – had a role in the development.[25] This was a departure from industry practice, where manufacturers typically designed aircraft with minimal customer input.[13] The eight airlines that contributed to the design process became known within Boeing as the "Working Together" group.[25] At the first group meeting in January 1990, a 23-page questionnaire was distributed to the airlines, asking what each wanted in the design.[16] By March 1990, Boeing and the airlines had decided upon a basic design configuration: a cabin cross-section close to the 747's, capacity up to 325 passengers, flexible interiors, a glass cockpit, fly-by-wire controls, and 10 percent better seat-mile costs than the A330 and MD-11.[16] Boeing selected its Everett factory in Washington, home of 747 production, as the 777's final assembly site.[26]

text: On October 14, 1990, United Airlines became the 777's launch customer when it placed an order for 34 Pratt & Whitney-powered aircraft valued at US$11 billion with options on an additional 34.[27][28] The development phase coincided with United's replacement program for its aging DC-10s.[29] United required that the new aircraft be capable of flying three different routes: Chicago to Hawaii, Chicago to Europe, and non-stop from Denver, a hot and high airport, to Hawaii.[29] ETOPS certification was also a priority for United,[30] given the overwater portion of United's Hawaii routes.[27] In January 1993, a team of United developers joined other airline teams and Boeing designers at the Everett factory.[31] The 240 design teams, with up to 40 members each, addressed almost 1,500 design issues with individual aircraft components.[32] The fuselage diameter was increased to suit Cathay Pacific, the baseline model grew longer for All Nippon Airways, and British Airways' input led to added built-in testing and interior flexibility,[16] along with higher operating weight options.[33]

text: The 777 was the first commercial aircraft designed entirely by computer.[21][27][34] Each design drawing was created on a three-dimensional CAD software system known as CATIA, sourced from Dassault Systemes and IBM.[35] This lets engineers assemble a virtual aircraft, in simulation, to check for interference and verify that the thousands of parts fit properly—thus reducing costly rework.[36] Boeing developed its own high-performance visualization system, FlyThru, later called IVT (Integrated Visualization Tool) to support large-scale collaborative engineering design reviews, production illustrations, and other uses of the CAD data outside of engineering.[37] Boeing was initially not convinced of CATIA's abilities and built a physical mock-up of the nose section to verify its results. The test was so successful that additional mock-ups were canceled.[38]

text: Production and testing

text: The production process included substantial international content, an unprecedented level of global subcontracting for a Boeing jetliner,[39] later exceeded by the 787.[40] International contributors included Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Heavy Industries (fuselage panels),[41] Fuji Heavy Industries, Ltd. (center wing section),[41] Hawker de Havilland (elevators), and Aerospace Technologies of Australia (rudder).[42] An agreement between Boeing and the Japan Aircraft Development Corporation, representing Japanese aerospace contractors, made the latter risk-sharing partners for 20 percent of the entire development program.[39] The initial 777-200 model was launched with propulsion options from three manufacturers, General Electric, Pratt & Whitney, and Rolls-Royce,[43] giving the airlines their choice of engines from competing firms.[44] Each manufacturer agreed to develop an engine in the 77,000 lbf (340 kN) and higher thrust class (a measure of jet engine output) for the world's largest twinjet.[43]

text: To accommodate production of its new airliner, Boeing doubled the size of the Everett factory at the cost of nearly US$1.5 billion[27] to provide space for two new assembly lines.[29] New production methodologies were developed, including a turn machine that could rotate fuselage subassemblies 180 degrees, giving workers access to upper body sections.[35] Major assembly of the first aircraft began on January 4, 1993.[45] By the start of production, the program had amassed 118 firm orders, with options for 95 more from 10 airlines.[46] Total investment in the program was estimated at over US$4 billion from Boeing, with an additional US$2 billion from suppliers.[47]

text: On April 9, 1994, the first 777, line number WA001, was rolled out in a series of 15 ceremonies held during the day to accommodate the 100,000 invited guests.[48] The first flight took place on June 12, 1994,[49] under the command of chief test pilot John E. Cashman.[50] This marked the start of an 11-month flight test program that was more extensive than testing for any previous Boeing model.[51] Nine aircraft fitted with General Electric, Pratt & Whitney, and Rolls-Royce engines[49] were flight tested at locations ranging from the desert airfield at Edwards Air Force Base in California[52] to frigid conditions in Alaska, mainly Fairbanks International Airport.[53] To satisfy ETOPS requirements, eight 180-minute single-engine test flights were performed.[54] The first aircraft built was used by Boeing's nondestructive testing campaign from 1994 to 1996, and provided data for the -200ER and -300 programs.[55] At the successful conclusion of flight testing, the 777 was awarded simultaneous airworthiness certification by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and European Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA) on April 19, 1995.[49]

text: Entry into service

text: Boeing delivered the first 777 to United Airlines on May 15, 1995.[57][58] The FAA awarded 180-minute ETOPS clearance ("ETOPS-180") for the Pratt & Whitney PW4084-engined aircraft on May 30, 1995, making it the first airliner to carry an ETOPS-180 rating at its entry into service.[59] The first commercial flight took place on June 7, 1995, from London Heathrow Airport to Dulles International Airport near Washington, D.C.[60] Longer ETOPS clearance of 207 minutes was approved in October 1996.[61]

text: On November 12, 1995, Boeing delivered the first model with General Electric GE90-77B engines to British Airways,[62] which entered service five days later.[63] Initial service was affected by gearbox bearing wear issues, which caused British Airways to temporarily withdraw its 777 fleet from transatlantic service in 1997,[63] returning to full service later that year.[52] General Electric subsequently announced engine upgrades.[52]

text: The first Rolls-Royce Trent 877-powered aircraft was delivered to Thai Airways International on March 31, 1996,[62] completing the introduction of the three powerplants initially developed for the airliner.[64] Each engine-aircraft combination had secured ETOPS-180 certification from the point of entry into service.[65] By June 1997, orders for the 777 numbered 323 from 25 airlines, including satisfied launch customers that had ordered additional aircraft.[49] Operations performance data established the consistent capabilities of the twinjet over long-haul transoceanic routes, leading to additional sales.[66] By 1998, the 777 fleet had approached 900,000 flight hours.[67] Boeing states that the 777 fleet has a dispatch reliability (rate of departure from the gate with no more than 15 minutes delay due to technical issues) above 99 percent.[68][69][70][71]

text: Initial derivatives

text: After the original model, Boeing developed an increased gross weight variant of the 777-200 with greater range and payload capability.[72] Initially named 777-200IGW,[73] the 777-200ER first flew on October 7, 1996,[74] received FAA and JAA certification on January 17, 1997,[75] and entered service with British Airways on February 9, 1997.[75] Offering greater long-haul performance, the variant became the most widely ordered version of the aircraft through the early 2000s.[72] On April 2, 1997, a Malaysia Airlines -200ER named "Super Ranger" broke the great circle "distance without landing" record for an airliner by flying eastward from Boeing Field, Seattle to Kuala Lumpur, a distance of 10,823 nautical miles (20,044 km), in 21 hours and 23 minutes.[67]

text: Following the introduction of the -200ER, Boeing turned its attention to a stretched version of the airliner. On October 16, 1997, the 777-300 made its first flight.[74] At 242.4 ft (73.9 m) in length, the -300 became the longest airliner yet produced (until the A340-600), and had a 20 percent greater overall capacity than the standard length model.[76] The -300 was awarded type certification simultaneously from the FAA and JAA on May 4, 1998,[77] and entered service with launch customer Cathay Pacific on May 27, 1998.[74][78]

text: Longer-range models

text: From the program's start, Boeing had considered building ultra-long-range variants.[80] Early plans centered on a 777-100X proposal,[81] a shortened variant of the -200 with reduced weight and increased range,[81] similar to the 747SP.[82] However, the -100X would have carried fewer passengers than the -200 while having similar operating costs, leading to a higher cost per seat.[81][82] By the late 1990s, design plans shifted to longer-range versions of existing models.[81] In March 1997 the Boeing board approved the 777-200X/300X specifications: 298 passengers in three classes over 8,600 nmi (15,900 km) for the 200X and 6,600 nmi (12,200 km) with 355 passengers in a tri-class layout for the 300X, with design freeze planned in May 1998, 200X certification in August 2000, and introduction in September and in January 2001 for the 300X.[83]

text: A more powerful engine in the 100,000 lbf (440 kN) and higher thrust class was required, leading to talks between Boeing and engine manufacturers. General Electric offered to develop the GE90-115B engine,[44] while Rolls-Royce proposed developing the Trent 8104 engine.[84] In 1999, Boeing announced an agreement with General Electric, beating out rival proposals.[44] Under the deal with General Electric, Boeing agreed to only offer GE90 engines on new 777 versions.[44]

text: On February 29, 2000, Boeing launched its next-generation twinjet program,[85] initially called 777-X,[80] and began issuing offers to airlines.[72] Development was slowed by an industry downturn during the early 2000s.[74] The first model to emerge from the program, the 777-300ER, was launched with an order for ten aircraft from Air France,[86] along with additional commitments.[72] On February 24, 2003, the -300ER made its first flight, and the FAA and EASA (European Aviation Safety Agency, successor to the JAA) certified the model on March 16, 2004.[87] The first delivery to Air France took place on April 29, 2004.[74] The -300ER, which combined the -300's added capacity with the -200ER's range, became the top-selling 777 variant in the late 2000s,[88] benefitting as airlines replaced comparable four-engine models with twinjets for their lower operating costs.[89]

text: The second long-range model, the 777-200LR, rolled out on February 15, 2005, and completed its first flight on March 8, 2005.[74] The -200LR was certified by both the FAA and EASA on February 2, 2006,[90] and the first delivery to Pakistan International Airlines occurred on February 26, 2006.[91] On November 10, 2005, the first -200LR set a record for the longest non-stop flight of a passenger airliner by flying 11,664 nautical miles (21,602 km) eastward from Hong Kong to London.[8] Lasting 22 hours and 42 minutes, the flight surpassed the -200LR's standard design range and was logged in the Guinness World Records.[7]

text: The production freighter model, the 777F, rolled out on May 23, 2008.[92] The maiden flight of the 777F, which used the structural design and engine specifications of the -200LR[93] along with fuel tanks derived from the -300ER, occurred on July 14, 2008.[94] FAA and EASA type certification for the freighter was received on February 6, 2009,[95] and the first delivery to launch customer Air France took place on February 19, 2009.[96][97]

text: Updates and improvements

text: In late 2011, the FAA assigned a common type rating to the 787 and 777, allowing pilots qualified on either aircraft to operate both models, due to related design features.[98] The smaller 787 was the first stage of a replacement aircraft initiative called the Boeing Yellowstone Project.[99] Reportedly, the 777 could eventually be replaced by a new aircraft family, Yellowstone 3, which would draw upon technologies from the 787.[100]

text: By the late 2000s, the 777 was facing increased potential competition from Airbus' planned A350 XWB and internally from proposed 787 variants,[100] both airliners that promise fuel efficiency improvements. As a consequence, the 777-300ER received an engine and aerodynamics improvement package for reduced drag and weight.[101] In 2010, the variant further received a 5,000 lb (2,300 kg) maximum zero-fuel weight increase, equivalent to a higher payload of 20–25 passengers; its GE90-115B1 engines received a 1–2.5 percent thrust enhancement for increased takeoff weights at higher-altitude airports.[101] More changes were targeted for late 2012, including possible extension of the wingspan,[101] along with other major changes, including a composite wing, new powerplant, and different fuselage lengths.[101][102][103] Emirates was reportedly working closely with Boeing on the project, possibly being the launch customer for new 777 versions.[104] China Airlines ordered ten 777-300ER aircraft to replace 747-400s on routes between Taipei and Los Angeles and New York City, telling Aviation Week and Space Technology that the 777-300ER's per seat cost is about 20% lower than the 747's costs (varying due to fuel prices).[105] Four of the 777 aircraft were already flying as of February 2015.

text: Boeing has worked with General Electric to offer a 2% improvement in fuel efficiency to new aircraft beginning in 2016. GE will improve the fan module and the high pressure compressor stage-1 blisk in the GE-90-115 turbofan, as well as reduce clearances between the tips of the turbine blades and the shroud during cruise. These improvements, of which the latter is the most important and was derived from work to develop the 787, will, GE says, lower fuel burn by 0.5%. Boeing's wing modification will deliver the remainder. Boeing stated that every 1% improvement in the 777-300ER's fuel burn translates into being able to fly the aircraft another 75 nautical miles on the same load of fuel, or add ten passengers or 2,400 lb of cargo to a "load limited" flight.[106]

text: In March 2015, additional details of the improvement package were published in Aviation Week & Space Technology. The 777-300ER is to shed 1,800 lb. Boeing will replace the fuselage crown with tie rods and composite integration panels, similar to those used on the 787. New flight control software is to eliminate the need for the tail skid by keeping the tail off the runway surface regardless of the extent to which pilots command the elevators. Boeing is also redesigning the inboard flap fairings to reduce drag by reducing pressure on the underside of the wing. The outboard raked wingtip is to have a divergent trailing edge, described as a"poor man's airfoil" by Boeing; this originally developed for the McDonnell Douglas MD-12 project. Another change involves elevator trim bias. These changes are to increase fuel efficiency and allow airlines to add 14 additional seats to the airplane, increasing per seat fuel efficiency by 5%.[107]

text: Production

text: Initially second to the 747 as Boeing's most profitable jetliner,[108] the 777 became the company's most lucrative model in the 2000s.[109] Program sales accounted for an estimated US$400 million of Boeing's pretax earnings in 2000, US$50 million more than the 747.[108] By 2004, the airliner comprised the bulk of wide-body revenues for the Boeing Commercial Airplanes division.[110] In 2007, orders for second-generation 777 models approached 350 aircraft,[100] and in November of that year, Boeing announced that all production slots were sold out to 2012.[89] The program backlog of 356 orders was valued at US$95 billion at list prices in 2008.[111]

text: In 2010, Boeing announced plans to increase production from 5 aircraft per month to 7 aircraft per month by mid-2011, and 8.3 per month by early 2013.[112] Complete assembly of each 777-300ER requires 49 days.[113] In November 2011, assembly began on the 1,000th 777, a -300ER model for Emirates;[113] which was rolled out in March 2012.[114]

text: By April 2014, with cumulative sales surpassing those of the 747, the 777 became the best-selling wide-body airliner; at existing production rates, the aircraft was on track to become the most-delivered wide-body airliner by mid-2016.[115]

text: Mindful of the long time required to bring the 777X to the market, Boeing continued to develop improvement packages which improve fuel efficiency, as well as lower prices for the existing product. As of February 2015, the backlog of undelivered 777s totals 278 aircraft, representing just under three years of current production at 8.3 aircraft per month,[116] causing Boeing to ponder the 2018-2020 time frame. In January 2015, United Airlines ordered 10 Boeing 777-300ERs, normally costing around $150 million each but paid around $130 million, a discount to bridge the production gap to the 777X.[117]

text: In January 2016, Boeing confirmed plans to reduce the production rate of the 777 family from 8.3 per month to 7 per month in 2017 to help close the production gap between the 777 and 777X created by a lack of new orders.[118] In 2018, assembling test 777-9 aircraft is expected to lower output to an effective rate of 5.5 per month.[119] Boeing will drop 777 production to five per month in August 2017.[120]

text: 777X program

text: Launched in November 2013, the under development 777X will be re-engined with new GE9X turbofans, will have a new carbon fiber wings with folding wingtips and a denser cabin. The longer 777-9, seating 414 over 7,600 nmi (14,075 km), should fly in the first quarter of 2019 and be delivered from December 2019, while the shorter 777-8 would seat 365 over 8,700 nmi (16,110 km).

text: Design

text: Boeing introduced a number of advanced technologies with the 777 design, including fully digital fly-by-wire controls,[121] fully software-configurable avionics, Honeywell LCD glass cockpit flight displays,[122] and the first use of a fiber optic avionics network on a commercial airliner.[123] Boeing made use of work done on the cancelled Boeing 7J7 regional jet,[124] which utilized similar versions of the chosen technologies.[124] In 2003, Boeing began offering the option of cockpit electronic flight bag computer displays.[125] In 2013, Boeing announced that the upgraded 777X models would incorporate airframe, systems, and interior technologies from the 787.[126]

text: Fly-by-wire

text: In designing the 777 as its first fly-by-wire commercial aircraft, Boeing decided to retain conventional control yokes rather than change to sidestick controllers as used in many fly-by-wire fighter aircraft and in many Airbus airliners.[121] Along with traditional yoke and rudder controls, the cockpit features a simplified layout that retains similarities to previous Boeing models.[127] The fly-by-wire system also incorporates flight envelope protection, a system that guides pilot inputs within a computer-calculated framework of operating parameters, acting to prevent stalls, overspeeds, and excessively stressful maneuvers.[121] This system can be overridden by the pilot if deemed necessary.[121] The fly-by-wire system is supplemented by mechanical backup.[128]

text: Airframe and systems

text: The wings on the 777 feature a supercritical airfoil design that is swept back at 31.6 degrees and optimized for cruising at Mach 0.83 (revised upward after flight tests to Mach 0.84).[129] The wings are designed with increased thickness and a longer span than previous airliners, resulting in greater payload and range, improved takeoff performance, and a higher cruising altitude.[49] The wings also serve as fuel storage, with longer-range models able to carry up to 47,890 US gallons (181,300 L) of fuel.[130] This capacity allows the 777-200LR to operate ultra-long-distance, trans-polar routes such as Toronto to Hong Kong.[131] In 2013, a new wing made of composite materials was introduced for the upgraded 777X, with a wider span and design features based on the 787's wings.[126]

text: Unlike smaller airliners like the Boeing 737, no current 777 wings have winglets; instead, the exceptionally long raked wings of the 777 serve the same drag-reducing function. Large folding wingtips, 21 feet (6.40 m) long, were offered when the 777 was first launched, to appeal to airlines who might use gates made to accommodate smaller aircraft, but no airline purchased this option.[132] Folding wingtips reemerged as a design feature at the announcement of the upgraded 777X in 2013. Smaller folding wingtips of 11 feet (3.35 m) in length will allow 777X models to use the same airport gates and taxiways as earlier 777s.[126] These smaller folding wingtips are less complex than those proposed for earlier 777s, and internally only affect the wiring needed for wingtip lights.[126]

text: The airframe incorporates the use of composite materials, which comprise nine percent of its original structural weight (all models outside the 777-8 and 777-9).[133] Elements made from composite material include the cabin floor and rudder. The main fuselage cross-section is circular[134] and tapers rearward into a blade-shaped tail cone with a port-facing auxiliary power unit.[6] The aircraft also features the largest landing gear and the biggest tires ever used in a commercial jetliner.[135] The six-wheel bogies are designed to spread the load of the aircraft over a wide area without requiring an additional centerline gear. This helps reduce weight and simplifies the aircraft's braking and hydraulic systems. Each tire of a 777-300ER six-wheel main landing gear can carry a load of 59,490 lb (26,980 kg), which is heavier than other wide-bodies such as the 747-400.[136] The aircraft has triple redundant hydraulic systems with only one system required for landing.[137] A ram air turbine –a small retractable propeller which can provide emergency power– is also fitted in the wing root fairing.[138]

text: Interior

text: The original 777 interior, also known as the Boeing Signature Interior, features curved panels, larger overhead bins, and indirect lighting.[63] Seating options range from four[139] to six abreast in first class up to 10 across in economy.[140] The 777's windows were the largest of any current commercial airliner until the 787, and measure 15-inch (380 mm) by 10-inch (250 mm) in size (all models outside the 777-8 and -9).[141] The cabin also features "Flexibility Zones", which entails deliberate placement of water, electrical, pneumatic, and other connection points throughout the interior space, allowing airlines to move seats, galleys, and lavatories quickly and more easily when adjusting cabin arrangements.[140] Several aircraft have also been fitted with VIP interiors for non-airline use.[142] Boeing designed a hydraulically damped toilet seat cover hinge that closes slowly.[143]

text: In 2003, Boeing introduced overhead crew rests as an option on the 777.[144] Located above the main cabin and connected via staircases, the forward flight crew rest contains two seats and two bunks, while the aft cabin crew rest features multiple bunks.[144] The Signature Interior has since been adapted for other Boeing wide-body and narrow-body aircraft, including 737NG, 747-400, 757-300, and newer 767 models, including all 767-400ER models.[145][146] The 747-8 and 767-400ER have also adopted the larger, more rounded windows of the original 777.

text: In 2011, Flight International reported that Boeing is considering replacing the Signature Interior on the 777 with a new interior similar to that on the 787, as part of a move towards a "common cabin experience" across all Boeing platforms.[147] With the launch of the 777X in 2013, Boeing confirmed that the aircraft would be receiving a new interior featuring 787 cabin elements and larger windows.[126] Further details released in 2014 included re-sculpted cabin sidewalls for greater interior room, noise-dampening technology, and higher cabin humidity.[148]

text: Variants

text: Boeing uses two characteristics – fuselage length and range – to define its 777 models.[18] Passengers and cargo capacity varies by fuselage length: the 777-300 stretched the base 777-200 in 1998. Three range categories were defined: the A-market would cover domestic and regional operations, the B-market would cover routes from Europe to the US West coast and the C-market the longest transpacific routes.[149] The A-market would be covered by a 4,200 nmi (7,800 km) range, 234 t (516,000 lb) MTOW aircraft for 353 to 374 passengers powered by 316 kN (71,000 lbf) engines, followed by a 6,600 nmi (12,200 km) B-market range for 286 passengers in three-class, with 365 kN (82,000 lbf) unit thrust and 263 t (580,000 lb) of MTOW, an A340 competitor, basis of an A-market 409 to 434 passengers stretch, and eventually a 7,600 nmi (14,000 km) C-market with 400 kN (90,000 lbf) engines.[150]

text: When referring to different variants, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) code collapses the 777 model designator and the -200 or -300 variant designator to "772" or "773".[151] The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) aircraft type designator system adds a preceding manufacturer letter for "B772" or "B773".[152] Designations may append a range identifier like "B77W" for the 777-300ER by the ICAO,[152] "77W" for the IATA.[151] Other notations include "773ER",[153] and "773B".[154]

text: The initial 777-200 made its maiden flight on June 12, 1994 and was first delivered to United Airlines on May 15, 1995.[74] With a 247.2 t (545,000 lb) MTOW and 77,000 lbf (340 kN) engines, it has a range of 5,240 nautical miles (9,700 km) with 305 passengers in three-class.[155] The -200 was aimed at U.S. domestic airlines.[18] Nine different -200 customers have taken delivery of 88 aircraft,[1] with 62 in airline service as of July 2017.[10] The competing Airbus is the A330-300.[156]

text: The B-market 777-200ER ("ER" for Extended Range), originally known as the 777-200IGW (increased gross weight), has additional fuel capacity and an increased MTOW for transatlantic routes.[73] With a 298.46t (658,000 lb) MTOW and 93,700 lbf (417 kN) engines, it has a 7,065 nmi (13,084 km) range.[157] It was delivered first to British Airways on February 6, 1997.[74] Thirty-three customers received 422 deliveries, with no unfilled orders.[1] As of July 2017, 354 examples of the -200ER are in airline service.[10] Boeing proposes the 787-10 to replace it.[158] It competes with the A340-300 and the A350-900.

text: It can be delivered de-rated with reduced engine thrust for shorter routes to lower the MTOW, reduce purchase price and landing fees (as 777-200) but can be re-rated to full standard.[159] Singapore Airlines (SIA) ordered over half of its -200ERs de-rated.[159][160] SIA is a large 777 customer.[1]

text: A March 17, 2003, United Airlines flight over the Pacific Ocean carrying 255 passengers made the longest ETOPS flight diversion with only one engine in 177 minutes.[161][162] A British Airways 777-200ER flew the fastest New York to London subsonic flight at 5 hours and 16 minutes in January 2015 due to strong tail winds.[163][164]{{efn|These articles do not distinguish between a 777-200 and 777-200ER.[165] It broke the eastbound great circle "distance without landing" record.

text: Launched at the Paris air show on June 26, 1995, its major assembly started in March 1997 and its body was joined on July 21, it was rolled-out on September 8 and made its first flight on October 16. The 777 was designed to be stretched by 20%: 60 extra seats to almost 370 in tri-class, 75 more to 451 in two classes, or up to 550 in all-economy like the 747SR short-range variant. The 33 ft (10.1 m) stretch is done with 17 ft (5.3 m) in ten frames forward and 16 ft (4.8 m) in nine frames aft for a 242 ft (73.8 m) length, 11 ft (3.4 m) longer than the 747. It uses the -200IGW 45,200 US gal (171,200 L) fuel capacity and 84,000–98,000 lbf (374–436 kN) engines with a 580,000 to 661,000 lb (263.3 to 299.6 t) MTOW.[166]

text: It has ground maneuvering cameras for taxiing and a tailskid to rotate, while the proposed 324.6t MTOW -300X will need a semi-levered main gear. Its overwing fuselage section 44 was strengthened, with its skin thickness going from the -200's 6.3 to 11.4 mm (0.25 to 0.45 in), and received a new evacuation door pair. Its operating empty weight with Rolls-Royce engines in typical tri-class layout is 343,300 lb (155.72 t) compared to 307,300 lb (139.38 t) for a similarly configured -200. Boeing wanted to deliver 170 -300s by 2006 and to produce 28 per year by 2002, to replace Boeing 747 Classics, burning one-third less fuel with 40% lower maintenance costs.[166]

text: Heavily trafficked Japanese routes use the high-density 550 single class seat configuration.[167] With 97,900 lbf (435 kN) engines and a 300.27t (662,000 lb) MTOW, its range is 6,030 nmi (11,165 km).[155] It was certified simultaneously by the FAA and JAA.[77] The first -300 was delivered to Cathay Pacific on May 21, 1998.[74][78] Eight -300 customers have taken delivery of 60 aircraft,[1] 49 of which were in service as of July 2017.[10] The longer range A340-600 was offered in competition.[168][169] The extended range -300ER was preferred after its 2004 introduction

text: The 777-300ER ("ER" for Extended Range) is the B-market version of the -300. Its higher MTOW and increased fuel capacity permits a maximum range of 7,370 nautical miles (13,650 km) with 396 passengers in a two-class seating arrangement.[157] The 777-300ER features raked and extended wingtips, a strengthened fuselage and wings and a modified main landing gear.[170] Its wings have an aspect ratio of 9.0.[171] It is powered by the GE90-115B turbofan, the most powerful jet engine with a maximum thrust of 115,300 lbf (513 kN).[172] Following flight testing, aerodynamic refinements have reduced fuel burn by an additional 1.4%.[88][173]

text: Since its launch, the -300ER has been a primary driver of the twinjet's sales past the rival A330/340 series.[9] Its direct competitors have included the Airbus A340-600 and the A350-1000.[100] Using two engines produces a typical operating cost advantage of around 8–9% for the -300ER over the A340-600.[174] Several airlines have acquired the -300ER as a 747-400 replacement amid rising fuel prices given its 20% fuel burn advantage.[89] The -300ER has a $44 per seat hour, compared to an Airbus A380's roughly $50 per seat hour (hourly cost is about $26,000), and $90 per seat hour for a Boeing 747-400 as of November 2015.[175]

text: The first -300ER was delivered to Air France on April 29, 2004.[176] The -300ER is the best-selling 777 variant, having surpassed the -200ER in orders in 2010 and deliveries in 2013.[1] As of September 2017, -300ER deliveries to 45 different customers totalled 758, with 71 unfilled orders.[1] As of July 2017, 739 Boeing 777-300ER aircraft were in service.[10]

text: The 777-200LR ("LR" for Longer Range), the C-market model, entered service in 2006 as one of the longest-range commercial airliners.[177][178] Boeing named it Worldliner as it can connect almost any two airports in the world,[8] although it is subject to ETOPS restrictions.[179] It holds the world record for the longest nonstop flight by a commercial airliner.[8] It has a maximum design range of 8,555 nautical miles (15,844 km) as of 2017.[157] The -200LR was intended for ultra long-haul routes such as Los Angeles to Singapore.[80]

text: Developed alongside the -300ER, the -200LR features an increased MTOW and three optional auxiliary fuel tanks in the rear cargo hold.[177] Other new features include raked wingtips, redesigned main landing gear, and additional structural strengthening.[177] As with the -300ER and 777F, the -200LR is equipped with wingtip extensions of 12.8 ft (3.90 m).[177] The -200LR is powered by GE90-110B1 or GE90-115B turbofans.[180] The first -200LR was delivered to Pakistan International Airlines on February 26, 2006.[91][181] Eleven different -200LR customers took delivery of 59 aircraft, with no unfilled orders.[1] Airlines operated 55 of the -200LR variant as of July 2017[update].[10] Delta Air Lines and Emirates are the largest operators of the LR variant, each operating 10 aircraft.[10] The closest competing aircraft from Airbus are the discontinued A340-500HGW[177] and the forthcoming A350-900ULR.[182]

text: 777 Freighter

text: The 777 Freighter (777F) is an all-cargo version of the twinjet, and shares features with the -200LR; these include its airframe, engines,[183] and fuel capacity.[130] With a maximum payload of 224,900 lb (102,000 kg) (similar to the 243,000 lb (110,000 kg) of the 747-200F), it has a range of 4,970 nmi (9,200 km).[157] Greater range is possible if less cargo weight is carried.[184]

text: As the aircraft promises improved operating economics compared to older freighters,[89] airlines have viewed the 777F as a replacement for freighters such as the 747-200F, MD-10, and MD-11F.[93][185] The first 777F was delivered to Air France on February 19, 2009.[96] As of September 2017, 131 freighters had been delivered to 16 different customers, with 30 unfilled orders.[1] Operators had 128 of the 777F in service as of July 2017.[10]

text: In the 2000s, Boeing began studying the conversion of 777-200ER and -200 passenger airliners into freighters, under the name 777 BCF (Boeing Converted Freighter).[186] The company has been in discussion with several airline customers, including FedEx Express, UPS Airlines, and GE Capital Aviation Services, to provide launch orders for a 777 BCF program.[187]

text: 777-8 and -9

text: Launched in November 2013, the under development 777X will feature GE9X new engines, new carbon fiber wings with folding wingtips and a denser cabin. The longer 777-9, seating 414 over 7,600 nmi (14,075 km), should fly in the first quarter of 2019 and be delivered from December 2019, while the shorter 777-8 would seat 365 over 8,700 nmi (16,110 km).

text: Government and corporate

text: Versions of the 777 have been acquired by government and private customers. The main purpose has been for VIP transport, including as an air transport for heads of state, although the aircraft has also been proposed for other military applications.

text:
777 Business Jet (777 VIP) – the Boeing Business Jet version of the 777 that is sold to corporate customers. Boeing has received orders for 777 VIP aircraft based on the 777-200LR and 777-300ER passenger models.[188][189] The aircraft are fitted with private jet cabins by third party contractors,[188] and completion may take 3 years.[190]
777 Tanker (KC-777) – the KC-777 is a proposed tanker version of the 777. In September 2006, Boeing announced that it would produce the KC-777 if the United States Air Force (USAF) required a larger tanker than the KC-767, able to transport more cargo or personnel.[191][192][193] In April 2007, Boeing offered its 767-based KC-767 Advanced Tanker instead of the KC-777 to replace the smaller Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker under the USAF's KC-X program.[194] Boeing officials have described the KC-777 as suitable for the related KC-Z program to replace the wide-body McDonnell Douglas KC-10 Extender.[195]
In 2014, the Japanese government chose to procure two 777-300ERs to serve as the official air transport for the Emperor of Japan and Prime Minister of Japan.[196] The aircraft, to be operated by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force under the callsign Japanese Air Force One, are scheduled to enter service in 2019 and replace two 747-400s. Besides VIP transport, the 777s are also intended for use in emergency relief missions.[196]
777s have served as official government transports for nations including Gabon (VIP-configured 777-200ER),[197] Turkmenistan (VIP-configured 777-200LR),[198] and the United Arab Emirates (VIP-configured 777-200ER and 777-300ER operated by Abu Dhabi Amiri Flight).[189] Prior to returning to power as Prime Minister of Lebanon, Rafic Hariri acquired a 777-200ER as an official transport.[199]
In 2014, the USAF examined the possibility of adopting modified 777-300ERs or 777-9Xs to replace the Boeing 747-200 aircraft used as Air Force One.[200] Although the USAF had preferred a four engine aircraft, this was mainly due to precedent (the existing aircraft were purchased when the 767 was just beginning to prove itself with ETOPS; decades later, the 777 and other twin jets established a comparable level of performance as quad-jet aircraft).[200] Ultimately, the air force decided against the 777, and selected instead the Boeing 747-8 to become the next presidential aircraft.[201]

text: Operators

text: Boeing customers that have received the most 777s are Emirates, Singapore Airlines, United Airlines, ILFC, and American Airlines.[1] Emirates is the largest airline operator as of July 2017,[10] and is the only customer to have operated all 777 variants produced, including the -200, -200ER, -200LR, -300, -300ER, and 777F.[1][202] The 1,000th 777 off the production line, a -300ER set to be Emirates' 102nd 777, was unveiled at a factory ceremony in March 2012.[114]

text: A total of 1,387 aircraft (all variants) were in airline service as of July 2017, with Emirates (161), United Airlines (88), Cathay Pacific (70), Air France (70), American Airlines (67), British Airways (58), Qatar Airways (55), Singapore Airlines (53), All Nippon Airways (52) and other operators with fewer aircraft of the type.[10]

text: In 2017, 777 Classics are towards the end of their mainline service: with a -200 age ranging from three to 22 years, 43 Classic 777s or 7.5% of the fleet have been retired. Values of 777-200ERs have declined by 45% since January 2014, faster than Airbus A330s and Boeing 767s with 30%, due to the lack of a major secondary market but only a few budget, air charters and ACMI operators. In 2015, Richard H. Anderson, then Delta Air Lines' chairman and chief executive, said he had been offered 777-200s for less than $10 million. To keep them cost efficient, operators densifies their 777s for about $10 million each, like Scoot with 402 seats in its dual-class -200s, or Cathay Pacific which switched the 3-3-3 economy layout of 777-300s to 3-4-3 to seat 396 on regional services.[203]

text: Orders and deliveries

text:
Boeing 777 orders and deliveries by type[1]

view
talk
edit

Total orders
Total deliveries

777-200
88
88

777-200ER
422
422

777-200LR
59
59

777-300
60
60

777-300ER
829
758

777F
161
131

777X
326
–

Total
1,945
1,518

text: Orders and deliveries through September 30, 2017[1]

text:
Boeing 777 orders[1] and deliveries[204] by year

1990-94
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
Total

Orders (all variants)
112
101
68
54
68
35
116
30
32
13
42
153
76
110
39
30
75
194
75
121
283
58
17
43
1,945

Deliveries
777-200
–
13
32
11
10
3
9
3
–
1
2
3
–
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
88

777-200ER
–
–
–
48
50
63
42
55
41
29
22
13
23
19
3
4
3
–
3
4
–
–
–
–
422

777-200LR
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
2
10
11
16
9
6
1
1
3
–
–
–
59

777-300
–
–
–
–
14
17
4
3
6
9
2
4
1
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
60

777-300ER
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
10
20
39
53
47
52
40
52
60
79
83
79
88
56
758

777F
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
16
22
15
19
14
13
19
11
2
131

777X
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Deliveries (all variants)
–
13
32
59
74
83
55
61
47
39
36
40
65
83
61
88
74
73
83
98
99
98
99
58
1,518

text: Orders [1] and deliveries[204] through September 30, 2017

text: Boeing 777 orders and deliveries (cumulative, by year):

text: Orders

text: Deliveries

text: Orders[1] and deliveries[204] through September 30, 2017

text:
Model variants by ICAO code

ICAO designation[152]
Model series

B772
777-200

B77E
777-200ER

B77L
777-200LR

B77F
777-200F

B773
777-300

B77W
777-300ER

B77X
777-9X

text: Accidents and incidents

text: As of February 2017, the 777 has been involved in nineteen aviation accidents and incidents,[206] including a total of six hull-losses – at least one due to a criminal act – resulting in 541 fatalities; and three hijackings.[207][208] The first fatality involving the twinjet occurred in a fire while an aircraft was being refueled at Denver International Airport in the United States on September 5, 2001, during which a ground worker sustained fatal burns.[209] The aircraft, operated by British Airways, suffered fire damage to the lower wing panels and engine housing; it was later repaired and returned to service.[209][210]

text: The type's first hull-loss occurred on January 17, 2008, when a 777-200ER with Rolls-Royce Trent 895 engines, flying from Beijing to London as British Airways Flight 38, crash-landed approximately 1,000 feet (300 m) short of Heathrow Airport's runway 27L and slid onto the runway's threshold. There were 47 injuries and no fatalities. The impact damaged the landing gear, wing roots and engines. The aircraft was written off.[211][212] The accident was attributed to ice crystals suspended in the aircraft's fuel clogging the fuel-oil heat exchanger (FOHE).[205][213] Two other minor momentary losses of thrust with Trent 895 engines occurred later in 2008.[214][215] Investigators found these were also caused by ice in the fuel clogging the FOHE. As a result, the heat exchanger was redesigned.[205][216]

text: On July 29, 2011, a 777-200ER scheduled to operate as EgyptAir Flight 667, suffered a cockpit fire while parked at the gate at Cairo International Airport before its departure.[217] The aircraft was evacuated with no injuries,[217] and airport fire teams extinguished the fire.[218] The aircraft sustained structural-, heat- and smoke damage, and was written off.[217][218] Investigators focused on a possible short circuit between an electrical cable and a supply hose in the cockpit crew oxygen system.[217]

text: On July 6, 2013, a 777-200ER operating as Asiana Airlines Flight 214, crashed while landing at San Francisco International Airport after touching down short of the runway. The 307 surviving passengers and crew on board evacuated before fire destroyed the aircraft. Two passengers, who had not been wearing their seatbelts, were ejected from the aircraft during the crash and were killed.[219] A third passenger died six days later as a result of injuries sustained during the crash.[220] These were the first fatalities in a crash involving a 777 since its entry into service in 1995.[221][220][222] The official accident investigation concluded in June 2014 that the pilots committed 20 to 30 minor to significant errors in their final approach, and that complexities of the automated controls contributed to the accident.[223][224]

text: On March 8, 2014, a 777-200ER carrying 227 passengers and 12 crew, en route from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing as Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, was reported missing. Air Traffic Control's last reported coordinates for the aircraft were over the South China Sea at 6°55′15″N 103°34′43″E / 6.92083°N 103.57861°E / 6.92083; 103.57861.[225][226] After the search for the aircraft began, Malaysia's prime minister announced on March 24, 2014 that after analysis of new satellite data it was now to be assumed "beyond reasonable doubt" that the aircraft had crashed in the Indian Ocean and there were no survivors.[227][228] As of August 2016[update], the cause remains unknown, but the Malaysian Government declared it was an accident in January 2015.[229][230] On July 29, 2015, an item later identified as a flaperon from the missing aircraft was found on the island of Réunion in the western Indian Ocean.[231]

text: The fifth hull loss occurred on July 17, 2014, when a 777-200ER, bound for Kuala Lumpur from Amsterdam as Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, broke up in mid-air and crashed[232] in the Donetsk province in eastern Ukraine, after being hit by an anti-aircraft missile.[233] All 298 people (283 passengers and 15 crew) on board were killed. The incident was linked to the ongoing Donbass insurgency in the region.[234][235] The official accident report, released in October 2015, states that airliner was brought down by a Buk missile launched from territory held by pro-Russian separatists.[236]

text: On September 8, 2015, a 777-200ER caught fire during its take-off at Las Vegas McCarran International Airport as British Airways Flight 2276, after one of its General Electric GE90-85B engines suffered a serious uncontained engine failure. The take-off was aborted and all crew and passengers were evacuated with only minor injuries occurring. Investigators discovered that debris from inside the engine had punctured 'multiple' holes in the engine case.[237][238][239][240]

text: On May 27, 2016, an engine caught fire on a 777-300 before it was due to take off as Korean Air Flight 2708 at Tokyo International Airport, commonly known as Haneda Airport. Shortly before take-off, the Number 1 Pratt & Whitney PW4000 engine caught fire. All 17 crew members and 302 passengers evacuated safely. Fire fighters put out the fire within an hour. The incident is under investigation.[241][242][243][importance?]

text: On June 27, 2016, a 777-300ER suffered an oil leak in the right engine while en route from Singapore to Milan as Singapore Airlines Flight 368. It was diverted back to Singapore Changi Airport for an emergency landing. The right engine and wing caught fire during the landing roll and sustained serious fire damage. There were no injuries.[244][245]

text: On August 3, 2016, the sixth hull-loss of the type occurred, when a 777-300 crashed while landing and caught fire at Dubai Airport at the end of its flight as Emirates Flight 521.[246] The preliminary investigation indicated that the aircraft was attempting a landing during active wind shear conditions. The pilots initiated a go-around procedure shortly after the main wheels touched-down onto the runway, however the aircraft settled back onto the ground apparently due to late throttle application. As the undercarriage was in the process of being retracted, the aircraft landed on its rear underbody and engine nacelles, resulting in the separation of one engine, loss of control and subsequent crash.[247] There were no passenger casualties of the 300 people on board, however one airport fireman was killed fighting the fire. The aircraft's fuselage and right wing were badly damaged by the fire.[246][248]

text: Specifications

text:
Boeing 777 specifications

Model
777-200[180]
777-200ER[180]
777-200LR[130]
777F[130]
777-300[180]
777-300ER[130]

Cockpit crew
Two

3-class[155]
305 (24F/54J/227Y)
301 (16F/58J/227Y)

368 (30F/84J/254Y)
365 (22F/70J/273Y)

2-class/capacity[157]
313
317
224,900 lb / 102,010 kg
396

Exit limit[249]
440
11
550

Length
209 ft 1 in / 63.73 m
242 ft 4 in / 73.86 m

Wingspan
199 ft 11 in / 60.93 m
212 ft 7 in / 64.80 m
199 ft 11 in / 60.93 m
212 ft 7 in / 64.80 m

Wing sweep
31.6°[250]

Wing area
4,605 sq ft (427.8 m2)[250]
4,702 sq ft (436.8 m2)[251]
4,605 sq ft (427.8 m2)[250]
4,702 sq ft (436.8 m2)[251]

Aspect ratio
8.68
9.04
8.68
9.04

Tail height[157]
60 ft 9 in / 18.5 m
61 ft 1 in / 18.6 m
60 ft 8 in / 18.5 m

Cabin width
230 in / 5.84 m

Seat width
18.5 in / 47 cm at 9 abreast, 17 in / 43 cm at 10 abreast

Fuselage width
20 ft 4 in / 6.20 m

Maximum cargo capacity[157]
5,330 ft³ / 150.9 m³
23,051 ft³ / 652.7 m³
7,120 ft³ / 201.6 m³

Maximum takeoff weight (MTOW)
545,000 lb / 247,200 kg
656,000 lb / 297,550 kg
766,000 lb / 347,452 kg
766,800 lb / 347,815 kg
660,000 lb / 299,370 kg
775,000 lb / 351,533 kg

Max. landing weight
445,000 lb / 201,840 kg
470,000 lb / 213,180 kg
492,000 lb / 223,168 kg
575,000 lb / 260,816 kg
524,000 lb / 237,680 kg
554,000 lb / 251,290 kg

Operating empty weight
299,550 lb / 135,850 kg
304,500 lb / 138,100 kg
320,000 lb / 145,150 kg
318,300 lb / 144,379 kg
353,800 lb / 160,530 kg
370,000 lb / 167,829 kg

Fuel capacity
31,000 US gal / 117,340 L / 207,700 lb / 94,240 kg
45,220 US gal / 171,171 L / 302,270 lb / 137,460 kg
47,890 US gal / 181,283 L / 320,863 lb / 145,538 kg
45,220 US gal / 171,171 L / 302,270 lb / 137,460 kg
47,890 US gal / 181,283 L / 320,863 lb / 145,538 kg

Service ceiling[249]
43,100 ft (13,100 m)

Cruise speed
Mach 0.84 (892 km/h; 554 mph)

Max. speed
Mach 0.89 (945 km/h; 587 mph)[252]

Range[157]
5,240 nmi / 9,700 km[a][155]
7,065 nmi / 13,080 km[b]
8,555 nmi / 15,840 km[c]
4,970 nmi / 9,200 km[d]
6,030 nmi / 11,165 km[e][155]
7,370 nmi / 13,650 km[f]

Takeoff distance[g]
8,000 ft
2,440 m
11,100 ft
3,380 m
9,200 ft
2,800 m
9,300 ft
2,830 m
10,600 ft
3,230 m
10,000 ft
3,050 m

Turbofan (×2)
PW 4077
RR 877
GE90-77B
PW 4090
RR 895
GE90-94B
GE90-110B1
GE90-115B1
PW 4098
RR 892
GE90-92B/-94B
GE90-115B1

Max thrust (×2)
77,200 lbf (343 kN)
93,700 lbf (417 kN)
115,300 lbf (513 kN)
98,000 lbf (440 kN)
115,300 lbf (513 kN)


document_title: Robin in other media

question_text: when did robin appear in batman the animated series

root

text: Robin in other media

text: Television[edit]

text: Live-action[edit]

text: In the 1960s Batman television series and its 1966 movie offshoot, Robin (Dick Grayson) was played by Burt Ward.

tag: p

text: In 2018, actor Brenton Thwaites will portray Dick Grayson in the DC Comics’ Titans television series, depicted as the former protege of Batman who left to form his own group of heroes such as Beast Boy, Starfire, and Raven.[1] Also, the seventh episode of season one is titled "Jason Todd", it's unknown if this version will be introduced as the Red Hood already or maybe as Batman's sidekick aspirant since Grayson left.

text: Animation[edit]

text: Super Friends[edit]

text: In DC Comics related cartoon series, produced by Filmation and Hanna-Barbera throughout the 1970s and 1980s, such as the Super Friends, Robin (Dick Grayson) was voiced by Casey Kasem or Burt Ward. Both the live-action and animated versions wore the standard Robin costume, much like the film serial versions of the 1940s. He is not paired with Batman in the Cartoon Network programs Justice League and Justice League Unlimited due to the Bat-Embargo which limited the use of Batman-related characters from any media source outside of the new Batman Begins movie franchise and The Batman animated series.

text: DC animated universe[edit]

text: The Dick Grayson version of Robin made his first appearance during the first season of Batman: The Animated Series (1992–1995), voiced by Loren Lester. He only made occasional appearances due to Bruce Timm's insistence that Batman worked best as a solo hero as already proven in the first two Burton films. The second season was known as The Adventures of Batman and Robin, as per orders of the Warner Bros. executives who wished for more frequent appearances of Robin to be made throughout the season. The Robin costume is identical to Tim Drake's Robin costume from the comics.

text: The Tim Drake version of Robin appears as the second incarnation in The New Batman Adventures (1997–1998). This continuity does not include Jason Todd by name, but the cartoons describe Drake as a combination of all three Robins. Versions of the Carrie Kelley (Anndi McAfee) and 1950s (Brianne Siddall) Robins, both in the original costume, also make short appearances on the show in a dream sequence from the episode "Legends of the Dark Knight".

text: Tim Drake was voiced by Mathew Valencia in The New Batman Adventures, and by Eli Marienthal and Shane Sweet on Static Shock.

text: Teen Titans[edit]

text: The Cartoon Network series Teen Titans (an adaptation of the New Teen Titans comic book series) with one similarity is that the character Robin is the Teen Titan's leader. Robin joins Beast Boy, Cyborg, Raven and Starfire when Jump City is threatened by aliens in "Go!". Robin is generally respected by the others as the team's best leader, but on the inside he is driven by an unhealthy obsession to win, which sometimes alienates him from his teammates ("Divide And Conquer", "Masks", "Winner Take All", "The Quest").

text: The identity of the series iteration of Robin (voiced by Scott Menville) isn't directly obvious, as the style of this version's costume is still closely modeled on Tim Drake's first costume as well as Robin's costume from Batman: The Animated Series, however, the colors are those of Dick Grayson and Jason Todd. Also, Robin has never been directly referred to by full name which was intentional, according to both Sam Register and Glen Murakami. The time-travel themed episode "How Long Is Forever?" showed a future where Robin has taken on the role of Nightwing (a role taken up by Dick Grayson). The episode "Fractured" shows an alternate universe version of Robin with exactly the same DNA shows up named Nosyarg Kcid (Dick Grayson spelled backwards).[2]

text: In many instances, Robin's relationship to Batman is heavily referenced. In "Go", just before Robin attacks a thief, bats fly at him. After a while the thief says, "Aren't you supposed to be with..." only to be interrupted by Robin who says, "Just moved here. I work alone now", and throughout the episode, he says he doesn't want to be in a team again so soon. In "Haunted", Raven uses her powers to enter Robin's mind; one of the images she sees is Robin's shadow in a cave area swearing an oath to someone, and part of a circus ring with two figures falling (taken from Dick Grayson's origin). When Robin rejects Slade in "Apprentice: Part 2" as a father figure he mentions "I already have a father", and then the screen shows a shot of a dark sky with bats flying through it, also referring to Batman. In that same episode, a battle ensues on top of a building that says "WAYNE ENTERPRISES". In "The Quest", Robin says that he was trained by the best and this is believed to be a reference to the Batman.

text: Robin also has shown to have romantic feelings for Starfire since they first met (just like Dick Grayson). There have been romantic moments shared between the two in the series, but neither Robin nor Starfire admit their feelings for each other until the movie Teen Titans: Trouble in Tokyo. During the film, Robin and Starfire come very close to admitting their feelings and having their first romantic kiss, but sadly Robin proves to be too focused on the mission (and also being interrupted by Beast Boy and the others) before insisting that, as heroes, they can never be anything more. However, after the film's climax battle, Robin and Starfire finally admit their feelings for each other and share their first true romantic kiss with Cyborg commenting, "Well, it's about time!". In the end, they are both seen holding hands and finally become a romantic couple.

text: The tie-in comic, Teen Titans Go! appears to confirm that this version of Robin is indeed Dick Grayson, as issue #47 focuses on Robin struggling through the anniversary of the death of his parents (which are shown to be the Flying Graysons, as in the episode "Haunted") with the other Titans trying to help him cope. Batman makes a cameo overseeing Titans Tower from the city, and after seeing Robin and Starfire kiss, claims that Robin is "in better hands".[3]

text: Jason Todd is also mentioned by Beast Boy to be a potential candidate for Red X in the episode "X".

text: The Batman[edit]

text: The Dick Grayson version of Robin appeared in The Batman, voiced by Evan Sabara. In this version, Dick Grayson is an energetic, gifted acrobat and one of the main attractions of Hayley's Circus, along with his parents, as part of the amazing Flying Grayson's act. His life was changed forever when Tony Zucco and his brothers tried to threaten Grayson's father into taking a "protection" policy. When the Graysons refused, an altercation resulted in the police and Batman being called. The Zuccos were easily defeated for the moment one of Tony's brothers was even captured.

text: An angered Zucco altered the rigs on the Flying Graysons trapeze act, causing Dick's parents to fall to their deaths right in front of their son during a performance. With no surviving family members, Dick was taken in by Bruce Wayne as Bruce saw shades of himself in Dick after his own parents' murder. After Dick discovered that Wayne was Batman, the two worked together to capture Zucco. Dick chose the codename "Robin" because that is what his mother had called him.

text: Grayson sports a costume elements of Tim Drake's two Robin costumes, although an early promotional photo showed a suit with a bit more originality. His costume and equipment are also influenced heavily by his Teen Titans counterpart, however, their personalities differ massively; whereas the Teen Titans incarnation is a serious, focused and occasionally obsessive leader, this version is far less serious and genuinely enjoys his work as a vigilante, constantly spouting one-liners and generally acting in the mould of a typical teenager and his Golden Age comic counterpart. Some tension arose when Robin and Batgirl (Barbara Gordon) met. Batgirl, having been active as a vigilante and wanna-be partner of the Batman some time before Robin appeared, was quite jealous of Batman's new 'official partner'. This was changed when Batman took the liberty of revealing their identities to Batgirl and fully accepted into the fold. Afterward, Robin and Batgirl developed a more friendly, almost sibling-like working relationship. Robin even likes calling Batgirl "Babs" when they aren't in costumes, though she is not fond of the nickname.

text: As depicted in a possible future during the episode "Artifacts", Dick Grayson gives up the "Robin" name and costume to become Nightwing. Barbara and Batman still persist in calling him by his original codename. Batman did this more out of habit, and Barbara did it as a flirting sort of way to annoy Dick. The police department who discover the Batcave in the beginning of the episode call Robin as 'Red Robin', a reference to Kingdom Come, and they theorize that Bruce Wayne was Red Robin (with his father as Batman and his mother as Batwoman).

text: Krypto the Superdog[edit]

text: In the Krypto the Superdog episode, "Bathound and the Robin", a literal robin called "Robbie" is saved by Ace the Bathound and wants to be Ace's sidekick, much to the dismay of Ace. Robbie's costume resembled the classic outfit of Dick Grayson.

text: Batman: The Brave and the Bold[edit]

text: Dick Grayson was featured in Batman: The Brave and the Bold in the episode "The Color of Revenge!" He is depicted as the protector of Blüdhaven - the city where he fights crime in the comics as Nightwing - but he is seen in the episode still as Robin. The rift between him and Batman has already taken place, and he is seen to still be angry at Batman for still treating him as a sidekick rather than a superhero in his own right. It is only after cooperating with Batman to defeat Crazy Quilt that Robin earns Batman's respect. After Crazy Quilt is defeated, Robin joins Batman when Killer Moth hijacks the Gotham Bank Money Train, but he rides in the side cart of Batman's motorcycle (something he stated he never wanted to do again). Robin was voiced by Crawford Wilson, and the teaser episode has several references to the 1960s Batman television series. Subsequently, he is seen in "Sidekicks Assemble!" where he leads fellow sidekicks Speedy and Aqualad in a battle against Ra's al Ghul. At the end of the episode, he decides to step out of the shadow of his mentor and take the costume and identity of Nightwing. He is seen as Robin once again in the teaser for "Emperor Joker!", which shows a flashback to an earlier battle between the Dynamic Duo and Firefly. In "The Criss Cross Conspiracy!", Nightwing returns and a flashback shows him as Robin. Dick eventually becomes the new Batman in the alternate future story, "The Knights of Tomorrow!", with Damian Wayne acting as the new Robin. The episode ends with Damian succeeding Dick as the new Batman after the former retires, and Damian's unnamed son (voiced by Sebastian Bader) becomes the new Robin. Damian Wayne is voiced by both Patrick Cavanaugh (as a child) and by Diedrich Bader (as an adult). Later, in the opening for "Triumvirate of Terror" Robin was seen in the team of the Justice League International playing baseball against the Legion of Doom.

text: Young Justice[edit]

text: Robin (Dick Grayson) is one of the main cast members in the animated adaptation of Young Justice.[4] The character is voiced by actor Jesse McCartney.[5] Along with Aqualad, Kid Flash and Superboy, Robin is one of the founding members of Young Justice. However, when not on team missions, he still lives and performs his duties in Gotham City. As the most experienced member of the team, he assumed that he would automatically be the leader, but this would prove to not be the case. When in combat with Batman, their relationship is so defined that they do not need to communicate and Robin therefore assumed he could disappear and that others would immediately know what to do. Robin nominates Aqualad who accepts, saying that Robin will one day take over as he was born to lead the team. Throughout missions, Robin is shown to be the hacker of the group, making use of the computer interface on his wrist. As the youngest member of the team, he is still a bit immature and can often be heard laughing in combat as to either toy with or intimidate his opponents. He also questions the meaning of words, such as wondering why something is overwhelming, and not just "whelming".

text: In season 2, set 5 years later, Dick Grayson as Nightwing leads the team and has been replaced as Robin by Tim Drake. In Episode 8 of season 2 in the Justice League pantheon for fallen heroes we see a hologrammed computerized image of what appears to portray a second Robin with features similar to Jason Todd.

text: New Teen Titans[edit]

text: The Teen Titans iteration of Robin returns in the New Teen Titans shorts, with Scott Menville reprising his role. One of the shorts included an appearance by the DC One Million version of Robin.

tag: ul

text: Teen Titans Go![edit]

text: The Teen Titans iteration of Robin returns in Teen Titans Go! with Scott Menville reprising his role. In the show, Robin is portrayed as the self-appointed, hard-as-nails, hubristic, slightly power mad leader of the Teen Titans but fairly more light-hearted, and has a huge crush on Starfire but is too nervous to admit this, though he is also seen as being very arrogant, often depicting himself as the so-called "best superhero", believing that he is better than his friends and heroes should always put themselves in the spotlight and take all the glory. He is also a "sleep-Fighter", and is insecure about his lack of superpowers, which has, on multiple occasions, led to one of the other Titans committing mutiny and replacing Robin as leader. In some episodes, he is shown to fall into fits of madness easily, completely ignoring his team to follow through on his own view of how to carry something out. Such examples included continuing to dig an escape tunnel despite being rescued, forcing his teammates to rely on seven numbered options and scant resources during an educational 1800s-style road trip without even the slightest bit of concern for their well-being (which ultimately leads to their deaths, which he reacts to with a lot of callousness), and thinking that nature is so dangerous he needs to be on edge and eat whatever he can find. An episode also showed that he had a backup Robin squad which features Carrie Kelly, a darker Tim Drake, and the upbeat 60s version all voiced by Scott.

text: Film[edit]

text: Live-action serials[edit]

text: Batman[edit]

text: In director Lambert Hillyer's 1943 film serial Batman, Robin was played by Douglas Croft. Croft was the only actor to portray Robin at the actual age of sixteen; subsequent live-action actors have either been in their early to late 20s.[citation needed]

text: Batman and Robin[edit]

text: Robin was played by 26-year-old Johnny Duncan in Columbia Pictures' Batman and Robin (1949), directed by Spencer Gordon Bennet.[citation needed]

text: Live-Action featured films[edit]

text: Burton-Schumacher series[edit]

text: Early concepts[edit]

text: Robin did not appear in the Tim Burton movies Batman (1989) and Batman Returns (1992). This was an unusual move as the two 1940s serials as well as the 1966 movie and attendant TV show had presented the 'Dynamic Duo' as an inseparable pair, with the general public unaware that the comic-book incarnation of Batman often worked alone. The special edition version of the Batman (1989) DVD features an animated storyboard sequence of when Robin's parents are killed by the Joker. Jason Hillhouse provides the voice of Dick Grayson, while Kevin Conroy and Mark Hamill reprise their respective roles (from the DC animated universe) as Batman and the Joker in the storyboard sequence. Burton planned to cast Northern Irish actor Ricky Addison Reed as Robin, but later felt it was unimportant to the story and cut Robin out altogether. In an earlier script of Batman Returns, he was portrayed as a technologically savvy street kid who would help Batman following his narrow escape when The Penguin tried to kill him. He would later play a crucial role in Batman's final confrontation with The Penguin. In that script, he was simply called Robin, has no known real name, and was to be played by Marlon Wayans.[6]

text: Batman Forever[edit]

text: Wayans was considered for the role of Robin in Batman Forever, but the change in directors from Burton to Joel Schumacher would also mean a change in the choice of actor for the role of Robin.[7] Chris O'Donnell played the character of Dick Grayson in the film, alongside Val Kilmer in the role of Batman. Dick Grayson's parents and older brother were murdered by Two-Face during a hostage situation at the annual Gotham Circus after the family helps get rid of a bomb rigged to explode. Bruce Wayne takes him in as his ward out of guilt for being unable to save Dick's family. Dick soon finds out that Bruce is Batman and becomes a costumed hero in his late teens. His costume closely resembles the Robin uniform worn by Tim Drake and the Robin costume from Batman: The Animated Series. However, Robin's classic costume appears as Grayson's circus uniform, sans the "R" symbol and face mask[citation needed].

text: Batman & Robin[edit]

text: O'Donnell reprised the role in the 1997 film Batman & Robin, this time opposite George Clooney as Batman. Tension between Batman and Robin is present in the film due to Robin growing tired of playing second fiddle to Batman and desiring to break free from Batman's shadow, particularly after Robin's recklessness leads to him getting frozen by Mr. Freeze. These feelings are later amplified when Poison Ivy exposes Robin to her pheromone dust and causes him to fall in love with her, sowing seeds of doubt regarding Batman's faith in his ward. In the film's climax, Robin eventually sees through Ivy's schemes and makes amends with Batman, and throughout the film, it is hinted that he harbours romantic feelings towards Alfred's niece, Barbara Wilson, who later becomes Batgirl. His costume is a blue rubber suit with a red bird symbol on the chest. He also wears a silvery Arctic version of his Robin costume.

text: Cancelled Robin spin-off[edit]

text:
Chris O'Donnell revealed to Access Hollywood that a Robin spin-off was planned but got scrapped after Batman & Robin.
[8]

text: Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy[edit]

text: In a June 2005 interview, Christopher Nolan, the director of Batman Begins and The Dark Knight, said that as long as he was directing the franchise, Robin would not be appearing. Since Christian Bale was portraying Batman as a young man at the time of "Year One", Dick Grayson was still a child at that point.[9] Bale has also given the same opinion regarding Robin, even though his favorite Batman story, Batman: Dark Victory, focuses on Robin's origin.[10]

text: The Dark Knight Rises[edit]

text: In the film The Dark Knight Rises, Batman finds an ally in a young policeman who goes by the name of John Blake (portrayed by Joseph Gordon-Levitt), an original character created exclusively for the film. The character is Christopher Nolan's interpretation/re-imagining of the first three Robin characters in the comics.[citation needed] Like both Dick Grayson and Jason Todd, Blake is an orphan who suffered the loss of both his parents at a young age. Also like Grayson, Blake joined the GCPD, eventually being promoted to detective. Much like Todd, he is an angry young man who first met Bruce Wayne near the latter's car. And like Tim Drake, he discovers that Bruce Wayne is Batman on his own.

text: Blake is an orphan whose mother was killed in a car crash and whose father was murdered in a gambling related dispute when Blake was still a child. He was raised in St. Swithin's, an orphanage sponsored by the Wayne Foundation. He also develops a great admiration towards Batman. During his time there, he learned to hide his anger over his parents' death. When Bruce Wayne visited the orphanage, Blake noticed similar qualities between himself and Bruce, and single-handedly deduced that Bruce is Batman. When he was old enough, he became a police officer, and eventually befriends Batman's ally Commissioner James Gordon.

text: After the discovery of Bane, Blake confronts Bruce and attempts to convince him to return as Batman. When Bane publicly declares himself, Blake takes Gordon into hiding and arrests Selina Kyle to question her about Bruce's disappearance. He also shows his repulsion towards Gordon and Batman covering up the crimes of Harvey Dent. Blake joins Gordon and the other cops in a revolt against Bane's rule, but is caught and nearly executed. He's rescued by Batman, who tells him to evacuate the city. This attempt fails when external officers blow up the only bridge leading away from Gotham out of fear, since Bane had threatened earlier to have the bomb detonated (by a random citizen, later revealed to be Talia al Ghul, masquerading as Miranda Tate) if anyone tried to leave Gotham.

text: After Batman apparently sacrifices himself to save the city, Blake quits the GCPD, disgusted that the mainland police were willing to let Gotham perish. He attends Bruce's funeral with Gordon, Alfred Pennyworth and Lucius Fox. He later attends the reading of Bruce's will, and is pleasantly surprised to discover that Wayne Manor will become a home for the city's at-risk orphans, named in honor of Thomas and Martha Wayne. When he gives the name "Blake, John" to a clerk holding a package that Bruce had left him, he is told there is nothing there for him. He hands over an ID and suggests they try his legal name, which is revealed to be Robin. The clerk gives him GPS coordinates and spelunking gear, before she tells him that he should use the name "Robin" more often. At the end of the film, Blake follows the coordinates, and finds the Batcave.

text: Gordon-Levitt has stated that the ending of The Dark Knight Rises is not a set up for a spin-off film and is the true conclusion of Christopher Nolan's Batman series.[11]

text: DC Extended Universe[edit]

text: Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice[edit]

text: Jason Todd is confirmed to exist and currently deceased in the DC Extended Universe, with his suit covered in Joker graffiti making its first appearance in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[12] Director Zack Snyder later confirmed Robin was killed ten years before the movie by a younger Joker, and the scene illustrated the sacrifices Bruce Wayne endured to be the vigilante and his willingness to face his past mistakes.[13] Snyder later claimed that the Robin that was killed by the Joker was actually Dick Grayson, though that may not be canon anymore. [14]

text: Suicide Squad[edit]

text: In Suicide Squad, it is revealed Harley Quinn was an accomplice to Robin's murder, something that wasn't present in the "A Death in the Family" (1988) storyline as Quinn was not yet created. Director David Ayer later clarified that the Joker was indeed the person who killed Robin.[15]

text: Nightwing[edit]

text: In 2017, a Nightwing film was confirmed to be in development. Dick Grayson/Nightwing is confirmed to exist in the DCEU.

text: Animation[edit]

text: Justice League: The New Frontier[edit]

text: Robin (apparently Dick Grayson) was featured in the DC DTV movie Justice League: New Frontier, where he was adopted, as a teenager (not a child, as in most interpretations), during the events of the movie. Batman did so because he realized that he was frightening those he was trying to protect. The circumstances of his adoption are not explained. He was voiced by Shane Haboucha.

text: Batman: Under the Red Hood[edit]

text: In the DC Universe Animated Original Movie Batman: Under the Red Hood, an adaptation of the bestselling Batman storyline "Under the Hood" from Batman #635-650 and Batman Annual #25, Neil Patrick Harris voices Dick Grayson/Nightwing while Jensen Ackles portrays Jason Todd/Red Hood. Vincent Martella and his younger brother Alexander Martella each provide the voice of the young Jason Todd in different ages as Robin in a flashback in the beginning of the film.

text: Batman: The Dark Knight Returns[edit]

text: Carrie Kelly appears as Robin in the two-part animated film Batman: The Dark Knight Returns, voiced by Ariel Winter. Being a fan of Batman, Carrie took the mantle of Robin herself when the Mutant crime organization had been wreaking havoc on Gotham. Batman comes to see her as a suitable Robin, training her and using her to gather intel. She helps him with leading the former Mutant's group Sons of Batman into learning his less violent ways, when Gotham needed martial law enforced. When Batman is called out to a duel with Superman after refusing to go back into retirement, Carrie helps Bruce fake his death. She, along with Oliver Queen (Green Arrow) and Bruce train the Sons of Batman group to begin taking on his job.

text: JLA Adventures: Trapped in Time[edit]

text: Jack DeSena voices Robin in the  Target exclusive 2014 direct-to-video animated feature JLA Adventures: Trapped in Time.

text: DC Animated Movie Universe[edit]

text: In 2013, Justice League: War was released, the first of a series of films that shared the same continuity, known as the DC Animated Movie Universe. Damian Wayne and Dick Grayson appear in several of these films, Damian/Robin being voiced by Stuart Allan while Sean Maher voices Dick/Nightwing.

text: Son of Batman[edit]

text: Son of Batman, an adaptation of Grant Morrison' Batman storyline "Batman and Son", was the first time Damian Wayne had appeared in a DC-related film.

text: Batman vs. Robin[edit]

text: In Batman vs. Robin, Damian comes into contact with the Court of Owls, being tempted to leave Batman and join him. Throughout the film, Batman and Robin fight over Damian's rawness and his lack of discipline, leading to Damian almost joining the court before Talon (voiced by Jeremy Sisto), an assassin for the Court, is ordered to kill him when the leader discovers his secret identity. After Talon massacres the entire court, he and Robin clash in the Batcave before Talon commits suicide. Afterwards, Damian leaves for a monastery in the Himalayas.

text: Batman: Bad Blood[edit]

text: Damian returns in Batman: Bad Blood, teaming up with Dick Grayson to investigate his father's disappearance. The Heretic (voiced by Travis Willingham), makes his first film appearance, as an artificially-aged clone of Damian like in the comics. Heretic attempts to absorb Damian's mind into his so he will know what it feels like to be loved, but Talia al Ghul executes him for his treachery and punishment, much to Damian's horror.

text: Justice League vs. Teen Titans[edit]

text: In Justice League vs. Teen Titans, Batman decides to have Robin join the Teen Titans to teach him about teamwork and has Nightwing drop him off at Titans Tower. Damian ends up warming up to the team after being initially hostile towards them, forming a particular friendship with Raven.

text: Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders[edit]

text: Ward reprised his role as Dick Grayson/Robin in the animated movie Batman: Return of the Caped Crusaders and its sequel Batman vs. Two-Face.[16]

text: The Lego Batman Movie[edit]

text: Michael Cera voices Dick Grayson in The Lego Movie spin-off The Lego Batman Movie. This version was adopted by Batman as a teenager and his Robin outfit is actually a modified Reggae outfit for Batman with the pants taken off. He has large, green glasses similar to the Carrie Kelley version. During the climax, he briefly dons a Batman armor labeled "Nightwing" when attempting to save Barbara and Alfred.[17]

text: Batman Ninja[edit]

text: Feudal Japan versions of both Robin and Red Robin will appear in the anime film Batman Ninja.

text: Video games[edit]

text: Lego Batman[edit]

text: Robin (Tim Drake) is a playable character in Lego Batman: The Videogame, Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes, and Lego Batman 3: Beyond Gotham. Charlie Schlatter voices Robin in the second and third titles. The Robin from the Lego Batman series appears in Lego Dimensions, voiced by Scott Menville. He is kidnapped early in the game's narrative, forcing Batman to find and rescue him. The game also features the Lego Batman Movie version of Robin as a playable character, with bonus story chapters adapting his role in the events of the film; using this Robin in the Teen Titans Go! world transforms him into the version of the character from that series, reprised by Scott Menville.

text: Batman: Arkham[edit]

text: In Batman: Arkham City, the Tim Drake version of Robin, voiced by Troy Baker, appears briefly during the story and is fully playable during the Harley Quinn's Revenge DLC. Both Robin and Dick Grayson as Nightwing are playable in the game's challenge maps.[18] Dick Grayson appears as Robin in Batman: Arkham Origins' multiplayer mode, voiced by Josh Keaton, with the ability to unlock Tim Drake's costume from Arkham City.[19] In Batman: Arkham Knight, Tim Drake returns as Robin (voiced by Matthew Mercer)[20] and Dick Grayson returns as Nightwing (voiced by Scott Porter), while Jason Todd (voiced by Troy Baker) makes his debut as a new persona called the Arkham Knight, eventually transitioning into Red Hood.

text: Injustice[edit]

text: Dick Grayson as Nightwing appears in Injustice: Gods Among Us, voiced by Troy Baker. Damian Wayne, voiced by Neal McDonough, appears as a villainous version of Nightwing in the same game. Damian in his Robin and Nightwing personas later appeared as a playable character in the game's sequel, Injustice 2, voiced by Scott Porter.[21] Jason Todd as the Red Hood, voiced by Cameron Bowen, appears as a playable character in the game via downloadable content.

text: Other games[edit]

text: The Teen Titans animated series version of Robin is a playable character in both the Game Boy Advance game and the console game adaptations; Scott Menville reprises his role from the TV series. Robin also appears as a playable character in video game adaptations of The Adventures of Batman and Robin and the films Batman Forever and Batman & Robin.

text: Toys[edit]

text: Lego produced a Lego Batman line of licensed sets in 2006, and a second Lego Super Heroes line in 2012. The 7783-The Batcave: The Penguin and Mr. Freeze's Invasion set features Robin in the classic costume with a mini speedboat, as well as the 2012 version 6860-The Batcave which features Robin in a red and black costume. 7785-Arkham Asylum includes Nightwing and his motorcycle as well. Set 6857-The Dynamic Duo Funhouse Escape also features the newer red and black Robin figure. It is unclear whether this Robin is reflective of the Dick Grayson Robin, because of the costume's color scheme, or the Tim Drake Robin, since Nightwing is also featured in the Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes videogame, although it has been stated on Lego.com that it is the Tim Drake incarnation. Lego has also announced a new Robin minifigure (also Tim Drake), released in the 2013 Superhero sets which has the appearance of Robin from Batman: Arkham City.[citation needed] In 2014, the Damian Wayne incarnation was released in a new set.

text: Radio[edit]

text: The Batman Mystery Club[edit]

text: Batman's radio series with Robin, The Batman Mystery Club, in which Batman told ghost stories, never aired. One episode was made: "The Monster of Dumphrey's Hall".[citation needed]

text: Adventures of Superman[edit]

text: During radio broadcasts of The Adventures of Superman radio drama Batman and Robin were paired with Superman over the years from September 15, 1945 to 1949. The pairing was pure novelty. The Batman and Robin appearances provided time off for Bud Collyer, the voice of Superman on radio. These episodes called for Superman to be occupied elsewhere and the crime fighting would be handled by Batman and Robin. On that series the voice of Robin was played by Ronald Liss.

text: Poetry[edit]

text: The British poet Simon Armitage wrote the poem Kid about Robin. The poem portrays Robin having been dismissed by Batman and found a new lifestyle.[22]