document_title: List of wars by death toll

question_text: total number of deaths in the civil war

question_tokens: total number of deaths in the civil war

text: List of wars by death toll

text: List of wars with greater than 20,000 deaths by death toll

text:
War
Death
range
Geometric
mean
Date
Location
Notes

World War II
15,843,000–85,000,000
36,696,798
1939–1945
Worldwide
[1]

Mongol conquests
30,000,000–40,000,000
34,641,016
1206–1368
Eurasia
[2][3][4] – Excludes the (up to) 200,000,000 deaths from the Black Death migration that arguably may have been associated with the Mongol expansion

Qing conquest of the Ming
25,000,000+
25,000,000
1616–1662
China
[5] – Also known as the Ming–Qing transition

Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
24,300,000+
24,300,000
1519–1632
Mexico
[6] – Part of the European colonization of the Americas

Taiping Rebellion
5,000,000–100,000,000
22,360,680
1850–1864
China
[7][8][9] – Also known as the Taiping Civil War

Second Sino-Japanese War
20,000,000–25,000,000
22,360,680
1937–1945
China
[10] – Part of World War II

An Lushan Rebellion
13,000,000–36,000,000
21,633,308
755–763
China / Vietnam
[11] – Also known as the An–Shi Rebellion

Germanic Wars
15,450,000+
15,450,000
113–596
Europe
Number given is lowest estimate of all deaths recorded in conflicts between Roman and Germanic peoples in this time period, due to a lack of recording of deaths actual number caused by these conflicts is likely much greater.

World War I
8,545,800-21,000,000
13,396,335
1914–1918
Worldwide
[1] – Also known as the Great War

Conquests of Timur
8,000,000–20,000,000
12,649,111
1370–1405
Eurasia
[12][13]

Dungan Revolt
8,000,000–12,000,000
9,797,959
1862–1877
China
– Also known as the Tongzhi Hui Revolt

Chinese Civil War
8,000,000–7007116920000000000♠11,692,000
9,671,401
1927–1949
China
[14]

Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
8,400,000+
8,400,000
1533–1572
Peru
[6] – Part of the European colonization of the Americas

Reconquista
7,000,000+
7,000,000
711–1492
Iberian Peninsula
[15]

Russian Civil War
5,000,000–9,000,000
6,708,204
1917–1922
Russia
[16]

Thirty Years' War
3,000,000–11,500,000
5,873,670
1618–1648
Europe
[17]

Ottoman wars in Europe
5,500,000+
5,500,000
1821–1921
Eastern Europe
Justin McCarthy claims that 5.5 million Ottoman Muslims were killed by various Christian oppressors in the last century of the Ottoman Empire.

Moorish Wars
5,000,000+
5,000,000
534–548
North Africa

Napoleonic Wars
3,500,000–7,000,000
4,949,747
1803–1815
Worldwide
See: Napoleonic Wars casualties

Mughal–Maratha Wars
4,600,000+
4,600,000
1658-1707
India
[18][19]

Yellow Turban Rebellion
3,000,000–7,000,000
4,582,576
184–205
China
– Part of Three Kingdoms War

Second Congo War
2,500,000–5,400,000
3,674,235
1998–2003
Central Africa
[20][21][22][23] – Also known as the Great War of Africa

French Wars of Religion
2,000,000–4,000,000
2,828,427
1562–1598
France
[24] – Also known as the Huguenot Wars

Indian Rebellion of 1857
800,000–10,000,000
2,828,427
1857–1858
India
[25] – Also known as the Sepoy Mutiny or the Indian First War of Independence

Hundred Years' War
2,300,000–3,300,000
2,794,995
1337–1453
Western Europe
[26]

Vietnam War
800,000–3,800,000
1,743,560
1955–1975
Vietnam
[27][28][29] – Also known as the Second Indochina War

Crusades
1,000,000–3,000,000
1,732,051
1095–1291
Europe / Middle East ("Holy Land")
[30]

Mfecane
1,500,000–2,000,000
1,732,051
1815–1840
Southern Africa
[31]

Nigerian Civil War
1,000,000-3,000,000
1,732,051
1967–1970
Nigeria
– Also known as the Biafran War

War in Afghanistan
1,240,000–2,000,000
1,620,000
1978–present
Afghanistan
[32]

Punic Wars
1,250,000–1,850,000
1,520,691
264 BC–146 BC
Western Europe / North Africa

Spanish conquest of Yucatán
1,460,000+
1,460,000
1519–1595
North America
[6] – Part of the European colonisation of the Americas

Second Sudanese Civil War
1,000,000–2,000,000
1,414,214
1983–2005
Sudan

Warring States Period
1,200,000–1,500,000
1,341,642
475 BC–221 BC
China

Korean War
1,200,000+
1,200,000
1950–1953
Korea
[33]

Seven Years' War
868,000–1,400,000
1,102,361
1756–1763
Worldwide
[34][35]

Soviet-Afghan War
600,000–2,000,000
1,095,445
1979–1989
Afghanistan
[36][37][38] – Part of War in Afghanistan

Japanese invasions of Korea
1,000,000+
1,000,000
1592–1598
Korea
[39]

Mexican Revolution
500,000–2,000,000
1,000,000
1910–1920
Mexico
[40]

Panthay Rebellion
890,000–1,000,000
943,398
1856–1873
China
– Also known as the Du Wenxiu Rebellion

Wars of the Three Kingdoms
876,000+
876,000
1639–1651
British Isles
[41][42][43] – Also known as the British Civil Wars

Conquests of Mehmed II 'the Conqueror'
873,000+
873,000
1451–1481
Eastern Europe
[44] May be over or underestimated

Ethiopian Civil War
500,000–1,500,000
866,025
1974–1991
Ethiopia

Jewish–Roman Wars
350,000–2,000,000
836,660
66–136
Europe / Middle East

American Civil War
650,000–1,000,000
800,000
1861–1865
USA
[45][46][47]

Second Punic War
770,000+
770,000
218 BC–201 BC
Western Europe / North Africa
[48] – Part of the Punic Wars

Algerian War
350,000-1,500,000
724,569
1954–1962
Algeria
[49] – Also known as the Algerian War of Independence

War of the Spanish Succession
400,000–1,251,000
707,389
1701–1714
Europe / Americas
[1]

Spanish Civil War
500,000–1,000,000
707,107
1936–1939
Spain
[50]

Qin's Wars of Unification
700,000+
700,000
230 BC–221 BC
China
– Part of Warring States Period

Eighty Years' War
600,000–700,000
648,074
1568–1648
Worldwide
[6] – Also known as the Dutch War of Independence

Gallic Wars
400,000–1,000,000
632,445
58 BC–50 BC
France

First Jewish–Roman War
270,000–1,358,400
605,614
66–73
Middle East
– Part of Jewish–Roman Wars

Spanish American Wars of Independence
600,000+
600,000
1808–1833
Americas
[51]

Paraguayan War
300,000–1,200,000
600,000
1864–1870
South America
[52] – Also known as the War of the Triple Alliance

War on Terror
272,000–1,260,000
585,023
2001–present
Worldwide
[53][54][55][56] – Also known as the Global War on Terrorism

Iran-Iraq War
289,220–1,100,000
564,041
1980–1988
Middle East

French invasion of Russia
540,000+
540,000
1812
Russia
[1] – Part of the Napoleonic Wars

Cimbrian War
410,000–650,000
516,236
113 BC–101 BC
Western Europe
– Part of the Germanic Wars

English Civil War
356,000–735,000
511,527
1642–1651
England
[57] – Part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms

Angolan Civil War
504,158+
504,158
1975–2002
Angola

First Sudanese Civil War
500,000+
500,000
1955–1972
Sudan

Bar Kokhba Revolt
400,000–580,000
481,664
132–136
Middle East
– Also known as the Third Jewish–Roman War
– Part of Jewish–Roman Wars

Syrian Civil War
470,000+
470,000
2011–present
Syria
See: Casualties of the Syrian civil war

Albigensian Crusade
200,000–1,000,000
447,214
1208–1229
France
[58][59] – Also known as the Cathar Crusade
– Part of the Crusades

First Congo War
250,000–800,000
447,214
1996–1997
Congo

Iraq War
176,913–1,120,000
445,132
2003–2011
Iraq
[55][56][60] – Also known as the Second Gulf War
– Part of the War on Terror See: Casualties of the Iraq War

Kitos War
440,000+
440,000
115–117
Southern Europe / North Africa
– Also known as the Second Jewish–Roman War
– Part of Jewish–Roman Wars

First Indochina War
400,000+
400,000
1946–1954
Southeast Asia
– Also known as the Indochina War

Maratha expeditions in Bengal
400,000+
400,000
1741–1751
India
[61][62]

Probus's German War
400,000+
400,000
277
Europe
Emperor Probus informed the Senate that he had killed 400,000 Germans. From the Historia Augusta. – Part of the Germanic Wars

Continuation War
387,333+
387,333
1941–1944
Northern Europe
– Part of World War II

Somali Civil War
300,000–500,000
387,298
1986–present
Somalia
[63][64][65]

Crimean War
356,000–410,000
382,047
1853–1856
Crimean Peninsula

Cuban War of Independence
362,000+
362,000
1895–1898
Cuba
[50]

Great Northern War
350,000+
350,000
1700–1721
Eastern Europe
Sweden, the Swedish Baltic provinces, and Finland, together, with a population of only 2.5 million, lost some 350,000 dead during the war from all causes.[66]

Italian Wars
300,000–400,000
346,410
1494–1559
Southern Europe
[6] – Also known as the Great Wars of Italy

Gothic War (269)
320,000+
320,000
269
Europe
Claudius II defeated the Goths, of whom 320,000 were slain. This number is from the Historia Augusta. – Part of the Germanic Wars

French conquest of Algeria
300,000+
300,000
1829–1847
Algeria
Including 15,000 French[67]

Burundian Civil War
300,000+
300,000
1993–2005
Burundi
[68]

Bangladesh Liberation War
26,000–3,000,000
279,285
1971
Bangladesh
[69] – Also known as the Bangladesh War of Independence

Second Italo-Ethiopian War
278,350+
278,350
1935–1936
Ethiopia
According to Italian government statistics, the Italians suffered 1,148 KIA, 125 DOW, and 31 MIA.[70] According to the Ethiopian government, at least 275,000 Ethiopians died in the brief war.[70][71] – Also known as the Second Italo–Abyssinian War

War in Darfur
178,258–461,520
268,961
2003–present
Sudan
[72]

West Papua conflict
150,000-400,000
266,017
1963–present
New Guinea

Ten Years' War
241,000+
241,000
1868–1878
Cuba
[50] – Also known as the Great War

Philippine–American War
234,000+
234,000
1899–1912
Philippines
[73] – Also known as the Philippine War

Venezuelan War of Independence
228,000+
228,000
1810–1823
Venezuela
– Part of Spanish American Wars of Independence

Ugandan Bush War
100,000–500,000
223,607
1981–1986
Uganda
[74][75] – Also known as the Luwero War

Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
100,000–500,000
223,607
1987–present
Central Africa
[76][77]

Colombian conflict
220,000+
220,000
1964–present
Colombia
[78]

Franco-Dutch War
220,000+
220,000
1672–1678
Western Europe
[1] – Also known as the Dutch War

Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
138,800–320,100
210,784
1918–2003
Iraq
[79][80]

Franco-Spanish War (1635–59)
200,000+
200,000
1635–1659
Western Europe
[1][50]

Campaigns of Suleiman the Magnificent
200,000+
200,000
1521–1566
Eastern Europe / Middle East / North Africa
[1]

Carlist Wars
200,000+
200,000
1820–1876
Spain
[51]

La Violencia
192,700–194,700
195,036
1948–1958
Colombia

Third Punic War
150,000–250,000
193,649
149 BC–146 BC
Tunisia
– Part of the Punic Wars

Winter War
153,736–194,837
185,659
1939–1940
Finland
– Part of World War II

First Punic War
185,000+
185,000
264 BC–241 BC
Southern Europe / North Africa
– Part of the Punic Wars

Internal conflict in Myanmar
130,000–250,000
180,278
1948–present
Myanmar
[81]

Kalinga War
150,000–200,000
173,205
262 BC–261 BC
India

Hunnic Invasions
165,000+
165,000
395–453
Europe
Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by Roman writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater.

Greek Civil War
158,000+
158,000
1946– 1949
Greece
[82][83][84][85]

Wars of the Sixteen Kingdoms
150,000+
150,000
304–439
Northern China
Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded in this time period in battles between armies of the Sixteen Kingdoms, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater.

Wars of Alexander the Great
142,000+
142,000
336 BC–323 BC
Middle East / North Africa / Central Asia / India
Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle during these wars recorded by Greek writers, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater.

North Yemen Civil War
100,000–200,000
141,421
1962–1970
Yemen
[86]

1991 Iraqi coup d'état attempt
85,000–235,000
141,333
1991
Iraq
[87][88][89] – Also known as the Sha'aban Intifada

Balkan Wars
140,000+
140,000
1912–1913
Balkan Peninsula
[1]

Saint-Domingue expedition
135,000+
135,000
1802–1803
Haiti
[50]

Lebanese Civil War
120,000–150,000
134,164
1975–1990
Lebanon

Arab–Byzantine Wars
130,000+
130,000
629–1050
Middle East / North Africa / Southern Europe
Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater.

Sierra Leone Civil War
50,000-300,000
122,474
1991-2002
Sierra Leone

Thousand Days' War
120,000+
120,000
1899–1902
Colombia
[90]

Moro Conflict
120,000+
120,000
1969–present
Philippines
[91]

Great Turkish War
120,000+
120,000
1683–1699
Eastern Europe
[1] – Also known as the War of the Holy League

Arab–Israeli conflict
116,074+
116,074
1948–present
Middle East
[92]

Mexican Drug War
106,800+
106,800
2006–present
Mexico
[93][94] – Also known as the Mexican War on Drugs

Aceh War
97,000–107,000
101,877
1873–1914
Indonesia
[95] – Also known as the Infidel War

Bosnian War
97,214–104,732
100,903
1991–1995
Bosnia

Conquests of Cyrus the Great
100,000+
100,000
549 BC– 530 BC
Middle East
Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater.

German Peasants' War
100,000+
100,000
1524–1525
Germany
[96] – Also known as the Great Peasants War

Kurdish rebellions in Turkey
100,000+
100,000
1921–present
Middle East

Congo Crisis
100,000+
100,000
1960–1965
Congo
[97]

Insurgency in Laos
100,000+
100,000
1975–2007
Laos
[98]

Kivu Conflict
100,000+
100,000
2004–present
Congo
– Part of the Second Congo War

Kashmir Conflict
80,000–110,000
93,808
1947– present
North India / Pakistan

Algerian Civil War
44,000–200,000
93,808
1991–2002
Algeria
[99][100]

Angolan War of Independence
82,991–102,991
92,452
1961–1974
Angola

Roman Conquest of Britain
90,000+
90,000
43–96
Great Britain
Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by Roman writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater.

Mahdist War
90,969+
90,969
1881–1889
Northwest Africa
– Also known as the Sudan Campaign

Goryeo–Khitan Wars
90,000+
90,000
993–1019
Korea
[101]

Rif War
90,000+
90,000
1916–1927
Morocco

Sri Lankan Civil War
80,000–100,000
89,443
1983–2009
Sri Lanka
[102]

Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
88,285+
88,285
1585–1604
Europe / Americas
[50]

Indian annexation of Hyderabad
29,212–242,212
84,116
1948
India
– Also known as Operation Polo

Iceni Revolt
80,000+
80,000
60–61
England
Year is uncertain – Part of Roman Conquest of Britain

Wars of Scottish Independence
60,000-150,000
77,459
1296–1357
Scotland / England

Iraqi Civil War (2014–present)
75,000+
75,000
2014–present
Iraq

Mozambican War of Independence
63,500–88,500
74,965
1964–1974
Mozambique
[103]

Greco–Persian Wars
73,800+
73,800
499 BC–449 BC
Greece

Sino-Burmese War (1765–69)
70,000+
70,000
1765–1769
Southeast Asia
– Also known as the Qing invasions of Burma

Internal conflict in Peru
70,000+
70,000
1980–present
Peru
[104]

French campaign in Egypt and Syria
65,000+
65,000
1798–1801
Middle East / North Africa
[1]

War in North-West Pakistan
45,852–78,946
60,158
2004–present
Pakistan
[60] – Also known as the War in Waziristan
– Part of the War on Terror and War in Afghanistan (2001–present)

Ituri conflict
60,000+
60,000
1999–2003
Congo
[105] – Part of the Second Congo War

Soviet–Japanese War (1945)
33,420–95,768
56,574
1945
Manchuria
– Part of World War II

War in Afghanistan (2001–present)
47,246–61,603
53,949
2001–present
Afghanistan
[60] – Part of the War on Terror and War in Afghanistan

Boko Haram insurgency
51,567+
51,567
2009–present
Nigeria
2,400,000 internally displaced

French intervention in Mexico
49,287+
49,287
1862–1867
Mexico
[50]

First Sino–Japanese War
48,311+
48,311
1894–1895
East Asia

Kurdish–Turkish conflict
45,000+
45,000
1978–present
Middle East
[106] – Part of the Kurdish rebellions in Turkey

Wars of the Roses
35,000–50,000
41,833
1455–1487
England / Wales
[107][108]

American Revolutionary War
10,435–159,000
40,733
1775–1783
Worldwide
[1][109] [110] [111] [112] – Also known as the American War of Independence

Gothic War (376–382)
40,000+
40,000
376–382
Eastern Europe
– Part of the Germanic Wars

Second Italo-Senussi War
40,000+
40,000
1923–1932
Libya

Nagorno-Karabakh War
38,000+
38,000
1988–1994
Caucasus region
– Also known as the Artsakh Liberation War

CPP-NPA-NDF rebellion
30,000–43,000
35,917
1969–present
Philippines
[113]

Ethnic conflict in Nagaland
34,000+
34,000
1954–present
Northeast India
[114]

Samnite Wars
33,500+
33,500
343 BC–290 BC
Italy
Number given is the sum of all deaths in battle recorded by Roman writers during this time period, does not take into account civilian deaths, the actual number may be much greater.

Conquest of the Desert
30,000–35,000
32,404
1870s–1884
Patagonia

Gulf War
25,456–40,456
32,100
1990–1991
Iraq
– Also known as the First Iraq War

Greco-Italian War
27,080+
27,080
1940–1941
Southeast Europe
– Part of World War II

Insurgency in Northeast India
25,000+
25,000
1964–present
Northeast India
[81]

Houthi insurgency in Yemen
25,000+
25,000
2004–present
Yemen
[115] – Also known as the Sa'dah War

Irish Rebellion of 1798
11,500–53,000
24,688
1798
Ireland

Dominican Restoration War
22,000+
22,000
1863–1865
Dominican Republic
One estimate placed total Spanish deaths from all causes at 18,000. The fatal losses among the Dominican insurgents were estimated at 4,000.[50]

Kurdish separatism in Iran
13,100–34,000
21,105
1918–present
Iran
[116]

Six-Day War
21,000+
21,000
1967
Middle East
[1]

War of the Quadruple Alliance
20,000+
20,000
1718–1720
Europe / North America
[50]

Ragamuffin War
20,000+
20,000
1835–1845
Brazil
[117]

Italo-Turkish War
20,000+
20,000
1911–1912
Southern Europe / North Africa
[1]

text: List of modern wars with fewer than 20,000 deaths by death toll

text: Note that the below list is incomplete.

text:
19,619+ – Rhodesian Bush War (1964-1979)
19,000+ – Mexican–American War (1846–1848)[1]
18,069–20,069 – First Opium War (1839–1842)[118]
17,294+ – 1940–44 insurgency in Chechnya (1940-1944)[citation needed]
17,200+ – First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842)[119]
16,765–17,065 – Balochistan conflict (1948–present)[120][121][122]
16,752–21,426 – Croatian War of Independence (1991–1995)[citation needed]
16,000+ – War of the Pacific (1879–1883)
16,000+ – Nepalese Civil War (1996–2006)
16,000+ – Spanish–American War (1898)[1]
15,200–15,300 – Peasants' War (1798) (1798)
15,000+ – Nigerian Sharia conflict (1953–present)[123][124][125]
14,460–14,922 South African Border War (1966-1990)
14,077–22,077 Mau Mau Uprising (1952-1960)
13,929+ – Republic of the Congo Civil War (1997-99) (1997–1999)[126]
13,812+ – Naxalite-Maoist insurgency (1967–present)[127][128]
11,500–53,000 – Irish Rebellion of 1798 (1798)
11,500–12,843 – Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 (1971) – Part of the Bangladesh Liberation War
10,000+ – Malayan Emergency (1948–1960)[129]
10,000+ – War in Donbass (2014–present)[130]
10,000+ - Rwandan Civil War (1990-1993)
10,000+ – First Italo-Ethiopian War (1895–1896)[1]
10,000+ – Second Melillan campaign (1909–1910)[1]
10,000+ – Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60) (1859–1860)[1]
10,000+ – Spanish conquest of Tripoli (1510)[131]
9,400+ – Libyan Civil War (2011) (2011)[132]
8,136+ – Iraqi insurgency (post-U.S. withdrawal) (2011–2014)[133]
8,000+ – 1948 Palestine war (1948–1949)[1] – Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict
7,500–21,741 – War of 1812 (1812–1815)[1][134]
7,400–16,200 – Yemeni Civil War (2015–present) (2015–present)
7,104+ – Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 (1947–1949)
7,000+ – Chadian Civil War (2005–10) (2005–2010)[135]
6,800–13,459 – Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 (1965)
6,543+ – South Thailand insurgency (2004–present)[136]
6,295+ – Central African Republic conflict (2012–present)
5,641+ – Sudanese nomadic conflicts (2009–present)[137][138]
5,100+ – Gaza–Israel conflict (2006–present) – Part of the Arab–Israeli conflict
5,000+ – Casamance conflict (1982–2014)[139]
5,000+ – Chilean Civil War of 1891 (1891)[140]
4,715+ – Libyan Civil War (2014–present) (2014–present)
4,000–10,000 – Conflict in the Niger Delta (2004–present)[141]
3,699+ – Al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen (1992–present)[142]
3,529+ – The Northern Ireland Troubles (1966–1998)[143]
3,366+ – Insurgency in the North Caucasus (2009–2017)[144]
3,222–3,722 – Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (1956)
3,144+ – Allied Democratic Forces insurgency (1996–present)
3,114+ – 1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine (1947–1948) – Part of the 1948 Palestine war
3,007+ – War of the Golden Stool (1900)[citation needed]
3,000–6,000 – Negro Rebellion (1912)[145][146]
3,000+ – Second Ivorian Civil War (2010–2011)[147]
3,000+ – Banana Wars (1914–1933)[7]
2,944+ – Insurgency in the Maghreb (2004–present)
2,800+ – Northern Mali conflict (2012–present)
2,781+ – Iranian Revolution (1978–1979)[148]
2,751+ – Third Anglo-Afghan War (1919)[149]
2,557+ – Sudan internal conflict (2011–present) (2011–present)[150][151][152]
2,394+ – Sinai insurgency (2011–present)[153]
2,300+ – Conflict in the Niger Delta (2003–present) [154][155]
2,221–2,406 – 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict (2014) – Part of the Gaza–Israel conflict
2,150+ – Persian Expedition of 1796 (1796)
2,096+ – Aden Emergency (1963-1967)
2,054+ – South Yemen insurgency (2009–2015)
2,000+ – Mexican War of Independence (1810–1821)
2,000+ – Costa Rican Civil War (1948)[citation needed]
2,000+ – Six-Day War (2000) (2000)[156]
2,000+ – 2010 South Kyrgyzstan ethnic clashes (2010)[157][158][159]
1,810+ – Anglo-Iraqi War (1941) – Part of World War II
1,774+ – Lapland War (1944-1945) – Part of World War II
1,643–2,237 – War of Transnistria (1992)[160][161][162][163]
1,449+ – M23 rebellion (2012-2013) – Part of the Kivu Conflict
1,300+ – Allied Democratic Forces insurgency (1996–present)[164]
1,295+ – Siachen conflict (1984–present)
1,229+ – Basque conflict (1959–2011)[165]
1,227–5,600 – Kargil War (1999)[166][167][168][169]
1,119+ – Post-coup unrest in Egypt (2013–2014) (2013–2014)[170]
1,043+ – Burundian unrest (2015–present)
1,000–1,500 – Cabinda conflict (1994–present)[171]
1,000+ – Djiboutian Civil War (1991–1994)
1,000+ – 1991–92 South Ossetia War (1991–1992)[172]
1,000+ – Xinjiang conflict (1960–present)
1,000+ – Chincha Islands War (1864–1866)[1]
907 – Falklands War (1982)[173]
898 – Barbary Wars (1801–1815)
846 – 2011 Egyptian revolution (2011)[174]
820 – Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon (2011–2017)[citation needed] – Part of the Syrian Civil War
808 – Sino-Russian border conflicts (1652-1689)
803-1303 - Conflict in Najran, Jizan and Asir (2015-present) – Part of the Yemeni Civil War (2015-present)
789–1,874 – 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff (2001–2002)
771 – Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) (2013–present)
740 – Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation (1963–1966)[175][176]
722 – Kamwina Nsapu rebellion (2016–present)
700–800 – Anglo-Aro War (1901-1902)[citation needed]
659–2,496 – Russia–Georgia war (2008)[177][178][179][180][181]
643–1,500 – Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile (2011–present)[152][151]
547 – Cyprus crisis (1955–64) (1955–1964)
542 – East Prigorodny Conflict (1992)[citation needed]
422 – Franco-Thai War (1940–1941)[citation needed]
339 – Turkey–ISIL conflict (2015–present)[citation needed]
327 – RENAMO insurgency (2013–present)
275–569 – Second Afar insurgency (1995–present) Part of the Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict
236 – Batwa-Luba clashes (2013–present)
206–345 – Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–present)[citation needed]
200 – 1935 Yazidi revolt (1935)[citation needed]
174–194 – United States occupation of Veracruz (1914)[182]
159 – ISIL insurgency in Tunisia (2015–present)[citation needed]
158 – Dissident Irish Republican campaign (1998–present)[citation needed]
126 – 2016 Kasese clashes (2016)[183][184]
115 – The Pool War (2016–present)
102-227 – India–Pakistan military confrontation (2016–present) (2016–present)
95 – 2013 Guinea clashes (2013)[185]
84–134 – Lahad Datu standoff (2013)[186][187]
82 – Quasi-War (1798-1800)
82 – North-West Rebellion (1885) [188]
71 – Paraguayan People's Army insurgency (2005–present)[citation needed]
63 – Ten-Day War (1991)
46 – Annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli (1954)
39-111 – India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015) (2014-2015)
37 – 2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2013)
36 – DHKP/C insurgency in Turkey (1990–present)[citation needed]
36 – 2016 Niger Delta conflict (2016–Present) [189] – Part of the Conflict in the Niger Delta
12–61 – 2017 Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmish (2017) – Part of the Afghanistan–Pakistan skirmishes
11–30 – 2008 Kufra conflict (2008)
8 – 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish (2011)

text: Charts and graphs


document_title: Solo: A Star Wars Story

question_text: when was solo a star wars story announced

root

text: Solo: A Star Wars Story

text: Premise[edit]

text: Described as a space western,[8] the film is centered on a young Han Solo and his adventures with his Wookiee partner Chewbacca, including their encounter with Lando Calrissian.[6][1]

tag: p

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Alden Ehrenreich as Han Solo, a cynical smuggler.[9][10] When asked how Solo differs from the Solo of latter Star Wars films, Ehrenreich stated "I think the main thing that's different is that the Han we meet in this film is more of an idealist. He has certain dreams that he follows, and we watch how it affects him as those dreams meet new realities – realities that are harder and more challenging than he'd expected."[11]
Woody Harrelson as Tobias Beckett, a criminal and Han's mentor.[12][13][14]
Emilia Clarke as Qi'ra.[15][16] Describing her character, Clarke said "She has a couple of guises, but essentially she is just fighting to stay alive. If you've got a really glamorous lady in a really sordid environment, you kind of know the glamor is hiding a few rough roads."[11] With regard to her character's relationship with Solo, Clarke offered that "They grew up as comrades, essentially. They grew up as pals, as partners in crime. There is obviously the romantic side of things. But they grew up together. So they were kids together."[17]
Donald Glover as Lando Calrissian, a smuggler on the rise in the galaxy's underworld.[18]
Thandie Newton as Val[6][14]
Phoebe Waller-Bridge as L3-37, Lando's droid companion.[19][14]
Joonas Suotamo as Chewbacca, Han's Wookiee sidekick and first mate.[6]
Paul Bettany as Dryden Vos, a crime lord.[14] Michael K. Williams had originally been cast,[20] but he was removed from the final film after being unable to return to set during the film's reshoots.[21] Bettany was cast in his place, with the character being reworked from a motion-capture alien to a human.[22]
Harley Durst as Moloch[23]

tag: ul

text: Additionally, screenwriter Jon Kasdan and first assistant director Toby Hefferman portray Tag Greenley and Bink Otauna, respectively, two characters that first appeared in the Star Wars comics published by Dark Horse Comics.[24] Ian Kenny,[25] Warwick Davis[26] and Clint Howard are also cast in undisclosed roles[27] while Jon Favreau will provide the voice for "a very cool and important alien character".[28]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Before selling Lucasfilm to Disney, George Lucas started development on a film about a young Han Solo. Lucas hired Star Wars original trilogy veteran script writer Lawrence Kasdan to write the script. However when Kasdan left to help finish the script for Star Wars: The Force Awakens, he left his son Jon Kasdan who had been unofficially helping him, in charge of finishing the script for Solo until his return.[29] In February 2013, Disney CEO Bob Iger confirmed the development of two Star Wars standalone films, each individually written by Lawrence Kasdan and Simon Kinberg.[30] Shortly after, it was reported that Disney was working on two films featuring Han Solo and Boba Fett.[31] Disney CFO Jay Rasulo described the standalone films as origin stories.[32] Kathleen Kennedy explained that the standalone films would not crossover with the films of the sequel trilogy, stating, "George [Lucas] was so clear as to how that works. The canon that he created was the Star Wars saga. Right now, Episode VII falls within that canon. The spin-off movies, or we may come up with some other way to call those films, they exist within that vast universe that he created. There is no attempt being made to carry characters (from the standalone films) in and out of the saga episodes. Consequently, from the creative standpoint, it's a roadmap that George made pretty clear."[33] In April 2015, Lucasfilm and Kennedy announced that the standalone films would be referred to as the Star Wars Anthology series.[34][35]

text: In July 2015, Lucasfilm announced that an Anthology film, focusing "on how [a] young Han Solo became the smuggler, thief, and scoundrel whom Luke Skywalker and Obi-Wan Kenobi first encountered in the cantina at Mos Eisley",[36] would be released on May 25, 2018. The project would be directed by Phil Lord and Christopher Miller from a script by Lawrence Kasdan and Jon Kasdan. Kennedy would serve as a producer on the film, with Lawrence Kasdan and Jason McGatlin executive producers;[1] Allison Shearmur and Simon Emanuel also produce.[6] The Han Solo project was separate from a film that was originally being developed by Josh Trank, which was pushed back to an unconfirmed date.[37] Solo's friend, the Wookiee, Chewbacca, would also appear in the film.[38][39] In May 2016, Lawrence Kasdan stated that filming would start in January 2017.[40]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In January 2016, a shortlist of actors was revealed for the role of young Han Solo, including Miles Teller, Ansel Elgort, Dave Franco, Jack Reynor, Scott Eastwood, Logan Lerman, Emory Cohen and Blake Jenner.[41] In March 2016, it was reported that Alden Ehrenreich, Reynor and Taron Egerton were on a shortlist of actors considered for the young Han Solo role.[42] In May 2016, Ehrenreich was reported to have been cast as the young Han Solo,[9] and was revealed in the role at Star Wars Celebration: Celebration Europe III two months later.[10] Miller called casting the role one of "the hardest casting challenges of all time" adding they "saw over 3,000 people for the part".[43]

text: By the following October, Tessa Thompson, Naomi Scott, Zoë Kravitz, Emilia Clarke, Kiersey Clemons, Jessica Henwick and Adria Arjona were being considered for the female lead,[44][45] while Donald Glover was being considered to play a young Lando Calrissian.[44] Glover was confirmed for Calrissian shortly after,[18] with Clarke cast as the female lead the following month.[46][45]

text: In early January 2017, Woody Harrelson was revealed to be in negotiations to portray Han Solo's mentor,[47] and was confirmed to be appearing in the film shortly after.[12] Christian Bale had previously been in discussions for the role.[48] A subsequent interview with Harrelson bolstered speculation that he may be specifically playing Star Wars Legends character Garris Shrike,[49][50] but Harrelson revealed the character's name as Beckett in March 2017.[13] In February 2017, Phoebe Waller-Bridge joined the cast in an undisclosed role, said to be "a CGI-driven performance" similar to Alan Tudyk in Rogue One as the droid K-2SO.[19] Additionally, it was reported that Thandie Newton was in negotiations to star in the film.[51] Waller-Bridge and Newton were confirmed as being cast by the end of February, alongside the announcement that Joonas Suotamo would appear as Chewbacca, reprising the role from Star Wars: The Force Awakens and Star Wars: The Last Jedi that he shared with original Chewbacca actor Peter Mayhew.[6] Michael K. Williams entered talks to join the film in early March 2017,[52] and was confirmed shortly after,[20] portraying a half-human, half-animal creature.[21] By the end of the month, Ian Kenny had joined the cast.[25] Warwick Davis was confirmed as part of the cast by the end of July 2017.[26]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began on January 30, 2017,[53] at Pinewood Studios,[43] under the working title Star Wars: Red Cup.[53] Lucasfilm announced that principal photography started on February 20, 2017.[6] Bradford Young serves as the cinematographer for the film.[54] In May 2017, filming moved to the Canary Islands, and Lucasfilm replaced editor Chris Dickens with Pietro Scalia. Lucasfilm also hired an acting coach for Ehrenreich, as they were unhappy with his performance up to that point.[7]

text: On June 20, 2017, citing "creative differences", Lucasfilm and Lord and Miller jointly announced their intent to part ways, with a new director "to be announced soon".[2][55] It was reported that the directors were fired after Kennedy and Kasdan disagreed with their shooting style;[3][56] Lord and Miller believed they were hired to make a comedy film, while Lucasfilm was looking for the duo to add "a comedic touch" to the space fantasy. Lucasfilm also felt that the directors were encouraging too much improvisation from the actors, which was believed to be "shifting the story off-course" from the Kasdans' script.[57] To appease Kasdan, who was unhappy with scenes not being filmed "word for word... Lord and Miller would do several takes exactly as written and then shoot additional takes."[7] Lord and Miller refused to compromise on the way to approach certain scenes, such as filming a scene from fewer angles than what Lucasfilm was expecting reducing the options available in editing, leading to a strained relationship with Lucasfilm.[57][7] The duo were also unhappy when Kasdan was brought to the London set, feeling he became a "shadow director".[7] The decision to remove Lord and Miller from the project was made after a short hiatus in filming taken to review the footage. Additional weeks of filming had been planned.[3]

text: It was reported that Star Wars creator George Lucas's close friend Ron Howard, who previously had turned down an offer from Lucas himself to direct Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace,[58] was a frontrunner to step in as director. Joe Johnston and Kasdan were also being considered, though Directors Guild of America rules state that a replacement for a director may not be someone already involved in the production.[56][59] Two days later, it was announced that Howard would take over directing duties for the remaining three-and-a-half weeks of scheduled principal photography as well as the scheduled five weeks of reshoots.[4][60] On being hired, Howard wrote, "I'm beyond grateful to add my voice to the Star Wars Universe... I hope to honor the great work already done & help deliver on the promise of a Han Solo film."[61] Howard was expected to arrive in London on June 26 to complete filming.[7] During the film's reshoots, actor Michael K. Williams was unable to return to the production, due to a schedule conflict with filming The Red Sea Diving Resort, resulting in his part being cut. Williams stated the reshoots for his character were "to match the new direction which the producers wanted Ron to carry the film in", and that he would not have been available again until November 2017, and the production did not want to wait for his availability in order to still be able to release in May 2018.[21]

text: Lucas, a friend and mentor of Howard due to previous collaborations, made a surprise visit to the set to encourage his friend on his first day shooting. While originally meant as a short meeting, Lucas ended up spending the whole day with the crew. While Lucas did not mean to interfere, at some point he forgot and asked "Why doesn't Han just do this?". Upon hearing Lucas' suggestion, Howard decided to film it and include it in the film.[62] On October 17, 2017, Howard announced that principal photography had been completed; he also revealed the official title of the film as Solo: A Star Wars Story.[63]

text: In March 2018, it was announced that the original directors Lord and Miller will receive executive producer credits on the film.[5]

text: Music[edit]

text: In July 2017, John Powell was announced as the main composer of the film's score.[64] Longtime Star Wars composer John Williams will contribute the Han Solo theme for the film.[65]

text: Release[edit]

text: Solo: A Star Wars Story will have its premiere on May 15, 2018 at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival.[66] The film is scheduled to be released in the United States on May 25, 2018, the 41st anniversary of Star Wars: Episode IV – A New Hope in which Harrison Ford first appeared as Han Solo. Despite the firing of Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, Lucasfilm has maintained that the film is on schedule for its intended release date.[1][2]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A "sneak peek" TV spot was released during Super Bowl LII on February 4, 2018.[67] It became the most popular Super Bowl trailer on YouTube with 8 million views. It also had 5.9 million views on Facebook.[68]

text: The first official teaser trailer was released in February 5, 2018. Graeme McMillan of The Hollywood Reporter criticized the trailer as "dull", and compared it negatively to the look of Rogue One, opining that the visuals "should be the hive of scum and villainy of the Cantina of the very first movie, filled with colorful aliens and things happening all over the place. That busyness, the sense of danger and hustle, feels appropriate for Solo in a way that what's on show in this first trailer simply doesn't." He also noted that several plot elements presented in the trailer were reminiscent of The Han Solo Trilogy, a series of novels published in 1997 and 1998.[69]

text: In early March 2018, French artist Hachim Bahous asserted that Disney had plagiarized a series of album covers he designed for Sony Music's label Legacy Recordings in France with character posters for the film. Disney stated they were investigating the alleged plagiarism and that the Solo posters had been produced by an outside vendor.[70]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, the film's original directors,[1] were fired from the film in June 2017 after over four-and-a-half months of shooting, about three-quarters through principal photography.[2][3][4] Howard took over directing duties for the remaining three-and-a-half weeks of scheduled principal photography and five weeks of reshoots.[4] The duo opted to receive credit as executive producers on the film.[5]
Jump up ^ Dickens, the film's original editor,[6] was replaced by Scalia in May 2017 during principal photography.[7]

tag: ol


document_title: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

question_text: who dies in what's eating gilbert grape

question_tokens: who dies in what 's eating gilbert grape

text: What's Eating Gilbert Grape

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the small town of Endora, Iowa, Gilbert Grape (Johnny Depp) is busy caring for Arnie (Leonardo DiCaprio), his brother with a developmental disability, as they wait for the many tourists' trailers to pass through town during an annual Airstreamer's Club gathering at a nearby recreational area. His mother, Bonnie (Darlene Cates), gave up on life after her husband hanged himself in the basement 17 years[3] earlier. She spends almost all of her time on the couch watching TV and eating. With Bonnie unable to care for her children on her own due to her morbid obesity, Gilbert has taken responsibility for repairing the old house and looking after Arnie, who has a habit of climbing the town water tower, while his sisters Amy (Laura Harrington) and Ellen (Mary Kate Schellhardt) do the rest. The relationship between the brothers is of both care and protection, as Gilbert continually enforces the "nobody touches Arnie" policy. A new FoodLand supermarket has opened, threatening the small Lamson's Grocery where Gilbert works. In addition, Gilbert is having an affair with a married woman, Betty Carver (Mary Steenburgen).

text: The family is looking forward to Arnie's 18th birthday. A young woman named Becky (Juliette Lewis) and her grandmother are stuck in town when the International Harvester Travelall pulling their trailer breaks down. Gilbert's unusual life circumstances threaten to get in the way of their budding romance. In order to spend time with Becky to watch the sunset, Gilbert leaves Arnie alone in the bath. He returns home late and finds that Arnie is still in the bath the following morning, shivering in the now-cold water; his guilt is compounded by his family's anger. His affair with Betty ends when she leaves town in search of a new life following her husband's death—he drowned in the family's wading pool after suffering a heart attack. Becky becomes close to both Gilbert and Arnie. While they are distracted during one of their talks, Arnie returns to the water tower he is forever trying to climb. Arnie is arrested after being rescued from the top of the tower, causing his mother—who has not left the house in seven years—to become the object of pointing, laughing and gawking from the townspeople as she goes to the police station, forcing Arnie's release.

text: Soon after, Arnie tries to run away yet again from his bath and in his frustration Gilbert finally snaps, hitting Arnie several times. Guilty and appalled at himself, Gilbert takes his truck and runs out without another word. Arnie also runs out and goes to Becky's, who takes care of him for the evening before he is picked up by his sisters. After some soul searching aided by Becky, Gilbert returns home during the birthday party to make amends to his family for running out and to be forgiven by Arnie which, with only the slightest hesitation, he is. He apologizes to his mother for his behavior and promises that he is not ashamed of her and that he will not let her be hurt any more. She admits to Gilbert her knowledge of what a burden she has become to the family, and he forgives her. He introduces her to Becky—something he had been reluctant to do earlier.

text: Following Arnie's 18th birthday party, Bonnie climbs the stairs to her bedroom for the first time since her husband's suicide. Arnie later tries to wake her but discovers she has died. The children, not willing to let their mother become the joke of the town by having her corpse lifted from the house by crane, empty their family home of possessions and set it on fire. A year later, Gilbert describes what happened to his family after his mother's death, as Gilbert and his brother Arnie wait by the side of a road for Becky, who arrives with her grandmother, and picks them up.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Johnny Depp as Gilbert Grape
Juliette Lewis as Becky
Leonardo DiCaprio as Arnie Grape
Mary Steenburgen as Betty Carver
Darlene Cates as Bonnie Grape
Laura Harrington as Amy Grape
Mary Kate Schellhardt as Ellen Grape
Kevin Tighe as Ken Carver
John C. Reilly as Tucker Van Dyke
Crispin Glover as Bobby McBurney
Penelope Branning as Becky's Grandma
Libby Villari as the Waitress

text: Production[edit]

text: What's Eating Gilbert Grape was shot in Texas, in various towns and cities; Austin and Pflugerville were primary locations, as well as Manor, where the water tower featured in the film was located.[4]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film had a limited release on December 17, 1993 and wide release on March 4, 1994.[5] The wide release garnered $2,104,938 on its first weekend. Total domestic gross for the film was $10,032,765.[6]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film was given an 89% "Certified Fresh" rating.[7] New York Times film critic Janet Maslin praised DiCaprio's performance, writing "the film's real show-stopping turn comes from Mr. DiCaprio, who makes Arnie's many tics so startling and vivid that at first he is difficult to watch.... The performance has a sharp, desperate intensity from beginning to end."[8] Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times described it as "... one of the most enchanting films of the year" and said that DiCaprio deserved to win the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for which he was nominated.[9] Todd McCarthy of Variety found the film a "bemused view on life" and remarked that "Depp manages to command center screen with a greatly affable, appealing characterization."[10] Washington Post's Desson Howe thought the film was an earnest but highly predictable effort.[11] Film Review praised Leonardo DiCaprio as the mentally handicapped brother, calling it "a performance of astonishing innocence and spontaneity", bringing "a touching credibility to a very difficult part".[12] Film Review quoted the actor:

text: I had to really research and get into the mind of somebody with a disability like that. So I spent a few days at a home for mentally retarded teens. We just talked and I watched their mannerisms. People have these expectations that mentally retarded children are really crazy, but it's not so. It's refreshing to see them because everything's so new to them.[12]

text: The film was nominated for the prestigious Grand Prix of the Belgian Syndicate of Cinema Critics.

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards

Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result

66th Academy Awards
Best Supporting Actor
Leonardo DiCaprio
Nominated

51st Golden Globe Awards
Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture
Leonardo DiCaprio
Nominated

65th National Board of Review Awards
Best Supporting Actor Award
Leonardo DiCaprio
Won

Chicago Film Critics Association Awards 1993
Best Emerging Actor
Leonardo DiCaprio
Won

tag: table