document_title: Southwest Airlines destinations

question_text: where does southwest airlines fly in the caribbean

text: Southwest Airlines destinations

text: Destinations[edit]

text: Southwest does not use the "hub and spoke" system of other major airlines, preferring the "point-to-point" system. It has large operations in certain airports. An average of 80 percent of Southwest passengers are local passengers— only 20 percent of all passengers are connecting passengers. This is higher than most airlines, where many passengers connect in hub cities. However, at Southwest's focus cities, the percentage of connecting passengers can reach 30 percent.[3] Recent numbers indicate that the number of connecting passengers is steadily rising.[4]

text: As part of its effort to control costs, Southwest sometimes uses secondary airports in cities with high costs. Secondary airports have lower costs and may be more convenient to travelers than major airports. Some examples include:

text:
Chicago, Illinois: Southwest uses Midway International Airport instead of O'Hare International Airport.
Dallas, Texas: Southwest uses Dallas Love Field instead of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport.
Houston, Texas: Southwest uses William P. Hobby Airport instead of George Bush Intercontinental Airport.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida: Southwest uses Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport instead of Miami International Airport.
New York City, New York: Southwest uses Newark Liberty International Airport, LaGuardia Airport and Long Island MacArthur Airport airports instead of John F. Kennedy International Airport.

text: AirTran cities acquired by Southwest[edit]

text: Through Southwest's acquisition of AirTran Airways, Southwest opened a focus city in Atlanta and acquired additional slots at Washington–National and New York–LaGuardia. In addition, Southwest added service to the following destinations.[5]

text:
Aruba
Atlanta, Georgia
Cancún, Mexico
Charlotte, North Carolina
Des Moines, Iowa
Flint, Michigan
Grand Rapids, Michigan
Memphis, Tennessee
Mexico City, Mexico
Montego Bay, Jamaica

Nassau, Bahamas
Pensacola, Florida
Portland, Maine
Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
Richmond, Virginia
Rochester, New York
San José del Cabo, Mexico
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Wichita, Kansas

text: International service[edit]

text: Southwest began planning international service when it acquired AirTran, which already served international destinations. Southwest's first approach to international service came on April 19, 2012 when it signed a contract with the Amadeus IT Group to launch an international reservation system. This agreement gave the airline the capability to begin flying to destinations outside of the United States.[6]

text: Southwest debuted the international reservation system on January 27, 2014 when its first international flights went on sale. This was followed by the first international flights which began on July 1, 2014 to Aruba (AUA), Montego Bay, Jamaica (MBJ) and Nassau, Bahamas (NAS).

text: Southwest built a 5 gate international terminal at William P. Hobby Airport that opened in 2015. Southwest also built a 5 gate international terminal in Fort Lauderdale that opened in 2017.[7]

text: Hawaii service[edit]

text: On October 11, 2017, Southwest announced they would add service to Hawaii beginning in 2018, pending government approval. The flights will primarily be operated out of their focus cities in California (mainly Oakland, Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, and Sacramento) utilizing their Boeing 737-800 and 737 MAX 8 aircraft.[8]

text: Chart[edit]

text: As of April 2018[update], this is a list of destinations that Southwest Airlines serves. As of January 2018 Southwest Airlines has announced that LAX will the next operating base which will go into effect late in the year.[9]

text:
Operating Base

Focus city

Future destination

Terminated destination

text:
Country (State/Province)
City
Airport
City Count
Begin
End
Refs

Aruba
Oranjestad
Queen Beatrix International Airport
86
2014
Present

Bahamas
Nassau
Lynden Pindling International Airport
87
2014
Present

Belize
Belize City
Philip S. W. Goldson International Airport
94
2015
Present

Cayman Islands
George Town
Owen Roberts International Airport
98
2017
Present
[10]

Costa Rica
Liberia
Daniel Oduber Quirós International Airport
95
2015
Present

Costa Rica
San José
Juan Santamaría International Airport
92
2015
Present

Cuba
Havana
José Martí International Airport
97
2016
Present

Cuba
Santa Clara
Abel Santamaría Airport
—
2016
2017
[11]

Cuba
Varadero
Juan Gualberto Gómez Airport
—
2016
2017
[11]

Dominican Republic
Punta Cana
Punta Cana International Airport
90
2014
Present

Jamaica
Montego Bay
Sangster International Airport
85
2014
Present

Mexico (Baja California Sur)
San José del Cabo
Los Cabos International Airport
89
2014
Present

Mexico (Federal District)
Mexico City
Mexico City International Airport
91
2014
Present

Mexico (Jalisco)
Puerto Vallarta
Lic. Gustavo Díaz Ordaz International Airport
93
2015
Present

Mexico (Quintana Roo)
Cancún
Cancún International Airport
88
2014
Present

Turks and Caicos Islands
Providenciales
Providenciales International Airport
100
2017
Present
[12]

United States (Alabama)
Birmingham
Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport
25
1987
Present

United States (Arizona)
Phoenix
Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport
16
1982
Present

United States (Arizona)
Tucson
Tucson International Airport
43
1994
Present

United States (Arkansas)
Little Rock
Little Rock National Airport
20
1984
Present

United States (California)
Burbank
Bob Hope Airport
29
1990
Present

United States (California)
Long Beach
Long Beach Airport
96
2016
Present

United States (California)
Los Angeles
Los Angeles International Airport
19
1982
Present

United States (California)
Oakland
Oakland International Airport
28
1989
Present

United States (California)
Ontario
Ontario International Airport
23
1985
Present

United States (California)
Orange County
John Wayne Airport
37
1994
Present

United States (California)
Sacramento
Sacramento International Airport
31
1991
Present

United States (California)
San Diego
San Diego International Airport
17
1982
Present

United States (California)
San Francisco
San Francisco International Airport
63
1982, 2007
2001, Present

United States (California)
San José
San Jose International Airport
35
1993
Present

United States (Colorado)
Denver
Denver International Airport
61
2006
Present

United States (Colorado)
Denver
Stapleton International Airport
—
1983
1986
[13]

United States (Connecticut)
Hartford
Bradley International Airport
53
1999
Present

United States (Florida)
Fort Lauderdale
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport
45
1996
Present

United States (Florida)
Fort Myers
Southwest Florida International Airport
60
2005
Present

United States (Florida)
Jacksonville
Jacksonville International Airport
49
1997
Present

United States (Florida)
Key West
Key West International Airport
—
2012
2014
[14]

United States (Florida)
Orlando
Orlando International Airport
47
1996
Present

United States (Florida)
Palm Beach
Palm Beach International Airport
56
2001
Present

United States (Florida)
Panama City
Northwest Florida Beaches International Airport
68
2010
Present

United States (Florida)
Pensacola
Pensacola International Airport
83
2013
Present

United States (Florida)
Tampa
Tampa International Airport
46
1996
Present

United States (Georgia)
Atlanta
Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
72
2012
Present

United States (Hawaii)
Honolulu
Daniel K. Inouye International Airport
—
2018
Future
[15]

United States (Hawaii)
Kahului
Kahului Airport
—
2018
Future
[16]

United States (Hawaii)
Kailua-Kona
Kona International Airport
—
2018
Future
[17]

United States (Hawaii)
Lihue
Lihue Airport
—
2018
Future
[18]

United States (Idaho)
Boise
Boise Airport
41
1994
Present

United States (Illinois)
Chicago
Chicago Midway International Airport
21
1985
Present

United States (Indiana)
Indianapolis
Indianapolis International Airport
27
1989
Present

United States (Iowa)
Des Moines
Des Moines International Airport
74
2012
Present

United States (Kansas)
Wichita
Wichita Eisenhower National Airport
80
2013
Present

United States (Kentucky)
Covington/Cincinnati
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport
99
2017
Present
[19]

United States (Kentucky)
Louisville
Louisville International Airport
34
1993
Present

United States (Louisiana)
New Orleans
Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport
11
1979
Present

United States (Maine)
Portland
Portland International Jetport
79
2013
Present

United States (Maryland)
Baltimore
Baltimore-Washington International Airport
36
1993
Present

United States (Massachusetts)
Boston
Logan International Airport
66
2009
Present

United States (Michigan)
Detroit
Coleman A. Young International Airport
—
1988
1993
[13]

United States (Michigan)
Detroit
Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport
26
1987
Present

United States (Michigan)
Flint
Bishop International Airport
77
2013
June 6, 2018
[20]

United States (Michigan)
Grand Rapids
Gerald R. Ford International Airport
81
2013
Present

United States (Minnesota)
Minneapolis/St. Paul
Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport
64
2009
Present

United States (Mississippi)
Jackson
Jackson International Airport
—
1997
2014
[14]

United States (Missouri)
Branson
Branson Airport
—
2013
2014
[14]

United States (Missouri)
Kansas City
Kansas City International Airport
18
1982
Present

United States (Missouri)
St. Louis
Lambert-Saint Louis International Airport
22
1985
Present

United States (Nebraska)
Omaha
Eppley Airfield
44
1995
Present

United States (Nevada)
Las Vegas
McCarran International Airport
15
1982
Present

United States (Nevada)
Reno/Tahoe
Reno-Tahoe International Airport
30
1990
Present

United States (New Hampshire)
Manchester
Manchester-Boston Regional Airport
50
1998
Present

United States (New Jersey)
Newark
Newark Liberty International Airport
71
2011
Present

United States (New Mexico)
Albuquerque
Albuquerque International Sunport
14
1980
Present

United States (New York)
Albany
Albany International Airport
54
2000
Present

United States (New York)
Buffalo
Buffalo Niagara International Airport
55
2000
Present

United States (New York)
Long Island/Islip
Long Island MacArthur Airport
51
1999
Present

United States (New York)
New York City
LaGuardia Airport
65
2009
Present

United States (New York)
Rochester
Greater Rochester International Airport
78
2013
Present

United States (North Carolina)
Charlotte
Charlotte/Douglas International Airport
75
2013
Present

United States (North Carolina)
Raleigh-Durham
Raleigh-Durham International Airport
52
1999
Present

United States (Ohio)
Akron/Canton
Akron-Canton Regional Airport
—
2012
2017

United States (Ohio)
Cleveland
Cleveland Hopkins International Airport
32
1992
Present

United States (Ohio)
Columbus
John Glenn Columbus International Airport
33
1992
Present

United States (Ohio)
Dayton
Dayton International Airport
—
2012
2017

United States (Oklahoma)
Oklahoma City
Will Rogers World Airport
12
1980
Present

United States (Oklahoma)
Tulsa
Tulsa International Airport
13
1980
Present

United States (Oregon)
Portland
Portland International Airport
38
1994
Present

United States (Pennsylvania)
Philadelphia
Philadelphia International Airport
58
2004
Present

United States (Pennsylvania)
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh International Airport
59
2005
Present

United States (Puerto Rico)
San Juan
Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport
76
2013
Present

United States (Rhode Island)
Providence
T. F. Green Airport
48
1996
Present

United States (South Carolina)
Charleston
Charleston International Airport
70
2011
Present

United States (South Carolina)
Greenville/Spartanburg
Greenville-Spartanburg International Airport
69
2011
Present

United States (Tennessee)
Memphis
Memphis International Airport
82
2013
Present

United States (Tennessee)
Nashville
Nashville International Airport
24
1986
Present

United States (Texas)
Amarillo
Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport
10
1978
Present

United States (Texas)
Austin
Austin-Bergstrom International Airport
9
1977
Present

United States (Texas)
Beaumont/Port Arthur
Jack Brooks Regional Airport
—
1979
1980
[13]

United States (Texas)
Corpus Christi
Corpus Christi International Airport
5
1977
Present

United States (Texas)
Dallas
Dallas Love Field
1
1971
Present

United States (Texas)
El Paso
El Paso International Airport
8
1977
Present

United States (Texas)
Harlingen/South Padre Island
Valley International Airport
4
1975
Present

United States (Texas)
Houston
William P. Hobby Airport
3
1971
Present

United States (Texas)
Houston
George Bush Intercontinental Airport
—
1971, 1980
1972, 2005
[13]

United States (Texas)
Lubbock
Lubbock Preston Smith International Airport
6
1977
Present

United States (Texas)
Midland/Odessa
Midland International Airport
7
1977
Present

United States (Texas)
San Antonio
San Antonio International Airport
2
1971
Present

United States (Utah)
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City International Airport
42
1994
Present

United States (Virginia)
Norfolk
Norfolk International Airport
57
2001
Present

United States (Virginia)
Richmond
Richmond International Airport
84
2013
Present

United States (Virginia)
Arlington
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
73
2012
Present

United States (Virginia)
Dulles
Washington Dulles International Airport
62
2006
Present

United States (Washington)
Everett
Paine Field
—
2018
Future
[21]

United States (Washington)
Seattle/Tacoma
Seattle–Tacoma International Airport
39
1994
Present

United States (Washington)
Spokane
Spokane International Airport
40
1994
Present

United States (Wisconsin)
Milwaukee
General Mitchell International Airport
67
2009
Present

United States (Wyoming)
Jackson Hole
Jackson Hole Airport
—
1985
1986


document_title: Mian Mir

question_text: who put the first brick of golden temple

root

text: Mian Mir

text: Mian Mir and Emperor Jahangir[edit]

text: Mian Mir was a friend of God-loving people and he would shun worldly, selfish men, greedy Emirs and ambitious Nawabs who ran after faqirs to get their blessings. To stop such people from coming to see him, Mian Mir posted his mureeds (disciples) at the gate of his house.[5]

tag: p

text: Once, Jahangir, the Mughal emperor, with all his retinue came to pay homage to the great faqir. He came with all the pomp and show that befitted an emperor. Mian Mir's sentinels however, stopped the emperor at the gate and requested him to wait until their master had given permission to enter. Jahangir felt slighted. No one had ever dared delay or question his entry to any place in his kingdom. Yet he controlled his temper and composed himself. He waited for permission. After a while, he was ushered into Mian Mir's presence. Unable to hide his wounded vanity, Jahangir, as soon as he entered, told Mian Mir in Persian: Ba dar-e-darvis darbane naa-bayd ("On the doorstep of a faqir, there should be no sentry").[citation needed] Pir Mian Mir, replied in Persian: Babayd keh sag-e-dunia na ayad ("They are there so that the dogs of the world/selfish men may not enter").[citation needed]

text: The emperor was embarrassed and asked for forgiveness. Then, with folded hands, Jahangir requested Mian Mir to pray for the success of the campaign which he intended to launch for the conquest of the Deccan. Meanwhile, a poor man entered and, bowing his head to Mian Mir, made an offering of a rupee before him. The Sufi asked the devotee to pick up the rupee and give it to the poorest, neediest person in the audience. The devotee went from one dervish to another but none accepted the rupee. The devotee returned to Mian Mir with the rupee saying: "Master, none of the dervishes will accept the rupee. None is in need, it seems."[citation needed]

text: "Go and give this rupee to him," said the faqir, pointing to Jahangir. "He is the poorest and most needy of the lot. Not content with a big kingdom, he covets the kingdom of the Deccan. For that, he has come all the way from Delhi to beg. His hunger is like a fire that burns all the more furiously with more wood. It has made him needy, greedy and grim. Go and give the rupee to him."

text: Mian Mir and Sikhism[edit]

text: According to Sikh tradition, the Sikh guru Guru Arjan Dev Ji met Mian Mir during their stay in Lahore. This tradition does not appear in the early Sikh literature, and is first mentioned in the 18th and 19th century chronicles. However, it may be possible that this tradition is historically true, and may have been suppressed during the earlier period because of Sikhs' conflicts with the Muslim Mughals and Afghans.[6]

text: Legend about foundation of Harmandir Sahib[edit]

text: According to Tawarikh-i-Punjab (1848), written by Ghulam Muhayy-ud-Din alias Bute Shah, Mian Mir laid the foundation of the Sikh shrine Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple), at the request of Guru Arjan Dev.[7] Although the earliest Sikh records state that the foundation stone was laid by Guru Arjun himself, the later Sikh records mention the legend that appears in Tawarikh-i-Punjab. The legend is repeated in several European sources, beginning with The Punjab Notes and Queries.[8] Even the Report Sri Darbar Sahib (1929), published by the Harmandir Sahib temple authorities, have endorsed this account.[9]

text: However, this legend is unsubstantiated by historical evidence.[10][11] Sakinat al-aulia, a 17th century biography of Mian Mir compiled by Dara Shikoh, does not mention this account. It appears only in the later accounts, and may have been invented to strengthen the Sikh-Muslim relationship.[6]

text: Death and legacy[edit]

text: After having lived a long life of piety and virtuosity, Mian Mir died on 22 August 1635 (7 Rabi' al-awwal, 1045 according to the Islamic Calendar). He was eighty-eight years old.

text:
His funeral oration was read by Mughal prince Dara Shikoh, who was a highly devoted disciple of the Saint.
There is a hospital named after him in his hometown Lahore, called Mian Mir Hospital.[12]

text: Tomb[edit]

text: He was buried at a place which was about a mile from Lahore near Alamganj, that is at the south-east of the city.  Mian Mir's spiritual successor was Mullah Shah Badakhshi. Mian Mir's Mazar (Mausoleum) still attracts hundreds of devotees each day and he is revered by many Sikhs as well as Muslims. The tomb's architecture still remains quite intact to this day. His death anniversary ('Urs' in Urdu language) is observed there by his devotees every year.[13]


document_title: Field goal

question_text: who has kicked the longest field goal in nfl history

text: Field goal

text: Strategy[edit]

text: As a field goal is worth only three points, while a touchdown scores at least six (which usually becomes seven with a successful conversion, and potentially 8 with a two-point conversion), teams will generally attempt a field goal only in the following situations:

text:
It is fourth down (third down in Canadian rules), especially if the offense is more than a yard or two from a new first down, and within about 45 yards of the goal posts.
In the first half, there is enough time remaining to execute only one more play.
In the second half, there is enough time remaining to execute only one more play, and the team on offense needs three points to win or tie (four points in a few leagues given special circumstances).
The game is in overtime, and a FG is the quickest, easiest, and least risky way to end the match.

tag: ul

text: Except in desperate situations, a team will generally attempt field goals only when keeping a drive alive is unlikely, and its kicker has a significant chance of success, as a missed field goal results in a turnover at the spot of the kick (in the NFL) or at the line of scrimmage (in the NCAA). In American high school rules and Canadian football, where a missed field goal is treated the same as a punt, most teams still opt not to attempt field goals from very long range since field goal formations are not conducive to covering kick returns. Even under ideal conditions, the best professional kickers historically had difficulty making kicks longer than 50 yards consistently (the NFL record is 65 yards and the CFL record, 62 yards).[2] If a team chooses not to attempt a field goal on their last down, they can punt to the other team. A punt cannot score any points in American football unless the receiving team touches the ball first and the kicking team recovers it (though it can result in a single in Canadian football), but it may push the other team back toward its own end.

text: The longest field goal kick in NFL history is 64 yards, a record set by Matt Prater on December 8, 2013. The previous record was 63, originally set by Tom Dempsey and then matched by Jason Elam, Sebastian Janikowski, and David Akers. High school, college and most professional football leagues offer only a three-point field goal; however, some professional leagues have encouraged more rare kicks through four-point field goals. NFL Europe encouraged long field goals of 50 yards or more by making those worth four points instead of three (much like Australian rules' Super Goal or basketball's three-point line), a rule since adopted by the Stars Football League. Similarly, the sport of arena football sought (unsuccessfully) to repopularize the drop kick by making that worth four points; it failed, since only one kicker (Brian Mitchell) was able to do it with any semblance of proficiency. (In six-man football, where there is no offensive line, all field goals are worth four points instead of the usual three.)

text: The overall field goal percentage during the 2010 NFL season was 82.3. In comparison, Jan Stenerud, one of only two pure kickers in the Pro Football Hall of Fame (along with Ray Guy), had a career field goal percentage of 66.8 from 1967 to 1985.[2]

text: How field goals are kicked[edit]

text: When a team decides to attempt a field goal, it will generally line up in a very tight formation, with all but two players lined up along or near the line of scrimmage: the placekicker and the holder. The holder is usually the team's punter or backup quarterback.[citation needed] Instead of the regular center, a team may have a dedicated long snapper trained especially to snap the ball on placekick attempts and punts.

text: The holder usually lines up seven to eight yards behind the line of scrimmage, with the kicker a few yards behind him. Upon receiving the snap, the holder holds the ball against the ground vertically, with the stitches away from the kicker. The kicker begins his approach during the snap, so the snapper and holder have little margin for error. A split-second mistake can disrupt the entire attempt.

text: The measurement of a field goal's distance is from the goalpost to the point where the ball was positioned for the kick by the holder. In American football, where the goalpost is located at the back of the end zone (above the end line), the ten yards of the end zone are added to the yard line distance at the spot of the hold.

text: In the early days of the sport, placekickers approached the ball straight on, with the toe making first contact with the ball. The technique of kicking the ball "soccer-style", by approaching the ball at an angle and kicking it with the instep, was introduced by kicker Pete Gogolak in the 1960s.[3] The Hungarian-born Gogolak, reflecting his roots in European soccer, observed that kicking the ball at an angle could cover more distance than kicking straight on.

text: Successful field goals[edit]

text: If there is any time left in the half, the method of resuming play after a successful field goal varies between leagues.

text: Missed field goals[edit]

text: A missed field goal is said to be "no good" if the kicked ball does not cross between the uprights and/or over the crossbar of the goal posts. If it misses to the posts' left it may be called "wide left" and "wide right" if it misses to the posts' right. A field goal attempt may be described as "short" if it does not have sufficient distance to go over the cross bar. Some commentators will only describe a field goal attempt as being short if it appears to have been aimed correctly while others will describe an attempt appearing to lack both accuracy and distance as being both wide and short.

text: If a field goal attempt is missed and does not go out of bounds, a defensive player may catch the ball and return it, like a punt or kickoff. This type of play usually occurs during an extremely long field goal attempt due to the distance the defense must travel to reach the returner. If there is a significant likelihood of a miss and the strategic game situation warrants it, the defense places a player downfield, in or near their end zone, to catch the ball. The risk in this is that the return man may be tackled deep in his own territory, at a considerably worse position than he could have gotten by letting the ball go dead (see below); furthermore, should the returner fumble the ball, the kicking team can recover it and gain a new set of downs (the advantage is that the kicking team is lined up very close together to stop kick blockers, and not spread across the field like a kickoff or punt team, and is therefore in poor position to defend the return). Thus, teams will usually return a kick only towards the end of a half (when the kick will be the final play) or in a particularly desperate situation.

text: If a ball caroms off one of the goal posts or the crossbar, but lands in the field of play, the ball is considered dead and cannot be returned. (This is not the case in arena football, where large "rebound nets" surround the goal posts for the explicit purpose of keeping the ball in play.) However, if the ball caroms off one of the goal posts or the crossbar and continues into the goal, the score counts.

text: Situations where the defense does not return a missed field goal vary between leagues and levels of play:

text: Blocked field goals[edit]

text: Occasionally, the defense will succeed in blocking a field goal. If a blocked field goal is in or behind the neutral zone, it is treated like a fumble and can be advanced by either team. Beyond the neutral zone, a blocked kick is treated like a punt and can be advanced only by the defense, unless a defensive player fumbles the ball, after which an offensive player can advance it.

text: History[edit]

text: In the early days of football, kicking was highly emphasized. In 1883, the scoring system was devised, with field goals counting for 5 points, and touchdowns and conversions worth 4 apiece. In 1897, the touchdown was raised to 5 points while the conversion was lowered to 1 point. Field goals were devalued to 4 points in 1904, and then to the modern 3 points in 1909. The touchdown was changed to 6 points in 1912 in American football; the Canadian game followed suit in 1956.

text: The spot of the conversion has also changed through the years. In 1924, NCAA rules spotted the conversion at the 3-yard line, before moving it back to the 5-yard line in 1925. In 1929, the spot was moved up to the 2-yard line, which the NFL had done until 2014. In 1968, the NCAA diverged from the NFL rules in moving the spot back to the original 3-yard line. Canadian rules originally spotted the conversion at the 5-yard line, which remains closer than in the American code as the goalposts are at the front of the end zone. In 2015, to make conversion kicks harder, the NFL and CFL moved the spot of the kick to the 15 and 25-yard lines, respectively. In addition, the CFL moved the spot for a two-point conversion up to the 3-yard line to entice more teams to go for 2 points as opposed to one.

text: The goalposts were originally located on the goal line; this led to many injuries and sometimes interfered with play. The NCAA moved the goal posts to the rear of the end zone in 1927. The NFL (still following NCAA rules at the time) followed suit, but moved the posts back to the goal line starting in the 1932 NFL Playoff Game, a change made necessary by the size of the indoor Chicago Stadium and kept when the NFL rules stopped mirroring the NCAA rules in 1933. The NFL kept the post at the goal line until 1974, when they were moved back to the rear of the end zone. This was partly a result of the narrowed hashmark distance made in 1972, which had made for easier field-goal angles. The Canadian game still has posts on the goal line.

text: The width of the goalposts and the hashmarks have also varied throughout the years. In 1959, the NCAA goalposts were widened to 23 feet 4 inches (7.11 m), the standard width for high school posts today. In 1991, the college goalposts were reduced in width to 18 ft 6 in (5.64 m), matching the NFL. For the 1991 and 1992 seasons, this meant potentially severe angles for short field goal attempts, since the hashmark width remained at 53 ft 4 in (16.26 m). In 1993, the NCAA narrowed the distance between the hashmarks to 40 ft (12.19 m), matching what was the width of hashmarks in the NFL from 1945 through 1971; the NFL narrowed the hashmarks in 1972 to goalpost width at 18.5 feet (5.64 m). In the CFL, the hashmarks are 51 feet (16 m), but the field is 195 feet (59 m) in width, 35 feet (11 m) wider than the American field.

text: The NFL increased the height of the uprights above the crossbar to 20 feet (6.10 m) in 1966 and 30 feet (9.14 m) in 1974. In 2014, they were raised five feet to 35 feet (10.67 m) after the adoption of a proposal by New England Patriots head coach Bill Belichick.[7]

text: The "slingshot" goalpost, with a single post curving to support the crossbar, was invented by Jim Trimble and Joel Rottman in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.[8] The first were built by Alcan and displayed at Expo 67,[8][9] the World's fair in Montreal. The NFL had standardized the goalposts in 1966 and adopted the slingshot for the 1967 season;[8] the NCAA later adopted the same rule, but later allowed the use of "offset" goalposts, with two posts rather than one (which were the norm prior to the invention of the "slingshot" goalposts). The CFL was the first league to use the new goalposts; they made their debut in the 2nd game of the CFL's Eastern Conference final in 1966 (which was played at Montreal's Autostade as Landsdowne Park [now TD Place Stadium], the home of Ottawa Rough Riders, was undergoing renovations), and were used in the Grey Cup the next week at Vancouver's Empire Stadium. Three schools in Division I FBS currently use dual-support posts: Florida State, LSU, and Washington State. A special exemption was allowed by the NFL for the New Orleans Saints to use the offset goalposts during the 2005 season, when they used LSU's stadium for home games after Hurricane Katrina.

text: Goalposts at the professional level today are sometimes equipped with a camera mounted to the stanchion immediately behind the center of the crossbar. Since these cameras are both above and slightly behind the crossbar, a field goal attempt will be judged good if it strikes this equipment.

text: In 1989, the NCAA banned the kicking tee for field goals and extra points, requiring kicks from the ground.[10][11]

text: During the 2011 NFL season, a record 90 field goals of 50 yards or longer were made.[12] In 2012, this record was increased to 92 field goals of 50 yards or longer.[12]

text: Longest field goal records[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: As recorded in Guinness World Records:

text: The record for a field goal at any level is 69 yards. It was kicked by Ove Johansson of the Abilene Christian University Wildcats in the 1976 game against East Texas State University Lions (now Texas A&M University–Commerce) in Shotwell Stadium, Abilene, Texas.[13]

text: NFL[edit]

text: The longest field goal made was 64 yards by Matt Prater of the Denver Broncos on December 8, 2013.[14] The longest field goal attempt in an NFL game was 76 yards by Sebastian Janikowski on September 28, 2008.[15]

text: In the history of the NFL regular season, only 18 field goals have been made from at least 60 yards:[16]

text:
Distance
Kicker
Team
Result
Opposition
Date
Notes
Location
Elevation
Weather

64 yards
Matt Prater
Denver Broncos
51–28
Tennessee Titans
December 8, 2013
End of 1st half
Sports Authority Field at Mile High
5,280 ft (1,610 m)
13 °F; Sunny; Wind: S at 3 mph; Humidity: 72%

63 yards
Tom Dempsey
New Orleans Saints
19–17
Detroit Lions
November 8, 1970
Born with a stub for a right foot. Game-winning kick as time expired. Detroit kicker Errol Mann had kicked a field goal with :08 remaining to give Lions the lead.
Tulane Stadium
16 ft (4.9 m)

63 yards
Jason Elam
Denver Broncos
37–24
Jacksonville Jaguars
October 25, 1998
First field goal to tie record; soccer-style kicker
Mile High Stadium
5,280 ft (1,610 m)

63 yards
Sebastian Janikowski
Oakland Raiders
23–20
Denver Broncos
September 12, 2011
Left-footed
Sports Authority Field at Mile High
5,280 ft (1,610 m)
Light rain early

63 yards
David Akers
San Francisco 49ers
30–22
Green Bay Packers
September 9, 2012
Left-footed; end of first half; ball bounced off crossbar before crossing the plane
Lambeau Field
640 ft (200 m)
70 °F; Mostly Cloudy; Wind: N at 7 mph; Humidity: 43%

62 yards
Matt Bryant
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
23–21
Philadelphia Eagles
October 22, 2006
Game-winning kick as time expired
Raymond James Stadium
35 ft (11 m)

62 yards
Stephen Gostkowski
New England Patriots
33–8
Oakland Raiders
November 19, 2017
Right-footed; kicked as time expired at the end of the first half
Azteca Stadium
7,280 ft (2,220 m)
63 °F; Mostly Cloudy

61 yards
Sebastian Janikowski
Oakland Raiders
9–23
Cleveland Browns
December 27, 2009
Left-footed
FirstEnergy Stadium
580 ft (180 m)

61 yards
Jay Feely
Arizona Cardinals
16–19 (OT)
Buffalo Bills
October 14, 2012
Right-footed; longest game-tying field goal with 1:09 remaining in the 4th quarter, missed a 38-yard field goal that would have won the game at the end of regulation
University of Phoenix Stadium
1,150 ft (350 m)
Retractable roof closed

61 yards
Justin Tucker
Baltimore Ravens
18–16
Detroit Lions
December 16, 2013
Right-footed; game-winning field goal with 43 seconds remaining; sixth field goal of the game
Ford Field
601 ft (183 m)[17]
Dome

61 yards
Greg Zuerlein
St. Louis Rams
18–21 (OT)
Minnesota Vikings
November 8, 2015
Right-footed
TCF Bank Stadium
869 ft (265 m)
58 °F (14 °C); sunny

61 yards
Jake Elliott
Philadelphia Eagles
27–24
New York Giants
September 24, 2017
Right-footed; game winning kick as time expired. Second game of NFL career.
Lincoln Financial Field
39 ft (12 m)
91 °F (33 °C); sunny

60 yards
Steve Cox
Cleveland Browns
9–12
Cincinnati Bengals
October 21, 1984
Straight-ahead kick; on AstroTurf
Riverfront Stadium
490 ft (150 m)

60 yards
Morten Andersen
New Orleans Saints
17–20
Chicago Bears
October 27, 1991
Left-footed; on AstroTurf; first 60-yard kick done indoors
Louisiana Superdome
Sea level
Dome

60 yards
Rob Bironas
Tennessee Titans
20–17
Indianapolis Colts
December 3, 2006
Right-footed; game winner with six seconds remaining
LP Field
400 ft (120 m)

60 yards
Dan Carpenter
Miami Dolphins
10–13
Cleveland Browns
December 5, 2010
End of 1st half
Sun Life Stadium
5 ft (1.5 m)
77 °F (25 °C), wind SW at 14 mph (23 km/h)

60 yards
Greg Zuerlein
St. Louis Rams
19–13
Seattle Seahawks
September 30, 2012
In his rookie season; longest field goal in third quarter; also kicked a 58-yard field goal in the first quarter
Edward Jones Dome
466 ft (142 m)
Dome

60 yards
Chandler Catanzaro
Arizona Cardinals
18–33
Buffalo Bills
September 25, 2016
Longest field goal in career
New Era Field
600 ft (180 m)

text: Prior to Dempsey's 1970 kick, the longest field goal in NFL history was a 56-yard field goal by Bert Rechichar in 1953. A 55-yard field goal, achieved by a drop kick, was recorded by Paddy Driscoll in 1924, and stood as the unofficial record until that point; some sources indicate a 54-yarder by Glenn Presnell in 1934 as the record, due to the inability to precisely verify Driscoll's 55-yarder.

text: In a pre-season NFL game between the Denver Broncos and the Seattle Seahawks on August 29, 2002, Ola Kimrin kicked a 65-yard field goal.[18] However, because pre-season games are not counted toward official records, this accomplishment is not the official record.

text: CFL[edit]

text:
62 yards, Paul McCallum, Saskatchewan Roughriders vs. Edmonton Eskimos, October 27, 2001[19]
60 yards, Dave Ridgway, Saskatchewan Roughriders vs. Winnipeg Blue Bombers, September 6, 1987[19]

text: College football[edit]

text:
69 yards, Ove Johansson, Abilene Christian vs. East Texas State on October 16, 1976. (NAIA)
67 yards, Tom Odle, Fort Hays State vs. Washburn, 1988. (NCAA)
67 yards, Joe Williams, Wichita State vs. Southern Illinois, 1978. (NCAA Division I)
67 yards, Russell Erxleben, Texas vs. Rice, 1977. (NCAA Division I)
67 yards, Steve Little, Arkansas vs. Texas, 1977.[20] (NCAA Division I)
65 yards, J. T. Haxall, Princeton vs. Yale, 1882.

text: All of the above kicks were successful with the use of a kicking tee, which was banned by the NCAA after the 1988 season.

text: 65 yards, Martin Gramatica, Kansas State vs. Northern Illinois, 1998 - without a tee [21]

text: The longest known drop-kicked field goal in college football was a 62-yard kick from Pat O'Dea, an Australian kicker who played on the Wisconsin Badgers football team. O'Dea's kick took place in a blizzard against Northwestern on November 15, 1898.[22]

text: U Sports[edit]

text: The longest field goal in U Sports football history is 59 yards, by Niko Difonte of Calgary Dinos, playing against the UBC Thunderbirds on November 11, 2017. The field goal was the final and winning play of the 81st Hardy Cup.[23][24]

text: High school[edit]

text:
68 yards, Dirk Borgognone, Reno High School vs. Sparks High School (Nevada), September 27, 1985[25][26]
67 yards, Austin Rehkow, Central Valley High School (Spokane Valley, Washington) vs. Shadle Park High School (Spokane, Washington), October 18, 2012, game-tying FG with :02 left in 4th quarter (CV would go on to win 62-55). [27][28] (tied with two others)
62 yards, David Rosenbaum, Woodrow Wilson High School (Washington, D.C.) vs. Spingarn High School, October 3, 2003. While no records are kept, considered to be the longest extra point scored. Penalties due to excessive celebration, unsportsmanlike conduct, and taunting.[29]

text: Independent amateur[edit]

text: 68 yards, Fabrizio Scaccia, Treasure Coast Bobcats (FL), March 29, 2009[30] (world record for a kick without the aid of a tee, which was banned for field goal and extra point attempts in the NCAA in 1989)

text: Independent Women's Football League[edit]

text: 44 yards, Sarah Oliver, California Quake vs. New Mexico Menace, April 26, 2008.[31]

text: Longest missed field goal return records[edit]

text: NFL[edit]

text: Field goal returns are rare in the NFL, since an attempt with sufficient distance that misses the uprights will automatically be dead. Returns are possible when a field goal is short, but in that case returners will usually down the ball so as to scrimmage from the spot of the kick. Normally, a return will only be attempted when there is not enough time left in the half to run a play from scrimmage. Nevertheless, four field goals have been returned for at least 107 yards in the 21st century:

text:
Distance returned
Returner
Team
Opposing kicker
Opposing team
Distance attempted
Date
Location

109 yards[32]
Antonio Cromartie
San Diego Chargers
Ryan Longwell
Minnesota Vikings
58 yards
November 4, 2007
Metrodome

108 yards[33]
Devin Hester
Chicago Bears
Jay Feely
New York Giants
52 yards
November 12, 2006
Giants Stadium

108 yards[34]
Nathan Vasher
Chicago Bears
Joe Nedney
San Francisco 49ers
52 yards
November 13, 2005
Soldier Field

107 yards[35]
Chris McAlister
Baltimore Ravens
Jason Elam
Denver Broncos
57 yards
September 30, 2002
Ravens Stadium

text: CFL[edit]

text: Because the goalposts in Canadian football are on the goal line, and because downing the ball in the end zone results in the kicking team scoring a single point, field goal returns are much more common. The longest missed field goal return in the CFL is 131 total yards. Against the Montreal Alouettes on August 22, 1958, the Toronto Argonauts' Boyd Carter ran 15 yards, then threw a lateral to Dave Mann, who then returned it for the final 116 yards.[36] This return, which started 21 yards behind the goal line, was during the era of 25-yard end zones (which made the maximum theoretical missed field return distance 134 yards in those days) and therefore cannot be met or exceeded on the modern field with 20-yard end zones. Since the shortening of the end zones in the CFL in 1986, a field goal has been returned for the maximum 129 yards on two occasions: by Tristan Jackson of the Saskatchewan Roughriders on July 14, 2012 [37] and by Trent Guy of the Montreal Alouettes on September 23, 2012.[38]

text: NCAA[edit]

text: In NCAA college football, only five missed field goals returns for touchdowns have ever been returned 100 yards or more:[39]

text:
September 17, 1966: Don Guest (California Golden Bears), 108-yard return for a touchdown after a failed 47-yard field goal attempt by Washington State.[39]
September 28, 1968: Richie Luzzi (Clemson Tigers), 108-yard return for a touchdown after a failed 47-yard field goal attempt by Georgia.[40]
September 7, 2013: Odell Beckham Jr. (LSU Tigers), 109-yard return for a touchdown after a failed 59-yard field goal attempt by UAB.[39]
November 30, 2013: Chris Davis, Jr. (Auburn Tigers), 109-yard return for a touchdown after what would have been a tie-breaking 57-yard field goal attempt by Alabama fell short as time expired, what some writers and fans call the greatest play in college football history.[41][42][43][44]
September 3, 2016: Brandon Wilson (Houston Cougars), 109-yard return for a touchdown after a failed 53-yard field goal attempt by Oklahoma.[45]

text: U Sports[edit]

text: In U Sports football, like in the CFL, the longest possible missed field goal return is 129 yards, and this has occurred three times.[24]

text:
Jeremy Botelho of the Manitoba Bisons playing against the Simon Fraser Clansmen on September 11, 2009
Jedd Gardner of the Guelph Gryphons playing against the McMaster Marauders on October 8, 2010
Tunde Adeleke of the Carleton Ravens playing against the Ottawa Gee-Gees on October 5, 2013


document_title: FIFA World Cup top goalscorers

question_text: who score the most goal in world cup history

text: FIFA World Cup top goalscorers

text: Overall top goalscorers[edit]

text:
Players with at least 5 goals at the FIFA World Cup tournaments[6]
[7]

Rank

Player[nb 1]

Team

Goalsscored

Matchesplayed

Goalsper game[nb 2]

Tournaments[nb 3]

Notes

1

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

16

24

0.67

2002, 2006, 2010, 2014

list[8]

2

Ronaldo

 Brazil

15

19

0.79

[1994], 1998, 2002, 2006

list[9]

3

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

14

13

1.08

1970, 1974

list[10]

4

Just Fontaine

 France

13

6

2.17

1958

list[11]

5

Pelé

 Brazil

12

14

0.86

1958, 1962, 1966, 1970

list[12]

6

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

11

5

2.20

1954

list[13]

Jürgen Klinsmann

 West Germany Germany

17

0.65

19901994, 1998

list[14]

8

Helmut Rahn

 West Germany

10

10

1.00

1954, 1958

list[15]

Gary Lineker

 England

12

0.83

1986, 1990

list[16]

Gabriel Batistuta

 Argentina

12

0.83

1994, 1998, 2002

list[17]

Teófilo Cubillas

 Peru

13

0.77

1970, 1978, (1982)

list[18]

Thomas Müller

 Germany

16

0.53

2010, 2014, (2018)

list[19]

Grzegorz Lato

 Poland

20

0.50

1974, 1978, 1982

list[20]

14

Eusébio

 Portugal

9

6

1.50

1966

list[21]

Christian Vieri

 Italy

9

1.00

1998, 2002

list[22]

Vavá

 Brazil

10

0.90

1958, 1962

[23]

David Villa

 Spain

12

0.75

2006, 2010, 2014

list[24]

Paolo Rossi

 Italy

14

0.64

1978, 1982, [1986]

list[25]

Jairzinho

 Brazil

16

0.56

(1966), 1970, 1974

list[26]

Roberto Baggio

 Italy

16

0.56

1990, 1994, 1998

list[27]

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

 West Germany

19

0.47

1978, 1982, 1986

list[28]

Uwe Seeler

 West Germany

21

0.43

1958, 1962, 1966, 1970

[29]

23

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

8

4

2.00

1930

[30]

Leônidas

 Brazil

5

1.60

1934, 1938

[nb 4][32]

Ademir

 Brazil

6

1.33

1950

[nb 5][35]

Óscar Míguez

 Uruguay

7

1.14

1950, 1954

[36]

Rivaldo

 Brazil

14

0.57

1998, 2002

[37]

Rudi Völler

 West Germany Germany

15

0.53

1986, 19901994

[38]

Diego Maradona

 Argentina

21

0.38

1982, 1986, (1990), 1994

[39]

30

Oldřich Nejedlý

 Czechoslovakia

7

6

1.17

1934, 1938

[nb 6][40]

Lajos Tichy

 Hungary

8

0.88

1958, 1962, [1966]

list[41]

Careca

 Brazil

9

0.78

1986, 1990

[42]

Johnny Rep

 Netherlands

13

0.54

1974, 1978

[43]

Andrzej Szarmach

 Poland

13

0.54

1974, 1978, 1982

[44]

Luis Suárez

 Uruguay

13

0.54

2010, 2014, 2018

list[45]

Hans Schäfer

 West Germany

15

0.47

1954, 1958, (1962)

[46]

Cristiano Ronaldo

 Portugal

17

0.41

2006, 2010, 2014, 2018

list[47]

38

Josef Hügi

  Switzerland

6

3

2.00

1954

[48]

Oleg Salenko

 Russia

3

2.00

1994

[49]

György Sárosi

 Hungary

5

1.20

1934, 1938

[50]

Max Morlock

 West Germany

5

1.20

1954

[51]

Erich Probst

 Austria

5

1.20

1954

[52]

Harry Kane

 England

6

1.00

2018

[53]

Salvatore Schillaci

 Italy

7

0.86

1990

[54]

Davor Šuker

 Yugoslavia Croatia

8

0.75

[1990],1998, (2002)

[nb 7][55]

James Rodríguez

 Colombia

8

0.75

2014, (2018)

[56]

Helmut Haller

 West Germany

9

0.67

(1962), 1966, (1970)

[57]

Hristo Stoichkov

 Bulgaria

10

0.60

1994, (1998)

[58]

Diego Forlán

 Uruguay

10

0.60

2002, 2010, (2014)

[59]

Neymar

 Brazil

10

0.60

2014, 2018

[60]

Asamoah Gyan

 Ghana

11

0.55

2006, 2010, 2014

[61]

Dennis Bergkamp

 Netherlands

12

0.50

1994, 1998

[62]

Rob Rensenbrink

 Netherlands

13

0.46

1974, 1978

[63]

Rivellino

 Brazil

15

0.40

1970, 1974, (1978)

[64]

Bebeto

 Brazil

15

0.40

(1990), 1994, 1998

[65]

Arjen Robben

 Netherlands

15

0.40

2006, 2010, 2014

[66]

Zbigniew Boniek

 Poland

16

0.38

1978, 1982, (1986)

[67]

Thierry Henry

 France

17

0.35

1998, (2002), 2006, (2010)

[68]

Wesley Sneijder

 Netherlands

17

0.35

(2006), 2010, 2014

[69]

Robin van Persie

 Netherlands

17

0.35

2006, 2010, 2014

[70]

Mario Kempes

 Argentina

18

0.33

(1974), 1978, (1982)

[71]

Lionel Messi

 Argentina

19

0.32

2006, (2010), 2014, 2018

[72]

Lothar Matthäus

 West Germany Germany

25

0.24

(1982), 1986, 1990, 1994, (1998)

[73]

64

Pedro Cea

 Uruguay

5

4

1.25

1930

[74]

Silvio Piola

 Italy

4

1.25

1938

[75]

Gyula Zsengellér

 Hungary

4

1.25

1938

[76]

Peter McParland

 Northern Ireland

5

1.00

1958

[77]

Tomáš Skuhravý

 Czechoslovakia

5

1.00

1990

[78]

Juan Alberto Schiaffino

 Uruguay

6

0.83

1950, 1954

[79]

Geoff Hurst

 England

6

0.83

1966, 1970

[80]

Jon Dahl Tomasson

 Denmark

6

0.83

2002, 2010

[81]

Alessandro Altobelli

 Italy

7

0.71

1982, 1986

[82]

Kennet Andersson

 Sweden

7

0.71

1994

[83]

Fernando Morientes

 Spain

7

0.71

1998, 2002

[84]

Romário

 Brazil

8

0.63

(1990), 1994

[85]

Marc Wilmots

 Belgium

8

0.63

[1990], (1994), 1998, 2002

[86]

Mario Mandžukić

 Croatia

8

0.63

2014, 2018

[87]

Valentin Ivanov

 Soviet Union

9

0.56

1958, 1962

[88]

Emilio Butragueño

 Spain

9

0.56

1986, (1990)

[89]

Roger Milla

 Cameroon

9

0.56

(1982), 1990, 1994

[90]

Tim Cahill

 Australia

9

0.56

2006, 2010, 2014, (2018)

[91]

Hans Krankl

 Austria

10

0.50

1978, 1982

[92]

Romelu Lukaku

 Belgium

10

0.50

2014, 2018

[93]

Ivan Perišić

 Croatia

10

0.50

2014, 2018

[94]

Raúl

 Spain

11

0.45

1998, 2002, 2006

[95]

Garrincha

 Brazil

12

0.42

(1958), 1962, 1966

[96]

Johan Neeskens

 Netherlands

12

0.42

1974, (1978)

[97]

Fernando Hierro

 Spain

12

0.42

[1990], 1994, 1998, 2002

[98]

Zinedine Zidane

 France

12

0.42

1998, (2002), 2006

[99]

Landon Donovan

 United States

12

0.42

2002, (2006), 2010

[100]

Henrik Larsson

 Sweden

13

0.38

1994, 2002, 2006

[101]

Michel Platini

 France

14

0.36

1978, 1982, 1986

[102]

Zico

 Brazil

14

0.36

1978, 1982, (1986)

[103]

Gonzalo Higuaín

 Argentina

14

0.36

2010, 2014, (2018)

[104]

Edinson Cavani

 Uruguay

14

0.36

2010, 2014, 2018

[105]

Lukas Podolski

 Germany

15

0.33

2006, 2010, (2014)

[106]

Franz Beckenbauer

 West Germany

18

0.28

1966, 1970, (1974)

[107]

text: Timeline[edit]

text:
Progressive list of footballers that have held the record for most goals scored at the FIFA World Cup final tournaments

Goals

Date

Player

Team

Match

Opponent

Previous goals

Ref

1

July 13, 1930

Lucien Laurent

 France

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

N/A

[nb 8]

Bart McGhee

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Belgium

Marcel Langiller

 France

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

André Maschinot

 France

 Mexico

Tom Florie

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Belgium

Bert Patenaude

 United States

 Belgium

Juan Carreño

 Mexico

 1930 – Group stage

 France

2

André Maschinot

 France

 Mexico

1930 vs Mexico

July 16, 1930

Carlos Vidal

 Chile

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

1930 vs Mexico

[110]

July 17, 1930

Ivan Bek

 Yugoslavia

 1930 – Group stage

 Bolivia

1930 vs Brazil

[111]

3

Bert Patenaude

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Paraguay

1930 vs Belgium, Paraguay

[112]

4

July 22, 1930

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

 1930 – Group stage

 Chile

1930 vs Mexico (3)

[113]

5

6

July 26, 1930

 1930 – Semi-final

 United States

7

8

July 30, 1930

 1930 – Final

 Uruguay

June 19, 1938

Leônidas

 Brazil

 1938 – 3rd place

 Sweden

1934 vs Spain1938 vs Poland (3), Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Sweden (2)

[114]

July 13, 1950

Ademir

 Brazil

 1950 – Final round

 Spain

1950 vs Mexico (2), Yugoslavia, Sweden (3), Spain

[35]

June 27, 1954

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

 1954 – Quarter-final

 Brazil

1954 vs South Korea (3), Germany (4)

[115]

9

10

June 30, 1954

 1954 – Semi-final

 Uruguay

11

June 28, 1958

Just Fontaine

 France

 1958 – 3rd place

 West Germany

1958 vs Paraguay (3), Yugoslavia (2), Scotland, Northern Ireland (2), Brazil, West Germany

[116]

12

13

July 3, 1974

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

 1974 – Second round

 Poland

1970 vs Morocco, Bulgaria (3), Peru (3), England, Italy (2) 1974 vs Australia, Yugoslavia

[10]

14

July 7, 1974

 1974 – Final

 Netherlands

June 22, 2006

Ronaldo

 Brazil

 2006 – Group stage

 Japan

1998 vs Morocco, Chile (2), Netherlands  2002 vs Turkey, China, Costa Rica (2), Belgium, Turkey, Germany (2)  2006 vs Japan

[117]

15

June 27, 2006

 2006 – Round of 16

 Ghana

June 21, 2014

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

 2014 – Group stage

 Ghana

2002 vs Saudi Arabia (3), Ireland, Cameroon  2006 vs Costa Rica (2), Ecuador (2), Argentina  2010 vs Australia, England, Argentina (2)

[118]

16

July 8, 2014

 2014 – Semi-final

 Brazil

text: Top goalscorers for each tournament[edit]

text:
Top goalscorers at each FIFA World Cup final tournament[119]

World Cup

Player

Team

Goals scored

Matches played

Golden Boot

Other FIFA Awards

 1930

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

8

4

 1934

Oldřich Nejedlý

 Czechoslovakia

5

4

 1938

Leônidas

 Brazil

7

5

 1950

Ademir

 Brazil

8

6

 1954

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

11

5

 1958

Just Fontaine

 France

13

6

 1962

Garrincha

 Brazil

4

6

Vavá

 Brazil

6

Leonel Sánchez

 Chile

6

Flórián Albert

 Hungary

4

Best Young Player

Valentin Ivanov

 Soviet Union

4

Dražan Jerković

 Yugoslavia

6

 1966

Eusébio

 Portugal

9

6

 1970

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

10

6

Best Young Player

 1974

Grzegorz Lato

 Poland

7

7

 1978

Mario Kempes

 Argentina

6

7

Golden Ball

 1982

Paolo Rossi

 Italy

6

7

Golden Ball

 1986

Gary Lineker

 England

6

5

 1990

Salvatore Schillaci

 Italy

6

7

Golden Ball

 1994

Hristo Stoichkov

 Bulgaria

6

7

Bronze Ball

Oleg Salenko

 Russia

3

 1998

Davor Šuker

 Croatia

6

7

Silver Ball

 2002

Ronaldo

 Brazil

8

7

Silver Ball

 2006

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

5

7

 2010

Thomas Müller

 Germany

5

6

Best Young Player

David Villa

 Spain

7

Silver Boot, Bronze Ball

Wesley Sneijder

 Netherlands

7

Bronze Boot, Silver Ball

Diego Forlán

 Uruguay

7

Golden Ball

 2014

James Rodríguez

 Colombia

6

5

 2018

Harry Kane

 England

6

6


document_title: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

question_text: what are the names of all the ninja turtles

text: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

text: History[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles first appeared in an American comic book published by Mirage Studios in 1984 in Dover, New Hampshire. The concept arose from a humorous drawing sketched out by Eastman during a casual evening of brainstorming and bad television with Laird.[3] Using money from a tax refund, together with a loan from Eastman’s uncle, the young artists self-published a single-issue comic intended to parody four of the most popular comics of the early 1980s: Marvel Comics’ Daredevil and New Mutants, Dave Sim’s Cerebus, and Frank Miller’s Ronin.[4] The TMNT comic book series has been published in various incarnations by various comic book companies since 1984.

text: The Turtles started their rise to mainstream success when a licensing agent, Mark Freedman, sought out Eastman and Laird to propose wider merchandising opportunities for the franchise. In 1986, Dark Horse Miniatures produced a set of 15-mm (approximately 0.6 inch) lead figurines. In January 1987, Eastman and Laird visited the offices of Playmates Toys, a small California toy company that wanted to expand into the action-figure market. Development was undertaken by a creative team of companies and individuals: Jerry Sachs, advertising agent of Sachs-Finley Agency, brought together the animators at Murakami-Wolf-Swenson headed by Fred Wolf. Wolf and his team combined concepts and ideas with the Playmates marketing crew, headed by Karl Aaronian, vice president (VP) of sales Richard Sallis, and VP of Playmates Bill Carlson.[5]

text: Aaronian brought on several designers and concepteur and writer John C. Schulte, and worked out the simple backstory that would live on toy packaging for the entire run of the product and show.[5] Sachs called the high concept pitch "Green Against Brick". The sense of humor was honed with the collaboration of the Murakami-Wolf-Swenson animation firm's writers. Playmates and their team essentially served as associate producers and contributing writers to the miniseries that was first launched to sell-in the toy action figures. Phrases like "Heroes in a half shell" and many of the comical catch phrases and battle cries ("Turtle power!") came from the writing and conceptualization of this creative team. As the series developed, veteran writer Jack Mendelsohn came on board as both a story editor and scriptwriter. David Wise, Michael Charles Hill, and Michael Reaves wrote most of the scripts.

text: The miniseries was repeated three times before it found an audience.[clarification needed] Once the product started selling, the show got syndicated and picked up and backed by Group W, which funded the next round of animation. The show then went network, on CBS. Accompanied by the popular Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 1987 TV series, and the subsequent action figure line, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles became a mainstream success. At the height of the frenzy, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Turtles' likenesses could be found on a wide range of children's merchandise, from Pez dispensers to skateboards, breakfast cereal, video games, school supplies, linens, towels, cameras, and toy shaving kits.

text: While the animated TV series, which lasted for 10 seasons until 1996, was more light-hearted, the comic-book series continued in a much darker and grittier tone. In 1990, a live-action feature film was released, with the Turtles and Splinter being portrayed by actors in partially animatronic suits created by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. The film became one of the most successful independent films and spawned two sequels, as well as inspiring a three-dimensional animated film set in the same continuity, which was released in 2007 under the title TMNT. After the end of the cartoon series, a live-action series in the vein of the films was created in 1997 in conjunction with Saban Entertainment. The series was called Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation and introduced a fifth, female turtle called Venus de Milo. However, the series was largely unsuccessful and was canceled after one season.

text: The property lay dormant until 2003, when a new animated TV series also entitled Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles began to air on Fox Box (4Kids TV). The series storyline stuck much closer to the original Mirage comic book series, but was still less violent. It lasted for seven seasons and 156 episodes, ending in February 2009.

text: On October 21, 2009, it was announced that cable channel Nickelodeon (a subsidiary of Viacom) had purchased all of Mirage's rights to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles property. Mirage retains the rights to publish 18 issues a year, though the future involvement of Mirage with the Turtles and the future of Mirage Studios itself is unknown.[6] Nickelodeon has developed a new CGI-animated TMNT television series and partnered with fellow Viacom company Paramount Pictures to bring a new TMNT movie to theaters. The TV show premiered on Nickelodeon on September 29, 2012.[7] The live-action film, produced by Platinum Dunes, Nickelodeon Movies, and Paramount Pictures, directed by Jonathan Liebesman, and produced by Michael Bay, was released on August 8, 2014.[8]

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Leonardo (Leo) – The tactical, courageous leader and devoted student of his sensei, Leonardo wears a blue mask and wields two katana. As the most conscientious of the four, he often bears the burden of responsibility for his brothers, which commonly leads to conflict with Raphael. Leonardo was named after the Italian polymath, painter, engineer, inventor, writer, anatomist, and sculptor, Leonardo da Vinci.
Michelangelo (Mikey) –  The most stereotypical teenager of the team, Michelangelo is a free-spirited, relaxed, and often goofy jokester, and known for his love of pizza. Michelangelo wears an orange mask and wields a pair of nunchucks. He provides the comic relief, though he still has an adventurous side. The least mature of the four Turtles, he shows characteristics of a "surfer" type and is often depicted with a Southern Californian accent. He is named after the Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer, Michelangelo. His name was originally misspelled "Michaelangelo" by Peter Laird and Kevin Eastman.[9]
Donatello (Donnie or Don) – The scientist, inventor, engineer, and technological genius, Donatello wears a purple mask and wields a bo staff. Donatello is perhaps the least violent turtle, preferring to use his knowledge to solve conflicts, but never hesitates to defend his brothers. He is named after the early Renaissance Italian artist and sculptor from Florence, Donatello.
Raphael (Raph) – The team's bad boy, Raphael wears a red mask and wields a pair of sai. He has an aggressive nature, and seldom hesitates to throw the first punch. He is often depicted with a very pronounced New York accent. His personality can be fierce and sarcastic, and oftentimes delivers deadpan humor. He is intensely loyal to his brothers and sensei. He is named after the Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance, Raphael.[9]
Splinter – The Turtles' sensei and adoptive father, Splinter is a Japanese mutant rat that learned the ways of ninjutsu from his owner and master, Hamato Yoshi. In the 1987 TV series, Archie Comics series, and the 2012 TV series, Splinter was Hamato Yoshi mutated into a humanoid rat. In the 2003 TV series, he was Hamato Yoshi's pet rat. He was mutated from a mysterious ooze from the TCRI building. In the IDW comics, he is Hamato Yoshi reincarnated as a mutated rat.
April O'Neil – A former lab assistant to the mad scientist Baxter Stockman, April is the plucky human companion of the Turtles. April first met the Turtles when they saved her from Baxter's Mouser robots. She embarks on many of the Turtles' adventures and aids them by doing the work in public that the Turtles cannot. In the 1987 TV series, Archie Comics series, the subsequent three films, and the 2014 film reboot, April was a television news reporter. In the 2007 CGI film (following the continuity from the original three films), Casey Jones and she work for a shipping firm. In the 2012 series, April is a teenager who is rescued by the TMNTs and later given some "crash courses" in being a ninja by Splinter.
Casey Jones – A vigilante who wears a hockey mask to protect his identity, Casey Jones has become one of the Turtles' closest allies, as well as a love interest to April. Casey first encountered the Turtles after having a fight with Raphael. He fights crime with an assortment of sporting goods he carries in a golf bag, such as baseball bats, golf clubs, and hockey sticks.
The Shredder – A villainous ninjutsu master called Oroku Saki, he is the leader of the Foot Clan, an evil ninja clan. In every incarnation of the TMNT franchise, he has been the archenemy of Splinter and the Turtles. The Shredder prefers to use his armor instead of weapons in some versions.
Foot Soldiers/Ninjas – The ninjas of the Foot Clan, working for the Shredder.
Karai – A female high-rank member of the Foot Clan, she has appeared in several different TMNT comics, cartoons, and films, as well as in multiple video games. In some incarnations of the character, she is closely related to Shredder as his adopted daughter or biological granddaughter. In most works, she shares an ambiguous rivalry with Leonardo, which occasionally even borders on romantic interest.

text: Comics[edit]

text: Mirage[edit]

text: Eastman and Laird's Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles premiered in May 1984, at a comic book convention held at a local Sheraton Hotel in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. It was published by Mirage Studios in an oversized magazine-style format using black and white artwork on cheap newsprint, limited to a print run of only 3,250 copies.[10] Through a clever media kit that included a press release in Comic Buyer's Guide #542 and a full-page ad placed in Comic Buyer's Guide #547, the public's interest was piqued and thus began the Turtle phenomenon. The small print runs made these early comics and trade magazines instant collector items, and within months, they were trading for over 50 times their cover price. The name "Mirage Studios" was chosen because of Eastman and Laird's lack of a professional art studio at the start of their career, before their creation made them both multimillionaires.

text: Mirage also published a bimonthly companion book entitled Tales of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, featuring art by Ryan Brown and Jim Lawson, which was designed to fill in the gaps of continuity in the TMNT universe. This put the original series and Tales in the same mainstream continuity, and the two are thus canon to each other. The title's first volume was from 1987–1989, released in alternating months with the regular Eastman and Laird book. All seven issues of volume one have been collected in trade paperback form twice, and 25 issues of volume two have been collected in trades of five issues each.

text: As the TMNT phenomenon proliferated to other media, Eastman and Laird found themselves administrating an international merchandising juggernaut. However, this prevented the two creators from participating in the day-to-day work of writing and illustrating a monthly comic book. So, many guest artists were invited to showcase their unique talents in the TMNT universe. The breadth of diversity found in the various short stories gave the series a disjointed, anthology-like feel. Fans stuck with the series, and what was originally intended as a one-shot became a continuing series that lasted for 129 issues, spanning four separate volumes (having 62, 13, 23, and 32 issues in the four distinct volumes).

text: In June 1996, Image Comics took over publishing the title in what is considered "volume 3" of the series. It was a slightly more action-oriented TMNT series and although notable for inflicting major physical changes on the main characters, Peter Laird, co-creator of the TMNT, has said this volume is no longer in canon as he began publishing volume 4 at Mirage Publishing. As an explanation, he offered in the pages of the volume 4 (issue #8) letter column: "It just didn't feel right." [11]

text: After taking back the series from Image Comics, Mirage Studios resumed publication of a fourth volume in December 2001, under the simple title TMNT. After the publication of issue number 28, writer Peter Laird placed the series on an eight-month hiatus to devote himself to production of the 2007 TMNT movie. However, after that eight months had passed, Mirage's official website went on to list the series as in "indefinite hiatus". In January 2008, Mirage had finally confirmed that the series would return in May 2008. Issues 29 and 30 had a limited printing of 1,000 copies each, and were available through the official TMNT website. Although the purchase agreement with Nickelodeon allows Laird to produce up to 18 comics a year set in the original Mirage continuity, no new material was released in the next few years. The latest issue of TMNT volume 4 was issue #32 which came out in print May 4, 2014, and online on May 9, 2014, almost 4 years after issue #31 was last released.

text: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures[edit]

text: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures was a comic-book series published from August 1988 to October 1995 by Archie Comics. The initial storylines were close adaptations of the 1987 TV series, but with the fifth issue, Eastman and Laird decided to hand the series over to Mirage Studios employees Ryan Brown and Stephen Murphy, who immediately abandoned the animated series adaptations and took the title in a decidedly different direction with all-new original adventures, including the uniting of several of the series' recurring characters as a separate team, the Mighty Mutanimals.

text: Dreamwave[edit]

text: A monthly comic inspired by the 2003 TV series was published by Dreamwave Productions from June to December 2003. It was written by Peter David and illustrated by LeSean Thomas. In the first four issues, which were the only ones directly adapted from the TV series, the story was told from the perspectives of April, Baxter, Casey, and a pair of New York City police officers.

text: IDW[edit]

text: In April 2011, IDW Publishing announced that they had acquired the license to publish new collections of Mirage storylines and a new ongoing series.[12] The first issue of the new series was released on August 24, 2011. Turtles co-creator Kevin Eastman and Tom Waltz write, with Eastman and Dan Duncan handling art chores.

text: Manga[edit]

text: The Turtles have appeared in several manga series.

text:
Mutant Turtles (ミュータント・タートルズ, Myūtanto Tātoruzu) is a 15-issue series by Tsutomu Oyamada, Zuki mora, and Yoshimi Hamada that simply adapted episodes of the original American animated series.
Super Turtles (スーパータートルズ Sūpā Tātoruzu) is a three-issue miniseries by Hidemasa Idemitsu, Tetsurō Kawade, and Toshio Kudō that featured the "TMNT Supermutants" Turtle toys that were on sale at the time. The first volume of the anime miniseries followed this storyline.
Mutant Turtles Gaiden (ミュータント・タートルズ外伝, Myūtanto Tātoruzu Gaiden) by Hiroshi Kanno is a reinterpretation of the Turtles story with no connection to the previous manga.
Mutant Turtles III (ミュータント・タートルズ３, Myūtanto Tātoruzu Tsuri) is Yasuhiko Hachino's adaptation of the third feature film.
Mutant Turtles '95 (ミュータント・タートルズ９５, Myūtanto Tātoruzu Kyūjūgo) is a 1995 series by Ogata Nobu which ran in Comic BomBom.
Mutant Turtles '96 (ミュータント・タートルズ９６, Myūtanto Tātoruzu Kyūjūroku) is a continuation of the 1995 series when it continued to run through 1996.

text: Comic strip[edit]

text: A daily comic strip written and illustrated by Dan Berger began in 1990. It featured an adventure story Monday through Friday and activity puzzles on weekends (with fan art appearing later). The comic strip was published in syndication until its cancellation in December 1996. At its highest point in popularity, it was published in over 250 newspapers.

text: Television series[edit]

text: First animated series (1987–1996)[edit]

text: When little-known Playmates Toys, Inc. was approached about producing a TMNTs action figure line, they were cautious of the risk and requested that a television deal be acquired first.[13][14] On December 28, 1987, the TMNT's first cartoon series began, starting as a five-part miniseries and becoming a regular Saturday-morning syndicated series on October 1, 1988, with 13 more episodes. The series was produced by Murakami-Wolf-Swenson Film Productions, Inc. (later Fred Wolf Films). Mirage Studios does not own the rights to this cartoon series. The show places a much stronger emphasis on humor than the comics do. Here, the Ninja Turtles are portrayed as four wise-cracking, pizza-obsessed superheroes that fight the forces of evil from their sewer hideout, and they make their first appearance in masks color-coded to each turtle, where previously they had all worn red.[15]

text: The cast included new and different characters, such as Bebop and Rocksteady and the Neutrinos. Original characters such as Splinter, Shredder, and the Foot Soldiers stayed true to the comics in appearance and alignment only. Instead of being Hamato Yoshi's mutated pet rat, Splinter was a mutated Hamato himself. The Foot Soldiers changed from human ninjas to an endless supply of robotic grunts, allowing large numbers of them to be destroyed without anyone dying (this was a very important decision in terms of the show's child audience; excessive violence would have alienated parents of children, the show's target demographic). Krang, one of the series' most memorable villains, was inspired by the design of the Utrom, a benign alien race from the Mirage comics. The animated Krang, however, was instead an evil warlord from Dimension X. Baxter Stockman, whose race was changed from black to white either due to apprehension toward depicting a villainous African American character in a children's cartoon or that for Shredder to boss around a black Stockman would be perceived as racist. Either way, Stockman was rewritten as a shy and meek lackey to Shredder, later mutating into an anthropomorphic housefly. During the final two seasons of the show, to combat the rising popularity of Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, the lead villain switched to Lord Dregg, an evil alien overlord bent on world conquest by trying to distract the public into believing that the Turtles were the enemy instead of himself.

text: Starting on September 25, 1989, the series was expanded to weekdays and it had 47 more episodes for the new season. There were 28 new syndicated episodes for season 4 and only 13 of those episodes aired in 1990. The "European Vacation" episodes were not seen in the United States until USA Network started showing reruns in late 1993 and the "Awesome Easter" episodes were not seen until 1991. These episodes were delayed because of animation or scheduling problems.[16] The turtles are also well known for their use of idiomatic expressions characteristic of the surfer lingo of the time, especially by Michelangelo. Words and phrases included "bummer", "dude", "bogus", "radical", "far-out", "tubuloso", "bodacious", and possibly the most recognized, "cowabunga".[17] On April 21, 1990, a drug-prevention television special was broadcast on ABC, NBC, and CBS named Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue that featured some of the most popular cartoons at the time; representing TMNT was Michelangelo, voiced by Townsend Coleman.

text: Starting on September 8, 1990 (with a different opening sequence), the show began its run on CBS. The CBS weekend edition ran for a full hour until 1994, initially airing a few Saturday-exclusive episodes back-to-back. Also, a brief "Turtle Tips" segment aired between the two episodes, which served as public-service announcement about the environment or other issues. After 1994, the show was reduced to just a half-hour and only eight episodes per season were produced, grouped into a "CBS Action Zone" block that also featured WildC.A.T.s. and Skeleton Warriors, both of which were canceled after one season; though TMNTs retained their "Action Zone" introduction. The two shows in the block were also produced by Fred Wolf Films. The series ran until November 2, 1996, when it aired its final episode. Its enormous popularity gave rise to its numerous imitators, including the Battletoads, Cheetahmen, Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa, Road Rovers, Street Sharks, Extreme Dinosaurs, and Biker Mice from Mars. Currently, all 193 episodes are available on DVD and VHS.

text: Original video animation[edit]

text: In addition to the American series, a Japan-exclusive two-episode anime original video animation (OVA) series was made in 1996, titled Mutant Turtles: Choujin Densetsu-hen. The OVA is similar in tone to the 1987 TV series and uses the same voices from TV Tokyo's Japanese dub of the 1987 TV series. The first episode was made to advertise the TMNT Supermutants toys. It featured the Turtles as superheroes, that gained costumes and superpowers with the use of Mutastones, while Shredder, Bebop and Rocksteady gained supervillain powers with the use of a Dark Mutastone. As with the Super Sentai and Power Rangers franchises, the four Turtles could combine to form the giant Turtle Saint. The second episode was created to advertise the Metal Mutants toys in which the characters gain Saint Seiya-esque mystical metal armor that can transform into beasts.

text: Live-action series (1997–1998)[edit]

text: In 1997–1998, the Turtles starred in a live-action television series called Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation that directly follows the events of the first three movies. A fifth turtle was introduced, a female named Venus de Milo, who was skilled in the mystical arts of the shinobi.[15] The series was intended as a loose continuation of the movie franchise, as Shredder had been defeated and the Ninja Turtles encountered new villains. Other connections to the feature films include the fact that Splinter's ear was cut, the Foot Soldiers were humans, and the Turtles lived in the abandoned subway station seen in the second and third movies. The Next Mutation Turtles made a guest appearance on Power Rangers in Space.[18] It was canceled after one season of 26 episodes.

text: Second animated series (2003–2009)[edit]

text: In 2003, a new TMNT series produced by 4Kids Entertainment began airing on the "FoxBox" (later renamed "4Kids TV") programming block. It later moved to "The CW4Kids" block. The series was co-produced by Mirage Studios,[19] and Mirage owned one-third of the rights to the series. Mirage's significant stake in creative control resulted in a cartoon that hews more closely to the original comics, creating a darker and edgier feel than the 1987 cartoon, but still remains lighthearted enough to be considered appropriate for children.

text: This series lasted until 2009, ending with a feature-length television movie titled Turtles Forever, which was produced in conjunction with the 25th anniversary of the TMNTs franchise and featured the Turtles of the 2003 series teaming up with their counterparts from the 1987 series. 4Kidstv.com featured all the episodes of the series, until September 2010, when Nickelodeon brought the series and air the series occasionally on Nicktoons and Nickelodeon normally during TMNTs marathons.

text: Third animated series (2012–2017)[edit]

text: Nickelodeon acquired the global rights to Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles from the Mirage Group and 4Kids Entertainment, Inc. and announced a new CGI-animated TMNT television series.[20][21][22] The 2012 version is characterized by anime-like iconography and emphasis on mutagen continuing to wreak havoc on the everyday lives of the Turtles and their enemies. The series ran for five seasons.

text: Fourth animated series (2018)[edit]

text: Nickelodeon announced a new 2D animated series based on the franchise titled Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, which will debut in Fall 2018.[23][24]

text: Feature films[edit]

text: The Turtles have appeared in six feature films. The first three are live-action features produced in the early 1990s: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Secret of the Ooze (1991), and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III (1993). The Turtles were played by various actors in costumes featuring animatronic heads, initially produced by Jim Henson's Creature Shop. The fourth film is a CGI-animated film titled simply TMNT and released in 2007.

text: A reboot, titled Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles produced by Platinum Dunes, Nickelodeon Movies, and Paramount Pictures, directed by Jonathan Liebesman, and produced by Michael Bay, was released on August 8, 2014.[8] A sequel, Out of the Shadows was released on June 3, 2016.[25]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: Among the first licensed products to feature the TMNT was a tabletop role-playing game titled Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles & Other Strangeness, published by Palladium Books in 1985, and featuring original comics and illustrations by Eastman and Laird. The game features a large list of animals, including elephants and sparrows, that are available as mutant player characters. Several more titles were in this genre, including Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures, Truckin' Turtles, Turtles Go Hollywood, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Guide to the Universe, and Transdimensional Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.

text: In 1986, Dark Horse Miniatures in Boise, Idaho, produced an attendant set of lead figurines; unlike later incarnations, the bandannas on the store's display set were painted all black before the multicolored versions were released to help younger readers distinguish between the four characters other than their weaponry. Palladium allowed the license to lapse in 2000, in part due to declining sales stemming from the "kiddification" of the animated and live-action incarnations to that point. However, Palladium's publisher, Kevin Siembieda, has indicated a potential willingness to revisit the license given the franchise's recent moves closer to its roots.[26]

text: Toys[edit]

text: During the run of the 1987 TV series, Playmates Toys produced hundreds of TMNT action figures, along with vehicles, playsets, and accessories, becoming one of the top collectibles for children.[27] Staff artists at Northampton, Massachusetts-based Mirage Studios provided conceptual designs for many of the figures, vehicles, and playsets and creator credit can be found in the legal text printed on the back of the toy packaging. In addition, Playmates produced a series of TMNTs/Star Trek crossover figures, due to Playmates holding the Star Trek action-figure license at the time. Playmates employed many design groups to develop looks and styles for the toy line, including Bloom Design, White Design, Pangea, Robinson-Clarke, and McHale Design. The marketing vice president of Playmates, Karl Aaronian, was largely responsible for assembling the talented team of designers and writers, which in turn, helped germinate continued interest in the toy line.

text: Never before in toy history did an action-figure line have such an impact for over two decades, generating billions of dollars in licensing revenue. The series was highly popular in the UK, where in the run-up to Christmas, the Army & Navy Store in London's Lewisham devoted its entire basement to everything Turtle, including games, videos, costumes, and other items. Playmates continue to produce TMNT action figures based on the 2003 animated series. The 2007 film TMNT also gave Playmates a new source from which to make figures, while National Entertainment Collectibles Association produced a series of high-quality action figures based on character designs from the original Mirage comics. In 2012, a new toy line and a new classic toy line from Playmates were announced to be released.[28]

text: Video games[edit]

text: The first console video game based on the franchise, titled Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, was released for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) by Konami under their "Ultra Games" label in 1989 and later ported to home computers and eventually for the Wii on the Virtual Console. Also released by Konami in 1989 was an arcade game, also titled simply Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, later ported to the NES as Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: The Arcade Game, leading to an NES-only sequel, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III: The Manhattan Project, which used the look of the arcade game, as opposed to the first NES game. The next Turtles game, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Turtles in Time, was released in 1991 as an arcade game, and was later ported to the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (Super NES) in 1992. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: The Hyperstone Heist was also created for the Sega Genesis in the same year, and used many of the art assets from TMNT IV. There was also a trilogy of TMNT video games for the original Game Boy system made by Konami, consisting of: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Fall of the Foot Clan, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles II: Back from the Sewers, and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III: Radical Rescue. As the video game series progressed, and the Ninja Turtles' popularity began to decline in the mid-1990s, the video games changed direction. Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Tournament Fighters was released as a set of one-on-one fighting game similar to the Street Fighter series; versions were released for the NES, SNES, and Genesis, each a distinct game.

text: Konami also acquired the license to adapt the 2003 TV series into a video game franchise, resulting in a new series of games with 3D gameplay inspired by the old TMNT beat 'em up games, consisting of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 video game), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 2: Battle Nexus, and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles 3: Mutant Nightmare.

text: In 2006, Ubisoft acquired the rights for TMNT games, beginning with a game based on the 2007 animated feature film, along with a distinct game for the Game Boy Advance similar in style to the Konami arcade games.[29][30] A beat 'em up game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Arcade Attack was released for the Nintendo DS in 2009, to coincide with the series' 25th anniversary.[31] In 2013, Activision released the downloadable game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows, based on the 2012 TV series and developed by Red Fly Studio for the Xbox Live Arcade, PlayStation Network and Steam.[32]

text: On January 25, 2016, Activision and PlatinumGames announced Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Mutants in Manhattan for the PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3, Xbox One, Xbox 360, and PC. The game is described as a third-person, team-based brawler. The campaign will be playable either single-player or co-op and will have an original story written by Tom Waltz, IDW comic writer and editor. The art style is based on long time TMNT comic artist Mateus Santolouco.[33]

text: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Legends, a Free to play Role-playing video game has been released by Ludia in summer 2016 for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Kindle Fire. It is based on the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012 TV series).

text: The Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles are set to appear as playable characters in the DC Comics fighting game Injustice 2 as a part of the "Fighter Pack 3" downloadable content.

text: In other media[edit]

text: Tabletop role playing game[edit]

text: In 1985, Palladium Books published Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles & Other Strangeness.[34] This was a stand-alone game, as well as acting as an expansion for their game Rifts. The game used many key mechanics from the Palladium system. The game itself is limited to which martial arts are available, but a separate book, Ninjas and Superspies,[35] increased the amount available to a choice of 41 martial arts styles. Examples of animals created are included in the appendices as potential antagonists, including the Terror Bears, Caesers Weasels, and Sparrow Eagles, as well as including stats for the Turtles and other characters.

text: Food tie-ins[edit]

text: During the height of their popularity, the Turtles had a number of food tie-ins.[36] Among the most notable of these products was Ninja Turtles Cereal, produced by Ralston-Purina as a kind of "Chex with TMNT-themed marshmallows" which also came with a small pouch of Pizza Crunchabungas, pizza-flavored corn snacks in the shape of pizzas (the commercial starred the Ninja Turtles as Will Vinton-created claymations); Hostess Ninja Turtles Pudding Pies, featuring a green sugar crust and vanilla pudding inside; and Royal OOZE Gelatin Desserts, distributed by Nabisco under "Royal Gelatin" in three different flavors: orange, strawberry, and lime. Shreddies used to give out TMNT toys in their boxes when the cereal advertising was still geared toward children. One example of a TMNT prize was rings featuring a character on the cartoon (1992). There was also green Ninja Turtle ice cream with different toppings according to which turtle flavor one ordered. Chef Boyardee also released a canned pasta with the pasta in the shapes of the four turtles.[37]

text: Concert tour[edit]

text: To capitalize on the Turtles' popularity, a concert tour was held in 1990, premiering at Radio City Music Hall on August 17.[38][39] The "Coming Out of Their Shells" tour featured live-action turtles playing music as a band (Donatello, keyboards; Leonardo, bass guitar; Raphael, drums and sax; Michelangelo, guitar) on stage around a familiar plotline: April O'Neil is kidnapped by the Shredder, and the turtles have to rescue her.[40] The story had a very Bill-n'-Ted-esque feel, with its theme of the power of rock n' roll literally defeating the enemy, in the form of the Shredder (who only rapped about how he hates music) trying to eliminate all music. A pay-per-view special highlighting the concert was shown, and a studio album was also released.[41] The track listing is as follows:

text:
"Coming Out of Our Shells!"
"Sing About It"
"Tubin'"
"Skipping Stones"
"Pizza Power"
"Walk Straight"
"No Treaties"
"Cowabunga"
"April Ballad"
"Count on Us"

text: Since the tour was sponsored by Pizza Hut in real life, many references are made to their pizza. Empty Pizza Hut boxes are seen onscreen in the "Behind the Shells" VHS. As part of a cross-marketing strategy, Pizza Hut restaurants gave away posters, audio cassettes of "Coming Out of Their Shells", and "Official Tour Guides" as premiums. The original show of the tour was released on video with a making of video also released. The song "Pizza Power" was later used by Konami for the second arcade game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Turtles in Time.

text: At the Disney-MGM Studios theme park[edit]

text: On June 30, 1990, the TMNT appeared in the "New York Street" section of Disney-MGM Studios theme park in Orlando. Emerging from their Turtle Party Wagon, they would "ninja dance" across the stage while April performed the theme song to the show. After the main show was done, they posed for pictures and signed autographs. The Turtles also made appearances in Disney's Very Merry Christmas Parade to sing their own rendition of "Santa Claus is Coming to Town". They also appeared during the Easter parade dancing to their single "Pizza Power!" The Turtles' live shows and appearances ceased production in 1996.

text: Parodies[edit]

text: Although the TMNT had originated as something of a parody, the comic's explosive success led to a wave of small-press, black and white comic parodies of TMNT itself, including Adolescent Radioactive Black Belt Hamsters, Pre-Teen Dirty-Gene Kung Fu Kangaroos, and a host of others. Dark Horse Comics' Boris the Bear was launched in response to these TMNT clones; its first issue was titled "Boris the Bear Slaughters the Teenage Radioactive Black Belt Mutant Ninja Critters". Once the Turtles broke into the mainstream, parodies also proliferated in other media, such as in satire magazines Cracked and Mad magazine and numerous TV series of the period. The satirical British television series Spitting Image featured a recurring sketch "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turds".[42]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Departure from origins[edit]

text: The Turtles engaged in a greater amount of overt violence in the pages of the early Mirage comic book series by Eastman and Laird. As the TMNT were introduced into the mainstream, they were radically redesigned. In issue #19 of Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, the creators published an editorial addressing any possible concerns of readers as a result of this. It stated, in part: "We've allowed the wacky side to happen, and enjoy it very much. All the while, though, we've kept the originals very much ours – forty pages of what we enjoy and want to see in our books, whether it comes from our own hands or from those of the talented people we work with."[43] In the film Turtles Forever, the original Mirage Turtles refer to their descendants as "sell-outs", in reference to their colorful accessories (the originals are conveyed in black and white).

text: Teenage Mutant "Hero" Turtles [edit]

text: Upon TMNT's first arrival in the United Kingdom and Ireland the name was changed to "Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles" (or TMHT, for short), since local censorship policies deemed the word ninja to have excessively violent connotations for a children's program (in Ireland, however, the first season aired as "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" before the change to "Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles").[44] Consequently, everything related to the Turtles (comic books, video games, toys, etc.) had to be renamed before being released in these nations, as well as in the German-speaking countries.

text: The lyrics were also changed, such as changing "Splinter taught them to be ninja teens" to "Splinter taught them to be fighting teens". The policies also had other effects, such as editing out use of Michelangelo's nunchaku (which were at the time banned by James Ferman, chairman of the BBFC, from appearing in films and generally toning down the usage of all the turtles' weapons.[45] To head this problem off, the showrunners elected to remove Michelangelo's nunchaku entirely during season three, replacing them with a grappling hook called the "Turtle Line" that served as Mikey's signature weapon for the rest of the show's run.[3]

text: In Italy, Spain and Portugal, they kept Michelangelo's nunchaku but the "TMHT" logo could be seen in the intro, as it was not edited to reflect the title in each of those translations. In Spain the cartoon was originally aired in regional TV channels and thus had different dubs in addition to Castillian: Galician and Catalan;[citation needed] in the Galician version, the title As Tartarugas Mutantes ("The Mutant Turtles") was used. The Italian and European Portuguese dubs also had few edits.

text: However, when the live-action movie came out in 1990, the Ninja of the title was kept even in the UK. In time, nunchaku scenes were retained in previously-censored movies such as those of Bruce Lee. The same went for the PAL releases of the early video games, which had Michelangelo's weapon of choice fully visible and usable. By the time of the 2003 TV series, these censorship policies had been abolished, and no changes have occurred in the content of the show. The name "Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles" remained unchanged for the 2003 TV series. As a result, in the UK, the 1987 TV series is still called Teenage Mutant Hero Turtles and the 2003 TV series is called Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. In 2009, Lionsgate Home Entertainment released the 25th Anniversary Collectors Edition on Region 2 DVD in the UK. This 3-Disc set contains all the episodes of Seasons 1 and 2 and 4 episodes from the final season, as well as a 1-Disc DVD with the first few episodes of Season 1. This release features the original, unedited episodes under the "Ninja Turtles" title, and also marks the first time the show has been released and left uncensored in the UK.[citation needed]

text: Ownership rights[edit]

text: Due to various movie and television deals, the various TMNT films and television series have split between various companies, with Mirage Studios having retained copyright and trademark until October 19, 2009, at which point the rights for the entire TMNT franchise were sold by co-creator Peter Laird to Nickelodeon.[46]

text: Television[edit]

text: The original animated series (1987–1996) was produced by Fred Wolf Films Dublin (as Murakami Wolf Swenson (MWS) and Murakami Wolf Dublin (MWD) during earlier seasons), and syndicated by Group W. The series itself is owned by Wolf Films, with home entertainment rights residing with Lions Gate Entertainment, and until recently, syndication rights belonged to Nickelodeon's former corporate sibling CBS Television Distribution.[citation needed] The initial five-part miniseries (retroactively considered the first season) was copyrighted by Playmates Toys, although their rights to those episodes were bought out by Fred Wolf Films.

text: Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation was produced by Saban Entertainment, and as of September 2011, is owned and distributed by Saban Brands.[47][48][49]

text: The second animated series (2003–2009) was a co-production between Mirage Studios and 4Kids Entertainment. Nickelodeon's October 19, 2009 buyout of the TMNT franchise included an approximate $9.75 million payment to 4Kids to terminate its right to serve as the merchandise licensing agent prior to the scheduled expiration of the representation agreement in 2012.[7][50] Due to the buyout, all future TMNT film and television series rights are owned by Nickelodeon.[46] Nickelodeon also gained the rights to the 2003 series after terminating 4Kids' contract.

text: Films[edit]

text: The first three TMNT live-action films were produced by Golden Harvest, with New Line Cinema (now a sister company of Warner Bros. Entertainment) distributing the films in the United States, with 20th Century Fox distributing the second and third films in most other territories. The first two films were copyrighted by the UK-based Northshore Investments. The third film was copyrighted by Clearwater Holdings. The fourth film was produced by Imagi Animation Studios, and released by Warner Bros. Entertainment in association with the Weinstein Company.

text: Michael Bay produced a feature film directed by Jonathan Liebesman simply titled Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, and was released on August 8, 2014. A sequel, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of the Shadows, was released on June 3, 2016, with Megan Fox and Will Arnett reprising their roles and debuting Stephen Amell as Casey Jones. Dave Green replaced Liebesman as the director.

text: Comic books[edit]

text: Initially, Mirage allowed employees and freelancers to retain the rights to characters they created for the TMNT Universe but had never licensed for media and merchandise outside comic books. Eventually, due to the difficulty of keeping track of everyone's rights, Mirage made TMNT character creators sign retroactive work-for-hire contracts. One creator who did not sign over the rights to his TMNT work was Swamp Thing veteran Rick Veitch.[51]