document_title: River Song (Doctor Who)

question_text: when did the doctor give river her diary

text: River Song (Doctor Who)

text: Appearances[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text: River Song first appears in the Doctor Who 2008 series two-parter "Silence in the Library"/"Forest of the Dead" (written by Steven Moffat) during the Russell T Davies era of Doctor Who. Here, she encounters the Tenth Doctor (David Tennant) in the 52nd century and, though he has never met her, claims to be someone he will come to trust completely. River, who is a professor of archaeology and carries a TARDIS-colour/pattern diary of her adventures, is able to convince the Doctor of his future trust in her by whispering his real name into his ear; which he explains he would only divulge under rare circumstances. In the second of the two episodes she sacrifices herself to save the people who were trapped in the Library's database, knocking out the Doctor before he can do the same. In turn, he is able to upload a copy of her consciousness into a computer, allowing her to live on in a virtual world with the archaeological team she was with in the Library. He achieves this via the use of a sonic screwdriver given to her by his future self.

text: After Moffat took over from Davies as executive producer of the show, River Song reappeared in the 2010 series. In the two-parter "The Time of Angels"/"Flesh and Stone", which takes place prior to River becoming a professor, she encounters the Eleventh Doctor (Matt Smith), with whom she is more familiar. She leaves coordinates for the Doctor so that he may rescue her in the 52nd century, and together they investigate the crash of the spaceship Byzantium. She shows herself to be more adept at flying the TARDIS than he is and reveals to the Doctor that she is imprisoned in the "Stormcage Containment Facility" for killing "the best man I've ever known." An earlier version of River appears to assist the Doctor in the series finale "The Pandorica Opens"/"The Big Bang". After being contacted by Winston Churchill (Ian McNeice), River leads the Doctor to 102 A.D. While River is travelling in the TARDIS on her own, it explodes with her inside. The Doctor, using River's vortex manipulator, teleports her out. After the Doctor erases himself from history by flying the Pandorica into the exploding TARDIS in order to close the cracks in the universe, River helps Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) to remember the Doctor and bring him back, by giving Amy her now-blank diary. At the close of the series finale, River ambiguously suggests to the Doctor that they might be married and tells him that he will soon learn the truth about her, after which "everything changes".

text: In 2011 series opener "The Impossible Astronaut"/"Day of the Moon", River, along with Amy and her husband Rory (Arthur Darvill), is contacted by a future version of the Doctor to meet up in the United States. As they enjoy a lakeside picnic, the Doctor is killed by an assailant in a space suit, and the trio give him a Viking funeral, in Lake Silencio. In 1969, the present Doctor and company subsequently encounter a little girl (Sydney Wade) who wears the space suit, which River tells the Doctor is a life support unit; the suit has been designed by the hypnotic aliens known as the Silence. Homeless, the girl is later shown regenerating in New York City, 1970. In "A Good Man Goes to War", it is revealed that River is Amy and Rory's daughter Melody (Harrison and Maddison Mortimer[4]), who was conceived in the TARDIS while it was in the Time Vortex and consequently carries Time Lord DNA; the name River Song comes from a recursive translation of Melody Pond via the language of the Gamma Forests; which have no ponds, only rivers; hence the translation of "Pond" to "River." Baby Melody is kidnapped by Madame Kovarian (Frances Barber) to become a weapon against the Doctor.[5]

text: "Let's Kill Hitler" establishes that Melody was trained by the Silence to kill the Doctor. At some point after regenerating in New York, Melody becomes Rory and Amy's childhood friend Mels (Maya Glace-Green) and grew up with them. When adult Mels (Nina Toussaint-White) is shot, and regenerates into her next incarnation (Alex Kingston), she proceeds to do what she was created for: assassinate the Doctor. Persuaded she will one day become River Song, who the Doctor cares deeply about and places in great trust, Melody chooses to resurrect the Doctor with her own regenerative energy, losing any future regenerations. The Doctor learns, however, that it is she who kills him in the future. While she is recovering in bed,the Doctor gives her the blank TARDIS-shaped/coloured diary, and in an epilogue it is revealed that Melody (now River) wants to study archaeology. At the end of "Closing Time", on the day she receives her doctorate, the Silence and Kovarian recapture her and trap her in the space suit in order to kill the Doctor as history will record. In the series finale "The Wedding of River Song", River refuses to kill the Doctor as she is supposed to, creating an alternate reality in which time has frozen and all realities are occurring at once. In order to restart time and repair reality, the two of them must touch. The Doctor marries River and convinces her to repair the timeline by letting her know that he plans to fake his own death and how. River goes to prison for his murder in order to corroborate the deception, though it is established that she regularly breaks out of prison to go on dates and adventures with him with the aid of hallucinogenic lipstick and other tricks.

text: River appears again in the fifth episode of the seventh series, titled "The Angels Take Manhattan" (2012), where she encounters the Doctor and her parents; Rory and Amy, in 1930s New York City. At this later point in her timeline, she is a professor of archaeology and a free woman, having been released from the Stormcage Prison after the Doctor erased all evidence of his existence. When her parents are sent permanently back in time by the Weeping Angels, to be forever parted from the Doctor, she arranges for Amy to leave the Doctor a message in the form of an epilogue in a book they have been reading written by her in the 1930s. Although she agrees to travel with the Doctor for the time being, she declines his offer of being a full-time companion. In "The Name of the Doctor" (2013), the deceased River's consciousness is summoned from the Library computer, where she has existed since "Forest of the Dead", into a psychic 'conference call' by the Doctor's friend Madame Vastra (Neve McIntosh). There, she and Clara (Jenna Coleman) learn that the Doctor's grave, "his greatest secret", has been discovered. River maintains the psychic link with Clara after the call ends, and counsels her throughout the discovery of the Doctor's tomb, although she seems to be invisible to everyone else. When the Doctor and his companions are threatened by the Great Intelligence, she whispers the Doctor's name in order to open his tomb which is inside the TARDIS. After Clara enters the Doctor's time stream to save him from the Great Intelligence, who entered it first so he could destroy the Doctor in all his regenerations, the Doctor reveals that he could see River all along, but had been avoiding confronting her continued existence because it was too painful for him to bear. After he kisses her, River feels closure and fades away. However, before disappearing River points out that her continued presence indicates that Clara has not been destroyed by entering his time stream; and therefore, he can save her.

text: When the Doctor next encounters River, in "The Husbands of River Song" (2015), as the Twelfth Doctor (Peter Capaldi), she does not initially recognise him and he is able to learn more about what she is like when he is not around. The Doctor accompanies River (from her perspective, shortly after "The Angels Take Manhattan") on a scheme to obtain a rare diamond. He learns that in addition to him, River has had several spouses, both male and female, and is not above ruthless behaviour as she goes about her work. He also discovers that she truly loves him, but that she also genuinely believes that he does not love her back. She feels that the Doctor is above such petty emotions as love, and that he would never willingly jeopardise himself simply to help her. River ultimately discovers that the man she's been having this adventure with is actually the Doctor, with a new face she doesn't have a record of, thinking he only had 12 regenerations and that she'd already seen his last one. The pair later crash-land on the planet Darillium, where River had told the Doctor in "Forest of the Dead" that they would have their last night together. He uses time travel to ensure a perfect date, gifts her the sonic screwdriver that she had in "Silence in the Library", and comforts her by revealing that the nights on Darillium last "24 years", giving River a happy life spent with the Doctor before her impending death in the Library.

text: In 2017 series opener "The Pilot", a photograph of River is seen on the Doctor's desk in a university where he is lecturing in, beside a photograph of his granddaughter Susan Foreman. River is also referenced in the episode "Extremis", and it is revealed that she ordered her employee Nardole (Matt Lucas) to keep an eye on the Doctor for her in the event of her death.

text: Other media[edit]

text: Coinciding with the 2010 series, Alex Kingston portrays River Song narrating the "Monster Files" on the BBC website, an in-universe documentary account of Doctor Who monsters.[6] This series had previously (in 2008-09) been narrated by John Barrowman in character as Captain Jack Harkness.

text: Included with the series six DVD release, the exclusive-to-DVD bonus five-part serial Night and the Doctor (2011) references River throughout, with River appearing in the mini-episodes "First Night" and "Last Night". The serial helps explain the depth of the relationship shared by River and the Doctor – despite only appearing in 15 (14 plus one flashback, as of 2016) episodes of the television series – when Amy Pond discovers that the Doctor goes on dates with River when Amy and Rory sleep at night in the TARDIS. During the serial, the Doctor attempts to take River on a date shortly after she is imprisoned in Stormcage, but their time in the TARDIS is interrupted by two future incarnations of River, and all are in turn suspicious of the signs of "another woman" being aboard the TARDIS. The Doctor is able to be rid of the two future Rivers, but not before learning from his future self that one of them is shortly to die in the Library adventure where he first met her. (It is later revealed in "The Husbands of River Song" that the Eleventh Doctor ultimately cancelled this date, and it is the Twelfth Doctor who ends up taking River to the Singing Towers.)

text: River appears in a further direct-to-DVD mini-episode included with the series 7 box set, "Rain Gods".

text: River, alongside Smith's Eleventh Doctor, is one of two main playable characters in the PlayStation 3 Doctor Who console game The Eternity Clock. Kingston provided voice acting and motion capture physical acting for the character. In regard to River's role in the narrative of the game, the game's producer Simon Harris explains that she "realises that what’s in her diary is not what she wrote and that actually the Eternity Clock is playing with her history, as well as the Earth’s history."[7]

text: Author Gary Russell had planned to use River in the Twelfth Doctor novel The Big Bang Generation, but when he was unable to get permission to use her due to Steven Moffat planning on the 2015 Christmas special "The Husbands of River Song" being the Twelfth Doctor and River's first meeting, Moffat suggested that Russell write the story to incorporate the Seventh Doctor's former companion Bernice Summerfield instead.[8]

text: On 27 June 2015, it was announced that River Song will feature in two Big Finish dramas, Doom Coalition 2 and The Diary of River Song, alongside Paul McGann.[9] As a result, River Song becomes the first major character of the 2005–present modern era of Doctor Who to be featured in a Big Finish production (prior to 2015, the company had been restricted to only using characters from the original 1963-1989 series, plus McGann's Eighth Doctor from the 1996 Doctor Who TV movie). She also appeared in Doom Coalition 3 alongside the Eighth Doctor. It was announced in early 2016 that The Diary of River Song would return for a second series in 2017, this time Kingston would be appearing alongside Colin Baker and Sylvester McCoy as the Sixth and Seventh Doctors. This box set was released early on Christmas Day 2016. [10]

text: Characterisation[edit]

text: Casting[edit]

text: For the role of River Song, whom executive producer Russell T Davies described as "sort of the Doctor's wife", the production sought to cast Kate Winslet.[11] One of Winslet's first acting roles was in the BBC1 teen drama Dark Season, written by Davies. The role of River Song eventually went to Alex Kingston, known for starring in the popular US drama ER. On Kingston's casting, Davies said, "I bloody love her!"[12] Kingston had been a fan of Doctor Who as a child.[13] Kingston, when first cast, did not expect her role to be recurring. She later learned that Moffat had always intended for Song to come back for return appearances.[14] Kingston enjoys getting to play an unusual action hero female role, and praises the show for its variety of settings and opportunities "to relive one's childhood fantasies" playing with laser guns and wearing varied costumes from one appearance to the next.[13] With regard to having to speak complicated dialogue, she said, "I'd work with a medical consultant on ER, who'd explain what we were saying, so I'd say it with a purpose and a truth. On Doctor Who, I've no idea what some of my lines mean!"[15]

text: Discussing her role alongside Tennant and Catherine Tate (Donna Noble) in her 2008 introductory episode, Kingston said, "We just clicked. I've done guest roles on other shows, but rarely have I felt such a warm bond."[16] About working with Kingston, Catherine Tate said, "I'm a huge ER fan. When you hold people in awe, it's almost a disappointment when they come in and they're utterly normal. But Alex isn't disappointing at all. She's such a lovely person." David Tennant was quoted as saying, "Alex is terrific. When she's telling you stories about hanging out with George Clooney, you know she's pretty cool."[15]

text: Conception and development[edit]

text: The character was originally created purely for the plot of "Silence in the Library". Moffat knew that the team of archaeologists would have to trust the Doctor, but the Doctor's psychic paper could not explain and convince the team why he had appeared in a sealed-off library. Therefore, Moffat intended for the Doctor to know one of the archaeologists, but decided that idea was "dull" and instead decided to have one of them know him.[17] When Kingston returned to the show, Moffat explained to her some details about her character's back-story, knowledge which Smith, Gillan and Darvill did not receive until later. Kingston relates that she knows her character cannot be killed off because we saw her death in her introductory episode; each subsequent appearance is set at a different point in her character's personal history.[13] Moffat had planned out that River was Amy and Rory's daughter for "a long time" and used "Pond" as Amy's last name to create a link between the two.[18] For the filming of the sixth series, Kingston was aware of River Song's relationship to Amy and Rory, while the other cast only found out upon reading of the mid-season cliffhanger script for "A Good Man Goes to War".[19]

text: Moffat was influenced by Audrey Niffenegger's science fiction romance novel The Time Traveler's Wife, which depicts a woman who romances and marries a man who unintentionally moves through time. Niffenegger's lovers experience an asynchronous and tragic love story. He comments, "I've quite purposefully used it", though he cites his 2006 episode "The Girl in the Fireplace" as the episode which most prominently explores the book's themes in addition to its conceit.[20] Kingston herself compares the character to Niffenegger's titular Time Traveler's Wife, and like Moffat enjoys "backtracking" more and more with the character as the series progresses. The tragedy for Song highlighted by "The Impossible Astronaut"/"Day of the Moon" is that she is progressing to a point where the Doctor will not know or trust her any more.[14] Kingston comments,

text: [What] Steven explained to me is that every time River sort of finds the Doctor, for whatever reason, she's never 100 percent sure which Doctor it is she's going to be meeting. And what they have already experienced together or not. So even when I come back, every time I meet Matt, I never quite know where we are in our relationship or what we have revealed or what we know about each other. Because time travel isn't linear.[13]

text: Kingston describes the character as being "like a female Indiana Jones" with regard to both characters being archaeologists and having action hero qualities. She also took inspiration from Sigourney Weaver's portrayal of Ellen Ripley in the Alien film franchise commenting that she'd always been "so envious of her for having that kind of role."[21] Kingston has also praised the way the love story between River and the Doctor has been deftly handled, stating that "I'm not sure you'd get that kind of dynamic in America". For Kingston, the physical age difference between herself and Matt Smith adds to the success of the pairing, whilst she feels that viewers have responded warmly to the notion of an action hero in her 40s.[22] Matt Smith has noted that in his characterisation of the Doctor that "River Song frightens the Doctor but he finds himself strangely attracted to her" and that "what makes her a great companion is that when she turns up all hell breaks loose!".[23]

text: River's characterisation has invited parallels with that of Jack Harkness (John Barrowman), a companion of the Ninth and Tenth Doctors introduced by Steven Moffat in 2005. According to Moffat in the Doctor Who Confidential episode accompanying "Forest of the Dead", River's blaster gun is the one previously owned by Jack in the 2005 series of Doctor Who.[24] Upon River's return in series five, Lyle Masaki of AfterElton felt that viewers had the chance to see the character "do her best to channel Captain Jack" by capturing the same "'charming rogue' vibe".[25] In May 2012 Moffat stated that River, like Jack, is bisexual. Heather Hogan, a senior editor of AfterEllen felt that Moffat's ability to create "fascinating, complicated characters like... River Song" is a direct consequence of him abiding by "Captain Jack's label-eschewing motto": "You people and your quaint little categories".[26] James Cornish of WhatCulture subsequently cited River's characterisation in a rebuke against claims of misogyny and homophobia in Moffat's writing. He described her as "a more sexual, trigger happy version of the Doctor" and "the strongest female character seen on Doctor Who for a quite a while".[27]

text: Reception[edit]

text: An article published in Metro, entitled "Doctor Who fans love River Song...", noted how praise from fans on Twitter after the airing of "Day of the Moon" focused heavily on Song.[28] In 2011, Laura Pledger of Radio Times listed Kingston as the fourth best Doctor Who guest star, writing, "For my money we’ve seen rather too much of River in the last two series, but there’s no denying Kingston has created a memorable character in Melody Pond."[29] Keith Phipps for The A.V. Club compared the Doctor and River's romantic storyline to The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, based on the F. Scott Fitzgerald short story, "if a bit more elegantly, for my money—it echoes the plight of anyone who's watched a loved one fade into the shadowlands of dementia. This is not a story that ends well for River and she knows it, whatever flirtatious high spirits being around The Doctor stirs in her."[30] Emily Nussbaum of The New Yorker felt the character to be the Doctor's "soul mate" and described Alex Kingston as "badass".[31]

text: Neela Debnath of The Independent praised Nina Toussaint-White in her role as Mels, saying she was "every bit as sassy and vivacious as her later incarnation... it was a shame that she regenerated so early on because she brought a different energy to the character".[32] However, Neil McCormick in The Daily Telegraph thought that her sudden introduction as Rory and Amy's childhood friend showed that Moffat was making it up as he went along.[33] Charlie Jane Anders of io9 felt that River Song was at her "high point" in some of the early Matt Smith episodes, where she was "generally badass and mysterious". However, with "The Wedding of River Song", Anders felt she had lost her mystery and independence, and her love for the Doctor was unrealistic.[34]

text: Whilst critical of the typical characterisation of British female science fiction characters, The Guardian's Krystina Nellis singles out River Song alongside Torchwood's Gwen Cooper (Eve Myles) as positive depictions of strong female characters, stating: "It'd be difficult to find two superwomen in less need of a man to save them."[35] For her role as River Song in the 2011 series of Doctor Who, Alex Kingston won the Best Actress prize at the 2012 SFX magazine Awards.[36] In a 2012 poll conducted by SFX magazine to find the 100 sexiest female characters in science fiction and fantasy, River was voted number 22.[37] She was also included in AfterEllen.com's Top 50 Favorite Female TV Characters, at number 44.[38] Character Options have also released official toys based on River Song as part of their Doctor Who range.[39] Upon being notified of her own action figure, Kingston stated she did not "quite believe it" as "you don't get that on ER."[16]


document_title: FIFA World Cup hosts

question_text: what year was the world cup in america

question_tokens: what year was the world cup in america

root

text: FIFA World Cup hosts

text: List of hosts[edit]

text:
Year

Host

Continent

Winner

1930
 Uruguay

South America

 Uruguay

1934
 Italy

Europe

 Italy

1938
 France

Europe

 Italy

1942

Cancelled because of World War II *1

1946

Cancelled because of World War II

1950
 Brazil

South America

 Uruguay

1954
  Switzerland

Europe

 Germany

1958
 Sweden

Europe

 Brazil

1962
 Chile

South America

 Brazil

1966
 England

Europe

 England

1970
 Mexico

North America

 Brazil

1974
 Germany

Europe

 Germany

1978
 Argentina

South America

 Argentina

1982
 Spain

Europe

 Italy

1986
 Mexico

North America

 Argentina

1990
 Italy

Europe

 Germany

1994
 United States

North America

 Brazil

1998
 France

Europe

 France

2002
 Japan South Korea

Asia

 Brazil

2006
 Germany

Europe

 Italy

2010
 South Africa

Africa

 Spain

2014
 Brazil

South America

 Germany

2018
 Russia

Europe

 France

2022
 Qatar

Asia

2026
 Canada Mexico  United States

North America

2030
TBD

2034
TBD

tag: table

text: 1. In 1942, Germany was expected to be the host country, but because of the World War II, the World Cup was cancelled.

tag: ul

text: Results of hosts[edit]

text: Except 1934, host nations are granted an automatic spot in the World Cup group stages. The first host ever to fail to advance past the first round was South Africa in 2010.  denotes the best result in the team's history,  - the best result at the time of the competition (improved later).

tag: p

text:
No.

Year

Host nation

Finish

1

1930

 Uruguay

Champions

2

1934

 Italy

Champions

3

1938

 France

Quarter-final‡

—

1942

 Germany (expected)

Tournament is canceled due to World War II

—

1946

Tournament canceled, during the World War II

4

1950

 Brazil

Runners-up

5

1954

  Switzerland

Quarter-final†

6

1958

 Sweden

Runners-up

7

1962

 Chile

Third place

8

1966

 England

Champions

9

1970

 Mexico

Quarter-final†

10

1974

 West Germany

Champions

11

1978

 Argentina

Champions

12

1982

 Spain

Round 2 (Top 12)  (Format was different from other cups.)

13

1986

 Mexico

Quarter-final†

14

1990

 Italy

Third place

15

1994

 United States

Round of 16

16

1998

 France

Champions

17

2002

 South Korea

Fourth place

 Japan

Round of 16†

18

2006

 Germany

Third place

19

2010

 South Africa

Group stage

20

2014

 Brazil

Fourth place

21

2018

 Russia

Quarter-final

22

2022

 Qatar

TBD[note 1]

23

2026

 Canada

TBD

 Mexico

TBD

 United States

TBD

text: 1930 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Hungary
 Italy
 Netherlands
 Spain
 Sweden
 Uruguay

text: Before the FIFA Congress could vote on the first-ever World Cup host, a series of withdrawals led to the election of Uruguay. The Netherlands and Hungary withdrew, followed by Sweden withdrawing in favour of Italy. Then both Italy and Spain withdrew, in favour of the only remaining candidate, Uruguay. The FIFA Congress met in Barcelona, Spain on 18 May 1929 to ratify the decision, and Uruguay was chosen without a vote.[citation needed]

text: Results:

text:
Uruguay
 Italy withdrew
 Spain withdrew
 Sweden withdrew
 Netherlands withdrew
 Hungary withdrew

tag: ol

text: Notice that the celebration of the first World Cup coincided with the centennial anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay. For that reason, the main stadium built in Montevideo for the World Cup was named Estadio Centenario.

text: 1934 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Italy
 Sweden

text: Sweden decided to withdraw before the vote, allowing the only remaining candidate Italy to take the hosting job for the 1934 World Cup. The decision was ratified by the FIFA Congress in Stockholm, Sweden and Zürich, Switzerland on 14 May 1932. The Italian Football Federation accepted the hosting duties on 9 October 1932.

text: Results:

text:
Italy
 Sweden withdrew

text: 1938 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 France
 Germany

text: Without any nations withdrawing their bids, the FIFA Congress convened in Berlin, Germany on 13 August 1936 to decide the next host. Electing France took only one ballot, as France had more than half of the votes in the first round.[4]

text: Results:

text:
France, 19 votes
 Argentina, 3 votes
 Germany, 1 vote

text: Cancelled FIFA World Cups 1942 and 1946[edit]

text: Bids for 1942:

text:
Argentina
 Brazil
 Germany

text: Cancelled FIFA election of the host for the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939.

text: Bids for 1946:

text: 1950 and 1954 FIFA World Cups[edit]

text: 1950 bid[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Brazil

text: Brazil, Argentina, and Germany had officially bid for the 1942 World Cup, but the Cup was cancelled after the outbreak of World War II. The 1950 World Cup was originally scheduled for 1949, but the day after Brazil was selected by the FIFA Congress on 26 July 1946 in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, the World Cup was rescheduled for 1950.

text: Result:

text: Brazil

text: 1954 bid[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Switzerland

text: The 1954 World Cup hosting duty was decided on 26 July 1946, the same day that Brazil was selected for the 1949 World Cup, in Luxembourg City. On 27 July, the FIFA Congress pushed back the 5th World Cup finals by three years, deciding it should take place in 1954.

text: Result:

text: Switzerland

text: 1958 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Sweden

text: Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Sweden expressed interest in hosting the tournament.[5] Swedish delegates lobbied other countries at the FIFA Congress held in Rio de Janeiro around the opening of the 1950 World Cup finals.[5] Sweden was awarded the 1958 tournament unopposed in on 23 June 1950.[6]

text: Result:

text: Sweden

text: 1962 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 Chile
 West Germany

text: West Germany withdrew before the vote, which took place in Lisbon, Portugal on 10 June 1956, leaving two remaining bids. In one round of voting, Chile won over Argentina.

text: Results:

text:
Chile, 31 votes
 Argentina, 12 votes
 West Germany withdrew

text: 1966 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
England
 West Germany
 Spain

text: Spain withdrew from the bidding prior to voting by the FIFA Congress, held in Rome, Italy on 22 August 1960. Again, there was only one round of voting, with England defeating West Germany.

text: Results:

text:
England, 34 votes
 West Germany, 27 votes
 Spain withdrew

text: 1970 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 Australia
 Colombia
 Japan
 Mexico
 Peru

text: The FIFA Congress convened in Tokyo, Japan on 8 October 1964. One round of voting saw Mexico win the hosting duties over Argentina.

text: Results:

text:
Mexico, 56 votes
 Argentina, 32 votes
 Australia withdrew
 Colombia withdrew
 Japan withdrew
 Peru withdrew

text: 1974, 1978, 1982 FIFA World Cups[edit]

text: Three hosts for the 1974, 1978, and 1982 World Cups were chosen in London, England on 6 July 1966 by the FIFA Congress. Spain and West Germany, both facing each other in the running for hosting duties for the 1974 and 1982 World Cups, agreed to give one another a hosting job. Germany withdrew from the 1982 bidding process while Spain withdrew from the 1974 bidding process, essentially guaranteeing each a hosting spot. Mexico, who had won the 1970 hosting bid over Argentina just two years prior, agreed to withdraw and let Argentina take the 1978 hosting position.

text: 1974 results[edit]

text:
West Germany
 Spain withdrew in exchange for 1982 hosting duties
 Italy withdrew
 Netherlands withdrew

text: 1978 results[edit]

text:
Argentina
 Colombia withdrew
 Mexico withdrew, as they had won hosting for 1970

text: 1982 results[edit]

text:
Spain
 West Germany withdrew in exchange for 1974 hosting duties
 Italy withdrew

text: 1986 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Colombia

text: Host voting, handled by the then-FIFA Executive Committee (or Exco), met in Stockholm on 9 June 1974 and ratified the unopposed Colombian bid.

text: Result:

text: Colombia

text: However, Colombia withdrew after being selected to host the World Cup for financial problems on 5 November 1982, less than four years before the event was to start. A call for bids was sent out again, and FIFA received intent from three nations:

text:
Canada
 Mexico
 United States

text: In Zürich on 20 May 1983, Mexico won the bidding unanimously as voted by the Executive Committee, for the first time in FIFA World Cup bidding history (except those nations who bid unopposed).

text: Results:

text:
Mexico unanimous vote
 United States 0 votes
 Canada 0 votes

text: 1990 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Austria
 England
 France
 Greece
 Iran
 Italy
 Soviet Union
 West Germany
 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

text: Except Italy and the Soviet Union, all nations withdrew before the vote, which was to be conducted by Exco in Zürich on 19 May 1984. Once again, only one round of voting was required, as Italy won more votes than the Soviet Union.

text: Results:

text:
Italy, 11 votes
 Soviet Union, 5 votes
 Austria withdrew
 England withdrew
 France withdrew
 Greece withdrew
 Iran withdrew
 West Germany withdrew
 Yugoslavia withdrew

text: 1994 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Brazil
 Morocco
 United States
 Chile

text: Despite having three nations bidding, voting only took one round. The vote was held in Zürich (for the third straight time) on 4 July 1988. The United States gained a majority of votes of the Exco members.

text: Results:

text:
United States, 10 votes
 Morocco, 7 votes
 Brazil, 2 votes
 Chile withdrew

text: 1998 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
England
 France
 Germany
 Morocco
  Switzerland

text: This vote was held in Zürich for the fourth straight time on 1 July 1992. Only one round of voting was required to have France assume the hosting job over Morocco.

text: Result:

text:
France, 12 votes
 Morocco, 7 votes
  Switzerland withdrew
 England withdrew
 Germany withdrew

text: 2002 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
South Korea/ Japan
 Mexico

text: On 31 May 1996, the hosting selection meeting was held in Zürich for the fifth straight time. A joint bid was formed between Japan and South Korea, and the bid was "voted by acclamation", an oral vote without ballots. The first joint bid of the World Cup was approved, edging out Mexico.

text: Results:

text:
South Korea/ Japan (joint bid, voted by acclamation)
 Mexico

text: The 2002 FIFA World Cup was co-hosted in Asia for the first time by South Korea and Japan (the final was held in Japan). Initially, the two Asian countries were competitors in the bidding process. But just before the vote, they agreed with FIFA to co-host the event. However, the rivalry and distance between them led to organizational and logistical problems. FIFA has said that co-hosting is not likely to happen again, and in 2004 officially stated that its statutes did not allow co-hosting bids.[7]

text: 2006 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Brazil
 England
 Germany
 Morocco
 South Africa

text: On 6 July 2000, the host selection meeting was held for the sixth straight time in Zürich. Brazil withdrew its bid three days before the vote, and the field was narrowed to four. This was the first selection in which more than one vote round was required. Three votes were eventually needed. Germany was at least tied for first in each of the three votes, and ended up defeating South Africa by only one vote after an abstention (see below).

text:
Results

Nation

Vote

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

 Germany

10

11

12

 South Africa

6

11

11

 England

5

2

Eliminated

 Morocco

2

Eliminated

Eliminated

Total votes

23

24

23

text: Controversy[edit]

text: The controversy over the decision to award the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany led to a further change in practice. The final tally was 12 votes to 11 in favour of Germany over the contenders South Africa, who had been favorites to win. New Zealand FIFA member Charlie Dempsey, who was instructed to vote for South Africa by the Oceania Football Confederation, abstained from voting at the last minute. If he had voted for the South African bid, the tally would have been 12–12, giving the decision to FIFA President Sepp Blatter, who, it was widely believed, would then have voted for South Africa.[8]

text: Dempsey was among eight members of the Executive Committee to receive a fax by editors of the German satirical magazine Titanic on Wednesday, the night before the vote, promising a cuckoo clock and Black Forest ham in exchange for voting for Germany. He argued that the pressure from all sides including "an attempt to bribe" him had become too much for him.[9]

text: On 4 August 2000, consequently, FIFA decided to rotate the hosting of the final tournaments between its constituent confederations. This was until October 2007, during the selection of the host for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, when they announced that they will no longer continue with their continental rotation policy (see below).[10][11]

text: 2010 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Egypt
 Morocco
 Nigeria
 South Africa
 Tunisia /  Libya

text: The first World Cup bidding process under continental rotation (the process of rotating hosting of the World Cup to each confederation in turn) was the 2010 FIFA World Cup,[7] the first World Cup to be held in Africa. On 7 July 2001, during the FIFA Congress in Buenos Aires, a decision was ratified, which was that the rotation will begin in Africa.[12] On 23 September 2002, FIFA's Executive Committee confirmed that only African member associations, would be invited to submit bids to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[13]

text: In January 2003, Nigeria entered the bidding process, but withdrew their bid in September.[14][15] In March 2003, Sepp Blatter initially said Nigeria's plan to co host the 2010 FIFA World Cup with four African countries would not work.[16] Nigeria had originally hoped to bid jointly with West African neighbours Benin, Ghana, and Togo.

text: After it was confirmed by FIFA that joint bidding would not be allowed in the future, Libya and Tunisia withdrew both of their bids on 8 May 2004. On 15 May 2004 in Zürich (the seventh consecutive time that a host selection has been made there), South Africa, after a narrow loss in the 2006 bidding, defeated perennial candidate Morocco to host, 14 votes to 10. Egypt received no votes.

text:
Results

Nation

Vote

Round 1

 South Africa

14

 Morocco

10

 Egypt

0

 Tunisia /  Libya

Withdrew

 Nigeria

Withdrew

Total votes

24

text: Controversy[edit]

text: On 28 May 2015, media covering the 2015 FIFA corruption case reported that high-ranking officials from the South African bid committee had secured the right to host the World Cup by paying US$10 million in bribes to then-FIFA Vice President Jack Warner and to other FIFA Executive Committee members.[17]

text: On 4 June 2015, FIFA executive Chuck Blazer, having co-operated with the FBI and the Swiss authorities, confirmed that he and the other members of FIFA's executive committee were bribed in order to promote the South African 1998 and 2010 World Cups. Blazer stated, "I and others on the FIFA executive committee agreed to accept bribes in conjunction with the selection of South Africa as the host nation for the 2010 World Cup."[18][19]

text: On 6 June 2015, The Daily Telegraph reported that Morocco had received the most votes, but South Africa was awarded the tournament instead.[20]

text: 2014 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 Brazil
 Colombia

text: FIFA continued its continental rotation procedure by earmarking the 2014 World Cup for South America. FIFA initially indicated that it might back out of the rotation concept,[21] but later decided to continue it through the 2014 host decision, after which it was dropped.

text: Colombia had expressed interest in hosting the 2014 World Cup,[22] but withdrew undertaking the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup.[23] Brazil also expressed interest in hosting the World Cup. CONMEBOL, the South American Football Federation, indicated their preference for Brazil as a host.[24] Brazil was the only nation to submit a formal bid when the official bidding procedure for CONMEBOL member associations was opened in December 2006, as by that time, Colombia, Chile and Argentina had already withdrawn, and Venezuela was not allowed to bid.

text: Brazil made the first unopposed bid since the initial selection of the 1986 FIFA World Cup (when Colombia was selected as host, but later withdrew for financial problems). The FIFA Executive Committee confirmed it as the host country on 30 October 2007 by a unanimous decision.[25]

text: Result:

text:
2014 FIFA bidding (majority 12 votes)

Bidders

Votes

Round 1

Round 2

 Brazil

N/A

N/A

 Argentina

Withdrew

 Colombia

Withdrew

text: 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups[edit]

text:
2018 Bids:

 Belgium /  Netherlands
 England
 Spain /  Portugal
 Russia

2022 Bids:

 Australia
 Japan
 South Korea
 Qatar
 United States

text:
Wikinews has related news:
 FIFA receives eleven bids for 2018 and 2022 World Cups

text: FIFA announced on 29 October 2007 that it will no longer continue with its continental rotation policy, implemented after the 2006 World Cup host selection. The newest host selection policy is that any country may bid for a World Cup, provided that their continental confederation has not hosted either of the past two World Cups. For the 2018 World Cup bidding process, this meant that bids from Africa and South America were not allowed.

text: For the 2022 World Cup bidding process, this meant that bids from South America and Europe were not allowed.[26][27] Also, FIFA formally allowed joint bids once more (after they were banned in 2002), because there was only one organizing committee per joint bid, unlike Korea–Japan, which had two different organizing committees.[28] Countries that announced their interest included Australia, England, Indonesia, Japan, Qatar, Russia, South Korea, United States, the joint bid of Spain and Portugal and the joint bid of Belgium and Netherlands.[26][29][30]

text: The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country geographically to host the World Cup. Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time a World Cup will be held in the Arab World and the second time in Asia since the 2002 tournament in South Korea and Japan. Also, the decision made it the smallest country geographically to host the World Cup.[31]

text:
2018 Results

Nation

Vote

Round 1

Round 2

 Russia

9

13

 Spain /  Portugal

7

7

 Netherlands /  Belgium

4

2

 England

2

Eliminated

Total votes

22

22

text:
2022 results

Nation

Vote

Round 1

Round 2

Round 3

Round 4

 Qatar

11

10

11

14

 United States

3

5

6

8

 South Korea

4

5

5

Eliminated

 Japan

3

2

Eliminated

Eliminated

 Australia

1

Eliminated

Eliminated

Eliminated

Total votes

22

22

22

22

text: 2026 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Canada /  Mexico /  USA
 Morocco

text: Under FIFA rules as of 2016, the 2026 Cup could not be in either Europe (UEFA) or Asia (AFC),[32][33] leaving an African (CAF) bid, a North American (CONCACAF) bid, a South American (CONMEBOL) bid or an Oceanian (OFC) bid as other possible options.[34] In March 2017, FIFA's president Gianni Infantino confirmed that "Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) had been excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively."[35]

text: The bidding process was originally scheduled to start in 2015, with the appointment of hosts scheduled for the FIFA Congress on 10 May 2017 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[36][37] On 10 June 2015, FIFA announced that the bid process for the 2026 FIFA World Cup was postponed.[38][39] However, following the FIFA Council meeting on 10 May 2016, a new bid schedule was announced for May 2020 as the last in a four-phase process.[40]

text: On 14 October 2016, FIFA said it would accept a tournament-sharing bid by CONCACAF members Canada, Mexico and the United States.[41]

text: On 10 April 2017, Canada, the United States, and Mexico announced their intention to submit a joint bid to co-host, with three-quarters of the games to be played in the U.S., including the final.[42]

text: On 11 August 2017, Morocco officially announced a bid to host.[43]

text: Therefore, the official 2026 FIFA World Cup bids were from two  football confederations. The first one was from CONCACAF, which was triple bid by Canada, United States and Mexico,[41][44][45][46] and the second one was from CAF with a bid by Morocco.[47][48]

text: The host was announced on 13 June 2018 at the 68th FIFA Congress in Moscow, Russia.[49] The United Bid from Canada, Mexico and the United States was selected over the Morocco bid by 134 votes to 65 with 1 selecting neither and 3 abstentions. This will be the first World Cup to be hosted by more than two countries. Mexico becomes the first country to host three men's World Cups and its Estadio Azteca, should selected, will become the first stadium to stage three World Cup tournaments. On the other hand, Canada becomes the fifth country to host both the men's and women's World Cups, after Sweden (Men's: 1958/Women's: 1995), United States (Men's: 1994/Women's: 1999, 2003), Germany (Men's: 1974, 2006/Women's: 2011), and France (Men's: 1934, 1998/Women's: 2019). The United States becomes the first country to host both men's and women's World Cup twice each.

text:
2026 Results

Nation

Vote

Round 1

 Canada /  Mexico /  United States

134

 Morocco

65

None of the Bids

1

Total votes

200

text: 2030 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: The bidding process for the world cup is yet to start. Two early bids for the 2030 FIFA World Cup - the Centennial World Cup - have however been proposed. The first proposed bid has been a collective bid by the members of the Argentine Football Association and Uruguayan Football Association into a proposed joint bid from Uruguay and Argentina.[50] The second bid has been a proposed bid by The Football Association of England.[51] Under FIFA rules as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC) because the Asian Football Confederation is excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022.[35][51] Also in June 2017, UEFA's president Aleksander Čeferin stated that Europe (UEFA) will definitely fight for its right to host the 2030 World Cup.[52]

text: The Uruguay–Argentina proposed bid would not coincide with the centennial anniversary of the first FIFA World Cup final, and the bicentennial of the first Constitution of Uruguay, but if selected the tournament dates would coincide. The Uruguay-Argentina bid was officially confirmed on 29 July 2017. A joint bid was announced by the Argentine Football Association and the Uruguayan Football Association on 29 July 2017.[53] Before Uruguay and Argentina played out a goalless draw in Montevideo, FC Barcelona players Luis Suárez and Lionel Messi promoted the bid with commemorative shirts.[54] On 31 August 2017, it was suggested Paraguay would join as a third host.[55] CONMEBOL, the South American confederation (which can not bid under current FIFA rules), confirmed the joint three-way bid in September 2017.[56]

text: English FA vice chairman David Gill has proposed that his country could bid for 2030, provided the bidding process is made more transparent.[57] "England is one of few countries that could stage even a 48-nation event in its entirety, while Football Association chief executive Martin Glenn made it clear earlier this year bidding for 2030 was an option."[51] In June 2017, UEFA stated that "it would support a pan-British bid for 2030 or even a single bid from England."[58] Moreover, a possible English bid for 2030 was also backed by the German Football Association.[59] On 15 July 2018, Deputy Leader of the UK Labour Party, Tom Watson, said in an interview that he and his party backed a 2030 World Cup bid for the UK saying that "I hope it's one of the first things a Labour government does, which is work with our FA to try and put a World Cup bid together."[60] On 16 July 2018, British Prime Minister Theresa May expressed her support of the bid and her openness about discussions with football authorities.[61][62] Although there had been no prior discussion with the Football Association, the Scottish FA also expressed its interest about joining a Home Nations bid.[63] Former Scottish First Minister Henry McLeish has called the Scottish government and the Scottish Football Association to bid for the 2030 FIFA World Cup with the other British nations.[64]

text: On 17 June 2018, the Royal Moroccan Football Federation announced its co-bidding for the 2030 World Cup. There are two possible joint bids one with the Tunisia and the Algeria[65] or the other with two UEFA members Spain and Portugal.[66]

text: On 17 June 2018, the English Football Association announced that they are in talks with home nations over a UK-wide bid to host 2030 World Cup.[67] On 1 August 2018, it was reported that the FA was preparing a bid for England to host the World Cup in 2030. A decision is expected to be made in 2019, after the FA will conduct a feasibility work on a potential bid.[68]

text: On 10 July 2018, Egypt's Sports Minister expressed interest in bidding to host.[69]

text: Confirmed plan to bid:

text:
CONMEBOL:
 Uruguay /  Argentina /  Paraguay: Uruguay–Argentina–Paraguay 2030 FIFA World Cup bid[70][71][72][50][58][73]
CAF/UEFA:
 Morocco (pending on  Algeria and  Tunisia or pending on  Spain and  Portugal):Morocco 2030 FIFA World Cup bid[74][75]

text: Potential bid:

text:
UEFA:
 United Kingdom ( England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales ): United Kingdom 2030 FIFA World Cup bid[57][51][58][76][67][73]

text: Expressed interest in bidding:

text:
CAF:
 Egypt[69]

text: 2034 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: The first bid for the 2034 FIFA World Cup has been proposed as a collective bid by the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The idea of a combined ASEAN bid had been mooted as early as January 2011, when the Football Association of Singapore's then-President, Zainudin Nordin, said in a statement that the proposal had been made at an ASEAN Foreign Ministers meeting.[77] In 2013, Nordin and Special Olympics Malaysia President, Datuk Mohamed Feisol Hassan, recalled the idea for ASEAN to jointly host a World Cup. Under FIFA rules as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC) as Asian Football Confederation members are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022.[35][51] Therefore, the earliest bid by an AFC member could be made for 2034.[78][79][80][81][82]

text: Later, Malaysia has withdrawn from involvement but Singapore and other ASEAN countries continued the campaign to submit a joint bid for the World Cup in 2034. In February 2017, ASEAN held talks on launching a joint bid during a visit by FIFA chief Gianni Infantino to Yangon, Myanmar.[83]

text: In July 2017, Joko Driyono, the Vice-President of Indonesia's Football Association, during the meeting in Vietnam said that Indonesia and Thailand were set to lead a consortium of South-East Asian nations in the bid. Driyono added that, for geographic and infrastructure considerations and the expanded format (48 teams), at least two or three ASEAN countries combined would be in a position necessary to host matches.[84][82]

text: In September 2017, the Football Association of Thailand's Deputy CEO, Benjamin Tan, at the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) Council meeting, confirmed that his Association has "put in their interest to bid and co-host" the 2034 World Cup with Indonesia.[82][77] On the same occasion, the General Secretary of the AFF, Dato Sri Azzuddin Ahmad, confirmed that Indonesia and Thailand will submit a joint bid.[80][81]

text: Indonesia is the only Southeast Asian country to have participated in the World Cup;[85] its national team was the first from Asia to do so and it became one of the fewest World Cup teams to qualify without playing a match because of opponents' withdrawals.[86] The 1938 World Cup is the Indonesians' only appearance to date when they were known as the Dutch East Indies. A loss to Hungary made Indonesia the only national team in World Cup history to have played a single match.[86] Far from ever hosting the World Cup, no other Southeast Asian country has ever played at the tournament. As of June 2018, Indonesia is ranked by FIFA at 164th place.[87]

text: China has announced its interest in bidding several times and reports stated "that China is likely to host the World Cup for the first time in 2034."[88]

text: In July 2018 Egypt's sports minister Ashraf Sobhy expressed interest in bidding to host.[89]

text: Expressed interest in bidding:

text:
AFC:
 Indonesia,  Thailand and  Vietnam[80][81][82]
 China[88]
CAF:
 Egypt[90]
 Zimbabwe[91]

text: Total bids by country[edit]

text: World Cup-winning bids are bolded. Planned but not-yet-official bids for 2030 and beyond are not included.

text:
Country

Bids

Years

 Germany

6

1938, 1962,[a] 1966,[a] 1974,[a] 1982,[a] 2006

 Morocco

1994, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2026, 2030[b][c]

 Spain

1930, 1966, 1974, 1982, 2018,[d], 2030[c]

 Argentina

5

1938, 1962, 1970, 1978, 2030[e]

 Mexico

1970, 1978, 1986,[f] 2002, 2026[g]

 Brazil

4

1950, 1994, 2006, 2014

 England

1966, 1990, 2006, 2018

 United States

1986, 1994, 2022, 2026[g]

 Italy

3

1930, 1934, 1990

 Japan

1970, 2002,[h] 2022

 Australia

2

1970, 2022

 Canada

1986, 2026[g]

 Chile

1962, 2014

 Colombia

1986,[f] 2014

 Egypt

2010, 2030

 France

1938, 1998

 Netherlands

1930, 2018[i]

 Portugal

2018,[d], 2030,[c]

 Russia

1990,[j] 2018

 South Africa

2006, 2010

 South Korea

2002,[h] 2022

  Switzerland

1954, 1998

 Sweden

1934, 1958

 Tunisia

2010[k], 2030[b]

 Uruguay

1930, 2030[e]

 Algeria

1

2030[b]

 Belgium

2018[i]

 Greece

1990

 Hungary

1930

 Iran

1990

 Libya

2010[k]

 Paraguay

2030[e]

 Qatar

2022

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bid by West Germany, which was joined by East Germany in 1990 to form the reunified nation of Germany.

^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria.

^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Morocco, Spain and Portugal.

^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Portugal and Spain.

^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.

^ Jump up to: a b Colombia was originally chosen to host the 1986 World Cup, but withdrew from hosting for economic concerns. After a second bidding, Mexico was selected as the replacement host.

^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Canada, Mexico and the United States.

^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Japan and South Korea.

^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Belgium and the Netherlands.

Jump up ^ Bid by the Soviet Union, which dissolved into multiple countries in 1991 and whose records are inherited by Russia.

^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Libya and Tunisia.

text: Host country performances[edit]

text: It is widely considered that home advantage is common in the World Cup, with the host team usually performing above average.[92] Of the eight countries that have won the tournament, only Brazil and Spain have not been champions while hosting, and England has their only title as hosts.

text: Further, Sweden got to its only final as hosts of the 1958 tournament, and only the Swedes and Brazilians finished as runner-up in home soil.[93] The host country reached the semi-finals thirteen times in twenty tournaments, and both Chile and South Korea had their only finishes on the top four at home. Only South Africa in 2010 managed to not go past the group stage.[94]

text:
#

Performance

Team

Year

Pld

W

D

L

Win%

GF

GA

GD

GD/M

GF/M

1

Champion

 Uruguay
1930

4

4

0

0

100%

15

3

12

3

3.8

2

Champion

 France
1998

7

6

1

0

93%

15

2

13

1.9

2.1

3

Champion

 England
1966

6

5

1

0

92%

11

3

8

1.3

1.8

4

Champion

 Italy
1934

5

4

1

0

90%

12

3

9

1.8

2.4

5

Champion

 West Germany
1974

7

6

0

1

86%

13

4

9

1.3

1.9

6

Champion

 Argentina
1978

7

5

1

1

79%

15

4

9

1.3

2.1

7

Runner-up

 Brazil
1950

6

4

1

1

75%

22

6

16

2.7

3.7

8

Runner-up

 Sweden
1958

6

4

1

1

75%

12

7

5

0.8

2

9

Third place

 Italy
1990

7

6

1

0

93%

10

2

8

1.1

1.4

10

Third place

 Germany
2006

7

5

1

1

79%

14

6

8

1.1

2

11

Third place

 Chile
1962

6

4

0

2

67%

10

8

2

0.33

1.3

12

Fourth place

 South Korea
2002

7

3

2

2

57%

8

6

2

0.3

1.1

13

Fourth place

 Brazil
2014

7

3

2

2

57%

11

14

−3

−0.4

1.57

14

Quarter-final

 Russia
2018

5

2

2

1

60%

11

7

4

0.8

2.2

15

Quarter-final

 Mexico
1986

5

3

2

0

80%

6

2

4

0.8

1.2

16

Quarter-final

 Mexico
1970

4

2

1

1

63%

6

4

2

0.5

1.5

17

Quarter-final

  Switzerland
1954

4

2

0

2

50%

11

11

0

0

2.8

18

Quarter-final

 France
1938

2

1

0

1

50%

4

4

0

0

2

19

Second round

 Spain
1982

5

1

2

2

40%

4

5

−1

−0.2

0.8

20

Round of 16

 Japan
2002

4

2

1

1

63%

5

3

2

0.5

1.25

21

Round of 16

 United States
1994

4

1

1

2

38%

3

4

−1

−0.3

0.8

22

Group stage

 South Africa
2010

3

1

1

1

50%

3

5

−2

−0.7

1

text: Win% → Every draw counted as a half win. Wins on penalty shootouts are counted as draws.

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Qatar will debut in the competition in 2022, so its result will also be its best result in history.


document_title: List of Major League Baseball 100 win seasons

question_text: when did the red sox win 100 games

question_tokens: when did the red sox win 100 games

text: Season records[edit]

text:
Season

Franchise

League

Wins

Losses

%

Manager

Finish

1892 [3]
Boston Beaneaters
NL
102
48
.680
Frank Selee
Won National League

1898 [4]
Boston Beaneaters
NL
102
47
.685
Frank Selee
Won National League

1899 [5]
Brooklyn Superbas
NL
101
47
.682
Ned Hanlon
Won National League

1902 [6]
Pittsburgh Pirates
NL
103
36
.741
Fred Clarke
Won National League

1904 [7]
New York Giants
NL
106
47
.693
John McGraw
Won National League

1905 [8]
New York Giants
NL
105
48
.686
John McGraw
Won 1905 World Series

1906 [9]
Chicago Cubs
NL
116
36
.763
Frank Chance
Lost 1906 World Series

1907 [10]
Chicago Cubs
NL
107
45
.704
Frank Chance
Won 1907 World Series

1909 [11]
Pittsburgh Pirates
NL
110
42
.724
Fred Clarke
Won 1909 World Series

1909 [11]
Chicago Cubs
NL
104
49
.680
Frank Chance
Finished 2nd in NL

1910 [12]
Chicago Cubs
NL
104
50
.675
Frank Chance
Lost 1910 World Series

1910 [12]
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
102
48
.680
Connie Mack
Won 1910 World Series

1911 [13]
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
101
50
.669
Connie Mack
Won 1911 World Series

1912 [14]
Boston Red Sox
AL
105
47
.691
Jake Stahl
Won 1912 World Series

1912 [14]
New York Giants
NL
103
48
.682
John McGraw
Lost 1912 World Series

1913 [15]
New York Giants
NL
101
51
.664
John McGraw
Lost 1913 World Series

1915 [16]
Boston Red Sox
AL
101
50
.669
Bill Carrigan
Won 1915 World Series

1915 [16]
Detroit Tigers
AL
100
54
.649
Hughie Jennings
Finished 2nd in AL

1917 [17]
Chicago White Sox
AL
100
54
.649
Pants Rowland
Won 1917 World Series

1927 [18]
New York Yankees
AL
110
44
.714
Miller Huggins
Won 1927 World Series

1928 [19]
New York Yankees
AL
101
53
.656
Miller Huggins
Won 1928 World Series

1929 [20]
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
104
46
.693
Connie Mack
Won 1929 World Series

1930 [21]
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
102
52
.662
Connie Mack
Won 1930 World Series

1931 [22]
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
107
45
.704
Connie Mack
Lost 1931 World Series

1931 [22]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
101
53
.656
Gabby Street
Won 1931 World Series

1932 [23]
New York Yankees
AL
107
47
.695
Joe McCarthy
Won 1932 World Series

1934 [24]
Detroit Tigers
AL
101
53
.656
Mickey Cochrane
Lost 1934 World Series

1935 [25]
Chicago Cubs
NL
100
54
.649
Charlie Grimm
Lost 1935 World Series

1936 [26]
New York Yankees
AL
102
51
.667
Joe McCarthy
Won 1936 World Series

1937 [27]
New York Yankees
AL
102
52
.662
Joe McCarthy
Won 1937 World Series

1939 [28]
New York Yankees
AL
106
45
.702
Joe McCarthy
Won 1939 World Series

1940 [29]
Cincinnati Reds
NL
100
53
.654
Bill McKechnie
Won 1940 World Series

1941 [30]
New York Yankees
AL
101
53
.656
Joe McCarthy
Won 1941 World Series

1941 [30]
Brooklyn Dodgers
NL
100
54
.649
Leo Durocher
Lost 1941 World Series

1942 [31]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
106
48
.688
Billy Southworth
Won 1942 World Series

1942 [31]
Brooklyn Dodgers
NL
104
50
.675
Leo Durocher
Finished 2nd in NL

1942 [31]
New York Yankees
AL
103
51
.669
Joe McCarthy
Lost 1942 World Series

1943 [32]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
105
49
.682
Billy Southworth
Lost 1943 World Series

1944 [33]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
105
49
.682
Billy Southworth
Won 1944 World Series

1946 [34]
Boston Red Sox
AL
104
50
.675
Joe Cronin
Lost 1946 World Series

1953 [35]
Brooklyn Dodgers
NL
105
49
.682
Chuck Dressen
Lost 1953 World Series

1954 [36]
Cleveland Indians
AL
111
43
.721
Al López
Lost 1954 World Series

1954 [36]
New York Yankees
AL
103
51
.669
Casey Stengel
Finished 2nd in AL

1961 [37]
New York Yankees
AL
109
53
.673
Ralph Houk
Won 1961 World Series

1961 [37]
Detroit Tigers
AL
101
61
.623
Bob Scheffing
Finished 2nd in AL

1962 [38]
San Francisco Giants
NL
103
62
.624
Al Dark
Lost 1962 World Series

1962 [38]
Los Angeles Dodgers
NL
102
63
.618
Walter Alston
Finished 2nd in NL

1963 [39]
New York Yankees
AL
104
57
.646
Ralph Houk
Lost 1963 World Series

1965 [40]
Minnesota Twins
AL
102
60
.630
Sam Mele
Lost 1965 World Series

1967 [41]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
101
60
.627
Red Schoendienst
Won 1967 World Series

1968 [42]
Detroit Tigers
AL
103
59
.636
Mayo Smith
Won 1968 World Series

1969 [43]
Baltimore Orioles
AL
109
53
.673
Earl Weaver
Lost 1969 World Series

1969 [43]
New York Mets
NL
100
62
.617
Gil Hodges
Won 1969 World Series

1970 [44]
Baltimore Orioles
AL
108
54
.667
Earl Weaver
Won 1970 World Series

1970 [44]
Cincinnati Reds
NL
102
60
.630
Sparky Anderson
Lost 1970 World Series

1971 [45]
Baltimore Orioles
AL
101
57
.639
Earl Weaver
Lost 1971 World Series

1971 [45]
Oakland Athletics
AL
101
60
.627
Dick Williams
Lost 1971 ALCS

1974 [46]
Los Angeles Dodgers
NL
102
60
.630
Walter Alston
Lost 1974 World Series

1975 [47]
Cincinnati Reds
NL
108
54
.667
Sparky Anderson
Won 1975 World Series

1976 [48]
Cincinnati Reds
NL
102
60
.630
Sparky Anderson
Won 1976 World Series

1976 [48]
Philadelphia Phillies
NL
101
61
.623
Danny Ozark
Lost 1976 NLCS

1977 [49]
Kansas City Royals
AL
102
60
.630
Whitey Herzog
Lost 1977 ALCS

1977 [49]
Philadelphia Phillies
NL
101
61
.623
Danny Ozark
Lost 1977 NLCS

1977 [49]
New York Yankees
AL
100
62
.617
Billy Martin
Won 1977 World Series

1978 [50]
New York Yankees
AL
100
63
.613
Billy Martin, Dick Howser, & Bob Lemon
Won 1978 World Series

1979 [51]
Baltimore Orioles
AL
102
57
.642
Earl Weaver
Lost 1979 World Series

1980 [52]
New York Yankees
AL
103
59
.636
Dick Howser
Lost 1980 ALCS

1980 [52]
Baltimore Orioles
AL
100
62
.617
Earl Weaver
Finished 2nd in AL East

1984 [53]
Detroit Tigers
AL
104
58
.642
Sparky Anderson
Won 1984 World Series

1985 [54]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
101
61
.623
Whitey Herzog
Lost 1985 World Series

1986 [55]
New York Mets
NL
108
54
.667
Davey Johnson
Won 1986 World Series

1988 [56]
Oakland Athletics
AL
104
58
.642
Tony La Russa
Lost 1988 World Series

1988 [56]
New York Mets
NL
100
60
.625
Davey Johnson
Lost 1988 NLCS

1990 [57]
Oakland Athletics
AL
103
59
.636
Tony La Russa
Lost 1990 World Series

1993 [58]
Atlanta Braves
NL
104
58
.642
Bobby Cox
Lost 1993 NLCS

1993 [58]
San Francisco Giants
NL
103
59
.636
Dusty Baker
Finished 2nd in NL West

1995 [59]
Cleveland Indians
AL
100
44
.694
Mike Hargrove
Lost 1995 World Series

1997 [60]
Atlanta Braves
NL
101
61
.623
Bobby Cox
Lost 1997 NLCS

1998 [61]
New York Yankees
AL
114
48
.704
Joe Torre
Won 1998 World Series

1998 [61]
Atlanta Braves
NL
106
56
.654
Bobby Cox
Lost 1998 NLCS

1998 [61]
Houston Astros
NL
102
60
.630
Larry Dierker
Lost 1998 NLDS

1999 [62]
Atlanta Braves
NL
103
59
.636
Bobby Cox
Lost 1999 World Series

1999 [62]
Arizona Diamondbacks
NL
100
62
.617
Buck Showalter
Lost 1999 NLDS

2001 [63]
Seattle Mariners
AL
116
46
.716
Lou Piniella
Lost 2001 ALCS

2001 [63]
Oakland Athletics
AL
102
60
.630
Art Howe
Lost 2001 ALDS

2002 [64]
New York Yankees
AL
103
58
.640
Joe Torre
Lost 2002 ALDS

2002 [64]
Oakland Athletics
AL
103
59
.636
Art Howe
Lost 2002 ALDS

2002 [64]
 Atlanta Braves
NL
101
59
.631
Bobby Cox
Lost 2002 NLDS

2003 [65]
New York Yankees
AL
101
61
.623
Joe Torre
Lost 2003 World Series

2003 [65]
 Atlanta Braves
NL
101
61
.623
Bobby Cox
Lost 2003 NLDS

2003 [65]
 San Francisco Giants
NL
100
61
.621
Felipe Alou
Lost 2003 NLDS

2004 [66]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
105
57
.648
Tony La Russa
Lost 2004 World Series

2004 [66]
New York Yankees
AL
101
61
.623
Joe Torre
Lost 2004 ALCS

2005 [67]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
100
62
.617
Tony La Russa
Lost 2005 NLCS

2008 [68]
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
AL
100
62
.617
Mike Scoscia
Lost 2008 ALDS

2009 [69]
New York Yankees
AL
103
59
.636
Joe Girardi
Won 2009 World Series

2011 [70]
Philadelphia Phillies
NL
102
60
.630
Charlie Manuel
Lost 2011 NLDS

2015 [71]
St. Louis Cardinals
NL
100
62
.617
Mike Matheny
Lost 2015 NLDS

2016 [72]
Chicago Cubs
NL
103
58
.640
Joe Maddon
Won 2016 World Series

2017 [73]
Los Angeles Dodgers
NL
104
58
.642
Dave Roberts
Lost 2017 World Series

2017 [73]
 Cleveland Indians
AL
102
60
.630
Terry Francona
Lost 2017 ALDS

2017 [73]
Houston Astros
AL
101
61
.623
A. J. Hinch
Won 2017 World Series

2018 [74]

Boston Red Sox

AL

108

54

.667

Alex Cora

Won 2018 World Series

2018 [74]

Houston Astros

AL

103

59

.636

A. J. Hinch

Lost 2018 ALCS

2018 [74]

New York Yankees

AL

100

62

.617

Aaron Boone

Lost 2018 ALDS


document_title: The One with the Morning After

question_text: who tells rachel that ross slept with chloe

text: The One with the Morning After

text: Plot[edit]

text: The morning after Ross and Rachel take a break from their relationship, Ross wakes up in his apartment to Chloe (Angela Featherstone) walking out of his bathroom, insinuating that they spent the night together. Hurriedly, checking his answering machine for messages, Ross realizes that Rachel had left a message apologizing, saying that she loved him, and that she was going to drop by his apartment. Unable to get rid of Chloe in time, he hides her behind the door as Rachel comes by to try things again. Ross quickly agrees and becomes her boyfriend again.

text: Not wasting any time, Ross goes over to Joey (Matt LeBlanc) and Chandler’s (Matthew Perry) apartment to confess what he did. While Ross believes that he should tell Rachel everything, Joey and Chandler urge him not to. After reluctantly agreeing, the guys then try to figure out a way so that Rachel does not find out about Ross and Chloe on her own. Joey then tells Ross that he needs to think about 'the trail', which is the list of people between the girl he slept with, and the girl he does not want to find out what happened. Chandler traces the trail from Chloe to her coworker Isaac, who has a sister Jasmine, who works with Phoebe, who is best friends with Rachel.

text: As Ross goes down 'the trail' to prevent the news from getting to Rachel, he finds out that Chloe had already told Isaac, who had already told his sister Jasmine. While talking to Jasmine, he manages to get her to promise to not say anything to Phoebe. But, she mentions that he should talk to her roommate that she told, because her roommate knows Rachel, too. Who just so happens to be none other than Gunther (James Michael Tyler). Ross rushes to Central Perk to try and keep Gunther quiet, only to find out that Gunther had already told Rachel everything.

text: Meanwhile, Monica (Courteney Cox) and Phoebe (Lisa Kudrow) are back in Monica’s bedroom trying a new waxing product they purchased called Waxine, but the pain is too much for them. Hearing the screams from across the hall, Joey and Chandler rush to their rescue. But, before they can leave the room, an angry Rachel storms into the apartment, followed by Ross. Monica, Phoebe, Chandler, and Joey stay in the bedroom, unbeknownst to Ross and Rachel.

text: The fight between Ross and Rachel is even worse than the night before when they took a break from their relationship. Rachel gets even angrier with Ross as he tries to talk to her and settle things between the two of them. She is upset that she had to hear everything that happened between Ross and Chloe from Gunther, and she gets absolutely furious when Ross accidentally let’s slip out that Chloe was still in his apartment when Rachel had come over to get back together earlier that morning. Rachel then tries to make Ross see her perspective by mocking him and creating a scenario where she sleeps with another man. Meanwhile, in the bedroom, the four friends get so hungry that they eat the Waxine, which happens to be organic, but not edible. Joey says that he needs a new walk.

text: It is now 3:00 a.m., and Monica is astonished that neither Ross nor Rachel had not questioned why she was not home, yet. Ross, at this time, is still trying to get Rachel to forgive him. Just as it seems as though Rachel might forgive him, Ross starts touching her and kissing her. Standing up and slapping his hands away, she states “No, Ross! Don’t! You can’t just kiss me and think you’re gonna make it all go away. Okay? It doesn’t work that way. It doesn’t just make it better. Okay?”[2] Then she proceeds to tell him to go home. Suddenly, Ross walks over to her and tries again to tell her that they can work past this. He then tells her that he cannot imagine his life without her. Both start to cry as Ross gets down on his knees to hold Rachel and beg for forgiveness. Rachel tells him that she now sees him as a completely different person, and that she cannot forgive him. “I used to think of you as somebody that would never, ever, hurt me, ever.” She also says that she cannot forgive him because she cannot stop picturing Ross with Chloe and that there is nothing he can say or do, because it has changed everything between them, forever. Ross, still in denial, proceeds to say, “Yeah, but this can’t be it, I mean.” To which Rachel replies, “Then, how come it is?"[2]

text: The episode ends with the other four finally being able to get out of the bedroom, where they find Rachel still in her clothes, sleeping on the couch, and Ross nowhere to be seen. As they quietly cross the room to go to their respective homes, Chandler sees Joey walking funny and asks if he has found his new walk. Joey responds with, “No, I really have to pee.”[2]

text: Cast and Crew[edit]

text: Main Cast[edit]

text:
Jennifer Aniston as Rachel Green
Courteney Cox as Monica Geller
Lisa Kudrow as Phoebe Buffay
Matt LeBlanc as Joey Tribbiani
Matthew Perry as Chandler Bing
David Schwimmer as Ross Geller

text: Guest Stars[edit]

text:
Angela Featherstone as Chloe: the girl from the copy place that Ross cheats on Rachel with in the previous episode.
James Michael Tyler as Gunther: the manager of the Central Perk coffee house where the gang spends their free time, who also happens to be in love with Rachel.
Maury Ginsberg as Isaac: Chloe's coworker at the copy place.
Cynthia Mann as Jasmine: Isaac's sister, who also happens to be Phoebe's coworker and Gunther's roommate.

text: Crew[edit]

text:
James Burrows (director)
Marta Kauffman and David Crane (writers)

text: Reception[edit]

text: In an interview, Aniston mentions the infamous breakup stating, “The breakup. Well, that was sort of the beginning of the end for them. Or, the beginning of the beginnings of endings and beginnings.”[3] It was the episode in which the show’s dynamic had completely changed, and had left audiences more anxious for the next episode because more was at stake in terms of character and plot development. In the show’s Blu-ray and DVD commentary track, the show’s co-creators Marta Kauffman and David Crane, along with producing partner Kevin S. Bright, discussed the difficulties of trying to make this episode both dramatic and comedic. Part of this was due to Aniston’s performance as Rachel being a little too realistic, and the situation of the breakup being too excruciatingly familiar. According to Kauffman, “Nearly every adult watching this episode would’ve had some kind of personal memory of a similarly awful split”.[4] This is also the episode where someone utters for the first time the classic saying, “we were on a break”, which is later said as an ongoing gag throughout the rest of the series.[5]