document_title: God's Not Dead (film)

question_text: who plays josh in god's not dead

question_tokens: who plays josh in god 's not dead

text: God's Not Dead (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Josh Wheaton (Shane Harper), an evangelical college student, enrolls in a philosophy class taught by Professor Jeffrey Radisson (Kevin Sorbo), an atheist, who demands his students sign a declaration that "God is dead" to pass. Josh is the only student who refuses to sign. Radisson requires Josh to debate the topic with him but agrees to let the class members decide the winner. Josh's girlfriend Kara (Cassidy Gifford) demands Josh either sign the statement "God is dead" or drop Radisson's class, because standing up to Radisson will jeopardize their academic future. Kara breaks up with Josh for insisting on confessing his belief in God.

text: Radisson gives Josh twenty minutes at the end of the first three lecture sessions to argue that God exists. In the first session, Josh presents his evidence that God created the universe. In the second session, Josh argues that macroevolution is not as solid of a theory as it is usually presented. In the first two sessions, Radisson has counter-arguments for some of Josh's points. Ultimately, it comes down to the third and final debate between Radisson and Josh, who again both make compelling points. Josh then halts his line of debate to pose a question to Radisson: "Why do you hate God?" After Josh repeats the question twice more, Radisson explodes in rage, confirming he hates God for his mother's death that left him alone despite his prayers. Josh then casually asks Radisson how he can hate someone that does not exist. In the end, Martin (Paul Kwo), a student from China whose father had forbidden him from even talking about God to avoid jeopardizing Martin's brother's chance at overseas study, stands up and says, "God's not dead." Almost the entire class follows Martin's lead, and Radisson leaves the room in defeat.

text: Radisson dates Mina, an evangelical whom he belittles in front of his fellow atheist colleagues. Her brother Mark (Dean Cain), a successful businessman and atheist, refuses to visit their mother, who suffers from dementia. Mark's girlfriend Amy is a left-wing blogger who writes articles critical of Duck Dynasty. When she is diagnosed with cancer, Mark dumps her. A Muslim student named Ayisha (Hadeel Sittu) secretly converts to Christianity and is disowned by her infuriated father when he finds out.

text: After the final debate, Josh invites Martin to attend a concert by Christian pop rock group the Newsboys. Radisson reads a letter from his late mother, and is moved to reconcile with Mina. Amy confronts the Newsboys in their dressing room, only to ask them to help guide her in converting to Christianity. While on his way to find Mina, Radisson is struck by a car and fatally injured. Reverend Dave, who is waiting at the intersection, tends to Radisson and helps him become a Christian as he dies.

text: The film's main characters all convene at the Newsboys concert, where they play a video clip of Willie Robertson congratulating Josh. The Newsboys play their song "God's Not Dead", dedicating it to Josh.[5]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Shane Harper as Josh Wheaton
Kevin Sorbo as Professor Jeffery Radisson
David A. R. White as Reverend Dave
Trisha LaFache as Amy Ryan
Hadeel Sittu as Ayisha
Marco Khan as Misrab
Cory Oliver as Mina
Dean Cain as Mark
Jim Gleason as Ward Wheaton
Benjamin Onyango as Reverend Jude
Cassidy Gifford as Kara
Paul Kwo as Martin Yip
Newsboys as themselves
Willie Robertson as himself
Korie Robertson as herself

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was shot from October to November 2012, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, with the concert scene done in Houston, Texas.[6]

text: Russell Wolfe, the CEO of Pure Flix Entertainment, stated that:

text: the inspiration behind the setting of the movie dates back a few years ago. I was in a meeting at Pinnacle Forum and Alan Sears from Alliance Defending Freedom, was speaking. He was speaking about a young girl who was asked to do some things that went against her faith and got in trouble for not doing them. That story put my jaw on the floor and made me think about how many students go to college as a Christian and how few stay a Christian after they finish their four years. It was that story that inspired me to set the movie on a college campus.[7]

text: The film soundtrack was released on March 3, 2014, by Inpop Records.[8]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film became a surprise success at the box office. In its first weekend of release, the film earned $8.6 million from 780 theaters, causing Entertainment Weekly's Adam Markovitz to refer to it as "the biggest surprise of the weekend".[9] During that week, it finished third behind Divergent and Muppets Most Wanted in the box office, with $9.2 million.[10]

text: The film began its international roll out in Mexico on April 4, 2014, where the movie grossed $89,021 its opening weekend. God's Not Dead grossed $60.8 million in North America and $3.9 million in other territories for a total of $64.7 million, against a budget of $2 million.[3] At the end of 2014, God's Not Dead was ranked 93rd in terms of worldwide gross, and finished with $64.7 million worldwide.[11]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film received a rating of 14%, based on 21 reviews, with an average rating of 2.7/10.[12] On Metacritic, the film received a score of 16 out of 100, based on six critics, indicating "overwhelming dislike".[13]

text: Writing for The A.V. Club, Todd Van Der Werff gave the film a "D–," saying, "Even by the rather lax standards of the Christian film industry, God's Not Dead is a disaster. It's an uninspired amble past a variety of Christian-email-forward bogeymen that feels far too long at just 113 minutes".[14] Reviewer Scott Foundas of Variety wrote "...even grading on a generous curve, this strident melodrama about the insidious efforts of America's university system to silence true believers on campus is about as subtle as a stack of Bibles falling on your head...."[15] Some sources and blogs have cited the film's similarities to a popular urban legend.[16][17][18] The basic premise of an evangelical student debating with an atheist professor and winning in front of the class (who then applauds) has been the subject of a popular Chick tract.[17]

text: Evangelical and Roman Catholic response[edit]

text: The Alliance Defending Freedom, American Heritage Girls, Faith Driven Consumer, Denison Forum on Truth and Culture, Trevecca Nazarene University, The Dove Foundation and Ratio Christi have all endorsed the film.[19]

text: On the other hand, the young Earth creationist apologetics ministry, Answers in Genesis, would not endorse the film because of the promotion of several elements which they deemed to be "unbiblical".[20]

text: Dave Hartline of The American Catholic gave God's Not Dead a positive review and hoped that other films like it will follow.[21] Nick Olszyk of Catholic World Report gave it his highest rating of five reels, calling the film "a tremendously entertaining film that leads to God, not in addition to its quality but through its quality."[22] Vincent Funaro of The Christian Post praised the film for being "a hit for believers and may even appeal to skeptics searching for answers."[23]

text: Evangelical Michael Gerson, however, was highly critical of the film and its message, writing "The main problem with God's Not Dead is not its cosmology or ethics but its anthropology. It assumes that human beings are made out of cardboard. Academics are arrogant and cruel. Liberal bloggers are preening and snarky. Unbelievers disbelieve because of personal demons. It is characterization by caricature."[24] John Mulderig echoed similar concerns in his review for the Catholic News Service, stating: "There might be the kernel of an intriguing documentary buried within director Harold Cronk's stacked-deck drama, given the extent of real-life academic hostility toward religion. But even faith-filled moviegoers will sense the claustrophobia of the echo chamber within which this largely unrealistic picture unfolds."[25]

text: Writing for Christian Reviews, Roger Patterson of Answers in Genesis gave the film 3 1/2 out of 5 stars and noted that "clichés die hard", but concluded that "an astute and mature Christian can use the film as a teaching opportunity".[26]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: Pure Flix Entertainment produced a sequel, God's Not Dead 2,[27] with a release date of April 1, 2016,[28][29] several days after Easter.[30] A third God's Not Dead film, God's Not Dead: A Light in Darkness, came out on March 30, 2018.[31][32]


document_title: Love O2O (TV series)

question_text: what is the name of the game in love 020

root

text: Love O2O (TV series)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Bei Weiwei (Zheng Shuang) is the campus goddess, who excels in her studies. She aspires to be an online game developer, and goes by the user ID of Luwei Weiwei in the online role-playing game A Chinese Ghost Story. After she gets dumped by her online husband Zhenshui Wuxiang, she gets approached by the number one player Yixiao Naihe, who suggested that they get married so they both can participate in a couple competition within the game. The newly formed couple instantly hit it off, and undergo many adventures together in the game.

tag: p

text: However, Wei Wei never expected the real identity of her virtual husband to be her college senior, Xiao Nai (Yang Yang) who is described as the cream of the crop in both sports and academics. When Wei Wei discovers his true identity, getting to know that their meeting in the game and getting married wasn"t just their ranks or a mere coincidence but Xiao Nai had once seen her duelling with another player in an internet cafe. She realized that he had already fallen for her when he saw her for the first time,not for her beauty but for her quick,swift finger movements on the keyboard!

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Introduction

Yang Yang[4]
Xiao Nai
A 4th year computer science student and member of the basketball team. He is also the CEO of Zhi Yi technology company. He appears to be gentle and kind, but hides a sly/cunning personality. Known by the web name "Yixiao Naihe", he is a famous figure and top player in the game A Chinese Ghost Story. In real life, Xiao Nai is also the most popular guy in campus.

Zheng Shuang[5]
Bei Weiwei
A 2nd year computer science student, who is considered the "belle" of the computer science major. She placed second in a beauty voting that took place online within the student community. She is bright, smart and helpful, and aspires to be a game designer. Known by the alias "Reed Weiwei" in A Chinese Ghost Story, she is the only female player in the Top 10 PK ranking. She catches Xiao Nai's attention unintentionally as she is playing the game in an internet cafe.

tag: table

text: Supporting[edit]

text: People at Qing University[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Introduction

Mao Xiaotong[6]
Zhao Erxi
Wei Wei's best friend and dorm mate. She's bright and cheerful, but can be oblivious and stubborn at times. She falls for Cao Guang in the game Dreaming of Jianghu as Cao Guang mistook her in-game name for Wei Wei's and start to befriend her.

Bai Yu[7]
Cao Guang
A foreign language scholar. He initially misunderstood Wei Wei, but later develops a friendship and a crush on her. Later, he also forms a friendship and budding romance with Er Xi.

Ma Chunrui[8]
Meng Yiran
The school's "belle", who placed first in the school's online beauty voting.. She has a crush on Xiao Nai.

Qin Yu[9]
Xiao Ling
Wei Wei's dorm mate. Because of her wealthy background, she is often referred to as "Little Rich Woman".

Songxin Jiayi[10]
Tian Sisi
Wei Wei's dorm mate.

Zhou Chenjia[11]
Nana
Yiran's roommate and sycophant, who constantly encourages her to pursue Xiaonai. She sucks up to Yiran in order to capture the attention of her cousin, Shaoxiang.

Zhang Chaoren[12]
Da Zhong
Xiao Ling's boyfriend, and member of the basketball team.

Chen Jie
Aixiang Nai'er
Yiran's friend; a famous online blogger. A nasty person.

text: People in Zhi Yi Technology[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Introduction

Niu Junfeng[13]
Yu Banshan
Known by the alias "Yugong Pashan". He often misuses idioms due to a childhood trauma.

Cui Hang[14]
Qiu Yonghou
Known by the alias "Houzi Jiu".

Zheng Yecheng[15]
Hao Mei
Known by the alias "Mo Zha Ta".  One of the top 3 experts in Zhi Yi. He has a baby face, and is often called "Mr. Beauty".

Vin Zhang[16]
KO
A top hacker and one of the top 3 experts in Zhi Yi. He shares a twisted fate with Hao Mei, whom he previously met in a game.

Hu Haobo[17]
Ah Shuang
One of the top 3 experts in Zhi Yi. He has a phobia of women, known to be gynophobic

Xiao Xiaobai
Ah Li

text: People in Dreaming of Jianghu[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Introduction

Zhang He[18]
Zhen Shaoxiang
Wei Wei's ex-virtual husband, known by the alias "Zhenshui Wuxiang". He is also Yiran's elder cousin and the son of Zhen Yi technology's CEO. A person who judges people by appearance; he dumps Wei Wei thinking she is ugly and marries "Xiaoyu Yaoyao", but later comes to regret it when he sees Wei Wei in real life.

Liu Yinglun[19]
Yu Yao
Known by the alias "Xiaoyu Yaoyao", leader of the Xiao Yu clan. She is regarded as the number one beauty of the game. A hypocritical and attention-seeking person. She dates Zhen Shaoxiang in real life.

Lu Yunxuan[20]
Leishen Nini
Wei Wei's guild mate. She loves to gossip.

Liu Yujin[21]
Diemo Weixing
Ex-leader of the "Jade Seas Rising Tide" guild and Zhan Tianxia's virtual wife.

Zhang Shou[22]
Zhan Tianxia
Current leader of the "Jade Seas Rising Tide" guild and Diemo Weixing's virtual husband. He has an ambiguous relationship with Xiaoyu Qingqing.

Yang Xueying[23]
Xiaoyu Qingqing
One of Xiaoyu Yaoyao's followers. She likes to flirt with male players, especially with Zhan Tianxia.

Song Yuqing
Xiaoyu Feifei
One of Xiaoyu Yaoyao's followers.

Liu Qianyu
Xiaoyu Mianmian
One of Xiaoyu Yaoyao's followers.

Xiao Xiaobai
Youming Guilao
A "boss" in the game who likes to capture male players and make them his slaves.

Zhang Haoyu[24]
Tianxia Dayi

text: Others[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Introduction

Cai Gang
Xiao Nai's father
A archaeologist professor at Qing university.

Gu Kaili
Xiao Nai's mother
A history professor at Qing university

Fu Jun
Wei Wei's father

Yang Manqin
Wei Wei's mother

Bian Cheng
Xiao Yang
Wei Wei's tutee.

Cheng Gong
CEO Zhen
CEO of Zhen Yi technology. Shaoxiang's father and Yiran's uncle. He uses underhanded means to try to steal Xiao Nai's game creation.

Ling Haiming[25]
CEO Li
Head of the gaming department at Zhen Yi technology.

Denny Huang
Feng Teng
CEO of Feng Teng Organization.

Liu Guhao
CEO Wang

Yang Yucheng
Xiao Nai's uncle

text: Production[edit]

text: The series was filmed at Shanghai Songjiang University Town, East China University of Political Science and Law and Shanghai Commercial Plaza.[26]

text: The fictional game in the universe uses the content provided by A Chinese Ghost Story, a popular MMORPG game in China.[27]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: No.TitleMusicSingerLength1.""A Smile is Beautiful" (一笑倾城)[28]" (Opening theme song)Silence WangSilence Wang 2.""Weiwei's Beautiful Smile" (微微一笑很倾城)[29]" (Ending theme song)Silence Wang, Liu YanjiaYang Yang 3.""The Next Second" (下一秒)" Zhang Bichen 4.""A Little Sweet" (有点甜) -" Silence Wang, By2 5.""A Possible Night" (有可能的夜晚)" Dong Zhen 6.""Want to Meet Someone"  (想遇见一个人)[30]"Zeng ManziTeresa Tseng

text: Reception[edit]

text: The series ranked first in television ratings and became the number one most searched and discussed topic online during its broadcast.[31] The drama is also well-received internationally.

text: The drama was praised for following the details of the novel faithfully, as well as its refreshing and unique plot. Unlike most dramas, Love O2O does not succumb to overused cliches and plot devices, making it stand out from dramas with similar themes.[32]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
hideChina Dragon TV / Jiangsu TV premiere ratings (CSM50)[33]

Episodes

Broadcast date

Dragon TV

Jiangsu TV

Ratings (%)

Audience share (%)

Rankings

Ratings (%)

Audience share (%)

Rankings

1-2

2016.08.22

0.745

-

4

0.737

-

5

3-4

2016.08.23

0.716

-

6

0.73

-

5

5-6

2016.08.24

0.82

-

5

0.919

-

3

7-8

2016.08.25

0.774

-

5

0.873

-

4

9-10

2016.08.26

0.864

-

4

0.935

-

2

11

2016.08.27

0.927

-

3

1.151

-

2

12-13

2016.08.28

0.845

-

5

1.042

-

3

14-15

2016.08.29

0.912

-

5

0.998

-

3

16-17

2016.08.30

1

-

3

0.971

-

4

18-19

2016.08.31

0.927

-

4

0.904

-

5

20-21

2016.09.01

0.845

-

5

0.878

-

4

22-23

2016.09.02

1.105

-

2

1.065

-

3

24

2016.09.03

1.197

-

3

1.255

-

2

25-26

2016.09.04

0.992

-

4

1.121

-

2

27-28

2016.09.05

1.073

-

2

1.015

-

3

29-30

2016.09.06

0.967

-

3

0.999

-

2

Average ratings

0.910

0.965

text:
Highest ratings are marked in red; lowest ratings are marked in blue.
In China, 1% viewership rating is considered extremely high since China has a large population.

tag: ul

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Recipient

Result

Ref.

2017

2nd China Quality Television Drama Ceremony

Popular Quality Actor

Yang Yang

Won

[34]

Innovative Themed Drama of the Year

Love O2O

Won

text: International broadcast[edit]

text:
Channel

Location

Broadcast start date

Note

Jiangsu TV, Dragon TV

Mainland China

22 August 2016

Monday to Sunday 19:30 - 21:00 (two eps)

DramaFever

U.S., Canada and Latin America

23 August 2016

Monday to Saturday (two eps)

Anhui TV

Mainland China

24 August 2016

Daily 09:00 am

Astro HD

Malaysia

25 August 2016

Monday to Friday 18:00 - 19:00

Shenzen TV

Mainland China

29 September 2016

Every day 19:30 (two eps)

Zing TV

Vietnam

CHOCO TV

Taiwan

1 October 2016

TVB J2

Hong Kong

10 January 2017

Monday to Friday 19:00 - 20:00

Jiangxi TV

Mainland China

28 January 2017

Home Drama

Japan

15 March 2017

Aired with title Cinderella is Online at 1:15

iMBC

South Korea

19 September 2017

Channel 3

Thailand

3 March 2018

Every Saturday and Sunday at 16:30 - 18:00

HTV3

Vietnam

19 March 2018

Every Monday to Friday at 21:00

GMA Network

Philippines

10 September 2018

Monday to Friday at 08:50 during The Heart of Asia Mornings


document_title: 2018 Chennai Open Challenger

question_text: who has won the chennai open atp men's singles

question_tokens: who has won the chennai open atp men 's singles

text: 2018 Chennai Open Challenger

text: Singles main draw entrants[edit]

text: Seeds[edit]

text:
Country
Player
Rank1
Seed

 AUS
Jordan Thompson
103
1

 IND
Yuki Bhambri
112
2

 KOR
Lee Duck-hee
207
3

 EGY
Mohamed Safwat
218
4

 IND
Sumit Nagal
220
5

 JPN
Yasutaka Uchiyama
226
6

 ESP
Enrique López Pérez
229
7

 IND
Prajnesh Gunneswaran
242
8

text: 1 Rankings are as of 5 February 2018.

text: Other entrants[edit]

text: The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw:

text:
Vijay Sundar Prashanth
 Nitin Kumar Sinha
 Dhakshineswar Suresh
 Manish Sureshkumar

text: The following player received entry into the singles main draw using a protected ranking:

text: Saketh Myneni

text: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:

text:
Arjun Kadhe
 Sidharth Rawat
 Abhinav Sanjeev Shanmugam
 Wishaya Trongcharoenchaikul

text: Champions[edit]

text: Singles[edit]

text: Jordan Thompson def.  Yuki Bhambri 7–5, 3–6, 7–5.

text: Doubles[edit]

text: Sriram Balaji /  Vishnu Vardhan def.  Cem İlkel /  Danilo Petrović 7–6(7–5), 5–7, [10–5].

text:
show

v
t
e

2018 ATP Challenger Tour
« 2017
2019 »

Nouméa
Playford
Bangkok 1
Canberra
Bangkok 2
Koblenz
Newport Beach
Rennes
Dallas
Burnie
Quimper
San Francisco
Launceston
Budapest
Cherbourg
Chennai
Bergamo
Kyoto
Morelos
Indian Wells
Yokohama
Punta del Este
Zhuhai
Santiago
Irving
Shenzhen
Drummondville
Lille
Qujing
Le Gosier
Marbella
San Luis Potosí
St. Brieuc
Alicante
Panama City
Taipei
Mexico City
Barletta
Sarasota
Guadalajara
Nanchang
Tunis
Anning
León
Tallahassee
Francavilla al Mare
Seoul
Glasgow
Ostrava
Puerto Vallarta
Savannah
Aix-en-Provence
Rome
Karshi
Braga
Gimcheon
Busan
Bordeaux
Heilbronn
Samarkand
Lisbon
Loughborough
Mestre
Vicenza
Prostějov
Surbiton
Poznań
Shymkent
Nottingham
Caltanissetta
Lyon
Almaty
Ilkley
Poprad-Tatry
Fergana
Blois
L'Aquila

text: 2018 ATP Challenger Tour


document_title: Congress Plaza Hotel

question_text: when was the congress hotel in chicago built

text: Congress Plaza Hotel

text: The Congress Plaza Hotel is located on South Michigan Avenue across from Grant Park in Chicago at 520 South Michigan Avenue. After opening for business in 1893, for the World's Columbian Exposition,[1] the hotel underwent two major expansions and renovations; it now features 871 guest rooms and suites. Its 11 story edifice was originally designed by architect Clinton J. Warren as an annex to the Auditorium Theater across the street. The two buildings were linked by a marble-lined underground passage called Peacock Alley. In 1902 and then in 1907, the firm of Holabird & Roche oversaw the design and construction of two additions, bringing the total complex up to 1 million square feet.[2]

text: In June, 1912, Theodore Roosevelt stayed at the Congress Plaza when the 1912 Republican National Convention was held in Chicago. [3] Roosevelt, who at that time was seeking the Republican nomination for President, spoke from the balcony of his room at the hotel to a crowd assembled across the street in Grant Park.

text: In October 1916, US President Woodrow Wilson passed the hotel as part of his visit to the city. Over a hundred protestors from the National Women's Party demonstrated in favor of women's suffrage with a silent protest. Holding banners such as "Wilson is Against Women," the demonstrators were attacked by a mob and their banners destroyed while police looked on and, in some cases, laughed, according to newspaper reports.[4][5]

text: In 1940, Louis Grell (1887-1960), a Chicago-based artist, was commissioned to paint thirteen murals for the lunettes that are an architectural feature surrounding the grand lobby. The murals were various popular scenes around Chicago at the time. Under the Albert Pick Jr ownership in 1952, Grell was again commissioned to paint the same architectural lunettes, this time Grell incorporated Chicago figures into the scenes depicting important trades significant to Chicago's growth and symbolism. Lady Liberty was found in one mural holding the Chicago River "Y" on her lap. Additionally, in 1955 Pick commissioned Grell once again, during one of the many renovations, to paint three walls for the newly decorated Pompeian Room which also had a magnificent Louis Comfort Tiffany glass fountain in the center of the vast room. Today glass covers the thirteen lunettes where the murals could be hiding. Grell also painted a large white Peacock that was mounted above the bar next to Peacock Alley. Each wall had a main central Greek/Roman mural, however, Grell decorated the entire wall with various patterns of flora and custom design.[6][7][8]

text: Taos Society of Artists painter, E. Martin Hennings painted the ceiling murals inside the Florentine Room around 1918.[9]

text: The hotel closed for a period in World War II and was used as a training school by the U.S. Army Air Forces. It reopened for civilian use in time for the summer political conventions of 1944. At this time, John J. Mack was president of the Michigan-Congress Hotel Corporation.[10]

text: Events that have been held at the hotel include the 1963 Prohibition Party National Convention August 23, 1963.[11]

text: The hotel is not affiliated with any national chain. It is owned by a group of investors led by Albert Nasser of Tel-Aviv, Israel, who purchased the property in 1987.[1][12]

text: On 15 June 2003, about 130 members of UNITE HERE Local 1 went on strike to protest a proposed seven percent wage cut.[13] On 16 June 2007, Barack Obama, then running for the presidency, briefly stood by the picket line and promised to return as president, but he did not.[14] The strike, one of the world's longest, ended May 30, 2013 after nearly 10 years.[15] No concessions were given by management.[15]

text: The hotel is frequently noted as one of the most haunted buildings in Chicago.


document_title: Coco (2017 film)

question_text: who plays the grandma in book of life

question_tokens: who plays the grandma in book of life

text: Coco (2017 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Santa Cecilia, Mexico, Imelda Rivera was the wife of a musician. Imelda's husband left her and her daughter, Coco, to pursue a career in music. She banned music in the family and opened a shoemaking family business. In the present, her great-great-grandson, Miguel, now lives with the elderly Coco and their family. He secretly dreams of becoming a musician like Ernesto de la Cruz, a popular actor and singer of Imelda's generation. One day, Miguel inadvertently damages the photo of Imelda at the center of the family ofrenda and removes it, discovering that her husband (whose face is torn out) was holding Ernesto's famous guitar.

text: Concluding that he is Ernesto's descendant, Miguel leaves to enter a talent show for the Day of the Dead despite the objections of his grandmother Elena. He enters Ernesto's mausoleum and steals his guitar to use in the show, but becomes invisible to everyone in the village plaza. However, he can see and be seen by his Xoloitzcuintli dog Dante and his skeletal dead relatives who are visiting from the Land of the Dead for the holiday. Taking him there, they realize that Imelda cannot visit as Miguel removed her photo from the ofrenda. Discovering that he is cursed for stealing from the dead, Miguel must return to the Land of the Living before sunrise or he will become one of the dead: to do so, he must receive a blessing from a member of his family using an Aztec marigold petal that can undo the curse placed upon him by stealing Ernesto's guitar. Imelda offers Miguel a blessing but on the condition that he abandon his musical pursuits when he returns to the Land of the Living; Miguel refuses and attempts to seek Ernesto's blessing.

text: Miguel encounters Héctor, a down-on-his-luck skeleton who once played with Ernesto and offers to help Miguel reach him. In return, Héctor asks Miguel to take his photo back to the Land of the Living so he can visit his daughter before she forgets him and he disappears completely. Héctor attempts to return Miguel to his relatives, but Miguel escapes and infiltrates Ernesto's mansion, learning along the way that an old friendship between the two deteriorated before Héctor's death. Ernesto welcomes Miguel as his descendant, but Héctor confronts them, imploring Miguel to take his photo. Héctor soon realizes that Ernesto poisoned him to death and stole the songs he had written, passing them off as his own to become famous. Ernesto steals Héctor's photo and has him and Miguel thrown into a cenote pit.

text: Miguel realizes that Héctor is his actual great-great-grandfather and that Coco is his daughter, the only living person who still remembers him. With the help of Dante – who turns into an alebrije – the dead Riveras find and rescue them. Miguel reveals that Héctor's decision to return home to her and Coco resulted in his death, and Imelda and Héctor reconcile. They infiltrate Ernesto's sunrise concert to retrieve Héctor's photo from Ernesto and expose his crimes. Ernesto is crushed by a falling church bell as in his previous life, but the photo falls into the water and disappears.

text: As the sun rises, Héctor is in danger of being forgotten and disappearing. Imelda blesses Miguel without conditions so he can return to the Land of the Living, where he plays a song for Coco that Héctor wrote for her during her childhood. The song sparks her memory of Héctor and revitalizes her, and she gives Miguel the torn-out piece of the photo from the ofrenda, which shows Héctor's face. Elena reconciles with Miguel, accepting both him and music back into the family.

text: One year later, Miguel proudly presents the family ofrenda – featuring a photo of the now deceased Coco – to his new baby sister. Letters saved by Coco contain proof that Ernesto stole Héctor's music; as a result, Ernesto's legacy is destroyed and the public honors Héctor in his place. In the Land of the Dead, Héctor and Imelda join Coco for a visit to the living Riveras as Miguel sings and plays for his relatives, both dead and living.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Anthony Gonzalez as Miguel Rivera, a 12-year-old aspiring musician.[11][19]
Gael García Bernal as Héctor Rivera, a charming trickster in the Land of the Dead, who enlists Miguel to help him visit the Land of the Living, and is later revealed to be Miguel's great-great grandfather, Imelda's husband, Coco's father and the patriarch of the Rivera family.[11]

Bernal also voices Héctor in the Spanish version.[20]

Benjamin Bratt as Ernesto de la Cruz, the most famous musician in the history of Mexico and Miguel's idol. Revered by fans worldwide until his untimely death, the charming and charismatic musician is even more beloved in the Land of the Dead. In reality, he is a fraud who murdered his partner Héctor and stole his songs.[11][21]

Antonio Sol provides de la Cruz's singing voice, except for "Remember Me".[22]

Alanna Ubach as Mamá Imelda Rivera, Miguel's late great-great-grandmother, Héctor's wife, Coco's mother and the matriarch of the Rivera family.[19]
Renée Victor as Abuelita Elena Rivera, Miguel's grandmother who strictly enforces the ban on music.[11]
Ana Ofelia Murguía as Mamá Socorro "Coco" Rivera, Miguel's great-grandmother and the daughter of Héctor and Imelda.[23]
Edward James Olmos as Chicharrón, a friend of Hector's who is forgotten in the Land of the Dead.[19]
Alfonso Arau as Papá Julio Rivera, Miguel's late great-grandfather and Coco's husband.[19]

Arau also voices Papá Julio in the Spanish version.[24]

Selene Luna as Tía Rosita Rivera, Miguel's late great-grandaunt, Julio's sister.[19]
Dyana Ortellí as Tía Victoria Rivera, Miguel's late grandaunt, Abuelita's sister.[19]
Herbert Sigüenza as Tío Oscar and Felipe Rivera, Miguel’s late identical twin great-great granduncles.[19]
Jaime Camil as Papá Enrique Rivera, Miguel's father.[19]
Sofía Espinosa as Mamá Luisa Rivera, Miguel's mother. She is pregnant with her second child during the events of the movie.[19]

Espinosa also voices Mamá Luisa in the Spanish version.[25]

Luis Valdez as Tío Berto Rivera, Miguel's uncle.[19]

Valdez also voices Don Hidalgo.

Polo Rojas as Abel Rivera, Miguel's cousin.
Montse Hernandez as Rosa Rivera, Miguel's cousin.
Lombardo Boyar as a Mariachi whom Miguel meets in Santa Cecilia Plaza.[19]

Boyar also voices Gustavo, a musician of the Land of the Dead

Octavio Solis as the Arrival Agent[19]
Gabriel Iglesias as the Head Clerk[19]
Cheech Marin as a Corrections Officer[19]
Carla Medina as Departure Agent[19]

Medina also voices the departure agent in the Spanish version.[26]

Blanca Araceli as an Emcee[19]
Natalia Cordova-Buckley as Frida Kahlo[27]
Salvador Reyes as Security Guard[19]
John Ratzenberger as Juan Ortodoncia,[28] a skeleton in the Land of the Dead with bad teeth

text: Production[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2017)

text: Lee Unkrich first pitched an idea for the film in 2010, when Toy Story 3, which he also directed, was released.[11] Initially the film was to be about an American child, learning about his Mexican heritage, while dealing with the death of his mother. Eventually the team realized that this was the wrong approach and reformed the film to focus on a Mexican child instead.[29] Of the original version Unkrich noted that it "reflected the fact that none of us at the time were from Mexico."[29] The fact that the film depicted "a real culture" caused anxiety for Unkrich who "felt an enormous responsibility on my shoulders to do it right."[29]

text: The Pixar team made several trips to Mexico to help define the characters and story of Coco. Unkrich said, "I'd seen it portrayed in folk art. It was something about the juxtaposition of skeletons with bright, festive colors that captured my imagination. It has led me down a winding path of discovery. And the more I learn about [el] Día de los Muertos, the more it affects me deeply."[30] The team found it difficult working with skeletal creatures, as they lacked any muscular system, and as such had to be animated differently from their human counterparts.[31]

text: On April 13, 2016, Unkrich announced that they had begun work on the animation.[32] The film's writer, Adrian Molina, was promoted to co-director in 2016.[11]

text: Disney made a request to trademark the phrase "Día de los Muertos" for merchandising applications. This was met with criticism from the Mexican American community in the United States.[33] Lalo Alcaraz, a Mexican American cartoonist, who drew a film poster, titled "Muerto Mouse", depicting a skeletal Godzilla-sized Mickey Mouse with the byline "It's coming to trademark your cultura."[34] More than 21,000 people signed a petition on Change.org stating that the trademark was "cultural appropriation and exploitation at its worst."[33] A week later, Disney cancelled the attempt, with the official statement saying that the "trademark filing was intended to protect any title for our film and related activities. It has since been determined that the title of the film will change, and therefore we are withdrawing our trademark filing."[35] In 2015, Pixar hired Alcaraz to consult on the film,[34] joining playwright Octavio Solis and former CEO of the Mexican Heritage Corp. Marcela Davison Aviles, to form a cultural consultant group.[11]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The film's score was composed by Michael Giacchino. Germaine Franco, Adrian Molina, Robert Lopez, and Kristen Anderson-Lopez wrote the songs.[1] Recording for the score began on August 14, 2017.[36] The score was released on November 10, 2017.[37]

text:
Coco (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Soundtrack album by Various Artists

Released
November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10)

Genre
Mariachi, Salsa, Bolero, Flamenco, Pop, Mexican Son

Length
78:17

Label
Walt Disney

Pixar chronology

Cars 3
(2017)Cars 32017
Coco
(2017)
Incredibles 2
(2018)Incredibles 22018

Michael Giacchino chronology

War for the Planet of the Apes
(2017) War for the Planet of the Apes2017
Coco
(2017) Coco2017
Incredibles 2
(2018) Incredibles 22018

text: All music composed by Michael Giacchino except where indicated.

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Remember Me"
Kristen Anderson-Lopez & Robert Lopez
Benjamin Bratt
1:49

2.
"Much Needed Advice"
Germaine Franco, Michael Giacchino, & Adrian Molina
Bratt & Antonio Sol
1:46

3.
"Everyone Knows Juanita"
Franco & Molina
Gael García Bernal
1:15

4.
"Un Poco Loco"
Franco & Molina
García Bernal & Anthony Gonzalez
1:52

5.
"Jálale (Instrumental)"
Holger Beier, Pat Beier, & Camilo Lara
Mexican Institute of Sound
2:55

6.
"The World Es Mi Familia"
Franco & Molina
Gonzalez & Sol
0:51

7.
"Remember Me (Lullaby)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
García Bernal, Gabriella Flores & Libertad García Fonzi
1:10

8.
"La Llorona"
Traditional
Sol & Alanna Ubach
2:46

9.
"Remember Me (Reunion)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Gonzalez & Ana Ofelia Murguía
1:14

10.
"Proud Corazón"
Franco & Molina
Gonzalez
2:04

11.
"Remember Me (Dúo)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Natalia Lafourcade & Miguel
2:44

12.
"Will He Shoemaker?"

3:18

13.
"Shrine and Dash"

1:24

14.
"Miguel's Got an Axe to Find"

1:17

15.
"The Strum of Destiny"

1:10

16.
"It's All Relative"

2:38

17.
"Crossing the Marigold Bridge"

1:49

18.
"Dept. of Family Reunions"

2:45

19.
"The Skeleton Key to Escape"

1:10

20.
"The Newbie Skeleton Walk"

1:08

21.
"Adiós Chicharrón"

1:45

22.
"Plaza de la Cruz"

0:21

23.
"Family Doubtings"

2:24

24.
"Taking Sides"

0:57

25.
"Fiesta Espactacular"

0:56

26.
"Fiesta con de la Cruz"

2:33

27.
"I Have a Great-Great-Grandson"

1:15

28.
"A Blessing and a Fessing"

4:45

29.
"Cave Dwelling on the Past"

2:22

30.
"Somos Familia"

2:21

31.
"Reunión Familiar de Rivera"

3:04

32.
"A Family Dysfunction"

2:00

33.
"Grabbing a Photo Opportunity"

1:47

34.
"The Show Must Go On"

2:32

35.
"For Whom the Bell Tolls"

2:02

36.
"A Run for the Ages"

1:50

37.
"One Year Later"

1:00

38.
"Coco – Día de los Muertos Suite"

5:47

Total length:
78:17

text:
[show]Banda Sonora Original[38]

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Recuérdame (Interpretada por Ernesto De la Cruz)"
Kristen Anderson-Lopez & Robert Lopez
Marco Antonio Solís
1:49

2.
"Dueto a Través del Tiempo"
Germaine Franco, Michael Giacchino, & Adrian Molina
Solís
1:45

3.
"Juanita"
Franco & Molina
Gael García Bernal
1:15

4.
"Un Poco Loco"
Franco & Molina
García Bernal & Luis Ángel Gómez Jaramillo
1:52

5.
"Jálale (Instrumental)"
Holger Beier, Pat Beier, & Camilo Lara
Mexican Institute of Sound
2:54

6.
"El Mundo es mi Familia"
Franco & Molina
Gómez Jaramillo & Solís
0:50

7.
"Recuérdame (Arrullo)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
García Bernal & Lucy Hernández
1:09

8.
"La Llorona"
Traditional
Solís & Angélica Vale
2:45

9.
"Recuérdame (Reencuentro)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Rocío Garcel & Gómez Jaramillo
1:13

10.
"El Latido de mi Corazón"
Franco & Molina
Gómez Jaramillo
2:01

11.
"Recuérdame"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Carlos Rivera
2:43

12.
"Remember Me (Dúo)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Natalia Lafourcade & Miguel
2:44

13.
"El corrido de Miguel Rivera (Inspirado en "Coco")"

Bronco
3:57

14.
"La bikina (Inspirado en "Coco")"
Rubén Fuentes
Karol Sevilla
2:56

15.
"Bésame mucho (Inspirado en "Coco")"
Consuelo Velázquez
Jorge Blanco
2:57

16.
"Un mundo raro (Inspirado en "Coco")"

La Santa Cecilia
3:27

17.
"Recuérdame (Solo) (Inspirado en "Coco")"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Lafourcade
2:43

text:
[show]Banda Sonora Original (Disc 2)

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Will He Shoemaker?"
3:18

2.
"Shrine and Dash"
1:24

3.
"Miguel's Got an Axe to Find"
1:17

4.
"The Strum of Destiny"
1:10

5.
"It's All Relative"
2:38

6.
"Crossing the Marigold Bridge"
1:49

7.
"Dept. of Family Reunions"
2:45

8.
"The Skeleton Key to Escape"
1:10

9.
"The Newbie Skeleton Walk"
1:08

10.
"Adiós Chicharrón"
1:45

11.
"Plaza de la Cruz"
0:21

12.
"Family Doubtings"
2:24

13.
"Taking Sides"
0:57

14.
"Fiesta Espactacular"
0:56

15.
"Fiesta con de la Cruz"
2:33

16.
"I Have a Great-Great-Grandson"
1:15

17.
"A Blessing and a Fessing"
4:45

18.
"Cave Dwelling on the Past"
2:22

19.
"Somos Familia"
2:21

20.
"Reunión Familiar de Rivera"
3:04

21.
"A Family Dysfunction"
2:00

22.
"Grabbing a Photo Opportunity"
1:47

23.
"The Show Must Go On"
2:32

24.
"For Whom the Bell Tolls"
2:02

25.
"A Run for the Ages"
1:50

26.
"One Year Later"
1:00

27.
"Coco – Día de los Muertos Suite"
5:47

text:
[show]Banda Sonora Original em Português[39]

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"Lembra-te de Mim (Ernesto de la Cruz)"
Kristen Anderson-Lopez & Robert Lopez
Mário Redondo
1:49

2.
"Conselho Muito Necessário"
Germaine Franco, Michael Giacchino, & Adrian Molina
Redondo
1:45

3.
"Quem Não Conhece a Juanita?"
Franco & Molina
Pedro Leitão
1:15

4.
"Un Poco Loco"
Franco & Molina
Joao Pedro Gonçalves & Leitão
1:52

5.
"Jálale (Instrumental)"
Holger Beier, Pat Beier, & Camilo Lara
Mexican Institute of Sound
2:54

6.
"O Mundo es Mi Família"
Franco & Molina
Gonçalves & Redondo
0:50

7.
"Lembra-te de Mim (Canção de Embalar)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Leitão & Maria Galante
1:09

8.
"La Llorona"
Traditional
Alanna Ubach & Antonio Sol
2:45

9.
"Lembra-te de Mim (Reunião)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Gonçalves & Ermelinda Duarte
1:13

10.
"Pulsar do Meu Corazón"
Franco & Molina
Gonçalves
2:03

11.
"Remember Me (Dúo)"
Anderson-Lopez & Lopez
Natalia Lafourcade & Miguel
2:44

12.
"Will He Shoemaker?"

3:18

13.
"Shrine and Dash"

1:24

14.
"Miguel's Got an Axe to Find"

1:17

15.
"The Strum of Destiny"

1:10

16.
"It's All Relative"

2:38

17.
"Crossing the Marigold Bridge"

1:49

18.
"Dept. of Family Reunions"

2:45

19.
"The Skeleton Key to Escape"

1:10

20.
"The Newbie Skeleton Walk"

1:08

21.
"Adiós Chicharrón"

1:45

22.
"Plaza de la Cruz"

0:21

23.
"Family Doubtings"

2:24

24.
"Taking Sides"

0:57

25.
"Fiesta Espactacular"

0:56

26.
"Fiesta con de la Cruz"

2:33

27.
"I Have a Great-Great-Grandson"

1:15

28.
"A Blessing and a Fessing"

4:45

29.
"Cave Dwelling on the Past"

2:22

30.
"Somos Familia"

2:21

31.
"Reunión Familiar de Rivera"

3:04

32.
"A Family Dysfunction"

2:00

33.
"Grabbing a Photo Opportunity"

1:47

34.
"The Show Must Go On"

2:32

35.
"For Whom the Bell Tolls"

2:02

36.
"A Run for the Ages"

1:50

37.
"One Year Later"

1:00

38.
"Coco – Día de los Muertos Suite"

5:47

text: Release[edit]

text: Coco was released in Mexico on October 27, 2017, the weekend before Día de Muertos. The film was released in the United States on November 22, 2017, during the Thanksgiving weekend, and three weeks after Día de Muertos, and in the United Kingdom on January 19, 2018.[40] The film was released in a crowded market, preceded by Thor: Ragnarok, Justice League and another animated film, The Star, and followed by Star Wars: The Last Jedi and another animated film, Ferdinand three weeks after Thanksgiving. It is one of the three Disney film productions being released in the November–December corridor.[41] It is the second Pixar offering of the year, following Cars 3, with 2017 being the second year Pixar released two films, after 2015 (with Inside Out and The Good Dinosaur).[42][43][44] The film was accompanied in theaters by Walt Disney Animation Studios' 21-minute featurette Olaf's Frozen Adventure as a limited time offering,[45] featuring the characters from Frozen, making Coco the first musical film not to be accompanied by a Pixar short in theaters since their first, Toy Story, in 1995.[46]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The first teaser trailer was released on March 15, 2017, two days before Disney's Beauty and the Beast opened worldwide.[41] The teaser trailer introduced the basic concept of the film, while highlighting its focus on music.[47] Scott Mendelson of Forbes praised the trailer as "a terrific old-school Pixar sell, mostly consisting of a single sequence and offering just the barest hint of what's to come."[41] The film's themes and imagery drew comparison to another animated film that centered around Día de Muertos, The Book of Life (2014).[48][47] A two-minute short film, titled Dante's Lunch—A Short Tail, was released online on March 29, 2017. It introduces the film's supporting character, a Xoloitzcuintle named Dante. The short was created early in the animation process by Unkrich and his team to have a better sense of the character.[49] The first official trailer was released on June 7, 2017,[50] followed by a second trailer on September 13.[51] The film was marketed extensively in Mexico, including traditional wall-painted advertising usually used for local events and never for films.[citation needed] A movie chain in the country[which one?] held a contest for dubbing a character in the film,[52] and another movie chain[which one?] held a contest to become an interviewer for the cast and crew of the film.[53]

text: The film will also have its own VR game, Pixar's first VR development.[54]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of January 21, 2018[update], Coco has grossed $200.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $455.2 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $655.9 million.[9]

text: United States and Canada[edit]

text: In the United States and Canada, Coco was projected to gross $55–65 million from 3,987 theaters in its first five days, including around $40 million in its opening weekend.[55] It made $2.3 million from Tuesday night previews, landing between Disney's previous two November releases Moana ($2.6 million) and The Good Dinosaur ($1.3 million), and $13.2 million on its first day. It went on to debut to $50.8 million (including a five-day total of $72.9 million), finishing first at the box office.[56] It was the 4th-biggest Thanksgiving opening weekend ever, behind fellow animated films Frozen, Moana and Toy Story 2.[6]

text: In its second weekend, the film dropped by 46% to $27.5 million, a smaller drop than Moana, Frozen, Tangled, and The Good Dinosaur, and again topping the box office.[57][58] It topped the box office once again in its third weekend, dropping by 33% and grossing $18.5 million, a similar hold to Moana.[59] It became the fourth film of 2017 to top the box office three times, following Split, The Fate of the Furious and The Hitman's Bodyguard, before being overtaken by Disney's own Star Wars: The Last Jedi and another animated film, Ferdinand, in its fourth weekend.[60][61]

text: It fell to number six in its fifth weekend, due to competition from three new releases—Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle, Pitch Perfect 3, and The Greatest Showman—despite a small drop again; it grossed $2.8 million on Christmas Day.[62] On the holiday week of December 22–28, the film finished at number six with a gross of $16.3 million, which was 6% up from the previous week, despite losing over 1,000 theaters.[63] It finished at number six in its sixth weekend, going up 39% and 87%, respectively, during the three-day[64] and four-day weekends;[65] it grossed $2.6 million on New Year's Day.[66]

text: It fell outside the top ten in its eighth weekend (which included Martin Luther King Jr. Day), dropping 38% and 14% respectively, during the three-day[67] and four-day weekends.[68]

text: Other territories[edit]

text: Coco was released in Mexico on October 27, nearly a month before its release in the United States. It grossed $9.3 million on its opening weekend, the biggest opening weekend for an original animated film and the biggest debut for an animated film outside of the summer movie season in the market.[69] In its second weekend, it earned another $10.8 million, a 12% increase over its first weekend, bringing its total to $28 million. It became the fastest ten-day grosser ever for an animated feature in Mexico, as well as the biggest original animated release ever in the territory.[70][71] It dropped by 23% in its third weekend, grossing $8.4 million. That brought its total to MX$792 million (US$41.4 million), making it the highest-grossing animated film and the second-highest grossing film of all time in Mexico, behind Disney's own The Avengers, in local currency.[72] A few days later, on November 15, it passed The Avengers to become the highest-grossing film in the market of Mexico.[14][15][16][17]

text: In China, Coco finished number one at the weekend box office, with a three-day total of $18.2 million, making it the second-highest opening ever for a Disney or Pixar animated release in that market, behind Zootopia.[73][74] After seeing increases each weekday on its first week,[75] the film increased by 148% on its second weekend, bringing its total to $75.6 million in the market.[58][76] It dropped by 21% in its third weekend, finishing first once again and grossing $35 million.[77] The film fell to number three in its fourth weekend, due to competition from two new domestic releases, grossing an additional $17.1 million.[78] Coco's success in China came as a surprise to most box office analysts who were projecting a gross of $30–40 million. By its second weekend, it had become the highest-grossing Pixar release ever in China, nearly doubling previous record-holder Finding Dory, and by its fifth weekend, it had surpassed Despicable Me 3 to become the second highest-grossing animated movie of all time in the country, behind Zootopia.[79][80] As of December 25, 2017, the film's largest markets were China ($180.9 million), Mexico ($57.8 million), France ($28.6 million), Spain ($16.8 million), Italy ($11.1) and Germany ($9.9 million).[81][82]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 97%, based on 254 reviews, with an average rating of 8.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Coco's rich visual pleasures are matched by a thoughtful narrative that takes a family-friendly—and deeply affecting—approach to questions of culture, family, life, and death."[83] It was the site's highest-rated animated film and ninth highest-rated wide release of 2017.[84][85] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 81 out of 100, based on 48 critics, indicating "universal acclaim."[86] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, one of fewer than 80 films in the history of the service to receive such a score. It is also the 6th Pixar film to earn the rating, and the first since Up in 2009.[6]

text: Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter said, "At every imaginative juncture, the filmmakers (the screenplay is credited to Pixar veteran Molina and Matthew Aldrich) create a richly woven tapestry of comprehensively researched storytelling, fully dimensional characters, clever touches both tender and amusingly macabre, and vivid, beautifully textured visuals."[87] Robert Abele of TheWrap praised the film, saying: "If an animated movie is going to offer children a way to process death, it's hard to envision a more spirited, touching and breezily entertaining example than Coco."[88] In his review for Variety, Peter Debruge wrote, "In any case, it works: Coco's creators clearly had the perfect ending in mind before they'd nailed down all the other details, and though the movie drags in places, and features a few too many childish gags... the story's sincere emotional resolution earns the sobs it's sure to inspire." Debruge also described the film as "[An] effective yet hardly exceptional addition to the Pixar oeuvre."[89] Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film four out of four stars, writing that "There's a touch of Japanese master Hayao Miyazaki in the film's matter-of-fact depiction of the dead interacting with the living, as well as its portrayal of certain creatures" such as Dante and Pepita. He concluded his review by stating, "I had some minor quibbles about [Coco] while I was watching it, but I can't remember what they were. This film is a classic."[90]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone rated the film 3.5 stars out of four, calling it a "loving tribute to Mexican culture", while praising the animation, vocal performances (particularly Gonzalez, Bernal, and Bratt), and its emotional and thematic tone and depth.[91] The Chicago Tribune's Michael Phillips called the film "vividly good, beautifully animated", praising Giacchino's musical score and the songs, as well drawing a comparison to the emotional tone of Inside Out.[92] A. O. Scott of The New York Times praised the film as "a time-tested tune with captivating originality and flair, and with roving, playful pop-culture erudition", and called the film's cultural vibe "inclusive" and "a 21st-century Disney hallmark".[93] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times found the film to be "full of life" and deemed it "a bouncy and heart-tugging adventure", while lauding the vocal performances as "fantastic" and "first-rate".[94] Brian Truitt of USA Today described the film as "effervescent, clever and thoughtful," calling it one of "Pixar's most gorgeously animated outings", and "the most musical Pixar film, with a host of catchy tunes".[95] Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger wrote that the backgrounds "have a vibrancy, and its atmosphere carries a warmth. And even after it's done, both linger, just a bit—like a perfectly struck guitar chord".[96]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Coco was nominated for various awards and won a number of them, including several for Best Animated Feature.[97] The song "Remember Me" was particularly praised. At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, it was nominated for Best Animated Feature Film and Best Original Song.[98] It led the 45th Annie Awards with most nominations, garnering thirteen, among them Best Animated Feature, Outstanding Achievement for Directing in an Animated Feature Production, Outstanding Achievement for Writing in an Animated Feature Production, and Outstanding Achievement for Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production for Gonzalez.[99]


document_title: List of members of the United Nations Security Council

question_text: when did nepal got temporary membership of un security council

text: Current membership[edit]

text:
Country
Regional Group
Member since

 People's Republic of China
Asia-Pacific Group
1971, replaced the Republic of China

 France
Western European and Others Group
1946

 Russian Federation
Eastern European Group
1991, replaced the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

 United Kingdom
Western European and Others Group
1946

 United States
Western European and Others Group
1946

text:
Country
Regional Group
Term began
Term ends

 Bolivia
Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC)
2017
2018

 Equatorial Guinea
African Group
2018
2019

 Ethiopia
African Group
2017
2018

 Ivory Coast
African Group
2018
2019

 Kazakhstan
Asia-Pacific Group
2017
2018

 Kuwait
Asia-Pacific Group
2018
2019

 Netherlands
Western European and Others Group
2017
2018

 Peru
Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC)
2018
2019

 Poland
Eastern European Group
2018
2019

 Sweden
Western European and Others Group
2017
2018

text: *During the 2016 Security Council elections, Italy and the Netherlands agreed to split a two-year term, in which Italy would serve from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017 and the Netherlands would subsequently serve from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018.[1][2]

text: Regional Groups[edit]

text:
African Group: 3 members
Asia-Pacific Group:[a] 2 members
Eastern European Group (CEIT, or Countries with Economies in Transition): 1 member
Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC): 2 members
Western European and Others Group (WEOG): 2 members; at least one of these must be from Western Europe[3]

text: In addition, one of the non-permanent members of the council is an Arab country, alternately from the African or Asia-Pacific groups. This rule was added to the system in 1967 for it to be applied beginning with 1968.

text: Each year the UN General Assembly elects five new members for a two-year term; these elections always begin in October of the year, and continue until the two-thirds majority for the number of countries for each region has been reached. Re-election is allowed, but the term must not be consecutive.

text:
Term beginning in years that are:
Odd
Even

African Group
one member
two members *

Asia-Pacific Group
one member
one member *

Eastern European Group
none
one member

Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC)
one member
one member

Western European and Others Group
two members
none

text: * The representative of Arab nations alternates between these two elected spaces.

text: Previous and future Security Council composition[edit]

text: From 1946 to 1965, the security council included six non-permanent members. The regional grouping at that time was:

text:
Latin America: 2 members
Commonwealth of Nations: 1 member
Eastern Europe: 1 member
Middle East: 1 member
Western Europe: 1 member

text: There were some exceptions to this grouping: Liberia took the place of a Western European country in 1961; the Ivory Coast substituted a member of the Commonwealth in 1964–1965; and the Eastern Europe group included Asian countries from 1956.

text: As part of a proposed expansion of the Security Council, Brazil, Germany, India and Japan, collectively the Group of 4 or G4 nations, are seeking permanent representation on this body. Italy opposed the expansion of the Security Council through the establishment of the group Uniting for Consensus.

text: Membership by year[edit]

text: Permanent[edit]

text:
Year
Permanent seats

1945–1948
 Republic of China
 France
 Soviet Union
 United Kingdom
 United States

1949–1970
 Republic of China (Taiwan)

1971–1991
 People's Republic of China

1992–present
 Russian Federation

text: Non-permanent (1946–1965)[edit]

text:
Year
Latin American Seats
Commonwealth Seat
Eastern European
& Asian Seat[b]
Middle Eastern Seat
Western European Seat

1946
 Brazil
 Mexico
 Australia
 Poland
 Egypt
 Netherlands

1947
 Colombia
 Syria
 Belgium

1948
 Argentina
 Canada
 Ukraine

1949
 Cuba
 Egypt
 Norway

1950
 Ecuador
 India
 Yugoslavia

1951
 Brazil
 Turkey
 Netherlands

1952
 Chile
 Pakistan
 Greece

1953
 Colombia
 Lebanon
 Denmark

1954
 Brazil
 New Zealand
 Turkey

1955
 Peru
 Iran
 Belgium

1956
 Cuba
 Australia
 Yugoslavia

1957
 Colombia
 Philippines
 Iraq
 Sweden

1958
 Panama
 Canada
 Japan

1959
 Argentina
 Tunisia
 Italy

1960
 Ecuador
 Ceylon
 Poland

1961
 Chile
 Turkey
 United Arab Republic
 Liberia[c]

1962
 Venezuela
 Ghana
 Romania
 Ireland

1963
 Brazil
 Philippines
 Morocco[d]
 Norway

1964
 Bolivia
 Ivory Coast[e]
 Czechoslovakia

1965
 Uruguay
 Malaysia
 Jordan
 Netherlands

text: Non-permanent (1966–present)[edit]

text:
Year
African Group
Asia-Pacific Group
Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC)
Western European and Others Group
Eastern European Group

* indicates Arab nations' representative

1966
 Mali
 Nigeria
 Uganda
 Japan
 Jordan *
 Argentina
 Uruguay
 Netherlands
 New Zealand
 Bulgaria

1967
 Ethiopia
 India
 Brazil
 Canada
 Denmark

1968
 Algeria *
 Senegal
 Pakistan
 Paraguay
 Hungary

1969
 Zambia
   Nepal
 Colombia
 Finland
 Spain

1970
 Burundi
 Sierra Leone
 Syria *
 Nicaragua
 Poland

1971
 Somalia
 Japan
 Argentina
 Belgium
 Italy

1972
 Guinea
 Sudan *
 India
 Panama
 Yugoslavia

1973
 Kenya
 Indonesia
 Peru
 Australia
 Austria

1974
 Cameroon
 Mauritania
 Iraq *
 Costa Rica
 Byelorussia

1975
 Tanzania
 Japan
 Guyana
 Italy
 Sweden

1976
 Benin
 Libya *
 Pakistan
 Panama
 Romania

1977
 Mauritius
 India
 Venezuela
 Canada
 West Germany

1978
 Gabon
 Nigeria
 Kuwait *
 Bolivia
 Czechoslovakia

1979
 Zambia
 Bangladesh
 Jamaica
 Norway
 Portugal

1980
 Niger
 Tunisia *
 Philippines
 Mexico
 East Germany

1981
 Uganda
 Japan
 Panama
 Ireland
 Spain

1982
 Togo
 Zaire
 Jordan *
 Guyana
 Poland

1983
 Zimbabwe
 Pakistan
 Nicaragua
 Malta
 Netherlands

1984
 Burkina Faso[f]
 Egypt *
 India
 Peru
 Ukraine

1985
 Madagascar
 Thailand
 Trinidad and Tobago
 Australia
 Denmark

1986
 Congo
 Ghana
 United Arab Emirates *
 Venezuela
 Bulgaria

1987
 Zambia
 Japan
 Argentina
 West Germany
 Italy

1988
 Algeria *
 Senegal
   Nepal
 Brazil
 Yugoslavia

1989
 Ethiopia
 Malaysia
 Colombia
 Canada
 Finland

1990
 Ivory Coast
 Zaire
 Yemen *[g]
 Cuba
 Romania

1991
 Zimbabwe
 India
 Ecuador
 Austria
 Belgium

1992
 Cape Verde
 Morocco *
 Japan
 Venezuela
 Hungary

1993
 Djibouti
 Pakistan
 Brazil
 New Zealand
 Spain

1994
 Nigeria
 Rwanda
 Oman *
 Argentina
 Czech Republic

1995
 Botswana
 Indonesia
 Honduras
 Germany
 Italy

1996
 Egypt *
 Guinea-Bissau
 South Korea
 Chile
 Poland

1997
 Kenya
 Japan
 Costa Rica
 Portugal
 Sweden

1998
 Gabon
 Gambia
 Bahrain *
 Brazil
 Slovenia

1999
 Namibia
 Malaysia
 Argentina
 Canada
 Netherlands

2000
 Mali
 Tunisia *
 Bangladesh
 Jamaica
 Ukraine

2001
 Mauritius
 Singapore
 Colombia
 Ireland
 Norway

2002
 Cameroon
 Guinea
 Syria *
 Mexico
 Bulgaria

2003
 Angola
 Pakistan
 Chile
 Germany
 Spain

2004
 Algeria *
 Benin
 Philippines
 Brazil
 Romania

2005
 Tanzania
 Japan
 Argentina
 Denmark
 Greece

2006
 Ghana
 Congo
 Qatar *
 Peru
 Slovakia

2007
 South Africa
 Indonesia
 Panama
 Belgium
 Italy

2008
 Burkina Faso
 Libya *
 Vietnam
 Costa Rica
 Croatia

2009
 Uganda
 Japan
 Mexico
 Austria
 Turkey

2010
 Gabon
 Nigeria
 Lebanon *
 Brazil
 Bosnia and Herzegovina

2011
 South Africa
 India
 Colombia
 Germany
 Portugal

2012
 Morocco *
 Togo
 Pakistan
 Guatemala
 Azerbaijan

2013
 Rwanda
 South Korea
 Argentina
 Australia
 Luxembourg

2014
 Chad
 Nigeria
 Jordan *
 Chile
 Lithuania

2015
 Angola
 Malaysia
 Venezuela
 New Zealand
 Spain

2016
 Egypt *
 Senegal
 Japan
 Uruguay
 Ukraine

2017
 Ethiopia
 Kazakhstan
 Bolivia
 Italy
 Sweden

2018
 Ivory Coast
 Equatorial Guinea
 Kuwait *
 Peru
 Netherlands[2]
 Poland

text: List by number of years as Security Council member[edit]

text: This list contains the 130 United Nations member states so far elected to the United Nations Security Council, including the five permanent members, all listed by number of years each country has so far spent on the UNSC. Of all the members, 6 have so far ceased to exist, leaving the list with 124 modern nations. These, combined with the 69 modern nations that have never been elected to the UNSC to date (see Non-members, below), make up the entirety of the 193 current members of the UN.

text: Years on the Security Council, as of 2016, including current year where relevant :

text:
Years[h]
Country
First Year
Most Recent Year
Regional Group
Notes

71
 France
1946
2017
WEOG
Permanent member

71
 United Kingdom
1946
2017
WEOG
Permanent member

71
 United States
1946
2017
WEOG
Permanent member

46
 Soviet Union
1946
1991
E. European
Former permanent member, replaced by Russian Federation

45
 People's Republic of China
1971
2017
Asia-Pacific
Permanent member

25
 Republic of China
1946
1971
Asian
Former permanent member, replaced by People's Republic of China

25
 Russian Federation
1991
2017
E. European
Permanent member

21
 Japan
1958
2017
Asia-Pacific
Current membership of Security Council expires 31 December 2017

20
 Brazil
1946
2011
GRULAC

18
 Argentina
1948
2014
GRULAC

14
 Colombia
1947
2012
GRULAC

14
 India
1950
2012
Asia-Pacific

14
 Pakistan
1952
2013
Asia-Pacific

12
 Canada
1948
2000
WEOG

12
 Italy
1959
2017
WEOG

10
 Australia
1946
2014
WEOG

10
 Belgium
1947
2008
WEOG

10
 Chile
1952
2015
GRULAC

10
 Egypt
1946
2017
African (Arabic)
Includes 2 years with the seat held in the name of the United Arab Republic, of which for more than 15 months UAR served as the name of modern-day Egypt; current membership of Security Council expires 31 December 2017

10
 Germany
1977
2012
WEOG
Includes 4 years when the Federal Republic of Germany consisted only of West Germany (but does not include East Germany's 2 years, listed separately below)

10
 Nigeria
1966
2015
African

10
 Panama
1958
2008
GRULAC

10
 Spain
1969
2016
WEOG

10
 Venezuela
1962
2016
GRULAC

9
 Netherlands
1946
2000
WEOG

9
 Poland
1946
1997
E. European

8
 Denmark
1953
2006
WEOG

8
 Norway
1949
2002
WEOG

8
 Peru
1955
2007
GRULAC

7
 Malaysia
1965
2016
Asia-Pacific

7
 Mexico
1946
2010
GRULAC

7
 New Zealand
1954
2016
WEOG

7
 Romania
1962
2005
E. European

7
 Syria
1947
2003
Asia-Pacific (Arabic)
Includes one year (1961) during which the United Arab Republic was a member, for the greater part of which Syria was a member of that union

7
 Turkey
1951
2010
WEOG

7
 Ukraine
1948
2016
E. European
Includes 4 years of membership under the name of  Ukrainian SSR; Ukrainian SSR held its own seat in the General Assembly while being part of the Soviet Union during its 45 years of Security Council membership; current membership of Security Council expires in December 2017

7
 Yugoslavia
1950
1989
E. European
Predecessor of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia

6
 Algeria
1968
1989
African (Arabic)

6
 Austria
1973
2010
WEOG

6
 Bulgaria
1966
2003
E. European

6
 Costa Rica
1974
2009
GRULAC

6
 Cuba
1949
1991
GRULAC

6
 Ecuador
1950
1992
GRULAC

6
 Gabon
1978
2011
African

6
 Ghana
1962
2007
African

6
 Indonesia
1973
2008
Asia-Pacific

6
 Jordan
1965
2015
Asia-Pacific (Arabic)

6
 Morocco
1963
2013
African (Arabic)

6
 Philippines
1957
2004
Asia-Pacific

6
 Portugal
1979
2012
WEOG

6
 Sweden
1957
1998
WEOG

6
 Tunisia
1959
2003
African (Arabic)

6
 Zambia
1969
1988
African

5
 Ireland
1962
2002
WEOG

5
 Senegal
1968
2017
African
Current membership of Security Council expires 31 December 2017

5
 Uganda
1966
2010
African

4
 Angola
2003
2016
African

4
 Bangladesh
1979
2001
Asia-Pacific

4
 Benin
1976
2005
African

4
 Bolivia
1964
1979
GRULAC

4
 Burkina Faso
1984
2009
African
For first 7 months of membership of the Security council in 1984 was known as Upper Volta.

4
 Cameroon
1974
2003
African

4
 Côte d'Ivoire
1964
1991
African

4
 Ethiopia
1967
1990
African

4
 Finland
1969
1990
WEOG

4
 Greece
1952
2006
WEOG

4
 Guinea
1972
2003
African

4
 Guyana
1975
1983
GRULAC

4
 Hungary
1968
1993
E. European

4
 Iraq
1957
1975
Asia-Pacific (Arabic)

4
 Jamaica
1979
2001
GRULAC

4
 Kenya
1973
1998
African

4
 Lebanon
1953
2011
Asia-Pacific (Arabic)

4
 Libya
1976
2009
African (Arabic)

4
 Mali
1966
2001
African

4
 Mauritius
1977
2002
African

4
   Nepal
1969
1989
Asia-Pacific

4
 Nicaragua
1970
1984
GRULAC

4
 Republic of the Congo
1986
2007
African

4
 South Korea
1996
2014
Asia-Pacific

4
 Rwanda
1994
2014
African

4
 South Africa
2007
2012
African

4
 Tanzania
1975
2006
African

4
 Togo
1982
2013
African

4
 Zaire
1982
1991
African
Now known as Democratic Republic of the Congo

4
 Zimbabwe
1983
1992
African

3
 Czechoslovakia
1964
1979
E. European
Predecessor of Czech Republic and Slovakia

3
 Uruguay
1965
2016
GRULAC
Current membership of Security Council expires in December 2017

2
 Azerbaijan
2012
2013
E. European
Was part of the Soviet Union during its 45 years of Security Council membership

2
 Bahrain
1998
1999
Asia-Pacific (Arabic)

2
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
2010
2011
E. European
Was also part of the SFR Yugoslavia during its 7 years of Security Council membership

2
 Botswana
1995
1996
African

2
 Burundi
1970
1971
African

2
 Byelorussian SSR
1974
1975
E. European
Now known as Belarus; Byelorussian SSR held its own seat in the General Assembly while being part of the Soviet Union during its 45 years of Security Council membership

2
 Cape Verde
1992
1993
African

2
 Ceylon
1960
1961
Asia-Pacific
Now known as Sri Lanka

2
 Chad
2014
2015
African (Arabic)
Was a colony of France from 1900 to 11 August 1960;

2
 Croatia
2008
2009
E. European
Was also part of the SFR Yugoslavia during its 7 years of Security Council membership

2
 Czech Republic
1994
1995
E. European
Was also part of Czechoslovakia during its 3 years of Security Council membership

2
 Djibouti
1993
1994
African

2
 Gambia
1998
1999
African

2
 East Germany
1980
1981
E. European
Now subsumed into Germany, which has 5 years of Security Council membership since it has included the former territory of East Germany

2
 Guatemala
2012
2013
GRULAC

2
 Guinea-Bissau
1996
1997
African

2
 Honduras
1995
1996
GRULAC

2
 Iran
1955
1956
Asia-Pacific

2
 Kuwait
1978
1979
Asia-Pacific (Arabic)

2
 Lithuania
2014
2015
E. European
Was part of the Soviet Union from 3 August 1940 to 11 March 1990; Membership of Security Council expired in December 2015

2
 Luxembourg
2013
2014
WEOG

2
 Madagascar
1985
1986
African

2
 Malta
1983
1984
WEOG

2
 Mauritania
1974
1975
African

2
 Namibia
1999
2000
African

2
 Niger
1980
1981
African

2
 Oman
1994
1995
Asia-Pacific (Arabic)

2
 Paraguay
1968
1969
GRULAC

2
 Sierra Leone
1970
1971
African

2
 Singapore
2001
2002
Asia-Pacific
Was also part of Malaysia for several months of 1965 during its membership of the Security Council

2
 Slovakia
2006
2007
E. European
Was also part of Czechoslovakia during its 3 years of Security Council membership

2
 Slovenia
1998
1999
E. European
Was also part of the SFR Yugoslavia during its 7 years of Security Council membership

2
 Somalia
1971
1972
African

2
 Sudan
1972
1973
African (Arabic)

2
 Thailand
1985
1986
Asia-Pacific

2
 Trinidad and Tobago
1985
1986
GRULAC

2
 Qatar
2006
2007
Asia-Pacific (Arabic)

2
 United Arab Emirates
1986
1987
Asia-Pacific (Arabic)

2
 United Arab Republic
1961
1962
African (Arabic)
Predecessor of Syria and Egypt

2
 Vietnam
2008
2009
Asia-Pacific

2
 Yemen
1990
1991
Asia-Pacific (Arabic)
The entity elected, and which held the Security Council seat for the first five months of membership, was South Yemen: unification with North Yemen occurred during the time of membership.

1
 Liberia
1961
1961
African
Served only one year[i]

1
 Kazakhstan
2017
2017
Asia-Pacific
Was part of the Soviet Union from 26 April 1920 to 25 December 1991.

text: Future candidacies[edit]

text: The following countries have made known their applications for future United Nations Security Council membership:

text:
Africa
Asia-Pacific
Eastern Europe
GRULAC
WEOG

2018
South Africa[5]
Indonesia,[6][7] Maldives[6][8]
–
Argentina[9], Dominican Republic[10]
Belgium,[11][12] Germany,[12]

2019
?
India,[13][14] Vietnam[7][15]
Estonia[16]
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines[6]
–

2020
?
Afghanistan[14]
–
?
Ireland,[17] Norway,[18] San Marino,[19] Canada[20]

2021
?
Bahrain,[21] United Arab Emirates[14]
Albania[22]
?
–

2022
?
Mongolia[23][14]
–
?
Switzerland,[24] Malta[6]

2023
?
Tajikistan[25]
?
Guyana[6]
–

2024
?
Pakistan[6]
–
?
Greece,[26] Denmark[19]

2025
?
?
Latvia,[27] Montenegro[28]
?
–

2026
?
The Philippines[7]
–
?
Portugal,[29] Austria[19]

2027
?
Republic of Korea[30]
?
?
–

2028
?
Iran[31]
–
?
Australia,[32] Finland[19]

2029
?
?
Croatia[33]
?
–

2031
?
?
Armenia[34]
?
–

text: Serbia[35] as a member of the Eastern European Group has also expressed their wish to apply for United Nations Security Council membership in the future, but did not specify any term.

text: Non-members[edit]

text: As of July 2011, there are currently 193 members of the United Nations and five permanent members of the Security Council. The other ten seats are assigned amongst the remaining 188 members. As a result, many members have never been on the Security Council. The following list is a summary of all countries, currently 68 modern nations[36] and three historical ones, that have never been a member of the United Nations Security Council. The three historical UN members listed are Tanganyika, Zanzibar, and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

text:
UN Member state
Regional Group
Security Council membership as part of another entity

 Afghanistan
Asia-Pacific

 Albania
E. European

 Andorra
WEOG

 Antigua and Barbuda
GRULAC
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1632 to 1 November 1980

 Armenia
E. European
Was part of the Soviet Union from 29 November 1920 to 25 December 1991

 Bahamas
GRULAC
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1717 to 10 July 1973

 Barbados
GRULAC
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1625 to 30 November 1966

 Belize
GRULAC
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1862 to 21 September 1981

 Bhutan
Asia-Pacific

 Brunei
Asia-Pacific
Was a protectorate of the United Kingdom from 1888 to 1984, and was occupied by Japan from 1941 to 1945

 Cambodia
Asia-Pacific
Was a colony of France from 1863 to 9 November 1953

 Central African Republic
African
Was a colony of France from 1894 to 13 August 1960

 Comoros
African
Was a colony of France from 1841 to 6 July 1975

 Cyprus
Asia-Pacific
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 5 November 1914 to 16 August 1960

 North Korea
Asia-Pacific

 Dominica
GRULAC
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1783 to 3 November 1978

 Dominican Republic
GRULAC

 El Salvador
GRULAC

 Equatorial Guinea
African
Equatorial Guinea was a colony of Spain until 1968, but Spain's first term on the UNSC was in 1969

 Eritrea
African
Was under the administration of the United Kingdom from 1941 to 1947, then a United Nations Trust Territory from 1947 to 1952, then part of Ethiopia from 1952 to 24 May 1993

 Estonia
E. European
Was part of the Soviet Union from 1944 to 20 August 1991

 Fiji
Asia-Pacific
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1874 to 10 October 1970

 Georgia
E. European
Was part of the Soviet Union from 25 February 1921 to 25 December 1991

 Grenada
GRULAC
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1763 to 7 February 1974

 Haiti
GRULAC

 Iceland
WEOG

 Israel
None / WEOG[j]
Part of a League of Nations mandate under United Kingdom administration from 25 April 1920 to 14 May 1948

 Kiribati
Asian / None[k]
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1892 to 12 July 1979

 Kyrgyzstan
Asia-Pacific
Was part of the Soviet Union from 1 February 1926 to 25 December 1991

 Laos
Asia-Pacific
Was a colony of France from 1893 to 19 July 1949

 Latvia
E. European
Was part of the Soviet Union from 5 August 1940 to 21 August 1991

 Lesotho
African
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1884 to 4 October 1966

 Liechtenstein
WEOG

 Macedonia
E. European
Was part of Yugoslavia from 29 November 1943 to 3 April 1993

 Malawi
African
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1891 to 6 July 1964

 Maldives
Asia-Pacific
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1887 to 26 July 1965

 Marshall Islands
Asia-Pacific
Was part of the League of Nations South Pacific Mandate under Japanese administration from 28 June 1919 to 17 July 1947, then part of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands under the administration of the United States from 17 July 1947 to 21 October 1986

 Federated States of Micronesia
Asia-Pacific
Was part of the League of Nations South Pacific Mandate under Japanese administration from 28 June 1919 to 17 July 1947, then part of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands under the administration of the United States from 17 July 1947 to 3 November 1986

 Moldova
E. European
Was part of the Soviet Union from 28 June 1940 to 25 December 1991

 Monaco
WEOG

 Mongolia
Asia-Pacific

 Montenegro
E. European
Was part of Yugoslavia from 29 November 1943 to 28 April 1992[l]

 Mozambique
African
Mozambique was a colony of Portugal from 1498 to 25 June 1975, but Portugal's first term on the UNSC was in 1979

 Myanmar
Asia-Pacific
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1824 to 4 January 1948

 Nauru
Asia-Pacific
Was a United Nations Trust Territory administered by the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand from 1 January 1946 to 31 January 1968

 Palau
Asia-Pacific
Was part of the League of Nations South Pacific Mandate under Japanese administration from 28 June 1919 to 17 July 1947, then part of the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands under the administration of the United States from 17 July 1947 to 1 October 1994

 Papua New Guinea
Asia-Pacific
Was administered by Australia in the case of the Territory of Papua from 1905, the Territory of New Guinea as a League of Nations mandate from 1919 and as a unified Territory of Papua and New Guinea from 1949 until 16 September 1975

 Saint Kitts and Nevis
GRULAC
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1713 to 19 September 1983

 Saint Lucia
GRULAC
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1803 to 22 February 1979

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
GRULAC
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1783 to 27 October 1979

 Samoa
Asia-Pacific
Was a League of Nations mandate under the administration of New Zealand from 17 December 1920 to 25 January 1947, then a United Nations Trust Territory under the administration of New Zealand from 25 January 1947 to 1 January 1962

 San Marino
WEOG

 São Tomé and Príncipe
African
São Tomé and Príncipe was a colony of Portugal from 1471 to 12 July 1975, but Portugal's first term on the UNSC was in 1979

 Saudi Arabia
Asia-Pacific
Saudi Arabia was elected in the 2013 election, but declined the seat.[37]

 Serbia
E. European
Was part of Yugoslavia from 31 January 1946 to 27 April 1992[m]

 FR Yugoslavia / Serbia and Montenegro
E. European
Was part of Yugoslavia from 29 November 1943 to 27 April 1992

 Seychelles
African
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 29 June 1976

 Solomon Islands
Asia-Pacific
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1893 to 7 July 1978

 South Sudan
African
Was part of Sudan from the country's independence from the United Kingdom and Egypt on 1 January 1956 to 9 July 2011

 Suriname
GRULAC
Was a colony of the Netherlands from 1667 to 25 November 1975

 Swaziland
African
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 6 September 1968

  Switzerland
WEOG

 Tajikistan
Asia-Pacific
Was part of the Soviet Union from 14 October 1924 to 25 December 1991

 Tanganyika
Commonwealth Seat
Was a League of Nations mandate under the administration of the United Kingdom from 20 July 1922 to 11 December 1946, then a United Nations Trust Territory under the administration of the United Kingdom until 9 December 1962, then independent until federation with Zanzibar to form Tanzania

 Timor-Leste
Asia-Pacific
During the existence of the United Nations, Timor Leste has been a colony of Portugal (until 28 November 1975) and occupied by Indonesia (until 1999); Indonesia was a Security Council member in 1995-6.

 Tonga
Asia-Pacific
Was a protectorate of the United Kingdom from 18 May 1900 to 4 June 1970

 Turkmenistan
Asia-Pacific
Was part of the Soviet Union from 13 May 1925 to 8 December 1991

 Tuvalu
Asia-Pacific
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 1892 to 1 October 1978

 Uzbekistan
Asia-Pacific
Was part of the Soviet Union from 13 May 1925 to 25 December 1991

 Vanuatu
Asia-Pacific
Was a Condominium under joint sovereignty of the United Kingdom and France from 1906 to 30 July 1980

 Zanzibar
Commonwealth Seat
Was a colony of the United Kingdom from 27 August 1896 to 10 December 1963, then independent until federation with Tanganyika to form Tanzania on 26 April 1964.