document_title: Nobody's Angel

question_text: who is the girl band in boy meets world

question_tokens: who is the girl band in boy meets world

text: Nobody's Angel

text: Biography[edit]

text: In 1998, the quartet recorded "Let's Get Together" for the movie The Parent Trap. A year later, the girls all guest-starred as themselves on the episode "Road Trip" from the ABC television show Boy Meets World, and soon after, in 2000, they released their self-titled album, on the Hollywood Records label. Nobody's Angel featured the hit song, "If You Wanna Dance". Later, they released the song "Pokémon World" with the boy band Youngstown for the movie Pokémon The Movie 2000.

text: They were featured on the ABC TV movie, Model Behavior, starring Justin Timberlake. Stacey and Amy Sue both left the group in 2001 to pursue careers of their own. They were soon replaced by actress-singer Jennie Kwan (formerly of the NBC show California Dreams) and Tai-Amber Hoo. Tai-Amber was a former member of another girl group called Gyrl before she joined Nobody's Angel. However, the group disbanded after the debut single was released.

text: After recording a few songs for the soundtracks to the Disney live-action films 102 Dalmatians (2000) and The Princess Diaries (2001), the group split up. An album was due to be released in 2002, but was shelved. The album did feature the singles "Whatcha Gonna Do (With Your Second Chance)?", "Always Tomorrow", and a remake of the Salt-N-Pepa song "Ain't Nuthin' But a She Thing" featuring Lil' J. Besides the songs from the soundtracks no new music from their second album has been leaked.

text: Kwan's official website has posted two demos from the album called "Out of My Life" and "I'd Like to Be".

text: Past members[edit]

text:
Sarah Christine Smith (1998-2002)
Alitzah "Ali" Navarro (1998-2002)
Tai-Amber Hoo (2001-2002)
Jennie Kwan (2001-2002)
Amy Sue Hardy (1998-2001)
Stacey Harper (1998-2001)

text: Discography[edit]

text: Nobody's Angel (2000)

text:
"If You Wanna Dance" (November 23, 1999)
"I Can't Help Myself" (2000) (Promo)

text:
The Parent Trap Soundtrack - "Let's Get Together"
Pokémon The Movie 2000 Soundtrack - "Pokémon World" featuring Youngstown
102 Dalmatians Soundtrack - "Whatcha Gonna Do (With Your Second Chance)?"
The Princess Diaries Soundtrack - "Ain't Nuthin' But a She Thing" featuring Lil' J and "Always Tomorrow"


document_title: List of Asian countries by area

question_text: what is the second smallest country in asia

root

text: List of Asian countries by area

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Below is a list of all the Asian countries, in order of geographical area. Asia's total geographical area is 44,579,000 km².

tag: p

text: Note: Some of these countries are transcontinental or have territory located somewhere other than Asia. These countries are marked with an asterisk (*).

text:
Rank
Country
Area (km²)
Notes

1
 Russia*
13,100,000
17,125,200 including European part

2
 China
9,596,961
excludes Hong Kong, Macau,Taiwan and disputed areas/islands

3
 India[1]
3,287,263

4
 Kazakhstan*
2,455,034
2,724,902 km² including European part

5
 Saudi Arabia
2,149,690

6
 Iran
1,648,195

7
 Mongolia
1,564,110

8
 Indonesia*
1,472,639
1,904,569 km² including Oceanian part

9
 Pakistan
796,095
882,363 km² including Gilgit-Baltistan and AJK

10
 Turkey*
747,272
783,562 km² including European part

11
 Myanmar
676,578

12
 Afghanistan
652,230

13
 Yemen
527,968

14
 Thailand
513,120

15
 Turkmenistan
488,100

16
 Uzbekistan
447,400

17
 Iraq
438,317

18
 Japan
377,930

19
 Vietnam
331,212

20
 Malaysia
330,803

21
 Oman
309,500

22
 Philippines
300,000

23
 Laos
236,800

24
 Kyrgyzstan
199,951

25
 Syria
185,180
Includes the parts of the Golan Heights

26
 Cambodia
181,035

27
 Bangladesh
147,570

28
 Nepal
147,181

29
 Tajikistan
143,100

30
 North Korea
120,538

31
 South Korea
100,210

32
 Jordan
89,342

33
 Azerbaijan*
86,600
Sometimes considered part of Europe.

34
 United Arab Emirates
83,600

35
 Georgia*
69,000
Sometimes considered part of Europe.

36
 Sri Lanka
65,610

37
 Egypt*
60,000
1,002,450 km² including African part

38
 Bhutan
38,394

39
 Taiwan
36,193

40
 Armenia
29,843
Sometimes considered part of Europe.

41
 Israel
20,273

42
 Kuwait
17,818

43
 Timor-Leste
14,874

44
 Qatar
11,586

45
 Lebanon
10,452

46
 Cyprus
9,251
5,896  km² excluding Northern Cyprus. Politically sometimes considered part of Europe.

47
 Palestine
6,220

48
 Brunei
5,765

49
 Bahrain
765

50
 Singapore
716

51
 Maldives
300

Total
44,579,000


document_title: This Must Be the Place (Naive Melody)

question_text: movie talking heads this must be the place

text: This Must Be the Place (Naive Melody)

text: Composition[edit]

text: In the "Self Interview" on the DVD of the concert film Stop Making Sense, Byrne states that it is a love song, a topic he tends to avoid because it is "kinda big." He also said of the song:[3]

text: That's a love song made up almost completely of non sequiturs, phrases that may have a strong emotional resonance but don't have any narrative qualities. It's a real honest kind of love song. I don't think I've ever done a real love song before. Mine always had a sort of reservation, or a twist. I tried to write one that wasn't corny, that didn't sound stupid or lame the way many do. I think I succeeded; I was pretty happy with that.

text: According to the Stop Making Sense commentary track, the title "Naive Melody" refers to the music. On the track, the guitar part and the bass part are doing the same thing throughout the whole song. According to David Byrne, many professional musicians would not play a song written in that fashion, and that is what makes the melody naive. Byrne played the lead keyboard solo.[citation needed]

text: Bassist Tina Weymouth stated in the liner notes of Once in a Lifetime: The Best of Talking Heads that the song was created through "truly naive" experimentation with different instruments and jamming. Weymouth played guitar, guitarist Jerry Harrison played a Prophet synthesiser (including the bassline) Wally Badarou used the same synthesizer to add the stabs, and Byrne switched between guitar and another Prophet synthesizer, the latter of which he played using the pitch modulation wheel and "campy" piano glissandos.[citation needed]

text: Pitchfork later described the song as "an aberration for the Talking Heads. It was more of an exercise in understated musical hypnosis than polyrhythmic, Kuti-quoting funk, well-compressed instead of bursting at the seams, and (in its abashed way) it was a full-blown love song. [..] With "This Must Be the Place", the band simplified their sound dramatically, condensing their sonic palette to the level of small EKG blips (having switched instruments for a lark, this was nearly all they were able to reliably deliver chops-wise) and wringing out only a few chords."[4]

text: Stop Making Sense[edit]

text: The song is featured in Stop Making Sense (1984), a concert film featuring Talking Heads and directed by Jonathan Demme. Throughout the Stop Making Sense version, Byrne and his bandmates perform by a standard lamp, while close-up images of various body parts are projected onto a screen behind them. As revealed on the commentary to the film, the body parts belong to Byrne and his girlfriend (later wife) Adelle Lutz who was also known as Bonnie. When the song reaches a bridge, the musicians step back and Byrne dances with the lamp, a reference to Fred Astaire's similar dance with a coat-rack in the film Royal Wedding. During the song, Weymouth is seen playing a rare Fender Swinger electric guitar, instead of her usual bass.

text: The Stop Making Sense version was released as single in 1986, peaking at #100 on the UK Singles Chart.[5]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: In 2015, Pitchfork ranked the song at number 22 in their list of "The 200 Best Songs of the 1980s," with Winston Cook-Wilson of the website saying: "In the process of stripping down, Talking Heads showcased something at the root of their art: David Byrne’s inimitable gift for melody, and his unique ability to make every musical figure seem both familiar and tied directly to the lyrical thought (see 'I feel numb...born with a weak heart/ I guess I must be having fun'). Is there a better moment of catharsis in a pop then the song's final eureka realization, after Byrne gets whacked with the monolithic spiritual hammer and awakes from a life-encompassing daze into unexpected stability? There’s nothing to narrow his eyes at anymore: 'Cover up the blank spots, hit me on the head/ Aaoooh, aaooh, aaooh, aaoooh.' For a band rarely given to addressing issues of the heart head-on, 'Naive Melody' remains an unexpected and peerless achievement."[6]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The music video depicts the band members and their session musicians watching light-hearted home movies, before going down into the basement and playing their instruments.

text: In other media[edit]

text: The name of the song serves as the title of a 2011 drama film starring Sean Penn as an aging rock star. In one scene, the main character attends a concert in which David Byrne performs the song.[7][8][9]

text: The song was featured in the 2007 film Lars and the Real Girl during a party scene.

text: It was also featured in the Oliver Stone 1987 film Wall Street, starring Michael Douglas and Charlie Sheen, as well as the 2010 sequel, Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps.

text: In 2011 the song briefly appears in the Steve Carell romantic-comedy Crazy, Stupid, Love.

text: The song is briefly played in the 2009 romantic-comedy He's Just Not That into You.

text: The song briefly appears on a radio in the Once Upon a Time episode "Welcome to Storybrooke".

text: Part of the song was played in the final moments of the Season 6 premiere of the Northern Exposure episode "Dinner at Seven-Thirty" in September 1994.

text: The song is used in a montage scene in the season premiere of the fifth season of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D..

text: The opening of the song was used as the theme tune for the BBC Radio 4 comedy series Any Bloke which starred Jim Sweeney and Caroline Quentin.

text: Covers[edit]

text: Independent musician Miles Fisher covered the song on his self-titled 2009 EP, Miles Fisher. The music video is an homage to the 2000 film American Psycho, with Fisher imitating Christian Bale's performance as Patrick Bateman.

text: The song was covered live by the Montreal-based band Arcade Fire, and is featured as the B-side to their single "Neighborhood #3 (Power Out)". Their version features David Byrne on guest vocals.

text: Shawn Colvin performed the song on her third album, Cover Girl.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1983)
Peak
position

UK Singles Chart[5]
51

US Billboard Hot 100[10]
62

text:
Chart (1986)
Peak
position

UK Singles Chart[5]
100


document_title: List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones

question_text: who has the most number 1 songs ever

question_tokens: who has the most number 1 songs ever

text: List of Billboard Hot 100 chart achievements and milestones

text: All-Time Hot 100 achievements (1958–2015)

text: In 2008, for the 50th anniversary of the Hot 100, Billboard magazine compiled a ranking of the 100 best-performing songs on the chart over the 50 years, along with the best-performing artists.[1][2] In 2013, Billboard revised the rankings for the chart's 55th anniversary edition.[3] In 2015, Billboard revised the rankings again.[4] Shown below are the top 10 songs and top 10 artists over the 57-year period of the Hot 100, through October 2015. Also shown are the artists placing the most songs on the overall "all-time" top 100 song list.

text: Top 10 songs of All-Time (1958–2015)

text:
Rank
Single
Year(s) released
Artist(s)
Peak and duration

1.

"The Twist"

1960, 1961*

Chubby Checker
#1 for 3 weeks

2.

"Smooth"

1999

Santana featuring Rob Thomas
#1 for 12 weeks

3.

"Mack the Knife"

1959

Bobby Darin
#1 for 9 weeks

4.

"How Do I Live"

1997

LeAnn Rimes
#2 for 4 weeks

5.

"Party Rock Anthem"

2011

LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett & GoonRock
#1 for 6 weeks

6.

"I Gotta Feeling"

2009

The Black Eyed Peas
#1 for 14 weeks

7.

"Macarena (Bayside Boys mix)"

1996

Los Del Rio
#1 for 14 weeks

8.

"Physical"

1981

Olivia Newton-John
#1 for 10 weeks

9.

"You Light Up My Life"

1977

Debby Boone
#1 for 10 weeks

10.

"Hey Jude"

1968

The Beatles
#1 for 9 weeks

text:
* – re-released
Source:[5]

text: Top 10 artists of All-Time (1958–2015)

text:
Rank
Artist

1.

The Beatles

2.

Madonna

3.

Elton John

4.

Elvis Presley

5.

Mariah Carey

6.

Stevie Wonder

7.

Janet Jackson

8.

Michael Jackson

9.

Whitney Houston

10.

The Rolling Stones

text: Artists with the most songs on Billboard's Top 100 Hits of All-Time (1958–2015)

text:
Number of
songs
Artist
Songs (ranking)

3

Lionel Richie
"Endless Love" (16), "Say You, Say Me" (89), "All Night Long" (91)

Boyz II Men
"I'll Make Love to You" (20), "One Sweet Day" (35), "End of the Road" (52)

Bee Gees
"How Deep Is Your Love" (23), "Night Fever" (39), "Stayin' Alive" (56)

Paul McCartney
"Silly Love Songs" (37), "Say Say Say" (41), "Ebony and Ivory" (73)

2

The Black Eyed Peas
"I Gotta Feeling" (6), "Boom Boom Pow" (53)

The Beatles
"Hey Jude" (10), "I Want to Hold Your Hand" (45)

Mariah Carey
"We Belong Together" (11), "One Sweet Day" (35)

Bruno Mars
"Uptown Funk" (12), "Just the Way You Are" (79)

Diana Ross
"Endless Love" (16), "Upside Down" (77)

Andy Gibb
"I Just Want to Be Your Everything" (27), "Shadow Dancing" (46)

Marvin Gaye
"Let's Get It On" (38), "I Heard It Through the Grapevine" (81)

Michael Jackson
"Say Say Say" (41), "Billie Jean" (83)

Pharrell Williams
"Blurred Lines" (48), "Happy" (76)

Elton John
"Candle In the Wind 1997" (49), "That's What Friends Are For" (75)

Stevie Wonder
"Ebony and Ivory" (73), "That's What Friends Are For" (75)

text: Song milestones

text: Most weeks at number one

text:
Number of
weeks
Artist(s)
Song
Year(s)

16

Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men
"One Sweet Day"
1995–96

Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber
"Despacito"
2017

14

Whitney Houston
"I Will Always Love You"
1992–93

Boyz II Men
"I'll Make Love to You"
1994

Los del Río
"Macarena" (Bayside Boys mix)
1996

Elton John
"Candle in the Wind 1997" /
"Something About the Way You Look Tonight"
1997

Mariah Carey
"We Belong Together"
2005

The Black Eyed Peas
"I Gotta Feeling"
2009

Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars
"Uptown Funk"
2015

13

Boyz II Men
"End of the Road"
1992

Brandy and Monica
"The Boy Is Mine"
1998

12

Santana featuring Rob Thomas
"Smooth"
1999–2000

Eminem
"Lose Yourself"
2002–03

Usher featuring Lil Jon and Ludacris
"Yeah!"
2004

The Black Eyed Peas
"Boom Boom Pow"
2009

Robin Thicke featuring T.I. and Pharrell
"Blurred Lines"
2013

Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth
"See You Again"
2015

The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey
"Closer"
2016

Ed Sheeran
"Shape of You"
2017

11

Elvis Presley †
"Hound Dog" / "Don't Be Cruel"
1956

All-4-One
"I Swear"
1994

Toni Braxton
"Un-Break My Heart"
1996–97

Puff Daddy and Faith Evans featuring 112
"I'll Be Missing You"
1997

Destiny's Child
"Independent Women Part I"
2000–01

10

The McGuire Sisters ††
"Sincerely"
1955

Pérez Prado †††
"Cherry Pink and Apple Blossom White"

Debby Boone
"You Light Up My Life"
1977

Olivia Newton-John
"Physical"
1981–82

Santana featuring The Product G&B
"Maria Maria"
2000

Ashanti
"Foolish"
2002

Nelly featuring Kelly Rowland
"Dilemma"

Kanye West featuring Jamie Foxx
"Gold Digger"
2005

Beyoncé
"Irreplaceable"
2006–07

Flo Rida featuring T-Pain
"Low"
2008

Rihanna featuring Calvin Harris
"We Found Love"
2011–12

Pharrell Williams
"Happy"
2014

Adele
"Hello"
2015–16

Drake featuring Wizkid and Kyla
"One Dance"
2016

text:
† Pre-Hot 100: "Best Sellers in Stores" and "Most Played in Jukeboxes" charts.
†† Pre-Hot 100: "Most Played by Jockeys" chart.
††† Pre-Hot 100: "Best Sellers in Stores" chart.

text: Most weeks at number two (without hitting number one)

text:
Number of
weeks
Artist(s)
Song
Year(s)

10

Foreigner
"Waiting for a Girl Like You"
1981–82

Missy Elliott
"Work It"
2002–03

9

Donna Lewis
"I Love You Always Forever"
1996

Shania Twain
"You're Still the One"
1998

8

Shai
"If I Ever Fall in Love"
1992–93

Deborah Cox
"Nobody's Supposed to Be Here"
1998–99

Brian McKnight
"Back at One"
1999–2000

Mario Winans featuring Enya and P. Diddy
"I Don't Wanna Know"
2004

Ed Sheeran
"Thinking Out Loud"
2015

text: Most total weeks in the top ten

text:
Number of
weeks
Artist(s)
Song
Year(s)

33

Ed Sheeran
"Shape of You"
2017

32

LeAnn Rimes
"How Do I Live"
1997–98

The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey
"Closer"
2016–17

31

Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars
"Uptown Funk"
2014–15

30

Santana featuring Rob Thomas
"Smooth"
1999–2000

29

LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett and GoonRock
"Party Rock Anthem"
2011–12

28

Jewel
"Foolish Games" / "You Were Meant for Me"
1997–98

Bruno Mars
"That's What I Like"
2017

26

Savage Garden
"Truly Madly Deeply"
1997–98

25

Chubby Checker
"The Twist"
1960, 1962

Toni Braxton
"Un-Break My Heart"
1996–97

Timbaland featuring OneRepublic
"Apologize"
2007–08

OneRepublic
"Counting Stars"
2013–14

Meghan Trainor
"All About That Bass"[9]
2014–15

Fetty Wap
"Trap Queen"
2015

text: Most total weeks on the Hot 100

text:
87 weeks – Imagine Dragons – "Radioactive" (2014)[11]
79 weeks – Awolnation – "Sail" (2014)[11]
76 weeks – Jason Mraz – "I'm Yours" (2009)[11]
69 weeks – LeAnn Rimes – "How Do I Live" (1998)[11]
68 weeks – LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett and GoonRock – "Party Rock Anthem" (2012),[11] OneRepublic – "Counting Stars" (2014)
65 weeks – Jewel – "Foolish Games" / "You Were Meant for Me" (1998), Adele – "Rolling in the Deep" (2012)[11]
64 weeks – Carrie Underwood – "Before He Cheats" (2007)[11]
62 weeks – Lifehouse – "You and Me" (2006), The Lumineers – "Ho Hey" (2013)[11]

tag: ul

text: The year displayed is the year the songs ended their respective chart runs.

text: Number-one debuts

text:
Michael Jackson – "You Are Not Alone" (September 2, 1995)
Mariah Carey – "Fantasy" (September 30, 1995)
Whitney Houston – "Exhale (Shoop Shoop)" (November 25, 1995)
Mariah Carey and Boyz II Men – "One Sweet Day" (December 2, 1995)
Puff Daddy and Faith Evans featuring 112 – "I'll Be Missing You" (June 14, 1997)
Mariah Carey – "Honey" (September 13, 1997)
Elton John – "Candle in the Wind 1997" / "Something About the Way You Look Tonight" (October 11, 1997)
Celine Dion – "My Heart Will Go On" (February 28, 1998)
Aerosmith – "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" (September 5, 1998)
Lauryn Hill – "Doo Wop (That Thing)" (November 14, 1998)
Clay Aiken – "This Is the Night" (June 28, 2003)
Fantasia Barrino – "I Believe" (July 10, 2004)
Carrie Underwood – "Inside Your Heaven" (July 2, 2005)
Taylor Hicks – "Do I Make You Proud" (July 1, 2006)
Britney Spears – "3" (October 24, 2009)
Eminem – "Not Afraid" (May 22, 2010)
Kesha – "We R Who We R" (November 13, 2010)
Britney Spears – "Hold It Against Me" (January 29, 2011)
Lady Gaga – "Born This Way" (February 26, 2011)
Katy Perry – "Part of Me" (March 3, 2012)
Baauer – "Harlem Shake" (March 2, 2013)[12]
Taylor Swift – "Shake It Off" (September 6, 2014)[13]
Justin Bieber – "What Do You Mean?" (September 19, 2015)[14]
Adele – "Hello" (November 14, 2015)[15]
Zayn Malik – "Pillowtalk" (February 20, 2016)[16]
Justin Timberlake – "Can't Stop the Feeling!" (May 28, 2016)[17]
Ed Sheeran – "Shape of You" (January 28, 2017)[18]
DJ Khaled featuring Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance the Rapper and Lil Wayne – "I'm the One" (May 20, 2017)[19]

text: Since 2009, at least one song or more debuted at number one per year. In 1995, four songs debuted at number one (a record amount).

text: Biggest jump to number one

text:
97–1 – Kelly Clarkson – "My Life Would Suck Without You" (February 7, 2009)[21]
96–1 – Britney Spears – "Womanizer" (October 25, 2008)[22]
80–1 – T.I. featuring Rihanna – "Live Your Life" (October 18, 2008)[23]
78–1 – Eminem, Dr. Dre and 50 Cent – "Crack a Bottle" (February 21, 2009)[24]
77–1 – Taylor Swift – "Look What You Made Me Do" (September 16, 2017)[25]
72–1 – Taylor Swift – "We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together" (September 1, 2012)[26]
71–1 – T.I. – "Whatever You Like" (September 6, 2008)[27]
64–1 – Maroon 5 – "Makes Me Wonder" (May 12, 2007)
60–1 – Rihanna featuring Drake – "What's My Name?" (November 20, 2010)[28]
58–1 – Flo Rida – "Right Round" (February 28, 2009)[29]

text: Biggest single-week upward movements

text:
97–1 (96 positions) – Kelly Clarkson – "My Life Would Suck Without You" (February 7, 2009)[30]
96–1 (95 positions) – Britney Spears – "Womanizer" (October 25, 2008)[31]
94–3 (91 positions) – Beyoncé and Shakira – "Beautiful Liar" (April 7, 2007)[32]
95–7 (88 positions) – Akon featuring Eminem – "Smack That" (October 14, 2006)[33]
97–9 (88 positions) – Drake featuring Nicki Minaj – "Make Me Proud" (November 5, 2011)[34]
96–11 (85 positions) – Carrie Underwood – "Cowboy Casanova" (October 10, 2009)[35]
100–15 (85 positions) – A. R. Rahman and Pussycat Dolls featuring Nicole Scherzinger – "Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)" (March 14, 2009)[36]
85–2 (83 positions) – Katy Perry – "Roar" (August 31, 2013)[37]
86–4 (82 positions) – Vanessa Hudgens and Zac Efron – "Breaking Free" (February 11, 2006)[38]
93–12 (81 positions) – Matchbox Twenty – "How Far We've Come" (September 22, 2007)[39]
93–12 (81 positions) – Kygo and Selena Gomez – "It Ain't Me" (March 11, 2017)[40]
100–19 (81 positions) – Lorde – "Green Light" (March 25, 2017)[41]

text: Longest climbs to number one

text:
33rd week – Los del Río – "Macarena (Bayside Boys Mix)" (1995–96)[43]
31st week – Lonestar – "Amazed" (1999–2000)
30th week – John Legend – "All of Me" (2013–14)[44]
27th week – Creed – "With Arms Wide Open" (2000)
26th week – Vertical Horizon – "Everything You Want" (2000)
25th week – UB40 – "Red Red Wine" (1988)
23rd week – Patti Austin and James Ingram – "Baby, Come to Me" (1983), Sia featuring Sean Paul – "Cheap Thrills" (2016)
22nd week – Vangelis – "Chariots of Fire" (1982), Lady Gaga featuring Colby O'Donis – "Just Dance" (2008–09)
21st week – Nick Gilder – "Hot Child in the City" (1978), Robert John – "Sad Eyes" (1979), Outkast – "The Way You Move" (2003–04), Adele – "Set Fire to the Rain" (2011–12)

text: Biggest drop from number one

text:
1–15 – Billy Preston – "Nothing from Nothing" (October 26, 1974)
1–15 – Dionne Warwicke and The Spinners – "Then Came You" (November 2, 1974)
1–12 – Simon & Garfunkel – "The Sound of Silence" (January 29, 1966)
1–12 – Barry White – "Can't Get Enough of Your Love, Babe" (September 28, 1974)
1–12 – Andy Kim – "Rock Me Gently" (October 5, 1974)
1–12 – Stevie Wonder – "You Haven't Done Nothin'" (November 9, 1974)
1–12 – Bachman–Turner Overdrive – "You Ain't Seen Nothing Yet" (November 16, 1974)
1–12 – John Lennon and Plastic Ono Band – "Whatever Gets You thru the Night" (November 23, 1974)
1–11 – Diana Ross – "Theme from Mahogany (Do You Know Where You're Going To)" (January 31, 1976)
1–10 – Phil Collins – "Two Hearts" (February 4, 1989)

text: Biggest single-week downward movements

text:
17–96 (79 positions) – Javier Colon – "Stitch by Stitch" (July 23, 2011)[46]
21–99 (78 positions) – Jordan Smith – "Somebody to Love" (January 2, 2016)[47]
16–93 (77 positions) – 5 Seconds of Summer – "Amnesia" (July 26, 2014)[48]
17–92 (75 positions) – Justin Bieber – "Die in Your Arms" (June 23, 2012)[49]
23–96 (73 positions) – Colbie Caillat – "I Do" (March 5, 2011)[50]
21–94 (73 positions) – Justin Bieber – "Never Let You Go" (March 27, 2010)[51]
21–94 (73 positions) – Glee Cast – "Empire State of Mind" (October 16, 2010)[52]
16–89 (73 positions) – Jonas Brothers – "Pushin' Me Away" (August 9, 2008)[53]
13–86 (73 positions) – Justin Timberlake and Matt Morris featuring Charlie Sexton – "Hallelujah" (February 20, 2010)[54]
20–92 (72 positions) – The Beatles – "The Beatles Movie Medley" (June 5, 1982)[55]

text: Biggest drops off the Hot 100

text:
From #4 – Prince and The Revolution – "Purple Rain"† (May 21, 2016)
From #8 – Prince – "When Doves Cry"† (May 21, 2016)
From #9 – Soko – "We Might Be Dead by Tomorrow" (April 5, 2014)[57]
From #11 – Jonas Brothers – "A Little Bit Longer" (August 30, 2008),[57][58] Taylor Swift – "Mean" (November 13, 2010),[59] One Direction – "Diana" (December 14, 2013),[60] Mariah Carey – "All I Want for Christmas is You" (January 16, 2016)††[61]
From #12 – Taylor Swift – "You Belong with Me"* (November 29, 2008),[62] Lady Gaga – "Hair" (June 11, 2011),[63] One Direction – "Midnight Memories" (December 14, 2013)[60]

text: † – "Purple Rain" and "When Doves Cry" reappeared on the Hot 100 for two weeks in 2016, and the above reflects their re-entries only. When the songs originally charted in 1984, their chart positions in their final week on the Hot 100 were well below the top 10.

text: †† – A recurring holiday song charting during the Christmas season.

text: * – "You Belong with Me" later re-entered the Hot 100 as a single in 2009 to reach a peak of #2. The recurring song's final week on the Hot 100 was in 2010, when it was low as possible on the chart.

text: Number-one songs covered by different artists

text:
"Go Away Little Girl" – Steve Lawrence (1963) and Donny Osmond (1971)
"The Loco-Motion" – Little Eva (1962) and Grand Funk (1974)
"Please Mr. Postman" – The Marvelettes (1961) and The Carpenters (1975)
"Venus" – Shocking Blue (1970) and Bananarama (1986)
"Lean on Me" – Bill Withers (1972) and Club Nouveau (1987)
"You Keep Me Hangin' On" – The Supremes (1966) and Kim Wilde (1987)
"When a Man Loves a Woman" – Percy Sledge (1966) and Michael Bolton (1991)
"I'll Be There" – The Jackson 5 (1970) and Mariah Carey (1992)
"Lady Marmalade" – Labelle (1975) and Christina Aguilera / Lil' Kim / Mýa / Pink (2001)

text: Non-English language number-ones

text:
"Nel Blu Dipinto Di Blu (Volare)" – Domenico Modugno (Italian – August 18, 1958 for five non-consecutive weeks)
"Sukiyaki" – Kyu Sakamoto (Japanese – June 15, 1963 for three weeks)
"Dominique" – The Singing Nun (French – December 7, 1963 for four weeks)
"Rock Me Amadeus" – Falco (English/German – March 29, 1986 for three weeks)
"La Bamba" – Los Lobos (Spanish – August 29, 1987 for three weeks)
"Macarena (Bayside Boys Mix)" – Los del Río (English/Spanish – August 3, 1996 for fourteen weeks)
"Hips Don't Lie" – Shakira featuring Wyclef Jean (English/Spanish – June 17, 2006 for two weeks)[67][68]
"Despacito" – Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber (English/Spanish – May 27, 2017 for sixteen weeks)

text: Instrumental number-ones

text:
"The Happy Organ" – Dave "Baby" Cortez (May 11, 1959 for one week)
"Sleep Walk" – Santo & Johnny (September 21, 1959 for two weeks)
"Theme from A Summer Place" – Percy Faith (February 22, 1960 for nine weeks)
"Wonderland by Night" – Bert Kaempfert (January 9, 1961 for three weeks)
"Calcutta" – Lawrence Welk (February 13, 1961 for two weeks)
"Stranger on the Shore" – Mr. Acker Bilk (May 26, 1962 for one week)
"The Stripper" – David Rose (July 7, 1962 for one week)
"Telstar" – The Tornados (December 22, 1962 for three weeks)
"Love Is Blue" – Paul Mauriat (February 10, 1968 for five weeks)
"Grazing in the Grass" – Hugh Masekela (July 20, 1968 for two weeks)
"Love Theme from Romeo and Juliet" – Henry Mancini (July 28, 1969 for two weeks)
"Frankenstein" – The Edgar Winter Group (May 26, 1973 for one week)
"Love's Theme" – Love Unlimited Orchestra (February 9, 1974 for one week)
"TSOP (The Sound of Philadelphia)" – MFSB and The Three Degrees † (April 20, 1974 for two weeks)
"Pick Up the Pieces" – Average White Band † (February 22, 1975 for one week)
"The Hustle" – Van McCoy and the Soul City Symphony † (July 26, 1975 for one week)
"Fly, Robin, Fly" – Silver Convention † (November 29, 1975 for three weeks)
"Theme from S.W.A.T." – Rhythm Heritage (February 28, 1976 for one week)
"A Fifth of Beethoven" – Walter Murphy and the Big Apple Band (October 9, 1976 for one week)
"Gonna Fly Now" – Bill Conti † (July 2, 1977 for one week)
"Star Wars Theme/Cantina Band" – Meco (October 1, 1977 for two weeks)
"Rise" – Herb Alpert (October 20, 1979 for two weeks)
"Chariots of Fire" – Vangelis (May 8, 1982 for one week)
"Miami Vice Theme" – Jan Hammer (November 9, 1985 for one week)
"Harlem Shake" – Baauer † (March 2, 2013 for five weeks)

text: † – Contains vocal part, but is considered an instrumental. See Instrumental#Borderline cases for more.

text: Artist achievements

text: Most number-one singles

text:
Number of singles
Artist
Biggest number-one

20

The Beatles
"Hey Jude"[5]

18

Elvis Presley †
"Don't Be Cruel" / "Hound Dog"[69][70]

Mariah Carey
"We Belong Together"[5]

14

Rihanna
"We Found Love"[5]

13

Michael Jackson
"Say Say Say" (duet with Paul McCartney)[5]

12

The Supremes
"Love Child"[71]

Madonna
"Like a Virgin"[72]

11

Whitney Houston
"I Will Always Love You"[5]

10

Stevie Wonder
"Ebony and Ivory" (duet with Paul McCartney)[5]

Janet Jackson
"That's the Way Love Goes"[73]

text:
† Pre-Hot 100 charts and Hot 100.
The biggest number-one listed by each artist reflects its overall performance on the Hot 100, as calculated by Billboard, and may not necessarily be the single which spent the most weeks at #1 for the artist, such as Madonna's "Like a Virgin" (six weeks at #1, compared to seven for "Take a Bow"), Mariah Carey's "We Belong Together" (fourteen weeks at #1, compared to sixteen for her duet with Boyz II Men, "One Sweet Day") and Michael Jackson's duet with Paul McCartney, "Say Say Say" (six weeks at #1, compared to seven for both his solo singles "Billie Jean" and "Black or White").
Billboard now credits the dual #1 Presley single "Don't Be Cruel"/"Hound Dog" as a single chart entity. "Don't Be Cruel"/"Hound Dog" spent 11 weeks at #1, "Hound Dog" for 6 weeks, "Don't Be Cruel" for 5 weeks. Many chart statisticians however, such as Joel Whitburn still lists Presley as having 18 number ones.

text: Source:[74][75] [76][77]

text: Most cumulative weeks at number one

text:
Weeks at
number one
Artist

79

Elvis Presley †

Mariah Carey

60

Rihanna[78]

59

The Beatles

50

Boyz II Men

47

Usher

37

Michael Jackson

36

Beyoncé

34

Elton John

33

Janet Jackson

Katy Perry

text:
† Pre-Hot 100 charts and Hot 100. Presley is sometimes credited with an "80th week" that occurred when "All Shook Up" spent a ninth week on top of the "Most Played in Jukeboxes" chart. Although Billboard's chart statistician Joel Whitburn still counts this 80th week based on preexisting research, Billboard magazine itself has since revised its methodology and officially credits Presley with 79 weeks.[79]
Much of Presley's total factors in pre-Hot 100 data. If counting from the August 1958 Hot 100 inception, Presley totaled 22 weeks at #1.

text: Most consecutive number-one singles

text:
Number of
singles
Artist
First hit and date
Final hit and date
Streak-breaking song

7

Whitney Houston
"Saving All My Love for You"
(October 26, 1985)
"Where Do Broken Hearts Go"
(April 23, 1988)
"Love Will Save the Day"
(#9 – August 27, 1988)

6

The Beatles
"I Feel Fine"
(December 26, 1964)
"We Can Work It Out"
(January 8, 1966)
"Nowhere Man"
(#3 – March 26, 1966)

Bee Gees
"How Deep Is Your Love"
(December 24, 1977)
"Love You Inside Out"
(June 9, 1979)
"He's A Liar"
(#30 – October 24, 1981)

5

Elvis Presley
"A Big Hunk o' Love"
(August 10, 1959)
"Surrender"
(March 20, 1961)
"I Feel So Bad"
(#5 – May 1961)

The Supremes
"Where Did Our Love Go"
(August 22, 1964)
"Back in My Arms Again"
(June 12, 1965)
"Nothing but Heartaches"
(#11 – September 4, 1965)

Michael Jackson
"I Just Can't Stop Loving You"
(with Siedah Garrett)
(September 19, 1987)
"Dirty Diana"
(July 2, 1988)
"Another Part of Me"
(#11 – September 10, 1988)

Mariah Carey
"Vision of Love"
(August 4, 1990)
"Emotions"
(October 12, 1991)
"Can't Let Go"
(#2 – January 25, 1992)

"Fantasy"
(September 30, 1995)
"My All"
(May 23, 1998)
"When You Believe" (with Whitney Houston)
(#15 – January 30, 1999)

Katy Perry
"California Gurls" (featuring Snoop Dogg)
(June 19, 2010)
"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"
(August 17, 2011)
"The One That Got Away"
(#3 – January 7, 2012)

text: Sources:[80][81][82][83][84][85][85][86]

text: Most consecutive weeks simultaneously topping the Hot 100 and Billboard 200

text:
Number of
weeks
Artist
Year(s)
charted
Singles
Albums

12

The Beatles

1964

"I Want to Hold Your Hand",
"She Loves You", "Can't Buy Me Love"
Meet the Beatles!,
The Beatles' Second Album

Whitney Houston

1992–93

"I Will Always Love You"
The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album

7

Michael Jackson

1983

"Billie Jean"
Thriller

Drake

2016

"One Dance" (featuring Wizkid and Kyla)
Views

The Monkees

1966–67

"I'm a Believer"
The Monkees, More of the Monkees

text: Most consecutive years charting a number-one single

text:
Number of
years
Artist
First number-one hit and week
Final number-one hit and final week

11

Mariah Carey
"Vision of Love"
(August 4, 1990)
"Thank God I Found You"
(February 19, 2000)

7

Elvis Presley †
"Heartbreak Hotel"
(March 17, 1956)
"Good Luck Charm"
(April 28, 1962)

The Beatles
"I Want to Hold Your Hand"
(February 1, 1964)
"The Long and Winding Road"
(June 20, 1970)

6

The Supremes
"Where Did Our Love Go"
(August 22, 1964)
"Someday We'll Be Together"
(December 27, 1969)

Lionel Richie
"Endless Love"
(August 15, 1981)
"Say You, Say Me"
(January 11, 1986)

text: † Pre-Hot 100 charts and Hot 100.

text: Most number-one singles in a calendar year

text:
Number of
singles
Artist
Year
charted
Singles

6

The Beatles

1964

"I Want to Hold Your Hand"

"She Loves You"

"Can't Buy Me Love"

"Love Me Do"

"A Hard Day's Night"

"I Feel Fine"

5

1965

"I Feel Fine"

"Eight Days a Week"

"Ticket to Ride"

"Help!"

"Yesterday"

4

Elvis Presley †

1956

"Heartbreak Hotel"

"I Want You, I Need You, I Love You"

"Hound Dog" / "Don't Be Cruel"

"Love Me Tender"

1957

"Too Much"

"All Shook Up"

"(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear"

"Jailhouse Rock"

The Supremes

1965

"Come See About Me"

"Stop! In the Name of Love"

"Back in My Arms Again"

"I Hear a Symphony"

Jackson 5

1970

"I Want You Back"

"ABC"

"The Love You Save"

"I'll Be There"

George Michael

1988

"Faith"

"Father Figure"

"One More Try"

"Monkey"

Usher

2004

"Yeah!" (featuring Lil Jon and Ludacris)

"Burn"

"Confessions Part II"

"My Boo" (Duet with Alicia Keys)

Rihanna

2010

"Rude Boy"

"Love the Way You Lie" (Eminem featuring Rihanna)

"What's My Name?" (featuring Drake)

"Only Girl (In the World)"

text:
† Pre-Hot 100 charts.
Chart notes: If counting Presley's dual hit song "Don't Be Cruel/Hound Dog" separately then Elvis has 5 for 1956. Some Presley songs included here charted #1 on Cashbox, but not on the Billboard Top 100, the precursor to the Billboard Hot 100.

text: Most top 10 singles

text:
Number of
singles
Artist

38

Madonna

36

Elvis Presley †

34

The Beatles

31

Rihanna

29

Michael Jackson

28

Stevie Wonder

27

Elton John

Janet Jackson

Mariah Carey

23

The Rolling Stones

Whitney Houston

Paul McCartney

text: † Pre-Hot 100 charts and Hot 100

text: Note: If Paul McCartney's solo work and work with the Beatles were combined, he would top this list with 57 top ten hits

text: Most consecutive weeks in the top 10

text:
Number of
weeks
Artist
Years
charted
Singles

69

Katy Perry

2010–11

"California Gurls" (featuring Snoop Dogg)

"Teenage Dream"

"Firework"

"E.T." (featuring Kanye West)

"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"

61

The Chainsmokers

2016–17

"Don't Let Me Down" (featuring Daya)

"Closer" (featuring Halsey)

"Paris"

"Something Just Like This" (with Coldplay)

51

Drake

2015–16

"Hotline Bling"

"Work" (Rihanna featuring Drake)

"Summer Sixteen"

"One Dance" (featuring Wizkid and Kyla)

48

Ace of Base

1993–94

"All That She Wants"

"The Sign"

"Don't Turn Around"

46

Rihanna

2010–11

"Love the Way You Lie" (Eminem featuring Rihanna)

"Only Girl (In the World)"

"What's My Name?" (featuring Drake)

"S&M"

text: Most top 40 singles

text:
114 – Elvis Presley (Pre–Hot 100 charts included)
69 – Lil Wayne
57 – Elton John
56 – Drake
52 - Taylor Swift
51 – Glee Cast
50 – The Beatles
49 – Madonna
47 – Rihanna[101]
46 – Stevie Wonder
45 – Jay Z

text: Notes: Presley is credited by Billboard for having 80 Top 40 chart entries which still ranks him first. However, if including his career before the Hot 100 inception, Presley is credited with 114 Top 40 entries.

text: Most Hot 100 entries

text:
207 – Glee Cast
157 – Drake
149 – Elvis Presley (Pre-Hot 100 and Hot 100 included)
136 – Lil Wayne
96 – Jay Z
91 – James Brown
86 – Chris Brown
81 – Kanye West
80 – Nicki Minaj
75 – Ray Charles

text: Notes:

text: Elvis Presley has charted 149 singles on Billboard if tracking his entire career which predates the 1958 Hot 100. If tracking begins after the 1958 inception of the Hot 100, Presley only has 108.

text: Most consecutive weeks on Hot 100

text:
431 – Drake
326 – Lil Wayne
216 – Rihanna
207 – Nicki Minaj
161 – Chris Brown
159 – Jay-Z
152 – Nelly
141 – Kenny Chesney
139 – Destiny's Child
139 – Taylor Swift
139 – Katy Perry

text: Self-replacement at number one

text:
Elvis Presley – "Hound Dog" / "Don't Be Cruel" → "Love Me Tender" (October 27, 1956) ("Best Sellers in Stores" and "Most Played by Jockeys" charts)
The Beatles † – "I Want to Hold Your Hand" → "She Loves You" (March 21, 1964); "She Loves You" → "Can't Buy Me Love" (April 4, 1964)
Boyz II Men – "I'll Make Love to You" → "On Bended Knee" (December 3, 1994)
Puff Daddy – "I'll Be Missing You" (Puff Daddy and Faith Evans featuring 112) → "Mo Money Mo Problems" (The Notorious B.I.G. featuring Puff Daddy and Mase) (August 30, 1997)
Ja Rule – "Always on Time" (Ja Rule featuring Ashanti) → "Ain't It Funny" (Jennifer Lopez featuring Ja Rule) (March 9, 2002)
Nelly – "Hot in Herre" → "Dilemma" (Nelly featuring Kelly Rowland) (August 17, 2002)
OutKast – "Hey Ya!" → "The Way You Move" (OutKast featuring Sleepy Brown) (February 14, 2004)
Usher– "Yeah!" (Usher featuring Lil Jon and Ludacris) → "Burn" (May 22, 2004); "Burn" → "Confessions Part II" (July 24, 2004)
T.I. – "Whatever You Like" → "Live Your Life" (T.I. featuring Rihanna) (October 18, 2008); "Whatever You Like" → "Live Your Life" (November 15, 2008)
The Black Eyed Peas – "Boom Boom Pow" → "I Gotta Feeling" (July 11, 2009)
Taylor Swift – "Shake It Off" → "Blank Space" (November 29, 2014)
The Weeknd – "Can't Feel My Face" → "The Hills" (October 3, 2015)[107]
Justin Bieber – "Sorry" → "Love Yourself" (February 13, 2016);[95] "I'm the One" (DJ Khaled featuring Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance the Rapper and Lil Wayne) → "Despacito" (Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber) (May 27, 2017)[108]

text: † The Beatles are the only act in history to have three consecutive, self-replacing #1s.

text: Simultaneously occupying the top two positions

text: Elvis Presley: October 20 – November 3, 1956 (Pre-Hot 100 charts)

text:
"Hound Dog" / "Don't Be Cruel"
"Love Me Tender" ("Best Sellers in Stores" and "Most Played by Jockeys" charts)

tag: ol

text: The Beatles: From February 22, 1964 until April 25, 1964 the Beatles held the top two positions, with various singles. In some of the weeks, the band held the top three or top four slots, the only act in chart history to do so. On April 4, 1964, The Beatles occupied the entire top five.[110]

text:
"Can't Buy Me Love"
"Twist and Shout"
"She Loves You"
"I Want to Hold Your Hand"
"Please Please Me"

text: Bee Gees: March 18 – April 15, 1978

text:
"Night Fever"
"Stayin' Alive"

text: Puff Daddy: August 9–30, 1997

text:
"I'll Be Missing You" (Puff Daddy and Faith Evans featuring 112)
"Mo Money Mo Problems" (The Notorious B.I.G. featuring Puff Daddy and Mase)

text: Ja Rule: March 9–23, 2002

text:
"Ain't It Funny" (Jennifer Lopez featuring Ja Rule)
"Always on Time" (Ja Rule featuring Ashanti)

text: Ashanti: April 20 – May 18, 2002

text:
"Foolish"
"What's Luv?" (Fat Joe featuring Ashanti)

text: Nelly: August 10–31, 2002

text:
"Hot in Herre"
"Dilemma" (Nelly featuring Kelly Rowland, songs switched positions on August 17, 2002)

text: OutKast: December 20, 2003 – February 7, 2004

text:
"Hey Ya!"
"The Way You Move" (OutKast featuring Sleepy Brown)

text: Usher: June 26 – July 3, 2004; July 17, 2004

text:
"Burn"
"Confessions Part II"

text: 50 Cent: April 16–30, 2005

text:
"Candy Shop" (50 Cent featuring Olivia)
"Hate It or Love It" (The Game featuring 50 Cent)

text: Mariah Carey: September 10, 2005

text:
"We Belong Together"
"Shake It Off"

text: Akon:

text: December 2, 2006

text:
"I Wanna Love You" (Akon featuring Snoop Dogg)
"Smack That" (Akon featuring Eminem)

text: April 14, 2007

text:
"Don't Matter"
"The Sweet Escape" (Gwen Stefani featuring Akon)

text: T.I.: October 18, 2008; November 1–29, 2008

text:
"Live Your Life" (T.I. featuring Rihanna)
"Whatever You Like" (songs switched positions several times)

text: Black Eyed Peas: June 27[111] – July 18, 2009[112]

text:
"Boom Boom Pow"
"I Gotta Feeling" (songs switched positions on July 11, 2009)

text: Pharrell Williams: June 29[113] – July 27, 2013

text:
"Blurred Lines" (Robin Thicke featuring T.I. and Pharrell)
"Get Lucky" (Daft Punk featuring Pharrell Williams)

text: Iggy Azalea: June 7[114] – July 5, 2014[115][116][117][118]

text:
"Fancy" (Iggy Azalea featuring Charli XCX)
"Problem" (Ariana Grande featuring Iggy Azalea)

text: The Weeknd: September 26, 2015[119]

text:
"Can't Feel My Face"
"The Hills"

text: Justin Bieber:

text: February 6–13, 2016[95][120]

text:
"Sorry"
"Love Yourself" (songs switched positions on February 13, 2016)

text: July 1–22, 2017[121][122][123][124]

text:
"Despacito" (Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee featuring Justin Bieber)
"I'm the One" (DJ Khaled featuring Justin Bieber, Quavo, Chance the Rapper, and Lil Wayne)

text: Simultaneously three or more singles in the top 10

text:
The Beatles: February 29 – May 2, 1964 (Note: The Beatles had as many as five in the top ten April 4–11, 1964)

"I Want to Hold Your Hand"
"She Loves You"
"Please Please Me"
"Twist and Shout"
"Can't Buy Me Love"
"Do You Want to Know a Secret"

The Bee Gees: February 25 – March 4, 1978

"How Deep Is Your Love"
"Stayin' Alive"
"Night Fever"

Ashanti: March 30 – April 6, 2002

"Always On Time" (Ja Rule featuring Ashanti)
"What's Luv?" (Fat Joe featuring Ashanti)
"Foolish"

50 Cent:

May 31 – June 7, 2003

"In Da Club"
"21 Questions" (50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg)
"Magic Stick" (Lil' Kim featuring 50 Cent)

February 19 – April 30, 2005; May 14–21, 2005 (Note: 50 Cent had as many as four in the top ten April 2–9, 2005)

"Disco Inferno"
"How We Do" (The Game featuring 50 Cent)
"Candy Shop" (50 Cent featuring Olivia)
"Hate It or Love It" (The Game featuring 50 Cent)
"Just a Lil Bit"

Usher: June 5 – July 10, 2004

"Yeah!" (Usher featuring Lil Jon & Ludacris)
"Burn"
"Confessions Part II"

Akon: May 5, 2007 and May 19, 2007

"The Sweet Escape" (Gwen Stefani featuring Akon)
"Don't Matter"
"I Tried" (Bone Thugs-n-Harmony featuring Akon)

T-Pain: November 3 – December 29, 2007 (Note: All four titles below were in the top ten November 24 – December 8, 2007)

"Good Life" (Kanye West featuring T-Pain)
"Cyclone" (Baby Bash featuring T-Pain)
"Kiss Kiss" (Chris Brown featuring T-Pain)
"Low" (Flo Rida featuring T-Pain)

Chris Brown: April 5, 2008 and May 10, 2008 (Note: The first two titles below were in the top ten on both charts)

"With You"
"No Air" (Jordin Sparks & Chris Brown)
"Shawty Get Loose" (Lil Mama featuring Chris Brown & T-Pain)
"Forever"

Lil Wayne: September 27, 2008

"Got Money" (Lil Wayne featuring T-Pain)
"Can't Believe It" (T-Pain featuring Lil Wayne)
"Swagga Like Us" (Jay-Z & T.I. featuring Kanye West & Lil Wayne)

Adele: March 3, 2012

"Rolling in the Deep"
"Someone Like You"
"Set Fire to the Rain"

Iggy Azalea: August 30, 2014

"Fancy" (Iggy Azalea featuring Charli XCX)
"Problem" (Ariana Grande featuring Iggy Azalea)
"Black Widow" (Iggy Azalea featuring Rita Ora)

Ariana Grande: August 30, 2014

"Problem" (Ariana Grande featuring Iggy Azalea)
"Bang Bang" (Jessie J, Ariana Grande & Nicki Minaj)
"Break Free" (Ariana Grande featuring Zedd)

Justin Bieber: December 5, 2015 – February 6, 2016[125]

"What Do You Mean?"
"Sorry"
"Love Yourself"

The Chainsmokers: March 18, 2017[126]

"Closer" (The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey)
"Paris"
"Something Just Like This" (The Chainsmokers and Coldplay)

text: Posthumous number-ones

text:
Otis Redding (d. December 10, 1967) – "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay" (March 16, 1968)
Janis Joplin (d. October 4, 1970) – "Me and Bobby McGee" (March 20, 1971)
Jim Croce (d. September 20, 1973) – "Time in a Bottle" (December 29, 1973)
John Lennon (d. December 8, 1980) – "(Just Like) Starting Over" (December 27, 1980)
The Notorious B.I.G. (d. March 9, 1997) – "Hypnotize" (May 3, 1997) and "Mo Money Mo Problems" (August 30, 1997)
Soulja Slim (d. November 26, 2003) – "Slow Motion" (Juvenile featuring Soulja Slim) (August 7, 2004)
Static Major (d. February 25, 2008) – "Lollipop" (Lil Wayne featuring Static Major) (May 3, 2008)

text: Age records

text:
Louis Armstrong (age 7004229240000000000♠62 years, 279 days) is the oldest artist to top the Hot 100. He set that record with "Hello, Dolly!" on May 9, 1964.
Cher (age 7004192900000000000♠52 years, 297 days) is the oldest female artist to top the Hot 100. She set the record with "Believe" on March 13, 1999. The previous record holder was Grace Slick of Starship, who was 7004173230000000000♠47 years, 156 days old when their hit "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now" began its two-week reign on April 4, 1987.
Michael Jackson (age 7003417300000000000♠11 years, 155 days) is the youngest artist to top the Hot 100. He achieved the record, as part of the Jackson 5, with "I Want You Back" on January 31, 1970.
Stevie Wonder (age 7003483700000000000♠13 years, 89 days) is the youngest solo artist to top the Hot 100. He set the record with "Fingertips Pt. 2" on August 10, 1963.
Little Peggy March (age 7003552800000000000♠15 years, 50 days) is the youngest female artist to top the Hot 100. The song which established this record for her was "I Will Follow Him", which reached #1 on April 27, 1963.
Tony Bennett, at 7004311050000000000♠85 years, 59 days old, is the oldest living artist to chart. His song "Body and Soul", a duet with Amy Winehouse, ranked at #87 on October 1, 2011.
French-born Jordy Lemoine (age 7003198300000000000♠5 years, 156 days) is the youngest artist to chart on the Hot 100. He established the record when his song "Dur dur d'être bébé! (It's Tough to Be a Baby)", where he is credited simply as Jordy, entered the chart on June 19, 1993.[129][130]

text: Gap records

text:
The longest gap between #1 hits on the Hot 100 for an artist is 7003912100000000000♠24 years, 355 days by Cher. Her single "Believe" hit #1 on March 13, 1999, her first time on top since "Dark Lady" on March 23, 1974.
Cher also holds the record gap between first and most recent #1 on the Hot 100 over the longest period of time: 7004122850000000000♠33 years, 232 days. The first of three weeks at #1 for "I Got You Babe" by Sonny & Cher was August 14, 1965. The last week at #1 for Cher's "Believe" was April 3, 1999.
The record for the longest wait from an artist's Hot 100 debut entry to its first #1 belongs to Santana, with 30 years between the time he first cracked the Hot 100 with "Jingo" (October 25, 1969) and the first of 12 weeks at #1 with "Smooth," featuring Rob Thomas (October 23, 1999).
When the Tony Bennett and Amy Winehouse duet "Body and Soul" debuted at #87 for the week of October 1, 2011,[131] Bennett became the artist with the longest overall span of singles on the Hot 100 – 7004194160000000000♠53 years, 58 days on account of his single "Young and Warm and Wonderful" which appeared at #59 on the very first edition of the Hot 100, dated August 4, 1958.

text: Album achievements

text: Most number-one singles from one album

text:
Number of
Singles
Artist
Album
Year

5

Michael Jackson
Bad

1987

Katy Perry
Teenage Dream

2010

4

Various artists
Saturday Night Fever

1977

Whitney Houston
Whitney

1987

George Michael
Faith

Paula Abdul
Forever Your Girl

1988

Janet Jackson
Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814

1989

Mariah Carey
Mariah Carey

1990

Usher
Confessions

2004

text:
Saturday Night Fever generated number-one singles for two different artists: "How Deep Is Your Love", "Stayin' Alive" and "Night Fever" by the Bee Gees; and "If I Can't Have You" by Yvonne Elliman.
Katy Perry's Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection was a reissue of the Teenage Dream album, and featured an additional single, "Part Of Me", which peaked at Number One on the Billboard Hot 100. This brings her actual total to six. However, this does not count since the single comes from a reissue of the album and not the original release.[133]

text: Most top ten singles from one album

text:
Number of
singles
Artist
Album
Year

7

Michael Jackson
Thriller

1982

Bruce Springsteen
Born in the U.S.A.

1984

Janet Jackson
Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814

1989

6

Michael Jackson
Bad

1987

George Michael
Faith

Janet Jackson
Janet.

1993

Katy Perry
Teenage Dream

2010

5

Lionel Richie
Can't Slow Down

1983

Janet Jackson
Control

1986

Genesis
Invisible Touch

Madonna
True Blue

Huey Lewis and the News
Fore!

Whitney Houston
Whitney

1987

Paula Abdul
Forever Your Girl

1988

Bobby Brown
Don't Be Cruel

New Kids on the Block
Hangin' Tough

Bon Jovi
New Jersey

Milli Vanilli
Girl You Know It's True

1989

Various artists †
Waiting to Exhale

1995

Fergie
The Dutchess

2006

The Black Eyed Peas
The E.N.D.

2009

Taylor Swift
1989

2014

text: † Waiting to Exhale generated top ten singles for five different artists: "Exhale (Shoop Shoop)" and "Count on Me" by Whitney Houston (the latter with CeCe Winans), "Not Gon' Cry" by Mary J. Blige, "Sittin' Up in My Room" by Brandy, and "Let It Flow" by Toni Braxton.

text: Other album achievements

text:
Janet Jackson's Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814 has the most top 5 singles, with 7.[135]
Janet Jackson has the most albums with five or more Top 10 hits. Those albums are Control, Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation 1814, and janet.[136]
Drake's More Life places a record-breaking 22 entries to the Billboard Hot 100 at the same time, on the April 8, 2017 chart,[104] eclipsing his previous record of 18 from his album Views less than one year earlier, on May 21, 2016.[137]

text: NOTE: Numbers listed here are, per Billboard's rules,[138] over one release.

text: Producer achievements

text: Producers with the most number-one singles

text:
Number of
singles
Producer(s)
Best known producing for
Biggest number-one hit and date

23

George Martin
The Beatles
"Hey Jude"[139]
(September 28, 1968)

22

Max Martin
Britney Spears, Katy Perry,
Kelly Clarkson, Pink, Taylor Swift
"Dark Horse" [140]
(February 8, 2014)

16

Steve Sholes †
Elvis Presley
"Hound Dog/Don't Be Cruel"
(August 18, 1956)

Jimmy Jam, Terry Lewis
Janet Jackson
"That's the Way Love Goes"[73]
(May 15, 1993)

Dr. Luke
Katy Perry, Kelly Clarkson,
Kesha, Miley Cyrus
"Tik Tok"[141]
(January 2, 2010)

14

Barry Gibb
Bee Gees, Andy Gibb
"How Deep Is Your Love"[141]
(December 24, 1977)

Mariah Carey
Herself
"We Belong Together"[141]
(June 4, 2005)

text: † Pre-Hot 100 charts and Hot 100

text: Songwriter achievements

text: Songwriters with the most number-one singles

text:
Number of
singles
Songwriter
Best known writing for
Biggest number-one hit and date

32

Paul McCartney
The Beatles
"Hey Jude"[139]
(September 28, 1968)

26

John Lennon

22

Max Martin
Katy Perry, Britney Spears,
Kelly Clarkson, Pink, Taylor Swift
"Dark Horse"[140]
(February 8, 2014)

17

Mariah Carey
Herself
"We Belong Together"[146]
(June 4, 2005)

16

Barry Gibb
Bee Gees, Andy Gibb
"How Deep Is Your Love"[147]
(December 24, 1977)

Dr. Luke
Katy Perry, Kesha, Miley Cyrus
"Tik Tok"
(January 2, 2010)

text:
Number of
singles
Songwriter(s)
Year
Number-one hits (in chronological order)

7

John Lennon
Paul McCartney
1964
The Beatles – "I Want to Hold Your Hand"†, "She Loves You"†, "Can't Buy Me Love"†, "Love Me Do"
Peter and Gordon – "A World Without Love"
The Beatles – "A Hard Day's Night", "I Feel Fine"†††

Barry Gibb ††
1978
Bee Gees – "How Deep Is Your Love", "Stayin' Alive"†
Andy Gibb – "(Love Is) Thicker Than Water"†
Bee Gees – "Night Fever"†
Yvonne Elliman – "If I Can't Have You"†
Andy Gibb – "Shadow Dancing"
Frankie Valli – "Grease"

5

Lamont Dozier
Brian Holland
Eddie Holland
1965
The Supremes – "Come See About Me", "Stop! In the Name of Love", "Back in My Arms Again"†
Four Tops – "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)"†
The Supremes – "I Hear a Symphony"

John Lennon †††
Paul McCartney †††
1965
The Beatles – "I Feel Fine", "Eight Days a Week", "Ticket to Ride", "Help!", "Yesterday" †††

Robin Gibb
Maurice Gibb
1978
Bee Gees – "How Deep Is Your Love", "Stayin' Alive", "Night Fever"†
Yvonne Elliman – "If I Can't Have You"†
Andy Gibb – "Shadow Dancing"

text:
† Chronologically sequential, replacing each other at #1
†† Holds all-time record of writing the most consecutively charted (self-replacing) #1 songs on the Hot 100, with 4.
††† Hold all-time record of writing the most consecutive #1 A-side singles, with 6. Record includes these five 1965 A-sides and "We Can Work It Out", which hit #1 in January 1966.

text: Selected additional Hot 100 achievements

text:
The first #1 song on the Hot 100 was "Poor Little Fool" by Ricky Nelson (August 4, 1958).
The #1 song in the first week Billboard incorporated sales and airplay data from Nielsen SoundScan and Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems was "Set Adrift on Memory Bliss" by P.M. Dawn (November 30, 1991).
The #1 song in the first week Billboard allowed songs without a commercial single release to chart on the Hot 100 was "I'm Your Angel" by R. Kelly and Céline Dion (December 5, 1998). Though the song was making its first appearance on the Hot 100 that week, Billboard did not consider it a debut at #1, since it appeared on unpublished test charts prior to the allowance of airplay-only songs on the main chart.[151] "I'm Your Angel" also entered the Hot 100 Singles Sales chart that week at #1,[152] so it would have been ineligible to chart on the Hot 100 before then.
The first "airplay-only" song to reach #1 (no points from a commercial single release) was "Try Again" by Aaliyah (June 17, 2000).
Drake holds the record for the most entries in the Hot 100 during a one-week period, with 24 on the April 8, 2017 chart.[104] The Beatles had long held this record, occupying 14 positions on the Hot 100 dated April 11, 1964, a feat unmatched for nearly 51 years. On March 7, 2015, Drake tied the Beatles mark,[153] and he equaled it again on October 17 that year.[154] Justin Bieber then reset the record to 17 on December 5, 2015,[155] before Drake reclaimed the record with 20 on May 21, 2016.[154]
Drake also holds the record for the most debuting entries on a Hot 100 chart by any artist, with 21 on April 8, 2017.[104]
Beyoncé is the record-holder among female artists for the most simultaneous entries in the Hot 100, with 12 on the May 14, 2016 chart.[156]
The Beatles are the only artists to simultaneously hold the top 2 spots on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart and Billboard 200 albums chart. They achieved this feat for nine consecutive weeks, from February 29, 1964, to April 25, 1964. For the first five weeks of that run, through March 28, 1964, "I Want to Hold Your Hand" and "She Loves You" were the #1 and #2 singles (which swapped positions during March 1964), while Meet the Beatles! and Introducing... The Beatles held the top 2 spots on the albums charts. For the remaining weeks of the run, "Can't Buy Me Love" and their cover of "Twist and Shout" were the #1 and #2 singles, while Meet the Beatles! and Introducing... The Beatles continued their reign as the top 2 albums.[157][158]
Barry Gibb, Robin Gibb, John Lennon, and Paul McCartney hold the record of writing all of the Top 3 singles for one week. The Gibbs co-wrote the top 3 singles for the week of March 18, 1978 – #1 "Night Fever" and #2 "Stayin' Alive" for the Bee Gees, and #3 "Emotion" for Samantha Sang. Lennon and McCartney co-wrote the top 3 singles for the week of March 14, 1964 – #1 "I Want to Hold Your Hand", #2 "She Loves You", and #3 "Please Please Me", all for The Beatles. They continued this record the following week of March 21, 1964, when "She Loves You" switched places with "I Want to Hold Your Hand".
The Black Eyed Peas hold the record for the longest uninterrupted time at #1 on the Hot 100, a total of 26 consecutive weeks from April to October 2009. "Boom Boom Pow" spent the first 12 weeks on top, with "I Gotta Feeling" taking over for the remaining 14 weeks.[159] Prior to August 2009, Usher held this record, spending 19 consecutive weeks on top of the chart in 2004 with "Yeah!" (12 weeks at #1) and "Burn" (first 7 of its 8 total weeks at #1).[160]
Taylor Swift holds the all-time record for most top ten debuts on the Hot 100, with 14.[161]
On December 4, 2010, Rihanna's "Only Girl (In the World)" reached the top spot two weeks after "What's My Name?", becoming the first time in Hot 100 history that an album's debut single hit #1 after the second single did.[162]
Ed Sheeran became the first artist to debut more than one song in the top 10 for the same week. On the chart dated January 28, 2017, "Shape of You" debuted at #1, while "Castle on the Hill" entered at #6.[163] Drake is the only other artist to have achieved this feat, doing so on April 8, 2017.[104]
Drake holds the record for being on the Hot 100 for the most consecutive weeks. He placed at least one song, either in a lead or featured role, on every chart from his debut on May 23, 2009, to August 19, 2017, for a total of 431 weeks in a row.[164]


document_title: Alfred Nobel

question_text: who is the nobel peace prize named for

question_tokens: who is the nobel peace prize named for

text: Alfred Nobel

text: Life and career

text: Born in Stockholm, Alfred Nobel was the third son of Immanuel Nobel (1801–1872), an inventor and engineer, and Carolina Andriette (Ahlsell) Nobel (1805–1889).[4] The couple married in 1827 and had eight children. The family was impoverished, and only Alfred and his three brothers survived past childhood.[4][5] Through his father, Alfred Nobel was a descendant of the Swedish scientist Olaus Rudbeck (1630–1702),[6] and in his turn the boy was interested in engineering, particularly explosives, learning the basic principles from his father at a young age. Alfred Nobel's interest in technology was inherited from his father, an alumnus of Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.[7]

text: Following various business failures, Nobel's father moved to Saint Petersburg in 1837 and grew successful there as a manufacturer of machine tools and explosives. He invented modern plywood and started work on the torpedo.[8] In 1842, the family joined him in the city. Now prosperous, his parents were able to send Nobel to private tutors and the boy excelled in his studies, particularly in chemistry and languages, achieving fluency in English, French, German and Russian.[4] For 18 months, from 1841 to 1842, Nobel went to the only school he ever attended as a child, the Jacobs Apologistic School in Stockholm.[5]

text: As a young man, Nobel studied with chemist Nikolai Zinin; then, in 1850, went to Paris to further the work. There he met Ascanio Sobrero, who had invented nitroglycerin three years before. Sobrero strongly opposed the use of nitroglycerin, as it was unpredictable, exploding when subjected to heat or pressure. But Nobel became interested in finding a way to control and use nitroglycerin as a commercially usable explosive, as it had much more power than gunpowder. At age 18, he went to the United States for one year[9] to study chemistry, working for a short period under inventor John Ericsson, who designed the American Civil War ironclad USS Monitor. Nobel filed his first patent, an English patent for a gas meter, in 1857, while his first Swedish patent, which he received in 1863, was on 'ways to prepare gunpowder'.[5][10][4][11]

text: The family factory produced armaments for the Crimean War (1853–1856), but had difficulty switching back to regular domestic production when the fighting ended and they filed for bankruptcy.[4] In 1859, Nobel's father left his factory in the care of the second son, Ludvig Nobel (1831–1888), who greatly improved the business. Nobel and his parents returned to Sweden from Russia and Nobel devoted himself to the study of explosives, and especially to the safe manufacture and use of nitroglycerin. Nobel invented a detonator in 1863, and in 1865 designed the blasting cap.[4]

text: On 3 September 1864, a shed used for preparation of nitroglycerin exploded at the factory in Heleneborg, Stockholm, killing five people, including Nobel's younger brother Emil.[5] Dogged and unfazed by more minor accidents, Nobel went on to build further factories, focusing on improving the stability of the explosives he was developing.[5] Nobel invented dynamite in 1867, a substance easier and safer to handle than the more unstable nitroglycerin. Dynamite was patented in the US and the UK and was used extensively in mining and the building of transport networks internationally.[4] In 1875 Nobel invented gelignite, more stable and powerful than dynamite, and in 1887 patented ballistite, a predecessor of cordite.[4]

text: Nobel was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1884, the same institution that would later select laureates for two of the Nobel prizes, and he received an honorary doctorate from Uppsala University in 1893.

text: Nobel's brothers Ludvig and Robert exploited oilfields along the Caspian Sea and became hugely rich in their own right. Nobel invested in these and amassed great wealth through the development of these new oil regions. During his life Nobel was issued 355 patents internationally and by his death his business had established more than 90 armaments factories, despite his belief in pacifism.[12][4]

text: In 1888, the death of his brother Ludvig caused several newspapers to publish obituaries of Alfred in error. One French newspaper published an obituary titled "Le marchand de la mort est mort" ("The merchant of death is dead"). Nobel read the obituary and was appalled at the idea that he would be remembered in this way. His decision to posthumously donate the majority of his wealth to found the Nobel Prize has been credited at least in part to him wanting to leave a behind a better legacy. [13][4]

text: Death

text: Accused of “high treason against France” for selling Ballistite to Italy, Nobel moved from Paris to Sanremo, Italy in 1891.[14][15] On December 10, 1896, Alfred Nobel succumbed to a lingering heart ailment, suffered a stroke, and died.[15] Unbeknownst to his family, friends or colleagues, he had left most of his wealth in trust, in order to fund the awards that would become known as the Nobel Prizes.[4] He is buried in Norra begravningsplatsen in Stockholm.

text: Personal life

text: Through baptism and confirmation Alfred Nobel was Lutheran and during his Paris years he regularly attended the Church of Sweden Abroad, led by pastor Nathan Söderblom, who would in 1930 also be the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize.[16][17] However, he became an agnostic at youth and was an atheist later in life.[18][19][20]

text: Nobel travelled for much of his business life, maintaining companies in various countries in Europe and North America and keeping a permanent home in Paris from 1873 to 1891.[5] He remained a solitary character, given to periods of depression. [4][21] Though Nobel remained unmarried, his biographers note that he had at least three loves. Nobel's first love was in Russia with a girl named Alexandra, who rejected his proposal. In 1876 Austro-Bohemian Countess Bertha Kinsky became Alfred Nobel's secretary, but after only a brief stay she left him to marry her previous lover, Baron Arthur Gundaccar von Suttner. Though her personal contact with Alfred Nobel had been brief, she corresponded with him until his death in 1896, and it is believed that she was a major influence in his decision to include a peace prize among those prizes provided in his will. Bertha von Suttner was awarded the 1905 Nobel Peace prize, 'for her sincere peace activities'.[citation needed]

text: Nobel's third and longest-lasting relationship was with Sofie Hess from Vienna, whom he met in 1876.[5] The liaison lasted for 18 years.[5] After his death, according to his biographers Evlanoff, Fluor and Fant, Nobel's letters were locked within the Nobel Institute in Stockholm. They were released only in 1955, to be included with other biographical data.[citation needed]

text: Despite the lack of formal secondary and tertiary level education, Nobel gained proficiency in six languages: Swedish, French, Russian, English, German and Italian. He also developed sufficient literary skill to write poetry in English. His Nemesis, a prose tragedy in four acts about Beatrice Cenci, partly inspired by Percy Bysshe Shelley's The Cenci, was printed while he was dying. The entire stock except for three copies was destroyed immediately after his death, being regarded as scandalous and blasphemous. The first surviving edition (bilingual Swedish–Esperanto) was published in Sweden in 2003. The play has been translated into Slovenian via the Esperanto version and into French.[22] In 2010 it was published in Russia in another bilingual (Russian–Esperanto) edition.[citation needed]

text: Inventions

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Nobel found that when nitroglycerin was incorporated in an absorbent inert substance like kieselguhr (diatomaceous earth) it became safer and more convenient to handle, and this mixture he patented in 1867 as "dynamite".[23] Nobel demonstrated his explosive for the first time that year, at a quarry in Redhill, Surrey, England. In order to help reestablish his name and improve the image of his business from the earlier controversies associated with the dangerous explosives, Nobel had also considered naming the highly powerful substance "Nobel's Safety Powder", but settled with Dynamite instead, referring to the Greek word for "power" (δύναμις).

text: Nobel later combined nitroglycerin with various nitrocellulose compounds, similar to collodion, but settled on a more efficient recipe combining another nitrate explosive, and obtained a transparent, jelly-like substance, which was a more powerful explosive than dynamite. 'Gelignite', or blasting gelatin, as it was named, was patented in 1876; and was followed by a host of similar combinations, modified by the addition of potassium nitrate and various other substances.[23] Gelignite was more stable, transportable and conveniently formed to fit into bored holes, like those used in drilling and mining, than the previously used compounds and was adopted as the standard technology for mining in the Age of Engineering bringing Nobel a great amount of financial success, though at a significant cost to his health. An offshoot of this research resulted in Nobel's invention of ballistite, the precursor of many modern smokeless powder explosives and still used as a rocket propellant.

text: Nobel Prizes

text: In 1888 Alfred's brother Ludvig died while visiting Cannes and a French newspaper erroneously published Alfred's obituary.[4] It condemned him for his invention of dynamite and is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death.[4][24] The obituary stated, Le marchand de la mort est mort ("The merchant of death is dead")[4] and went on to say, "Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday."[25] Alfred (who never had a wife or children) was disappointed with what he read and concerned with how he would be remembered.[citation needed]

text: On 27 November 1895, at the Swedish-Norwegian Club in Paris, Nobel signed his last will and testament and set aside the bulk of his estate to establish the Nobel Prizes, to be awarded annually without distinction of nationality.[23] After taxes and bequests to individuals, Nobel's will allocated 94% of his total assets, 31,225,000 Swedish kronor, to establish the five Nobel Prizes. This converted to £1,687,837 (GBP) at the time.[26][27][28][29] In 2012, the capital was worth around SEK 3.1 billion (USD 472 million, EUR 337 million), which is almost twice the amount of the initial capital, taking inflation into account.[27]

text: The first three of these prizes are awarded for eminence in physical science, in chemistry and in medical science or physiology; the fourth is for literary work "in an ideal direction" and the fifth prize is to be given to the person or society that renders the greatest service to the cause of international fraternity, in the suppression or reduction of standing armies, or in the establishment or furtherance of peace congresses.[23]

text: The formulation for the literary prize being given for a work "in an ideal direction" (i idealisk riktning in Swedish), is cryptic and has caused much confusion. For many years, the Swedish Academy interpreted "ideal" as "idealistic" (idealistisk) and used it as a reason not to give the prize to important but less romantic authors, such as Henrik Ibsen and Leo Tolstoy. This interpretation has since been revised, and the prize has been awarded to, for example, Dario Fo and José Saramago, who do not belong to the camp of literary idealism.[citation needed]

text: There was room for interpretation by the bodies he had named for deciding on the physical sciences and chemistry prizes, given that he had not consulted them before making the will. In his one-page testament, he stipulated that the money go to discoveries or inventions in the physical sciences and to discoveries or improvements in chemistry. He had opened the door to technological awards, but had not left instructions on how to deal with the distinction between science and technology. Since the deciding bodies he had chosen were more concerned with the former, the prizes went to scientists more often than engineers, technicians or other inventors.[citation needed]

text: In 2001, Alfred Nobel's great-great-nephew, Peter Nobel (b. 1931), asked the Bank of Sweden to differentiate its award to economists given "in Alfred Nobel's memory" from the five other awards. This request added to the controversy over whether the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel is actually a legitimate "Nobel Prize".[30]

text: Monuments

text: The Monument to Alfred Nobel (Russian: Памятник Альфреду Нобелю, 59°57′39″N 30°20′06″E / 59.960787°N 30.334905°E / 59.960787; 30.334905) in Saint Petersburg is located along the Bolshaya Nevka River on Petrogradskaya Embankment. It was dedicated in 1991 to mark the 90th anniversary of the first Nobel Prize presentation. Diplomat Thomas Bertelman and Professor Arkady Melua initiators of creation of the monument (1989). Professor A. Melua has provided funds for the establishment of the monument (J.S.Co. "Humanistica", 1990–1991). The abstract metal sculpture was designed by local artists Sergey Alipov and Pavel Shevchenko, and appears to be an explosion or branches of a tree.[31] Petrogradskaya Embankment is the street where the Nobel's family lived until 1859.[32]

text: Criticism

text: Criticism of Nobel focuses on his leading role in weapons manufacturing and sales, and some question his motives in creating his prizes, suggesting they were intended to improve his reputation.[33]


document_title: Leaders of the Vietnam War

question_text: who ruled north vietnam during the vietnam war

text: Leaders of the Vietnam War

text: Ho Chi Minh (19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969)[edit]

text: Ho Chi Minh whose birth name was Nguyen Sinh Cung and also known as Nguyen Tat Thanh and Nguyen Ai Quoc was a Vietnamese revolutionary leader following the path of communism.

text: He left his country on a French steamer in 1911 and traveled extensively around the world participating actively in the Communist International before returning to Vietnam in 1941. He then organized and led the Viet Minh to fight for Vietnamese Independence. He became more popular for his declaration of Vietnam independence from France, which paraphrased a part of the U.S declaration of independence that says "All men are created equal…" Since 1945, he became a prime minister and president  of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). In the late 1950s, Ho Chi Minh organized another communist guerrilla movement widely known as Viet Cong in South Vietnam.

text: Ho Chi Minh was the key figure and held the main leadership of North Vietnam during both wars in the country. He remained as a great source of inspiration for the Vietnamese who were fighting for a united Vietnam as in his wish after he officially stepped aside in 1965 and even after his death in 1969. The final offensive against Saigon – the capital of South Vietnam in 1975 was named after him (the Ho Chi Minh Campaign). Vietnam was reunified under the Communist rule after the fall of Saigon in April 1975, nearly 30 years after Ho's declaration of independence and 6 years after his death. Soon after that, Saigon was renamed Ho Chi Minh city in honour of his vast contributions to Vietnam.

text: Vo Nguyen Giap (August 25, 1911 – October 4, 2013)[edit]

text: Vo Nguyen Giap was a General, Commander in Chief of the Vietnam People's Army (VNA) and Vietnamese politician. He played a major role as a commander in the First Indochina War (1946-1954) and the Vietnam War (1960-1975) in which he was involved directly in many important campaigns such as the Border Campaign in Fall–Winter (1950), the Battle of Dien Bien Phu (1954), the Tet Offensive (1968), the Easter Offensive (1972), the final Ho Chi Minh Campaign (1975) which led to the fall of Saigon and South Vietnam. Giap, together with Ho Chi Minh, was the most prominent figure of North Vietnam during the wars in the country.

text: After the war, he was still the Minister of Defence until 1980 and served as a member of Political Bureau of the Communist Party of Vietnam until his retirement in 1991. Giap celebrated his 100th birthday in 2011 and becomes the oldest Vietnam political and military figure that have ever lived. He is also considered by both his partisans and opponents as one of the greatest military commanders in history.

text: Ngo Dinh Diem (3 January 1901 – 2 November 1963)[edit]

text: Diem was a Vietnamese politician served as an officer in the Nguyen Dynasty. Because of his drastic ideological of anti-communism, Diem received support from the United States and became the first President of the Republic of Vietnam in 1955. However, as a Catholic, Diem pursued the persecution of Buddhists which led to many religious protests notably the self-immolation of Thich Quang Duc in 1963. As a result, Diem gradually lost U.S support and was assassinated, together with his brother Nhu, in a coup in 1963.

text: Nguyen Cao Ky (8 September 1930 – 23 July 2011)[edit]

text: Nguyen Cao Ky was a senior army officer and a former politician of Republic of Vietnam. He served as a prime minister (1965-1967) and Vice President (1967-1971) of the Republic of Vietnam. From an ally, he then became the opponent of President Nguyen Van Thieu and was mostly sidelined during Thieu's presidency. Ky had been seen as an aggressive anti-Communist person in the period before 1975 and but then was regarded as a symbol of national reconciliation by the Vietnamese Communist Party since 2004 when he became the first South Vietnamese leader returning to the country.

text: Nguyen Van Thieu (5 April 1923 – 29 September 2001)[edit]

text: Thieu was the Leadership Committee Chairman (1965-1967) and President of the Republic of Vietnam (1967-1975). In 1963, Thieu joined a military coup to overthrow Diem. During his years as president, Thieu was accused of indulging in corruption. His struggle for power with Ky led to the decisions of side-lining Ky's supporters and choosing loyalists instead of decent commanders to lead the Army of Public of Vietnam (APVN) forces. He strongly opposed the Paris Peace Accords (1973) and publicly blamed the U.S not keeping its promise for fall of Saigon and South Vietnam in 1975.

text: Anti-Communist forces[edit]

text: South Vietnam[edit]

text: Political[edit]

text:
Ngô Đình Diệm was the President of South Vietnam from 1955 until his assassination in 1963.
Ngô Đình Nhu was Diệm's younger brother and generally regarded as the architect of the Ngô family's rule.
Dương Văn Minh led the South Vietnamese Army under President Diệm and was briefly leader of South Vietnam in 1963 and 1975. He was the last president.
Nguyễn Thành was a general who was in power from early 1964 to 1965.
Nguyễn Văn Thiệu was the President of South Vietnam from 1967 to 1975.
Nguyễn Cao Kỳ was the Prime Minister of South Vietnam from 1965 to 1967 and the Vice President from 1967 to 1971.
Trần Văn Hương was the second to last President of South Vietnam before its surrender in 1975.

text: Military[edit]

text:
Hoàng Xuân Lãm was a general in the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, commander of I Corps.
Lê Nguyên Khang was the commander of the Republic of Vietnam Marine Corps.
Ngo Quang Truong a lieutenant general and commander of the I Corps.

text: United States of America[edit]

text: Political[edit]

text:
Dwight D. Eisenhower was  the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
John F. Kennedy was the 35th President of the United States from 1961 until his death in 1963.
Lyndon B. Johnson was the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969.
Richard Nixon was the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until he resigned in 1974.
Gerald Ford was the 38th President of the United States from 1974 to 1977.
Robert McNamara was the 8th Secretary of Defense, serving under Presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson from 1961 to 1968.
Clark Clifford was the 9th Secretary of Defense, serving under President Lyndon B. Johnson from 1968 to 1969.
Melvin R. Laird was the 10th Secretary of Defense, serving under President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1973.
James R. Schlesinger was the 12th  Secretary of Defense, serving under President Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford from 1973 to 1975.
Henry Kissinger was the 8th National Security Advisor and the 56th Secretary of State, serving under Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford from 1969 to 1977.

text: Military[edit]

text:
Earle Wheeler was a United States Army General who served as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1964 to 1970.
Thomas Hinman Moorer was a U.S. admiral who served as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1970 to 1974.
William Westmoreland was an American General who commanded American military operations in the Vietnam War from 1964 to 1968.
Creighton Abrams was an American General who commanded American military operations in the Vietnam War from 1968 to 1972.
Frederick C. Weyand was a U.S. Army General who was the last commander of American military operations in the Vietnam War from 1972 to 1973.
Elmo Zumwalt was an American naval officer and commander of American naval forces in Vietnam.
William W. Momyer was commander of the U.S. Air Force Tactical Air Command and the commander of the 7th Air Force.
John S. McCain, Jr. was an American admiral and Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Command.
George Stephen Morrison was an American Rear Navy Admiral in Command during the Gulf of Tonkin incident, which escalated the U.S involvement in Vietnam.

text: Republic of Korea[edit]

text:
Park Chung-hee was the President of South Korea from 1963 until his assassination in 1979.
Chae Myung-shin was the Commander of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces in Vietnam from 1965 to 1969.
Lee Se-ho was the Commander of the Republic of Korea Armed Forces in Vietnam from 1969 to 1973.

text: Australia[edit]

text:
Sir Robert Menzies was the Prime Minister of Australia from 1949 to 1966.
Harold Holt was the Prime Minister of Australia from 1966 to 1967.
John Gorton was the Prime Minister of Australia from 1968 to 1971.
Gough Whitlam was the Prime Minister of Australia from 1972 to 1975.
Air Chief Marshal Sir Frederick Scherger was Chairman, Chiefs of Staff Committee from 1961 to 1966.
Lieutenant General Sir Reginald Pollard was Chief of Army from 1960 to 1963.
Ted Serong was a senior officer of the Australian Army and commander of the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam from 1962 to 1965.
Donald Dunstan was an Australian Army officer, who was commander of Australian Forces in Vietnam in 1971 and 1972.

text: New Zealand[edit]

text:
Keith Holyoake was the Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1960 to 1972.
Jack Marshall was the Prime Minister of New Zealand in 1972.
Norman Kirk was the Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1972 to 1974.

text: Philippines[edit]

text: Ferdinand Marcos was the President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986.

text: Taiwan[edit]

text: Chiang Kai Shek was the President of the Republic of China from 1948 to 1975

text: Thailand[edit]

text:
Sarit Thanarat Prime minister of Thailand from 1958 to 1963 against the communist Pathet Lao guerrillas in the neighboring Kingdom of Laos. During his years as prime minister Sarit was a patron of his cousin, the Lao strongman General Phoumi Nosavan, against the communist Pathet Lao guerrillas in the neighboring Kingdom of Laos.
Thanom Kittikachorn Prime minister of Thailand from 1963 to 1973 and Chief of the Royal Thai Armed Forces from 1967 to 1972.
Praphas Charusathien Chief of the Royal Thai Army from 1964 to 1973

text: Khmer Republic[edit]

text:
Lon Nol was the Prime Minister of Cambodia from 1966 to 1967 and then again in 1969 to 1972, after which he was President until 1975.
Sosthene Fernandez was the commander-in-chief of the Khmer National Armed Forces of Lon Nol's Khmer Republic.

text: Kingdom of Laos[edit]

text:
Souvanna Phouma was the prince of Laos and a political figure.
Vang Pao was a major general in the Royal Lao Army and commander of the Hmong guerrilla forces that had a large impact on the war.

text: Spain[edit]

text: Francisco Franco was the Caudillo of Spain from 1939 to 1975.

text: Communist forces[edit]

text: North Vietnam[edit]

text: Political[edit]

text:
Hồ Chí Minh was prime minister from 1946 to 1955 and president from 1945 until his death in 1969 of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam).
Lê Duẩn was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam and leader of North Vietnam and later the unified Vietnam from 1969 until his death in 1986.
Tôn Đức Thắng was the second and final President of North Vietnam and the first President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
Phạm Văn Đồng was the Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1955 to 1976.
Lê Đức Thọ was a Vietnamese politician who, as North Vietnam's representative, negotiated the Paris Peace Accords.
Trường Chinh was ranked in the top 3 of the Vietnamese Politburo from 1941 to 1986 and both preceded and succeeded Le Duan as General Secretary.

text: Military[edit]

text:
Võ Nguyên Giáp was the Vietnamese General in the Vietnam People's Army (NVA), Commander-in-Chief of PAVN and was one of the most prominent military leaders during the war.
Văn Tiến Dũng was a Vietnamese general in the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN), PAVN chief of staff (1954–1974); PAVN commander in chief (1974–1980); and Socialist Republic of Vietnam defense minister (1980–1986).
Hoàng Văn Thái was the General Staff formed National Army, after holding The first Chief of General Staff of the People's Army of Vietnam.
Nguyễn Hữu An was a general in the Vietnamese People's Army, commander of the 2nd Army Corps.
Lê Trọng Tấn was a general and key figure of the Vietnamese People's Army, he was the deputy commander of the Viet Cong and held senior commands in the Easter Offensive and the Ho Chi Minh campaign.
Hoàng Minh Thảo was a general and military theorist of Vietnamese People's Army and an advisor to the Viet Cong.

text: Viet Cong (National Liberation Front)[edit]

text:
Nguyễn Hữu Thọ was the chairman of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam.
Hoàng Văn Thái was one of the leading commanders of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (1967–1973, during the U.S. buildup in South Vietnam),  during the Tet Offensive he was the most senior North Vietnamese Officer in South Vietnam.
Trần Văn Trà was one of the leading commanders of the National Liberation Front of South Vietnam and a member of the Central Committee of the Lao Dong Party.
Tran Do was the deputy commander of the Viet Cong.
Nguyễn Văn Linh was a political leader of the Viet Cong during the Vietnam War who served as party secretary of South Vietnam for Communist Party of Vietnam.
Võ Chí Công was a Vietnamese Communist political figure who was one of the founding members of the Viet Cong.
Huỳnh Tấn Phát chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam from 1969 to 1976.

text: Khmer Rouge[edit]

text:
Pol Pot was the leader of the Cambodian communist movement known as the Khmer Rouge.
Khieu Samphan was the head of the CPNLAF, the Khmer Rouge armed forces.

text: Pathet Lao[edit]

text:
Souphanouvong was the figurehead leader of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, and upon its successful seizure of power in 1975, he became the first President of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
Phoumi Vongvichit was a leading figure of the Pathet Lao and an elder statesman of the Lao People's Democratic Republic.
Kaysone Phomvihane was the actual head of the LPRP from 1955 to his death in 1992 and Prime Minister and then President after the takeover.
Khamtai Siphandon was the military commander of the Pathet Lao and Defense Minister after the takeover before succeeding Kaysone Phomvihane.

text: People's Republic of China[edit]

text: Mao Zedong was the leader of the People's Republic of China from 1949 until his death in 1976.

text: Soviet Union[edit]

text:
Nikita Khrushchev was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964. He was the leader of USSR when JFK was U.S. president.
Leonid Brezhnev was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1964 until his death in 1982. He was the leader of the USSR when Lyndon B. Johnson was U.S. president.
Rodion Malinovsky was the Marshal of the Soviet Union and Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union in 1957–1967.
Andrei Grechko was the Marshal of the Soviet Union Minister of Defense of the Soviet Union in 1967–1976.
Anatoliy Hiuppinen was the commander of the Soviet forces stationed in Vietnam.

text: North Korea[edit]

text: Kim Il-sung was the leader of North Korea from 1948 until his death in 1994.

text: People of the Vietnam War

text: Articles lacking sources from January 2012All articles lacking sources


document_title: Torres Strait Islander Flag

question_text: what does the green on the torres strait islander flag represent

text: Torres Strait Islander Flag

text: Status[edit]

text: The Government of Australia granted it Flag of Australia status, under the Flags Act 1953 (Cth), by proclamation on 14 July 1995.[1]

text: Due to an "administrative oversight", the 1995 proclamation was not lodged so that it would continue in force indefinitely; hence it automatically expired on 1 January 2008. It was therefore almost identically replaced, on 25 January 2008, with effect as from 1 January.[2]

text: In the 2008 proclamation, the flag "is recognised as the flag of the Torres Strait Islander people of Australia and a flag of significance to the Australian nation generally" and appointed "to be the flag of the Torres Strait Islander people of Australia and to be known as the Torres Strait Islander Flag". The design is reproduced in Schedule 1 and described in Schedule 2.

text: Although Namok has since died, the Torres Strait Islander Flag is still subject to copyright under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth). The copyright was administered by the Island Coordinating Council until 2008, when that body was superseded by the Torres Strait Island Regional Council, which is willing to permit reproductions of the flag that are accurate and that acknowledge Namok as the designer.[3]

text: Symbolic meaning[edit]

text: The green panels at the top and the bottom of the flag symbolise the land, while the blue panel in the centre represents the waters of the Torres Strait. The thin black stripes between the green and blue panels signify the Torres Strait Islanders themselves. The white five-pointed star at the centre of the flag represents the five major island groups, and the white dhari (dancer's headdress) around it also symbolises the Torres Strait Islands people. White symbolises peace, while the star is a symbol for navigation.[4]


document_title: Monetary hawk and dove

question_text: if the federal reserve chair is considered a dove this means that she

text: Monetary hawk and dove

text:
Public finance

Policies[show]

Agricultural
Economic
Energy
Industrial
Investment
Social
Trade
Fiscal
Monetary
Policy mix

Fiscal policy[show]

Budget

policy

Debt

external
internal

Deficit / surplus
Finance ministry
Fiscal union
Revenue
Spending

deficit

Tax

Monetary policy[show]

Bank reserves

requirements

Discount window
Gold reserves
Interest rate
Monetary authority

central bank
currency board

Monetary base
Monetary (currency) union
Money supply

Trade policy[show]

Balance of trade
Free trade
Gains from trade
Non-tariff barrier
Protectionism
Tariff
Trade bloc
Trade creation
Trade diversion
Trade / commerce ministry

Revenue
Spending

[show]

Non-tax revenue
Tax revenue
Discretionary spending
Mandatory spending

Optimum[show]

Balanced budget
Economic growth
Price stability

Reform[show]

Fiscal adjustment
Monetary reform

v
t
e

text: A monetary hawk, or hawk for short, is a term used to describe someone who places keeping inflation low as the top priority in monetary policy. The term contrasts with a monetary dove, which describes someone who emphasizes other issues, especially low unemployment, over low inflation.

text: The two terms are commonly used in the United States to describe members and nominees to the Federal Reserve Board of Governors, who have major influence on United States monetary policy both as Federal Reserve Governors and as members of the Federal Open Market Committee.[1][2] The terms are also used outside of the United States, in places such as the United Kingdom[3] and India.[4] The term "pigeon" has been used to describe individuals who take positions between those of hawks and doves,[1] although the term "centrist" is also used.

text: Doves generally are more in favor of expansionary monetary policy, including low interest rates, while hawks tend to favor "tight" monetary policy. For example, doves in the United States tend to favor quantitative easing, seeing it as a way to stimulate the economy,[5] while hawks tend to oppose quantitative easing, seeing it as a distortion of asset markets.[1] Additionally, hawks tend to project higher future inflation, and hence see more risk from inflation and a greater need for tight monetary policies, while doves tend to predict lower future inflation, and hence see more need for expansionary monetary policies.[6]

text: An individual can be a hawk in some cases and a dove in others.[6] For example, Janet Yellen was described as a hawk during the economic boom of the 1990s, but was usually described as a dove when she was nominated to Chair the Federal Reserve.[7] Additionally, the label of "hawk" and "dove" may be applied differently depending on the point of view.[8]

text: The hawk–dove dichotomy has been criticized as overly simplistic, especially in times of low inflation or deflation. For example, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis President James Bullard has been described as a "deflation hawk" for favoring policies that would raise inflation to a target of 2 percent per year. Washington Post columnist Neil Irwin used the term "bubble hawk" to describe those who focus on using monetary policy to fight financial bubbles.[9]