document_title: Royal Canadian Mounted Police

question_text: when did the northwest mounted police become the rcmp

question_tokens: when did the northwest mounted police become the rcmp

text: Royal Canadian Mounted Police

text: Overview[edit]

text: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) was formed in 1920 by the merger of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNWMP), founded in 1873, with the Dominion Police founded in 1868. The former was originally named the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP), and was given the Royal prefix by King Edward VII in 1904. Much of the present day organization's symbolism has been inherited from its days as the NWMP and RNWMP, including the distinctive Red Serge uniform, paramilitary heritage, and mythos as a frontier force. The RCMP-GRC wording is protected under the Trade-marks Act.[10]

text: Despite its name, the RCMP is not an actual mounted police force, with horses only being used at ceremonial events. The predecessor NWMP and RNWMP had relied on horses for transport for most of their history, though the RNWMP was switching to automobiles at the time of the merger.

text: As Canada's national police force, the RCMP is primarily responsible for enforcing federal laws throughout Canada while general law and order including the enforcement of the Criminal Code and applicable provincial legislation is constitutionally the responsibility of the provinces and territories. Larger cities may form their own municipal police departments.

text: The two most populous provinces, Ontario and Quebec, maintain provincial forces: the Ontario Provincial Police and Sûreté du Québec. The other eight provinces contract policing responsibilities to the RCMP. The RCMP provides front-line policing in those provinces under the direction of the provincial governments. When Newfoundland joined the confederation in 1949, the RCMP entered the province and absorbed the then Newfoundland Ranger Force, which patrolled most of Newfoundland's rural areas. The Royal Newfoundland Constabulary patrols urban areas of the province. In the territories, the RCMP is the sole territorial police force. Many municipalities throughout Canada contract to the RCMP. Thus, the RCMP polices at the federal, provincial, and municipal level. In several areas of Canada, it is the only police force.

text: The RCMP is responsible for an unusually large breadth of duties. Under their federal mandate, the RCMP police throughout Canada, including Ontario and Quebec (albeit under smaller scales there). Federal operations include: enforcing federal laws including commercial crime, counterfeiting, drug trafficking, border integrity, organized crime, and other related matters; providing counter-terrorism and domestic security; providing protection services for the Monarch, Governor General, Prime Minister, their families and residences, and other ministers of the Crown, visiting dignitaries, and diplomatic missions; and participating in various international policing efforts.

text: Under provincial and municipal contracts the RCMP provides front-line policing in all areas outside of Ontario and Quebec that do not have an established local police force. There are detachments located in small villages in the far north, remote First Nations reserves, and rural towns, but also larger cities such as Surrey, British Columbia (population 468,251+). There, support units investigate for their own detachments, and smaller municipal police forces. Investigations include major crimes, homicides, forensic identification, collision forensics, police dogs, emergency response teams, explosives disposal, and undercover operations. Under its National Police Services branch the RCMP supports all police forces in Canada via the Canadian Police Information Centre, Criminal Intelligence Service Canada, Forensic Science and Identification Services, Canadian Firearms Program, and the Canadian Police College.

text: The RCMP Security Service was a specialized political intelligence and counterintelligence branch with national security responsibilities, replaced by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service in 1984, following revelations of illegal covert operations relating to the Quebec separatist movement.[11] CSIS is not part of the RCMP, but is its own entity.

text: History[edit]

text: Founding[edit]

text: Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald first began planning a permanent force to patrol the North-West Territories after the Dominion of Canada purchased the territory from the Hudson's Bay Company. Reports from Army officers surveying the territory led to the recommendation that a mounted force of between 100 to 150 mounted riflemen could maintain law and order. The Prime Minister first announced the force as the North West Mounted Rifles. However, officials in the United States raised concerns that an armed force along the border was a prelude to a military buildup. Macdonald then renamed the force the North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) when formed in 1873.[12]

text: The force added "Royal" to its name in 1904. It merged with the Dominion Police, the main police force for all points east of Manitoba, in 1920 and was renamed as the "Royal Canadian Mounted Police". The new organization was charged with federal law enforcement in all the provinces and territories, and immediately established its modern role as protector of Canadian national security, as well as assuming responsibility for national counterintelligence.

text: As part of its national security and intelligence functions, the RCMP infiltrated ethnic or political groups considered to be dangerous to Canada. This included the Communist Party of Canada, but also a variety of minority cultural and nationalist groups. The force was also deeply involved in immigration matters, and especially deportations of suspected radicals. They were especially concerned with Ukrainian groups, both nationalist and socialist.[13] The Chinese community was also targeted because of a perceived link to opium dens. Historians estimate fully two percent of the Chinese community was deported between 1923 and 1932, largely under the provisions of the Opium and Narcotics Drugs Act (ONDA).[14] Besides the RCMP's new responsibilities in intelligence, drugs enforcement, and immigration, the force also assisted numerous other federal agencies with tasks such as enforcing the residential school system for Aboriginal children.

text: In 1935, the RCMP, collaborating with the Regina Police Service, crushed the On-to-Ottawa Trek by sparking the Regina Riot, in which one city police officer and one protester were killed. The Trek, which had been organized to call attention to the abysmal conditions in relief camps, therefore failed to reach Ottawa, but nevertheless had profound political reverberations.

text: The RCMP employed special constables to assist with strikebreaking in the interwar period. For a brief period in the late 1930s, a volunteer militia group, the Legion of Frontiersmen were affiliated with the RCMP. Many members of the RCMP belonged to this organization, which was prepared to serve as an auxiliary force. In later years, special constables performed duties such as policing airports and, in some Canadian provinces, the courthouses.

text: In 1932, men and vessels of the Preventive Service, National Revenue, were absorbed, creating the RCMP Marine Section. The acquisition of the RCMP schooner St. Roch facilitated the first effective patrol of Canada's Arctic territory. It was the first vessel to navigate the Northwest Passage from west to east (1940–42), the first to navigate the Passage in one season (from Halifax to Vancouver in 1944), the first to sail either way through the Passage in one season, and the first to circumnavigate North America (1950).[15]

text: Counterintelligence work was moved from the RCMP's Criminal Investigation Department to a specialized intelligence branch, the RCMP Security Service, in 1939.

text: Post-war[edit]

text: On April 1, 1949, Newfoundland joined in full confederation with Canada and the Newfoundland Ranger Force amalgamated with the RCMP.

text: Following the 1945 defection of Soviet cipher clerk, Igor Gouzenko, and his revelations of espionage, the RCMP Security Service implemented measures to screen out "subversive" elements from the public sector.[16]

text: In June 1953, the RCMP became an full member of the International Criminal Police Organisation (Interpol).[17]

text: Queen Elizabeth II approved in Regina, Saskatchewan on July 4, 1973, a new badge for the RCMP, in recognition of which the force presented the sovereign with a tapestry rendering of the new design.[18]

text: In the late 1970s, revelations surfaced that the RCMP Security Service force had in the course of their intelligence duties engaged in crimes such as burning a barn and stealing documents from the separatist Parti Québécois, and other abuses. This led to the Royal Commission of Inquiry into Certain Activities of the RCMP, better known as the "McDonald Commission," named for the presiding judge, Mr Justice David Cargill McDonald. The Commission recommended that the force's intelligences duties be removed in favour of the creation of a separate intelligence agency, the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS).

text: Modern era[edit]

text: In 1993, the Special Emergency Response Team (SERT), were transferred to the Canadian Forces (CF), creating a new unit called Joint Task Force 2 (JTF2). JTF2 inherited some equipment and SERT's former training base near Ottawa.

text: In 2006, the United States Coast Guard's Ninth District and the RCMP began a program called "Shiprider," in which 12 Mounties from the RCMP detachment at Windsor and 16 US Coast Guard boarding officers from stations in Michigan ride in each other's vessels. The intent is to allow for seamless enforcement of the international border.[19]

text: On December 6, 2006, RCMP Commissioner Giuliano Zaccardelli resigned after admitting that his earlier testimony about the Maher Arar terrorist case was inaccurate. The RCMP's actions were scrutinized by the Commission of Inquiry into the Actions of Canadian Officials in Relation to Maher Arar.

text: Two officers were found guilty of perjury and sentenced to jail for their actions in the 2007 Robert Dziekański Taser incident in Vancouver.

text: In 2007, the RCMP was named Newsmaker of the Year by The Canadian Press.[20]

text: On June 3, 2013, the RCMP renamed its 'A' Division to National Division and tasked it with handling corruption cases "at home and abroad".[21]

text: Notable cases[edit]

text:
The American stagecoach robber Bill Miner was captured by the RCMP in 1906.[22]
Albert Johnson, known as the Mad Trapper of Rat River, was killed in a shoot-out with the RCMP in 1932.[22]
RCMP officers in Saskatchewan arrested the perpetrator of the Shell Lake murders in 1967.
Anarchist militants known as the Squamish Five were arrested by the RCMP in 1983.
The suspected driver of the reconnaissance vehicle involved in the 1996 Khobar Towers bombing fled to Canada where he was arrested by the RCMP in the winter of 1997 and was extradited to the United States.
Four RCMP officers were fatally shot during an operation in Alberta in March 2005: the Mayerthorpe tragedy was the single worst multiple killing of RCMP officers since the killing of 3 officers in Kamloops British Columbia by a mentally ill assailant. Prior to that the Force had not felt such a loss since the North-West Rebellion.[23]
In July 2007, two RCMP officers were shot dead in the Spiritwood Incident near Mildred, Saskatchewan.
Three RCMP officers were murdered during the 2014 Moncton shootings in New Brunswick.[24]
The perpetrator of the 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa was shot and killed at the scene by the RCMP.

text: History of the RCMP uniform[edit]

text: The RCMP are famous for their distinctive dress uniform, or "Review Order," popularly known as the "Red Serge." It has a high collared scarlet tunic, midnight blue breeches with yellow leg stripe, Sam Browne belt with white sidearm lanyard, oxblood riding boots (possibly with spurs), brown felt campaign hat (wide, flat brimmed) with the characteristic "Montana crease", and brown gloves (with brown leather gauntlets for riders). Members wear the Review Order during the Musical Ride, an equestrian drill in which mounted members show their riding skills and handling of the cavalry lance. On normal duties, the RCMP uses standard police methods, equipment, and uniforms. The RCMP uses horses for ceremonial operations such as escorting the Governor General's open landau to the Opening of Parliament.

text: Tunic[edit]

text: The Red Serge tunic that identified the NWMP and later the RNWMP and RCMP, is the standard British military pattern (based on the civilian Norfolk jacket[25]). Originally kitted from militia stores, the NWMP later adopted a standard style that emphasized the force's British heritage and differentiated it from the blue American military uniforms. In 1904, dark blue shoulder straps and collars replaced the uniform's scarlet facings[26] when King Edward VII granted the Force "Royal" status for its service in the Second Boer War. Today, RCMP personnel under the rank of inspector wear blue "gorget" patches on the collar, while officers from inspector to commissioner wear solid blue collars and blue pointed-sleeve cuffs.

text: Members once wore a white haversack on top of this jacket and white gauntlets,[25] which contrasted with the red tunic. The modern dress uniform replaces these easily-dirtied items with brown leather riding gloves and carrying pouches on the belt.

text: Hat[edit]

text: Although the NWMP contingent at Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee wore the flat-brimmed Stetson, the RCMP did not adopt it until about 1904. The original primary summer headdress was the white British foreign service helmet, also known as a pith helmet. This was an impractical choice for the Canadian west, and RCMP members wore a Stetson type hat on patrol and around camp. Sam Steele is often credited with introducing the Stetson-type hat, and when he left the force to command Lord Strathcona's Horse in South Africa, his unit adopted the Stetson. During winter, members wore a Canadian military fur wedge cap or busby. In British Columbia, the hat features a black bearskin rim belt.

text: Breeches[edit]

text: The NWMP wore buff or steel grey breeches[25] until they adopted dark blue breeches with yellow-gold strapping (stripes). Members often exchanged kit with U.S. cavalry units, and while some believe this was the source for the breeches, the NWMP considered adopting blue breeches with a white strap. Dark blue with yellow-gold strapping is a British cavalry tradition, and most cavalry (later armoured) regiments' dress uniforms feature yellow stripes.

text: Boots[edit]

text: Black riding boots changed to the modern brown style called "Strathcona Boots" or informally as "high browns" (See link to Lord Strathcona's Horse) and the original crossbelts changed to the brown Sam Browne type. The brown colour of the boots and belt the RCMP wear with the Red Serge are from members who applied coats of polish, often during training at Depot Division.

text: Spurs[edit]

text: The RCMP's original spurs, known as "long shank spurs," were solid nickel. Their owners occasionally had their regimental number engraved on the inside, and some replaced the rowel with a US buffalo nickel[citation needed] to complement the Mounted Police capbadge and avoid using a Canadian coin that would deface the monarch. The RCMP last issued long shank spurs in 1968.

text: Sidearms are standard now, but were often not worn in the early years.[citation needed]

text: Everyday uniform[edit]

text: The everyday uniform is a grey shirt with dark blue tie, dark blue trousers with gold strapping, regular patrol boots called "ankle boots," regular duty equipment, and a regular policeman's style cap. Members on operational duty wear a blue Gore-Tex open-collar jacket (patrol jacket), while sergeants major and certain non-commissioned officers (NCOs) involved in recruit training or media relations wear a dark blue jacket (blue serge). Depending on their duties, officers wear white shirts and the patrol jacket or blue serge. During the summer, officers wear a tie with a short-sleeved shirt, and other members wear short-sleeved shirts. Winter dress is a long-sleeved shirt without tie for all members except officers, who wear a tie with the long-sleeved shirt. In colder weather, members may wear heavier boots, winter coats (storm coats) and a fur cap.

text: In 1990, Baltej Singh Dhillon became the RCMP's first Sikh officer to be allowed to wear a turban instead of the traditional Stetson.[27] On March 15, the federal government, despite protests, decided they would allow Sikhs to wear their religious headgear while on duty as RCMP officers, as had been the practice for Sikh members of Canadian Forces for decades.

text: Despite ongoing pressure from groups such as the Association for the Protection of Fur-Bearing Animals,[28] the RCMP uses muskrat fur in their winter dress uniform. The RCMP originally decided not to use fur, but the government overruled them.

text: Decorations[edit]

text: The RCMP awards its Royal Canadian Mounted Police Long Service Medal to members who have completed 20 years' service. A clasp is awarded for each successive 5 years to 40 years. Members also receive a Service Badge star for each five years' service, which is worn on the left sleeve. There are specialist insignia for positions such as first aid instructor and dog handler, and pilot's wings are worn by aviators. Sharpshooter badges for proficiency in pistol or rifle shooting are each awarded in two grades.[29]

text: Women in the RCMP[edit]

text: On May 23, 1974, RCMP Commissioner Maurice Nadon announced that the RCMP would accept applications from women as regular members of the force. Troop 17 was the first group of 32 females at Depot in Regina on September 18 and 19, 1974 for regular training. This first all-female troop graduated from Depot on March 3, 1975.

text: After initially wearing different unflattering uniforms, women officers were finally issued the standard RCMP uniforms. Now all officers are identically attired, with two exceptions. The ceremonial dress uniform, or "walking-out order", for female members has a long, blue skirt and higher-heeled slip-on pumps plus small black clutch purse (however, in 2012 the RCMP began to allow women to wear trousers and boots with all their formal uniforms.[30]) The second exception is the official maternity uniform for pregnant female officers assigned to administrative duties.

text: The following years saw the first women attain certain positions.

text:
1981: corporal, musical ride
1987: foreign post
1990: detachment commander
1992: commissioned officer
1998: Assistant Commissioner
2000: Deputy Commissioner

text: Beverley Busson is the only woman to have held the top position in the force. She served as the interim Commissioner from December 15, 2006, to July 6, 2007.[31][32]

text: Military status[edit]

text:
Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Gendarmerie royale du Canada

Guidon of the RCMP

Active
1873–present

Country
Canada

Type
Dragoons

Size
15 divisions

Garrison/HQ
RHQ—Ottawa

Nickname(s)
The Mounties

Motto(s)
Maintiens le droit (Defending the law)[2][33]

Battle honours
see Battle honours

Commanders

Current
commander
Dan Dubeau (Acting Commissioner)

Commissioner-in-Chief
HM The Queen

Honorary Commissioner
HRH The Prince of Wales[34]

Honorary Deputy Commissioner
HRH The Earl of Wessex[35]

Insignia

Tartan
RCMP

Abbreviation
RCMP/GRC

text: Although the RCMP is a civilian police force, in 1921, following the service of many of its members during the First World War, King George V awarded the force the status of a regiment of dragoons, entitling it to display the battle honours it had been awarded.

text: Service in wartime[edit]

text: During the Second Boer War, members of the North-West Mounted Police were given leaves of absence to join the 2nd Battalion, Canadian Mounted Rifles (CMR) and Strathcona's Horse. The force raised the Canadian Mounted Rifles, mostly from NWMP members, for service in South Africa. For the CMR's distinguished service there, King Edward VII honoured the NWMP by changing the name to the Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNWMP) on June 24, 1904.

text: During the First World War, the Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNWMP) conducted border patrols, surveillance of enemy aliens, and enforcement of national security regulations within Canada. However, RNWMP officers also served overseas. On August 6, 1914, a squadron of volunteers from the RNWMP was formed to serve with the Canadian Light Horse in France. In 1918, two more squadrons were raised, A Squadron for service in France and Flanders and B Squadron for service in the Canadian Siberian Expeditionary Force

text: In September 1939, at the outset of the Second World War, the Canadian Army had no military police. Five days after war was declared the Royal Canadian Mounted Police received permission to form a Provost Company of Force volunteers. It was designated No. 1 Provost Company (RCMP), and became the Canadian Provost Corps. Six months after war was declared its members were overseas in Europe and served throughout the Second World War as military police.

text: Honours[edit]

text: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police were accorded the status of a regiment of Dragoons in 1921. As a cavalry regiment, the RCMP was entitled to wear battle honours for its war service as well as carry a guidon, with its first guidon presented in 1935.[36][37] The RCMP mounted the King's Life Guard at Horse Guards Parade in 1937 leading up to the coronation of King George VI. The RCMP mounted the Queen's Life Guard in May 2012 during celebrations of Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee.[38]

text: Battle honours

text:
North West Canada 1885
South Africa 1900–02
The Great War: France and Flanders 1918, Siberia 1918–19
The Second World War: Europe, 1939–45

text: Honorary distinction:

text: The badge of the Canadian Provost Corps (Military Police), presented September 21, 1957, at a Parliament Hill ceremony for contributions to the Corps during the Second World War

text: Legacy[edit]

text: In 1975, the RCMP dedicated a memorial beside the Fred Light Museum in Battleford, Saskatchewan, consisting of a cemetery with gate, cairn and list of honour plaque to the members of the North-West Mounted Police (1873–1904) and the RCMP.[39]

text: Organization[edit]

text: International[edit]

text: The RCMP International Operations Branch assists the Liaison Officer (LO) Program to deter international crime relating to Canadian criminal laws. The IOB is a section of the International Policing, which is part of the RCMP Federal and International Operations Directorate. Thirty-seven Liaison Officers are placed in 23 other countries and are responsible for organizing Canadian investigations in other countries, developing and maintaining the exchange of criminal intelligence, especially national security with other countries, to provide assistance in investigations that directly affect Canada, to coordinate and assist RCMP officers on foreign business and to represent the RCMP at international meetings.[40] Liaison Officers are located in:

text:
Africa & Middle East:

 Rabat, Morocco
 Pretoria, South Africa
 Amman, Jordan
 Dubai, U.A.E.

Asia-Pacific:

 New Delhi, India
 Islamabad, Pakistan
 Bangkok, Thailand
 Hong Kong SAR
 Beijing, China
 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
 Colombo, Sri Lanka

Europe:

 London, United Kingdom
 Paris, France
 Berlin, Germany
 The Hague, Netherlands
 Rome, Italy

The Americas:

 Kingston, Jamaica
 Mexico City, Mexico
 Bogota, Colombia
 Caracas, Venezuela
 Brasilia, Brazil
 Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
 Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
 United States:

 Miami, Florida
 New York, New York
 Seattle, Washington
 Washington, D.C.

text: The RCMP was a member agency in the Afghan Threat Finance Cell, and RCMP officers were embedded with military units in Afghanistan.[41]

text: National[edit]

text: The RCMP is organized under the authority of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Act. In accordance with the Act, it is headed by the Commissioner, who, under the direction of the Minister of Public Safety, has the control and management of the Force and all matters connected therewith. The RCMP is provided with a senior executive committee (SEC) which[42]

text:
“
is the senior decision making forum established by the Commissioner for the development and approval of strategic, force-wide policies, pursuant to and consistent with the Commissioner's authority under section 5 of the RCMP Act. The role of [the] SEC is to develop, promote and communicate strategic priorities, strategic objectives, management strategies and performance management for the purpose of direction and accountability.
”

text: The Commissioner is assisted by Deputy Commissioners in charge of:[43]

text:
Federal and International Policing
Police Support Services
Contract and Aboriginal Policing
Human Resources
East

Ontario ("O" Division)
National Division (Formerly "A" Division)
National Headquarters
Quebec ("C" Division)
New Brunswick ("J" Division)
Nova Scotia ("H" Division)
Prince Edward Island ("L" Division)
Newfoundland and Labrador ("B" Division)

West

British Columbia ("E" Division)
Alberta ("K" Division)
Saskatchewan ("F" Division)
Manitoba ("D" Division)
Yukon ("M" Division)
Northwest Territories ("G" Division)
Nunavut ("V" Division)

text: Divisions[edit]

text: The RCMP divides the country into divisions for command purposes. In general, each division is coterminous with a province (for example, C Division is Quebec). The province of Ontario, however, is divided into two divisions: National Division (Ottawa) and O Division (rest of the province). There is one additional division –  Depot Division, which is the RCMP Academy at Regina, Saskatchewan, and the Police Dog Service Training Centre[44] at Innisfail, Alberta. The RCMP headquarters are located in Ottawa, Ontario.

text:
National Division (formerly A Division): National Capital Region (Ottawa, Ontario, and Gatineau, Quebec)[45]
B Division: Newfoundland and Labrador[46]
C Division: Quebec[47]
D Division: Manitoba[47]
E Division: British Columbia[48]
F Division: Saskatchewan[49]
G Division: Northwest Territories[50]
H Division: Nova Scotia[51]
J Division: New Brunswick[52]
K Division: Alberta[53]
L Division: Prince Edward Island[54]
M Division: Yukon[55]
O Division: Ontario[56]
V Division: Nunavut[57]
Depot Division at Regina and the Police Dog Service Training Centre[44] at Innisfail.

text: Detachments[edit]

text: The RCMP formerly had many single-officer detachments in small, isolated rural communities,[58][59] but in 2012 the RCMP announced that it would be closing these detachments as it moves to have all detachments with a minimum of three Mounties.[59]

text: The largest single RCMP detachment is in the City of Surrey in British Columbia, with over a thousand employees. Surrey has contracted with the RCMP for policing services since 1951.[60] The second-largest RCMP detachment is in Burnaby, also in British Columbia.[61]

text: Personal Protection Group[edit]

text: The Personal Protection Group or PPG is a 180-member group responsible for security details for VIPs, the prime minister, and the governor general.[62] It was created after the 1995 incident at 24 Sussex Drive.[63]

text: Units under the PPG consists of:

text:
Prime Minister Protective Detail provides bodyguards to protect the Prime Minister of Canada in Canada and abroad. This unit is based in Ottawa with operations at 24 Sussex Drive and Harrington Lake near Chelsea, Quebec.
Governor General’s Protection Detail provides bodyguards to protect the Governor General of Canada in Canada and abroad. This unit is based in Ottawa with operations at Rideau Hall.
Very Important Persons Security Section (VIPSS) provides security details to VIP (including the Chief Justice of Canada, federal ministers, and diplomats) and others under the direction of the Minister of Public Safety.

text: Personnel[edit]

text: As of September 1, 2015[update], the RCMP employed 28,461 men and women, including police officers, civilian members, and Public Service Employees.[6]

text: Actual personnel strength by ranks:

text:
Commissioner 1
Deputy commissioner 7
Assistant commissioner 26
Chief superintendent 58
Superintendent 179
Inspector 345
Corps sergeant major 1
Sergeants major 1
Staff sergeants major 13
Staff sergeants 812
Sergeants 1,923
Corporals 3,377
Constables 11,491
Special constables 55
Civilian members 3,838
Public servants 6,331
Total 28,461

text: Regular members[edit]

text: The term regular member, or RM, originates from the RCMP Act and refers to the 18,988 regular RCMP officers who are trained and sworn as peace officers, and include all the ranks from constable to commissioner. They are the police officers of the RCMP and are responsible for investigating crime and have the authority to make arrests. RMs operate in over 750 detachments, including 200 municipalities and more than 600 Aboriginal communities. RMs are normally assigned to general policing duties at an RCMP detachment for a minimum of three years. These duties allow them to experience a broad range of assignments and experiences, such as responding to alarms, foot patrol, bicycle patrol, traffic enforcement, collecting evidence at crime scenes, testifying in court, apprehending criminals and plain clothes duties. Regular members also serve in over 150 different types of operational and administrative opportunities available within the RCMP, these include: major crime investigations, emergency response, forensic identification, forensic collision reconstruction, international peacekeeping, bike or marine patrol, explosives disposal and police dog services. Also included are administrative roles including human resources, corporate planning, policy analysis and public affairs.

text: Auxiliary constables and other staff[edit]

text: Besides the regular RCMP officers, several types of designations exist which give them assorted powers and responsibilities over policing issues.

text: Currently, there are:

text:
Community Constables: not reported
Reserve Constables : Approximately 100 in British Columbia[64]
Auxiliary Constables: 2,400+[65]
Community Safety Officers: 16
Aboriginal Community Constables: 7[66]
Special Constables: 78[6]
Civilian Members: 3,760[6]
Public servants: 6,194[6]

text: Civilian members represent approximately 14% of the total RCMP employee population, and are employed within RCMP establishments in most geographical areas of Canada. The following is a list of the most common categories of employment that may be available to interested and qualified individuals.

text:
Operations

Telecommunications Operator (Dispatcher)[81]

Scientific

Toxicology
Chemistry
Biology – DNA
Law

Technical

Forensic Identification Services
Instrument Technology
Document Examination
Counterfeit Analysis
Firearms Technology
Electronics Technology
Information Technology
Communications
Computer Systems Development
Telecommunications
Information Services/Public Affairs

Administrative

Policy Development and Analysis
Staff Development and Training
Human Resource Management
Translation
Police Records Information Management Environment (PRIME-BC)

text: Abbreviated as "ME" they are found in RCMP detachments where a contract exists with a municipality to provide front-line policing. MEs are not actually employees of the RCMP, but are instead employed by the local municipality to work in the RCMP detachment. They conduct the same duties that a PSE would and are required to meet the same reliability and security clearance to do so. Many detachment buildings house a combination of municipal and provincially funded detachments, and therefore there are often PSEs and MEs found working together in them.

text: Ranks[edit]

text: The rank system of the RCMP is partly a result of their origin as a paramilitary force. Upon its founding, the RCMP adopted the rank insignia of the Canadian Army (which in turn came from the British Army), which is almost identical to that of the current Canadian Army. Like in a military, the RCMP also has a distinction between commissioned and non-commissioned officers. The non-commissioned ranks are mostly based off military ranks (apart from constable). Non-commissioned officer ranks above staff sergeant resemble those that formerly existed in the Canadian Army, but have since been replaced by warrant officers.[82]

text: The commissioned officer ranks, by contrast, use a set of non-military titles that are often used in Commonwealth police services. The number of higher ranks has increased since the formation of the force. The rank of inspector, which was initially a subaltern, is now a field officer level, while several lower officer ranks have been dropped.

text: The numbers are current as of September 1, 2015:[6]

text:
COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Commissioner
Deputy Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner
Chief Superintendent
Superintendent
Inspector

Commissaire
Sous-commissaire
Commissaire adjoint
Surintendant principal
Surintendant
Inspecteur

1
7
26
58
179
348

text:
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS

Corps Sergeant Major
Sergeant Major
Staff Sergeant Major
Staff Sergeant
Sergeant
Corporal
Constable

Sergent-major du corps
Sergent-major
Sergent-major d'état major
Sergent d'état-major
Sergent
Caporal
Gendarme

1
1
13
812
1,923
3,377
11,491

No Insignia

text: The ranks of inspector and higher are commissioned ranks and are appointed by the Governor-in-Council. Depending on the dress, badges are worn on the shoulder as slip-ons, on shoulder boards, or directly on the epaulettes. The lower ranks are non-commissioned officers and the insignia continues to be based on British army patterns. Since 1990, the non-commissioned officers' rank insignia has been embroidered on the epaulette slip-ons. Non-commissioned rank badges are worn on the right sleeve of the scarlet/blue tunic and blue jacket. The constables wear no rank insignia. There are also Special Constables, Reserve Constables, Auxiliary Constables, and Students who wear identifying insignia.

text: The Bath star represents the military Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath.

text: Equipment and vehicles[edit]

text: Land fleet[edit]

text: RCMP Land Transport Fleet Inventory includes:[83]

text:
Cars: 5,330
Unmarked vehicles: 2,811
Light Trucks: 2,090
Heavy Trucks: 123
SUVs: 616
Motorcycles: 34
Small snowmobiles: 481
All-terrain vehicles: 181
Gas railway car: 1
Tractors: 27
Buses: 3
Total: 11,697

text: Marine craft[edit]

text: The RCMP polices Canadian Internal Waters, including the territorial sea and contiguous zone as well as the Great Lakes and Saint Lawrence Seaway; such operations are provided by the RCMP's Federal Services Directorate and includes enforcing Canada's environment, fisheries, customs and immigration laws. In provinces and municipalities where the RCMP performs contract policing, the force polices freshwater lakes and rivers.

text: To meet these challenges, the RCMP operates the Marine Division, with five Robert Allan Ltd.–designed high-speed catamaran patrol vessels; Inkster and the Commissioner-class Nadon, Higgitt, Lindsay and Simmonds, based on all three coasts and manned by officers specially trained in maritime enforcement. Inkster is based in Prince Rupert, BC, Simmonds is stationed on Newfoundland's south coast, and the rest are on the Pacific Coast.[84] Simmonds sports the RCMP badge, but is otherwise painted with Canadian Coast Guard colours and the marking Coast Guard Police. The other four vessels are painted with blue and white RCMP colours.

text: The RCMP operates 377 smaller boats, defined as vessels less than 9.2 m (30 ft) long, at locations across Canada. This category ranges from canoes and car toppers to rigid-hulled inflatables and stable, commercially built, inboard/outboard vessels. Individual detachments often have smaller high-speed rigid-hulled inflatable boats and other purpose-built vessels for inland waters, some of which can be hauled by road to the nearest launching point.[84]

text:
RCMP Ship Fleet

Ship Name
Type
Class
Base
Specifications
Propulsion
Top Speed
Builder
Year Commissioned
Crew

Inkster
Patrol vessel
n/a
Prince Rupert, BC
19.75 m (64.8 ft)
fast patrol aluminum catamaran

25 kn (46 km/h; 29 mph)+
Allied Shipbuilders Limited of North Vancouver, BC
1996
4

Nadon
Patrol vessel
Commissioner Class PV (Raven Class)
Nanaimo, BC
17.7 m (58 ft)
fast patrol catamaran
2 × 820 hp (610 kW) D2840 LE401 V-10 MAN Diesel engines
36 kn (67 km/h; 41 mph)
Robert Allan Ltd.
1991
4

Higgitt
Patrol vessel
Commissioner Class PV
Campbell River, BC
17.7 m (58 ft)
fast patrol catamaran
2 × 820 hp (610 kW) D2840 LE401 V-10 MAN Diesel engines
36 kn (67 km/h; 41 mph)
Robert Allan Ltd.
1992
4

Lindsay
Patrol vessel
Commissioner Class PV
Patricia Bay, Victoria, BC
17.7 m (58 ft)
fast patrol catamaran
2 × 820 hp (610 kW) D2840 LE401 V-10 MAN Diesel engines
36 kn (67 km/h; 41 mph)
Robert Allan Ltd.
1993
4

Simmonds
Patrol vessel
Commissioner Class PV
South coast Newfoundland
17.7 m (58 ft)
fast patrol catamaran
2 × 820 hp (610 kW) D2840 LE401 V-10 MAN Diesel engines
36 kn (67 km/h; 41 mph)
Robert Allan Ltd.
1995
4

text: Aircraft fleet[edit]

text: As of June 2017 the RCMP had 35 aircraft (9 helicopters and 26 fixed-wing aircraft) registered with Transport Canada (TC).[8] All aircraft are operated and maintained by the Air Services Branch. Only the Twin Otter is a twin-engine aircraft, all the others, including the helicopters, are single engine.

text:
RCMP Fleet

Aircraft
Number[8]
Variants
Notes

Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil
7
AS 350B3
Helicopter, AStar 350 or "Squirrel"

Cessna 206
5
U206G, T206H
Fixed wing, Stationair (Station wagon of the Air), general aviation aircraft

Cessna 208 Caravan
3
208, 208B
Fixed wing, Caravan, short-haul regional airliner and utility aircraft

de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
1
300 Series
Fixed wing, 20-passenger STOL feederliner and utility aircraft

Eurocopter EC120 Colibri
2
EC 120B
Light helicopter, "Hummingbird"

Pilatus PC-12
16
PC-12/45, PC-12/47, PC-12/47E
Fixed wing, turboprop passenger and cargo aircraft

Quest Kodiak
1
100
Fixed wing, un-pressurized, turboprop-powered fixed-tricycle-gear, STOL

text: Weapons and intervention options[edit]

text:
Smith & Wesson Model 5946
Smith & Wesson model 3953
Heckler & Koch MP5
Remington Model 700 .308 centrefire rifle
Winchester Model 70 .308 rifle. (This rifle is being phased out and replaced by the Remington 700)
Remington 870 12-gauge shotgun
SIG Sauer 220R - .45 ACP / SIG Sauer 226R - 9×19mm
Colt Canada C7 rifle
Colt Canada C8 carbine
Taser International M26, X26, & X26P
Oleoresin capsicum spray
ASP and Monadnock expandable defensive batons

text: Past weapons and intervention options[edit]

text:
Fabrique Nationale (FN) C1A1 variant of the L1A1 and FN FAL produced under licence by Canadian Arsenals Limited (CAL) (Long Branch).
Lee–Enfield No. 4 Mk1
Winchester Model 1876 saddle carbine—issued in .45-75 Winchester, and used from 1878 until 1914.[85]
Enfield Mark II revolver—issued in .476 Enfield, about 1080 Mark IIs obtained from Britain's Ministry of Defence, after it was learned the Beaumont–Adams had been discontinued.[86]
Beaumont–Adams revolver—first issue weapon, in .450 Adams. 330 Mark Is purchased from Britain's Ministry of Defence; later, 330 Mark IIs added.[87]
Webley & Scott Bull Dog revolver[88]
Colt New Service revolver—700 ordered in .455 Webley, with .45 Long Colt versions being delivered from 1919; in all, over 3200 issued.[89]
Smith & Wesson Model 10 revolver—issued with 5 in (130 mm) barrel, in .38 Special. It served more than forty years. Halfway through its service, the loading was changed to a .38 Special +P. (The loading was a 158 gr (0.36 oz; 10.2 g) hollowpoint, a violation of the Hague Convention if used in a military context.[89])
Smith & Wesson Model 3 revolver
Snider–Enfield
Tranter revolver
1822 and 1853 pattern light cavalry swords
Straightstick baton manufactured in wood and plastic
Sap gloves

text: Ceremonial weapons and symbols of office[edit]

text:
1912 pattern cavalry officer's sword carried by officers. Blade is acid etched both sides with the monarch's crown, Canadian coat of Arms, royal cypher and RCMP badge.
1908 pattern cavalry sword carried by NCOs on the Musical Ride
Bamboo lance
Drill cane
Swagger stick
Commissioner's tipstaff

text: In 1973, Wilkinson Sword produced a number of commemorative swords to celebrate the RCMP centennial. None of these swords were ever used ceremonially, and were strictly collectibles. Wilkinson Sword also made a commemorative centennial tomahawk and miniature "letter opener" models of their centennial swords. In 1973, Winchester Repeating Arms Company produced an RCMP commemorative centennial version of their Model 94 rifle in .30-30 Winchester, with a 22 in (560 mm) round barrel. The receiver, buttplate, and forend cap (on the musket-style forend) were plated in gold. Commemorative medallions were embedded in the right-hand side of the stock, with an "MP" engraving. There was engraving on the barrel and receiver indicating the rifle was a centennial commemorative edition. Sights were open notch rear, with a flip-up rear ladder, graduated to 2,000 yd (1,800 m). Two versions were produced, 9500 with serial numbers beginning "RCMP" for commercial sale, 5000 with the prefix "MP" sold only to serving RCMP members. In addition, ten presentation models were produced, serialled RCMP1P to RCMP10P. (The production of this commemorative is ironic, since the Winchester 94 was never used by the force.)[90])

text: Popular awareness of the RCMP[edit]

text: The Mounties have been immortalized as symbols of Canadian culture in numerous Hollywood Northwestern movies and television series, which often feature the image of the Mountie as square-jawed, stoic, and polite, yet with a steely determination and physical toughness that sometimes appears superhuman. Coupled with the adage that the Mountie "always gets his man," the image projects them as fearsome, incorruptible, dogged yet gentle champions of the law. The RCMP's motto is actually Maintiens le droit, French for "Defending the Law".[1][2] The Hollywood motto derives from a comment by a Montana newspaper, the Fort Benton Record: "They fetch their man every time".[91]

text: Early depictions[edit]

text: In 1912, Ralph Connor's Corporal Cameron of the North-West Mounted Police: A Tale of the MacLeod Trail appeared, becoming an international best-selling novel. Mounties fiction became a popular genre in both pulp magazines and book form. Among the best-selling authors who specialized in tales of the Mounted Police were James Oliver Curwood, Laurie York Erskine, James B Hendryx, T Lund, Harwood Steele (the son of Sam Steele), and William Byron Mowery.

text: In other media, a famous example is the radio and television series, Sergeant Preston of the Yukon. Dudley Do-Right (of The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show) is a 1960s example of the comic aspect of the Mountie myth, as is Klondike Kat, from Total Television. The Broadway musical and Hollywood movie Rose-Marie is a 1930s example of its romantic side. A successful combination were a series of Renfrew of the Royal Mounted boy's adventure novels written by Laurie York Erskine beginning in 1922 running to 1941. In the 1930s Erskine narrated a Sgt Renfrew of the Mounties radio show and a series of films with actor-singer James Newill playing Renfrew were released between 1937 and 1940. In 1953 portions of the films were mixed with new sequences of Newill for a Renfrew of the Mounted television series.

text: A former Mounted Police corporal (1919–1923), Bruce Carruthers, served as an unofficial technical advisor to Hollywood in many films with RCMP characters.[92]

text: Modern culture[edit]

text: In 1959, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation aired R.C.M.P., a half-hour dramatic series about an R.C.M.P. detachment keeping the peace and fighting crime. Filmed in black and white, in and around Ottawa by Crawley Films, the series was co-produced with the BBC and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation and ran for 39 episodes. It was noted for its pairing of Québécois and Anglo officers.

text: Canadians also poke fun at the RCMP with Sergeant Renfrew and his faithful dog Cuddles in various sketches produced by the Royal Canadian Air Farce comedy troupe. On That '70s Show Mounties were played by SCTV alumni Joe Flaherty and Dave Thomas. The British have also exploited the myth: the BBC television series Monty Python's Flying Circus featured a group of Mounties singing the chorus in The Lumberjack Song in the lumberjack sketch.

text: The 1972–90 CBC series The Beachcombers featured a character named Constable John Constable who attempted to enforce the law in the town of Gibsons, British Columbia.

text: In comic books, the Marvel Comics characters of Alpha Flight were described on several occasions as "RCMP auxiliaries," and two of their members, Snowbird and the second Major Mapleleaf were depicted as serving members of the force. In the latter case, due to trademark issues, Major Mapleleaf was described as a "Royal Canadian Mountie" in the opening roll call pages of each issue of Alpha Flight he appeared in.

text: Charles Bronson and Lee Marvin starred in the 1981 movie Death Hunt that fictionalized the RCMP pursuit of Albert Johnson.

text: In the early 1990s, Canadian professional wrestler Jacques Rougeau utilized the gimmick of "The Mountie" while wrestling for the WWF. He typically wore the Red Serge to the ring, and carried a shock stick as an illegal weapon. As his character was portrayed as an evil Mountie, the RCMP ultimately won an injunction preventing Rougeau from wrestling as this character in Canada, though he was not prevented from doing so outside the country. He briefly held the Intercontinental Championship in 1992.

text: The 1998 swan song of Nick Berry's time on UK drama Heartbeat featured his character, Sergeant Nick Rowan, transferring to Canada and taking the rank of constable in the Mounties. The special telemovie was titled Heartbeat: Changing Places.

text: The 1994–98 TV series Due South paired a Mountie (and his deaf half-wolf) with a streetwise American detective cleaning up the streets of Chicago, mainly deriving its entertainment from the perceived differences in attitude between these two countries' police forces.

text: A pair of Mounties staffed the RCMP detachment in the fictional town of Lynx River, Northwest Territories, in the CBC series North of 60. The series, which aired from 1992 to 1998, was about events in the mostly native community, but the Mounties featured prominently in each episode.

text: Another TV series from the 1990s, Bordertown featured a NWMP corporal paired with a U.S. marshal securing law and order on a frontier U.S.-Canada border town. In the ABC TV mini-series Answered by Fire, at least three mounties are featured. Mounties also appears in the TV series When Calls the Heart (Hallmark Channel)

text: The 1987 Brian De Palma film The Untouchables featured cooperation between the Treasury Department task force, led by Eliot Ness, and the Mounties against liquor smuggling across the Canada–United States border.

text: The 1995 album C'est Cheese by Canadian musical comedy group The Arrogant Worms includes "The Mountie Song", which tells the story of a dissatisfied Mountie.

text: In his 1999, album Soiree Newfoundland musician A. Frank Willis included "Savage Cop in Savage Cove" which was based on a true story & went on to become a big hit.[93]

text: From 2011, the CTV fantasy drama series "The Listener" began to regularly feature characters who worked for the Integrated Investigative Bureau, a fictional division of the R.C.M.P. that brought together various specialists, officers and civilian consultants to work on high profile or federal cases. Although characters in the employ of the IIB were rarely, if ever, depicted wearing uniform, they were often addressed by their ranks - two main characters were Sergeant Michelle McClusky and Corporal Dev Clark.

text: Mountie merchandise[edit]

text: There are products and merchandise that are made in the image of the RCMP, like Mounties statues or hats. Before 1995, the RCMP had little control over these products.

text: The RCMP Heritage Centre is a multi-million dollar museum designed by Arthur Erickson that opened May 2007 in Regina, Saskatchewan at the RCMP Academy, Depot Division. It replaced the old RCMP museum and is designed to celebrate the role of the force in Canada's history.

text: Trademark[edit]

text: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police received an international licence on April 1, 1995, requiring those who use the RCMP to pay a licensing fee. Proceeds from the fees is used for community awareness programmes.[94] Those that do not pay the licensing fee are legally unable to use the name of the RCMP or their correct uniforms, though a film such as Canadian Bacon used the name "Royal Mounted Canadian Police" (RMCP) and the character in the Dudley Do-Right film did not wear accurate insignia.

text: Through a Master Licensing Agreement (MLA) with the RCMP, the RCMP Foundation is responsible for managing the commercial use of the RCMP name, image, and protected marks.[95] The Foundation issues selected companies a royalty-based agreement allowing them to produce and market high quality official RCMP merchandise. Walt Disney Co. (Canada) Ltd. was contracted to aid in the initial set up of the Licensing Program[96] but contrary to popular belief, Disney never owned or controlled any of the RCMP's protected marks.

text: Following the expiration of the Disney contract in 2000, all responsibilities and activities were taken over by the then Executive Director and his staff, reporting to the Foundation President and Board of Directors. In 2007, through a decree signed by Commissioner Beverley Busson, the operating name was changed to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police Foundation.

text: Controversies and criticism[edit]

text: American historian Andrew Graybill has argued that the Mounted Police closely resemble the Texas Rangers in many ways. He argues that each protected the established order by confining and removing Indians, by tightly controlling the mixed blood peoples (the African Americans in Texas and the Métis in Canada), assisted the large-scale ranchers against the small-scale ranchers and farmers who fenced the land, and broke the power of labour unions that tried to organize the workers of industrial corporations.[97]

text: The RCMP have been involved in training and logistically supporting the Haitian National Police since 1994, a controversial matter in Canada considering allegations of widespread human rights violations on the part of the HNP. Some Canadian activist groups have called for an end to the RCMP training.[98] The RCMP has also provided training overseas in Iraq and other peace-keeping missions.

text: In October 2016, the RCMP issued an apology for harassment, discrimination, and sexual abuse of female officers and civilian members. Additionally they set aside a $100 million fund to compensate these victims. Over 20,000 current and past female employees that were employed after 1974 are eligible.[99]

text: Fallen officers and civilian members[edit]

text: As of December 12, 2017,[100][101] the RCMP has 240 fallen officers, and one fallen civilian employee, for a total of 241 fallen members.

text: Note: Murdered is used in this table to express the cause of death of an officer at the hands of another individual, through unknown methods.

text:
Rank and Name
Date
Cause of Death

Sub Constable John Nash
March 11, 1876
Accidental

Sub Constable George Mahoney
June 19, 1877
Drowning

Constable Marmaduke Graburn
November 17, 1879
Murdered

Constable Claudius S. Hooley
July 24, 1880
Drowning

Constable George Hamilton Johnston
May 23, 1882
Accidental gunshot

Constable Adam Wahl
May 25, 1882
Drowning

Constable Thomas James Gibson
March 26, 1885
Murdered/Killed in action at Battle of Duck Lake

Constable George Knox Garrett
March 27, 1885
Murdered/Killed in action at Battle of Duck Lake

Constable George Pearce Arnold
March 27, 1885
Murdered/Killed in action at Battle of Duck Lake

Constable David Latimer Cowan
April 15, 1885
Murdered

Corporal Ralph Bateman Sleigh
May 2, 1885
Killed in action at Battle of Cut Knife

Constable Patrick Burke
May 3, 1885
Killed in action at Battle of Cut Knife

Corporal William Hay Talbot Lowry
May 3, 1885
Killed in action at Battle of Cut Knife

Constable Frank Orlando Elliot
May 14, 1885
Murdered

Constable Alfred Perry
June 8, 1889
Drowning

Sergeant Albert Ernest Garland Montgomery
August 10, 1890
Injuries from being thrown off his horse

Constable George Quiqueran Rene Saveuse DeBeaujeu
September 8, 1890
Drowning

Corporal Harry Oliver Morphy
September 9, 1890
Drowning

Constable William Tyrrell Reading
December 14, 1890
Injuries from being crushed by a falling horse

Constable James Herron
March 2, 1891
Blizzard

Sergeant Colin Campbell Colebrook
October 29, 1895
Murdered

Constable Oscar Alexander Kern
April 27, 1896
Drowning

Sergeant William Brock Wilde
November 10, 1896
Murdered

Constable John Randolph Kerr
May 28, 1897
Murdered

Corporal Charles Horne Sterling Hockin
May 29, 1897
Murdered

Constable Norman Malcolm Campbell
December 26, 1901
Drowning

Constable Spencer Gilbert Heathcote
December 26, 1901
Drowning

Special Constable Stick Sam
July 29, 1903
Drowning

Staff Sergeant Arthur F.M. Brooke
September 26, 1903
Drowning

Constable Joseph Russell
July 5, 1905
Drowning

Constable Thomas Robert Jackson
June 8, 1906
Drowning

Corporal Alexander Gardner Haddock
June 14, 1906
Drowning

Assistant Surgeon Walter Stafford Flood
November 29, 1906
Exposure

Constable George Ernest Willmett
April 12, 1908
Murdered

Sergeant Ralph Morton L. Donaldson
April 14, 1908
Drowning

Special Constable Samuel Carter
February 14, 1911
Starvation. exposure, and exhaustion

Inspector Francis Joseph Fitzgerald
February 14, 1911
Starvation, exposure, and exhaustion

Constable George Frances Kinney
February 14, 1911
Starvation, exposure, and exhaustion

Constable Richard O'Hara Taylor
February 14, 1911
Starvation, exposure, and exhaustion

Constable Francis Walter Davies
June 3, 1912
Murdered

Corporal Maxwell George Bailey
April 23, 1913
Murdered

Constable Michael James Fitzgerald
August 27, 1913
Drowning

Constable Alexander Lamont
February 16, 1918
Typhoid fever

Staff Sergeant George Henry Leopold Bossange
June 21, 1919
Lightning

Corporal Ernest Usher
August 7, 1920
Murdered

Sergeant Arthur George Searle
May 15, 1921
Drowning

Corporal William Andrew Doak
April 1, 1922
Gunfire

Constable Ian M. Macdonald
August 28, 1924
Drowning

Constable Leo Francis Cox
June 28, 1925
Drowning

Constable Frederick Rhodes
December 6, 1926
Injuries sustained in a fire

Sergeant Richard Henry Nicholson
December 31, 1928
Murdered

Constable Donald Ross Macdonell
April 19, 1931
Drowning

Special Constable Norman Massan
April 19, 1931
Drowning

Constable Edgar Millen
January 30, 1932
Murdered

Constable Peter Seddon Oliver
February 10, 1932
Killed in action

Corporal Leonard Victor Ralls
July 5, 1932
Murdered

Corporal John Lorne Halliday
October 14, 1932
Accidental self-inflicted wound

Inspector Lorne James Sampson
May 8, 1933
Injuries from falling off his horse

Corporal Michael Moriarty
April 26, 1935
Murdered

Constable John George Shaw
October 5, 1935
Murdered

Constable George Campbell Harrison
October 8, 1935
Murdered

Sergeant Thomas Seller Wallace
October 8, 1935
Murdered

Constable Daniel Miller
October 14, 1935
Injuries sustained in an automobile accident

Constable George Edward Horan
March 10, 1937
Automobile accident

Constable William George Boorman
May 26, 1937
Accidental gunfire

Constable Willis Edward Rhodeniser
August 26, 1939
Gunfire

Constable Norman Alfred Gleadow
October 11, 1939
Murdered

Sergeant Arthur Julian Barker
March 16, 1940
Gunfire

Constable Frederick Gordon Frank Counsell
May 22, 1940
Gunfire

Constable Harry G. Rapeer
May 23, 1940
Accidental

Engineer Third Class Daniel Everett Gillis
March 26, 1941
Exposure caused by a ship fire

Constable Charles James Johnstone
May 1, 1941
Lost at sea after an enemy U-boat attack

Special Constable Henry Clare Jarvis
July 15, 1941
Drowning

Sergeant Louis Romeo Dubuc
September 27, 1941
Killed in action

Special Constable Joseph Henry Kent
November 5, 1941
Injuries from being struck by a vehicle

Constable Charles Floyd Patterson
November 25, 1941
Accidental

First Officer Patrick Reginald Fairburn Milthorpe
February 10, 1942
Shipwrecking

Constable Albert Joseph Chartrand
February 13, 1942
Heart attack

Master John Willard Bonner
September 11, 1942
Shipwrecking

Corporal Laurance Percival Ryder
January 20, 1943
Pneumonia after a cerebral haemorrhage, possibly caused by injuries sustained on duty

Constable James Harvard Delamere Bedlington
April 30, 1943
Motorcycle accident

Surgeon Maurice Powers, B.A., M.D., C.M.
October 20, 1943
Aircraft accident

Constable Terence Graham Newcomen Watts
December 28, 1943
Shellfire

Constable Edison Alexander Cameron
December 28, 1943
Killed in action

Constable David Charles Gardner Moon
December 28, 1943
Shellfire wounds

Constable Gordon Evan Bondurant
January 8, 1944
Wounds from bomb fragments

Constable Kenneth Laurence d'Albena
May 15, 1944
Destruction of his Jeep by a Teller mine

Constable John Francis Joseph Nelson
May 22, 1944
Killed in action

Constable Donald Gilbert Stackhouse
May 31, 1944
His motorcycle hitting a Teller mine

Constable Wilfred James Cobble
December 4, 1946
Struck by a vehicle

Second Class Constable James Boyd Henderson
August 7, 1948
Drowning

Constable Carl Frizzle Wilson
September 9, 1948
Struck by a vehicle

Constable Alexander Gamman
May 26, 1950
Murdered

Constable Herschel Taylor Wood
July 16, 1950
Injuries sustained in an automobile accident

Constable Stephen Kasper
May 11, 1953
Aircraft accident

Constable Joseph Kasimir Sander
July 9, 1954
Drowning

Constable Ronald Charles Bloomfield
July 9, 1954
Drowning

Special Constable Andrew Ooyoumut
July 21, 1954
Drowning

Constable Douglas Earl Fergusen
September 17, 1954
Carbon monoxide poisoning

Constable Roy Eldon Laird
August 26, 1955
Automobile accident

Constable Charles William Reay
October 6, 1955
Drowning

Inspector David James McCombe
December 12, 1955
Exposure

Constable William Lawrence Melsom
February 8, 1956
Automobile accident

Second Class Constable Henry Charles Arlington Chandler
June 15, 1956
Injuries sustained in an automobile accident

Constable John Roland Cobley
January 5, 1957
Struck by a vehicle

Corporal Herbert Milton Smart
June 7, 1958
Drowning

Second Class Constable Maurice Melnychuk
June 7, 1958
Drowning

Second Class Constable Glen Frederick Farough
June 7, 1958
Drowning

Second Class Constable David Melvyn Perry
June 7, 1958
Drowning

Second Class Constable George Herbert Edward Ransom
June 7, 1958
Drowning

Constable Cart Lennart Sundell
July 14, 1958
Accidental gunfire

Staff Sergeant Stanley Samuel Rothwell
August 6, 1958
Aircraft accident

Constable Richard William Green
August 6, 1958
Aircraft accident

Special Constable Joseph Edouard Raymond Cormier
August 6, 1958
Aircraft accident

Third Class Constable John Terence Hoey
November 7, 1958
Gunfire

Constable Colin Eric Lelliot
January 12, 1960
Gunfire

Constable Ronald Arthur Elkstrom
April 12, 1961
Non-collision automobile accident

Constable Wayne Sinclair
September 16, 1961
Severe internal injuries received in a non-collision automobile accident

Constable Joseph Thor Thompson
December 18, 1961
Injuries sustained in an aircraft-vehicle collision

Constable Elwood Joseph Keck
June 18, 1962
Gunfire

Constable Donald George Weisgerber
June 18, 1962
Gunfire

Constable Gordon Eric Petersen
June 18, 1962
Gunfire

Constable Archille Octave Maxime Lepine
July 19, 1962
Automobile accident

Constable James Walter Forman
April 24, 1963
Injuries sustained by being struck by a vehicle

Sergeant Kenneth Morley Laughland
July 13, 1963
Aircraft accident

Corporal Robert William Asbil
July 13, 1963
Aircraft accident

Constable Proctor Laurence Anthony Malcolm
July 13, 1963
Aircraft accident

Constable William John David Annand
July 13, 1963
Aircraft accident

Constable Joseph Pierre Francois Dubois
January 3, 1964
Automobile accident

Corporal Ervin Jack Giesbrecht
June 20, 1964
Drowning

Constable Robert Weston Amey
December 17, 1964
Gunfire

Third Class Constable Reginald Wayne Williams
December 19, 1964
Drowning

Constable David Brian Robinson
February 2, 1965
Accidental gunshot

Constable Neil McArthur Bruce
April 14, 1965
Pneumonia from complications caused by a gunshot wound

Constable Thomas Percy Carroll
February 11, 1966
Aircraft accident

Third Class Constable Philip John Francis Tidman
April 20, 1966
Automobile accident

Constable Gordon Donald Pearson
November 22, 1966
Gunshot wound

Third Class Constable Terry Eugene Tomfohr
June 3, 1967
Accidental

Corporal Donald Archibald Harvey
June 23, 1967
Gunshot wound

Third Class Constable Robert William Varney
August 17, 1967
Automobile accident

Corporal George Ronald Hawkins
June 6, 1968
Encephalitis

Second Class Constable James Alexander Kerr
December 11, 1968
Automobile accident

Corporal Terry Gerrard Williams
June 8, 1969
Drowning

Constable William Joseph Green
October 4, 1970
Injuries sustained in an automobile accident

Sergeant Robert James Schrader
October 9, 1970
Gunfire

Constable Douglas Bernard Anson
October 9, 1970
Gunfire

Sergeant James Aldridge O'Malley
October 28, 1970
Drowning

Constable Derek Thomas Ivany
June 25, 1971
Automobile accident

Constable Harold Stanley Siegel
September 26, 1971
Gunfire

Constable Michael Robert Mason
November 26, 1971
Drowning

Constable Roger Emile Pierlet
March 29, 1974
Gunfire

Constable Joseph Michel Benoit Létourneau
April 2, 1974
Automobile accident

Constable Joseph Henri Clément Tremblay
April 2, 1974
Automobile accident

Constable John Terrance Draginda
September 29, 1974
Automobile accident

Constable John Brian Baldwinson
October 28, 1975
Automobile accident

Constable Dennis Modest Nicklos Shwaykowski
April 6, 1977
Thrown off a moving vehicle

Corporal Barry Warren Lidstone
January 6, 1978
Gunfire

Constable Joseph Perry Brophy
January 6, 1978
Gunfire

Constable Dennis Anthony Onofrey
January 23, 1978
Gunfire

Constable William Iraneus Seward
February 15, 1978
Automobile accident

Constable Thomas Brian King
April 25, 1978
Gunfire

Special Constable George David Foster
September 4, 1978
Aircraft accident

Constable Lindberg Bruce Davis
January 8, 1979
Car-train collision

Constable Mark Percy McLachlan
February 2, 1979
Automobile accident

Constable Joseph Léon Michel Doucet
August 18, 1979
Aircraft accident

Constable Gordon Alfred Brooks
November 12, 1979
Drowning

Special Constable Ningeoseak Etidloi
November 12, 1979
Drowning

Constable Roy John William Karwaski
May 24, 1980
Internal injuries sustained in an automobile accident

Auxiliary Constable Dennis Lenard Fraser
June 4, 1980
Automobile accident

Constable Richard John Sedgwick
August 16, 1980
Injuries sustained in an Automobile accident

Constable Thomas James Agar
September 19, 1980
Gunfire

Corporal Ole Roust Larsen
August 11, 1981
Gunfire

Constable James Franklin Thomas
August 31, 1981
Automobile accident

Constable Barry Flynn McKinnon
December 16, 1981
Automobile accident

Constable Douglas Mark Ambrose Butler
October 16, 1982
Automobile accident

Constable Richard Allan Bourgoin
August 31, 1983
Murdered

Special Constable Wayne Graham Myers
December 14, 1983
Aircraft accident

Corporal Francis Eugene Jones
December 14, 1983
Aircraft accident

Constable Allen Garry Giesbrecht
January 13, 1985
Gunfire

Constable Michael Joseph Buday
March 19, 1985
Gunfire

Constable Joseph Eddy Mario Tessier
December 27, 1985
Gunfire

Special Constable Wayne Philip Boskill
January 8, 1986
Aircraft accident

Special Constable James Frederick Wilson
January 8, 1986
Aircraft accident

Special Constable Robert William Cochrane Thomas
March 6, 1986
Gunfire

Corporal Budd Maurice Johanson
April 4, 1986
Automobile accident

Auxiliary Constable Frederick Allan Abel
April 4, 1986
Automobile accident

Constable Scott Gordon Berry
June 29, 1986
Electrocution

Special Constable Gordon Zigmund Kowalczyk
January 26, 1987
Murdered

Corporal Derek John Flanagan
February 20, 1989
Injuries sustained while on special duty in Thailand

Constable Della Sonya Beyak
March 15, 1989
Automobile accident

Special Constable Nancy Puttkemery
December 9, 1989
Aircraft accident

Special Constable Norman Timms, C.D.
December 9, 1989
Aircraft accident

Constable Gerald Vernon Maurice Breese
October 24, 1990
Motorcycle accident

Constable Brian John Hutchinson
August 16, 1991
Aneurysm, directly related to injuries sustained from a blow to the head suffered on duty

Constable Christopher Colin Riglar
September 28, 1991
Injuries sustained by being struck by a vehicle

Auxiliary Constable Joseph Ernest (Sam) Balmer
August 29, 1992
Automobile accident

Constable Norman Harry Atkins
July 8, 1995
Automobile accident

Constable Joseph Ernest André Claude Gagné
September 6, 1995
Automobile accident

Constable Derek Cameron Burkholder
June 14, 1996
Gunfire

Constable Joseph Luc François (Frank) Carrière
November 30, 1997
Scuba diving accident

Corporal Graeme Charles Cumming
August 12, 1998
Automobile accident resulting in an automobile fire

Constable Joseph Ernest Jean-Guy Daniel Bourdon
May 7, 1999
Automobile accident

Sergeant Edwin Michael Mobley
August 15, 2000
Aircraft accident

Special Constable Timothy James Nicholson
August 15, 2000
Aircraft accident

Constable Jurgen Siegfried Seewald
March 5, 2001
Gunfire

Constable Peter Magdic
November 18, 2001
Automobile accident

Constable Dennis Douglas Strongquill
December 21, 2001
Gunfire

Constable Christine Elizabeth Diotte
March 12, 2002
Struck by a vehicle

Constable Wael Toufic Audi
March 29, 2002
Automobile accident

Constable Jimmy Ng
September 15, 2002
Automobile accident

Constable Joseph Léo Ghislain Maurice
June 10, 2003
Automobile accident

Corporal James Wilbert Gregson Galloway
February 28, 2004
Gunfire

Auxiliary Constable Glen Gregory Evely
November 13, 2004
Automobile accident

Constable Anthony Fitzgerald Orion Gordon
March 3, 2005
Gunfire

Constable Lionide (Leo) Nicholas Johnston
March 3, 2005
Gunfire

Constable Brock Warren Myrol
March 3, 2005
Gunfire

Constable Peter Christopher Schiemann
March 3, 2005
Gunfire

Constable Joseph Martial Maurice Jean Minguy
June 3, 2005
Drowning

Constable José Manuel Agostinho
July 4, 2005
Internal injuries sustained in an automobile accident

Constable Robin Lynelle Cameron
July 15, 2006
Gunfire

Constable Marc Joseph Denis Boudrages
July 16, 2006
Gunshot wounds

Constable Christopher John Worden
October 6, 2007
Gunshot wounds

Constable Douglas Allen Scott
November 7, 2007
Gunshot wound

Constable James Lloyd Lundblad
May 5, 2009
Automobile accident

Constable Chelsey Alice Robinson
June 21, 2010
Automobile accident

Sergeant Mark Charles Gallagher
January 12, 2010
2010 Haiti earthquake

Chief Superintendent Douglas Edward Coates
January 16, 2010
2010 Haiti earthquake

Constable Michael Bernard Potvin
July 30, 2010
Drowning

Civilian Member David John Brolin
January 17, 2012
Aircraft accident

Constable Derek Henry William Pineo
July 20, 2012
Automobile accident

Constable Adrian Johann Oliver
November 13, 2012
Automobile accident

Constable Fabrice Georges Gevaudan
June 4, 2014
Gunfire

Constable Douglas James Larche
June 4, 2014
Gunfire

Constable David Joseph Ross
June 4, 2014
Gunfire

Constable David Matthew Wynn
January 21, 2015
Gunshot wound

Constable Sarah Anne Beckett
April 5, 2016
Automobile accident caused by another officer's pursuit of an impaired driver.

Constable Richer Dubuc
March 6, 2017
Injuries sustained in an automobile accident

Constable Austin MacDougall
July 22, 2017
Struck by an automobile while cycling.

Corporal Trevor O'Keefe
September 11, 2017
Suicide

Constable Francis Deschenes
September 12, 2017
Struck by a vehicle in an automobile accident


document_title: Arjan Singh

question_text: who fly past on 15 august 1947 on red fort

root

text: Arjan Singh

text: Early and personal life[edit]

text: Singh was born on 15 Apr 1919 in Lyallpur, Punjab (now known as Faisalabad, Pakistan), in what was then British India, into a Sikh family [3] The British had built a network of canals across the Punjab in the latter half of the 19th century and early 20th century, and had encouraged farmers to settle there and cultivate the land. Arjan Singh's family had been among those which had settled there after being allotted agricultural land by the administration. They had also joined the armed forces, in keeping with community traditions, and Arjan Singh was the fourth generation of his family to join the British Indian armed forces.[4]

tag: p

text: His father was a Lance Daffadar in the Hodson's Horse at the time of his birth, and retired as a full Risaldar in the Cavalry, serving for a time as ADC to a Division Commander.[5] Arjan Singh's grandfather Risaldar Major Hukam Singh served in the Guides Cavalry between 1883 and 1917,[5] and his great-grandfather, Naib Risaldar Sultana Singh, was among the first two generations of the Guides Cavalry enlisted in 1854; he was martyred during the Afghan campaign of 1879.[4] Thus, after three generations of men serving in the lower and middle ranks of the army, Arjan Singh was to become the first member of his family to become a commissioned officer.

text: In 1948, Singh was married to Teji Singh, a lady of his own community and similar family background, in a match arranged by their families in the usual Indian manner. They were married for 63 years before her death in April 2011. The couple had a daughter, Asha, and a son, Arvind, who lives in the U.S. state of Arizona.[6] A niece is actress Mandira Bedi; Teji Singh was her maternal aunt.[7]

text: Early military career[edit]

text: Singh was educated at Montgomery, British India (now in Pakistan) and later entered the RAF College Cranwell in 1938 and was commissioned as a pilot officer in December 1939. In 1943, he was promoted to acting squadron leader and became the commander of No. 1 Squadron.[4]

text: Singh led No. 1 Squadron, Indian Air Force into combat during the Arakan Campaign in 1944.[8] He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC) in June 1944:[9]

text: Acting Squadron Leader Arjan Singh (IND/1577), Indian Air Force, No. 1 (I. A. F) Squadron

text: This officer has completed very (sic) many operational missions involving flights over difficult country, often in bad weather. He has displayed outstanding leadership, great skill and courage, qualities which have been reflected in the high morale and efficiency of the squadron which has won much success.

text: Singh almost faced a court-martial in February 1945 when he tried to raise the morale of a trainee pilot (later rumored to be the future Air Chief Marshal Dilbagh Singh) by conducting a low level air pass over a house in Kerala.[8] In his defence, he insisted that such tricks were needed for every cadet to be a fighter pilot.[8] Later that year, he commanded the Indian Air Force Exhibition Flight.[10] As part of the celebrations for Independence Day on 15 August 1947, Singh, by then a wing commander and acting group captain, led the first fly-past of RIAF aircraft over the Red Fort in Delhi.[11]

text: Commands held[edit]

text: Singh was Chief of the Air Staff (CAS), from 1 August 1964 to 15 July 1969, and was awarded the Padma Vibhushan in 1965.[12] When appointed as Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force, he was just about 45.[13] He has been the only Chief of the Air Staff to have headed the Air Force for five years as opposed to the regular tenure of two and a half to three years.[10]

text: Singh also became the first Chief of the Air Staff of the Indian Air Force to be upgraded to the rank of Air Chief Marshal from the rank of Air Marshal in recognition of his Air Force’s contribution in the 1965 war.[13] He took retirement from his services in 1970 at the age of 50.[10]

text: Diplomatic and political career[edit]

text: In 1971, after his retirement, Singh was appointed as the Indian Ambassador to Switzerland and Vatican serving concurrently.[14] He was also appointed as the High Commissioner to Kenya from 1974 to 1977. Subsequently, he served as a member of the National Commission for Minorities and The Government of India from 1975 to 1981.[14] He was the Lt. Governor of Delhi from December 1989 to December 1990 and was made Marshal of the Air Force in January, 2002.[15]

text: Later life and death[edit]

text: Singh's health declined in his final years, and he frequently made references to growing old and the passing away of many of his friends.[6] In July 2015, then aged 96 and wheelchair bound due to a temporary indisposition, he was among the many dignitaries to lay a wreath at the base of the coffin carrying the mortal remains of former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam at Palam Airport.[16] He paid his last respects to President Kalam at Palam Airport on 28 July.[16] He remained active even at 98, continuing to take tea and to play golf twice a week at the Delhi Golf Club.[7][6]

text: Singh suffered a massive cardiac arrest at his New Delhi residence in the early morning of 16 September 2017 and was rushed to the Army Hospital, Research and Referral, in New Delhi, where his condition was stated to be critical.[17] He died at 7:47 p.m. (IST) that evening.[13] After his passing, his body was returned to his home at 7A Kautilya Marg in New Delhi, where numerous visitors and dignitaries offered their respects, including President Ram Nath Kovind, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Defence Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and the three service chiefs of the Indian Armed Forces.[18] Accorded a state funeral by the Indian government, he was cremated at Brar Square in New Delhi on 18 September with full military honours, including a military flypast by IAF fighter jets and helicopters.[19]

text: IAF career highlights[edit]

text:
Year
Event
Rank

1938
Entered RAF College Cranwell as a Flight Cadet

23 December 1939
Commissioned in Royal Air Force as a Pilot Officer

9 May 1941
Flying Officer

15 May 1942
Flight Lieutenant

1943
(Acting) Squadron Leader

2 June 1944
Awarded Distinguished Flying Cross

1947
Wing Commander, Royal Indian Air Force, Air Force Station, Ambala

1948
Group Captain, Director, Training, Air Headquarters

1949
(Acting) Air Commodore, Indian Air Force AOC, Operational Command

2 January 1955
Air Commodore, AOC Western Air Command, Delhi

June 1960
Air Vice Marshal

1961
Air Vice Marshal, Air Officer in Charge of Administration, Air HQ

1962
Deputy Chief of Air Staff

1963
Vice Chief of the Air Staff (India)

1 August 1964
Chief of Air Staff (India) (Air Marshal)

26 January 1966
Chief of Air Staff rank upgraded to that of an Air Chief Marshal; appointed Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee

16 January 1970
Retired from Indian Air Force

26 January 2002
Marshal of the Indian Air Force

tag: table

text: Sources: [20][21][10]

tag: ul

text: Awards and decorations[edit]

text:
Padma Vibhushan

General Service Medal 1947

Samar Seva Star

Raksha Medal

Sainya Seva Medal

Indian Independence Medal

Distinguished Flying Cross

1939–1945 Star

Burma Star

War Medal 1939–1945

India Service Medal

text: Sources: [21][10][22][23]

text: Air Force Station Arjan Singh[edit]

text: On 14 April 2016 at an event to mark the Marshal's 97th birthday, the then Chief of Air Staff Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha announced that Indian Air Force base at Panagarh in West Bengal will be named after MIAF Arjan Singh in honor of his service, and will be called Air Force Station Arjan Singh from then.[23][22][24]


document_title: Nice for What

question_text: what song is on drakes nice for what

question_tokens: what song is on drakes nice for what

text: Nice for What

text: Background[edit]

text: On March 14, 2018, Lauryn Hill's son Joshua Omaru Marley posted a snippet of the song on Snapchat.[3] Drake later confirmed an upcoming Murda Beatz-produced single during an Instagram Live session.[4] On April 5, Drake made a surprise appearance during a Majid Jordan concert in Toronto.[5][6][7] "The reason I'm here tonight is because I'm back in the city finishing my album," he told the audience. "I've got a new single dropping tomorrow night, too, just in case you got some free time."[8][9][10][11]

text: Composition[edit]

text: Musically, "Nice for What" is an upbeat[12] hip hop and bounce song that contains elements of early 2000s R&B,[13][14][15][16] with a length of three minutes thirty seconds.[17] It samples Lauryn Hill's song "Ex-Factor" (1998), "Drag Rap" by the Showboys (1986), "Get Your Roll On" by Big Tymers (2000), and also features clips from performances by Big Freedia.[18][19][20] Lyrically, the hook of Drake's song samples Lauryn Hill singing about "cutting loose in the midst of a relationship".[21]

text: Music video[edit]

text: Directed by Karena Evans, the accompanying music video focuses on women carrying out various activities, including swimming, dancing, modeling and riding horses.[22] It features guest appearances from, in order of appearance,[23] Olivia Wilde, Misty Copeland, Issa Rae, Rashida Jones, Jourdan Dunn, Tracee Ellis Ross, Tiffany Haddish, Yara Shahidi, Zoe Saldana, Elizabeth and Victoria Lejonhjärta, Letitia Wright, Bria Vinaite, Emma Roberts, Syd, Michelle Rodriguez and Drake himself.[24][25][26][27] Evans called it an honour to work on the video, writing on Instagram that it was "a privilege and a blessing to have told this story with every single one of you revolutionary women, both in front and behind the camera".[28]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: "Nice for What" received positive reviews from music critics, with many praising its promotion of female empowerment.[29][30] Hugh McIntyre of Forbes regarded the "perfectly-pitched" song as "another perfect delivery from the biggest artist in hip-hop", writing that the "vocal sample helps the track stand out from much of the rest of his discography".[22] Kevin Lozano of Pitchfork awarded the song "Best New Track", praising Drake for "smoothly handling the impeccable production from Murda Beatz", and lauding the song as "a fantastic piece of hip-hop machinery" and "one of Drake's most complete releases in some time".[13]

text: Chris DeVille of Stereogum deemed the song "a big, brash, almost obnoxiously loud New Orleans bounce-inspired production", describing it as "extremely poppy and sounds like a bid for continued commercial dominance".[31]

text: Commercial performance[edit]

text: In the United States, Drake became the first artist to have a new number-one debut replace his former number-one debut ("God's Plan") at the top of the Hot 100. It debuted with 88,000 downloads sold and 60.4 million streams. "Nice for What" became the 30th song in Billboard history to enter at number one. It also became Drake's fifth US number-one song overall and third as a lead artist.[1] The song also became the first song to debut on the Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop chart in the top 10. [32] "Nice for What" topped the Hot 100 for four consecutive weeks before it was dethroned on May 14, 2018 by Childish Gambino's "This Is America".[33][34][35] It then returned for a fifth non-consecutive week at the number one spot on the issue date June 2, 2018.[36] On the issue dated July 14, 2018, "Nice for What" became the first song to reach number one in four nonconsecutive runs.[37]

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Credits adapted from Tidal and Qobuz.[17][38]

text:
Murda Beatz – production
Blaqnmild – co-production
Noah "40" Shebib – additional production
Corey Litwin – additional production
5thward Weebie – additional vocals
Big Freedia – additional vocals
Karena Evans – video director

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2018)

Peak position

Australia (ARIA)[39]

1

Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[40]

6

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[41]

20

Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[42]

6

Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[43]

1

Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[44]

23

Denmark (Tracklisten)[45]

3

Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[46]

13

France (SNEP)[47]

28

Germany (Official German Charts)[48]

9

Greece (IFPI)[49]

3

Hungary (Single Top 40)[50]

29

Hungary (Stream Top 40)[51]

11

Ireland (IRMA)[52]

2

Italy (FIMI)[53]

53

Netherlands (Single Top 100)[54]

6

New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[55]

1

Norway (VG-lista)[56]

5

Portugal (AFP)[57]

7

Scotland (Official Charts Company)[58]

10

Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[59]

13

Spain (PROMUSICAE)[60]

62

Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[61]

4

Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[62]

7

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[2]

1

UK R&B (Official Charts Company)[63]

1

US Billboard Hot 100[64]

1

US Dance Club Songs (Billboard)[65]

30

US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[66]

1

US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[67]

11

US Rhythmic (Billboard)[68]

1

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region

Certification
Certified units/Sales

Australia (ARIA)[69]

Platinum

70,000^

Canada (Music Canada)[70]

4× Platinum

320,000^

Denmark (IFPI Denmark)[71]

Gold

45,000^

New Zealand (RMNZ)[72]

Platinum

30,000*

United Kingdom (BPI)[73]

Platinum

600,000

United States (RIAA)[74]

3× Platinum

3,000,000

*sales figures based on certification alone^shipments figures based on certification alonesales+streaming figures based on certification alone

text: Release history[edit]

text:
Region

Date

Format

Label

Ref.

Various

April 6, 2018

Digital download

Young MoneyCash Money

[17]

United States

April 10, 2018

Rhythmic contemporary radio

Young MoneyCash MoneyRepublic

[75]


document_title: Ain't Nobody Here but Us Chickens

question_text: who wrote ain't nobody here but us chickens

question_tokens: who wrote ai n 't nobody here but us chickens

text: Ain't Nobody Here but Us Chickens

text:
"Ain't Nobody Here but Us Chickens"
Single by Louis Jordan and His Tympany FiveB-side
"Let the Good Times Roll"Released
1946 (1946)Recorded
June 26, 1946[1]Genre
Jump bluesLength
3:02Label
DeccaSongwriter(s)
Joan Whitney Kramer, Alex Kramer

text: "Ain't Nobody Here but Us Chickens" is a jump blues song, written by Alex Kramer and Joan Whitney.[1] Louis Jordan and his Tympany Five recorded the song on June 26, 1946 and Decca Records released it on a 78 rpm record.[1]

text: The single debuted on Billboard magazine's Rhythm and Blues Records Chart on December 14, 1946.[2] It reached number one and remained at the top position for seventeen weeks, longer than any other Jordan single.[2]  It also reached number six on the broader Billboard Hot 100 singles chart.[2] The B-side, "Let the Good Times Roll," peaked at number two on the R&B chart.[2]

text: Jordan's hit song popularized the expression "Nobody here but us chickens", but the phrase is older.[3] Its first known appearance was a joke published as a reader-submitted anecdote in Everybody's Magazine in 1908 regarding a chicken thief, formulated as, "'Deed, sah, dey ain't nobody hyah 'ceptin' us chickens."[4]