document_title: List of Super Bowl champions

question_text: which nfl team has the most super bowl appearance

text: List of Super Bowl champions

text: Super Bowl Championship (1966–present)

text: Numbers in parentheses in the table are Super Bowl appearances as of the date of that Super Bowl and are used as follows:

text:
Winning team and losing team columns indicate the number of times that team has appeared in a Super Bowl as well as each respective teams' Super Bowl record to date.
Venue column indicates number of times that stadium has hosted a Super Bowl.
City column indicates number of times that metropolitan area has hosted a Super Bowl.

text:
National Football League (NFL, 1967–1970)
American Football League (AFL, 1967–1970)

NFL champion‡
(4, 2–2)
AFL champion^
(4, 2–2)

National Football Conference (NFC, 1971–present)
American Football Conference (AFC, 1971–present)

NFC champion*
(48, 25–23)
AFC champion†
(48, 23–25)

text:
Game
Date
Winning team
Score
Losing team
Venue
City
Attendance
Ref

01 !I
000000001967-01-15-0000January 15, 1967
Green Bay Packers 01 !Green Bay Packers‡
(1, 1–0)
3510 !35–10
Kansas City Chiefs 01 !Kansas City Chiefs^
(1, 0–1)
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum 01 !Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
Los Angeles, California 01 !Los Angeles, California[note 1]
061946 !61,946
[11]

02 !II
000000001968-01-14-0000January 14, 1968
Green Bay Packers 02 !Green Bay Packers‡
(2, 2–0)
3314 !33–14
Oakland Raiders 01 !Oakland Raiders^
(1, 0–1)
Miami Orange Bowl 01 !Miami Orange Bowl
Miami, Florida 01 !Miami, Florida[note 2]
075546 !75,546
[12]

03 !III
000000001969-01-12-0000January 12, 1969
New York Jets 01 !New York Jets^
(1, 1–0)
1607 !16–7
Indianapolis Colts 01 !Baltimore Colts‡
(1, 0–1)
Miami Orange Bowl 02 !Miami Orange Bowl (2)
Miami, Florida 02 !Miami, Florida (2)[note 2]
075389 !75,389
[13]

04 !IV
000000001970-01-11-0000January 11, 1970
Kansas City Chiefs 02 !Kansas City Chiefs^
(2, 1–1)
2307 !23–7
Minnesota Vikings 01 !Minnesota Vikings‡
(1, 0–1)
Tulane Stadium 01 !Tulane Stadium
New Orleans, Louisiana 01 !New Orleans, Louisiana
080562 !80,562
[14]

05 !V
000000001971-01-17-0000January 17, 1971
Indianapolis Colts 02 !Baltimore Colts†
(2, 1–1)
1613 !16–13
Dallas Cowboys 01 !Dallas Cowboys*
(1, 0–1)
Miami Orange Bowl 03 !Miami Orange Bowl (3)
Miami, Florida 03 !Miami, Florida (3)[note 2]
079204 !79,204
[15]

06 !VI
000000001972-01-16-0000January 16, 1972
Dallas Cowboys 02 !Dallas Cowboys*
(2, 1–1)
2403 !24–3
Miami Dolphins 01 !Miami Dolphins†
(1, 0–1)
Tulane Stadium 02 !Tulane Stadium (2)
New Orleans, Louisiana 02 !New Orleans, Louisiana (2)
081023 !81,023
[16]

07 !VII
000000001973-01-14-0000January 14, 1973
Miami Dolphins 02 !Miami Dolphins†
(2, 1–1)
1407 !14–7
Washington Redskins 01 !Washington Redskins*
(1, 0–1)
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum 02 !Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (2)
Los Angeles, California 02 !Los Angeles, California (2)[note 1]
090182 !90,182
[17]

08 !VIII
000000001974-01-13-0000January 13, 1974
Miami Dolphins 03 !Miami Dolphins†
(3, 2–1)
2407 !24–7
Minnesota Vikings 02 !Minnesota Vikings*
(2, 0–2)
Rice Stadium 01 !Rice Stadium
Houston, Texas 01 !Houston, Texas
071882 !71,882
[18]

09 !IX
000000001975-01-12-0000January 12, 1975
Pittsburgh Steelers 01 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(1, 1–0)
1606 !16–6
Minnesota Vikings 03 !Minnesota Vikings*
(3, 0–3)
Tulane Stadium 03 !Tulane Stadium (3)
New Orleans, Louisiana 03 !New Orleans, Louisiana (3)
080997 !80,997
[19]

10 !X
000000001976-01-18-0000January 18, 1976
Pittsburgh Steelers 02 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(2, 2–0)
2117 !21–17
Dallas Cowboys 03 !Dallas Cowboys*
(3, 1–2)
Miami Orange Bowl 04 !Miami Orange Bowl (4)
Miami, Florida 04 !Miami, Florida (4)[note 2]
080187 !80,187
[20]

11 !XI
000000001977-01-09-0000January 9, 1977
Oakland Raiders 02 !Oakland Raiders†
(2, 1–1)
3214 !32–14
Minnesota Vikings 04 !Minnesota Vikings*
(4, 0–4)
Rose Bowl 01 !Rose Bowl
Los Angeles, California 03 !Pasadena, California (3)[note 1]
103438 !103,438
[21]

12 !XII
000000001978-01-15-0000January 15, 1978
Dallas Cowboys 04 !Dallas Cowboys*
(4, 2–2)
2710 !27–10
Denver Broncos 01 !Denver Broncos†
(1, 0–1)
Louisiana Superdome 01 !Louisiana Superdome
New Orleans, Louisiana 04 !New Orleans, Louisiana (4)
076400 !76,400
[22]

13 !XIII
000000001979-01-21-0000January 21, 1979
Pittsburgh Steelers 03 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(3, 3–0)
3531 !35–31
Dallas Cowboys 05 !Dallas Cowboys*
(5, 2–3)
Miami Orange Bowl 05 !Miami Orange Bowl (5)
Miami, Florida 05 !Miami, Florida (5)[note 2]
079484 !79,484
[23]

14 !XIV
000000001980-01-20-0000January 20, 1980
Pittsburgh Steelers 04 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(4, 4–0)
3119 !31–19
Los Angeles Rams 01 !Los Angeles Rams*
(1, 0–1)
Rose Bowl 02 !Rose Bowl (2)
Los Angeles, California 04 !Pasadena, California (4)[note 1]
103985 !103,985
[24]

15 !XV
000000001981-01-25-0000January 25, 1981
Oakland Raiders 03 !Oakland Raiders†
(3, 2–1)
2710 !27–10
Philadelphia Eagles 01 !Philadelphia Eagles*
(1, 0–1)
Louisiana Superdome 02 !Louisiana Superdome (2)
New Orleans, Louisiana 05 !New Orleans, Louisiana (5)
076135 !76,135
[25]

16 !XVI
000000001982-01-24-0000January 24, 1982
San Francisco 49ers 01 !San Francisco 49ers*
(1, 1–0)
2621 !26–21
Cincinnati Bengals 01 !Cincinnati Bengals†
(1, 0–1)
Pontiac Silverdome 01 !Pontiac Silverdome
Detroit, Michigan 01 !Pontiac, Michigan[note 1]
081270 !81,270
[26]

17 !XVII
000000001983-01-30-0000January 30, 1983
Washington Redskins 02 !Washington Redskins*
(2, 1–1)
2717 !27–17
Miami Dolphins 04 !Miami Dolphins†
(4, 2–2)
Rose Bowl 03 !Rose Bowl (3)
Los Angeles, California 05 !Pasadena, California (5)[note 1]
103667 !103,667
[27]

18 !XVIII
000000001984-01-22-0000January 22, 1984
Oakland Raiders 04 !Los Angeles Raiders†
(4, 3–1)
3809 !38–9
Washington Redskins 03 !Washington Redskins*
(3, 1–2)
Tampa Stadium 01 !Tampa Stadium
Tampa, Florida 01 !Tampa, Florida
072920 !72,920
[28]

19 !XIX
000000001985-01-20-0000January 20, 1985
San Francisco 49ers 02 !San Francisco 49ers*
(2, 2–0)
3816 !38–16
Miami Dolphins 05 !Miami Dolphins†
(5, 2–3)
Stanford Stadium 01 !Stanford Stadium
San Francisco, California 01 !Stanford, California[note 1]
084059 !84,059
[29]

20 !XX
000000001986-01-26-0000January 26, 1986
Chicago Bears 01 !Chicago Bears*
(1, 1–0)
4610 !46–10
New England Patriots 01 !New England Patriots†
(1, 0–1)
Louisiana Superdome 03 !Louisiana Superdome (3)
New Orleans, Louisiana 06 !New Orleans, Louisiana (6)
073818 !73,818
[30]

21 !XXI
000000001987-01-25-0000January 25, 1987
New York Giants 01 !New York Giants*
(1, 1–0)
3920 !39–20
Denver Broncos 02 !Denver Broncos†
(2, 0–2)
Rose Bowl 04 !Rose Bowl (4)
Los Angeles, California 06 !Pasadena, California (6)[note 1]
101063 !101,063
[31]

22 !XXII
000000001988-01-31-0000January 31, 1988
Washington Redskins 04 !Washington Redskins*
(4, 2–2)
4210 !42–10
Denver Broncos 03 !Denver Broncos†
(3, 0–3)
Qualcomm Stadium 01 !San Diego–Jack Murphy Stadium[note 3]
San Diego, California 01 !San Diego, California
073302 !73,302
[32]

23 !XXIII
000000001989-01-22-0000January 22, 1989
San Francisco 49ers 03 !San Francisco 49ers*
(3, 3–0)
2016 !20–16
Cincinnati Bengals 02 !Cincinnati Bengals†
(2, 0–2)
Hard Rock Stadium 01 !Joe Robbie Stadium[note 3]
Miami, Florida 06 !Miami Gardens, Florida (6)[note 2]
075129 !75,129
[33]

24 !XXIV
000000001990-01-28-0000January 28, 1990
San Francisco 49ers 04 !San Francisco 49ers*
(4, 4–0)
5510 !55–10
Denver Broncos 04 !Denver Broncos†
(4, 0–4)
Louisiana Superdome 04 !Louisiana Superdome (4)
New Orleans, Louisiana 07 !New Orleans, Louisiana (7)
072919 !72,919
[34]

25 !XXV
000000001991-01-27-0000January 27, 1991
New York Giants 02 !New York Giants*
(2, 2–0)
2019 !20–19
Buffalo Bills 01 !Buffalo Bills†
(1, 0–1)
Tampa Stadium 02 !Tampa Stadium (2)
Tampa, Florida 02 !Tampa, Florida (2)
073813 !73,813
[35]

26 !XXVI
000000001992-01-26-0000January 26, 1992
Washington Redskins 05 !Washington Redskins*
(5, 3–2)
3724 !37–24
Buffalo Bills 02 !Buffalo Bills†
(2, 0–2)
Metrodome 01 !Metrodome
Minneapolis, Minnesota 01 !Minneapolis, Minnesota
063130 !63,130
[36]

27 !XXVII
000000001993-01-31-0000January 31, 1993
Dallas Cowboys 06 !Dallas Cowboys*
(6, 3–3)
5217 !52–17
Buffalo Bills 03 !Buffalo Bills†
(3, 0–3)
Rose Bowl 05 !Rose Bowl (5)
Los Angeles, California 07 !Pasadena, California (7)[note 1]
098374 !98,374
[37]

28 !XXVIII
000000001994-01-30-0000January 30, 1994
Dallas Cowboys 07 !Dallas Cowboys*
(7, 4–3)
3013 !30–13
Buffalo Bills 04 !Buffalo Bills†
(4, 0–4)
Georgia Dome 01 !Georgia Dome
Atlanta, Georgia 01 !Atlanta, Georgia
072817 !72,817
[38]

29 !XXIX
000000001995-01-29-0000January 29, 1995
San Francisco 49ers 05 !San Francisco 49ers*
(5, 5–0)
4926 !49–26
San Diego Chargers 01 !San Diego Chargers†
(1, 0–1)
Hard Rock Stadium 02 !Joe Robbie Stadium (2)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 07 !Miami Gardens, Florida (7)[note 2]
074107 !74,107
[39]

30 !XXX
000000001996-01-28-0000January 28, 1996
Dallas Cowboys 08 !Dallas Cowboys*
(8, 5–3)
2717 !27–17
Pittsburgh Steelers 05 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(5, 4–1)
Sun Devil Stadium 01 !Sun Devil Stadium
Phoenix, Arizona 01 !Tempe, Arizona[note 1]
076347 !76,347
[40]

31 !XXXI
000000001997-01-26-0000January 26, 1997
Green Bay Packers 03 !Green Bay Packers*
(3, 3–0)
3521 !35–21
New England Patriots 02 !New England Patriots†
(2, 0–2)
Louisiana Superdome 05 !Louisiana Superdome (5)
New Orleans, Louisiana 08 !New Orleans, Louisiana (8)
072301 !72,301
[41]

32 !XXXII
000000001998-01-25-0000January 25, 1998
Denver Broncos 05 !Denver Broncos†
(5, 1–4)
3124 !31–24
Green Bay Packers 04 !Green Bay Packers*
(4, 3–1)
Qualcomm Stadium 02 !Qualcomm Stadium (2)[note 3]
San Diego, California 02 !San Diego, California (2)
068912 !68,912
[42]

33 !XXXIII
000000001999-01-31-0000January 31, 1999
Denver Broncos 06 !Denver Broncos†
(6, 2–4)
3419 !34–19
Atlanta Falcons 01 !Atlanta Falcons*
(1, 0–1)
Hard Rock Stadium 03 !Pro Player Stadium (3)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 08 !Miami Gardens, Florida (8)[note 2]
074803 !74,803
[43]

34 !XXXIV
000000002000-01-30-0000January 30, 2000
Los Angeles Rams 02 !St. Louis Rams*
(2, 1–1)
2316 !23–16
Tennessee Titans 01 !Tennessee Titans†
(1, 0–1)
Georgia Dome 02 !Georgia Dome (2)
Atlanta, Georgia 02 !Atlanta, Georgia (2)
072625 !72,625
[44]

35 !XXXV
000000002001-01-28-0000January 28, 2001
Baltimore Ravens 01 !Baltimore Ravens†
(1, 1–0)
3407 !34–7
New York Giants 03 !New York Giants*
(3, 2–1)
Raymond James Stadium 01 !Raymond James Stadium
Tampa, Florida 03 !Tampa, Florida (3)
071921 !71,921
[45]

36 !XXXVI
000000002002-02-03-0000February 3, 2002
New England Patriots 03 !New England Patriots†
(3, 1–2)
2017 !20–17
Los Angeles Rams 03 !St. Louis Rams*
(3, 1–2)
Louisiana Superdome 06 !Louisiana Superdome (6)
New Orleans, Louisiana 09 !New Orleans, Louisiana (9)
072922 !72,922
[46]

37 !XXXVII
000000002003-01-26-0000January 26, 2003
Tampa Bay Buccaneers 01 !Tampa Bay Buccaneers*
(1, 1–0)
4821 !48–21
Oakland Raiders 05 !Oakland Raiders†
(5, 3–2)
Qualcomm Stadium 03 !Qualcomm Stadium (3)[note 3]
San Diego, California 03 !San Diego, California (3)
067603 !67,603
[47]

38 !XXXVIII
000000002004-02-01-0000February 1, 2004
New England Patriots 04 !New England Patriots†
(4, 2–2)
3229 !32–29
Carolina Panthers 01 !Carolina Panthers*
(1, 0–1)
NRG Stadium 01 !Reliant Stadium[note 3]
Houston, Texas 02 !Houston, Texas (2)
071525 !71,525
[48]

39 !XXXIX
000000002005-02-06-0000February 6, 2005
New England Patriots 05 !New England Patriots†
(5, 3–2)
2421 !24–21
Philadelphia Eagles 02 !Philadelphia Eagles*
(2, 0–2)
ALLTEL Stadium 01 !Alltel Stadium
Jacksonville, Florida 01 !Jacksonville, Florida
078125 !78,125
[49]

40 !XL
000000002006-02-05-0000February 5, 2006
Pittsburgh Steelers 06 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(6, 5–1)
2110 !21–10
Seattle Seahawks 01 !Seattle Seahawks*
(1, 0–1)
Ford Field 01 !Ford Field
Detroit, Michigan 02 !Detroit, Michigan (2)[note 1]
068206 !68,206
[50]

41 !XLI
000000002007-02-04-0000February 4, 2007
Indianapolis Colts 03 !Indianapolis Colts†
(3, 2–1)
2917 !29–17
Chicago Bears 02 !Chicago Bears*
(2, 1–1)
Hard Rock Stadium 04 !Dolphin Stadium (4)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 09 !Miami Gardens, Florida (9)[note 2]
074512 !74,512
[51]

42 !XLII
000000002008-02-03-0000February 3, 2008
New York Giants 04 !New York Giants*
(4, 3–1)
1714 !17–14
New England Patriots 06 !New England Patriots†
(6, 3–3)
University of Phoenix Stadium 01 !University of Phoenix Stadium
Phoenix, Arizona 02 !Glendale, Arizona (2)[note 1]
071101 !71,101
[52]

43 !XLIII
000000002009-02-01-0000February 1, 2009
Pittsburgh Steelers 07 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(7, 6–1)
2723 !27–23
Arizona Cardinals 01 !Arizona Cardinals*
(1, 0–1)
Raymond James Stadium 02 !Raymond James Stadium (2)
Tampa, Florida 04 !Tampa, Florida (4)
070774 !70,774
[53]

44 !XLIV
000000002010-02-07-0000February 7, 2010
New Orleans Saints 01 !New Orleans Saints*
(1, 1–0)
3117 !31–17
Indianapolis Colts 04 !Indianapolis Colts†
(4, 2–2)
Hard Rock Stadium 05 !Sun Life Stadium (5)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 10 !Miami Gardens, Florida (10)[note 2]
074059 !74,059
[54]

45 !XLV
000000002011-02-06-0000February 6, 2011
Green Bay Packers 05 !Green Bay Packers*
(5, 4–1)
3125 !31–25
Pittsburgh Steelers 08 !Pittsburgh Steelers†
(8, 6–2)
Cowboys Stadium 01 !Cowboys Stadium
Arlington, Texas 01 !Arlington, Texas
103219 !103,219
[55]

46 !XLVI
000000002012-02-05-0000February 5, 2012
New York Giants 05 !New York Giants*
(5, 4–1)
2117 !21–17
New England Patriots 07 !New England Patriots†
(7, 3–4)
Lucas Oil Stadium 01 !Lucas Oil Stadium
Indianapolis, Indiana 01 !Indianapolis, Indiana
068658 !68,658
[56][57]

47 !XLVII
000000002013-02-03-0000February 3, 2013
Baltimore Ravens 02 !Baltimore Ravens†
(2, 2–0)
3431 !34–31
San Francisco 49ers 06 !San Francisco 49ers*
(6, 5–1)
Louisiana Superdome 07 !Mercedes-Benz Superdome (7)
New Orleans, Louisiana 10 !New Orleans, Louisiana (10)
071024 !71,024
[56][58]

48 !XLVIII
000000002014-02-02-0000February 2, 2014
Seattle Seahawks 02 !Seattle Seahawks*
(2, 1–1)
4308 !43–8
Denver Broncos 07 !Denver Broncos†
(7, 2–5)
MetLife Stadium 01 !MetLife Stadium
East Rutherford, New Jersey 01 !East Rutherford, New Jersey
082529 !82,529
[59]

49 !XLIX
000000002015-02-01-0000February 1, 2015
New England Patriots 08 !New England Patriots†
(8, 4–4)
2824 !28–24
Seattle Seahawks 03 !Seattle Seahawks*
(3, 1–2)
University of Phoenix Stadium 02 !University of Phoenix Stadium (2)
Phoenix, Arizona 03 !Glendale, Arizona (3)[note 1]
070288 !70,288
[60][61]

50 !50 [note 4]
000000002016-02-07-0000February 7, 2016
Denver Broncos 08 !Denver Broncos†
(8, 3–5)
2410 !24–10
Carolina Panthers 02 !Carolina Panthers*
(2, 0–2)
Levi's Stadium 01 !Levi's Stadium
San Francisco, California 02 !Santa Clara, California (2)[note 1]
071088 !71,088
[61][62][63]

51 !LI
000000002017-02-05-0000February 5, 2017
New England Patriots 09 !New England Patriots†
(9, 5–4)
3428 !34–28 (OT)
Atlanta Falcons 02 !Atlanta Falcons*
(2, 0–2)
NRG Stadium 02 !NRG Stadium (2)[note 3]
Houston, Texas 03 !Houston, Texas (3)
070807 !70,807
[61][62][63]

52 !LII
000000002018-02-04-0000February 4, 2018
Philadelphia Eagles 03 !Philadelphia Eagles*
(3, 1–2)
4133 !41–33
New England Patriots 10 !New England Patriots†
(10, 5–5)
U.S. Bank Stadium 01 !U.S. Bank Stadium
Minneapolis, Minnesota 02 !Minneapolis, Minnesota (2)
067612 !67,612
[64][65]

53 !LIII
000000002019-02-03-0000February 3, 2019 [note 5]
X 2019 !2018–19 AFC champion† at 2018–19 NFC champion*
0019 !—
X 2019 !To be determined (TBD)
Mercedes-Benz Stadium 01 !Mercedes-Benz Stadium
Atlanta, Georgia 03 !Atlanta, Georgia (3)
TBD
[66][67]

54 !LIV
000000002020-02-02-0000February 2, 2020 [note 5]
X 2020 !2019–20 NFC champion* at 2019–20 AFC champion†
0020 !—
X 2020 !To be determined
Hard Rock Stadium 06 !Hard Rock Stadium (6)[note 3]
Miami, Florida 11 !Miami Gardens, Florida (11)[note 2]
TBD
[66][67]

55 !LV
000000002021-02-07-0000February 7, 2021 [note 5]
X 2020 !2020–21 AFC champion† at 2020–21 NFC champion*
0021 !—
X 2021 !To be determined
Raymond James Stadium 03 !Raymond James Stadium (3)
Tampa, Florida 05 !Tampa, Florida (5)
TBD
[66][67]

56 !LVI
000000002022-02-06-0000February 6, 2022 [note 5]
X 2021 !2021–22 NFC champion† at 2021–22 AFC champion*
0022 !—
X 2022 !To be determined
City of Champions Stadium 01 !Los Angeles Stadium at Hollywood Park
Los Angeles, California 08 !Inglewood, California (8)[note 1]
TBD
[66][67]

Game
Date
Winning team
Score
Losing team
Venue
City
Attendance
Ref

text: Consecutive winners

text: Seven franchises have won consecutive Super Bowls, one of which (Pittsburgh) has accomplished it twice:

text:
Green Bay Packers (Super Bowls I and II)
Miami Dolphins (VII and VIII)
Pittsburgh Steelers (twice: IX and X as well as XIII and XIV)
San Francisco 49ers (XXIII and XXIV)
Dallas Cowboys (XXVII and XXVIII)
Denver Broncos (XXXII and XXXIII)
New England Patriots (XXXVIII and XXXIX)

text: No franchise has yet won three Super Bowls in a row, although several have come close:

text:
The Green Bay Packers won the first two Super Bowls, and also won the NFL championship the preceding year.
The Miami Dolphins appeared in three consecutive Super Bowls (VI, VII, and VIII), winning the last two.
The Pittsburgh Steelers won two consecutive Super Bowls (IX and X); the following season they were eliminated in the AFC championship game by the eventual Super Bowl champion Oakland Raiders. They also won two more consecutive Super Bowls (XIII and XIV) for four wins in six seasons.
The San Francisco 49ers won two consecutive Super Bowls (XXIII and XXIV); the following season they were eliminated in the NFC championship by the eventual Super Bowl champion New York Giants.
The Dallas Cowboys won two consecutive Super Bowls (XXVII and XXVIII); the following season they were eliminated in the NFC championship game by the eventual champion San Francisco 49ers. The Cowboys won Super Bowl XXX the following year for three wins in four seasons.
The New England Patriots won Super Bowl XXXVI, which was two years before their consecutive wins in XXXVIII and XXXIX, for three wins in four seasons. They did not make the playoffs in the intervening season (XXXVII). The Patriots also won Super Bowls XLIX and LI and in the intervening season (50) were eliminated in the AFC championship game by the eventual champion Denver Broncos.

text: Consecutive losers

text: Three franchises have lost consecutive Super Bowls:

text:
Buffalo Bills (4) (Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII) – The only team to appear in four straight Super Bowls, let alone lose in all four appearances.
Minnesota Vikings (2) (Super Bowls VIII and IX) – They also lost Super Bowl XI, and were knocked out of the playoffs for Super Bowl X by the eventual losers the Dallas Cowboys for three losses in four seasons.
Denver Broncos (2) (Super Bowls XXI and XXII) – They also lost Super Bowl XXIV, but did not even make the playoffs for Super Bowl XXIII for three losses in four seasons.

text: Super Bowl appearances by team

text:
NFL‡/NFC* teams (27 wins)
AFL^/AFC† teams (25 wins)

NFL‡/AFC† team[note 6]

text: In the sortable table below, teams are ordered first by number of appearances, then by number of wins, and finally by number of years since last appearing in a Super Bowl. In the "Seasons" column, bold years indicate winning seasons, and italic years indicate games not yet completed.

text:
Appearances
Team
Wins
Losses
Winning
percentage
Seasons

10A-05W-01YA-02YW !10
New England Patriots†
05W-02YW !5
05L-01YL !5
.500
1985 !1985,† 1996,† 2001,† 2003,† 2004,† 2007,† 2011,† 2014,† 2016,† 2017†

08A-06W-08YA-10YW !8
Pittsburgh Steelers†[note 6]
06W-10YW !6
02L-08YL !2
.750
1974 !1974,† 1975,† 1978,† 1979,† 1995,† 2005,† 2008,† 2010†

08A-05W-23YA-23YW !8
Dallas Cowboys*
05W-23YW !5
03L-40YL !3
.625
1970 !1970,* 1971,* 1975,* 1977,* 1978,* 1992,* 1993,* 1995*

08A-03W-03YA-03YW !8
Denver Broncos†
03W-03YW !3
05L-05YL !5
.375
1977 !1977,† 1986,† 1987,† 1989,† 1997,† 1998,† 2013,† 2015†

06A-05W-06YA-24YW !6
San Francisco 49ers*
05W-24YW !5
01L-06YL !1
.833
1981 !1981,* 1984,* 1988,* 1989,* 1994*, 2012*

05A-04W-08YA-08YW !5
Green Bay Packers‡*
04W-08YW !4
01L-21YL !1
.800
1966 !1966,‡ 1967,‡ 1996,* 1997,* 2010*

05A-04W-07YA-07YW !5
New York Giants*
04W-07YW !4
01L-18YL !1
.800
1986 !1986,* 1990,* 2000,* 2007,* 2011*

05A-03W-27YA-27YW !5
Washington Redskins*
03W-27YW !3
02L-35YL !2
.600
1972 !1972,* 1982,* 1983,* 1987,* 1991*

05A-03W-16YA-35YW !5
Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders^†
03W-35YW !3
02L-16YL !2
.600
1967,^ 1976,† 1980,† 1983,† 2002†

05A-02W-34YA-45YW !5
Miami Dolphins†
02W-45YW !2
03L-34YL !3
.400
1971 !1971,† 1972,† 1973,† 1982,† 1984†

04A-02W-09YA-12YW !4
Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts‡†[note 6]
02W-12YW !2
02L-09YL !2
.500
1968 !1968,‡ 1970,† 2006,† 2009†

04A-00W-42YA-53YW !4
Minnesota Vikings‡*
00W-53YW-04A-25YA !0
04L-42YL !4
.000
1969 !1969,‡ 1973,* 1974,* 1976*

04A-00W-25YA-53YW !4
Buffalo Bills†
00W-53YW-04A-25YA !0
04L-25YL !4
.000
1990 !1990,† 1991,† 1992,† 1993†

03A-01W-17YA-19YW !3
St. Louis/Los Angeles Rams*
01W-19YW !1
02L-17YL !2
.333
1979 !1979,* 1999,* 2001*

03A-01W-03YA-04YW !3
Seattle Seahawks*
01W-04YW !1
02L-03YL !2
.333
2005 !2005,* 2013,* 2014*

03A-01W-01YA-01YW !3
Philadelphia Eagles*
01W-01YW !1
02L-14YL !2
.333
1980 !1980,* 2004,* 2017*

02A-02W-06YA-06YW !2
Baltimore Ravens†[note 7]
02W-06YW !2
00L-22YL-02A-06YA !0
1.000
2000 !2000,† 2012†

02A-01W-49YA-49YW !2
Kansas City Chiefs^†
01W-49YW !1
01L-52YL !1
.500
1966 !1966,^ 1969^

02A-01W-12YA-33YW !2
Chicago Bears*
01W-33YW !1
01L-12YL !1
.500
1985 !1985,* 2006*

02A-00W-30YA-53YW !2
Cincinnati Bengals†
00W-53YW-02A-30YA !0
02L-30YL !2
.000
1981 !1981,† 1988†

02A-00W-03YA-23YW !2
Carolina Panthers*
00W-23YW-02A-03YA !0
02L-03YL !2
.000
2003 !2003,* 2015*

02A-00W-02YA-53YW !2
Atlanta Falcons*
00W-53YW-02A-02YA !0
02L-02YL !2
.000
1998 !1998,* 2016*

01A-01W-50YA-50YW !1
New York Jets^†
01W-50YW !1
00L-53YL-01A-50YA !0
1.000
1968 !1968^

01A-01W-18YA-18YW !1
Tampa Bay Buccaneers*
01W-18YW !1
00L-44YL-01A-18YA !0
1.000
2002 !2002*

01A-01W-09YA-09YW !1
New Orleans Saints*
01W-09YW !1
00L-52YL-01A-09YA !0
1.000
2009 !2009*

01A-00W-24YA-53YW !1
San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers†
00W-53YW-01A-24YA !0
01L-24YL !1
.000
1994 !1994†

01A-00W-19YA-53YW !1
Houston/Tennessee Oilers/Tennessee Titans†
00W-53YW-01A-19YA !0
01L-19YL !1
.000
1999 !1999†

01A-00W-10YA-53YW !1
St. Louis/Arizona Cardinals*
00W-53YW-01A-10YA !0
01L-10YL !1
.000
2008 !2008*

00A-00W-53YA-53YW-11CG !0
Cleveland Browns†[note 6][note 7]
00W-53YW-00A-53YA-11CG !0
00L-53YL-00A-53YA-11CG !0
–
none

00A-00W-53YA-53YW-05CG !0
Detroit Lions*
00W-53YW-00A-53YA-05CG !0
00L-53YL-00A-53YA-05CG !0
–
none

00A-00W-23YA-23YW-00CG !0
Jacksonville Jaguars†
00W-23YW-00A-23YA-00CG !0
00L-23YL-00A-23YA-00CG !0
–
none

00A-00W-16YA-16YW-00CG !0
Houston Texans†
00W-16YW-00A-16YA-00CG !0
00L-16YL-00A-16YA-00CG !0
–
none

text: Teams with no Super Bowl appearances

text: Four current teams have never reached the Super Bowl. Two of them held NFL league championships prior to Super Bowl I in the 1966 NFL season:

text:
Cleveland Browns, NFL champions four times in 1950, 1954, 1955, and 1964; appeared in seven other NFL championship games in 1951, 1952, 1953, 1957, 1965, 1968, and 1969; and appeared in three AFC Championship Games in 1986, 1987, and 1989.[68] The Browns are officially viewed as one continuous franchise that began in 1946 as a member of the All-America Football Conference, joined the NFL in 1950, suspended operations from 1996 to 1998, and resumed play in 1999.[69] The Baltimore Ravens were an expansion team created in 1996 with former Browns players.[70]
Detroit Lions, NFL champions four times in 1935, 1952, 1953, and 1957; appeared in one other NFL Championship Game in 1954; and appeared in one NFC Championship Game in 1991[71]
Jacksonville Jaguars, 1995 expansion team; appeared in three AFC Championship Games in 1996, 1999, and 2017.[72]
Houston Texans, 2002 expansion team; Divisional Round appearances in 2011, 2012, and 2016 seasons.

text: In addition, Detroit, Houston, and Jacksonville have hosted Super Bowls, making Cleveland the only current NFL city that has neither hosted nor had its team play in a Super Bowl.

text: Teams with long Super Bowl droughts

text: Although Jacksonville and Houston have never appeared in a Super Bowl, there are teams whose most recent Super Bowl appearance is older than when Jacksonville and Houston joined the NFL (1995 and 2002, respectively), resulting in longer Super Bowl droughts than these teams for the following eight teams.

text: Two of these teams have not appeared in the Super Bowl since before the AFL–NFL merger in 1970:[73]

text:
New York Jets (most recently appeared in Super Bowl III, 1968 season)
Kansas City Chiefs (Super Bowl IV in 1969 season)

text: However, the Jets and the Chiefs are the only non-NFL teams to win the Super Bowl, both being members of the now-defunct AFL at the time.

text: The most recent Super Bowl appearance for the following teams was after the AFL–NFL merger, but prior to the 1995 regular season:

text:
Minnesota Vikings (Super Bowl XI, 1976 season)
Miami Dolphins (Super Bowl XIX, 1984 season)
Cincinnati Bengals (Super Bowl XXIII, 1988 season)
Washington Redskins (Super Bowl XXVI, 1991 season)
Buffalo Bills (Super Bowl XXVIII, 1993 season)
Los Angeles Chargers (played as San Diego Chargers in Super Bowl XXIX, 1994 season)

text: Teams with Super Bowl appearances but no victories

text: Eight teams have appeared in the Super Bowl without ever winning. In descending order of number of appearances, they are:

text:
Minnesota Vikings (4), appeared in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI. They won the NFL Championship Game in 1969, the last year before the AFL–NFL merger, but failed to win the subsequent Super Bowl. An NFL expansion team in 1961, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
Buffalo Bills (4), appeared in Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII. Their second and last AFL championship was in 1965, the season before the first Super Bowl.
Cincinnati Bengals (2), appeared in Super Bowls XVI and XXIII. An AFL expansion team in 1968, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
Atlanta Falcons (2), appeared in Super Bowls XXXIII and LI. An expansion team in 1966, they have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
Carolina Panthers (2), appeared in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50. A post-merger expansion team, their first season was in 1995.
Arizona Cardinals (1), appeared in Super Bowl XLIII. Their last championship was in 1947 as the Chicago Cardinals.
Los Angeles Chargers (1), appeared in Super Bowl XXIX as the San Diego Chargers. Their only AFL championship was in 1963.
Tennessee Titans (1), appeared in Super Bowl XXXIV. They won the first two AFL Championships in 1960 and 1961 as the Houston Oilers.

text: Super Bowl rematches

text: The following teams have faced each other more than once in the Super Bowl:

text:
Dallas Cowboys and Pittsburgh Steelers (3) – Super Bowls X and XIII were won by Pittsburgh, and Super Bowl XXX was won by Dallas. See also Cowboys–Steelers rivalry.
Miami Dolphins and Washington Redskins (2) – Super Bowl VII was won by Miami, and Super Bowl XVII was won by Washington.
Cincinnati Bengals and San Francisco 49ers (2) – Super Bowls XVI and XXIII were both won by San Francisco.
Buffalo Bills and Dallas Cowboys (2) – Super Bowls XXVII and XXVIII, the only rematch in consecutive seasons, were both won by Dallas.
New England Patriots and New York Giants (2) – Super Bowls XLII and XLVI were both won by New York.
New England Patriots and Philadelphia Eagles (2) – Super Bowl XXXIX was won by New England, Super Bowl LII was won by Philadelphia.


document_title: List of Indianapolis 500 winners

question_text: what kind of car won the indy 500

question_tokens: what kind of car won the indy 500

root

text: List of Indianapolis 500 winners

text: List of winners[edit]

text: Fisher Era – AAA sanctioning (1911–1927)[edit]

text:
Year

Date

Driver

Team / Owner

Chassis

Engine

Tire

Race Distance

Time

Average Speed

Car Name

Laps

Miles (km)

1911

May 30

 Ray Harroun[5]

Nordyke & Marmon Company

Marmon

Marmon

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

6:42:08.039

74.59 mph (120.04 km/h)

Marmon Wasp

1912

May 30

 Joe Dawson[6]

National Motor Vehicle Company

National

National

M

200

500 miles(805 km)

6:21:06.144

78.719 mph (126.686 km/h)

National Motor Vehicle

1913

May 30

 Jules Goux[7]

Peugeot

Peugeot

Peugeot

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

6:35:05.108

75.933 mph (122.202 km/h)

Peugeot

1914

May 30

 René Thomas[8]

Louis Delâge Company

Delage

Delage

P

200

500 miles(805 km)

6:03:45.060

82.474 mph (132.729 km/h)

L. Delâge

1915

May 31

 Ralph DePalma[9][a]

E.C. Patterson

Mercedes

Mercedes

BF

200

500 miles(805 km)

5:33:55.619

89.840 mph (144.583 km/h)

MercedesE.C. Patterson

1916

May 30

 Dario Resta[10][b]

Peugeot Auto Racing Company

Peugeot

Peugeot

BF

120

300 miles(483 km)[c]

3:34:16.990

84.001 mph (135.187 km/h)

Peugeot Auto Racing

1917

No race held due to World War I

1918

1919

May 31

 Howdy Wilcox[11]

I.M.S. Corporation

Premier

Premier

G

200

500 miles(805 km)

5:40:42.930

88.050 mph (141.703 km/h)

PeugeotIndianapolis Speedway Team

1920

May 31

 Gaston Chevrolet[12][d]

William Small Company

Frontenac

Frontenac

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

5:38:31.901

88.618 mph (142.617 km/h)

MonroeWilliam Small

1921

May 30

 Tommy Milton[13]

Louis Chevrolet

Frontenac

Frontenac

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

5:34:44.578

89.621 mph (144.231 km/h)

FrontenacLouis Chevrolet

1922

May 30

 Jimmy Murphy[14]

Jimmy Murphy

Duesenberg

Miller

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

5:17:30.845

94.484 mph (152.057 km/h)

Jimmy Murphy

1923

May 30

 Tommy Milton[15]

H.C.S. Motor Company

Miller

Miller

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

5:31:19.618

90.545 mph (145.718 km/h)

H.C.S. Motor Company

1924

May 30

 Lora L. Corum[16]

Duesenberg

Duesenberg

Duesenberg

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

5:05:23.595

98.234 mph (158.092 km/h)

Duesenberg

 Joe Boyer[e]

1925

May 30

 Peter DePaolo[17]

Duesenberg

Duesenberg

Duesenberg

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:56:39.401

101.127 mph (162.748 km/h)

Duesenberg

1926

May 31

 Frank Lockhart[18]

Peter Kreis

Miller

Miller

F

160*

400 miles(644 km)

5:12:48.768

95.904 mph (154.343 km/h)

MillerPeter Kreis

1927

May 30

 George Souders[19]

William S. White

Duesenberg

Duesenberg

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

5:07:33.022

97.545 mph (156.983 km/h)

DuesenbergWilliam White

tag: table

text: Rickenbacker Era – AAA sanctioning (1928–1945)[edit]

text:
Year

Date

Driver

Team / Owner

Chassis

Engine

Tire

Race Distance

Time

Average Speed

Car Name

Laps

Miles (km)

1928

May 30

 Louis Meyer[20]

Alden Sampson, II

Miller

Miller

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

5:01:33.725

99.482 mph (160.101 km/h)

MillerAlden Sampson, II

1929

May 30

 Ray Keech[21]

M. A. Yagle

Miller

Miller

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

5:07:25.458

97.585 mph (157.048 km/h)

Simplex Piston RingYagle

1930

May 30

 Billy Arnold[22]

Harry Hartz

Summers

Miller

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:58:39.720

100.448 mph (161.655 km/h)

MillerHartz

1931

May 30

 Louis Schneider[23]

B. L. Schneider

Stevens

Miller

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

5:10:27.948

96.629 mph (155.509 km/h)

Bowes Seal FastSchneider

1932

May 30

 Fred Frame[24]

Harry Hartz

Wetteroth

Miller

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:48:03.761

104.144 mph (167.604 km/h)

Miller-Harry Hartz

1933

May 30

 Louis Meyer[25]

Louis Meyer

Miller

Miller

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:48:00.774

104.162 mph (167.632 km/h)

Tydol/Louis Meyer

1934

May 30

 Bill Cummings[26]

H. C. Henning

Miller

Miller

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:46:05.254

104.863 mph (168.761 km/h)

Boyle ProductsHenning

1935

May 30

 Kelly Petillo[27]

Kelly Petillo

Wetteroth

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:42:22.771

106.240 mph (170.977 km/h)

Gilmore SpeedwayPetillo

1936

May 30

 Louis Meyer[28]

Louis Meyer

Stevens

Miller

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:35:03.314

109.069 mph (175.530 km/h)

Ring FreeLou Meyer

1937

May 31

 Wilbur Shaw[29]

Wilbur Shaw

Shaw

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:24:07.861

113.580 mph (182.789 km/h)

Shaw-Gilmore

1938

May 30

 Floyd Roberts[30]

Lou Moore

Wetteroth

Miller

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:15:58.362

117.200 mph (188.615 km/h)

Burd Piston RingLou Moore

1939

May 30

 Wilbur Shaw[31]

Boyle Racing Headquarters

Maserati

Maserati

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:20:47.412

115.035 mph (185.131 km/h)

Boyle Racing Headquarters

1940

May 30

 Wilbur Shaw[32]

Boyle Racing Headquarters

Maserati

Maserati

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:22:31.201

114.277 mph (183.911 km/h)

Boyle Racing Headquarters

1941

May 30

 Floyd Davis[33]

Lou Moore

Wetteroth

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:20:36.266

115.117 mph (185.263 km/h)

Noc-Out Hose ClampMoore

 Mauri Rose[f]

1942

No race held due to World War II

1943

1944

1945

text: Hulman/George Era – AAA sanctioning (1946–1955)[edit]

text:
Year

Date

Driver

Team / Owner

Chassis

Engine

Tire

Race Distance

Time

Average Speed(mph)(km/h)

Car Name

Laps

Miles (km)

1946

May 30

 George Robson[34][g]

Thorne Engineering

Adams

Sparks

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:21:16.711

114.820184.785

Thorne Engineering

1947

May 30

 Mauri Rose[35]

Lou Moore

Deidt

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:17:52.159

116.338187.228

Blue Crown Spark PlugMoore

1948

May 31

 Mauri Rose[36]

Lou Moore

Deidt

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:10:23.286

119.814192.822

Blue Crown Spark PlugMoore

1949

May 30

 Bill Holland[37]

Lou Moore

Deidt

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

4:07:15.939

121.327195.257

Blue Crown Spark PlugMoore

1950

May 30

 Johnnie Parsons[38]

Kurtis Kraft

Kurtis Kraft

Offenhauser

F

138*

345 miles(555 km)

2:46:55.967

124.002199.562

Wynn's FrictionKurtis-Kraft

1951

May 30

 Lee Wallard[39]

Murrell Belanger

Kurtis Kraft

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:57:38.103

126.244203.170

Murrell Belanger

1952

May 30

 Troy Ruttman[40]

J. C. Agajanian

Kuzma

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:52:41.930

128.922207.480

J. C. Agajanian

1953

May 30

 Bill Vukovich[41]

Howard B. Keck

Kurtis Kraft

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:53:01.668

128.740207.187

Fuel InjectionHoward Keck

1954

May 31

 Bill Vukovich[42]

Howard B. Keck

Kurtis Kraft

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:49:17.261

130.840210.567

Fuel InjectionHoward Keck

1955

May 30

 Bob Sweikert[43]

John Zink

Kurtis Kraft

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:53:59.576

128.213206.339

John Zink

text: Hulman/George Era – USAC sanctioning (1956–1995)[edit]

text:
Year

Date

Driver

Team / Owner

Chassis

Engine

Tire

Race Distance

Time

Average Speed(mph)(km/h)

Car Name

Laps

Miles (km)

1956

May 30

 Pat Flaherty[44]

John Zink

Watson

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:53:28.872

128.490206.785

John Zink

1957

May 30

 Sam Hanks[45]

George Salih

Salih

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:41:14.238

135.601218.229

Belond ExhaustGeorge Salih

1958

May 30

 Jimmy Bryan[46]

George Salih

Salih

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:44:21.064

133.791215.316

Belong APGeorge Salih

1959

May 30

 Rodger Ward[47]

Leader Cards

Watson

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:40:47.470

135.857218.641

Leader Cards 500 Roadster

1960

May 30

 Jim Rathmann[48]

Ken-Paul

Watson

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:36:11.384

138.767223.324

Ken-Paul

1961

May 30

 A. J. Foyt[49]

Bignotti-Bowes Racing

Trevis

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:35:37.540

139.130223.908

Bowes Seal FastBignotti

1962

May 30

 Rodger Ward[50]

Leader Cards

Watson

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:33:50.291

140.293225.780

Leader Cards 500 Roadster

1963

May 30

 Parnelli Jones[51]

J. C. Agajanian

Watson

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:29:35.365

143.137230.357

J. C. AgajanianWillard Battery

1964

May 30

 A. J. Foyt[52]

Ansted-Thompson Racing

Watson

Offenhauser

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:23:35.813

147.350237.137

Sheraton-ThompsonAnsted

1965

May 31

 Jim Clark[53]

Team Lotus

Lotus

Ford

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:19:05.370

150.686242.506

Lotus powered by Ford

1966

May 30

 Graham Hill[54]

Mecom Racing Team

Lola

Ford

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:27:52.543

144.317232.256

American Red BallMecom

1967

May 30–31

 A. J. Foyt[55]

Ansted-Thompson Racing

Coyote

Ford

G

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:18:24.211

151.207243.344

Sheraton-ThompsonAnsted

1968

May 30

 Bobby Unser[56]

Leader Cards

Eagle

Offenhauser

G

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:16:13.786

152.882246.040

RisloneLeader Cards

1969

May 30

 Mario Andretti[57][h]

STP Corporation

Hawk

Ford

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:11:14.689

156.867252.453

STP Oil Treatment

1970

May 30

 Al Unser[58]

Vel's Parnelli Jones Ford

Colt

Ford

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:12:37.057

155.749250.654

Johnny Lightning

1971

May 29

 Al Unser[59]

Vel's Parnelli Jones Ford

Colt

Ford

F

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:10:11.545

157.735253.850

Johnny Lightning

1972

May 27

 Mark Donohue[60]

Roger Penske Enterprises

McLaren

Offenhauser

G

200

500 miles(805 km)

3:04:23.851

162.962262.262

SunocoMcLaren Penske

1973

May 28–30

 Gordon Johncock[61]

Patrick Racing Team

Eagle

Offenhauser

G

133*

333 miles(535 km)

2:05:25.320

159.036255.944

STP Double Oil FilterPatrick

1974

May 26

 Johnny Rutherford[62]

Bruce McLaren Motor Racing

McLaren

Offenhauser

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:09:10.094

158.589255.224

McLaren Cars

1975

May 25

 Bobby Unser[63]

All American Racers

Eagle

Offenhauser

G

174*

435 miles (700 km)

2:54:55.064

149.213240.135

JorgensenAll American Racers

1976

May 30

 Johnny Rutherford[64]

Bruce McLaren Motor Racing

McLaren

Offenhauser

G

102*

255 miles (410 km)

1:42:52.466

148.725239.350

Hy-Gain/McLaren

1977

May 29

 A. J. Foyt[65]

A.J. Foyt Enterprises

Coyote

Foyt

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:05:57.186

161.331259.637

Gilmore RacingA. J. Foyt

1978

May 28

 Al Unser[66]

Chaparral Racing

Lola

Cosworth

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:05:54.974

161.363259.689

First National CityChaparral

1979

May 27

 Rick Mears[67]

Penske Racing

Penske

Cosworth

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:08:47.950

158.899255.723

The Gould ChargePenske

1980

May 25

 Johnny Rutherford[68]

Chaparral Racing

Chaparral

Cosworth

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:29:59.572

142.862229.914

PennzoilChaparral Racing

1981

May 24

 Bobby Unser[69]

Penske Racing

Penske

Cosworth

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:35:41.819

139.084223.834

The Norton SpiritPenske

1982

May 30

 Gordon Johncock[70]

STP Patrick Racing Team

Wildcat

Cosworth

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:05:09.122

162.029260.760

STP Oil TreatmentPatrick

1983

May 29

 Tom Sneva[71]

Bignotti-Cotter

March

Cosworth

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:05:03.092

162.117260.902

Texaco StarBignotti-Cotter

1984

May 27

 Rick Mears[72]

Penske Cars

March

Cosworth

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:03:21.638

163.612263.308

Pennzoil Z-7Penske

1985

May 26

 Danny Sullivan[73]

Penske Cars

March

Cosworth

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:16:06.090

152.982246.201

Miller AmericanPenske

1986

May 31

 Bobby Rahal[74]

Truesports

March

Cosworth

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

2:55:43.457

170.722274.750

BudweiserTruesports

1987

May 24

 Al Unser[75]

Penske Racing, Incorporated

March

Cosworth

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:04:59.121

162.175260.995

Cummins-HolsetPenske

1988

May 29

 Rick Mears[76]

Penske Racing, Incorporated

Penske

Chevrolet

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:27:10.167

144.809233.047

Pennzoil Z-7Penske

1989

May 28

 Emerson Fittipaldi[77]

Patrick Racing, Incorporated

Penske

Chevrolet

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

2:59:01.074

167.581269.695

MarlboroPatrick Racing

1990

May 27

 Arie Luyendyk

Doug Shierson Racing

Lola[78]

Chevrolet

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

2:41:18.404

185.981299.307

Domino's PizzaShierson

1991

May 26

 Rick Mears[79]

Penske Racing, Incorporated

Penske

Chevrolet

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

2:50:00.791

176.457283.980

Marlboro Penske Chevy 91

1992

May 24

 Al Unser Jr.[80]

Galles-Kraco Racing

Galmer

Chevrolet

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:43:05.148

134.477216.420

Valvoline Galmer 92

1993

May 30

 Emerson Fittipaldi[81]

Penske Racing, Incorporated

Penske

Chevrolet

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:10:49.860

157.207253.000

Marlboro Penske Chevy '93

1994

May 29

 Al Unser Jr.[82]

Penske Racing, Incorporated

Penske

Mercedes-Benz

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:06:29.006

160.872258.898

Marlboro Penske Mercedes

1995

May 28

 Jacques Villeneuve[83]

Team Green

Reynard

Ford Cosworth

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:15:17.561

153.616247.221

Player's LTD/Team Green

text: Hulman/George Era – INDYCAR sanctioning (1996–present)[edit]

text:
Year

Date

Driver

Team / Owner

Chassis

Engine

Tire

Race Distance

Time

Average Speed(mph)(km/h)

Car Name

Laps

Miles (km)

1996

May 26

 Buddy Lazier[84]

Hemelgarn Racing

Reynard

Ford Cosworth

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:22:45.753

147.956238.112

Delta Faucet/MontanaHemelgarn

1997

May 26–27

 Arie Luyendyk[85]

Treadway Racing

G Force

Oldsmobile

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:25:43.388

145.827234.686

Wavephore/Sprint PCSMiller Lite/Provimi

1998

May 24

 Eddie Cheever[86]

Team Cheever

Dallara

Oldsmobile

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:26:40.524

145.155233.604

Rachel's Potato Chips

1999

May 30

 Kenny Bräck[87]

A.J. Foyt Enterprises

Dallara

Oldsmobile

G

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:15:51.182

153.176246.513

A. J. Foyt PowerTeam Racing

2000

May 28

 Juan Pablo Montoya[88]

Target Chip Ganassi Racing

G Force

Oldsmobile

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

2:58:59.431

167.607269.737

Target

2001

May 27

 Hélio Castroneves[89]

Marlboro Team Penske

Dallara

Oldsmobile

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:31:54.180

141.574227.841

Marlboro

2002

May 26

 Hélio Castroneves[90]

Marlboro Team Penske

Dallara

Chevrolet

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:00:10.871

166.499267.954

Marlboro

2003

May 25

 Gil de Ferran[91][j]

Marlboro Team Penske

Panoz G Force

Toyota

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:11:56.989

156.291251.526

Marlboro

2004

May 30

 Buddy Rice[92]

Rahal Letterman Racing

Panoz G Force

Honda

F

180*

450 miles (724 km)

3:14:55.2395

138.518222.923

Argent/Pioneer

2005

May 29

 Dan Wheldon[93]

Andretti Green Racing

Dallara

Honda

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:10:21.0769

157.603253.637

Klein Tools/Jim Beam

2006

May 28

 Sam Hornish Jr.[94]

Marlboro Team Penske

Dallara

Honda

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:10:58.7590

157.085252.804

Marlboro

2007

May 27

 Dario Franchitti[95]

Andretti Green Racing

Dallara

Honda

F

166*

415 miles (668 km)

2:44:03.5608

151.774244.257

Canadian Club

2008

May 25

 Scott Dixon[96]

Target Chip Ganassi Racing

Dallara

Honda

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:28:57.6792

143.567231.049

Target

2009

May 24

 Hélio Castroneves[97]

Marlboro Team Penske

Dallara

Honda

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:19:34.6427

150.318241.913

Team Penske

2010

May 30

 Dario Franchitti[98]

Target Chip Ganassi Racing

Dallara

Honda

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:05:37.0131

161.623260.107

Target

2011

May 29

 Dan Wheldon[99]

Bryan Herta Autosport

Dallara

Honda

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

2:56:11.7267

170.265274.015

William Rast - Curb/Big Machine

2012

May 27

 Dario Franchitti[100]

Target Chip Ganassi Racing

Dallara

Honda

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

2:58:51.2532

167.734269.934

Target

2013

May 26

 Tony Kanaan

KV Racing Technology

Dallara

Chevrolet

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

2:40:03.4181

187.433301.644[i]

Hydroxycut

2014

May 25

 Ryan Hunter-Reay

Andretti Autosport

Dallara

Honda

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

2:40:48.2305

186.563300.244

DHL Express

2015

May 24

 Juan Pablo Montoya

Team Penske

Dallara

Chevrolet

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:05:56.5286

161.341259.653

Verizon Wireless

2016

May 29

 Alexander Rossi

Andretti-Herta Autosport

Dallara

Honda

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:00:02.0872

166.634268.171

National Automotive Parts Association

2017

May 28

 Takuma Sato[101][102]

Andretti Autosport

Dallara

Honda

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

3:13:03.3584

155.395250.084

Panasonic/Ruoff Home Mortgage

2018

May 27

 Will Power[103]

Team Penske

Dallara

Chevrolet

F

200

500 miles (805 km)

2:59:42.6365

166.935268.656

Verizon

text: Driver statistics[edit]

text: Active driver victories[edit]

text:
Wins

Driver

Years

3

 Hélio Castroneves

2001

2002

2009

1

 Scott Dixon

2008

 Tony Kanaan

2013

 Ryan Hunter-Reay

2014

 Alexander Rossi

2016

 Takuma Sato

2017

 Will Power

2018

text: Multiple victories[edit]

text:
Multiple driver victoriesNineteen of seventy race-winning drivers,27.14%, have won the race more than once.

Wins

Driver

Years

4
 A. J. Foyt

1961

1964

1967

1977

 Al Unser, Sr.

1970

1971

1978

1987

 Rick Mears

1979

1984

1988

1991

3
 Louis Meyer

1928

1933

1936

 Wilbur Shaw

1937

1939

1940

 Mauri Rose[k]

1941

1947

1948

 Johnny Rutherford

1974

1976

1980

 Bobby Unser

1968

1975

1981

 Hélio Castroneves

2001

2002

2009

 Dario Franchitti

2007

2010

2012

2
 Tommy Milton

1921

1923

 Bill Vukovich

1953

1954

 Rodger Ward

1959

1962

 Gordon Johncock

1973

1982

 Emerson Fittipaldi

1989

1993

 Al Unser, Jr.

1992

1994

 Arie Luyendyk

1990

1997

 Dan Wheldon

2005

2011

 Juan Pablo Montoya

2000

2015

text: Consecutive victories[edit]

text:
Wins

Driver

Years

2

 Wilbur Shaw

1939–1940

 Mauri Rose

1947–1948

 Bill Vukovich

1953–1954

 Al Unser, Sr.

1970–1971

 Hélio Castroneves

2001–2002

text: Rookie winners (inaugural race inclusive)[edit]

text:
Year

Driver

1911

 Ray Harroun

1913

 Jules Goux

1914

 René Thomas

1926

 Frank Lockhart

1927

 George Souders

1966

 Graham Hill

2000

 Juan Pablo Montoya

2001

 Hélio Castroneves

2016

 Alexander Rossi

text: Nationalities of non-American winners[edit]

text:
Rank

Nation

NationalWins

Drivers

DriverWins

1

UnitedKingdom

8
Dario Franchitti

2007

2010
2012

Dan Wheldon
2005

2011

George Robson[a]
1946

Jim Clark
1965

Graham Hill
1966

2

Brazil

7
Hélio Castroneves

2001

2002
2009

Emerson Fittipaldi
1989

1993

Gil de Ferran[b]
2003

Tony Kanaan
2013

3

France

3
Jules Goux

1913

René Thomas

1914

Gaston Chevrolet[a]
1920

4

Italy

3
Ralph DePalma

1915

Dario Resta[c]
1916

Mario Andretti[a]
1969

5

Netherlands

2
Arie Luyendyk

1990

1997

Colombia

2
Juan Pablo Montoya

2000

2015

7

Canada

1
Jacques Villeneuve

1995

Sweden

1
Kenny Bräck
1999

New Zealand

1
Scott Dixon
2008

Japan

1
Takuma Sato
2017

Australia

1
Will Power
2018

[a]  American national
[b]  Brazilian national
[c]  British national

text: Race and National Championship victories in same year[edit]

text:
Year

Driver

ChampionshipSanctioning Body*

1920

 Gaston Chevrolet

AAA Contest Board

1921

 Tommy Milton

1922

 Jimmy Murphy

1925

 Peter DePaolo

1928

 Louis Meyer

1930

 Billy Arnold

1931

 Louis Schneider

1933

 Louis Meyer

1934

 Bill Cummings

1935

 Kelly Petillo

1937

 Wilbur Shaw

1938

 Floyd Roberts

1939

 Wilbur Shaw

1955

 Bob Sweikert

1959

 Rodger Ward

USAC

1961

 A. J. Foyt

1962

 Rodger Ward

1964

 A.J. Foyt

1967

 A.J. Foyt

1968

 Bobby Unser

1969

 Mario Andretti

1970

 Al Unser

1979

 Rick Mears

SCCA / CART

1980

 Johnny Rutherford

CART

1986

 Bobby Rahal

1989

 Emerson Fittipaldi

1994

 Al Unser, Jr.

1995

 Jacques Villeneuve

2005

 Dan Wheldon

IndyCar

2006

 Sam Hornish, Jr.

2007

 Dario Franchitti

2008

 Scott Dixon

2010

 Dario Franchitti

text: Winning drivers who did not start next race[edit]

text:
YearWon

Driver

Reason For Not Starting

1911

 Ray Harroun

Retired for second and final time in victory lane

1912

 Joe Dawson

Unknown; returned, 1914

1914

 René Thomas

World War I service in France; returned, 1919

1915

 Ralph DePalma

Inadmissible (late) entry application, 1916, after facility management's rejection of appearance-fee requirement; returned, 1919

1916

 Dario Resta

Business interests; returned, 1923

1920

 Gaston Chevrolet

Fatal motorsports accident, Beverly Hills Speedway, 25 November 1920

1924

 Lora L. Corum

Unknown; returned, 1926

 Joe Boyer

Fatal motorsports accident, Altoona Speedway, 2 September 1924

1929

 Ray Keech

Fatal motorsports accident, Altoona Speedway, 15 June 1929

1935

 Kelly Petillo

Unknown; returned, 1937

1941

 Floyd Davis1

Unknown

1946

 George Robson

Fatal motorsports accident, Lakewood Speedway, 2 September 1946

1951

 Lee Wallard

Career-ending motorsports accident, shortly after victory

1952

 Troy Ruttman

Sprint car crash injury, August 1952; returned, 1954

1956

 Pat Flaherty

Severe injury, motorsports accident, Illinois State Fairgrounds, 18 August 1956; returned, 1959

1957

 Sam Hanks

Retired in victory lane

1981

 Bobby Unser

Semi-retired; served as team manager for Josele Garza; retired permanently in 1983

1994

 Al Unser, Jr.

Did not qualify; returned, 2000 (CART-IRL split)

1995

 Jacques Villeneuve

Drove in Formula One; returned, 2014

1999

 Kenny Bräck

Drove in CART; returned, 2002

2000

 Juan Pablo Montoya

Drove in Formula One; raced at IMS in the United States Grand Prix, 2001–06 and Brickyard 400, 2007–2014; returned, 2014

2003

 Gil de Ferran

Retired at the conclusion of 2003 IRL season; returned as a car owner for 2010 season.

2004

 Buddy Rice

Practice session crash injury, back injury; replaced by Kenny Bräck; returned, 2006

2007

 Dario Franchitti

Drove in NASCAR 2;  returned, 2009

2011

 Dan Wheldon

Fatal motorsports accident, Las Vegas Motor Speedway, 16 October 2011

text: 1 Davis was relieved by Mauri Rose on Lap 72. Rose competed in the next 500 in 1946.

tag: p

text: 2 Franchitti had signed with Chip Ganassi Racing to run a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season for Ganassi in 2008, but was injured April 25 at the Aaron's 312 Nationwide Series race.  That team shut down in July 2008 because of sponsorship issues, and Franchitti returned to the IRL with Ganassi in time for the exhibition race in Surfers Paradise, racing the full season in 2009.

text: Owners[edit]

text:
Wins

Entrant (Owner)

Victories

17

 Penske Racing (Roger Penske)

1972

1979

1981

1984

1985

1987

1988

1991

1993

1994

2001

2002

2003

2006

2009

2015

2018

6

 Team Green/Andretti Green Racing/Andretti Autosport/Andretti Herta Autosport

1995

2005

2007

2014

2016

2017

5

 Lou Moore

1938

1941

1947

1948

1949

4

 Chip Ganassi Racing (Chip Ganassi)

2000

2008

2010

2012

3

 A.J. Foyt Enterprises (A. J. Foyt)

1967

1977

1999

 Leader Cards Racing (Bob Wilke)

1959

1962

1968

 Patrick Racing (Pat Patrick)

1973

1982

1989

2

 Peugeot Auto Racing Company

1913

1916

 Duesenberg Automobile & Motors Company

1924

1925

 Harry Hartz

1930

1932

 Louis Meyer

1933

1936

 Boyle Racing Headquarters

1939

1940

 Howard B. Keck

1953

1954

 John Zink

1955

1956

 George Salih

1957

1958

 J.C. Agajanian

1952

1963

 Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing (Parnelli Jones & Velco Miletich)

1970

1971

 McLaren

1974

1976

 Chaparral Cars (Jim Hall)

1978

1980

text: Driver/Owners[edit]

text:
Driver/Owner victories

CombinedWins

Winner

Victories

Driver

Driver-Owner

Owner

5

 A. J. Foyt

1961

1964

1967

1977

1999

3

 Louis Meyer

1928

1933

1936

 Wilbur Shaw

1939

1940

1937

 Parnelli Jones

1963

1970

1971

2

 Bobby Rahal

1986

2004

1

 Jimmy Murphy

1922

 Kelly Petillo

1935

 Eddie Cheever

1998

text: Constructors and suppliers[edit]

text: Chassis[edit]

text:
Wins

Chassis

Victories

18*

 Dallara

1998

1999

2001

2002

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

7

 Penske

1979

1981

1988

1989

1991

1993

1994

6

 Miller

1923

1926

1928

1929

1933

1934

 Watson

1956

1959

1960

1962

1963

1964

5

 Kurtis Kraft

1950

1951

1953

1954

1955

 March

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

4

 Duesenberg

1922

1924

1925

1927

 Wetteroth

1932

1935

1938

1941

 Panoz / G Force

1997

2000

2003

2004

3

 Deidt

1947

1948

1949

 Eagle

1968

1973

1975

 McLaren

1972

1974

1976

 Lola

1966

1978

1990

2

 Peugeot

1913

1916

 Frontenac

1920

1921

 Stevens

1931

1936

 Maserati

1939

1940

 Salih

1957

1958

 Colt

1970

1971

 Coyote

1967

1977

 Reynard

1995

1996

1

 Marmon

1911

 National

1912

 Delage

1914

 Mercedes

1915

 Premier

1919

 Summers

1930

 Shaw

1937

 Adams

1946

 Kuzma

1952

 Trevis

1961

 Lotus

1965

 Brawner Hawk

1969

 Chaparral

1980

 Wildcat

1982

 Galmer

1992

* Chassis mandatory for all entries, 2012 — present

text: Engines[edit]

text:
Wins

Engine

Victories

27

 Offenhauser

1935

1937

1941

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1968

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

12

 Miller

1922

1923

1926

1928

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1936

1938

 Honda

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2014

2016

2017

10

 Cosworth

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

 Chevrolet

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

2002

2013

2015

2018

8

 Ford*

1965

1966

1967

1969

1970

1971

1995

1996

5

 Oldsmobile

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

3

 Duesenberg

1924

1925

1927

2

 Peugeot

1913

1916

 Frontenac

1920

1921

 Maserati

1939

1940

 Mercedes-Benz

1915

1994

1

 Marmon

1911

 National

1912

 Delage

1914

 Premier

1919

Sparks

1946

 Foyt

1977

 Toyota

2003

* 1995 and 1996 races won by engines developed by Cosworth but badged as "Ford-Cosworth" and nominally considered Ford Motor Company products; thus counted as Ford entries, in accordance with a 1992 arrangement mirroring that of "Ford-Cosworth" Formula One engines.

text: Tires[edit]

text:
Wins

Tire

Victories

69

F

1911

1913

1920

1921

1922

1923

1924

1925

1926

1927

1928

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938

1939

1940

1941

1946

1947

1948

1949

1950

1951

1952

1953

1954

1955

1956

1957

1958

1959

1960

1961

1962

1963

1964

1965

1966

1969

1970

1971

1996

1997

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

29

G

1919

1967

1968

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1998

1999

2

BF

1915

1916

1

M

1912

P

1914

text: Miscellanea[edit]

text: Winning starting positions[edit]

text: Entries starting from the first row have won forty-two out of one hundred one races, 41.6%.

text: Chronological[edit]

text:
1910s

Pos.

1920s

Pos.

1930s

Pos.

1940s

Pos.

1950s

Pos.

1960s

Pos.

1970s

Pos.

1980s

Pos.

1990s

Pos.

2000s

Pos.

2010s

Pos.

1911

28

1921

20

1931

13

1941

17

1951

2

1961

7

1971

5

1981

1

1991

1

2001

11

2011

6

1912

7

1922

1

1932

27

1942

1952

7

1962

2

1972

3

1982

5

1992

12

2002

13

2012

16

1913

7

1923

1

1933

6

1943

1953

1

1963

1

1973

11

1983

4

1993

9

2003

10

2013

12

1914

15

1924

21

1934

10

1944

1954

19

1964

5

1974

25

1984

3

1994

1

2004

1

2014

19

1915

2

1925

12

1935

22

1945

1955

14

1965

2

1975

3

1985

8

1995

5

2005

16

2015

15

1916

4

1926

15

1936

28

1946

15

1956

1

1966

15

1976

1

1986

4

1996

5

2006

1

2016

11

1917

1927

22

1937

2

1947

3

1957

13

1967

4

1977

4

1987

20

1997

1

2007

3

2017

4

1918

1928

13

1938

1

1948

3

1958

7

1968

3

1978

5

1988

1

1998

17

2008

1

2018

3

1919

2

1929

6

1939

3

1949

4

1959

6

1969

2

1979

1

1989

3

1999

8

2009

1

2019

1920

6

1930

1

1940

2

1950

5

1960

2

1970

1

1980

1

1990

3

2000

2

2010

3

2020

text: By starting position[edit]

text:
Pos.

Wins

Years:

1(Pole)

20

1922

1923

1930

1938

1953

1956

1963

1970

1976

1979

1980

1981

1988

1991

1994

1997

2004

2006

2008

2009

2

11

1915

1919

1925

1937

1940

1951

1960

1962

1965

1969

2000

3

12

1939

1947

1948

1968

1972

1975

1984

1989

1990

2007

2010

2018

4

7

1916

1949

1967

1977

1983

1986

2017

5

7

1950

1964

1971

1978

1982

1995

1996

6

5

1920

1929

1933

1959

2011

7

5

1912

1913

1952

1958

1961

8

2

1985

1999

9

1

1993

10

2

1934

2003

11

3

1973

2001

2016

12

2

1992

2013

13

4

1928

1931

1957

2002

14

1

1955

15

4

1914

1946

1966

2015

16

2

2005

2012

17

2

1941

1998

18

0

(Best finish, second: 1920, 2009, 2010)

19

2

1954

2014

20

3

1921

1926

1987

21

1

1924

22

2

1927

1935

23

0

(Best finish, second: 1933)

24

0

(Best finish, fourth: 1967, 1969, 1972, 1995, 2009)

25

1

1974

26

0

(Best finish, third: 1956, 1960)

27

1

1932

28

2

1911

1936

29

0

(Best finish, second: 1911, 2002)

30

0

(Best finish, fourth: 1936)

31

0

(Best finish, fourth: 1951)

32

0

(Best finish, second: 1957, 1981)

33

0

(Best finish, second: 1980, 1992)

34-42

0

text: Winning car numbers[edit]

text: Chronological[edit]

text:
1910's

No.

1920's

No.

1930's

No.

1940's

No.

1950's

No.

1960's

No.

1970's

No.

1980's

No.

1990's

No.

2000's

No.

2010's

No.

1911

32

1921

2

1931

23

1941

16

1951

99

1961

1

1971

1

1981

3

1991

3

2001

68

2011

98

1912

8

1922

35

1932

34

1942

1952

98

1962

3

1972

66

1982

20

1992

3

2002

3

2012

50

1913

16

1923

1

1933

36

1943

1953

14

1963

98

1973

20

1983

5

1993

4

2003

6

2013

11

1914

16

1924

15

1934

7

1944

1954

14

1964

1

1974

3

1984

6

1994

31

2004

15

2014

28

1915

2

1925

12

1935

5

1945

1955

6

1965

82

1975

48

1985

5

1995

27

2005

26

2015

2

1916

17

1926

15

1936

8

1946

16

1956

8

1966

24

1976

2

1986

3

1996

91

2006

6

2016

98

1917

1927

32

1937

6

1947

27

1957

9

1967

14

1977

14

1987

25

1997

5

2007

27

2017

26

1918

1928

14

1938

23

1948

3

1958

1

1968

3

1978

2

1988

5

1998

51

2008

9

2018

12

1919

3

1929

2

1939

2

1949

7

1959

5

1969

2

1979

9

1989

20

1999

14

2009

3

2019

1920

4

1930

4

1940

1

1950

1

1960

4

1970

2

1980

4

1990

30

2000

9

2010

10

2020

text: By Number[edit]

text:
No.

Wins

Years:

1
*7*

1923

1940

1950

1958

1961

1964

1971

2
9

1915

1921

1929

1939

1969

1970

1976

1978

2015

3
11

1919

1948

1962

1968

1974

1981

1986

1991

1992

2002

2009

4
5

1920

1930

1960

1980

1993

5
6

1935

1959

1983

1985

1988

1997

6
5

1937

1955

1984

2003

2006

7
2

1934

1949

8
3

1912

1936

1956

9
4

1957

1979

2000

2008

10
1

2010

11
1

2013

12
2

1925

2018

13
0

14
6

1928

1953

1954

1967

1977

1999

15
3

1924

1926

2004

16
4

1913

1914

1941

1946

17
1

1916

18
0

19
0

20
3

1973

1982

1989

21
0

22
0

23
2

1931

1938

24
1

1966

25
1

1987

26
2

2005

2017

27
3

1947

1995

2007

28
1

2014

29
0

30
1

1990

31
1

1994

32
2

1911

1927

33
0

34
1

1932

35
1

1922

36
1

1933

37
0

38
0

39
0

40
0

41
0

42
0

43
0

44
0

45
0

46
0

47
0

48
1

1975

49
0

50
1

2012

No.

Wins

Years:

51
1

1998

52
0

53
0

54
0

55
0

56
0

57
0

58
0

59
0

60
0

61
0

62
0

63
0

64
0

65
0

66
1

1972

67
0

68
1

2001

69
0

70
0

71
0

72
0

73
0

74
0

75
0

76
0

77
0

78
0

79
0

80
0

81
0

82
1

1965

83
0

84
0

85
0

86
0

87
0

88
0

89
0

90
0

91
1

1996

92
0

93
0

94
0

95
0

96
0

97
0

98
4

1952

1963

2011

2016

99
1

1951

0
0

No.

Wins

Years:

00
0

01
0

02
0

03
0

04
0

05
0

06
0

07
0

08
0

09
0

text: The race winners in 1975, 1999, 2010 and 2012 were all entitled to have car number 1 as defending series champions, but chose not to use it.

tag: ul

text: Notes[edit]

text:
a  De Palma is usually shown as American, but his application for a United States passport (available at [1]) reveals that he did not become a US citizen until 1920.
b  Resta was an Italian-born naturalized Briton.
c  The 1916 race was scheduled for 300 miles.
d  Chevrolet was French-born and held Swiss citizenship. It is uncertain if he became a United States citizen before his death.
e  Corum started the 1924 race in the car.  During the race, Boyer took over in relief and drove the car to victory. As a result, the two drivers were declared co-winners.
f  Davis started the 1941 race in the car.  During the race, Rose took over in relief and drove the car to victory. As a result, the two drivers were declared co-winners.
g  Robson was born in the United Kingdom, emigrated first to Canada and then to the United States. He became a United States citizen in 1937.
h  Andretti was an Italian-born naturalized American.
i  The 2013 race holds the record for the fastest average speed.
j  Gil de Ferran was French born.
k  Mauri Rose was co-winner with Floyd Davis in 1941.


document_title: The Greatest Showman

question_text: who plays the general in the greatest showman

text: The Greatest Showman

text: Plot[edit]

text: P. T. Barnum and his troupe perform a show at the circus ("The Greatest Show"). In a flashback to Barnum's childhood where he and his father Philo, a tailor, work for the Hallett family, he becomes infatuated with their daughter, Charity. Though Charity is being sent to finishing school, Barnum reassures her they will not be separated. The two keep in touch through letters until they meet again in adulthood ("A Million Dreams"), eventually marrying and raising two daughters, Caroline and Helen, in New York City ("A Million Dreams" reprise). They live a humble life; though Charity is happy, Barnum dreams of more.

text: Barnum loses his job as a clerk at a shipping company after the company goes bankrupt. Taking a risky bet, he takes out a large loan from a bank, deceiving the bank into accepting his former employer's lost ships as collateral. He uses this loan to buy Barnum's American Museum in downtown Manhattan, an attraction showcasing various wax models. Initially, sales are slow; on the suggestion of his children to showcase something "alive", Barnum searches for "freaks" to serve as performers for his museum ("Come Alive"). This attracts a large audience despite protests and poor reviews, prompting Barnum to rename his venture "Barnum's Circus".

text: Searching for ways to further his reputation amongst the upper class, Barnum meets playwright Phillip Carlyle and convinces him to join his venture ("The Other Side"). Carlyle is enchanted with Anne Wheeler, an African-American trapeze artist, but he hides his feelings. During a trip Carlyle arranged for Barnum and his troupe to meet Queen Victoria, Barnum meets Jenny Lind, a famed Swedish singer, whom he convinces to perform in America, with him serving as her manager. Lind's first American performance is a rousing success ("Never Enough"). While Barnum gains favor with the aristocratic patrons, he begins to distance himself from his original troupe, refusing to socialize with them. Dejected, they decide to stand against their local harassers ("This Is Me").

text: Carlyle and Wheeler attend the theatre together one night, only to run into Carlyle's parents, who insult Wheeler's lowly status, causing her to leave. Carlyle chases her and tries to convince her that they can be together, but she rejects him despite her feelings towards him ("Rewrite the Stars"). As Barnum takes Lind on a US tour, Charity feels isolated from her husband as she stays home with their daughters ("Tightrope"). While on tour, Lind begins falling in love with Barnum, but when he refuses her advances, she calls off the tour and kisses him at the end of her last show, which is photographed by the press ("Never Enough" reprise). Barnum returns home to find his circus on fire, caused by a fight between the protesters and the troupe. Carlyle, who had tried to save Anne not knowing she had already escaped, is rescued by Barnum amid the chaos but suffers severe burns. Most of the sets and props are destroyed. Word of Lind's cancellation and Barnum's public intimacy also reaches New York, resulting in his mansion being foreclosed upon and Charity taking Caroline and Helen to her parents' home.

text: Depressed, Barnum retreats to a local pub, where his troupe find him there and explain that their own mothers were ashamed of them, and how unimpressed they are with him for giving up on them too, thinking that maybe he is a fraud, which causes him to realize the circus was for his friends and family rather than for himself. Meanwhile, the injured Carlyle wakes in a hospital with Wheeler by his side and they share a kiss ("From Now On").

text: Barnum leaves and finds his estranged wife, and they decide to mend their relationship. Faced with the financial difficulty of rebuilding the circus, the recovering Carlyle steps in, offering to use his earnings from his share of the circus's profits to rebuild it under the condition of becoming partners, which Barnum happily accepts. As rebuilding the circus in its original location would be too expensive, Barnum rebuilds it as an open-air tent circus by the docks. The revamped circus is a huge success, and Barnum gives full control of the show to Carlyle so he can focus on his family ("The Greatest Show" reprise).

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Hugh Jackman as P. T. Barnum, an ambitious showman and entrepreneur.

Ellis Rubin as Young P. T. Barnum

Ziv Zaifman provides Young P. T. Barnum's singing voice.

Zac Efron as Phillip Carlyle, a playwright who becomes Barnum's partner. His character is partly based on James Anthony Bailey.
Michelle Williams as Charity Hallett-Barnum, the wife of P.T. Barnum.

Skylar Dunn as Young Charity

Rebecca Ferguson as Jenny Lind, a famous Swedish singer known as the "Swedish Nightingale".

Loren Allred provides Lind's singing voice.[8][9]

Zendaya as Anne Wheeler, an acrobat, trapeze artist, W.D.'s younger sister and Phillip Carlyle's love interest. Her character is partly based on Ruth Louisa McCaddon.
Keala Settle as Lettie Lutz, a bearded lady. She is a composite character partly based on Josephine Clofullia and Annie Jones.
Yahya Abdul-Mateen II as W. D. Wheeler, an acrobat and Anne's brother.
Natasha Liu Bordizzo as Deng Yan, a Chinese blade-specialist.
Paul Sparks as James Gordon Bennett, the founder, editor and publisher of the New York Herald.
Sam Humphrey as Charles Stratton, a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name, General Tom Thumb.

James Babson provides Stratton's speaking and singing voice.

Austyn Johnson as Caroline Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Cameron Seely as Helen Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Eric Anderson as Mr. O'Malley, a former thief whom Barnum employs at his circus.
Daniel Everidge as The Lord of Leeds, The Huge Man.
Timothy Hughes as Strong Man
Jeremy Hudson as The Elephant-skinned Man
Caoife Coleman and Mishay Petronelli as the Albino Twins
Shannon Holtzapffel as Prince Constantine, The Tattooed Man.
Luciano Acuna Jr. as Fedor Jeftichew, The Dog Boy.
Danial Son and Yusaku Komori as Chang and Eng Bunker, The "Siamese Twins"
Jonathan Redavid as Frank Lentini, The Three-Legged Man.
Nick Jantz as Jeff Harris, The Juggler
Damian Young as Mr. Winthrop
Tina Benko as Mrs. Winthrop
Gayle Rankin as Queen Victoria.
Will Swenson as Philo Barnum, a tailor and the father of P. T. Barnum.
Fredric Lehne as Benjamin Hallett, father of Charity and abusive father-in-law of Barnum.
Kathryn Meisle as Hannah Hallett, mother of Charity and mother-in-law of Barnum.

text: Production[edit]

text: The project was first announced in 2009, with Jackman already set for the title role.[10] In August 2011, Michael Gracey was chosen to direct.[11] In 2013, Fox hired lyricists Pasek and Paul to write the songs.[12]

text: On June 15, 2016, Zac Efron began negotiations to star in the film,[13] and in July 2016, Michelle Williams was cast.[14][15][16][17] The film was choreographed by Ashley Wallen.[18]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Rehearsals on the film began in October 2016 in New York City, and principal photography began on November 22, 2016.[19][20]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: In December 2017, it was reported that James Mangold, who had worked with Jackman on several projects (including 2017's Logan), had been brought in to serve as an executive producer during the film's post-production. In an interview, director Michael Gracey noted, "There were eight producers on this film, and it was amazing having one of them be a filmmaker."[21]

text: Music[edit]

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul wrote nine songs.[22]

text:
"The Greatest Show" – Hugh Jackman, Keala Settle, Zac Efron, Zendaya
"A Million Dreams" – Ziv Zaifman, Jackman, Michelle Williams
"A Million Dreams" (Reprise) – Austyn Johnson, Cameron Seely, Jackman
"Come Alive" – Jackman, Settle, Daniel Everidge, Zendaya
"The Other Side" – Jackman & Efron
"Never Enough" – Loren Allred
"This Is Me" – Settle
"Rewrite the Stars" – Efron & Zendaya
"Tightrope" – Williams
"Never Enough" (Reprise) – Allred
"From Now On" – Jackman

tag: ol

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack album is produced by Greg Wells, Justin Paul, and Benj Pasek, featuring eleven tracks performed by the cast. In the United Kingdom it became only the second album in 30 years to achieve 11 consecutive weeks at number 1.[23] The Greatest Showman now draws level with Adele's 21 for the longest unbroken run at the UK summit in the last 30 years. The cast album is now at 465,000 combined units, according to the Official Charts Company, made up of 197,000 physical copies, 107,000 downloads and 35% streaming.[24]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Greatest Showman held its premiere on December 8, 2017, aboard the RMS Queen Mary 2, while it was docked in New York City. The film was then released in the United States on December 20, 2017.[25][26] Like Disney's live-action Beauty and the Beast, a sing-along version of the film was released in the United Kingdom on February 23, 2018.[27] The film had a limited IMAX release on February 2.

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On June 28, 2017, 20th Century Fox released the first international trailer to promote the film. On November 13, 2017, the second trailer was released.[28]

text: On December 17, 2017, Fox televised a live performance of "Come Alive" from Warner Bros. Studios during its live musical special A Christmas Story Live! (which was based on fellow Pasek and Paul work A Christmas Story: The Musical). The number featured the film's stars and a cast of 150 dancers.[29][30]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In the United States, the film was released via digital download on March 20, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray, DVD and 4K Ultra HD on April 10, 2018.[31] In the United Kingdom, the film was released first on digital download on April 27, 2018, while Blu-ray, 4K Ultra HD and DVD copies went on sale on May 14. These versions include the sing-along version, two hours of behind-the-scenes footage and music machine jukebox features.[32]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of May 22, 2018[update], The Greatest Showman has grossed $174 million in the United States and Canada, and $258.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $432.6 million, against a production budget of $84 million.[3] It is the fourth- and fifth-highest grossing musical ever in North America and globally, respectively, and Deadline Hollywood estimated the film should turn a profit between $50–100 million.[33]

text: In the United States and Canada, The Greatest Showman was released alongside Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle, and was projected to gross around $21 million from 3,006 theaters over its first six days.[34][35] It took in $2 million on its first day and $2 million on its second. Over the three day weekend, it grossed $9 million (for a six-day total of $19 million), finishing fourth at the box office, behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and Pitch Perfect 3.[36] In its second weekend, the film grossed $15.5 million, again finishing 4th at the box office.[37] The weekend-to-weekend increase of 76.3% marked the largest ever for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters, and the fourth biggest ever.[38][39] In its third week, the film dropped 11% to $14 million.[40]

text: The film made $13 million in its fourth weekend and $11 million in its fifth, finishing 4th and 5th at the box office, respectively.[41] The film continued to hold well in its sixth week of release, grossing $9.5 million and returning to 4th place,[42] and again finished fourth in its seventh week, this time grossing $7.8 million (a drop of just 18%).[43] It is the 13th highest-grossing film to never top the American box office.[44]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 56% based on 207 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Greatest Showman tries hard to dazzle the audience with a Barnum-style sense of wonder – but at the expense of its complex subject's far more intriguing real-life story."[45] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[46] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while it earned a 70% "definite recommend" from comScore.[36]

text: Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review, writing, "The Greatest Showman is a concoction, the kind of film where all the pieces click into place, yet at an hour and 45 minutes it flies by, and the link it draws between P.T. Barnum and the spirit of today is more than hype."[47] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3/4 stars, saying, "With all that corn and cheese and old-timey sentiment, The Greatest Showman ends up scoring some very timely social arguments. P.T. Barnum himself would have approved the dramatic sleight of hand."[48] Steve Persall of Tampa Bay Times gave the film an 'A', and said, "The Greatest Showman is the feel-good movie the holiday season needs,"[49] while William Bibbiani of IGN gave The Greatest Showman a score of 7.9/10, and called the film, "wildly entertaining."[50]

text: Britton Peele of The Dallas Morning News said, "The story is interesting and the beats are well-acted, but it's the musical numbers that make The Greatest Showman."[51] Jackie K Cooper of HuffPost gave the film a score of 10/10 and wrote, "You will be overwhelmed by the music and magic that explode on the screen. The film has a message that should resonate with today's world concerning acceptance and courage."[52] Hugh Armitage of Digital Spy said, "The Greatest Showman is a broad and solid crowd-pleaser. An undemanding spectacle for all the family."[53] Alan Jones of Radio Times called it "A joyously uplifting potpourii of visual resplendence, stylish choreography and solid gold magic, one engineered to approximate the lavish spectacle the movie musical once offered."[54]

text: Sheila O'Malley of RogerEbert.com gave it 3.5/4, stating "The Greatest Showman is an unabashed piece of pure entertainment punctuated by memorable songs."[55] Douglas Davidson of CLTure called the film, "An undeniable spectacle with a infectious soundtrack, a movie that dazzles and delights."[56] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film a 3/4 score, and said, "The film has show-stopping well-choreographed numbers with catchy tunes,"[57] and Calvin Wilson of St. Louis Post-Dispatch called the film "highly enjoyable."[58]

text: Carl Kozlowski of Pasadena Weekly gave the film an 'A', calling it "Groundbreaking & grandly innovative."[59] Sean P. Means of The Salt Lake Tribune gave The Greatest Showman 3.5/4 stars, stating, "A strong cast give emotional power to this romanticized, tune-filled biography."[60] Manuela Lazic of Little White Lies gave it 4/5, saying, "The Greatest Showman deserves to become a Christmas classic. The film's severe romanticism and ridiculous but affecting enthusiasm make it irresistibly life-affirming."[61] Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and called it, "A fantasia of song and dance, a joyous exercise in pure entertainment that is made for the holiday crowd."[62]

text: Conversely, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film a negative review, criticizing the songs and characters and saying "There's idiotic, and there's magnificent, but The Greatest Showman is that special thing that happens sometimes. It's magnificently idiotic. It's an awful mess, but it's flashy. The temptation is to cover your face and watch it through your fingers, because it's so earnest and embarrassing and misguided – and yet it's well-made."[63] In a negative review for The Hollywood Reporter, David Rooney wrote "This ersatz portrait of American big-top tent impresario P.T. Barnum is all smoke and mirrors, no substance. It hammers pedestrian themes of family, friendship and inclusivity while neglecting the fundaments of character and story."[64]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, saying, "How do you cast a virtuoso Hugh Jackman as P.T. Barnum, spare no expense in production values, add a score by Oscar and Tony winners Benj Pasek and Justin Paul and still end up with the shrill blast of nothing that is The Greatest Showman? Ask first-time director Michael Gracey, who cut his teeth on commercials and music videos without ever mastering the crucial knack of building snippets of musical comedy and drama into a satisfying whole."[65] Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the film's failures "are rooted in something deeper: a dispiriting lack of faith in the audience's intelligence, and a dawning awareness of its own aesthetic hypocrisy. You've rarely seen a more straight-laced musical about the joys of letting your freak flag fly."[66]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)

AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards
February 5, 2018
Best Grownup Love Story
The Greatest Showman
Won
[67][68]

Academy Awards
March 4, 2018
Best Original Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[69][70]

Casting Society of America
January 18, 2018
Big Budget – Comedy
Bernard Telsey, Tiffany Little Canfield, Rori Bergman and Patrick Goodwin
Won
[71]

Costume Designers Guild
February 20, 2018
Excellence in Period Film
Ellen Mirojnick
Nominated
[72]

Critics' Choice Movie Awards
January 11, 2018
Best Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[73]

Dorian Awards
February 24, 2018
Campy Flick of the Year
The Greatest Showman
Nominated
[74]
[75]

Empire Awards
March 18, 2018
Best Costume Design
The Greatest Showman
Nominated
[76]
[77]

Best Make-up And Hairstyling
The Greatest Showman
Nominated

Georgia Film Critics Association
January 12, 2018
Best Original Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[78]

Golden Globe Awards
January 7, 2018
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Hugh Jackman
Nominated
[79]

Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
The Greatest Showman
Nominated

Best Original Song – Motion Picture
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Won

Golden Reel Awards
February 18, 2018
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Musical
Jen Monnar, Jim Harrison, Jeff Carson, Peter Myles and Sheri Ozeki
Won
[80]

Guild of Music Supervisors Awards
February 8, 2018
Best Music Supervision for Film: Budgeted Over 25 Million Dollars
Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[81]

Best Song/Recording Created for a Film
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated

Heartland Film Festival
December 31, 2017
Truly Moving Picture Award
Michael Gracey
Won
[82]

Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild
February 24, 2018
Feature Motion Picture: Best Period and/or Character Makeup
Nicki Ledermann, Tania Ribalow and Sunday Englis
Nominated
[83]

Saturn Awards
June 2018
Best Action or Adventure Film
The Greatest Showman
Pending
[84]

Best Costume Design
Ellen Mirojnick
Pending

Best Music
John Debney and Joseph Trapanese
Pending


document_title: Primark

question_text: where was the first primark store in england

text: Primark

text: History[edit]

text: Success in Ireland led to expansion to the United Kingdom, and Penneys opened a large store in Belfast City Centre in 1971 and one in Derby, England, in 1973.[10] The company could not use the name "Penneys" in Europe outside Ireland because J. C. Penney had the name registered.[11] The name "Primark" was then invented to use outside Ireland.[4]

text: Primark opened its current international headquarters in 2015 in a redeveloped Dublin building, Arthur Ryan House, formerly Chapel House.[6][12][13][3]

text: On 28 August 2018, a fire started on the roof of a Primark store in Belfast, destroying the whole building and emitting plumes of thick, black smoke over the city. The building was a former bank with historical value that had been renovated previously.[14]

text: Products[edit]

text: Primark offer a diverse range of products, including newborn and children's clothing, women's wear, men's wear, home ware, accessories, footwear, beauty products and confectionery. Starting in 2014, Primark welcomed Sephora products which are being sold starting at £1.[15] Primark starting selling vegan snacks as of January 2018.[16] The company sells clothes at the low cost end of the market below average prices. Along with retailers such as Zara and H&M, Primark contributes to the contemporary fast fashion trend. According to an article about Primark in The Economist, "For many shoppers, Primark has an irresistible offer: amazing trendy  clothes at amazingly low prices. The result is a new and even faster kind of fast fashion, which forces consumers to buy heaps of items sometimes even the same ones to use when the first ones worn out, discard them after a few wears and then come back for another batch of new outfits."[17]

text: Stores[edit]

text: Primark owns over 350 stores.[2] The largest Primark store is located on Market Street, Manchester, England, occupying 155,000 sq ft (14,400 m2) of retail space across three floors. A brand new, larger store is however being opened in Birmingham later in 2018. The company expanded rapidly in the UK in the mid-2000s. In 2005, they bought the Littlewoods retail stores for £409m, retaining 40 of the 119 stores and selling the rest.[18] In May 2006, the first Primark store outside Ireland and the United Kingdom opened in Madrid, Spain. After 10 years of constructing a chain around 40 stores in Spain, Primark opened another store in Madrid in October 2015, the second biggest in the chain.[19] In December 2008, Primark opened in the Netherlands, followed by Portugal, Germany and Belgium in 2009. Primark opened its first store in Austria on 27 September 2012 in Innsbruck. It expanded to France in 2013, in Marseille.[20] The first Italian store opened in 2014.[21] In 2015, Primark opened its first  United States store in Downtown Crossing, Boston, in the location that was once the flagship store of Filene's,[22] later NYC, Philadelphia, and Danbury.[2] In July 2018, it was revealed that Primark was entering Poland[23]. On 28 August 2018, fire seriously damaged or destroyed the listed Belfast store as it came close to the end of a major redevelopment.[24] The Belfast store is at risk of collapse, and the extent of damage is uncertain.[25]

text: Primark operates stores in the following countries:[2]

text:
Country

hideNumber of stores

 United Kingdom

189

 Spain

47

 Ireland

37

 Germany

28

 Netherlands

19

 France

14

 Portugal

10

 United States

9

 Belgium

6

 Austria

5

 Italy

4

Total

362

text: † The Belfast City Centre Primark is currently closed due to fire.

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Working practices[edit]

text: In 2006, Primark joined the Ethical Trading Initiative, a collaborative organisation bringing together businesses, trades unions and NGOs to work on labour rights issues in their supply chains.[26] ETI members commit to working towards the implementation of a code of conduct based on the International Labour Organization's core conventions.

text: In December 2008, the UK charity War on Want launched a new report, Fashion Victims II, that showed conditions had not improved in Bangladeshi factories supplying Primark, two years after the charity first visited them.[27]

text: On 9 January 2009, a supplier was forced by ETI to remove its branding from Primark stores and websites following a BBC/The Observer investigation into the employment practices. The investigation alleged use of illegal immigrant labour and argued that the workers were paid less than the UK legal minimum wage.[28]

text: On 16 June 2011, the BBC Trust's Editorial Standards Committee (ESC) published its findings into a Panorama programme[29] 'Primark: On the Rack', broadcast in June 2008. The programme was an undercover investigative documentary examining poor working conditions in Indian factories supplying Primark. Although Primark subsequently stopped doing business with the Indian supplier, the ESC concluded that footage in the programme was 'more likely than not' to have been fabricated.[30] The ESC directed the BBC to make an on-air apology and to ensure that the programme was not repeated or sold to other broadcasters.  Primark created a specific website to deal with the issues around the programme.[31]

text: In 2011 and 2012, Primark achieved ‘Leader’ status in the Ethical Trading Initiative (ETI).[32]

text: Building collapse at Savar[edit]

text: On 24 April 2013, the eight-story Rana Plaza commercial building collapsed in Savar, a sub-district near Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. At least 1,127 people died and over 2,438 were injured.[33] The factory housed a number of separate garment factories employing around 5,000 people, several shops, and a bank,[34] and manufactured apparel for brands including the Benetton Group, Joe Fresh,[35] The Children's Place, Primark, Monsoon, and DressBarn.[36][37]  Primark paid compensation and emergency aid to the victims of the collapse,[10] a move which was welcomed by Oxfam,[38] and committed to review the structural integrity of buildings making its clothes.[39]

text: Of the 29 brands identified as having sourced products from the Rana Plaza factories, only nine attended meetings held in November 2013 to agree a proposal on compensation to the victims. Several companies refused to sign, including Walmart, Carrefour, Mango, Auchan and Kik. The agreement was signed by Primark, Loblaw, Bonmarché and El Corte Inglés.[40][41]

text: SOS messages[edit]

text: In June 2014, two labels both stitched with SOS messages were separately found in Swansea purchased garments.[42] Primark argued the supply chain showed these label messages were a hoax.[43][44]

text: Also in June 2014, a customer from Ireland found an SOS note wrapped in a prison ID card in the pocket of trousers purchased from a Primark store several years earlier.[45][46] The letter was written in Chinese and alleged that prisoners were forced to work "like oxen" making fashion clothes for export for 15 hours per day, and the food they were given wouldn't be fit for dogs or pigs.[47]

text: A year and a half later an SOS note from an alleged Chinese torture victim was found in socks purchased from Primark.[48]


document_title: Laura Horton

question_text: who played laura horton on days of our lives

text: Laura Horton

text:
Laura Horton
Jaime Lyn Bauer as Laura HortonDays of Our Lives characterPortrayed by

Floy Dean (1966)
Susan Flannery (1966–75)
Susan Oliver (1975–76)
Rosemary Forsyth (1976–80)
Jaime Lyn Bauer (1993–2018)
Duration

1966–80
1993–99
2003
2010
2013
2016
2018
First appearance
June 30, 1966Last appearance
May 30, 2018Created by
Peggy PhillipsIntroduced by

Ted Corday (1966)
Ken Corday and Tom Langan (1993)
Classification
Former; guestProfileOther names
Laura SpencerMonica (at the Meadows)Occupation
PsychiatristResidence
Presumably Africa
Susan Flannery as Laura Horton (pictured with MacDonald Carey as Tom Horton)
showFamilyParents
James SpencerCarrie SpencerSpouse
Mickey Horton (1967–74)Bill Horton (1975–93)Children
Mike HortonJennifer HortonGrandchildren
Jeremy Horton Abigail Deveraux JJ Deveraux

text: Laura Horton is a fictional character from the NBC soap opera, Days of Our Lives, a long-running serial drama about working class life in the fictional, United States town of Salem.[1] Created by writer Peggy Phillips, the role was originated by actress Floy Dean on June 30, 1966 till October 21, 1966.[2][3] Susan Flannery stepped into the role from November 22, 1966 to May 27, 1975.[4][5] Susan Oliver briefly stepped into the role from October 10, 1975, to June 9, 1976,[6] followed by Rosemary Forsyth from August 24, 1976, to March 25, 1980. Jaime Lyn Bauer assumed the role on November 12, 1993, and remained until July 7, 1999. Laura briefly returned to Salem in 2003 for her daughter, Jennifer Horton's, wedding to Jack Deveraux.[7]

text: Laura's storylines focus on family troubles. She is a member of the series' Horton family. Laura's marriage to Mickey Horton was a big part of the characters' history. She was also married to another Horton, Bill. Laura went through a period where she appeared to be going insane, but was being brainwashed by Vivian Alamain. Bauer's last episode aired on July 7, 1999, but she returned on May 26 to 27, 2003, and again from June 15 to 28, 2010, and April 10 and 11, 2013.[7]

text: In March 2016, it was revealed that Bauer would be returning to the show for at least three episodes airing in September. Bauer returned on September 2. She also returned on May 30 2018 for one episode. [8][9][10]

text: Storylines[edit]

text: Laura Spencer arrives in Salem as a young psychiatric intern at the Salem University Hospital. She immediately catches the eye of Bill Horton, and the two become engaged. Bill calls off the wedding when he learns he can't be a surgeon, due to tuberculosis in his hand. Laura briefly dates Marie Horton's ex fiance, Tony Merrit, however nothing serious develops between the two. Laura is in love with both Bill and Tony. Tony, however, recovers his relationship with Marie and, to cope, Laura dives deep into her work.

text: In the summer of 1967, Laura is assigned to evaluate Susan Martin's state of mind for the courts when Susan stands trial for killing her husband, David. In the process, Laura spends many hours with lawyer, Mickey Horton. They fall in love and marry in 1968. Later that year, Laura is raped by her ex-lover, and Mickey's brother, Bill Horton.[11] The following day, Bill is unable to remember raping Laura. Soon after, Laura learns she is pregnant and, when her father in law, Tom Horton, discovers a paternity test, things become more complicated. Tom learns that Mickey is sterile and that the baby is Bill's. Laura gives birth prematurely to a healthy baby boy named, Mike.

text: In 1970, Laura and Mickey's marriage begins to fall apart and they separate for a time, but eventually work things out by the end of the year. However, by 1971, Mickey and Laura again have troubles after his affair with Linda Patterson is made public. Laura and Mickey agree to remain married and try to make things work for Mike's sake.[11]

text: In 1972, Bill and Laura begin to fall in love when Laura learns the true reason Bill went to jail. Laura plans to divorce Mickey and marry Bill but, when the two were overheard talking by Mike, he assumes they were having an affair, running out into the street and being hit by a car. Mike survives, and Laura realizes she cannot abandon her husband and child.[11]

text: In 1973, Mickey suffers a heart attack after Mike lashes out at him for the pain he caused Laura by having an affair with his secretary. Mickey is rushed to surgery and survives the operation performed by Bill. Though he survives the operation, Mickey suffers a stroke which erases his memory. Mickey sneaks out of the hospital and leaves Salem. With Mickey out of the way, Laura is free to love Bill, however, her marriage to Mickey is still an obstacle for Mickey cannot be declared legally dead for seven years. Fate intervenes and, when Mickey is discovered to be alive, he grants Laura a divorce so he can remain with Maggie Simmons.

text: On December 4, 1975, Bill and Laura are married. Two months later, on February 6, 1976, Laura gives birth to their daughter, Jennifer Horton.[11] However, Laura falls into a deep depression, but seems to overcome it with the help of Dr. Marlena Evans. Laura remains sick and begins to sink deeper and deeper into depression when she learns Bill had an affair with a co worker, Dr. Kate Winograd. Soon, Laura begins to hear voices and sees visions of her dead mother who had committed suicide. Eventually, Laura succumbs to the mental illness and tries to hang herself. Bill finds Laura in time, but she had already slipped out of reality. Laura is admitted to Lakewood Sanitarium where she spends the next 17 years of her life.

text: In 1993, Kate Roberts begins to pay Laura visits at Pine Haven Sanitarium, where Laura has been transferred.[12] Laura is very aware of what is going on around her, but remains in an apparent catatonic state because the crooked sanitarium workers are keeping her drugged in order to milk the Horton family of money. When Vivian Alamain is sent to the same sanitarium Laura is in, Vivian takes an interest in her. Laura realizes that Vivian is her ticket out.[12] Laura is released and slowly regains her life as she knew it.

text: During the mid to late 1990's Laura was mostly known for her close friendship with Marlena, and her dislike for Marlena's rival Kristen Blake. During John and Kristen's relationship, Laura tried several times to convince John and Marlena that they belonged together, despite the fact that John was in a relationship with Kristen. In late 1996, Peter Blake is shot by Jack Deveraux, and Jack is then arrested for Peter's murder. However, Laura discovers that Peter is alive after seeing him in town, and Laura is then kidnapped by Stefano DiMera. Stefano then performs laser surgery on Laura's brain in order to erase her short-term memory. The surgery seems to have worked, however, Laura slowly begins to get her memories back and then convinces Marlena that Peter is in fact alive. Laura then, with the help of Marlena and Mike, begin to try and figure out where Peter is in order to exonerate Jack for Peter's murder. After discovering that Peter is alive, Laura, Mike, and Marlena also discover that it was Stefano and Kristen who kept Peter's whereabouts a secret. Then in 1997, Marlena is kidnapped by Kristen and held captive in a "secret room". Laura discovers this, after overhearing Kristen communicate with her via a two-way radio, and tries desperately to convince John, Abe, Mike, and Jennifer that Marlena is being held captive by Kristen in the DiMera mansion. After John, Mike, and Abe attempt numerous searches in and around the DiMera house, they are convinced that Laura's schizophrenia is returning. Jennifer, along with her brother Mike, try to convince Laura to seek treatment, but Laura is adamant that there's nothing wrong with her and that Kristen and Stefano are in fact keeping Marlena captive inside the DiMera mansion. Soon after, Kristen gets herself locked in the same "secret room" that Marlena's in by Susan Banks, who had also discovered that Kristen had kidnapped Marlena. Susan, who now has seeming fallen madly in love with John as well, decides not to release Marlena from the secret room, but rather to keep her in there with Kristen. Susan then goes about pretending to be Kristen in order to marry John. On the day of John and Kristen's wedding, Laura snaps and decides to confront and attack Kristen (Not knowing that it is actually Susan). Whilst attacking "Kristen", Susan's false teeth falls out and lands in Vivian's martini, the truth is revealed and everyone, including Laura, realize that it's Susan pretending to be Kristen. Susan then tells John the truth about where Marlena and Kristen are, and John goes down to the cellar (to the secret room) and rescues both Marlena and Kristen. After being rescued, Kristen is adamant that the wedding should continue immediately, but is stopped by Marelna and Laura who expose all of Kristen lies in front of all of the wedding guests. In 1998, Laura is accused of murdering Kristen. But it was later revealed that the body was actually Susan Banks' sister Penelope Kent, and the killer was Susan's husband Edmund Crumb. Laura was then exonerated for the murder, however, her friendship with Marlena is in trouble because Marlena did not believe that Laura was innocent. After some time, Laura and Marlena reconcile, and their friendship is restored.

text: Laura returns in 2003 for the wedding of her daughter and again in June 2010, along with her ex-husband, Bill Horton, after receiving news that Alice Horton was extremely ill. Along with many other family members, she was reunited with her daughter, Jennifer, and reminisced about the wonderful times they shared with Alice. Laura was not happy when she caught Bill talking to Kate at the Horton house, which showed she was still not over their past together. Bill reminded Laura that Alice didn't judge and would have welcomed Kate's visit. Several days later, she received news from Maggie Horton that Alice died in her sleep. In April 2013, Jennifer goes to visit Laura after having relationship problems in Salem.