document_title: Phineas and Ferb

question_text: what is the tri state area in phineas and ferb

text: Phineas and Ferb

text: Plot

text: The show follows the adventures of stepbrothers Phineas Flynn (Vincent Martella) and Ferb Fletcher (Thomas Sangster), who live in the fictional city of Danville, in a (never specified) Tri-State area, as they seek ways to occupy their time during their summer vacation. Often these adventures involve elaborate, life-sized and ostensibly dangerous construction projects.  Phineas's older sister, Candace Flynn (Ashley Tisdale), has two obsessions: "busting" Phineas and Ferb's schemes and ideas, and winning the attention of a boy named Jeremy (Mitchel Musso).[2] Meanwhile, the boys' pet platypus, Perry, acts as a secret agent for an all-animal government organization[13][14] called the O.W.C.A. ("Organization Without a Cool Acronym"), fighting Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz.[15]

text: Much of the series' humor relies on running gags used in almost every episode, with slight variation.[16] Most episodes follow a pattern:

text:
Some incident gives Phineas an idea for a project, and he announces, "Hey Ferb, I know what we're gonna do today!"
Meanwhile, Perry slips away, using one of many hidden tunnels, to a secret underground base. Phineas (or occasionally another character) remarks, "Hey, where's Perry?"
Major Monogram briefs Perry (whom he calls "Agent P") on his mission; this sometimes amounts to nothing more than "Doctor Doofenshmirtz is up to something; find out what it is, and put a stop to it!"
Candace sees what the boys are doing, and resolves to tell her Mom to "bust them".
Perry breaks into the skyscraper office of Doofenshmirtz Evil Inc. (complete with its own easy listening jingle, and variations depending on location and time). Doofenshmirtz traps Perry and explains his current evil plan. Perry escapes the trap and they battle.
Phineas and Ferb complete their project.
Mom gets home and Candace thinks that, at last, Mom will see what the boys have been up to and believe her. But just as Mom is about to step into the back yard, all evidence vanishes, usually as a side effect of Doofenshmirtz's device.[15][16]
Doofenshmirtz, foiled again, cries out, "Curse you, Perry the Platypus!"

text: Other running gags:

text:
An adult asks Phineas if he is rather young to be performing some complex activities; he responds, "Yes, yes, I am". This is often parodied.
Doofenshmirtz's names for his contraptions all have the same suffix, "-inator", as in Shrinkinator, Giant Dog Biscuit-inator, "Eradicate Rodney's -Inator", etc.[1] Eventually he starts calling them "inators" as a generic term.
Doofenshmirtz has a daughter, Vanessa, who generally finds his work boring, but sometimes tries to prove to her mother that he is evil. Like Candace, she always fails.
Ferb rarely speaks more than once in an episode.
Garden gnomes are often seen or used as plot points.
Isabella, who has a crush on Phineas, comes into the backyard and asks, "Whatcha doin'?" in a distinctive singsong tone.
She doesn't like it when other characters (besides Phineas) say that line. For example, in "Suddenly Suzy", after both Suzy and Candace speak that line, Isabella grumbles "Uh, hello!?" and "Do I even need to be here?", respectively.

text: Aspects of the show's humor are aimed at adults,[17] including its frequent pop-cultural references.[18] Co-creator Dan Povenmire, who had previously worked on Family Guy, sought to create a less raunchy show that would make similar use of comic timing, metahumor, humorous blank stares, wordplay and breaking the fourth wall.[19] Povenmire describes the show as a combination of Family Guy and SpongeBob SquarePants.[20] Jeff "Swampy" Marsh, the other co-creator, said the show was not created just for kids; he simply did not exclude them as an audience.[17]

text: Episodes

text: SeasonSegmentsEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired14726August 17, 2007February 18, 200926539February 19, 2009February 11, 201136235March 4, 2011November 30, 201244833December 7, 2012June 12, 2015Television FilmAugust 5, 2011O.W.C.A. FilesNovember 9, 2015

text: Characters

text: The series' main characters live in a blended family, a premise the creators considered underused in children's programming and which reflected Marsh's own upbringing. Marsh considers explaining the family background "not important to the kids' lives. They are a great blended family and that's all we need to know."[22] The choice of a platypus as the boys' pet was similarly inspired by media underuse, as well as to exploit the animal's striking appearance.[21] The platypus also gives them freedom to "make stuff up" since "no one knows very much about them."[22] An additional reason for choosing a platypus allowed them to own that "mental real estate", so that if a person thinks "platypus", they'll associate it with "Agent P", just as an ogre is now commonly associated with Shrek.[23]

text: Marsh called the characters "cool, edgy and clever without [...] being mean-spirited." Animation director Rob Hughes is said to have noted that "in all the other shows every character is either stupid or a jerk, but there are no stupid characters or jerks in this one."[2]

text: Music

text:
"Every episode since [Flop Starz] has a song in it. It's not always the characters singing onscreen – they don't break into song just to advance the plot. The music doesn't come out of nowhere, sometimes it's just a montage over action. We've done every genre known to man: ABBA, Broadway show tunes, 16th-century madrigals"

Dan Povenmire on the songs.[2]

tag: div

text: Phineas and Ferb follows structural conventions Povenmire and Marsh developed while writing Rocko's Modern Life, whereby each episode features "a song or a musical number, plus a big action/chase scene".[2] Both creators had musical backgrounds, as Povenmire performed rock and roll in his college years[24] and Marsh's grandfather was the bandleader Les Brown.[17]

text: The creators' original pitch to Disney emphasized Perry's signature "secret agent theme" and the song "Gitchee Gitchee Goo" from the episode "Flop Starz". Disney's managers enjoyed the songs and asked Povenmire and Marsh to write one for each episode.[2]

text: The songs span many genres, from 16th-century madrigals to Broadway show tunes.[2] Each is written in an intensive session during episode production: a concept, score, and lyrics are developed quite quickly.[3] Together, Marsh and Povenmire can "write a song about almost anything" and in only one hour at most.[22] After they finish writing the song, Povenmire and Marsh sing it over the answering machine of series composer Danny Jacob on Friday nights. By the following Monday, the song is fully produced.[25]

text: The title sequence music, originally named 'Today Is Gonna Be a Great Day' and performed by the American group Bowling for Soup,[15] was nominated for an Emmy award in 2008.[4] The creators originally wrote a slower number, more like a "classic Disney song", but the network felt changes were needed to appeal to modern children and commissioned a rock version which made the final cut.[12]

text: A season 2 clip show broadcast in October 2009 focused on the music of Phineas and Ferb, featuring a viewer-voted top-10 of songs from the series; the end result was the "Phineas and Ferb's Musical Cliptastic Countdown."[26]

text: This clip show had a sequel, called the "Phineas and Ferb Musical Cliptastic Countdown Hosted by Kelly Osbourne". Kelly Osbourne hosted the special in live form, while Dr. Doofenshmirtz and Major Monogram were animated. It aired on June 28, 2013.[27]

text: Origins

text: Early inspirations

text: Dan Povenmire attributes the show's genesis to growing up in Mobile, Alabama, where his mother told him never to waste a day of summer. To occupy himself, Povenmire undertook projects such as hole-digging and home movie-making. Povenmire recalled, "My mom let me drape black material all the way across one end of our living room to use as a space field. I would hang little models of spaceships for these little movies I made with a Super 8 camera."[1][12][28] He was an artistic prodigy and displayed his very detailed drawings at art shows.[24] Meanwhile, Marsh grew up in a large, blended family.[17] As with Povenmire, Marsh spent his summers exploring and taking part in several activities in order to have fun.[2]

text: Conception

text: While attending the University of Southern California, Povenmire started a daily comic strip called Life Is a Fish, and received money from the merchandise that was designed based on his series. Povenmire eventually dropped out and started drawing people on street corners to make a living, until he was finally called by Tommy Chong to work on a short bit of animation in the film Far Out Man. Povenmire began to take up animation professionally, working on shows such as Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.[24] Marsh had become a vice president of sales and marketing for a computer company, until he "freaked out" and decided to quit. His friend helped him put together a portfolio and go into the animation business.[17]

text: Povenmire and Marsh eventually started working across from each other as layout artists on The Simpsons. The two bonded over mutual tastes in humor and music, becoming fast friends. They continued their working relationship as a writing team on the Nickelodeon series Rocko's Modern Life,[1] where they conceived the idea for their own series.[1] While eating dinner at a Wild Thyme restaurant in South Pasadena, California, Povenmire drew a quick sketch of a "triangle kid" on butcher paper.[19] He tore it out and called Marsh that night to report, "Hey, I think we have our show."[21]

text: The triangle doodle sparked rapid development of characters and designs.[19] Povenmire decided that his sketch "looked like a Phineas", and named Ferb after a friend who "owns more tools than anyone in the world."[29] The creators based their character designs on angular shapes in homage to MGM/Warner Bros. animator/director Tex Avery, adding geometric shapes to the backgrounds for continuity.[19]

text: Pitching and pickup

text: Their early attempts to pitch the show failed and, though they remained committed to the concept, Povenmire and Marsh began to drift apart after their work on Rocko's. Marsh moved to London and worked on shows including Postman Pat and Bounty Hamster. Povenmire began working on the primetime Fox series Family Guy,[1] as well as Nickelodeon series SpongeBob SquarePants, always carrying a Phineas and Ferb portfolio[21] for convenient pitching to networks like Cartoon Network and Fox Kids. These networks passed on the show, believing the series' premise was too complex to succeed.[1]

text: Povenmire persisted and later pitched the series to Nickelodeon, where it was considered by high-level executives but rejected again as too complicated.[1] Then, after 16 years of trying, Povenmire landed a pitch with Disney. The network did not immediately accept the show, but told Povenmire they would keep the packet. Povenmire assumed this meant an end to negotiations, aware that the phrase usually "means they throw it in the trash later." Disney then surprised him by accepting.[24] Said Povenmire, "Disney was the first to say, 'Let's see if you can do it in 11 minutes.' We did it in the pilot and they said, 'Let's see if you can do it for 26 episodes.'"[2]

text: Povenmire was initially worried that his work on Family Guy (an adult show known for its lowbrow humor) would concern Disney, which markets primarily towards families. However, the Disney Channel's Senior Vice President of Original Series, Adam Bonnett, was a Family Guy fan who appreciated Povenmire's connection to the show and received his pitch well.[2]

text: In 2006, after the Disney Channel accepted the show, Povenmire and Marsh turned their attention to the company's overseas executives. Instead of a normal script, the two drew out storyboards and played them in a reel. Povenmire voiced over the reel with his dialogue and added sound effects. This novel approach secured the executives' support.[12]

text: Production

text: Writing style

text: The show uses four major writers to devise story ideas according to "strict guidelines", such as that the boys' schemes never appear to be "magical." Stories are reviewed at weekly sessions on a Monday, then simultaneously scripted and storyboarded. A very rough design is built before the storyboard, featuring little more than suggested scenes and dialogue, is drafted; the writers then gather for a "play-by-play" walkthrough of the storyboard in front of the whole crew, whose reactions to the jokes are assessed before rewrites are made.[30] The writers as well include running gags in every episode, which are generally lines spoken by characters.[1][31] Almost every episode is set into two eleven-minute segments.[32]

text: Visual aspects and animation

text: Rough Draft Studios in South Korea, Wang Film Productions in Taiwan, and Synergy Animation and Hong Ying Animation in Shanghai animate the series in 2D Animation using the software packages Toon Boom.[33] Povenmire undertakes the bulk of production direction, along with Zac Moncrief and Robert Hughes.[34] The series adopts artistic features from animator Tex Avery, such as geometric shapes integrated into characters, objects, and backgrounds. Dan Povenmire said of this inclusion, "There's a little bit of Tex Avery in there-he had that very graphic style [in his later cartoons]."[19] Triangles are featured as an easter egg in the background of every episode, sometimes in trees or buildings.[17]

text: Bright colors are also a prominent element of the animation. Marsh elaborates, "The idea at the end of the day was candy. One of the things that I think works so well is that the characters are so bright and candy-colored and our backgrounds are a much more realistic depiction of the world: the soft green of the grass, the natural woods for the fence. In order for all the stuff that they do to work, their world needs to be grounded in reality." The designers sought to keep their characters visually simple, so that kids "would easily be able to draw [them] themselves." Characters were also crafted to be recognizable from a distance, a technique the creators say is based on Matt Groening's goal of making characters recognizable by silhouette.[17]

text: Cast

text: Phineas and Ferb are voiced by Vincent Martella and Thomas Sangster, respectively.[35] Sangster was one of many British actors cast; Marsh lived in the United Kingdom for seven years, and developed a fondness for the British.[36] The rest of the cast includes Ashley Tisdale as their sister, Candace; Bobby Gaylor as Buford van Stomm, who has a tendency to bully but is kept distracted by being included in the adventures; Maulik Pancholy as Baljeet Tjinder, a very intelligent boy who would be Buford's main victim but who is almost friends with him due to the adventures; Dee Bradley Baker as Perry the Platypus and just plain Perry, as Phineas calls him; Caroline Rhea as Linda Flynn-Fletcher, who is Phineas and Candace's mother, and stepmother to Ferb;[35] Jack McBrayer as Irving who admires Phineas and Ferb, and creator of the Phineas and Ferb Fansite; Kelly Hu as Candace's best friend, Stacy;[36] creators Dan Povenmire as Dr. Doofenshmirtz and Jeff "Swampy" Marsh as Major Monogram, respectively; Olivia Olson as Dr. Doofenshmirtz's not-really-evil daughter Vanessa; Tyler Mann as Carl, Major Monogram's goofy super genius intern; Alyson Stoner as Isabella Garcia-Shapiro, a sweet girl who leads the Fireside Girls and has a crush on Phineas (it is revealed that Isabella's family is "Mexican Jewish" and lives across the street from the Flynn-Fletchers); Mitchel Musso as Jeremy, Candace's crush then later her boyfriend. Madison Pettis also stars as Adyson Sweetwater;

text: The show's casting organization is responsible for selecting most of the voice actors and actresses, choosing actors such as Vincent Martella and Mitchel Musso for major roles based on perceived popularity with target demographics. Povenmire and Marsh select guest stars, casting people that they "really want to work with". They also solicit guest roles from actors they feel would lend an interesting presence to the show.[29]

text: Guest stars have included pop culture figures like Damian Lewis, boxer Evander Holyfield, film stars Cloris Leachman and Ben Stiller, and pop singer Kelly Clarkson. Povenmire and Marsh have also solicited Tim Curry and Barry Bostwick, stars of The Rocky Horror Picture Show, to make guest appearances, while creator Richard O'Brien voices Lawrence, Ferb's father and Candace and Phineas's stepfather. O'Brien's participation eventually became regular, as he was cast to play Lawrence Fletcher, the children's father, who appears in about half of the episodes in the show.[37] Top Gear stars Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond, and James May all guest starred in a race-car themed episode as commentators.[38] Other guest stars include Tina Fey, Seth MacFarlane, David Mitchell, Jaret Reddick, Clay Aiken, Chaka Khan, and Kevin Smith.[37][39]

text: Reception and achievements

text: Reviews

text: The show has received generally positive reviews. The New York Times commented favorably, describing the show as "Family Guy with an espionage subplot and a big dose of magical realism". It considered the pop-culture references ubiquitous "but [placed] with such skill that it seems smart, not cheap."[18] Whitney Matheson wrote in her USA Today blog "Pop Candy" that the series was an achievement in children's programming. Matheson applauded the writing and called it "an animated version of Parker Lewis Can't Lose."[40] Emily Ashby of Common Sense Media praised the show's humor and plot, giving it four out of five stars.[41] The Seattle Times wrote that the story of the show was "valiant" and that the main characters of Phineas and Ferb were "young heroes".[42]

text: Variety noted the show's appeal to all ages with its "sense of wit and irreverence."[43] Similar reviews have emphasized the series' popularity with adults; Elastic Pops Rebecca Wright wrote, in a review for the volume one DVD, "As an adult, I really enjoyed watching this Phineas and Ferb DVD, and I think it is one that the whole family can enjoy." Wright also called the series' "irreverent style" reminiscent of The Adventures of Rocky and Bullwinkle.[44] Wired's Matt Blum has stated in reviews on the series that he "can stand to watch just about anything with (his) kids, but he actually looks forward to watching Phineas and Ferb with them."[16] Notable adult celebrities who have openly considered themselves fans of the series include Bob Eubanks, Anthony LaPaglia, Ben Stiller, Chaka Khan, Jeff Sullivan and Jake Gyllenhaal.[7][45][46]

text: Among the negative reviews is one that charges the series with a lack of originality. Maxie Zeus of Toon Zone argued that the show is "derivative, but obviously so, and shorn of even the best features of what has been stolen." Zeus took issue with the writing, feeling that certain jokes and conventions were "ripped-off" from other shows.[47] Kevin McDonough of Sun Coast Today criticized the show for its plot complexity, constant action, and "characters [that] can do just about anything." McDonough stated that "it's never clear whether P&F are intended to entertain children or are merely a reflection of grown-up animators engaged in a juvenile lark."[48] Marylin Moss of The Hollywood Reporter described Phineas and Ferb as "Pretty mindless but kids of all ages might find a humorous moment in it." Moss called the plot lines redundant but did praise the music styles and guest stars.[49]

text: Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz gave a positive assessment for Phineas and Ferb in their 2016 book titled TV (The Book), stating that "In television, formula often seems to come from a lack of imagination.... Phineas and Ferb though, managed at the same time to be wildly imaginative and slavishly formulaic, using its repetitive structure not as a crutch, but as a sturdy framework on which it could hang all kinds of fantastic new ideas." They further added that "the characters' awareness of that formula, and any deviations from it, quickly became one of the show's most fertile sources of humor."[50]

text: Ratings

text: The first episode, "Rollercoaster", garnered a total of 10.8 million viewers when aired as a preview on August 17, 2007, holding onto more than half the record-setting audience of its lead-in, High School Musical 2.[51] When Phineas and Ferb officially debuted in February the next year, it proved cable's number one watched animated series premiere by "tweens". Throughout the first quarter that followed, it peaked as the top-rated animated series for ages 6–10 and 9–14, also becoming number three animated series for all of cable television for viewers age 6–10.[35] By the time the commissioning of the second season was announced in May 2008, the series had become a top-rated program in the 6–11 and 9–14 age groups.[52]

text: The Disney Channel's airing of "Phineas and Ferb Get Busted" was watched by 3.7 million viewers.[53] The episodes "Perry Lays an Egg" and "Gaming the System" on  Disney Channel achieved the most views by ages 6–11 and 9–14 of any channel in that night's time slot. This achievement propelled the series to the number one animated telecast that week for the target demographics.[54] On June 7, 2009, Disney announced that the show had become the number one primetime animated television show for the demographics 6-10 and 9-14.[21]

text: The premiere of "Phineas and Ferb's Christmas Vacation" garnered 2.62 million viewers during its debut on Disney XD, the most watched telecast in the channel's history (including Toon Disney) and the number three program of the night in all demographics. It received 5.2 million viewers for its debut on Disney Channel. It was the highest rated episode of the series to date and 5th highest for the week.[55][56][57]

text: The premiere of "Phineas and Ferb: Summer Belongs To You!" garnered 3.862 million viewers, was watched by 22% of kids 2–11, 13% of teens, 5% of households, and 3% of adults 18–49, also being the #1 program on that night and it was 25th for the week in viewership.[58][59] On Disney XD, the episode ranked in the channel's top 3 telecasts of the year in viewers with 1.32 million, and Boys 6–11 with 365,000, with a 2.9 rating. The hour telecast on August 2, 2010 is currently the Emmy-winning animated series' No. 2 telecast of all time on Disney XD in Total Viewers, in kids 6–14 with 677,000 and a 1.9 rating, Boys 6–14 with 435,000 and a 2.3 rating,  and kids 6–11 with 542,000 and a 2.2 rating, Boys 6–11 and Boys 9–14 235,000 with a 1.9 rating, behind only December 2009's "Phineas and Ferb's Christmas Vacation".[60]

text: Marketing and merchandise

text: Disney has licensed a number of products from the show, including plush toys of characters Perry, Ferb, Phineas, and Candace.[61] Disney released several T-shirts for the show and launched a "Make your own T-shirt" program on its Disney website.[62] Authors have novelized several episodes.[63] Two season one DVDs, entitled The Fast and the Phineas and The Daze of Summer, have been released; the discs include episodes never broadcast in America.[64][65] A third DVD was released on October 5, 2010, called A Very Perry Christmas. Some reviewers were displeased that the discs covered selected episodes rather than providing box sets of whole series, but noted that Disney does not generally release full-season DVD sets.[64]

text: In 2009, Disney licensed a Nintendo DS game, titled like the show, Phineas and Ferb. The game's story follows the title characters as they try to build a roller coaster to stop boredom over the summer (in reference to the show's pilot episode). The player controls Phineas, Ferb and occasionally Agent P (Perry the Platypus). Phineas scavenges for spare parts for the rollercoaster while Ferb fixes various objects around town, gaining access to new areas as a result. Ferb can also construct new parts of the rollercoaster and its vehicle-themed carts. Each activity features a short mini-game.[66][67][68] The game was well received and garners a 76.67% on GameRankings.[69] A sequel entitled Phineas and Ferb: Ride Again was released on September 14, 2010. Dan Povenmire and Jeff "Swampy" Marsh have also announced that there is a Phineas and Ferb Wii game in development.[70] It was later confirmed that this game would be a video game adaptation of the TV movie, also available for Nintendo DS and PlayStation 3.[71]

text: In 2012, Disney opened an interactive game based on the series in Epcot, titled Agent P's World Showcase Adventure, which centered around Perry and Dr. Doofenshmirtz, based on the previous attraction Kim Possible World Showcase Adventure. Disney has been focusing on the development of their "Infinity" system.[72]

text: Also in 2012, Disney Mobile launched a mobile game titled Where's My Perry? for iOS and Android. It was based on Disney's popular Where's My Water? game, using similar physics. In this game, Agent P is trying to get into O.W.C.A. headquarters but the transport tubes are out, so he needs water for the backup underground hydrogenerators. If you struggle or get stuck, Major Monogram and Carl will offer encouragement while Doofenshmirtz will taunt him. Phineas and Ferb never appear in the game except in the opening splash screen. The game was expanded to include levels featuring Doofenshmirtz and other animal agents. The game has a 4.0 rating on iTunes, but has not been updated in more than a year.[73]

text: In 2013, Disney commissioned Majesco Entertainment to create the newest Phineas and Ferb video game, which released in August 2013, entitled Phineas and Ferb: Quest for Cool Stuff, which is available on Xbox 360, Wii U, Wii, Nintendo 3DS and Nintendo DS.[74][75]

text: Homages

text: The United Kingdom Disney Channel has aired a series entitled Oscar and Michael's Phineas and Ferb Fan Club Show in homage to the animated series. The show features two boys who attempt to be like Phineas and Ferb by taking part in adventures to alleviate boredom.[76] The series aims at educating kids and promoting activity and creativity.[77] It entered its second season on April 10, 2009.[76] The television series Psych has made references to Phineas and Ferb in its sixth season. In the episode "Shawn Rescues Darth Vader," main character Shawn Spencer (portrayed by James Roday) states that he learned his British accent from the granddad on Phineas and Ferb (he tells this to guest star Malcolm McDowell, who also happens to voice the granddad). And in "The Amazing Psych Man & Tap-Man, Issue #2," Shawn once again name-drops the series, stating: "I'm missing a Phineas and Ferb marathon. Perry the Platypus. He's a real platypus."

text: Awards and nominations

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee

Result

2008

British Academy Children's Awards

Best International[78]

Phineas and Ferb

Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Main Title Theme Music[37]

"Today Is Gonna Be a Great Day"

Nominated

Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics[79]

"I Ain't Got Rhythm"(Episode: "Dude, We're Getting the Band Back Together!")

Nominated

2009

Annie Awards

Best Animated Television Program[80]

Phineas and Ferb

Nominated

British Academy Children's Awards

Best International[81]

Phineas and Ferb

Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Cartoon[82]

Phineas and Ferb

Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Special Class Short-Format Animated Program[83]

"The Monster of Phineas-n-Ferbenstein"

NominatedA

Pulcinella Awards

Best TV Series for Kids[84]

Phineas and Ferb

Won

Special Mention: Best Flash Animation[84]

Phineas and Ferb

Won

2010

Annie Awards

Best Writing in a Television Production[85]

"Nerds of a Feather"

Nominated

Daytime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Writing in Animation[86]

Phineas and Ferb

WonB

Outstanding Original Song – Children's and Animation[87]

"Come Home Perry"(Episode: "Oh, There You Are, Perry")

Nominated

Outstanding Achievement in Music Direction and Composition[87]

Danny Jacob

Nominated

Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Live Action and Animation[87]

Robert Poole II, Robbi Smith, and Roy Braverman

Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Cartoon[88]

Phineas and Ferb

Nominated

2011

Children's Representatives Ceremony (Israel)

Favorite Cartoon

Phineas and Ferb

Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Cartoon[89]

Phineas and Ferb

Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards Argentina

Favorite Cartoon[90]

Phineas and Ferb

Won

Kids' Choice Awards Mexico

Favorite Cartoon[90]

Phineas and Ferb

Won

Primetime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation[91]

Jill Daniels(Episode: "Wizard Of Odd")

Won

Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation[91]

Brian Woods(Episode: "Wizard Of Odd")

Won

2012

Cynopsis Kids !magination Awards

Best Tween Series[92]

Phineas and Ferb

Won

Best Tween Special/TV Movie[92]

"Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension"

Won

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Cartoon

Phineas and Ferb

Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation[93]

Jill Daniels(Episode: "Doof Dynasty")

Won

Outstanding Voice-Over Performance[94]

Dan Povenmire(Episode: "Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension")

Nominated

Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program

"The Doonkleberry Imperative"

Nominated

2013

Critics' Choice Television Awards

Best Animated Series[95]

Phineas and Ferb

Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Cartoon[96]

Phineas and Ferb

Nominated

2014

British Academy Children's Awards

BAFTA Kid's Vote - Television[97]

Phineas and Ferb

Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Short-Format Animated Program[98]

"Thanks But No Thanks"

Nominated

2015

Daytime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Special Class Animated Program

"Phineas and Ferb Save Summer"

Nominated

2016

Primetime Emmy Awards

Outstanding Animated Program[99]

"Last Day of Summer"

Nominated

text: Films

text: Television film

text: On March 3, 2010, a Disney press release announced a made-for-television film, based on Phineas and Ferb entitled Phineas and Ferb the Movie: Across the 2nd Dimension. It aired on the Disney Channel on August 5, 2011. The film concerned Phineas and Ferb accidentally helping Dr. Doofenshmirtz with an invention of his, which takes them to a parallel dimension. There, Perry reveals his double life as a secret agent to them, and, to save their friends from an alternative Dr. Doofenshmirtz, who is far more devious and threatening than his prime counterpart, they team up with their alternate dimension selves to stop him.[101]

text: Theatrical film

text: On January 11, 2011, Disney Channels Worldwide chief Gary Marsh announced that a feature film based on Phineas and Ferb was in development by Tron: Legacy producer Sean Bailey.[102][103] As of September 6, 2011, Dan and Swampy had finished writing the script. In October 2011, the film, tentatively titled simply Phineas and Ferb, was given the release date of July 26, 2013 by Walt Disney Pictures, a slot previously occupied by Thor: The Dark World.[104] On October 27, 2011, it was announced that Michael Arndt, who had written Little Miss Sunshine and Toy Story 3, had been hired to write the draft for the film. The project will now be produced by Mandeville Films.[105] In October 2012, Disney moved the release date to 2014,[106] and in August 2013, the film was removed from its schedule.[107] This led to speculation that it was cancelled, but Swampy Marsh confirmed via Twitter that the film was just on hold.[108] On July 12, 2015, it was confirmed that a form of the script of the film was completed.[109] As of March 2018, there has been no more word on the film's development.

text: Crossovers

text: Phineas and Ferb: Mission Marvel

text: In 2012, it was announced that a crossover between Phineas and Ferb and Marvel Entertainment, would air in the summer of 2013, titled Phineas and Ferb: Mission Marvel.[110] It features Marvel Comics superheroes Iron Man, Spider-Man, the Hulk and Thor and the villains the Red Skull, Whiplash, Venom and M.O.D.O.K.. It is the first major animated crossover between Marvel and Disney since the acquisition of Marvel Entertainment by Disney in 2009.[111]

text: Phineas and Ferb: Star Wars

text: In July 2013, the producers announced a Phineas and Ferb/Star Wars crossover[112] which was used as a sidebar to the events of Episode IV: A New Hope. The special aired on July 26, 2014.[113]

text: Milo Murphy's Law crossover

text: Co-creator Dan Povenmire has said that he would like to do a crossover with his and Jeff "Swampy" Marsh's follow-up show, Milo Murphy's Law, which takes place in the same universe as Phineas and Ferb.[114] On July 21, 2017, it was announced that the crossover is planned to be broadcast in 2018.[115] Before this crossover airs, a character from Phineas and Ferb, Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz, cameoed at the end of the episode "Fungus Among Us".

text: Phineas and Ferb: The Best LIVE Tour Ever was a touring two-act stage of the TV show. A projection system played video in the same style as the TV show on the rear of the stage; the characters were first introduced there in their cartoon forms, but then used a backyard slide that continued into a physical slide out of which the live cast members emerged into the real world. The performers wore prosthetics to make their characters resemble their cartoon counterparts—mostly head pieces, but a full body suit in the cases of Buford and Perry.[116] The 2011-2012 season of the tour began on August 21, 2011 in Lakeland, Florida and ended on April 22, 2012 in East Rutherford, New Jersey.[117] The 2012-2013 season began on August 23, 2012 in Wheeling, West Virginia and ran until February 18, 2013 in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

text: Spin-off

text: Disney produced a live-action talk show where the two characters (as cartoons) interview celebrities, similarly to Space Ghost Coast to Coast, which began airing in December 2010 as a two-minute talk-show format, featuring real-life celebrities such as Tony Hawk, Randy Jackson, Neil Patrick Harris, Seth Rogen, Taylor Swift, Andy Samberg, Tom Bergeron, Emma Roberts, Jack Black, Regis Philbin, Howie Mandel, David Beckham and Guy Fieri.[118] The show ended on November 25, 2011.


document_title: Bande Utkala Janani

question_text: who is the writer of bande utkal janani

question_tokens: who is the writer of bande utkal janani

root

text: Bande Utkala Janani

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
BANDE UTKALA JANANIEnglish: I adore Thee, O! Mother Utkal
ବନ୍ଦେ ଉତ୍କଳ ଜନନୀ
State anthem of Odisha (de facto)Lyrics
Kantakabi Laxmikanta Mohapatra, 1912Music
Kantakabi Laxmikanta MohapatraAdopted
1936vte

text: Bande Utkala Janani (Odia: ବନ୍ଦେ ଉତ୍କଳ ଜନନୀ) is an Odia patriotic poem written by Kantakabi Laxmikanta Mohapatra. When Odisha became a state on 1 April 1936, this poem was made the state anthem of Odisha.[1]

tag: p

text:
The poem envisages a UTKAL that maintains her self-respect and dignity from a position of confidence and strength rather than insecurity and fear.This movement for a separate province also gathered momentum in Odisha.The Utkal Sammilani (a federation of Odias) was leading this movement. This influenced the poet Laxmikanta Mohapatra, who was then young and energetic. He started writing Vande
Utkal Janani (Glory to the Mother Utkal) and some other fiery songs with a patriotic motive.
Well known national poet of Odisha Banchhanidhi Mohanty was also a good singer. He used to sing Laxmikanta's patriotic songs throughout Odisha and inspired everyone. Once Rabindra Nath Tagore wrote in one of his essays i.e. "A Vision of India's History" that 'the history of India has been the history of a struggle between the mechanical spirit of conformity in social organization and the creative spirit of man which seeks freedom and love in self-expression' justifies Laxmikanta as a true patriotic poet. It seems to be more powerful and in all
its stanzas, the glory as well as the speciality of Odisha have been portrayed which amaze everyone who listens the song. This in quite a
different situation being inspired by the God. The rhythm of Mother Odisha's natural beauty and charming surroundings really haunted his
imagination. Nobody tried, but the State Government spontaneously accepted this song with alacrity to be its national song which
really excels all other patriotic songs of Odisha.

text: This song was first sung at the Utkal Sammilani's Conference at Balasore in 1912, This song was used as a powerful weapon by the Utkal Sammilani to emancipate Odisha. In a meeting at Bhadrak, where the poet Kantakabi was felicitated, the then young leader of Odisha Harekrushna Mahtab admitted that the poet Laxmikanta's patriotic songs have inspired him a lot. In the past, Marathas, Mughals and Britishers ruled Odisha and its geographical boundaries changed from time to time accordingly. But one will find in this song Bande Utkal Janani that Odisha's natural beauty, God's bounty and boundaries remained unchanged. Odisha's high tradition of arts and crafts in the temples, culture or literature and the peaceful social living, all these things exist in this beautiful song which yet inspires and attracts everybody.

text: The State Government's decision to stand up to pay respect when the song is played has been praised.Therefore, it was made compulsory at the end of any Odisha Legislative Assembly Session and in the beginning of school prayer in State Govt. schools in Odisha during the 1990s.

text:
Odia
Transliteration
English

ବନ୍ଦେ ଉତ୍କଳ ଜନନୀ,
ଚାରୁ ହାସମୟୀ ଚାରୁ ଭାଷମୟୀ,
ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ॥
ପୂତ-ପୟୋଧି-ବିଧୌତ-ଶରୀରା,
ତାଳତମାଳ-ସୁଶୋଭିତ-ତୀରା,
ଶୁଭ୍ର ତଟିନୀକୂଳ-ଶୀକର-ସମୀରା,
ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ॥
ଘନ ଘନ ବନଭୂମି ରାଜିତ ଅଙ୍ଗେ,
ନୀଳ ଭୂଧରମାଳା ସାଜେ ତରଙ୍ଗେ,
କଳ କଳ ମୁଖରିତ ଚାରୁ ବିହଙ୍ଗେ,
ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ॥
ସୁନ୍ଦର ଶାଳୀ-ସୁଶୋଭିତ-କ୍ଷେତ୍ରା,
ଜ୍ଞାନବିଜ୍ଞାନ-ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶିତ-ନେତ୍ରା,
ଯୋଗୀଋଷିଗଣ-ଊଟଜ-ପବିତ୍ରା,
ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ॥
ସୁନ୍ଦର ମନ୍ଦିର ମଣ୍ଡିତ-ଦେଶା,
ଚାରୁକଳାବଳୀ-ଶୋଭିତ-ବେଶା,
ପୁଣ୍ୟ ତୀର୍ଥାଚୟ-ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ-ପ୍ରଦେଶା,
ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ॥
ଉତ୍କଳ ଶୂରବର-ଦର୍ପିତ-ଗେହା,
ଅରିକୁଳ-ଶୋଣିତ-ଚର୍ଚ୍ଚିତ-ଦେହା,
ବିଶ୍ୱଭୂମଣ୍ଡଳ-କୃତବର-ସ୍ନେହା,
ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ॥
କବିକୁଳମୌଳି ସୁନନ୍ଦନ-ବନ୍ଦ୍ୟା,
ଭୁବନ ବିଘୋଷିତ-କୀର୍ତ୍ତି ଅନିନ୍ଦ୍ୟା,
ଧନ୍ୟେ, ପୁଣ୍ୟେ, ଚିରଶରଣ୍ୟେ,
ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ, ଜନନୀ॥[3]

Bande utkala-janani,
Charu-hasamayi charu-bhasamayi,
Janani, janani, janani!॥
Puta-payodhi-bidhouta-śarira,
Talatamala-susobhita-tira,
Śubhra-tatinikula-śikara-śamira,
Janani, janani, janani!॥
Ghana-Ghana-banabhumi-rajita-ange,
Nila-bhudhra-mala saje tarange,
Kalakala-mukharita-charu-bihange,
Janani, janani, janani!॥
Sundaraśali-susobhita-kśetra,
Gyana-bigyana-pradarśita-netra,
Jogi-ruśigana-utaja-pabitra,
Janani, janani, janani!॥
Sundara-mandira-mandita-deśa,
Caru-kalabali-śobhita-beśa,
Punya-tirthacaya-purna-pradeśa,
Janani, janani, janani!॥
Utkala-surabara-darpita-geha,
Arikula-śonita-carcita-deha,
Biswa-bhumandala-krtabar-sneha,
Janani, janani, janani!॥
Kabikulamauli-sunandana-bandya,
Bhubana-bighośita-kirti-anindya,
Dhanye, punye, cire śaranye !
Janani, janani, janani!॥

I adore Thee, O! Mother Utkal
How loving are thy smile and voice!
O! Mother! Mother! Mother!
Bath’d art Thou by the sacred Sea,
Thy shores adorned with trees tall and green,
Balmy breeze blowing by beauteous streams,
O! Mother! Mother! Mother!
Thy body bedeck’d with dense woodlands,
Arrayed with verdant hills plaited like waves,
Thy sky ringing with choirs of singing birds,
O! Mother! Mother! Mother!
How charming are Thy rich fields of paddy !
Thou art Eye to Erudition enow,
Sacred Abode to saints and seers,
O! Mother! Mother! Mother!
Thy land bejewelled with splendid shrines,
Richly dress'd art Thou in varied arts,
Thy limbs studded with sacred sites,
O! Mother! Mother! Mother!
Thou Home to the valiant heroes of Utkal,
Thy frame crimsoned with enemies' blood,
Prime Darling of the whole universe,
O! Mother! Mother! Mother!
Greeted by Thy great sons, the crowning bards,
Thy untarnished glory proclaimed all around,
Blessed art Thou, the Holy, the Unfalling Abode,
I adore Thee, O! Mother! Mother! Mother!


document_title: Srinagar

question_text: who built the city of srinagar in kashmir

text: Srinagar

text: Origin of name[edit]

text: Folk etymology draws the city name from two Sanskrit words: śrī ("glory, prosperity", a name for the Hindu goddess Sri Mahalakshmi) and nagar ("city"), which would make "City of Lakshmi" (or "City of Prosperity").

text: However, the earliest records mention the name as siri-nagar which in turn is a local transformation of the original Sanskrit name sūrya-nagar, meaning "City of the Sun" (or, of a sun god).[4]

text: History[edit]

text: Ancient period[edit]

text: The Burzahom archaeological site 10 km from Srinagar has revealed the presence of neolithic and megalithic cultures.[5]

text: According to Kalhana's 12th century text Rajatarangini, a king named Pravarasena II established a new capital named Pravarapura (also known as Pravarasena-pura). Based on topographical details, Pravarapura appears to be same as the modern city of Srinagar. Aurel Stein dates the king to 6th century.[6]

text: Kalhana mentions that a king named Ashoka had earlier established a town called Srinagari. Kalhana describes this town in hyperbolic terms, stating that it had "9,600,000 houses resplendent with wealth".[7] According to Kalhana, this Ashoka reigned before 1182 BCE and was a member of the dynasty founded by Godhara. Kalhana states that this king adopted the doctrine of Jina, constructed stupas and Shiva temples, and appeased Bhutesha (Shiva) to obtain his son Jalauka.

text: Multiple scholars identify Kalhana's Ashoka with the 3rd century Buddhist Mauryan emperor Ashoka despite these discrepancies.[8] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha.[7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script.[8]:130

text: Ashoka's Srinagari is generally identified with Pandrethan (near present-day Srinagar), although there is an alternative identification with a place on the banks of the Lidder River.[9] According to Kalhana, Pravarasena II resided at Puranadhishthana ("old town") before the establishment of Pravarapura; the name Pandrethan is believed to be derived from that word.[6][10] Accordining to V. A. Smith, the original name of the "old town" (Srinagari) was transferred to the new town.[11]

text: Srinagar in 14th to 19th centuries[edit]

text: The independent Hindu and the Buddhist rule of Srinagar lasted until the 14th century when the Kashmir valley, including the city, came under the control of the several Muslim rulers, including the Mughals. It was also the capital during the reign of Yusuf Shah Chak. Kashmir came under Mughal rule, when it was conquered by the third Mughal badshah (emperor) Akbar in 1586 CE. Akbar established Mughal rule in Srinagar and Kashmir valley.[12] Kashmir was added to Kabul Subah in 1586, until Shah Jahan made it into a separate Kashmir Subah (imperial top-level province) with seat in Srinagar.

text: With the disintegration of the Mughal empire after the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, infiltration in the valley of the Afghan tribes from Afghanistan and Hindu Dogras from the Jammu region increased, and the Afghan Durrani Empire and Dogras ruled the city for several decades.

text: Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the Sikh ruler from the Punjab region annexed a major part of the Kashmir Valley, including Srinagar, to his kingdom in the year 1814 and the city came under the influence of the Sikhs.

text: In 1846, the Treaty of Lahore was signed between the Sikh rulers and the British in Lahore. The treaty inter alia provided British de facto suzerainty over the Kashmir Valley and Maharaja Gulab Singh, a Hindu Dogra from the Jammu region became a semi-independent ruler of the state of Jammu and Kashmir. Srinagar became part of his kingdom and remained until 1947 as one of several princely states in British India. The Maharajas choose Sher Garhi Palace as their main Srinagar residence.

text: Post Indo-Pakistani independence[edit]

text: After India and Pakistan's independence from Britain, villagers around the city of Poonch began an armed protest at continued rule of the Maharaja on 17 August 1947.[13] In view of the Poonch uprising, certain Pashtun tribes such as Mehsud and Afridi from mountainous region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan and with its collusion, entered the Kashmir valley to capture it on 22 October 1947.[14] The Maharaja, who had refused to accede to either India or Pakistan in hopes of securing his own independent state, signed the instrument of accession in exchange for refuge on 26 October 1947, as Pakistani-backed tribesmen approached the outskirts of Srinagar. The Accession was accepted by India the next day. The government of India immediately airlifted Indian troops to Srinagar and prevented the tribesmen from reaching the city.[15]

text: In 1989, Srinagar became the focus of the Kashmiri uprising against Indian rule and the Indian military, which has been present since 1990, and the area continues to be a highly politicised hotbed of separatist activity with frequent spontaneous protests and strikes ("bandhs" in local parlance). On 19 January 1990, the Gawakadal massacre of at least 50 unarmed protestors by Indian forces,[16] and up to 280 by some estimates from eyewitness accounts,[17] set the stage for bomblasts, shootouts, and curfews that characterised Srinagar throughout the early and mid-1990s. Further massacres in the spring of 1990 in which 51 allegedly unarmed protesters were allegedly killed by Indian security forces in Zakura and Tengpora heightened anti-Indian sentiments in Srinagar.[18] As a result, bunkers and checkpoints are found throughout the city, although their numbers have come down in the past few years as militancy has declined. However, frequent protests still occur against Indian rule, such as the 22 August 2008 rally in which hundreds of thousands[19] of Kashmiri civilians protested against Indian rule in Srinagar.[20][21] Similar protests took place every summer for the next 4 years. In 2010 alone 120 protesters, many of whom were stone pelters and arsonists, were killed by police and CRPF. Large scale protests were seen following the execution of Afzal Guru in February 2013.[22] In 2016, about 87 protesters were killed by Indian army, CRPF and JK police which became known as 2016 Kashmir unrest.

text: The city also saw increased violence against minorities, particularly the Kashmiri Hindus, starting from mid-1980s and resulting in their ultimate exodus.[23][24][25] Posters were pasted to walls of houses of Pandits, telling them to leave or die, temples were destroyed and houses burnt;[26] but a very small minority of pandits still remains in the city.[27] The recent years have seen protests in Srinagar from local Kashmiri pandits for protection of their shrines in Kashmir and their rights.[28]

text: Geography[edit]

text: The city is located on both the sides of the Jhelum River, which is called Vyath in Kashmir. The river passes through the city and meanders through the valley, moving onward and deepening in the Dal Lake. The city is famous for its nine old bridges, connecting the two parts of the city.

text: There are a number of lakes and swamps in and around the city. These include the Dal, the Nigeen, the Anchar, Khushal Sar, Gil Sar and Hokersar.

text: Hokersar is a wetland situated near Srinagar. Thousands of migratory birds come to Hokersar from Siberia and other regions in the winter season. Migratory birds from Siberia and Central Asia use wetlands in Kashmir as their transitory camps between September and October and again around spring. These wetlands play a vital role in sustaining a large population of wintering, staging and breeding birds.

text: Hokersar is 14 km (8.7 mi) north of Srinagar, and is a world class wetland spread over 13.75 km2 (5.31 sq mi) including lake and marshy area. It is the most accessible and well-known of Kashmir's wetlands which include Hygam, Shalibug and Mirgund. A record number of migratory birds have visited Hokersar in recent years.[29]

text: Birds found in Hokersar—Migratory ducks and geese which include brahminy duck, tufted duck, gadwall, garganey, greylag goose, mallard, common merganser, northern pintail, common pochard, ferruginous pochard, red-crested pochard, ruddy shelduck, northern shoveller, common teal, and Eurasian wigeon.[citation needed]

text: Climate[edit]

text: Srinagar has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), much cooler than what is found in much of the rest of India, due to its moderately high elevation and northerly position. The valley is surrounded by the Himalayas on all sides. Winters are cool, with daytime temperature averaging to 2.5 °C (36.5 °F), and drops below freezing point at night. Moderate to heavy snowfall occurs in winter and the highway connecting Srinagar with the rest of India faces frequent blockades due to icy roads and avalanches. Summers are warm with a July daytime average of 24.1 °C (75.4 °F). The average annual rainfall is around 720 millimetres (28 in). Spring is the wettest season while autumn is the driest. The highest temperature reliably recorded is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F) and the lowest is −20.0 °C (−4.0 °F).[30]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Srinagar (1971–1986 normals)

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °C (°F)
17.2
(63)
20.6
(69.1)
27.3
(81.1)
31.1
(88)
36.4
(97.5)
37.8
(100)
38.3
(100.9)
36.7
(98.1)
35.0
(95)
33.9
(93)
24.5
(76.1)
18.3
(64.9)
38.3
(100.9)

Average high °C (°F)
7.0
(44.6)
8.2
(46.8)
14.1
(57.4)
20.5
(68.9)
24.5
(76.1)
29.6
(85.3)
30.1
(86.2)
29.6
(85.3)
27.4
(81.3)
22.4
(72.3)
15.1
(59.2)
8.2
(46.8)
19.7
(67.5)

Daily mean °C (°F)
2.5
(36.5)
3.8
(38.8)
8.8
(47.8)
14.2
(57.6)
17.7
(63.9)
22.3
(72.1)
24.1
(75.4)
23.5
(74.3)
19.8
(67.6)
14.1
(57.4)
8.1
(46.6)
3.4
(38.1)
13.5
(56.3)

Average low °C (°F)
−2
(28)
−0.7
(30.7)
3.4
(38.1)
7.9
(46.2)
10.8
(51.4)
14.9
(58.8)
18.1
(64.6)
17.5
(63.5)
12.1
(53.8)
5.8
(42.4)
0.9
(33.6)
−1.5
(29.3)
7.3
(45.1)

Record low °C (°F)
−14.4
(6.1)
−20.0
(−4)
−6.9
(19.6)
0.0
(32)
1.0
(33.8)
7.2
(45)
10.3
(50.5)
9.5
(49.1)
4.4
(39.9)
−1.7
(28.9)
−7.8
(18)
−12.8
(9)
−20
(−4)

Average precipitation mm (inches)
48
(1.89)
68
(2.68)
121
(4.76)
85
(3.35)
68
(2.68)
39
(1.54)
62
(2.44)
76
(2.99)
31
(1.22)
33
(1.3)
38
(1.5)
54
(2.13)
723
(28.48)

Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)
6.6
7.3
10.2
8.8
8.1
5.7
7.9
6.8
3.5
2.8
2.8
5.1
75.6

Average relative humidity (%)
82
79
70
64
61
56
66
70
67
69
77
84
70.4

Mean monthly sunshine hours
74.4
101.7
136.4
189.0
238.7
246.0
241.8
226.3
228.0
226.3
186.0
108.5
2,203.1

Mean daily sunshine hours
2.4
3.6
4.4
6.3
7.7
8.2
7.8
7.3
7.6
7.3
6.2
3.5
6.0

Source #1: NOAA,[31] India Meteorological Department (records up to 2010)[30]

Source #2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun 1945–1988)[32]

text: Economy[edit]

text: In November 2011, the City Mayors Foundation – an advocacy think tank – announced that Srinagar was the 92nd fastest growing urban areas in the world in terms of economic growth, based on actual data from 2006 onwards and projections to 2020.[33]

text: Tourism[edit]

text: Srinagar is one of several places that have been called the "Venice of the East" or the "Kashmiri Venice"[34][35][36] Lakes around the city include Dal Lake – noted for its houseboats –  and Nigeen Lake. Apart from Dal lake and Nigeen lake city is also famous for wular lake and manasbal lake to the north of srinagar. Wular lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes in Asia.

text: Srinagar has some Mughal gardens, forming a part of those laid by the Mughal emperors across the Indian subcontinent. Those of Srinagar and its close vicinity include Chashma Shahi (the royal fountains); Pari Mahal (the palace of the fairies); Nishat Bagh (the garden of spring); Shalimar Bagh; the Naseem Bagh.[37]

text: Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Botanical Garden is a botanical garden in the city, set up in 1969.[38] The Indian government has included these gardens under "Mughal Gardens of Jammu and Kashmir" in the tentative list for sites to be included in world Heritage sites.

text: The Sher Garhi Palace houses administrative buildings from the state government.[citation needed] Another palace of the Maharajas, the Gulab Bhavan, has now become the Lalit Grand Palace hotel.[39]

text: The Shankaracharya Temple which lies on a hill top in the middle of the city, besides the Kheer Bhawani Temple are important Hindu temples in the city.[40]

text: Government and politics[edit]

text: The city is run by the Srinagar Municipal Corporation (SMC). The Srinagar district along with the adjoining Budgam and Ganderbal districts forms the Srinagar Parliamentary seat.

text: Stray dog controversy[edit]

text: Srinagar's city government attracted brief international attention in March 2008 when it announced a mass poisoning program aimed at eliminating the city's population of stray dogs.[41] Officials estimate that 100,000 stray dogs roam the streets of the city, which has a human population of just under 900,000. In a survey conducted by an NGO, it was found that some residents welcomed this program, saying the city was overrun by dogs, while critics contended that more humane methods should be used to deal with the animals.

text: The situation has become alarming with local news reports coming up at frequent intervals highlighting people, especially children being mauled by street dogs.[42]

text: Demographics[edit]

text: As of 2011 census Srinagar urban agglomeration had 1,273,312 population.[43] Both the city and the urban agglomeration has average literacy rate of approximately 70%.[43][44] The child population of both the city and the urban agglomeration is approximately 12% of the total population.[43] Males constituted 53.0% and females 47% of the population. The sex ratio in the city area is 888 females per 1000 males, whereas in the urban agglomeration it is 880 per 1,000.[43][45] The predominant religion of Srinagar is Islam with 96% of the population being Muslim. Hindus constitute the second largest religious group representing 2.75% of the population. The remaining population constitutes Sikhs, Buddhist and Jains.[46]

text: Transport[edit]

text: Road[edit]

text: The city is served by many highways, including National Highway 1A and National Highway 1D.[47]

text: Air[edit]

text: Srinagar Airport has regular domestic flights to Leh, Jammu, Chandigarh, Delhi and Mumbai and occasional international flights. An expanded terminal capable of handling both domestic and international flights was inaugurated on 14 February 2009 with Air India Express flights to Dubai. Hajj flights also operate from this airport to Saudi Arabia.[48]

text: Rail[edit]

text: Srinagar is a station on the 119 km (74 mi) long Banihal-Baramulla line that started in October 2009 and connects Baramulla to Srinagar, Anantnag and Qazigund. The railway track also connects to Banihal across the Pir Panjal mountains through a newly constructed 11 km long Banihal tunnel, and subsequently to the Indian railway network after a few years. It takes approximately 9 minutes and 30 seconds for train to cross the tunnel. It is the longest rail tunnel in India. This railway system, proposed in 2001, is not expected to connect the Indian railway network until 2017 at the earliest, with a cost overrun of 55 billion INR.[49] The train also runs during heavy snow.

text: There are proposals to develop a metro system in the city.[50] The feasibility report for the Srinagar Metro is planned to be carried out by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation.[51]

text: Cable car[edit]

text:
[show]
[

v
t
e

]
Srinagar Cable Car

Legend

Makhdoom Sahib (Hari Parbat)

Malkhah cemetery

text: In December 2013, the 594m cable car allowing people to travel to the shrine of the Sufi saint Hamza Makhdoom on Hari Parbat was unveiled. The project is run by the Jammu and Kashmir Cable Car Corporation (JKCCC), and has been envisioned for 25 years. An investment of 300 million INR was made, and it is the second cable car in Kashmir after the Gulmarg Gondola.[52]

text: Boat[edit]

text: Whilst popular since the 7th century, water transport is now mainly confined to Dal Lake, where shikaras (wooden boats) are used for local transport and tourism. There are efforts to revive transportation on the River Jhelum.[53]

text: Culture[edit]

text: Like the state of Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar too has a distinctive blend of cultural heritage. Holy places in and around the city depict the historical cultural and religious diversity of the city as well as the Kashmir valley.

text: Places of worship[edit]

text: There are many religious holy places in Srinagar. They include:

text:
Hazratbal Shrine, only domed mosque in the city.[54]
Jama Masjid, Srinagar, one of the oldest mosques in Kashmir
khanqah-e-Moula,first Islamic centre in Kashmir
Aali Masjid, in Eidgah Locality
Hari Parbat hill hosts shrine of Sharika Mata temple
Shankaracharya temple
Kheer Bhawani Temple
Gurdwara Chatti Patshahi, located on Hari Parbat
Pathar Masjid
All Saints Church, Srinagar
Holy Family Catholic Church (Srinagar)

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text: Additional structures include the Dastgeer Sahib shrine, Mazar-e-Shuhada, Roza Bal shrine, Khanqah of Shah Hamadan, Pathar Masjid ("The Stone Mosque"), Hamza Makhdoom shrine, tomb of the mother of Zain-ul-abidin, tomb of Pir Haji Muhammad, Akhun Mulla Shah Mosque, cemetery of Baha-ud-din Sahib, tomb and Madin Sahib Mosque at Zadibal.[55]

text: Performing arts[edit]

text: Education[edit]

text: Srinagar is home to The National Institute of Technology Srinagar, formerly known as Regional Engineering College (REC Srinagar). It is one of the oldest among the National Institutes of Technology that were established during 2nd Five year plan. Other educational institutions are:

text: Schools

text:
Tyndale Biscoe School
Presentation Convent Higher Secondary School
Burn Hall School
Mallinson Girls School

text: Medical colleges

text:
Government Medical College, Srinagar
Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences
Government Dental College & Hospital, Srinagar

text: Universities

text:
University of Kashmir
Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir
Central University of Kashmir

text: General degree colleges

text:
Amar Singh College
Sri Pratap College
Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar

text: Sports[edit]

text: The city is home to the Sher-i-Kashmir Stadium, a stadium where international cricket matches have been played.[56] The first international match was played in 1983 in which West Indies defeated India and the last international match was played in 1986 in which Australia defeated India by six wickets. Since then no international matches have been played in the stadium due to the security situation (although the situation has now improved quite considerably).[citation needed] Srinagar has an outdoor stadium namely Bakshi Stadium for hosting football matches.[57] It is named after Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad. The city has a golf course named Royal Springs Golf Course, Srinagar located on the banks of Dal lake, which is considered as one of the best golf courses of India.[58] Football is also followed by the youth of Srinagar and Polo ground is maintained for the particular sports recently.There are certain other sports being played but those are away from the main city like in Pahalgam (Water rafting), Gulmarg (skiing).


document_title: The Beatles in the United States

question_text: when did the beatles come to america for the first time

text: The Beatles in the United States

text: Background[edit]

text: Impact of Beatlemania[edit]

text: In the United Kingdom, the Beatles had experienced popularity since the start of 1963. But in the United States, Capitol Records, owned by the band's record company EMI, had for most of the year declined to issue any of the singles.[5] The phenomenon of Beatlemania in the UK was regarded with amusement by the U.S. press, once it made any comment.[6] When newspaper and magazine articles did begin to appear towards the end of 1963, they cited the English stereotype of eccentricity, reporting that the UK had developed an interest in something that had come and gone a long time ago in the United States: rock and roll.[6] Headlines included "The New Madness"[7] and "Beatle Bug Bites Britain",[6] and writers employed word-play linking "beetle" with the "infestation" afflicting the UK.[6] In late 1963, Capitol Records agreed to release the single "I Want to Hold Your Hand" with a large accompanying promotional campaign, due to Ed Sullivan's agreement to headline the Beatles on The Ed Sullivan Show.[8] The Beatles' American television debut was on 18 November 1963 on The Huntley-Brinkley Report, with a four-minute long piece by Edwin Newman.[9] On 22 November 1963, the CBS Morning News ran a five-minute feature on Beatlemania in the UK which heavily featured their then current UK hit "She Loves You". The evening's scheduled repeat was cancelled following the assassination of John F. Kennedy the same day. On 10 December, Walter Cronkite decided to transmit the piece again on the CBS Evening News,[10] and the resulting interest led to the rush-release of "I Want to Hold Your Hand" and—only weeks before the Beatles' arrival—a U.S. commercial breakthrough.[1]

text: American political climate, early 1964[edit]

text: Eleven weeks before the Beatles' arrival in the U.S. President John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas. The nation was in mourning, in fear, and in disbelief.[11] The assassination came after a fifteen-year build-up of Cold War tension. The motivation and identity of the assassin would be doubted by many Americans for decades, despite the Warren Commission's issued report in September 1964.[12] As the United States tried to restore a sense of normality, teenagers in particular struggled to cope, as their disbelief began to be replaced by a personal reaction to what had happened: in school essays, teenagers wrote that "then it became real", and "I was feeling the whole world is going to collapse on me", and "I never felt so empty in all my life".[13]

text: Musical influences[edit]

text: The music industry in Memphis had large role in bringing bands to the attention of the American public,[14] and in the 1960s, many British bands, among them the Beatles, aspired to emulate the sounds of Memphis musicians including Elvis Presley—without whom, according to Lennon, "there would not have been the Beatles".[15] The sudden popularity of the Beatles, and the British Invasion triggered by their arrival, became a major new influence in the United States, which not only established the popularity of British bands, but also affected the musical style of U.S. bands[16]—including those subsequently formed in Memphis.[17][18]

text: During their U.S. tours, the Beatles were introduced to both Elvis Presley and Bob Dylan.[19] Strongly influenced by Presley since before their formation, the band had tried to meet him in the past, but arrangements had fallen through.[20] At Presley's suggestion, guitars were set up in his living room and the gathering played music for an hour, following which they discussed the music business and exchanged anecdotes.[21] The other meeting, with Dylan, influenced the music subsequently produced by the Beatles as well as shaping Dylan's own musical style.[22] This was made evident both in Dylan's controversial adoption of electric guitar, and in changes that were apparent in Lennon's vocal and guitar-playing styles.[22]

text: However, before their visits to United States in 1964 the Beatles still doubted that they could bring anything new to the country. In apprehensive conversation among the Beatles on board the aircraft to New York February 1964, McCartney had questioned, "They've got their own groups. What are we going to give them that they don't already have?"[23]

text: Live performances[edit]

text: February 1964 – First U.S. Concerts[edit]

text: An estimated four thousand Beatles' fans were present on 7 February 1964 as Pan Am Flight 101 left Heathrow Airport.[1] Among the passengers were the Beatles, on their first trip to the United States as a band, with their entourage of photographers and journalists, and Phil Spector.[24] When the group arrived at New York's newly renamed John F. Kennedy Airport, they were greeted by a second large crowd, with Beatles fans again estimated to number four thousand, and journalists, two hundred.[25] From having so many people packed in a little space, a few people in the crowd got injured. The airport had not previously experienced such a large crowd.[26]

text: After a press conference, where they first met disc jockey Murray the K, the Beatles were put into limousines—one per Beatle[27]—and driven to New York City. On the way, McCartney turned on a radio and listened to a running commentary: "They have just left the airport and are coming to New York City..."[28] After reaching the Plaza Hotel, the Beatles were besieged by fans and reporters. Harrison had a fever of 102 °F (39 °C) the next day and was ordered to stay in bed, so Neil Aspinall, the band's personal assistant, replaced Harrison on guitar during the Beatles' first rehearsal for The Ed Sullivan Show.[29] On 9 February 1964, the Beatles made their first live U.S. television appearance.[30] 73 million viewers—about two-fifths of the total American population—watched the group perform on The Ed Sullivan Show at 8 P.M.[31] According to the Nielsen ratings audience measurement system, the show had the largest number of viewers that had been recorded for a U.S. television program.[32]

text: Two days after the television appearance, on 11 February 1964, the Beatles' first U.S. concert took place, at Washington Coliseum, a sports arena in Washington, D.C.[33] The concert was attended by eight thousand fans. The Beatles performed on a central stage in the arena, with the audience on all sides, and there were regular pauses to enable the band to turn their equipment around and perform facing in another direction.[33] The concert generated intense excitement.[33] The following day, the Beatles performed a second concert, in Carnegie Hall, New York, which was attended by two thousand fans.[33] The concert was again well received.[33] Following the Carnegie Hall concert, the Beatles flew to Miami Beach and on Sunday 16 February 1964 made their second television appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, which this time was broadcast live from the Napoleon Ballroom of the Deauville Hotel in Miami Beach. As it had done on 9 February, the television broadcast attracted around 70 million viewers.[33] On 22 February 1964, the Beatles returned to the UK. Arriving at Heathrow airport at 7 am, they were met by an estimated ten thousand fans.[33]

text: August 1964 – First U.S. Tour[edit]

text: In August 1964, the Beatles returned to the United States for a second visit, this time remaining for a month-long tour.[34] Epstein was unsure about the group's popularity in the US, and avoided booking them into stadiums. At the opening date at the Cow Palace, San Francisco on August 19, over 17,000 fans turned out to see the group.[35]

text: A request was received from the White House press office, which asked for the Beatles to be photographed with the new President of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson, laying a wreath on the grave of John F. Kennedy. The request was politely declined by Epstein,[36] as it was not the group's policy to accept "official" invitations.[37] During the tour, the Beatles performed at thirty concerts, starting in San Francisco and ending in New York, twenty-three cities in all.[34] One of the major stipulations for the tour was that the band would not perform for segregated audiences or at venues that excluded African Americans.[38]

text: At each venue, the concert was treated as a major event by the local press and attended by between ten and twenty thousand fans, whose enthusiastic response to the Beatles produced sound levels that left the music only semi-audible.[34] The tour earned the Beatles over a million dollars in ticket sales.[34] It also stimulated a further increase in record sales, and resulted in the sale of a considerable quantity of Beatle-related merchandise.[34]

text: By this point in the year, the British Invasion—started by the Beatles' previous U.S. visit—was gathering momentum, and several more UK acts had come to the United States, including The Dave Clark Five, Billy J. Kramer, and Gerry & the Pacemakers.[36][39] One third of all U.S. top ten hits in 1964 were by British acts.[40] After the tour's final concert in New York, the Beatles were introduced to Bob Dylan, a meeting brought about at the instigation of the New York journalist Al Aronowitz, who arranged for Dylan to visit the Beatles at their hotel before they returned to the UK.[22]

text: August 1965 – Second U.S. Tour[edit]

text: In June 1965, after completing a two-week European tour of France, Italy and Spain, the Beatles attended the London premiere of Help!, their second film, and then returned to the United States for another two-week tour.[41] The tour commenced at Shea Stadium, New York City on Sunday 15 August 1965. The circular stadium had been constructed the previous year, opening on 17 April 1964, with seating arranged in four ascending decks, all of which were filled for the concert.[41] It was the first time in history that a large outdoor stadium had been used for such a purpose, and the event sold out in seventeen minutes.[42]

text: The 1965 tour was highly successful, with well-attended concerts on each of its ten dates.[41] The opening concert at Shea Stadium attracted an audience of fifty-five thousand, the largest of any live concert that the Beatles would perform.[41] The band arrived by armoured car.[41] After the 1965 tour's final concert, which took place at Cow Palace, San Francisco, the Beatles accepted an invitation to visit Elvis Presley before returning to the UK.[19]

text: August 1966 – Third U.S. Tour[edit]

text: Following the UK and U.S. releases of their new album Revolver in August 1966, the Beatles returned to the United States for what would be their last tour.[43] The tour coincided with a storm of U.S. public protest against the Beatles, caused by a published quote from a remark Lennon had made about Christianity.[44][45] Because of the severity of the protests, which included Beatles' records being publicly burned and claims being made that the Beatles were "anti-Christ",[44] Epstein had considered cancelling the fourteen-concert tour, fearing for their lives.[43] Nevertheless, the tour went ahead.

text: In Memphis, the city council decided not to let "municipal facilities be used as a forum to ridicule anyone's religion", and voted to cancel their Beatles concert,[44] although it did in fact take place.[43] There were disturbances during the tour, and one performance was brought to a temporary halt when a member of the audience threw a firecracker, leading the Beatles to believe they were being shot at.[43] In other incidents, telephone threats were received, and the Ku Klux Klan picketed the Beatles' concerts.[43] The tour ended with a concert at Candlestick Park.[43] Although commercially successful, the tour had been affected by the prevailing mood of controversy, and there had been rows of empty seats at some venues.[46]

text: After the United States[edit]

text: The Beatles' arrival in the United States in 1964 marked the spread of Beatlemania from the UK to the wider world, established the group's international stature,[1] and, triggering the British Invasion, caused changes in U.S. popular culture.[2] The Candlestick Park concert at the close of the 1966 U.S. tour marked the end of a four-year period dominated by touring and concerts, including nearly sixty U.S. appearances,[33][47] and over one thousand four hundred internationally.[46] The Beatles, from the end of their 1966 U.S. tour until their break-up in 1970, gave no further commercial concerts, instead devoting their efforts to creating new material in the recording studio.[4]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Pawlowski 1990, p. 175.
^ Jump up to: a b c Leopold, Todd (10 February 2004). "When The Beatles hit America". CNN.
Jump up ^ Palmer 1982, p. 146.
^ Jump up to: a b Miles 1997, pp. 293-295.
Jump up ^ Harry 2000, p. 225.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Gould 2008, pp. 1-2.
Jump up ^ Gould 2008, p. 196.
Jump up ^ Stark, Steven D. (18 May 2006). Meet the Beatles: A Cultural History of the Band That Shook Youth, Gender, and the World. HarperCollins. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-06-000893-2. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "The Daily Nightly - Being for the benefit of Mr. (Cron)Kite". Dailynightly.msnbc.msn.com. 18 November 1963. Retrieved 29 August 2011.
Jump up ^ "Remembering Walter Cronkite". CBS News. 19 July 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
Jump up ^ Gould 2008, pp. 216-219.
Jump up ^ Gould 2008, p. 258.
Jump up ^ Gould 2008, p. 217.
Jump up ^ Jovanovic 2004, p. 5.
Jump up ^ Harry 2000, p. 881.
Jump up ^ Jovanovic 2004, pp. 14-15.
Jump up ^ Jovanovic 2004, pp. 11-13.
Jump up ^ Jovanovic 2004, p. 30.
^ Jump up to: a b Gould 2008, pp. 283-284.
Jump up ^ Harry 2000, pp. 881-882.
Jump up ^ Harry 2000, pp. 882-883.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gould 2008, pp. 252-253.
Jump up ^ Gould 2008, p. 221.
Jump up ^ Spitz 2005, p. 458.
Jump up ^ Gould 2008, p. 1.
Jump up ^ Spitz 2005, p. 459.
Jump up ^ Gould 2008, p. 3.
Jump up ^ Spitz 2005, p. 462.
Jump up ^ Spitz 2005, p. 464.
Jump up ^ Gilliland 1969, show 28.
Jump up ^ Kozinn, Alan (6 February 2004). "Critic's Notebook; They Came, They Sang, They Conquered". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 June 2008.
Jump up ^ Gould 2008, p. 4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Gould 2008, pp. 5-6.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Gould 2008, p. 249.
Jump up ^ "The Beatles kick off first U.S. tour at San Francisco's Cow Palace". history.com. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Gould 2008, p. 250.
Jump up ^ Spitz 2005, p. 620.
Jump up ^ "The Beatles banned segregated audiences, contract shows". BBC News. 18 September 2011. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
Jump up ^ Gilliland 1969, show 29.
Jump up ^ Gould 2008, pp. 250-251.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Gould 2008, p. 281.
Jump up ^ Badman 1999, p. 193.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Gould 2008, pp. 346-347.
^ Jump up to: a b c Gould 2008, pp. 340-341.
Jump up ^ Gilliland 1969, show 39.
^ Jump up to: a b Gould 2008, p. 347.
Jump up ^ Gould 2008, pp. 249-281.

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