document_title: Open All Hours

question_text: who did ronnie barker play in open all hours

root

text: Open All Hours

text: Premise[edit]

text: The setting is a small grocer's shop in Balby, a suburb of Doncaster in South Yorkshire. The owner, Arkwright (Ronnie Barker), is a middle-aged miser with a stammer and a knack for selling. His nephew Granville (David Jason) is his put-upon errand boy, who blames his work schedule for his lacklustre social life.

tag: p

text: Across the road lives Nurse Gladys Emmanuel (Lynda Baron), occupied by her professional rounds, and her elderly mother. Arkwright longs to marry her, but she resists his persistent pressures.  In later episodes, it is explained that the two have actually been engaged for many years but have been unable to go through with a wedding due to the advanced age of Nurse Gladys's mother, for whom she cares at home. Though short-tempered with Arkwright, she is concerned for his and Granville's welfare.

text: Characters[edit]

text: Arkwright[edit]

text: Arkwright is a pragmatic, miserly man with old-fashioned values, whose world seems to stop at his shop door, except for his uncontrollable lust for Nurse Gladys Emmanuel, which may prompt him on occasion to wander across the road, usually with a ladder, to gain access to her bedroom window. Arkwright is a devious, and mildly dishonest character, who has many crafty tricks to try to persuade a customer to leave his shop having bought at least one thing, and will avoid spending his own money at all costs. He is also very conservative about his savings, keeping some in his pocket wrapped in a fine gold chain, and some in an old, battered Oxo tin that he hides under the kitchen sink. This includes, or so he claims, coins from before 1922, when they were "solid silver". Although never confirmed on-screen, literature tying in to the programme gave Awkright's first name as Albert, and at various points on-screen in the series, his first name initial is indeed seen as 'A'.

text: Granville[edit]

text: Granville is the son of Arkwright's sister. She died a single mother when Granville was very young, leaving Arkwright to bring up the boy. Arkwright's jokes imply that his sister was promiscuous; he speculates that Granville's father is Hungarian, and was forbidden to marry Granville's mother because she was English. He is often referred to as a "youth" or "young lad", even though Granville is well into his adult years.

text: Granville is shy and awkward, but kind. His priorities differ from those of his uncle. He always feels that life is passing him by. Occasionally, people from Granville's past come into the shop. To Granville, who is ever saddled with his shop duties and bearing his uncle's belittling, their lives seem richer and more fulfilling.

text: When Granville has a fling with the milk woman (played by Barbara Flynn), his uncle is unsupportive.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text:
Character
Pilot
Series 1
Series 2
Series 3
Series 4

 Arkwright
 Ronnie Barker

 Granville
 David Jason

 Nurse Gladys Emmanuel
 Sheila Brennan
 Lynda Baron

 The Milk Woman

 Barbara Flynn

 Mrs Delphine Featherstone

 Stephanie Cole

 Mrs Blewett

 Kathy Staff

 Mavis

 Maggie Ollerenshaw

 Mrs Doris Parslow

 Frances Cox

 Cyril

 Tom Mennard

 Mrs Ellis

 Barbara Keogh

 Sue Race

 Gordon Stackpool

 Teddy Turner

 Thorndyke

 Alan Starkey

 Julie

 Helen Cotterill

 Mrs Bickerdyke

 Sandra Voe

 Mrs Scully
 Yootha Joyce

 Mrs Tattersall

 Paula Tilbrook

 Bread Man
 David Valla
 John Challis

Bert Gaunt

tag: table

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Twenty-six episodes of Open All Hours, all written by Roy Clarke, have been produced for the BBC. The show began airing in 1973 with the pilot episode and ended in 1985 after the fourth series. All episodes have a running time of 30 minutes. Between Open All Hours and Still Open All Hours, there has been a total of 53 episodes and eight series broadcast between 1973 and 2018.

text: Production[edit]

text: Series development[edit]

text: The shop is based on a little store called L E Riddiford in Thornbury, South Gloucestershire. Roy Clarke visited this small town whilst travelling around the South West and was said to have fallen in love with the shop layout and its owner, Len Riddiford. This shop is referenced in numerous Open All Hours episodes by Arkwright[citation needed].

text: Ronnie Barker proposed that Arkwright should have a stammer, and this was written into the character. Barker also co-created the premise of the dangerous till. In the series, the shop's antiquated till has a drawer that tends to snap shut suddenly. Even though this terrifies Granville and Arkwright, Arkwright leaves it to avoid the cost of buying a replacement, and because he believes it discourages burglars.

text: Filming locations[edit]

text: The exterior shots were recorded on Lister Avenue in Balby, a suburb of Doncaster; the shop itself was a hairdresser's salon, which closed for a Summer break each year in order to allow filming by the BBC. It remains a hairdresser's salon. The same location was used for the sequel series Still Open All Hours. The pilot episode (featured in the series Seven of One) used a shop front on the western intersection of Drayton Avenue and Manor Road, Ealing, London for exterior filming.

text: In the first series, Gladys Emmanuel's street address is 34 Lister Avenue, Balby, Doncaster, South Yorkshire. The address changes to number 32 in the second series.

text: The local council considered demolishing the shop used in Open All Hours. A fan created a web site to garner support for preserving it. The shop was to be auctioned in Leeds on 24 November 2008, and was expected to fetch between £120,000 and £130,000; however, all bids fell short of the reserve price.[2][3][4]

text: Three years earlier, a different sort of auction commemorated the programme. The BBC donated, to the British Stammering Association, two of the false moustaches worn by Ronnie Barker in the series. The BSA auctioned the moustaches at their London conference in September 2005 (shortly before Barker's death).

text: Theme tune[edit]

text: The show's theme tune is a song called "Alice, Where Art Thou?", written by Joseph Ascher. It was arranged for brass band and performed by Max Harris, who also wrote the incidental music for the programme.[5][6]

text: Reception[edit]

text: At the time of the programme's airing, it was widely known[by whom?] that some viewers objected to the show's reliance on a speech impediment for some of its laughs[citation needed]. Even so, Ronnie Barker's character was so amiable and the humour good-natured enough that most deemed it an unmalicious portrayal. Barker also notes in his autobiography "It's Hello from Him" that he received a letter which began "We are a family of stutterers...", that made his heart sink. However, the writer went on to praise his portrayal and added that the whole family found the character hilarious.

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: Books[edit]

text: Two books related to the programme have been released in the UK. One was written by Graham McCann and published by BBC Books in October 2014 and the other one, a 'novelisation' based on scripts for the first series, was written by Christine Sparks and was published by BBC Books.

text: Open All Hours

tag: ul

text:
This was published in February 1981 which is based on the original programme.
Sparks, Christine (February 1981). Open All Hours:[Papercover]. BBC Books. ISBN 0563179244. [7]

text: This was published on October 30, 2014. McCann, Graham (30 October 2014). Still Open All Hours: The Story of a Classic Comedy [Hardcover]. BBC Books. ISBN 1849908869. [8]

text: VHS releases[edit]

text: 15 various selected episodes of the series were released on five VHS cassettes by BBC Video on 28 February 1995, 12 June 1995, 3 June 1996, 2 June 1997 and 2 March 1998. Universal Playback under licence by BBC Worldwide released Series 1 and 2 as a three tape boxset on 19 August  2002 and Series 3 and 4 as a three tape set boxset on 2 June 2003.

text: DVD releases[edit]

text:
All four series have been released in Regions 2 and 4, both individually and in box sets.
Region 1 has released the box set but the series have not been released individually.
In Australia, the BBC with Roadshow released "Series One: Episodes 1–3 Comedy Bites" in 2010.

text:
DVD Title

Discs

Year

Ep. No,

DVD releases

Notes

Region 1

Region 2

Region 4

Complete Series 1

1

1973 and 1976

7

30 September 2002

1 April 2003

Includes the 1973 pilot

Complete Series 2

1

1981

7

29 September 2003

3 December 2003

Complete Series 3

1

1982

6

4 October 2004

2 March 2005

Complete Series 4

1

1985

6

31 October 2005

8 August 2006

Complete Series 1–4

4

1973–1985

26

9 June 2009

13 November 2006

1 August 2007

Includes the 1973 pilot

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In 1984, at which time no new episodes of the series had been produced for two years, a spin-off was proposed based around Lynda Baron's character, Nurse Gladys Emmanuel. Given the working title Call the Nurse, this spin-off series would have followed Nurse Gladys as she visited various eccentric and demanding patients. The characters of Arkwright and Granville were not written to appear, and Roy Clarke was keen to develop a new set of supporting characters rather than rely on those already built up for Open All Hours. A thirty minute pilot was written but did not enter production as the BBC turned down the series; instead, Open All Hours returned for it's fourth and what would be final series the following year.

text: A sequel, entitled Still Open All Hours, was created in 2013 by original writer Roy Clarke and featuring several original cast members, including David Jason, Lynda Baron, Stephanie Cole and Maggie Ollerenshaw. On 30 January 2014, the BBC commissioned Still Open All Hours for six new episodes beginning on 26 December 2014.[9] The show later returned for a second series, beginning on 26 December 2015.[10] In January 2016, David Jason revealed that a third series would be produced in 2016. The series began airing on 26 December 2016.[11] The series returned for a fourth series, beginning on 28 December 2017.[12]


document_title: Bank of England £1 note

question_text: when did the pound note cease to be legal tender

text: Bank of England £1 note

text: History[edit]

text: One pound notes were introduced by the Bank of England for the first time in 1797, following gold shortages caused by the French Revolutionary Wars. The earliest notes were handwritten, and were issued as needed to individuals. These notes were written on one side only and bore the name of the payee, the date, and the signature of the issuing cashier. Between 1797 and 1821 the lack of bullion meant that banks would not exchange banknotes for gold, but after the end of the Napoleonic Wars the shortage was alleviated such that notes could be exchanged for an equivalent amount of gold when presented at the bank. One pound notes ceased to be issued in 1821 and were replaced by gold sovereigns.[1]

text: During the First World War the British Government wanted to maintain its stocks of gold and so banks were ordered to again stop exchanging any and all denominations of banknotes for gold. Gold sovereigns were replaced by one pound notes issued by the Treasury. These notes were nicknamed "Bradburys" because of the prominent signature of Sir John Bradbury, Permanent Secretary to the Treasury displayed on the notes.[2] Britain returned to the gold standard in 1925, although the Bank of England was only obliged to exchange notes for gold in multiples of 400 troy ounces (12,000 g) (the typical size of a "Good Delivery bar") or more. The responsibility for the printing of one pound notes was transferred to the Bank of England in 1928, and the ability to redeem banknotes for gold ceased in 1931 when Britain stopped using the gold standard.[1]

text: The Bank of England's first post-World War I one pound notes were two-sided green notes which were printed – not handwritten. The name of the payee was replaced by the declaration "I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of one pound". This declaration remains on Bank of England banknotes to this day. This signature of the issuing cashier was replaced by the printed signature of the Chief Cashier of the Bank of England. In 1940, following the outbreak of the Second World War, one pound notes were issued in a new blue-orange colour scheme to deter counterfeiters, although the design remained the same. At the same time, metal thread running the paper was introduced as a security feature. After the war one pound notes were issued in their original green colour. The earliest post-World War II notes did not have the metallic thread security feature, but those issued from September 1948 onward did.[2]

text: A new design for one pound notes was introduced in 1960, with the old notes ceasing to be legal tender in 1962. These new series C notes were slightly narrower, and were the first one-pound notes to feature a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II on the front. The reverse design incorporated the logo of the Bank of England. Series C notes were replaced by the series D notes from 1978 onward. These slightly smaller notes featured an entirely new design with Queen Elizabeth II on the front and scientist Isaac Newton on the back. The note was redesigned slightly in 1981 to feature brighter background colours.[2] Following a consultation with retailers and other groups it was announced on 31 July 1981 that the one pound note would be replaced by a one pound coin. Part of the reason for this change was that notes, on average, lasted only nine months in general circulation, while coins could last forty years or more. The government also believed that the growing vending industry would benefit from the introduction of a one-pound coin. The new cupro-nickel coin was introduced on 21 April 1983 and the one pound note ceased to be legal tender on 11 March 1988.[2][3]

text: Designs[edit]

text:
Note
First issued
Last issued
Ceased to be legal tender
Colour
Size
Design
Picture
Additional information

White
2 March 1797
1821/1825–6
Unknown
Monochrome (printed on one side only)
200mm x 113mm (may vary)

1st Series Treasury Issue
7 August 1914
Unknown
12 June 1920
Black on White (printed on one side only)
127mm x 64mm
Designed at Royal Mint from sketches by Frederick Atterbury. Signed by Sir John Bradbury

2nd Series Treasury Issue
29 March 1914
Unknown
12 June 1920
Black on White (printed one side only)
149mm x 83mm
George Eve. Printed by LA Rue & Co on banknote paper.

3rd Series Treasury Issue
22 January 1917
Unknown
1 August 1933
Brown & Green
151mm x 84mm
Front: Britannia; Back: Bank of England
Reissue of unthreaded pre-war notes

Series A (1st issue)
22 November 1928
Unknown
28 May 1962
Green
151mm x 85mm
Front: Britannia; Back: Saint George and the Dragon

Emergency wartime issue
29 March 1940
Unknown
28 May 1962
Pale blue and orange
151mm x 85mm
Front: Britannia; Back: Saint George and the Dragon
Incorporated metal thread for the first time; same design as series A

[[File:|thumb]]

Series A (2nd issue)
17 June 1948
Unknown
28 May 1962
Green
151mm x 85mm
Front: Britannia; Back: Saint George and the Dragon
Reissue of unthreaded pre-war notes

File:BE54

Series A (3rd issue)
13 September 1948
Unknown
28 May 1962
Green
151mm x 85mm
Front: Britannia; Back: Saint George and the Dragon
Metal thread introduced permanently

Series C
17 March 1960
1978
31 May 1979
Green
151mm x 72mm
Front: Queen Elizabeth II; Back: Bank of England logo
First £1 note to carry portrait of monarch

Series D
9 February 1978
31 December 1984
11 March 1988
Predominantly green
135mm x 67mm
Front: Queen Elizabeth II; Back: Isaac Newton
Those issued from 20 March 1981 onward featured additional background colours.

text: Information taken from Bank of England website.[1][2]


document_title: List of National Basketball Association career scoring leaders

question_text: what nba player scored the most points in a career

text: Scoring leaders[edit]

text: The following is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season points scored.

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[2]

§
1st time nominee for Hall of Fame in 2018[3]

text:
Rank
Player
Position(s)
Team(s) played for (years)[4]
Total points
Games
played
Points
per game
average[5]
Field goals
made
Three-point
field goals
made[6]
Free
throws
made

1
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar*[7]
C
Milwaukee Bucks (1969–1975)
Los Angeles Lakers (1975–1989)
38,387
1,560
24.6
15,837
1
6,712

2
Malone, KarlKarl Malone*
PF
Utah Jazz (1985–2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)
36,928
1,476
25.0
13,528
85
9,787

3
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant†
SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)
33,643
1,346
25.0
11,719
1,827
8,378

4
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
SG
Chicago Bulls (1984–1993, 1995–1998)
Washington Wizards (2001–2003)
32,292
1,072
30.1
12,192
581
7,327

5
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
C
Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors (1959–1965)
Philadelphia 76ers (1965–1968)
Los Angeles Lakers (1968–1973)
31,419
1,045
30.1
12,681
0
6,057

6
Nowitzki, DirkDirk Nowitzki^
PF/C
Dallas Mavericks (1999–present)
31,005
1,455
21.3
10,966
1,886
7,187

7
James, LeBronLeBron James^
SF/PF
Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010, 2014–present)
Miami Heat (2010–2014)
30,387
1,121
27.1
11,039
1,570
6,739

8
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
C
Orlando Magic (1992–1996)
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2004)
Miami Heat (2004–2008)
Phoenix Suns (2008–2009)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2009–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010–2011)
28,596
1,207
23.7
11,330
1
5,935

9
Malone, MosesMoses Malone*
C
Buffalo Braves (1976)
Houston Rockets (1976–1982)
Philadelphia 76ers (1982–1986, 1993–1994)
Washington Bullets (1986–1988)
Atlanta Hawks (1988–1991)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1993)
San Antonio Spurs (1994–1995)
27,409
1,329
20.6
9,435
8
8,531

10
Hayes, ElvinElvin Hayes*
PF/C
San Diego/Houston Rockets (1968–1972, 1981–1984)
Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets (1972–1981)
27,313
1,303
21.0
10,976
5
5,356

11
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*[8]
C
Houston Rockets (1984–2001)
Toronto Raptors (2001–2002)
26,946
1,238
21.8
10,749
25
5,423

12
Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson*
PG
Cincinnati Royals (1960–1970)
Milwaukee Bucks (1970–1974)
26,710
1,040
25.7
9,508
0
7,694

13
Wilkins, DominiqueDominique Wilkins*
SF
Atlanta Hawks (1982–1994)
Los Angeles Clippers (1994)
Boston Celtics (1994–1995)
San Antonio Spurs (1996–1997)
Orlando Magic (1999)
26,668
1,074
24.8
9,963
711
6,031

14
Duncan, TimTim Duncan†
PF/C
San Antonio Spurs (1997–2016)
26,496
1,392
19.0
10,285
30
5,896

15
Pierce, PaulPaul Pierce†
SF/SG
Boston Celtics (1999–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Washington Wizards (2014–2015)
Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2017)
26,397
1,343
19.7
8,668
2,143
6,918

16
Havlicek, JohnJohn Havlicek*
SF/SG
Boston Celtics (1962–1978)
26,395
1,270
20.8
10,513
0
5,369

17
Garnett, KevinKevin Garnett†
PF/C
Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–2007, 2015–2016)
Boston Celtics (2007–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2015)
26,071
1,462
17.8
10,505
174
4,887

18
English, AlexAlex English*
SF
Milwaukee Bucks (1976–1978)
Indiana Pacers (1978–1980)
Denver Nuggets (1980–1990)
Dallas Mavericks (1990–1991)
25,613
1,193
21.5
10,659
18
4,277

19
Miller, ReggieReggie Miller*
SG
Indiana Pacers (1987–2005)
25,279
1,389
18.2
8,241
2,560
6,237

20
West, JerryJerry West*
PG/SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1960–1974)
25,192
932
27.0
9,016
0
7,160

21
Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony^
SF
Denver Nuggets (2003–2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2017)
Oklahoma City Thunder (2017–present)
25,173
1,036
24.3
8,999
1,299
5,876

22
Ewing, PatrickPatrick Ewing*
C
New York Knicks (1985–2000)
Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001)
Orlando Magic (2001–2002)
24,815
1,183
21.0
9,702
19
5,392

23
Carter, VinceVince Carter^
SG/SF
Toronto Raptors (1999–2004)
New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)
Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)
24,773
1,388
17.8
8,956
2,090
4,771

24
Allen, RayRay Allen§
SG
Milwaukee Bucks (1996–2003)
Seattle SuperSonics (2003–2007)
Boston Celtics (2007–2012)
Miami Heat (2012–2014)
24,505
1,300
18.9
8,567
2,973
4,398

25
Iverson, AllenAllen Iverson*
SG/PG
Philadelphia 76ers (1996–2006, 2009–2010)
Denver Nuggets (2006–2008)
Detroit Pistons (2008–2009)
Memphis Grizzlies (2009)
24,368
914
26.7
8,467
1,059
6,375

26
Barkley, CharlesCharles Barkley*
PF
Philadelphia 76ers (1984–1992)
Phoenix Suns (1992–1996)
Houston Rockets (1996–2000)
23,757
1,073
22.1
8,435
538
6,349

27
Parish, RobertRobert Parish*
C
Golden State Warriors (1976–1980)
Boston Celtics (1980–1994)
Charlotte Hornets (1994–1996)
Chicago Bulls (1996–1997)
23,334
1,611
14.5
9,614
0
4,106

28
Dantley, AdrianAdrian Dantley*
SF
Buffalo Braves (1976–1977)
Indiana Pacers (1977)
Los Angeles Lakers (1977–1979)
Utah Jazz (1979–1986)
Detroit Pistons (1986–1989)
Dallas Mavericks (1989–1990)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991)
23,177
955
24.3
8,169
7
6,832

29
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
SF
Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers (1958–1971)
23,149
846
27.4
8,693
0
5,763

30
Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
SG
Portland Trail Blazers (1983–1995)
Houston Rockets (1995–1998)
22,195
1,086
20.4
8,335
827
4,698

31
Wade, DwyaneDwyane Wade^
SG
Miami Heat (2003–2016, 2018–present)
Chicago Bulls (2016–2017)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2017–2018)
21,900
967
22.6
7,966
457
5,511

32
Payton, GaryGary Payton*
PG
Seattle SuperSonics (1990–2003)
Milwaukee Bucks (2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)
Boston Celtics (2004–2005)
Miami Heat (2005–2007)
21,813
1,335
16.3
8,708
1,132
3,265

33
Bird, LarryLarry Bird*
SF/PF
Boston Celtics (1979–1992)
21,791
897
24.3
8,591
649
3,960

34
Greer, HalHal Greer*
SG/PG
Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers (1958–1973)
21,586
1,122
19.2
8,504
0
4,578

35
Bellamy, WaltWalt Bellamy*
C
Chicago Packers/Zephyrs/Baltimore Bullets (1961–1965)
New York Knicks (1965–1968)
Detroit Pistons (1968–1970)
Atlanta Hawks (1970–1974)
New Orleans Jazz (1974)
20,941
1,043
20.1
7,914
0
5,113

36
Pettit, BobBob Pettit*
PF/C
Milwaukee/St. Louis Hawks (1954–1965)
20,880
792
26.4
7,349
0
6,182

37
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
C
San Antonio Spurs (1989–2003)
20,790
987
21.1
7,365
25
6,035

38
Gervin, GeorgeGeorge Gervin*
SG/SF
San Antonio Spurs (1976–1985)
Chicago Bulls (1985–1986)
20,708
791
26.2
8,045
77
4,541

39
Gasol, PauPau Gasol^
C/PF
Memphis Grizzlies (2001–2008)
Los Angeles Lakers (2008–2014)
Chicago Bulls (2014–2016)
San Antonio Spurs (2016–present)
20,622
1,177
17.5
7,880
169
4,693

40
Durant, KevinKevin Durant^
SF/SG
Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder (2007–2016)
Golden State Warriors (2016–present)
20,526
757
27.1
6,959
1,399
5,209

41
Richmond, MitchMitch Richmond*
SG
Golden State Warriors (1988–1991)
Sacramento Kings (1991–1998)
Washington Wizards (1999–2001)
Los Angeles Lakers (2001–2002)
20,497
976
21.0
7,305
1,326
4,561

42
Johnson, JoeJoe Johnson^
SG/SF
Boston Celtics (2001–2002)
Phoenix Suns (2002–2005)
Atlanta Hawks (2005–2012)
Brooklyn Nets (2012–2016)
Miami Heat (2016)
Utah Jazz (2016–2018)
Houston Rockets (2018–present)
20,302
1,258
16.1
7,783
1,967
2,769

43
Chambers, TomTom Chambers
PF
San Diego Clippers (1981–1983)
Seattle SuperSonics (1983–1988)
Phoenix Suns (1988–1993)
Utah Jazz (1993–1995)
Charlotte Hornets (1997)
Philadelphia 76ers (1997)
20,049
1,107
18.1
7,378
227
5,066

44
Jamison, AntawnAntawn Jamison
PF/SF
Golden State Warriors (1999–2003)
Dallas Mavericks (2003–2004)
Washington Wizards (2004–2010)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2010–2012)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2013)
Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2014)
20,042
1,083
18.5
7,679
1,163
3,521

45
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton*
PG
Utah Jazz (1984–2003)
19,711
1,504
13.1
7,039
845
4,788

46
King, BernardBernard King*
SF
New Jersey Nets (1977–1979, 1993)
Utah Jazz (1979)
Golden State Warriors (1980–1982)
New York Knicks (1982–1985, 1987)
Washington Bullets (1987–1991)
19,655
874
22.5
7,830
23
3,972

47
Robinson, CliffordClifford Robinson
PF/SF
Portland Trail Blazers (1989–1997)
Phoenix Suns (1997–2001)
Detroit Pistons (2001–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2005)
New Jersey Nets (2005–2007)
19,591
1,380
14.2
7,389
1,253
3,560

48
Davis, WalterWalter Davis
SG/SF
Phoenix Suns (1977–1988)
Denver Nuggets (1988–1991, 1991–1992)
Portland Trail Blazers (1991)
19,521
1,033
18.9
8,118
157
3,128

49
Cummings, TerryTerry Cummings
PF
San Diego Clippers (1982–1984)
Milwaukee Bucks (1984–1989, 1995–1996)
San Antonio Spurs (1989–1995)
Seattle SuperSonics (1996–1997)
Philadelphia 76ers (1997–1998)
New York Knicks (1998)
Golden State Warriors (1999–2000)
19,460
1,183
16.4
8,045
44
3,326

50
Lanier, BobBob Lanier*
C
Detroit Pistons (1970–1980)
Milwaukee Bucks (1980–1984)
19,248
959
20.1
7,761
2
3,724

text: Progressive list of scoring leaders[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of scoring leaders showing how the record increased through the years.[1]

text:
Team abbreviations
Team(s) listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

ATL
Atlanta Hawks
DET
Detroit Pistons
MIL
Milwaukee Bucks
PHX
Phoenix Suns

BOS
Boston Celtics
FTW
Fort Wayne Pistons
MIN
Minnesota Timberwolves
PHW
Philadelphia Warriors

BUF
Buffalo Braves
GSW
Golden State Warriors
MNL
Minneapolis Lakers
SAS
San Antonio Spurs

CHI
Chicago Bulls
HOU
Houston Rockets
NOJ
New Orleans Jazz
SDR
San Diego Rockets

CHS
Chicago Stags
IND
Indiana Pacers
NOP
New Orleans Pelicans
SFW
San Francisco Warriors

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
KCO
Kansas City-Omaha Kings
OKC
Oklahoma City Thunder
STL
St. Louis Hawks

DAL
Dallas Mavericks
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
ORL
Orlando Magic
SYR
Syracuse Nationals

DEN
Denver Nuggets
MIA
Miami Heat
PHI
Philadelphia 76ers
UTA
Utah Jazz

text:
Scoring Leader at the end of every season

Season
Year-by-year leader
Points
Active player points leader
Total points
Career points record
Total points
Single-season points record
Points
Season

1946–47
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
Joe Fulks*000PHW
1,389
1946–47

1947–48
Max Zaslofsky000CHS
1,007
2,338
2,338
1947–48

1948–49
George Mikan*000MNL
1,698
3,898
3,898
George Mikan*000MNL
1,698
1948–49

1949–50
1,865
4,863
4,863
1,865
1949–50

1950–51
1,932
6,099
6,099
1,932
1950–51

1951–52
Paul Arizin*000PHW
1,674
7,021
7,021
1951–52

1952–53
Neil Johnston*000PHW
1,564
George Mikan*000MNL
8,460
George Mikan*000MNL
8,460
1952–53

1953–54
1,759
9,766
9,766
1953–54

1954–55
1,631
Max Zaslofsky000FTW
7,902
1954–55

1955–56
Bob Pettit*000STL
1,849
George Mikan*000MNL
10,156
10,156
1955–56

1956–57
Paul Arizin*000PHW
1,817
Ed Macauley*000STL
10,150
1956–57

1957–58
George Yardley*000DET
2,001
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
11,764
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
11,764
George Yardley*000DET
2,001
1957–58

1958–59
Bob Pettit*000STL
2,105
13,298
13,298
Bob Pettit*000STL
2,105
1958–59

1959–60
Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHW 1959–62
000SFW 1962–65
000PHI 1965–66
2,707
14,987
14,987
Wilt Chamberlain*000PHW
2,707
1959–60

1960–61
3,033
16,855
16,855
3,033
1960–61

1961–62
4,029
17,677
17,677
4,029
1961–62

1962–63
3,586
18,304
18,304
1962–63

1963–64
2,948
Bob Pettit*000STL
19,756
Bob Pettit*000STL
19,756
1963–64

1964–65
2,534
20,880
20,880
1964–65

1965–66
2,649
Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHI 1965–68
000LAL 1968–73
21,486
Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHI 1965–68
000LAL 1968–73
21,486
1965–66

1966–67
Rick Barry*000SFW
2,775
23,442
23,442
1966–67

1967–68
Dave Bing*000DET
2,142
25,434
25,434
1967–68

1968–69
Elvin Hayes*000SDR
2,327
27,098
27,098
1968–69

1969–70
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000MIL
2,361
27,426
27,426
1969–70

1970–71
2,596
29,122
29,122
1970–71

1971–72
2,822
30,335
30,335
1971–72

1972–73
Tiny Archibald*000KCO
2,719
31,419
31,419
1972–73

1973–74
Bob McAdoo*000BUF
2,261
Oscar Robertson*000MIL
26,710
1973–74

1974–75
2,831
John Havlicek*000BOS
22,389
1974–75

1975–76
2,427
23,678
1975–76

1976–77
Pete Maravich*000NOJ
2,273
25,073
1976–77

1977–78
George Gervin*000SAS
2,232
26,395
1977–78

1978–79
2,365
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*
000LAL
22,141
1978–79

1979–80
2,585
24,175
1979–80

1980–81
Adrian Dantley*000UTA
2,452
26,270
1980–81

1981–82
George Gervin*000SAS
2,551
28,088
1981–82

1982–83
Alex English*000DEN
2,326
29,810
1982–83

1983–84
Adrian Dantley*000UTA
2,418
31,527
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000LAL
31,527
1983–84

1984–85
Michael Jordan*000CHI
2,313
33,262
33,262
1984–85

1985–86
Alex English*000DEN
2,414
35,108
35,108
1985–86

1986–87
Michael Jordan*000CHI
3,041
36,474
36,474
1986–87

1987–88
2,868
37,639
37,639
1987–88

1988–89
2,633
38,387
38,387
1988–89

1989–90
2,753
Moses Malone*
000ATL 1989–91
000MIL 1991–93
000PHI 1993–94
000SAS 1994–95
24,868
1989–90

1990–91
2,580
25,737
1990–91

1991–92
2,404
27,016
1991–92

1992–93
2,541
27,066
1992–93

1993–94
David Robinson*000SAS
2,383
27,360
1993–94

1994–95
Shaquille O'Neal*000ORL
2,315
27,409
1994–95

1995–96
Michael Jordan*000CHI
2,491
Michael Jordan*000CHI
24,489
1995–96

1996–97
2,431
26,920
1996–97

1997–98
2,357
29,277
1997–98

1998–99
Shaquille O'Neal*000LAL
1,289
Karl Malone*
000UTA 1998–2003
000LAL 2003–04
28,946
1998–99

1999–00
2,344
31,041
1999–00

2000–01
Jerry Stackhouse00DET
2,380
32,919
2000–01

2001–02
Paul Pierce†000BOS
2,144
34,707
2001–02

2002–03
Kobe Bryant†000LAL
2,461
36,374
2002–03

2003–04
Kevin Garnett†000MIN
1,987
36,928
2003–04

2004–05
Allen Iverson*000PHI
2,302
Reggie Miller*000IND
25,279
2004–05

2005–06
Kobe Bryant†000LAL
2,832
Shaquille O'Neal*
000MIA 2005–08
000PHO 2008–09
000CLE 2009–10
000BOS 2010–11
24,764
2005–06

2006–07
2,430
25,454
2006–07

2007–08
2,323
26,286
2007–08

2008–09
Dwyane Wade^000MIA
2,386
27,619
2008–09

2009–10
Kevin Durant^000OKC
2,472
28,255
2009–10

2010–11
2,161
28,596
2010–11

2011–12
1,850
Kobe Bryant†
000LAL
29,484
2011–12

2012–13
2,280
31,617
2012–13

2013–14
2,593
31,700
2013–14

2014–15
James Harden^000HOU
2,217
32,482
2014–15

2015–16
2,376
33,643
2015–16

2016–17
Russell Westbrook^000OKC
2,558
Dirk Nowitzki^000DAL
30,260
2016–17

2017–18
James Harden^000HOU
1,565
30,963
Abdul-Jabbar*0 35 yrs
38,387
Chamberlain*059 yrs
4,029
2017–18

Season
Year-by-Year Leader
Points
Active Player Points Leader
Total points
Career Points Record
Total points
Single Season Points Record
Points
Season


document_title: Ink Master (season 9)

question_text: who got eliminated on ink master season 9

text: Ink Master (season 9)

text: Judging and ranking[edit]

text: The judge listing types are:

text: Judging Panel

text: Jury of Peers

text: Shops[edit]

text: Rookies[edit]

text:
Tattoo Shop Name
Located
Contestant 1
Job
Contestant 2
Job

Allegory Arts
Florence, Alabama
Ulyss Blair
Co-Owner/Artist
Eva Huber
Co-Owner/Artist

Artistic Skin Designs
Indianapolis, Indiana
April Nicole
Artist
Dane Smith
Artist

Black Anchor Collective
Hesperia, California
Carlos Rojas
Artist
Aric Taylor
Artist

Classic Trilogy Tattoo
Mattydale, New York
Thom Bulman
Owner/Artist
Derek Zielinski
Artist

The Marked Society Tattoo
McDonough, Georgia
Wes Hogan
Artist
Mike P
Co-Owner/Artist

Pinz & Needlez
Edgewood, Maryland
Jessy Knuckles
Artist
Allisin Riot
Artist

Thicker Than Blood
White Plains, New York
Jhon Campuzano
Artist
Babiery Hernandez
Artist

Tri-Cities Tattoo
Atlanta, Georgia
Chavonna "Bang" Rhodes
Artist
Danger Dave
Artist

Unkindness Art
Richmond, Virginia
Erin Chance
Owner/Artist
Jerrett "Doom Kitten" Querubin
Artist

text: Veterans[edit]

text:
Tattoo Shop Name
Located
Contestant 1
Job
Contestant 2
Job

Basilica Tattoo
Las Vegas, Nevada
Christian Buckingham
Artist
Noelin Wheeler
Artist

Black Cobra Tattoos
Sherwood, Arkansas
Katie McGowan
Artist
Matt O'Baugh
Owner/Artist

Black Spade Tattoo
Las Vegas, Nevada
Yovan "E.S." Barraza
Artist
Josh "King Ruck" Glover
Owner/Artist

Boneface Ink Tattoo Shop
Pensacola, Florida
Anwon "Boneface" Johnson
Owner/Artist
Brandon "Hobo Ink" Allen
Artist

Empire State Studio
Amityville, New York
Tommy Helm
Owner/Artist
Marvin Silva
Artist

Golden Skull Tattoo
Las Vegas, Nevada
Aaron "Aaron Is" Michalowski
Artist
James "Cleen Rock One" Steinke
Owner/Artist

House of Monkey Tattoo
Brooklyn, New York
Lalo Yunda
Artist
Picasso Dular
Artist

Old Town Ink
Scottsdale, Arizona
Aaron "Bubba" Irwin
Owner/Artist
DJ Tambe
Artist

Think Before You Ink
Queens, New York
Richard "Made Rich" Parker
Owner/Artist
Derrick "Dtatstar" Verley
Artist

text: Shop progress[edit]

text:
No.
Shops
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Finale

No.
Flash Challenge
Winner
Allegory Arts
Unkindness Art
Old Town Ink
Unkindness Art
Old Town Ink
Artistic Skin Designs
Old Town Ink
Black Spade Tattoo
Unkindness Art
Black Cobra Tattoos
Black Cobra Tattoos
None
None
None
Golden Skull Tattoo
None
None

1
Old Town Ink

H/L
HIGH
HIGH
WIN
LOW
WIN
IN
LOW
HIGH
F/O
LOW
F/O
WIN
WIN
MASTER SHOP

2
Black Cobra Tattoos

HIGH
HIGH
IN
WIN
HIGH
F/O
LOW
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3
Basilica Tattoo

IN
IN
WIN
IN
F/O
HIGH
WIN
LOW
WIN
OUT

4
Unkindness Art
IMM
IN
IN
WIN
IN
HIGH
HIGH
LOW
IN
LOW
WIN
LOW
WIN
HIGH
OUT

5
Golden Skull Tattoo

WIN
F/O
WIN
F/O
OUT

6
Empire State Studio

LOW
HIGH
WIN
IN
OUT

7
Allegory Arts
IMM
HIGH
IN
LOW
IN
IN
IN
LOW
LOW
LOW
WIN
OUT

8
Artistic Skin Designs
WIN
WIN
HIGH
IN
IN
IN
LOW
WIN
HIGH
LOW
OUT

9
Classic Trilogy Tattoo
IN
IN
IN
IN
LOW
LOW
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
OUT

10
Pinz & Needlez
IN
LOW
WIN
HIGH
LOW
WIN
IN
IN
OUT

11
Black Spade Tattoo

LOW
LOW
LOW
OUT

12
Boneface Ink Tattoo Shop

IN
OUT

13
House of Monkey Tattoo

IN
IN
OUT

14
Think Before You Ink

LOW
LOW
OUT

15
Tri-Cities Tattoo
LOW
LOW
LOW
OUT

16
Black Anchor Collective
HIGH
IN
OUT

17
The Marked Society Tattoo
LOW
OUT

18
Thicker Than Blood
OUT

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

109
1
"Fire & Ice"
June 6, 2017 (2017-06-06)
0.90[1]

Flash Challenge – Part 1: After the artists meet Dave, Peck and Nunez at Skylands Stadium, they go into their very first Flash Challenge where they had four hours to create an ice sculpture that represents their respective shop. But that of course is not the only Flash Challenge they faced.

Winner: Allegory Arts

Flash Challenge – Part 2: The rest of the shops, except for Allegory Arts, carve out their custom logo before molding it out of molten lava. Another shop will also be safe from elimination.

Winner: Unkindness Art

Elimination Tattoo: The shops drew one of the animals as their live reference. They will then tattoo their animal in the style they picked. Thicker Than Blood, however, took a different approach and drew their tattoo without incorporating the live snake.

Top Shops: Artistic Skin Designs and Black Anchor Collective
Best Tattoo of the Day: Artistic Skin Designs
Bottom: Tri-Cities Tattoo, The Marked Society Tattoo and Thicker Than Blood
Eliminated: Thicker Than Blood

110
2
"Crossing the Line"
June 13, 2017 (2017-06-13)
0.77[2]

Returning Veteran: Bubba Irwin

Skill of the Week: Fundamentals

Flash Challenge: The shops had five hours to create an original design out of colored Post-it notes.

Winner: Old Town Ink

Elimination Tattoo: The shops put their fundamental skills to the test when they have to tattoo an illustrative blackwork design.

Top Shops: Allegory Arts, Old Town Ink and Artistic Skin Designs.
Best Tattoo of the Day: Artistic Skin Designs
Bottom: Old Town Ink, Tri-Cities Tattoo and The Marked Society Tattoo
Eliminated: The Marked Society Tattoo

111
3
"Unnatural Disasters"
June 20, 2017 (2017-06-20)
0.89[3]

Returning Veteran: Made Rich

Skill of the Week: Detail

Flash Challenge: The shops had five hours to turn one image into another with one artist working on one side while their partner worked on the other.

Winner: Unkindness Art

Elimination Tattoo: The shops must show detail in their natural disaster tattoo.

Best Tattoo of the Day: Pinz & Needlez
Bottom: Think Before You Ink, Black Anchor Collective and Tri-Cities Tattoo
Eliminated: Black Anchor Collective

112
4
"Lend Me Your Ear"
June 27, 2017 (2017-06-27)
0.89[4]

Returning Veterans: Lalo and Picasso

Skill of the Week: Technical Application

Flash Challenge: The shops had two hours to create identical micro ear tattoos. Since winning the last Elimination Tattoo, Pinz and Needles picked their canvas first while the rest of the canvases handled their skull picks.

Winner: Old Town Ink

Elimination Tattoo: The shops tattoo a pair of black and grey cherubs at the same time. Since the judges were divided in choosing the winner, it was clear that one individual from each shop were the standouts in this Elimination Tattoo.

Top Shops: Unkindness Art and Pinz & Needlez
Best Tattoo of the Day: Unkindness Art
Bottom: Think Before You Ink, Tri-Cities Tattoo and Allegory Arts
Eliminated: Tri-Cities Tattoo

113
5
"War and Ink"
July 11, 2017 (2017-07-11)
0.89[5]

Returning Veterans: King Ruck and E.S.

Skill of the Week: Composition

Flash Challenge Inspired by Corona Extra, the shops had four hours to help give the canvas the moment they lived.

Winner: Artistic Skin Designs

Elimination Tattoo: The shops go to war with color realistic battle scenes. But the battle for survival arises near the end when Pinz And Needles' canvas second guessing the design of her tattoo while Classic Trilogy Tattoo's canvas passed out.

Best Tattoo of the Day: Old Town Ink
Bottom: Think Before You Ink, Classic Trilogy Tattoo and Pinz & Needlez
Eliminated: Think Before You Ink

114
6
"Get the Flock Outta Here"
July 18, 2017 (2017-07-18)
N/A

Returning Veteran: Boneface
Skill of the Week: Artistry
Flash Challenge: The shops had five hours to create a work of art by first drawing on a black inhesive board before using one of the colored velvet powder over their design.

Winner: Old Town Ink

Elimination Tattoo: Each shop must show their true artistry by doing a freehand tattoo. Each artist had three hours to draw the design on skin. Then, its respective partner will tattoo the drawn piece for six hours.

Top Shops: Unkindness Art and Pinz & Needlez
Best Tattoo of the Day: Pinz & Needlez
Bottom: Black Spade Tattoo, House of Monkey Tattoo and Classic Trilogy Tattoo
Eliminated: House of Monkey Tattoo

115
7
"On the Bubble"
July 25, 2017 (2017-07-25)
N/A

Returning Veteran: Christian Buckingham

Skill of the Week: Ingenuity

Flash Challenge: The shops had five hours to create a design on a giant sheet of bubble wrap by carefully injecting ink into each bubble

Winner: Black Spade Tattoo

Elimination Tattoo: Each shop worked on a new school tattoo with one artist tattooing the first three hours and the other tattooing the last three hours.

Top Shops: Unkindness Art and Old Town Ink
Best Tattoo of the Day: Old Town Ink
Bottom: Bone Face Ink Tattoo Shop, Black Spade Tattoo and Artistic Skin Designs
Eliminated: Bone Face Ink Tattoo Shop

116
8
"Masterpiece Mayhem"
August 1, 2017 (2017-08-01)
N/A

Returning Veterans: Matt O'Baugh and Katie McGowan

Skill of the Week: Consistency

Flash Challenge: An emotional flash challenge has the shops tattooing a replica of a little loved ones' condition onto its respective human canvas for three hours.

Winner: Unkindness Art

Elimination Tattoo: Matt and Katie's past comes back to haunt them as they and the remaining shops must to use consistency by tattooing a famous work of art.

Top Shops: Classic Trilogy Tattoo and Artistic Skin Designs
Best Tattoo of the Day: Artistic Skin Designs
Bottom: Allegory Arts, Black Spade Tattoo and Unkindness Art
Eliminated: Black Spade Tattoo

117
9
"Pin-Up Panic Attack"
August 8, 2017 (2017-08-08)
N/A

Returning Veteran: Tommy Helm

Skill of the Week: Proportion/Perspectives

Flash Challenge: The shops had five hours to create a sculpture by adding more or less of their own plaster on to a canvas.

Winner: Black Cobra Tattoos

Elimination Tattoo: The shops tackle Tommy's least favorite design that exposed his weakness in proportion, a Pin-Up tattoo. The artist and its partner were each given 30 minutes to tattoo the same canvas. Peck did not co-judge due to medical emergency due to a heart attack.

Top Shops: Basilica Tattoo and Black Cobra Tattoos
Best Tattoo of the Day: Basilica Tattoo
Bottom: Empire State Studio, Allegory Arts and Pinz & Needlez
Eliminated: Pinz & Needlez

118
10
"Drill Baby, Drill"
August 15, 2017 (2017-08-15)
N/A

Guest Judge: Tommy Montoya

Returning Veterans: Cleen Rock One and Aaron Is

Skill of the Week: Precision

Flash Challenge: The shops had five hours to create a design by drilling different holes onto a wooden canvas.

Winner: Black Cobra Tattoos

Elimination Tattoo: The shops get to work tattooing matching portraits on two different canvases.

Top Shops: Golden Skull Tattoo and Empire State Studio
Best Tattoo of the Day: Golden Skull Tattoo
Bottom: Allegory Arts, Classic Trilogy Tattoo and Artistic Skin Designs
Eliminated: Classic Trilogy Tattoo

119
11
"Grim Inker"
August 22, 2017 (2017-08-22)
N/A

Skill of the Week: Adaptability

Elimination Tattoo: The final eight shops fight for survival as four shops must work together to tattoo the Four Horseman of the Apocalypse on the human canvas at the same time. However, only one artist from each shop will do the tattooing. The first team consisted of Tommy Helm from Empire State Tattoo, Erin Chance from Unkindness Art, Ulyss Blair from Allegory Arts and Matt O'Baugh from Black Cobra Tattoos while Noelin Wheeler from Basilica Tattoo, Cleen Rock One from Golden Skull Tattoo, DJ Tambe from Old Town Ink and April Nicole from Artistic Skin Designs round out the second team.

Best Tattoo of the Day: Empire State Studio, Black Cobra Tattoos, Allegory Arts and Unkindness Art

Face Off Tattoo: Golden Skull Tattoo, Basilica Tattoo, Old Town Ink and Artistic Skin Designs have to duke it out. This time, the artist who didn't participate in the elimination tattoo must use the adaptability to tattoo a free handed design.
Eliminated: Artistic Skin Designs

120
12
"Pit Fall"
August 29, 2017 (2017-08-29)
N/A

Skill of the Week: Placement

Elimination Tattoo: The final seven shop deal with armpit tattoos by creating two six-hour coordinating pieces with one artist from each shop tattooing the left armpit and the other tattooing the right armpit the next day. In addition, Peck and Nuñez assigned the human canvases. For the second armpit tattoo, each shop had to switch canvases and finish another's shops tattoo, thus creating a head-to-head comparison.

Best Tattoo of the Day: Golden Skull Tattoo
Bottom: Allegory Arts, Unkindness Art, Old Town Ink
Eliminated: Allegory Arts

121
13
"Sell Out"
September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)
N/A

Skill of the Week Self Promotion

Elimination Tattoo - Part 1: The power was put in the hands of the human canvases as each canvas had 5 minutes to interview each shop about a tattoo they would like to get. After the interviews, the canvases drew skulls to determine a picking order.

Best Tattoo of the Day: Basilica Tattoo

Elimination Tattoo - Part 2: The human canvases picked a random number on the bottom of the skull. They will then pick one of the tattoos that was done by its respecitve shop in part one of the elimination tattoo. Black Cobra Tattoos was put up for elimination after they were not chosen by neither canvas.

Best Tattoo of the Day: Unkindness Art

Face Off Tattoo: Black Cobra Tattoo, Empire State Studio, Golden Skull Tattoo and Old Town Ink must tag team their respective partner to tattoo the style and subject that were each chosen by the winners of the elimination tattoo. Basilica picked American Traditional while Unkindness Art wants them to incorporate the style into a snake because of the show featured several artists screwing up the design in the previous seasons.

Eliminated: Empire State Studio

122
14
"Casting the First Stone"
September 12, 2017 (2017-09-12)
TBD

Skill of the Week: Cohesion

Flash Challenge: The shops had six hours to paint a nude human canvas onto a two dimensional canvas that looks seamless.

Winner: Golden Skull Tattoo

Elimination Tattoo: Final five shops deal with Asian deities in this tag team elimination tattoo.

Top Shops: Old Town Ink and Unkindness Art
Best Tattoo of the Day: Old Town Ink
Bottom: Golden Skull Tattoo, Balisica Tattoo and Black Cobra Tattoos
Eliminated: Golden Skull Tattoo

123
15
"Marathon to the Finale"
September 19, 2017 (2017-09-19)
TBD

Tattoo Marathon - Round 1: The final four shops compete in a two-part tattoo marathon that will determine who goes to the live finale.

Best Tattoo of the Day: Black Cobra Tattoos and Basilica Tattoo

Tattoo Marathon - Round 2: Old Town Ink and Unkindness Art fight for the last remaining spot in the Ink Master Live Finale.

Best Tattoo of the Day: Old Town Ink
Eliminated: Unkindness Art

124
16
"Shop Wars Finale"
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
TBD

Finale - Round 1: Twitter users voted Black Cobra Tattoos into the final two, based on the live 6-hour tattoo. Judges voted Old Town Ink into the final two based on the 35-hour master canvas black-and-gray tattoo.
Finale - Round 2: Judges voted Old Town Ink as Master Shop based on the 35-hour master canvas color tattoo.


document_title: Nigella sativa

question_text: is nigella seed the same as onion seed

question_tokens: is nigella seed the same as onion seed

text: Nigella sativa

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The genus name Nigella is a diminutive of the Latin niger (black), referring to the seeds.[5]

text: Common names[edit]

text: In English, Nigella sativa and its seed are variously called black-caraway, black-cumin, fennel-flower, nigella, nutmeg-flower, Roman-coriander,[3] and kalonji (from Hindi-Urdu).[6]

text: Blackseed and black caraway may also refer to Bunium persicum.[7]

text: Culinary uses[edit]

text: The seeds of Nigella sativa are used as a spice in Indian and Middle Eastern cuisines. The black seeds taste like a combination of onions, black pepper and oregano. They have a pungent bitter taste and smell.[6]

text: The dry-roasted seeds flavor curries, vegetables and pulses. It can be used as a "pepper" in recipes with pod fruit, vegetables, salads and poultry. In some cultures, the black seeds are used to flavor bread products. It is also used as part of the spice mixture panch phoron (meaning a mixture of five spices) and by itself in many recipes in Bengali cuisine and most recognizably in naan bread.[8] Nigella is also used in Armenian string cheese, a braided string cheese called majdouleh or majdouli in the Middle East.

text: History[edit]

text: Archaeological evidence about the earliest cultivation of N. sativa "is still scanty", but N. sativa seeds were found in several sites from ancient Egypt, including Tutankhamun's tomb.[9] Seeds were found in a Hittite flask in Turkey from the second millennium BCE.[10]

text: N. sativa may have been used as a condiment of the Old World to flavor food.[9] The Persian physician, Avicenna, in his Canon of Medicine, described N. sativa as a treatment for shortness of breath (or dyspnea).[11]

text: Chemistry[edit]

text: Nigella sativa oil contains linoleic acid, oleic acid, palmitic acid, and trans-anethole, among other minor constituents.[6]

text: Research[edit]

text: Preliminary studies have investigated claims from traditional medicine that N. sativa has efficacy as a therapy, mainly using the seed oil extract, volatile oil, and isolated constituent thymoquinone.[12] One meta-analysis of clinical trials found weak evidence that N. sativa has a short-term benefit on lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and another found limited evidence that various extracts of black seed can reduce triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol while raising HDL cholesterol.[13][14]


document_title: Xbox 360 technical problems

question_text: xbox 360 what does the red ring mean

question_tokens: xbox 360 what does the red ring mean

text: Xbox 360 technical problems

text: "General Hardware Failure" errors[edit]

text: Three flashing red lights around the Xbox 360 power button instead of the one to four green lights indicating normal operation represent an internal problem that requires service.[9] This error was soon nicknamed the "Red Ring of Death", echoing Windows' Blue Screen of Death error. Warning signs may include freeze-ups, graphical problems in the middle of gameplay, such as checkerboard or pinstripe patterns on the screen, and sound errors; mostly consisting of extremely loud noises that can be affected by the volume control, the console only responding when the power button is pressed to turn it off.[10] These events may happen once or several times until the hardware failure occurs, or not at all. If the console freezes occasionally, the error will not necessarily follow. The technical problems seem to affect some generations of consoles more than others, e.g. Xenon or Zephyr. Those problems may also cause some freezing screens.

text: This error code is usually caused by failure of one or more hardware components, although it can indicate that the console is not receiving enough power from the power supply, which can either be due to a faulty power supply or if the power supply cable is not fully inserted into the console. The 3 flashing lights can also be caused by power surges; if the console is connected to an outlet that receives a power surge, it may have a failure and the 3 lights will appear as long as the console is plugged into the outlet. Turning off the console, unplugging all power cables and plugging them back in, and restarting the console may fix this issue in some cases.[11][12]

text: Distinct from the General Hardware Failure is a similar-looking, but much less serious, error warning where four red lights appear, in which case the console does not detect an AV cable is plugged in; however, this error code is not generated on models equipped with the HDMI connection.[13] The four lights can sometimes also be seen when power surges or very brief power outages occur while the console is running, in which the console needs to be unplugged and plugged back in again to reset the error. Two red lights appear when the system is overheated.

text: On the Xbox 360 S model, the power button utilizes a different design that does not incorporate the same style of lighting that past models used.[14] A flashing red light means that the console is overheating, similar to the two-light error code on the original model Xbox 360; however, an on-screen message also appears, telling the user that the console will automatically power off to protect itself from overheating. A solid red light is similar to the one-light error if an "E XX" error message is displayed and a three-light error code if the error message is absent.

text: Response to rate of failure[edit]

text: In the early months after the console's launching, Microsoft stated that the Xbox 360's failure rate was within the consumer electronics industry's typical 3% to 5%.[15][16][17][18] Nevertheless, Microsoft has not released its official statistics on the failure rate of the various versions of the console.[19]

text: On July 5, 2007, Peter Moore, the Vice President of Microsoft's Interactive Entertainment Business division published an open letter recognizing the console's problems, as well as announcing a three-year warranty from the original date of purchase for every Xbox 360 console that experiences the "general hardware failure" indicated by three flashing red LEDs on the console.[20] A source that has been identified as a team leader and key architect in the creation of the Xbox and Xbox 360 and a founding member of the Xbox team[21][22] provided insight as to the high rate of failures. The interviews suggest that Xbox 360 units that fail early in their life do so because of problems in the system design, parts supply, material reliability, and manufacturing issues as well as a system not tolerant to faults. These issues were alleged to be the end results of the decisions of management in Microsoft's Xbox team and inadequate testing resources prior to the console's release. A second source cited that, at one time, there was just a 32% yield of one of the test production runs. 68 of every 100 test units were found to be defective.[23]

text: Years after leaving Microsoft, Moore recalled preparing to tell then CEO of Microsoft, Steve Ballmer, of his planned response to the incident, "we've got to tell Steve, here's what we have to do: we need to FedEx an empty box to a customer who had a problem - they would call us up - with a FedEx return label to send your box, and then we would FedEx it back to them and fix it. ... I always remember $240m of that was FedEx. ... It was sickening. I was doing a lot of interviews. ... We couldn't figure it out. ... There was a theory. We had changed our solder, which is the way you put the GPU and the fans, to lead-free. ... We think it was somehow the heat coming off the GPU was drying out some of the solder, and it wasn't the normal stuff we'd used, because we had to meet European Standards and take the lead out. ... He said, 'what's it going to cost?' I remember taking a deep breath, looking at Robbie, and saying, 'we think it's $1.15bn, Steve.' He said, 'do it.' There was no hesitation. ... If we hadn't made that decision there and then, and tried to fudge over this problem, then the Xbox brand and Xbox One wouldn't exist today."[24]

text: On February 8, 2008, during the Game Developers Conference 2008, Microsoft announced that the "Failure rate has officially dropped", but without mentioning any specifics.[25] The same month, electronics warranty provider SquareTrade published an examination of 1040 Xbox 360's and said that they suffered from a failure rate of 16.4% (one in six). Of the 171 failures, 60% were due to a general hardware failure (and thus fell under the 3 year extended warranty). And of the remaining 40% which were not covered by the extended warranty, 18% were disc read errors, 13% were video card failures, 13% were hard drive freezes, 10% were power issues and 7% were disc tray malfunctions.[26][27] SquareTrade also stated that its estimates are likely significantly lower than reality due to the time span of the sample (six to ten months), the eventual failure of many consoles that did not occur within this time span and the fact that most owners did not deal with SquareTrade and had their consoles repaired directly through Microsoft via the much publicized extended RROD warranty.

text: People who experience the problem will find that they have to send the Xbox 360 away for repair or replacement and it may take up to 3 weeks to repair or replace. During the time of the Xbox being replaced, Microsoft and UPS will keep the client(s) updated with the current status of where the Xbox is and whether it is being repaired or replaced.

text: On October 17, 2008 a class action lawsuit was filed in California against Microsoft over the RROD problem.[8]

text: On August 28, 2009, SquareTrade published a report saying that "early indications point to the RROD problem abating in 2009", projecting that 1-year failure rates with the release of the Jasper chipsets might be below 4%, with actual fail rates for RROD problems at slightly above 1% in Q109, and total failure rates for all hardware problems at about 12%.[28]

text: In June 2010 Microsoft released a new "slimmer" Xbox 360. These models indicate hardware failure differently from the original; The outer ring segments cannot turn red anymore. Microsoft has said that henceforth errors will be displayed by the center of the power button changing from green to red.[29] Additionally Microsoft will no longer give a 3-year warranty for "general failure" errors, because the Xbox 360 slim "constitutes a whole new design".

text: Causes[edit]

text: Microsoft has never officially released any information indicating the true cause of the problem. Therefore, any information available to the public has come only from third party analyses.

text: Electronics industry newspaper EE Times reported that the problems may have started in the graphics chip. Microsoft designed the chip in-house to cut out the traditional ASIC vendor with the goal of saving money in ASIC design costs. After multiple product failures, Microsoft went back to an ASIC vendor and had the chip redesigned so it would dissipate less heat.[30][31]

text: German computer magazine c't blamed the problem primarily on the use of the wrong type of lead-free solder, a type that when exposed to elevated temperatures for extended periods of time becomes brittle and can develop hair-line cracks that are almost irreparable.[32] The article also revealed that representatives of the three largest Xbox 360 resellers in the world (EB Games, Gamestop and Best Buy) claimed that the failure rate of the Xbox 360 was between 30% and 33%, and that Micromart, the largest repair shop in the United Kingdom, stopped repairing Xbox 360s because it was unable to fully repair the defective systems. Because of the nature of the problem, Micromart could only make temporary repairs, which led to many of the "repaired" systems failing again after a few weeks. At that time Micromart was receiving 2,500 defective consoles per day from the U.K. alone.[32]

text: Some articles also suggest that the hardware condition may also be caused by using the new Xbox Kinect with the old Xenon generation Xbox.[33]

text: Scratched discs[edit]

text: Almost at the same time the Xbox 360 was released in late 2005, customers began reporting circumferential scratches found on discs used in their Xbox 360 consoles. Almost two years later, in February 2007, the Web site "The Llamma's Adventures" investigated the matter and concluded that some Xbox 360 disc drives lack a mechanism to secure the disc solidly in place.[34] Tilting or moving consoles with these drives, when operating with a disc spinning inside, can potentially cause damage to the disc and in some cases rendering the disc unplayable as a result.[35] Discs have also been scratched by stationary consoles during normal use.[36] One side of the disc can also be scratched by the disc tray if it malfunctions by closing with the disc in an odd position.[citation needed] Also, technical engineers already knew about the problem before release confirm this with Microsoft with a list of solutions.[37] According to Microsoft, decreasing the disc rotation would cause games to take too much time to load from the disc, and adding a bumper in the disc tray would cost 25 cents per console—a total of about 11 million dollars and causing a delay of the Xbox 360 release.[citation needed] In 2005, they were accused of many technical Xbox 360 problems and a poor lack of solutions and warranty.[citation needed] According to reports in news media, the new Xbox 360 S design still scratches discs when the console is moved while spinning in operation. However, the Xbox 360 S and Xbox 360 E ships with a sticker informing users that moving the console while powered on poses risks, effectively removing responsibility from Microsoft.[38]

text: Disc replacement[edit]

text: Although discs scratched by the Xbox 360 are not covered under its warranty,[39] Microsoft's Xbox Disc Replacement Program[40] will sell customers a new copy of discs scratched by the Xbox 360, if they are published in countries where the Xbox was originally sold, at a cost of $20.[41] The published list of games that qualify, however, is limited.[42] Halo 3 Limited Edition was replaced at no cost until February 1, 2008 according to the Xbox Disc Replacement Program's main site. Other publishers can be contacted directly for a disc exchange, but it is unclear whether they will replace discs at no cost. Game publisher Electronic Arts details a specific program for this problem which requires the disc and original receipt, also the game must be purchased within 90 days of the request for a replacement disc, or will request a replacement charge of $20 or $25.[43]

text: In December 2005 (shortly after the Xbox 360's release in the United States and Canada on November 22, 2005 and around its release in Europe and Asia in early December 2005), reports of unidentifiable noises from the Xbox 360 were appearing on Internet message boards.[citation needed] In response to the problem, Microsoft offered in December 2005 to replace only the Perfect Dark Zero video game "even if it was not the game that was scratched."[44] The scratched disc problem reportedly affected only a small percentage of Xbox 360 units,[44] however it became apparent in December 2005, through message board reports and growing media coverage.[45]

text: Kassa’s February 2007 investigation[edit]

text: The Xbox 360 scratched disc problem received little media coverage in 2006;[46] however, in February 2007, the Dutch television program Kassa investigated several complaints from Dutch consumers about circular scratches made in their Xbox 360 discs.[47] Some of these consumers claimed that their discs became unreadable.[47] Kassa investigation traced the problem to a design defect in which the Xbox 360 optical lens was not restrained sufficiently.[47][48] In asserting that Microsoft or at least its chain of suppliers was aware of this problem, Kassa noted that Microsoft's "TSST"[49] versions of the Samsung DVD-drive lack rubber cushions around the optical lens while identical Samsung drives sold for PCs did have these rubber cushions.[47][48] Kassa also noted that the affected Xbox 360s all seem to have been produced towards the end of 2006.[47][48]

text: Kassa’s April 2007 investigation[edit]

text: During the February 2007 investigation report, Kassa stated that either not all Xbox 360s without protective pads would spontaneously scratch discs, or that the complaints were from Xbox 360 users who had moved their Xbox during use, or who used an unstable setup.[47] Kassa's February 2007 investigation left open the question of whether consumers contributed to the rounded scratch problem by moving their Xbox 360 (TSST version) during the playing of a disc.[50] This resulted in Kassa receiving an additional 1,000 complaints over the subsequent two months, with many consumers denying the Xbox had moved when the scratching occurred, or that it had been placed in an unstable position.[36]

text: Prompted by consumer reaction to its February 2007 report, Kassa performed several tests with Xbox 360 units from consumers who claimed their Xbox had the problem. Kassa stabilized these consoles and positioned them at a location remote from contact by anyone. The results of the laboratory conditions test revealed that one of the nine tested Xbox 360 units had spontaneously scratched a disc after five hours of gaming. The consoles were also tested standing upright, and the test revealed that three of the nine tested Xbox 360s significantly scratched discs. The video of the complete investigation, meticulously documenting the methodology, and all the relevant details of the tests, was made ready to be aired on April 14, 2007.[51] The videos are also distributed with English subtitles, for those that are not Dutch[52][53] Note that Kassa has produced and uploaded these videos itself, and therefore it is not a copyright violation to reproduce these links here. They can also be found on the Kassa Website[54] together with some press information about the case (in English). The test setup details can be found online,[55] and the complete movie of the Kassa TV program meticulously documenting the methodology used for the test can be found online (in Dutch)[56] Weeks before it aired, however, Kassa solicited input from Microsoft Netherlands.

text: One day before the airing of the April 14, 2007 show, Kassa received a response from Microsoft Netherlands stating that "as a result of regular use it is possible that scratches on discs can arise",[57][58][59] and that Microsoft Netherlands "would seek a solution for the Dutch customers with this problem".[60] Additionally, Microsoft released the following statement ten days after the show, on April 24, 2007:

text: "Due to the fact that we did not participate in the experiment done by Kassa and have little insight into the methodology that was used, we cannot comment specifically on the outcome. While we are aware that discs can potentially be scratched through normal wear and tear, we have not received any widespread reports of the issue highlighted here. That said, it is important to us that all of our customers have the best gaming experiences possible, and these claims are obviously very concerning to us. We encourage any Xbox customer who believes that their discs have been scratched in the same manner as identified by Kassa, to contact us. We will examine the console and make appropriate repairs if necessary in order to restore the console to full working order, as well as provide customers with information on how to obtain replacement discs should they need them."[61]

text: Microsoft Netherlands now accepts these complaints from users (while within the warranty period), and offers to replace the Xbox 360 free of charge. Whether Microsoft Netherlands will also replace scratched discs is still unclear. After the official broadcast, (in a continuation of the show which can be viewed on-line, about 28 minutes into the show) a customer is shown calling the Microsoft help-desk, who is told Microsoft will replace his Xbox 360 but is denied a promise to replace his scratched games.[62] There are reports from some other regions that Microsoft will replace scratched discs if published by Microsoft.[63]

text: The European Commission’s June 2007 investigation of disc scratches[edit]

text: On June 1, 2007, European Commissioner for Consumer Protection Meglena Kuneva, after talking with the producers of "Kassa" and other Dutch consumer organizations,[64] announced that the European Commission would investigate the Xbox scratching problems, and would ask Microsoft for an Xbox replacement program for the whole of Europe. She expected Microsoft’s answer within a week.[65] Informal sources now say that Microsoft’s response was to deny the problem exists, stating that "the users are to blame".[66] But Kuneva did not react to that response, and 18 months later (4th quarter 2008) the EC’s (Meglena Kuneva’s) news site was still silent about Microsoft’s response, or about the result of the "investigation".[67][68][69]

text: Lawsuit[edit]

text: A man has sued Microsoft claiming the Xbox 360 scratches game discs, saying the consoles are "negligently designed and manufactured." In the lawsuit filed on July 9, 2007 in a Florida federal court, Jorge Brouwer says Microsoft has received thousands of complaints but has not replaced all scratched discs. The lawsuit seeks class action status.[70]

text: Three law firms in Fort Lauderdale, Florida; Los Angeles, California; and Seattle, Washington are investigating consumer complaints regarding the Xbox 360. The law firms have filed lawsuits in the United States District Court Western District of Washington at Seattle on behalf of a proposed nationwide class of customers who have suffered scratched game discs while using their Xbox 360. The lawsuit seeks class certification and reimbursement for customers for the cost of games damaged by the console; reimbursement for customers who have paid a $20 fee to Microsoft Corporation under a limited disc replacement program offered on ten Microsoft games; repair of consoles free of charge to prevent further disc scratching; and/or reimbursement for customers who have paid for an aftermarket repair solution.[71]

text: BBC Watchdog investigation of Xbox 360 disc scratches (2009)[edit]

text: On March 23, 2009, the BBC's consumer interest programme Watchdog performed an investigation into how the console scratches its own discs, after Microsoft found no issues with multiple reportedly defective consoles. A sealed test, protected from any outside interference beyond accessing games, found no problems with either console. However, a further test which attempted to simulate normal household vibrations produced a disc scratch on the previously problematic console.

text: Currently, Microsoft still maintains that it is the user's fault when discs are damaged, because it "makes clear with multiple warnings not to move the console with the disc inside." It also maintains that only a minority of customers are affected by this issue. However, the company did not comment on the lab tests.[72]

text: Other[edit]

text: November 2006 update[edit]

text: An update patch released on November 1, 2006 was reported to "brick" consoles, rendering them useless.[73] The most obvious issue occurs after the installation of the patch, after which the console immediately reboots and shows an error message. Usually, error code E71 is shown during or directly after the booting animation.

text: In response to the November 2006 update error that "bricked" his console, a California man filed a class action lawsuit against Microsoft in Washington federal court in early December 2006.[74] The lawsuit seeks $5 million in damages and the free repair of any console rendered unusable by the update. This is the second such lawsuit filed against Microsoft, the first having been filed in December 2005, shortly after the 360's launch.

text: Following Microsoft's extension of the Xbox 360 warranty to a full year, from the previous 90 days, the California man's attorney confirmed to the Seattle Post Intelligencer that the lawsuit had been resolved under confidential terms.[75]

text: Video failure[edit]

text: In mid 2007, technology and gaming blogs began reporting about new problems with the Xbox 360 losing video output.[76][77] The problems are characterized by a blank, staticky, or grayscale video output with a proper functioning audio output and no flashing red lights on the console. The complete video failure is sometimes preceded by other graphical glitches such as an irregular saturation of green and/or red colors.[citation needed]

text: Others have complained about not being able to view certain movies/DVDs on their HDTV using the HDMI cable. This is likely caused by the HDTV being non-HDCP compliant.[citation needed]

text: Nyko Intercooler[edit]

text: The Nyko Intercooler has been reported to have led to a general hardware failure in a number of consoles, as well as scorching of the power DC input.[78] Microsoft stated that the peripheral drains too much power from the console (the Intercooler power cord is installed between the Xbox 360 power supply and the console itself) and can cause faults to occur, and stated that consoles fitted with the peripheral will have their warranties null and void. Nyko has recently released an updated Intercooler that uses its own power source. Nyko claims this problem no longer occurs with new versions of this cooler. However, Microsoft still considers it an unlicensed add-on and will void the warranty of machines showing signs of its use. There is no data available to indicate whether the Intercooler really does decrease the chance of hardware failure.[78] However, if the Intercooler fails, it can cause more overheating problems. The Intercooler can also melt itself onto the 360, melt the powercord inside of itself, or make itself extremely hard to remove.[79]

text: "New Xbox Experience" update issues[edit]

text: On November 19, 2008, Microsoft released the "New Xbox Experience" (NXE). This update provided streaming Netflix capability and avatars; however, some users have reported the update has caused their consoles to not properly read optical media.[1] Others have reported that the update has disabled audio through HDMI connections.[80] A Microsoft spokesperson stated the company is "aware that a handful of Xbox LIVE users are experiencing audio issues, and are diligently monitoring this issue and working towards a solution." Microsoft released a patch on February 3, 2009 for the HDMI audio issues.[81]

text: E74 error[edit]

text: An E74 error is indicated when the lower-right quadrant of the ring indicator flashes red and displays an error message in multiple languages: "System Error. Contact Xbox Customer Support", with the code E74 at the bottom. The error is caused by a solder joint under the GPU or Video output chip becoming damaged. [82] As of April 14, 2009, the E74 error is now covered by the three-year extended warranty, and customers who previously paid Microsoft for out-of-warranty service to correct the E74 error received a refund.[83][84]

text: The E74 error has sometimes been described[by whom?] as a "Green Screen of Death" and a "Black Screen of Death" because early versions of these errors had an almost jet-black background with a hue of dark green. Later versions would show a completely jet-black background. Reports of impending Q4 red-light failure stem from users who report an abnormal display with poor, grainy video as well as black dots or artifacts appearing on the screen. Vertical green or red strokes on the screen can also indicate an E74.[citation needed]

text: Secondary Error Code[edit]

text: Xbox 360 consoles which have a hardware failure will display a secondary error code by blinking a sequence of LEDs when the correct button sequence is pushed.[12][85] An error code of 0001 may represent a defect in the power supply, rather than the Xbox itself, or a short within the Xbox, or a blown capacitor.