document_title: Adidas Yeezy

question_text: when did yeezy boost 350 v2 come out

question_tokens: when did yeezy boost 350 v2 come out

root

text: Adidas Yeezy

text: History[edit]

text: Kanye West originally designed a shoe for Adidas in 2006, but it never came out. The first brand to officially collaborate with Kanye West and have a shoe line was Nike. This collaboration lasted for five years and a total of three sneaker styles were released. In 2013, after the release of the "Red Octobers" Kanye West left Nike. Kanye West wanted Nike to grant him royalties, but they denied his request. Kanye West reached out to Adidas and they agreed to give him royalties. A year after the confirmation of the Adidas and Kanye West collaboration, there was still no product. February 2015 was when the collaboration officially debuted. "Yeezy Season 1" had been very anticipated and celebrities such as Rihanna, Diddy, and Kim Kardashian were at the showing.[6]

tag: p

text: Clothing[edit]

text: "Yeezy Season 1" officially released on October 29, 2015.[7] This collection was noted for its stripped down, ready-to-wear style, which drew on military clothing and flesh-toned colors.[8] Prices ranged from $600 sweatpants to $3,000 jackets.[9] Although, the footwear sold out quickly, the apparel collection did not. After the "Yeezy Season 1" show, Adidas announced they would no longer be a part of Yeezy apparel. Instead, they will only be collaborating on footwear.[10]

text: Footwear[edit]

text: As of December, 2017, a total of 19 colorways and 6 designs have been released between the Adidas and Yeezy collaboration.[11] Through a combination of factors including popularization by celebrities, Adidas Yeezy sneakers have come to be extremely influential and highly coveted.[12]

text: Yeezy Boost 750[edit]

text: On December 3, 2013, Adidas confirmed a new shoe collaboration deal with West.[13] On February 8, 2015, the name and design for the Kanye West and Adidas collaboration shoe was revealed. On February 10 Adidas revealed posters of the Yeezy Boost 750 "Light Brown" all throughout their flagship stores. The Yeezy boost 750 "Light Brown" was initially released on February 14, 2015, exclusively for those who confirmed a reservation through the Adidas mobile app. This initial release of the Adidas Yeezy Boost 750 "Light Brown" was limited to 9000 pairs to be available only in New York City via the Adidas smartphone app; the Adidas Yeezy Boosts were sold out within 10 minutes.[14] Between February 21 and February 28 the Yeezy Boost 750 "Light Brown" was available through a wider range of retailers and boutiques. The shoe retailed for $350.[15]

text: On June 11, 2016, Yeezy Season 2 began with the second set of releases of the Yeezy Boost 750 "Glow in the Dark". The shoe was sold in an all-grey color scheme with a phosphorescent (glow-in-the-dark) gum outsole. This was the first time a glow-in-the-dark sole has been featured since the [Nike Air Yeezy] line. The shoe features improved materials such as higher quality suede and leather. Like the previous 750s, this was sold for a retail price of $350.

text: The next Yeezy Boost 750 featured a brown suede and leather upper with the same fluorescent sole as the previous model. This colorway was dubbed "Chocolate" and retailed for $350 like all previous 750 models. There have been no further releases of the sneaker.

text: Yeezy Boost 350[edit]

text: On June 27, 2015, the second shoe from the collaboration, the Yeezy Boost 350 was made available through a worldwide release.[16] The shoe was first released in a white and grey "Turtle Dove" Color scheme. On August 22, 2015, an all-black version of the Yeezy Boost 350 released, known as the "Pirate Black."[17] An olivine variant, the "Moonrock," was released exclusively to stores who were vendors for the Yeezy Season 1 clothing line.[18] The fourth and final version of Season 1's 350 Boost was the "Oxford Tan," which featured a light-brown color scheme.[19] In early 2016, a revised version of the Pirate Black colorway was released. Revisions included additional support and padding to the heel.[20] However, both iterations are relatively identical in appearance. All variants of the shoe retailed for $200.[21]

text: On August 27, 2016, the Yeezy Boost 350 re-released in infant sizes. The shoe was released in the "Turtle Dove" and "Pirate Black" color scheme.[22] There have been no further releases or restocks of the sneaker.

text: Yeezy 950[edit]

text: The Yeezy 950 was first released on October 29, 2015 at select retail stores and online.[23] It was part of the Yeezy season 1 collection and came in three different colorways: Peyote, Moonrock, Chocolate, and Pirate black. Each shoe was retailed at $585 USD.[24] "The Adidas Yeezy 950 extended the Kanye West and Adidas partnership outside of the sneaker space with its military duckboot inspired design."[25] There have been no further releases of the sneaker.

text: Yeezy 350 Cleat[edit]

text: The Adidas Yeezy 350 Football Boost "Turtle dove" colorway was originally released on September 15, 2016.[26] The Yeezy 350 cleat "Turtle Dove" is the first athletic footwear product from the Adidas and Yeezy collaboration. "The shoe took the overall look and feel of the adidas Yeezy Boost 350 however they installed a Primeknit upper reinforced with SprintSkin sitting on a 5-star cleat frame."[27] The cleat was designed for football and it had made its first appearance in a 2016 NFL kickoff game. Texans wide receiver DeAndre Hopkins was fined $6,000 for wearing the cleats because they broke the NFL uniform policy by not having a solid base color.[28]

text: There have been no further releases of this cleat

text: Yeezy Boost 350 V2[edit]

text: The Yeezy Boost 350 V2 "Beluga" was revealed at the Yeezy Season 3 show and was released on September 24, 2016. It is considered a remake of the previous Yeezy Boost 350 and features several outer changes, such as a different pattern, removed heel tab, and a large stripe running around the outer side of the shoe with the characters "SPLY-350". The sole also has been updated to be transparent and features full-length visibility of the boost material midsole through a grid-pattern opening on the outsole. September 24, 2016, was the release date of the Yeezy Boost V2 "Beluga".[29] It featured an all Grey outsole and primeknit, with a large colored orange stripe with the words "SPLY-350". On November 23, 2016, three new colorways released, "Copper", "Green", and "Red", featuring an all black outsole and primeknit, with a large colored stripe with the words "SPLY-350". A Core Black/Core White colorway, dubbed "Oreo", was released December 17, 2016, which also featured a black outsole and prime knit, as well as a white stripe across the shoe.

text: A notable adaption to the Yeezy Boost 350 V2 line was made when a black and red "Bred" colorway released February 11, 2017.[30] The colorway possesses a "triple black" colorway, with the "SPLY-350" displayed in a red tint. Additionally, it officially became the first to opt out the prominent stripe on previous models. A "Zebra" colorway was released on February 25, 2017 and later restocked online and in various adidas stores and retailers on June 24, 2017. The colorway featured prominent black stripes over a never before seen white overlay, prompting a surge of value and hype from the sneaker community.[31] On April 29, 2017, a long-awaited model labeled as "Cream White" was released to the public.[32] All shoe colorways have been released for a retail price of $220.

text: Three new colorways of the Yeezy 350 V2 model have surfaced. A "Semi-Frozen Yellow" colorway featuring a bright yellow prime knit upper and unique "gum soles" released on November 18, 2017 in limited quantity.[33] Additionally, a colorway with a strikingly familiar pattern to the first release of the Yeezy 350 V2, dubbed the "Beluga 2.0," released at various retailers in large quantity seven days after the "Semi-Frozen Yellow" on November 25, 2017.[34] It subsequently restocked on the 30th of November. The third colorway, "Blue Tint," will be releasing on the 16th of December. All colorways have opted to possess consistent prime knit patterns without a prominent stripe on the sides, however, the iconic "SPLY-350" will still be retained on all three pairs with prices being set at $220.

text: Several other iterations of the shoe have been rumored to make its return in 2018; featuring one with a displaced "SPLY-350" and a dull grey primeknit pattern, a "Sesame" graphic featuring a gum sole similar to that of the "Semi-Frozen Yellow", and a "Ice Yellow" similar to the "Cream White" colorway are all rumored to release in the summer of 2018.[35] All rumors are subject to change.

text: Yeezy Powerphase[edit]

text: The Adidas Powerphase "Calabasas" was released on March 28, 2017.[36] "The retro sneakers are an update of an Adidas trainer from the '80s. They feature a premium white leather upper with perforated striped, green Adidas branding and a red Trefoil logo."[37] A tonal grey colorway released globally on the 9th of December for a retail price of $120. [38]

text: Yeezy Boost 700[edit]

text: The Adidas Yeezy Boost 700 is the official name for Kanye West's new Adidas Yeezy running shoe. It debuted during the Yeezy Season 5 fashion show in 2017. The shoe released on August 12, 2017 for $300 exclusively via the Yeezy Supply online store. Two colorways of white/gum and black are also expected to release in 2018.[39] The shoe itself has faced large amounts of controversy due to its appearance.

text: Yeezy 500 Desert Rat[edit]

text: This Adidas Yeezy 500 was released in December 2017, as a pre-order with delivery slated for March 2018, It was only available in a Super Moon Yellow colourway, and only available in a bundle with a hoodie and sweat shorts.


document_title: United States two-dollar bill

question_text: when was the first $2 bill made

question_tokens: when was the first $ 2 bill made

text: United States two-dollar bill

text: Denomination overview[edit]

text: The denomination of two dollars was authorized under a congressional act, and first used in March 1862.[2] The denomination was continuously used until the 1960s; by this time the United States Note was the only remaining class of U.S. currency the two-dollar bill was assigned to. In 1966 it was decided to discontinue production of all United States Notes, which included the two-dollar bill.[3] The two-dollar denomination was not immediately reassigned to the Federal Reserve Note class of United States currency and was thus fully discontinued; the Treasury Department cited the two-dollar bill's low use and unpopularity as the reason for not immediately resuming use of the denomination. In 1976, production of the two-dollar denomination was resumed and the two-dollar bill was finally assigned as a Federal Reserve Note, with a new reverse design featuring John Trumbull's depiction of the drafting of the United States Declaration of Independence replacing the previous design of Monticello. It has remained a current denomination since then.[4] It was estimated that if the two-dollar bill replaced approximately half of the one-dollar bills in circulation, the federal government would be able to save about $26 million in 1976 dollars ($112 million adjusted for inflation)[5] over the period from 1976 to 1981, due to reduced production, storage, and shipping costs.[6]

text: However, due to their limited use, two-dollar bills are not printed as frequently in a new series like other denominations, which are produced according to demand.[7] Some bill acceptors found in vending machines, self checkout lanes, and other automated kiosks are configured to accommodate two-dollar bills, even if the fact is not stated on the label.[8] Although they are generally available at most banks, two-dollar bills are usually not handed out except upon specific request by the customer, and may cause a delay with a trip to the vault.[9]

text: Rarity[edit]

text: The seeming rarity of a $2 bill can be attributed to its low printing numbers as a Federal Reserve Note. Hoarding of the series due to lack of public knowledge of the $2 bill has resulted in very few bills seen in circulation. After its initial release, supplies of the Series 1976 two-dollar bill were allowed to dwindle until August 1996 when a new series dated 1995 began to be printed. This series was only printed for the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta.[10]

text: Today, there is a common misconception by the general public that the $2 bill is no longer being produced. According to the Treasury, it "receives many letters asking why the $2 bill is no longer in circulation".[11] In response, the Treasury stated: "The $2 bill remains one of our circulating currency denominations... As of April 30, 2007 there were $1,549,052,714 worth of $2 bills in circulation worldwide."

text: Things such as unusual serial numbers (example: A11111111A), and replacement notes designated by a star in the serial number can raise the collector value. "Collectible" two-dollar bills have been made and sold by coin dealers and others in recent years merely by adding colors and special graphics to regular issue bills by using computer printers. However, these bills are not authorized by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) and are not worth anything more than face value on the collectors' market.[12]

text: Certain conventions and tourism/convention bureaus capitalize on the scarcity of $2 bills in circulation, encouraging convention attendees and tourists to spend $2 bills in order to illustrate to the host communities the economic impact that the conventions and tourism bring. Sometimes known as "SpendTom" campaigns, the $2 bills linger in the community as a constant reminder. Some campaigns encourage people to participate in a hunt for the bills in order to win prizes.[13]

text: History[edit]

text: Large-sized notes[edit]

text: (approximately 7.4218 × 3.125 in ≅ 189 × 79 mm)

text: In March 1862, the first $2 bill was issued as a Legal Tender Note (United States Note) with a portrait of Alexander Hamilton; the portrait of Hamilton used was a profile view and is not the same portrait used currently for the $10 bill. The continental congress based on defending the United States, released on June 25, 1776, began to authorize $2 credit, the circulation of 49,000 copies. Pass two-dollar bill was first used in March 1862. Between 1966 and 1976, two-dollar notes were not printed.

text: By 1869, the $2 United States Note was redesigned with the now familiar portrait of Thomas Jefferson to the left and a vignette of the United States Capitol in the center of the obverse. This note also featured green tinting on the top and left side of the obverse. Although this note is technically a United States Note, TREASURY NOTE appeared on it instead of UNITED STATES NOTE. The reverse was completely redesigned. This series was again revised in 1874, changes on the obverse included removing the green tinting, adding a red floral design around WASHINGTON D.C., and changing the term TREASURY NOTE to UNITED STATES NOTE. The 1874 design was also issued as Series of 1875 and 1878 and by 1880 the red floral design around WASHINGTON D.C. on the United States Note was removed and the serial numbers were changed to blue. This note with the red floral design was also issued as Series of 1917 but with red serial numbers by that time.[14]

text: National Bank Notes were issued in 1875 and feature a woman unfurling a flag and a big 2 (Lazy Duce) on the obverse, the reverse has the king of England smoking tobacco and an eagle with a shield.[15]

text: In 1886, the first $2 silver certificate with a portrait of United States Civil War General Winfield Scott Hancock on the left of the obverse was issued. This design went on until 1891 when a new $2 Silver Certificate was issued with a portrait of U.S. Treasury Secretary William Windom in the center of the obverse.[16]

text: Two-dollar Treasury, or "Coin", Notes were first issued for government purchases of silver bullion in 1890 from the silver mining industry. The reverse featured large wording of TWO in the center and a numeral 2 to the right surrounded by an ornate design that occupied almost the entire note. In 1891 the reverse of the Series of 1890 Treasury Note was redesigned because the treasury felt that it was too "busy" which would make it too easy to counterfeit. More open space was incorporated into the new design.[17]

text: In 1896, the "Educational Series" Silver Certificate was issued. The entire obverse of the note was covered in artwork with an allegorical figure of science presenting steam and electricity to commerce and manufacture. The reverse of the note featured portraits of Robert Fulton and Samuel F. B. Morse surrounded by an ornate design that occupied almost the entire note. By 1899, however, The $2 Silver Certificate was redesigned with a small portrait of George Washington surrounded by allegorical figures representing agriculture and mechanics.[18]

text: The only large-sized, Federal Reserve Note-like $2 bill was issued in 1918 as a Federal Reserve Bank Note. Each note was an obligation of the issuing Federal Reserve Bank and could only be redeemed at the corresponding bank. The obverse of the note featured a borderless portrait of Thomas Jefferson to left and wording in the entire center. The reverse featured a World War I battleship.[19]

text: Beginning in the 1950s, production of $2 bills began to decrease. The relative scarcity of the bills lead some to start saving any they found, with the inevitable result that the notes became rarer in circulation. Currently, the circulation of $2 bills accounts for around 1% of the U.S. currency in circulation.

text: Small size notes[edit]

text: (6.14 × 2.61 in ≅ 156 × 66 mm)

text: In 1928, when all U.S. currency was changed to its current size, the $2 bill was issued only as a United States Note. The obverse featured a cropped version of Thomas Jefferson's portrait that had been on previous $2 bills. The reverse featured Jefferson's home, Monticello. The note's seal and serial numbers were red. The Series of 1928 $2 bill featured the treasury seal superimposed by the United States Note obligation to the left and a large gray TWO to the right.[20]

text: In 1953 the $2 bill received minor design changes analogous to the $5 United States Note. The treasury seal was made smaller and moved to the right side of the bill; it was superimposed over the gray word TWO. The United States Note obligation now became superimposed over a gray numeral 2. The reverse remained unchanged.[21]

text: The final change to $2 United States Notes came in 1963 when the motto IN GOD WE TRUST was added to the reverse over the Monticello.[22] And, because dollar bills were soon to no longer be redeemable in silver, WILL PAY TO THE BEARER ON DEMAND was removed from the obverse. Two-dollar bills, along with $5 and $100 United States Notes, were officially discontinued in August 1966, although they all remain legal tender.

text: On April 13, 1976, the Treasury Department reintroduced the $2 bill as a cost-saving measure.[23] Series 1976 $2 bills were redesigned and issued as a Federal Reserve Note. The obverse design remains basically unchanged since 1928 and features the same portrait of Jefferson. A green treasury seal and serial numbers replace the red used on the previous United States Notes. Since the reissue of the bill coincided with the United States Bicentennial, it was decided to use a bicentennial themed design on the reverse. An engraved rendition (not an exact reproduction) of John Trumbull's The Declaration of Independence replaced Monticello on the reverse. First day issues of the new $2 bills could be taken to a post office and stamped with the date "APR 13 1976". In all, 590,720,000 notes from Series 1976 were printed.

text: Currently, stamped series 1976 $2 bills typically trade for about twice their face value. If the bills were stamped in a city with an unusual name, the value may be slightly higher. However, no first-day-issued 1976 $2 bills with stamps are especially rare or valuable.

text: Despite their age, crisp, uncirculated series 1976 $2 bills are not uncommon and are not particularly valuable. More than half a billion of these notes were printed and a large amount were saved and hoarded upon their original issue. A typical single uncirculated 1976 $2 bill is worth only slightly above face value. If the note is circulated, then it is only worth its $2 face value.

text: In 1996 and 1997, 153,600,000 bills were printed[24] as Series 1995 for the Federal Reserve District of Atlanta. In 2004, 121,600,000 of the Series 2003 bills were printed for the Minneapolis Federal Reserve Bank. An issue of Series 2003A $2 bills was printed from July to September 2006 for all twelve Federal Reserve Banks. In all, 220,800,000 notes were printed.[10]

text: In February 2012, the B.E.P. printed 512,000 Series 2009 $2 Star Notes, in anticipation of more regular runs being printed later in 2012. Series 2009 $2 bills were issued to banks during the summer of 2012.[25][26]

text: In November 2013, the B.E.P. began printing series 2013 $2 bills for the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta; these notes entered circulation in early 2014. A total of 44,800,000 notes were ordered for fiscal year 2014, which ran from October 2013 through September 2014.[27]

text: Series dates[edit]

text: Large size[edit]

text:
Type
Series
Registerα
Treasurerα
Sealα
Notes

Legal Tender Note
1862
Lucius E. Chittenden
F.E. Spinner
Small Red w/rays
Also called a "Greenback".

Legal Tender Note
1869
John Allison
F.E. Spinner
Large Red
Nicknamed: "Rainbow Note" from its
red, white, and blue colors.[28]

Legal Tender Note
1874
John Allison
F.E. Spinner
Small Red w/rays

Legal Tender Note
1875
John Allison
New & Wyman
Small Red w/rays

Legal Tender Note
1878
Allison & Scofield
James Gilfillan
Small Red w/rays
Scofield/Gilfillan combo is scarce

Legal Tender Note
1880
Scofield, Bruce,
Rosecrans, and Tillman
Gilfillan, Wyman, Huston,
Nebeker, and Morgan
Large Brown/Red
Small Red scalloped

Legal Tender Note
1917
Teehee, Elliott,
and Speelman
John Burke & White
Small Red scalloped

National Bank Note
Original
Colby, Jeffries, and Allison
F.E. Spinner
Small Red w/rays
Jeffries/Spinner combo is very rare

National Bank Note
1875
Allison & Scofield
New, Wyman, and Gilfillan
Small Red scalloped
Nicknamed: "Lazy Deuce" along with
the original series from the position
of the "2" on the note.[29]

Silver Certificate
1886
William S. Rosecrans
Jordan, Hyatt, and Huston
Large Brown/Red
Small Red scalloped

Silver Certificate
1891
William S. Rosecrans
Benjamin Harrison
Large Red

Silver Certificate
1891
Rosecrans & Tillman
Nebecker & Morgan
Small Red scalloped

Silver Certificate
1896
Tillman & Bruce
Morgan & Roberts
Small Red w/rays
Part of the "Educational Series".

Silver Certificate
1899
Lyons, Vernon, Napier,
Parker, Teehee, Elliott,
and Speelman
Roberts, Treat, McClung,
Thompson, Burke, and White
Blue

Treasury Note
1890
William S. Rosecrans
Huston & Nebecker
Large Brown
& Small Red scalloped

Treasury Note
1890
William S. Rosecrans
Benjamin Harrison
Large Red

Treasury Note
1891
Rosecrans, Tillman, and Bruce
Nebecker, Morgan, and Roberts
Small Red scalloped

Federal Reserve Bank Note
1918
Teehee & Elliott
John Burke
Blue
Nicknamed: "Battleship note" from
the reverse design.[30]

tag: table

text: Small size[edit]

text:
Type
Series
Treasurerα
Secretaryα
Seal

Legal Tender Note
1928, 1928-A to G
Tate, Woods, Julian,
Clark
Mellon, Mills, Morgenthau,
Vinson, Snyder
Red

Legal Tender Note
1953, 1953-A to C
Priest, Smith, Granahan
Humphrey, Anderson, Dillon
Red

Legal Tender Note
1963, 1963-A
Kathryn E. Granahan
Dillon & Fowler
Red

Federal Reserve Note
1976
Francine I. Neff
William E. Simon
Green

Federal Reserve Note
1995
Mary Ellen Withrow
Robert E. Rubin
Green

Federal Reserve Note
2003
Rosario Marin
John W. Snow
Green

Federal Reserve Note
2003-A
Anna Escobedo Cabral
John W. Snow
Green

Federal Reserve Note
2009
Rosa Gumataotao Rios
Timothy F. Geithner
Green

Federal Reserve Note
2013
Rosa Gumataotao Rios
Jack Lew
Green

text: Visual snapshot[edit]

text: A chronological display of the American two-dollar bill.

text: Usage[edit]

text: Over five million $2 bills are entered into the database of the American currency-tracking website Where's George?.[32] Because $2 bills are uncommon in daily use, their use can make a particular group of spenders visible. A documented case of using two-dollar bills to send a message to a community is the case of Geneva Steel and the communities in surrounding Utah County. In 1989, Geneva Steel paid its employee bonuses in $2 bills. When the bills began to appear in different places, people recognized the importance of the company to the local economy.[33]

text: Use of the two-dollar bill is also being suggested by some gun rights activists to show support for Second Amendment rights, particularly at stores that allow Open Carry or Concealed carry of weapons on their premises.[34][35] Two-dollar notes have also seen increased usage in situations where tipping is encouraged, especially in strip clubs. This is due to the idea that tips will increase because of the ease of use of a single, higher-denomination bill as the lowest common note in use.[36]

text: The use of the two-dollar bill is popular among fans and alumni of Clemson University who often bring notes with them when traveling to university athletic events in other localities as a demonstration of their economic impact in an area. The idea was first popularized in 1977 when Georgia Tech had threatened to no longer play the Tigers in football and has since caught on as a token of fandom when traveling to other locations. Fans will often stamp an orange tiger paw (Clemson's logo) on the note as a sign of its origin.[37]

text: During the 1930s, the $2 bill was often used at East Coast horse race tracks to make a bet. Because of the German and Jewish influence, the bill was locally known in parts of New Jersey as a "zwei-buck", and the upper right corner "2" was sometimes torn off to increase the luck.[citation needed]

text: Incidents[edit]

text: The relative scarcity of the $2 bill in everyday circulation has led to confusion at points of sale, as well as overreaction and prosecution of the individual attempting to tender the bill.

text: In 2005, a man in Baltimore, Maryland was jailed for attempting to use $2 bills to pay a car stereo installation fee that Best Buy originally agreed to waive in the first place.[38]

text: In 2016, a 13-year-old girl in Texas was detained by police at Fort Bend Independent School District's Christa McAuliffe Middle School, and prevented from eating lunch that day, for attempting to use a $2 bill to pay for chicken nuggets in the school cafeteria.[39][40]

text: Uncut currency sheets[edit]

text: Uncut currency sheets are available from the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. Some of the recent $2 uncut sheets from Series 1995 and Series 2003 have been collectibles as they come from special non-circulation printings. Most of the Series 1995 $2 uncut sheets had a higher suffix letter in the serial number than regular circulation $2 bills. Uncut $2 sheets from Series 2003 were printed for the Boston (A), New York (B), Atlanta (F), Chicago (G), Minneapolis (I), and Dallas (K) Federal Reserve Districts despite the fact that notes from the Minneapolis district were the only ones released for circulation. Uncut sheets of Series 2003A have also been produced, although in this case circulating currency for all districts has also been made. All two-dollar bills beginning with Series 1995 have been printed in the BEP facility in Fort Worth, Texas (indicated by "FW" preceding the face plate number on the obverse of the note).[10][41][42]

text: Uncut sheets of $2 bills are available in various sizes. A 32-subject sheet, which is the original-size sheet on which the notes are printed, is available. Other sheet sizes available have been cut from the original 32-subject sheet. These include half (16-note), quarter (8-note), and eighth (4-note) sheets for $2 bills. Uncut sheets are sold for more than their respective face values.[43] Uncut sheets of large size notes (issued before 1928) also exist, but are extremely rare.[44]

text: Steve Wozniak, a co-founder of Apple Inc., has been using $2 banknotes separated from 4-bill uncut sheets (glued together into pads), to surprise merchants and waiters; also, because of the notes' unusual appearance, he has been interviewed by a Secret Service agent.[45][46]

text: It has become common and trendy for patrons of Wolfgang's Steakhouse located on Park Ave in Manhattan to leave a full sheet of $2 (or portion thereof) as a tip for service.[47]


document_title: List of Academy Award records

question_text: who holds the record for the most oscars

text: List of Academy Award records

text: Most awards[edit]

text:
Most awards won by a single film

Three films have won 11 Academy Awards:

Ben-Hur (1959) – 15 categories available for nomination; nominated for 12
Titanic (1997) – 17 categories available for nomination; nominated for 14
The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) – 17 categories available for nomination; nominated for 11

Most nominations received by a single film

Three films have received 14 nominations:

All About Eve (1950) – 16 categories available for nomination; won 6 awards
Titanic (1997) – 17 categories available for nomination; won 11 awards
La La Land (2016) – 17 categories available for nomination; won 6 awards

Largest sweep (winning awards in every nominated category)

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003) won all 11 categories for which it was nominated: Best Picture, Director, Adapted Screenplay, Original Score, Original Song, Sound Mixing, Art Direction, Makeup, Costume Design, Film Editing, and Visual Effects

Most awards won by an individual

Walt Disney won 22 Oscars.

Most awards won by a woman

Edith Head won eight Oscars, all for Costume Design

Most nominations in a single year / Most awards in a single year

In 1954, Walt Disney won four awards out of six nominations, both records. He won Best Documentary, Features for The Living Desert; Best Documentary, Short Subjects for The Alaskan Eskimo; Best Short Subject, Cartoons for Toot Whistle Plunk and Boom; and Best Short Subject, Two-reel for Bear Country. He had two additional nominations in Best Short Subject, Cartoons for Rugged Bear; and Best Short Subject, Two-reel for Ben and Me.

Most awards won by a person who is still living

Visual Effects Supervisor Dennis Muren has won nine Academy Awards – six competitive awards, two "Special Achievement" awards, and one "Technical Achievement" award

Most competitive awards won by a person who is still living

Composer Alan Menken has won eight competitive Academy Awards

Acting

Katharine Hepburn won four awards, all for Best Actress

Directing

John Ford won the most directing awards, with four

Cinematography

The highest number of Academy Awards won by a cinematographer is four:

Joseph Ruttenberg, in 1938, 1942, 1956, and 1958
Leon Shamroy, in 1942, 1944, 1945, and 1963

Art Direction

Cedric Gibbons, who designed the Oscar statuette, won 11 awards out of a total of 39 nominations.[1]

Makeup

Rick Baker won seven Academy Awards (all for Best Makeup)

Most awards won by a country for Best Foreign Language Film

Italy won 14 awards in this category and received in total 32 nominations

Most nominations received by a country for Best Foreign Language Film

France received 40 nominations and won the award 12 times

Most awards won by a foreign-language film

Two foreign-language films have won four Academy Awards:

Fanny and Alexander (1982) won Best Foreign Language Film, Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, and Best Costume Design
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) won Best Foreign Language Film, Best Art Direction, Best Original Score, and Best Cinematography

Most nominations received by a foreign-language film

Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) received ten nominations: Best Foreign Language Film, Best Picture, Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Original Song, Best Costume Design, Best Art Direction, Best Film Editing, Best Original Score, and Best Cinematography

tag: ul

text: Awards for debut acting or directing performances on film[edit]

text: The following individuals won Academy Awards for their film debut acting performances:

text:
Best Actor

None

Best Actress

Shirley Booth (Come Back, Little Sheba, 1952)
Julie Andrews (Mary Poppins, 1964)
Barbra Streisand (Funny Girl, 1968)
Marlee Matlin (Children of a Lesser God, 1986)

Best Supporting Actor

Harold Russell (The Best Years of Our Lives, 1946)
Timothy Hutton (Ordinary People, 1980)
Haing S. Ngor (The Killing Fields, 1984)

Best Supporting Actress

Gale Sondergaard (Anthony Adverse, 1936)
Katina Paxinou (For Whom the Bell Tolls, 1943)
Mercedes McCambridge (All the King's Men, 1949)
Eva Marie Saint (On the Waterfront, 1954)
Jo Van Fleet (East of Eden, 1955)
Tatum O'Neal (Paper Moon, 1973)
Anna Paquin (The Piano, 1993)
Jennifer Hudson (Dreamgirls, 2006)
Lupita Nyong'o (12 Years a Slave, 2013) [2][3][4]

Academy Juvenile Award

Claude Jarman Jr. (The Yearling, 1946)
Vincent Winter (The Little Kidnappers, 1954) [2][3][5]

text: The following individuals won Academy Awards for their film debut direction.

text:
Best Director

Delbert Mann (Marty, 1955)
Jerome Robbins (West Side Story, 1961)
Robert Redford (Ordinary People, 1980)
James L. Brooks (Terms of Endearment, 1983)
Kevin Costner (Dances with Wolves, 1990)
Sam Mendes (American Beauty, 1999) [2][3][6]

text: Big Five winners[edit]

text: Three films have received the Big Five Academy Awards: Best Picture, Director, Actor, Actress, and Screenplay (Original or Adapted).[7][8][9]

text:
It Happened One Night (1934)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)

text: Most consecutive awards[edit]

text:
Any awards

Walt Disney was awarded a record of 10 awards in the eight consecutive years from 1931–32 through 1939. Eight (listed below) are for Short Subject (Cartoon), and two were Special Awards: one for the creation of Mickey Mouse, and one recognizing the innovation of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

Best Actress

Two actresses have won two consecutive awards:

Luise Rainer (The Great Ziegfeld, 1936 and The Good Earth, 1937)
Katharine Hepburn (Guess Who's Coming to Dinner, 1967 and The Lion in Winter, 1968)

Best Actor

Two actors have won two consecutive awards:

Spencer Tracy – Captains Courageous (1937) and Boys Town (1938)
Tom Hanks – Philadelphia (1993) and Forrest Gump (1994) [7][10]

Best Director

Three directors have won two consecutive awards:

John Ford – The Grapes of Wrath (1940) and How Green Was My Valley (1941)
Joseph L. Mankiewicz – A Letter to Three Wives (1949) and All About Eve (1950) [7][11]
Alejandro G. Iñárritu – Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) (2014) and The Revenant (2015)

Best Supporting Actor

Jason Robards won two consecutive awards for All the President's Men in 1976 and Julia in 1977[12][13]

Best Supporting Actress

No consecutive winner for Best Supporting Actress

Best Picture

David O. Selznick produced two consecutive Best Picture winners Gone with the Wind in 1939 and Rebecca in 1940. (He himself was not awarded the Oscars as at the time the statuette went to the studio instead of the producer.)

Best Original Screenplay

No consecutive winner for Best Original Screenplay

Best Adapted Screenplay

Joseph L. Mankiewicz won two consecutive adapted screenplay awards for A Letter to Three Wives in 1949 and All About Eve in 1950
Robert Bolt won for Doctor Zhivago in 1965 and A Man for All Seasons in 1966

Best Cinematography

Emmanuel Lubezki has won three consecutive awards for Gravity in 2013, Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance) in 2014 and The Revenant in 2015

Best Art Direction

Robert Stromberg won for Avatar in 2009 and Alice In Wonderland in 2010

Best Film Editing

Angus Wall and Kirk Baxter won for The Social Network in 2010 and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo in 2011

Best Original Score

Roger Edens won three consecutive awards for composing the scores for Easter Parade (1948), On the Town (1949), and Annie Get Your Gun (1950)

Best Original Song

Three composers have won two consecutive awards for best original song, but under different award names:

Henry Mancini (music) and Johnny Mercer (lyrics) shared the awards for Best Music (Song) for "Moon River" from Breakfast at Tiffany's in 1961 and "Days of Wine and Roses" from Days of Wine and Roses in 1962
Alan Menken (music) won twice consecutively for Best Music (Original Song) for "Beauty and the Beast" from Beauty and the Beast (lyrics by Howard Ashman) in 1991 and "A Whole New World" from Aladdin (lyrics by Tim Rice) in 1992

Best Visual Effects

Jim Rygiel and Randall William Cook won 3 consecutive visual effects Oscars for The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring, The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers, and The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King in 2001, 2002, and 2003 respectively.

Best Sound Mixing

Thomas Moulton won three consecutive awards for The Snake Pit in 1948, Twelve O'Clock High in 1949, and All About Eve in 1950.

Best Costume Design

Edith Head won three consecutive awards for The Heiress in 1949, All About Eve in 1950, and A Place in the Sun in 1951.

Best Short Subject (Cartoon)

Walt Disney won eight consecutive awards for Flowers and Trees in 1931–32, Three Little Pigs in 1932–33, The Tortoise and the Hare in 1934, Three Orphan Kittens in 1935, The Country Cousin in 1936, The Old Mill in 1937, Ferdinand the Bull in 1938, and The Ugly Duckling in 1939

Best Short Subject (Two-Reel)

Walt Disney won four consecutive awards for In Beaver Valley in 1950, Nature's Half Acre in 1951, Water Birds in 1952, and Bear Country in 1953

Best Documentary (Feature)

Walt Disney won two consecutive awards for The Living Desert in 1953 and The Vanishing Prairie in 1954

text: Academy Award firsts[edit]

text:
First woman to win Best Picture

Julia Phillips for The Sting (1973)

First woman to win Best Director

Kathryn Bigelow for The Hurt Locker (2009)

First woman to win Best Animated Feature

Brenda Chapman for Brave (2012)

First woman to receive an Honorary Award

6 year old Shirley Temple received a Special Award in 1934
Greta Garbo received an Honorary Award in 1954

First foreign-language film to be nominated for Best Picture

Grand Illusion (1937), in French

First science fiction film to be nominated for Best Picture

A Clockwork Orange (1971)

First horror film to be nominated for Best Picture

The Exorcist (1973)

First animated film to be nominated for Best Picture

Beauty and the Beast (1991)

First fantasy film to win Best Picture

The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)

First 3-D films to be nominated for Best Picture

Avatar and Up (2009)

First film with an entirely non-white cast to win Best Picture

Slumdog Millionaire (2008)

First film with an all-black cast to win Best Picture

Moonlight (2016)

First animated film to be nominated for Best Foreign Language Film

Waltz with Bashir (2008), representing Israel

First animated film to be nominated for Best Original Screenplay and for a Best Screenplay award in general

Toy Story (1995)

First animated film to be nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay

Shrek (2001)

First actress to be nominated for a performance in a 3-D film

Sandra Bullock for Gravity (2013)

First actor to be nominated for a performance in a 3-D film

Matt Damon for The Martian (2015)

First film to receive the most nominations of its year without receiving a Best Picture nomination

Dreamgirls (2006), with eight nominations

First X-rated film to win Best Picture

Midnight Cowboy (1969). It was also the first X-rated film to be nominated for Best Picture and the only one to date to have won it.

First actor to receive ten nominations for acting

Jack Nicholson received his tenth nomination (for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor) for the film A Few Good Men (1992)

First actress to receive ten nominations for acting

Bette Davis received her tenth official nomination (all for Best Actress) for the film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962)

First actress to receive twenty nominations for acting

Meryl Streep received her twentieth nomination (for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress) for the film Florence Foster Jenkins (2016)

First posthumous nomination for acting

Jeanne Eagels, nominated for Best Actress for The Letter (1929)

First posthumous nomination for a male actor

James Dean, nominated for Best Actor for East of Eden (1955)

First posthumous win for acting

Peter Finch won Best Actor for Network (1976)

First actress to be nominated for performing in a language other than English

Melina Mercouri was nominated for Best Actress for Never on Sunday (1960), performing in Greek

First actor to be nominated for performing in a language other than English

Marcello Mastroianni was nominated for Best Actor for Divorce, Italian Style (1962), performing in Italian

First actress to win for performing in a language other than English

Sophia Loren won Best Actress for Two Women (1961), performing in Italian

First actor to win for performing in a language other than English

Robert De Niro won Best Supporting Actor for The Godfather Part II (1974), performing in Italian

First actress to win for performing in a sign language

Marlee Matlin won Best Actress for Children of a Lesser God (1986), performing in American Sign Language

First French actress to be nominated for performing in the French language

Anouk Aimée was nominated for Best Actress for A Man and a Woman (1966)

First French actress to win for performing in the French language

Marion Cotillard won Best Actress for La Vie en rose (2007). She's the only one to date to have won it.

First Nordic actress to be nominated for acting

Greta Garbo (from Sweden) was nominated for Best Actress for Anna Christie (1930)

First Nordic actor to be nominated for acting

Max von Sydow (from Sweden) was nominated for Best Actor for Pelle the Conqueror (1988)

First Nordic actress to win for acting

Ingrid Bergman (from Sweden) won Best Actress for Gaslight (1944)

First actor from Africa to be nominated for acting

Basil Rathbone (from South Africa), nominated for Best Supporting Actor for Romeo and Juliet (1936)

First actress from Africa to win for acting

Charlize Theron (from South Africa), won Best Actress for Monster (2003)

First actress from Asia to win for acting

Miyoshi Umeki (from Japan), won Best Supporting Actress for Sayonara (1957)

First Asian (and non-Caucasian) to win Best Director

Ang Lee (from Taiwan) for Brokeback Mountain (2005)

First Australian actress to win Best Actress

Nicole Kidman for The Hours (2002) – Born in the U.S.

First Australian actor to win Best Actor

Peter Finch for Network (1976)

First French actress to win Best Actress

Claudette Colbert for It Happened One Night (1934)

First French actor to win Best Actor

Jean Dujardin for The Artist (2011)

First Italian actress to win Best Actress

Anna Magnani for The Rose Tattoo (1955)

First Italian actor to win Best Actor

Roberto Benigni for Life Is Beautiful (1998)

First German actress to win Best Actress

Luise Rainer for The Great Ziegfeld (1937)

First German actor to win Best Actor

Emil Jannings (born in Switzerland) for The Way of All Flesh (1927) and The Last Command (1928)

First Austrian actor to win twice for acting

Christoph Waltz won Best Supporting Actor for Inglorious Basterds (2009) and Django Unchained (2012)

First persons from India to win in any music category

A. R. Rahman won Best Original Score and Best Original Song ("Jai Ho") for Slumdog Millionaire (2008)
Gulzar also won Best Original Song ("Jai Ho") for Slumdog Millionaire (2008)

First Middle Eastern/North African actor to be nominated for acting

Omar Sharif, nominated for Best Supporting Actor for Lawrence of Arabia (1962)

First Middle Eastern movie to win Best Foreign Language Film

A Separation (2011), representing Iran

First foreign actress to be nominated twice for Best Actress for foreign-language films without the films receiving a Best Foreign Language Film nomination

Marion Cotillard (from France) won Best Actress for La Vie en Rose (2007) and was nominated for Two Days, One Night (2014)

First black filmmaker to win Best Picture

Steve McQueen won for producing 12 Years a Slave (2013)

First black filmmaker to be nominated for Best Director

John Singleton for Boyz n the Hood (1991)

First black actress to win for acting

Hattie McDaniel won Best Supporting Actress for Gone with the Wind (1939)

First black actor to win for acting

Sidney Poitier won Best Actor for Lilies of the Field (1963)

First black actress to win Best Actress

Halle Berry for Monster's Ball (2001)

First black actress to win for film acting debut

Jennifer Hudson won Best Supporting Actress for Dreamgirls (2006)

First year in which two black actors/actresses won for acting

74th Academy Awards (in 2002, for 2001): Denzel Washington won Best Actor for Training Day; Halle Berry won Best Actress for Monster's Ball

First black African actor to be nominated for acting

Djimon Hounsou (born in Benin, U.S.-Benin dual citizen), nominated for Best Supporting Actor for In America (2003)

First black writer to win for screenwriting

Geoffrey S. Fletcher won Best Adapted Screenplay for Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire (2009)

First African American to receive an Honorary Award

James Baskett received a Special Award for his portrayal of Uncle Remus in Song of the South (1946)

First Latin American director to win Best Director

Alfonso Cuarón from Mexico won for Gravity in 2014

First Latin American actress to be nominated for Best Actress

Fernanda Montenegro from Brazil was nominated for Best Actress for Central Station (1998)

First Latin American actor to win Best Actor

José Ferrer from Puerto Rico won for Cyrano de Bergerac in 1950

First Muslim actor to win in an acting category

Mahershala Ali for Moonlight in 2016

First child actor to receive an Academy Award nomination [14]

Jackie Cooper, age 9, was nominated for Best Actor for Skippy (1931)

First short film to win an Academy Award outside of the Short Film categories

The Red Balloon (1956) for Best Original Screenplay

text: Age-related records[edit]

text:
Youngest winner of an acting award

Tatum O'Neal, age 10 (Best Supporting Actress, Paper Moon, 1973)

Youngest nominee for an acting award

Justin Henry, age 8 (Best Supporting Actor, Kramer vs. Kramer, 1979)

Youngest female winner of a lead acting award

Marlee Matlin, age 21 (Best Actress, Children of a Lesser God, 1986)

Youngest male winner of a lead acting award

Adrien Brody, age 29 (Best Actor, The Pianist, 2002)

Youngest male nominee for a lead acting award

Jackie Cooper, age 9 (Best Actor, Skippy, 1931)

Youngest female nominee for a lead acting award

Quvenzhané Wallis, age 9 (Best Actress, Beasts of the Southern Wild, 2012) [15][16] (also first person born in the 21st century to be nominated for an Academy Award)

Youngest winner of an Oscar

Shirley Temple, age 6, who was awarded the inaugural (now retired) non-competitive Academy Juvenile Award in 1934

Youngest winner of Best Director

Damien Chazelle, age 32 (La La Land, 2016)

Youngest nominee for Best Director

John Singleton, age 24 (Boyz n the Hood, 1991)

Oldest winner of Best Director

Clint Eastwood, age 74 (Million Dollar Baby, 2004)

Oldest nominee for Best Director

John Huston, age 79 (Prizzi's Honor, 1985)

Oldest winner of an acting award

Christopher Plummer, age 82 (Best Supporting Actor, Beginners, 2011)

Oldest woman to win best Actress Award

Jessica Tandy, age 80 (Best Actress, Driving Miss Daisy, 1989)

Oldest man to win Best Actor Award

Henry Fonda, age 76 (Best Actor, On Golden Pond, 1981)

Oldest nominee for an acting award

Gloria Stuart, age 87 (Best Supporting Actress, Titanic, 1997)

Oldest nominee for a lead acting award

Emmanuelle Riva, age 85 (Best Actress, Amour, 2012) [15][16]

Oldest competitive Oscar winner

Ennio Morricone, age 87 (Best Original Score, The Hateful Eight, 2015)[17][18]

text: Youngest multiple nominees for an acting award (best actor or best supporting actor)

text:
Nomination
Name
Age
Film
Year
Date of Birth
Date of Nomination

2nd
Mineo, SalSal Mineo
7003805300000000000♠22 years, 17 days
Exodus
1960
000000001939-01-10-0000January 10, 1939
000000001961-01-27-0000January 27, 1961

3rd
Brando, MarlonMarlon Brando
7004109100000000000♠29 years, 318 days
Julius Caesar
1953
000000001924-04-03-0000April 3, 1924
000000001954-02-15-0000February 15, 1954

4th
Marlon Brando
7004112720000000000♠30 years, 315 days
On the Waterfront
1954
000000001924-04-03-0000April 3, 1924
000000001955-02-12-0000February 12, 1955

5th
Marlon Brando
7004123740000000000♠33 years, 321 days
Sayonara
1957
000000001924-04-03-0000April 3, 1924
000000001958-02-18-0000February 18, 1958

6th
Burton, RichardRichard Burton
7004161690000000000♠44 years, 98 days
Anne of the Thousand Days
1969
000000001925-11-10-0000November 10, 1925
000000001970-02-16-0000February 16, 1970

7th
Nicholson, JackJack Nicholson
7004171010000000000♠46 years, 300 days
Terms of Endearment
1983
000000001937-04-22-0000April 22, 1937
000000001984-02-16-0000February 16, 1984

8th
Jack Nicholson
7004178210000000000♠48 years, 289 days
Prizzi's Honor
1985
000000001937-04-22-0000April 22, 1937
000000001986-02-05-0000February 5, 1986

9th
Jack Nicholson
7004185630000000000♠50 years, 301 days
Ironweed
1987
000000001937-04-22-0000April 22, 1937
000000001988-02-17-0000February 17, 1988

10th
Jack Nicholson
7004203910000000000♠55 years, 302 days
A Few Good Men
1992
000000001937-04-22-0000April 22, 1937
000000001993-02-18-0000February 18, 1993

text: Youngest multiple nominees for an acting award (best actress or best supporting actress)

text:
Nomination
Name
Age
Film
Year
Date of Birth
Date of Nomination

2nd
Lansbury, AngelaAngela Lansbury
7003740800000000000♠20 years, 103 days
The Picture of Dorian Gray
1945
000000001925-10-16-0000October 16, 1925
000000001946-01-27-0000January 27, 1946

3rd
Lawrence, JenniferJennifer Lawrence
7003855500000000000♠23 years, 154 days
American Hustle
2013
000000001990-08-15-0000August 15, 1990
000000002014-01-16-0000January 16, 2014

4th
Lawrence, JenniferJennifer Lawrence
7003928300000000000♠25 years, 152 days
Joy
2015
000000001990-08-15-0000August 15, 1990
000000002016-01-14-0000January 14, 2016

5th
Winslet, KateKate Winslet
7004114330000000000♠31 years, 110 days
Little Children
2006
000000001975-10-05-0000October 5, 1975
000000002007-01-23-0000January 23, 2007

6th
Winslet, KateKate Winslet
7004121630000000000♠33 years, 109 days
The Reader
2008
000000001975-10-05-0000October 5, 1975
000000002009-01-22-0000January 22, 2009

7th
Davis, BetteBette Davis
7004134530000000000♠36 years, 304 days
Mr. Skeffington
1944
000000001908-04-05-0000April 5, 1908
000000001945-02-03-0000February 3, 1945

8th
Streep, MerylMeryl Streep
7004144830000000000♠39 years, 238 days
A Cry in the Dark
1988
000000001949-06-22-0000June 22, 1949
000000001989-02-15-0000February 15, 1989

9th
Meryl Streep
7004152110000000000♠41 years, 236 days
Postcards from the Edge
1990
000000001949-06-22-0000June 22, 1949
000000001991-02-13-0000February 13, 1991

10th
Meryl Streep
7004170370000000000♠46 years, 236 days
The Bridges of Madison County
1995
000000001949-06-22-0000June 22, 1949
000000001996-02-13-0000February 13, 1996

text: Film records[edit]

text:
Most nominations for a single film

Three films received 14 nominations:

All About Eve (1950)
Titanic (1997)
La La Land (2016)

Most Oscars without winning Best Picture

Cabaret won 8 awards (1972)

Most nominations without winning Best Picture

La La Land (2016) with 14 nominations

Most nominations without any wins

Two films received 11 nominations without winning any awards:

The Turning Point (1977)
The Color Purple (1985)

Most nominations without a Best Picture nomination

They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (1969) with 9 nominations

Most Oscars without a nomination for Best Picture

The Bad and the Beautiful (1952) with 5 wins

Fewest nominations for a Best Picture winner

Grand Hotel (1932) received only the Best Picture nomination.

Nominations in the most different technical categories

Five films have been nominated in all 7 technical categories (Cinematography, Costume Design, Film Editing, Production Design/Art Direction, Sound Editing, Sound Mixing, and Visual Effects):

Titanic (1997)
Master and Commander: The Far Side of the World (2003)
Hugo (2011)
Mad Max: Fury Road (2015)
The Revenant (2015)

Most nominations without a major nomination (Picture, Director, Acting and Screenplay)

These 6 films got 6 nominations with no major nominations:

The Rains Came (1939)
Hans Christian Andersen (1952)
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World (1963)
Empire of the Sun (1987)
Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) (note: received 7 nominations when you include a "special achievement")
Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)

Best picture nominees that won every nomination except Best Picture

These 14 films were nominated for Best Picture and won in every category they were nominated for except Best Picture:

Bad Girl (1931), 2/3
The Private Life of Henry VIII (1932),1/2
Naughty Marietta (1935),1/2
The Story of Louis Pasteur (1936), 3/4
The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), 3/4
Miracle on 34th Street (1947),3/4
The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948), 3/4
A Letter to Three Wives (1949), 2/3
King Solomon's Mines (1950), 2/3
Three Coins in the Fountain (1954), 2/3
Jaws (1975), 3/4
Traffic (2000), 4/5
The Blind Side (2009), 1/2
Selma (2014), 1/2

Films nominated for Best Picture with no other major nominations

These 28 films were nominated for Best Picture but had no other major nominations (this does not include films that were only nominated for Best Picture and nothing else):

Wings (1927), 2 nominations (winner)
42nd Street (1933), 2 nominations
A Farewell to Arms (1933), 4 nominations
Cleopatra (1934), 5 nominations
Flirtation Walk (1934), 2 nominations
The Gay Divorcee (1934), 5 nominations
Imitation of Life (1934), 3 nominations
The White Parade (1934), 2 nominations
David Copperfield (1935), 3 nominations
Les Misérables (1935), 4 nominations
A Midsummer Night's Dream (1935), 4 nominations (note: really had 2, but 2 more were write in noms)
Naughty Marietta (1935), 2 nominations
Top Hat (1935), 4 nominations
A Tale of Two Cities (1936), 2 nominations
The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938), 4 nominations
Of Mice and Men (1939), 4 nominations
The Wizard of Oz (1939), 6 nominations
King Solomon's Mines (1950), 3 nominations
Decision Before Dawn (1951), 2 nominations
Three Coins in the Fountain (1954), 3 nominations
The Music Man (1962), 6 nominations
Doctor Dolittle (1967), 9 nominations
Hello, Dolly! (1969), 7 nominations
Jaws (1975), 4 nominations
Beauty and the Beast (1991), 6 nominations
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002), 6 nominations
War Horse (2011), 6 nominations
Selma (2014), 2 nominations

Stories made into multiple Best Picture nominees

6 sets of Best Picture nominees share either original source material or were revised versions of the same story (* =winner):

Cleopatra (1934), Cleopatra (1963)
Mutiny on the Bounty (1935)*, Mutiny on the Bounty (1962)
Romeo and Juliet (1936), West Side Story (1960)*, Romeo and Juliet (1968). (The plot of another Best Picture winner, Shakespeare in Love, revolves around the original production of Romeo and Juliet)
Les Misérables (1935), Les Misérables (2012)
Pygmalion (1938), My Fair Lady (1964)*
Here Comes Mr. Jordan (1941), Heaven Can Wait (1978)

text: Acting records[edit]

text:
Most awards for leading actress

Katharine Hepburn with 4 awards (1933, 1967, *1968, 1981) (*Tied with Barbra Streisand.)

Most awards for leading actor

Daniel Day-Lewis with 3 awards (1989, 2007, 2012)

Most awards for supporting actor

Walter Brennan with 3 awards (1936, 1938, 1940)

Most consecutive leading actress nominations

Two actresses have been nominated 5 years in a row:

Bette Davis (1938–1942)
Greer Garson (1941–1945)

Most consecutive leading actor nominations

Marlon Brando with four nominations (1951 to 1954)

Actress with most total nominations for acting

Meryl Streep with 20 nominations

Actor with most total nominations for acting

Jack Nicholson with 12 nominations

Most acting nominations without an award

Peter O'Toole with 8 nominations (He received an Honorary Award in 2002)

Most nominations for an actor performing in a foreign language

Marcello Mastroianni with 3 nominations. He was nominated for Best Actor for Divorce, Italian Style (1962); A Special Day (1977) and Dark Eyes (1987), performing in Italian

Longest gap between first and second award

Helen Hayes won in 1932 for The Sin of Madelon Claudet and in 1971 for Airport, a 39-year gap

Longest time span between first and last nomination and between first and last award

Katharine Hepburn: 48 years from Morning Glory (1933, in the 1932/33 awards) until On Golden Pond (1981)

Most acting nominations before first award

Both Geraldine Page and Al Pacino won on their 8th nomination

Most posthumous nominations

James Dean with 2 (1955 for East of Eden and 1956 for Giant)

Shortest performance to win an acting Oscar

Beatrice Straight in Network (1976) – 5 minutes and 2 seconds

Shortest performance to win a lead acting Oscar

Patricia Neal in Hud (1963) – 21 minutes and 51 seconds [19]

Shortest performance to be nominated for an acting Oscar

Hermione Baddeley in Room at the Top (1959) – 2 minutes and 19 seconds

Shortest performance to be nominated for a lead acting Oscar

Spencer Tracy in San Francisco (1936) – 14 minutes and 58 seconds

Longest performance to win an acting Oscar

Vivien Leigh in Gone with the Wind (1939) – 2 hours, 23 minutes and 32 seconds

Longest performance to win a supporting acting Oscar

Tatum O'Neal in Paper Moon (1973) – 1 hour, 6 minutes and 58 seconds

Longest performance to be nominated for an acting Oscar

Vivien Leigh in Gone with the Wind (1939) – 2 hours, 23 minutes and 32 seconds

Longest performance to be nominated for a supporting acting Oscar

Frank Finlay in Othello (1965) – 1 hour, 30 minutes and 43 seconds

Most awards by a black actor

Denzel Washington with 2, winning Best Supporting Actor for Glory (1989) and Best Actor for Training Day (2001)

Most awards for one acting performance

Harold Russell played Homer Parish in The Best Years of Our Lives in 1946. For this role he received 2 Oscars, one for Best Supporting and an honorary award for being an inspiration to all returning veterans.

Most nominations for one acting performance

Barry Fitzgerald was nominated as Best Actor and won for Best Supporting Actor for his role as Father Fitzgibbon in 1944's Going My Way

text: Miscellaneous records[edit]

text:
Most nominations in different decades Six decades – John Williams, Elmer Bernstein[citation needed]
Only people to win both a Nobel Prize and an Oscar

George Bernard Shaw: Won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925, and an Oscar for Best Adapted Screenplay in 1938 for the film Pygmalion
Bob Dylan: Won an Oscar for Best Original Song for the song "Things Have Changed" from Wonder Boys in 2000, and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2016.

Only woman to win Best Actress and Best Original Song

Barbra Streisand: Best Actress (joint) for Funny Girl (1968); Best Original Song for the Love Theme ("Evergreen") from A Star Is Born (1976)

Only person to win an Academy Award for acting and writing

Emma Thompson

Only actor to win an Academy Award for portraying a real Academy Award winner

Cate Blanchett won Best Supporting Actress for portraying Katharine Hepburn in The Aviator

Only actor to win an Academy Award for portraying a fictional Academy Award nominee

Maggie Smith won Best Supporting Actress in California Suite

Most total nominations without a win

Greg P. Russell has earned 16 nominations in the Best Sound Mixing category. (This does not include his nomination at the 89th Academy Awards for 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi, which was revoked the day before the ceremony.)[20]

Most total nominations before receiving an award

Film composer Victor Young was nominated 21 times without winning. He was often nominated multiple times in one year; twice, four times at the same Oscars. He won posthumously for Around the World in 80 Days, alongside yet another nomination (also posthumous).
Sound re-recording mixer Kevin O'Connell comes in at a close second, with 20 unsuccessful nominations from 1983 until 2016, when he finally won for Hacksaw Ridge.

Most nominations for a person

Walt Disney with 59

Most nominations for a living person

Film composer John Williams with 50

Most nominated woman

Edith Head with 35

Highest "perfect score"

Sound editor Mark Berger has four nominations and four wins

Most nominations for directing

William Wyler with 12 nominations

Most wins for producing

Three producers received 3 awards:

Sam Spiegel
Saul Zaentz
Darryl F. Zanuck

Most nominations for producing

Scott Rudin with 9 nominations
Steven Spielberg with 9 nominations

Most nominations for directing in a single year

Two people have received 2 nominations for Best Director in the same year:

Michael Curtiz for Angels with Dirty Faces and Four Daughters in 1938
Steven Soderbergh for Erin Brockovich and Traffic in 2000

Most Best Picture awards for a film series

The Godfather series with 2 (for The Godfather and The Godfather Part II)

Most nominations and awards for a film series

The Middle-earth series with 17 competitive wins out of 37 nominations (for The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit). Additionally, The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey received an Academy Scientific and Technical Award, which brings the total number of Oscars received by the series to 18.[21]

Most nominations for Best Original Screenplay

Woody Allen with 16 nominations and 3 wins

Longest time between the release of a film and winning an Oscar

Limelight (1952) is the only film to have won an award twenty years after its official release. Since it was not released in Los Angeles County until 1972, it was not eligible for any Academy Awards until that time.

Most posthumous award wins

William A. Horning won in 1958 for Best Art Direction for Gigi, and for Best Art Direction for Ben-Hur in 1959

Most posthumous award nominations

Howard Ashman with four

Lowest-grossing film to win Best Picture

Cimarron with $1,380,000

Longest film to win Best Picture

Gone with the Wind, 224 minutes (238 with overture, entr'acte, and exit music)

Longest film to win an award

O.J.: Made in America (2016), 467 minutes (Academy Award for Best Documentary)
The longest fictional film to win an award was War and Peace (1968), 431 minutes (Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film)

Shortest film to win Best Picture

Marty, 90 minutes

Most acting awards for a character

Portrayals of Vito Corleone won:

Best Actor for Marlon Brando in The Godfather
Best Supporting Actor for Robert De Niro in The Godfather Part II

Most nominations for a character

3 portrayals of Queen Elizabeth I of England earned nominations for:

Cate Blanchett in Elizabeth and Elizabeth: The Golden Age (Best Actress)
Judi Dench in Shakespeare in Love (winner, Best Supporting Actress)

3 Portrayals of King Henry VIII of England earned nominations for:

Charles Laughton in The Private Life of Henry VIII (winner, Best Actor)
Robert Shaw in A Man for All Seasons (Best Supporting Actor)
Richard Burton in Anne of the Thousand Days (Best Actor)

21 other characters have been nominated twice – (*) = winning portrayal:

Abraham Lincoln – Raymond Massey, Daniel Day-Lewis (*)
Arthur Chipping – Robert Donat (*), Peter O'Toole
Cyrano de Bergerac – Jose Ferrer (*), Gerard Depardieu
Esther Blodgett – Janet Gaynor, Judy Garland
"Fast Eddie" Felson – Paul Newman (*)
Father Chuck O'Malley – Bing Crosby (*)
Father Fitzgibbons – Barry Fitzgerald (*) – nominated for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor for the same performance in Going My Way
Henry Higgins – Leslie Howard, Rex Harrison (*)
Howard Hughes – Jason Robards, Leonardo DiCaprio
Iris Murdoch – Judi Dench, Kate Winslet – portrayals of the same character at different ages in the same film (Iris)
Joe Pendleton – Robert Montgomery, Warren Beatty
King Henry II of England – Peter O'Toole
King Henry V of England – Laurence Olivier, Kenneth Branagh
Leslie Crosbie – Jeanne Eagels, Bette Davis
Max Corkle – James Gleason, Jack Warden
Michael Corleone – Al Pacino
Norman Maine – Fredric March, James Mason
Richard Nixon – Anthony Hopkins, Frank Langella
Rocky Balboa – Sylvester Stallone
Rooster Cogburn – John Wayne (*), Jeff Bridges
Rose DeWitt Bukater – Kate Winslet and Gloria Stuart – portray of the same character at different ages in the same film (Titanic)
Vito Corleone – Marlon Brando (*), Robert DeNiro (*)

Most Honorary Awards

Bob Hope received 5 honorary awards – 2 Special, 2 Honorary, and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award.[22]

text: Oscar speeches[edit]

text:
Longest speech

The longest Oscar speech was that given by Greer Garson at the 15th Academy Awards after she was named Best Actress for 1942 for Mrs. Miniver. Her speech ran for nearly six minutes.[23] It was shortly after this incident that the Academy set forty-five seconds as the allotted time for an acceptance speech and began to cut the winners off after this time limit. When presenting the Best Actor award at the 24th Academy Awards, Garson quipped, "I think I have ten minutes left over from a highly emotional speech I made a few years ago. I'd be glad to give it to them."

Shortest speech

The shortest Oscar speech was that given by Patty Duke at the 35th Academy Awards after she was named Best Supporting Actress for 1962 for The Miracle Worker. Duke, age 16, was the youngest person at that time to receive an Academy Award in a competitive category. Her acceptance speech was, simply, two words – "Thank you" – after which she walked off the stage.[24]

text: Tied winners[edit]

text: There have been six two-way ties:

text:
1931/32: Best Actor – Wallace Beery (The Champ) and Fredric March (Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde)
1949: Best Documentary Short – A Chance to Live and So Much for So Little
1968: Best Actress – Katharine Hepburn (The Lion in Winter) and Barbra Streisand (Funny Girl)
1986: Best Documentary – Artie Shaw: Time Is All You've Got and Down and Out in America
1994: Best Short Film (Live Action) – Franz Kafka's It's a Wonderful Life and Trevor
2012: Best Sound Editing – Paul N. J. Ottosson (Zero Dark Thirty) and Per Hallberg and Karen Baker Landers (Skyfall)


document_title: Victim impact statement

question_text: who creates and delivers a victim impact statement

text: Victim impact statement

text: Overview[edit]

text: One purpose of the statement is to allow the person or persons most directly affected by the crime to address the court during the decision making process. It is seen to personalize the crime and elevate the status of the victim. From the victim's point of view it is regarded as valuable in aiding their emotional recovery from their ordeal. It has also been suggested they may confront an offender with the results of their crime and thus aid rehabilitation.

text: Another purpose of the statement is to inform a court of the harm suffered by the victim if the court is required to, or has the option of, having regard to the harm suffered by the victim in deciding the sentence.

text: In cases of crimes resulting in death, the right to speak is extended to family members. In some jurisdictions there are very different rules on how victim impact statements from family members may be regarded. This is because it is seen as unprincipled that different punishments for death are given according to the how much the victim is missed, or conversely that someone's death is relatively less harmful if they have no family. In the circumstance of death, some jurisdictions have described victim impact statements from family members as 'irrelevant' to sentence but not 'unimportant' to the process: they are valued for restorative purposes but cannot differentiate punishment for causing death.

text: In general terms, the person making the statement is allowed to discuss specifically the direct harm or trauma they have suffered and problems that have resulted from the crime such as loss of income. Some jurisdictions allow for attaching medical and psychiatric reports that demonstrate harm to the victim. They can also discuss the impact the crime has had on their ambitions or plans for the future, and how this also impacted their extended family.

text: Some jurisdictions permit statements to express what they deem to be an appropriate punishment or sentence for the criminal.

text: Some jurisdictions expressly forbid any proposal or suggestion on punishment or sentencing. Among other reasons, this is because the sentencing process is solely the domain of the judge who considers many more factors than harm to victims. Allowing suggestions on punishment or sentence can create a false hope of the eventual sentence and undermine the notion of restorative justice.

text: In civil cases, a victim impact statement may be used to determine how much is awarded to the plaintiff.[1]

text: United States[edit]

text: The first such statement in the United States was presented in 1976 in Fresno, California, and was passed as law in California in 1982,  because of Doris Tate's concern that any members of the Manson family cult that killed her daughter, Sharon Tate, in 1969 might obtain parole.

text: In 1982, the Final Report of the President's Task Force on Victims of Crime recommended that "judges allow for, and give appropriate weight to, input at sentencing from victims of violent crime." In 1992, the United States Attorney General released 24 recommendations to strengthen the criminal justice system's treatment of crime victims. The Attorney General endorsed the use of victim impact statements and stated that judges should "provide for hearing and considering the victims' perspective at sentencing and at any early release proceedings."

text: In 1991, the Supreme Court of the United States held that a victim impact statement in the form of testimony was allowed during the sentencing phase of a trial in Payne v. Tennessee 501 U.S. 808 (1991). It ruled that the admission of such statements did not violate the Constitution and that the statements could be ruled as admissible in death penalty cases.

text: By 1997, 44 of the American states allowed the presentation of victim impact statements during its official process, although until 1991 these statements were held as inadmissible in cases where the death penalty was sought.

text: The law varies in different states, and while most states allow statements to be made during the sentencing phase of the trial, Indiana and Texas allow for statements to also be made after sentencing.

text: Australia[edit]

text: The State of South Australia enacted law in 1988 specifically providing for Victim Impact Statements in the sentencing process, and other States followed with legislation that either provides specifically or generally for the tendering of victim impact statements as part of the sentencing process.

text: Among current issues with victim impact statements is their relative newness and a lack of research into their actual effectiveness against their theoretical goals. There are occasionally legal issues surrounding the admissibility of facts in a victim impact statement that are materially adverse to an offender.

text: In the State of Queensland, the Director of Public Prosecution guidelines require prosecutors to remove inappropriate or inflammatory material from Victim Impact Statements prior to them being submitted before a court to prevent any such issues.

text: Finland[edit]

text: In Finland, the victim has a right to recommend a punishment different from the one recommended by the prosecution.[2]


document_title: Grace Under Fire

question_text: who played rick bradshaw on grace under fire

text: Grace Under Fire

text: Premise of show[edit]

text: Grace Under Fire, produced by Carsey-Werner International, was part of a wave of shows in the late 1980s and 1990s that were built around a comedian (and in some cases, closely based on his or her comedy routine). As for Carsey-Werner, many of their shows were based on non-traditional, non-nuclear families.[2][3][4]

text: Grace Under Fire followed a similar formula; set in a small Missouri town,[5] Butler starred as Grace Kelly, a divorced single mother and recovering alcoholic. The show begins after the main character divorces her abusive alcoholic husband of eight years in an attempt to start life anew and prevent her children from making the same mistakes she did. The show revolved around Grace; her children, mischievous Quentin (Noah Segan, pilot; Jon Paul Steuer, seasons 1-3; Sam Horrigan, seasons 4-5), happy-go-lucky Libby (Kaitlin Cullum), and infant Patrick (Dylan and Cole Sprouse); her happily married best friends and neighbors, Nadine and Wade Swoboda (Julie White and Casey Sander); and the town's bachelor pharmacist, Russell Norton (Dave Thomas). All of them helped Grace keep whatever shreds of sanity she had left.

text: In the first three seasons, the show had a very blue-collar appeal due to Grace's chosen line of work, post-divorce; she operated pipelines at the local oil refinery, and had a second family of fellow crew workers down at the plant. Among them were heavy-set Dougie Boudreau (Walter Olkewicz), friendly Vic (Dave Florek), and Carl (Louis Mandylor). Their gruff boss was Bill Davis (Charles Hallahan). Both Bill and Carl were dropped after the first season; while Carl hadn't a permanent on-screen replacement, the crew's new boss was John Shirley (Paul Dooley) starting in the second season.

text: Russell's friendship with Grace, and their on-and-off dating rituals, became a running theme in the series. Throughout their friendship they often dated other people; for a time in 1994, Grace dated Ryan Sparks (William Fichtner), a quirky chemist who worked in the oil refinery's labs. In season three, Grace entered into a relationship with suave plant executive Rick Bradshaw (Alan Autry). As with Ryan, the affair between Grace and Rick occurred despite their radically different places in the company ladder. When the fourth season opened, Grace moved on from the oil refinery and took an entry-level position with an ad agency, working her way up to being a white-collar professional. That job only lasted a month, but she then took on similar business work for a construction company owned by D.C. (Don "D.C." Curry). In the final season, Russell found some romantic interest in Dottie (Lauren Tom), a gossiping makeup artist.

text: Throughout the entire five-year run, Grace's ex-husband Jimmy Kelly (Geoff Pierson) showed up, sometimes causing problems and at others miraculously clean and sober, trying to win Grace back. A reconciliation never quite happened, but the two did settle on a good friendship for the sake of the kids. In the midst of Jimmy's attempts to get straight, his father Emmett (guest star Matt Clark) died. In the aftermath of his death, it was revealed that Emmett was gay. At this time, Jimmy's mother Jean (Peggy Rea), Grace's disapproving and moralizing former mother-in-law, offered to move in and help Grace raise the kids (Rea had previously guest starred as Jean a few times since the series premiered). Russell eventually reconciled with his estranged dad, Floyd (Tom Poston), who ended up moving in with him and working with him in the pharmacy. As far as Grace's own kin and past life went, she had a regular source of support from her sister Faith (Valri Bromfield) in the first two seasons. Another development came when Grace was contacted by her first child, Matthew (guest star Tom Everett Scott), whom she gave up for adoption before meeting Jimmy. Matthew had questions about his ancestry and ended up meeting his biological father.

text: In early 1998, Grace's old friend Bev Henderson (Julia Duffy) came back to town and ended up moving in with the Kellys. In the intervening years, Bev had become quite successful and wealthy. She briefly moved in with Grace to get in touch with her working-class roots. Grace and Bev's personal reunion was unexpectedly the last major storyline of the series. Although she was joining the cast full-time, Duffy only appeared in two network-aired episodes of Grace Under Fire before the series was abruptly canceled in mid-February.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Brett Butler as Grace Kelly
Dave Thomas as Russell Norton
Julie White as Nadine Swoboda (1993–1997)
Casey Sander as Wade Swoboda
Jon Paul Steuer as Quentin Kelly (1993–1996)
Sam Horrigan as Quentin Kelly (1996-1998)
Kaitlin Cullum as Elizabeth Louise "Libby" Kelly
Dylan and Cole Sprouse as Patrick Kelly
Walter Olkewicz as Dougie Boudreau (1993–1996)
Dave Florek as Vic (1993–1996)
Louis Mandylor as Carl (1993–1994)
Charles Hallahan as Bill Davis (1993–1994)
Valri Bromfield as Faith Burdette (1993–1995)
William Fichtner as Ryan Sparks (1994)
Paul Dooley as John Shirley (1994–1996)
Peggy Rea as Jean Kelly (1995–1998)
Tom Poston as Floyd Norton (1995–1998)
Alan Autry as Rick Bradshaw (1995–1996)
Don "D.C." Curry as D.C. (1997–1998)
Lauren Tom as Dot (1997–1998)
Julia Duffy as Bev Henderson (1998)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Viva Las Vegas[edit]

text: The episode "Vega$" is part of a crossover with Coach, The Drew Carey Show and Ellen set in Las Vegas. It features Drew Carey as Drew Carey, Joely Fisher as Paige Clark, Jeremy Piven as Spence Kovak and Jerry Van Dyke as Luther Van Damme.

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The show was the highest rated new show in its first season. In the month before Grace Under Fire first aired, Showtime broadcast the Carsey Werner-produced Brett Butler Special, a half-hour comedy performance by Butler.

text:
1993–1994: #5 (17.9 rating)
1994–1995: #4 (18.8 rating)
1995–1996: #13 (13.2 rating)
1996–1997: #45 (tie) (9.1 rating)
1997–1998: #68 (tie)

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Grace Under Fire was nominated for three Golden Globe awards: Best Performance by an Actress in a TV Series Comedy/Musical in 1995 and 1997 and Best TV Series Comedy/Musical in 1995.

text: Jean Stapleton was nominated for the 1995 Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy series Emmy Award for playing Aunt Vivian in the episode "The Road to Paris Texas." Diane Ladd was nominated for the same award the previous year for playing Louise Burdett in the episode entitled "Things Left Undone" written by Brett Butler and Wayne Lemon.

text: Controversy and cancellation[edit]

text: As the third season concluded in the spring of 1996, Jon Paul Steuer left the series. Sources have speculated that Steuer's mother pulled him out of the show after an incident with Butler, who allegedly flashed her breasts at the 12-year-old actor.[6] At the start of Season 4, Sam Horrigan became the third actor to play Quentin Kelly, and with him in the role, the character's age advanced to 16.

text: In the fourth and fifth seasons of the show, Butler was fighting a painkiller addiction, for which she eventually sought medical help. Cast member Julie White left the show after Season 4, also citing Butler's behavior as the reason.[7] The show, which had been a Top 20 series for its first three seasons, began to take a significant drop in the ratings during season four, from 13th place to 45th.[citation needed]

text: Butler's first round of treatment and rehab delayed the start of the 1997–98 season until November. After Grace Under Fire resumed production on season five, a newly clean Butler struggled to stay that way; the morale on the set was little better than in the previous season, due to the star's erratic behavior. Around the holidays, Butler relapsed again, and although the producers were as committed as ever to continuing the show, ABC was becoming concerned about Butler's overall health, and was less patient with her accelerated amount of missed tapings.

text: The show's ratings continued to fall dramatically, which may have well been attributed to Butler's reputation in the press, the longer-than-usual hiatus the series took between seasons four and five, and the fact that the character of Grace Kelly no longer went through the kinds of struggles that had made the show successful earlier on. The addition of Julia Duffy several episodes into the fifth season was a last-ditch attempt to improve the ratings, but with Butler in her current state, the network was not inspired to continue on. Rather abruptly, with the February 17, 1998 telecast, ABC canceled the series.[8][9] The three-month-long final season averaged at #68 in the 1997-98 Nielsen ratings.

text: Syndication[edit]

text: The series aired in syndication on the Oxygen Network in the United States, and TVtropolis in Canada. In the United Kingdom, the series was picked up by BBC2 where it aired from 1994 to 1999.[10] The show was added to Hulu on March 1, 2014. The series is currently running on the Laff digital broadcast network that went on the air on April 15, 2015.

text: Home video release[edit]

text: On May 4, 2015, it was announced that Visual Entertainment (VEI) had acquired the rights to the series in Region 1.[11]

text: It was subsequently announced that they will release Grace Under Fire: Complete Collection on DVD on October 6, 2015.[12][13]

text: International remakes[edit]

text: The show was remade in Russia as Lyuba, Children and the Factory in 2005.[14] A Polish adaptation, Hela w opałach (Hela Under Fire; Hela is short form from Helen), aired on TVN in September 2006.

text: Also there is another Russian adaptation as Ольга (Olga).[15] The show premiered on TNT on September 5, 2016.[16]


document_title: Blue moon

question_text: where does the phrase once in a blue moon originate

text: Blue moon

text: Definition[edit]

text: The term has traditionally referred to an "extra" full moon, where a year which normally has 12 full moons has 13 instead. The "blue moon" reference is applied to the third full moon in a season with four full moons,[2] thus correcting the timing of the last month of a season that would have otherwise been expected too early. This happens every two to three years (seven times in the Metonic cycle of 19 years).[3] The March 1946 issue of Sky & Telescope misinterpreted the traditional definition, which led to the modern colloquial misunderstanding that a blue moon is a second full moon in a single solar calendar month with no seasonal link.

text: Owing to the rarity of a blue moon, the term "blue moon" is used colloquially to mean a rare event, as in the phrase "once in a blue moon".[4][5]

text: One lunation (an average lunar cycle) is 29.53 days. There are about 365.24 days in a tropical year. Therefore, about 12.37 lunations (365.24 days divided by 29.53 days) occur in a tropical year. In the widely used Gregorian calendar, there are 12 months (the word month is derived from moon[6]) in a year, and normally there is one full moon each month. Each calendar year contains roughly 11 days more than the number of days in 12 lunar cycles. The extra days accumulate, so every two or three years (seven times in the 19-year Metonic cycle), there is an extra full moon. The extra full moon necessarily falls in one of the four seasons, giving that season four full moons instead of the usual three, and, hence, a blue moon.

text:
In calculating the dates for Lent and Easter, Catholic clergy identified a Lenten moon. Historically, when the moons arrived too early, they called the early moon a "betrayer" (belewe) moon, so the Lenten moon came at its expected time.
Folklore named each of the 12 full moons in a year according to its time of year. The occasional 13th full moon that came too early for its season was called a "blue moon", so the rest of the moons that year retained their customary seasonal names.
The Maine Farmers' Almanac called the third full moon in a season that had four the "blue moon".
The frequency of a blue moon can be calculated as follows. It is the period of time it would take for an extra synodic orbit of the moon to occur in a year. Given that a year is approximately 365.2425 days and a synodic orbit is 29.5309 days,[7] then there are about 12.368 synodic months in a year. For this to add up to another full month would take 1/0.368 years. Thus it would take about 2.716 years, or 2 years, 8 months and 18 days for another blue moon to occur.
Using the common Sky & Telescope misunderstanding, when one calendar month has two full moons; the second one is called a "blue moon". On rare occasions in a calendar year (as happened in 2010 in time zones east of UTC+07), both January and March each have two full moons, so that the second one in each month is called a "blue moon"; in this case, the month of February, with only 28 or 29 days, has no full moon. Under this misinterpretation a blue moon can be more frequent.

text: Origin of the term[edit]

text: The suggestion has been made that the term "blue moon" for "intercalary month" arose by folk etymology, the "blue" replacing the no-longer-understood belewe, 'to betray'. The original meaning would then have been "betrayer moon", referring to a full moon that would "normally" (in years without an intercalary month) be the full moon of spring, while in an intercalary year, it was "traitorous" in the sense that people would have had to continue fasting for another month in accordance with the season of Lent.[8][9]

text: The earliest recorded English usage of the term blue moon is found in an anti-clerical pamphlet (attacking the Roman clergy, and cardinal Thomas Wolsey in particular) by two converted Greenwich friars, William Roy and Jerome Barlow, published in 1528 under the title Rede me and be nott wrothe, for I say no thynge but trothe. The relevant passage reads:[10]

text: O churche men are wyly foxes [...] Yf they say the mone is blewe / We must beleve that it is true / Admittynge their interpretacion.[11]

text: It is not clear from the context that this refers to intercalation; the context of the passage is a dialogue between two priest's servants, spoken by the character "Jeffrey" (a brefe dialoge betwene two preste's servauntis, named Watkyn and Ieffraye). The intention may simply be that Jeffrey makes an absurd statement, "the moon is blue", to make the point that priests require laymen to believe in statements even if they are patently false. But in the above interpretation of "betrayer moon", Jeffrey may also be saying that it is up to the priests to say when Lent will be delayed, by announcing "blue moons" which laymen have no means to verify.

text: Maine Farmers' Almanac blue moons[edit]

text: In the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Maine Farmers' Almanac listed blue moon dates for farmers. These correspond to the third full moon in a quarter of the year when there were four full moons (normally a quarter year has three full moons). Full moon names were given to each lunation in a season. The seasons used were those of the mean tropical year, equal in length, as opposed to the astronomical seasons which vary in length because the earth's speed in its orbit round the sun is not uniform.

text: To compare, in 1983 the equal seasons began at 1.48 AM on 23 March, 9.15 AM on 22 June, 4.42 PM on 21 September and 12.10 AM on 22 December, while the astronomical seasons began at 4.39 AM on 21 March, 11.09 PM on 21 June, 2.42 PM on 23 September and 10.30 AM on 22 December (all times GMT). When a season has four full moons the third is called the "blue moon" so that the last can continue to be called with the proper name for that season.[2]

text: Sky and Telescope calendar misinterpretation[edit]

text: The March 1946 Sky and Telescope article "Once in a Blue Moon" by James Hugh Pruett misinterpreted the 1937 Maine Farmers' Almanac. "Seven times in 19 years there were – and still are – 13 full moons in a year. This gives 11 months with one full moon each and one with two. This second in a month, so I interpret it, was called Blue Moon." Widespread adoption of the definition of a "blue moon" as the second full moon in a month followed its use on the popular radio program StarDate on January 31, 1980[2] and in a question in the Trivial Pursuit game in 1986.[5]

text: Visibly blue moon[edit]

text: The most literal meaning of blue moon is when the moon (not necessarily a full moon) appears to a casual observer to be unusually bluish, which is a rare event. The effect can be caused by smoke or dust particles in the atmosphere, as has happened after forest fires in Sweden and Canada in 1950 and 1951,[12] and after the eruption of Krakatoa in 1883, which caused the moon to appear blue for nearly two years. Other less potent volcanoes have also turned the moon blue. People saw blue moons in 1983 after the eruption of the El Chichón volcano in Mexico, and there are reports of blue moons caused by Mount St. Helens in 1980 and Mount Pinatubo in 1991.[13] In the Antarctic diary of Robert Falcon Scott for July 11, 1911 his entry says, "... the air thick with snow, and the moon a vague blue".[14] On that date the moon phase would have looked full.

text: On September 23, 1950, several muskeg fires that had been smoldering for several years in Alberta, Canada, suddenly blew up into major—and very smoky—fires. Winds carried the smoke eastward and southward with unusual speed, and the conditions of the fire produced large quantities of oily droplets of just the right size (about 1 micrometre in diameter) to scatter red and yellow light. Wherever the smoke cleared enough so that the sun was visible, it was lavender or blue. Ontario, Canada, and much of the east coast of the United States were affected by the following day, and two days later, observers in Britain reported an indigo sun in smoke-dimmed skies, followed by an equally blue moon that evening.[13]

text: The key to a blue moon is having lots of particles slightly wider than the wavelength of red light (0.7 micrometer)—and no other sizes present. It is rare, but volcanoes sometimes produce such clouds, as do forest fires. Ash and dust clouds thrown into the atmosphere by fires and storms usually contain a mixture of particles with a wide range of sizes, with most smaller than 1 micrometer, and they tend to scatter blue light. This kind of cloud makes the moon turn red; thus red moons are far more common than blue moons.[15]

text: Blue moons between 2009 and 2021[edit]

text: The following blue moons occur between 2009 and 2021. These dates use UTC as the timezone; exact dates vary with different timezones.

text: Seasonal[edit]

text: Using the Maine Farmers' Almanac definition of blue moon (meaning the third full moon in a season of four full moons, but referenced to astronomical rather than equal seasons), blue moons have occurred or will occur on:

text:
November 21, 2010
August 20, 2013
May 21, 2016
May 18, 2019
August 22, 2021

text: Calendar[edit]

text: Unlike the astronomical seasonal definition, these dates are dependent on the Gregorian calendar and time zones.

text: Two full moons in one month (the second of which is a "blue moon"):[16]

text:
2009: December 2 and 31 (partial lunar eclipse visible in some parts of the world), only in time zones west of UTC+05.
2010: January 1 (partial lunar eclipse) and 30, only in time zones east of UTC+04:30.
2010: March 1 and 30, only in time zones east of UTC+07.
2012: August 2 and 31, only in time zones west of UTC+10.
2012: September 1 and 30, only in time zones east of UTC+10:30.
2015: July 2 and 31.
2018: January 2 and 31, only in time zones west of UTC+11.
2018: March 2 and 31, only in time zones west of UTC+12.
2020: October 1 and 31, only in time zones west of UTC+10.

text: The next time New Year's Eve falls on a Blue Moon (as occurred on December 31, 2009 in time zones west of UTC+05) is after one Metonic cycle, in 2028 in time zones west of UTC+08. At that time there will be a total lunar eclipse.

text: Popular culture[edit]

text: Blue moons have been referenced in popular culture.

text: Music[edit]

text: "Blue Moon" is a popular music standard, written by Richard Rodgers and Lorenz Hart in 1934,[17] and one of the best known football chants,[18] used since the '90s by Manchester City and Crewe Alexandra.[19] "Once in a Very Blue Moon" is a song written by Patrick Alger, recorded by Nanci Griffith, and released on her 1984 LP of the same name. "New Blue Moon", released in 1990, was a song written and recorded by the Traveling Wilburys. There are more modern songs, like Beck's 2014 "Blue Moon."[17][20] South Korean rock band CN Blue named their 2013-2014 concert tour "Blue Moon World Tour.".[21] "Blue Moon of Kentucky" is a bluegrass standard, written in 1946 by Bill Monroe.

text: Books[edit]

text: In the 1998 paranormal romance fiction novel by Laurell K. Hamilton of the same name, Blue Moon refers to two full moons occurring within the same month.[22] In the 2009 young adult fiction novel by Alyson Noël of the same name, Blue Moon refers to two full moons occurring within the same month and the same astrological sign.[23] Note that if two full moons fall within the same astrological sign they will fall in different calendar months, and vice versa. In the novels of Simon R. Green the blue moon plays a significant magical role, and also figures in titles of three of his novels: Blue Moon Rising, Beyond the Blue Moon, and Once in a Blue Moon, all of the Hawk & Fisher fantasy series.

text: Films and television[edit]

text: The Moon Is Blue, a 1953 movie starring William Holden, was nominated for three Oscars.[24] Blue Moon Investigations is the name of the detective agency in the TV series Moonlighting starring Cybill Shepherd and Bruce Willis.[25] A Blue Moon appears as a significant element in the 2011 film The Smurfs,[26] and the Wikipedia page on Blue Moon is viewed in the movie. The Smurfs TV show also featured the blue moon in an episode.[27] The theme song for The Sopranos, "Woke Up This Morning" by Alabama 3, references "a blue moon in your eyes" in its lyrics. "Once in a Blue Moon" is also the name of an episode of TV show Charmed, which involves the three witches being affected by the blue moon magically, and turning into monsters.[28]

text: Video Games[edit]

text: Blue moon is the name of a country in Nintendo's Advance Wars series.