document_title: Timeless (TV series)

question_text: who plays lucy on the tv show timeless

question_tokens: who plays lucy on the tv show timeless

text: Timeless (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: When an experimental time machine is stolen, a history professor, a soldier and an engineer are tasked with capturing the culprit, only to learn that the thief plans to rewrite American history, and that each of them has a connection to his plan, as well as the mysterious organization that funded the machine's development.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Abigail Spencer as Lucy Preston, a history professor and leader of the "Lifeboat" team.
Matt Lanter as Master Sergeant Wyatt Logan, a U.S. Army Delta Force operative and soldier of the "Lifeboat" team.
Malcolm Barrett as Rufus Carlin, a programmer and pilot of the "Lifeboat" team.
Sakina Jaffrey as Denise Christopher, the Homeland Security agent in charge of the "Lifeboat" team.
Paterson Joseph as Connor Mason, head of Mason Industries, creator of the "Lifeboat" and "Mothership" time machines.
Claudia Doumit as Jiya, a talented young programmer at Mason Industries.
Goran Višnjić as Garcia Flynn, a former NSA asset who the team chases when he steals the "Mothership"; he later joins the "Lifeboat" team to stop Rittenhouse.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Matt Frewer as Anthony Bruhl (season 1), time travel project leader at Mason Industries
Susanna Thompson as Carol Preston, Lucy's mother
John Getz as Benjamin Cahill (season 1), Rittenhouse agent and Lucy's biological father
Chad Rook as Karl (season 1), Flynn's henchman
Annie Wersching as Emma Whitmore, former Mason Industries employee and Rittenhouse member
Michael Rady as Nicholas Keynes (season 2), Rittenhouse leader from 1918
Tonya Glanz as Jessica Logan (season 2), Wyatt's wife

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Long considered one of NBC's hot pilots, it was ordered to series on May 13, 2016, after lengthy negotiations to obtain the series' "in-season stacking rights", which allow a network to stream all episodes of a series' current season via all the network's online platforms.[1] On November 1, 2016, NBC ordered three additional episodes, increasing the first season order to 16. The season concluded on February 20, 2017.[2]

text: Shawn Ryan and Eric Kripke, creators and show runners of the series, drew inspiration from Quantum Leap, Back to the Future, and Voyagers.

text: Lawsuit over concept[edit]

text: Ryan, Kripke, Sony Pictures Entertainment and NBCUniversal are being sued by Onza Entertainment for breach of contract and copyright infringement, claiming that the concept for Timeless is based on the Spanish series, El Ministerio del Tiempo (The Ministry of Time), which follows the adventures of a three-person team made up of two men and a woman who travel to the past with a view to preserving past events.[3] The defendants responded to the suit in a November 23, 2016 filing, contending that shows about time travel are an established television genre, and that similarities between the two shows are generic, and largely based on the notion that the main characters will travel in time to effect some kind of change.[4]

text: A request to dismiss Onza's lawsuit by Sony was denied on February 15, 2017.[5]

text: Cancellation and reprieve[edit]

text: On May 10, 2017, NBC cancelled the series after one season.[6] Three days later, following negotiations with Sony Pictures Television, NBC renewed the series for a ten-episode second season,[7][8] which premiered on March 11, 2018.[9] On June 22, 2018, NBC announced that the series had once again been cancelled, although the production of a possible two-hour movie finale to properly conclude the series was being discussed.[10] On July 31, 2018, NBC announced it had ordered a two-hour wrap-up movie to properly conclude the series, to air in late 2018.[11]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeUS viewers(millions)11"Pilot"Neil MarshallEric Kripke & Shawn RyanOctober 3, 2016 (2016-10-03)1017.60[12]
The team pursues Flynn to 1937, where he prevents the Hindenburg disaster in order to bomb the dirigible on its return flight to Europe, when it is carrying important Americans to the Coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. Lucy theorizes that Flynn wants to destroy the United States of America "in the crib". Lucy, Wyatt, and Rufus hijack the Hindenburg and force it to land; as a result, all of the passengers survive despite the airship being destroyed by a stray gunshot from one of Flynn's henchmen. During a confrontation with Lucy and Wyatt, Flynn shoots and kills reporter Kate Drummond, whom Lucy and Wyatt had befriended and who was supposed to die in the original crash. Flynn reveals to Lucy that he possesses a journal written in her handwriting which she has yet to create; he urges her to ask Agent Christopher about "Rittenhouse". In the present, Agent Christopher denies knowledge of Rittenhouse and Rufus reluctantly gives Connor an audio recording from the mission. Lucy discovers that her invalid mother is now healthy, but her younger sister Amy no longer exists and Lucy herself is engaged.
22"The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln"Neil MarshallTom SmutsOctober 10, 2016 (2016-10-10)1026.20[13]
Flynn travels to April 14, 1865, the date of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. He works with John Wilkes Booth, intending to ensure the success of the planned assassinations of Vice President Andrew Johnson, Secretary of State William H. Seward, and General Ulysses S. Grant. Lucy meets Robert Todd Lincoln and attends the fateful performance at Ford's Theatre as his guest; Flynn, frustrated with Booth's refusal to use a modern firearm, takes his place and murders Lincoln himself, but Lucy saves Grant while Rufus and Wyatt save Johnson and Seward, respectively. In the present, Lucy learns that her parents never met because her father married the granddaughter of a Hindenburg passenger, which means the man who raised her was never really her biological father. Rufus refuses to make further recordings for Connor, but Connor forces him to continue on the basis of having financed his education; it is revealed that both are aware of "Rittenhouse". Lucy arrives home, late for her own engagement party, where she confronts her mother over her father's identity, but is interrupted by a greeting from her fiancé, whom she does not know.
33"Atomic City"Charles BeesonLana ChoOctober 17, 2016 (2016-10-17)1035.86[14]
Agent Christopher orders Wyatt to eliminate Rufus's coworker Anthony, whom Flynn abducted when he stole the time machine. In 1962 Las Vegas, when atomic tests are common near the city, Flynn uses intimate photographs to blackmail John F. Kennedy's mistress, Judith Campbell, into helping him steal a plutonium core, as her relationship with a general enables her to access a secure nuclear facility. Rufus discovers that Anthony is Flynn's willing collaborator; they are working to destroy Rittenhouse. Anthony seemingly relinquishes the core to Rufus, and Rufus prevents Wyatt from killing his former colleague. The team discovers the core is a decoy while Flynn successfully escapes with the real device. Wyatt arranges for a telegram to be delivered to his wife in fifty years, attempting to save her life in 2012. Upon their return to the present, Wyatt learns that his wife is still dead and he covers up Rufus' protection of Anthony; Lucy tells her fiancé, Noah, that she needs to move to her mother's to clear her head. In the Nevada desert, Flynn and Anthony dig up the plutonium core, which they had buried rather than risk transporting it through time.
44"Party at Castle Varlar"Billy GierhartJim BarnesOctober 24, 2016 (2016-10-24)1045.47[15]
Jiya locates Flynn by tracking his usage of the power grid to charge the Mothership, but Flynn's group escapes. In Germany during 1944, the team believes Flynn intends to give his nuclear weapon to the Nazis, but he is actually planning to abduct Wernher von Braun and deliver him to the Soviet Union. With help from Ian Fleming, the team secures von Braun's defection to the Allies. Wyatt helps Lucy find "something to fight for" to overcome her fears during field work, while Ian and Rufus discuss the matter of trust among spies. Rufus confronts von Braun, who claims that moral considerations impede innovation. In the present, the team discovers that their adventure inspired a James Bond film that is new to the timeline. Lucy demands that Agent Christopher and Connor help her recover Amy as a condition of her continued cooperation. Rufus correctly theorizes that Anthony has used the plutonium to create a permanent battery for the time machine rather than a weapon. Rufus refuses to continue spying on his teammates, but a man from Rittenhouse threatens Rufus's family if he does not cooperate.
55"The Alamo"John TerleskyAnne Cofell SaundersOctober 31, 2016 (2016-10-31)1055.24[16]
Flynn travels to March 2, 1836, and convinces Mexican President General Antonio López de Santa Anna to attack the Alamo three days before the actual attack occurred. Lucy, Wyatt, and Rufus follow suit and enter the Alamo Mission, but Flynn kills William B. Travis, preventing him from finishing his "Victory or Death" letter. Making matters worse is the Mexican Army waving the red flag to take no prisoners in their siege. Flynn is upset that the timeline is changing; in the original timeline, Santa Anna allowed the women and children to leave the Alamo before the final assault. Wyatt and Rufus dig an underground passageway to the aqueduct, while Lucy finishes Travis's letter and entrusts it to John William Smith, who escapes with the women and children while James Bowie and Davy Crockett fend off against the invading Mexicans. Wyatt is told he will be replaced, but Lucy and Rufus convince Christopher to keep him on. Lucy's letter, although substantially different from Travis's original, preserves the timeline by rallying support for the Texas Revolution. Lucy reconciles with her mother, who writes down the name of Lucy's father and gives it to her.
66"The Watergate Tape"Greg BeemanKent RotherhamNovember 14, 2016 (2016-11-14)1064.53[17]
The team follows Flynn to the start of the Watergate scandal in 1972 to prevent him from finding the missing gap in the Watergate tapes, but Flynn captures them and reveals he already has the tape. He plays a recording of Richard Nixon talking about Rittenhouse and blackmails Lucy and Rufus to find a missing "doc" Nixon mentioned to save Wyatt's life. Rufus is threatened by a Rittenhouse agent in the present day to contact someone in 1972; his contact orders him to "destroy the doc". Flynn reveals to Wyatt that he learned Rittenhouse was bankrolling Mason Industries but, when he reported this to his superiors in the NSA, Rittenhouse murdered his wife and daughter. Using intelligence obtained from "Deep Throat", Lucy and Rufus are led to a Black Liberation Army safe house and discover that "Doc" is a former Rittenhouse member who knows the organization's entire roster. Lucy and Rufus manage to rescue Wyatt and help Doc escape. Lucy intends to visit her biological father, Benjamin Cahill (who is revealed to be the Rittenhouse agent threatening Rufus), but leaves without introducing herself, unaware of who Cahill really is.
77"Stranded"Holly DaleArika Lisanne MittmanNovember 21, 2016 (2016-11-21)1074.71[18]
The team follows Flynn to 1754, the beginning of the French and Indian War. Flynn's henchmen sabotage the Lifeboat, stranding the trio. With no technological means to repair their time machine, Rufus buries a message in a bottle for Mason to dig up. The trio are captured by the Shawnee tribe and they meet chieftain Nonhelema. Nonhelema orders Lucy and Wyatt be executed, but chooses to spare Rufus's life. After Rufus convinces the chieftain to let his teammates go, the trio proceeds to Fort Duquesne, where Rufus collects items to repair the Lifeboat. Mason's team recovers the bottle, but the message is almost completely faded. Jiya deduces the message from the sparse wording recovered, helping the Lifeboat navigate back to present day after the group repairs it. Jiya reveals her true feelings for Rufus, while Agent Christopher requests that Mason to be placed under surveillance. The trio repairs their strained relationship and Wyatt convinces Lucy to choose her own path, rather than letting it be determined by the journal Flynn possesses.
88"Space Race"Charles BeesonMatt WhitneyNovember 28, 2016 (2016-11-28)1084.78[19]
Flynn and his team travel to July 20, 1969, to infiltrate the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston and disrupt the Apollo 11 mission. Shortly after entering the timeline, Rufus confronts Anthony over his involvement in the 1754 stranding, but Anthony escapes when Mission Control loses communication with Apollo 11. Rufus discovers through a local computer that Anthony has inserted a DoS attack into the center's mainframe. As 1960s technology is unable to counter the virus, Rufus and Lucy get help from mathematician Katherine Johnson, who gets them into the mainframe. Just as they are deleting the virus, they are confronted by Anthony and one of Flynn's henchmen. Rufus kills the henchman before Anthony escapes while communication with Apollo 11 is restored by Rufus and Katherine's computer fix. Meanwhile, Flynn meets Lockman Aerospace secretary Maria Thompkins and her son Gabriel at a park before disappearing from Wyatt's sight. Wyatt explains to Maria that Flynn is a Russian spy, but Flynn sneaks into her home and injects Gabriel with a shot of epinephrine to counter an anaphylactic reaction before getting away from Wyatt. Back in the present, the team discovers through a secret file that Maria was Flynn's mother and Gabriel was his half-brother.
99"Last Ride of Bonnie & Clyde"John TerleskyAnslem RichardsonDecember 5, 2016 (2016-12-05)1095.08[20]
The trio travels to 1934 in Arkansas as Flynn tries to find a necklace key related to Rittenhouse. Upon their arrival, they encounter Bonnie Parker and Clyde Barrow during a bank robbery and discover that Bonnie is wearing the key. Lucy and Wyatt help Bonnie and Clyde escape from a gunfight with the police and Flynn. Meanwhile, Rufus is arrested and interrogated by Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, but he is released. Hamer gets Barrow Gang member Henry Methvin to reveal Bonnie and Clyde's location. At their hideout, Bonnie reveals that Clyde gave her the key as an engagement gift after stealing it from Henry Ford. Methvin shows up at the hideout, as well as Rufus, but Methvin is killed by Clyde after Rufus reveals his betrayal. Meanwhile, Hamer's posse and Flynn close in and a shootout occurs. Flynn grabs the key and escapes before both Bonnie and Clyde are shot dead by Hamer. Back in the present day, Mason warns Cahill that Agent Christopher is coming close to discovering Rittenhouse, unaware that she has him on surveillance. Upon the trio's return, Rufus agrees to ally with Agent Christopher. Elsewhere, Flynn uses the key to open a clock, revealing a secret letter.
1010"The Capture of Benedict Arnold"John F. ShowalterTom SmutsDecember 12, 2016 (2016-12-12)1104.81[21]
Agent Christopher entrusts a thumb drive containing details of her family to Lucy to carry in the Lifeboat in case history changes again. The Lifeboat team pursues Flynn to New York on September 25, 1780, the day Benedict Arnold planned to surrender West Point to the British Army. The trio are captured by George Washington's forces and confronted by Flynn, who reveals that the secret letter shows Arnold was a founding member of Rittenhouse. He offers them the Mothership and the identity of Wyatt's wife's killer in exchange for them helping Flynn capture Arnold. The trio and Flynn rush to the British border acting as defectors and capture Arnold, who reveals that Rittenhouse was founded by David Rittenhouse. The group gets Arnold to bring them to meet Rittenhouse, who quickly foils their plot to kill him. Rittenhouse murders Arnold, but Rufus saves Wyatt and Flynn from being executed as well. Flynn kills Rittenhouse, but Rittenhouse's son, John, escapes from the scene. Flynn finds John and prepares to kill him, only to be interrupted by Lucy. When John disappears, Flynn takes Lucy with him aboard the Mothership and they disappear before Wyatt and Rufus can save her.
1111"The World's Columbian Exposition"Craig ZiskLana ChoJanuary 16, 2017 (2017-01-16)1113.45[22]
Wyatt and Rufus are desperate to rescue Lucy, who has been kidnapped by Flynn. Flynn takes Lucy to 1893 during the Chicago World's Fair with the intent to kill Thomas Edison, Henry Ford and J. P. Morgan. Wyatt and Rufus follow them, but get trapped with architect Sophia Hayden and a guest named George Henry in the World's Fair Hotel, run by serial killer H. H. Holmes. At the fair, Lucy and Flynn apprehend Harry Houdini and have him break into Edison's office to plant a bomb, but Houdini prevents Flynn from killing them. Houdini then helps Lucy save Wyatt and Rufus at the hotel. Lucy realizes that "George" is Holmes just as she is captured, but Wyatt saves her and kills Holmes. The trio bids farewell to Houdini and Sophia before returning to the present day. Rufus records a threat to Rittenhouse and hands it to Mason. Wyatt gets a phone call from Flynn, who reveals the identity of Jessica's killer and suggests that Wyatt try and erase the killer's existence.
1212"The Murder of Jesse James"John F. ShowalterJim BarnesJanuary 23, 2017 (2017-01-23)1123.46[23]
Wyatt visits Wes Gilliam at San Quentin to know if he really is Jessica's killer, while Lucy has a nightmare about Amy and Rufus finds out that Jiya will replace him as the Lifeboat's pilot in six months. The team travels to April 3, 1882, where Flynn saves famous outlaw Jesse James from being murdered by Charley and Robert Ford in order to get his cooperation in finding a person deep within Indian territory. To track Flynn and James, the trio enlists the help of U.S. Marshals Bass Reeves and Grant Johnson, but Rufus discovers that Wyatt plans to kill James himself. Flynn and James arrive at the home of Emma Whitmore, a former time machine pilot who avoided Rittenhouse by stranding herself in the 19th century. After Flynn and Emma leave the premises, James uses Flynn's assault rifle to ambush the Lifeboat team and Reeves, killing Johnson. Wyatt wounds James but, as Reeves tries to defuse the situation, Lucy kills James. Back in the present timeline, Rufus informs Mason and Agent Christopher that Emma is alive. Mason confronts Jiya over hacking secret video logs about Emma. At a bar, Wyatt asks Rufus to help him steal the Lifeboat to save Jessica.
1313"Karma Chameleon"Greg BeemanAnne Cofell SaundersJanuary 30, 2017 (2017-01-30)1133.51[24]
Wyatt and Rufus steal the Lifeboat and travel to Toledo, Ohio, in 1983 to circumvent the one-night stand between the parents of Jessica's killer, a bartender and a stewardess. After several unsuccessful attempts, Wyatt chases the bartender outside in the midst of a tornado. The bartender trips over debris, resulting in a fatal fall. Meanwhile, Emma tells Flynn and Anthony about Rittenhouse's real intentions for the time machines. Flynn wants to continue eradicating Rittenhouse, but Anthony thinks they should destroy both machines. Anthony confides in Lucy about his plans for sabotage. Lucy tells this information to Agent Christopher and they agree to keep it to themselves just before Lucy learns of Mason's dealings with her biological father, Benjamin Cahill. When Wyatt and Rufus return to the present, they discover Jessica was still killed but the other two women were saved, as Wyatt is taken into custody. There is an explosion at the Mothership's location, but there is a lack of debris from the machine and Anthony's body is discovered in the rubble with close-range gunshot wounds. Agent Christopher and Rufus realize that Flynn discovered Anthony's betrayal and escaped in the Mothership. Lucy confronts Cahill about Rittenhouse.
1414"The Lost Generation"Craig ZiskKent Rotherham & David HoffmanFebruary 6, 2017 (2017-02-06)1142.92[25]
With Wyatt arrested for stealing the Lifeboat, Lucy and Rufus travel with Master Sergeant Dave Baumgardner to Paris on May 21, 1927, the day Charles Lindbergh made the first solo transatlantic flight. There, Flynn shoots down the Spirit of St. Louis and takes Lindbergh hostage. The Lifeboat team meets journalist Ernest Hemingway, who helps them search for Flynn and Lindbergh. The trio chase after Emma and Karl outside a night club headlined by Josephine Baker, but Dave is killed in the ensuing gunfight. With Dave gone, a drunk Hemingway offers to be the team's muscle, much to Lucy's chagrin. Lucy is captured by Flynn, who plans to kill Lindbergh unless she convinces him to leave Rittenhouse. Rufus and Hemingway enter the city's catacombs and rescue Lucy and Lindbergh, who decides to go in hiding. Meanwhile, NSA Agent Jake Neville takes over the time machine project from Agent Christopher. Wyatt escapes after being secretly handed a paper clip by Agent Christopher. Lucy and Rufus are shocked to meet Neville upon their return. Lucy discovers in a history book that Lindbergh went underground for a few weeks before resuming his life of fame and fortune. At a warehouse in Oakland, Lucy, Wyatt, Rufus, and Agent Christopher meet to discuss their next plan of action.
1515"Public Enemy No. 1"Guy FerlandMatt Whitney & Anslem RichardsonFebruary 13, 2017 (2017-02-13)1152.99[26]
Agent Neville orders Rufus, Lucy, and a soldier to travel to 1962 Houston to erase Flynn from existence by killing his mother, but Rufus and Lucy steal the time machine and reunite with Wyatt. Although they had planned to save Lucy's sister, they jump to 1931 Chicago to pursue Flynn. There, Flynn helps Al Capone avoid jail in exchange for a meeting with Chicago mayor and Rittenhouse member William Hale Thompson. The team joins forces with Eliot Ness to bring the mobster to justice, but Ness is gunned down by one of Capone's hitmen. With Ness eliminated, the trio seeks help from Capone's elder brother who is living as a Prohibition agent under the name of Richard Hart. They gain access to Capone and the mobster reveals that Flynn has learned about a Rittenhouse meeting in 1954 before Hart announces that he is bringing him in. Capone shoots Rufus as a favor to Flynn before he is killed by Hart. Jiya is questioned by Mason and Agent Neville as to the team's whereabouts. Mason asks Cahill for access to NSA data to track not only the Lifeboat but virtually anyone globally. Just as the Lifeboat is about to jump, Rufus loses consciousness from his gunshot wound.
1616"The Red Scare"Matt Earl BeesleyArika Lisanne MittmanFebruary 20, 2017 (2017-02-20)1163.37[27]
The Lifeboat returns to the present, where Lucy has Noah treat Rufus before she breaks up with him. The team and Jiya jump to Washington, D.C., in 1954, where Flynn blackmails Joseph McCarthy into giving him the address of the Rittenhouse summit. After being arrested on suspicion of being Soviet spies, Lucy and Wyatt escape and coerce Ethan Cahill, Lucy's grandfather, into taking them to the summit. Upon their arrival, Lucy convinces Flynn of another way to stop Rittenhouse. When Jiya suffers a seizure, Wyatt and Rufus accompany her back to the present while Lucy stays with Flynn and Ethan. Meanwhile, Mason reveals Cahill's activities to Agent Christopher and expresses remorse for endangering Rufus. Back in the present, Lucy and Wyatt visit an elderly Ethan, who gives them decades' worth of records of Rittenhouse's activities. Mason and the team use the documents to systematically topple the organization. Lucy gives Flynn the name of the person behind the assassination of his family, but he is immediately arrested by Agent Christopher, who agrees to fulfill her promise to help Lucy restore Amy to the timeline. Lucy tells Carol about time travel and Amy, but her mother then reveals, to Lucy's horror, that she too is a Rittenhouse member. Meanwhile, Emma is seen stealing the Mothership.

text: Season 2 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeUS viewers(millions)171"The War to End All Wars"Greg BeemanArika Lisanne Mittman & Tom SmutsMarch 11, 2018 (2018-03-11)2012.97[28]
As Rufus and Wyatt prepare to get Amy back, Mason Industries is bombed. They survive, and Agent Christopher relocates them to a decommissioned nuclear bunker. Six weeks later, Lucy—now seemingly integrated into Rittenhouse—joins Carol and Emma and travels to the Battle of Saint-Mihiel, France on September 14, 1918, to save injured soldier Nicholas Keynes. In the repaired Lifeboat, Wyatt and Rufus follow the Mothership and discover Lucy sabotaging Carol's mission. Wyatt and Rufus get a copy of Keynes's 1910 Rittenhouse time travel manifesto from a modern Rittenhouse agent fully integrated into the past. Marie Curie and Irène Joliot-Curie, using a "petite Curie" radiography unit, help save Keynes, but Emma threatens to kill them when they discover the Mothership. Wyatt and Rufus take Keynes hostage, allowing the Curies to flee while Keynes is exchanged for Lucy. Mason, who feels as though he has nothing to contribute, develops an algorithm to track the Mothership's movements as Jiya continues to have seizures. Wyatt surmises that Rittenhouse has placed sleeper agents throughout history. Carol brings Keynes to 2018, and reveals that she is his granddaughter. Agent Christopher approaches an incarcerated Flynn about the manifesto, but he will only speak to Lucy.
182"The Darlington 500"Olatunde OsunsanmiJim BarnesMarch 18, 2018 (2018-03-18)2022.85[29]
The Lifeboat team follows the Mothership to September 4, 1955 in Darlington, South Carolina, after Flynn gives Lucy a tipoff about a Rittenhouse-affiliated address. They discover that Rittenhouse is after NASCAR race driver Ryan Millerson, who is scheduled to race at the Darlington 500. At the track, they realize that Millerson is the sleeper agent before race car driver Wendell Scott saves them from being killed by Emma. The trio deduce that a bomb in Millerson's car is intended to murder automotive executives in attendance, so Rittenhouse can take over the auto industry. They have Wendell sneak them into the track to stop Rittenhouse's mission. Wyatt kills Millerson, but not before the bomb is armed. Wyatt drives the car back to Wendell's garage, where Rufus defuses the bomb. In the present, as Mason is preparing for a public appearance against Agent Christopher's orders, she arrests him and sends him back to the bunker. Keynes reveals to his followers his vision to perfect humanity by cutting away its flaws.
193"Hollywoodland"John ShowalterMatt WhitneyMarch 25, 2018 (2018-03-25)2032.56[30]
The Lifeboat team travels to January 2, 1941, in Los Angeles, where Rittenhouse sleeper agent Lucas Calhoun, an RKO Pictures producer, steals the only existing copy of Citizen Kane and offers it to William Randolph Hearst in exchange for a weekly column in all Hearst Communications papers, allowing Rittenhouse to manipulate history using propaganda. With the help of actress and inventor Hedy Lamarr, the trio kill Lucas and recover the film. Rufus and Lamarr discuss intellectual property rights, leading to Lamarr becoming a tech billionaire in later years. Working in the past and present, the trio and Agent Christopher orchestrate Flynn's escape from prison so that he can help the Lifeboat team with their missions. He joins them in the bunker. A medical exam finds Jiya in peak health; Mason tells Agent Christopher that previous afflicted pilots suffered schizophrenia or death. Shortly after Wyatt and Lucy's working relationship becomes romantic, he discovers that his presumed-dead wife Jessica is alive.
204"The Salem Witch Hunt"Guy FerlandKent RotherhamApril 8, 2018 (2018-04-08)2042.47[31]
Seeing Lucy as an ideological threat, Nicholas orders Carol to kill her. Jiya tells Rufus of her premonition that he will kill 17th-century judge Samuel Sewall. Wyatt tells Lucy that Jessica is alive. Rufus attributes it to recent Rittenhouse activity in 1980. Lucy, Rufus, and Flynn take the Lifeboat to September 22, 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts, where they discover that Abiah Franklin, the future mother of Benjamin Franklin, is slated for execution in the Salem witch trials. Lucy and Rufus are arrested after Carol accuses Lucy of witchcraft. Carol slips Lucy a dagger to aid her escape, despite Lucy's rejection. Flynn shoots at the crowd, enabling all of the convicted to escape. Amid the chaos, Rufus defuses an armed confrontation with Sewall, but Sewall is killed by a runaway horse carriage. In the present, Jessica considers divorcing Wyatt as their relationship is strained, but he brings her to the bunker to show her the Lifeboat and reveal her original past. He asks for another chance with her. Distraught by the predestination paradox they experienced, Rufus asks Jiya to not describe her premonitions. For Carol's failure to kill Lucy, Nicholas tasks Emma with this.
215"The Kennedy Curse"Holly DaleLana ChoApril 15, 2018 (2018-04-15)2052.47[32]
Flynn stops a Rittenhouse sleeper agent from killing 17-year-old John F. Kennedy in 1934. To escape other agents, Wyatt and Rufus bring Kennedy to 2018. Kennedy flees before the Lifeboat is recharged. He hitches a ride with some college students, but is soon hospitalized with stomach pains. Carol captures Agent Christopher and, before releasing her, demands she protect Lucy by keeping her away from Rittenhouse's missions. Christopher gives Lucy this option, but Lucy refuses. Emma is tasked to kill Kennedy, and Wyatt fights her off at the hospital. Jessica intends to break up with Wyatt after realizing he and Lucy had a relationship, but recommits herself to Wyatt after Lucy describes his many efforts to save her. At a house party, Kennedy learns of his and his family's future, including the "Kennedy curse." The team save Kennedy. Emma escapes. Rufus advises Kennedy to avoid his assassination in Dallas. When the Lifeboat returns with Flynn after returning Kennedy to 1934, Kennedy was still assassinated, but in Austin.  After overhearing Lucy and Wyatt make peace with the end of their relationship, Flynn offers Lucy a beer.
226"The King of the Delta Blues"Greg BeemanAnslem RichardsonApril 22, 2018 (2018-04-22)2062.31[33]
Rufus and Jiya add a fourth Lifeboat seat. Mason loses his company. Lucy, Rufus, Flynn, and Mason follow the Mothership to San Antonio, Texas on November 23, 1936, to save Mason's idol, blues musician Robert Johnson, thereby preserving rock and roll and the 1960s counterculture revolution. The team save Johnson from a Rittenhouse sleeper agent, but Johnson flees, believing himself cursed. Lucy convinces Johnson's producer, Don Law, not to abandon the album, but his associate Betty, another sleeper agent, kills him. Lucy and Flynn commiserate over their lost loved ones. Rufus and Mason find Johnson and drive him to his sister's juke joint, where Mason kills Betty. Mason, inspired by Rufus' admiration for him, convinces Johnson to record the album with Mason as sound engineer. In the present, Agent Christopher sends Wyatt to raid Rittenhouse's headquarters. Wyatt fails to shoot Carol, who escapes in the Mothership with Nicholas and Emma. Lucy brings a vodka bottle to Flynn's room at night. When Jiya is troubled by a premonition, Rufus agrees to hear it. She believes he will die in a confrontation with cowboys.
237"Mrs. Sherlock Holmes"Douglas AarniokoskiDavid C. HoffmanApril 29, 2018 (2018-04-29)2072.52[34]
Lucy, Wyatt, Rufus, and Flynn follow the Mothership to New York City on March 4, 1919, where Rittenhouse frames suffragist Alice Paul for murder on the day she persuaded Woodrow Wilson to support the Nineteenth Amendment. Lucy and Wyatt enlist attorney and sleuth Grace Humiston, who disapproves of advocacy, to prove Paul's innocence, but Paul is murdered in her cell. Emma violates Nicholas's orders, and instead helps Rufus and Flynn stop the sleeper agent, who is masquerading as a suffragist. Emma wants to protect the rights of women like her mother, who saved them both from Emma's abusive father. Rufus, believing himself invincible in the absence of cowboys, is uncharacteristically reckless and is injured. Humiston persuades Wilson by speaking from the heart about equal justice for women, then detects and neutralizes the sleeper, whom Emma kills. In the present, Mason and Jiya salvage Rittenhouse data. Mason and Agent Christopher discover a photo of Jessica in the data. Rufus and Jiya argue over her premonition, then agree to face events together. Lucy tells Wyatt she and Flynn only talked. They agree to focus on saving the world. Nicholas advances an ideological and romantic partnership with Emma.
248"The Day Reagan Was Shot"Alex KalymniosArika Lisanne Mittman & Lauren GreerMay 6, 2018 (2018-05-06)2082.23[35]
Lucy, Wyatt, Rufus, and Jiya follow the Mothership to Washington, D.C., on March 30, 1981, the day Ronald Reagan was shot. When Wyatt saves an MPD officer from a gunman, he realizes she is a young Denise Christopher and Rittenhouse's target. Denise is injured, and her mother urges her to give up police work and accept an arranged marriage. Lucy and Jiya help Denise identify a fugitive John Hinckley Jr., ensuring his capture. To change Denise's mind, Lucy and Jiya reveal themselves as time travelers and show her the photos of her wife and children. Denise breaks the engagement by coming out to her mother, which she had never done originally. Wyatt and Rufus capture the sleeper, Owen, an unwilling Rittenhouse pawn. They kill Owen's true-believer brother Zac before he can get to Denise. Owen commits suicide, fearing Rittenhouse's retribution. In the present, Agent Christopher realizes she is the target. At Flynn's urging, she spends time with her family. She is grateful to Wyatt and Lucy, and her mother becomes a loving member of her family. Jiya and Rufus pledge to save Rufus's life. Flynn tells Lucy that she came from the future to provide her journal after his family was murdered. Jessica reveals to Wyatt that she is pregnant, and her brother, who originally died in childhood, was saved by medical treatment with unexplained financing.
259"The General"John F. ShowalterMatt WhitneyMay 13, 2018 (2018-05-13)2092.43[36]
Lucy, Wyatt, Rufus, and Flynn follow the Mothership to South Carolina on June 1, 1863, where Rittenhouse sleeper agent Confederate Colonel Ryerson uses a history book provided by Emma to outmaneuver Union forces and drive away Colonel James Montgomery and his forces. Wyatt and Rufus work with Harriet Tubman to orchestrate a plantation raid similar to the original Combahee River Raid, while Lucy and Flynn convince Montgomery to reinforce Tubman. Tubman trusts Rufus because she experienced a divine vision of his assistance, that unbeknownst to her also depicted the Lifeboat. In the present, Carol focuses Nicholas on the idea of Rittenhouse as a family legacy. Jiya meets institutionalized time-machine pilot Stanley Fisher, who tells her that she can deliberately access visions of other time periods. Wyatt conceals the information about Jessica's brother Kevin, even after Agent Christopher informs him that Rittenhouse has surveilled Jessica all her life. Jessica takes Jiya hostage with Wyatt's gun and absconds with her and the Lifeboat.
2610"Chinatown"Greg BeemanTom Smuts & Nancy BairdMay 13, 2018 (2018-05-13)2102.43[36]
Jiya kills her Rittenhouse guard and flees in the Lifeboat. Sedated, and with the vessel damaged by Emma's gunfire, Jiya fails to land the Lifeboat in the bunker. Lucy discovers a photograph of Jiya in Chinatown, San Francisco, dated 1888. Jiya's message in Klingon provides the Lifeboat's location and an exhortation not to come for her. Lucy, Wyatt, Rufus, and Flynn nevertheless travel to 1888. When Carol prevents Emma from killing Lucy, Emma kills Carol and Nicholas, taking on Jessica as her new partner. A dying Carol tells Lucy she regrets taking Amy from her, and not raising Lucy to believe in Rittenhouse. Jessica tells Wyatt that she was raised by Rittenhouse and really is carrying his child. Jiya has lived and worked in a bar since 1885, and has identified it as the location of Rufus's death. She has mastered her visions and saves Rufus from Emma's henchman, but Emma shoots and kills him. Jessica and Emma escape. In the present, Jiya and Wyatt blame themselves for Rufus's death. Wyatt tells Lucy he loves her. An upgraded Lifeboat arrives. Battle-hardened future versions of Wyatt and Lucy emerge, inviting the team to save Rufus.

text: Release[edit]

text: Season 1 aired on NBC in the U.S. and on Global in Canada on Monday nights at 10 p.m. Eastern and Pacific (9 p.m. Central). Season 2 aired on NBC and Global on Sunday nights at 10 p.m. EST/PST. (9 p.m. CST). Episodes can also be streamed online through NBC and Global's respective websites, as well as on Netflix in some countries.[37] Starting from December 14, 2016, it aired in the UK on E4 every Wednesday at 9:00 p.m. UK time.[38] The series also aired in Japan on AXN.[39]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The first season of Timeless received generally positive reviews from television critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the first season an approval rating of 82%, with an average rating of 6.39 out of 10 based on reviews by 39 critics. The site's critical consensus states, "Timeless is a fun throwback action series with a kooky premise worth watching, even if it is delivered clumsily at times."[40] The second season has fared significantly better, receiving a 100% rating, with an average rating of 8.43 based on ten reviews.[41] Metacritic, which uses a normalized rating, gave the first season a score of 65 out of 100, based on reviews from 29 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[42]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating/share(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"Pilot"

October 3, 2016
1.8/7
7.60[12]
1.2
4.43
3.0
12.03[43]

2

"The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln"

October 10, 2016
1.4/5
6.20[13]
1.1
4.07
2.5
10.27[44]

3

"Atomic City"

October 17, 2016
1.5/5
5.86[14]
1.1
3.84
2.6
9.70[45]

4

"Party at Castle Varlar"

October 24, 2016
1.3/5
5.47[15]
1.1
3.64
2.4
9.11[46]

5

"The Alamo"

October 31, 2016
1.1/4
5.24[16]
1.1
3.58
2.2
8.81[47]

6

"The Watergate Tape"

November 14, 2016
1.2/4
4.53[17]
1.0
4.53
2.2
8.11[48]

7

"Stranded"

November 21, 2016
1.2/4
4.71[18]
0.9
3.23
2.1
7.94[49]

8

"Space Race"

November 28, 2016
1.1/4
4.78[19]
0.9
3.40
2.0
8.18[50]

9

"Last Ride of Bonnie & Clyde"

December 5, 2016
1.2/4
5.08[20]
0.8
2.89
2.0
7.97[51]

10

"The Capture of Benedict Arnold"

December 12, 2016
1.0/4
4.81[21]
0.9
3.11
1.9
7.92[52]

11

"The World's Columbian Exposition"

January 16, 2017
0.9/3
3.45[22]
1.0
3.24
1.9
6.69[53]

12

"The Murder of Jesse James"

January 23, 2017
0.9/3
3.46[23]
0.9
3.22
1.8
6.68[54]

13

"Karma Chameleon"

January 30, 2017
0.9/3
3.51[24]
0.8
2.87
1.7
6.38[55]

14

"The Lost Generation"

February 6, 2017
0.6/2
2.92[25]
1.0
3.13
1.6
6.06[56]

15

"Public Enemy No. 1"

February 13, 2017
0.7/3
2.99[26]
0.8
2.94
1.5
5.93[57]

16

"The Red Scare"

February 20, 2017
0.9/3
3.37[27]
0.8
2.75
1.7
6.12[58]

text: Season 2 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating/share(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"The War to End All Wars"

March 11, 2018
0.8/3
2.97[28]
0.6
2.40
1.4
5.41[59]

2

"The Darlington 500"

March 18, 2018
0.7/3
2.85[29]
0.6
2.46
1.3
5.31[60]

3

"Hollywoodland"

March 25, 2018
0.6/2
2.56[30]
0.6
2.13
1.2
4.70[61]

4

"The Salem Witch Hunt"

April 8, 2018
0.6/2
2.47[31]
0.6
2.22
1.2
4.69[62]

5

"The Kennedy Curse"

April 15, 2018
0.5/2
2.47[32]
0.6
2.07
1.1
4.55[63]

6

"The King of the Delta Blues"

April 22, 2018
0.5/2
2.31[33]
0.6
2.08
1.1
4.39[64]

7

"Mrs. Sherlock Holmes"

April 29, 2018
0.6/3
2.52[34]
0.5
2.07
1.1
4.59[65]

8

"The Day Reagan Was Shot"

May 6, 2018
0.5/2
2.23[35]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

9

"The General"

May 13, 2018
0.6/3
2.41[36]
0.5
1.74
1.1
4.17[66]

10

"Chinatown"

May 13, 2018
0.6/3
2.41[36]
0.5
1.74
1.1
4.17[66]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee(s)

Result

Ref.

2017

People's Choice Awards

Favorite New TV Drama

Timeless

Nominated

[67]

Rockie Awards

Sci-Fi, Fantasy and Action

Timeless

Won

[68]

Saturn Awards

Best Science Fiction Television Series

Timeless

Nominated

[69]

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Breakout TV Show

Timeless

Nominated

[70]

Choice Hissy Fit

Malcolm Barrett

Nominated

Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress

Abigail Spencer

Nominated

Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Show

Timeless

Nominated

text: Home media[edit]

text:
DVD Name

Ep #

Release Date

Timeless – Season 1

16

September 19, 2017

Timeless – Season 2

10

September 4, 2018


document_title: You're My Everything (1931 song)

question_text: who wrote the song you're my everything

question_tokens: who wrote the song you 're my everything

root

text: You're My Everything (1931 song)

text:
"You're My Everything"

Song

Published
1931

Composer(s)
Harry Warren

Lyricist(s)
Mort Dixon, Joe Young

tag: table

text: "You're My Everything"' is a 1931 song with music by Harry Warren and lyrics by Mort Dixon and Joe Young.[1] The song was written for the revue The Laugh Parade starring Ed Wynn which opened in New York City on November 2, 1931. The song was sung by Jeanne Aubert and Lawrence Gray.[2]

tag: p

text: Versions[edit]

text:
Billy Eckstine and his Orchestra
Max Bygraves, chart single 1969
Connie Francis
Carmen Cavallaro
Francis Scott (musician) And His Orchestra
Gisele MacKenzie
Gayle Larson
Jerry Colonna
Joni James
Miles Davis Quintet
Jerry Carretta

tag: ul

text: The song also appears on the following albums:

text:
Hub-Tones by trumpeter Freddie Hubbard recorded on October 10, 1962
Hopeless Romantics by American vocalist Michael Feinstein accompanied by pianist George Shearing, recorded in 2002
Trilogy (Chick Corea album)
soundtrack of Painting the Clouds with Sunshine (film) 1951, directed by David Butler and starring Dennis Morgan and Virginia Mayo
Structurally Sound by American jazz saxophonist Booker Ervin recorded in 1967
I Don't Want to Be Hurt Anymore a 1964 studio album by Nat King Cole
Love Songs (Nat King Cole album)
The Legendary Prestige Quintet Sessions by the Miles Davis Quintet
Sarah Vaughan Sings Broadway: Great Songs from Hit Shows
Jazz Is a Kick by jazz trombonist and arranger Bob Brookmeyer recorded in 1960
The Awakening (Ahmad Jamal album)
Stompin' by organist Shirley Scott recorded in 1961
Play It Now by saxophonist Al Cohn which was recorded in 1975
Jazz Time by Red Nichols and his Five Pennies in 1950
A Harry Warren Showcase by pianist Kenny Drew recorded in 1957
Let There Be Love (1993 Joni James album)
No Amps Allowed - Howard Alden/Jack Lesberg CD Chiaroscuro Records 1988


document_title: Terracotta Army

question_text: who ordered the terracotta army to be built

text: Terracotta Army

text: History

text: The construction of the tomb was described by historian Sima Qian (145–90 BCE) in his most noted work Shiji, written a century after the mausoleum's completion. Work on the mausoleum began in 246 BCE soon after Emperor Qin (then aged 13) ascended the throne, and the project eventually involved 700,000 workers.[3] Geographer Li Daoyuan, writing six centuries after the First Emperor's death, recorded in Shui Jing Zhu that Mount Li was a favoured location due to its auspicious geology, "famed for its jade mines, its northern side was rich in gold, and its southern side rich in beautiful jade; the First Emperor, covetous of its fine reputation, therefore chose to be buried there".[4][5] Sima Qian wrote that the First Emperor was buried with palaces, towers, officials, valuable artifacts and wondrous objects. According to this account, 100 flowing rivers were simulated using mercury, and above them the ceiling was decorated with heavenly bodies below which were the features of the land. Some translations of this passage refer to "models" or "imitations"; however, those words were not used in the original text, which makes no mention of the terracotta army.[3][6] High levels of mercury were found in the soil of the tomb mound, giving credence to Sima Qian's account.[7] Later historical accounts suggested that the tomb had been looted by Xiang Yu, a contender for the throne after the death of the first emperor.[8][9][10] However, there are indications that the tomb may not have been plundered.[11]

text: Discovery

text: The Terracotta Army was discovered on 29 March 1974[12] by farmers digging a water well approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the Qin Emperor's tomb mound at Mount Li (Lishan),[13][14] a region riddled with underground springs and watercourses. For centuries, occasional reports mentioned pieces of terracotta figures and fragments of the Qin necropolis – roofing tiles, bricks and chunks of masonry.[15] This discovery prompted Chinese archaeologists including Zhao Kangmin to investigate,[16] revealing the largest pottery figurine group ever found in China. A museum complex has since been constructed over the area, with the largest pit enclosed within with a large structure.[17]

text: Necropolis

text: The Terracotta Army is part of a much larger necropolis. Ground-penetrating radar and core sampling have measured the area to be approximately 98 square kilometers (38 square miles).[18]

text: The necropolis was constructed as a microcosm of the emperor's imperial palace or compound, and covers a large area around the tomb mound of the first emperor. The earthen tomb mound is located at the foot of Mount Li and built in a pyramidal shape,[19] and is surrounded by two solidly built rammed earth walls with gateway entrances. The necropolis consists of several offices, halls, stables, other structures as well as an imperial park placed around the tomb mound.

text: The warriors stand guard to the east of the tomb. Up to 5 metres (16 ft) of reddish, sandy soil had accumulated over the site in the two millennia following its construction, but archaeologists found evidence of earlier disturbances at the site. During the excavations near the Mount Li burial mound, archaeologists found several graves dating from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, where diggers had apparently struck terracotta fragments. These were discarded as worthless and used along with soil to back fill the excavations.[20]

text: Tomb

text: The tomb appears to be a hermetically sealed space roughly the size of a football pitch (c. 100 × 75 m).[21][22] The tomb remains unopened, possibly due to concerns over preservation of its artifacts.[21] For example, after the excavation of the Terracotta Army, the painted surface present on some terracotta figures began to flake and fade.[23] The lacquer covering the paint can curl in fifteen seconds once exposed to Xi'an's dry air and can flake off in just four minutes.[24]

text: Excavation site

text: Pits

text: Four main pits approximately 7 metres (23 ft) deep have been excavated.[25][26] These are located approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the burial mound. The soldiers within were laid out as if to protect the tomb from the east, where the Qin Emperor's conquered states lay.

text: Pit 1

text: Pit 1, which is 230 metres (750 ft) long and 62 metres (203 ft) wide,[27] contains the main army of more than 6,000 figures.[28] Pit 1 has eleven corridors, most more than 3 metres (10 ft) wide and paved with small bricks with a wooden ceiling supported by large beams and posts. This design was also used for the tombs of nobles and would have resembled palace hallways when built. The wooden ceilings were covered with reed mats and layers of clay for waterproofing, and then mounded with more soil raising them about 2 to 3 metres (6 ft 7 in to 9 ft 10 in) above the surrounding ground level when completed.[29]

text: Others

text: Pit 2 has cavalry and infantry units as well as war chariots and is thought to represent a military guard. Pit 3 is the command post, with high-ranking officers and a war chariot. Pit 4 is empty, perhaps left unfinished by its builders.

text: Some of the figures in Pits 1 and 2 show fire damage, while remains of burnt ceiling rafters have also been found.[30] These, together with the missing weapons, have been taken as evidence of the reported looting by Xiang Yu and the subsequent burning of the site, which is thought to have caused the roof to collapse and crush the army figures below. The terracotta figures currently on display have been restored from the fragments.

text: Other pits that formed the necropolis also have been excavated.[31] These pits lie within and outside the walls surrounding the tomb mound. They variously contain bronze carriages, terracotta figures of entertainers such as acrobats and strongmen, officials, stone armour suits, burials sites of horses, rare animals and labourers, as well as bronze cranes and ducks set in an underground park.[32]

text: Warrior figures

text: Types and appearance

text: The terracotta figures are life-sized. They vary in height, uniform, and hairstyle in accordance with rank. Their faces appear to be different for each individual figure; scholars, however, have identified 10 basic face shapes.[33] The figures are of these general types: armored warriors; unarmored infantrymen; cavalrymen who wear a pillbox hat; helmeted drivers of chariots with more armor protection; spear-carrying charioteers; kneeling archers who are armored; standing archers who are not; as well as generals and other lower-ranking officers.[34] There are, however, many variations in the uniforms within the ranks: for example, some may wear shin pads while others not; they may wear either long or short trousers, some of which may be padded; and their body armors vary depending on rank, function, and position in formation.[35] There are also terracotta horses placed among the warrior figures.

text: Originally, the figures were painted with bright pigments, variously coloured pink, red, green, blue, black, brown, white and lilac.[36][37] The coloured lacquer finish and individual facial features would have given the figures a realistic feel. However, much of the colour coating had flaked off or become greatly faded.

text: Some scholars have speculated a possible Hellenistic link to these sculptures, because of the lack of life-sized and realistic sculptures before the Qin dynasty.[38][39] They argued that potential Greek influence is particularly evident in some terracotta figures such as those of acrobats, as well as the technique used for casting bronze sculptures.[40][41] However, this idea is disputed by scholars and it has been pointed out that there is "no substantial evidence at all" for contact between ancient Greeks and Chinese builders of the tomb.[42] It is argued that such speculations in its core rest on flawed and old "Eurocentric" ideas that assumed other civilizations were incapable of sophisticated artistry and thus foreign artistry must be seen through western traditions.[42]

text: Construction

text: The terracotta army figures were manufactured in workshops by government laborers and local craftsmen using local materials. Heads, arms, legs, and torsos were created separately and then assembled by luting the pieces together. When completed, the terracotta figures were placed in the pits in precise military formation according to rank and duty.[43]

text: The faces were created using molds, and at least ten face molds may have been used.[33] Clay was then added after assembly to provide individual facial features to make each figure appear different.[44] It is believed that the warriors' legs were made in much the same way that terracotta drainage pipes were manufactured at the time. This would classify the process as assembly line production, with specific parts manufactured and assembled after being fired, as opposed to crafting one solid piece and subsequently firing it. In those times of tight imperial control, each workshop was required to inscribe its name on items produced to ensure quality control. This has aided modern historians in verifying which workshops were commandeered to make tiles and other mundane items for the terracotta army.

text: Weaponry

text: Most of the figures originally held real weapons such as spears, swords, or crossbows, and the use of actual weapons would have increased the figures' realism. Most of the original weapons were looted shortly after the creation of the army, or have rotted away. Nevertheless, many weapons such as swords, spears, lances, battle-axes, scimitars, shields, crossbows, and arrowheads have been found in the pits.[25][45] Over 40,000 bronze items of weaponry have been recovered from the pits, most of them arrowheads which are usually found in bundles of 100 units.[46] Studies of these arrowheads suggests that they were produced in small units of self-sufficient, autonomous workshops that produced finished items in a production process referred to as cellular production or Toyotism.[47] There are also hundreds of crossbow triggers, and smaller numbers of other weapons such as bronze swords, and daggers.[48]

text: Some of these weapons, such as the swords, are sharp and were coated with a 10–15 micrometer layer of chromium dioxide that kept the swords rust-free for 2,000 years.[49][50] The swords contain an alloy of copper, tin, and other elements including nickel, magnesium, and cobalt.[51] Some carry inscriptions that date their manufacture to between 245 and 228 BCE, indicating that they were used as weapons before their burials.[52]

text: An important element of the army is the chariot, of which four types have been found. In battle the fighting chariots formed pairs at the head of a unit of infantry. The principal weapon of the charioteers was the ge or dagger-axe, an L-shaped bronze blade mounted on a long shaft and used for sweeping and hooking at the enemy. Infantrymen also carried ge on shorter shafts, ji or halberds and spears and lances. For close fighting and defence, both charioteers and infantrymen carried double-edged straight swords. The archers carried crossbows, which have sophisticated trigger mechanisms and are capable of shooting arrows farther than 800 metres (2,600 ft).[52]

text: Scientific research

text: In 2007, scientists at Stanford University and the Advanced Light Source facility in Berkeley, California reported that powder diffraction experiments combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and micro-X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that the process of producing terracotta figures colored with Chinese purple dye consisting of barium copper silicate was derived from the knowledge gained by Taoist alchemists in their attempts to synthesize jade ornaments.[53][54]

text: Since 2006, an international team of researchers at the UCL Institute of Archaeology have been using analytical chemistry techniques to uncover more details about the production techniques employed in the creation of the Terracotta Army. Using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of 40,000 bronze arrowheads bundled in groups of 100, the researchers reported that the arrowheads within a single bundle formed a relatively tight cluster that was different from other bundles. In addition, the presence or absence of metal impurities was consistent within bundles. Based on the arrows’ chemical compositions, the researchers concluded that a cellular manufacturing system similar to the one used in a modern Toyota factory, as opposed to a continuous assembly line in the early days of the automobile industry, was employed.[55][56]

text: Grinding and polishing marks visible under a scanning electron microscope provide evidence for the earliest industrial use of lathes for polishing.[55]

text: Exhibitions

text: A collection of 120 objects from the mausoleum and 12 terracotta warriors were displayed at the British Museum in London as its special exhibition "The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army" from 13 September 2007 to April 2008.[57] This exhibition made 2008 the British Museum's most successful year and made the British Museum the United Kingdom's top cultural attraction between 2007 and 2008.[58][59] The exhibition brought the most visitors to the museum since the King Tutankhamun exhibition in 1972.[58] It was reported that the 400,000 advance tickets sold out so fast that the museum extended its opening hours until midnight.[60] According to The Times, many people had to be turned away, despite the extended hours.[61] During the day of events to mark the Chinese New Year, the crush was so intense that the gates to the museum had to be shut.[61] The Terracotta Army has been described as the only other set of historic artifacts (along with the remnants of wreck of the RMS Titanic) that can draw a crowd by the name alone.[60]

text: Warriors and other artifacts were exhibited to the public at the Forum de Barcelona in Barcelona between 9 May and 26 September 2004. It was their most successful exhibition ever.[62] The same exhibition was presented at the Fundación Canal de Isabel II in Madrid between October 2004 and January 2005, their most successful ever.[63] From December 2009 to May 2010, the exhibition was shown in the Centro Cultural La Moneda in Santiago de Chile.[64]

text: The exhibition traveled to North America and visited museums such as the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco, Bowers Museum in Santa Ana, California, Houston Museum of Natural Science, High Museum of Art in Atlanta,[65] National Geographic Society Museum in Washington, D.C. and the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto.[66] Subsequently, the exhibition traveled to Sweden and was hosted in the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities between 28 August 2010 and 20 January 2011.[67][68] An exhibition entitled 'The First Emperor – China's Entombed Warriors', presenting 120 artifacts was hosted at the Art Gallery of New South Wales, between 2 December 2010 and 13 March 2011.[69] An exhibition entitled "L'Empereur guerrier de Chine et son armée de terre cuite" ("The Warrior-Emperor of China and his terracotta army"), featuring artifacts including statues from the mausoleum, was hosted by the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts from 11 February 2011 to 26 June 2011.[70] In Italy, from July 2008 to 16 November 2008, five of the warriors of the terracotta army were displayed in Turin at the Museum of Antiquities,[71] and from 16 April 2010 to 5 September 2010 were exposed nine warriors in Milan, at the Royal Palace, at the exhibition entitled "The Two Empires".[72] The group consisted of a horse, a counselor, an archer and 6 Lancers. The "Treasures of Ancient China" exhibition, showcasing two terracotta soldiers and other artifacts, including the Longmen Grottoes Buddhist statues, was held between 19 February 2011 and 7 November 2011 in four locations in India: National Museum of New Delhi, Prince of Wales Museum in Mumbai, Salar Jung Museum in Hyderabad and National Library of India in Kolkata.[citation needed]

text: Soldiers and related items were on display from 15 March 2013 to 17 November 2013, at the Historical Museum of Bern.[73]

text: Several Terracotta Army figures were on display, along with many other objects, in an exhibit entitled "Age of Empires: Chinese Art of the Qin and Han Dynasties" at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City from 3 April 2017, to 16 July 2017.[74][75][76] An exhibition featuring ten Terracotta Army figures and other artifacts, "Terracotta Warriors of the First Emperor," was on display at the Pacific Science Center in Seattle, Washington, from 8 April 2017 to 4 September 2017[77][78] before traveling to The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to be exhibited from 30 September 2017 to 4 March 2018 with the addition of augmented reality.[79][80]

text: An exhibition entitled "China's First Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors" is at the World Museum in Liverpool from 9 February 2018 to 28 October 2018.[81] This is the first time in more than 10 years that the warriors have travelled to the UK.

text: Gallery

text:
A rank of soldiers

Close-up on the head of an archer

The face of each soldier differs and is constructed to be unique.

A cavalryman and his mount

Ranks of terracotta infantrymen

The Terracotta Warriors were once painted. Today only a handful of statues contain small amounts of paint. Also notice the detail put into the soles of the warrior's shoes.

Bronze chariot for the emperor

Terracotta horse and two soldiers

Close-up of an archer's head showing hair details and accessories

Close-up on a cavalry man.

Pigments used on the Terracotta Warriors

Original coloring on the warriors

Original coloring on the warriors