document_title: Justice League (film)

question_text: who is steppenwolf in the justice league movie

text: Justice League (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Thousands of years ago, Steppenwolf and his legions of Parademons attempted to take over Earth with the combined energies of three Mother Boxes. They were foiled by a unified army that includes the Olympian Gods, Amazons, Atlanteans, mankind and a Green Lantern. After repelling Steppenwolf's army, the Mother Boxes were separated and hidden in locations on the planet. In the present, mankind is in mourning over Superman, whose death triggers the Mother Boxes to reactivate and Steppenwolf's return to Earth. In an effort to regain favor with his master, Darkseid, Steppenwolf aims to gather the boxes to form "The Unity", which will destroy Earth's ecology and terraform it in the image of Steppenwolf's homeworld.

text: Steppenwolf retrieves the Mother Box from Themyscira, prompting Queen Hippolyta to warn  her daughter Diana of Steppenwolf's return. Diana joins Bruce Wayne in his attempt to unite other metahumans to their cause, with Wayne going after Arthur Curry and Barry Allen, while Diana tries to locate Victor Stone. Wayne fails to persuade Curry, but manages to recruit an enthusiastic Allen onto the team. Although Diana fails to convince Stone to join, he agrees to help them locate the threat if he discovers their location. Stone later joins the team after his father Silas and several other S.T.A.R. Labs employees are kidnapped by Steppenwolf seeking to acquire the Mother Box from mankind.

text: Steppenwolf attacks Atlantis to retrieve the next Mother Box, forcing Curry into action. The team receives intel from Commissioner James Gordon leading them to Steppenwolf's army, based in an abandoned facility under Gotham Harbor. Although the group manages to rescue the kidnapped employees, the facility is flooded during combat, which traps the team until Curry helps delay the flood so they can escape. Stone retrieves the last Mother Box, which he had hidden, for the group to analyze. Stone reveals that his father used the Mother Box to rebuild Stone's body after an accident almost cost him his life. Wayne decides to use the Mother Box to resurrect Superman, not only to help them fight off Steppenwolf's invasion, but also to restore hope to mankind. Diana and Curry are hesitant about the idea, but Wayne forms a secret contingency plan in case Superman returns as hostile.

text: Clark Kent's body is exhumed and placed in the amniotic fluid of the genesis chamber of the Kryptonian ship alongside the Mother Box, which in turn activates and successfully resurrects Superman. However, Superman's memories have not returned, and he attacks the group after Stone accidentally launches a projectile at him. On the verge of being killed by Superman, Batman enacts his contingency plan: Lois Lane. Superman calms down and leaves with Lane to his family home in Smallville, where he reflects and his memories slowly come back. In the turmoil, the last Mother Box is left unguarded and Steppenwolf retrieves it with ease. Without Superman to aid them, the five heroes travel to a village in Russia where Steppenwolf aims to unite the Mother Boxes once again to remake Earth. The team fights their way through the Parademons to reach Steppenwolf, although they are unable to distract him enough for Stone to separate the Mother boxes. Superman arrives and assists Allen in evacuating the city, as well as Stone in separating the Mother Boxes. The team defeats Steppenwolf, who, overcome with fear, is attacked by his own Parademons before they all teleport away.

text: After the battle, Bruce and Diana agree to set up a base of operations for the team, with room for more members. Diana steps back into the public spotlight as a hero; Barry acquires a job in Central City's police department, impressing his father; Victor continues to explore and enhance his abilities with his father in S.T.A.R. Labs; Arthur returns to Atlantis; and Superman resumes his life as reporter Clark Kent. In a post-credits scene, Lex Luthor escapes from Arkham Asylum and then recruits Slade Wilson to form their own league.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman: A wealthy  socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons. Affleck noted on how the film gave him an opportunity to reinvent Batman and portray a more classic take on the character. He described that in the film, audiences will see Batman as more heroic, and more of a leader. "Batman is by nature, [while] not necessarily anti-social, pretty private, pretty a loner," Affleck says. "And then in this movie he’s thrust into the role of having to not only work with people, but bring them together and convince them to come in and try to… somehow with Wonder Woman hold all that community effort together. That was a really interesting thing to play for me, and it also does take us to a more traditional role for Batman in the Justice League comics, and his role with the Justice League versus the sort of less typical version we saw in Batman v Superman, where he was blinded by rage and wanted to take on Superman."[10][11]
Henry Cavill as Clark Kent / Superman: A member of, and inspiration for, the Justice League. He is a Kryptonian survivor, and a journalist for the Daily Planet based in Metropolis. In Justice League, Superman was portrayed as more optimistic and hopeful. The character was intentionally excluded from all Justice League marketing materials to emphasize his death as depicted on Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[12]
Amy Adams as Lois Lane: An undaunted and compassionate award-winning journalist for the Daily Planet and the love interest for Kent.[13] Adams confirmed that she would reprise her role as Lois Lane in Justice League and its untitled sequel.[14][15]
Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman: An antiquities dealer, acquaintance of Wayne, and an immortal Amazonian warrior, who is the crown princess of Themyscira and daughter of Hippolyta and Zeus. She is endowed with metahuman attributes and abilities inherited from her parents.
Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / The Flash: A Central City University student, who can move at superhuman speeds with his ability to tap into the Speed Force.
Jason Momoa as Arthur Curry / Aquaman: The heir to the throne of the undersea nation of Atlantis.[16] His metahuman aquatic abilities and  physical attributes originate from his Atlantean physiology. Momoa was cast as Aquaman in October 2014, and made a cameo role in Batman v. Superman: Dawn of Justice.[17][18] Momoa stated that the Justice League film would be released first, before the release of the solo Aquaman film, which may be about the hero's origin story.[19]
Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg: A former college athlete who, after being cybernetically reconstructed after a nearly fatal car accident, is turned into a techno-organic being enhanced by reactive, adaptive biomimetic alien technology. His enhancements include the abilities of flight, variable weaponry and technopathy. Fisher portrays the character through the use of motion capture for the cybernetic portion of his body.[20] Fisher was cast as Cyborg in April 2014, and made a cameo in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[21][22]
Jeremy Irons as Alfred Pennyworth: Wayne's butler, chief of security, and trusted confidant.[23]
Diane Lane as Martha Kent: Kent's adoptive mother.[13][24][25]
Connie Nielsen as Hippolyta: Diana's mother and Queen of the Amazons.[13]
J. K. Simmons as James Gordon: The Commissioner of the Gotham City Police Department, and close ally of Batman.[13]
Ciarán Hinds as the voice of Steppenwolf: An alien military officer from Apokolips who leads an army of Parademons and is searching for the three Mother Boxes held on Earth. The character is described as "old, tired" and trying to find a way to escape his role of servitude under Darkseid.[26] Hinds portrayed the villain through use of motion capture and received some advice in the process from Liam Neeson, who had recently done similar work in A Monster Calls.[27] After the release of the film, Hinds was reportedly unhappy with the final cut of the  film, which trimmed down the backstory and characterization of Steppenwolf.[28]

text: The Olympian Old Gods Zeus, Ares and Artemis are portrayed by fitness model Sergi Constance, stuntman Nick McKinless, and MMA fighter Aurore Lauzeral, respectively.[29][30] All three were required to reach a specific degree of physicality, with Snyder instructing McKinless to sport "veins like worms and paper thin skin". In the finished film, McKinless' face was replaced with David Thewlis's face, and Thewlis received the credit as Ares.[29] Robin Wright reprises her role as Antiope during a flashback sequence. Amber Heard portrays the Atlantean Mera.[31][32][13] During a scene depicting Steppenwolf's first invasion of Earth, Julian Lewis Jones appears as an ancient king of men, while Francis Magee portrays an ancient king of Atlantis.[33][34] Joe Morton reprises his role as Silas Stone, Victor Stone's father and S.T.A.R. Labs' head while Billy Crudup appears, uncredited, as Henry Allen, Barry Allen's father. Joe Manganiello and Jesse Eisenberg appear uncredited in a post-credits scene as Slade Wilson / Deathstroke and Lex Luthor, respectively.[35][36][37] Michael McElhatton appears as the leader of a group of terrorists who clash with Wonder Woman early in the film,[38] while Holt McCallany makes an uncredited appearance as a burglar.[39] Marc McClure, who portrayed Jimmy Olsen in the Christopher Reeve Superman film series, has a cameo as a police officer.[40] An unidentified Green Lantern appears at the beginning of the film, created by use of CGI and embodied by an uncredited actor. Willem Dafoe and Kiersey Clemons filmed scenes as Nuidis Vulko and Iris West, although their roles were cut from the final film. Both actors are signed for multiple films and set to appear in the future installments of the franchise.[41][42] Dafoe is set to appear in Aquaman and it was reported in November 2017 that the studio wanted to recast Clemons in a different role. Laurence Fishburne, who portrays Perry White in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU), said he declined to reprise his role in the film due to scheduling conflicts.[43]

text: Early in production, a scene depicting Green Lanterns Kilowog and Tomar-Re visiting Batman was filmed as another post-credits scene, further teasing the upcoming Green Lantern Corps, but the scene was later scrapped.[44] In March 2016, producer Charles Roven said that Green Lantern would not appear in any film before Justice League Part Two, and stated that they "could put Green Lantern in some introduction in Justice League 2, or barring that, a movie after."[45]

text: Production[edit]

text: Background[edit]

text:
"We're going to make a Justice League movie, whether it's now or 10 years from now. But we're not going to do it and Warners is not going to do it until we know it's right."
—Producer Gregory Noveck, on whether Warner Bros. is going to do a Justice League film, 2008.[46]

tag: div

text: In February 2007, it was announced that Warner Bros. had hired husband and wife duo Michele and Kieran Mulroney to write a script for a Justice League film.[47] The news came around the same time that Joss Whedon's long-developed Wonder Woman film was cancelled,[48] as well as The Flash, written and directed by David S. Goyer.[49] Reportedly titled Justice League: Mortal,[50] the script by Michele and Kiernan Mulroney was submitted to Warner Bros. in June 2007, receiving positive feedback,[51] which prompted the studio to immediately fast track production in the hope of beginning filming before the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.[52] Warner Bros. was less willing to proceed with development of a sequel to Superman Returns, having been disappointed with its box office. Brandon Routh was not approached to reprise the role of Superman in Justice League: Mortal,[53] nor was Christian Bale from Batman Begins.[54] Warner Bros. intended for Justice League: Mortal to be the start of a new film franchise, and to branch out into separate sequels and spin-offs.[55] Shortly after filming The Dark Knight,[56] Bale stated in an interview that "It'd be better if it doesn't tread on the toes of what our Batman series is doing," and felt it would make more sense for Warner Bros. to release the film after The Dark Knight Rises.[54] Jason Reitman was the original choice to direct Justice League, but he turned it down, as he considers himself an independent filmmaker and prefers to stay out of big budget superhero films.[57] George Miller signed to direct in September 2007,[52] with Barrie Osbourne producing[58] on a projected $220 million budget.[59]

text: The following month, roughly 40 actors and actresses auditioned for the ensemble superhero roles, among them Joseph Cross, Michael Angarano, Max Thieriot, Minka Kelly, Adrianne Palicki and Scott Porter. Miller had intended to cast younger actors, as he wanted them to "grow" into their roles over the course of several films.[56] D. J. Cotrona was cast as Superman,[55] along with Armie Hammer as Batman.[60] Jessica Biel reportedly declined to play Wonder Woman role after negotiations.[61] The character was also linked to actresses Teresa Palmer and Shannyn Sossamon, along with Mary Elizabeth Winstead, who confirmed that she had auditioned.[62] Ultimately, Megan Gale was cast as Wonder Woman,[63] while Palmer was cast as Talia al Ghul, whom Miller had in mind to act with a Russian accent.[64] The script for Justice League: Mortal would have featured John Stewart as Green Lantern, a role originally offered to Columbus Short.[65] Hip hop recording artist and rapper Common was cast,[66] with Adam Brody as Barry Allen / Flash,[67] and Jay Baruchel as the lead villain, Maxwell Lord.[68] Longtime Miller collaborator Hugh Keays-Byrne had been cast in an unnamed role, rumored to be Martian Manhunter. Santiago Cabrera was eventually revealed to be Aquaman after the film was cancelled.[69] Marit Allen was hired as the original costume designer before her untimely death in November 2007,[70] and the responsibilities were assumed by Weta Workshop.[71]

text: However, the writers strike began that same month and placed the film on hold. Warner Bros. had to let the options lapse for the cast,[72] but development was fast tracked once more in February 2008 when the strike ended. Warner Bros. and Miller wanted to start filming immediately,[73] but production was pushed back three months.[55] Originally, the majority of Justice League: Mortal was to be shot at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney,[59] with other locations scouted nearby at local colleges,[58] and Sydney Heads doubling for Happy Harbor.[50] The Australian Film Commission had a say with casting choices, giving way for George Miller to cast Gale, Palmer and Keays-Bryne, all Australian natives. The production crew was composed entirely of Australians, but the Australian government denied Warner Bros. a 40 percent tax rebate as they felt they had not hired enough Australian actors.[59][74] Miller was frustrated, stating that "A once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for the Australian film industry is being frittered away because of very lazy thinking. They're throwing away hundreds of millions of dollars of investment that the rest of the world is competing for and, much more significantly, highly skilled creative jobs."[75] Production offices were then moved to Vancouver Film Studios in Canada. Filming was pushed back to July 2008, while Warner Bros was still confident they could produce the film for a summer 2009 release.[76][77]

text: With production delays continuing, and the success of The Dark Knight in July 2008,[78] Warner Bros. decided to focus on the development of individual films featuring the main heroes, allowing director Christopher Nolan to separately complete his Batman trilogy with The Dark Knight Rises in 2012. Warner Bros. relaunched development for a solo Green Lantern film, released in 2011 as a critical and financial disappointment. Meanwhile, film adaptations for The Flash and Wonder Woman continued to languish in development, while filming for a Superman reboot commenced in 2011 with Man of Steel, produced by Nolan and written by Batman screenwriter David S. Goyer. In October 2012, following its legal victory over Joe Shuster's estate for the rights to Superman, Warner Bros. announced that it planned to move ahead with the Justice League film.[79] Shortly after filming on Man of Steel was complete, Warner Bros hired Will Beall to write the script for a new Justice League film.[80] Warner Bros. president Jeff Robinov explained that Man of Steel would be "setting the tone for what the movies are going to be like going forward. In that, it's definitely a first step."[81] The film included references to the existence of other superheroes in the DC Universe,[82] and set the tone for a shared fictional universe of DC Comics characters on film.[83] Goyer stated that should Green Lantern appear in a future installment, it would be a rebooted version of the character, unconnected to the 2011 film.[84]

text: With the release of Man of Steel in June 2013, Goyer was hired to write a sequel, as well as a new Justice League, with the Beall draft being scrapped.[85] The sequel was later revealed to be Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, a team-up film featuring Henry Cavill as Superman, Ben Affleck as Batman, Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman, Ezra Miller as The Flash, Jason Momoa as Aquaman, and Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg, the latter three in minor roles that became more significant in the Justice League film. The universe is separate from Nolan and Goyer's work on The Dark Knight trilogy, although Nolan was still involved as an executive producer for Batman v Superman.[86] In April 2014, it was announced that Zack Snyder would also direct Goyer's Justice League script.[87] Warner Bros. was reportedly courting Chris Terrio to rewrite Justice League the following July, after having been impressed with his rewrite of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[88] On October 15, 2014, Warner Bros. announced the film would be released in two parts, with Part One on November 17, 2017, and Part Two on June 14, 2019. Snyder was set to direct both films.[24] In early July 2015, EW revealed that the script for Justice League Part One had been completed by Terrio.[89] Zack Snyder stated that the film would be inspired by the New Gods comic series by Jack Kirby.[90] Although Justice League was initially announced as a two-part film, with the second part set for release two years after the first, Snyder stated in June 2016 that they would be two distinct, separate films and not one film split into two parts, both being stand-alone stories.[91][92]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography commenced on April 11, 2016, with shooting taking place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden, as well as various locations around London and Scotland. Additional filming took place in Chicago, Illinois, Los Angeles, and Djúpavík, in the Westfjords[93] of Iceland.[94][95] Snyder's longtime cinematographer Larry Fong was replaced by Fabian Wagner due to scheduling conflicts.[95] Ben Affleck served as executive producer.[96] In May 2016, it was revealed that Geoff Johns and Jon Berg would produce the Justice League films, and would also be in charge of the DC Extended Universe, after the largely negative critical reception of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[97] The same month, Irons stated that the Justice League storyline would be more linear and simple, compared to the theatrical version of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[98] Johns confirmed on June 3, 2016 that the title of the film is Justice League,[99] and later stated that the film would be "hopeful and optimistic" in comparison to previous DC Extended Universe (DCEU) films.[100]

text: Justice League had a troubled production. During filming, it was reported that the rewrites by Geoff Johns caused issues with Chris Terrio and Warner Bros. executives. Warner Bros. was unsatisfied with how the film was shaping up under Snyder, because of the negative feedback that Batman v Superman received. It was reported that Warner Bros. held a footage summit for writers that include Joss Whedon, Wonder Woman writer Allan Heinberg, Seth Grahame-Smith, and Andrea Berloff. This caused numerous rewrites as Justice League was filming.[101][102][103] Whedon was eventually hired by Warner Bros. after Snyder stepped down for directorial duties during the post-production. Filming wrapped in October 2016.[104][105][106]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: In May 2017, Snyder stepped down from directorial duties during post-production of the film to properly deal with the death of his daughter, Autumn Snyder. Joss Whedon, whom Snyder had previously brought on to rewrite some additional scenes, took over to handle post-production duties in Snyder's place.[107] In July 2017, it was announced the film was undergoing two months of reshoots in London and Los Angeles, with Warner Bros. putting about $25 million into them, more than the typical $6–10 million additional filming costs,[108] which brought the budget of the film up to $300 million.[109] The reshoots coincided with Cavill's schedule for Mission: Impossible – Fallout, for which he had grown a moustache which he was contracted to keep while filming.[110] While Fallout director Christopher McQuarrie initially gave the producers of Justice League permission to have Cavill shave the mustache in exchange for the $3 million it would cost to shut down production on Fallout and then digitally fill the mustache in, executives from Paramount Pictures rejected the idea. Justice League's VFX team was then forced to used special effects to digitally remove the mustache in post-production.[111] Whedon received a screenwriting credit on the film alongside Chris Terrio,[112] while Snyder received sole director's credit.[113]

text: Warner Bros. CEO Kevin Tsujihara mandated the film to be under two hours.[109][114][115] The company also did not opt to delay of the film's release despite the fact that there had been numerous problems in post-production, so that the executives will receive their cash bonuses before the company's merger with AT&T.[116][117]  In February 2018, it was reported that Snyder was fired from directorial duties from Justice League, after his cut was deemed "unwatchable" according to Collider's Matt Goldberg. "I’d heard similar things from separate sources over the last year as well, I also heard that Snyder’s rough-cut of the movie was ‘unwatchable’ (a word that jumped out at me because it’s rare you hear two separate sources use exactly the same adjective). Of course, even if that’s true, there’s obviously more to the story since rough cuts can be fixed up with reshoots, rewrites, etc.", Goldberg wrote.[118][119] According to DC comic book artist Jim Lee, Snyder was not fired. Speaking at the Calgary Comic and Entertainment Expo, Lee stated "that he (Snyder) was not fired at all and that he stepped down from the production due to a family matter, as far as he knew."[120]

text: Music[edit]

text: In March 2016, Hans Zimmer, who co-composed the score for Man of Steel and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, stated that he had officially retired from the "superhero business".[121] Junkie XL, who wrote and composed the soundtrack of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice with Zimmer, was originally scoring the film.[122] In June 2017, Danny Elfman was announced to have controversially replaced Junkie XL.[123] Elfman had previously composed the films Batman and Batman Returns, and the theme music for Batman: The Animated Series. Elfman used the Batman theme music from the 1989 film Batman. The John Williams' Superman theme was used during "a dark, twisted moment" in the film,[124][125] the time when a resurrected Superman fights the Justice League. The film features a cover of Leonard Cohen's "Everybody Knows" performed by Sigrid, "Icky Thump" performed by the White Stripes, and a cover of the Beatles' "Come Together" performed by Gary Clark Jr. and Junkie XL.[126] WaterTower Music released the soundtrack album digitally on November 10, 2017, with a release of the physical format on December 8.[127]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film held its world premiere in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was theatrically released in North America and elsewhere around the world in standard, RealD 3D and IMAX on November 17, 2017.[128] Its Japan premiere took place on November 20, 2017 in Tokyo, with only Ezra Miller and Ray Fisher from the main cast attending. In the United States, the film opened to 4,051 theaters in its widest release. Justice League was shown in cinemas for 119 days (17 weeks).

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Superman was intentionally left out on all early Justice League marketing materials, including trailers, clips and posters, which actor Cavill commented as "ridiculous". Despite his character being hidden from promotional materials, Cavill still joined the rest of the cast on the film's press tour.[129][130] Clark Kent was revealed in a final trailer before the release of the film, but edited in a way that writers felt Lois Lane was dreaming about Clark.[131][132] Sponsorship and marketing partners of the film included AT&T,[133] Gillette,[134] Mercedes-Benz,[135] and  TCL.[136]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Justice League was released on digital download on February 13, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray Disc, Blu-ray 3D, 4K Ultra-HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018 in various international markets.[137] The Blu-ray features two deleted scenes titled Return of Superman.[138] As of  August 29, 2018[update], it has made $12.2 million in DVD sales and $36.4 million in Blu-ray sales, totalling an estimated of $48.6 million.[139]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Justice League grossed $229 million in the United States and Canada, and $428.9 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $657.9 million, against a production budget of $300 million.[4] It had a worldwide opening of $278.8 million, the 24th biggest of all-time.[140][141] Up against an estimated break-even point of as much as $750 million, Deadline Hollywood reported the film lost the studio an estimated $60 million.[142][143][144]

text: In the United States and Canada, industry tracking initially forecast the film debuting to $110–120 million from 4,051 theaters (including 400 IMAX screens).[145] It made $13 million from Thursday night previews, up from the $11 million made by Wonder Woman the previous June.[146] However, after making $38.8 million on its first day (including Thursday previews), weekend projections were lowered to $95 million. It ended up debuting to  $93.8 million, down 45% from Batman v Superman's opening of $166 million, and being the first film of the DCEU to open under $100 million. Deadline attributed the low figure to lukewarm audience reaction to the film and most of its predecessors, as well as poor critical reception, and film review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes not posting their aggregated score until the day before release, causing speculation and doubt from filmgoers.[147] In its second weekend, the film dropped 56% to $41.1 million, finishing second at the box office, behind newcomer Coco.[148] It was the second-best second weekend hold of the DCEU, behind Wonder Woman's 43%, but the lowest overall gross.[149] In its third week it again finished second behind Coco, grossing $16.7 million.[150] It made $9.7 million in its fourth week and $4.3 million in its fifth, finishing a respective second and fifth at the box office.[151][152]

text: Internationally, the film was projected to debut to $215–235 million for a worldwide opening of $325–355 million.[153] It made $8.5 million on its first day from nine countries, including South Korea, France and Brazil.[146] It ended up having a $185 million international debut from 65 countries, including $57.1 million from China, $9.8 million from the United Kingdom, $9.6 million from Mexico and $8.8 million from South Korea. The film broke a record in the Philippines with a debut of $1.12M (PHP 57.3M), making it the biggest industry opening day for a film there in 2017.[154] In Brazil, the film opened to $14.2 million, the biggest opening in the country's history.[140] Outside North America, the films largest markets were China ($106 million), Brazil ($41 million), Mexico ($24.8 million), and United Kingdom ($24 million).[155]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Justice League received mixed reviews. It was praised for its action sequences and acting (primarily by Gadot and Miller) but criticized for the screenplay, pacing and CGI, as well as its thin plot, and the underdeveloped villain.[156] On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 40%, based on 313 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Justice League leaps over a number of DC movies, but its single bound isn't enough to shed the murky aesthetic, thin characters, and chaotic action that continue to dog the franchise."[157] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 45 out of 100, based on 52 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[158] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 85% overall positive score (average 4 out of 5 stars) and a 69% "definite recommend".[147][159]

text: Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, praising the cast, especially Gadot, and saying "It's a putting-the-band-together origins movie, executed with great fun and energy."[160] Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review and wrote, "Justice League... has been conceived, in each and every frame, to correct the sins of Batman v Superman. It's not just a sequel—it's an act of franchise penance. The movie... is never messy or bombastic. It's light and clean and simple (at times almost too simple), with razory repartee and combat duels that make a point of not going on for too long."[161]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars, praising the cast but criticizing the action sequences and writing, saying: "The scenes of the League members together, bickering and bonding, spike the film with humor and genuine feeling, creating a rooting interest in the audience. Without it, the film would crumble."[162] Conversely, Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter, while praising Gadot and Miller, called the film visually ugly and boring, saying, "Fatigue, repetition and a laborious approach to exposition are the keynotes of this affair, which is also notable for how Ben Affleck, donning the bat suit for the second time, looks like he'd rather be almost anywhere else but here."[163]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Justice League was short-listed as a potential candidate for the 90th Academy Award for Best Visual Effects, along with another DC Extended Universe (DCEU) film, Wonder Woman.[164][165] However, both films didn't make it to the final list of nominations.

text:
Year

Award

Category

Recipient(s)

Result

Ref(s)

2017

Detroit Film Critics Society

Breakthrough Artist

Gal Gadot

Nominated

[166][167]

Golden Schmoes Awards

Biggest Disappointment of the Year

Justice League

Won

[168]

Golden Trailer Awards

Best Action Poster

Warner Bros., Works ADV

Nominated

[169]

San Diego Film Critics Society

Best Comedic Performance

Ezra Miller

Nominated

[170]

2018

BMI Film & TV Awards

BMI Film Music Award

Danny Elfman

Won

[166]

Golden Trailer Awards

Best Wildposts (Teaser Campaign)

Warner Bros., The Refinery

Nominated

[166]

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Movie Actor

Ben Affleck

Nominated

[171][172]

Favorite Movie Actress

Gal Gadot

Nominated

MovieGuide Awards

Best Film for Mature Audiences

Justice League

Nominated

[173]

Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Awards

Most Disappointing Film

Justice League

2nd place

[174]

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Action Movie

Justice League

Nominated

[175]

Choice Action Movie Actor

Henry Cavill

Nominated

Choice Action Movie Actress

Amy Adams

Nominated

Gal Gadot

Nominated

text: Future[edit]

text: A sequel was scheduled to be released in June 2019[24] but has since been delayed to accommodate the release for a standalone Batman film.[176] By March 2017, producer Charles Roven announced that Zack Snyder would return as director.[177] In October 2017, J. K. Simmons stated that the studio is working on the script of the sequel, alongside The Batman.[178] Shortly after the release of Justice League, Henry Cavill stated that he is under contract with Warner Bros. to play Superman for one more film.[179] In December 2017, it was reported that there were "no immediate plans" for Zack Snyder to direct a Justice League sequel, or any other DC films, with Snyder instead being relegated to an executive producer position. This comes after a reshuffling of film production staff at Warner Bros. due to the film's mediocre to negative critical reception and its disappointing financial performance.[180]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ In home release, RatPac-Dune Entertainment was replaced with Access Entertainment (RatPac's current owner), following the rape and sexual harassment allegations against RatPac-Dune's CEO, Brett Ratner.[1]


document_title: Abundance of elements in Earth's crust

question_text: what element is the most abundant in the earth's crust by weight

question_tokens: what element is the most abundant in the earth 's crust by weight

root

text: Abundance of elements in Earth's crust

text: The abundance of elements in Earth's crust is shown in tabulated form with the estimated crustal abundance for each chemical element shown as either percentage or parts per million (ppm) by mass (10,000 ppm = 1%).

tag: p

text:
Abundance of chemical elements in Earth's crust, from various sources

Rank
Z, element & symbol
Abundance in crust (ppm) by source
Annual production

Darling[1]
Barbalace[2]
WebElements[3]
Israel Science and Technology[4]
Jefferson Lab[5]
(2016, tonnes)[6]

1
8
oxygen
O
466,000
474,000
460,000
467,100
461,000

2
14
silicon [A]
Si
277,200
277,100
270,000
276,900
282,000
7,200,000

3
13
aluminium
Al
81,300
82,000
82,000
80,700
82,300
57,600,000

4
26
iron
Fe
50,000
41,000
63,000
50,500
56,300
1,150,000,000

5
20
calcium
Ca
36,300
41,000
50,000
36,500
41,500

6
11
sodium
Na
28,300
23,000
23,000
27,500
23,600
255,000,000

7
12
magnesium
Mg
20,900
23,000
29,000
20,800
23,300
1,010,000

8
19
potassium
K
25,900
21,000
15,000
25,800
20,900

9
22
titanium
Ti
4,400
5,600
6,600
6,200
5,600
6,600,000

10
1
hydrogen
H
1,400

1,500
1,400
1,400

11
15
phosphorus
P
1,200
1,000
1,000
1,300
1,050

12
25
manganese
Mn
1,000
950
1,100
900
950
16,000,000

13
9
fluorine
F
800
950
540
290
585

14
56
barium
Ba
500
340
340
500
425

15
6
carbon
C
300
480
1,800
940
200

16
38
strontium
Sr

370
360

370
350,000

17
16
sulfur
S
500
260
420
520
350
69,300,000

18
40
zirconium
Zr

190
130
250
165
1,460,000

19
74
tungsten
W

160.6
1.1

1.25
86,400

20
23
vanadium
V
100
160
190

120
76,000

21
17
chlorine
Cl
500
130
170
450
145

22
24
chromium
Cr
100
100
140
350
102
26,000,000

23
37
rubidium
Rb
300
90
60

90

24
28
nickel
Ni

80
90
190
84
2,250,000

25
30
zinc
Zn

75
79

70
11,900,000

26
29
copper
Cu
100
50
68

60
19,400,000

27
58
cerium
Ce

68
60

66.5

28
60
neodymium
Nd

38
33

41.5

29
57
lanthanum
La

32
34

39

30
39
yttrium
Y

30
29

33
6,000

31
7
nitrogen
N
50
25
20

19
140,000,000

32
27
cobalt
Co

20
30

25
123,000

33
3
lithium
Li

20
17

20
35,000

34
41
niobium
Nb

20
17

20
64,000

35
31
gallium
Ga

18
19

19

36
21
scandium
Sc

16
26

22

37
82
lead
Pb

14
10

14
4,820,000

38
62
samarium
Sm

7.9
6

7.05

39
90
thorium
Th

12
6

9.6

40
59
praseodymium
Pr

9.5
8.7

9.2

41
5
boron
B

950
8.7

10
9,400,000

42
64
gadolinium
Gd

7.7
5.2

6.2

43
66
dysprosium
Dy

6
6.2

5.2

44
72
hafnium
Hf

5.3
3.3

3.0

45
68
erbium
Er

3.8
3.0

3.5

46
70
ytterbium
Yb

3.3
2.8

3.2

47
55
caesium
Cs

3
1.9

3

48
4
beryllium
Be

2.6
1.9

2.8
220

49
50
tin
Sn
0
2.2
2.2

2.3
280,000

50
63
europium
Eu

2.1
1.8

2.0

51
92
uranium
U

0
1.8

2.7
74,119

52
73
tantalum
Ta

2
1.7

2.0
1,100

53
32
germanium
Ge

1.8
1.4

1.5
155

54
42
molybdenum
Mo

1.5
1.1

1.2
227,000

55
33
arsenic
As

1.5
2.1

1.8
36,500

56
67
holmium
Ho

1.4
1.2

1.3

57
65
terbium
Tb

1.1
0.94

1.2

58
69
thulium
Tm

0.48
0.45

0.52

59
35
bromine
Br

0.37
3

2.4
391,000

60
81
thallium
Tl

0.6
0.530

0.850
10

61
71
lutetium[7]
Lu

0.5

62
51
antimony
Sb

0.2
0.2

0.2
130,000

63
53
iodine
I

0.14
0.490

0.450
31,600

64
48
cadmium
Cd

0.11
0.15

0.15
23,000

65
47
silver
Ag

0.070
0.080

0.075
27,000

66
80
mercury
Hg

0.05
0.067

0.085
4,500

67
34
selenium
Se

0.05
0.05

0.05
2,200

68
49
indium
In

0.049
0.160

0.250
655

69
83
bismuth
Bi

0.048
0.025

0.0085
10,200

70
52
tellurium
Te

0.005
0.001

0.001
2,200

71
78
platinum
Pt

0.003
0.0037

0.005
172

72
79
gold
Au

0.0011
0.0031

0.004
3,100

73
44
ruthenium
Ru

0.001
0.001

0.001

74
46
palladium
Pd

0.0006
0.0063

0.015
208

75
75
rhenium
Re

0.0004
0.0026

0.0007
47.2

76
77
iridium
Ir

0.0003
0.0004

0.001

77
45
rhodium
Rh

0.0002
0.0007

0.001

78
76
osmium
Os

0.0001
0.0018

0.0015

tag: table

text: Jump up ^ 5,000 tonnes of annual production is electronic grade

tag: ol


document_title: Mr. Edwards

question_text: what happened to mr. edwards wife on little house on the prairie

text: Mr. Edwards

text: Historical influences[edit]

text: It remains unknown whether Mr. Edwards was a completely fictional person or if his story was based on some authentic events and people from Laura's life. Many researchers of the "Little House" books believe that Edwards was actually a person or persons whom Laura gave the traits and actions of people she knew who did kind deeds for the Ingalls throughout the years.

text: In her earliest memoir Pioneer Girl, Wilder recalled the name of the neighbor who swam a creek near their house to bring her and sister Mary Christmas presents as "Mr. Brown," a deed that she ascribed to Mr. Edwards in Little House on the Prairie. An Alabama native and 35 year-old bachelor named Fred Brown is listed as a resident of Rutland Twp Montgomery Co. KS in the 1870 US Census, the same township where the Ingalls family lived in 1870.[1] Possibly this Fred Brown was the model for Mr. Edwards. However, Pamela Smith Hill, the editor of Pioneer Girl suggested that Mr. Edwards may have been the 25-year old English native named Edmund Mason who is also enumerated as a bachelor neighbor of the Ingalls in Rutland Co. Montgomery Co KS ([2]).  Mason's grave may be found in the local Harrison Cemetery, near where the Ingalls were living in the book Little House on the Prairie, though certain key aspects of Mason's known life are at odds with the information about "Mr. Edwards" supplied by Laura in her novels.

text: In the media[edit]

text: Little House on the Prairie series[edit]

text:
Isaiah EdwardsLittle House on the Prairie characterPortrayed by
Victor FrenchFirst appearance
The Pilot MovieLast appearance
Little House: The Last Farewell
showFamilySpouse
1st - Unknown2nd - Grace SniderChildren
with 1st Wife - AliceAdopted with Grace Snider - John Jr., Carl and Alicia Sanderson

text: The character of Isaiah Edwards was introduced in the pilot movie, which established the Ingalls family settling on a prairie tract in Kansas. Victor French, a close friend of series creator Michael Landon and a character actor who had acted in several television westerns beforehand, portrayed the role throughout most of the series run.

text: A poorly educated, gruff-looking dirt farmer, Mr. Edwards helps the Ingalls family build their new home on the prairie and deal with the hardships that arise. It is during this time that the series' main protagonist, Laura Ingalls, develops a close relationship with Edwards. Laura's mother, Caroline, distrusts Mr. Edwards at first, finding his mannerisms and rough demeanor uncouth, but in time grows to respect and accept him as one of the family. Edwards and the Ingalls family are separated when they are forced to leave their property by the government.

text: When Little House on the Prairie was picked up as a weekly television series, Victor French was returned to the role. In the time between the pilot movie and his first episode, "Mr. Edwards' Homecoming," Mr. Edwards had become a drunken drifter, and eventually arrives in Mankato, Minnesota; there, he gets into a barroom brawl when by chance Charles Ingalls – who was making a delivery run from Walnut Grove, where the Ingalls family had settled – arrives and (upon hearing the commotion and recognizing Mr. Edwards) comes to his defense. Mr. Edwards is brought to the Ingalls' new home near Walnut Grove, and eventually gets a place of his own. It is about this time he reveals his past: He became an alcoholic after his first wife and young daughter died of smallpox, and renounced his Christian faith as a result. For the most part, Mr. Edwards is able to keep his drinking under control in episodes that aired during the first three seasons. Mr. Edwards frequently sang the song, "Old Dan Tucker," and a musical cue sometimes introduced his character.

text: Mr. Edwards eventually meets Grace Snider; the two fall in love and are married. They adopt three children orphaned when their mother dies of an illness: John Jr., Carl and Alicia Sanders. The family remains a part of the cast until the end of the third season, when Mr. Edwards uses a gold claim to begin a logging empire (the storyline was created after Victor French took the lead role in another series, Carter Country). French reprised his role in a Season 6 episode, "The Return of Mr. Edwards", where he is seriously injured by a falling tree and becomes suicidal; Charles and Laura arrive to help Mr. Edwards out of his depression.

text: With French's return to the show during Season 8, a story arc was developed around the death of Mr. Edwards' eldest son, John Jr., and the consequences that result. John Jr., who had become an investigative reporter for a Chicago newspaper, was murdered by a corrupt businessman who didn't want his activities becoming public. Mr. Edwards is initially told that it was a street accident that killed John Jr., but as Charles helps him grieve, the two – along with the editor and a street urchin – uncover the truth. It is John Jr.'s death that causes Mr. Edwards to relapse into deep alcoholism, causing him to lose his logging business and eventually, his family. Distraught, Mr. Edwards returns to Walnut Grove, keeping his dark secrets under wraps until he causes a street accident that seriously injures Albert Ingalls (Charles' adopted son). Charles breaks off his friendship with Mr. Edwards and tells him to leave and never return, leaving Laura as his only hope. Laura and her husband, Almanzo (who are by now married) agree to help reform Mr. Edwards, and it works ... until Mr. Edwards gets a letter from Grace telling him she has filed divorce papers. Mr. Edwards tries to break into the Mercantile to obtain alcohol, but when it is locked up, he sees the church and goes in to pray and seek God's forgiveness and guidance; he subsequently reconciles with Charles and eventually becomes Rose Wilder's godfather.

text: During the final season, Mr. Edwards was featured in several episodes, primarily as a comic foil to Harriet Oleson, the snobbish wife of mercantile owner Nels Oleson. However, there were a few serious episodes featuring the character, most notably the two-part episode "The Wild Boy," where he agrees to adopt a mute boy who had been abused by a traveling showman. He also plays key roles in the TV films that aired in 1983 and 1984, most notably "Bless All the Dear Children."

text: Little House on the Prairie mini-series (2005)[edit]

text: The character was played by Gregory Sporleder.

text: External links & sources[edit]

text:
[1] Laura's Prairie House (laurasprairiehouse.com)
[2] 1870 US Census Rutland Twp Montgomery Co. KS p. 4
Little House on the Prairie (1974-1983) on IMDb
Little House on the Prairie (2005) on IMDb
Pioneer Girl: Annotated Autobiography, Laura Ingalls Wilder, ed. Pamela Smith Hill (2014)

tag: ul

text:
showvteLaura Ingalls WilderLittle Houseon the PrairieBooks
Little House in the Big Woods (1932)
Farmer Boy (1933)
Little House on the Prairie (1935)
On the Banks of Plum Creek (1937)
By the Shores of Silver Lake (1939)
The Long Winter (1940)
Little Town on the Prairie (1941)
These Happy Golden Years (1943)
On the Way Home (1962, posthumous)
The First Four Years (1971)
West from Home (1974)
Old Town in the Green Groves (2002)
A Little House Traveler (2006)
Characters
Mr. Edwards
Nellie Oleson
Robert Alden
Other
Live-action TV series
pilot
episodes
Animated TV series
TV films
TV miniseries
Musical
Little House Wayside
Locations
Family
Charles Ingalls
Caroline Ingalls
Mary Ingalls
Carrie Ingalls
Grace Ingalls
Almanzo Wilder
Rose Wilder Lane
Other
Young Pioneers
novel
pilot
miniseries
Christmas special
Free Land
Highway
Medal
William Anderson