document_title: Shakey Ground

question_text: who sings the song standing on shaky ground

text: Shakey Ground

text:
"Shakey Ground"

Single by The Temptations

from the album A Song for You

Released
February 1975

Recorded
1974 at Hitsville USA

Genre
Soul

Length
3:11

Label
Gordy

Songwriter(s)
Jeffrey Bowen
Alphonso Boyd
Eddie Hazel

Producer(s)
Jeffrey Bowen

text: "Shakey Ground" is a 1975 R&B single by The Temptations. It was co-written by Funkadelic guitarist Eddie Hazel, who plays lead guitar on the song. Original Funkadelic bassist Billy "Bass" Nelson also plays on the song. The song is the last by the group to reach the number-one spot on the Billboard Hot Soul Singles chart: the song also crossed over to the pop chart, reaching number twenty-six on the Billboard Hot 100.[1]

text: The song was also covered by Phoebe Snow, Van McCoy, Delbert McClinton, Etta James on her 1989 album Seven Year Itch and many other singers. Renée Geyer covered the song on her album, Really Really Love You: Live at the Dallas Brooks Hall (1976). Fishbone covered this song on their 2000 album Fishbone and the Familyhood Nextperience Present: The Psychotic Friends Nuttwerx. Aerosmith announced in May 2012 that they are covering the song on their upcoming album Music from Another Dimension!, on which it ended up a Japan bonus track. Jam band, Max Creek has been covering the song since the 1980s and continues to do so today.

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Lead vocals by Dennis Edwards
Background vocals by Damon Harris, Richard Street, Melvin Franklin and Otis Williams
Guitar by Eddie Hazel
Bass by Billy Bass Nelson
Soprano saxophone by Donald Charles Baldwin
Instrumentation by various Los Angeles studio musicians


document_title: TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time

question_text: tv guide top tv dramas of all time

question_tokens: tv guide top tv dramas of all time

root

text: Summary[edit]

text: The earliest aired show appearing on the list is The Ed Sullivan Show, which first aired in 1948. The most recently premiered show is The Sopranos, which first aired in 1999. The show with the shortest run is An American Family, which aired only twelve episodes and two subsequent special episodes. The longest-running show on the list is The Today Show, which has aired since 1952. 41 of the shows are prime time, five are daytime and four are late-night. NBC has the most shows on the list with 17, counting the final season of Taxi, otherwise it ties with CBS at 16. ABC has eight, Fox, HBO and PBS each have two and The WB and UPN have a shared entry, Buffy the Vampire Slayer. Three are syndicated.

tag: p

text: Top 10[edit]

text:
Seinfeld (NBC, 1989 - 1998)
I Love Lucy (CBS, October 15, 1951 – May 6, 1957)
The Honeymooners (CBS, October 1, 1955 – September 22, 1956)
All in the Family (CBS, January 12, 1971 – April 8, 1979)
The Sopranos (HBO, January 10, 1999 – June 10, 2007)
60 Minutes (CBS, September 24, 1968 – present)
Late Show with David Letterman (CBS, August 30, 1993 – May 20, 2015)
The Simpsons (Fox, December 17, 1989 – present)
The Andy Griffith Show (CBS, October 3, 1960 – April 1, 1968)
Saturday Night Live (NBC, October 11, 1975 – present)

tag: ol


question_text: president of un general assembly is from which country

text: Election[edit]

text: The session of the assembly is scheduled for every year starting in September—any special, or emergency special, assemblies over the next year will be headed by the President of the UN General Assembly.

text: The presidency rotates annually between the five geographic groups: African, Asia-Pacific, Eastern European, Latin American and Caribbean, and Western European and other States.[1]

text: Because of their powerful stature globally, some of the largest, most powerful countries have never held the presidency, such as the People's Republic of China, France, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In particular, it is customary that no permanent member of the United Nations Security Council ever serves as General Assembly president.

text: The only country that had a national elected as President of the United Nations General Assembly twice is Argentina; all the other member states had been represented only once by their nationals holding this office. This does not include special and emergency special sessions of the General Assembly.

text: List of presidents[edit]

text:
Year elected
Name of President[2]
UN member state
Region
Sessions

1946
Paul-Henri Spaak
 Belgium
WES
First

1947
Oswaldo Aranha
 Brazil
LAS
First special
Second

1948.1 !1948
José Arce
 Argentina
LAS
Second special

1948.2 !1948
Herbert Vere Evatt
 Australia
COS
Third

1949
Carlos P. Romulo
 Philippines
EAS
Fourth

1950
Nasrollah Entezam
 Iran
EAS
Fifth

1951
Luis Padilla Nervo
 Mexico
LAS
Sixth

1952
Lester B. Pearson
 Canada
COS
Seventh

1953
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
 India
COS
Eighth, First woman president

1954
Eelco van Kleffens
 Netherlands
WES
Ninth

1955
José Maza Fernández
 Chile
LAS
Tenth

1956.1 !1956
Rudecindo Ortega (de)
 Chile
LAS
First emergency special
Second emergency special

1956.2 !1956
Wan Waithayakon
 Thailand
EAS
Eleventh

1957
Leslie Munro
 New Zealand
COS
Twelfth
Third emergency special

1958
Charles Malik
 Lebanon
MES
Thirteenth

1959
Víctor Andrés Belaúnde
 Peru
LAS
Fourteenth
Fourth emergency special

1960
Frederick Boland
 Ireland
WES
Fifteenth
Third special

1961
Mongi Slim
 Tunisia
MES
Sixteenth

1962
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
 Pakistan
COS
Seventeenth
Fourth special

1963
Carlos Sosa Rodríguez (es)
 Venezuela
LAS
Eighteenth

1964
Alex Quaison-Sackey
 Ghana
COS
Nineteenth

1965
Amintore Fanfani
 Italy
WES
Twentieth

1966
Abdul Rahman Pazhwak
 Afghanistan
Asia
Twenty-first
Fifth special
Fifth emergency special

1967
Corneliu Mănescu
 Romania
EEG
Twenty-second

1968
Emilio Arenales Catalán
 Guatemala
GRULAC
Twenty-third

1969
Angie Brooks
 Liberia
Africa
Twenty-fourth

1970
Edvard Hambro
 Norway
WEOG
Twenty-fifth

1971
Adam Malik
 Indonesia
Asia
Twenty-sixth

1972
Stanisław Trepczyński
 Poland
EEG
Twenty-seventh

1973
Leopoldo Benites
 Ecuador
GRULAC
Twenty-eighth
Sixth special

1974
Abdelaziz Bouteflika
 Algeria
Africa
Twenty-ninth
Seventh special

1975
Gaston Thorn
 Luxembourg
WEOG
Thirtieth

1976
Hamilton Shirley Amerasinghe
 Sri Lanka
Asia
Thirty-first

1977
Lazar Mojsov
 Yugoslavia
EEG
Thirty-second
Eighth special
Ninth special
Tenth special

1978
Indalecio Liévano
 Colombia
GRULAC
Thirty-third

1979
Salim Ahmed Salim
 United Republic of Tanzania
Africa
Thirty-fourth
Sixth emergency special
Seventh emergency special
Eleventh special

1980
Rüdiger von Wechmar
 Federal Republic of Germany
WEOG
Thirty-fifth
Eighth emergency special

1981
Ismat T. Kittani
 Iraq
Asia
Thirty-sixth
Seventh emergency special—Continuation
Ninth emergency special
Twelfth special

1982
Imre Hollai
 Hungary
EEG
Thirty-seventh

1983
Jorge Illueca
 Panama
GRULAC
Thirty-eighth

1984
Paul J. F. Lusaka
 Zambia
Africa
Thirty-ninth

1985
Jaime de Piniés
 Spain
WEOG
Fortieth
Thirteenth special

1986
Humayun Rashid Choudhury
 Bangladesh
Asia
Forty-first
Fourteenth special

1987
Peter Florin
 German Democratic Republic
EEG
Forty-second
Fifteenth special

1988
Dante Caputo
 Argentina
GRULAC
Forty-third

1989
Joseph Nanven Garba
 Nigeria
Africa
Forty-fourth
Sixteenth special
Seventeenth special
Eighteenth special

1990
Guido de Marco
 Malta
WEOG
Forty-fifth

1991
Samir Shihabi
 Saudi Arabia
Asia
Forty-sixth

1992
Stoyan Ganev
 Bulgaria
EEG
Forty-seventh

1993
Rudy Insanally
 Guyana
GRULAC
Forty-eighth

1994
Amara Essy
 Ivory Coast
Africa
Forty-ninth

1995
Diogo de Freitas do Amaral
 Portugal
WEOG
Fiftieth

1996
Razali Ismail
 Malaysia
Asia
Fifty-first
Tenth emergency special
Nineteenth special

1997
Hennadiy Udovenko
 Ukraine
EEG
Fifty-second
Tenth emergency special—Continuation
Twentieth special

1998
Didier Opertti
 Uruguay
GRULAC
Fifty-third
Tenth emergency special—Continuation
Twenty-first special

1999
Theo-Ben Gurirab
 Namibia
Africa
Fifty-fourth
Twenty-second special
Twenty-third special
Twenty-fourth special

2000
Harri Holkeri
 Finland
WEOG
Fifty-fifth
Tenth emergency special—Continuation
Twenty-fifth special
Twenty-sixth special

2001
Han Seung-soo
 South Korea
Asia
Fifty-sixth
Tenth emergency special—Continuation

2002
Jan Kavan
 Czech Republic
EEG
Fifty-seventh
Tenth emergency special—Continuation

2003
Julian Hunte
 Saint Lucia
GRULAC
Fifty-eighth
Tenth emergency special—Continuation

2004
Jean Ping
 Gabon
Africa
Fifty-ninth

2005
Jan Eliasson
 Sweden
WEOG
Sixtieth

2006
Haya Rashed Al-Khalifa
 Bahrain
Asia
Sixty-first
Tenth emergency special—Continuation

2007
Srgjan Kerim
 Republic of Macedonia
EEG
Sixty-second

2008
Miguel d'Escoto Brockmann
 Nicaragua
GRULAC
Sixty-third

2009
Ali Treki
 Libya
Africa
Sixty-fourth

2010
Joseph Deiss
  Switzerland
WEOG
Sixty-fifth

2011
Nassir Al-Nasser[3]
 Qatar
Asia-Pacific
Sixty-sixth

2012
Vuk Jeremić
 Serbia
EEG
Sixty-seventh (election)

2013
John William Ashe
 Antigua and Barbuda
GRULAC
Sixty-eighth

2014
Sam Kutesa
 Uganda
Africa
Sixty-ninth

2015
Mogens Lykketoft
 Denmark
WEOG
Seventieth

2016
Peter Thomson
 Fiji
Asia-Pacific
Seventy-first (election)

2017
Miroslav Lajčák
 Slovakia
EEG
Seventy-second
Tenth emergency special—Continuation

tag: table

text: Abbreviations:

text:
COS: Commonwealth Seat
EAS: Eastern European and Asian Seat
LAS: Latin American Seat
MES: Middle Eastern Seat
WES: Western European Seat

tag: ul

text:
Africa: African Group
Asia-Pacific: Asian Group, since 2011 the Asia-Pacific Group[4]
EEG: Eastern European Group
GRULAC: Latin American and Caribbean Group
WEOG: Western European and Others Group


document_title: Sherlock Holmes (2009 film)

question_text: sherlock holmes movies in order robert downey jr

text: Sherlock Holmes (2009 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1890, private detective Sherlock Holmes and his partner Dr. John Watson prevent the ritual murder of a woman by Lord Henry Blackwood, who has killed five other young women similarly. Inspector Lestrade and the police arrest Blackwood. Three months later, Watson is engaged to Mary Morstan and moving out of 221B Baker Street; while he enjoys their adventures together, Watson looks forward to not having to deal with Holmes' eccentricities. Meanwhile, Blackwood has been sentenced to death and requests to see Holmes, whom he warns of three more unstoppable deaths that will cause great changes to the world. Blackwood is subsequently hanged.

text: Holmes is visited by Irene Adler, a former adversary who asks him to find a missing man named Luke Reordan. After her departure, Holmes follows her as she meets with her secret employer, and only learns that the man is a professor and that he intimidates Adler. Meanwhile, sightings of a living Blackwood and the discovery of his destroyed tomb lead to belief that Blackwood has risen from the grave; Reordan is found dead inside Blackwood's coffin. Following a series of clues from the body, Holmes and Watson find Reordan's home and discover experiments attempting to merge science with magic. After they survive a battle with Blackwood's men who attempt to destroy the lab, Holmes is taken to the Temple of the Four Orders, a secret magical fraternity with considerable political influence. The leaders – Lord Chief Justice Sir Thomas Rotheram, U.S. Ambassador Standish, and Home Secretary Lord Coward– ask Holmes to stop Blackwood, a former member of the society and Sir Thomas's son.

text: That night Sir Thomas drowns in his bath as Blackwood watches, and the next night Lord Coward calls a meeting of the Order. He nominates Blackwood to take command in place of Sir Thomas and Blackwood reveals himself to the group. Standish attempts to shoot Blackwood but is set on fire when he pulls the trigger of his gun, and runs out a window to his death. Lord Coward issues an arrest warrant for Holmes, causing him to go into hiding. Holmes studies the rituals of the Order and recognizes their symbols in Blackwood's murders that were staged at specific locations; from this he deduces the targets of the final murder are the members of Parliament. With the aid of Lestrade, Holmes fakes arrest and is taken to see Coward, where he uses evidence on Coward's clothes to deduce Blackwood has conducted a ceremony in the sewers beneath the Palace of Westminster.

text: Holmes escapes and he, Watson, and Adler find Blackwood's men in the sewers guarding a device based on Reordan's experiments, designed to release cyanide gas into the Parliament chambers and kill all but Blackwood's supporters, whom he has secretly given an antidote. Blackwood comes before Parliament and announces their impending deaths, then attempts to activate the cyanide device by remote control, but it is disabled by Adler. Blackwood flees Parliament and sees Adler and Holmes in the sewers, and pursues them to the top of the incomplete Tower Bridge. Blackwood fights Holmes, as the latter deduces how all of Blackwood's supposed supernatural feats were the work of science and trickery. Blackwood plummets off the bridge and falls entangled in a noose of chains, killing him when the chain wrapped around his neck hangs him. Adler explains to Holmes that her employer is Professor Moriarty, and she warns that Moriarty is as intelligent as Holmes and far more duplicitous.

text: As Watson moves out of 221B, the police report to him and Holmes that a dead officer was found near Blackwood's device. Professor Moriarty used the confrontations with Adler and Blackwood as a diversion while he took a key component, based on the infant science of radio, from the machine. Holmes looks forward to the new case and new adversary.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Robert Downey Jr. as Sherlock Holmes, a bohemian scientist and eccentric detective-for-hire who becomes a wanted fugitive in his hunt for Lord Blackwood while constantly being followed by the presence of Professor Moriarty. Downey was visiting Joel Silver's offices with his wife, producer Susan Downey, when he learned about the project.[4] Ritchie initially felt Downey was too old for the role because he wanted the film to show a younger Holmes on a learning curve like Batman Begins.[5] Ritchie decided to take a chance on casting him in the role, and Downey told the BBC that "I think me and Guy are well-suited to working together. The more I look into the books, the more fantastic it becomes. Holmes is such a weirdo".[6] Downey also revealed what his wife had to say: "that when you read the description of the guy  — quirky and kind of nuts — it could be a description of me".[7] Downey intended to focus more on Holmes' patriotic side and his bohemianism, and felt that his work on Chaplin had prepared him for an English accent.[8] Ritchie feels his accent is "flawless".[9] Both Downey and Ritchie are martial arts enthusiasts, and have been inspired by the Baritsu mentioned in the 1901 story "The Adventure of the Empty House".[10] Downey lost weight for the part, because during a chat he had with Chris Martin, Martin recommended that Holmes look "gaunt" and "skinny".[11][12]

Actor Jude Law at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival.

Jude Law as Dr. John Watson, Holmes' companion and close friend who is also a surgeon and a veteran of the Second Afghan War. Law's Watson is more like the original character, who was more of a colleague, rather than the bumbling fool that actor Nigel Bruce popularised in the 1930s–40s films.[13] Law previously appeared in the Granada Television series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, in an episode based on "The Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place". Being a Holmes fan, Law recognised there was material unexplored in other adaptations and was intrigued by Downey's casting; Law was cast because he had a positive meeting with Downey and concurred the film would have to explore Holmes and Watson's friendship. Downey believed by emphasizing Watson's qualities as a former soldier, a doctor, a womanizer and a gambler, it would make for a more interesting foil for Holmes.[14] Law made a notebook of phrases from the stories to improvise into his dialogue.[15] Ritchie originally envisioned Russell Crowe in the role.[16]
Mark Strong as Lord Henry Blackwood, an aristocratic serial killer dabbling in the occult to compel others to do his bidding. Having returned after his execution, Blackwood unveils plans to control the British Empire. He is given many supernatural elements to his character, and his presence is usually accompanied by a menacing crow. Strong worked with director Ritchie for the third time and said he appreciates the director's lack of ego and how easy he is to work with.[17][18]
Rachel McAdams as Irene Adler, an American femme fatale from New Jersey who outwitted Holmes twice, as chronicled in Doyle's story "A Scandal in Bohemia".[13] A skilled professional thief, as well as a divorcée, Adler is no longer married to Godfrey Norton and needs Holmes' help for the case.[14] Downey convinced Ritchie to cast McAdams, arguing she would not look too young to be his love interest.[19] In this aspect the film considerably departs from Doyle's original, where Holmes never met Adler again after the one occasion where she outwitted (and greatly impressed) him; the film conversely implies that the two of them met many times and later had an intermittent, hotly consummated love affair.
Kelly Reilly as Mary Morstan, a governess whom Watson wishes to marry, causing a conflict with Holmes.[7]
Eddie Marsan as Inspector Lestrade, an investigator from Scotland Yard who hires Holmes to look into the murders. Unlike many previous adaptations, in this storyline Lestrade is not portrayed as a bumbling inspector, but is shown to be a rather competent officer (though he is relatively fed up with Holmes).[20]
Hans Matheson as Lord Coward, the Home Secretary, who is Blackwood's right-hand man and assisted Blackwood in all his murders. He was one of a small number of Blackwood's allies aware of his usage of technology to feign magical powers.
Geraldine James as Mrs. Hudson, Sherlock Holmes' landlady. This is James' second Holmes film. She had also portrayed Dr. Mortimer's wife in the 2002 adaptation of The Hound of the Baskervilles.
James Fox as Sir Thomas Rotheram, father of Lord Blackwood, Lord Chief Justice and Head of the Temple of the Four Orders.
Robert Maillet as Dredger, a 7-foot (2.14 meter), French-speaking henchman working for Blackwood.[21]
William Hope as American Ambassador Standish.
William Houston as Constable Clark

text: Director Guy Ritchie declined to reveal the actor who voiced Professor Moriarty.[22]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text:
"A lot of the action that Conan Doyle refers to was actually made manifest in our film. Very often, Sherlock Holmes will say things like, 'If I hadn't been such an expert short [single] stick person, I would have died in that' or he would refer to a fight off screen. We're putting those fights on screen."

—Producer/co-writer Lionel Wigram[23]

tag: div

text: Producer Lionel Wigram remarked that for around ten years, he had been thinking of new ways to depict Sherlock Holmes. "I realized the images I was seeing in my head [when reading the stories] were different to the images I'd seen in previous films." He imagined "a much more modern, more bohemian character, who dresses more like an artist or a poet", namely Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. After leaving his position as executive for Warner Bros. in 2006,[5] Wigram sought a larger scope to the story so it could attract a large audience, and amalgamated various Holmes stories to flesh it out further.[7] Some sequences in the movie were more than suggested by uncredited incidents found in a 1979 novel Enter the Lion: A Posthumous Memoir of Mycroft Holmes. Lord Blackwood's character was developed as a nod to Victorian interests in spiritualism and the later influence of Aleister Crowley.[23] The producer felt he was "almost clever" pitting Holmes, who has an almost supernatural ability to solve crimes, against a supposedly supernatural villain. The plot point, moreover, nods to the Holmesian tale of The Hound of the Baskervilles, where a string of seemingly supernatural events is finally explained through intuitive reasoning and scientific savvy. Wigram wrote and John Watkiss drew a 25-page comic book about Holmes in place of a spec script.[23] Professor Moriarty was included in the script to set up the sequels.[24]

text: In March 2007, Warner Bros. chose to produce, seeing similarities in the concept with Batman Begins. Arthur Conan Doyle's estate had some involvement in sorting out legal issues, although the stories are in the public domain in the United States.[citation needed] Neil Marshall was set to direct,[25] but Guy Ritchie signed on to direct in June 2008.[26] When a child at boarding school, Ritchie and other pupils listened to the Holmes stories through dormitory loudspeakers. "Holmes used to talk me to sleep every night when I was seven years old," he said.[27] Therefore, his image of Holmes differed from the films. He wanted to make his film more "authentic" to Doyle,[8] explaining, "There's quite a lot of intense action sequences in the stories, [and] sometimes that hasn't been reflected in the movies."[28] Holmes' "brilliance will percolate into the action", and the film will show that his "intellect was as much of a curse as it was a blessing".[9] Ritchie sought to make Sherlock Holmes a "very contemporary film as far as the tone and texture", because it has been "a relatively long time since there's been a film version that people embraced".[28]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began in October 2008.[29] The crew shot at Freemasons' Hall and St Paul's Cathedral.[24][30]

text: Filming was conducted in Manchester's Northern Quarter. Manchester Town Hall was extensively used for numerous scenes with some minor CGI modifications. The interior courtyard was used for a fight scene, the Great Hall doubled as the House of Lords and numerous areas such as the landing were used as a backdrop.[31]

text: They shot the opening scene for three days at St Bartholomew-the-Great church in London,[23] and shot on the river Thames at Wapping for a scene involving a steamboat on 7 November.[32] Filming continued at Stanley Dock and Clarence Dock in Liverpool [33] and The Historic Dockyard, Chatham.[34] Street scenes were filmed in cobbled alleyways in Chatham and Manchester. Brompton Cemetery in London was used for a key scene, and the palatial 19th-century interior of the Reform Club stood in for the Café Royal. Scenes from the interior of 221B Baker Street were shot on a sound stage at Leavesden Studios.[35]

text: In late November 2008, actor Robert Maillet, who played Dredger, was filming a fight scene at Chatham Dockyard in Kent, and accidentally punched Robert Downey Jr. in the face, causing Downey to be bloodied and knocked down, but not knocked unconscious as originally reported.[21] The Sun reported that on 28 November, a tank truck caught fire, forcing filming to stop for two hours.[36] When filming at St John's Street in December, the schedule had to be shortened from 13 to nine days because locals complained about how they would always have to park cars elsewhere during the shoot.[37] In January 2009, filming moved to Brooklyn.[38]

text: Ritchie wanted his Holmes' costume to play against the popular image of the character, joking "there is only one person in history who ever wore a deerstalker". Downey selected the character's hat, a beat-up fedora. The director kept to the tradition of making Holmes and Watson's apartment quite messy, and had it decorated with artifacts and scientific objects from the continents they would have visited.[16]

text: Music[edit]

text: The soundtrack for the film was composed by Hans Zimmer. It was released on 12 January 2010.[39]

text: Distribution[edit]

text: The film had its world premiere on 14 December 2009, in London and was subsequently released worldwide on 25 December 2009 (26 December, boxing day, in the UK and Ireland), after being pushed from a November release date.[3] An advance charity screening was held in select locations in Belgium on 10 December 2009.[40]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Sherlock Holmes was released on DVD and Blu-ray/DVD/digital on 30 March 2010 in the United States.[41] The film has since grossed $44,908,336 in DVD sales.[42]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film opened to an estimated $62.4 million in its first weekend in America alone, placing in second at the US box office to Avatar, which grossed $75.6 million. The film earned a strong per-theater average of $18,031 from its 3,626 theaters. Its one-day Christmas sales broke records. Sherlock Holmes had grossed $523,000,000 worldwide[2] making it Guy Ritchie's biggest box-office success yet,[43] and the 8th highest grossing film of 2009 worldwide, and domestically. On the domestic charts, it is the fourth highest-grossing film to never hit No. 1 in the weekend box office, behind My Big Fat Greek Wedding, fellow Christmas opener Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel, and said film's predecessor.[44] Worldwide, it is the fourth highest in this category, behind Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs, Casino Royale, and The Day After Tomorrow.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received generally positive reviews. Review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes reports that 70% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 224 reviews, with a rating average of 6.2 out of 10, with the consensus being that "Guy Ritchie's directorial style might not be quite the best fit for an update on the legendary detective, but Sherlock Holmes benefits from the elementary appeal of a strong performance by Robert Downey, Jr."[45] Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 1–100 reviews from film critics, has a rating score of 57 based on 34 reviews.[46]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three out of four stars and highlighted the film's strong characters, visuals and action-packed plot;[47] the characters were also praised by Jake Tomlinson of Shave Magazine, who believed that Downey Jr. and Law were "perfect together" and that Strong was "a convincing and creepy villain".[48]

text: A. O. Scott of the New York Times noted that the director's approach to films was "to make cool movies about cool guys with cool stuff" and that Sherlock Holmes was essentially "a series of poses and stunts" which was "intermittently diverting" at best.[49]

text: David Stratton of The Australian disliked the film's interpretation of the original Holmes stories and concluded, "The makers of this film are mainly interested in action; that, they believe, is all that gets young audiences into cinemas today. They may be right, but they have ridden roughshod over one of literature's greatest creations in the process." He praised the production design and score.[50]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: On 17 January 2010, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association announced the winners of the 67th Golden Globe Awards with Robert Downey Jr. winning Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for the portrayal of Sherlock Holmes.[51] The Broadcast Film Critics Association nominated Hans Zimmer for Best Score but lost to Up by Michael Giacchino.[52] The film was nominated for Best Original Score and Best Art Direction at the 82nd Academy Awards. The film won Best Thriller at the Empire Awards. The film was nominated for the Vits Awards for "Best Music" and "Best Effects".[53]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: The sequel, Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows, with Downey and Law reprising their roles, was released on 16 December 2011. [54]


document_title: Oxon Hill, Maryland

question_text: how far is oxon hill maryland from washington dc

text: Oxon Hill, Maryland

text: History[edit]

text:
Historical population

Census
Pop.

%±

1970
11,974

—

1980
36,267

202.9%

2010
17,722

—

source:[2][3][4]

text: Oxon Hill was named for the colonial 18th century manor home of Thomas Addison (which burned in 1895 but was replaced in 1929 by a large 49-room neo-Georgian-style home called Oxon Hill Manor, standing on a bluff over the Potomac River). The current Manor is now owned by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission and is used for cultural activities, as well as being rented for weddings and special events. "Oxon" is an abbreviation for the Latin Oxoniensis, meaning "of Oxford." The area now known as Oxon Hill reminded Addison of the area near Oxford, England.[5] The Revolutionary patriot John Hanson died while visiting the first Manor, and may be buried there in an unmarked grave.

text: Oxon Hill Manor, the Butler House, Oxon Cove Park, and St. Ignatius Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[6]

text: Today the community is bisected by the busy Capital Beltway (I-95/495), and is near the interstate Woodrow Wilson Bridge. The enlarged bridge was opened December 15, 2008, and highway interchanges and ramps near the bridge were also re-aligned and re-configured. Prior to that date, traffic backed up into Oxon Hill daily for decades as 250,000–300,000 vehicles a day crossed the Wilson Bridge. (Tens of thousands of white-collar commuters working in Northern Virginia's booming economy find that housing is cheaper in Prince George's County, Maryland.)[citation needed]

text: Oxon Hill includes many garden apartment and townhouse communities along with single-family detached homes built mostly between the 1940s when suburban development began, through the early 1990s (except for the newer National Harbor condominiums), including the incorporated town Forest Heights. In earlier decades, many residents were scientists from the adjacent U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Air Force personnel, or musicians in military bands, but very few are now, as today such professionals prefer newer and more upscale communities.[citation needed] Oxon Hill's two principal shopping centers ("Rivertowne", built about 1985 which includes a K-Mart, Safeway, Staples, Ross Stores Inc. and Home Depot, and "Eastover", built about 1955) attract neighborhood customers as well as shoppers from nearby Southeast Washington, D.C. Eastover, located at the D.C./state line, is a hub of many bus routes, some of them operating 24 hours a day, and has a Prince George's County Police station. The apartment communities closest to the D.C. line are informally called by their original name "Glassmanor", although rental companies have officially given them newer names.[citation needed] Rather unusual community features of Oxon Hill are a nursing home and a large cultural center, both operated for an ethnic Filipino population who are numerous in Oxon Hill and Fort Washington.[7] A Walmart was scheduled to open in 2014 but has since been delayed for site layout revisions.[8]

text: Until about 1960, the community used the mailing address Washington, D.C., before getting its own postal designation. About 1980, the United States Postal Service detached the two-thirds of greater Oxon Hill that was furthest from Washington, D.C. and re-defined that part as a new postal designation, Fort Washington, MD. To make mail sorting easier at that time, the new postal boundary line separating the two Maryland communities was drawn along already existing zip code boundaries. (The former zip 20021 portion of Oxon Hill remained Oxon Hill with the new code 20745, while everything in the former zip 20022 portion of Oxon Hill about 1980 was automatically renamed the new Fort Washington 20744.) Illogically, this partitioning reassigned some areas that seem to be almost in the heart of Oxon Hill (such as all of the Bock Road, Tucker Road, Murray Hills, and Brinkley Road areas, including several large prominent churches, Rosecroft Raceway, the ice rink, and ironically even Oxon Hill Middle School) to Fort Washington mailing addresses, which can cause confusion.

text: Geography[edit]

text: Oxon Hill is located in Prince George's County, Maryland along Maryland Route 210 (Indian Head Highway) and Maryland Route 414 (Oxon Hill Road), less than 2 miles (3 km) south of the boundary of Washington, D.C. The CDP lies directly south of the Capital Beltway (I-495/I-95) just east of the Woodrow Wilson Bridge over the Potomac River.

text: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the total area of Oxon Hill is 6.6 square miles (17.2 km2), of which 6.6 square miles (17.1 km2) is land and 0.01 square miles (0.03 km2), or 0.20%, is water.[9]

text: Parks and recreation[edit]

text: Rosecroft Raceway (founded in 1949) and Henson Creek Golf Course(9 Hole course) are among Oxon Hill's recreational attractions; Rosecroft Raceway offers a limited number of harness horse racing dates throughout the year, as well as betting on select televised simulcast races from around the country (per article in Washington Post, May 20, 2010). (The Maryland slot machine referendum in November 2008 did not include Rosecroft in its list of possible sites to add slots.)[10]

text: The Parks Commission's 1974 Tucker Road ice skating rink, at the Tucker Road Athletic Complex, was enclosed and expanded to year-round use in 2005;[citation needed] across from it is the Tucker Road Community Center and nearby is a private swimming club, the Oxon Hill Recreation Club (OHRC). OHRC has been in continuous operation since 1958.[citation needed] A 37,000 square foot gymnasium and recreation and learning center (Southern Regional Technology & Recreation Complex) opened in 2013, on Bock Road.[11] The Henson Creek paved hiker-biker trail extends 5.5 miles (8.9 km) paralleling Henson Creek, a tributary to the Potomac River. Oxon Cove Farm (formerly Oxon Hill Children's Farm) is a free of charge, educational facility operated daily for families by the National Park Service. Its future is uncertain because it is located in the shadow of National Harbor. The farm also has a bicycle trail used by a few commuters to nearby government facilities. Public indoor and outdoor swimming pools are also located on Allentown Road near Padgett's Corner at the Allentown Splash, Tennis and Fitness Park.

text: Oxon Hill is also the location of National Harbor, a major development on the Potomac River: a 7,300,000-square-foot (680,000 m2) mixed-use community including 2,500 residential units, 4,000 hotel rooms, 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) of retail, upscale dining, and entertainment, and 500,000 square feet (46,000 m2) of class-"A" office space, along with one of the largest marina on the Potomac River and the 2,000 room Gaylord National on the Potomac Resort and Convention Center, the largest hotel in the entire Washington area.[citation needed] The first phase of the development began opening in April 2008, and is currently well into its second phase.

text: The MGM National Harbor Resort Casino is currently under construction at the entrance to the National Harbor development. This 950 million dollar project is scheduled to open in late 2016.

text: Education[edit]

text: Oxon Hill has many schools, including the very large Oxon Hill High School, part of the Prince George's County public school system; the school has a magnet science and technology program, which is offered at only three of the county's high schools; The original buildings (opened in 1958) have been completely replaced by a new facility, which opened in August 2013.[12] Other students attend Potomac, Friendly, or Crossland high schools. Another magnet school in Oxon Hill is the K–8 John Hanson French Immersion School whose mission is to ensure that all students acquire knowledge and skills, through speaking, reading and writing the French language. The French Immersion school is also attached to the John Hanson Montessori School which upholds the teaching ideals of Italian educator Maria Montessori. Both are located in the former John Hanson Junior High School building, which is next door to the main Oxon Hill post office.

text: Oxon Hill has a very large, modern public library, completely remodeled and reopened in 2005, part of the Prince George's public library system. Originally built in 1967,[13] the Oxon Hill Library Branch contains the Sojourner Truth Room, an African American research collection. This comprehensive collection of reference materials on African American history and culture includes over 16,000 cataloged items (many are rare or out-of-print), periodicals, sheet music by African American composers, pictures and posters. Vertical files contain pamphlets, clippings and bibliographies. Copies of selected materials are also in the Oxon Hill Branch's circulating collection. An extensive collection of current and historical periodicals, including the NAACP's Crisis from 1910, the Journal of Negro History from 1916 and Ebony from 1945.

text: The collection includes original editions of some slave narratives, as well as many reprint editions and the thirty-one volume Writer's Project series. Other topics are antislavery and slavery tracts, literary criticism, and the history of African Americans in Maryland and Prince George's County.

text: Infrastructure[edit]

text: Major roads[edit]

text:
MD 414
 MD 210
 I-495

text: Notable people[edit]

text:
John Bayne, 19th Century founder of University of Maryland, superintendent of county schools, Union Army physician, one of first Americans to grow and eat a tomato, proving they were not poisonous as had been thought. The land that his home, "Salubria", once occupied, is directly adjacent to National Harbor and is now the location of Tanger Outlets shopping complex, which opened in late 2013.[14][15][dubious – discuss]
Singer Eva Cassidy, who rose to prominence in United Kingdom before an untimely death in 1996 at age 33 from cancer, lived with her family in Oxon Hill in her early years.
Ronald Darby, cornerback for NFL's Philadelphia Eagles; born in Oxon Hill and attended Potomac High School.
Roger L. Easton, Naval scientist, chief inventor of GPS, winner of 2004 Presidential National Medal of Technology; lived on Oxon Hill Road (more information is on "Google images").
Actress Taraji P. Henson, winner of Golden Globe award for TV series Empire, nominee for Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in 2009, attended Oxon Hill High School.
G. Gordon Liddy,[16] FBI bureau chief, lawyer, Richard Nixon's White House Staff Assistant, key Watergate figure, author, and nationally syndicated radio talk show host.[17]
U.S. Senator George McGovern, Democratic presidential candidate, and family lived briefly in Glassmanor while a freshman U.S. congressman.[18]
Sammy Nestico, distinguished band music composer/arranger, lived in Birchwood City in 1960s.
Arnie Sachs (1928–2006), photojournalist, took famous photo of teenager Bill Clinton shaking hands with President John F. Kennedy[19]
Sumner Welles, U.S. Undersecretary of State to Franklin D. Roosevelt, lived in second "Oxon Hill Manor" home and hosted Roosevelt and possibly Sir Winston Churchill there. Home was later occupied by Fred Maloof (wealthy oilman, timberland tycoon, and art collector) before coming into ownership of Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission.
Tavon Young, cornerback for NFL's Baltimore Ravens, fourth-round pick out of Temple University, graduate of Potomac High School.


document_title: Hatfields & McCoys (miniseries)

question_text: where was the movie hatfields and mccoys filmed

text: Hatfields & McCoys (miniseries)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Bill Paxton as Randolph "Randall" McCoy
Kevin Costner as William Anderson "Devil Anse" Hatfield
Tom Berenger as Jim Vance
Powers Boothe as Judge Valentine "Wall" Hatfield
Mare Winningham as Sally McCoy
Jena Malone as Nancy McCoy
Boyd Holbrook as William "Cap" Hatfield
Lindsay Pulsipher as Roseanna McCoy
Matt Barr as Johnson "Johnse" Hatfield
Ronan Vibert as Perry Cline
Noel Fisher as Ellison "Cotton Top" Mounts
Sam Reid as Tolbert McCoy
Andrew Howard as "Bad" Frank Phillips
Jilon VanOver as Ransom Bray
Sarah Parish as Levicy Hatfield
Joe Absolom as Selkirk McCoy
Tom McKay as Jim McCoy
Michael Jibson as Phamer McCoy
Greg Patmore as Elias "Good 'Lias" Hatfield
Damian O'Hare as Ellison Hatfield
Nick Dunning as Reverend Garrett

text: Production[edit]

text: The miniseries was History's first aired scripted drama[2] (the network had previously produced a scripted miniseries in 2011, The Kennedys, but decided against airing it in the US).[3]

text: Although the story is set in the Appalachians in West Virginia and Kentucky, the miniseries was shot in Romania, just outside Brașov with the Carpathians standing in for the Appalachians.[4][5]

text: Music[edit]

text: The score for the series was composed by John Debney and Tony Morales, with additional music by Kevin Costner and Modern West.[1] The soundtrack features vocals performed by Lisbeth Scott on The Long Road Down.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The miniseries met with favorable reviews from US critics. Based on 20 reviews from mainstream critics, it received an average score of 68/100 at Metacritic, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[6] Linda Stasi of the New York Post commented: "When I first heard about it, my thought was: Why? But that was before I sat through all six hours of this intense saga. Most miniseries this long tend to lose steam somewhere between the beginning of Night 1 and the middle of Night 2. Not this one...The miniseries is full of stand-out performances from great actors... But it's the guys you may not know who will blow you away."[7] Entertainment Weekly's Ken Tucker gave the series a B+, stating: "In stretching the tale over three nights, the pacing sags at times, and recriminations can get repetitive. It also doesn't help that Reynolds shot the miniseries in that perpetual sepia tone that gives everything a faux-antique look. But overall, Hatfields & McCoys is engrossing, and enlightening about a feud that proves to be a lot more than the bumpkin brawl of pop legend."[8] Mary McNamara of the Los Angeles Times stated: "Although deftly nailed into its time and place with sets and costumes so vivid you can smell the blue wood smoke and the stink of moonshine sweat, Hatfields & McCoys transcends the confines of its age by revealing the feud's posturing, resentments and callous violence that mirror the dynamics of modern urban gangs... It isn't a perfect piece — when faced with a choice between historic detail and story, Hatfields & McCoys errs on the side of detail, which is both the series' greatest strength and weakness."[9]

text: Among the negative critics was Verne Gay of Newsday who called the series "violent and dull", adding "What's not to like about Hatfields & McCoys? Simple: the story. It's an uninteresting one, peopled with almost criminally bland characters. In fact, as portrayed here – quite possibly accurately – they're a bunch of bibulous knuckleheads who shoot at each other year after year – or on TV, hour after hour – and have no real idea why. It's an interminable eye-for-eye, tooth-for-tooth narrative."[10] Washington Post's Hank Stuever also gave a negative review: "The point of the entire saga, it seems, is to make you lose track of what the feudin' was about, and how it managed to burn out of control. It will always be tempting to view their story through any modern analogy of one's choosing – such as partisan political stalemates or the red-blue socioeconomic divide. But maybe the story of the Hatfields and McCoys doesn't amount to anything at all. Maybe, since it also doesn't make much of miniseries, it was meant to be a footnote and nothing more."[11]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Hatfields & McCoys received 16 nominations at the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards, the most since the History Channel began operations.[12] The series was nominated for Outstanding Miniseries or Movie. Kevin Costner and Bill Paxton were both nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie, with Costner winning the award. Tom Berenger won Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie and Mare Winningham was nominated for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie. Director Kevin Reynolds was nominated for Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special. Ted Mann, Ronald Parker, and Bill Kerby were nominated for Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special for the second part of the miniseries. The series won three of its nine technical nominations.[13][14]

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

2nd Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Movie/Miniseries Actor
Kevin Costner
Nominated

17th Satellite Awards
Best Miniseries or Television Film

Won

Best Actor in a Miniseries or Television Film
Kevin Costner
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries, or Television Film
Mare Winningham
Nominated

19th Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie
Kevin Costner
Won

Bill Paxton
Nominated

28th TCA Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Movies, Miniseries, and Specials

Nominated

64th Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Miniseries or Movie
Barry M. Berg, Kevin Costner, Herb Nanas, Vlad Paunescu, Nancy Dubuc, Dirk Hoogstra, Leslie Greif, and Darrell Fetty
Nominated

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or Movie
Kevin Costner
Won

Bill Paxton
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie
Tom Berenger
Won

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie
Mare Winningham
Nominated

Outstanding Directing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special
Kevin Reynolds
Nominated

Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Dramatic Special
Bill Kerby
Ted Mann
Ronald Parker for "Part 2"
Nominated

64th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards
Outstanding Art Direction for a Miniseries or Movie
Serban Porupca, Derek R. Hill, John B. Vertrees, and Sally Black
Nominated

Outstanding Casting for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special
Fern Champion and Amy Hubbard
Nominated

Outstanding Costumes for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special
Karri Hutchinson and Adina Bucur
Nominated

Outstanding Hairstyling for a Miniseries or Movie
Gabriele Gregorini, Peter Nicastro, and Giorgio Gregorini
Nominated

Outstanding Make-up for a Miniseries or Movie (Non-Prosthetic)
Francesca Tampieri and Mario Michisanti
Won

Outstanding Music Composition for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special (Original Dramatic Score)
John Debney and Tony Morales for "Part 1"
Nominated

Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Miniseries or Movie
Don Cassidy for "Part 2"
Won

Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries, Movie, or Special
Tom Bjelic, John Laing, Darrell Hall, Steve Baine, Michael Mancuso, Dermain Finlayson, Dan Kiener, Kevin Banks, Emilie Boucek, Mark Dejczak, Alex Bullick, John Douglas Smith and Nathan Robitaille for "Part 1"
Nominated

Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Miniseries or Movie
Christian T. Cooke, Brad Zoern, Stanomir Dragos, and for "Part 1"
Won

70th Golden Globe Awards
Best Miniseries or Television Film

Nominated

Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film
Kevin Costner
Won

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Part one drew the largest ever ratings for a History program and one of the biggest in cable TV history. 13.9 million viewers tuned into the first of three parts, making it the most-watched single broadcast on ad-supported cable ever, excluding sports. Demographic numbers were high as well, with 4.8 million viewers in the adults 18-49 demographic and 5.8 million viewers among adults 24-54.[15] Part two was watched by 13.13 million viewers with an adult 18-49 rating of 3.7, the highest rated programming on cable of the night.[16] Part three was watched by 14.29 million viewers with an adult 18-49 rating of 4.0, making it the number-one program of the night.[17]

text: Effect on tourism[edit]

text: According to WYMT-TV in Hazard, Kentucky, the series has generated an increase in tourism to the area from people wanting to know about the feud. Pike County Tourism Vice Chair Reed Potter stated: "It's been beyond our expectations. We've been getting requests for brochures that tell about the feud sites and places people can visit at a rate today last I checked of about two per minute."[18]

text: International broadcast[edit]

text:
Country
Networks
Series premiere
Timeslot

 United Kingdom
Channel 5[19]
25/10/2012
21:00

 Brazil
 Mexico
Space[20]
14/01/2013
22:00

 Chile
Space[20]
14/01/2013
22:00
The episodes have been split on Channel 5 and Space into hour-long segments rather than playing the two hours straight.

 Finland
Yle TV2
04/05/2014
21:00
Series are five parts and shown weekly.

 France
Canal+
21/07/2013
21:00

 Greece
Mega Channel
07/01/2014
22:30

 Iran
First Channel[21]
27/12/2014
22:15

 Ireland
TG4
04/09/2015
22:40

text: Home video release[edit]

text: The series was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc formats on July 31, 2012. The bonus material includes a music video of "I Know These Hills" from Kevin Costner and Modern West from their album Famous for Killing Each Other: Music From and Inspired By Hatfields & McCoys.[22]