document_title: Georgia Bulldogs football

question_text: who did georgia play in the national championship

root

text: Georgia Bulldogs football

text: History

text: Conference affiliations

text: Georgia was a founding member of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association, one of the first collegiate athletic conferences formed in the United States. Georgia participated in the SIAA from its establishment in 1895 until 1921. During its tenure in the SIAA, Georgia was conference co-champion in two years, 1896 and 1920.[7] In 1921, the Bulldogs, along with 12 other teams, left the SIAA and formed the Southern Conference.[8] During its time in the Southern Conference, the team never won a conference championship. In 1932, the Georgia Bulldogs left the Southern Conference to form and join the SEC, where Georgia has won the second-most SEC football championships, with 13, behind Alabama (24) and tied with Tennessee.[9][better source needed]

tag: p

text:
Independent (1891–1895)
Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association (1896–1920)
Southern Conference (1921–1932)
Southeastern Conference (1933–present)

tag: ul

text: Head coaches

text: Head coaches of the Bulldogs dating from 1892.[10][better source needed]

text:
No.
Name
Seasons
Record
Pct.

1
Charles Herty
1892
1–1
.500

2
Ernest Brown
1893
2–2–1
.500

3
Robert Winston
1894
5–1
.833

4
Glenn "Pop" Warner
1895–1896
7–4
.636

5
Charles McCarthy
1897–1898
6–3
.667

6
Gordon Saussy
1899
2–3–1
.417

7
E. E. Jones
1900
2–4
.333

8
Billy Reynolds
1901–1902
5–7–3
.433

9, 11
Marvin D. Dickinson
1903, 1905
4–9
.308

10
Charles A. Barnard
1904
1–5
.167

12
W. S. Whitney
1906–1907
6–7–2
.467

13
Branch Bocock
1908
5–2–1
.688

14 & 15
James Coulter & Frank Dobson
1909
1–4–2
.286

16
W. A. Cunningham
1910–1919
43–18–9
.679

17
Herman Stegeman
1920–1922
20–6–3
.741

18
George "Kid" Woodruff
1923–1927
30–16–1
.649

19
Harry Mehre
1928–1937
59–34–6
.626

20
Joel Hunt
1938
5–4–1
.550

21
Wally Butts
1939–1960
140–86–9
.615

22
Johnny Griffith
1961–1963
10–16–4
.400

23
Vince Dooley
1964–1988
201–77–10
.715

24
Ray Goff
1989–1995
46–34–1
.574

25
Jim Donnan
1996–2000
40–19
.678

26
Mark Richt
2001–2015
145–51
.740

27
Kirby Smart
2016–present
21–6
.769

tag: table

text: Coaching awards

text: Amos Alonzo Stagg Award

text: Paul "Bear" Bryant Award

text: Broyles Award

text:
College Football Hall of Fame

Glenn "Pop" Warner, inducted in 1951
Joel Hunt, inducted in 1967
Wally Butts, inducted in 1997
Vince Dooley, inducted in 1995

text: Nicknames

text: The first mention of "Bulldogs" in association with Georgia athletics occurred on November 28, 1901, at the Georgia-Auburn football game played in Atlanta. The Georgia fans had a badge saying "Eat `em Georgia" and a picture of a bulldog tearing a piece of cloth"; however, it was not until 1920 that the nickname "Bulldog" was used to describe the athletic teams at the University of Georgia. Traditionally, the choice of a Bulldog as the UGA mascot was attributed to the alma mater of its founder and first president, Abraham Baldwin, who graduated from Yale University.[11] Prior to that time, Georgia teams were usually known as the "Red and Black." On November 3, 1920, Morgan Blake of the Atlanta Journal wrote a story about school nicknames and proposed:

text: The Georgia Bulldogs would sound good because there is a certain dignity about a bulldog, as well as ferocity.[12]

text: After a 0-0 tie with Virginia in Charlottesville on Nov. 6, 1920, Atlanta Constitution writer Cliff Wheatley used the name "Bulldogs" in his story five times. The name has been used ever since.

text: Traditions

text:
"Between the Hedges" Legendary sports writer Grantland Rice coined the term that famously describes the home of the Bulldogs in the 1930s in reference to the famous English privet hedges that have surrounded the Sanford Stadium turf since its inaugural game against Yale in 1929. The original hedges were removed in 1996 in preparation for the women's soccer matches hosted at Sanford Stadium for the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games. Offshoots of the original hedges were planted shortly after the games. The Hedges also serve as a crowd control measure, as they contain a fence inside of them. In fact, only once have Georgia fans been able to rush the field, that following a victory over Tennessee in 2000.[13]
Uga (pronounced UH-guh) is the name of a lineage of white Bulldogs which have served as the mascot of the University of Georgia since 1956. The current mascot, "Que", officially took the role of Uga X on October 23, 2015, shortly before Uga IX, or "Russ", died after four years serving as the mascot.[14] Deceased Ugas are interred in a mausoleum near the main entrance to Sanford Stadium. Georgia is the only school to bury its past mascots inside the football stadium.[15]
Glory, Glory is the rally song for the Georgia Bulldogs and was sung at football games as early as the 1890s. The rally song was arranged in its current form by Georgia professor Hugh Hodgson in 1915. While "Glory, Glory" is the most commonly played Georgia song, the school's official fight song is "Hail To Georgia" which is played after field goals.[15]
The ringing of the Chapel Bell after a Georgia victory started in the 1890s when the playing field was located near the Chapel and freshmen were compelled to ring the Chapel's bell until midnight to celebrate the victory.[12] Today, freshmen are no longer required to do the chore, with students, alumni, and fans taking their place.
"The Battle Hymn of the Bulldog Nation" is a slowed down version of The Battle Hymn of the Republic arranged in 1987 and is a hallowed song played pregame and postgame by the Redcoat Band. A lone trumpeter in the southwest corner of Sanford Stadium plays the first few notes, after which the entire band joins in and a video montage, narrated by longtime Georgia radio broadcaster Larry Munson, is played that highlights the many great moments of Georgia football history. It is custom for fans to stand, remove their hats, and point towards the lone trumpeter as he plays the initial notes. This tradition is considered the climax of the Redcoat Band pregame show and was introduced before the 2000 season.[16]
"How 'bout them Dawgs" is a slogan of recent vintage that first surfaced in the late 1970s and has become a battle cry of Bulldog fans.[12] The slogan received national attention and exposure when Georgia won the national championship in 1980 and wire services proclaimed "how 'bout them dogs".
Silver britches – When Wally Butts was named head coach in 1939, he changed the uniform by adding silver-colored pants to the bright-red jersey already in use. The "silver britches" became very popular, and were a source of multiple fan chants and sign references over the years, the most well-known being "Go You Silver Britches". When he was hired in 1964, Vince Dooley changed Georgia's uniform to use white pants, but reinstated the silver pants prior to Georgia's 1980 national championship season. Georgia's use of the "silver britches" continues to the present day.[15]
The "Dawg Walk" is a tradition that features the football players walking through a gathering of fans and the Redcoat Band near the Tate Student Center as they enter Sanford Stadium. Vince Dooley began the tradition, originally leading the team into the stadium from the East Campus Road side. Ray Goff changed the Dawg Walk to its current location in the 1990s, but eventually discontinued the practice altogether. Mark Richt revived it starting with the 2001 season, and it continues to the present day.[17]

text: Uniforms

text: Georgia's standard home uniform has not significantly changed since 1980, and consists of a red helmet with the trademarked oval G, red jerseys, and famous silver britches.[15]

text: Wally Butts first introduced the "silver britches", as they are colloquially known, in 1939. When Vince Dooley became Georgia's head coach, he changed the team's home uniform to include white pants. The uniform was changed back to silver pants prior to the 1980 season, and has remained silver ever since.[15]

text: Georgia's earliest helmet was grey leather, to which a red block "G" logo was added in 1961. The shirts were usually red, sometimes with various striping patterns. Their uniforms in the pre-World War II era varied at times, sometimes significantly. Photographic evidence suggests that black shirts, vests, and stripes of various patterns were worn at times over the years.

text: Vince Dooley was the first to incorporate a red helmet into the uniform in 1964, adopting the oval "G", a white stripe, and white facemasks. Anne Donaldson, who graduated from Georgia with a BFA degree and was married to Georgia assistant coach John Donaldson, was asked by Dooley to come up with a new helmet design to replace the previous silver helmet. Dooley liked the forward oriented stylized "G" Donaldson produced, and it was adopted by him. Since the Georgia "G" was similar to the Green Bay Packers' "G" used since 1961, Coach Dooley cleared its use with the Packers organization. Nonetheless, Georgia has a registered trademark for its "G" and the Packers' current, redesigned, "G" logo is modeled after the University of Georgia's redesign of Green Bay's original "G" logo. The helmet change was part of a drastic uniform redesign by Dooley, who also replaced the traditional silver pants with white pants that included a black-red-black stripe. The jerseys remained similar to the pre-1964 design, however, with a red jersey and white numbers.

text: Prior to the 1980 season, the "silver britches" were re-added to Georgia's uniform with a red-white-black stripe down the side. Since the 1980 season, Georgia has utilized the same basic uniform concept. The sleeve stripes, trim colors, and font on Georgia's home and away jerseys have varied many times, but the home jerseys have remained generally red with white numbers, and away jerseys have remained generally white with black numbers.

text: The most recent trim redesign occurred in 2005, when sleeve stripe patterns were dropped in favor of solid black jersey cuffs on the home jersey and solid red cuffs on the away jersey. Matte gray pants have also been used at times instead of "true" silver since 2004, mainly because the matte gray pants are of a lighter material.

text: One of the things that make Georgia's uniform unique is its relative longevity, and the fact that it has very rarely changed over the years. There have been occasions, however, when alternate uniforms have been worn.

text:
Red pants were used instead of silver as part of Georgia's away uniform at various times during the 1980s.
Black facemasks and a white-black-white helmet stripe were worn during the 1991 Independence Bowl.
Black pants were used instead of silver as part of Georgia's away uniform during the 1998 Outback Bowl and home uniform during[18] the 1998 Florida game.
Black jerseys were worn instead of red as part of Georgia's home uniform in games against Auburn and Hawaii during the 2007 season, in 2008 against Alabama and in 2016 against Louisiana-Lafayette.[19]
A unique away uniform was worn against Florida in 2009. This uniform included black helmets with red facemasks, a white stripe, and the traditional oval "G" logo; white jerseys with black numbers; and black pants.[20]
For the 2011 Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game against Boise State in the Georgia Dome, Georgia wore a Nike Pro Combat uniform that was significantly different from the traditional home uniforms. The Nike Pro Combat uniforms used a non-traditional matte-finish red color, and included the following:[21]

Silver helmets with a large red stripe and traditional oval "G" logo
Black facemasks with a large red stripe in the middle, mirroring the red stripe on the helmet
Two-tone red jerseys with black sleeves, trim, and numbers
The word "Georgia" on the back of the jerseys instead of players' names
Red pants

text: Rivalries

text: The Bulldogs have three main football rivals: Auburn, Florida, and Georgia Tech. All three rivalries were first contested over 100 years ago, though the series records are disputed in two cases. Georgia does not include two games from 1943 and 1944 against Georgia Tech (both UGA losses) in its reckoning of the series record, because Georgia's players were in World War II and Georgia Tech's players were not. Georgia also includes a game against one of the four predecessor institutions of the modern University of Florida in 1904 (a Georgia win) that national sportswriters[22][23][24] and Florida's athletic association do not include.

text: Georgia has long-standing football rivalries with other universities as well, with over 50 games against five additional teams. Since the formation of the SEC Eastern Division in 1992, Georgia has had an emerging rivalry with the Tennessee Volunteers. The Georgia–South Carolina football rivalry has been a game of increasing importance; South Carolina won the SEC Eastern Division Championship in 2010, Georgia in 2011 and 2012.

text:
Rivalry
Rival
Games played
First meeting
Last meeting
UGA won
UGA lost
Ties
UGA %
Streak
Most recent win

Deep South's Oldest Rivalry
Auburn Tigers
122
1892
2017
58
56
8
.508
1 win
2017, 28-7

Clean, Old-Fashioned Hate
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets
111
1893
2017
66
41
5
.618
1 win
2017, 38-7

Florida–Georgia football rivalry
Florida Gators
95
1915
2017
50
43
2
.536
1 win
2017, 42–7

Georgia–Vanderbilt football rivalry
Vanderbilt Commodores
77
1893
2017
56
20
2
.727
1 win
2017, 45–14

Georgia–South Carolina football rivalry
South Carolina Gamecocks
69
1894
2017
50
18
2
.725
3 wins
2017, 24–10

Clemson–Georgia football rivalry
Clemson Tigers
64
1897
2014
42
18
4
.651
1 win
2014, 45–21

Georgia–Tennessee football rivalry
Tennessee Volunteers
47
1899
2017
22
23
2
.478
1 win
2017, 41–0

text: Bowl games

text: The Bulldogs have played in 54 bowl games, tied for second all-time. UGA has a bowl record of 31–20–3. Their 31 wins rank the Dawgs third all-time in bowl wins. [25] They have played in a record 17 different bowls including appearances in five of the New Years Six Bowl Games (2 Rose, 3 Orange, 3 Cotton, 5 Peach and 9 Sugar Bowls) and an appearance in the 2018 College Football Playoff National Championship.

text:
Georgia Bulldogs bowl games by year

W/L/T
Date
Bowl
Opponent
PF
PA
Coach

W
1942-01-01
Orange Bowl
TCU
40
26
Wally Butts

W
1943-01-01
Rose Bowl
UCLA
9
0
Wally Butts

W
1946-01-01
Oil Bowl
Tulsa
20
6
Wally Butts

W
1947-01-01
Sugar Bowl
North Carolina
20
10
Wally Butts

T
1948-01-01
Gator Bowl
Maryland
20
20
Wally Butts

L
1949-01-01
Orange Bowl
Texas
28
41
Wally Butts

L
1950-12-09
Presidential Cup
Texas A&M
20
40
Wally Butts

W
1960-01-01
Orange Bowl
Missouri
14
0
Wally Butts

Wally Butts's bowl record: 5–2–1

W
1964-12-26
Sun Bowl
Texas Tech
7
0
Vince Dooley

W
1966-12-31
Cotton Bowl Classic
SMU
24
9
Vince Dooley

L
1967-12-16
Liberty Bowl
NC State
7
14
Vince Dooley

L
1969-01-01
Sugar Bowl
Arkansas
2
16
Vince Dooley

L
1969-12-20
Sun Bowl
Nebraska
6
45
Vince Dooley

W
1971-12-31
Gator Bowl
North Carolina
7
3
Vince Dooley

W
1973-12-28
Peach Bowl
Maryland
17
16
Vince Dooley

L
1974-12-21
Tangerine Bowl
Miami (Ohio)
10
21
Vince Dooley

L
1976-01-01
Cotton Bowl Classic
Arkansas
10
31
Vince Dooley

L
1977-01-01
Sugar Bowl
Pittsburgh
3
27
Vince Dooley

L
1978-12-31
Astro-Bluebonnet Bowl
Stanford
22
25
Vince Dooley

W
1981-01-01
Sugar Bowl
Notre Dame
17
10
Vince Dooley

L
1982-01-01
Sugar Bowl
Pittsburgh
20
24
Vince Dooley

L
1983-01-01
Sugar Bowl
Penn State
23
27
Vince Dooley

W
1984-01-01
Cotton Bowl Classic
Texas
10
9
Vince Dooley

T
1984-12-22
Citrus Bowl
Florida State
17
17
Vince Dooley

T
1985-12-28
Sun Bowl
Arizona
13
13
Vince Dooley

L
1986-12-23
Hall of Fame Bowl
Boston College
24
27
Vince Dooley

W
1987-12-29
Liberty Bowl
Arkansas
20
17
Vince Dooley

W
1989-01-01
Gator Bowl
Michigan State
34
27
Vince Dooley

Vince Dooley's bowl record: 8–10–2

L
1989-12-30
Peach Bowl
Syracuse
18
19
Ray Goff

W
1991-12-29
Independence Bowl
Arkansas
24
15
Ray Goff

W
1993-01-01
Florida Citrus Bowl
Ohio State
21
14
Ray Goff

L
1995-12-30
Peach Bowl
Virginia
27
34
Ray Goff

Ray Goff's bowl record: 2–2

W
1998-01-01
Outback Bowl
Wisconsin
33
6
Jim Donnan

W
1998-12-30
Peach Bowl
Virginia
35
33
Jim Donnan

W
2000-01-01
Outback Bowl
Purdue
28
25
Jim Donnan

W
2000-12-24
Oahu Bowl
Virginia
37
14
Jim Donnan

Jim Donnan's bowl record: 4–0

L
2001-12-28
Music City Bowl
Boston College
16
20
Mark Richt

W
2003-01-01
Sugar Bowl
Florida State
26
13
Mark Richt

W
2004-01-01
Capital One Bowl
Purdue
34
27
Mark Richt

W
2005-01-01
Outback Bowl
Wisconsin
24
21
Mark Richt

L
2006-01-01
Sugar Bowl
West Virginia
35
38
Mark Richt

W
2006-12-30
Chick-fil-A Bowl
Virginia Tech
31
24
Mark Richt

W
2008-01-01
Sugar Bowl
Hawaii
41
10
Mark Richt

W
2009-01-01
Capital One Bowl
Michigan State
24
12
Mark Richt

W
2009-12-28
Independence Bowl
Texas A&M
44
20
Mark Richt

L
2010-12-31
Liberty Bowl
Central Florida
6
10
Mark Richt

L
2012-01-02
Outback Bowl
Michigan State
30
33
Mark Richt

W
2013-01-01
Capital One Bowl
Nebraska
45
31
Mark Richt

L
2014-01-01
Gator Bowl
Nebraska
19
24
Mark Richt

W
2014-12-30
Belk Bowl
Louisville
37
14
Mark Richt

Mark Richt's bowl record: 9–5

W
2016-01-02
TaxSlayer Bowl
Penn State
24
17
Bryan McClendon (interim)

Bryan McClendon's bowl record: 1–0

W
2016-12-30
Liberty Bowl
TCU
31
23
Kirby Smart

W
2018-01-01
Rose Bowl
Oklahoma
54
48
Kirby Smart

L
2018-01-08
CFP National Championship
Alabama
23
26
Kirby Smart

Kirby Smart's bowl record: 2–1

Overall bowl record: 31–20–3

text:
Georgia Bulldog bowl games: all-time records by bowl

Bowl
Record
Appearances
Last appearance
Winning %

Belk Bowl
(formerly Continental Tire Bowl and Meineke Car Care Bowl)
1–0
1
2014 season
1.000

Bluebonnet Bowl (defunct)
0–1
1
1978 season
.000

Capital One Bowl
(formerly Tangerine Bowl and Citrus Bowl)
4–1–1
6
2012 season
.750

Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl
3–2
5
2006 season
.600

Cotton Bowl Classic
2–1
3
1983 season
.667

Independence Bowl
2–0
2
2009 season
1.000

Liberty Bowl
2–2
4
2016 season
.500

Music City Bowl
0–1
1
2001 season
.000

Oahu Bowl (defunct)
1–0
1
2000 season
1.000

Oil Bowl (defunct)
1–0
1
1945 season
1.000

Outback Bowl
(formerly Hall of Fame Bowl)
3–2
5
2011 season
.600

Orange Bowl
2–1
3
1959 season
.667

Presidential Cup Bowl (defunct)
0–1
1
1950 season
.000

Rose Bowl
2–0
2
2018 season
1.000

Sugar Bowl
4–5
9
2007 season
.444

Sun Bowl
1–1–1
3
1985 season
.500

Taxslayer Bowl (formerly Gator Bowl)
3–1–1
5
2015 season
.600

text: Recruiting

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Georgia's football teams have benefited from strong recruiting classes. The table below shows their national class rankings since 2002.

text:
Georgia Bulldogs recruiting class rankings

Year
24/7Sports.com
Rivals.com
ESPN.com
Commits
Top commit

2017
3
3
3
26
Isaiah Wilson, OT

2016
7
10
7
20
Jacob Eason, QB

2015
6
7
8
29
Trenton Thompson, DT

2014
8
7
9
21
Sony Michel, RB

2013
12
12
10
33
Tray Matthews, S

2012
8
12
5
29
John Theus, OT

2011
6
5
6
26
Ray Drew, DE

2010
11
15
12
19
Alec Ogletree, LB

2009
5
6
6
20
Branden Smith, CB

2008
7
7
5
23
A.J. Green, WR

2007
9
9
13
23
Aron White, TE

2006
3
4
4
27
Matthew Stafford, QB

2005
6
10

19
Mohamed Massaquoi, WR

2004
7
9

19
Brandon Miller, LB

2003
9
6

24
Paul Oliver, CB

2002
9
3

29
Marquis Elmore, LB

text: Championships

text: Claimed national championships

text: Georgia has claimed two national championships.[28][29][30]

text:
Year
Coach
Selector
Record
Bowl
Opponent
Result

1942
Wally Butts
Houlgate, Sagarin, Litkenhous
11–1
Rose Bowl
UCLA
W 9–0

1980
Vince Dooley
Coaches' Poll, AP Poll
12–0
Sugar Bowl
Notre Dame
W 17–10

text:
1942 – 11–1 Georgia was chosen as champion by at least half of the recognized polls. Georgia was led by All-Americans Frank Sinkwich and end George Poschner, along with a young back named Charley Trippi. The Bulldogs knocked off 9 consecutive opponents and ranked No. 1 in the nation. Georgia earned a Rose Bowl bid after it blanked Georgia Tech 34–0 in Athens to end the regular season. Georgia then edged UCLA 9–0 in the Rose Bowl.
1980 – The Bulldogs beat Notre Dame 17–10 in the Sugar Bowl to finish 12–0 and claim the National Championship. Notable contributors during the season included Herschel Walker, Buck Belue, and Lindsay Scott (Georgia was listed first by AP, Berryman, FACT, FB News, FW, Helms, National Championship Foundation, NFF, Poling, Sporting News, and UPI).

text: Unclaimed national championships

text: Additional seasons with selections appearing in the NCAA Record Book.[31]:111–115

text:
Year
Coach
Selector
Record
Bowl
Opponent
Result

1927
George Cecil Woodruff
Boand, Poling, Berryman
9–1
none

1946
Wally Butts
Williamson System
11–0
Sugar Bowl
North Carolina
W 20–0

1968
Vince Dooley
Litkenhous
8–1–2
Sugar Bowl
Arkansas
L 2–16

text: 1927- Georgia's famous Dream and Wonder team led by George Woodruff went 9-1. This team was noted for having a win over 1920s power, Yale, in Connecticut. Georgia was ranked #1 going into its final game against rival Georgia Tech, where they were upset 12-0 in the rain. Even so, Georgia finished the season ranked #1 in two minor polls.

text: 1946- Fueled by the return of Charley Trippi, the 1946 SEC Champion Bulldogs went 10-0, including a 20-10 win over North Carolina in the Sugar Bowl. Notre Dame finished the season ranked #1 in the majority of the polls, but the Williamson poll recognized Georgia as #1.

text: 1968- The 1968 Bulldogs won Vince Dooley's second SEC Championship as head coach, and finished the season undefeated. However the 8-0-2 Bulldogs tied twice, and then lost to Arkansas in the Sugar Bowl. The Litkenhous poll recognized them as National Champions.

text: Conference championships

text: Georgia has won a total of 15 conference championships. The school's 13 Southeastern Conference Championships rank it second all time in SEC history, tied with Tennessee behind only Alabama. [32]

text:
Year
Conference
Coach
Overall record
Conference record

1896†
SIAA
Glenn "Pop" Warner
4–0
3-0

1920†
SIAA
Herman Stegeman
8–0–1
8-0

1942
SEC
Wally Butts
11–1
6–1

1946†
SEC
Wally Butts
11–0
5–0

1948
SEC
Wally Butts
9–2
6–0

1959
SEC
Wally Butts
10–1
7–0

1966†
SEC
Vince Dooley
10–1
6–0

1968
SEC
Vince Dooley
8–1–2
5–0–1

1976
SEC
Vince Dooley
10–2
5-1

1980
SEC
Vince Dooley
12–0
6–0

1981†
SEC
Vince Dooley
10–2
6–0

1982
SEC
Vince Dooley
11–1
6–0

2002
SEC
Mark Richt
13–1
7–1

2005
SEC
Mark Richt
10–3
6–2

2017
SEC
Kirby Smart
12–1
7–1

† Denotes co-champions

text: Division championships

text: Georgia has won 8 SEC Eastern Division championships, and has made 6 appearances in the SEC Championship Game, most recently in 2017. The Dawgs are 3–3 in those games. Twice, in 1992 and 2007, Georgia was the Eastern Division co-champion, but lost a tiebreaker to appear in the championship game.

text:
Year
Division championship
SEC CG Opponent
Result

1992†
SEC East
Did Not Play

2002
SEC East
Arkansas
W 30-3

2003†
SEC East
LSU
L 13-34

2005
SEC East
LSU
W 34-14

2007†
SEC East
Did Not Play

2011
SEC East
LSU
L 10-42

2012†
SEC East
Alabama
L 28-32

2017
SEC East
Auburn
W 28-7

text: † Co-champions

text: Other

text:
Georgia's victory over Auburn on November 11, 2006 was the Bulldogs' 700th win.
Georgia's victory over Tennessee on September 30, 2017 was the Bulldogs' 800th win.[33]

text: Players

text: National award winners

text:
Heisman Trophy

Frank Sinkwich – 1942
Herschel Walker – 1982

Maxwell Award

Charley Trippi – 1946
Herschel Walker – 1982

Walter Camp Award

Herschel Walker – 1982

Bronko Nagurski Trophy

Champ Bailey – 1998

Chuck Bednarik Award

David Pollack – 2004

Doak Walker Award

Garrison Hearst – 1992

Draddy Trophy

Matt Stinchcomb – 1998

ESPY Award

Garrison Hearst – 1992

Lombardi Award

David Pollack – 2004

Lott Trophy

David Pollack – 2004

Outland Trophy

Bill Stanfill – 1968

Ted Hendricks Award

David Pollack – 2003, 2004

Ray Guy Award

Drew Butler – 2009

Paul Hornung Award

Brandon Boykin – 2011

Butkus Award

Roquan Smith – 2017

text: All-Americans

text: The Bulldogs have had 68 players selected as All-Americans.[34][better source needed] Of those 68 players, 25 were consensus All-Americans, as so-designated by NCAA rules.[35] While several players were selected in more than one year, only Frank Sinkwich, Herschel Walker, and David Pollack were selected as consensus All-Americans more than once.

text: The Georgia Bulldogs football players that have been selected as All-Americans are:

text:
Player
Position
Selected
Hometown

Bob McWhorter
Halfback
1913
Lexington, Georgia

David Paddock
Quarterback
1914
Brooklyn, New York

Joe Bennett
Tackle
1922, 1923
Statesboro, Georgia

Chick Shiver
End
1927
Sylvester, Georgia

Tom Nash
End
1927†
Washington, Georgia

Herb Maffett
End
1930
Atlanta, Georgia

Red Maddox
Guard
1930
Calhoun, Georgia

Vernon "Catfish" Smith
End
1931†
Macon, Georgia

John Bond
Halfback
1935
Toccoa, Georgia

Bill Hartman
Fullback
1937
Thomaston, Georgia

Frank Sinkwich
Halfback
1941,† 1942‡
McKees Rock, Pennsylvania

George Poschner
End
1942
Youngstown, Ohio

Mike Castronis
Tackle
1945
Jacksonville, Florida

Charley Trippi
Tailback
1946‡
Pittston, Pennsylvania

Herb St. John
Guard
1946
Jacksonville, Florida

Dan Edwards
End
1947
Gatesville, Texas

John Rauch
Quarterback
1948
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Harry Babcock
End
1952
Ocala, Florida

Zeke Bratkowski
Quarterback
1952, 1953
Danville, Illinois

Johnny Carson
End
1953
Atlanta, Georgia

Pat Dye
Guard
1959, 1960
Blythe, Georgia

Fran Tarkenton
Quarterback
1960
Athens, Georgia

Jim Wilson
Tackle
1964
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Ray Rissmiller
Tackle
1964
Easton, Pennsylvania

George Patton
Defensive tackle
1965
Tuscumbia, Alabama

Edgar Chandler
Offensive guard
1966, 1967†
Cedartown, Georgia

Lynn Hughes
Safety
1966
Atlanta, Georgia

Bill Stanfill
Defensive tackle
1968†
Cairo, Georgia

Jake Scott
Safety
1968†
Arlington, Virginia

Steve Greer
Defensive Guard
1969
Greer, South Carolina

Tommy Lyons
Center
1969, 1970
Atlanta, Georgia

Royce Smith
Offensive guard
1971‡
Savannah, Georgia

Craig Hertwig
Offensive tackle
1975
Macon, Georgia

Randy Johnson
Offensive guard
1975†
Rome, Georgia

Mike "Moonpie" Wilson
Offensive tackle
1976
Gainesville, Georgia

Joel Parrish
Offensive guard
1976†
Douglas, Georgia

Ben Zambiasi
Linebacker
1976
Macon, Georgia

Allan Leavitt
Placekicker
1976
Brooksville, Florida

George Collins
Offensive guard
1977
Warner Robins, Georgia

Bill Krug
Rover
1977
Washington, D.C.

Rex Robinson
Placekicker
1979, 1980
Marietta, Georgia

Scott Woerner
Cornerback
1980
Jonesboro, Georgia

Herschel Walker
Tailback
1980‡, 1981‡, 1982‡
Wrightsville, Georgia

Terry Hoage
Rover
1982†, 1983†
Huntsville, Texas

Jimmy Payne
Defensive tackle
1982
Athens, Georgia

Freddie Gilbert
Defensive end
1983
Griffin, Georgia

Kevin Butler
Placekicker
1983, 1984†
Stone Mountain, Georgia

Jeff Sanchez
Safety
1984†
Yorba Linda, California

Peter Anderson
Center
1985†
Vineland, New Jersey

John Little
Safety
1986
Lynn Haven, Florida

Wilbur Strozier
Offensive tackle
1986
LaGrange, Georgia

Tim Worley
Tailback
1988†
Lumberton, North Carolina

Troy Sadowski
Tight end
1988
Chamblee, Georgia

Garrison Hearst
Tailback
1992‡
Lincolnton, Georgia

Eric Zeier
Quarterback
1994
Marietta, Georgia

Matt Stinchcomb
Offensive tackle
1997, 1998†
Lilburn, Georgia

Champ Bailey
Cornerback
1998†
Folkston, Georgia

Richard Seymour
Defensive tackle
2000
Gadsden, South Carolina

Boss Bailey
Linebacker
2002
Folkston, Georgia

David Pollack
Defensive end
2002†,2003, 2004†
Snellville, Georgia

Jon Stinchcomb
Offensive tackle
2002
Lilburn, Georgia

Sean Jones
Rover
2003
Atlanta, Georgia

Thomas Davis
Free Safety
2004†
Cuthbert, Georgia

Greg Blue
Free Safety
2005†
College Park, Georgia

Max Jean-Gilles
Offensive guard
2005†
Miami, Florida

Knowshon Moreno
Tailback
2008
Belford, New Jersey

Drew Butler
Punter
2009‡
Duluth, Georgia

Rennie Curran
Linebacker
2009
Snellville, Georgia

Justin Houston
Linebacker
2010
Statesboro, Georgia

Bacarri Rambo
Free Safety
2011
Donalsonville, Georgia

Jarvis Jones
Linebacker
2011†, 2012‡
Columbus, Georgia

Roquan Smith
Linebacker
2017‡
Montezuma, Georgia

† Designates a consensus All-American
‡ Designates a consensus All-American that was selected by a unanimous vote

text: Current notable players

text:
Nick Chubb, Running back, SR – One of two standout running backs for the Bulldogs along with Sony Michel. In eight starts, Chubb gained 1,547 rushing yards on 219 carries (7.1 YPC), and had 18 receptions for 213 receiving yards for a total of 16 touchdowns (14 rushing, 2 receiving) his freshman year.[36] Chubb was a member of the 2014 Associated Press All-SEC Football Team (First Team Offense).[37] For the 2015 season, Chubb had gained 747 yards on the ground and 37 yards in the air for a total of 8 touchdowns before suffering a season-ending knee injury on the first play from scrimmage in week 6 at Tennessee. He is scheduled to return for the 2016 season after recovering from a torn PCL as well as damage to two other ligaments and cartilage.
Sony Michel, Running back, SR – After a promising freshman season inhibited by a shoulder injury, Michel became the lead RB after starter Nick Chubb went down with a knee injury in 2015. Michel gained over 1300 yards from scrimmage, including 1076 rushing yards, for a total of 10 touchdowns on the season.[38] A versatile player, Michel has the ability to play both the running back and wide receiver positions in each game.
Dominick Sanders, Safety, SR – In the 2014 season, Sanders was the only true freshman to start every game for DC Jeremy Pruitt. Known for his big play ability, Sanders made 3 interceptions and returned a fumble 54 yards for a touchdown in the regular season, and also recorded 2 interceptions in the Belk Bowl vs Louisville. In 2015, Sanders led the SEC with 6 interceptions including one for a touchdown, and also recorded 48 total tackles and a sack for the Bulldogs.[39] Sanders was named to the Second Team All-SEC for 2015.[40]
Jacob Eason, Quarterback, SO – Eason comes to UGA as one of the highest profile recruits for the class of 2016. As a 5-star pro-style quarterback, Eason is arguably the top recruit at his position and is expected to be the starter for the Bulldogs almost immediately.

text: Retired numbers

text:
Player
Position
Pos
Tenure

21
Frank Sinkwich
HB
1941–43

34
Herschel Walker
RB
1980–82

40
Theron Sapp
RB
1955–58

62
Charley Trippi
HB
1942–48

text: College Football Hall of Fame

text: Seventeen former Georgia players and coaches have been inducted in the College Football Hall of Fame.[15] In addition, one former player, Pat Dye, has been inducted into the Hall as a coach for Auburn.[41] The 17 individuals from Georgia inducted into the Hall are:

text: Players

text:
Player
Position
Years
Induction

Bob McWhorter
HB
1910–13
1954

Frank Sinkwich
HB
1940–42
1954

Charley Trippi
HB
1942, 1945–46
1959

Vernon "Catfish" Smith
E
1929–31
1979

Bill Hartman
FB
1935–37
1984

Fran Tarkenton
QB
1958–60
1987

Bill Stanfill
DT
1966–68
1998

Herschel Walker
RB
1980–82
1999

Terry Hoage
S
1980–83
2000

Kevin Butler
PK
1981–84
2001

John Rauch
QB
1945–48
2003

Jake Scott
FS
1966–68
2011

Matt Stinchcomb
OT
1995-98
2018

text: Coaches

text:
Coach
Years at Georgia
Induction

Glenn "Pop" Warner
1895–96
1951

Vince Dooley
1964–88
1994

Wally Butts
1939–60
1997

Jim Donnan
1996–2000
2009

text: Future opponents

text: Non-division opponents

text: Georgia plays Auburn as a permanent non-division opponent annually and rotates around the West division among the other six schools.[42]

text:
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025

vs Auburn
at Auburn
vs Auburn
at Auburn
vs Auburn
at Auburn
vs Auburn
at Auburn

at LSU
vs Texas A&M
at Alabama
vs Arkansas
at Mississippi State
vs Ole Miss
at Texas A&M
vs LSU

text: Non-conference opponents

text: Announced schedules as of July 28, 2017[43]

text:
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026

vs Middle Tennessee
vs Arkansas State
vs Virginia (Atlanta)
at Georgia Tech
vs Kent State
at Georgia Tech
vs Georgia Tech
at UCLA
vs UCLA

vs. UMass
vs Notre Dame
vs ETSU

vs Georgia Tech

at Georgia Tech
vs Georgia Tech

vs Georgia Tech
at Georgia Tech
vs Georgia Tech

Austin Peay


document_title: List of Super Bowl head coaches

question_text: which nfl coach has the most superbowl wins

text: List of Super Bowl head coaches

text: Super Bowl head coaches[edit]

text:
Elected to Hall of Fame as Coach
Elected to Hall of Fame as Player
Active Coach

text: (Win number in parenthesis). [Loss number in brackets]. Click on heading arrows to sort table.

text:
Date
Super Bowl
Winning coach
Team
Opponent
Losing coach
Score
Site

January 15, 1967
I
Lombardi, VinceVince Lombardi
Green Bay Packers A !Green Bay Packers
Kansas City Chiefs
Stram, HankHank Stram
35–10
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles

January 14, 1968
II
Lombardi, VinceVince Lombardi (2)
Green Bay Packers B !Green Bay Packers
Oakland Raiders A !Oakland Raiders
Rauch, JohnJohn Rauch
33–14
Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida

January 12, 1969
III
Ewbank, WeebWeeb Ewbank
New York Jets
Indianapolis Colts A !Baltimore Colts
Shula, DonDon Shula
16–07 !16–7
Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida

January 11, 1970
IV
Stram, HankHank Stram
Kansas City Chiefs
Minnesota Vikings A !Minnesota Vikings
Grant, BudBud Grant
23–07 !23–7
Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana

January 17, 1971
V
McCafferty, DonDon McCafferty
Indianapolis Colts A !Baltimore Colts
Dallas Cowboys A !Dallas Cowboys
Landry, TomTom Landry
16–13
Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida

January 16, 1972
VI
Landry, TomTom Landry
Dallas Cowboys A !Dallas Cowboys
Miami Dolphins A !Miami Dolphins
Shula, DonDon Shula [2]
24–03 !24–3
Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana

January 14, 1973
VII
Shula, DonDon Shula
Miami Dolphins A !Miami Dolphins
Washington Redskins A !Washington Redskins
Allen , GeorgeGeorge Allen
14–07 !14–7
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in Los Angeles

January 13, 1974
VIII
Shula, DonDon Shula (2)
Miami Dolphins B !Miami Dolphins
Minnesota Vikings B !Minnesota Vikings
Grant, BudBud Grant [2]
24–07 !24–7
Rice Stadium in Houston, Texas

January 12, 1975
IX
Noll, ChuckChuck Noll
Pittsburgh Steelers A !Pittsburgh Steelers
Minnesota Vikings C !Minnesota Vikings
Grant, BudBud Grant [3]
16–06 !16–6
Tulane Stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana

January 18, 1976
X
Noll, ChuckChuck Noll (2)
Pittsburgh Steelers B !Pittsburgh Steelers
Dallas Cowboys B !Dallas Cowboys
Landry, TomTom Landry [2]
21–17
Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida

January 9, 1977
XI
Madden, JohnJohn Madden
Oakland Raiders A !Oakland Raiders
Minnesota Vikings D !Minnesota Vikings
Grant, BudBud Grant [4]
32–14
Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California

January 15, 1978
XII
Landry, TomTom Landry (2)
Dallas Cowboys B !Dallas Cowboys
Denver Broncos A !Denver Broncos
Miller, RedRed Miller
27–10
Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana

January 21, 1979
XIII
Noll, ChuckChuck Noll (3)
Pittsburgh Steelers C !Pittsburgh Steelers
Dallas Cowboys C !Dallas Cowboys
Landry, TomTom Landry [3]
35–31
Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida

January 20, 1980
XIV
Noll, ChuckChuck Noll (4)
Pittsburgh Steelers D !Pittsburgh Steelers
St. Louis Rams A !Los Angeles Rams
Malavasi, RayRay Malavasi
31–19
Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California

January 25, 1981
XV
Flores, TomTom Flores
Oakland Raiders B !Oakland Raiders
Philadelphia Eagles A !Philadelphia Eagles
Vermeil, DickDick Vermeil
27–10
Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana

January 24, 1982
XVI
Walsh, BillBill Walsh
San Francisco 49ers A !San Francisco 49ers
Cincinnati Bengals A !Cincinnati Bengals
Gregg, ForrestForrest Gregg
26–21
Pontiac Silverdome in Pontiac, Michigan

January 30, 1983
XVII
Gibbs, JoeJoe Gibbs
Washington Redskins A !Washington Redskins
Miami Dolphins B !Miami Dolphins
Shula, DonDon Shula [3]
27–17
Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California

January 22, 1984
XVIII
Flores, TomTom Flores (2)
Oakland Raiders C !Los Angeles Raiders
Washington Redskins B !Washington Redskins
Gibbs, JoeJoe Gibbs
38–09 !38–9
Tampa Stadium in Tampa, Florida

January 20, 1985
XIX
Walsh, BillBill Walsh (2)
San Francisco 49ers B !San Francisco 49ers
Miami Dolphins C !Miami Dolphins
Shula, DonDon Shula [4]
38–16
Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto, California

January 26, 1986
XX
Ditka, MikeMike Ditka
Chicago Bears
New England Patriots A !New England Patriots
Berry, RaymondRaymond Berry
46–10
Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana

January 25, 1987
XXI
Parcells, BillBill Parcells
New York Giants A !New York Giants
Denver Broncos B !Denver Broncos
Reeves, DanDan Reeves
39–20
Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California

January 31, 1988
XXII
Gibbs, JoeJoe Gibbs (2)
Washington Redskins B !Washington Redskins
Denver Broncos C !Denver Broncos
Reeves, DanDan Reeves [2]
42–10
Jack Murphy Stadium in San Diego, California

January 22, 1989
XXIII
Walsh, BillBill Walsh (3)
San Francisco 49ers C !San Francisco 49ers
Cincinnati Bengals B !Cincinnati Bengals
Wyche, SamSam Wyche
20–16
Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami, Florida

January 28, 1990
XXIV
Seifert, GeorgeGeorge Seifert
San Francisco 49ers D !San Francisco 49ers
Denver Broncos D !Denver Broncos
Reeves, DanDan Reeves [3]
55–10
Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana

January 27, 1991
XXV
Parcells, BillBill Parcells (2)
New York Giants B !New York Giants
Buffalo Bills A !Buffalo Bills
Levy, MarvMarv Levy
20–19
Tampa Stadium in Tampa, Florida

January 26, 1992
XXVI
Gibbs, JoeJoe Gibbs (3)
Washington Redskins C !Washington Redskins
Buffalo Bills B !Buffalo Bills
Levy, MarvMarv Levy [2]
37–24
Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, Minnesota

January 31, 1993
XXVII
Johnson, JimmyJimmy Johnson
Dallas Cowboys C !Dallas Cowboys
Buffalo Bills C !Buffalo Bills
Levy, MarvMarv Levy [3]
52–17
Rose Bowl Stadium in Pasadena, California

January 30, 1994
XXVIII
Johnson, JimmyJimmy Johnson (2)
Dallas Cowboys D !Dallas Cowboys
Buffalo Bills D !Buffalo Bills
Levy, MarvMarv Levy [4]
30–13
Georgia Dome in Atlanta

January 29, 1995
XXIX
Seifert, GeorgeGeorge Seifert (2)
San Francisco 49ers E !San Francisco 49ers
San Diego Chargers
Ross, BobbyBobby Ross
49–26
Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami, Florida

January 28, 1996
XXX
Switzer, BarryBarry Switzer
Dallas Cowboys E !Dallas Cowboys
Pittsburgh Steelers A !Pittsburgh Steelers
Cowher, BillBill Cowher
27–17
Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona

January 26, 1997
XXXI
Holmgren, MikeMike Holmgren
Green Bay Packers C !Green Bay Packers
New England Patriots B !New England Patriots
Parcells, BillBill Parcells
35–21
Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana

January 25, 1998
XXXII
Shanahan, MikeMike Shanahan
Denver Broncos A !Denver Broncos
Green Bay Packers A !Green Bay Packers
Holmgren, MikeMike Holmgren
31–24
Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California

January 31, 1999
XXXIII
Shanahan, MikeMike Shanahan (2)
Denver Broncos B !Denver Broncos
Atlanta Falcons
Reeves, DanDan Reeves [4]
34–19
Pro Player Stadium in Miami, Florida

January 30, 2000
XXXIV
Vermeil, DickDick Vermeil
St. Louis Rams A !St. Louis Rams
Tennessee Titans
Fisher, JeffJeff Fisher
23–16
Georgia Dome in Atlanta

January 28, 2001
XXXV
Billick, BrianBrian Billick
Baltimore Ravens
New York Giants A !New York Giants
Fassel, JimJim Fassel
34–07 !34–7
Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida

February 3, 2002
XXXVI
Belichick, BillBill Belichick
New England Patriots A !New England Patriots
St. Louis Rams B !St. Louis Rams
Martz, MikeMike Martz
20–17
Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana

January 26, 2003
XXXVII
Gruden, JonJon Gruden
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Oakland Raiders B !Oakland Raiders
Callahan, BillBill Callahan
48–21
Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego, California

February 1, 2004
XXXVIII
Belichick, BillBill Belichick (2)
New England Patriots B !New England Patriots
Carolina Panthers
Fox, JohnJohn Fox
32–29
Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas

February 6, 2005
XXXIX
Belichick, BillBill Belichick (3)
New England Patriots C !New England Patriots
Philadelphia Eagles B !Philadelphia Eagles
Reid, AndyAndy Reid
24–21
Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida

February 5, 2006
XL
Cowher, BillBill Cowher
Pittsburgh Steelers E !Pittsburgh Steelers
Seattle Seahawks A !Seattle Seahawks
Holmgren, MikeMike Holmgren [2]
21–10
Ford Field in Detroit, Michigan

February 4, 2007
XLI
Dungy, TonyTony Dungy
Indianapolis Colts B !Indianapolis Colts
Chicago Bears
Smith, LovieLovie Smith
29–17
Dolphin Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida

February 3, 2008
XLII
Coughlin, TomTom Coughlin
New York Giants C !New York Giants
New England Patriots C !New England Patriots
Belichick, BillBill Belichick
17–14
University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona

February 1, 2009
XLIII
Tomlin, MikeMike Tomlin
Pittsburgh Steelers F !Pittsburgh Steelers
Arizona Cardinals
Whisenhunt, KenKen Whisenhunt
27–23
Raymond James Stadium in Tampa, Florida

February 7, 2010
XLIV
Payton, SeanSean Payton
New Orleans Saints
Indianapolis Colts B !Indianapolis Colts
Caldwell , JimJim Caldwell
31–17
Sun Life Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida

February 6, 2011
XLV
McCarthy, MikeMike McCarthy
Green Bay Packers D !Green Bay Packers
Pittsburgh Steelers B !Pittsburgh Steelers
Tomlin, MikeMike Tomlin
31–25
Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas

February 5, 2012
XLVI
Coughlin, TomTom Coughlin (2)
New York Giants D !New York Giants
New England Patriots D !New England Patriots
Belichick, BillBill Belichick [2]
21–17
Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, Indiana

February 3, 2013
XLVII
Harbaugh, JohnJohn Harbaugh
Baltimore Ravens D !Baltimore Ravens
San Francisco 49ers D !San Francisco 49ers
Harbaugh, JimJim Harbaugh
34–31
Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana

February 2, 2014
XLVIII
Carroll, PetePete Carroll
Seattle Seahawks A !Seattle Seahawks
Denver Broncos E !Denver Broncos
Fox, JohnJohn Fox [2]
43–8
MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey

February 1, 2015
XLIX
Belichick, BillBill Belichick (4)
New England Patriots H !New England Patriots
Seattle Seahawks B !Seattle Seahawks
Carroll, PetePete Carroll
28–24
University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona

February 7, 2016
L
Kubiak, GaryGary Kubiak
Denver Broncos C !Denver Broncos
Carolina Panthers B !Carolina Panthers
Rivera, RonRon Rivera
24–10
Levi's Stadium in Santa Clara, California

February 5, 2017
LI
Belichick, BillBill Belichick (5)
New England Patriots H !New England Patriots
Atlanta Falcons B !Atlanta Falcons
Quinn, DanDan Quinn
34–28 (OT)
NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas

February 4, 2018
LII
Pederson, DougDoug Pederson
Philadelphia Eagles
New England Patriots
Belichick, BillBill Belichick [3]
41-33
U.S. Bank Stadium in Minneapolis, Minnesota

text: Coaches with multiple Super Bowl appearances[edit]

text: The following NFL head coaches have coached in two or more Super Bowls.

text:
Sort chart by clicking arrows by heading.
In descending order, the tiebreakers are – 1) Better win percentage 2) Earliest Super Bowl

text:
Coaches listed by Games 1st, Wins 2nd, then Super Bowl number

Games
Coach
Wins
Losses
Percent
Super Bowls
Team(s)

8
Belichick, BillBill Belichick
5
2.9 ! 3
.675
s !XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLII, XLVI, XLIX, LI, LII
New England Patriots

6
Shula, DonDon Shula
2.1 ! 2
4.9 ! 4
.340 ! .333
c ! III, VI, VII, VIII, XVII, XIX
Baltimore Colts, Miami Dolphins

5
Landry, TomTom Landry
2.2 ! 2
3.9 ! 3
.400
e ! V, VI, X, XII, XIII
Dallas Cowboys

4
Noll, ChuckChuck Noll
4
0.9 ! 0
1.410 !1.000
f ! IX, X, XIII, XIV
Pittsburgh Steelers

Gibbs, JoeJoe Gibbs
3.8 ! 3
1.9 ! 1
.750
j ! XVII, XVIII, XXII, XXVI
Washington Redskins

Grant, BudBud Grant
.9 ! 0
4.8 ! 4
-7 ! .000
d ! IV, VIII, IX, XI
Minnesota Vikings

Levy, MarvMarv Levy
.8 ! 0
4.7 ! 4.8 ! 4
-6 ! .000
n  !XXV, XXVI, XXVII, XXVIII
Buffalo Bills

Reeves, DanDan Reeves
.7 ! 0
4.6 ! 4
-2 ! .000
l  ! XXI, XXII, XXIV, XXXIII
Denver Broncos, Atlanta Falcons

3
Walsh, BillBill Walsh
3.9 ! 3
0.8 ! 0
1.400 !1.000
i ! XVI, XIX, XXIII
San Francisco 49ers

Parcells, BillBill Parcells
2.3 ! 2
1.8 ! 1
.667
k ! XXI, XXV, XXXI
New York Giants, New England Patriots

Holmgren, MikeMike Holmgren
1.5 ! 1
2.8 ! 2
.339 ! .333
q ! XXXI, XXXII, XL
Green Bay Packers, Seattle Seahawks

2
Lombardi, VinceVince Lombardi
2.9 ! 2
0.7 ! 0
1.310 !1.000
a !I, II
Green Bay Packers

Flores, TomTom Flores
2.8 ! 2
0.6 ! 0
1.309 !1.000
g !XV, XVIII
Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders

Johnson, JimmyJimmy Johnson
2.7 ! 2
0.5 ! 0
1.308 !1.000
o ! XXVII, XXVIII
Dallas Cowboys

Seifert, GeorgeGeorge Seifert
2.6 ! 2
0.4 ! 0
1.307 !1.000
m ! XXIV, XXIX
San Francisco 49ers

Shanahan, MikeMike Shanahan
2.5 ! 2
0.3 ! 0
1.306 !1.000
r !XXXII, XXXIII
Denver Broncos

Coughlin, TomTom Coughlin
2.4 ! 2
0.2 ! 0
1.305 !1.000
t !XLII, XLVI
New York Giants

Stram, HankHank Stram
1.9 ! 1
1.7 ! 1
.510 ! .500
b !I, IV
Kansas City Chiefs

Vermeil, DickDick Vermeil
1.8 ! 1
1.6 ! 1
.509 ! .500
h ! XV, XXXIV
Philadelphia Eagles, St. Louis Rams

Cowher, BillBill Cowher
1.7 ! 1
1.5 ! 1
.508 ! .500
p !XXX, XL
Pittsburgh Steelers

Tomlin, MikeMike Tomlin
1.6 ! 1
1.4 ! 1
.507 ! .500
u !XLIII, XLV
Pittsburgh Steelers

Carroll, PetePete Carroll
1.6 ! 1
1.4 ! 1
.507 ! .500
v !XLVIII, XLIX
Seattle Seahawks

Fox, JohnJohn Fox
0.3 ! 0
1.5 ! 2
-3 ! .000
v !XXXVIII, XLVIII
Carolina Panthers, Denver Broncos


document_title: Heysel Stadium disaster

question_text: what years were english clubs banned from europe

text: Heysel Stadium disaster

text: Events leading up to the disaster[edit]

text: In May 1985, Liverpool were the defending European Champions' Cup winners, having won the competition after defeating Roma in the penalty shootout in the final of the previous season. Again they would face Italian opposition, Juventus, who had won, unbeaten, the 1983–84 Cup Winners' Cup. Juventus had a team comprising many of Italy's 1982 FIFA World Cup winning team–who played for Juventus for many years–and their playmaker Michel Platini was considered the best footballer in Europe, being named Footballer of The Year by France Football magazine for the second year in a row in December 1984. Both teams were placed in the two first positions in the UEFA club ranking at the end of the last season[7] and were regarded by the specialist press as the best two sides on the continent at the time.[8] Both teams had contested the 1984 European Super Cup four months before, finishing with victory for the Italian side by 2–0.

text: Despite its status as Belgium's national stadium, Heysel was in a poor state of repair by the time of the 1985 European Final. The 55-year-old stadium had not been sufficiently maintained for several years, and large parts of the stadium were literally crumbling. For example, the outer wall had been made of cinder block, and fans who did not have tickets were seen kicking holes in it to get in.[9] Liverpool players and fans later said that they were shocked at Heysel's abject condition, despite reports from Arsenal fans that the ground was a "dump" when Arsenal had played there a few years earlier. They were also surprised that Heysel was chosen despite its poor condition, especially since Barcelona's Camp Nou and Bernabéu in Madrid were both available. Juventus president Giampiero Boniperti and Liverpool CEO Peter Robinson urged UEFA to choose another venue, claiming that Heysel was not in any condition to host a European Final, especially a European Final involving two of the largest and most powerful clubs in Europe. However, UEFA refused to consider a move.[10][11]

text: The stadium was crammed with 58,000–60,000 supporters, with more than 25,000 for each team. The two ends behind the goals comprised all-standing terraces, each end split into three zones. The Juventus end was O, N and M and the Liverpool end was X, Y and Z as deemed by the Belgian court after the disaster. However, the tickets for the Z section were reserved for neutral Belgian fans in addition to the rest of the stadium. This meant the Juventus fans had more sections than the Liverpool fans with the Z section occupied by neutrals which is thought to have heightened prematch tensions. The idea of the large neutral area was opposed by both Liverpool and Juventus,[12] as it would provide an opportunity for fans of both clubs to obtain tickets from agencies or from ticket touts outside the ground and thus create a dangerous mix of fans.

text: At the time Brussels, like the rest of Belgium, already had a large Italian community, and many expatriate Juventus fans bought the section Z tickets.[13] Added to this, many tickets were bought up and sold by travel agents, mainly to Juventus fans. A small percentage of the tickets ended up in the hands of Liverpool fans.

text: Confrontation[edit]

text: At approximately 7 p.m. local time, an hour before kick-off, the trouble started.[14] The Liverpool and Juventus supporters in sections X and Z stood merely yards apart. The boundary between the two was marked by temporary chain link fencing and a central thinly policed no-man's land.[15] Fans began to throw stones across the divide, which they were able to pick up from the crumbling terraces beneath them.

text: As kick-off approached, the throwing became more intense. Several groups of Liverpool fans broke through the boundary between section X and Z, overpowered the police, and charged at the Juventus fans. The fans began to flee toward the perimeter wall of section Z. The wall could not withstand the force of the fleeing Juventus supporters and a lower portion collapsed.

text: Contrary to reports at the time, and what is still assumed by many, the collapse of the wall did not cause the 39 deaths. Instead, the collapse relieved pressure and allowed fans to escape. Most died of suffocation after tripping or being crushed against the wall before the collapse. A further 600 fans were also injured. Bodies were carried out from the stadium on sections of iron fencing and laid outside, covered with giant football flags. As police and medical helicopters flew in, the down-draught blew away the modest coverings.

text: In retaliation for the events in section Z, many Juventus fans then rioted at their end of the stadium. They advanced down the stadium running track to help other Juventus supporters, but police intervention stopped the advance. A large group of Juventus fans fought the police with rocks, bottles and stones for two hours. One Juventus fan was also seen firing a starting gun at Belgian police. [16]

text: The match[edit]

text: Despite the scale of the disaster, UEFA officials, Belgian Prime Minister Wilfried Martens, Brussels Mayor Hervé Brouhon, and the city's police force felt that abandoning the match would have risked inciting further trouble and violence, and the match eventually kicked off after the captains of both sides spoke to the crowd and appealed for calm.[17]

text: Juventus won the match 1–0 thanks to a penalty scored by Michel Platini, awarded by Swiss referee Daina for a foul against Zbigniew Boniek.[18]

text: At the end of the game the trophy was given in front of the stadium's Honor Stand by the confederation president Jacques Georges to Juventus captain Gaetano Scirea. Due to collective hysteria generated by the massive invasion of the pitch by journalists and fans at the end of the match,[19] and the chants of fans of both teams in the stands,[20] some Italian club players celebrated the title in the middle of the pitch among them and in front of their fans in the M section, while some Liverpool players applauded their fans between the X and Z sections, the stadium's section affected.[21]

text: Aftermath [edit]

text: Criminal proceedings[edit]

text: Initially, the blame for the incident was laid on the fans of Liverpool FC. On 30 May official UEFA observer Gunter Schneider said, "Only the English fans were responsible. Of that there is no doubt." UEFA, the organiser of the event, the owners of Heysel Stadium and the Belgian police were investigated for culpability. After an 18-month investigation, the dossier of top Belgian judge Marina Coppieters was finally published. It concluded that blame should not rest solely with the English fans, and that some culpability lay with the police and authorities. Several top officials were incriminated by some of the dossier’s findings, including police captain Johan Mahieu, who had been in charge of security on 29 May 1985 and was subsequently charged with manslaughter.

text: The British police undertook a thorough investigation to bring to justice the perpetrators. Some 17 minutes of film and many still photographs were examined. TV Eye produced an hour-long programme featuring the footage and the British press also published the photographs.

text: A total of 34 people were arrested and questioned with 26 Liverpool fans being charged with manslaughter – the only extraditable offence applicable to events at Heysel. An extradition hearing in London in February–March 1987 ruled all 26 were to be extradited to stand trial in Belgium for the death of Juventus fan Mario Ronchi. In September 1987 they were extradited and formally charged with manslaughter applying to all 39 deaths and further charges of assault. Initially, all were held at a Belgian prison but over the subsequent months judges permitted their release as the start of the trial became ever more delayed.

text: The trial eventually got underway in October 1988, with three Belgians also standing trial for their role in the disaster: Albert Roosens, the head of the Belgian Football Association, for allowing tickets for the Liverpool section of the stadium to be sold to Juventus fans; and two police chiefs - Michel Kensier and Johann Mahieu - who were in charge of policing at the stadium that night. Two of the 26 Liverpool fans were in custody in Britain at the time and stood trial later. In April 1989, 14 fans were convicted and given three-year sentences, that were half suspended for five years, allowing them to return to the UK.[22] After Belgian prosecutors appealed the sentences as too lenient, an appeal took place in Spring 1990 that increased the sentences of 11 fans (to five or four years), with two having their sentences upheld and one being acquitted.[citation needed]

text: English club ban[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Pressure mounted to ban English clubs from European competition. On 31 May 1985, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher asked the FA to withdraw English clubs from European competition before they were banned,[23] but two days later, UEFA banned English clubs for "an indeterminate period of time". On 6 June, FIFA extended this ban to all worldwide matches, but this was modified a week later to allow friendly matches outside of Europe to take place. In December 1985 FIFA announced that English clubs were also free to play friendly games in Europe, though the Belgian government banned any English clubs playing in their country.

text: Though the English national team was not subjected to any bans, English club sides were banned indefinitely from European club competitions, with Liverpool being provisionally subject to a further three years suspension as well. In April 1990, following years of campaigning from the English football authorities, UEFA confirmed the reintroduction of English clubs (with the exception of Liverpool) into its competitions from the 1990–91 season onward; in April 1991 UEFA's Executive Committee voted to allow Liverpool back into European competition from the 1991–92 season onward, a year later than their compatriots, but two years earlier than initially foreseen. In the end, all English clubs served a five-year-ban, while Liverpool were excluded for six years.

text: According to former Liverpool striker Ian Rush, the institutional relationships between both clubs and their fans improved during his career in Italy.[10]

text: The following clubs were denied entry to European competitions during this period:

text:
Seasons
European Cup
European Cup Winners' Cup
UEFA Cup

1985–86
Everton
Manchester United (4th)
Liverpool (2nd)
Tottenham Hotspur (3rd)
Southampton (5th)
Norwich City (League Cup Winners (20th))

1986–87
Liverpool
Everton
(2nd)

West Ham United (3rd)
Manchester United (4th)
Sheffield Wednesday (5th)
Oxford United (League Cup Winners (18th))

1987–88
Everton
Coventry City (10th)
Liverpool (2nd)
Tottenham Hotspur (3rd)
Arsenal (4th) (League Cup Winners)
Norwich City (5th)

1988–89
Liverpool
Wimbledon (6th)
Manchester United (2nd)
Nottingham Forest (3rd)
Everton (4th)
Luton Town (League Cup Winners (9th))

1989–90
Arsenal
Liverpool (2nd)
Nottingham Forest (3rd) (League Cup Winners)
Norwich City (4th)
Derby County (5th)
Tottenham Hotspur (6th)

1990–91
Liverpool

Nottingham Forest (League Cup Winners (9th))

text: The number of places available to English clubs in the UEFA Cup would however have been reduced had English teams been eliminated early in the competition. By the time of the readmittance of all English clubs except Liverpool in 1990–91, England was only granted one UEFA Cup entrant (awarded to the league runners-up); prior to the ban, they had had four entry slots, a number not awarded to England again until the 1994–95 UEFA Cup. Welsh clubs playing in the English league system, who could qualify for the Cup Winners' Cup through the Welsh Cup, were unaffected by the ban.

text: In the meantime, many other clubs missed out on a place in the UEFA Cup due to the return of English clubs to European competitions only being gradual.

text: Liverpool's additional year of exclusion from Europe meant that there was no English representation in the 1990-91 European Cup, as they were defending league champions that season. Football League Cup winners Nottingham Forest also missed out on UEFA Cup places in 1990-91, along with Tottenham Hotspur, Arsenal and Chelsea.

text: The teams who missed out on the 1991–92 UEFA Cup for the same reason were Sheffield Wednesday, Crystal Palace and Leeds United.

text: The excluded teams in 1992–93 were Arsenal and Manchester City.

text: In 1993–94, the excluded teams were Blackburn Rovers and Queens Park Rangers.

text: The final season of partial exclusion was 1994–95, when Leeds United missed out.

text: Impact on stadiums[edit]

text: After Heysel, English clubs began to impose stricter rules intended to make it easier to prevent troublemakers from attending domestic games, with legal provision to exclude troublemakers for three months introduced in 1986, and the Football (Offences) Act introduced in 1991.

text: Serious progress on legal banning orders preventing foreign travel to matches was arguably not made until the violence involving England fans (allegedly mainly involving neo-Nazi groups, such as Combat 18) at a match against Ireland on 18 February 1995 and violent scenes at the 1998 FIFA World Cup. Rioting at UEFA Euro 2000 saw introduction of new legislation and wider use of police powers – by 2004, 2,000 banning orders were in place, compared to fewer than 100 before Euro 2000.[24][25]

text: The main reforms to English stadiums came after the Taylor Report into the Hillsborough disaster in which 96 people died in 1989. All-seater stadiums became a requirement for clubs in the top two divisions while pitchside fencing was removed and closed-circuit cameras have been installed. Fans who misbehave can have their tickets revoked and be legally barred from attending games at any English stadium.

text: The Heysel Stadium itself continued to be used for hosting athletics for almost a decade, but no further football matches took place in the old stadium. In 1994, the stadium was almost completely rebuilt as the King Baudouin Stadium. On 28 August 1995 the new stadium welcomed the return of football to Heysel in the form of a friendly match between Belgium and Germany. It then hosted a major European final on 8 May 1996 when Paris Saint-Germain defeated Rapid Vienna 1–0 to win the Cup Winners' Cup.

text: Commemorations[edit]

text: In 1985, a memorial was presented to the victims at the Juventus headquarters in Piazza Crimea, Turin. The monument includes an epitaph written by Torinese journalist Giovanni Arpino. Since 2001 it has been situated in front of the current club's headquarters in Corso Galileo Ferraris.[26]

text: In 1986 the band Revolting Cocks, founded in part by Al Jourgensen of Ministry, released a song by the name of "38", in commemoration to the deaths of this tragic event on the album Big Sexy Land.[citation needed]

text: A memorial service for those killed in the disaster was held before Liverpool's match with Arsenal at Anfield on 18 August 1985, their first fixture after the disaster. However, according to The Sydney Morning Herald, it was "drowned out" by chanting.[27]

text: In 1991, a memorial monument for the 39 victims of the disaster, the only one on Italian soil, was inaugurated in Reggio Emilia, the hometown of the victim Claudio Zavaroni, in front of Stadio Mirabello: every year the committee "Per non dimenticare Heysel" (In order not to forget Heysel) holds a ceremony on the 29th of May with relatives of the victims, representatives of Juventus, survivors and various supporters clubs from various football clubs, including Inter Milan, AC Milan, Reggiana and Torino.[28]

text: During Euro 2000, members of the Italian team left flowers on the site, in honour of the victims.

text: On 29 May 2005, a £140,000 sculpture was unveiled at the new Heysel stadium, to commemorate the disaster. The monument is a sundial designed by French artist Patrick Rimoux and includes Italian and Belgian stone and the poem "Funeral Blues" by Englishman W. H. Auden to symbolise the sorrow of the three countries. Thirty-nine lights shine, one for each who died that night.[29]

text: Juventus and Liverpool were drawn together in the quarter-finals of the 2005 Champions League, their first meeting since Heysel. Before the first leg at Anfield, Liverpool fans held up placards to form a banner saying "amicizia" ("friendship" in Italian). Many of the Juventus fans applauded the gesture, although a significant number chose to turn their backs on it.[30] In the return leg in Turin, Juventus fans displayed banners reading Easy to speak, difficult to pardon: murders and 15-4-89. Sheffield. God exists, the latter a reference to the Hillsborough disaster, in which 96 Liverpool fans were killed in a crush. A number of Liverpool fans were attacked in the city by Juventus ultras.[31]

text: British composer Michael Nyman wrote a piece called "Memorial" which was originally part of a larger work of the same name written in 1985 in memory of the Juventus fans who died at Heysel Stadium.

text: On Wednesday 26 May 2010, a permanent plaque was unveiled on the Centenary Stand at Anfield to honour the Juventus fans who died 25 years earlier. This plaque is one of two permanent memorials to be found at Anfield, along with one for the 96 fans killed in the Hillsborough disaster in 1989.

text: In May 2012, a Heysel Memorial was unveiled in the J-Museum at Turin. There is also a tribute to the disaster's victims in the club's Walk of Fame in front of the Juventus Stadium. Two years later Juventus' officials announced a memorial in the Continassa headquarter.

text: In February 2014, an exhibition in Turin was dedicated both to the Heysel tragedy and Superga air disaster. The name of the exhibition was "Settanta angeli in un unico cielo – Superga e Heysel tragedie sorelle" (70 angels in the one same heaven – Superga and Heysel sister tragedies) and gathered material from 4 May 1949 and 29 May 1985.[32]

text: In May 2015, during a Serie A match between Juventus and Napoli at Turin, Juventus fans held up placards to form a banner saying "+39 Rispetto" ("respect +39" in Italian) including the names of the victims of the disaster.[33]

text: On 12 November 2015 Italian Football Federation (FIGC), Juventus' representatives led by Mariella Scirea and J-Museum president Paolo Garimberti and members of the Italian victims association held a ceremony in front of the Heysel monument in King Baudouin Stadium for the 30th anniversary of the event.[34] The following day, FIGC president Carlo Tavecchio announced the retirement of Squadra Azzurra's number 39 shirt prior to the friendly match between Italy and Belgium.[35]

text: Deaths[edit]

text: The 39 people killed were 32 Italians (including two minors), four Belgians, two French fans and one from Northern Ireland.[36][37]

text:
Name
Age

Rocco Acerra
29

Bruno Balli
50

Alfons Bos
35

Giancarlo Bruschera
21

Andrea Casula
11

Giovanni Casula
44

Nino Cerullo
24

Willy Chielens
41

Giuseppina Conti
17

Dirk Daeninckx
38

Dionisio Fabbro
51

Jacques François
45

Eugenio Gagliano
35

Francesco Galli
24

Giancarlo Gonnelli
20

Alberto Guarini
21

Giovacchino Landini
50

Roberto Lorentini
31

Barbara Lusci
58

Franco Martelli
22

Loris Messore
28

Gianni Mastroiaco
20

Sergio Bastino Mazzino
38

Luciano Rocco Papaluca
38

Luigi Pidone
31

Benito Pistolato
50

Patrick Radcliffe
38

Domenico Ragazzi
44

Antonio Ragnanese
49

Claude Robert
27

Mario Ronchi
43

Domenico Russo
28

Tarcisio Salvi
49

Gianfranco Sarto
47

Amedeo Giuseppe Spolaore
55

Mario Spanu
41

Tarcisio Venturin
23

Jean Michel Walla
32

Claudio Zavaroni
28


document_title: Star Wars Hotel

question_text: where will the star wars hotel be located

text: Star Wars Hotel

text:
Star Wars Hotel

Resort type
Deluxe resort

Theme
Star Wars

text: The Star Wars Hotel is a proposed Star Wars-themed luxury hotel to be built near Disney's Hollywood Studios at the Walt Disney World Resort in Bay Lake, Florida. The hotel accompanies the under-construction Star Wars: Galaxy's Edge themed area in Disney's Hollywood Studios.[1]

text: History[edit]

text: In April 2017, Disney contracted the website swagbucks.com to survey visitors in order to gauge interest in a possible Star Wars-themed hotel. As a result of the survey, Disney decided to approve such a hotel, with a visitor experience based on the Star Wars storyline.[2][3]

text: Definite plans for the Star Wars Hotel were first announced at the 2017 D23 Expo in Anaheim.[4] The proposal was announced as part of the unveiling of 23 improvements and additions to Disney parks around the world.[5]

text: Description[edit]

text: The Star Wars Hotel has no set opening date according to the Orlando Sentinel.[6] According to renderings, the new hotel would be shaped like a Star Wars starship.[5][7] The rooms would have children's bunk beds and adult-sized beds in the style of Star Wars bunkers,[8] with each room fitting up to 4 people.[2] Renderings also showed a lobby in the style of a Star Wars spaceship interior.[8]

text: Bob Chapek, Chairman of Walt Disney Parks & Resorts, stated that the Star Wars Hotel would be Disney's "most experiential concept ever" when it opens.[6] Chapek described the hotel as a "100% immersive" experience that "will culminate in a unique journey for every person who visits.”[9] Some examples of the planned features included creatures and droids acting as certain hotel staff such as butlers; guests wearing Star Wars costumes; and an ability to interact with features of the hotel as if visitors were really in the Star Wars universe.[10] Visitors would also be able to have lightsaber training and duels (an extension of the Jedi Training Academy in Disney's Hollywood Studios[2]); explore and pilot Star Wars aircraft; and go on "secret missions" personalized toward the visitors' experience.[7]

text: One writer for The Verge called the planned hotel a "Westworld for Star Wars fans," noting the different hotel amenities that would allow the immersive-hotel experience to occur.[10] Mic compared the planned hotel to Disney’s Animal Kingdom Lodge and Universal Orlando’s Cabana Bay Beach Resort, both of which are existing hotels containing immersive experiences, though to a lesser extent.[11]


document_title: New York City Marathon

question_text: where does the new york city marathon start

text: New York City Marathon

text: Course[edit]

text: The race was founded by Fred Lebow. Ted Corbitt helped plan the course of the New York City Marathon.[6] The initial course of 1970 consisted of repeated racing around Central Park.[7] From 1976, the course covers all five boroughs of New York City. It begins on Staten Island, in Fort Wadsworth, near the approach to the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge. The bridge, which normally carries only vehicular traffic, is closed for the event. Runners use both sides of the upper level of the bridge and the westbound side of the lower level. In the opening minutes of the race, the bridge is filled with runners, creating a dramatic spectacle that is closely associated with the event.

text: After descending the bridge, the course winds through Brooklyn, mostly along Fourth Avenue and Bedford Avenue, for approximately the next 11 miles (18 km). Runners pass through a variety of neighborhoods, including: Bay Ridge, Sunset Park, Park Slope, Bedford-Stuyvesant, Williamsburg, and Greenpoint.

text: At 13.1 miles (21.1 km), runners cross the Pulaski Bridge, marking the halfway point of the race and the entrance into Long Island City, Queens. After about 2.5 miles (4.0 km) in Queens, runners cross the East River via the Queensboro (59th Street) Bridge into Manhattan. It is at this point in the race when many runners begin to tire, as the climb up the bridge is considered one of the most difficult points in the marathon.

text: Reaching Manhattan after about 16 miles (26 km), the race proceeds north on First Avenue, then crosses into The Bronx via the Willis Avenue Bridge for one mile before returning to Manhattan via the Madison Avenue Bridge. It then proceeds south through Harlem down Fifth Avenue and into Central Park. At the southern end of the park, the race proceeds along 59th Street/Central Park South, where thousands of spectators cheer runners on during the last mile. At Columbus Circle, the race reenters the park and finishes beside Tavern on the Green. The time limit for this course is 8½ hours from the 10:10 a.m. start.

text: In 2008, the race initiated a corral system. Professional women runners were given a separate, earlier start and the balance of the runners began in three staggered starts. The official times are those recorded by a computer chip attached to the back of the runner's bib number, which calculates when a runner crosses the start and when she crosses the finish, known as "net time" (as opposed to "gun time"). Runners also pass timing mats at 5 km intervals along the course, and e-mail notifications can be received by people following runners during the race to track their progress. Whereas the distance is the same, there are different courses taken through Bay Ridge and up Fourth Avenue in Brooklyn until the course reaches Lafayette Avenue in Brooklyn at Mile 8.

text: Although the marathon publicity material uses miles, the timing mats are at 5 km intervals to accommodate the publishing[8] of splits and also enabling potential world records for 20 km, 30 km and other sub-marathon distances to be recorded.

text: History[edit]

text: The first New York City Marathon was held 48 years ago in 1970, organized by New York Road Runners presidents Fred Lebow and Vincent Chiappetta,[9] with 127 competitors running several loops around the Park Drive of Central Park. Only about 100 spectators watched Gary Muhrcke win the race in 2:31:38. In fact, a total of only 55 runners crossed the finish line.[10]

text: Over the years, the marathon grew larger and larger.[11] To celebrate the U.S. bicentennial in 1976, city auditor George Spitz proposed that the race traverse all five boroughs. With the support of Manhattan Borough President Percy Sutton, the men convinced Mayor Beame and, eventually, race director Fred Lebow. The race was a huge success, and what was intended as a one-time celebration, became the annual course.

text: Dick Traum became the first person to complete a marathon with a prosthetic leg when he finished the 1976 New York City Marathon. The marathon grew in popularity two years later when Norwegian Grete Waitz broke the women's world record, finishing in 2:32:30. She went on to win the race an unprecedented nine times.[10] An official wheelchair and handcycle division was introduced in 2000, and starting in 2002, the elite women are given a 35-minute head start before the elite men and rest of the field.

text: The New York City Marathon has now become the largest marathon anywhere in the world. Each year nearly two million spectators line the course. Prior to 2013, the marathon was broadcast live in the New York area on WNBC, and on Universal Sports for the entire country, However, in 2013, WABC-TV and ESPN announced they would begin broadcasting the New York City Marathon.[12] The Marathon can also be watched online.[13]

text: On September 29, 1974, Norbert Sander and Kathrine Switzer became the only New York City residents (so far) to win the New York City Marathon.

text: Grete Waitz, the Norwegian long distance runner, sets a new course record for women at 2:32:30 and wins her first New York Marathon. Waitz goes on to win 9 New York Marathons, the most course wins in any category to date. She is widely acknowledged for having made a significant contribution to promote marathon and long-distance running for women. The New York Road Runners club annually sponsors "Grete's Great Gallop," a 10 kilometer race around the Central Park loop, in her honor.

text: Grete Waitz again won the women's race with a finish time of 2:27:33, becoming the first woman ever to break 2:30. In a normally trivial mistake, Rosie Ruiz was accidentally given a finish time of 2:56:29. This qualified her for the 1980 Boston Marathon, where she crossed the finish line with a record time of 2:31:56. It was quickly determined that she had not run the entire course in either race, igniting the best-known scandal in the history of modern distance running. New York Marathon chief Fred Lebow rescinded Ruiz's time after determining she had not finished the 1979 race, and officials in Boston quickly followed suit.[14]

text: Alberto Salazar's 2:08:13 was initially considered to be a world's best in the marathon, but the mark was later rescinded by The Athletics Congress, now known as USA Track & Field, when the course was measured to be short by approximately 150 meters.[15] Salazar remarked in 1985 that he would continue to believe that he ran a full marathon, since the lack of crowd control forced him to run wide during his turns.[16] He has also suggested that a change in how courses were measured after the 1981 race attributed to the discrepancy in the course length.[15][17]

text: The national television audience was treated to a thrilling race as England's Geoff Smith held a lead through the last half of the race. He was caught at the 26 mile mark in Central Park by 1972 Olympic 1500 metres bronze medalist Rod Dixon from New Zealand, who won by just 9 seconds. Dixon had been as far as 2 and a half minutes behind with 10 km to go, but steadily loomed over Smith's shoulder. The result was also one of the great "Thrill of Victory/Agony of Defeat" photos of all time as Dixon stood at the finish line celebrating with a collapsed and defeated Smith on the ground behind him.[18] Video highlights on YouTube

text: Grete Waitz completed her last New York Marathon with her friend and race co-founder, Fred Lebow, in celebration of Lebow's 60th birthday. Lebow had been diagnosed with brain cancer and died two years later in 1994. They both completed the race with a time of 5:32:35. Waitz would herself succumb to cancer in 2011 after what she called the toughest fight of her life.

text: During the 1994 event, Germán Silva recovered from a wrong turn seven-tenths of a mile before the finish that put him temporarily in second place 40 yards behind Benjamín Paredes. He ran a 5:15 final mile, including the detour, to beat Paredes and win the event by two seconds with a time of 2:11:21. The incident earned him the nickname "Wrong Way Silva"[19]

text: A record 34,729 people participated in the race. The top male finisher was Martin Lel of Kenya in a time of 2:10:30. The top female finisher was Margaret Okayo of Kenya in time of 2:22:31, breaking her previous course record of 2:24:21 set in 2001.[20] In recent years, runners from Kenya have dominated the event. The top Americans were Matt Downin (2:18:48) and Sylvia Mosqueda (2:33:10), both from California. Rapper P.Diddy also ran for charity and raised $2,000,000 for the New York City Education system.

text: The top female finisher was Britain's Paula Radcliffe in a time of 2:23:10, beating Kenya's Susan Chepkemei by 4 seconds, the closest finish up to that time. The top male was Hendrik Ramaala of South Africa with a time of 2:09:28. The top Americans were Meb Keflezighi (2nd, 2:18:48) from California and Jenny Crain (15th, 2:41:06), from Wisconsin.[21]

text: In the closest finish in New York City Marathon history, Paul Tergat of Kenya barely outsprinted Hendrick Ramaala of South Africa in the final meters of the race for a time of 2:09:30, beating Ramaala by one second. In the women's race, Jeļena Prokopčuka of Latvia won in a time of 2:24:41. Tops amongst the Americans were Meb Keflezighi of California (2:09:56) and Jen Rhines of California (2:37:07). South African Ernst Van Dyk took the wheelchair race in 1:31:11.

text: The 2005 event was administered by new NYRR CEO Mary Wittenberg. It is notable that she was the first woman director of an international Major marathon.[22]

text: The top male finisher was Marílson Gomes dos Santos of Brazil in a time of 2:09:58, while Jeļena Prokopčuka of Latvia won the female marathon for the second consecutive time in a time of 2:25:05. Gomes dos Santos becomes the first South American ever to win the race.[23] Stephen Kiogora of Kenya placed second, and Paul Tergat, the 2005 defending champion and former marathon world record holder, placed third.

text: Former American professional road racing cyclist and triathlete Lance Armstrong ran in the 2006 race, finishing 868th with a time of 2:59:36.[24] He also ran the same year in the British 10K. Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee also completed the race in 2006, finishing in 5:33:43, and wearing bib #110, signifying the 110 pounds lost during his weight loss campaign.[25]

text: Amanda McGrory won the female wheelchair race in the time of 1:54:17, the male wheelchair division was won by Kurt Fearnley in a time of 1:29:22.

text: The 2007 New York City Marathon was held on Sunday, November 4. It was the final race of the 2006–2007 World Marathon Majors, a two-year series of elite marathon racing that also includes the Boston, Chicago, London and Berlin marathons.

text: However, there were very few elite American marathoners participating in 2007 because they competed the day before at the 2008 USA Men's Olympic Marathon Trials, which was held in conjunction with the New York City Marathon on some of the same course, three loops of which Trials were in Central Park.

text: Martin Lel from Kenya won the men's race in a time of 2:09:04, completing an impressive double of the 2007 London and New York Marathons.

text: The women's winner was the world Marathon record holder Paula Radcliffe from Great Britain in a time of 2:23:09, one second faster than her 2004 win.

text: The 2008 New York City Marathon was held on Sunday, November 2. A field of 37,899 runners participated. The men's winner was Marílson Gomes dos Santos in 2:08:43. Paula Radcliffe won her third NYC marathon in 2:23:56.

text: The 2008 marathon events were marred by the deaths of three marathon participants:

text:
Carlos Jose Gomes, 58, of Brazil fell unconscious shortly after completing the race in 4:12:15. An autopsy revealed that he had a pre-existing heart condition and died of a heart attack.[26]
Joseph Marotta, 66, of Staten Island, N.Y. succumbed to a heart attack hours after he completed his fourth New York City Marathon. He walked the course in 9:16:46.[26]
Fred Costa, 41, from Cincinnati, OH collapsed at the marathon and died on November 15 of a heart attack.[27]

text: The 2009 New York City Marathon was held Sunday November 1, 2009. Meb Keflezighi of the United States won the men's race (the first American since Alberto Salazar in 1982) with a time of 2:09:15 while Ethiopian Derartu Tulu took the women's crown in 2:28:52, the first Ethiopian woman to do so. This was the first marathon in history with more than 40,000 official finishers, as 43,660 crossed the finish, 5,053 more than the previous best at the 2008 edition of this race.[28][29]

text: The 2010 New York City Marathon was held on November 7. Gebregziabher Gebremariam of Ethiopia, in his first-ever marathon, won the race after breaking away from his last rival, Emmanuel Mutai of Kenya, in the 25th mile to finish in a time of 2:08:14. The race featured 37-year-old world record holder Haile Gebrselassie, who ran with a bad knee and dropped out of the race at the 16th mile. Afterwards, he announced his retirement,[30] but later reversed this decision. Edna Kiplagat won the women's title with a time of 2 hours, 28 minutes, 20 seconds, ahead of American Shalane Flanagan.

text: The total number of official finishers, 44,829 (28,757 men and 16,072 women) was a new world record for a marathon race.[31]

text: The 2011 Marathon was held on November 6. The men's event was won by Geoffrey Mutai of Kenya in a time of 2:05:06, breaking the 10-year-old course record. Second-place runner Emmanuel Mutai, also of Kenya, and third-place runner Tsegaye Kebede of Ethiopia also beat the previous record for the event, with times of 2:06:28 and 2:07:14, respectively.[32] Geoffrey Mutai, who won the Boston Marathon earlier in the year, became the first man to win both races in course-record time in the same year. Firehiwot Dado of Ethiopia won the women's race in a time of 2:23:15, her first major marathon victory.[33] Coming second, 4 seconds behind the leader originally from Ethiopia, but now living in the Bronx, was Bizunesh Deba with a time of 2:23:19.[34]

text: There were a world record 46,795 official finishers: 29,867 men and 16,928 women.

text: Edison Peña, famous for maintaining his running routine during the 69 days he was trapped in the 2010 Copiapó mining accident, ran the race.[35] Former NHL player, Mark Messier, finished with a time just over 4 hours at age 50. Retired Dutch soccer player, Edwin van der Sar, ran in 4:19 and said it was the toughest thing he had ever done.[36] Former CART champion Alex Zanardi won the handcycle class.[37]

text: The 2012 marathon was scheduled for November 4, 2012.[38] Organizers planned to hold the event despite the Effects of Hurricane Sandy in New York the week before.[39]

text: On November 2, 2012, the marathon was cancelled; Mayor Michael Bloomberg explained that: "While holding the race would not require diverting resources from the recovery effort, it is clear that it has become the source of controversy and division... We would not want a cloud to hang over the race or its participants, and so we have decided to cancel it."[40][41] Three days earlier, Bloomberg said the marathon would take place. That declaration started a debate on whether to hold the race with thousands of residents still without electricity, public transportation, and other basic needs. Proponents for going ahead said that the event would give an economic and morale boost to the city, while opponents said the resources (such as food, water, and police) were better used elsewhere.[42][43]

text: Some of the entrants ended up helping with cleanup efforts. [44] Others chose to congregate and run an informal "Shadow Marathon" in Central Park.[45] Controversy over the cancellation of the Marathon, the timing of the announcement and the repercussions of the decision, including criticism of New York Road Runners CEO Mary Wittenberg, continued well after the 2012 race was meant to have taken place.[46][47] As a resolution, all who were registered to run the 2012 race were offered three options: a refund; guaranteed, non-complimentary entry to the New York City Marathon in 2013, 2014, or 2015; or guaranteed, non-complimentary entry to the NYC Half 2013.[48][49]

text: The 2013 New York City Marathon was run November 3, 2013. The race proved to be the clincher for the 2013 World Marathon Majors titles for both men and women. Duplicating their London Marathon wins from April 2013, Tsegaye Kebede and Priscah Jeptoo each won $500,000 for their season-wide efforts. After the 2012 cancellation, Geoffrey Mutai returned to become the first repeat winner in 15 years (after John Kagwe in 1997-1998). Under windy conditions, his 2:08:24 was more than 3 minutes slower than in 2011. Mutai broke away around mile 22 to win by almost a minute over Ethiopian Tsegaye Kebede, who had finished third two years earlier. Jeptoo spotted Buzunesh Deba, an Ethiopian runner who has lived in the Bronx since 2009, three and a half minutes at the half-marathon mark, but came back to pass her in the 24th mile.[50]

text: The 2014 New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 2, 2014. It was announced on October 2, 2013, that the marathon's main sponsor would be Tata Consultancy Services starting in 2014. It is an eight-year deal, and the race was renamed the TCS New York City Marathon.[2] Wind was unusually high, blowing from the north on a mostly northbound course. Winners were Wilson Kipsang and Mary Keitany.[51]

text: The 2015 New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 1, 2015. Winners were Stanley Biwott and Mary Keitany.[52]

text: The 2016 New York City Marathon was run on Sunday, November 6. Ghirmay Ghebreslassie won Male open competition with a time of 2:07:51. Female open race winner is Mary Keitany from Kenya 2:24:26. Male wheelchair race winner is Marcel Hug with a time of 1:35:49, and Female wheelchair race winner is Tatyana McFadden with a time of 1:47:43.[53]

text: In 2016, Lauren Lubin ran as the first openly genderqueer/non-binary athlete in the New York City Marathon.[54]

text: Geoffrey Kamworor, a native of Kenya, won the men's competition with a time of 2:10:53, 3 seconds ahead of 2nd-place finisher Wilson Kipsang. In 3rd place was Lelisa Desisa with a time of 2:11:32.[55]

text: On the women's side, the winner was Shalane Flanagan, a native of Marblehead, Massachusetts. She was the first American to win since 1977. Her time was 2:26:53. Mary Keitany got 2nd with 2:27:54, and Mamitu Daska finished 3rd with a time of 2:28:08.[56]