document_title: List of National Basketball Association career 3-point scoring leaders

question_text: who has the most 3 point shots in nba history

root

text: Three-point field goals made leaders[edit]

text: This is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular-season three-point field goals made.

tag: p

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[3]

§
1st time nominee for Hall of Fame in 2018[4]

tag: table

text:
Rank
Name
Position(s)
Team(s) played for (years)[5]
Total 3-point field
goals made
Total 3-point field
goals attempted
3-point field goal
percentage

1
Allen, RayRay Allen*
SG
Milwaukee Bucks (1996–2003)
Seattle SuperSonics (2003–2007)
Boston Celtics (2007–2012)
Miami Heat (2012–2014)
2,973
7,429
.400

2
Miller, ReggieReggie Miller*
SG
Indiana Pacers (1987–2005)
2,560
6,486
.395

3
Terry, JasonJason Terry^
SG/PG
Atlanta Hawks (1999–2004)
Dallas Mavericks (2004–2012)
Boston Celtics (2012–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Houston Rockets (2014–2016)
Milwaukee Bucks (2016–present)
2,282
6,010
.380

4
Korver, KyleKyle Korver^
SG/SF
Philadelphia 76ers (2003–2007)
Utah Jazz (2007–2010)
Chicago Bulls (2010–2012)
Atlanta Hawks (2012–2017)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2017–present)
2,213
5,130
.431

5
Crawford, JamalJamal Crawford^
SG/PG
Chicago Bulls (2000–2004)
New York Knicks (2004–2008)
Golden State Warriors (2008–2009)
Atlanta Hawks (2009–2011)
Portland Trail Blazers (2011–2012)
Los Angeles Clippers (2012–2017)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2017–present)
2,153
6,175
.349

6
Pierce, PaulPaul Pierce†
SF
Boston Celtics (1999–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Washington Wizards (2014–2015)
Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2017)
2,143
5,816
.368

7
Curry, StephenStephen Curry^
PG
Golden State Warriors (2009–present)
2,129
4,880
.436

8
Carter, VinceVince Carter^
SG/SF
Toronto Raptors (1999–2004)
New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)
Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)
2,106
5,650
.373

9
Kidd, JasonJason Kidd*
PG
Dallas Mavericks (1994–1996, 2008–2012)
Phoenix Suns (1996–2001)
New Jersey Nets (2001–2008)
New York Knicks (2012–2013)
1,988
5,701
.349

10
Johnson, JoeJoe Johnson^
SG/SF
Boston Celtics (2001–2002)
Phoenix Suns (2002–2005)
Atlanta Hawks (2005–2012)
Brooklyn Nets (2012–2016)
Miami Heat (2016)
Utah Jazz (2016–2018)
Houston Rockets (2018–present)
1,978
5,331
.371

11
Nowitzki, DirkDirk Nowitzki^
PF
Dallas Mavericks (1999–present)
1,918
5,005
.383

12
Smith, J. R.J. R. Smith^
SG
New Orleans(/Oklahoma City) Hornets (2004–2006)
Denver Nuggets (2006–2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2015)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2015–present)
1,917
5,128
.374

13
Billups, ChaunceyChauncey Billups
PG/SG
Boston Celtics (1997–1998)
Toronto Raptors (1998)
Denver Nuggets (1999, 2008–2011)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2000–2002)
Detroit Pistons (2002–2008, 2013–2014)
New York Knicks (2011)
Los Angeles Clippers (2011–2013)
1,830
4,725
.387

14
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant†
SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)
1,827
5,546
.330

15
Lewis, RashardRashard Lewis
SF/PF
Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2007)
Orlando Magic (2007–2010)
Washington Wizards (2010–2012)
Miami Heat (2012–2014)
1,787
4,625
.386

16
Stojaković, PejaPeja Stojaković
SF
Sacramento Kings (1999–2006)
Indiana Pacers (2006)
New Orleans(/Oklahoma City) Hornets (2006–2010)
Toronto Raptors (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011)
1,760
4,392
.401

17
Ellis, DaleDale Ellis
SF/SG
Dallas Mavericks (1983–1986)
Seattle SuperSonics (1986–1991, 1997–1999)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1992, 1999–2000)
San Antonio Spurs (1992–1994)
Denver Nuggets (1994–1997)
Charlotte Hornets (2000)
1,719
4,266
.403

18
Nash, SteveSteve Nash*
PG
Phoenix Suns (1996–1998, 2004–2012)
Dallas Mavericks (1999–2004)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2014)
1,685
3,939
.428

19
Harden, JamesJames Harden^
SG
Oklahoma City Thunder (2009–2012)
Houston Rockets (2012–present)
1,647
4,523
.364

20
James, LeBronLeBron James^
SF
Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010, 2014–present)
Miami Heat (2010–2014)
1,616
4,701
.344

21
Richardson, JasonJason Richardson†
SG
Golden State Warriors (2001–2007)
Charlotte Bobcats (2007–2008)
Phoenix Suns (2008–2010)
Orlando Magic (2010–2012)
Philadelphia 76ers (2012–2015)
1,608
4,344
.370

22
Miller, MikeMike Miller
SF/SG
Orlando Magic (2000–2003)
Memphis Grizzlies (2003–2008, 2013–2014)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2008–2009)
Washington Wizards (2009–2010)
Miami Heat (2010–2013)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2014–2015)
Denver Nuggets (2015–2017)
1,590
3,910
.407

23
Rice, GlenGlen Rice
SF
Miami Heat (1989–1995)
Charlotte Hornets (1995–1998)
Los Angeles Lakers (1999–2000)
New York Knicks (2000–2001)
Houston Rockets (2001–2003)
Los Angeles Clippers (2003–2004)
1,559
3,896
.400

24
Thompson, KlayKlay Thompson^
SG
Golden State Warriors (2011–present)
1,557
3,691
.422

25
Jones, EddieEddie Jones
SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1994–1999)
Charlotte Hornets (1999–2000)
Miami Heat (2000–2005, 2007)
Memphis Grizzlies (2005–2007)
Dallas Mavericks (2007–2008)
1,546
4,147
.373

26
Hardaway, TimTim Hardaway
PG
Golden State Warriors (1989–1993, 1994–1996)
Miami Heat (1996–2001)
Dallas Mavericks (2001–2002)
Denver Nuggets (2002)
Indiana Pacers (2003)
1,542
4,345
.355

27
Van Exel, NickNick Van Exel
PG
Los Angeles Lakers (1993–1998)
Denver Nuggets (1999–2002)
Dallas Mavericks (2002–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2004)
Portland Trail Blazers (2004–2005)
San Antonio Spurs (2005–2006)
1,528
4,278
.357

28
Bibby, MikeMike Bibby
PG
Vancouver Grizzlies (1999–2001)
Sacramento Kings (2001–2008)
Atlanta Hawks (2008–2011)
Washington Wizards (2011)
Miami Heat (2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2012)
1,517
3,999
.379

29
Ginóbili, ManuManu Ginóbili^
SG
San Antonio Spurs (2002–present)
1,495
4,055
.369

30
Redick, J. J.J. J. Redick^
SG
Orlando Magic (2006–2013)
Milwaukee Bucks (2013)
Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2017)
Philadelphia 76ers (2017–present)
1,464
3,524
.415

31
Finley, MichaelMichael Finley
SF
Phoenix Suns (1995–1996)
Dallas Mavericks (1996–2005)
San Antonio Spurs (2005–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010)
1,454
3,880
.375

32
Durant, KevinKevin Durant^
SF/SG
Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder (2007–2016)
Golden State Warriors (2016–present)
1,433
3,734
.384

33
Matthews, WesleyWesley Matthews^
SG
Utah Jazz (2009–2010)
Portland Trail Blazers (2010–2015)
Dallas Mavericks (2015–present)
1,405
3,667
.383

34
Barry, BrentBrent Barry
SG
Los Angeles Clippers (1995–1998)
Miami Heat (1998)
Chicago Bulls (1999)
Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2004)
San Antonio Spurs (2004–2008)
Houston Rockets (2008–2009)
1,395
3,442
.405

35
Walker, AntoineAntoine Walker
PF
Boston Celtics (1996–2003, 2005)
Dallas Mavericks (2003–2004)
Atlanta Hawks (2004–2005)
Miami Heat (2005–2007)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2007–2008)
1,386
4,264
.325

36
Lowry, KyleKyle Lowry^
PG
Memphis Grizzlies (2006–2009)
Houston Rockets (2009–2012)
Toronto Raptors (2012–present)
1,375
3,717
.370

37
Majerle, DanDan Majerle
SG/SF
Phoenix Suns (1988–1995, 2001–2002)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1995–1996)
Miami Heat (1996–2001)
1,360
3,798
.358

38
Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony^
SF
Denver Nuggets (2003–2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2017)
Oklahoma City Thunder (2017–present)
1,341
3,861
.347

39
Davis, BaronBaron Davis
PG
Charlotte Hornets (1999–2002)
New Orleans Hornets (2002–2005)
Golden State Warriors (2005–2008)
Los Angeles Clippers (2008–2011)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2011)
New York Knicks (2012)
1,332
4,159
.320

40
Richmond, MitchMitch Richmond*
SG
Golden State Warriors (1988–1991)
Sacramento Kings (1991–1998)
Washington Wizards (1999–2001)
Los Angeles Lakers (2001–2002)
1,326
3,419
.388

41
Anderson, RyanRyan Anderson^
PF
New Jersey Nets (2008–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2012)
New Orleans Hornets/Pelicans (2012–2016)
Houston Rockets (2016–present)
1,315
3,446
.382

42
Ariza, TrevorTrevor Ariza^
SF
New York Knicks (2004–2006)
Orlando Magic (2006–2007)
Los Angeles Lakers (2007–2009)
Houston Rockets (2009–2010, 2014–present)
New Orleans Hornets (2010–2012)
Washington Wizards (2012–2014)
1,313
3,721
.353

43
Houston, AllanAllan Houston
SG
Detroit Pistons (1993–1996)
New York Knicks (1996–2005)
1,305
3,247
.402

44
Dunleavy Jr., MikeMike Dunleavy Jr.
SF/SG
Golden State Warriors (2002–2007)
Indiana Pacers (2007–2011)
Milwaukee Bucks (2011–2013)
Chicago Bulls (2013–2016)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2016–2017)
Atlanta Hawks (2017)
1,304
3,460
.377

45
Porter, TerryTerry Porter
PG
Portland Trail Blazers (1985–1995)
Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–1998)
Miami Heat (1999)
San Antonio Spurs (1999–2002)
1,297
3,360
.386

46
Blaylock, MookieMookie Blaylock
PG
New Jersey Nets (1989–1992)
Atlanta Hawks (1992–1999)
Golden State Warriors (1999–2002)
1,283
3,816
.336

47
Lillard, DamianDamian Lillard^
PG
Portland Trail Blazers (2012–present)
1,269
3,447
.368

48
Maxwell, VernonVernon Maxwell
SG
San Antonio Spurs (1988–1990, 1996–1997)
Houston Rockets (1990–1995)
Philadelphia 76ers (1995–1996, 2000)
Orlando Magic (1998)
Charlotte Hornets (1998)
Sacramento Kings (1999)
Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2000)
Dallas Mavericks (2001)
1,256
3,931
.320

49
Robinson, CliffordClifford Robinson
PF/SF
Portland Trail Blazers (1989–1997)
Phoenix Suns (1997–2001)
Detroit Pistons (2001–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2005)
New Jersey Nets (2005–2007)
1,253
3,515
.356

50
Jackson, StephenStephen Jackson
SG/SF
New Jersey Nets (2000–2001)
San Antonio Spurs (2001–2003, 2012–2013)
Atlanta Hawks (2003–2004)
Indiana Pacers (2004–2007)
Golden State Warriors (2007–2009)
Charlotte Bobcats (2009–2011)
Milwaukee Bucks (2011–2012)
Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2014)
1,252
3,763
.333

text: Progressive list of 3-point scoring leaders[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of 3-point scoring leaders showing how the record has increased through the years.

text:
Team abbreviations
Team(s) listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

BOS
Boston Celtics
HOU
Houston Rockets
ORL
Orlando Magic
SEA
Seattle SuperSonics

CHA
Charlotte Bobcats
IND
Indiana Pacers
PHI
Philadelphia 76ers
TOR
Toronto Raptors

CHI
Chicago Bulls
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
PHO
Phoenix Suns
UTA
Utah Jazz

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
MIA
Miami Heat
SAC
Sacramento Kings
WAS
Washington Wizards

DEN
Denver Nuggets
MIL
Milwaukee Bucks
SAS
San Antonio Spurs
WSB
Washington Bullets

GSW
Golden State Warriors
NYK
New York Knicks
SDC
San Diego Clippers

text:
Progressive 3-point leaders

Season
Year-by-year leader
3P
Active player leader
3P
Career record
3P
Single-season record
3P
Season

1979–80
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
1979–80

1980–81
Mike Bratz000CLE
57
134
134
1980–81

1981–82
Don Buse000IND
73
Joe Hassett000GSW
193
Joe Hassett000GSW
193
1981–82

1982–83
Mike Dunleavy000 SAS
67
194
194
1982–83

1983–84
Darrell Griffith000UTA
91
Darrell Griffith000UTA
154
Darrell Griffith000UTA
91
1983–84

1984–85
92
246
Darrell Griffith000UTA
246
92
1984–85

1985–86
Larry Bird*000BOS
82
Larry Bird*000BOS
267
Larry Bird*000BOS
267
1985–86

1986–87
90
357
357
1986–87

1987–88
Danny Ainge000BOS
148
455
455
Danny Ainge000BOS
148
1987–88

1988–89
Michael Adams000DEN
166
Dale Ellis000SEA
472
Dale Ellis000SEA
472
Michael Adams000DEN
166
1988–89

1989–90
158
568
568
1989–90

1990–91
Vernon Maxwell000HOU
172
Michael Adams
000DEN 1990–91
000WSB 1991–92
658
Michael Adams
000DEN 1990–91
000WSB 1991–92
658
Vernon Maxwell000HOU
172
1990–91

1991–92
162
783
783
1991–92

1992–93

Reggie Miller*000IND
Dan Majerle000PHO
167
Dale Ellis
000 SAS 1992–94
000 DEN 1994–97
882
Dale Ellis
000 SAS 1992–94
000 DEN 1994–97
882
1992–93

1993–94
Dan Majerle000PHO
192
1,013
1,013
Dan Majerle000PHO
192
1993–94

1994–95
John Starks000NYK
217
1,119
1,119
John Starks000NYK
217
1994–95

1995–96
Dennis Scott000ORL
267
1,269
1,269
Dennis Scott000ORL
267
1995–96

1996–97
Reggie Miller*000IND
229
1,461
1,461
1996–97

1997–98
Wesley Person000CLE
192
Reggie Miller*000IND
1,596
Reggie Miller*000IND
1,596
1997–98

1998–99
Dee Brown000TOR
135
1,702
1,702
1998–99

1999–00
Gary Payton*000SEA
177
1,867
1,867
1999–00

2000–01
Antoine Walker000BOS
221
2,037
2,037
2000–01

2001–02
Allen, RayRay Allen*000MIL
229
2,217
2,217
2001–02

2002–03
201
2,330
2,330
2002–03

2003–04
Peja Stojaković000SAC
240
2,464
2,464
2003–04

2004–05

Quentin Richardson0PHO
Kyle Korver^00PHI

226
2,560
2,560
2004–05

2005–06
Allen, RayRay Allen*000SEA
269
Allen, RayRay Allen*
000SEA 2005–07
000BOS 2007–12
000MIA 2012–14
1,755
Allen, RayRay Allen*000SEA
269
2005–06

2006–07
Gilbert Arenas00WAS
Raja Bell00PHO

205
1,920
2006–07

2007–08
Jason Richardson†000CHA
243
2,100
2007–08

2008–09
Rashard Lewis000ORL
220
2,299
2008–09

2009–10
Aaron Brooks^000HOU
209
2,444
2009–10

2010–11
Dorell Wright†000GSW
194
2,612
Allen, RayRay Allen*
000BOS 2010–12
000MIA 2012–14
2,612
2010–11

2011–12
Ryan Anderson^000ORL
166
2,718
2,718
2011–12

2012–13
Stephen Curry^000GSW
272
2,857
2,857
Stephen Curry^000GSW
272
2012–13

2013–14
261
2,973
2,973
2013–14

2014–15
286
Jason Terry^
000HOU 2014–16
000MIL 2016–18
2,076
286
2014–15

2015–16
402
2,169
402
2015–16

2016–17
324
2,242
2016–17

2017–18
James Harden^000HOU
265
2,282
2017–18

Season
Year-by-year leader
3P
Active player leader
3P
Career record
3P
Single-season record
3P
Season

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The National Basketball Association did not record 3-point field goals until the 1979–80 season
Jump up ^ "NBA Progressive Leaders and Records for 3-Pt Field Goals". Basketball-Reference.com. Sports-Reference. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b A player is not eligible for induction into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame until he has been fully retired for three calendar years.
^ Jump up to: a b "Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Announces Eligible Candidates for the Class of 2018". Retrieved 29 December 2017.
Jump up ^ American Basketball Association (ABA) teams other than those admitted into the NBA in 1976 are not included; each year is linked to an article about that particular NBA season.

tag: ol


document_title: Careful What You Wish For (film)

question_text: where was be careful what you wish for filmed

text: Careful What You Wish For (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Doug Martin (Nick Jonas) is a young adult spending the summer with his parents at their lake house. When rich investment banker Elliot Harper (Dermot Mulroney) moves in next door, Doug finds himself immediately drawn to Elliot's young wife, Lena Harper (Isabel Lucas). Elliot hires Doug to work on his sailboat, and this gives Doug an excuse to interact with Lena, who is often alone due to Elliot traveling for business. Eventually Lena and Doug begin an affair, starting with Doug losing his virginity to Lena. Lena gets them pre-paid cellphones to communicate on, and constantly warns Doug about Elliot's possessive and jealous nature. Lena also shows signs of physical abuse, which she says are from Elliot.

text: One night Lena calls Doug over to house, where he finds Elliot dead on the floor. Lena claims he attacked her and she accidentally killed him when she fought back. After some major trepidation on Doug's part, Lena convinces him to help her cover up her part in Elliot's death. Soon after an insurance investigator named Angie Alvarez (Kandyse McClure) shows up to investigate Elliot's death, due to the large settlement of 10 million dollars Lena is now set to receive from his life insurance. Suspicion quickly falls on Doug, and he grows nervous from the increased attention on him by both Angie and the town Sheriff (Paul Sorvino). Eventually he realizes that Lena has been manipulating him this whole time, intending to frame him for Elliot's murder; she claims that instead of a consensual affair Doug had been stalking her and raped her, and then killed Elliot in a jealous rage. Doug's attempts to prove his innocence are thwarted at every turn, presumably by Lena. For example, a gardener of the Harper's who had seen Doug and Lena together turns up murdered before the police can talk to him.

text: With the police ready to arrest him and with Lena having received the insurance money, Doug follows her to a hotel she is at with Angela, intending to retrieve one of the pre-paid cellphones he and Lena used from her person for evidence. It is there that Doug realizes that Angela is actually Lena's lover and has been her accomplice since the beginning. At first it seems that Lena will leave Doug to take the rap, however in a last gesture of love she decides to leave Doug the cell phone, which contains the exonerating evidence he needs. Angela & Lena flee the country on a private plane.

text: In the closing voice-over, Doug explains how he was eventually sent to prison, but on reduced charges for a short period of time. Lena and Angela are still on the run. He contemplates if he would do it all over again.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Nick Jonas as Doug Martin
Isabel Lucas as Lena Harper
Kandyse McClure as Angie Alvarez
Graham Rogers as Carson
Dermot Mulroney as Elliott Harper
Marc Macaulay as Gordon
Paul Sorvino as The Sheriff
John Driskell Hopkins as Gus
Alex ter Avest as Emma Shalloway
David Sherrill as Brian
Kiki Harris as Emily Martin
Jay Potter as Richard

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: In September 2012, it was announced that Isabel Lucas had joined the cast of the film, with Elizabeth Allen directing the film from a script by Chris Frisina, with Hyde Park-Image Nation, Troika Pictures and Merced Media Partners will finance and producing the film.[1] In January 2013, a casting call for the film was held.[2] In March 2013, it was announced that Nick Jonas had joined the cast of the film, portraying the role of a man who starts an affair with the wife of an investment banker.[3] That same month, it was announced that Dermot Mulroney had joined the cast of the film, portraying the role of an investment banker who is married to Lena.[4] In April 2013, it was announced that Graham Rogers had joined the cast of the film, portraying the role of Doug's best friend.[5] That same month, it was also announced that Paul Sorvino had been cast in the film, portraying the role of a sheriff.[6]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Production on the film began on April 22, 2013, in North Carolina,[6][3][7][8] and concluded in May 2013.[9] The film was partially financed by $1,193,150 (approximately 25% of the film's costs) in film production tax credits allocated by the State of North Carolina's Department of Revenue.[10][11]

text: Release[edit]

text: Prior to production on the film, Hyde Park International sold international distribution rights to the film in Germany, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Middle East, Turkey, Portugal, South Africa and Indonesia.[12][13] The film aired in Spain on August 22, 2015, to a success of 1.4 million viewers during the first airing.[14] In March 2016, Starz Digital acquired U.S distribution rights to the film.[3] The film was scheduled to be released on June 10, 2016.[15]


document_title: Grimm (season 6)

question_text: when does season 6 of grimm come out

question_tokens: when does season 6 of grimm come out

text: Grimm (season 6)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
David Giuntoli as Nick Burkhardt
Russell Hornsby as Hank Griffin
Silas Weir Mitchell as Monroe
Elizabeth Tulloch as Julliette
Reggie Lee as Sergeant Drew Wu
Sasha Roiz as Captain Sean Renard
Bree Turner as Rosalee Calvert
Claire Coffee as Adalind Schade

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Chris McKenna as Lt. Grossante[3][4]
Jacqueline Toboni as Theresa "Trubel" Rubel
Danny Bruno as Bud Wurstner
Hannah R. Loyd as Diana
Damien Puckler as Martin Meisner

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Alla Korot as Dasha Karpushin[5]
Kevin Joy as Adult Kelly Burkhardt
Nicole Steinwedell as Adult Diana
Wil Traval as Zerstorer
Douglas Trait as Skull Zerstorer

text: Special guest stars[edit]

text:
Kate Burton as Marie Kessler
Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio as Kelly Burkhardt

text: Production[edit]

text: On December 31, 2016, it was revealed that the sixth season would consist of at least 13 episodes, unlike previous seasons.[2]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On July 27, 2016, Chris McKenna was cast as Lt. Grossante, a formidable and driven "military-type" cop.[3][4]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

111
1
"Fugitive"
Aaron Lipstadt
David Greenwalt & Jim Kouf
January 6, 2017 (2017-01-06)
601
4.49[6]

After killing Bonaparte, Renard uses his power as mayor and police chief to issue an APB and shoot-to-kill order on Nick, in an attempt to legally blame him for the events at the loft, as well as the North Precinct police station. Forced to lay low, Nick hides in Bud's repair shop, while Juliet/Eve continues to feel complications after being healed. Despite his efforts, Nick is quickly found. The episode ends with Renard giving the order to surround the repair shop.

Opening quote: "Maybe this world is another planet's hell."

112
2
"Trust Me Knot"
John Gray
David Greenwalt & Jim Kouf
January 13, 2017 (2017-01-13)
602
4.24[7]

Hank and Wu may have figured out a way to stop Renard, while Nick is still on the run from Renard's manhunt. Elsewhere, Eve tries to figure out the cloth's mysteries. Adalind receives a phone call that puts her in the middle of everything, and Monroe and Rosalee have some babysitting adventures with Diana.

Opening quote: "Man is not what he thinks he is, he is what he hides."

113
3
"Oh Captain, My Captain"
David Giuntoli
Thomas Ian Griffith
January 20, 2017 (2017-01-20)
603
4.29[8]

Nick pulls one last trick on Renard – to turn himself into Renard. The actual Renard finds out and must deal with the copycat. Meanwhile, the team makes sure that Nick's plan will come to fruition. After Nick, as Renard, publicly renounces becoming the city's mayor, the two finally fight on a roof and reach a deal.

Opening quote: "You will face yourself again in a moment of terror..."

114
4
"El Cuegle"
Carlos Avila
Brenna Kouf
January 27, 2017 (2017-01-27)
604
4.28[9]

After being reinstated, Nick and Hank have to investigate the kidnapping of a baby boy. The kidnapper turns out to be a Wessen of the Cuegle type, that claims he has visions of the babies' futures, and only eats those who will grow up to do truly terrible things. Meanwhile, Renard keeps having discussions with his Meisner hallucination.

Opening quote: "Foretold our fate; but, by the god's decree, all heard, and none believed the prophecy."

115
5
"The Seven Year Itch"
Lee Rose
Jeff Miller
February 3, 2017 (2017-02-03)
605
4.08[10]

A murder and the discovery of a body in a park lead Nick and Hank to an insect Wessen that emerges from the Earth every seven years for 24 hours. During that time, he has to capture a victim to drag underground to eat for the next seven years. Back in the loft, Adalind, thanks to Diana, finds an injured Eve in the tunnels, where she has painted the wooden shard's cloth symbols in the walls during a trance. Meanwhile, Monroe and Rosalee learn they're expecting triplets and Renard tries to discover if Meisner is a ghost or an hallucination.

Opening quote: "When something itches my dear sir, the natural tendency is to scratch."

116
6
"Breakfast in Bed"
Julie Herlocker
Kyle McVey
February 10, 2017 (2017-02-10)
606
4.00[11]

A violent murder puts Nick and Hank on the tail of an alp, a Wessen that eats dreams and seems to be using a cheap hotel as hunting ground. Meanwhile, Eve, Monroe and Rosalee try to decipher the symbols on the cloth that covered the wooden shard, discovering it is an astronomical map that points to a future date. Meisner's ghost warns Renard of an ambush by the Black Claw and Renard dispatches them.

Opening quote: "Sleep is good, death is better; but of course, the best thing would be to have never been born at all."

117
7
"Blind Love"
Aaron Lipstadt
Sean Calder
February 17, 2017 (2017-02-17)
607
3.92[12]

Rosalee surprises Monroe with a getaway for his birthday and invites most of the gang to join them. Things take a shocking turn when a hotel employee targets Nick in an effort to avenge his father. Using some body fluids, he makes all of them, except Rosalee due to her pregnancy, fall in love randomly with each other, so they will fight each other to death. The spell breaks when he's killed. Meanwhile, Eve gets a visit from a dark force that she has seen before. Elsewhere, Capt. Renard spends the weekend with Diana when a former ally, Lt. Grossante, decides to get even by kidnapping her. But he's unaware of her powers, and she gives him a painful lesson.

Opening quote: "Love looks not with the eyes but with the mind, and therefore is winged Cupid painted blind."

118
8
"The Son Also Rises"
Peter Werner
Todd Milliner & Nick Peet
February 24, 2017 (2017-02-24)
608
4.01[13]

Eve decides to stay at the Spice Shop, but she's once again attacked from the other side of a mirror, and Monroe and Rosalee find her unconscious in the morning. While Nick sits at her bedside at the hospital, Hank and Wu investigate the killings of several scientists, that leads them to uncover a Frankenstein-type experiment involving Wessen body parts to revive a scientist's son. Meanwhile, Renard tries to decipher the tunnel symbols that Diana drew, and his contact tells him part of it is some kind of prophecy.

Opening quote: "No man chooses evil because it is evil; he only mistakes it for happiness."

119
9
"Tree People"
Jim Kouf
Brenna Kouf
March 3, 2017 (2017-03-03)
609
4.23[14]

After learning about Eve and Nick's experiences with the mirror, all the group decides to use a buddy system when looking into a mirror, to prevent anyone from being taken. Nick, Hank and Wu investigate the case of a poacher who claims that his friend was killed by a tree-like monster, and they soon find more unexplained disappearances in the same forest. When they find a tree with human faces, they deduce it's the joint work of two creatures, a kenoshimobi and a yuboko. With Monroe and Rosalee's help, they set up a trap, and they're apparently successful in stopping them.

Opening quote: "In the morning, glad I see my foe outstretched beneath the tree."

120
10
"Blood Magic"
Janice Cooke
Thomas Ian Griffith
March 10, 2017 (2017-03-10)
610
3.95[15]

Monroe and Rosalee tape off all the mirrors. Eve asks Adalind for help, and she lends Eve her mother's magic books. Eve asks questions to Adalind that only a Hexenbiest can give. Nick, Hank and Wu investigate a series of murders, one of which in a local nursing home, which leads Monroe and Rosalee to inform them about euthanasia being practiced in the Wesen community in Wesen with dementia, by the way of an insect Wesen called the Gevatter Tod. When an old Wesen man with dementia is deemed responsible for the two violent murders, Nick and the others allow the Gevatter Tod to do his job. Dasha says about an ancient prophecy predicts something coming. Renard decides to ask Nick about the mysterious symbols in the passageway. Eve uses blood magic to cross the mirror.

Opening quote: "Nothing, they say is more certain than death, and nothing more uncertain than the time of dying."

121
11
"Where the Wild Things Were"
Terrence O'Hara
Brenna Kouf
March 17, 2017 (2017-03-17)
611
3.96[16]

Eve finds a spell to walk through the mirror. Nick follows her using the wooden stick and they end up in a strange land resembling the Schwarzwald (Black Forest), where Wesen and primitive humans fight and cannibalize each other. Meanwhile, the others decide to show Renard the tunnel and the wooden stick in the hopes his friend could help them. Renard's friend tells them of a prophecy that speaks of the coming of the Devil, that will take a "shaphat" (child bride) and have 100 children with her, and she believes Diana is the Shaphat. At the other side, Nick and Eve identify their enemy as the Zerstörer, and the episode ends as they confront him.

Opening quote: "Hell is empty, and all the devils are here."

122
12
"Zerstörer Shrugged"
Aaron Lipstadt
Story by: David Greenwalt & Jim Kouf
Teleplay by: Brenna Kouf
March 24, 2017 (2017-03-24)
612
4.14[17]

Nick and Eve unsuccessfully confront the Zerstörer ("Destroyer" in German) in his dimension, while their friends discover that the Zerstörer needs a Grimm to cross the portal today, the day of the prophecy. Diana opens the portal, bringing Nick and a now-human Eve back. The Zerstörer has also crossed, and is leaving a bloody trail in his wake. Diana hides with Kelly in the cabin in the woods from "Pilot" under Adalind and Renard's protection. Meanwhile, Monroe, Rosalee, and Eve deduce that the stick is actually a long-hidden shard of wood from Zerstörer's staff, that might have belonged to many historical figures in the past. Trubel arrives, having finished dismantling the criminal Wesen organization Black Claw for good. When the Zerstörer attacks the precinct, Wu and Hank are fatally injured, and Nick is overpowered.

Opening quote: "You shall break them with a rod."

123
13
"The End"
David Greenwalt
Jim Kouf & David Greenwalt
March 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)
613
4.33[18]

With Hank and Wu dead, Zerstörer decides to hit the Spice Shop and Eve is fatally injured. Having killed everyone, Zerstörer explains to Nick he can revive them all if he gives him the stick. With the help of Trubel, Aunt Marie and Kelly, they kill Zerstörer, making the staff Nick's, the stick gets sucked towards the staff, making it whole again. However, a portal to "The Other Place" appears as Nick tries to revive Adalind with his new-found power and pulls Nick in. He appears back in Monroe and Rosalee's house, where he discovers it was all a test to discover if he was worthy of the staff.
Twenty years later, Kelly and Diana are continuing the Grimm legacy, fighting alongside Nick and Adalind as well as Monroe and Rosalee's triplets.

Opening quote: "Thy rod and thy staff they comfort me."

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Fugitive"
January 6, 2017
0.9/4
4.49[6]
0.5
N/A
1.4[19]
N/A

2
"Trust Me Knot"
January 13, 2017
0.8/3
4.24[7]
0.7
2.04
1.5
6.29[20]

3
"Oh Captain, My Captain"
January 20, 2017
0.8/3
4.29[8]
0.6
1.92
1.4
6.21[21]

4
"El Cuegle"
January 27, 2017
0.8/3
4.28[9]
0.7
2.01
1.5
6.29[22]

5
"The Seven Year Itch"
February 3, 2017
0.8/3
4.08[10]
0.7
2.12
1.5
6.27[23]

6
"Breakfast in Bed"
February 10, 2017
0.7/3
4.00[11]
0.7
N/A
1.4[24]
N/A

7
"Blind Love"
February 17, 2017
0.8/3
3.92[12]
0.6
N/A
1.4[25]
N/A

8
"The Son Also Rises"
February 24, 2017
0.8/3
4.01[13]
0.7
2.09
1.5
6.09[26]

9
"Tree People"
March 3, 2017
0.8/3
4.23[14]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

10
"Blood Magic"
March 10, 2017
0.7/3
3.95[15]
0.6
1.83
1.3
5.80[27]

11
"Where the Wild Things Were"
March 17, 2017
0.8/3
3.96[16]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

12
"Zerstörer Shrugged"
March 24, 2017
0.8/3
4.14[17]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

13
"The End"
March 31, 2017
0.9/4
4.33[18]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD


document_title: Uncle Drew

question_text: who is uncle drew in the movie uncle drew

text: Uncle Drew

text: Plot[edit]

text: Dax (Lil Rel Howery) convinces former basketball playground legend Uncle Drew (Kyrie Irving) to join a street ball tournament at the Rucker Park in Harlem after losing his basketball team to his rival Mookie (Nick Kroll). Uncle Drew agrees but as one of the conditions, he will have to form his own team. The two set out on a road trip to pick up Drew's old basketball squad.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Kyrie Irving as Uncle Drew, a streetball legend.
Lil Rel Howery as Dax, a streetball team manager.

Ashton Tyler as Young Dax

Shaquille O'Neal as Big Fella, Uncle Drew's former teammate who now runs a martial-arts dojo.
Chris Webber as Preacher, Uncle Drew's former teammate who is now a church minister
Reggie Miller as Lights, Uncle Drew's former teammate who presently seems to be legally blind.
Nate Robinson as Boots, Uncle Drew's former teammate who now lives in a retirement home.
Lisa Leslie as Betty Lou
Erica Ash as Maya
JB Smoove as Angelo
Mike Epps
Tiffany Haddish as Jess
Nick Kroll as Mookie, Dax's longtime rival.
Aaron Gordon

text: Production[edit]

text: On February 16, 2017, PepsiCo confirmed that they are developing a script for a film that will feature Uncle Drew and will partner with Temple Hill Entertainment for the production.[2] On September 5, 2017, ESPN's SportsCenter revealed the cast via their Twitter account.[3] Lil Rel revealed that Kyrie Irving heard about his trade from the Cleveland Cavaliers to the Boston Celtics while filming.[4]

text: Release[edit]

text: On February 12, 2018, Kyrie Irving announced the release date of June 29, 2018 via his Twitter account.[5]


document_title: Marco Polo (app)

question_text: when did the marco polo app come out

question_tokens: when did the marco polo app come out

text: Marco Polo (app)

text: Marco Polo is a video messaging and video hosting service mobile app. The app has been among the most popular free apps in the world since 2016.[1] The app was created in 2014.[2] The app markets itself as a video walkie talkie.[3]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Akhtar, Iyaz (October 3, 2016). "Hottest Android apps in September: iOS users, don't run away. Every trending app in the Google Play store has an iOS version, too". CNET. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Lynley, Matthew (October 19, 2018). "Someone knows something about this Marco Polo app that we don't". TechCrunch. Retrieved January 11, 2018.
Jump up ^ Hartmans, Avery (September 11, 2017). "Here's how to use Marco Polo, the video messaging app that could replace Snapchat one day". Business Insider. Retrieved January 11, 2018.

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Social networking services

Websites

Personal

23snaps
Amikumu
aNobii
AsianAve
ASKfm
Badoo
Bebo
Cloob
Cyworld
Diaspora
Draugiem.lv
Ello
Facebook
Foursquare
Gab
Google+
Hello
Hi5
Highlight
Idka
Instagram
Keek
LiveJournal
Lifeknot
LockerDome
Marco Polo
Mastodon
MeetMe
Miaopai
micro.blog
MixBit
Mixi
Musical.ly
Myspace
My World
Nasza-klasa.pl
Nextdoor
OK.ru
Path
Peach
Periscope
Pinterest
Pixnet
Qzone
Readgeek
Renren
Sina Weibo
Slidely
Snapchat
SNOW
Spaces
Spring.me
Streetlife
StudiVZ
Swarm
Tagged
Taringa!
tbh
Tea Party Community
Tinder
Tout
Tuenti
TV Time
Tumblr
Twitter
Untappd
VK
Whisper
Xanga
Yo

Professional

Academia.edu
Brainly
BranchOut
Edmodo
IBM Connections
LinkedIn
Moodle
ResearchGate
Sciencescape (Metaα)
Solaborate
Viadeo
XING
IdeaPlane
Yammer

Defunct

App.net
Avatars United
Bolt
Capazoo
eConozco
Emojli
FitFinder
Formspring
FriendFeed
Friends Reunited
Friendster
Grono.net
Google Buzz
Heello
Hyves
iTunes Ping
iWiW
Jaiku
LunarStorm
Me2day
Meerkat
Mobli
Mugshot
Natter Social Network
Netlog
Orkut
Pheed
Piczo
PlanetAll
Posterous
Pownce
Qaiku
SixDegrees.com
So.cl
Surfbook
Tribe.net
Tsū
tvtag
Vine
Windows Live Spaces
Wretch
Yahoo! 360°
Yahoo! Kickstart
Yahoo! Mash
Yahoo! Meme
Yik Yak

White-label services

Ning
Wall.fm

Tools

Social network analysis software
Diaspora (software)
Web 2.0 Suicide Machine

General

Comparison of software
Online identity
User profile
Virtual community
1+ million users
100+ million users

Applications

Social network advertising
Social network hosting service
Online dating service (comparison)
Mobile

User interface

Activity stream
Brand page
Like button
Hashtag
Groups
Reblogging
Polling
Internet petitions

Implications

Privacy issues
User gender difference
Use in investigations

Related concepts

Small-world experiment
Small-world network
Social network
Cybersectarianism
Panopticon

Protocols

Micropub
Webmention

Defunct

Distributed Social Networking Protocol
OpenSocial

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Instant messaging

Protocols
(comparison)

Open

IMPP
IRC
Matrix
MTProto
RetroShare
Signal Protocol
SIP

MSRP
SIMPLE

Tox
XMPP

Jingle
WFP

Zephyr
DDP

Closed

MSNP
OSCAR

TOC

Skype
YMSG

Services

BAND
BlackBerry Messenger
Discord
Facebook Messenger
FireChat
Google Allo
Google Hangouts
GroupMe
Hike Messenger
HipChat
ICQ
iGap
iMessage
IRC Networks
KakaoTalk
Kik
Libon
Line
Marco Polo
Nimbuzz
Palringo
Signal
Skype
Skype Qik
Slack
Snapchat
SNOW
Tango
Telegram
QQ
Threema
Tox
Trillian
Upptalk
Veon
Viber
WeChat
WhatsApp
Wickr
Windows Messenger service
Yahoo! Messenger
Zulip

Clients
(comparison)

Single protocol

Allo
Baidu Hi
BlackBerry Messenger
CSipSimple
Facebook Messenger
FaceTime
Fetion
Gadu-Gadu
GroupMe
IBM Sametime
ICQ
IMVU
Linphone
Palringo
RetroShare
Ricochet
Ring
Signal
Skype
Telegram
Tencent QQ
Tox
WeChat
WhatsApp
Wickr
Wire
Yahoo! Messenger

Multi-protocol

Adium
Ayttm
BitlBee
Centericq
eBuddy
Empathy
Fire
Instantbird
Jitsi
Kopete
Messages/iChat
Miranda IM
Nimbuzz
Pidgin
QIP 2010
Skype for Business
Trillian
Telepathy
Upptalk
Xfire

XMPP (Jabber)

Bombus
ChatSecure
Conversations
Gajim
Psi
Tkabber
Spark

MSNP

aMSN
Skype

Defunct

List of defunct instant messaging platforms

See also

Backchannel
Buddy profile
Chat log
Chatbot
Contact list
Emoticon
File sharing
Instant message service center
LAN messenger
Messaging apps
Presence information
Shoutbox
SMS language
Status message
Videotelephony
Voice over IP
Webcam
Web chat
Circuit
FirstClass
Flock
Fuze Box
Glip
Hall.com
Lua
Yammer

text: Internet properties established in 2014Android (operating system) softwareIOS softwareVideo softwareSocial networking services2014 softwareProprietary cross-platform software


document_title: List of most-viewed YouTube videos

question_text: what is the youtube video with the most views

text: List of most-viewed YouTube videos

text: Top videos

text: The following table lists the top 100 most viewed videos on YouTube, with each total rounded to the nearest 10 million views, as well as the creator and date of publication to YouTube.[A]

text:
Rank
Video name
Uploader / artist
Views (billions)
Upload date
Notes

/
"Despacito"[9]
Luis Fonsi featuring Daddy Yankee
5.02
January 12, 2017
[B] The video was taken down on April 10th 2018 by a hacker.

2.
"See You Again"[14]
Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth
3.50
April 6, 2015
[C]

3.
"Shape of You"[21]
Ed Sheeran
3.43
January 30, 2017
[D]

4.
"Gangnam Style"[22]
Psy
3.14
July 15, 2012
[E]

5.
"Uptown Funk"[27]
Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars
3.01
November 19, 2014
[F]

6.
"Masha and the Bear: Recipe for Disaster"[28]
Get Movies
2.97
January 31, 2012
[G]

7.
"Sorry"[29]
Justin Bieber
2.91
October 22, 2015

8.
"Sugar"[30]
Maroon 5
2.54
January 14, 2015

9.
"Shake It Off"[31]
Taylor Swift
2.54
August 18, 2014

10.
"Bailando"[32]
Enrique Iglesias featuring Descemer Bueno and Gente De Zona
2.49
April 11, 2014

11.
"Roar"[33]
Katy Perry
2.47
September 5, 2013

12.
"Lean On"[34]
Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ
2.29
March 22, 2015

13.
"Hello"[35]
Adele
2.28
October 22, 2015
[H]

14.
"Dark Horse"[37]
Katy Perry featuring Juicy J
2.28
February 20, 2014

15.
"Blank Space"[38]
Taylor Swift
2.28
November 10, 2014

16.
"Thinking Out Loud"[39]
Ed Sheeran
2.23
October 7, 2014

17.
"Counting Stars"[40]
OneRepublic
2.19
May 31, 2013

18.
"All About That Bass"[41]
Meghan Trainor
2.18
June 11, 2014

19.
"Chantaje"[42]
Shakira featuring Maluma
2.14
November 18, 2016

20.
"Wheels on the Bus"[43]
LittleBabyBum
2.10
August 9, 2014

21.
"Closer (Lyric video)"[44]
The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey
2.07
July 29, 2016
[I]

22.
"This Is What You Came For"[45]
Calvin Harris featuring Rihanna
1.97
June 16, 2016

23.
"What Do You Mean?"[46]
Justin Bieber
1.89
August 30, 2015

24.
"Baby"[47]
Justin Bieber featuring Ludacris
1.86
February 19, 2010
[J]

25.
"Let Her Go"[50]
Passenger
1.83
July 25, 2012

26.
"Chandelier"[51]
Sia
1.82
May 6, 2014

27.
"Work from Home"[52]
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla $ign
1.81
February 26, 2016

28.
"Rockabye"[53]
Clean Bandit featuring Sean Paul & Anne-Marie
1.80
October 21, 2016

29.
"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)"[54]
Shakira featuring Freshlyground
1.79
June 4, 2010

30.
"We Don't Talk Anymore"[55]
Charlie Puth featuring Selena Gomez
1.74
August 2, 2016

31.
"Mi Gente"[56]
J Balvin and Willy William
1.73
June 29, 2017

32.
"Love Me Like You Do"[57]
Ellie Goulding
1.71
January 22, 2015

33.
"Faded"[58]
Alan Walker
1.64
December 3, 2015

34.
"Treat You Better"[59]
Shawn Mendes
1.55
July 12, 2016

35.
"Worth It"[60]
Fifth Harmony featuring Kid Ink
1.55
March 28, 2015

36.
"Love the Way You Lie"[61]
Eminem featuring Rihanna
1.52
August 5, 2010

37.
"Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae)"[62]
Silentó
1.49
June 25, 2015

38.
"Rude"[63]
Magic!
1.48
December 5, 2013

39.
"Wake Me Up"[64]
Avicii featuring Aloe Blacc
1.47
July 29, 2013

40.
"Ay Vamos"[65]
J Balvin
1.47
August 29, 2014

41.
"Party Rock Anthem"[66]
LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett and GoonRock
1.44
March 8, 2011

42.
"Let It Go"[67]
Idina Menzel
1.44
January 30, 2014
[K]

43.
"Johny Johny Yes Papa"[69]
ChuChu TV
1.43
November 14, 2014
[L]

44.
"Vente Pa' Ca"[71]
Ricky Martin featuring Maluma
1.39
September 22, 2016

45.
"Hotline Bling"[72]
Drake
1.37
October 26, 2015

46.
"The Lazy Song"[73]
Bruno Mars
1.35
April 15, 2011

47.
"Propuesta Indecente"[74]
Romeo Santos
1.34
September 9, 2013

48.
"Love Yourself"[75]
Justin Bieber
1.33
November 14, 2015

49.
"Starboy"[76]
The Weeknd featuring Daft Punk
1.33
September 28, 2016

50.
"Felices los 4"[77]
Maluma
1.31
April 21, 2017

51.
"Rolling in the Deep"[78]
Adele
1.31
November 30, 2010

52.
"Stressed Out"[79]
Twenty One Pilots
1.31
April 27, 2015

53.
"The Gummy Bear Song"[80]
icanrockyourworld
1.30
October 9, 2007
[M]

54.
"All of Me"[81]
John Legend
1.30
October 2, 2013

55.
"Hasta el Amanecer"[82]
Nicky Jam
1.30
January 14, 2016

56.
"Side to Side"[83]
Ariana Grande featuring Nicki Minaj
1.29
August 29, 2016

57.
"Reggaetón Lento (Bailemos)"[84]
CNCO
1.28
October 7, 2016

58.
"Criminal"[85]
Natti Natasha featuring Ozuna
1.26
August 18, 2017

59.
"Huge Eggs Surprise Toys Challenge"[86]
Ryan ToysReview
1.23
April 13, 2016

60.
"That's What I Like"[87]
Bruno Mars
1.22
March 2, 2017

61.
"Burn"[88]
Ellie Goulding
1.22
July 7, 2013

62.
"How Deep Is Your Love"[89]
Calvin Harris featuring Disciples
1.20
August 6, 2015

63.
"Summer"[90]
Calvin Harris
1.20
April 6, 2014

64.
"Hey Mama"[91]
David Guetta featuring Nicki Minaj, Bebe Rexha and Afrojack
1.20
May 19, 2015

65.
"On the Floor"[92]
Jennifer Lopez featuring Pitbull
1.20
March 3, 2011

66.
"The Hills"[93]
The Weeknd
1.20
May 27, 2015

67.
"Bad Blood"[94]
Taylor Swift featuring Kendrick Lamar
1.19
May 17, 2015

68.
"Andas en Mi Cabeza"[95]
Chino & Nacho featuring Daddy Yankee
1.19
April 20, 2016

69.
"Picky"[96]
Joey Montana
1.18
June 29, 2015

70.
"Shaky Shaky"[97]
Daddy Yankee
1.18
July 14, 2016

71.
"Baby Shark Dance"[98]
Pinkfong! Kids' Songs & Stories
1.18
June 17, 2016

72.
"Thrift Shop"[99]
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Wanz
1.17
August 29, 2012

73.
"Échame la Culpa"[100]
Luis Fonsi and Demi Lovato
1.17
November 16, 2017

74.
"Gentleman"[101]
Psy
1.16
April 13, 2013

75.
"Diamonds"[102]
Rihanna
1.16
November 8, 2012

76.
"Animals"[103]
Martin Garrix
1.14
June 17, 2013

77.
"New Rules"[104]
Dua Lipa
1.14
July 7, 2017

78.
"Bang Bang"[105]
Jessie J, Ariana Grande and Nicki Minaj
1.14
August 25, 2014

79.
"El Perdón"[106]
Nicky Jam featuring Enrique Iglesias
1.12
March 23, 2015

80.
"La Bicicleta"[107]
Carlos Vives and Shakira
1.12
July 8, 2016

81.
"Axel F"[108]
Crazy Frog
1.12
June 16, 2009

82.
"El Pollito Pio"[109]
pulcinopiotv
1.12
November 29, 2012

83.
"Mayores"[110]
Becky G and Bad Bunny
1.12
July 13, 2017

84.
"El Perdedor"[111]
Maluma
1.11
April 22, 2016

85.
"Just the Way You Are"[112]
Bruno Mars
1.10
September 8, 2010

86.
"Problem"[113]
Ariana Grande featuring Iggy Azalea
1.10
May 30, 2014

87.
"Firework"[114]
Katy Perry
1.09
October 28, 2010

88.
"Me Rehúso"[115]
Danny Ocean
1.09
September 18, 2016

89.
"El Amante"[116]
Nicky Jam
1.08
January 15, 2017

90.
"Not Afraid"[117]
Eminem
1.08
June 4, 2010

91.
"Ahora Dice"[118]
Chris Jeday featuring J Balvin, Ozuna and Arcángel
1.08
March 19, 2017

92.
"Masha and the Bear: Bon appétit!"[119]
Get Movies
1.07
September 21, 2012

93.
"Swalla"[120]
Jason Derulo featuring Nicki Minaj & Ty Dolla Sign
1.07
March 17, 2017

94.
"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"[121]
Katy Perry
1.06
June 12, 2011

95.
"Someone like You"[122]
Adele
1.06
September 29, 2011

96.
"Something Just like This (Lyric video)"[123]
The Chainsmokers and Coldplay
1.06
February 22, 2017

97.
"Somebody That I Used to Know"[124]
Gotye featuring Kimbra
1.06
July 5, 2011

98.
"La Mordidita"[125]
Ricky Martin featuring Yotuel
1.05
June 12, 2015

99.
"Call Me Maybe"[126]
Carly Rae Jepsen
1.04
March 1, 2012

100.
"Cheap Thrills (Lyric video)"[127]
Sia featuring Sean Paul
1.04
February 11, 2016

As of April 9, 2018

text: By year of release

text: The following table lists the current top 5 most viewed YouTube videos uploaded in each year, with each total rounded to the nearest ten million views, as well as the uploader and date of publication to YouTube.[N]

text: As of April 2018, Katy Perry has the most appearances on the list with four, while Taylor Swift, Adele and Bruno Mars have three. Only Linkin Park (2007), Gummibär/icanrockyourworld (2007) and Taylor Swift (2014) have two videos in the top 5 of a single year, with both the English and French versions of Gummibär's The Gummy Bear Song being in the top five videos of 2007. Only three videos on the list are not music videos.

text:
Year
Video name
Uploader
Views (billions)
Upload date
Notes

2005
"Life Goes On"[128]
fhearnoiz
0.10
September 22, 2005

"guitar"[129]
guitar90
0.09
December 20, 2005

"Hurt"[130]
beachbuggy
0.08
December 12, 2005

"Tarzan Boy"[131]
nailofgilead
0.07
November 2, 2005

"Bohemian Rhapsody"[132]
Frozentoast
0.06
September 18, 2005

Combined views (2005)
0.40
[133][134]

2006
[O]
"Galinha Pintadinha - videoclip infantil animado"[135]
Galinha Pintadinha
0.49
December 28, 2006

"Ella y Yo"[136]
JosephIngma
0.33
April 27, 2006

"Evolution of Dance"[137]
Judson Laipply
0.30
April 6, 2006
[P]

"I Write Sins Not Tragedies"[138]
Fueled By Ramen
0.23
July 18, 2006

"If you are happy"[139]
Alicia Kids!
0.18
September 5, 2006

Combined views (2006)
1.53
[140][141]

2007
[Q]
"The Gummy Bear Song"[80]
icanrockyourworld
1.27
October 9, 2007

"Charlie Bit My Finger"[142]
HDCYT
0.86
May 22, 2007
[R]

"Numb"[143]
Linkin Park
0.81
March 4, 2007

"Je m'appelle Funny Bear"[144]
icanrockyourworld
0.35
October 15, 2007

"What I've Done"[145]
Linkin Park
0.35
April 3, 2007

Combined views (2007)
3.64
[140][141]

2008
"Hot n Cold"[146]
KatyPerryVEVO
0.78
October 13, 2008

"Pintinho Amarelinho - DVD Galena Pintadinha"[147]
Galinha Pintadinha
0.53
September 15, 2008

"Bohemian Rhapsody"[148]
Queen Official
0.52
August 1, 2008

"Viva la Vida"[149]
Coldplay Official
0.48
August 4, 2008

"Colgando en tus manos"[150]
Carlos Baute
0.38
October 29, 2008

Combined views (2008)
2.69
[140]

2009
"Axel F"[108]
CrazyFrogVEVO
1.12
June 16, 2009

"November Rain"[151]
GunsNRosesVEVO
0.97
December 24, 2009

"Bad Romance"[152]
Lady Gaga
0.91
November 23, 2009
[S]

"You Belong with Me"[153]
TaylorSwiftVEVO
0.82
June 16, 2009

"Zombie"[154]
TheCranberriesVEVO
0.70
June 16, 2009

Combined views (2009)
4.52
[140]

2010
"Baby"[47]
Justin Bieber
1.85
February 19, 2010
[T]

"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)"[54]
shakiraVEVO
1.77
June 4, 2010

"Love the Way You Lie"[61]
EminemVEVO
1.51
August 5, 2010

"Rolling in the Deep"[78]
AdeleVEVO
1.30
November 30, 2010

"Just the Way You Are"[112]
Bruno Mars
1.09
September 8, 2010

Combined views (2010)
7.52
[140]

2011
"Party Rock Anthem"[66]
LMFAOVEVO
1.44
March 8, 2011

"The Lazy Song"[73]
Bruno Mars
1.34
April 15, 2011

"On the Floor"[92]
JenniferLopezVEVO
1.19
March 3, 2011

"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"[121]
KatyPerryVEVO
1.06
June 12, 2011

"Someone like You"[122]
AdeleVEVO
1.05
September 29, 2011

Combined views (2011)
6.08
[140]

2012
"Gangnam Style"[22]
officialpsy
3.14
July 15, 2012
[U]

"Маша и Медведь - Маша плюс каша"[28]
Get Movies
2.96
January 31, 2012

"Let Her Go"[50]
Passenger
1.82
July 25, 2012

"Thrift Shop"[99]
Macklemore LCC
1.17
August 29, 2012

"Diamonds"[102]
Rihanna
1.15
November 8, 2012

Combined views (2012)
10.24
[140]

2013
"Roar"[33]
KatyPerryVEVO
2.46
September 5, 2013

"Counting Stars"[40]
OneRepublicVEVO
2.18
May 31, 2013

"Rude"[63]
ournameismagicVEVO
1.47
December 5, 2013

"Wake Me Up"[64]
AviciiOfficialVEVO
1.46
July 29, 2013

"Propuesta Indecente"[74]
RomeoSantosVEVO
1.34
September 9, 2013

Combined views (2013)
8.91
[140]

2014
"Uptown Funk"[27]
MarkRonsonVEVO
3.01
November 19, 2014

"Shake It Off"[31]
TaylorSwiftVEVO
2.53
August 18, 2014

"Bailando"[32]
EnriqueIglesiasVEVO
2.49
April 11, 2014

"Blank Space"[38]
TaylorSwiftVEVO
2.27
November 10, 2014

"Dark Horse"[37]
KatyPerryVEVO
2.27
February 20, 2014

Combined views (2014)
12.57
[140]

2015
"See You Again"[14]
Wiz Khalifa
3.50
April 6, 2015
[V]

"Sorry"[29]
Justin Bieber
2.91
October 22, 2015

"Sugar"[30]
Maroon5VEVO
2.54
January 14, 2015

"Lean On"[34]
majorlazer
2.29
March 22, 2015

"Hello"[35]
AdeleVEVO
2.28
October 22, 2015

Combined views (2015)
13.52
[140]

2016
"Chantaje"[42]
shakiraVEVO
2.14
November 18, 2016

"Closer (Lyric video)"[44]
The Chainsmokers
2.07
July 29, 2016

"This Is What You Came For"[45]
CalvinHarrisVEVO
1.97
June 16, 2016

"Work from Home"[52]
FifthHarmonyVEVO
1.81
February 26, 2016

"Rockabye"[53]
Clean Bandit
1.80
October 21, 2016

Combined views (2016)
9.79
[140]

2017
"Despacito"[9]
LuisFonsiVEVO
5.02
January 12, 2017
[W]

"Shape of You"[21]
Ed Sheeran
3.43
January 30, 2017

"Mi Gente"[56]
J Balvin
1.73
June 29, 2017

"Felices los 4"[77]
MalumaVEVO
1.31
April 21, 2017

"Criminal"[85]
Pina Records
1.26
August 18, 2017

Combined views (2017)
12.75
[140]

2018
"Dura"[155]
Daddy Yankee
0.60
January 18, 2018

"El Farsante (Remix)"[156]
Ozuna
0.54
January 30, 2018

"X (Equis)"[157]
NickyJamTV
0.45
March 1, 2018

"Amorfoda"[158]
Bad Bunny
0.42
February 14, 2018

"Finesse"[159]
Bruno Mars
0.36
January 3, 2018

Combined views (2018)
2.37
[140]

As of March 27, 2018

text: Historical most viewed videos

text: The following table lists the last 15 videos to become YouTube's most viewed video, from October 2005 to the present.

text:
Video name
Uploader
Views*
Upload date
Date achieved
Days held
Ref(s)
Notes

"Despacito"[9]
LuisFonsiVEVO
2,993,700,000
Jan 12, 2017
Aug 4, 2017
249
[160]
[X]

"See You Again"[14]
Wiz Khalifa
2,894,000,000
Apr 6, 2015
Jul 10, 2017
25
[162]

"Gangnam Style"[22]
officialpsy
803,700,000
Jul 15, 2012
Nov 24, 2012
1,689
[23]
[Y]

"Baby"[47]
Justin Bieber
245,400,000
Feb 19, 2010
Jul 16, 2010
862
[48]
[Z]

"Bad Romance"[152]
Lady Gaga
178,400,000
Nov 23, 2009
Apr 14, 2010
93
[166]
[AA]

"Charlie Bit My Finger"[142]
HDCYT
128,900,000
May 22, 2007
Oct 25, 2009
171
[169]

"Evolution of Dance"[137]
Judson Laipply
118,900,000
Apr 6, 2006
May 2, 2009
176
[170]

"Girlfriend"[171][172]
RCARecords
92,600,000
Feb 27, 2007
Jul 17, 2008
289
[173]

"Evolution of Dance"[137]
Judson Laipply
78,400,000
Apr 6, 2006
Mar 15, 2008
124
[174]

"Music Is My Hot Hot Sex"[175]
CLARUSBARTEL72
76,600,000
Apr 9, 2007
Feb 29, 2008
15
[176]
[AB]

"Evolution of Dance"[137]
Judson Laipply
10,600,000
Apr 6, 2006
May 19, 2006
651
[179]
[AC]

"Pokemon Theme Music Video"[180]
Smosh
4,300,000
Nov 28, 2005
Mar 12, 2006
68
[181]
[AD]

"Myspace - The Movie"[184][185]
eggtea
2,700,000
Jan 31, 2006
Feb 18, 2006
22
[186]

"Phony Photo Booth"[187]
mugenized
3,400,000
Dec 1, 2005
Jan 21, 2006
28
[188]
[AE]

"The Chronic of Narnia Rap"[189]
youtubedude
2,300,000
Dec 18, 2005
Jan 9, 2006
12
[190]

"Ronaldinho: Touch of Gold"[191]
Nikesoccer
255,000
Oct 21, 2005
Oct 31, 2005
70
[192]
[AF]

"I/O Brush"[195]
larfus
247,000
Oct 5, 2005
Oct 29, 2005
2
[196]

As of April 10, 2018

text: *The approximate number of views each video had when it became YouTube's most viewed video.

text: Timeline of Most Viewed Videos (Oct 2005 - Apr 2018)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Oct 2005 - Jun 2006)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Apr 2006 - Jan 2010)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Oct 2009 - Jan 2013)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Jan 2012 - Apr 2018)


document_title: Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room

question_text: who pushed the idea of mark-to-market accounting for enron

text: Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: The film begins with a profile of Kenneth Lay, who founded Enron in 1985. Two years after its founding, the company becomes embroiled in scandal after two traders begin betting on the oil markets, resulting in suspiciously consistent profits. One of the traders, Louis Borget, is also discovered to be diverting company money to offshore accounts. After auditors uncover their schemes, Lay encourages them to "keep making us millions". However, the traders are fired after it is revealed that they gambled away Enron's reserves; the company is narrowly saved from bankruptcy by the timely intervention of executive Mike Muckleroy, who managed to bluff the market long enough to recover Borget's trading losses and prevent a margin call. After these facts are brought to light, Lay denies having any knowledge of wrongdoing.

text: Lay hires Jeffrey Skilling, a visionary who joins Enron on the condition that they use mark-to-market accounting, allowing the company to record potential profits on certain projects immediately after contracts were signed, regardless of the actual profits that the deal would generate. This gives Enron the ability to subjectively give the appearance of being a profitable company even if it wasn't. With the vision of transforming Enron from an energy supplier to an energy trader, Skilling imposes his interpretation of Darwinian worldview on Enron by establishing a review committee that grades employees and annually fires the bottom fifteen percent, a process nicknamed within the company as "rank and yank". This creates a highly competitive and brutal working environment. Skilling hires lieutenants who enforce his directives inside Enron, known as the "guys with spikes." They include J. Clifford Baxter, an intelligent but manic-depressive executive; and Lou Pai, the CEO of Enron Energy Services, who is notorious for using shareholder money to feed his obsessive habit of visiting strip clubs. Pai abruptly resigns from EES with $250 million, soon after selling his stock. Despite the amount of money Pai has made, the divisions he formerly ran lost $1 billion, a fact covered up by Enron. Pai uses his money to buy a large ranch in Colorado, becoming the second-largest landowner in the state.

text: With its success in the bull market brought on by the dot-com bubble, Enron seeks to beguile stock market analysts by meeting their projections. Executives push up their stock prices and then cash in their multimillion-dollar options, a process known as "pump and dump". Enron also mounts a PR campaign to portray itself a profitable, prosperous and innovative company, even though its worldwide operations are performing poorly. Elsewhere, Enron begins ambitious initiatives such as attempts to use broadband technology to deliver movies on demand, and "trade weather" like a commodity; both initiatives fail. However, using mark-to-market accounting, Enron records non-existent profits for these ventures. CFO Andrew Fastow creates a network of shell companies designed solely to do business with Enron, for the ostensible dual purposes of sending Enron money and hiding its increasing debt. Fastow also takes advantage of the greed of Wall Street investment banks, pressuring them into investing in these shell entities. However, Fastow has a vested financial stake in these ventures, using them to defraud Enron of tens of millions of dollars in business deals that Fastow effectively conducts with himself. All of this done with the permission of Enron's accounting firm Arthur Andersen and the corporate board. Most of these deals were leveraged with Enron stock, meaning that a significant decline in Enron's stock price could cause Fastow's network of shell companies to fall apart. During this time, Enron's executives encourage the company's employees to invest their savings and retirement funds into Enron stock while they are selling off their shares for millions.

text: Enron's successes continue as it became one of the few Internet-related companies to survive the burst of the dot-com bubble in 2000 relatively unscathed, and is named as the "most admired" corporation by Fortune magazine for the sixth year running. However, Jim Chanos, an Enron investor, and Bethany McLean, a Fortune reporter, question irregularities about the company's financial statements and stock value. Skilling responds by calling McLean "unethical", and accusing Fortune of publishing her reporting to counteract a positive BusinessWeek piece on Enron. Three Enron executives meet with McLean and her Fortune editor to explain the company's finances. However, public perception of Enron is changed dramatically due to its role in the California energy crisis: Enron traders exploited the shaky foundation of the state's newly deregulated energy market by shutting down power plants and exporting power out of the state to create artificial shortages that would drive up the cost of electricity to Enron's benefit; Enron would make $2 billion off of the crisis. The film plays tape recorded conversations between Enron traders who seemed to derive enjoyment from their exploitation of the crisis and then cites the Milgram experiment as a means of explaining their behavior. It also explores the strong political connections Ken Lay and Enron had, particularly to the administrations of 41st President George H. W. Bush and his son, Texas governor and later 43rd President George W. Bush, and suggests that Enron's actions during the California energy crisis could have been intended as a means of sabotaging California governor Gray Davis, who was being speculated as a strong potential challenger to Bush in the 2004 Presidential election. Indeed, the crisis would indirectly lead to Davis being recalled in 2003, which ended his political career. Skilling, who by then had succeeded Lay as Enron's CEO, blames California's energy laws for the crisis and denies that Enron is acting inappropriately, infamously stating on a 2001 episode of Frontline, "We are the good guys; we are on the side of angels." While the Bush administration refuses to intervene, which the film suggests could have been a result of Enron's influence, the opposition-controlled Senate ends the crisis by imposing price controls. Bush's connections to Ken Lay come under scrutiny by the press, which intensifies after Enron's collapse.

text: Meanwhile, throughout 2001 much more scrutiny is brought upon Enron's balance sheet and this agitates CEO Skilling, who was on the verge of a nervous breakdown as the company and its fraud start to unravel. He engages in odd and irrational behavior - such as calling an investor an "asshole" during a conference call when asked why Enron isn't as transparent about its finances as its competitors - which culminates in his abrupt resignation as CEO in August 2001 in which Ken Lay retakes the position. Skilling's odd behavior serves as a red flag to investors who begin to question how financially healthy the company really is and start selling their shares; Enron's stock price begins to rapidly decline. Immediately after Skilling's departure, whistleblower Sherron Watkins, who had just recently discovered the fraud in Enron's books, alerts Lay and tells him that the company is headed to certain collapse unless he acts immediately. Like in 1987, Lay largely ignores Watkins' warnings and assures employees and the public that Skilling left for personal reasons and that the company was financially solid. At the same time, the board fires CFO Fastow after discovering that he had embezzled more than $30 million from the company through his shell companies. With Fastow gone, Enron's accountants issue a series of restatements that erase a majority of the company's profits from 1997 through 2000, adds nearly $1 billion of debt to the company's balance sheet, and removes over $1 billion of shareholder equity as a means of writing down the losses from Fastow's shell companies. Despite Lay's continued assurances that Enron is in good shape and will pull through, the company's stock price tanks as its investors and customers lose all confidence and Enron is forced to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in November 2001.

text: As a result of Enron's bankruptcy, many of its employees lose their pensions and life savings, while investors lose over $11 billion in shareholder value. Congressional hearings are held into the scandal, where Ken Lay and Andrew Fastow plead the fifth. Fastow eventually pleads guilty in a deal that he will testify against his former coworkers in exchange for a reduced sentence, while Lay and Skilling plea innocent and spend tens of millions of dollars on defense attorneys.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Peter Coyote, narrator
Bethany McLean, Fortune reporter; co-author, The Smartest Guys in the Room
Peter Elkind, co-author, The Smartest Guys in the Room
Sherron Watkins, Enron whistleblower; co-author, Power Failure
Mimi Swartz, co-author, Power Failure
Mike Muckleroy, former Enron executive
Amanda Martin, former Enron executive
Charles Wickman, former Enron trader
Colin Whitehead, former Enron trader
John Beard, former Enron accountant
Max Eberts, former spokesman, Enron Energy Services
Carol Coale, Senior Vice President and Senior Research Analyst, Prudential Securities
Bill Lerach, attorney for Enron stockholders
Gray Davis, former governor of California
David Freeman, former advisor to governor Davis
Philip H. Hilder, Sherron Watkins' attorney

text: Reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2009)

text: Upon release, Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room was met with strongly positive reviews. The film has a "Certified Fresh" rating of 97% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 117 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The site's consensus states: "A concise, entertaining documentary about the spectacular failure of Enron."[5] On Metacritic, it has a "Universal Acclaim" rating of 82%, based on 37 reviews.[6] Film critic Roger Ebert, writing in the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the documentary three-and-a-half out of four stars, commenting that, "This is not a political documentary. It is a crime story. No matter what your politics, Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room will make you mad".[7] Ebert's co-host on the television program Ebert & Roeper, Chicago Tribune critic Richard Roeper, said that the documentary was "a brilliantly executed, brutally entertaining dissection of what one observer called the greatest corporate fraud in American history." A. O. Scott of The New York Times called the film a "sober, informative chronicle of the biggest business scandal of the decade is almost indecently entertaining." Owen Gleiberman wrote: "A nimble investigative workout that leaves you with the exhilarated sensation of understanding the defining financial scandal of the virtual era."[8]

text: It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 78th Academy Awards in 2006, but lost to March of the Penguins.

text: Soon after theatrical release, on October 13, 2005, an edited version of the film aired on the PBS documentary series Independent Lens.


document_title: List of Big 12 Conference football champions

question_text: who has won the most big 12 championships in football

text: Champions by year[edit]

text:
Record
Ranking

Year
Champions[1]
Conference [1]
Overall[2]
AP
Coaches'
Bowl result
Head coach

1996
Texas
6–2
8–5
#23
#23
L Fiesta Bowl 38−15 vs. Penn State
John Mackovic

1997
Nebraska
8−0
13−0
#2
#1
W Orange Bowl 42−17 vs. Tennessee
Tom Osborne

1998
Texas A&M
7−1
11−3
#11
#13
L Sugar Bowl 24−14 vs. Ohio State
R. C. Slocum

1999
Nebraska
7−1
12−1
#3
#2
W Fiesta Bowl 31−21 vs. Tennessee
Frank Solich

2000
Oklahoma
8−0
13−0
#1
#1
W Orange Bowl 13−2 vs. Florida State
Bob Stoops

2001
Colorado
7−1
10−3
#9
#9
L Fiesta Bowl 38−15 vs. Oregon
Gary Barnett

2002
Oklahoma
6−2
12−2
#5
#5
W Rose Bowl 34−14 vs. Washington State
Bob Stoops

2003
Kansas State
6−2
11−4
#14
#13
L Fiesta Bowl 35−28 vs. Ohio State
Bill Snyder

2004
Oklahoma
8−0
12−1
#3
#3
L Orange Bowl 55−19 vs. USC
Bob Stoops

2005
Texas
8−0
13−0
#1
#1
W Rose Bowl 41−38 vs. USC
Mack Brown

2006
Oklahoma
7−1
11−3
#11
#11
L Fiesta Bowl 43−42 vs. Boise State
Bob Stoops

2007
Oklahoma
6−2
11−3
#8
#8
L Fiesta Bowl 48−28 vs. West Virginia
Bob Stoops

2008
Oklahoma
7−1
12−2
#5
#5
L BCS National Championship Game 24−14 vs. Florida
Bob Stoops

2009
Texas
8−0
13−1
#2
#2
L BCS National Championship Game 37−21 vs. Alabama
Mack Brown

2010
Oklahoma
6−2
12−2
#6
#6
W Fiesta Bowl 48−20 vs. Connecticut
Bob Stoops

2011
Oklahoma State
8−1
12−1
#3
#3
W Fiesta Bowl 41−38 vs. Stanford
Mike Gundy

2012
Kansas State
8−1
11−2
#12
#11
L Fiesta Bowl 35−17 vs. Oregon
Bill Snyder

Oklahoma
8−1
11−2
#15
#15
L Cotton Bowl Classic 41−13 vs. Texas A&M
Bob Stoops

2013
Baylor
8−1
11−2
#13
#13
L Fiesta Bowl 52−42 vs. UCF
Art Briles

2014
Baylor
8−1
11−2
#7
#8
L Cotton Bowl Classic 42−41 vs. Michigan State
Art Briles

TCU
8−1
12−1
#3
#3
W Peach Bowl 42−3 vs. Ole Miss
Gary Patterson

2015
Oklahoma
8−1
11−2
#5
#5
L CFP Semifinal at Orange Bowl 37−17 vs. Clemson
Bob Stoops

2016
Oklahoma
9−0
11−2
#5
#3
W Sugar Bowl 35−19 vs. Auburn
Bob Stoops

2017
Oklahoma
8−1
12−2
#3
#3
L CFP Semifinal at Rose Bowl 54-48 vs. Georgia
Lincoln Riley

text: Championships by team[edit]

text:
Team
Big 12
Championships
Years

Oklahoma
11
2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017

Texas
3
1996, 2005, 2009

Baylor
2
2013, 2014

Kansas State
2
2003, 2012

Nebraska*
2
1997, 1999

Colorado*
1
2001

Oklahoma State
1
2011

TCU
1
2014

Texas A&M*
1
1998

Iowa State
0

Kansas
0

Missouri*
0

Texas Tech
0

West Virginia
0

text:
Italics indicate a shared title.
* indicates a school no longer competing in the Big 12.

text: Championships by head coach[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Head Coach
School
Big 12
Championships

Bob Stoops
Oklahoma
10

Art Briles
Baylor
2

Bill Snyder
Kansas State
2

Mack Brown
Texas
2

Frank Solich
Nebraska
1

Gary Barnett
Colorado
1

Gary Patterson
TCU
1

Lincoln Riley
Oklahoma
1

John Mackovic
Texas
1

Mike Gundy
Oklahoma State
1

R. C. Slocum
Texas A&M
1

Tom Osborne
Nebraska
1

text: Active coaches are in bold


document_title: Lil Peep

question_text: when did lil peep release his first song

text: Lil Peep

text: Early life

text: Gustav Elijah Åhr was born on November 1, 1996, in Pennsylvania and grew up on Long Island, New York.[6] His parents were both Harvard graduates who divorced when he was a teenager.[6] Åhr's mother, Liza Womack[7] is a first grade teacher and his father is a college professor. He had Swedish, German and Irish descent.[8]

text: Åhr attended Long Beach High School in Lido Beach, New York, which he rarely attended in spite of good grades[9] and was on the deans list for the time he attended.[7] He later dropped out of the high school and took online courses to earn his diploma.[10] Shortly thereafter, he began posting his music on YouTube and SoundCloud.

text: When Åhr was 17, he moved to Los Angeles to pursue a career in music, under the pseudonym Lil Peep.[11]

text: Career

text: In 2015, Åhr released his first mixtape, Lil Peep Part One, which generated 4,000 plays in its first week. Shortly thereafter, he released his first extended play, Feelz, and another mixtape, Live Forever.[12][13]

text: In 2016, Åhr released two full-length mixtapes; Crybaby and Hellboy.[14]

text: In May 2017, the band Mineral accused Åhr of copyright infringement for including an unlicensed and uncredited sample of their song "LoveLetterTypewriter" in his "Hollywood Dreaming" track. Åhr said that he was only trying to "show some love" with the sample.[15]

text: On June 2, 2017, Åhr announced his debut album, Come Over When You're Sober, via Instagram. The album was given the release date of August 11, 2017.[16][17] After a slight delay, the album was released on August 15, 2017.[18]

text: Åhr announced a Come Over When You're Sober tour to promote the album. The tour began on August 2, 2017, and was scheduled to end on November 17, 2017, but was cut short by two days due to his death.[19]

text: Posthumous releases

text: Due to Åhr's prolific work rate, a number of songs and projects were completed prior to his death. The first official posthumous release arrived within twenty-four hours of his death as videographer Wiggy released the official video for "Sixteen Lines".[20] On January 12, 2018, Marshmello officially released a collaboration entitled "Spotlight".[21] On January 15, 2018, Juicy J officially released "Got Em Like" which featured Lil Peep and Wiz Khalifa.[22]

text: Musical style

text: Lil Peep was described as a "cloud rapper", "SoundCloud rapper", and an "emo rapper"[23][24][25] as well as lo-fi rap.[26] New York Times music critic Jon Caramanica defined Åhr as the Kurt Cobain of lo-fi rap and described his music as gloomy and diabolically melodic.[27] Åhr's music generally drew on both Southern rap and the angsty introspection of the rock subgenre post-hardcore.[28] He said that he wanted to become the "New Kurt Cobain".[6]

text: Åhr’s music contains lyrical themes regarding topics such as depression, drug use, past relationships, and suicidal thoughts. He had been described as the future of emo by Steven J. Horowitz of online magazine Pitchfork.[29] Before the release of his first album, he mentioned Kurt Cobain, David Bowie, Frank Ocean and Riff Raff as inspirations, and wanted to be known as the "Kurt Cobain of Rap".[6] His other musical influences include Gucci Mane, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Crystal Castles, Seshollowaterboyz, Rozz Dyliams, My Chemical Romance and Panic! at the Disco.[30] His songs have sampled such artists as Pierce the Veil, Brand New, Radiohead, Underoath, Avenged Sevenfold, Slayer, The Postal Service, Oasis and The Microphones.[31][32]

text: Personal life

text: In 2016, Åhr moved from Skid Row to his Echo Park apartment in Los Angeles where he recorded and produced the majority of his commercial work.[33]

text: Åhr played the trombone and tuba[34] and expressed an interest in music and fashion from a young age. Åhr regularly referenced addictions to cocaine, ecstasy and Xanax in his lyrics and posts on social media,[35][36] where he described himself as a "productive junkie" and advised his audience to avoid drug use.[37] Åhr came out as bisexual in a Twitter post in August 2017.[38][39][40]

text: Death

text: On November 15, 2017, Åhr was found dead on his tour bus when his manager went to check on him in preparation for that night's performance at a Tucson, Arizona venue.[41] Foul play was not suspected,[42] with his death believed to be from an overdose.[43] On December 8, the Pima County Office of the Medical Examiner released details from a toxicology report, certifying the cause of death was an accidental overdose due to the effects of the pain medications fentanyl and alprazolam.[5] Blood tests tested positive for marijuana, cocaine and the painkiller Tramadol. Urine tests also showed the presence of multiple powerful opiates, including Hydrocodone, Hydromorphone (Dilaudid), Oxycodone and Oxymorphone. There was no alcohol in his system.[1]

text: In a series of Instagram posts in the hours leading up to his death, Åhr claimed to have ingested psilocybin mushrooms and marijuana concentrate. In another, he claimed to have consumed six Xanax pills following a video depicting his attempts to drop an unidentified pill into his mouth several times before successfully swallowing one and shaking a full prescription bottle. A subsequent post was captioned "When I die, you'll love me."[44]

text: In the days after his death, a police report revealed that Åhr had taken a nap around 5:45 p.m. before the concert. His manager checked on him twice and found him sleeping and breathing fine, but was unable to wake him. When the manager checked on Åhr a third time, he was unresponsive and not breathing. Åhr's manager performed CPR before medics arrived, though he was pronounced dead at the scene.[45]

text: Tributes

text: Numerous artists in the music industry paid tribute to Åhr following his death, including Diplo, Post Malone, Pete Wentz, Marshmello, Zane Lowe, ASAP Nast, Rich Chigga, Playboi Carti, Lil Uzi Vert, Bella Thorne, Sam Smith, Lil Pump and Mark Ronson.[46][47]

text: Jon Caramanica, a music critic for the New York Times, held a special remembrance podcast episode to honor Peep following his death which was released on November 22, 2017.[48]

text: Good Charlotte also honored Lil Peep with a performance of "Awful Things" which was shown at his memorial in Long Beach, New York on December 2, 2017.[49]

text: Three Days Grace paid tribute by posting a video on Instagram and Twitter of a remix of Peep's song "Witchblades" featuring Lil Tracy. The remixed song's beat was a slowed down instrumental track of the band's song, "The Real You".

text: Discography

text: Studio albums

text:
List of studio albums, with selected details and peak chart positions

Title
Album details
Peak chart positions

US
[50]
US
Alt.
[50]
US
R&B/HH
[50]
US
Rap
[50]

Come Over When You're Sober, Pt. 1

Released: August 15, 2017
Label: First Access, Warner Music Sweden
Format: Digital download

38
3
16
13

text: Mixtapes

text:
Lil Peep Part One (2015)
Live Forever (2015)
Crybaby (2016)
Hellboy (2016)

text: Extended plays

text:
Feelz (2015)
Vertigo (2016)
California Girls (with Nedarb Nagrom) (2016)
Teen Romance (2016)
Castles (with Lil Tracy) (2016)
Castles II (with Lil Tracy) (2017)

text: Singles

text:
List of singles, with selected chart positions, showing year released and album name

Title
Year
Peak chart positions
Album

US
[51]

"Benz Truck (гелик)"
2017
—
Come Over When You're Sober, Pt. 1

"The Brightside"
—

"Awful Things"
(featuring Lil Tracy)
79

"Save That Shit"
—

"Spotlight"
(with Marshmello)
2018
—
Non-album single


document_title: Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States

question_text: when presenting a case before the supreme court. approximately how long does each side have

question_tokens: when presenting a case before the supreme court . approximately how long does each side have

text: Terms and sittings[edit]

text: A term of the Supreme Court commences on the first Monday of each October, and continues until June or early July of the following year. Each term consists of alternating periods of approximately two weeks known as "sittings" and "recesses." Justices hear cases and deliver rulings during sittings; they discuss cases and write opinions during recesses.

text: The Court's authority to hear cases[edit]

text: Appellate jurisdiction[edit]

text: In nearly all of the cases heard by the Supreme Court, the Court exercises the appellate jurisdiction granted it by Article III of the Constitution. This authority permits the Court to review—and affirm or overturn—decisions made by lower courts and tribunals. Procedures for bringing cases before the Supreme Court have changed significantly over time. Today, cases are brought before the Supreme Court by one of several methods, of which the first two account for the overwhelming majority of cases decided:

text:
By petition for a writ of certiorari, filed by a party to a case that has been decided by one of the United States courts of appeals or by the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.
By petition for writ of certiorari with respect to a decision of one of the territorial or state courts, after all state appeals have been exhausted, where an issue of federal constitutional or statutory law is in question. The writ is usually issued to a state supreme court (including high courts of the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa), but is occasionally issued to a state's intermediate appellate court for cases where the state supreme court denied certiorari or review and thereby refused to hear the appeal.
By petition for certiorari before judgment, which permits the Court to expedite a case pending before a United States court of appeals by accepting the case for review before the appellate court has decided it. However, Supreme Court Rule 11 provides that a case may be taken by the Court before judgment in a lower court "only upon a showing that the case is of such imperative public importance as to justify deviation from normal appellate practice and to require immediate determination in this Court."
By appeal from certain decisions of United States district courts in certain cases involving redistricting of congressional or state legislative districts, or when specifically authorized in a particular statute.
By a certified question or proposition of law from one of the United States Courts of Appeals, meaning that the Court of Appeals requests the Supreme Court to instruct it on how to decide the case. This procedure was once common but is now rarely invoked; the last certificate accepted for review was in 1981.
By petition for an "extraordinary writ" such as mandamus, prohibition, or habeas corpus. These writs are rarely granted by the Supreme Court though they are more frequently granted by lower courts.

text: Original jurisdiction[edit]

text: Certain cases that have not been considered by a lower court may be heard by the Supreme Court in the first instance under what is termed original jurisdiction. The Supreme Court's authority in this respect is also derived from Article III of the Constitution, which states that the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction "in all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be party." The original jurisdiction of the Court is set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 1251. This statute provides further that, in the case of disputes between two or more states, the Supreme Court holds both original and exclusive jurisdiction and no lower court may hear such cases.

text: The number of original jurisdiction cases heard by the court is small; generally only one or two such cases are heard per term. Because the nine-member Supreme Court is not well-suited to conducting pretrial proceedings or trials, original jurisdiction cases accepted by the Court are typically referred to a well-qualified lawyer or lower-court judge to serve as special master, conduct the proceedings, and report recommendations to the Court. The Court then considers whether to accept the special master's report or whether to sustain any exceptions filed to the report.

text: Although jury trials are in theory possible in the Court's original jurisdiction cases, there has not been one since Georgia v. Brailsford in 1794.[1] In 1950, in the case United States v. Louisiana, the state of Louisiana moved for a jury trial, but the Court denied the motion, ruling that the suit was an equity action and not an action at law, and that therefore the Seventh Amendment guarantee of a jury trial did not apply. If a matter involving an action at law did come before the court, however, a jury would likely be empaneled and would hear the case alongside the justices of the Court.[2]

text: Selection of cases[edit]

text: Since the Judiciary Act of 1925 ("The Certiorari Act" in some texts), the majority of the Supreme Court's jurisdiction has been discretionary.[3] Each year, the court receives approximately 9,000–10,000 petitions for certiorari, of which less than 1% (approximately 80–100), are granted plenary review with oral arguments, and an additional 50 to 60 are disposed of without plenary review.[4][5]

text: The Court strictly enforces its requirements for the preparation and timely filing of certiorari petitions, in order to manage such a massive caseload. This occasionally results in harsh consequences, as Justice Thomas acknowledged in a 2007 opinion: "Just a few months ago, the Clerk, pursuant to this Court’s Rule 13.2, refused to accept a petition for certiorari submitted by Ryan Heath Dickson because it had been filed one day late ... Dickson was executed on April 26, 2007, without any Member of this Court having even seen his petition for certiorari. The rejected certiorari petition was Dickson’s first in this Court, and one can only speculate as to whether denial of that petition would have been a foregone conclusion."[6]

text: In theory, each Justice's clerks write a brief for the Justice outlining the questions presented, and offering a recommendation as to whether certiorari should be granted; in practice, most Justices (all of the current court, except Justices Alito and Gorsuch) have their clerks participate in the cert pool.[7][8][9]

text: During the Justices' regular conference, the Justices discuss the petitions, and grant certiorari in less than five percent of the cases filed. (During the 1980s and 1990s, the number of cases accepted and decided each term approached 150 per year; more recently, the number of cases granted has averaged well under 100 annually). Before each conference, the Chief Justice prepares a list of those petitions he believes have sufficient merit to warrant discussion. Any other Justice may also add a case to the "discuss list"; cases not designated for discussion by any Justice are automatically denied review. The Court or a Justice may also decide that a case be "re-listed" for discussion at a later conference; this occurs, for example, where the Court decides to request input from the Solicitor General of the United States on whether a petition should be granted.[10]

text: The votes of four Justices at Conference (see Rule of four) will suffice to grant certiorari and place the case on the court's calendar. If the Supreme Court grants certiorari (or the certified question or other extraordinary writ), then a briefing schedule is arranged for the parties to submit their briefs in favor of or against a particular form of relief. During this time, an individual or group having an interest in a case but not a party to the case may submit a motion to appear before the court as amicus curiae ("friend of the court"). Except for certain specific categories (such as lawyers for state and local governments) or where all parties to the case consent, it is in the Court's discretion whether such motions are granted.

text: The grant or denial of certiorari petitions by the Court are usually issued as one-sentence orders without explanation.

text: Cases that fall within the Court's original jurisdiction are initiated by filing a complaint directly with the Supreme Court, and normally are assigned to a special master appointed by the Court for the taking of evidence and making recommendations, after which the Court may accept briefs and hear oral arguments as in an appellate case.

text: Hearing cases[edit]

text: Filing briefs[edit]

text: Before oral arguments, the parties to a case file legal briefs outlining their arguments. An amicus curiae may also submit a brief in support of a particular outcome in the case if the Court grants it permission. Formal rules govern every aspect of these briefs; Chief Justice William Rehnquist described the rules thus:

text: Oral arguments[edit]

text: Thereafter, if the Court chooses to hold a hearing, each side has thirty minutes to present its case orally. In exceptional and controversial cases, however, the time limit may be extended. In the Court's early years, attorneys might argue a single case for hours or even days; but as the judicial workload increased, the time available for argument has been restricted. The late Chief Justice Rehnquist was noted for his especially strict enforcement of the argument time limits.

text: To file pleadings or to argue a case, an attorney must be a member of the bar of the Court. (The primary requirement for admission to the Bar is that the attorney must have been admitted to practice in the highest court of a state or territory for at least the past three years.) Justices are allowed to interrupt the attorney speaking in order to ask him or her questions, and particularly since the arrival of Justice Antonin Scalia in 1986, do so often.[12]

text: The Court began recording Oral Arguments in October 1955.[13] Beginning in October 2010, the Supreme Court began the practice of posting recordings and transcripts of the oral arguments made during the preceding week on Fridays on the Court's website.

text: In an interview for C-SPAN, former Justice Scalia, speaking for himself, noted that by the time the Justices hear oral arguments, having read the submissions by the parties and amici, it is "very rare, though not unheard of", for the discussion during the oral arguments to change his view of a case in which he has already made up his mind based on the submissions and his research about the case. However, he also made the point that it is "quite common" for him to go into Oral Arguments with his mind not made up yet, as the cases are usually very hard and difficult, and that in those situations a persuasive attorney can make the difference for him.[14]

text: Forming opinions[edit]

text: The conference: assignment of opinions[edit]

text: At the end of a week in which the Court has heard oral arguments, the Justices hold a conference to discuss the cases and vote on any new petitions of certiorari. The Justices discuss the points of law at issue in the cases. No clerks are permitted to be present, which would make it exceedingly difficult for a justice without a firm grasp of the matters at hand to participate.[15] At this conference, each justice—in order from most to least senior—states the basis on which he or she would decide the case, and a preliminary vote is taken.

text: Former Justice Scalia professed frustration that there is little substantive discussion,[16] while former Chief Justice Rehnquist wrote that this makes the conference more efficient.[17] The votes are tallied, and the responsibility for writing the opinion in the case is assigned to one of the justices; the most senior Justice voting in the majority (but always the Chief Justice if he is in the majority) makes the assignment, and can assign the responsibility to him- or herself.

text: Circulating draft opinions and changing of views[edit]

text: The justice writing the opinion for the court will produce and circulate a draft opinion to the other justices. Each justice's law clerks may be involved in this phase. In modern Supreme Court history only a few justices, such as former Justice Antonin Scalia, have regularly written their own first drafts.[18] Once the draft opinion has been reviewed, the remaining Justices may recommend changes to the opinion. Whether these changes are accommodated depends on the legal philosophy of the drafters as well as on how strong a majority the opinion garnered at conference. A justice may instead simply join the opinion at that point without comment.

text: Votes at conference are preliminary; while opinions are being circulated, it is not unheard of for a justice to change sides. A justice may be swayed by the persuasiveness (or lack thereof) of the opinion or dissent, or as a result of reflection and discussion on the points of law at issue.

text: The evolution of the justices' views during the circulation of draft opinions can change the outcome of the case; an opinion that begins as a majority opinion can become a dissenting opinion, and vice versa. At the conference for Planned Parenthood v. Casey, Justice Kennedy is said to have initially voted with Chief Justice Rehnquist, but then changed his mind, feeling unable to join Rehnquist's draft opinion.[19] While working for the Justice Department, present-day Chief Justice John Roberts—a former Rehnquist law clerk—wrote an analysis of Wallace v. Jaffree[20] in which he indicated his belief (based on the length and structure) that Rehnquist's dissent had started out as an opinion for the court, but lost its majority; similar speculation is often heard of Justice O'Connor's dissent in Kelo v. New London.[21] Justice Kennedy is known within the Court for changing his mind subsequent to the conference, and Justice Thomas is known for having the tendency to lose a majority.[22] Justices may change sides at any time prior to the handing down of the Court's opinion. Generally, the Court's decision is the opinion which a majority (five or more) of justices have joined. In rare instances, the Court will issue a plurality opinion in which four or fewer Justices agree on one opinion, but the others are so fractured that they cannot agree on a position. In this circumstance, in order to determine what the decision is lawyers and judges will analyze the opinions to determine on which points a majority agrees. An example of a case decided by a plurality opinion is Hamdi v. Rumsfeld.

text: A justice voting with the majority may write a concurring opinion; this is an opinion where the justice agrees with the majority holding itself, but where he or she wishes to express views on the legal elements of the case that are not encompassed in the majority opinion. Justices who do not agree with the decision made by the majority may also submit dissenting opinions, which may give alternative legal viewpoints. Dissenting opinions carry no legal weight or precedent, but they can set the argument for future cases. John Marshall Harlan's dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson set down for the majority opinion later in Brown v. Board of Education.

text: After granting a writ of certiorari and accepting a case for review, the justices may decide against further review of the case. For example, the Court may feel the case presented during oral arguments did not present the constitutional issues in a clear-cut way, and that adjudication of these issues is better deferred until a suitable case comes before the court. In this event the writ of certiorari is "dismissed as improvidently granted" (DIG)—saying, in effect that the Court should not have accepted the case. As with the granting or denial of cert, this dismissal is customarily made using a simple per curiam decision without explanation.[23]

text: Customarily, justices who were not seated at the time oral arguments were heard by the Supreme Court do not participate in the formulation of an opinion. Likewise, a justice leaving the Court prior to the handing down of an opinion does not take part in the Court's opinion. Should the composition of the Court materially affect the outcome of a pending case, the justices will likely elect to reschedule the case for rehearing.

text: Tied votes and lack of quorum[edit]

text: If not all of the nine justices vote on a case, or the Court has a vacancy, then a tied vote is possible. If this occurs, then the decision of the court below is affirmed, but the case is not considered to be binding precedent. The effect is a return to the status quo ante. No opinions (or voting alignments) are issued in such a case, only the one-sentence announcement that "[t]he judgment is affirmed by an equally divided Court." Omega S.A. v. Costco Wholesale Corp. is an example of such a case. The court tries to avoid such rulings when possible: After the retirement of Justice O'Connor in 2006 three cases would have ended with a tie. All cases were reargued to allow the newly appointed Samuel Alito to cast a decisive vote.

text: A quorum of justices to hear and decide a case is six. If, through recusals or vacancies, fewer than six justices can participate in a case, and a majority of qualified justices determines that the case cannot be heard in the next term, then the decision of the court below is affirmed as if the Court had been equally divided on the case. An exception exists when this situation arises in one of the now-rare cases brought directly to the Supreme Court on appeal from a United States District Court; in this situation, the case is referred to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the corresponding circuit for a final decision there by either the Court of Appeals sitting en banc, or a panel consisting of the three most senior active circuit judges.[24]

text: Announcement of opinions[edit]

text: Throughout the term, but mostly during the last months of the term—May, June, and, if necessary, July—the Court announces its opinions. The decision of the Court is subsequently published, first as a slip opinion, and subsequently in the United States Reports. In recent years, opinions have been available on the Supreme Court's website and other legal websites on the morning they are announced. Since recording devices have been banned inside the courtroom, the fastest way for decisions of landmark cases to reach the press is through the Running of the Interns.[25]

text: The opinion of the Court is usually signed by the author; occasionally, the Supreme Court may issue an unsigned opinion per curiam. The practice of issuing a single opinion of the Court was initiated during the tenure of Chief Justice John Marshall during the early 19th century. This custom replaced the previous practice under which each Justice, whether in the majority or the minority, issued a separate opinion. The older practice is still followed by appellate courts in many common law jurisdictions outside the United States.

text: Reporting and citation of cases[edit]

text: Supreme Court decisions are typically cited as in the following example: "Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)." The court citation consists of the names of the opposing parties; the volume number; "U.S." (signifying United States Reports, the official reporter of Supreme Court decisions); the page number on which the decision begins; and the year in which the case was decided. The names of the opposing parties are listed in the format "Petitioner v. Respondent" or "Appellant v. Appellee." The Reporter of Decisions is responsible for publication of the Court's rulings. Two other widely used citation formats exist: the Supreme Court Reporter and the Lawyers' Edition, corresponding to two privately published collections of decisions. Citations to cases in the Supreme Court Reporter would be structured as follows: Snowden v. Hughes, 64 S. Ct. 397 (1944). Citations to cases in the Lawyers' Edition would be as follows: Snowden v. Hughes, 88 L. Ed. 497 (1944). Judicial opinions often use the citation from all three sources (the United States Reports, Supreme Court Reporter, and Lawyers' Edition), as seen here: Martin v. Texas, 200 U.S. 316, 26 S. Ct. 338, 50 L. Ed. 497 (1906). Since the 1930s, prior to publication of the decisions in these reporters, they are available from the United States Law Week (U.S.L.W.). In more recent years, opinions have been available electronically soon after they appeared on commercial sites such as Lexis or Westlaw, on Internet sites such as FindLaw and on the Court's own website.[26]

text: The Reporter of Decisions is the court official responsible for the publication of the Court's opinions and orders. The current Reporter of Decisions is Christine Luchok Fallon.

text: Decisions of the Supreme Court are precedents that bind all lower courts, both federal and state. The Supreme Court generally respects its own precedents, but has in some cases overturned them.