document_title: 2018–19 UEFA Champions League

question_text: when does the group stage of the champions league start

text: 2018–19 UEFA Champions League

text: Format changes

text: On 9 December 2016, UEFA confirmed the reforming plan for the UEFA Champions League for the 2018–2021 cycle, which was announced on 26 August 2016.[3][4] As per the new regulations, the previous season's UEFA Europa League winners will qualify automatically for the UEFA Champions League group stage (previously they would qualify for the play-off round, but would be promoted to the group stage only if the Champions League title holder berth was vacated, although this promotion to the group stage had been made in all three seasons since it was established from 2015–16). Meanwhile, the top four teams from the leagues of the four top-ranked national associations in the UEFA country coefficients list will qualify automatically for the group stage as well.[3] Only six teams will qualify for the group stage via the qualification rounds, down from ten in the previous season.[5]

text: Association team allocation

text: 79 teams from 54 of the 55 UEFA member associations participate in the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League (the exception being Liechtenstein, which does not organise a domestic  league). The association ranking based on the UEFA country coefficients is used to determine the number of participating teams for each association:[5][6]

text:
Associations 1–4 each have four teams qualify.
Associations 5–6 each have three teams qualify.
Associations 7–15 each have two teams qualify.
Associations 16–55 (except Liechtenstein) each have one team qualify.
The winners of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League and 2017–18 UEFA Europa League are each given an additional entry if they do not qualify for the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League through their domestic league.
The winners of the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League, Real Madrid, have qualified through their domestic league, meaning the additional entry for the Champions League title holders is not necessary.
The winners of the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League, Atlético Madrid, have qualified through their domestic league, meaning the additional entry for the Europa League title holders is not necessary.

text: Association ranking

text: For the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League, the associations are allocated places according to their 2017 UEFA country coefficients, which takes into account their performance in European competitions from 2012–13 to 2016–17.[7]

text: Apart from the allocation based on the country coefficients, associations may have additional teams participating in the Champions League, as noted below:

text:
(UCL) – Additional berth for the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League winners
(UEL) – Additional berth for the 2017–18 UEFA Europa League winners

text:
Association ranking for 2018–19 UEFA Champions League

Rank

Association

Coeff.

Teams

1

 Spain

104.998

4

2

 Germany

79.498

3

 England

75.962

4

 Italy

73.332

5

 France

56.665

3

6

 Russia

50.532

7

 Portugal

49.332

2

8

 Ukraine

42.633

9

 Belgium

42.400

10

 Turkey

39.200

11

 Czech Republic

33.175

12

 Switzerland

32.075

13

 Netherlands

31.063

14

 Greece

27.900

15

 Austria

25.350

16

 Croatia

25.250

1

17

 Romania

24.350

18

 Denmark

24.000

19

 Belarus

19.875

Rank

Association

Coeff.

Teams

20

 Poland

19.750

1

21

 Sweden

19.725

22

 Israel

19.375

23

 Scotland

18.925

24

 Cyprus

18.550

25

 Norway

18.325

26

 Azerbaijan

17.750

27

 Bulgaria

15.875

28

 Serbia

15.375

29

 Kazakhstan

15.250

30

 Slovenia

13.125

31

 Slovakia

11.750

32

 Liechtenstein

11.000

0

33

 Hungary

9.500

1

34

 Moldova

9.500

35

 Iceland

8.375

36

 Finland

7.650

37

 Albania

6.625

Rank

Association

Coeff.

Teams

38

 Republic of Ireland

6.575

1

39

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

6.500

40

 Georgia

6.375

41

 Latvia

6.125

42

 Macedonia

5.625

43

 Estonia

5.250

44

 Montenegro

5.250

45

 Armenia

5.125

46

 Luxembourg

4.875

47

 Northern Ireland

4.500

48

 Lithuania

4.125

49

 Malta

4.000

50

 Wales

3.875

51

 Faroe Islands

3.500

52

 Gibraltar

2.500

53

 Andorra

1.165

54

 San Marino

0.333

55

 Kosovo

0.000

text: Distribution

text: In the default access list, the Champions League title holders qualify for the group stage.[8][5] However, since Real Madrid already qualified for the group stage via their domestic league (as third place of the 2017–18 La Liga), the following changes to the access list were made:[9]

text:
The champions of association 11 (Czech Republic) entered the group stage instead of the play-off round.
The champions of association 13 (Netherlands) entered the play-off round instead of the third qualifying round.
The champions of association 15 (Austria) entered the third qualifying round instead of the second qualifying round.
The champions of associations 18 and 19 (Denmark and Belarus) entered the second qualifying round instead of the first qualifying round.

text: In addition, the Europa League title holders qualify for the group stage.[8] However, since Atlético Madrid, the Europa League champions, already qualified for the group stage via their domestic league (as second place of the 2017–18 La Liga), the following changes to the access list were made:[9]

text:
The third-placed team of association 5 (France) entered the group stage instead of the third qualifying round.
The runners-up of association 10 and 11 (Turkey and Czech Republic) entered the third qualifying round instead of the second qualifying round.

text:
Access list for 2018–19 UEFA Champions League

Teams entering in this round

Teams advancing from previous round

Preliminary round(4 teams)

4 champions from associations 52–55

First qualifying round(32 teams)

31 champions from associations 20–51 (except Liechtenstein)

1 winner from the preliminary round

Second qualifying round

Champions Path(20 teams)

4 champions from associations 16–19

16 winners from the first qualifying round

League Path(4 teams)

4 runners-up from associations 12–15

Third qualifying round

Champions Path(12 teams)

2 champions from associations 14–15

10 winners from the second qualifying round (Champions Path)

League Path(8 teams)

5 runners-up from associations 7–11
1 third-placed team from association 6

2 winners from the second qualifying round (League Path)

Play-off round

Champions Path(8 teams)

2 champions from associations 12–13

6 winners from the third qualifying round (Champions Path)

League Path(4 teams)

4 winners from the third qualifying round (League Path)

Group stage(32 teams)

11 champions from associations 1–11
6 runners-up from associations 1–6
5 third-placed teams from associations 1–5
4 fourth-placed teams from associations 1–4

4 winners from the play-off round (Champions Path)
2 winners from the play-off round (League Path)

Knockout phase(16 teams)

8 group winners from the group stage
8 group runners-up from the group stage

text: Teams

text: League positions of the previous season shown in parentheses (TH: Champions League title holders; EL: Europa League title holders).[10]

text:
Qualified teams for 2018–19 UEFA Champions League (by entry round)Group stage

 Real MadridTH (3rd)

 Borussia Dortmund (4th)

 Roma (3rd)

 Porto (1st)

 Atlético MadridEL (2nd)

 Manchester City (1st)

 Internazionale (4th)

 Shakhtar Donetsk (1st)

 Barcelona (1st)

 Manchester United (2nd)

 Paris Saint-Germain (1st)

 Club Brugge (1st)

 Valencia (4th)

 Tottenham Hotspur (3rd)

 Monaco (2nd)[Note FRA]

 Galatasaray (1st)

 Bayern Munich (1st)

 Liverpool (4th)

 Lyon (3rd)

 Viktoria Plzeň (1st)

 Schalke 04 (2nd)

 Juventus (1st)

 Lokomotiv Moscow (1st)

 1899 Hoffenheim (3rd)

 Napoli (2nd)

 CSKA Moscow (2nd)

text:
Play-off round

Champions Path

League Path

 Young Boys (1st)

 PSV Eindhoven (1st)

text:
Third qualifying round

Champions Path

League Path

 AEK Athens (1st)

 Red Bull Salzburg (1st)

 Spartak Moscow (3rd)

 Standard Liège (2nd)

 Benfica (2nd)

 Fenerbahçe (2nd)

 Dynamo Kyiv (2nd)

 Slavia Prague (2nd)

text:
Second qualifying round

Champions Path

League Path

 Dinamo Zagreb (1st)

 Midtjylland (1st)

 Basel (2nd)

 PAOK (2nd)

 CFR Cluj (1st)

 BATE Borisov (1st)

 Ajax (2nd)

 Sturm Graz (2nd)

text:
First qualifying round

 Legia Warsaw (1st)

 Red Star Belgrade (1st)

 Kukësi (2nd)[Note ALB]

 Alashkert (1st)

 Malmö FF (1st)

 Astana (1st)

 Cork City (1st)

 F91 Dudelange (1st)

 Hapoel Be'er Sheva (1st)

 Olimpija Ljubljana (1st)

 Zrinjski Mostar (1st)

 Crusaders (1st)

 Celtic (1st)

 Spartak Trnava (1st)

 Torpedo Kutaisi (1st)

 Sūduva Marijampolė (1st)

 APOEL (1st)

 MOL Vidi (1st)

 Spartaks Jūrmala (1st)

 Valletta (1st)

 Rosenborg (1st)

 Sheriff Tiraspol (1st)

 Shkëndija (1st)

 The New Saints (1st)

 Qarabağ (1st)

 Valur (1st)

 Flora Tallinn (1st)

 Víkingur Gøta (1st)

 Ludogorets Razgrad (1st)

 HJK (1st)

 Sutjeska Nikšić (1st)

text:
Preliminary round

 Lincoln Red Imps (1st)

 FC Santa Coloma (1st)

 La Fiorita (1st)

 Drita (1st)

text:
^ Albania (ALB): In March 2018, Skënderbeu was handed a 10-year ban from UEFA club competitions over match fixing.[11] Since they finished as champions of the 2017–18 Albanian Superliga, the runners-up of the league, Kukësi, entered the 2018–19 UEFA Champions League instead of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League.
^ France (FRA): Monaco are a club based in Monaco (which is not a UEFA member), but participate in the Champions League through one of the berths for France (any coefficient points they earn count towards France's total).

text: Round and draw dates

text: The schedule of the competition is as follows (all draws are held at the UEFA headquarters in Nyon, Switzerland, unless stated otherwise).[12]

text:
Schedule for 2018–19 UEFA Champions League

Phase

Round

Draw date

First leg

Second leg

Qualifying

Preliminary round

12 June 2018

26 June 2018 (semi-final round)

29 June 2018 (final round)

First qualifying round

19 June 2018

10–11 July 2018

17–18 July 2018

Second qualifying round

24–25 July 2018

31 July – 1 August 2018

Third qualifying round

23 July 2018

7–8 August 2018

14 August 2018

Play-off

Play-off round

6 August 2018

21–22 August 2018

28–29 August 2018

Group stage

Matchday 1

30 August 2018(Monaco)

18–19 September 2018

Matchday 2

2–3 October 2018

Matchday 3

23–24 October 2018

Matchday 4

6–7 November 2018

Matchday 5

27–28 November 2018

Matchday 6

11–12 December 2018

Knockout phase

Round of 16

17 December 2018

12–13 & 19–20 February 2019

5–6 & 12–13 March 2019

Quarter-finals

15 March 2019

9–10 April 2019

16–17 April 2019

Semi-finals

19 April 2019

30 April – 1 May 2019

7–8 May 2019

Final

1 June 2019 at Wanda Metropolitano, Madrid

text: From this season, there will be staggered kick-off times in the group stage at 18:55 CET and 21:00 CET. Kick-off times starting from the knock-out phase will be 21:00 CET.[8]

text: Preliminary round

text: In the preliminary round, teams were divided into seeded and unseeded teams based on their 2018 UEFA club coefficients (CC),[13] and then drawn into one-legged semi-final and final ties. The draw for the preliminary round was held on 12 June 2018.[14] The semi-final round was played on 26 June, and the final round was played on 29 June 2018, both at the Victoria Stadium in Gibraltar.[15] The losers of both semi-final and final rounds entered the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League second qualifying round.

text:
Team 1

 Score

Team 2

Semi-final round

FC Santa Coloma

0–2 (a.e.t.)

 Drita

La Fiorita

0–2

 Lincoln Red Imps

text:
Team 1

 Score

Team 2

Final round

Lincoln Red Imps

1–4 (a.e.t.)

 Drita

text: Drita's win on 26 June 2018 was the first time that a team representing Kosovo had won a game in any UEFA competition.

text: Qualifying rounds

text: In the qualifying and play-off rounds, teams are divided into seeded and unseeded teams based on their 2018 UEFA club coefficients,[13] and then drawn into two-legged home-and-away ties.

text: First qualifying round

text: The draw for the first qualifying round was held on 19 June 2018.[16] The first legs were played on 10 and 11 July, and the second legs were played on 17 and 18 July 2018. The losers entered the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League second qualifying round, except for the losers of the Cork City/Legia Warsaw tie who were randomly drawn to receive a bye to the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League third qualifying round.

text:
Team 1

Agg.

Team 2

1st leg

2nd leg

Torpedo Kutaisi

2–4

 Sheriff Tiraspol

2–1

0–3

Shkëndija

5–4

 The New Saints

5–0

0–4

Sūduva Marijampolė

3–2

 APOEL

3–1

0–1

Olimpija Ljubljana

0–1

 Qarabağ

0–1

0–0

F91 Dudelange

2–3

 MOL Vidi

1–1

1–2

Drita

0–5

 Malmö FF

0–3

0–2

Víkingur Gøta

2–5[A]

 HJK

1–2

1–3

Ludogorets Razgrad

9–0

 Crusaders

7–0

2–0

Cork City

0–4

 Legia Warsaw

0–1

0–3

Valur

2–3

 Rosenborg

1–0

1–3

Kukësi

1–1 (a)

 Valletta

0–0

1–1

Flora Tallinn

2–7

 Hapoel Be'er Sheva

1–4

1–3

Spartaks Jūrmala

0–2

 Red Star Belgrade

0–0

0–2

Alashkert

0–6

 Celtic

0–3

0–3

Spartak Trnava

2–1

 Zrinjski Mostar

1–0

1–1

Astana

3–0

 Sutjeska Nikšić

1–0

2–0

text: ^ Order of legs reversed after original draw.

text: Second qualifying round

text: The second qualifying round is split into two separate sections: Champions Path (for league champions) and League Path (for league non-champions). The draw for the second qualifying round was held on 19 June 2018.[16] The first legs were played on 24 and 25 July, and the second legs were played on 31 July and 1 August 2018. The losers from both Champions Path and League Path entered the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League third qualifying round.

text:
Team 1

Agg.

Team 2

1st leg

2nd leg

Champions Path

Astana

2–1

 Midtjylland

2–1

0–0

Ludogorets Razgrad

0–1

 MOL Vidi

0–0

0–1

Kukësi

0–3

 Qarabağ

0–0

0–3

CFR Cluj

1–2

 Malmö FF

0–1

1–1

Dinamo Zagreb

7–2

 Hapoel Be'er Sheva

5–0

2–2

Red Star Belgrade

5–0

 Sūduva Marijampolė

3–0

2–0

BATE Borisov

2–1

 HJK

0–0

2–1

Shkëndija

1–0

 Sheriff Tiraspol

1–0

0–0

Legia Warsaw

1–2

 Spartak Trnava

0–2

1–0

Celtic

3–1

 Rosenborg

3–1

0–0

text:
Team 1

Agg.

Team 2

1st leg

2nd leg

League Path

PAOK

5–1

 Basel

2–1

3–0

Ajax

5–1

 Sturm Graz

2–0

3–1

text: Third qualifying round

text: The third qualifying round is split into two separate sections: Champions Path (for league champions) and League Path (for league non-champions). The draw for the third qualifying round was held on 23 July 2018.[17] The first legs were played on 7 and 8 August, and the second legs were played on 14 August 2018. The losers from Champions Path enter the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League play-off round, while the losers from League Path enter the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League group stage.

text:
Team 1

Agg.

Team 2

1st leg

2nd leg

Champions Path

Celtic

2–3

 AEK Athens

1–1

1–2

Red Bull Salzburg

4–0

 Shkëndija

3–0

1–0

Red Star Belgrade

3–2

 Spartak Trnava

1–1

2–1 (a.e.t.)

Qarabağ

1–2

 BATE Borisov

0–1

1–1

Astana

0–3

 Dinamo Zagreb

0–2

0–1

Malmö FF

1–1 (a)

 MOL Vidi

1–1

0–0

text:
Team 1

Agg.

Team 2

1st leg

2nd leg

League Path

Standard Liège

2–5

 Ajax

2–2

0–3

Benfica

2–1

 Fenerbahçe

1–0

1–1

Slavia Prague

1–3

 Dynamo Kyiv

1–1

0–2

PAOK

3–2

 Spartak Moscow

3–2

0–0

text: Play-off round

text: The play-off round is split into two separate sections: Champions Path (for league champions) and League Path (for league non-champions). The draw for the play-off round was held on 6 August 2018.[18] The first legs were played on 21 and 22 August, and the second legs will be played on 28 and 29 August 2018. The losers from both Champions Path and League Path enter the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League group stage.

text:
Team 1

Agg.

Team 2

1st leg

2nd leg

Champions Path

Red Star Belgrade

1

 Red Bull Salzburg

0–0

29 Aug

BATE Borisov

2

 PSV Eindhoven

2–3

29 Aug

Young Boys

3–2

 Dinamo Zagreb

1–1

2–1

MOL Vidi

2–3

 AEK Athens

1–2

1–1

text:
Team 1

Agg.

Team 2

1st leg

2nd leg

League Path

Benfica

1

 PAOK

1–1

29 Aug

Ajax

3–1

 Dynamo Kyiv

3–1

0–0

text: Group stage

text: The draw for the group stage will be held on 30 August 2018 at the Grimaldi Forum in Monaco.[19] The 32 teams are drawn into eight groups of four, with the restriction that teams from the same association cannot be drawn against each other. For the draw, the teams are seeded into four pots based on the following principles (introduced starting this season):[6]

text:
Pot 1 contains the Champions League and Europa League title holders, and the champions of the top six associations based on their 2017 UEFA country coefficients. If either or both title holders are one of the champions of the top six associations, the champions of the next highest ranked association(s) are also seeded into Pot 1.
Pot 2, 3 and 4 contain the remaining teams, seeded based on their 2018 UEFA club coefficients.[13]

text: In each group, teams play against each other home-and-away in a round-robin format. The group winners and runners-up advance to the round of 16, while the third-placed teams enter the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League round of 32. The matchdays are 18–19 September, 2–3 October, 23–24 October, 6–7 November, 27–28 November, and 11–12 December 2018.

text: The youth teams of the clubs that qualify for the group stage also participate in the 2018–19 UEFA Youth League on the same matchdays, where they compete in the UEFA Champions League Path (the youth domestic champions of the top 32 associations compete in a separate Domestic Champions Path until the play-offs).

text: 32 teams play in the group stage: 26 teams which enter in this stage, and the six winners of the play-off round (four from Champions Path, two from League Path). TSG 1899 Hoffenheim and BSC Young Boys are set to make their debut appearances in the group stage.

text:
Pot 1
 Real Madrid CC: 162.000
 Atlético Madrid CC: 140.000
 Bayern Munich CC: 135.000
 Barcelona CC: 132.000
 Juventus CC: 126.000
 Paris Saint-Germain CC: 109.000
 Manchester City CC: 100.000
 Lokomotiv Moscow CC: 22.500

Pot 2
 Borussia Dortmund CC: 89.000
 Porto CC: 86.000
 Manchester United CC: 82.000
 Shakhtar Donetsk CC: 81.000
 Napoli CC: 78.000
 Tottenham Hotspur CC: 67.000
 Roma CC: 64.000

Pot 2 or 3
 Liverpool CC: 62.000
Pot 3
 Schalke 04 CC: 62.000
 Lyon CC: 59.500
 Monaco CC: 57.000
 Ajax CC: 53.500
 CSKA Moscow CC: 45.000

Pot 3 or 4
 Valencia CC: 36.000
 Viktoria Plzeň CC: 33.000
Pot 4
 Club Brugge CC: 29.500
 Galatasaray CC: 29.500
 Young Boys CC: 20.500
 Internazionale CC: 16.000
 1899 Hoffenheim CC: 14.285
 AEK Athens CC: 10.000

text: Knockout phase

text: In the knockout phase, teams play against each other over two legs on a home-and-away basis, except for the one-match final. The mechanism of the draws for each round is as follows:

text:
In the draw for the round of 16, the eight group winners are seeded, and the eight group runners-up are unseeded. The seeded teams are drawn against the unseeded teams, with the seeded teams hosting the second leg. Teams from the same group or the same association cannot be drawn against each other.
In the draws for the quarter-finals onwards, there are no seedings, and teams from the same group or the same association can be drawn against each other.

text: Round of 16

text: The draw for the round of 16 will be held on 17 December 2018.[20] The first legs will be played on 12, 13, 19 and 20 February, and the second legs will be played on 5, 6, 12 and 13 March 2019.

text: Quarter-finals

text: The draw for the quarter-finals will be held on 15 March 2019.[21] The first legs will be played on 9 and 10 April, and the second legs will be played on 16 and 17 April 2019.

text: Semi-finals

text: The draw for the semi-finals will be held on 19 April 2019.[22] The first legs will be played on 30 April and 1 May, and the second legs will be played on 7 and 8 May 2019.

text: Final

text: The final will be played on 1 June 2019 at the Wanda Metropolitano in Madrid. The "home" team (for administrative purposes) will be determined by an additional draw held after the semi-final draw.[22]


document_title: Aryabhata (satellite)

question_text: india's first satellite aryabhatta was launched in

question_tokens: india 's first satellite aryabhatta was launched in

root

text: Aryabhata (satellite)

text: Launch[edit]

text: It was launched by India on 19 April 1975[1] from Kapustin Yar, a Russian rocket launch and development site in Astrakhan Oblast using a Kosmos-3M launch vehicle. It was built by the Indian Space Research Organisation.The launch came from an agreement between India and the Soviet Union directed by UR Rao and signed in 1972. It allowed the USSR to use Indian ports for tracking ships and launching vessels in return for launching Indian satellites.[5] Aryabhatta is the first man made (artificial) Indian satellite.

tag: p

text: On 19 April 1975, the satellite's 96.46-minute orbit had an apogee of 611 kilometres (380 mi) and a perigee of 568 kilometres (353 mi), at an inclination of 50.6 degrees.[3] It was built to conduct experiments in X-ray astronomy, aeronomics, and solar physics. The spacecraft was a 26-sided polyhedron 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) in diameter. All faces (except the top and bottom) were covered with solar cells. A power failure halted experiments after four days and 60 orbits with all signals from the spacecraft lost after five days of the operation. According to Soviet media reports, the satellite continued to function and transmit information for some time. The satellite returned to the Earth's atmosphere on 11 February 1992.

text: Legacy[edit]

text:
Aryabhata was named for the 5th century astronomer and mathematician from India by the same name.[6]
The satellite's image appeared on the reverse of Indian 2 rupee banknotes between 1976 and 1997 (Pick catalog) and one rupee note number.

tag: ul


document_title: The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air

question_text: who started the fresh prince of bel air

question_tokens: who started the fresh prince of bel air

text: The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air

text: Development[edit]

text: In December 1989, NBC approached Will Smith, a popular rapper during the late 1980s.[3] The pilot episode began taping on May 1, 1990.[4] Season 1 first aired in September 1990, and ended in May 1991. The series finale was taped on Thursday, March 21, 1996.[5][6]

text: The theme song "Yo Home to Bel Air" was written and performed by Smith under his stage name, The Fresh Prince. The music was composed by Quincy Jones, who is credited with Smith at the end of each episode. The music often used to bridge scenes together during the show is based on a similar chord structure.

text: Plot[edit]

text: The theme song and opening sequence set the premise of the show. Will Smith is a street smart teenager, born and raised in West Philadelphia. While playing street basketball, Will misses a shot and the ball hits a group of people, causing a confrontation that frightens his mother, who sends him to live with his aunt and uncle in the opulent neighborhood of Bel Air, Los Angeles.

text: Will's working-class background ends up clashing in various humorous ways with the upper class world of the Banks family – Will's uncle Phil and aunt Vivian and their children, Will's cousins: Hilary, Carlton, and Ashley.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Actor/actress
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6

Will Smith
Will Smith
Main

James Avery
Philip Banks
Main

Janet Hubert-Whitten
Vivian Banks
Main

Daphne Maxwell Reid

Main

Alfonso Ribeiro
Carlton Banks
Main

Karyn Parsons
Hilary Banks
Main

Tatyana M. Ali
Ashley Banks
Main

Joseph Marcell
Geoffrey Butler
Main

Ross Bagley
Nicholas "Nicky" Banks

Main

tag: table

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Actor/actress
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6

DJ Jazzy Jeff
Jazz
Recurring

Vernee Watson-Johnson
Viola "Vy" Smith
Recurring

Michael Weiner
Kellogg Lieberbaum
Recurring

Lisa Fuller
Toni
Recurring

Jenifer Lewis
Helen Smith

Recurring

Charlayne Woodard
Janice Smith

Recurring

Perry Moore
Tyriq "Ty" Johnson

Recurring

Brian Stokes Mitchell
Trevor Collins-Newsworthy

Recurring

Tyra Banks
Jacqueline "Jackie" Ames

Recurring

Nia Long
Beullah "Lisa" Wilkes

Recurring

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings[7]

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Rating

1
25
September 10, 1990 (1990-09-10)
May 6, 1991 (1991-05-06)
N/A
N/A

2
24
September 9, 1991 (1991-09-09)
May 4, 1992 (1992-05-04)
22
14.3[A]

3
24
September 14, 1992 (1992-09-14)
May 10, 1993 (1993-05-10)
16
14.6[B]

4
26
September 20, 1993 (1993-09-20)
May 23, 1994 (1994-05-23)
21
13.7[C]

5
25
September 19, 1994 (1994-09-19)
May 15, 1995 (1995-05-15)
N/A
N/A

6
24
September 18, 1995 (1995-09-18)
May 20, 1996 (1996-05-20)
N/A
N/A

text: Crossovers and other appearances[edit]

text: During the fall 1991–1992 season, NBC gained two hit television shows to anchor their Monday night lineup (Blossom aired immediately after The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air). To gain popularity between the two shows, Will Smith appeared in the Blossom episode "I'm with the Band" as himself under his rap stage name, The Fresh Prince. That same season, Karyn Parsons appeared in the Blossom episode "Wake Up Little Suzy" as Hilary Banks. Parsons also appeared in the Patti LaBelle sitcom Out All Night as Hilary.

text: In the House and Fresh Prince were both executive produced by Winifred Hervey, David Salzman and Quincy Jones. During the second season's first episode, Alfonso Ribeiro and Tatyana Ali appeared as their Fresh Prince characters (Carlton and Ashley Banks) in the crossover episode "Dog Catchers". Later that season, James Avery (Phillip Banks) appeared as a mediator in the episode "Love on a One-Way Street".

text: In the Season 4 episode "My Pest Friend's Wedding", James Avery and Daphne Maxwell Reid (Vivian Banks) guest starred as Dr. Maxwell Stanton's parents (Stanton was played by Ribeiro). Both Avery and Reid portrayed the parents of Ribeiro's Fresh Prince character. Joseph Marcell, who played the wisecracking Geoffrey Butler on Fresh Prince, appeared as an officiating minister in the same episode.

text: Syndication[edit]

text: The series was produced by NBC Productions in association with the Stuffed Dog Company and Quincy Jones Entertainment (later Quincy Jones-David Salzman Entertainment in 1993). After the show was released to syndication in 1994, the series was distributed by Warner Bros. Television, which continues to distribute the show worldwide (although NBCUniversal does own the series' copyright). WGN America was the first cable channel to acquire the series in 1997, and TBS acquired the series a year later in 1998; both channels carried the series until the fall of 2003, though TBS reacquired the series in 2007.

text: The theme song was shown in the original TBS run, but after TBS re-acquired Fresh Prince in 2007, the opening credits were truncated and the theme song was removed and replaced with the instrumental version used as the show's closing theme. These versions also re-added portions of scenes cut from the original syndicated prints for some episodes, particularly those from Seasons 3 to 6. TBS continued to air the series up until September 2014, when Viacom Media Networks reaquired the rights to the series. Reruns also aired on WPIX-TV back to back weeknights at 6 pm and6:30 pm EST from 1994 until 2000, on weekdays 5 pm from 2000 to 2005, and sometimes on weekends, until 2007. The series was still rerunning on The WB's affiliation WPIX-TV until 2006. The series aired on Nick at Nite, from 2006 to 2009 and moved to Disney XD.

text: In July 2009, Disney XD acquired the rights to the series, though it was quickly moved from prime time to late night, and only episodes from Seasons 1 to 3 are aired, mainly because those episodes are more appropriate for young viewers as they do not contain as many mature themes, sexual content and strong language as later episodes. In August 2010, Disney XD stopped airing the show. ABC Family (now called Freeform) acquired the series in September 2008, though airing all 148 episodes; originally airing exclusively on Saturday nights, the series was added to ABC Family's weekday line up in late 2009. On September 29, 2014, Disney/ABC's rights to the show expired. Viacom Media Networks got the series back.

text: In October 2014, Viacom Media Networks also gave the series to BET, and it would also air on Centric. It was previously aired on MTV's retro block. The series is also re-aired on VH1. On November 2, 2015, the series started airing on the Family Channel in Canada. On January 1, 2017, the series was added to Netflix in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In 2014, Fresh Prince of Bel-Air started airing again in Nickelodeon's block night channel, Nick at Nite.

text: In 2017, the series began from the beginning on the 5* channel in the UK. MeTV will start airing the show in September 2018.[8]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: Warner Home Video has released the complete series, seasons 1 to 6, on DVD in Region 1.[9] Seasons 1 to 4 have been released in Regions 2 and 4. Seasons 5 to 6 have been released in Region 2 in Germany, and in the complete series boxset in the United Kingdom. The episodes and DVD menus are in English; only the DVD packaging is in German.

text:
DVD name
Ep #
Release dates

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4

The Complete First Season
25
February 8, 2005[10]
February 21, 2005[11]
April 13, 2005[12]

The Complete Second Season
24
October 11, 2005[13]
November 21, 2005[14]
March 1, 2006[15]

The Complete Third Season
24
February 14, 2006[16]
June 26, 2006[17]
August 9, 2006[18]

The Complete Fourth Season
26
August 8, 2006[19]
January 22, 2007[20]
December 6, 2006[21]

The Complete Fifth Season
25
May 11, 2010[22]
June 18, 2010
N/A

The Complete Sixth Season
24
April 19, 2011
May 6, 2011
N/A

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Awards
Outcome
Recipient(s)
Year

ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards:

Top TV Series
Won
Quincy Jones
Will Smith
DJ Jazzy Jeff
1994

Emmy Awards:

Outstanding Individual Achievement in Lighting Direction for a Comedy Series
Nominated
Art Busch
1996

Golden Globe Awards:

Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series – Comedy/Musical
Nominated
Will Smith
1994

Best Performance by an Actor in a TV-Series – Comedy/Musical
Nominated[23]
Will Smith
1993

Image Award:

Outstanding Comedy Series
Nominated

1997

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series
Won
Alfonso Ribeiro
1996

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series
Nominated
Will Smith
1997

Outstanding Youth Actor/Actress
Won
Tatyana M. Ali
1997

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Nominated
Janet Hubert-Whitten
1991

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Nominated
Nia Long
1996

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Nominated
Daphne Maxwell Reid
1996

Kids' Choice Awards:

Favorite Television Actor
Nominated
Will Smith
1996

Favorite Television Show
Nominated

1996

Favorite TV Actress
Won
Tatyana M. Ali
1996

NCLR Bravo Awards:

Outstanding Television Series Actor in a Crossover Role
Nominated
Alfonso Ribeiro
1996

TP de Oro:

Best Foreign Series (Mejor Serie Extranjera)
Nominated

1996

Best Foreign Series (Mejor Serie Extranjera)
Won

1994

TV Land Awards:

Best Broadcast Butler
Nominated
Joseph Marcell
2004

Favorite "Fish Out of Water"
Nominated
Will Smith
2004

Young Artist Awards:

Best Performance by an Actor Under Ten – Television
Won
Ross Bagley
1996

Best Performance by an Actor Under Ten in a TV Series
Won
Ross Bagley
1995

Best Youth Comedienne
Nominated
Tatyana M. Ali
1994

Best Young Actor Guest Starring in a Television Series
Nominated
Larenz Tate
1993

Best Young Actor Guest Starring or Recurring Role in a TV Series
Nominated
Tevin Campbell
1992

Best New Family Television Comedy Series
Won

1991

YoungStar Award:

Best Performance by a Young Actress in a Comedy TV Series
Won
Tatyana M. Ali
1997

text: Possible reboot[edit]

text: On August 13, 2015, it was reported that a reboot of the show was in development by Overbrook Entertainment, with Will Smith serving as a producer.[24][25] In August 2016, during a promotional interview with the E! television network, for his then upcoming film Suicide Squad, Smith denied that a reboot was in development, saying that it would happen "...pretty close to when Hell freezes over."[26]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Tied with Empty Nest
Jump up ^ Tied with Hangin' with Mr. Cooper and The Jackie Thomas Show
Jump up ^ Tied with Dave's World

tag: ol


document_title: U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state

question_text: when did illinois change the drinking age from 18 to 21

text: The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time. The history is given in the table below. Unless otherwise noted, if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages, the age listed below is set at the lowest age given (e.g. if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits, as was the case in several states, the age in the table will read as "18", not "21"). In addition, the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages, although they have often been the same.

text: As one can see in the table below, there has been much volatility in the states' drinking ages since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December, most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the Voting age at the time. Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s. From 1969 to 1976, some 30 states lowered their purchase ages, generally to 18. This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment. A lot of states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response, most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973.[1][2][3] Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them.

text: From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities.[citation needed] In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age,[4] while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.[5]

text:
State
Pre-Prohibition
(prior to 1919)
Post-Prohibition
(after 1933)
1970s / 26th Amendment
(adopted in 1971)
1980s /
Drinking Age Act of 1984
21st century

Alabama
Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21 (none with consent of parent)[6]
21
1975:
Lowered to 19[7]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21 (no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28-1)

Alaska
?
21[7]
1970:
Lowered to 19[9]
1984:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause (if born before January 1, 1965)[10][11]
21

Arizona
?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 19[12][13]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Arkansas
Pre 1925:
None[7]
1925:
21[7]
21
21[14]
21[8]
21

California
Pre 1891:
Regulated by municipality/county (common age was 16)[15][16][17]
1891:
18 (statewide)[18]
1933:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21 (except small amounts for religious ceremonies)

Colorado
None[11]
1945:
18: for beer
21: for wine and liquor[7]
18[19]
Raised to 21 in 1987[8]
21

Connecticut
?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 18[20]
1982:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21[21]
21 (exemptions: (1) a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30-90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person’s employment or business, (2) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician, or (3) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse of the minor, who has attained the age of twenty-one. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person’s exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection (a) of section 52-571b.[22]

Delaware
?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 20[13]
1984:
Raised to 21[8]
21

District of Columbia
?
18: for beer and wine[11]
21: for liquor[23][24]
18: for beer and wine[13][24]
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause.[25][26]
21

Florida
?
18[7]
1980:
19[27]
1985:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause[27]
21[28]

Georgia
?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 18[12]
1984:
Raised to 19[14]
1985:
Raised to 20[14]
1986:
Raised to 21[14]
21

Hawaii
?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 18[13]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Idaho
?
20: for beer[29][30]
21: for wine and liquor[11][31]
1972:
Lowered to 19 (all)[13][32]
1987:
Raised to 21 in 1987 (Apr 11) with grandfather clause[8][33]
21

Illinois
1872:
Age of majority
(none with written consent of parent)[34]
pre 1961: Age of majority 1961: Raised to 21[35]
1973:
Lowered to 19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[36]
1980:
Raised to 21[37]
21

Indiana
?
Post-1934:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Iowa
?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 19 in 1972 (Jul 1)
1973:
Lowered to 18 in 1973 (Jul 1)
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Jul 1)[38]
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Jul 1) with grandfather clause.[14][38]
21

Kansas
?
1949:
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV
21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV[14]
21: for beer and wine with 4% ABV or more[14]
21: for liquor[14][19]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21 (However, anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property)

Kentucky
?
1938:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Louisiana
?
As of 1948:
18[13]
18[19]
1987:
Raised to 21 de jure in 1987,[8]
but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole.
1995:
De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed.[39]
1996:
In 1996, briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision, raising to 21 three months later.[40]
Other exceptions still remain.[41]
21 (Exceptions to state law include:[42]

For an established religious purpose;
When a person under twenty-one years of age is accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian twenty-one years of age or older;
For medical purposes when purchased as an over the counter medication, or when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician, pharmacist, dentist, nurse, hospital, or medical institution;
In a private residence, which shall include a residential dwelling and up to twenty contiguous acres, on which the dwelling is located, owned by the same person who owns the dwelling;
The sale, handling, transport, or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful ownership of an establishment or to lawful employment of a person under twenty-one years of age by a duly licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer of beverage alcohol.)

Maine
?
21[7]
1969:
Lowered to 20
1972:
Lowered to 18[12]
1977:
Raised to 20[8][43]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Maryland
?
21[7]
1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[44][45]
1982:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause[8][46]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)

Massachusetts
?
21[11]
1973:
Lowered to 18
1979:
Raised to 20 in 1979 (Apr 16)[47][48][49]
Raised to 21 in 1985[8]
21

Michigan
?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 18 in 1972 (Jan 1)[50]
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Dec 3)[51][52]
1978:
Raised to 21 in 1978 (Dec 21), 18 days later.[8]
First state to raise age to 21 since it was lowered
21

Minnesota
?
21[11]
1973:
Lowered to 18 (June 1)
1976:
Raised to 19 (Sept 1)[53]
First state to raise age after lowering.
1986:
Raised to 21[54]
21

Mississippi
?
1966:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7]
(alcohol not legalized until 1966)
18[19]
Raised to 21 in 1986[8]
21

Missouri
?
1945:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21

Montana
?
21[11]
1971:
Lowered to 19[55]
1973:
Lowered to 18[56][57]
1979:
Raised to 19
1987:
Raised to 21[8][58]
21

Nebraska
?
21[59]
1969:
Lowered to 20
1972:
Lowered to 19[59]
1980:
Raised to 20[14]
1985:
Raised to 21[14]
21

Nevada
?
1933:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21

New Hampshire
?
21[11]
1973:
Lowered to 18[60]
1979:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21[8][21]
21

New Jersey
Before 1880:
None
Post-1880:
18 (penalties only against businesses)[61][62][63]
21[citation needed]
1973:
Lowered to 18[12]
1980:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 21[8][64]
21

New Mexico
?
1934:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

New York
21
18[65]
18
1982:
Raised to 19 in 1982 (Dec)
1985:
Raised to 21 in 1985 (Dec)[21][66][67]
21

North Carolina
?
18[11]
18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor
1983:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26]
21

North Dakota
?
1936:
21[7]
21[14]
21[68]
21

Ohio
?
1935:
18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[69]
18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor
1982 (Aug. 19 to Oct. 1):
19: for 3.2% ABW beer[14]
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[14]
1982 (From Oct. 1):
19: beer
21: wine and liquor[70]
1988:
21[14]
21 (However, anyone can drink with parents or legal-age spouse)

Oklahoma
?
Men:
21
Women:
18: 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[71]
1976:
Lowered to 18 (for 3.2% ABW beer) for both sexes in 1976 (Dec)[72]
Last state to lower the drinking age.
1983:
Raised to 21[11][73]
21

Oregon
?
1933:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21

Pennsylvania
?
1935:
21[7]
21
21[8][52]
21

Rhode Island
?
21[11]
1970:
Lowered to 18[12][74]
1980:
Raised to 19
1981:
Raised to 20
1984:
Raised to 21[21]
21

South Carolina
21[75]
1935:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor
1984:
19: for beer and wine[7]
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

South Dakota
?
1934:
21 (all)
1939:
Lowered to 18: for 3.2% beer
Raised to 19: for 3.2% beer[76]
1972:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[13]
1984:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[8]
1988:
Raised to 21[58]
21

Tennessee
Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21[77]
21[7]
1964:
Lowered to 18[7]
1979:
Raised to 19
1984:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Texas
Pre 1909:
21
None (with written permission of parent or guardian)
Post 1909:
21[78][79]
21[7]
1973:
Lowered to 18[80]
1981:
Raised to 19[81]
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26]
21

Utah
?
1935:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Vermont
?
21[7]
1971:
Lowered to 18[82][83]
1986:
Raised to 21[21][83]
21

Virginia
?
21[84]
1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
(21: for liquor remained)[84]
1981:
Raised to 19 for off-premises consumption
1983:
Raised to 19 (all beer)
1985:
Raised to 21[84]
21

Washington
"Age of majority"
since 1877[85]
21[citation needed]
21
21[8]
21

West Virginia
?
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[11]
1972:
Lowered to 18 (all)[86]
1983:
Raised to 19
(& 21 for non-residents)[8][43]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Wisconsin
1839–1866:
18: for wine and liquor
None: for beer
Post-1866:
21 (all)[87]
18: for beer
21: for wine and spirits
1957:
21: for residents of bordering states with age limit 21.[88]
1963:
Raised to 21 (off-premises beer sales, remained 18 for on-premises).[88]
1972:
Lowered to 18 (all) in 1972 (Mar)[88]
1977:
Border state restriction lifted.[88]
1984:
Raised to 19
1986:
Raised to 21 (September 1, 1986)[88]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)[citation needed]

Wyoming
?
21[7]
1973:
Lowered to 19[13]
1988:
Raised to 21 in 1988 (Jul 1)[89][90]
Last state to raise de jure drinking age to 21
21

American Samoa
?
?
?
21?
21[91]

Northern Mariana Islands
–
–
?
21?
21[92]

Puerto Rico
?
18
18
Kept at 18
despite 10% highway funding
penalty under Drinking Age Act.
18[93]

Virgin Islands
?
?
?
18
18[94]

Guam
?
21?
18
18
Raised to 21 in 2010[5]

text: Additional notes[edit]

text:
Contrary to popular belief, since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, not all states specifically prohibit minors' and young adults' consumption of alcohol in private settings. That is because the federal law is concerned only with purchase and public possession, not private consumption, and contains several exceptions. As of January 1, 2007, 14 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 19 states do not specifically ban underage consumption outright, and 17 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws. Federal law explicitly provides for religious, medical, employment and private club possession exceptions; as of 2005, 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws.[41]
In the 1960s the age for buying or drinking beer and wine in the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) was 18; the age for hard liquor was 21.[23][24] Residents from Virginia and Maryland would often drive to D.C. to obtain alcohol. In Louisiana, the 1987 law raising the age from 18 to 21 was deliberately written solely to comply with the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 to avoid losing highway funding, while still allowing 18- to 20-year-olds to drink as before. Not only did it still allow 18- to 20-year-olds to consume in private, it contained a major loophole allowing bars and stores to sell alcohol to 18- to 20-year-olds without penalty (despite purchase being technically illegal) which meant that the de facto age was still 18.[39] In other words, the drinking age was 21 only on paper. This loophole was closed in 1995, but in 1996 the Louisiana Supreme Court declared a drinking age of 21 unconstitutional.[39] That briefly lowered the de jure purchase age to 18, causing an uproar which prompted the Louisiana Supreme Court to reverse its decision, raising the age to 21 three months later.[40] Other exceptions still remain to this day, including drinking in a private residence,[41] and Louisiana still has some of the most liberal general alcohol laws of any state.
Some states were "dry" well before national Prohibition was enacted in 1919, in some cases since achieving statehood. Also, some states did not become fully "wet" until several years after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 (e.g. Mississippi in 1966). Since 1966, all states and territories of the USA have been "wet", but dry counties and towns still exist in some states.


document_title: Sheldon Allman

question_text: when was crawl out through the fallout made

text: Sheldon Allman

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Sheldon Allman

Born
(1924-06-08)June 8, 1924
Chicago, Illinois,
United States

Died
January 22, 2002(2002-01-22) (aged 77)
Culver City, California,
United States

Resting place
Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery

Occupation
Actor, singer, songwriter

Years active
1958–1995

Spouse(s)
Lorraine Allman

text: Sheldon Allman (June 8, 1924 – January 22, 2002) was an American-Canadian actor, singer, and songwriter.

text: He began his singing career with the Royal National Guard during his World War II service with the RCAF. Moving to Los Angeles, he appeared in twelve films, including such notable films as Nevada Smith, The Sons of Katie Elder, Hud and In Cold Blood. His co-stars included, respectively, Steve McQueen, John Wayne and Paul Newman. He also made appearances in numerous TV series during the 1960s and 1970s.[1]

text: He was the singing voice for TV's Mister Ed, for which he also wrote and recorded "The Pretty Little Filly with the Ponytail" and "The Empty Feedbag Blues". Mr. Allman wrote longer versions of these songs, but never recorded the longer versions. He was the lyricist for the theme song to George of the Jungle ("George, George, George of the Jungle, friend to you and me! Watch out for that tree!!"). Additionally, Allman worked with Stan Worth, co-writer of the "George of the Jungle" theme, to create music for a number of game shows by Stefan Hatos-Monty Hall Productions, including the 1970s versions of Let's Make a Deal, Masquerade Party and It Pays to be Ignorant.

text: In 1960, Allman released Folk Songs for the 21st Century, an album of novelty songs all revolving around science-fiction themes. The tongue-in-cheek material, which Allman wrote and arranged himself, included titles such as "Crawl Out Through The Fallout" and "Radioactive Mama." [2] "Crawl Out Through The Fallout" is used in the video game Fallout 4.

text: In addition, Allman co-wrote two comedy horror-themed stage musicals with Bobby Pickett, composer of the hit novelty song, "Monster Mash." The musicals were I'm Sorry the Bridge Is Out, You'll Have to Spend the Night and its sequel, Frankenstein Unbound (Another Monster Musical), the former of which was made into the 1995 film, Monster Mash.

text: He died at the age of 77 and is survived by his wife of many years, Lorraine Allman and his daughter, Anne Allman Huddleston. His interment is located in Culver City's Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery.


document_title: 10 Things I Hate About You

question_text: who plays cameron in 10 things i hate about you

text: 10 Things I Hate About You

text: Plot[edit]

text: Cameron James, a new student at Padua High School in the Seattle area, becomes instantly smitten with popular sophomore Bianca Stratford. Geeky Michael Eckman warns him that Bianca is vapid and conceited, and that her overprotective father does not allow Bianca or her older sister, the shrewish Kat, to date. Kat, a senior, is accepted to Sarah Lawrence College in New York, but her father, Walter, wants her to stay close to home. Bianca wishes to date affluent senior Joey Donner, but Walter, an obstetrician worrisome of teenage pregnancy, will not allow his daughters to date until they graduate. Frustrated by Bianca's insistence and Kat's rebelliousness, Walter declares that Bianca may date only when Kat does, knowing that Kat's antisocial attitude makes this unlikely.

text: When Cameron asks Bianca out, she informs him of her father's new rule and, as a pretense for allowing her to date Joey, suggests that Cameron find someone willing to date Kat. Cameron selects "bad boy" Patrick Verona, but Patrick scares him off. Michael assists by convincing Joey to pay Patrick to take out Kat, under the pretense that this will allow Joey to date Bianca. Patrick agrees to the deal, but Kat rebuffs his first few advances. Michael and Cameron help him by prying Bianca for information on Kat's likes and dislikes. Armed with this knowledge, Patrick begins to win Kat's interest. She goes to a party with him, which enables Bianca to go as well, much to Walter's dismay.

text: At the party, Kat becomes upset when she sees Bianca with Joey, and responds by getting drunk. Patrick attends to her, and Kat starts to open up, expressing her interest in starting a band. However, when she tries to kiss him, Patrick pulls away and Kat leaves, infuriated. Meanwhile, Bianca ignores Cameron in favor of Joey, leaving Cameron dejected. Bianca soon realizes, however, that Joey is shallow and self-absorbed, and asks Cameron for a ride home. Cameron admits his feelings for her and his frustration with how she has treated him. Bianca responds by kissing him.

text: Joey offers to pay Patrick to take Kat to the prom so he can take Bianca. Patrick initially refuses, but relents when Joey offers him more money. Kat is still angry with Patrick, but he wins her over by serenading her with the accompaniment of the marching band, and she helps him sneak out of detention. They go on a date which turns romantic, but Kat becomes suspicious and angry when Patrick insists that she go with him to the prom, an event she is adamantly against. Bianca is irritated that Cameron hasn't asked her to the prom, and so accepts Joey's invitation, but Walter won't allow it unless Kat goes too. Kat confesses to Bianca that she dated Joey when they were freshmen and, succumbing to peer pressure, had sex with him. Afterward she regretted it and Joey dumped her, so she vowed to never again do anything just because everyone else was doing it. Bianca insists that she can make her own choices, so Kat agrees to go to the prom with Patrick, and Bianca decides to go with Cameron instead of Joey.

text: All is going well at the prom until Bianca learns that Joey planned to have sex with her that night. Angry that Bianca has spurned him for Cameron, Joey reveals his arrangement with Patrick, which causes Kat to leave heartbroken. Joey then punches Cameron, but is in turn beaten up by Bianca for having hurt her, Kat, and Cameron. Bianca and Cameron share another kiss.

text: The next day, Bianca reconciles with Kat and begins dating Cameron. Walter admits that Kat is capable of taking care of herself, and gives her permission to attend Sarah Lawrence College. For an assignment in which the students were required to write their own version of William Shakespeare's Sonnet 141, Kat reads aloud a poem titled "10 Things I Hate About You", revealing that she still loves Patrick. Patrick surprises her with a guitar bought with the money that Joey paid him, and confesses that he has fallen for her. Kat forgives him, and the two reconcile with a kiss.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Julia Stiles as Katarina "Kat" Stratford, the antisocial, shrewish elder Stratford sister.
Heath Ledger as Patrick Verona, the "bad boy" who is hired to date Kat and falls for her in the process.
Joseph Gordon-Levitt as Cameron James, the new student at Padua High School who is smitten with Bianca and goes to great lengths to win her favor.
Larisa Oleynik as Bianca Stratford, the younger of the two Stratford sisters, superficial and popular.
Larry Miller as Walter Stratford, an obstetrician and single parent who is overprotective of his daughters, Kat and Bianca.
Andrew Keegan as Joey Donner, an affluent, self-absorbed high school senior and aspiring model who intends to have sex with Bianca, and to that end pays Patrick to date Kat.
David Krumholtz as Michael Eckman, a geek who assists Cameron in his quest to woo Bianca, and in the process tries to woo Kat's friend Mandella.
Susan May Pratt as Mandella, Kat's only close friend and an aficionado of William Shakespeare, who ends up going to the prom with Michael.
Gabrielle Union as Chastity Church, Bianca's best friend, who betrays Bianca by going out with Joey when Bianca spurns him.
Daryl Mitchell as Mr. Morgan, teacher of Kat, Patrick, and Joey's English class.
Allison Janney as Ms. Perky, Padua High School's guidance counselor and a writer of erotic literature.
David Leisure as Mr. Chapin, coach of the girls' soccer team.
Greg Jackson as "Scurvy", a friend of Patrick.
Kyle Cease as Bogey Lowenstein, a golf enthusiast and member of a clique of aspiring MBAs.
The band Letters to Cleo (singer Kay Hanley, guitarists Greg McKenna and Michael Eisenstein, bassist Scott Riebling, and drummer Jason Sutter) appears as the band performing at Club Skunk, playing their songs "Come On" and "Co-Pilot", and playing a cover version of Cheap Trick's "I Want You to Want Me" on the school's rooftop during the closing credits. Hanley and Eisenstein also appear in the prom scene, performing a cover of Nick Lowe's "Cruel to Be Kind" with Save Ferris.
The band Save Ferris (singer Monique Powell, guitarist Brian Mashburn, bassist Bill Uechi, trumpeter José Castellaños, trombonist Brian Williams, saxophonist Eric Zamora, and drummer Evan Kilbourne) appears as the band performing at the prom, playing their songs "I Know" and "Can't Stop" as well as covers of The Isley Brothers' "Shout" and Nick Lowe's "Cruel to Be Kind".

text: Production[edit]

text: Many of the scenes were filmed on location at Stadium High School and at a house in the Proctor District of Tacoma, Washington. The prom sequence was shot over three days in Seattle.[2]

text: Costume designer Kim Tillman designed original dresses for Larisa Oleynik and Julia Stiles as well as the period outfits for Susan May Pratt and David Krumholtz. Gabrielle Union's snakeskin prom dress is a Betsey Johnson design. Heath Ledger and Joseph Gordon-Levitt's vintage tuxes came from Isadora's in Seattle.[2]

text: The primary tagline is an allusion to a poem written by Elizabeth Barrett Browning from her Sonnets from the Portuguese collection. ("How do I loathe thee? Let me count the ways.") Another tagline is a spoof from Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet ("Romeo, Oh Romeo, Get Out Of My Face.") and another is a line from The Taming of the Shrew that is spoken in the film by Cameron ("I burn, I pine, I perish!"). The original script was finalized on November 12, 1997.[3]

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: In its opening weekend, the film grossed US$8,330,681 in 2,271 theaters in the United States and Canada, averaging $3,668 per venue, and ranking number two at the box office (behind The Matrix). It grossed a total of $38,178,166 in the United States and Canada and $15,300,000 in other territories, about $53,500,000 worldwide. The film had an estimated budget of $16 million and is considered a moderate financial and critical success. On October 12, 1999, the Region 1 DVD was released. In the box office, the film is number ten in teen romance, 18th in high school comedies, and ranked 96th in comedies.[4]

text: Critics[edit]

text: The film received generally positive feedback from critics. Geoff Andrew from Time Out praised the film's leads, stating "Stiles grows into her character, and Ledger is effortlessly charming".[5] Roger Ebert gave the film two and a half stars out of four, claiming "I liked the movie's spirit, the actors and some of the scenes. The music, much of it by the band Letters to Cleo, is subtle and inventive while still cheerful".[6] Brad Laidman from Film Threat said the film was "Pure of heart and perfectly executed".[7] Ron Wells, another critic from Film Threat expressed "Of all the teen films released this year, this one is, by far, the best".[8]

text: Entertainment Weekly listed the film at #49 on its list of Best High School Movies.[9]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film got a 61% from critics, based on 62 reviews with a rating of 6.1/10. The critical consensus on the site was "Julia Stiles and Heath Ledger add strong performances to an unexpectedly clever script, elevating 10 Things (slightly) above typical teen fare."[10]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: 10 Things I Hate About You was a breakout success for stars Stiles, Ledger and Gordon-Levitt.[11][12][13] Gordon-Levitt, Stiles, and Oleynik each received Young Star Award nominations for Best Actor/Actress in a Comedy Film. The movie was nominated for seven Teen Choice Awards: Choice Movie: Breakout Star (Stiles), Choice Movie: Comedy, Choice Movie: Funniest Scene (featuring Krumholtz), Choice Movie: Love Scene (featuring Stiles and Ledger), Choice Movie: Hissy Fit (Gordon-Levitt), Choice Movie: Villain (Gordon-Levitt) and Choice Movie: Soundtrack. The film's casting directors Marcia Ross and Donna Morong won "Best Casting for Feature Film, Comedy" at the Casting Society of America in 1999. In 2000, Stiles won the CFCA Award for "Most Promising Actress" for her role as Kat Stratford (tied with Émilie Dequenne in Rosetta) and an MTV Movie Award for Breakthrough Female Performance. The same year, Ledger was nominated for Best Musical Performance for the song "Can't Take My Eyes Off You".

text: Soundtrack album[edit]

text:
10 Things I Hate About You

Soundtrack album

Released
April 6, 1999

Genre
Alternative rock, ska, pop, funk

Label
Hollywood

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

Allmusic
[14]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer
Length

1.
"I Want You to Want Me" (originally performed by Cheap Trick)
Rick Nielsen
Letters to Cleo
3:25

2.
"F.N.T." (from Great Divide, 1996)
Dan Wilson, Jacob Slichter
Semisonic
3:29

3.
"I Know" (contains an interpretation of "Shout", written by O'Kelly Isley, Ronald Isley, and Rudolph Isley and originally performed by The Isley Brothers)
Michael Holton, Miré Molner, Brian Mashburn
Save Ferris
2:52

4.
"Your Winter" (from Fortress, 2000)
Ken Block, Jett Beres, Andrew Copeland, Ryan Newell, Mark Trojanowski, Bill Smith
Sister Hazel
4:39

5.
"Even Angels Fall" (from Key of a Minor, 2000)
Tom Whitlock, Jessica Riddle, Kim Bullard, Penny Framstad
Jessica Riddle
3:27

6.
"New World" (from Leroy, 2001)
Leroy Miller
Leroy
3:02

7.
"Saturday Night"
Rodney Jerkins, Marti Sharron, Dan Sembello
Ta-Gana
4:26

8.
"Atomic Dog" (from Computer Games, 1982)
George Clinton, Garry Shider, David Spradley
George Clinton
4:44

9.
"Dazz" (from Good High, 1976)
Ray Ransom, Edward Irons, Reginald Hargis
Brick
3:24

10.
"The Weakness in Me" (from Walk Under Ladders, 1981)
Joan Armatrading
Joan Armatrading
3:32

11.
"War" (from "My Favourite Game", 1998)
Peter Svensson, Nina Persson
The Cardigans
3:57

12.
"Wings of a Dove" (1983)
Carl Smyth, Graham McPherson
Madness
3:00

13.
"Cruel to Be Kind" (originally performed by Nick Lowe)
Nick Lowe, Ian Gomm
Letters to Cleo
3:01

14.
"One More Thing"
Richard Gibbs
Richard Gibbs
3:01

Total length:
49:59

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: In June 1999, the Scholastic Corporation published a novelization of the story, adapted by David Levithan.[15] The story is retold as it is in the film with each chapter written from the point of view of either Bianca, Cameron, Kat, Patrick, or Michael.

text: In October 2008, ABC Family ordered a pilot episode of 10 Things I Hate About You, a half-hour, single-camera comedy series based on the feature film of the same name. Larry Miller is the only actor from the film to reprise his role in the television series. The director of the film, Gil Junger, directed many of the episodes including the pilot while the film's music composer, Richard Gibbs, also returned to do the show's music. The series was adapted and produced by Carter Covington.[16] The show premiered on July 7, 2009,[17] and lasted 20 episodes.


document_title: List of National Basketball Association career assists leaders

question_text: who has the most career assists in the nba

text: Assist Leaders[edit]

text: This is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season assists recorded.

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration [1]

§
1st time eligible for Hall of Fame in 2018 [2]

text:
Rank
Player
Position(s)
Team(s) played for (years)[4]
Total assists
Games
played
Assists
per game
average[5]

1
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton*
PG
Utah Jazz (1984–2003)
15,806
1,504
10.5

2
Kidd, JasonJason Kidd§
PG
Dallas Mavericks (1994–1996, 2008–2012)
Phoenix Suns (1996–2001)
New Jersey Nets (2001–2008)
New York Knicks (2012–2013)
12,091
1,391
8.7

3
Nash, SteveSteve Nash†
PG
Phoenix Suns (1996–1998, 2004–2012)
Dallas Mavericks (1998–2004)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2015)
10,335
1,217
8.5

4
Jackson, MarkMark Jackson
PG
New York Knicks (1987–1992, 2001–2002)
Los Angeles Clippers (1992–1994)
Indiana Pacers (1994–1996, 1997–2000)
Denver Nuggets (1996–1997)
Toronto Raptors (2000–2001)
Utah Jazz (2002–2003)
Houston Rockets (2003–2004)
10,334
1,296
8.0

5
Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson*
PG
Los Angeles Lakers (1979–1991, 1996)
10,141
906
11.2

6
Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson*
PG
Cincinnati Royals (1960–1970)
Milwaukee Bucks (1970–1974)
9,887
1,040
9.5

7
Thomas, IsiahIsiah Thomas*
PG
Detroit Pistons (1981–1994)
9,061
979
9.3

8
Payton, GaryGary Payton*
PG
Seattle SuperSonics (1990–2003)
Milwaukee Bucks (2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)
Boston Celtics (2004–2005)
Miami Heat (2005–2007)
8,966
1,335
6.7

9
Miller, AndreAndre Miller†
PG
Cleveland Cavaliers (1999–2002)
Los Angeles Clippers (2002–2003)
Denver Nuggets (2003–2006, 2011–2013)
Philadelphia 76ers (2006–2009)
Portland Trail Blazers (2009–2011)
Washington Wizards (2013–2015)
Sacramento Kings (2015)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2015–2016)
San Antonio Spurs (2016)
8,524
1,304
6.5

10
Paul, ChrisChris Paul^
PG
New Orleans(/Oklahoma City) Hornets (2005–2011)
Los Angeles Clippers (2011–2017)
Houston Rockets (2017–present)
8,251
834
9.9

11
Strickland, RodRod Strickland
PG
New York Knicks (1988–1990)
San Antonio Spurs (1990–1992)
Portland Trail Blazers (1992–1996, 2001)
Washington Bullets/Wizards (1996–2001)
Miami Heat (2001–2002)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2002–2003)
Orlando Magic (2003–2004)
Toronto Raptors (2004)
Houston Rockets (2005)
7,987
1,094
7.3

12
James, LeBronLeBron James^
SF
Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010, 2014–present)
Miami Heat (2010–2014)
7,461
1,061
7.0

13
Cheeks, MauriceMaurice Cheeks
PG
Philadelphia 76ers (1978–1989)
San Antonio Spurs (1989–1990)
New York Knicks (1990–1991)
Atlanta Hawks (1991–1992)
New Jersey Nets (1993)
7,392
1,101
6.7

14
Wilkens, LennyLenny Wilkens*
PG
St. Louis Hawks (1960–1968)
Seattle SuperSonics (1968–1972)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1972–1974)
Portland Trail Blazers (1974–1975)
7,211
1,077
6.7

15
Porter, TerryTerry Porter
PG
Portland Trail Blazers (1985–1995)
Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–1998)
Miami Heat (1998–1999)
San Antonio Spurs (1999–2002)
7,160
1,274
5.6

16
Hardaway, TimTim Hardaway
PG
Golden State Warriors (1989–1993, 1995--1996)
Miami Heat (1996–2001)
Dallas Mavericks (2001–2002)
Denver Nuggets (2002)
Indiana Pacers (2003)
7,095
867
8.2

17
Cousy, BobBob Cousy*
PG
Boston Celtics (1950–1963)
Cincinnati Royals (1969–1970)
6,955
924
7.5

18
Rodgers, GuyGuy Rodgers*
PG
Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors (1958–1966)
Chicago Bulls (1966–1967)
Cincinnati Royals (1967–1968)
Milwaukee Bucks (1968–1970)
6,917
892
7.8

19
Williams, DeronDeron Williams^
PG
Utah Jazz (2005–2011)
New Jersey/Brooklyn Nets (2011–2015)
Dallas Mavericks (2015–2017)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2016–2017)
6,819
845
8.0

20
Bogues, MuggsyMuggsy Bogues
PG
Washington Bullets (1987–1988)
Charlotte Hornets (1988–1997)
Golden State Warriors (1997–1999)
Toronto Raptors (1999–2001)
6,726
889
7.6

21
Johnson, KevinKevin Johnson
PG
Cleveland Cavaliers (1987–1988)
Phoenix Suns (1988–1998, 2000)
6,711
735
9.1

22
Parker, TonyTony Parker^
PG
San Antonio Spurs (2001–present)
6,634
1,143
5.8

23
Harper, DerekDerek Harper
PG
Dallas Mavericks (1983–1994, 1996–1997)
New York Knicks (1994–1996)
Orlando Magic (1997–1998)
Los Angeles Lakers (1999)
6,577
1,199
5.5

24
Archibald, NateNate Archibald*
PG
Cincinnati Royals/Kansas City(-Omaha) Kings (1970–1976)
New York Nets (1976–1977)
Buffalo Braves (1977–1978)
Boston Celtics (1978–1983)
Milwaukee Bucks (1983–1984)
6,476
876
7.4

25
Marbury, StephonStephon Marbury
PG
Minnesota Timberwolves (1996–1999)
New Jersey Nets (1999–2001)
Phoenix Suns (2001–2004)
New York Knicks (2004–2009)
Boston Celtics (2009)
6,471
846
7.6

26
Lucas II, JohnJohn Lucas II
PG
Houston Rockets (1976–1978, 1984–1986, 1989–1990)
Golden State Warriors (1978–1981)
Washington Bullets (1981–1983)
San Antonio Spurs (1983–1984)
Milwaukee Bucks (1986–1988)
Seattle SuperSonics (1988–1989)
6,454
928
7.0

27
Theus, ReggieReggie Theus
PG
Chicago Bulls (1978–1984)
Kansas City/Sacramento Kings (1984–1988)
Atlanta Hawks (1988–1989)
Orlando Magic (1989–1990)
New Jersey Nets (1990–1991)
6,453
1,026
6.3

28
Nixon, NormNorm Nixon
PG
Los Angeles Lakers (1977–1983)
San Diego/Los Angeles Clippers (1983–1986, 1989)
6,386
768
8.3

29
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant†
SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)
6,306
1,346
4.7

30
West, JerryJerry West*
PG
Los Angeles Lakers (1960–1974)
6,238
932
6.7

31
Pippen, ScottieScottie Pippen*
SF
Chicago Bulls (1987–1998, 2003–2004)
Houston Rockets (1998–1999)
Portland Trail Blazers (1999–2003)
6,135
1,178
5.2

32
Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
SG
Portland Trail Blazers (1983–1995)
Houston Rockets (1995–1998)
6,125
1,086
5.6

33
Havlicek, JohnJohn Havlicek*
SF/SG
Boston Celtics (1962–1978)
6,114
1,270
4.8

34
Rondo, RajonRajon Rondo^
PG
Boston Celtics (2006–2014)
Dallas Mavericks (2014–2015)
Sacramento Kings (2015–2016)
Chicago Bulls (2016–2017)
New Orleans Pelicans (2017–present)
6,075
714
8.5

35
Davis, BaronBaron Davis
PG
Charlotte Hornets/New Orleans Hornets (1999–2005)
Golden State Warriors (2005–2008)
Los Angeles Clippers (2008–2011)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2012)
6,025
835
7.2

36
Blaylock, MookieMookie Blaylock
PG
New Jersey Nets (1989–1992)
Atlanta Hawks (1992–1999)
Golden State Warriors (1999–2002)
5,972
889
6.7

37
Cassell, SamSam Cassell
PG
Houston Rockets (1993–1996)
Phoenix Suns (1996)
Dallas Mavericks (1996–1997)
New Jersey Nets (1997–1999)
Milwaukee Bucks (1999–2003)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2003–2005)
Los Angeles Clippers (2005–2008)
Boston Celtics (2008)
5,939
993
6.0

38
Johnson, AveryAvery Johnson
PG
Seattle SuperSonics (1988–1990)
Denver Nuggets (1990, 2001–2002)
San Antonio Spurs (1991, 1992–1993, 1994–2001)
Houston Rockets (1992)
Golden State Warriors (1993–1994, 2003–2004)
Dallas Mavericks (2002–2003)
5,846
1,054
5.5

39
Van Exel, NickNick Van Exel
PG/SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1993–1998)
Denver Nuggets (1998–2002)
Dallas Mavericks (2002–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2004)
Portland Trail Blazers (2004–2005)
San Antonio Spurs (2005–2006)
5,777
880
6.6

40
Bird, LarryLarry Bird*
SF/PF
Boston Celtics (1979–1992)
5,695
897
6.3

41
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar*[6]
C
Milwaukee Bucks (1969–1975)
Los Angeles Lakers (1975–1989)
5,660
1,560
3.6

42
Billups, ChaunceyChauncey Billups†
PG/SG
Boston Celtics (1997–1998)
Toronto Raptors (1998–1999)
Denver Nuggets (1999–2000, 2008–2011)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2000–2002)
Detroit Pistons (2002–2008, 2013–2014)
New York Knicks (2011)
Los Angeles Clippers (2011–2013)
5,636
1,043
5.4

43
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
SG
Chicago Bulls (1984–1993, 1995–1998)
Washington Wizards (2001–2003)
5,633
1,072
5.3

44
Iverson, AllenAllen Iverson*
SG/PG
Philadelphia 76ers (1996–2006, 2009–2010)
Denver Nuggets (2006–2008)
Detroit Pistons (2008–2009)
Memphis Grizzlies (2009)
5,624
914
6.2

45
Bibby, MikeMike Bibby
PG
Vancouver Grizzlies (1998–2001)
Sacramento Kings (2001–2008)
Atlanta Hawks (2008–2011)
Washington Wizards (2011)
Miami Heat (2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2012)
5,517
1,001
5.5

46
Johnson, DennisDennis Johnson*
PG/SG
Seattle SuperSonics (1976–1980)
Phoenix Suns (1980–1983)
Boston Celtics (1983–1990)
5,499
1,100
5.0

47
Garnett, KevinKevin Garnett†
PF/C
Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–2007, 2015–2016)
Boston Celtics (2007–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2015)
5,445
1,462
3.7

48
Bing, DaveDave Bing*
PG
Detroit Pistons (1966–1975)
Washington Bullets (1975–1977)
Boston Celtics (1977–1978)
5,397
901
6.0

49
Stoudamire, DamonDamon Stoudamire
PG
Toronto Raptors (1995–1998)
Portland Trail Blazers (1998–2005)
Memphis Grizzlies (2005–2008)
San Antonio Spurs (2008)
5,371
878
6.1

50
Terry, JasonJason Terry^
SG/PG
Atlanta Hawks (1999–2004)
Dallas Mavericks (2004–2012)
Boston Celtics (2012–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Houston Rockets (2014–2016)
Milwaukee Bucks (2016–present)
5,356
1,359
3.9

text: Progressive List of Assist Leaders[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of assist leaders showing how the record increased through the years.[7]

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[1]

§
1st time eligible for Hall of Fame in 2018 [8]

text:
Team Abbreviations
Team listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

BOS
Boston Celtics
DEN
Denver Nuggets
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
PHI
Philadelphia 76ers
SAS
San Antonio Spurs

BUF
Buffalo Braves
DET
Detroit Pistons
MIA
Miami Heat
PHO
Phoenix Suns
SDC
San Diego Clippers

CHI
Chicago Bulls
FTW
Fort Wayne Pistons
MIL
Milwaukee Bucks
PHW
Philadelphia Warriors
SEA
Seattle SuperSonics

CHS
Chicago Stags
HOU
Houston Rockets
NJN
New Jersey Nets
POR
Portland Trail Blazers
SFW
San Francisco Warriors

CIN
Cincinnati Royals
IND
Indiana Pacers
NOH
New Orleans Hornets
PRO
Providence Steamrollers
UTA
Utah Jazz

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
KCO
Kansas City-Omaha Kings
NYK
New York Knicks
ROC
Rochester Royals
WAS
Washington Wizards

DAL
Dallas Mavericks
LAC
Los Angeles Clippers
OKC
Oklahoma City Thunder
SAC
Sacramento Kings
WSB
Washington Bullets

text:
Assists Leaders and Records at the end of every season

Season
Year-by-Year Leader
Ast
Active Player Assist Leader
Ast
Career Assist Record
Ast
Single Season Assist Record
Ast
Season

1946–47
Ernie Calverley000PRO
202
Ernie Calverley000PRO
202
Ernie Calverley000PRO
202
Ernie Calverley000PRO
202
1946–47

1947–48
Howie Dallmar000PHW
120
321
321
1947–48

1948–49
Bob Davies*000ROC
321
572
572
Bob Davies*000ROC
321
1948–49

1949–50
Dick McGuire*000NYK
386
Andy Phillip*
000CHS 1949–50
000PHW 1950–52
000FTW 1952–56
000BOS 1956–57
770
Andy Phillip*
000CHS 1949–50
000PHW 1950–52
000FTW 1952–56
000BOS 1956–57
770
Dick McGuire*000NYK
386
1949–50

1950–51
Andy Phillip*000PHW
414
1,184
1,184
Andy Phillip*000PHW
414
1950–51

1951–52
539
1,723
1,723
539
1951–52

1952–53
Bob Cousy*000BOS
547
2,120
2,120
Bob Cousy*000BOS
547
1952–53

1953–54
518
2,569
2,569
1953–54

1954–55
557
3,060
3,060
557
1954–55

1955–56
642
3,470
3,470
642
1955–56

1956–57
478
3,638
3,638
1956–57

1957–58
463
Bob Cousy*000BOS
3,987
Bob Cousy*000BOS
3,987
1957–58

1958–59
557
4,544
4,544
1958–59

1959–60
715
5,259
5,259
715
1959–60

1960–61
Oscar Robertson*000CIN
690
5,846
5,846
1960–61

1961–62
899
6,430
6,430
Oscar Robertson*000CIN
899
1961–62

1962–63
Guy Rodgers*000SFW
825
6,945
6,945
1962–63

1963–64
Oscar Robertson*000CIN
868
Guy Rodgers*000SFW
3,444
1963–64

1964–65
861
Oscar Robertson*
000CIN 1964–70
000MIL 1970–74
4,076
1964–65

1965–66
847
4,923
1965–66

1966–67
Guy Rodgers*000CHI
908
5,768
Guy Rodgers*000CHI
908
1966–67

1967–68
Wilt Chamberlain*000PHI
702
6,401
1967–68

1968–69
Oscar Robertson*000CIN
772
7,173
Oscar Robertson*
000CIN 1968–70
000MIL 1970–74
7,173
1968–69

1969–70
Lenny Wilkens*000SEA
683
7,731
7,731
1969–70

1970–71
Norm Van Lier000CIN
832
8,399
8,399
1970–71

1971–72
Lenny Wilkens*000SEA
766
8,890
8,890
1971–72

1972–73
Tiny Archibald*000KCO
910
9,441
9,441
Tiny Archibald*000KCO
910
1972–73

1973–74
Ernie DiGregorio000BUF
663
9,887
9,887
1973–74

1974–75
Kevin Porter000WSB
650
Lenny Wilkens*000POR
7,211
1974–75

1975–76
Slick Watts000SEA
661
John Havlicek*000BOS
5,386
1975–76

1976–77
Don Buse000IND
685
5,786
1976–77

1977–78
Kevin Porter
0DET & NJN 1977–78
0DET 1978–79
837
6,114
1977–78

1978–79
1,099
Norm Van Lier000MIL
5,217
Kevin Porter000DET
1,099
1978–79

1979–80
Micheal Ray Richardson000NYK
832
Walt Frazier*000CLE
5,040
1979–80

1980–81
Kevin Porter000WSB
734
Tiny Archibald*
000BOS 1980–83
000MIL 1983–84
5,366
1980–81

1981–82
Johnny Moore000SAS
762
5,907
1981–82

1982–83
Magic Johnson*000LAL
829
6,316
1982–83

1983–84

Isiah Thomas*00DET
Norm Nixon000SDC
914
6,476
1983–84

1984–85
Isiah Thomas*000DET
1,123
Norm Nixon000LAC
5,471
Isiah Thomas*000DET
1,123
1984–85

1985–86
Magic Johnson*000LAL
907
6,047
1985–86

1986–87
977
Magic Johnson*000LAL
6,179
1986–87

1987–88
John Stockton*000UTA
1,128
7,037
John Stockton*000UTA
1,128
1987–88

1988–89
1,118
8,025
1988–89

1989–90
1,134
8,932
1,134
1989–90

1990–91
1,164
9,921
Magic Johnson*000LAL
9,921
1,164
1990–91

1991–92
1,126
Isiah Thomas*000DET
7,991
1991–92

1992–93
987
8,662
1992–93

1993–94
1,031
John Stockton*000UTA
9,383
1993–94

1994–95
1,011
10,394
John Stockton*000UTA
10,394
1994–95

1995–96
916
11,310
11,310
1995–96

1996–97
Mark Jackson000DEN & IND
935
12,170
12,170
1996–97

1997–98
Rod Strickland000WAS
801
12,713
12,713
1997–98

1998–99
Jason Kidd§000PHO
539
13,087
13,087
1998–99

1999–00
Gary Payton*000SEA
732
13,790
13,790
1999–00

2000–01
Jason Kidd§000PHO
753
14,503
14,503
2000–01

2001–02
Andre Miller†000CLE
882
15,177
15,177
2001–02

2002–03
Jason Kidd§000NJN
711
15,806
15,806
2002–03

2003–04
Stephon Marbury000PHO
719
Mark Jackson000HOU
10,334
2003–04

2004–05
Steve Nash†000PHO
861
Gary Payton*
000BOS 2004–05
000MIA 2005–07
8,508
2004–05

2005–06
826
8,765
2005–06

2006–07
884
8,966
2006–07

2007–08
Chris Paul^000NOH
925
Jason Kidd§
000NJN 2007–08
000DAL 2008–12
000NYK 2012–13
9,497
2007–08

2008–09
861
10,199
2008–09

2009–10
Steve Nash†000PHO
892
10,923
2009–10

2010–11
855
11,578
2010–11

2011–12
664
11,842
2011–12

2012–13
Greivis Vásquez000NOH
704
12,091
2012–13

2013–14
John Wall^000WAS
721
Steve Nash†000LAL
10,335
2013–14

2014–15
Chris Paul^000LAC
838
Andre Miller†
000SAC 2014–15
000MIN 2015–16
000SAS 2016
8,437
2014–15

2015–16
Rajon Rondo^000SAC
839
8,524
2015–16

2016–17
James Harden^000HOU
906
Chris Paul^000LAC
8,251
2016–17

Season
Year-by-Year Leader
Ast
Active Player Assist Leader
Ast
Career Assist Record
Ast
Single Season Assist Record
Ast
Season


document_title: An Unfinished Life

question_text: who plays the sheriff in an unfinished life

text: An Unfinished Life

text: Plot[edit]

text: One year ago, a wild bear stole a calf from Mitch (Morgan Freeman) and Einar’s (Robert Redford) ranch. The two friends attempted to save the calf, but the bear viciously attacked Mitch — and because Einar was drunk, he failed to save him from serious injury. The bear escaped into the mountains.

text: A year later, Mitch’s wounds still cause him constant pain. Einar cares for Mitch daily, giving him morphine injections, food and friendship. He leans his guilt on emotional crutches, while Mitch struggles to walk with real crutches. The bear is later seen foraging for food in town. Sheriff Crane Curtis (Josh Lucas) captures the bear and the bear ends up in the town zoo. About the same time, Einar’s long-lost daughter-in-law Jean (Jennifer Lopez) shows up on his doorstep; she is trying to escape from an abusive relationship.

text: Jean and her daughter, Griff (Becca Gardner), move in with Einar and Mitch. Einar’s son, Griffin, had married Jean years ago. She learned she was pregnant {with Griff) after Griffin died in a car accident. After his death, the family broke up. Tension exists between Einar and Jean because both are still grieving for Griffin. Tensions in the family build as Einar has always blamed Jean for his son's death.

text: Since Griffin died, Jean has been in a series of unsuccessful relationships. She moved in with Einar to escape her latest abusive boyfriend, Gary (Damian Lewis). Jean starts working at a local coffee shop to earn money to become independent. There she befriends Nina, another waitress (Camryn Manheim). The local sheriff also becomes her friend.

text: Meanwhile, Gary has tracked Jean down and appears in town. Initially, Einar and the sheriff throw him out of town. Einar asks Jean to tell him how Griffin died. Jean says they flipped a coin to determine who would drive — she lost. At 3 a.m., the two tired souls had set out on the last leg of a long trip. Jean fell asleep at the wheel. The car flipped six times. Griffin died, but Jean survived. When Einar learns the truth about his son's death, he says they’ll have to talk about Jean moving out. Jean says she’s through talking. The next morning she takes Griff with her and leaves to stay with Nina. Nina later ends up helping her understand Einar’s gruff ways and bitterness.

text: Griff, who has started to build a relationship with her grandfather, leaves her mother and goes back to the ranch alone. Einar meets Jean at the diner and invites her to come back and live with him and Griff after he and the child have had a camping trip.

text: The "camping trip" is a cover story meant to allow them time to carry out a request from Mitch to set free the bear who handicapped him. The plan to get the bear into a transport cage does not go well. Griff accidentally knocks the gearshift lever into neutral while Einar is luring the bear into the cage. The bear gets free, and Einar gets injured as he jumps out of the way. Griff drives Einar to the hospital, where he and Jean attempt to reconcile. Back at the ranch, Mitch survives a peaceful confrontation with the bear from his past. It goes into the mountains, where it belongs.

text: Meanwhile, Gary returns to the area and comes to the ranch the next day to accost Jean. He and Einar have an explosive confrontation that ends in Einar threatening Gary with his rifle, before badly beating him up. We later see Gary, quite battered, put on a bus out of town.

text: In the final scene, Einar affectionately talks with one of his cats, who throughout the whole story he coldly ignored. Griff invites Sheriff Curtis for lunch when he drops by to see Jean. All is well as Mitch narrates the last seconds of the story, describing to Einar his dreams of flying above the earth and coming to understand things about life.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Robert Redford as Einar Gilkyson
Jennifer Lopez as Jean Gilkyson
Morgan Freeman as Mitch Bradley
Josh Lucas as Sheriff Crane Curtis
Lynda Boyd as Kitty
Damian Lewis as Gary Winston
Camryn Manheim as Nina
Becca Gardner as Griff Gilkyson
Trevor Moss as Griffin Gilkyson (in flashbacks)
Bart the Bear 2 as Bear

text: Production[edit]

text: While set in Wyoming, the movie was actually filmed in the Canadian towns of Ashcroft, Savona, and Kamloops, British Columbia. [3]

text: Release[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Reviews of the film were mixed. Movie review aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes shows that 53% of critics gave the film a positive review, giving it a "rotten" score.[4]

text: Box office[edit]

text: An Unfinished Life did not open well; it opened at number 16 in its limited release opening weekend with $1,008,308. In its second weekend, with a wider release, the film opened at number 11 with $2,052,066.[5] Despite its $30 million budget, the film made only $18,618,284 worldwide by the time of its closing.

text: Awards[edit]

text: The film won the best makeup award from the Canadian Network of Makeup Artists (Jayne Dancose), and it won the Genesis Award as best feature for 2005.


document_title: Hard Knocks (TV series)

question_text: when do new episodes of hard knocks air

question_tokens: when do new episodes of hard knocks air

text: Hard Knocks (TV series)

text: Production[edit]

text: The series was created by Marty Callner in 2001.

text: The series has been narrated by Liev Schreiber since 2001, with the only exception being the 2007 season which was narrated by Paul Rudd, a fan of the Kansas City Chiefs.[4]

text: The San Francisco 49ers, Atlanta Falcons, Seattle Seahawks, Houston Texans, and Washington Redskins each declined to be the show's featured team for the 2013 season, while the Cincinnati Bengals accepted, marking their second appearance on the show. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell subsequently said that he wanted more teams to be featured on the series, on "some kind of formal rotation."[5][6]

text: Despite the difficulty each year in finding a team willing to participate, NFL Films announced on July 18, 2013, that it had signed a "multiyear" contract extension with HBO to continue producing the show.[7]

text: In October 2013 the NFL announced that, in the absence of a team volunteering to participate in Hard Knocks, the league could force a team to participate. Teams are exempt from being forced to participate in three circumstances: (1) they have appeared in the past ten years, (2) they have a first-year head coach, or (3) they reached the playoffs in either of the two preceding seasons.[8]

text: Seasons[edit]

text: Baltimore Ravens (2001)[edit]

text: Some of the issues covered in the 2001 Ravens season include:

text:
The team looking to repeat as Super Bowl winners.
Rookies Todd Heap and Dwayne Missouri's adjustment to professional football.
The team's adjustment after a season-ending injury to Jamal Lewis.
The veterans on the team in the final years of their careers (Shannon Sharpe, Rod Woodson, Qadry Ismail, and Tony Siragusa).
The quarterback competition between Elvis Grbac and Randall Cunningham.
Ozzie Newsome and Brian Billick's management of the team.

text: Dallas Cowboys (2002)[edit]

text: Some of the issues covered in the 2002 Cowboys season include:

text:
Quincy Carter's pressure to stay the consistent starting quarterback and the acquisition of Chad Hutchinson as a backup quarterback.
Rookie Roy Williams's adjustment to professional football.
Emmitt Smith beginning his final season in Dallas, and his pursuit to become the NFL's all-time rushing yards leader.
Dave Campo heading into his third (and eventually, final) season as Dallas's head coach.

text: Kansas City Chiefs (2007)[edit]

text: The series returned on August 8, 2007, featuring the Kansas City Chiefs and their preparations for the 2007 season.[9] It is the only season of the series not narrated by Liev Schreiber; instead, actor and Chiefs fan Paul Rudd was the narrator.[10]

text: Some of the issues covered in the 2007 Chiefs season include:

text:
The battle for the starting quarterback job between veteran Damon Huard and second-year player Brodie Croyle following the trade of Trent Green.
Star running back Larry Johnson's contract holdout.
Priest Holmes's attempted return to football after missing all of 2006 after a career-threatening neck injury.
The contract holdout and later development of rookie wide receiver Dwayne Bowe, the Chiefs' first-round draft pick of 2007.
Boomer Grigsby's switch from linebacker to fullback.
The development of rookie defensive linemen Tank Tyler and Turk McBride.
The competition between two undrafted cornerbacks - Tyron Brackenridge and Dimitri Patterson.
Arena Football League star Bobby Sippio's attempt to catch on with an outdoor team.

text: Dallas Cowboys (2008)[edit]

text: The Dallas Cowboys were chronicled for the second time on the television series' fourth season, which premiered on August 6, 2008.

text: Some of the issues covered in the 2008 Cowboys season include:

text:
Cornerback Adam "Pacman" Jones' reinstatement into the NFL.
Cameron Fegreus (free agent from Woodhaven, Michigan) attempting to make the team.
Keon Lattimore, a younger brother of Ray Lewis, competing for a job.
Todd Lowber, a very athletic wide receiver new to the game of football, trying to make the team.
Undersized wide receiver Danny Amendola competing for a job.
Rookies Felix Jones and Martellus Bennett adjusting to NFL camp for the first time.

text: Cincinnati Bengals (2009)[edit]

text: The Cincinnati Bengals season premiered on August 12, 2009.[11]  Its ratings were higher than any previous season of Hard Knocks,[12] and it won two Sports Emmy Awards: one for Outstanding Edited Sports Series or Anthology, and one for Outstanding Post Produced Audio / Sound.[13]

text: Some of the issues covered in the 2009 Bengals season include:

text:
The battle for the starting fullback position between Jeremi Johnson, Chris Pressley, Fui Vakapuna, and J.D. Runnels.
The injuries of tight ends Reggie Kelly and Ben Utecht, and the adjustment of rookie tight end Chase Coffman to the NFL.[14][15]
The contract holdout of offensive tackle Andre Smith, the Bengals' first-round draft pick of 2009.
The battle for the starting strong safety position between veteran Roy Williams and Chinedum Ndukwe.
The recovery effort of starting quarterback Carson Palmer from an injury-plagued 2008 season.
The antics and catchphrases of wide receiver Chad Ochocinco (who is now Chad Johnson).
The development and maturation of wide receiver Chris Henry.

text: New York Jets (2010)[edit]

text: The New York Jets were chronicled in the series' sixth season.  An official announcement was made on March 25, 2010,[16] and HBO began airing it on August 11, 2010.  It won the series' second consecutive Sports Emmy Award for Outstanding Edited Sports Series or Anthology.[17]  The Jets declined another opportunity to appear in the series in 2011.[18]

text: Some of the issues covered in the 2010 Jets season include:

text:
The vocal coaching style of head coach Rex Ryan, highlighted by several sound bites that became popular after the season, such as "That's being a jackass!" and "Let's go eat a goddamn snack!"[15][19]
Cornerback Darrelle Revis's contract holdout.[15][20]
The battle for the starting fullback position between veteran Tony Richardson, journeyman Jason Davis and rookie John Conner.
Second-year starting quarterback Mark Sanchez's development as the "face" of the franchise.
Kris Jenkins's return after ACL surgery.
Running back Danny Woodhead's attempt to make the team.
Cornerback Antonio Cromartie attempting (and failing) to name all 9 of his children.[15][21]

text: At the end of July 2011, NFL Films announced it would not be producing Hard Knocks for the 2011 season.[22] No team wanted to commit to the series due to uncertainty with the NFL's labor situation.  A retrospective on the series titled Hard Knocks: A Decade Of NFL Training Camps was made featuring clips from every episode made to that point, and including comments looking back on the series from Brian Billick, Shannon Sharpe, Mike Westhoff, and others.

text: Miami Dolphins (2012)[edit]

text: On May 29, 2012, Miami Dolphins head coach Joe Philbin announced that the team would participate in the 2012 season of Hard Knocks.[23]

text: Some of the issues covered in the 2012 Dolphins season include:

text:
The contract negotiation of Ryan Tannehill, followed by his development as a rookie quarterback in the NFL.
The quarterback position battle between Matt Moore, David Garrard and Ryan Tannehill, with Tannehill winning the starting job after week 2 of the pre-season.[24]
The health issues of David Garrard, especially after undergoing knee surgery during training camp.[25] He was released from the team the same day this season's final episode aired.[26]
The difficulty of Les Brown in adjusting from former college basketball player to NFL tight end, and his subsequent release from the team.
The meeting in which Philbin informs Chad Johnson (formerly Chad Ochocinco) of his release from the team following his arrest for allegedly headbutting his wife of 41 days.[15][27][28]
The meeting in which general manager Jeff Ireland informs cornerback Vontae Davis that he was traded to the Indianapolis Colts for two future draft picks.[15][29][30]

text: Cincinnati Bengals (2013)[edit]

text: The Cincinnati Bengals were featured in the 2013 season, which was the team's second appearance on the show.  The first episode of the season premiered on August 6, 2013.[31]

text: Some of the issues covered in the 2013 Bengals season include:

text:
Rookie defensive lineman Larry Black's season-ending injury
Linebacker James Harrison's dislike of the camera crew at training camp
The back-up quarterback position battle between Josh Johnson and John Skelton
Estonian rookie defensive end Margus Hunt's adjustment to the NFL and life in the U.S.
The fullback position battle between veteran John Conner and converted tight end Orson Charles
The linebacker position battle between undrafted rookies Jayson DiManche and Bruce Taylor.
Linebacker Aaron Maybin's struggle to stay on the team and his pursuit of painting.

text: Atlanta Falcons (2014)[edit]

text: On June 12, 2014, the Atlanta Falcons announced that the team would participate in the 2014 season of Hard Knocks premiering on August 5, 2014.[32]

text: Some of the issues covered in the 2014 Falcons season include:

text:
The Falcons attempt to build more toughness into the team after a disappointing 2013 season.
Veteran Kroy Biermann's attempt to return from a major injury and switch positions.
Rookies Tyler Starr and Jaques Smith's attempt to make the team.[33]

text: Houston Texans (2015)[edit]

text: On May 27, 2015, it was announced the Houston Texans would be the team featured for the 2015 season premiering on August 11, 2015.[34][35]

text: Some of the issues covered in the 2015 Texans season include:

text:
Head coach Bill O'Brien trying to lead the team to the playoffs after finishing just short in 2014.
The quarterback battle between Ryan Mallett and Brian Hoyer.
Vince Wilfork bringing leadership and experience to Houston.
Jadeveon Clowney returning from a torn meniscus.
Reigning Defensive Player of the Year J. J. Watt trying to become an even better player.
Rookies Kevin Johnson and Jaelen Strong adjusting to life in the NFL.
David Quessenberry recovering from cancer.
Kourtnei Brown, Uzoma Nwachukwu, and Charles James trying to make the team.

text: Los Angeles Rams (2016)[edit]

text: On March 23, 2016, it was announced the Los Angeles Rams would be the team featured for the 2016 season premiering on August 9, 2016.[36]

text: Some of the issues covered in the 2016 Rams season include:

text:
The team moving back to Los Angeles after spending 21 years in St. Louis
Head coach Jeff Fisher releasing the previous season's starting quarterback Nick Foles over the telephone
#1 overall draft pick Jared Goff's first experiences in the NFL
Eric Kush fighting for a spot on the roster
William Hayes' unconventional beliefs about the existence of mermaids and dinosaurs.

text: Tampa Bay Buccaneers (2017)[edit]

text: On April 19, 2017, it was announced the Tampa Bay Buccaneers would be the team featured for the 2017 season premiering on August 8, 2017[37].

text: Cleveland Browns (2018)[edit]

text: On May 17, 2018, it was announced the Cleveland Browns would be the team featured for the 2018 season premiering on August 7, 2018.

text: Some of the issues covered in the 2018 Browns season include:

text:
First overall draft pick Baker Mayfield adjusting to life in the NFL.
The quarterback battle between Mayfield and Tyrod Taylor.
Josh Gordon returning to training camp for the first start since his second substance abuse policy violation in 2014.
Hue Jackson trying to retain his position as head coach and win more games.
Jarvis Landry assuming responsibility as a leader on the team.
Rookie Antonio Callaway being unable to avoid run-ins with the law.
Journeymen Devon Cajuste and Nate Orchard trying to make the team.
Carl Nassib's finance lessons.

text: Similar productions[edit]

text: Inside Training Camp: Jaguars Summer[edit]

text: In 2004, NFL Films produced a training camp documentary series, similar to Hard Knocks, that featured the Jacksonville Jaguars.  Called Inside Training Camp: Jaguars Summer,[38] it aired on the NFL Network, not HBO, and was narrated by frequent NFL Films narrator Robb Webb.[39]

text: Some of the issues covered in this 2004 series include:

text:
Jack Del Rio's second season as a head coach
The development of rookie wide receiver Reggie Williams, the Jaguars' first-round draft pick of 2004
The relationship between rookie placekicker Josh Scobee and legendary special teams coach Pete Rodriguez


document_title: Premios Juventud

question_text: who votes for winners of los premios juventud

text: Premios Juventud

text:
Premios Juventud

 2017 Premios Juventud

Awarded for
pop culture of young Hispanic and Latino Americans

Country
United States

Presented by
Univision

First awarded
2004

Website
http://www.univision.com/especiales/premios-juventud

text: Premios Juventud (Youth Awards) is an awards show for Spanish-speaking celebrities in the areas of film, music, sports, fashion, and pop culture, presented by the television network Univision. Winners are determined by online vote at univision.com.

text: Premios Juventud is set apart by their unique categories, including "Me muero sin ese CD" (Album I can't live without), "Mi concierto favorito" (My favorite concert), and "La más pegajosa" (Catchiest song).

text: Enrique Iglesias has won the highest numbers of awards with 16 awards.

text: Past winners have included people such as Enrique Iglesias, Prince Royce, Juanes, Shakira, Daddy Yankee, Thalía, RBD, Romeo Santos, Antonio Banderas, Maná, Jennifer Lopez, Gloria Trevi and Fifth Harmony.

text: Editions[edit]

text: The first two editions were held in September. In 2006 it was moved up to July. From 2004 to 2017 the show aired on a Thursday. Starting in 2018 it will air on a Sunday.

text: Every edition has been held in the Watsco Center.

text:
Edition
Date
Host(s)
Venue

1st
September 23, 2004
Cristián de la Fuente, Galilea Montijo, Myrka Dellanos
Watsco Center

2nd
September 22, 2005
Jaime Camil, Kate del Castillo

3rd
July 13, 2006
Alessandra Rosaldo, Cristián de la Fuente, Jan, Ninel Conde

4th
July 19, 2007
Angélica Vale, Belinda Peregrín, Jaime Camil

5th
July 17, 2008
Eduardo Santamarina, Mayrin Villanueva, RBD

6th
July 16, 2009
Anahi, Juan Soler, Karyme Lozano, Pee Wee

7th
July 15, 2010
Ninel Conde, Pee Wee

8th
July 21, 2011

9th
July 19, 2012
Alicia Machado

10th
July 18, 2013
Eduardo Yañez, Erika Buenfil

11th
July 17, 2014
Ana Brenda Contreras, Cristián de la Fuente, Galilea Montijo

12th
July 16, 2015
Alejandra Espinoza, El Dasa, Ninel Conde, William Levy

13th
July 14, 2016
Emeraude Toubia, William Levy

14th
July 6, 2017[1]
Alejandra Espinoza, Danilo Carrera