document_title: Bailey (surname)

question_text: where does the last name bailey come from

text: Bailey (surname)

text:
Bailey

Family name

Meaning
(from Bailiff) "to deliver"

Region of origin
England

Footnotes: [1]

text: Bailey is an occupational surname of English origin. Bailey is the 58th most common surname in England and is most commonly found in Jamaica.[1]

text:
Top
0–9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z

text: A[edit]

text:
Aaron Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Aaron Bailey (American football) (born 1971), American football player

Abe Bailey (1864–1940), South African diamond tycoon, politician, financier and cricketer
Ace Bailey (1903–1992), Canadian ice hockey player
Adrian Bailey (born 1945), British politician
Sir Alan Bailey (born 1931), British civil servant
Albert Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Albert Bailey (cricketer) (1872–1950), English cricketer whose name may have been Alfred
Albert Bailey (rugby league), English rugby league footballer of the 1930s
Albert Bailey (politician) (1915–1999), Australian politician

Aleen Bailey (born 1980), Jamaican athlete
Alexander Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people
Alfred Marshall Bailey (1894–1978), American ornithologist and museum director
Alfred Bailey (1905–1997), Canadian academic and poet
Alice Bailey (1880–1949), British theosophist
Allen Bailey (born 1989), American footballer
Alvin Bailey (born 1991), American footballer
Andrew Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Andrew Bailey (banker) (born 1959), British banker
Andrew Bailey (baseball) (born 1984), American baseball pitcher

Angela Bailey (born 1962), Canadian athlete
Anne Bailey (1742–1825), British-born American frontier scout
Anne Howard Bailey (1924–2006), American writer
Anne Bailey (ten-pin bowling) (born 1951), British ten-pin bowler
Anthony Bailey (author) (born 1933), English author
Anthony Bailey (interfaith campaigner) (born 1970), Irish-British-Antiguan campaigner and PR consultant
Arthur Scott Bailey (1877–1949), American writer
Arthur Bailey (fl.1904), Canadian Olympic rower

text: B[edit]

text:
Barbara Bailey Kennelly, née Barbara Bailey (born 1936), American politician
Mary Barbara Bailey, née Barbara Bailey (1910–2003), English canoness and illustrator
Barbara Bailey (born 19??), American politician in Washington State
Ben, Benjamin and Benny Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Ben Bailey (born 1970), American comedian

Benjamin Bailey (missionary) (1791–1871), British missionary in India
Benjamin Franklin Bailey (1875–1944), American electrical engineer

Benny Bailey (1925–2005), American jazz trumpeter

Bert Bailey (1868–1953), New Zealand writer and actor
Bill and Billy Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Bill Bailey (outfielder) (1881–1967), Major League Baseball outfielder
Bill Bailey (pitcher) (1888–1926), Major League Baseball pitcher
Bill Bailey (Spanish Civil War veteran) (1911–1995), Irish-American labor activist
Bill Bailey (dancer) (1912–1978), American tap dancer and moonwalk pioneer
Bill Bailey (American football) (1916–1990), former American football player
Bill Bailey (surfer) (1933–2009), known as "the father of British surfing"
Bill Bailey (Indiana) (born 1948), American businessman and politician
Bill Bailey (born 1964), British comedian, musician, actor, TV and radio presenter and author
Bill Bailey (American actor) (born 19??), American actor and author

Billy Bailey (Gunfight at Hide Park) (died 1871), lawman who was murdered
Billy Bailey (1947–1996), American executed for murder
Billy Wayne Bailey (born 1957), former Democratic member of the West Virginia Senate

Bob Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Bob Bailey (actor) (1913–1983), American radio actor
Bob Bailey (ice hockey) (1931–2003), Canadian ice hockey player
Bob Bailey (baseball) (born 1942), American third baseman in Major League Baseball
Bob Bailey (politician) (born 1951), Canadian: member of the Ontario legislature
Bob Bailey (rugby league) , former New Zealand rugby league player and coach

Boss Bailey (born 1979), American football player
Bret Bailey (born 1964), Australian rules footballer
Brett Bailey (born 1967), South African playwright, director and artist
Brian Bailey (born 19??), Canadian fashion designer
Bruce M. Bailey (born 1935), American author and humorist
Buck Bailey (1896–1964), American baseball coach
Buddy Bailey (born 1957), American baseball manager
Bunty Bailey (born 1964), English model, dancer and actress
Buster Bailey (1902–1967), American jazz clarinettist
Byron Bailey (1930–1998), US American and Canadian footballer

text: C[edit]

text:
Caleb Bailey (1898–1957), American Marine Corps officer, pilot and athlete
Cameron Bailey (born 19??), Canadian film critic and festival programmer
Candace Bailey (born 1982), American actress
Carey Bailey (born 1969), American football player and coach
Carl Bailey (born 1958), American basketball player
Carl Edward Bailey (1894–1948), American politician, 31st Governor of Arkansas
Carlton Bailey (born 1964), American football linebacker
Carolyn Sherwin Bailey (1875–1961), American author of children's stories
Catherine Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Catherine Hayes Bailey (1921–2014), American plant geneticist

Champ Bailey (born 1978), American football player
Charles and Charlie Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Charles Justin Bailey (1859–1946), American soldier
Charles Bailey (medium) (1870–1947), Australian apport medium
Charles P. Bailey (1910–1993), American pioneer in heart surgery
Charles W. Bailey (1929–2012), American journalist, newspaper editor and novelist
Charlie Bailey (born 1940), former American football coach
Charles R. Bailey (born 19??), American Army chaplain
Charles G. Bailey (born 196?), faculty manager of WMUL, Marshall University

Charlie Bailey (born 1940), American football coach

Chip Bailey (1921–1963), New Zealand trade unionist
Chris and Christopher Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Chris Bailey (Australian musician) (born 1950), member of the rock bands The Angels and Gang Gajang
Chris Bailey (musician) (born 1951), co-founder and singer of rock band The Saints
Chris Bailey (artist) (born 1965) New Zealand Māori carver and sculptor
Chris Bailey (tennis) (born 1968), English tennis player, TV sports commentator and property consultant
Chris Bailey (ice hockey) (born 1972), American ice hockey player
Chris Bailey (rugby league) (born 1982), Australian rugby league player
Chris Bailey (animator) (born 19??), American animator

Christopher Bailey (fashion designer) (born 1971), English fashion executive
Christopher Bailey (screenwriter) (born 19??), British lecturer and Doctor Who screenwriter

Cindy-Lu Bailey (born 1965), Australian deaf swimmer and the most decorated woman in Deaflympics history
Clifton George Bailey III (born 1967), Jamaican reggae artist known as Capleton
Colin Bailey (drummer) (born 1934), British-born American jazz drummer
Colin Bailey (born 19??), British museum director
Corinne Bailey Rae (born 1979), British singer
Cory Bailey (born 1971), American baseball pitcher
Cullen Bailey (born 1985), Australian cricketer

text: D[edit]

text:
D. R. Shackleton Bailey (1917–2005), British classical scholar
Damian Bailey (born 1991), Anguillan footballer
Dan, Daniel and Danny Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Dan Bailey (conservationist) (1904–1982), American conservationist
Dan Bailey (American football) (born 1988), American football placekicker

Daniel A. Bailey (1894–1970), American politician in Pennsylvania
Daniel Bailey (born 1986), sprinter from Antigua and Barbuda

Danny Bailey (born 1964), English footballer

Darrell Bailey, basketball fan known as Clipper Darrell
Dave or David Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Dave Bailey (musician) (born 1926), American jazz drummer
Dave Bailey (athlete) (born 1945), Canadian track and field athlete

David Bailey (militia officer), American militia officer in the Illinois Militia
David Jackson Bailey (1812–1897), American politician
David Bailey (actor) (1933–2004), American actor
David Bailey (born 1938), English fashion and portrait photographer
David Bailey (cricketer, born 1943), English cricketer
David Bailey (cricketer, born 1944), English cricketer
David H. Bailey (born 1948), American mathematician
David Alan Bailey (born 1952), American child/teen actor
David Bailey (motocross) (born 1961), American racer
David A. Bailey (born 1961), British Afro-Caribbean curator, photographer and writer
David M. Bailey (1966–2010), American Christian singer-songwriter
David Bailey (economist) (born 1966), British academic and commentator
David Bailey (rugby league) (born 1969), New Zealand rugby league footballer
David Bailey (basketball) (born 1981), American basketball player
David Bailey (writer) (born 19??), British editor and science fiction author

Dawayne Bailey (born 19??), American guitarist
Dean Bailey (1967–2014), Australian rules football player and coach
DeFord Bailey (1899–1982), American country musician
Dennis Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Dennis Bailey (footballer born 1935), English association football player
Dennis Bailey (footballer born 1965), English association football player
Dennis Bailey (rugby league), British rugby league footballer of the 1990s

Derek Bailey (guitarist) (1930–2005), British guitarist
Derek Bailey (tribal chairman) (born 1972), Native American tribal chairman and US Congressional candidate
Derrick Bailey (1918–2005), British cricketer and aviation entrepreneur
Derrick Sherwin Bailey (1910–1984), British theologian
Dion Bailey (born 1992), American football safety
Dona Bailey (born 19??), American computer game designer
Donald Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Sir Donald Bailey (civil engineer) (1901–1985), British civil engineer
Donald Bailey (musician) (1934–2013), American jazz drummer
Donald A. Bailey (born 1945), American politician and lawyer
Donald Bailey (architect) (born ????), Australian architect

Donovan Bailey (born 1967), Jamaican-Canadian athlete
Dot Bailey (born 19??), New Zealand cricketer
Doug Bailey (1933–2013), American political consultant
Doug Bailey (footballer), Australian rules football

text: E[edit]

text:
Ed Bailey (1931–2007), American baseball player
Edward Bailey (1814–1903), American missionary and painter
Edward Battersby Bailey (1881–1965), English geologist
Edwin Bailey (born 1959), American footballer
Eion Bailey (born 1976), American actor
Elisabeth Tova Bailey (born 19??), American writer
Elizabeth Bailey (born 1938), American economist
Ellene Alice Bailey (1853–1897), American inventor and designer
Erastus Michael Bailey, American singer-songwriter better known as Razzy Bailey
Eric Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Eric Bailey (politician) (1905–1989), British Conservative Member of Parliament
Eric Bailey (GC) (1906–1946), Australian recipient of the George Cross
Eric Bailey (basketball) (born 1960), Australian basketball player
Eric Bailey (American football) (born 1963), American football player

Everett Russell Bailey (1888–1932), American physician
Ewan Bailey (born 1966), British actor

text: F[edit]

text:
F. Lee Bailey (born 1933), American attorney
Florence Augusta Merriam Bailey (1863–1948), American ornithologist
Fran Bailey (born 1946), Australian politician
Francis Lee Bailey (born 1933), American lawyer
Frank Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Frank Bailey (financier) (1865–1953), New York businessman and philanthropist
Frank Bailey (footballer) (1907–1969), English association footballer
Frank I. Bailey, Jr. (born 1936), American politician
Frank Bailey (author) (born 1970), former aide to then Alaska governor Sarah Palin, and author

Fred and Frederick Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Fred Bailey (1895–1972), American baseball player

Frederick Manson Bailey (1827–1915), Australian botanist
Frederick Marshman Bailey (1882–1967), known as Eric, British Intelligence officer and explorer
Frederick Bailey (cricketer) (1919–1985), English cricketer

text: G[edit]

text:
G. W. Bailey (born 1944), American actor
Gamaliel Bailey (1807–1859), American journalist
Garnet Bailey (1948–2001), Canadian hockey player
Gary Bailey (born 1958), English footballer
Gary Bailey (cricketer) (born 1966), English cricketer
Gene Bailey (1893–1973), American baseball player
Geoff Bailey (born 19??), British archaeologist
Geoffrey Bailey (1899–19??), British WWI flying ace
George Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

George Bailey (cricketer, born 1853) (1853–1926), Australian cricketer
George Edwin Bailey (1879–1965), British electrical engineer and industrialist
George Bailey (racing driver) (1900–1940), American racecar driver
George Bailey (athlete) (1906–2000), English steeplechase runner
George Bailey (footballer) (1919–1998), Australian rules footballer for Carlton and Perth
George Bailey (cricketer, born 1982) (born 1982), Australian cricketer

Gerald Bailey (1903–1975), British politician
Gillian Bailey (born 1955), British actress and academic
Glenda Bailey (born 1958), British journalist
Graeme Bailey (born 1943), Australian racing driver
Graham Bailey (born 1920), English footballer
Guy Bailey (born 1950), American educator

text: H[edit]

text:
H. B. Bailey (1936–2003), American racing driver
H. C. Bailey (1878–1961), British writer
H. E. Bailey (died 1976), Oklahoma politician
Hachaliah Bailey (1775–1845), American circusman
Harold Walter Bailey (1899–1996), English linguistic scholar
Harold Bailey (gridiron football) (born 1957), American football player
Harry Bailey (footballer) (1919–1996), footballer for Leicester Fosse
Harry Bailey (1922–1985), Australian psychiatrist
Harvey Bailey (1887–1979), American bank robber
Helen Bailey (1965–2016), British author
Henry Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Henry Bailey (Canadian politician) (1818–1897), politician in Nova Scotia
Henry Bailey (Australian politician) (1876–1962), Australian politician
Henry Bailey (American football) (born 1973), American football wide receiver

Homer Bailey (born 1986), American baseball player
Horace Bailey (1881–1960), English footballer

text: I[edit]

text:
Ian Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Ian Bailey (footballer) (born 1956), English footballer
Ian Bailey (author) (born 1959), head buyer and later financial director of Games Workshop
Ian Bailey (British Army soldier) (born 1959), Corporal in the Parachute Regiment who won the Military Medal during the Falklands War

Imogen Bailey (born 1977), Australian model

text: J[edit]

text:
J. A. Bailey (born 1930), English cricketer and cricket administrator
J. Michael Bailey (born 1957), American psychologist and professor at Northwestern University
J. O. Bailey (1903–1979), American literary academic
J. R. Bailey (1932–1980), American singer-songwriter
Jack Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Jack Bailey (footballer, born 1901) (1901–????), English football player
Jack Bailey (actor) (1907–1980), American actor and daytime game show host
Jack Bailey (footballer, born 1921) (1921–1986), English football player

Jackson Bailey (1925–1996), American academic (Japanese language, culture and history)
Jacob Bailey (author) (1731–1808), Church of England clergyman and author
Jacob Whitman Bailey (1811–1857), American naturalist
James Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

James Bailey (U.S. politician) (1801–1880), mayor of Houston, Texas
James Bailey (classical scholar) (c.1802–1864), English schoolmaster
James E. Bailey (1822–1885), United States Senator from Tennessee
James Bailey (British politician) (1840–1910), British Conservative Party politician, MP 1895–1906
James Montgomery Bailey (1841–1894), American journalist
James Anthony Bailey (1847–1906), co-founder of Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus
James E. Bailey (Medal of Honor) (fl. 1870s) recipient during the Indian Wars
James R. A. Bailey (1919–2000), founder and original editor of Drum magazine
James Bailey (basketball) (born 1957), American Basketball player
James Bailey (rugby union) (born 1983), English rugby union footballer for Gloucester RFC
James Bailey (footballer) (born 1988), English footballer
James Bailey (author) (born 19??), American author and TV actor
James Thomas Bailey (born 19??), founder of ComedySportz Los Angeles

Jay Bailey (1944–2001), American biochemical engineer
Jeff Bailey (born 1978), American baseball player
Jeffrey Scott Bailey (born 1970), American actor
Jennifer Bailey (born 1996), British acrobatic gymnast
Jenny Bailey (born 1962), British politician
Jerry D. Bailey (born 1957), American jockey and broadcaster
Jim Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Jim Bailey (cricketer) (1908–1988), English cricketer
Jim Bailey (baseball) (born 1934), American Major League Baseball pitcher
Jim Bailey (American football) (born 1948), American football player
Jim Bailey (entertainer) (1949–2015), American singer, actor, and female impressionist

Joe Bailey (ice hockey) (born 19??), Canadian ice hockey player
Joel John Bailey (born 1980), American soccer player
Joh Bailey (born 19??), Australian hairdresser
John Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

John Bailey (minister) (1643–1697), English dissenting minister, later in life in New England
John Bailey (agriculturist) (1750-1819), English agriculturist and engraver
John Bailey (Massachusetts) (1786–1835), Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts
John Bailey Denton (1814–1893), British surveyor and civil engineer
John William Bailey (1831-1914), British miniature painter
John Mosher Bailey (1838–1916), U.S. Representative from New York
John Bailey (critic) (1864-1931), English literary critic, lecturer, and chairman of the National Trust
John Bailey (New South Wales politician) (1871–1947), Australian politician
John O. Bailey (1880–1959), State supreme court justice from Oregon
John Edgar Bailey (1897-1958), Northern Irish politician
John Moran Bailey (1904–1975), United States politician, chair of the Democratic National Committee
John Bailey (British actor) (1912 - 1989), British screen and TV actor
John Bailey (luthier) (1931–2011), maker of fine guitars in England
John Bailey (cinematographer) (born 1942), American cinematographer
John Bailey (American actor) (1947–1994), a.k.a. Jack Baker
John Bailey (footballer, born 1950), English football player and chairman
John Preston Bailey (born 1951), United States federal judge
John Bailey (Australian politician) (born 1954), Australian politician
John Bailey (footballer, born 1957), English football player
John Bailey (footballer, born 1969), English football player
John Bailey (rugby league) (born 1954), Australian rugby league footballer and coach
John Bailey (producer) (born 19??), Canadian recording engineer, producer
John Bailey (Irish politician) member of Dun Laoghaire/Rathdown County Council

Jonathan Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people
Joseph Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Sir Joseph Bailey, 1st Baronet (1783–1858), Welsh Member of Parliament for Worcester and Breconshire
Joseph Bailey (congressman) (1810–1885), U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania
Joseph Bailey (politician born 1812) (1812–1850), British MP
Joseph Bailey (general) (1825–1867), American Civil War general
Joseph M. Bailey (1833-1895), American jurist and politician
Joseph Russell Bailey, 1st Baron Glanusk (1840–1906), British MP and Lord
Joseph Weldon Bailey (1862–1929), United States Congressman and Senator from Texas
Joseph Weldon Bailey, Jr. (1892–1943), Congressman from Texas and son of Joseph Weldon Bailey
Joseph Bailey (cricketer) (born 1942), Bermudian cricketer
Joseph Bailey (author) (born 19??), American author and psychologist

Josh Bailey (born 1989), Canadian hockey player, NY Islanders
Josiah Bailey (1873–1946), American politician
Judith Bailey (born 19??), American university president
Judy Bailey (born 1953), New Zealand television personality
Julian Bailey (born 1961), British racing driver
Julian Bailey (actor) (born 1977), Canadian actor
Julian Bailey (rugby league) (born 1978), Australian rugby league footballer
Julie Bailey (born 19??), British campaigner against poor NHS hospital care
Justin Bailey (born 1995), American ice hockey forward

text: K[edit]

text:
Kate Bailey (born 1982), Australian Paralympic swimmer
Kathryn Ann Bailey (born 1943) American politician known as Kay Bailey Hutchison
Keith Bailey (born 1964), Irish cricketer
Kelly Bailey (composer) (born 19??), New Zealand composer and game designer
Kenneth Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Kenneth Bailey (Australian lawyer) (1898–1972), Australian public servant
Kenneth D. Bailey (1910–1942), US Marines officer
Kenneth D. Bailey (sociologist) (born 1943), American sociologist

Kevin Bailey (poet) (born 1954), British poet
Kevin Bailey (politician) (born 19??), Texas state representative, 1991–2009
Kid Bailey, (dates unknown), American Mississippi Delta bluesman
Kyle Bailey (basketball) (born 1982), American basketball player

text: L[edit]

text:
Laura Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Laura Bailey (model) (born 1972), English model
Laura Bailey (voice actress) (born 1981), American actress

Lee Bailey (born 1972), Scottish footballer
Len Bailey (1926–1997), British automobile designer
Leonard Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Leonard Bailey (inventor) (1825–1905), inventor/toolmaker and patentor of the Plane (tool)
Leonard L. Bailey (born 1942), surgeon who transplanted heart of baboon into Baby Fae

LeRoy Bailey Jr. Senior Pastor of The First Cathedral
Liam Bailey (born 1983), English musician and singer
Liberty Hyde Bailey (1858–1954), American botanist
Lowell Bailey (born 1981), American biathlete
Lorna Bailey (born 1978), British ceramic artist
Lucy Bailey (born 19??), British theatre director
Luke Bailey (rugby league) (born 1980), Australian rugby league international
Luke Bailey (actor) (born 1984), British actor
Lydia Bailey (printer) (1779–1869), American printer

text: M[edit]

text:
Madilyn Bailey, American singer-songwriter
Malcolm Bailey (footballer, born 1937) (born 1937), English footballer
Malcolm Bailey (born 1950), English footballer
Margaret Jewett Smith Bailey (c.1812–1882) American pioneer, missionary, and author
Margaret Bailey (1879–1955), Australian teacher
Marian Breland Bailey (1920–2001), American psychologist
Marion Bailey (born 1951), British actress
Mark Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Mark Bailey (diplomat) (born 1951), Canadian diplomat
Mark Bailey (rugby union) (born 1960), English rugby player, headmaster and professor of Medieval History
Mark Bailey (baseball) (born 1961), American baseball catcher
Mark Bailey (conductor) (born 1962), American conductor and composer of Slavic sacred music
Mark Bailey (cricketer) (born 1970), New Zealand cricketer
Mark Bailey (footballer) (born 1976), English footballer
Mark Bailey (politician) (born 19??), Australian politician

Mat Bailey (born 1986), English footballer
Matt Bailey (born 1991), Canadian ice hockey player
Maurice Bailey (born 1981), American basketball player
Maurice and Maralyn Bailey, World Record for longest time adrift at Sea (117 days)
Max Bailey (born 1986), Australian rules footballer
McKinley Bailey (born 19??), Iowan politician
Michael and Mike Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Michael Buckworth Bailey (1827–1899)), British Anglican missionary to Japan
Michael Bailey (cricketer) (born 1954), retired English cricketer
Michael Bailey (environmentalist) (born 1954), Canadian member of Greenpeace Foundation
Michael Bailey (Canadian football) (born 1982), Canadian footballer for the Toronto Argonauts
Michael Bailey (businessman) (born 19??), British CEO of Compass Group

Mike Bailey (footballer) (born 1942), English footballer
Mike Bailey (actor) (born 1988), English actor
Mike Bailey (weatherman), Australian radio presenter and politician

Mildred Bailey (1907–1951), American singer

text: N[edit]

text:
Nat Bailey (1902–1978), Canadian restaurateur (White Spot)
Nathan Bailey (died 1742), English lexicographer
Neil Bailey (born 1958), English football player, coach and assistant manager
Nicholas Bailey (born 1971), British actor
Nick Bailey (born 19??), American guitarist and songwriter
Nicky Bailey (born 1984), English footballer
Norma Bailey (born 1949), Canadian film director
Norman Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Norman Bailey (footballer) (1857–1923)
Norman Bailey (musician) (1913–1984), American musician with the Lawrence Welk orchestra
Norman Bailey (government official) (born 1931), senior staffer of the US National Security Council
Norman Bailey (bass-baritone) (born 1933), British opera singer

text: O[edit]

text: Oliver Bailey (born 1982), English cricketer

text: P[edit]

text:
Patricia Bailey (born 19??), American politician found guilty of voter fraud in Illinois
Patrick Bailey (born 1985), American football linebacker
Paul Dayton Bailey (1906–1987), American writer
Paul Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people
Pearce Bailey (neurologist) (1865–1922), American neurologist and psychiatrist
Pearl Bailey (1918–1990), American singer and actress
Peter Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people
Phil Bailey (born 1980), Australian rugby league player
Philip James Bailey (1816–1902), British poet
Philip Bailey (born 1951), American singer
Philip Bailey (cricket writer) (born 1953), British cricket statistician

text: R[edit]

text:
Ralph Emerson Bailey (1878–1948), American congressman from Missouri
Ray Bailey (1935–2012), Tasmanian politician
Raymond Bailey (1904–1980), American actor
Raymond Bailey (sportsman) (born 1944), English cricketer and footballer
Razzy Bailey (born 1939), American singer-songwriter
Rebecca Bailey (born 1974), New Zealand Olympic road cyclist
Richard W. Bailey (1939–2011), American linguist
Richard William Bailey (1885–1957), British mechanical engineer
Rob and Robert Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Rob Bailey (cricketer) (born 1963), English cricketer
Rob Bailey (director) (born 19??), English television director
Rob Bailey (musician) (born 19??), Australian musician

Robert D. Bailey, Sr. (1883–1963), American judge, involved in the Matewan Massacre trials
Robert L. Bailey (1892–1957), 5th Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas
Robert D. Bailey, Jr. (1912–1994), American politician who served as West Virginia Secretary of State
Robert Bailey (geographer) (born 1939), American geographer
Robert E. Bailey (born 19??), U.S. Air Force Brigadier General
Robert Bailey (American football) (born 1968), American football player
Robert Bailey, Jr. (born 1990), American actor

Robin Bailey (1919–1999), English actor
Robin Wayne Bailey (born 1952), American writer
Rodney Bailey (born 1979), American football defensive end
Roger Bailey (rugby league) (born 19??), New Zealand rugby league international
Roger Bailey (born 1970), American baseball player
Ron and Ronald Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Ron Bailey (rugby league) (1914–1989), Australian rugby league footballer of the 1930s and 40s
Ron Bailey (politician) (1926–2015), New Zealand politician of the Labour Party

Ronald Bailey (cricketer) (1923–1990), English cricketer
Ronald Bailey (born 1953), American author and editor of books on economics, ecology and biotechnology

Rosanne Bailey (1950-2016), United States military officer
Roy Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Roy Bailey (politician) (born 1928), Canadian Progressive Conservative politician from Saskatchewan
Roy Bailey (footballer) (1932–1993), English professional footballer
Roy Bailey (folk singer) (born 1935), British socialist folk singer

Russ Bailey (1897–1949), American football center

Ryan Bailey (water polo) (born 1975), American water polo player
Ryan Bailey (cricketer) (born 1982), South African cricketer
Ryan Bailey (rugby league) (born 1983), English rugby league footballer
Ryan Bailey (athlete) (born 1989), American sprinter
Ryan C. Bailey (born 19??), American chemist

text: S[edit]

text:
Sam, Samantha and Samuel Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Sam Bailey (singer) (born 1977), British singer, winner of the 2013 series of the UK's X Factor

Samantha Bailey (born 2001), American actress

Samuel Bailey (1791–1870), British philosopher and writer

Sarah Bailey (born 1977), British Paralympian swimmer and cyclist now known as Dame Sarah Storey
Scott Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Scott Field Bailey (1916–2005), bishop
Scott Bailey (curler) (born 1970), Canadian curler
Scott Bailey (ice hockey) (born 1972), ice hockey player
Scott Bailey (actor) (born 1978), American actor

Sean Bailey (born 19??), American television and film producer
Shaun Bailey (born 1971), British Conservative politician and political advisor
Shaun Bailey (born 1990), English cricketer
Sir Sidney Bailey (1882–1942), British Royal Navy Admiral
Simon Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Simon Bailey (priest) (1955–1995), Anglican priest and writer
Simon Bailey (graphic designer) (born 1973), Australian graphic designer
Simon T. Bailey (born 1968), American speaker, author, life coach and entrepreneur
Simon Bailey (archivist) (born 19??), Keeper of the Archives at the University of Oxford in England

Sly Bailey, British newspaper executive
Solon Irving Bailey (1854–1931), American astronomer
Sonja Bailey (born 1970), Australian fine artist
Spencer Bailey (born c.1986), American 3 year old survivor of United Airlines Flight 232 air crash in 1989
Stacey Bailey (born 1962), American football player
Sir Stanley Bailey (1926–2008), senior British police officer
Stanley John Bailey (1901–1980), British professor of law and legal writer
Stefan Bailey (born 1987), English footballer
Steve and Steven Bailey, multiple people

Steve Bailey (baseball) (born 1942), baseball player
Steve Bailey (born 1960), American bassist

Steven W. Bailey, American actor

Stuart Bailey (born 1977), British graphic designer

text: T[edit]

text:
Tania Bailey (born 1979), British squash player
Tanya Bailey (born 1981), Australian BMX cyclist
Teddy Bailey (born 1944), American footballer
Temple Bailey (c.1869–1963), American writer
Terry Bailey (born 1947), English footballer
Theodorus Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Theodorus Bailey (politician) (1758–1828), United States senator from New York
Theodorus Bailey (officer) (1805–1877), naval officer in the U.S. Civil War and the senator's nephew

Thomas Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Thomas Bailey (priest) (died 1657), 17th century religious controversialist
Thomas Bailey (topographer) (1785–1856), topographer and writer
Thomas P. Bailey (1867–1949), American educator
Thomas Jennings Bailey (1867–1963), U.S. federal judge
Thomas L. Bailey (1888–1946), American politician, Governor of Mississippi, 1944–1946
Thomas A. Bailey (1902–1983), historian and textbook author
Thomas H. Bailey (born 19??), American founder of mutual fund Janus

Thurl Bailey (born 1961), American basketball player
Tim Bailey (born 19??), Australian journalist, radio and TV presenter and sports reporter
Toby Bailey (born 1975), American sports agent and former basketball player
Toby Bailey (cricketer) (born 1976), English wicketkeeper
Tom Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Tom Bailey (footballer) (born 1888), footballer who played for Lincoln City and Stoke
Tom Bailey (American football) (1949–2005), American football player
Tom Bailey (musician) (born 1954), English musician
Tom Bailey (author) (born 1961), American author and editor
Tom Bailey (cricketer) (born 1991), cricketer

Trevor Bailey (1923–2011), English cricketer, cricket writer and broadcaster
Trevor Bailey (rugby league) (born 1962), Australian rugby league footballer

text: V[edit]

text:
Vernon Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Vernon Orlando Bailey (1864–1942), US naturalist
Vernon Howe Bailey (1874–1953), US artist and photographer

Victor Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

Victor Albert Bailey (1895–1964), British-Australian physicist
Victor Bailey (musician) (1960–2016), American bass guitar player
Victor Bailey (American football) (born 1970), American football player

text: W[edit]

text:
W. P. Bailey (fl.1864–1871), English cricketer
Warren Worth Bailey (1855–1928), American congressman from Pennsylvania
Wendell Bailey (born 1940), American congressman from Missouri
Wesley Bailey (1808–1889), American newspaper editor and
Wilford S. Bailey (1921-2000), American academic administrator
Wilfrid Norman Bailey (1893–1961), British mathematician
Wilfred Bailey, 3rd Baron Glanusk (1891–1948), British peer and soldier
William Bailey (disambiguation), multiple people

William J. Bailey (1807–1876), British-born physician and politician in the Oregon Country
William Henry Bailey (1831–1908), American author, lawyer, and statesman
Sir William Bailey (engineer) (1838-1913), British engineer, businessman, and local politician
William Francis Bailey (1842–1915), American politician and judge
William Trist Bailey (1846–1910), British-born American land developer
William Heap Bailey (1847–1926), British amateur footballer
William Bailey Lamar (1853–1928), American politician and lawyer
William Frederick Bailey (1857–1917), Irish lawyer and writer
William Bailey (cricketer, born 1870) (1870–1930), English cricketer
William Bailey (cricketer, born 1898) (1898–1983), Australian cricketer
William J. A. Bailey (1884–1949), Harvard University dropout who falsely claimed to be a doctor of medicine
William Bailey (actor) (1886–1962), American actor
William Bailey (cyclist) (1888–1971), British Olympic cyclist
William Bailey (politician) (1889–1975), member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, 1930–1935
William H. Bailey (born 1930), artist
William Bruce Bailey (born 1962), American rock singer-songwriter known as Axl Rose
William A. Bailey (dates unknown), author of Australian railway books

Willie Bailey (born 1946), American politician in Mississippi

text: Fictional Characters[edit]

text:
Beetle Bailey, eponymous cartoon character of Mort Walker
Beth Bailey, fictional character from Spooks

text: George Bailey from "It's a wonderful life"

text:
Harry Bailey (Coronation Street), fictional character from the British soap opera
Kelly Bailey (Misfits), fictional character from the British TV series Misfits
Miranda Bailey, fictional character from Grey's Anatomy
Paul Bailey (comics), fictional character from the Marvel Universe
Rachel Bailey, fictional character from English TV show Scott and Bailey

text: Sarah Bailey from the movie "The Craft"

text: Will Bailey, fictional character from The West Wing


document_title: Dynasty (2017 TV series)

question_text: when is episode 14 of dynasty coming out

root

text: Dynasty (2017 TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Dynasty begins with heiress Fallon Carrington unhappy to find her billionaire father Blake engaged to Cristal, a rival employee at the family company. When Fallon's machinations to separate the couple backfire and cost her a promotion, she allies with Blake's nemesis and former employee, Jeff Colby, and strikes out on her own. Meanwhile, the arrival of Cristal's opportunistic nephew Sam—who becomes romantically involved with Fallon's wayward brother Steven—threatens to expose her shady past.[1][2] The Carringtons form a united front in the wake of the suspicious death of Cristal's former lover, but things at the mansion do not remain harmonious for long.

tag: p

text: The reboot updates several elements from the 1980s original, including moving the setting from Denver, Colorado to Atlanta, Georgia; making Steven's homosexuality a nonissue to Blake; and changing gold digger Sammy Jo from a woman to a gay man.[1][3][4] Additionally, in the new series, both Blake's fiancée later wife and her nephew are Hispanic, and both chauffeur Michael Culhane and the Colby family are African-American.[1][4]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Elizabeth Gillies as Fallon Carrington, an energy executive and heiress to an Atlanta energy fortune
Nathalie Kelley as Cristal Flores Carrington, Fallon's new stepmother, a woman with a shady past
James Mackay as Steven Carrington, Fallon's gay environmentalist brother who is the older and more levelheaded of the two
Robert Christopher Riley as Michael Culhane, the Carrington chauffeur and Fallon's former lover
Sam Adegoke as Jeff Colby, a young business rival to Blake
Rafael de la Fuente as Samuel Josiah "Sammy Jo" Jones, Cristal's wayward nephew and Steven's fiancé
Alan Dale as Joseph Anders, the Carrington majordomo
Grant Show as Blake Carrington, billionaire CEO of Carrington Atlantic, married to Cristal, and the father of Steven and Fallon by his first wife
Nicollette Sheridan as Alexis Carrington, Blake's ex-wife, and the estranged mother of Steven and Fallon. (recurring, season 1; main, season 2)[5]

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Nick Wechsler as Matthew Blaisdel, Cristal's former lover, a field engineer who dies in a suspicious explosion
Brianna Brown as Claudia Blaisdel, Matthew's wife, a former engineer
Wakeema Hollis as Monica Colby, Jeff's sister
Dave Maldonado as Willy Santiago, Matthew's friend and coworker at Carrington Atlantic
Michael Beach as Police Chief Aaron Stansfield, a longtime friend of Blake's
Elena Tovar as Iris Machado, Cristal's sister and Sam's mother
KJ Smith as Kori Rucks, Michael's ex-girlfriend
Michael Patrick Lane as Ted Dinard, Steven's ex-boyfriend
Arnetia Walker as Louella Culhane, Michael's mother
Darryl Booker as James Culhane, Michael's father
Luis Fernández as Alejandro Silva, Sam's father who is operating under the alias of Diego Calastana
Bill Smitrovich as Thomas Carrington, Blake's father
Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Cesil Colby, Jeff and Monica's father
Kelly Rutherford as Melissa Daniels, wife of Senator Paul Daniels, and Steven's former lover
J. R. Cacia as Rick Morales, a journalist and old friend of Cristal's
Adam Huber as Jack Lowden, a writer who marries Fallon using the name Liam Ridley
Brent Antonello as Hank Sullivan, Alexis' lover who is posing as her and Blake's kidnapped firstborn Adam

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"I Hardly Recognized You"
Brad Silberling
Sallie Patrick, Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage
October 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)
1.26[6]

2
2
"Spit It Out"
Michael A. Allowitz
Sallie Patrick
October 18, 2017 (2017-10-18)
0.92[7]

3
3
"Guilt is for Insecure People"
Kellie Cyrus
Ali Adler
October 25, 2017 (2017-10-25)
0.72[8]

4
4
"Private as a Circus"
Kevin Sullivan
Jenna Richman
November 1, 2017 (2017-11-01)
0.74[9]

5
5
"Company Slut"
Cherie Nowlan
Christopher Fife
November 8, 2017 (2017-11-08)
0.72[10]

6
6
"I Exist Only for Me"
Lee Rose
Kevin Garnett
November 15, 2017 (2017-11-15)
0.64[11]

7
7
"A Taste of Your Own Medicine"
Matt Earl Beesley
Jay Gibson
November 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
0.64[12]

8
8
"The Best Things in Life"
Pascal Verschooris
Francisca X. Hu
December 6, 2017 (2017-12-06)
0.64[13]

9
9
"Rotten Things"
Brad Silberling
Paula Sabbaga
December 13, 2017 (2017-12-13)
0.69[14]

10
10
"A Well-Dressed Tarantula"
Kenny Leon
Adele Lim
January 17, 2018 (2018-01-17)
0.63[15]

11
11
"I Answer to No Man"
Steven A. Adelson
Gladys Rodriguez
January 24, 2018 (2018-01-24)
0.56[16]

12
12
"Promises You Can't Keep"
Matt Earl Beesley
Jenna Richman
January 31, 2018 (2018-01-31)
0.65[17]

13
13
"Nothing But Trouble"
Matt Earl Beesley
Jenna Richman
February 7, 2018 (2018-02-07)
0.65[18]

14
14
"The Gospel According to Blake Carrington"
Dawn Wilkinson
Francisca X. Hu & Paula Sabbaga
March 9, 2018 (2018-03-09)
0.64[19]

15
15
"Our Turn Now"
Matt Earl Beesley
Libby Wells
March 16, 2018 (2018-03-16)
0.60[20]

16
16
"Poor Little Rich Girl"
Kenny Leon
Jenna Richman & Ali Adler
March 23, 2018 (2018-03-23)
0.63[21]

17
17
"Enter Alexis"
Jeffrey W. Byrd
Sallie Patrick & Christopher Fife
March 30, 2018 (2018-03-30)
0.69[22]

18
18
"Don't Con a Con Artist"
Carl Seaton
Kevin A. Garnett & Paula Sabbaga
April 6, 2018 (2018-04-06)
0.71[23]

19
19
"Use or Be Used"
Viet Nguyen
Jake Coburn & Jay Gibson
April 20, 2018 (2018-04-20)
0.56[24]

20
20
"A Line from the Past"
Pascal Verschooris
Jenna Richman & Francisca X. Hu
April 27, 2018 (2018-04-27)
0.68[25]

21
21
"Trashy Little Tramp"
Brandi Bradburn
Christopher Fife & Kevin A. Garnett
May 4, 2018 (2018-05-04)
0.55[26]

22
22
"Dead Scratch"
Michael A. Allowitz
Sallie Patrick & Libby Wells
May 11, 2018 (2018-05-11)
0.56[27]

tag: table

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In September 2016, it was announced that a reboot of the 1980s prime time soap opera Dynasty was in development at The CW, co-written by Josh Schwartz, Stephanie Savage, and Sallie Patrick.[28][29] Savage said, "All of us have worked on shows that owe a huge debt to Dynasty, so it's kind of in our writing DNA to do this show."[3] The trio discussed what they found unique and attractive about the original series, and how best to preserve those elements in an update.[3] They also met with Richard and Esther Shapiro, the creators of Dynasty,[3] who were ultimately attached as producers.[28][29] Schwartz said, "We are definitely living in an age of dynasties. Whether it's the Trumps or the Clintons or the Kardashians or the Murdochs, our news is filled with the worlds of family dynasties and that was exciting for us."[30] Savage added, "When we first sat down with the Shapiros to talk about rebooting the show, they talked a lot about family. No matter the villainous things that they did, they never stopped loving each other. I think we took that core concept and then just talked about how to place the idea in the historical context of our day."[30] Patrick noted that the 1980s series was progressive for its time, dealing with issues like race, women in the workplace, and gay acceptance.[31] She said, "We're trying to figure out how do we respect what that show was doing then and pushing it even farther in our version."[31] De la Fuente said, "We're trying to make it stand on its own and be its own thing. But we have to pay homage to the original and the classic stuff that people remember from Dynasty, like the fashion, the catfights and the opulence of it all, is of course in our show. It wouldn't be Dynasty otherwise."[32]

text: The new series finds heiress Fallon Carrington facing off against her soon-to-be stepmother Cristal, a Hispanic woman.[28][29] Patrick said, "It was important to me as a working woman to have two women fighting over the future of the dynasty."[31] Schwartz said of the rival characters:

text: Even when you watch the original, Fallon is a character who feels as if she can exist in 2017. She just pops off the screen, and she can take on Krystle, who, in the original, was pure and the moral center of the show. With this new Cristal, we liked the idea of not letting her be quite as pure and raising some questions about her past and having her stir the pot—making her more formidable. That really let us lean into this rivalry between Fallon and Cristal.[3]

text: Patrick said, "We knew in our version—2017—we wanted Steven's conflict with Blake to be not about him being gay, but about him being liberal."[3] Savage noted, "With Steven Carrington out and proud, it makes sense for Sammy Jo to be a man."[4] Patrick said in August 2017 that Blake's first wife Alexis would be introduced during the first season, but that the role had yet to be cast.[30] She noted, "We knew Alexis was coming before we even started shooting the pilot, which allowed us to pave the way for her ... throughout the season, we hear Blake, Steven, and Fallon's memories about the woman who abandoned their family. So by the time she actually enters the series, we've established expectations about her character—which Alexis will happily break."[33] The role was cast with Nicollette Sheridan in November 2017,[34][35] and she first appeared in episode 16 in March 2018.[33][36]

text: The setting was also moved from Denver to Atlanta, in part because of Atlanta's diversity.[3] Schwartz called the city "a realistic location of this family to be based out of", noting that the Shapiros had arbitrarily picked Denver for the original series and were not creatively attached to it.[30] Patrick said that Atlanta is "a super diverse population and a great mixture—where there's conflict between old money and new money."[31] Kelley said, "This modern version represents a more current picture of what's happening in America. The diversity of the cast really represents that."[30] In the update, chauffeur Michael Culhane and the Colby family are African-American.[1][4] Also, Cristal's Venezuelan origins will allow the show to explore the current geopolitics of that country.[4][30]

text: Patrick said that episode seven, "A Taste of Your Own Medicine", "brings to a head so many of the stories that we've been slowly building. It hits the tone of the show perfectly."[37] She added:

text: We loved the original Dynasty—the camp and the big, surprising soapy twists. We also felt very strongly that we needed to earn those. It would have been hard to come out of the gate with an episode like this. You have to be with the characters long enough to start caring about them. We're cranking up the crazy moving forward.[37]

text: The episode titles are lines of dialogue from the original series.[38][39] In addition to reworked characters and plotlines, the reboot contains multiple visual homages to the 1980s series, including props and wardrobe.[38][40]

text: The pilot was filmed in Atlanta.[41] On May 10, 2017, the Dynasty reboot received a series order at The CW.[42][43][44] A preview trailer was released on May 18, 2017.[45][46] On November 8, 2017, The CW picked up the series for a full season of 22 episodes.[47] Sheridan's casting was a key factor in the decision to give Dynasty a back nine order of episodes after the initial 13.[36] On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a second season.[48]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Nathalie Kelley was cast as Cristal in January 2017,[49][50] followed by Elizabeth Gillies as Fallon,[51] Sam Adegoke as playboy Jeff Colby,[52] and Robert Christopher Riley as Blake's chauffeur Michael Culhane in February.[53] Next cast were Grant Show as Fallon's father Blake Carrington,[54] and Rafael de la Fuente as Sam Jones, a gay male version of the original series' Sammy Jo Carrington, in March.[55][56] The remaining main cast members are James Mackay as Fallon's gay brother Steven,[57] and Alan Dale as Carrington majordomo Anders,[58] Additional recurring performers include Nick Wechsler as Cristal's ex-lover Matthew Blaisdel,[1][59] Brianna Brown as Matthew's wife Claudia,[1][60] and Wakeema Hollis as Jeff's sister Monica Colby.[4] In November 2017, Nicollette Sheridan was cast in the role of Blake's ex-wife Alexis Carrington,[34][35] and was later promoted to series regular status for season two.[5] Other guest stars include Elena Tovar as Iris Machado, Cristal's sister and Sam's mother,[61][62] Bill Smitrovich as Thomas Carrington, Blake's estranged father,[63] and Hakeem Kae-Kazim as Cesil Colby, Jeff and Monica's father.[64]

text: Music[edit]

text: The pilot includes a flashback of a young Steven playing the original Dynasty theme by Bill Conti on piano.[1][38] An updated, 15-second version debuted as an opening credits sequence in the 1980s-themed third episode, "Guilt is for Insecure People",[39][65] but is only used in some episodes. Composer Paul Leonard-Morgan worked with Troy Nõka to get "an '80s-rock vibe" for the song, to match Leonard-Morgan's soundtrack for the series.[65] The new theme was recorded with an orchestra at Capitol Records in Hollywood, featuring Los Angeles Philharmonic lead trumpet player Tom Hooten.[65]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Dynasty premiered on The CW in the United States on Wednesday, October 11, 2017, with the season 2 premiere of Riverdale as its lead-in.[66] Netflix acquired the exclusive international broadcast rights to Dynasty, making it available as an original series on the platform less than a day after their original U.S. broadcast.[67] The series moved to Fridays starting with the fourteenth episode.[36][68]

text: Leslie Moonves, the head of CBS Corporation, said in 2017, "We own 100 percent of [Dynasty], and we've already licensed it to Netflix in 188 countries ... So this means Dynasty is profitable before it even hits the air."[69] The CW's president Mark Pedowitz said in January 2018, "I'm disappointed in the ratings, I wanted it to do more, but I'm happy with the production values that Josh, Steph and Sallie are doing. There are changes coming, I'm thrilled to have Nicollette [Sheridan] ... I'm looking forward to Nicollette and Liz [Gillies] really going at it as a mother-daughter situation, and I think that will add some juice to the show."[36]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Wednesday 9:00 pm (episodes 1-13)
Friday 8:00 pm (episodes 14-22)
22
October 11, 2017
1.26[6]
May 11, 2018
0.56[27]
2017–18
203
0.97
0.3[70]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 53% approval rating with an average rating of 6.59/10 based on 40 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "Dynasty's revival retains enough of its predecessor's over-the-top allure to offer a glamorous guilty pleasure in its first season, even if it never quite recaptures the magic of the original."[71] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 52 out of 100 based on 17 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[72]

text: Chris Harnick of E! Online called the pilot "soapy and fun", adding that the series is "a worthy heir to the original show and Josh Schwartz and Stephanie Savage's previous offering Gossip Girl and The O.C.".[73] Adweek called the pilot inferior to Gossip Girl and the original Dynasty, but suggested that its pairing with Riverdale "could provide audiences a guilty-pleasure double-feature".[74]

text: Tierney Bricker of E! Online dubbed Kelley "this season's breakout star", with Gillies "hot on her Louboutin heels".[73]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2018
Dorian Awards
Campy TV Show of the Year
Dynasty
Nominated
[75]


document_title: Hydropower

question_text: which term means the amount of energy in a body or stream of water

text: Hydropower

text: History[edit]

text: In India, water wheels and watermills were built, possibly as early as the 4th century BC, although records of that era are spotty at best.[6]

text: In the Roman Empire, water-powered mills produced flour from grain, and were also used for sawing timber and stone; in China, watermills were widely used since the Han dynasty. In China and the rest of the Far East, hydraulically operated "pot wheel" pumps raised water into crop or irrigation canals.[when?]

text: The power of a wave of water released from a tank was used for extraction of metal ores in a method known as hushing. The method was first used at the Dolaucothi Gold Mines in Wales from 75 AD onwards, but had been developed in Spain at such mines as Las Médulas. Hushing was also widely used in Britain in the Medieval and later periods to extract lead and tin ores.[7] It later evolved into hydraulic mining when used during the California Gold Rush.

text: In the Middle Ages, Islamic mechanical engineer Al-Jazari described designs for 50 devices, many of the water powered, in his book, The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices, including clocks, a device to serve wine, and five devices to lift water from rivers or pools, though three are animal-powered and one can be powered by animal or water. These include an endless belt with jugs attached, a cow-powered shadoof, and a reciprocating device with hinged valves.[8][better source needed]

text: In 1753, French engineer Bernard Forest de Bélidor published Architecture Hydraulique which described vertical- and horizontal-axis hydraulic machines. By the late nineteenth century, the electric generator was developed by a team led by project managers and prominent pioneers of renewable energy Jacob S. Gibbs and Brinsley Coleberd and could now be coupled with hydraulics.[9] The growing demand for the Industrial Revolution would drive development as well.[10]

text: At the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Britain, water was the main source of power for new inventions such as Richard Arkwright's water frame.[11] Although the use of water power gave way to steam power in many of the larger mills and factories, it was still used during the 18th and 19th centuries for many smaller operations, such as driving the bellows in small blast furnaces (e.g. the Dyfi Furnace)[12] and gristmills, such as those built at Saint Anthony Falls, which uses the 50-foot (15 m) drop in the Mississippi River.

text: In the 1830s, at the early peak in the US canal-building, hydropower provided the energy to transport barge traffic up and down steep hills using inclined plane railroads. As railroads overtook canals for transportation, canal systems were modified and developed into hydropower systems; the history of Lowell, Massachusetts is a classic example of commercial development and industrialization, built upon the availability of water power.[13]

text: Technological advances had moved the open water wheel into an enclosed turbine or water motor. In 1848 James B. Francis, while working as head engineer of Lowell's Locks and Canals company, improved on these designs to create a turbine with 90% efficiency.[citation needed] He applied scientific principles and testing methods to the problem of turbine design. His mathematical and graphical calculation methods allowed the confident design of high-efficiency turbines to exactly match a site's specific flow conditions. The Francis reaction turbine is still in wide use today. In the 1870s, deriving from uses in the California mining industry, Lester Allan Pelton developed the high efficiency Pelton wheel impulse turbine, which utilized hydropower from the high head streams characteristic of the mountainous California interior.

text: Hydraulic power-pipe networks[edit]

text: Hydraulic power networks used pipes to carry pressurized water and transmit mechanical power from the source to end users. The power source was normally a head of water, which could also be assisted by a pump. These were extensive in Victorian cities in the United Kingdom. A hydraulic power network was also developed in Geneva, Switzerland. The world-famous Jet d'Eau was originally designed as the over-pressure relief valve for the network.[14]

text: Compressed air hydro[edit]

text: Where there is a plentiful head of water it can be made to generate compressed air directly without moving parts. In these designs, a falling column of water is purposely mixed with air bubbles generated through turbulence or a venturi pressure reducer at the high-level intake. This is allowed to fall down a shaft into a subterranean, high-roofed chamber where the now-compressed air separates from the water and becomes trapped. The height of the falling water column maintains compression of the air in the top of the chamber, while an outlet, submerged below the water level in the chamber allows water to flow back to the surface at a lower level than the intake. A separate outlet in the roof of the chamber supplies the compressed air. A facility on this principle was built on the Montreal River at Ragged Shutes near Cobalt, Ontario in 1910 and supplied 5,000 horsepower to nearby mines.[15]

text: Hydropower types[edit]

text: Hydropower is used primarily to generate electricity. Broad categories include:

text:
Conventional hydroelectric, referring to hydroelectric dams.
Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity, which captures the kinetic energy in rivers or streams, without a large reservoir and sometimes without the use of dams.
Small hydro projects are 10 megawatts or less and often have no artificial reservoirs.
Micro hydro projects provide a few kilowatts to a few hundred kilowatts to isolated homes, villages, or small industries.
Conduit hydroelectricity projects utilize water which has already been diverted for use elsewhere; in a municipal water system, for example.
Pumped-storage hydroelectricity stores water pumped uphill into reservoirs during periods of low demand to be released for generation when demand is high or system generation is low.
Pressure buffering hydropower use natural sources (waves for example) for water pumping to turbines while exceeding water is pumped uphill into reservoirs and releases when incoming water flow isn't enough.

text:
A conventional dammed-hydro facility (hydroelectric dam) is the most common type of hydroelectric power generation.

Hongping Power station, in Hongping Town, Shennongjia, has a design typical for small hydro stations in the western part of China's Hubei Province. Water comes from the mountain behind the station, through the black pipe seen in the photo

Chief Joseph Dam near Bridgeport, Washington, U.S., is a major run-of-the-river station without a sizeable reservoir.

Micro hydro in Northwest Vietnam

Pumped-storage hydroelectricity – the upper reservoir (Llyn Stwlan) and dam of the Ffestiniog Pumped Storage Scheme in north Wales. The lower power station has four water turbines which generate 360 megawatts (480,000 hp) of electricity within 60 seconds of the need arising.

Pressure buffering hydropower is the compilation of run-of-river and pumped storage hydro power generation.

text: Calculating the amount of available power[edit]

text: A hydropower resource can be evaluated by its available power. Power is a function of the hydraulic head and rate of fluid flow. The head is the energy per unit weight (or unit mass) of water. The static head is proportional to the difference in height through which the water falls. Dynamic head is related to the velocity of moving water. Each unit of water can do an amount of work equal to its weight times the head.

text: The power available from falling water can be calculated from the flow rate and density of water, the height of fall, and the local acceleration due to gravity. In SI units, the power is:

text:
P
=
η
ρ

Q
g
h

{\displaystyle P=\eta \rho \,Qgh\!}

text: where

text:
P is power in watts
η is the dimensionless efficiency of the turbine
ρ is the density of water in kilograms per cubic metre
Q is the flow in cubic metres per second
g is the acceleration due to gravity
h is the height difference between inlet and outlet in metres

text: To illustrate, power is calculated for a turbine that is 85% efficient, with water at 1000 kg/cubic metre (62.5 pounds/cubic foot) and a flow rate of 80 cubic-meters/second (2800 cubic-feet/second), gravity of 9.81 metres per second squared and with a net head of 145 m (480 ft).

text: In SI units:

text: In English units, the density is given in pounds per cubic foot so acceleration due to gravity is inherent in the unit of weight. A conversion factor is required to change from foot lbs/second to kilowatts:

text: Operators of hydroelectric stations will compare the total electrical energy produced with the theoretical potential energy of the water passing through the turbine to calculate efficiency. Procedures and definitions for calculation of efficiency are given in test codes such as ASME PTC 18 and IEC 60041. Field testing of turbines is used to validate the manufacturer's guaranteed efficiency. Detailed calculation of the efficiency of a hydropower turbine will account for the head lost due to flow friction in the power canal or penstock, rise in tail water level due to flow, the location of the station and effect of varying gravity, the temperature and barometric pressure of the air, the density of the water at ambient temperature, and the altitudes above sea level of the forebay and tailbay. For precise calculations, errors due to rounding and the number of significant digits of constants must be considered.[citation needed]

text: Some hydropower systems such as water wheels can draw power from the flow of a body of water without necessarily changing its height. In this case, the available power is the kinetic energy of the flowing water. Over-shot water wheels can efficiently capture both types of energy.[16] The water flow in a stream can vary widely from season to season. Development of a hydropower site requires analysis of flow records, sometimes spanning decades, to assess the reliable annual energy supply. Dams and reservoirs provide a more dependable source of power by smoothing seasonal changes in water flow. However reservoirs have significant environmental impact, as does alteration of naturally occurring stream flow. The design of dams must also account for the worst-case, "probable maximum flood" that can be expected at the site; a spillway is often included to bypass flood flows around the dam. A computer model of the hydraulic basin and rainfall and snowfall records are used to predict the maximum flood.[citation needed]

text: Sustainability[edit]

text: As with other forms of economic activity, hydropower projects can have both a positive and a negative environmental and social impact, because the construction of a dam and power plant, along with the impounding of a reservoir, creates certain social and physical changes.[17] Hydropower projects can also have indirect consequences, contributing to global warming: reservoirs accumulate plant material, which then decomposes, emitting methane in uneven bursts.[18][19]

text: There are several tools to assess the impact of hydropower projects:

text: Most new hydropower project must undergo an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. This provides a base-line understanding of the pre-project conditions, estimates of potential impacts and puts in place management plans to avoid, mitigate, or compensate for impacts.

text: The Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol is another tool which can be used to promote and guide more sustainable hydropower projects. It is a methodology used to audit the performance of a hydropower project across more than twenty environmental, social, technical and economic topics. A Protocol assessment provides a rapid sustainability health check. It does not replace an environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA), which takes place over a much longer period of time, usually as a mandatory regulatory requirement.[20]

text: The World Commission on Dams final report describes a framework for planning water and energy projects that is intended to protect dam-affected people and the environment, and ensure that the benefits from dams are more equitably distributed.[21]

text: IFC's Environmental and Social Performance Standards define IFC clients' responsibilities for managing their environmental and social risks.[22]

text: The World Bank’s safeguard policies are used by the Bank to help identify, avoid, and minimize harms to people and the environment caused by investment projects.[23]

text: The Equator Principles is a risk management framework, adopted by financial institutions, for determining, assessing and managing environmental and social risk in projects.[24]


document_title: U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state

question_text: when did drinking age change from 18 to 21 in texas

text: The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time. The history is given in the table below. Unless otherwise noted, if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages, the age listed below is set at the lowest age given (e.g. if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits, as was the case in several states, the age in the table will read as "18", not "21"). In addition, the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages, although they have often been the same.

text: As one can see in the table below, there has been much volatility in the states' drinking ages since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December, most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the Voting age at the time. Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s. From 1969 to 1976, some 30 states lowered their purchase ages, generally to 18. This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment. A lot of states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response, most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973.[1][2][3] Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them.

text: From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities.[citation needed] In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age,[4] while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.[5]

text:
State
Pre-Prohibition
(prior to 1919)
Post-Prohibition
(after 1933)
1970s / 26th Amendment
(adopted in 1971)
1980s /
Drinking Age Act of 1984
21st century

Alabama
Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21 (none with consent of parent)[6]
21
1975:
Lowered to 19[7]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21 (no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28-1)

Alaska
?
21[7]
1970:
Lowered to 19[9]
1984:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause (if born before January 1, 1965)[10][11]
21

Arizona
?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 19[12][13]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Arkansas
Pre 1925:
None[7]
1925:
21[7]
21
21[14]
21[8]
21

California
Pre 1891:
Regulated by municipality/county (common age was 16)[15][16][17]
1891:
18 (statewide)[18]
1933:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21 (except small amounts for religious ceremonies)

Colorado
None[11]
1945:
18: for beer
21: for wine and liquor[7]
18[19]
Raised to 21 in 1987[8]
21

Connecticut
?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 18[20]
1982:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21[21]
21 (exemptions: (1) a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30-90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person’s employment or business, (2) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician, or (3) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse of the minor, who has attained the age of twenty-one. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person’s exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection (a) of section 52-571b.[22]

Delaware
?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 20[13]
1984:
Raised to 21[8]
21

District of Columbia
?
18: for beer and wine[11]
21: for liquor[23][24]
18: for beer and wine[13][24]
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause.[25][26]
21

Florida
?
18[7]
1980:
19[27]
1985:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause[27]
21[28]

Georgia
?
21[11]
1972:
Lowered to 18[12]
1984:
Raised to 19[14]
1985:
Raised to 20[14]
1986:
Raised to 21[14]
21

Hawaii
?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 18[13]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Idaho
?
20: for beer[29][30]
21: for wine and liquor[11][31]
1972:
Lowered to 19 (all)[13][32]
1987:
Raised to 21 in 1987 (Apr 11) with grandfather clause[8][33]
21

Illinois
1872:
Age of majority
(none with written consent of parent)[34]
pre 1961: Age of majority 1961: Raised to 21[35]
1973:
Lowered to 19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[36]
1980:
Raised to 21[37]
21

Indiana
?
Post-1934:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Iowa
?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 19 in 1972 (Jul 1)
1973:
Lowered to 18 in 1973 (Jul 1)
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Jul 1)[38]
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Jul 1) with grandfather clause.[14][38]
21

Kansas
?
1949:
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV
21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV[14]
21: for beer and wine with 4% ABV or more[14]
21: for liquor[14][19]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21 (However, anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property)

Kentucky
?
1938:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Louisiana
?
As of 1948:
18[13]
18[19]
1987:
Raised to 21 de jure in 1987,[8]
but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole.
1995:
De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed.[39]
1996:
In 1996, briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision, raising to 21 three months later.[40]
Other exceptions still remain.[41]
21 (Exceptions to state law include:[42]

For an established religious purpose;
When a person under twenty-one years of age is accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian twenty-one years of age or older;
For medical purposes when purchased as an over the counter medication, or when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician, pharmacist, dentist, nurse, hospital, or medical institution;
In a private residence, which shall include a residential dwelling and up to twenty contiguous acres, on which the dwelling is located, owned by the same person who owns the dwelling;
The sale, handling, transport, or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful ownership of an establishment or to lawful employment of a person under twenty-one years of age by a duly licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer of beverage alcohol.)

Maine
?
21[7]
1969:
Lowered to 20
1972:
Lowered to 18[12]
1977:
Raised to 20[8][43]
1985:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Maryland
?
21[7]
1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[44][45]
1982:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause[8][46]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)

Massachusetts
?
21[11]
1973:
Lowered to 18
1979:
Raised to 20 in 1979 (Apr 16)[47][48][49]
Raised to 21 in 1985[8]
21

Michigan
?
21[7]
1972:
Lowered to 18 in 1972 (Jan 1)[50]
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Dec 3)[51][52]
1978:
Raised to 21 in 1978 (Dec 21), 18 days later.[8]
First state to raise age to 21 since it was lowered
21

Minnesota
?
21[11]
1973:
Lowered to 18 (June 1)
1976:
Raised to 19 (Sept 1)[53]
First state to raise age after lowering.
1986:
Raised to 21[54]
21

Mississippi
?
1966:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7]
(alcohol not legalized until 1966)
18[19]
Raised to 21 in 1986[8]
21

Missouri
?
1945:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21

Montana
?
21[11]
1971:
Lowered to 19[55]
1973:
Lowered to 18[56][57]
1979:
Raised to 19
1987:
Raised to 21[8][58]
21

Nebraska
?
21[59]
1969:
Lowered to 20
1972:
Lowered to 19[59]
1980:
Raised to 20[14]
1985:
Raised to 21[14]
21

Nevada
?
1933:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21

New Hampshire
?
21[11]
1973:
Lowered to 18[60]
1979:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21[8][21]
21

New Jersey
Before 1880:
None
Post-1880:
18 (penalties only against businesses)[61][62][63]
21[citation needed]
1973:
Lowered to 18[12]
1980:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 21[8][64]
21

New Mexico
?
1934:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

New York
21
18[65]
18
1982:
Raised to 19 in 1982 (Dec)
1985:
Raised to 21 in 1985 (Dec)[21][66][67]
21

North Carolina
?
18[11]
18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor
1983:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26]
21

North Dakota
?
1936:
21[7]
21[14]
21[68]
21

Ohio
?
1935:
18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[69]
18: for 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor
1982 (Aug. 19 to Oct. 1):
19: for 3.2% ABW beer[14]
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[14]
1982 (From Oct. 1):
19: beer
21: wine and liquor[70]
1988:
21[14]
21 (However, anyone can drink with parents or legal-age spouse)

Oklahoma
?
Men:
21
Women:
18: 3.2% ABW beer
21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[71]
1976:
Lowered to 18 (for 3.2% ABW beer) for both sexes in 1976 (Dec)[72]
Last state to lower the drinking age.
1983:
Raised to 21[11][73]
21

Oregon
?
1933:
21[7]
21
21[8]
21

Pennsylvania
?
1935:
21[7]
21
21[8][52]
21

Rhode Island
?
21[11]
1970:
Lowered to 18[12][74]
1980:
Raised to 19
1981:
Raised to 20
1984:
Raised to 21[21]
21

South Carolina
21[75]
1935:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor
1984:
19: for beer and wine[7]
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

South Dakota
?
1934:
21 (all)
1939:
Lowered to 18: for 3.2% beer
Raised to 19: for 3.2% beer[76]
1972:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[13]
1984:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[8]
1988:
Raised to 21[58]
21

Tennessee
Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21[77]
21[7]
1964:
Lowered to 18[7]
1979:
Raised to 19
1984:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Texas
Pre 1909:
21
None (with written permission of parent or guardian)
Post 1909:
21[78][79]
21[7]
1973:
Lowered to 18[80]
1981:
Raised to 19[81]
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26]
21

Utah
?
1935:
21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Vermont
?
21[7]
1971:
Lowered to 18[82][83]
1986:
Raised to 21[21][83]
21

Virginia
?
21[84]
1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
(21: for liquor remained)[84]
1981:
Raised to 19 for off-premises consumption
1983:
Raised to 19 (all beer)
1985:
Raised to 21[84]
21

Washington
"Age of majority"
since 1877[85]
21[citation needed]
21
21[8]
21

West Virginia
?
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[11]
1972:
Lowered to 18 (all)[86]
1983:
Raised to 19
(& 21 for non-residents)[8][43]
1986:
Raised to 21[8]
21

Wisconsin
1839–1866:
18: for wine and liquor
None: for beer
Post-1866:
21 (all)[87]
18: for beer
21: for wine and spirits
1957:
21: for residents of bordering states with age limit 21.[88]
1963:
Raised to 21 (off-premises beer sales, remained 18 for on-premises).[88]
1972:
Lowered to 18 (all) in 1972 (Mar)[88]
1977:
Border state restriction lifted.[88]
1984:
Raised to 19
1986:
Raised to 21 (September 1, 1986)[88]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)[citation needed]

Wyoming
?
21[7]
1973:
Lowered to 19[13]
1988:
Raised to 21 in 1988 (Jul 1)[89][90]
Last state to raise de jure drinking age to 21
21

American Samoa
?
?
?
21?
21[91]

Northern Mariana Islands
–
–
?
21?
21[92]

Puerto Rico
?
18
18
Kept at 18
despite 10% highway funding
penalty under Drinking Age Act.
18[93]

Virgin Islands
?
?
?
18
18[94]

Guam
?
21?
18
18
Raised to 21 in 2010[5]

text: Additional notes[edit]

text:
Contrary to popular belief, since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, not all states specifically prohibit minors' and young adults' consumption of alcohol in private settings. That is because the federal law is concerned only with purchase and public possession, not private consumption, and contains several exceptions. As of January 1, 2007, 14 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 19 states do not specifically ban underage consumption outright, and 17 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws. Federal law explicitly provides for religious, medical, employment and private club possession exceptions; as of 2005, 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws.[41]
In the 1960s the age for buying or drinking beer and wine in the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) was 18; the age for hard liquor was 21.[23][24] Residents from Virginia and Maryland would often drive to D.C. to obtain alcohol. In Louisiana, the 1987 law raising the age from 18 to 21 was deliberately written solely to comply with the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 to avoid losing highway funding, while still allowing 18- to 20-year-olds to drink as before. Not only did it still allow 18- to 20-year-olds to consume in private, it contained a major loophole allowing bars and stores to sell alcohol to 18- to 20-year-olds without penalty (despite purchase being technically illegal) which meant that the de facto age was still 18.[39] In other words, the drinking age was 21 only on paper. This loophole was closed in 1995, but in 1996 the Louisiana Supreme Court declared a drinking age of 21 unconstitutional.[39] That briefly lowered the de jure purchase age to 18, causing an uproar which prompted the Louisiana Supreme Court to reverse its decision, raising the age to 21 three months later.[40] Other exceptions still remain to this day, including drinking in a private residence,[41] and Louisiana still has some of the most liberal general alcohol laws of any state.
Some states were "dry" well before national Prohibition was enacted in 1919, in some cases since achieving statehood. Also, some states did not become fully "wet" until several years after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 (e.g. Mississippi in 1966). Since 1966, all states and territories of the USA have been "wet", but dry counties and towns still exist in some states.


document_title: Mom (TV series)

question_text: where is the show mom supposed to take place

text: Mom (TV series)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Mom follows Christy Plunkett (Anna Faris), a single mother who, after dealing with her battle with alcoholism and drug abuse, decides to restart her life in Napa, California, working as a waitress and attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. Her mother Bonnie Plunkett (Allison Janney) is also a recovering drug and alcohol addict. Christy's daughter, Violet (Sadie Calvano), who was born when Christy was 16, has also become a teen mother by her boyfriend, Luke (Spencer Daniels). Christy also has a young son, Roscoe (Blake Garrett Rosenthal) by her ex-husband, Baxter (Matt L. Jones), a deadbeat but likable pothead. As the show progresses, it adds themes of real-life issues such as alcoholism, teen pregnancy, cancer, homelessness, gambling addiction, domestic violence, death, rape, stroke, drug addiction, relapse and overdose.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Anna Faris as Christy Jolene Plunkett: a single mother who has gone four years without drinking and is still struggling with addiction and gambling. Now sober, she strives to be a good example to her son Roscoe, and regain the trust of her daughter Violet, who is revealed to be pregnant herself in the first episode. In addition, she is trying to iron out the rough edges in her relationship with her mother Bonnie, who never learned to play her role well and who would rather go out and drink than baby-sit. Christy later finds out that her biological father ran out on Bonnie on Christmas Eve, the day before Christy was born, and locates the man as a now-married father of two sons who runs an auto repair shop.
Allison Janney as Bonnie Plunkett: Christy's mother, a joyful if cynical recovering addict who is now grateful with life. She tries desperately to regain the love and trust of her daughter, whom she was unable to properly nurture as a child. A single mother, she preferred to party and drink rather than stay home. With time and much therapy, Bonnie managed to find the balance and now wants to catch up, revealing to Christy her past, including who her real father is and how to find him, as well as her past side career as a drug dealer.
Sadie Calvano as Violet Plunkett (main cast seasons 1–4): Christy's daughter and older half-sister of Roscoe. A senior in high school at the beginning of the series, Violet is hardworking, smart and sure of herself, though upset with her mother, who never had time to take care of her children and failed to fulfill a true motherly role despite now being sober for some time. After having her boyfriend Luke's baby, Violet made the decision to place her baby for adoption because she felt that this was the best way to break her family's repeated cycle of poor life choices and give her child a better chance than she, her mother, or her grandmother ever had. During season 2, in a brief downward spiral of bad behavior, Violet cheats on Luke and he breaks up with her. She later gets engaged to Gregory Munchnik, a psychology professor at her university, but he breaks the engagement after she relapses - she has since been behaving in a gold digger-esque manner with other men. She got back together with Luke in Season 4.
Nate Corddry as Gabriel (main cast seasons 1–2): the manager of the restaurant where Christy works. Married to a domineering woman who scares him somewhat, Gabriel and Christy are carrying on an affair which Christy later ends but which Gabriel himself frequently and desperately tries to renew: they briefly resume their affair in season 2 when Christy is promoted as his replacement. He is a hardworking, competent manager, but often put in his place by his subordinates, particularly Chef Rudy.
Matt L. Jones as Baxter (main cast seasons 1–4): Christy's ex-husband and the father of Roscoe. Sweet and charming, but very unstable, he is unable to maintain a serious relationship or steady work for much longer than a month. Loves easy life and frequently gets into fraudulent deals to make money. Despite his flaws, he is a loving father who usually comes through for his son. During season 2, under the influence of his wealthy new girlfriend Candace, Baxter gives up his slacker ways and becomes a car salesman.
French Stewart as Chef Rudy (main cast seasons 1–3): the head chef for the restaurant where Christy works as a waitress. A dominant and difficult self-made man, Rudy acts superior in his relationships with others. He is boastful and arrogant, often yelling at his subordinates without mincing words and will not hesitate to humiliate anyone who opposes him. He is secretive about his past and distant from people, but briefly dates Bonnie at one point: during this time, he is revealed to be a (bi)sexual fetishist with expensive tastes and hobbies who enjoys stealing food from the restaurant.
Spencer Daniels as Luke (main cast seasons 1–2; guest season 4): a young student who loves to enjoy life and adventure. He had been dating Violet for a little over a year and got her pregnant. Luke is considerably airheaded, smoking marijuana often, but always tries to prove to Christy that he is not as crazy as he appears: he seems to genuinely love Violet, staying beside her and supporting her throughout her pregnancy, and he is often more sensitive towards Christy than her own children are, perhaps because his parents are religious fundamentalists with whom he does not connect. In season 2, Violet, during her downward spiral, cheated on Luke and he broke up with Violet. By season 4, Luke has apparently cleaned himself up and got a high-paying job with a video game company, driving Violet to get back together with him.
Blake Garrett Rosenthal as Roscoe Plunkett (main cast seasons 1–4): Christy's son by Baxter and half-brother of Violet. He eventually goes to live with his father and his father's fiancé. He experimented with marijuana at age twelve.
Mimi Kennedy as Marjorie Armstrong-Perugian (recurring season 1, main cast season 2–present):[7] Christy's and Bonnie's AA sponsor. She had problems with alcohol and drugs in the past and is a breast cancer survivor. Through Christy she meets Victor Perugian, Christy's former landlord, who she eventually weds.
Jaime Pressly as Jill Kendall (recurring season 2, main cast season 3–present):[8] An AA member who Christy sponsors, Jill is a wealthy divorced socialite who is prone to relapses.
Beth Hall as Wendy Harris (recurring season 2, main cast season 3–present):[9] A member of the AA group. She is a registered nurse and a member of Mensa.
William Fichtner as Adam Janikowski (recurring season 3, main cast season 4–present):[10] Bonnie's latest love interest and later fiancé, a wheelchair-bound former stuntman whom she met over the phone after he dialed the wrong number.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Octavia Spencer as Regina Tompkins (seasons 1–3): A fellow AA member and money manager who embezzled from her clients and is now facing a prison sentence. While a close if questionable friend to Christy, Regina and Bonnie typically hold each other in contempt, but beneath the surface they bear some affection for each other. In the middle of season 2, she is given early parole and becomes a born-again Christian, eventually moving in with Jill. Regina drifts apart from her friends after she decides she is no longer an alcoholic, essentially choosing wine over her friends, and struggles alone with the dissonance after moving into her own apartment and out of Jill's mansion.
Kevin Pollak as Alvin Lester Biletnikoff (seasons 1–2): Christy's father and Bonnie's ex-boyfriend who abandoned them when Christy was born. When Christy found Alvin he was married with two sons; despite that he loves Christy and does what he can to be in her life and help out, including fixing up a used car to give her and attempting to reach out to her children as a grandparent. He and Bonnie initially treated each other with contempt and hatred over the various mistakes each of them has made in their past, but they rekindled their relationship after his wife left him and he survived a heart attack. In season 2, Alvin suffers a fatal, second heart attack while in bed with Bonnie, and dies.
Courtney Henggeler as Claudia (seasons 1–3): Gabriel's wealthy and snobbish ex-wife, who has taken over the restaurant from him and briefly appointed Christy as manager.
Reggie de Leon as Paul (seasons 1–3): Chef Rudy's silent and often submissive sous-chef.
Mary Pat Gleason as Mary (season 1–present): A fellow AA member who is always interrupted by Bonnie when she shares her problems with the group.
Don McManus as Steve Casper (seasons 1–4): A fellow AA member, Steve is a competent but creepy lawyer and occasionally aids Christy, who becomes his intern and trainee in season 2. He has a casual sex relationship with Bonnie in season 3.
Sara Rue as Candace Hayes (seasons 2–4): Baxter's wealthy new wife, under whose influence he has reformed. She delivers many subtle jabs at Christy's poverty and seems to be trying to force Christy aside to replace her as Roscoe's mother. The hostility becomes much more obvious in season 3, when Candace's wealthy father Fred (Harry Hamlin), starts dating Christy and Candace accuses Christy of only being with him for his money.
Jonny Coyne as Victor Perugian (season 2–present): Christy's Armenian former landlord who becomes attracted to Marjorie, marrying her in season 3.
Amy Hill as Beverly Tarantino (season 2–present): A tenant in the apartment building where Christy and Bonnie live; she dislikes Bonnie and is always trying to get her fired from the manager position.
Charlie Robinson as Mr. Munson (season 2–present): A blind tenant in the apartment building where Christy and Bonnie live.
David Krumholtz as Gregory Munchnik (seasons 2–3): Violet's older ex-fiancé, a psychology professor at the college she attends.
Emily Osment as Jodi Hubbard (season 3): A young drug addict whom Christy and Bonnie try to help get sober. She later dies from a drug overdose.
Lauri Johnson as Beatrice (seasons 3–4): A waitress who works at the diner where the AA members usually go.
Julia Lester as Emily (seasons 4–5): Jill's teenage foster daughter.
Leonard Roberts as Ray Stabler (season 4–present): Bonnie's half-brother who is a successful lawyer.
Missi Pyle as Natasha (seasons 4–5): Emily's biological mother, an alcoholic whom Christy helps get sober and get custody of her daughter back.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Viewers
(in millions)

1
22
September 23, 2013 (2013-09-23)
April 14, 2014 (2014-04-14)
42
8.34[11]

2
22
October 30, 2014 (2014-10-30)
April 30, 2015 (2015-04-30)
26
11.79[12]

3
22
November 5, 2015 (2015-11-05)
May 19, 2016 (2016-05-19)
40
9.64[13]

4
22
October 27, 2016 (2016-10-27)
May 11, 2017 (2017-05-11)
29
9.43[14]

5
TBA
November 2, 2017 (2017-11-02)
TBA
TBA
TBA

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Mom was one of the many projects that became a priority for CBS and Warner Bros when it was pitched in December 2012, in part due to Lorre's new four-year deal with Warner the previous September.[15] It was green-lit by CBS for a series order pickup on May 9, 2013.[16] This pickup also gives Lorre the distinction of having four sitcoms airing on one network starting in the 2013–14 season. The following week, the network announced that it would place the sitcom in the Monday night 9:30 pm (ET/PT) time slot following 2 Broke Girls.[17] However, after the cancelation of We Are Men, 2 Broke Girls was moved into the show's 8:30 pm slot, with repeats of The Big Bang Theory occupying the 9 pm lead-in time slot to Mom until the season debut of Mike & Molly on November 4, 2013. The show received a full first season order for 22 episodes on October 18, 2013.[18]

text: On March 13, 2014, CBS announced the second season renewal of Mom.[19] The series moved from Mondays at 9:30 PM to Thursdays at 8:30 PM for the first fourteen episodes until the series moved to Thursdays at 9:30 PM following The Odd Couple series premiere and the series finale of Two and a Half Men.[20][21]

text: By season three, the focus became more about Christy and Bonnie and their group from AA, while the restaurant set, the kids and Baxter roles were reduced significantly.

text: Casting[edit]

text: The series gives Faris, who had guest-starred in various television programs between her film projects and been sought after for other television projects (including a failed pilot called Blue Skies that was being produced for NBC), her first full-time television role, as she landed the part of the lead character, Christy, in January 2013.[22] On January 28, 2013, Janney was next to come aboard the project, playing Christy's mother.[23] Matt Jones and Spencer Daniels were added to the cast in February 2013, with Jones playing Christy's ex-husband, Baxter, and Daniels taking the role of Luke, the boyfriend of Christy's daughter, Violet.[24]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Time slot (ET)
Episodes
Premiered
Ended
TV season
Rank
Viewers
(million)

Date
Viewers
(million)
Date
Viewers
(million)

1
Monday 9:30 pm
22
September 23, 2013
7.99[25]
April 14, 2014
6.86[26]
2013–14
42nd
8.34[27]

2
Thursday 8:30, 9:30, or 9:00 pm
22
October 30, 2014
11.13[28]
April 30, 2015
8.78[29]
2014–15
26th
11.79[12]

3
Thursday 9:00 pm
22
November 5, 2015
7.28[30]
May 19, 2016
8.14[31]
2015–16
40th
9.64[13]

4
22
October 27, 2016
7.02[32]
May 11, 2017
8.12[33]
2016–17
29th
9.43[14]

5

November 2, 2017
8.46[34]

2017–18

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Mom has been met with positive reviews, with much praise going to the cast, especially leads Allison Janney and Anna Faris. The show received a Metacritic score of 65 out of 100 in its first season, based on reviews by 25 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[35] On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season was given a 67% approval rating based on 36 reviews and an average rating of 5.7 out of 10. The site's critical consensus states: "Anna Faris and Allison Janney share an undeniable comedic chemistry, and if the jokes are sometimes too crass, Mom represents a sincere (and often witty) attempt to address addiction issues."[36] Boston Herald critic, Mark A. Perigard gave a positive review, writing "This is dark material, yet Faris balances it with a genuine winsomeness, able to wring laughs out of the most innocuous lines." New York Magazine critic Matt Zoller Seitz praised the cast, calling it "just about perfect".

text: The second season was met with even more positive reviews. The show received a Metacritic score of 81 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim".[37] On Rotten Tomatoes, it holds an approval rating of 100% based on 6 reviews and an average score of 8.5 out of 10.[38]

text: The third season was also met with positive reviews from critics, receiving a Metacritic score of 82 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim".[39]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards

Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result

2014
People's Choice Award
Favorite New TV Comedy
Nominated

Favorite Actress in a New TV Series
Anna Faris
Nominated

Favorite Actress in a New TV Series
Allison Janney
Nominated

Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Won

Best Guest Performer in a Comedy Series
Mimi Kennedy
Nominated

Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Allison Janney
Won

2015
People's Choice Award
Favorite Network TV Comedy
Nominated

72nd Golden Globe Awards[40]
Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Allison Janney
Nominated

Prism Awards
Performance in a Comedy Series
Anna Faris
Nominated

Allison Janney
Won

Comedy Series Episode or Multi-Episode Storyline
Nominated

Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Comedy Series
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Allison Janney
Won

Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Won

2016
People's Choice Award
Favorite Network TV Comedy
Nominated

Favorite Comedic TV Actress
Anna Faris
Nominated

Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Allison Janney
Nominated

Best Guest Performer in a Comedy Series
Ellen Burstyn
Nominated

Art Directors Guild Awards
Excellence in Production Design in a Multi-Camera Series
John Shaffner
Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Allison Janney
Nominated

Outstanding Cinematography for a Multi-Camera Series
Steven V. Silver
Nominated

Outstanding Multi-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series
Ben Bosse & Joseph Bella
Nominated

2017
People's Choice Award
Favorite Comedic TV Actress
Anna Faris
Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series
Allison Janney
Nominated

Outstanding Multi-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series
Joseph Bella
Nominated

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: In Australia, Mom debuted on Nine Network on April 9, 2014.[41] In Canada, City airs the series simultaneously.[42][43] In Greece, Star Channel debut the series on 25 of October 2014.[44] In the United Kingdom, ITV2 debuted the show on January 20, 2014,[45] with season two debuting on March 2, 2015.[46] In India, Comedy Central has been broadcasting the series through 2015. In 2017, TV Land, FXX, CMT, and local broadcasting stations began airing past episodes.