document_title: Foot-and-mouth disease

question_text: what are the symptoms of foot and mouth disease in cattle

text: Foot-and-mouth disease

text: History[edit]

text: The cause of FMD was first shown to be viral in 1897 by Friedrich Loeffler. He passed the blood of an infected animal through a Chamberland filter and found the collected fluid could still cause the disease in healthy animals.

text: FMD occurs throughout much of the world, and while some countries have been free of FMD for some time, its wide host range and rapid spread represent cause for international concern. After World War II, the disease was widely distributed throughout the world. In 1996, endemic areas included Asia, Africa, and parts of South America; as of August 2007, Chile is disease-free,[8] and Uruguay and Argentina have not had an outbreak since 2001. In May 2014, the FAO informed that Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru were "just one step away" from eradication;[9] North America and Australia have been free of FMD for many years. New Zealand has never had a case of foot-and-mouth disease.[10] Most European countries have been recognized as disease-free, and countries belonging to the European Union have stopped FMD vaccination.

text: However, in 2001, a serious outbreak of FMD in Britain resulted in the slaughter of many animals, the postponing of the general election for a month, and the cancellation of many sporting events and leisure activities, such as the Isle of Man TT. Due to strict government policies on sale of livestock, disinfection of all persons leaving and entering farms, and the cancellation of large events likely to be attended by farmers, a potentially economically disastrous epizootic was avoided in the Republic of Ireland,[citation needed] with just one case recorded in Proleek, Co. Louth. In August 2007, FMD was found at two farms in Surrey, England. All livestock were culled and a quarantine erected over the area. Two other suspected outbreaks have occurred since, although these seem now not to be related to FMD. The only reported case in 2010 was a false alarm from GIS Alex Baker, as proven false by the Florida Farm and Agricultural Department, and quarantine/slaughter of cattle and pigs was confirmed from Miyazaki Prefecture in Japan in June after three cows tested positive. Some 270,000 cattle have been ordered slaughtered following the disease's outbreak.

text: Clinical signs[edit]

text: The incubation period for foot-and-mouth disease virus has a range between one and 12 days.[11][12] The disease is characterized by high fever that declines rapidly after two or three days, blisters inside the mouth that lead to excessive secretion of stringy or foamy saliva and to drooling, and blisters on the feet that may rupture and cause lameness.[4][13] Adult animals may suffer weight loss from which they do not recover for several months, as well as swelling in the testicles of mature males, and in cows, milk production can decline significantly. Though most animals eventually recover from FMD, the disease can lead to myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle)[14] and death, especially in newborn animals. Some infected ruminants remain asymptomatic carriers, but they nonetheless carry FMDV and may be able to transmit it to others. Pigs cannot serve as asymptomatic carriers.[15]

text: Evolution[edit]

text: Of the seven serotypes[16] of this virus, A, C, O, Asia 1, and SAT3 appear to be distinct lineages; SAT 1 and SAT 2 are unresolved clades.[17] The mutation rate of the protein-encoding sequences of strains isolated between 1932 and 2007 has been estimated to be 1.46 × 10−3 substitutions/site/year, a rate similar to that of other RNA viruses. The most recent common ancestor appears to have evolved about 481 years ago (early 16th century). This ancestor then diverged into two clades which have given rise to the extant circulating Euro-Asiatic and South African. SAT 1 diverged first 397 years ago, followed by sequential divergence of serotype SAT 2 (396 years ago), A (147 years ago), O (121 years ago), Asia 1 (89 years ago), C (86 years ago), and SAT 3 (83 years ago). Bayesian skyline plot reveals a population expansion in the early 20th century that is followed by a rapid decline in population size from the late 20th century to the present day. Within each serotype, there was no apparent periodic, geographic, or host species influence on the evolution of global FMDVs. At least seven genotypes of serotype Asia 1 are known.[18]

text: Transmission[edit]

text: The FMD virus can be transmitted in a number of ways, including close-contact animal-to-animal spread, long-distance aerosol spread and fomites, or inanimate objects, typically fodder and motor vehicles. The clothes and skin of animal handlers such as farmers, standing water, and uncooked food scraps and feed supplements containing infected animal products can harbor the virus, as well. Cows can also catch FMD from the semen of infected bulls. Control measures include quarantine and destruction of infected livestock, and export bans for meat and other animal products to countries not infected with the disease.

text: Just as humans may spread the disease by carrying the virus on their clothes and bodies, animals that are not susceptible to the disease may still aid in spreading it. This was the case in Canada in 1952, when an outbreak flared up again after dogs had carried off bones from dead animals.[3] Wolves are thought to play a similar role in the former Soviet Union.[19]

text: Daniel Rossouw Kannemeyer (1843-1925) published a note in the 'Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society' volume 8 part 1 in which he links saliva-covered locusts with the spread of the disease. [20]

text: Infecting humans[edit]

text: Humans can be infected with foot-and-mouth disease through contact with infected animals, but this is extremely rare. Some cases were caused by laboratory accidents. Because the virus that causes FMD is sensitive to stomach acid, it cannot spread to humans via consumption of infected meat, except in the mouth before the meat is swallowed. In the UK, the last confirmed human case occurred in 1966,[21][22] and only a few other cases have been recorded in countries of continental Europe, Africa, and South America. Symptoms of FMD in humans include malaise, fever, vomiting, red ulcerative lesions (surface-eroding damaged spots) of the oral tissues, and sometimes vesicular lesions (small blisters) of the skin. According to a newspaper report, FMD killed two children in England in 1884, supposedly due to infected milk.[23]

text: Another viral disease with similar symptoms, hand, foot and mouth disease, occurs more frequently in humans, especially in young children; the cause, Coxsackie A virus, is different from FMDV. Coxsackie viruses belong to the Enteroviruses within the Picornaviridae.

text: Because FMD rarely infects humans, but spreads rapidly among animals, it is a much greater threat to the agriculture industry than to human health. Farmers around the world can lose enormous amounts of money during a foot-and-mouth epizootic, when large numbers of animals are destroyed, and revenues from milk and meat production go down.

text: Vaccination[edit]

text: Like other viruses, the FMD virus continually evolves and mutates, thus one of the difficulties in vaccinating against it is the huge variation between, and even within, serotypes. There is no cross-protection between serotypes (a vaccine for one serotype will not protect against any others) and in addition, two strains within a given serotype may have nucleotide sequences that differ by as much as 30% for a given gene. This means FMD vaccines must be highly specific to the strain involved. Vaccination only provides temporary immunity that lasts from months to years.

text: Currently, the World Organisation for Animal Health recognizes countries to be in one of three disease states with regard to FMD: FMD present with or without vaccination, FMD-free with vaccination, and FMD-free without vaccination.[24] Countries designated FMD-free without vaccination have the greatest access to export markets, so many developed nations, including Canada, the United States, and the UK, work hard to maintain their current status. Some countries such as Brazil and Argentina which have large beef exporting industries, practise vaccination in some areas but have other vaccination-free zones.

text: Reasons cited for restricting export from countries using FMD vaccines include, probably most importantly, routine blood tests relying on antibodies cannot distinguish between an infected and a vaccinated animal,[25] which severely hampers screening of animals used in export products, risking a spread of FMD to importing countries. A widespread preventive vaccination would also conceal the existence of the virus in a country. From there, it could potentially spread to countries without vaccine programs. Lastly, an animal infected shortly after being vaccinated can harbor and spread FMD without showing symptoms itself, hindering containment and culling of sick animals as a remedy.

text: Many early vaccines used dead samples of FMDV to inoculate animals, but those early vaccines sometimes caused real outbreaks. In the 1970s, scientists discovered that a vaccine could be made using only a single key protein from the virus. The task was to produce enough quantities of the protein to be used in the vaccination. On June 18, 1981, the US government announced the creation of a vaccine targeted against FMD, the world's first genetically engineered vaccine.

text: The North American FMD Vaccine Bank is housed at the United States Department of Agriculture's Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory at Plum Island Animal Disease Center. The Center, located 1.5 mi (2.4 km) off the coast of Long Island, NY, is the only place in the United States where scientists can conduct research and diagnostic work on highly contagious animal diseases such as FMD. Because of this limitation, US companies working on FMD usually use facilities in other countries where such diseases are endemic.

text: Outbreaks[edit]

text: United States 1870–1929[edit]

text: The US has had nine FMD outbreaks since it was first recognized on the northeastern coast in 1870;[26] the most devastating happened in 1914. It originated from Michigan, but its entry into the stockyards in Chicago turned it into an epizootic. About 3,500 livestock herds were infected across the US, totaling over 170,000 cattle, sheep, and swine. The eradication came at a cost of US$4.5 million, a huge sum of money in 1914.

text: A 1924 outbreak in California resulted not only in the slaughter of 109,000 farm animals, but also 22,000 deer.

text: The US had its latest FMD outbreak in Montebello, California, in 1929. This outbreak originated in hogs that had eaten infected meat scraps from a tourist steamship that had stocked meat in Argentina. Over 3,600 animals were slaughtered and the disease was contained in less than a month.[27][28]

text: Mexico-U.S. border 1947[edit]

text: An outbreak on the U.S.-Mexico border resulted in a bilateral effort to eradicate the disease. It was a sign that U.S.-Mexico relations were improving in the post-World War II era.[29][30]

text: United Kingdom 1967[edit]

text: In October 1967, a farmer in Shropshire reported a lame sow, which was later diagnosed with FMD. The source was believed to be remains of legally imported infected lamb from Argentina and Chile. The virus spread and, in total, 442,000 animals were slaughtered and the outbreak had an estimated cost of £370 million.[citation needed]

text: Taiwan 1997[edit]

text: Taiwan had previous epidemics of FMD in 1913–14 and 1924–29, but had since been spared,[31] and considered itself free of FMD as late as in the 1990s. On the 19th of March 1997, a sow at a farm in Hsinchu Prefecture, Taiwan, was diagnosed with a strain of FMD which only infects swine. Mortality was high, nearing 100% in the infected herd. The cause of the epidemic was not determined, but the farm was near a port city known for its pig-smuggling industry and illegal slaughterhouses. Smuggled swine or contaminated meat are thus likely sources of the disease.

text: The disease spread rapidly among swine herds in Taiwan, with 200–300 new farms being infected daily. Causes for this include the high swine density in the area, with up to 6,500 hogs per square mile, feeding of pigs with untreated garbage, and the farms' proximity to slaughterhouses. Other systemic issues, such as lack of laboratory facilities, slow response, and initial lack of a vaccination program, contributed. The farmers allegedly intentionally introduced FMD to their flocks, because the payment offered to farmers for culled swine was at the time higher than their market value.

text: A complicating factor is the endemic spread of swine vesicular disease (SVD) in Taiwan. The symptoms are indistinguishable from FMD, which may have led to previous misdiagnosing of FMD as SVD. Laboratory analysis was seldom used for diagnosis, and FMD may thus have gone unnoticed for some time.

text: The swine depopulation was a massive undertaking, with the military contributing substantial manpower. At peak capacity, 200,000 hogs per day were disposed of, mainly by electrocution. Carcasses were disposed of by burning and burial, but burning was avoided in water resource protection areas. In April, industrial incinerators were running around the clock to dispose of the carcasses.

text: Initially, 40,000 combined vaccine doses for the strains O-1, A-24, and Asia-1 were available and administered to zoo animals and valuable breeding hogs. At the end of March, half a million new doses for O-1 and Asia-1 were made available. On the May 3rd, 13 million doses of O-1 vaccine arrived, and both the March and May shipments were distributed free of charge. With a danger of vaccination crews spreading the disease, only trained farmers were allowed to administer the vaccine under veterinary supervision.

text: Taiwan had previously been the major exporter of pork to Japan, and among the top 15 pork producers in the world in 1996. During the outbreak, over 3.8 million swine were destroyed at a cost of US$6.9 billion. The Taiwanese pig industry was devastated as a result, and the export market was in ruins.[27][dead link][32] In 2007, Taiwan was considered free of FMD, but was still conducting a vaccination program, which restricts the export of meat from Taiwan.

text: United Kingdom 2001[edit]

text: The epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom in the spring and summer of 2001 was caused by the "Type O pan Asia" strain of the disease.[33] This episode resulted in more than 2,000 cases of the disease in farms throughout the British countryside. Around ten million sheep and cattle were killed in an eventually successful attempt to halt the disease.[34] The county of Cumbria was the most seriously affected area of the country, with 843 cases. By the time the disease was halted in October 2001, the crisis was estimated to have cost Britain £8 billion ($13 billion)[35] to the agricultural and support industries, and to the outdoor industry. What made this outbreak so serious was the amount of time between infection being present at the first outbreak locus, and the time when countermeasures were put into operation against the disease, such as transport bans and detergent washing of both vehicles and personnel entering livestock areas. The epidemic was probably caused by pigs which had been fed infected rubbish that had not been properly heat-sterilized. Further, the rubbish is believed to have contained remains of infected meat that had been illegally imported to Britain.[36]

text: China 2005[edit]

text: In April 2005, an Asia-1 strain of FMD appeared in the eastern provinces of Shandong and Jiangsu. During April and May, it spread to suburban Beijing, the northern province of Hebei, and the Xinjiang autonomous region in northwest China. On 13 May, China reported the FMD outbreak to the World Health Organization and the OIE. This was the first time China has publicly admitted to having FMD.[37][38] China is still reporting FMD outbreaks. In 2007, reports filed with the OIE documented new or ongoing outbreaks in the provinces of Gansu, Qinghai and Xinjiang. This included reports of domestic yak showing signs of infection.[39] FMD is endemic in pastoral regions of China from Heilongjiang Province in the northeast to Sichuan Province and the Tibetan Autonomous region in the southwest. Chinese domestic media reports often use a euphemism "Disease Number Five" (五号病 wǔhàobìng) rather than FMD in reports because of the sensitivity of the FMD issue. In March 2010, Southern Rural News (Nanfang Nongcunbao), in an article "Breaking the Hoof and Mouth Disease Taboo", noted that FMD has long been covered up in China by referring to it that way.[40] FMD is also called canker (口疮, literally "mouth ulcers" kǒuchuāng) or hoof jaundice (蹄癀 tíhuáng) in China, so information on FMD in China can be found online using those words as search terms.[41][42] One can find online many provincial orders and regulations on FMD control antedating China's acknowledgment that the disease existed in China, for example Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 1991 regulation on preventing the spread of Disease No.5.[43]

text: United Kingdom 2007[edit]

text: An infection of foot-and-mouth disease in the United Kingdom was confirmed by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, on 3 August 2007, on farmland located in Normandy, Surrey.[44][45] All livestock in the vicinity were culled on 4 August. A nationwide ban on the movement of cattle and pigs was imposed, with a 3-km (1.9-mi) protection zone placed around the outbreak sites and the nearby virus research and vaccine production establishments, together with a 10-km (6.2-mi) increased surveillance zone.[46]

text: On 4 August, the strain of the virus was identified as a "01 BFS67-like" virus, one linked to vaccines and not normally found in animals, and isolated in the 1967 outbreak.[47] The same strain was used at the nearby Institute for Animal Health and Merial Animal Health Ltd at Pirbright, 2.5 miles (4.0 km) away, which is an American/French-owned research facility, and was identified as a possible source of infection.[48]

text: On 12 September, a new outbreak of the disease was confirmed in Egham, Surrey, 19 km (12 mi) from the original outbreak,[49] with a second case being confirmed on a nearby farm on 14 September.[50]

text: These outbreaks caused a cull of all at-risk animals in the area surrounding Egham, including two farms near the famous four-star hotel Great Fosters. These outbreaks also caused the closure of Windsor Great Park due to the park containing deer; the park remained closed for three months. On 19 September 2007, a suspected case of FMD was found in Solihull, where a temporary control zone was set up by Defra.

text: Japan and Korea 2010–2011[edit]

text: In April 2010, a report of three incursions of FMD in Japan and South Korea led the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to issue a call for increased global surveillance. Japan veterinary authorities confirmed an outbreak of type O FMD virus, currently more common in Asian countries where FMD is endemic.

text: South Korea was hit by the rarer type A FMD in January, and then suffered type O infection in April.[51] The most serious case of foot-and-mouth outbreak in South Korea's history started in November 2010 in pig farms in Andong city of Gyeongsangbuk-do, and has since spread in the country rapidly.[52][53] More than 100 cases of the disease have been confirmed in the country so far,[52] and in January 2011, South Korean officials started a mass cull of approximately 12%, or around three million in total, of the entire domestic pig population, and 107,000 of three million cattle of the country to halt the outbreak.[52] According to the report based on complete 1D gene sequences, Korean serotype A virus was linked with those from Laos. Korean serotype O viruses were divided into three clades and were closely related to isolates from Japan, Thailand, the UK, France, Ireland, South Africa, and Singapore, as well as Laos.[54]

text: On 10 February 2011, North Korea reported an outbreak affecting pigs in the region around Pyongyang, by then ongoing since at least December 2010. Efforts to control the outbreak were hampered by illicit sales of infected meat.[55]

text: Economic and ethical issues[edit]

text: Epidemics of FMD have resulted in the slaughter of millions of animals, despite this being a frequently nonfatal disease for adult animals (2–5% mortality), though young animals can have a high mortality.[56] The Taiwan outbreak that only affected pigs also showed a high mortality for adults. The destruction of animals is primarily to halt further spread, as growth and milk production may be permanently affected, even in animals that have recovered. Due to international efforts to eradicate the disease, infection would also lead to trade bans being imposed on affected countries. Critics of current policies to cull infected herds argue that the financial imperative needs to be balanced against the killing of many animals,[57] especially when a significant proportion of infected animals, most notably those producing milk, would recover from infection and live normal lives, albeit with reduced milk production. On the ethical side, one must also consider FMD is a painful disease for the affected animals.[58] The vesicles/blisters are painful in themselves, and restrict both eating and movement. Through ruptured blisters, the animal is at risk from secondary bacterial infections[58] and, in some cases, permanent disability.


document_title: Independent living

question_text: who founded some of the first movements toward independent living and disability rights

root

text: Independent living

text: History[edit]

text: The Independent Living Movement grew out of the Disability Rights Movement, which began in the 1960s. The IL Movement works at replacing the special education and rehabilitation experts’ concepts of integration, normalization and rehabilitation with a new paradigm developed by people with disabilities themselves. The first Independent Living ideologists and organizers were people with extensive disabilities (e.g., Ed Roberts, Judith Heumann, Peg Nosek, Lex Frieden) and of course, early friends and collaborators in the 1970s (Julie Ann Racino) and university and government supporters throughout the 1980s and 1990s. Ed Roberts became a large part of the IL Movement after he contracted polio as a child and was left quadriplegic[1]. As a disabled man, he dealt with discrimination in many different aspects of his life after contracting the illness. In day to day life, people made comments that alluded to the fact that it may have been better if the polio had ended up killing him and he was told by others that they would rather be dead than be like him[2]. His fight for acceptance in schools, however, is what Roberts is most well-known for. In high school, Roberts was stopped from graduating because he could not complete his gym requirement, as he was paralyzed and spent most of his time in an iron lung[3]. His biggest issue when it came to the school systems occurred at UC Berkeley. After struggling to get accepted, the university refused to give Roberts financial aid. He then sued Berkeley for access and integration. Although he won the case, Roberts was housed in school’s infirmary instead of the dormitories. As others with disabilities started attending the school and living in the infirmary, an activist group called the Rolling Quads was formed. They ended up starting the Disabled Students’ Program, a resource for those with disabilities that was run by people with disabilities[4]. This program led to the first independent living center in America being made, the Berkeley Center for Independent Living[5]. These centers flourished across the United States and are a huge part of why Ed Roberts was so instrumental in the start of the Independent Living Movement. Still, the movement’s message seems most popular among people whose lives depend on assistance with the activities of daily living and who, in the view of the IL Movement, are most exposed to custodial care, paternalistic attitudes and control by professionals. In 2015, independent living centers are codified in law throughout the US, and offer a variety of "professional services" (i.e., independent living) under government payment structures in the US.

tag: p

text: Philosophy[edit]

text: The Independent Living philosophy postulates that people with disabilities are the best experts on their needs, and therefore they must take the initiative, individually and collectively, in designing and promoting better solutions and must organize themselves for political power. Besides de-professionalization and self-representation, the Independent Living ideology comprises de-medicalization of disability, de-institutionalization and cross-disability (i.e. inclusion in the IL Movement regardless of diagnoses).

text: In the Independent Living philosophy, people with disabilities are primarily seen as citizens and only secondarily as consumers of healthcare, rehabilitation or social services. As citizens in democratic societies, the IL Movement claims, persons with disabilities have the same right to participation, to the same range of options, degree of freedom, control and self-determination in everyday life and life projects that other citizens take for granted. Thus, IL activists demand the removal of infrastructural, institutional and attitudinal barriers and the adoption of the Universal Design principle. Depending on the individual’s disability, support services such as assistive technology, income supplements or personal assistance are seen as necessary to achieve equal opportunities. As emphasized by the IL Movement, needs assessment and service delivery must enable users to control their services, to freely choose among competing service providers and to live with dignity in the community. Cash benefits or Direct Payments are favored by IL activists over services in kind in terms of the outcomes for users’ quality of life and cost-efficiency.

text: Over the years, the IL Movement has spread from North America to all continents, adapting itself to and getting enriched by different cultures and economic conditions in the process. A considerable body of research, training materials and examples of good practice exists on such themes as transition from institutional to community living, transition from school to employment or self-employment, community organizing and advocacy, disability culture, girls and women with disabilities as well as disability and development. Supporting the movement and utilizing its work has become an important ingredient of many countries’ social policy.

text: "Independent Living does not mean that we want to do everything by ourselves, do not need anybody or like to live in isolation. Independent Living means that we demand the same choices and control in our every-day lives that our non-disabled brothers and sisters, neighbors and friends take for granted. We want to grow up in our families, go to the neighborhood school, use the same bus as our neighbors, work in jobs that are in line with our education and interests, and raise families of our own. We are profoundly ordinary people sharing the same need to feel included, recognized and loved." [6]

text: In Germany[edit]

text:
In the 1970s/1980s, in Germany, the autonomous disability rights movement, also called the cripples movement, claimed for themselves the word cripple in the sense of a reappropriation.
The cripple tribunal in Dortmund on 13 December 1981 was one of the main protest actions of the autonomous German disability movement (in confrontation with the established disability assistance) against human rights abuses in Nursing homes and Psychiatric hospitals, and as well against deficiencies of the local public-transport. Analogous to the Russell Tribunal by Amnesty International, the cripple tribunal has denounced human rights violations of disabled people.[7]

text: In Europe[edit]

text: In 1989 over 80 disabled persons and supporters coming from the Independent Living movement gathered in Strasbourg, France for a conference on personal assistance. The conference was funded by the German Green party and was an opportunity for members of the Independent Living movement to meet. This meeting resulted in the founding of ENIL - The European Network on Independent Living. This network includes members from the European Union and its neighbors. ENIL promotes Independent Living at the European level but also at national and regional levels.

text: Centers for Independent Living[edit]

text: In 1972, the first Center for Independent Living was founded by disability activists, led by Ed Roberts, in Berkeley, California. These Centers were created to offer peer support and role modeling, and are run and controlled by persons with disabilities. According to the IL approach, the example of a peer, somebody who has been in a similar situation, can be more powerful than a non-disabled professional's interventions in analyzing one’s situation, in assuming responsibility for one’s life and in developing coping strategies.

text: According to the IL Movement, with peer support, everyone - including persons with extensive developmental disabilities - can learn to take more initiative and control over their lives. For example, peer support is used in Independent Living Skills classes where people living with their families or in institutions learn how to run their everyday lives in preparation for living by themselves.

text: There is a fundamental set of services (Core Services) found in all of the Centers, but there is some variation in the programs that are offered, the funding sources, and the staffing, among other things. Depending on the public services in the community, Centers might assist with housing referral and adaptation, personal assistance referral, or legal aid. Typically, Centers work with local and regional governments to improve infrastructure, raise awareness about disability issues and lobby for legislation that promotes equal opportunities and prohibits discrimination. Effective centers have proven to be in states like California, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, and Illinois.[8]


document_title: David

question_text: where does it talk about king david in the bible

text: David

text: Biblical account[edit]

text: Family[edit]

text: The first book of Samuel portrays David as the youngest of the eight sons of Jesse of Bethlehem. His mother is not named in any book of the Bible, but the Talmud identifies her as Nitzevet daughter of Adael.[2] When the story was retold in 1 Chronicles (4th century BCE) he was made the youngest of seven sons and given two sisters, Zeruiah and Abigail. The Book of Ruth (possibly also 4th century BCE) traces his ancestry back to Ruth the Moabite.

text: David is described as cementing his relations with various political and national groups through marriage.[3]   King Saul initially offered David his oldest daughter Merab. David did not refuse the offer, but humbled himself in front of Saul to be considered among the King's family.[4] Saul reneged and instead gave Merab in marriage to Adriel the Meholathite.[5]  Having been told that his younger daughter Michal was in love with David, Saul gave her in marriage to David upon David's payment in Philistine foreskins.[6]  Saul became jealous of David and tried to have him killed. David escaped. Then Saul sent Michal to Galim to marry Palti, son of Laish.[7] David then took wives in Hebron, according to 2 Samuel 3; they were Ahinoam the Yizre'elite, Abigail - the wife of Nabal the Carmelite, Maacah - the daughter of Talmay, king of Geshur, Haggith, Abital, and Eglah.  Later, David wanted Michal back and Saul’s son Ish-boshet delivered her to David, causing her husband (Palti) great grief.[8]

text: The Book of Chronicles lists his sons with his various wives and concubines. In Hebron, David had six sons: Amnon, by Ahinoam; Daniel, by Abigail; Absalom, by Maachah; Adonijah, by Haggith; Shephatiah, by Abital; and Ithream, by Eglah.[9] By Bathsheba, his sons were Shammua, Shobab, Nathan and Solomon. David's sons born in Jerusalem of his other wives included Ibhar, Elishua, Eliphelet, Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, Elishama and Eliada.[10] Jerimoth, who is not mentioned in any of the genealogies, is mentioned as another of his sons in 2 Chronicles 11:18. His daughter Tamar, by Maachah, is a key character in the incident of her rape by one of her half-brothers.

text: Narrative[edit]

text: God is angered when Saul, Israel's king, unlawfully offers a sacrifice[11] and later disobeys a divine instruction to not only kill all of the Amalekites, but to destroy also their confiscated property.[12] Consequently, God sends the prophet Samuel to anoint a shepherd, David, the youngest son of Jesse of Bethlehem, to be king instead.[13]

text: God sends an evil spirit to torment Saul. Saul's courtiers recommend that he send for David, a man skillful on the lyre, wise in speech, and brave in battle. So David enters Saul's service as one of the royal armour-bearers, and plays the lyre to soothe the king.[14]

text: War comes between Israel and the Philistines, and the giant Goliath challenges the Israelites to send out a champion to face him in single combat.[15] David, sent by his father to bring provisions to his brothers serving in Saul's army, declares that he can defeat Goliath.[16] Refusing the king's offer of the royal armour,[17] he kills Goliath with his sling.[18] Saul inquires the name of the young hero's father.[19]

text: Saul sets David over his army. All Israel loves David, but his popularity causes Saul to fear him ("What else can he wish but the kingdom?").[20] Saul plots his death, but Saul's son Jonathan, one of those who loves David, warns him of his father's schemes and David flees. He goes first to Nob, where he is fed by the priest Ahimelech and given Goliath's sword, and then to Gath, the Philistine city of Goliath, intending to seek refuge with King Achish there. Achish's servants or officials question his loyalty, and David sees that he is in danger there.[21] He goes next to the cave of Adullam, where his family join him.[22] From there he goes to seek refuge with the king of Moab, but the prophet Gad advises him to leave and he goes to the Forest of Hereth,[23] and then to Keilah, where he is involved in a further battle with the Philistines. Saul plans to besiege Keilah so that he can capture David, so David leaves the city in order to protect its inhabitants.[24] From there he takes refuge in the mountainous Wilderness of Ziph.[25]

text: Jonathan meets with David again and confirms his loyalty to David as the future king. The people of Ziph notify Saul that David is taking refuge in their territory, Saul seeks confirmation and plans to capture David in the Wilderness of Maon, but his attention is diverted by a renewed Philistine invasion and David is able to secure some respite at Ein Gedi.[26] Returning from battle with the Philistines, Saul heads to Ein Gedi in pursuit of David and enters the cave where, as it happens, David and his supporters are hiding, "to attend to his needs". David realises he has an opportunity to kill Saul, but this is not his intention: he secretly cuts off a corner of Saul's robe and when Saul has left the cave he comes out to pay homage to Saul as the king and to demonstrate, using the piece of robe, that he holds no malice towards Saul. The two are thus reconciled and Saul recognises David as his successor.[27]

text: A similar passage occurs in 1 Samuel 26, when David is able to infiltrate Saul's camp on the hill of Hachilah and remove his spear and a jug of water from his side while he and his guards lay asleep. In this account, David is advised by Abishai that this is his opportunity to kill Saul, but David declines, saying he will not "stretch out [his] hand against the Lord’s anointed".[28] Saul confesses that he has been wrong to pursue David, blesses him.[29]

text: A different tradition is recalled in 1 Samuel 27:1–4, namely that Saul ceased to pursue David because David took refuge a second time with Achish, the Philistine king of Gath.[30] Robert Jamieson, in the Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary, suggests that Saul and David had "become irreconcilable" despite the reconciliations described in 1 Samuel 24 and 1 Samuel 26.[31] Achish permits David to reside in Ziklag, close to the border between Gath and Judea, from where he leads raids against the Geshurites, the Girzites and the Amalekites, but leads Achish to believe he is attacking the Israelites in Judah, the Jerahmeelites and the Kenites. Achish believes that David had become a loyal vassal, but he never wins the trust of the princes or lords of Gath and at their request Achish instructs David to remain behind to guard the camp when the Philistines march against Saul.[32] David returns to Ziklag.[33] Jonathan and Saul are killed in battle,[34] and David is anointed king over Judah.[35] In the north, Saul's son Ish-Bosheth is anointed king of Israel, and war ensues until Ish-Bosheth is murdered.[36]

text: With the death of Saul's son, the elders of Israel come to Hebron and David is anointed king over all of Israel.[37] He conquers Jerusalem, previously a Jebusite stronghold, and makes it his capital.[38] He brings the Ark of the Covenant to the city,[39] intending to build a temple for God, but the prophet Nathan forbids it, prophesying that the temple would be built by one of his sons.[40] Nathan also prophesies that God has made a covenant with the house of David stating, "your throne shall be established forever".[41] David wins additional victories over the Philistines, Moabites, Edomites, Amalekites, Ammonites and king Hadadezer of Aram-Zobah, after which they become tributaries.[42]

text:
During a siege against the Ammonite capital of Rabbah, David remains in Jerusalem. He spies a woman, Bathsheba, bathing on a nearby rooftop and summons her; she becomes pregnant.[43][44][45] The text in the Bible does not explicitly state whether Bathsheba consented to sex.[46][47][48]  David calls her husband, Uriah the Hittite, back from the battle to rest, hoping that he will go home to his wife and the child will be presumed to be his. Uriah does not visit his wife, however, so David conspires to have him killed in the heat of battle. David then marries the widowed Bathsheba.[49] In response, Nathan prophesies the punishment that will fall upon him, stating "the sword shall never depart from your house."[50] When David acknowledges that he has sinned,[51] Nathan advises him that his sin is forgiven and he will not die,[52] but the child will.[53]

In fulfillment of Nathan's words, David's son Absalom, fueled by vengeance and lust for power, rebels.[54] Absalom's forces are routed at the battle of the Wood of Ephraim, and he is caught by his long hair in the branches of a tree where, contrary to David's order, he is killed by Joab, the commander of David's army.[55] David laments the death of his favourite son: "O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! Would I had died instead of you, O Absalom, my son, my son!"[56] until Joab persuades him to recover from "the extravagance of his grief"[57] and to fulfil his duty to his people.[58] David returns to Gilgal and is escorted across the River Jordan and back to Jerusalem by the tribes of Judah and Benjamin.[59]

text: When David is old and bedridden, Adonijah, his eldest surviving son and natural heir, declares himself king.[60] Bathsheba and Nathan go to David and obtain his agreement to crown Bathsheba's son Solomon as king, according to David's earlier promise, and the revolt of Adonijah is put down.[61] David dies at the age of 70 after reigning for 40 years,[62] and on his deathbed counsels Solomon to walk in the ways of God and to take revenge on his enemies.[63]

text: Intertextuality in the Hebrew Bible[edit]

text: The Book of Samuel calls David a skillful harp (lyre) player[65] and "the sweet psalmist of Israel."[66] Yet, while almost half of the Psalms are headed "A Psalm of David" (also translated as "to David" or "for David") and tradition identifies several with specific events in David’s life (e.g., Psalms 3, 7, 18, 34, 51, 52, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 63 and 142),[67] the headings are late additions and no psalm can be attributed to David with certainty.[68]

text: Psalm 34 is attributed to David on the occasion of his escape from Abimelech (or King Achish) by pretending to be insane.[69] According to the parallel narrative in 1 Samuel 21, instead of killing the man who had exacted so many casualties from him, Abimelech allows David to depart, exclaiming, "Am I so short of madmen that you have to bring this fellow here to carry on like this in front of me? Must this man come into my house?"[70]

text: History and archeology[edit]

text: The Tel Dan Stele, an inscribed stone erected by a king of Damascus in the late 9th/early 8th centuries BCE to commemorate his victory over two enemy kings, contains the phrase ביתדוד, bytdwd, which most scholars translate as "House of David".[71] Other scholars, such as Anson Rainey have challenged this reading,[72] but it is likely that this is a reference to a dynasty of the Kingdom of Judah which traced its ancestry to a founder named David.[71] The Mesha Stele from Moab, dating from approximately the same period, may also contain the name David in two places, although this is less certain than the mention in the Tel Dan inscription.[73]

text: Besides the two steles, bible scholar and egyptologist Kenneth Kitchen suggests that David's name also appears in a relief of Pharaoh Shoshenq (usually identified with Shishak in the Bible, 1 Kings 14:25-27).[74] The relief claims that Shoshenq raided places in Palestine in 925 BCE, and Kitchen interprets one place as "Heights of David", which was in Southern Judah and the Negev  where the Bible says David took refuge from Saul. The relief is damaged and interpretation is uncertain.[74]

text: Apart from these, all that is known of David comes from the biblical literature. The Books of Samuel were substantially composed during the time of King Josiah at the end of the 7th century BCE, extended during the Babylonian exile (6th century BCE), and substantially complete by about 550 BCE, although further editing was done even after then—the silver quarter-shekel which Saul's servant offers to Samuel in 1 Samuel 9 "almost certainly fixes the date of the story in the Persian or Hellenistic period".[75] The authors and editors of Samuel drew on many earlier sources, including, for their history of David, the "history of David's rise" (1 Samuel 16:14–2 Samuel 5:10), and the "succession narrative" (2 Samuel 9–20 and 1 Kings 1–2).[76] The Book of Chronicles, which tells the story from a different point of view, was probably composed in the period 350–300 BCE, and uses Samuel as its source.[77]

text:
The authors and editors of Samuel and Chronicles did not aim to record history, but to promote David's reign as inevitable and desirable, and for this reason there is little about David that is concrete and undisputed.[78]
The archaeological evidence indicates that in the 10th century BCE, the time of David, Judah was sparsely inhabited and Jerusalem was no more than a small village; over the following century it slowly evolved from a highland chiefdom to a kingdom, but always overshadowed by the older and more powerful kingdom of Israel to the north.[79] The biblical evidence likewise indicates that David's Judah was something less than a full-fledged monarchy: it often calls him negid, for example, meaning "prince" or "chief", rather than melek, meaning "king"; the biblical David sets up none of the complex bureaucracy that a kingdom needs (even his army is made up of volunteers), and his followers are largely related to him and from his small home-area around Hebron.[80]

text: Beyond this, the full range of possible interpretations is available. The late John Bright, in his History of Israel (1981), takes Samuel at face value. Donald B. Redford, however, sees all reconstructions from biblical sources for the United Monarchy period as examples of "academic wishful thinking".[81] Thomas L. Thompson rejects the historicity of the biblical narrative: "The history of Palestine and of its peoples is very different from the Bible's narratives, whatever political claims to the contrary may be. An independent history of Judea during the Iron I and Iron II periods has little room for historicizing readings of the stories of I-II Samuel and I Kings."[82] Amihai Mazar however, concludes that based on recent archeological findings, like those in City of David, Khirbet Qeiyafa, Tel Dan, Tel Rehov, Khirbet en-Nahas and others "the deconstruction of United Monarchy and the devaluation of Judah as a state in 9th century is unacceptable interpretation of available historic data". According to Mazar, based on archeological evidences, the United Monarchy can be described as a "state in development".[83]

text: Some studies of David have been written: Baruch Halpern has pictured David as a lifelong vassal of Achish, the Philistine king of Gath;[84] Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman have identified as the oldest and most reliable section of Samuel those chapters which describe David as the charismatic leader of a band of outlaws who captures Jerusalem and makes it his capital.[85] Steven McKenzie, Associate Professor of the Hebrew Bible at Rhodes College and author of King David: A Biography, argues that David came from a wealthy family, was "ambitious and ruthless" and a tyrant who murdered his opponents, including his own sons.[68]

text: Critical Bible scholarship holds that the biblical account of David's rise to power is a political apology—an answer to contemporary charges against him, of his involvement in murders and regicide.[86]

text: Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman reject the idea that David ruled over a united monarchy, suggesting instead that he ruled only as a chieftain over the southern kingdom of Judah, much smaller than the northern kingdom of Israel at that time.[87] They posit that Israel and Judah were still polytheistic in the time of David and Solomon, and that much later seventh-century redactors sought to portray a past golden age of a united, monotheistic monarchy in order to serve contemporary needs.[88] They note a lack of archeological evidence for David's military campaigns and a relative underdevelopment of Jerusalem, the capital of Judah, compared to a more developed and urbanized Samaria, capital of Israel.[89][90][91]

text: Jacob L. Wright, Associate Professor of Hebrew Bible at Emory University, has written that the most popular legends about David, including his killing of Goliath, his affair with Bathsheba, and his ruling of a United Kingdom of Israel rather than just Judah, are the creation of those who lived generations after him, in particular those living in the late Persian or Hellenistic periods.[92]

text: History of interpretation in the Abrahamic religions[edit]

text: Rabbinic Judaism[edit]

text: David is an important figure in Rabbinic Judaism, with many legends around him. According to one  tradition, David was raised as the son of his father Jesse and spent his early years herding his father's sheep in the wilderness while his brothers were in school.

text: David's adultery with Bathsheba is interpreted as only an opportunity to demonstrate the power of repentance, and the Talmud states that it was not adultery at all, quoting a Jewish practice of divorce on the eve of battle. Furthermore, according to Talmudic sources, the death of Uriah was not to be considered murder, on the basis that Uriah had committed a capital offense by refusing to obey a direct command from the King.[93] However, in tractate Sanhedrin, David expressed remorse over his transgressions and sought forgiveness.  God ultimately forgave David and Bathsheba but would not remove their sins from Scripture.[94]

text: According to midrashim, Adam gave up 70 years of his life for the life of David.[95] Also, according to the Talmud Yerushalmi, David was born and died on the Jewish holiday of Shavuot (Feast of Weeks). His piety was said to be so great that his prayers could bring down things from Heaven.

text: Christianity[edit]

text:
King David the Prophet
King David in Prayer, by Pieter de Grebber (c. 1640)Holy Monarch, Prophet, Reformer, Spiritual Poet and Musician, Vicegerent of God, Psalm-ReceiverBorn
BethlehemDied
JerusalemVenerated in
JudaismChristianityIslamFeast
December 29 – Roman CatholicismAttributes
Psalms, Harp, Head of Goliath

tag: table

text: The concept of the Messiah is important in Christianity. Originally an earthly king ruling by divine appointment ("the anointed one", as the title Messiah had it), the "son of David" became in the last two pre-Christian centuries the apocalyptic and heavenly one who would deliver Israel and usher in a new kingdom. This was the background to the concept of Messiahship in early Christianity, which interpreted the career of Jesus "by means of the titles and functions assigned to David in the mysticism of the Zion cult, in which he served as priest-king and in which he was the mediator between God and man".[96] The early Church believed that "the life of David [foreshadowed] the life of Christ; Bethlehem is the birthplace of both; the shepherd life of David points out Christ, the Good Shepherd; the five stones chosen to slay Goliath are typical of the five wounds; the betrayal by his trusted counsellor, Achitophel, and the passage over the Cedron remind us of Christ's Sacred Passion. Many of the Davidic Psalms, as we learn from the New Testament, are clearly typical of the future Messiah."[97] In the Middle Ages, "Charlemagne thought of himself, and was viewed by his court scholars, as a 'new David'. [This was] not in itself a new idea, but [one whose] content and significance were greatly enlarged by him".[98] The linking of David to earthly kingship was reflected in later Medieval cathedral windows all over Europe through the device of the Tree of Jesse, its branches demonstrating how divine kingship descended from Jesse, through his son David, to Jesus.

text: Western Rite churches (Lutheran, Roman Catholic) celebrate his feast day on 29 December, Eastern-rite on 19 December.[99] The Eastern Orthodox Church and Eastern Catholic Churches celebrate the feast day of the "Holy Righteous Prophet and King David" on the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers (two Sundays before the Great Feast of the Nativity of the Lord), when he is commemorated together with other ancestors of Jesus. He is also commemorated on the Sunday after the Nativity, together with Joseph and James, the Brother of the Lord.

text: Middle Ages[edit]

text: In European Christian culture of the Middle Ages, David was made a member of the Nine Worthies, a group of heroes encapsulating all the ideal qualities of chivalry. His life was thus proposed as a valuable subject for study by those aspiring to chivalric status. This aspect of David in the Nine Worthies was popularised firstly through literature, and was thereafter adopted as a frequent subject for painters and sculptors.

text: David was considered as a model ruler and a symbol of divinely-ordained monarchy throughout medieval Western Europe and Eastern Christendom. David was perceived as the biblical predecessor to Christian Roman and Byzantine emperors and the name "New David" was used as an honorific reference to these rulers.[101] The Georgian Bagratids and the Solomonic dynasty of Ethiopia claimed a direct biological descent from him.[102] Likewise, kings of the Frankish Carolingian dynasty frequently connected themselves to David; Charlemagne himself occasionally used the name of David as his pseudonym.[101]

text: Islam[edit]

text: David (Arabic داود, Dāwūd) is an important figure in Islam as one of the major prophets sent by God to guide the Israelites. David is mentioned several times in the Quran, often with his son Solomon. The actual Arabic equivalent to the Hebrew Davīd is Dawūd. In the Qur'an: David killed Goliath (2:251), a giant soldier in the Philistine army. When David killed Goliath, God granted him kingship and wisdom and enforced it (38:20). David was made God's "vicegerent on earth" (38:26) and God further gave David sound judgment (21:78; 37:21–24, 26) as well as the Psalms, regarded as books of divine wisdom (4:163; 17:55). The birds and mountains united with David in uttering praise to God (21:79; 34:10; 38:18), while God made iron soft for David (34:10), God also instructed David in the art of fashioning chain-mail out of iron (21:80); an indication of the first use of wrought iron, this knowledge gave David a major advantage over his bronze and cast iron-armed opponents, not to mention the cultural and economic impact. Together with Solomon, David gave judgment in a case of damage to the fields (21:78) and David judged the matter between two disputants in his prayer chamber (38:21–23). Since there is no mention in the Qur'an of the wrong David did to Uriah nor any reference to Bathsheba, Muslims reject this narrative.[103]

text: Muslim tradition and the hadith stress David's zeal in daily prayer as well as in fasting.[104] Qur'an commentators, historians and compilers of the numerous Stories of the Prophets elaborate upon David's concise Qur'anic narratives and specifically mention David's gift in singing his Psalms as well as his musical and vocal talents. His voice is described as having had a captivating power, weaving its influence not only over man but over all beasts and nature, who would unite with him to praise God.[105]

text: Art and literature[edit]

text: Literature[edit]

text: Literary works about David include:

text:
1681–82 Dryden's long poem Absalom and Achitophel is an allegory that uses the story of the rebellion of Absalom against King David as the basis for his satire of the contemporary political situation, including events such as the Monmouth Rebellion (1685), the Popish Plot (1678) and the Exclusion Crisis.
1893 Sir Arthur Conan Doyle may have used the story of David and Bathsheba as a foundation for the Sherlock Holmes story The Adventure of the Crooked Man. Holmes mentions "the small affair of Uriah and Bathsheba" at the end of the story.[106]
1928 Elmer Davis's novel Giant Killer retells and embellishes the biblical story of David, casting David as primarily a poet who managed always to find others to do the "dirty work" of heroism and kingship. In the novel, Elhanan in fact killed Goliath but David claimed the credit; and Joab, David's cousin and general, took it upon himself to make many of the difficult decisions of war and statecraft when David vacillated or wrote poetry instead.
1936 William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! refers to the story of Absalom, David's son; his rebellion against his father and his death at the hands of David's general, Joab. In addition it parallels Absalom's vengeance for the rape of his sister Tamar by his half-brother, Amnon.
1946 Gladys Schmitt's novel David the King was a richly embellished biography of David's entire life. The book took a risk, especially for its time, in portraying David's relationship with Jonathan as overtly homoerotic, but was ultimately panned by critics as a bland rendition of the title character.
1966 Juan Bosch, a Dominican political leader and writer, wrote David: Biography of a King, as a realistic portrayal of David's life and political career.
1970 Dan Jacobson's The Rape of Tamar is an imagined account, by one of David's courtiers Yonadab, of the rape of Tamar by Amnon.
1972 Stefan Heym wrote The King David Report in which the historian Ethan compiles upon King Solomon's orders "a true and authoritative report on the life of David, Son of Jesse"—the East German writer's wry depiction of a court historian writing an "authorized" history, many incidents clearly intended as satirical references to the writer's own time.
1974 In Thomas Burnett Swann's biblical fantasy novel How are the Mighty Fallen, David and Jonathan are explicitly stated to be lovers. Moreover, Jonathan is a member of a winged semi-human race (possibly nephilim), one of several such races coexisting with humanity but often persecuted by it.
1980 Malachi Martin's factional novel King of Kings: A Novel of the Life of David relates the life of David, Adonai's champion in his battle with the Philistine deity Dagon.
1984 Joseph Heller wrote a novel based on David called God Knows, published by Simon & Schuster. Told from the perspective of an aging David, the humanity—rather than the heroism—of various biblical characters is emphasized. The portrayal of David as a man of flaws such as greed, lust, selfishness, and his alienation from God, the falling apart of his family is a distinctly 20th-century interpretation of the events told in the Bible.
1993 Madeleine L'Engle's novel Certain Women explores family, the Christian faith, and the nature of God through the story of King David's family and an analogous modern family's saga.
1995 Allan Massie wrote King David, a novel about David's career that portrays the king's relationship to Jonathan as sexual.[107]
2015 Geraldine Brooks wrote a novel about King David, The Secret Chord, told from the point of view of the prophet Nathan.[108][109]

tag: ul

text: Paintings[edit]

text:
1599 Caravaggio David and Goliath
1616 Peter Paul Rubens David Slaying Goliath
c. 1619 Caravaggio, David and Goliath

text: Sculptures[edit]

text:
1440? Donatello David
1501–04 Michelangelo, David
1623-24 Gian Lorenzo Bernini, David

text: Film[edit]

text: David has been depicted several times in films; these are some of the best-known:

text:
1951 In David and Bathsheba, directed by Henry King, Gregory Peck played David.
1959 In Solomon and Sheba, directed by King Vidor, Finlay Currie played an aged King David.
1961 In A Story of David, directed by Bob McNaught, Jeff Chandler played David.
1985 In King David, directed by Bruce Beresford, Richard Gere played King David.
1996 In Dave and the Giant Pickle
2016 In Of Kings and Prophets

text: Television[edit]

text:
1976 The Story of David, a made-for-TV film with Timothy Bottoms and Keith Michell as King David at different ages.[110]
1997 David, a TV-film with Nathaniel Parker as King David and Leonard Nimoy as the Prophet Samuel.[111]
1997 Max von Sydow portrayed an older King David in the TV-film Solomon, a sequel to David.[112]
2009 Christopher Egan played David on Kings, a re-imagining loosely based on the biblical story.[113]
King David is the focus of the second episode of History Channel's Battles BC  documentary, which detailed all of his military exploits in the bible.[114]
2013 Langley Kirkwood portrayed King David in the miniseries The Bible.

text: Music[edit]

text:
The traditional birthday song Las Mañanitas mentions King David as the original singer in its lyrics.
1738 George Frideric Handel's oratorio Saul features David as one of its main characters.[115]
1921 Arthur Honegger's oratorio Le Roi David with a libretto by René Morax, instantly became a staple of the choral repertoire.
1983 Bob Dylan refers to David in his song "Jokerman" ("Michelangelo indeed could've carved out your features").[116]
1984 Leonard Cohen's song "Hallelujah" has references to David ("there was a secret chord that David played and it pleased the Lord", "The baffled king composing Hallelujah") and Bathsheba ("you saw her bathing on the roof") in its opening verses.
1990 The song "One of the Broken" by Paddy McAloon, performed by Prefab Sprout on the album Jordan: The Comeback, has a reference to David ("I remember King David, with his harp and his beautiful, beautiful songs, I answered his prayers, and showed him a place where his music belongs").
1991 "Mad About You", a song on Sting's the album The Soul Cages, explores David's obsession with Bathsheba from David's perspective.[117]
2000 The song "Gimme a Stone" appears on the Little Feat album Chinese Work Songs chronicles the duel with Goliath and contains a lament to Absalom as a bridge.[118]

text: Musical theater[edit]

text: 1997 King David, sometimes described as a modern oratorio, with a book and lyrics by Tim Rice and music by Alan Menken.

text: Playing cards[edit]

text: For a considerable period, starting in the 15th century and continuing until the 19th, French playing card manufacturers assigned to each of the court cards names taken from history or mythology.  In this context, the King of Spades was often known as "David".[119][120]

text: Image gallery[edit]

text:
Study of King David, by Julia Margaret Cameron. Depicts Sir Henry Taylor, 1866.

Miniature from the Paris Psalter: David in the robes of a Byzantine emperor.

Matteo Rosselli The triumphant David.

Rembrandt, c. 1650: Saul and David.

Arnold Zadikow, 1930: The Young David displayed in the entrance of Berlin's Jewish Museum from 1933 until its loss during the Second World War.

King David, stained glass windows from the Romanesque Augsburg Cathedral, late 11th century.

The Ark is brought to Jerusalem (1896 Bible card illustration by the Providence Lithograph Company)


document_title: List of The Doctor Blake Mysteries episodes

question_text: how many seasons are there of doctor blake mysteries

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired
Network

1
10
1 February 2013 (2013-02-01)
5 April 2013 (2013-04-05)
ABC

2
10
7 February 2014 (2014-02-07)
11 April 2014 (2014-04-11)

3
8
13 February 2015 (2015-02-13)
3 April 2015 (2015-04-03)

4
8
5 February 2016 (2016-02-05)
25 March 2016 (2016-03-25)

5
8
17 September 2017 (2017-09-17)
5 November 2017 (2017-11-05)

Telemovie
12 November 2017 (2017-11-12)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title[2]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
AUS viewers
(million)

1
1
"Still Waters"
Andrew Prowse
Stuart Page
1 February 2013 (2013-02-01)
1.176 (Overnight)[3]

It's 1959 and Doctor Lucien Blake has returned to rural Ballarat to take over his deceased father's medical practice. He has also taken on the role of police surgeon. A woman is found floating dead in Lake Wendouree, and it's discovered that things may not be exactly as they seem when the good Doctor Lucien Blake decides to dig a little deeper. (See Note below)

Guest cast: John Wood, Penne Hackforth-Jones and Ryan O'Kane

2
2
"The Greater Good"
Declan Eames
Stuart Page
8 February 2013 (2013-02-08)
0.935 (Overnight)[4]

The day before ANZAC day Doctor Lucien Blake runs into a number of old army colleagues who are in town to find two army deserters, but there is no time to catch up and share old memories as Doctor Blake is called away to investigate the horrific death of a morgue attendant.

Guest cast: Neil Pigot, Ben Anderson and Chloé Boreham

3
3
"Death of a Travelling Salesman"
Ian Barry
Stuart Page & Chelsea Cassio
15 February 2013 (2013-02-15)
1.131[5]

When a travelling salesman dies in a car accident, police blame alcohol. Dr Blake concludes that the victim was not drunk and died before the crash of very unusual causes.

4
4
"Brotherly Love"
Andrew Prowse
Stuart Page
22 February 2013 (2013-02-22)
1.095[6]

A delirious prisoner on death row tells Dr Lucien Blake that he is innocent of the police shooting for which he is soon to hang. Dr Blake pulls out all stops to uncover the truth.

Guest cast: Daniel Daperis and Sara Gleeson
First appearance of Joy McDonald Dedication: This episode was dedicated in memory of special effects artist, Aaron Beaucaire.

5
5
"Hearts and Flowers"
Ian Barry
Stuart Page
1 March 2013 (2013-03-01)
1.088[7]

When the Begonia Festival's head judge is found burnt to death in his own glasshouse, all eyes turn to two feuding contestants.

Guest cast: John Wood, David Whiteley, Tony Nikolakopoulos, Alinta Chidzey, and Michael Bishop

6
6
"If the Shoe Fits"
Andrew Prowse
Stuart Page
8 March 2013 (2013-03-08)
1.021[8]

The death of a migrant factory foreman looks like an industrial accident. Dr Blake digs deeper revealing a string of crimes and the ugly side of post war Australia. Meanwhile Jean receives a proposal.

Guest cast: John Wood, Sara Gleeson and Jacek Koman

7
7
"Bedlam"
Declan Eames
Chris Corbett
15 March 2013 (2013-03-15)
0.836 (Overnight)[9]

A psychiatric inmate is found, murder weapon in hand, at the scene of a brutal murder. The inmate also confesses but is this case as neat as it appears?

Guest cast: John Stanton, Matthew Dyktynski and Lara Jean Marshall
First appearance of Chief Supt. Douglas Ashby

8
8
"Game of Champions"
Ian Barry
Stuart Page
22 March 2013 (2013-03-22)
0.948[10]

Doctor Lucien Blake is drawn into the new world of television when contestants of a successful TV quiz show start dying.

Guest cast: John Wood and Nicholas Bell

9
9
"All That Glitters"
Andrew Prowse
Tim Pye
29 March 2013 (2013-03-29)
0.969[11]

A prospector announces to a crowded pub that he has struck gold and is later found dead at the bottom of his mine shaft. The location of the murder triggers distressing war memories for Dr Blake.

10
10
"Someone's Son, Someone's Daughter"
Ian Barry
Jane Allen
5 April 2013 (2013-04-05)
1.045[12]

The suicide of Ballarat Hospital's first female doctor shocks the community. Dr Lucien Blake suspects foul play and sets out to find the murderer among the staff and board of the hospital.

Guest cast: John Wood and Sara Gleeson
Last regular appearance of Constable Daniel Parks

text: Series 2 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title[13]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
AUS viewers
(million)

11
1
"The Heart of the Matter"
Declan Eames
Stuart Page
7 February 2014 (2014-02-07)
1.117[14]

Blake returns from Shanghai just as the mayor of Ballarat is murdered. Blake and Superintendent Lawson have to tread carefully among the mayor's many enemies. When Blake's friend, Joy, is also found dead in the same place it becomes personal. A new senior constable, Charlie Davis, believed by Lawson to report back on his and Blake's activities, is sent by Melbourne.

Guest cast: John Wood and Sara Gleeson
First regular appearance of Constable Charlie Davis and last appearance of Joy McDonald

12
2
"The Food of Love"
Declan Eames
Pete McTighe
14 February 2014 (2014-02-14)
1.011[15]

Bobby Lee, lead singer of a rock and roll group, dies in an alley, of a single stab wound, outside Ballarat's concert hall amongst his fans. Blake investigates his fans including a pub owner's 16 year old daughter with a vivid imagination, another fanatical female fan, other band members and a preacher with a violent past who hates the devil's music. Mattie spends the day in a cell after assaulting senior constable Davis.

Guest cast: Cameron Daddo

13
3
"A Foreign Field"
Lee Rogers
Marcia Gardner
21 February 2014 (2014-02-21)
0.914 (Overnight)[16]

The body of a man is found by a tree, having been there overnight. The autopsy reveals he had been poisoned by cyanide and his clothes have no labels. The last person to be seen with the man was a blonde woman. When his wife appears they believe they have his name but she, a blonde, becomes a suspect when further investigation reveals the man had multiple identities and lovers. A coded message, which Blake tries to decode, a Soviet agent, is and a retarded Peeping Tom may hold clues to the death. Alice Harvey, a new pathologist joins the Ballarat medical team.

Guest cast: Edwina Wren, Sibylla Budd and Mark Casamento
First regular appearance of Dr. Alice Harvey

14
4
"Smoke and Mirrors"
Lee Rogers
Chelsea Cassio
28 February 2014 (2014-02-28)
1.111[17]

Two seemingly unrelated incidents; the president of the local flying club falling to his death from the balcony of the Colonists Club but with massive internal injuries and a police constable injured in a hit and run. Tobacco smuggling seems to be the connection but the two local pilots have alibis and the only airworthy plane was on the ground. Senior constable Davis falls foul of Superintendent Lawson.

Guest cast: John Wood

15
5
"Crossing The Line"
Pino Amenta
Chelsea Cassio
7 March 2014 (2014-03-07)
1.020[18]

A projectionist dies in a fire in his projection room at the cinema. Is it foul play? It soon becomes apparent he was murdered. Blake finds in the projection room some partially destroyed, flammable 16 mm film. In the dead man's room is a bill for a four poster bed delivered to a derelict mansion owned by Patrick Tyneman's son. Restoring some of the film reveals a pornographic film and Mattie knows one of the participants. Jean has a possible suitor in a fireman, who was in the cinema and tried to save the projectionist's life.

16
6
"Mortal Coil"
Pino Amenta
Stuart Page
14 March 2014 (2014-03-14)
1.002[19]

At a funeral, the pallbearers drop the coffin, and it bursts open to reveal two bodies. The second body is of an itinerant scrap metal dealer who has been shot in the head. Blake knew the man and, using the man's horse and cart, retraces his route to an abandoned shed and discovers evidence of another murder. Lawson and Davis are perturbed by Blake's erratic behaviour that has come to Melbourne's attention. Blake and Lawson dig up another body, which leads to a search for a third.

17
7
"The Silence"
Declan Eames
Pete McTighe
21 March 2014 (2014-03-21)
1.101[20]

The headmaster of the local school is found dead in his office from a blow to the head but the excessive bleeding and enlarged spleen reveal rat poison as a contributing factor. Lawson suspects the deputy headmaster, who had bullied him at the same school which they attended as youngsters. Blake Investigates how the poison was administered and the women involved with the headmaster when a more sinister reason emerges between two siblings at the school.

18
8
"The Ties of the Past"
Declan Eames
Marcia Gardner
28 March 2014 (2014-03-28)
1.069[21]

We see her hauntingly beautiful smile at the beginning of the show. Is the young woman an object of art or an artist in her own right? Several claim to be her lover, but how was she treated? Blake sees specters of his past at home and at the crime scene. He is called upon to open a door that had been long locked. As the show ends he sits, seemingly contented, in front of a fire that has not been lit for many years. Doors that have been opened cannot be closed again, however, and Dr. Blake must face that his mother’s relationship to the world was more complicated than his younger self could have supposed. This show is critical in understanding his personal quest in the third season.

Guest cast: John Wood

19
9
"The Sky is Empty"
Ian Barry
Chelsea Cassio
4 April 2014 (2014-04-04)
1.083[22]

A is for adultery, B is for Bees, C is for Covetousness, D is for Dead. How has Father Mortenson died? Who had motive? Lawson is preoccupied, but why? How many lapsed Catholics find their way to Church? Does Blake feel guilt for his abandonment?

20
10
"An Invincible Summer"
Ian Barry
Stuart Page
11 April 2014 (2014-04-11)
1.060[23]

Most of the wealthy and philathropic Dennison family is found gunned down, apparently at their breakfast, at the same time the race that opens the show is taking place. Things may not be what they seem.

text: Series 3 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title[24]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
AUS viewers
(million)

21
1
"King of the Lake"
Pino Amenta
Michael Harvey
13 February 2015 (2015-02-13)
1.174[25]

A 17 year old champion rower drowns after being thrown into the lake in celebration of a win. Blake is unhappy with the way the extremely fit boy drowned so quickly and with alcohol in his lungs. The boy's obstructive, domineering father with heart trouble hampers the investigation and the boy's recent phobia about the colour yellow may be the key to solving the mystery. Blake offers lodgings to Charlie Davis and in clearing the room finds a medical file on his own mother.

Guest cast: John Wood

22
2
"My Brother's Keeper"
Pino Amenta
Pino Amenta
20 February 2015 (2015-02-20)
1.063[26]

The death of a farmer trampled to death in his own cattle pens and a misidentification leads to problems for Blake when Superintendent Ashby is dismissed and replaced by Superintendent Munroe, who is determined to rein in Blake or dismiss him as police surgeon.

First regular appearance of Chief Superintendent Munroe

23
3
"This Time and This Place"
Fiona Banks
Michael Miller
27 February 2015 (2015-02-27)
1.156[27]

A young woman is shot dead at a Bonfire Night celebration and the police arrest an Aboriginal boy holding a gun in his hand. Blake realises the murder is not that simple and is forced to challenge the racist bias of both the police and the whole town but the evidence clears then condemns the boy. Jean receives a letter that her son's wife is expecting a baby. Blake writes to his daughter in China.

24
4
"By the Southern Cross"
Fiona Banks
Roger Monk
6 March 2015 (2015-03-06)
1.103[28]

Communist agitators, friends of Mattie from university, descend on Ballarat to cause trouble when a government minister, Mattie's father, is speaking. One of the agitators is found dead and Blake seeks evidence to corroborate forensic evidence on the body. Mattie suspects Charlie is spying on Blake for Superintendent Munroe. Blake is shocked to discover from one of his mother's friends that she died of a diabetic coma.

Guest cast: John Wood, Martin Sacks and Helen Morse

25
5
"A Night to Remember"
Karl Zwicky
Jeff Truman
13 March 2015 (2015-03-13)
1.117[29]

When a famous actress is murdered at a charity event at the Colonist's Club, it really does become a Night to Remember.

Guest cast: John Wood

26
6
"Women and Children"
Karl Zwicky
Stuart Page
20 March 2015 (2015-03-20)
1.012[30]

A murder in the hospital leads Blake into a maze of sexual politics and revenge.

27
7
"Room without a View"
Declan Eames
Chelsea Cassio
27 March 2015 (2015-03-27)
1.077[31]

Why does Dr Blake decide to spend the night in the same hotel room where he found a drunken business owner dying just a few hours earlier? How could it be murder if the room was barricaded from within? Who profits from the sale gone bad? Does everyone have a sordid, alcohol-soaked past? Is anyone who they seem to be? Will alcohol continue betraying the mighty and fortifying the weak? Can any escape its influence? Who will keep his or her job? Who will resign? Not all who wander are lost. Not all the proper are upright.

Guest cast: Gary Sweet

28
8
"Darkness Visible"
Declan Eames
Stuart Page
3 April 2015 (2015-04-03)
1.205[32]

While investigating the murder of a local magistrate, Dr Blake realises the answers to this crime are inextricably linked with the death of his mother 40 years earlier. A new housekeeper comes as Jean leaves to be with her son. Will the doctor realize all that he has lost and might lose?

Guest cast: John Wood
Last appearances of Douglas Ashby and Chief Superintendent Munroe

text: Series 4 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title[33]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
AUS viewers
(million)

29
1
"The Open Road"
Declan Eames
Stuart Page
5 February 2016 (2016-02-05)
1.142[34]

It's 1960 and Dr Lucien Blake returns home to find Ballarat hosting a very public stopover in a cross-country, endurance motor race - and a very suspicious death. Chief Superintendent Lawson is seriously injured and retires. Blake recognises his growing feelings for Jean and he takes his mother's engagement ring from his study. A new reporter taken on at the local paper, The Courier, is Lawson's niece Rose Anderson.

Last regular appearance of Chief Superintendent Lawson and first appearance of Rose Anderson

30
2
"Golden Years"
Declan Eames
Pete McTighe
12 February 2016 (2016-02-12)
1.091[35]

Two businessmen/brothers announce plans for a theme park to glorify Ballarat's goldrush past. The following morning one brother is found dead in the local baths. Doctor Blake soon realises the death is suspicious. Chief Superintendent Frank Carlyle replaces Lawson. Mattie O'Brien leaves Ballarat for a new post at St Bartholomew's hospital, London. Blake borrows Jean's engagement ring from her first marriage to have his mother's engagement ring resized.

First appearance of Chief Superintendent Carlyle and last regular appearance of Mattie O'Brien

31
3
"Lucky Numbers"
Fiona Banks
Paul Oliver
19 February 2016 (2016-02-19)
1.098[36]

A kidnapping involving the winners of the first ever state lottery leads Blake into a shady world of greed and envy. Solving the case provides Blake with the opportunity to finally propose to Jean just as Mei Lin, Blake's wife presumed dead, arrives at the front door.

32
4
"Against The Odds"
Fiona Banks
Stuart Page
26 February 2016 (2016-02-26)
1.125[37]

A jockey dies the morning after a big win. Carlyle is in debt to a bookmaker who is one of the suspects. Blake's household is strained with Jean and Mei Lin under the same roof. Mei Lin leaves to stay in a hotel and Blake puts the engagement ring away.

33
5
"The Price of Love"
John Hartley
Chelsea Cassio
4 March 2016 (2016-03-04)
1.088[38]

When a soldier is killed during a routine training exercise, Doctor Blake investigates soldiers and their wives involved in a promiscuous circle of swapping partners. When another soldier's separated wife is found dead and a woman working in the army laundry cannot be found another motive surfaces being investigated by Blake's old commanding officer, Major Derek Alderton, who seems reluctant to co-operate.

34
6
"A Difficult Lie"
John Hartley
Paul Jenner
11 March 2016 (2016-03-11)
1.081[39]

When a reporter's body, Terry Reynolds, is discovered on the 18th hole at the local golf course, Blake is called in to investigate Reynolds who had enemies at the golf course and the newspaper The Courier. Rose helps to uncover the secrets Reynolds had amassed and a secret of her editor Edward Tyneman. An article in The Courier about Mei Lin's return strains further Blake and Jean's relationship.

35
7
"For Whom The Bell Tolls"
Ian Barry
Sarah Lambert
18 March 2016 (2016-03-18)
1.018[40]

A fireman, Cec Drury's brother, falls from the Ballarat Fire Station bell tower in front of Mei Lin. What appears to be a suicide turns into a murder investigation of his colleagues who were all attending a fire. Rose brings pictures to Jean of Mei Lin arguing with Major Alderton and Jean overhears him threatening her. Mei Lin confesses to Blake that Alderton had been using her and threats against their daughter to get at Blake.

36
8
"The Visible World"
Ian Barry
Stuart Page
25 March 2016 (2016-03-25)
1.059[41]

Blake takes a pistol to the Ballarat observatory to meet Major Alderton who tries to blackmail Blake into returning to the army with Mei Lin for service in the growing Indo-China war. As the sky darkened during the eclipse Alderton is stabbed in front of Blake. When a knife is found in Mei Lin's room Blake is arrested. From his cell Blake has to solve the murder before he is taken to Melbourne by the Special Branch and then Mei Lin confesses.

text: Series 5 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title[42]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
AUS viewers
(million)

37
1
"A Lethal Combination"
Ian Barry
Paul Oliver
17 September 2017 (2017-09-17)
0.929[43]

An exhibition boxing match in Ballarat turns sour when one of the boxers is seemingly beaten to death in front of hundreds of witnesses. Now Blake must try and determine a cause of death, even as all eyes turn to the boxer's seemingly unscrupulous opponent… Charlie's younger brother Ray.

Last regular appearance of Chief Superintendent Caryle and reintroduction of Chief Superintendent Lawson

38
2
"Sorrow Songs"
Ian Barry
David Hannam
24 September 2017 (2017-09-24)
0.903[44]

The murder of a beautiful woman takes Blake inside the intriguing and exotic world of Romani travellers passing through Ballarat. Part of a different world, deeply misunderstood… or are they?

39
3
"The Call Of The Void"
Alister Grierson
Victoria Madden
1 October 2017 (2017-10-01)
0.884[45]

When a French chef is found murdered in the freezer of a restaurant the night after an impromptu police raid, Bill Hobart quickly finds himself becoming the chief suspect in the case — especially when it appears the victim, Phillipe, has probably been beaten to death, and Hobart himself admits to dealing out some punishment during the raid. What could possibly have driven Hobart to resort to this kind of violence? What was the point of his late night raid?

40
4
"All She Leaves Behind"
Alister Grierson
Stuart Page
8 October 2017 (2017-10-08)
0.961[46]

Controversial writer Patricia Neville has finally returned to her old hometown, armed with a new novel that promises to excoriate Ballarat and its many inhabitants — as evidenced by a book reading at the local library that quickly devolves into violence and chaos. But when she's found dead the next morning with her sister Eve unconscious beside her, seemingly part of some murder-suicide pact, Blake has to search out some truths about the place in order to understand how and why the woman died.

41
5
"Measure Twice"
Daina Reid
Paul Jenner
15 October 2017 (2017-10-15)
1.024[47]

When Blake is called to investigate the murder of a retired carpenter, his only real suspect is a young Jehovah's Witness, discovered praying over the body and covered in blood. The boy is interviewed, and despite his earnest pleas of innocence, there is definitely something unnerving about him… some secret he won't reveal to the police, or to Blake.

42
6
"First Dance"
Daina Reid
Eloise Healey
22 October 2017 (2017-10-22)
1.086[48]

When a teenage girl dies at her Debutante Ball, Blake does his best to investigate despite being housebound as he recovers from being stabbed weeks before.

43
7
"A Good Drop"
Fiona Banks
Paul Jenner
29 October 2017 (2017-10-29)
1.060[49]

It's the week before Christmas, and Blake has been called upon to investigate the murder of a local farmer shot to death at point blank range after what appears to be a deliberately lit fire on his land.

44
8
"Hear The Angels Sing"
Fiona Banks
Stuart Page
5 November 2017 (2017-11-05)
0.885[50]

Ballarat is thrown into chaos when a young policeman is found brutally murdered overnight in the station, his neck broken, files and paperwork strewn all over the office.

Guest cast: John Wood, Craig Hall, Annie Jones and Gary Sweet

text: Telemovie (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title[51]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
AUS viewers
(million)

45
1
"Family Portrait"
Ian Barry
Paul Jenner
12 November 2017 (2017-11-12)
0.891[52]

text: Note[edit]

text: Episode one Still Waters was dedicated in memory of Kathryn Seabrook, a young actress who committed suicide.


document_title: F Is for Family

question_text: who does vicks voice on f is for family

question_tokens: who does vicks voice on f is for family

text: F Is for Family

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Bill Burr as Francis X. "Frank" Murphy – Frank is a disillusioned, short-tempered, Irish-American, Korean War veteran and father of three who lives in a Great Lakes region town in 1973. He is prone to angry, profane rants. As a parent, Frank often responds to his children with threatening language and emotional abuse. The Murphy children often go out of their way to avoid upsetting their father. Frank works as a baggage handler at the local Mohican Airlines, and is promoted to management after his boss dies in a violent workplace accident. Frank is usually seen spending many hours in front of his television set while at home. Frank's favorite show is an action series called Colt Luger. Luger, an overweight middle-aged character who is portrayed as an unerringly victorious hero. When facing dire situations, Luger utters the phrase "Sometimes, a man's got to do...what a man does", much to Frank's excitement.
Laura Dern as Sue Murphy[2] – Frank's wife who is a housewife, and also sells Plast-a-Ware (a play on words of Tupperware.)
Justin Long as Kevin Murphy[1][2] – Kevin is Frank's teenage son, who is a bit of a juvenile delinquent. Despite his rebellious personality, Kevin often shows signs of love and respect for his parents and a desire to better himself (although he rarely, if ever, follows through on the latter).
Debi Derryberry as Maureen Murphy [2][6] – Maureen is Frank's young daughter who he often refers to as "Princess". However, even though Frank sees Maureen as a princess, Maureen is an intelligent child and can be destructive like the rest of her family members. However, Maureen is smart enough to hide it.
Haley Reinhart as Bill Murphy, Frank's younger son.[7][8] Bill tends to be shy and is skinny. He gets bullied frequently. He is 11 years old in the first season.[9]
Sam Rockwell as Vic – Frank's wealthy, womanizing neighbor, who brags a lot. Frank loathes him for his playboy lifestyle, cheerful attitude, and successful career.

text: Co-starring[edit]

text:
Mo Collins as Jimmy, Vivian, Ben, Brandy, Ginny[10]
Trevor Devall as Red, Bolo, Mr. Goomer, others[11][12]
Phil Hendrie as Jim Jeffords, Colt Luger, others[13][14]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Kevin Michael Richardson as Rosie, others
David Koechner as Robert "Bob Pogo" Pogrohvich, Frank's obese, chainsmoking boss.[15][16]
Kevin Farley as Babe, Carl, others[17]
Gary Cole as Rodger Dunbarton, the owner and founder of the airlines where Frank and his co-workers work.
Joe Buck as Lou Gagliardi, others[18]
John DiMaggio as Scoop Dunbarton
Allison Janney as Henrietta Van Horne[19]
T.J. Miller as Randy
Michael K. Williams as Smoky

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally released

1
6
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)

2
10
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code

1
1
"The Bleedin' in Sweden"
Benjamin Marsaud
Story by : Bill Burr and Michael Price
Teleplay by : Michael Price
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
101

Frank is excited at the prospect of having the entire neighborhood over to watch an upcoming boxing match, but when Vic threatens to ruin his chances with his much more expensive and exciting television set, Frank overpromises that he has a color TV to convince the neighbors to come to his house instead. After he purchases one, Bill accidentally ruins it when he sticks a magnet on it as part of a school project. Frank initially believes that the store sold him a lemon and has an outburst in front of all the employees and customers when they refuse to give him a refund, embarrassing Sue. Bill eventually confesses, but after being gloated over by one of the store's employees when Frank and Sue take him to apologize, Bill uses his magnet to ruin every single television set in the store, and Frank gets refunded. At the end of the episode, the neighbors watch the match at Frank's house, while Vic watches it at his house "alone".

2
2
"Saturday Bloody Saturday"
Laurent Nicolas
David Richardson
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
102

After finding out that Kevin is failing nearly every single one of his classes, Frank takes him to his job at the airport, where he's recently been promoted after his former boss was decapitated in a violent work accident, to demonstrate to him the responsibilities of caring for a family. Frank is torn between his underpaid, hard-working co-workers who are contemplating a strike, and his employer, who worries a strike will shut down Mohican Airways for good. Although Kevin is initially unimpressed and spends most of the day hanging around with some pill-popping, underachieving airport staff, he realizes the difficulties of his father's job after he witnesses Frank being yelled at and insulted by an old woman, who accuses the airport of stealing her medication, and comes to appreciate how hard Frank works to put food on the table. Meanwhile, after his father puts him in charge of Maureen for the day, Bill struggles to keep her rebellious nature under wraps, while Sue begins to doubt her solitary role as a mother and wife.

3
3
"The Trough"
Benjamin Marsaud
Michael Price
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
103

Despite Kevin's promises to get back on track to improve his grades, Frank is outraged when he finds out that Kevin is still falling behind, and as a punishment, takes Bill to a football game where he was given corporate seats by the management at Mohican Airways, which Frank had initially promised Kevin to go to. While there, they meet Rodger Dunbarton, CEO at Mohican Airways, who speaks to Frank about talks of a strike and how he must no longer sympathize with his co-workers. On the drive home, their car breaks down, and they are rescued by Rosie, one of Frank's colleagues, but when Bill innocently reveals they had been given tickets to a football game and his father's conversation with Dunbarton, Frank faces a hostile situation at work. Meanwhile, Sue goes to the mall with Maureen, where she is accosted by a talkative friend, and Maureen learns of her mother's underwhelming home life during a surprise outburst. Kevin hangs out with friends and gets high, reminiscing of the loving relationship he and his father had when he was young.

4
4
"'F' is for Halloween"
Laurent Nicolas
Tom Gianas
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
104

On Halloween, Frank attempts to dissuade Sue from a promotion, leading to tensions between them; Bill is reluctant to trick-or-treat due to his fear of being bullied.

5
5
"Bill Murphy's Day Off"
Benjamin Marsaud
Emily Towers
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
105

Bill tries to hide his recent suspension while Frank earns the ire of his co-workers for befriending the aloof CEO of the airline. In addition, Frank struggles to make good on a promise to Kevin.

6
6
"O Holy Moly Night"
Laurent Nicolas
David Richardson
December 18, 2015 (2015-12-18)
106

When Christmas comes near, Frank is desperate to remedy the hostility of his co-workers and his supervisors at the airport while the family dog is missing. Kevin starts his part-time job. Bill becomes an altar boy at the church and gets into trouble.

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Prod.
code

7
1
"Heavy Sledding"
Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm
Michael Price
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

Three weeks after he got fired, Frank is still unemployed. On a snow day, Sue decides to take the family sledding to get them out of their slump.

8
2
"A Girl Named Sue"
Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm
David Richardson
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

Frank's old boss, Bob Pogo, calls him to offer him a job, only for things to turn out bad for Frank. Meanwhile, Sue ponders a change in her life.

9
3
"The Liar's Club"
Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm
Bill Burr
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

After bailing out of the unemployment office, Frank turns to Rosie's friend, Smokey, for a job, but not before helping Kevin move into the basement after he ditches school. Meanwhile, Sue gets a new job as a secretary, but is mistreated by the sexist heads of her company.

10
4
"Night Shift"
Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm
Emily Towers
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

Frank gets a job as a stocking man courtesy of Smokey, consequently sleeping through the day and ignoring Sue and his family. All the while, Kevin and his band try to get a gig and Sue has an idea for a new Plast-a-Ware product.

11
5
"Breaking Bill"
Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm
Joe Heslinga
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

After Frank learns that Kevin and his band are performing on a school night, his attempts at halting it cause intense tension between him and Kevin. Meanwhile, Bill, having received money from his job as a paperboy, tries to buy a hockey-stick for hockey tryouts, but a run-in with the local bully, Jimmy, pushes him over the edge. Also, when Sue pitches her idea, she still receives a lack of respect.

12
6
"This is Not Good"
Romain Bounoure, Olivier Schramm & Mike Roberts
Henry Gammill
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

When Frank's new job includes a stop at the airport, he ends up in a predicament with Bob. Kevin tries to get a date with a 'haircut' girl, but due to erection problems, he bails and this attracts the attention of Vic's new girlfriend. Also, Bill begins to enjoy lifting his legs on the law, much to the concern of his friend Phillip.

13
7
"Fight Night"
Romain Bounoure, Olivier Schramm & Mike Roberts
Eric Goldberg & Peter Tibbals
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

Frank and Sue's individual underhanded actions causes them to have a major fight on their anniversary when they're called into a meeting with Maureen's school teacher.

14
8
"F is for Fixing It"
Romain Bounoure, Olivier Schramm & Mike Roberts
Valeri Vaughn
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

Frank and Sue try to deal with their marital problems; Kevin feels guilty for having sex with Vic's new girlfriend; and when Jimmy tried to make amends after he has been released from Catholic Military School, a fearful revelation from Phillip reveals Bill's part in sending him away, causing Jimmy to go back to his bullying ways.

15
9
"Pray Away"
Romain Bounoure, Olivier Schramm & Mike Roberts
Marc Wilmore
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

Frank and Sue go to a couple's retreat to get help from a religious psychiatrist when their marriage begins to hit a snag, which only leads to a moment of truth between them. Meanwhile, Bill and his friends try to deal with a vengeful Jimmy, while Kevin is forced to deal with Vic when the latter finds out about his girlfriend's affair with Kevin.

16
10
"Landing the Plane"
Romain Bounoure & Olivier Schramm
Michael Price
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA

The day takes a traumatic turn for the Murphys when the founder of Plast-a-Wares takes credit for Sue's idea and Frank and his friends attempt to get rid of "Scoop," the mentally unstable new manager (Roger Dunbarton's nephew), which inadvertently causes them to be caught in the middle of a terrorist attack caused by a Black Panthers-esque band of domestic terrorists.

text: Production[edit]

text: The series was announced in October 2014 as part of a partnership between Netflix, Gaumont International Television, and Wild West Television.[20] The show is a "family comedy" based on the standup of Bill Burr.[21] Moreover, the show takes place in the 1970s, "a time when you could smack your kid, smoke inside, and bring a gun to the airport".[21] Burr voices the Murphy family patriarch, with Laura Dern as his wife, Justin Long as his eldest son, Debi Derryberry as his daughter Maureen, and Haley Reinhart as his young son.[7][8][21] The first season consists of six episodes, shown in a serial manner, written by Bill Burr and Michael Price.[22] Price is best known for his Emmy and Writers Guild award-winning work on The Simpsons.[22] The series is co-directed by Ben Marsaud (director of Counterfeit Cat & former storyboard artist on The Amazing World of Gumball).

text: Reception[edit]

text: The series has received generally positive reviews.[23] On Rotten Tomatoes the series holds a rating of 87% based on 15 reviews, with an average score of 7.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "While the humor relies on vulgarity, the strength of F Is for Family is its substantial heart."[24] On Metacritic, the series holds a score of 75 out of 100, based on 14 reviews, indicating "Generally favorable reviews".[25]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

2017
69th Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Character Voice-Over Performance
Mo Collins as Ginny, Jimmy Fitzsimmons, Lex, Ben, and Cutie Pie (Episode: Pray Away)
Pending