document_title: Universal Product Code

question_text: first ever product to be receive the ubiquitous universal product code (upc) barcode

question_tokens: first ever product to be receive the ubiquitous universal product code ( upc ) barcode

text: Universal Product Code

text: History[edit]

text: This article duplicates the scope of other articles, specifically, Barcode#History. Please discuss this issue on the talk page and edit it to conform with Wikipedia's Manual of Style. (December 2013)

text: Wallace Flint proposed an automated checkout system in 1932 using punched cards. Bernard Silver and Norman Joseph Woodland, a graduate student from Drexel Institute of Technology (now Drexel University), developed a bull's-eye style code and applied for the patent in 1949.[2][3]

text: In the 1960s, railroads experimented with a multicolor barcode for tracking rail cars, but they eventually abandoned it.[4]

text: A group of grocery industry trade associations formed the Uniform Grocery Product Code Council which with consultants Larry Russell and Tom Wilson of McKinsey & Company, defined the numerical format of the Uniform Product Code.[5] Technology firms including Charegon, IBM, Litton-Zellweger, Pitney Bowes-Alpex, Plessey-Anker, RCA, Scanner Inc., Singer, and Dymo Industries/Data General proposed alternative symbol representations to the council.[citation needed] In the end the Symbol Selection Committee chose to slightly modify, changing the font in the human readable area, the IBM proposal designed by George J. Laurer.[citation needed]

text: The first UPC marked item ever scanned at a retail checkout was at the Marsh supermarket in Troy, Ohio at 8:01 a.m. on June 26, 1974, and was a 10-pack (50 sticks) of Wrigley's Juicy Fruit chewing gum.[6] The shopper was Clyde Dawson and cashier Sharon Buchanan made the first UPC scan. The NCR cash register rang up 67 cents.[7] The entire shopping cart also had barcoded items in it, but the gum was the first one picked up. This item went on display at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.[8]

text: IBM proposal[edit]

text: Around late 1969, IBM at Research Triangle Park (RTP) in North Carolina assigned George Laurer to determine how to make a supermarket scanner and label. In late 1970, Heard Baumeister provided equations to calculate characters per inch achievable by two IBM bar codes, Delta A and Delta B. In February, 1971, Baumeister joined Laurer.

text: In mid 1971, William "Bill" Crouse invented a new bar code called Delta C.[3] It achieved four times the characters per inch as Delta B. Delta B compared bar widths to space width to code bits. This was extremely sensitive to ink spread where too much ink or pressure would cause both edges of a bar to spread outward and too little to cause them to shrink. To make it worse as bars spread spaces shrink and vice versa. Delta C achieved its higher performance by only using leading to leading or trailing to trailing edges which was unaffected by uniform ink spread. The code provided best performance when it had a defined character set with a fixed reference distance that spanned most or preferably all the character. In August, 1971, Crouse joined the scanner effort. After several months they had made no progress. They were aware of the RCA bull’s eye label that could be scanned with a simple straight line laser scanner, but a readable label was far too large. Although Litton Industries proposed a bull’s eye symbol cut in half to reduce the area, it was still too large and presented the same ink smear printing problems as the RCA symbol. The redundancy and checking ability were removed completely. They were also aware of the many proposals from around the world, none of which were feasible.

text: In the spring of 1972, Baumeister announced a breakthrough. He proposed a label with bars that were slightly longer than the distance across all bars that needed to be read in a single pass. This label could be scanned with a simple “X” scanner only slightly more complex than the straight line laser scanner. The next day Baumeister suggested if the label were split into two halves the bar lengths could be cut nearly in half. These two proposals reduced the area from the bull’s eye by one third and then one sixth. The image to the right shows the label proposed by Baumeister. He did not specify any specific bar code as that was well understood. Except for the bar coding and ten digits the UPC label today is his proposal. Shortly after that Baumeister transferred to another area of RTP.

text: Laurer proceeded to define the details of the label and write a proposal. N.J. Woodland was assigned as planner for the project and aided Laurer with writing his proposal.

text: Laurer’s first attempt with a bar code used Delta B. The resulting label size was about six inches by three inches which was too large. Crouse suggested that Laurer use his Delta C bar code and provided a copy of his patent that had a sample alphanumeric character set and rules to generate other size alphabets. This reduced the label size to about 1.5” x 0.9”. Later Laurer asked Crouse for assistance in how the scanner could detect a label. Together they defined guard bars and a definition of how to detect the label. The guard bars also provided identification for half label discrimination and training bars for the scanner threshold circuits. Laurer had a complete label definition and proceeded to write his proposal.[9]

text: Previously Crouse had an idea for a simple wand worn like a ring and bracelet. He decided to develop that wand to provide a demonstration of the label.[citation needed]

text: On December 1, 1972, IBM presented Laurer's proposal to the Super Market Committee in Rochester, Minnesota, the location where IBM would develop the scanner. During the presentation, Crouse gave a lab demonstration where he read UPC-like labels with his ring wand. In addition to reading regular labels, he read the large two-page centerfold label in the proposal booklet. He then turned to a page showing a photo of labeled items sitting on a table. The labels were small and flawed due to the resolution of the printed photo but the wand read many of them. This demonstration showed the robustness of the pure Delta C code. The proposal was accepted.

text: One month later, January 1, 1973 Crouse transferred back to IBM's Advanced Technology group, and Laurer remained with the full responsibility for the label.

text: Dymo Industries, makers of handheld printing devices insisted that the code be character independent,[clarification needed] so that handheld printing devices could produce the bar code in store if the items were not bar-coded by the manufacturers. Dymo's proposal was accepted by IBM and incorporated in IBM's latest proposal.

text: It was decided that the two halves of the label should have a different set of numeric characters. The character set Laurer derived from the Delta C patent used seven printable increments or units where two bars and two spaces would be printed. This yielded twenty combinations of characters, but there were two pairs that when read by Delta C rules yielded the same code for the pair. Since eighteen characters were not enough Laurer tried adding one unit to the character set. This yielded twenty-six Delta C characters which could provide the two sets of decimal characters but it also added fourteen percent to the width of the label and thereby the height. This would be a thirty percent increase in area or a label of 1.7”x1.03”. Laurer felt this was not acceptable. He returned to the original character set with twenty characters but four of those were two pairs with the same Delta C reading. He decided to use them all. To distinguish between the pairs he would measure one bar width in each of the pairs to distinguish them from each other. For each pair those bars would be one or two units wide. Laurer didn’t apply Baumeister’s equations to this set. He felt just one bar width measurement would not be too serious. As it turned out it would have required over fifty percent increase in width and height for an area increase of more than double. Laurer later admitted these four characters in each set were responsible for most of the scanner read errors.

text: David Savir, a mathematician, was given the task of proving the symbol could be printed and would meet the reliability requirements, and was most likely unaware of Baumeister’s equations. He and Laurer added two more digits to the ten for error correction and detection. Then they decided to add odd/even parity to the number of units filled with bars in each side. Odd/even parity is a technique used to detect any odd number of bit errors in a bit stream. They decided to use odd on one half and even on the other. This would provide additional indication of which half ticket was being read. This meant that every bar width had to be read accurately to provide a good reading. It also meant every space would also be known. Requiring every bit width to be read precisely basically nullified the Delta C advantage except for the Delta C reference measurement. Only the strange character set and the size of the label remains as a shadow of the Delta C code. The size was still that calculated for pure Delta C. If the label size had been properly recalculated, taking into account the required bar width measurements the label would have been far too large to be acceptable.

text: Mechanical engineering and electronic circuit design commonly require worst case designs using known tolerances. Many engineers working with bar codes had little experience with such things and used somewhat intuitive methods. This was the cause of the poor performance of the Delta B code and quite likely the failure of RCA’s bull’s eye scanner.

text: The following table shows the workable labels, available in the early 1970s, with their sizes.

text:
Label type
Label dimensions
Area

Bull’s eye with Morse Code
Large
Large

Bull’s eye with Delta B
12.0" diameter
113.10 sq. in.

Bull’s eye with Delta A
9.0" diameter
63.62 sq. in.

Baumeister 1st w/ Delta B
6.0" × 5.8"
34.80 sq. in.

Baumeister 2 halves w/ Delta B
6.0" × 3.0"
18.00 sq. in.

Baumeister 2 halves w/ Delta A
4.5" × 2.3"
10.35 sq. in.

Baumeister with Delta C
1.5" × 0.9"
1.35 sq. in.

text: This is assuming a bull’s eye with the same information and reliable readability.

text: Composition[edit]

text: Each UPC-A barcode consists of a scannable strip of black bars and white spaces above a sequence of 12 numerical digits. No letters, characters or other content of any kind may appear on a UPC-A barcode. There is a one-to-one correspondence between 12-digit number and strip of black bars and white spaces, i.e. there is only one way to represent each 12-digit number visually and there is only one way to represent each strip of black bars and white spaces numerically.

text: The scannable area of every UPC-A barcode follows the pattern SLLLLLLMRRRRRRE, where S (start), M (middle), and E (end) guard patterns are represented the same way on every UPC-A barcode and the L (left) and R (right) sections collectively represent the 12 numerical digits that make each UPC-A unique. The first digit L indicates a particular number system to be used by the following digits. The last digit R is an error detecting check digit, that allows some errors to be detected in scanning or manual entry. The guard patterns separate the two groups of six numerical digits and establish the timing.

text:
UPC-A
UPC-E

text: Note: UPC-A 042100005264 is equivalent to UPC-E 425261 with the "EOEEOO" parity pattern, which is defined by UPC-A number system 0 and UPC-A check digit 4.

text: Formatting[edit]

text: UPC-A barcodes can be printed at various densities to accommodate a variety of printing and scanning processes. The significant dimensional parameter is called x-dimension (width of single module element). The width of each bar (space) is determined by multiplying the x-dimension and the module width (1, 2, 3, or 4 units) of each bar (space). Since the guard patterns each include two bars, and each of the 12 digits of the UPC-A barcode consists of two bars and two spaces, all UPC-A barcodes consist of exactly (3 × 2) + (12 × 2) = 30 bars, of which 6 represent guard patterns and 24 represent numerical digits.

text: The x-dimension for the UPC-A at the nominal size is 0.33 mm (0.013"). Nominal symbol height for UPC-A is 25.9 mm (1.02"). The bars forming the S (start), M (middle), and E (end) guard patterns, are extended downwards by 5 times x-dimension, with a resulting nominal symbol height of 27.55 mm (1.08"). This also applies to the bars of the first and last numerical digit of UPC-A barcode. UPC-A can be reduced or magnified anywhere from 80% to 200%.

text: A quiet zone, with a width of at least 9 times the x-dimension, must be present on each side of the scannable area of the UPC-A barcode.[10][11] For a GTIN-12 number encoded in a UPC-A barcode, the first and last digits are always placed outside the symbol in order to indicate the quiet zones that are necessary for barcode scanners to work properly.

text: Encoding[edit]

text: The UPC-A barcode is visually represented by strips of bars and spaces that encode the UPC-A 12-digit number. Each digit is represented by a unique pattern of 2 bars and 2 spaces. The bars and spaces are variable width, i.e. 1, 2, 3, or 4 modules wide. The total width for a digit is always 7 modules; consequently, UPC-A 12-digit number requires a total of 7×12 = 84 modules.

text: A complete UPC-A is 95 modules wide: 84 modules for the digits (L and R sections) combined with 11 modules for the S (start), M (middle), and E (end) guard patterns. The S (start) and E (end) guard patterns are 3 modules wide and use the pattern bar-space-bar, where each bar and space is one module wide. The M (middle) guard pattern is 5 modules wide and uses the pattern space-bar-space-bar-space, where each bar and space is also one module wide. In addition, a UPC-A symbol requires a quiet zone (extra space of 9 modules wide) before the S (start) and after the E (end) guard patterns.

text:
Encoding table for UPC-A barcode pattern SLLLLLLMRRRRRRE

Quiet
zone
S
(start)
L
(left numerical digit)
M
(middle)
R
(right numerical digit)
E
(end)
Quiet
zone

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

text: The UPC-A's left-hand side digits (the digits to the left of the M (middle) guard pattern) have odd parity, which means the total width of the black bars is an odd number of modules. On the contrary, the right-hand side digits have even parity. Consequently, a UPC scanner can determine whether it is scanning a symbol from left-to-right or from right-to-left (the symbol is upside-down). After seeing a S (start) or E (end) guard pattern (they are the same, bar-space-bar, whichever direction they are read), the scanner will first see odd parity digits, if scanning left-to-right, or even parity digits, if scanning right-to-left. With the parity/direction information, an upside-down symbol will not confuse the scanner. When confronted with an upside-down symbol, the scanner may simply ignore it (many scanners alternate left-to-right and right-to-left scans, so they will read the symbol on a subsequent pass) or recognize the digits and put them in the right order. There is another property in the digit encoding. The right-hand side digits are the optical inverse of the left-hand side digits, i.e. black bars are turned into white spaces and vice versa. For example, the left-hand side "4" is space×1 - bar×1 - space×3 - bar×2, meanwhile the right-hand side "4" is bar×1 - space×1 - bar×3 - space×2.

text: Numbering[edit]

text: The number of UPC-A and UPC-E barcodes are limited by the standards used to create them.

text:
UPC-A: (10 possible values per left digit ^ 6 left digits) × (10 possible values per right digit ^ 5 right digits) = 100,000,000,000.
UPC-E: (10 possible values per digit ^ 6 digits) × (2 possible parity patterns per UPC-E number) = 2,000,000.

text: Number system digit[edit]

text: Below is description of all possible number systems with corresponding 12-digit UPC-A numbering schema LLLLLLRRRRRR, where L denotes number system digit and R check digit.

text: Check digit calculation[edit]

text:
Formally, UPC-A check digit

x

12

{\displaystyle x_{12}}

 meets the check digit equation:

text: Generally, in the UPC-A system, the check digit is calculated as follows:

text:
Sum the digits at odd-numbered positions (first, third, fifth,..., eleventh).
Multiply the result by 3.
Add the digit sum at even-numbered positions (second, fourth, sixth,..., tenth) to the result.
Find the result modulo 10 (i.e. the remainder, when divided by 10).
If the result is not 0, subtract the result from 10.

tag: ol

text: For example, in a UPC-A barcode "03600029145x", where x is the unknown check digit, x can be calculated by:

text:
Sum the odd-numbered digits (0 + 6 + 0 + 2 + 1 + 5 = 14).
Multiply the result by 3 (14 × 3 = 42).
Add the even-numbered digits (42 + (3 + 0 + 0 + 9 + 4) = 58).
Find the result modulo 10 (58 mod 10 = 8).
If the result is not 0, subtract the result from 10 (10 − 8 = 2).

text: Thus, the check digit x is 2.

text: Note:

text: UPC-A can detect 100% of single digit errors.

text: UPC-A can detect 90% of transposition errors. Specifically, if and only if the difference between two adjacent digits is 5, the UPC-A can't detect their transposition.

text:
Table of d-transpositions for UPC-A barcodes

d
N°

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

N°1
0 0
0 1
0 2
0 3
0 4
0 5
0 6
0 7
0 8
0 9

N°2
1 1
1 2
1 3
1 4
1 5
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9

N°3
2 2
2 3
2 4
2 5
2 6
2 7
2 8
2 9

N°4
3 3
3 4
3 5
3 6
3 7
3 8
3 9

N°5
4 4
4 5
4 6
4 7
4 8
4 9

N°6
5 5
5 6
5 7
5 8
5 9

N°7
6 6
6 7
6 8
6 9

N°8
7 7
7 8
7 9

N°9
8 8
8 9

N°10
9 9

Sum
10
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2

text: Variations[edit]

text: UPC in its most common usage technically refers to UPC-A.

text: Other variants of the UPC exist:

text:
UPC-B is a 12-digit version of UPC with no check digit, developed for the National Drug Code (NDC) and National Health Related Items Code.[13][not in citation given] It has 11 digits plus a 1-digit product code, and is not in common use.[14]
UPC-C is a 12-digit code with a product code and a check digit; not in common use.[14]
UPC-D is a variable length code (12 digits or more) with the 12th digit being the check digit. These versions are not in common use.
UPC-E is a 6-digit code, that has its equivalent in UPC-A 12-digit code with number system 0 or 1.
UPC-2 is a 2-digit supplement to the UPC used to indicate the edition of a magazine or periodical.
UPC-5 is a 5-digit supplement to the UPC used to indicate suggested retail price for books.

text: As the UPC becomes technologically obsolete, it is expected[by whom?] that UPC-B and UPC-C will disappear from common use by the 2010s. The UPC-D standard may be modified into EAN 2.0 or be phased out entirely.[citation needed]

text: UPC-E[edit]

text: To allow the use of UPC barcodes on smaller packages, where a full 12-digit barcode may not fit, a 'zero-suppressed' version of UPC was developed, called UPC-E, in which the number system digit, all trailing zeros in the manufacturer code, and all leading zeros in the product code, are suppressed (omitted).[15] This symbology differs from UPC-A in that it only uses a 6-digit code, does not use M (middle) guard pattern, and the E (end) guard pattern is formed as space-bar-space-bar-space-bar, i.e. UPC-E barcode follows the pattern SDDDDDDE. The way, in which a 6-digit UPC-E relates to a 12-digit UPC-A, is determined by UPC-E numerical pattern and UPC-E parity pattern. It can only correspond to UPC-A number system 0 or 1, the value of which, along with the UPC-A check digit, determines the UPC-E parity pattern of the encoding. With the manufacturer code digits represented by X's, and product code digits by N's, then:

text:
Last UPC-E digit
UPC-E numerical pattern
UPC-A equivalent

0
XXNNN0
0 or 1 + XX000-00NNN + check digit

1
XXNNN1
0 or 1 + XX100-00NNN + check digit

2
XXNNN2
0 or 1 + XX200-00NNN + check digit

3
XXXNN3
0 or 1 + XXX00-000NN + check digit

4
XXXXN4
0 or 1 + XXXX0-0000N + check digit

5
XXXXX5
0 or 1 + XXXXX-00005 + check digit

6
XXXXX6
0 or 1 + XXXXX-00006 + check digit

7
XXXXX7
0 or 1 + XXXXX-00007 + check digit

8
XXXXX8
0 or 1 + XXXXX-00008 + check digit

9
XXXXX9
0 or 1 + XXXXX-00009 + check digit

text: For example, a UPC-E 654321 may correspond to the UPC-A 065100004327 or 165100004324, depending on the UPC-E parity pattern of the encoded digits, as described next:

text:
UPC-A
check digit
UPC-E parity pattern for UPC-A
number system 0

UPC-E parity pattern for UPC-A
number system 1

0
EEEOOO
OOOEEE

1
EEOEOO
OOEOEE

2
EEOOEO
OOEEOE

3
EEOOOE
OOEEEO

4
EOEEOO
OEOOEE

5
EOOEEO
OEEOOE

6
EOOOEE
OEEEOO

7
EOEOEO
OEOEOE

8
EOEOOE
OEOEEO

9
EOOEOE
OEEOEO

text:
Encoding table for UPC-E barcode pattern SDDDDDDE

S
(start)
O
(odd parity digit)
E
(even parity digit)
E
(end)

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

3-2-1-1

2-2-2-1

2-1-2-2

1-4-1-1

1-1-3-2

1-2-3-1

1-1-1-4

1-3-1-2

1-2-1-3

3-1-1-2

1-1-2-3

1-2-2-2

2-2-1-2

1-1-4-1

2-3-1-1

1-3-2-1

4-1-1-1

2-1-3-1

3-1-2-1

2-1-1-3

text: UPC-E 654321 with "EOEOEO" parity pattern (UPC-A 065100004327) would be encoded as

text: 1-1-1  4-1-1-1  1-2-3-1  2-3-1-1  1-4-1-1  2-2-1-2  2-2-2-1  1-1-1-1-1-1.

text: The barcode would look like this:

text: The EAN-13 was developed as a superset of UPC-A, adding an extra digit to the beginning of every UPC-A number. This expanded the number of unique values theoretically possible by ten times to 1 trillion. EAN-13 barcodes also indicate the country in which the company that sells the product is based (which may or may not be the same as the country in which the good is manufactured). The three leading digits of the code determine this, according to the GS1 country codes. Every UPC-A code can be easily converted to the equivalent EAN-13 code by prepending 0 digit to the UPC-A code. This does not change the check digit. All point-of-sale systems can now understand both equally.

text: EAN-8 is an 8-digit variation of the EAN barcode.

text: UPC usage notes:

text:
All products, marked with an EAN, will be accepted in North America currently - in addition to those already marked with a UPC.
Product with an existing UPC does not have to be re-marked with an EAN.
In North America, the EAN adds 30% more codes, mainly by adding digits '10 through 12' to the UPC digits '00 through 09'. This is a powerful incentive to phase out the UPC.


document_title: British Academy Television Awards 1996

question_text: channel 4 sitcom named best comedy at the 1996 and 1999 baftas

root

text: British Academy Television Awards 1996

text:
1996 British Academy Television Awards

Date
21 April 1996

Site
Theatre Royal, Drury Lane followed by dinner in The Great Room, Grosvenor House Hotel

Highlights

Best Comedy Series
Father Ted

Best Drama
Cracker

Best Actor
Robbie Coltrane
Cracker

Best Actress
Jennifer Ehle
Pride and Prejudice

Best Comedy Performance

Martin Clunes
Men Behaving Badly

← 1995
BAFTA Awards
1997 →

tag: table

text: The 1996 British Academy Television Awards were held on 21 April 1996 at London's Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, as a joint ceremony with the British Academy Film Awards.

tag: p

text: Winners[edit]

text:
Best Actor

Winner: Robbie Coltrane — Cracker (ITV)
Other nominees: Robert Lindsay — Jake's Progress (Channel 4); Ian Richardson — The Final Cut (BBC); Colin Firth — Pride and Prejudice (BBC1); Benjamin Whitrow — Pride and Prejudice (BBC1)

Best Actress

Winner: Jennifer Ehle — Pride and Prejudice (BBC1)
Other nominees: Juliet Stevenson — The Politician's Wife (Channel 4); Helen Mirren — Prime Suspect 4: The Lost Child (ITV); Geraldine James — Band of Gold (ITV)

Best Comedy (Programme or Series)

Winner: Father Ted (Hat Trick Productions / Channel 4)
Other nominees: Absolutely Fabulous (BBC / BBC1); Men Behaving Badly (Hartswood Films / BBC1); One Foot in the Grave (BBC / BBC1)

Best Comedy Performance

Winner: Martin Clunes — Men Behaving Badly (BBC1)
Other nominees: Joanna Lumley — Absolutely Fabulous (BBC1)

Best Drama Serial

Winner: The Politician's Wife (Channel 4)
Other nominees: Pride and Prejudice (BBC1); Band of Gold (ITV); The Hanging Gale (BBC)

Best Drama Series

Winner: Cracker (ITV)
Other nominees: All Quiet on the Preston Front (BBC); A Touch of Frost (ITV Productions / ITV); Prime Suspect 4: The Lost Child (ITV)

Best Single Drama

Winner: Persuasion (BBC / WGBH / BBC Films)
Other nominees: Eleven Men Against Eleven (Hat Trick Productions / Channel 4); Go Now (BBC); The Last Englishman (Tiger Aspect Productions / BBC)

Best News Coverage

Winner: Channel 4 News — Bosnian Genocide (ITN / Channel 4)
Other nominees: Newsnight — Peter Horrocks (BBC / BBC2)

Best Light Entertainment Performance

Winner: Rory Bremner — Rory Bremner - Who Else? (Channel 4)
Other nominees: Paul Merton — Have I Got News for You (BBC2)

Best Factual Series

Winner: Wise Up (Carlton Productions / Channel 4)

Flaherty Award for Single Documentary

Winner: The Betrayed — Russian Invasion of Chechnya (October Films / Channel 4)
Other nominees: Anne Frank Remembered (Anne Frank House / Walt Disney Pictures / BBC); The Dying Rooms (Lauderdale Productions / Channel 4)

Huw Wheldon Award for Arts Programme or Series

Winner: Children of the Revolution (David Hinton / John Wyver)
Other nominees: Arena (BBC / BBC2)

Light Entertainment Programme or Series

Winner: The Mrs Merton Show (Granada Television / BBC1)
Other nominees: Have I Got News for You (Hat Trick Productions / BBC2); Rory Bremner - Who Else? (Kudos Film & Television / Channel 4); Shooting Stars (BBC2)

Best Talk Show

Winner: Panorama (BBC / BBC1)
Other nominees: Clive Anderson Talks Back (Hat Trick Productions / Channel 4); Esther (BBC / BBC2); This Morning (Granada Television / ITV)

Best Sports / Events Coverage in Real Time

Winner: VE Day Coverage (??? / ???)

Foreign Programme Award

ER

The Lew Grade Award

Antiques Roadshow

The Dennis Potter Award

Roy Clarke

The Alan Clarke Award

Roy Battersby

The Richard Dimbleby Award

Jeremy Paxman

Special Awards

Camera Team, Survival

tag: ul


document_title: Karnataka Lokayukta

question_text: who is the lokayukta bill was introduced in the assembly by

text: Karnataka Lokayukta

text: Background[edit]

text: In 1966, a report by the Administrative Reforms Commission recommended the setting up of Lokpal at the federal level and Lokayukta in the states, for the redressal of citizen's grievances.[3] Therefore, Maharashtra established its Lokayukta in 1971. ￼￼ The Lokayukta Ordinance Act 1979, was excercised by D. Devaraj Urs, then Chief Minister of Karnataka, and the first Lokayukta to be appointed was then retired Chief Justice of Rajasthan High court, Justice C. Honniah. The same institution was abolished when R. Gundu Rao became the chief minister of Karnataka, after the demise of D. Devaraj Urs. The institution was again re introduced after Ramakrishna Hegde, became then Chief Minister of Karnataka, and introduced the Lokayukta and Upa Lokayukta Bill in the assembly as their 1983 election promise.[4] It came into force through the Karnataka Lokayukta Act, 1984. Then, Mysore State Vigilance Commission which formed in 1965 to investigate corruption cases in the state was abolished. The pending cases before the commission was transferred to the newly formed Lokayukta.[5][1] It had two jurisdictions: to investigate corruption and to probe government inaction.[6]

text: Lokayukta[edit]

text: Appointment and powers[edit]

text: As per the Karnataka Lokayukta Act, 1984, a person appointed the Lokayukta (the institution and its head bearing the same names), who either held the office of a Judge of the Supreme Court of India or that of the Chief Justice of a High Court of India. The Act was amended in 2015, according to which any person who has held the post of judge of the High court for a period of ten years can be appointed as Lokayukta and five years in case of Upa Lokayukta.[1] The Lokayukta is appointed by the Governor of Karnataka on advice of Chief Minister of Karnataka in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court of Karnataka, the Chairman of Karnataka Legislative Council, the Speaker of Karnataka Legislative Assembly, the Leader of the Opposition in the Karnataka Legislative Council and the Leader of the Opposition in the Karnataka Legislative Assembly.[1] The Lokayukta has the power to investigate cases in relation to the Chief Minister, all other Ministers and Members of the State Legislature and all state government employees.[1]

text: The Lokayukta, through Bureau of Investigation, its police wing,[7] had derived its investigating powers from the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.[8] Upon the formation of the Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) in 2016, these powers were taken away. The powers now remain to giving directions to the ACB to investigate a case that the former finds sufficient evidence for, under section 15(3) of the Lokayukta Act, 1984. It is mandatory to for the ACB to follow these directions, and Lokayukta holds powers to sue the former if it does not.[9] Criticism was directed at the government of Karnataka after it took away the investigative powers from the Lokayukta and having given it to the ACB which functions directly under its supervision. Also, the Lokayukta remains an independent body while the ACB reports to the Chief Secretary of the State.[10][11]

text: Former Lokayuktas[edit]

text: The term of office of the Lokayukta is five years and former Lokayuktas listed below:[12]

text:
Name

Term

A. D. Koshal

January 1986–1991

Rabindranath Pyne

1991–1996

Abdul Hakim

1996–2001

N. Venkatachala

2 July 2001–2006

Santosh Hegde

3 August 2006–2 August 2011

Shivaraj Patil

3 August 2011–19 September 2011

Y. Bhaskar Rao

14 February 2013–8 December 2015

P. Vishwanatha Shetty

28 January 2017–present

text: Justice A. D. Koshal, a retired Judge of the Supreme Court was appointed the first Lokayukta and took charge in January 1986.[13] Justice N. Venkatachala was appointed as the Lokayukta in June 2001[14] taking office a month later.[15] It was during his tenure that the institution gained popularity in that he was "known for bringing the lokayukta to people's doorstep". He would reportedly walk from door to door coaxing people to file complaints.[16] He was called a "one-man army against the corrupt bureaucracy" by former Chief Justice of India M. N. Venkatachaliah.[17]

text: Justice Santosh Hegde took charge in August 2006 before resigning from the position in June 2010 owing to political interference from the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government.[18] However, he withdrew the resignation a few days later upon being asked to reconsider by senior BJP leader L. K. Advani.[19] Upon completion of his term in August 2011, Justice Shivaraj Patil took over. He resigned next month after a controversy broke out over allotment of housing sites in 1994 for his wife and him allegedly in violation of the Bangalore city by-laws, while maintaining his innocence that.[20] Justice Y. Bhaskar Rao, who took charge after more than two years, also resigned from the position after charges of running an extortion ring in the Lokayukta institution were directed against his son and him.[21] After the post remained vacant for more than year, Justice P. Vishwanatha Shetty was appointed in January 2017.[22]

text: Investigation[edit]

text: In 2011, Santosh Hegde submitted a report on illegal mining in the state which reported loss of Rs 160.85 billion to the state.[23] This report exposed the biggest mining scam in India.[24] This report led to the resignation of B. S. Yeddyurappa, then Chief Minister of Karnataka, from the post.[25]


document_title: Amendments to the Constitution of Pakistan

question_text: what is 22nd amendment in constitution of pakistan

text: This is a list of all the amendments to the Pakistan Constitution which have been passed by Parliament.

text:
#
Amendments

Proposal date
Enactment date
Full text

1st
Redefined the boundaries of Pakistan and removed references to East Pakistan.

May 4, 1974
Full Text

2nd
Defined a Muslim and declared the status of Ahmadis as minority and 'non-Muslim'.

September 7, 1974
Full Text

3rd
Extended the period of preventive detention.

February 18, 1975
Full Text

4th
Decreed additional seats for minorities, it also deprived courts of the power to grant bail to any person detained under any preventive detention.

November 21, 1975
Full Text

5th
Widened the scope of restriction on the High Courts.

September 5, 1976
Full Text

6th
Provided that Chief Justice of Supreme Court will be retired at the age of 65 and High Court judges at age 62.

December 22, 1976
Full Text

7th
Enables the Prime Minister to obtain a vote of confidence of the people of Pakistan.

May 16, 1977
Full Text

8th
Changed Pakistan's government from a Parliamentary system to a Semi-presidential system by giving the President a number of additional powers.

November 11, 1985
Full Text

9th
Bill to impose Shariah law as the supreme law of land. The bill was passed by Senate but could never be passed by National Assembly owing to the latter's dissolution.

1985
Full Text

10th
Fixed the interval period between sessions of the National Assembly to not exceed 130 days.

March 29, 1987
Full Text

11th
Revision of the reserved seats for women in the National and the provincial assemblies. The bill was withdrawn in 1992.

1989
Full Text

12th
Created Speedy Trial Court for 3 years.

1991
Full Text

13th
Stripped the President of Pakistan of his reserve power to dissolve the National Assembly of Pakistan, and thereby triggering new elections and dismissing the Prime Minister.

1997
Full Text

14th
Allowed members of parliament to be dismissed if they defect.

July 3, 1997
Full Text

15th
Bill to impose Shariah law as supreme law of land. Was never passed.

1998
Full Text

16th
Increased the term appointed for quota system as per 1973 Constitution from 20 to 40 years.

1999
Full Text

17th
Made changes dealing with the office of the President and the reversal of the effects of the Thirteenth Amendment.

2003
Full Text

18th
Removed the power of President of Pakistan to dissolve the Parliament unilaterally.

April 8, 2010
Full Text

19th
Provided for the appointment of the Judges of the Supreme Court of Pakistan and made amendments in the number of members of the parliamentary committee for the appointment of Chief Electoral Officers at Election Commission of Pakistan.

December 22, 2010
Full Text

20th
For Free and Fair Elections.[1]

February 14, 2012
Full Text

21st
For Speedy Trial Military Courts to deal with terrorism.

January 7, 2015
Full Text

22nd
ECP powers deputed to Chief Election Commissioner [2]

June 7, 2016


document_title: Area code 319

question_text: where is area code 319 located in the united states

text: Area code 319

text: Area code 319 is a telephone area code for southeastern and east-central Iowa.   (The map to the right is clickable; click on any of the area codes on the map to go to the area code for that region.)

text: Currently, major cities in the 319 code include Burlington, Cedar Falls, Cedar Rapids, Oelwein, Fort Madison, Iowa City, Keokuk, Mount Pleasant, and Waterloo.

text: Despite its relatively modest population, Iowa was assigned three area codes when the area code system was implemented in 1947, one for each third of the state.  319 covered the eastern third, and stretched along the entire border with Wisconsin and Illinois.  By the end of the 20th century, it was felt that the 319 code was running out of available numbers due to the increase in mobile devices, lines for computer equipment, FAX machines, and other services.  In late 2000 it was announced that a new 563 area code would be assigned to northeastern Iowa.  Cell phone service providers hoped that it would be an overlay since it would not require reprogramming of cell phones.

text: However, overlays were still a relatively new concept at the time, and met with considerable resistance due to the requirements for 10-digit dialing and mixing of area codes within the same area.  In the end, it was decided that a geographic split would be employed.  As a result, the northeastern portion of the old 319 territory, including Bettendorf, Clinton, Davenport, Decorah, Dubuque and Eldridge, was shifted to the new 563 area code.  The new code became operational in March 2001, and became mandatory in December 2001.


document_title: The Magnificent Seven (2016 film)

question_text: who played the indian in the magnificent seven

text: The Magnificent Seven (2016 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1879, robber baron Bartholomew Bogue (Peter Sarsgaard) besieges the mining town of Rose Creek and slaughters a group of locals led by Matthew Cullen (Matt Bomer) when they attempt to stand up to him. Matthew's wife, Emma Cullen (Haley Bennett), and her friend Teddy Q. (Luke Grimes) ride to the nearest town in search of someone who can help them and come upon warrant officer Sam Chisolm (Denzel Washington) of Wichita, Kansas, who initially declines their proposal until he learns of Bogue's involvement.

text: Chisolm sets out to recruit a group of gunslingers who can help him, starting with gambler Joshua Faraday (Chris Pratt). They are later joined by sharpshooter Goodnight Robicheaux (Ethan Hawke), knife-wielding Billy Rocks (Lee Byung-hun), notorious Mexican outlaw Vasquez (Manuel Garcia-Rulfo), skilled tracker Jack Horne (Vincent D'Onofrio), and Comanche warrior Red Harvest (Martin Sensmeier).

text: Arriving in Rose Creek, the seven engage in a gunfight with Bogue's enforcer McCann (Cam Gigandet) and his men, shoot dead 22 of them, and drive the corrupt sheriff away with a warning to leave Rose Creek alone. Surmising that Bogue and his forces will return in a week, the seven train the townspeople to defend their home and grow fond of them. Robicheaux, haunted by the horrors of the Civil War and afraid to kill again, abandons the group and is replaced by Cullen.

text: Bogue arrives with an army of mercenaries and attacks the city, which has been rigged with multiple bombs and traps. A massive shootout ensues, during which Robicheaux rejoins the group. McCann shoots and wounds Faraday but is killed by Vasquez. Bogue then unveils his secret weapon, a Gatling gun, with which he decimates the town and kills many of both sides. Realizing they are outgunned, the seven evacuate the townspeople and mount their last stand. Horne is killed by Bogue's Comanche assassin Denali (Jonathan Joss), who is later killed by Red Harvest.

text: Robicheaux and Rocks are killed by a second round of gunfire as they cover the mortally wounded Faraday's charge to the Gatling gun, which he destroys by detonating a stick of dynamite, killing himself and the rest of Bogue's men. Bogue flees into town, where he is confronted by Chisolm, who disarms and wounds Bogue. As Chisolm is strangling Bogue, he reveals that Bogue and his men raped and murdered his mother and sisters during a raid several years earlier, in which he himself survived being hanged. Bogue tries to shoot Chisholm with a gun hidden in his boot, but Cullen guns him down just in time.

text: In the aftermath, Faraday, Robicheaux, Rocks and Horne are buried in town and honoured by the people of Rose Creek as heroes, while Chisolm, Vasquez, and Red Harvest ride off. The film ends with Cullen remarking that their heroism made them "magnificent" legends.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Denzel Washington as Sam Chisolm, a United States Marshal warrant officer from Wichita, Kansas, and leader of the Seven. The counterpart of Chris Adams (Yul Brynner) from the original film.
Chris Pratt as Joshua Faraday, a gambler with a fondness for explosives and card tricks. The counterpart of Vin Tanner (Steve McQueen) from the original film.
Ethan Hawke as Goodnight Robicheaux, a former Confederate soldier and sharpshooter who is haunted by his past. The counterpart of Lee (Robert Vaughn) from the original film.
Vincent D'Onofrio as Jack Horne, a very religious tracker and mountain man. The counterpart of Bernardo (Charles Bronson) from the original film.
Byung-hun Lee as Billy Rocks, a Korean immigrant and companion of Robicheaux and assassin who uses knives. The counterpart of Britt (James Coburn) from the original film.
Manuel Garcia-Rulfo as Vasquez, a Mexican outlaw who has been on the run for several months. The counterpart of Harry Luck (Brad Dexter) from the original film.
Martin Sensmeier as Red Harvest, an exiled Comanche warrior and the youngest of the Seven. The counterpart of Chico (Horst Buchholz) from the original film.

text:
Haley Bennett as Emma Cullen, a young widow who hires the Seven. The counterpart of Hilario (Jorge Martínez de Hoyos) and Petra (Rosenda Monteros) from the original film.
Peter Sarsgaard as Bartholomew Bogue, a corrupt industrialist. The counterpart of Calvera (Eli Wallach) from the original film.
Luke Grimes as Teddy Q, Emma's friend who helps her hire the Seven.
Matt Bomer as Matthew Cullen, Emma's farmer husband who is murdered by Bogue.
Jonathan Joss as Denali, an exiled Comanche warrior who works with Bogue.
Cam Gigandet as McCann, Bogue's right-hand-man.
Sean Bridgers as Fanning
Billy Slaughter as Josiah
Mark Ashworth as The Preacher, the parish priest of Rose Creek. The counterpart of The Old Man (Vladimir Sokoloff) from the original film.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text:
When I first said yes, it was on my mind. Absolutely. But once you go in, you just go in. You just say, "OK, I'm going do it and make my version of it." My big lesson so far is that when you do that you have to respect the film's DNA and you have to respect certain elements of the film because when you respect that you're respecting the people that love the film. Sometimes when people see movies they take whatever is going on in their life into the movie theater. And if the movie affects them a certain way, if you don't give them at least that feeling again or that idea again — even if it's done in a different package — then it's difficult to satisfy them. On Magnificent Seven, I kept reminding myself of when I was a 12‑year‑old boy, when I was a kid watching it with my grandmother, what was the feeling I had? How much fun was it? How cool were they? For me, I always had my grandmother in my mind when making a film. Would she enjoy this film?.

—Director Antoine Fuqua on his approach to the remake.[5]

tag: div

text: Fuqua has loved Western films since he was a young boy, watching them at home with his family. He discovered the genre at the age of 12 and has said that his grandmother was a key influence and inspiration in the remake.[5][6][7] The two of them had a penchant for Western films and would watch them together, including films such as Duel in the Sun (1946), Shane (1953) The Searchers (1956), The Magnificent Seven (1960), and The Wild Bunch (1969), and the movies of Steve McQueen, Yul Brynner, James Cagney, and Humphrey Bogart.[6][8][9] Fuqua tried to stay true to the DNA of Seven Samurai in his remake.[7] The film was reported to be in the planning stages in 2012, with Tom Cruise starring. It was reported that Kevin Costner, Morgan Freeman, and Matt Damon might join the film.[10] In early 2014, MGM chairman Gary Barber and his cohorts approached Fuqua to read the script by Richard Wenk and Nic Pizzolatto, while Fuqua was making Southpaw.[11] Fuqua said he wanted to remake the film because the subject of tyranny and terrorism still prevails as it did in Seven Samurai. He has said that there is therefore a strong need for people to come and serve, which is what samurai means – "to serve."[12] Fuqua never thought of getting a chance to direct a Western film, and when MGM called him to helm the picture, he hesitated at first, recalling how amazing he thought Seven Samurai and its director, Kurosawa, were. The decision was not easy for him, citing for example of how many people are unaware that Scarface was a remake from the film of the same name released in 1932.[9]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Fuqua worked to create a diverse cast[13] by incorporating actors of color such as African-American Denzel Washington, Korean Byung-hun Lee and Mexican Manuel Garcia-Rulfo, as well as a woman (Haley Bennett).[14] It is a decision Fuqua says reflects historical reality more than it does any conscious attempt to update the story. "There were a lot of black cowboys, a lot of Native Americans; Asians working on the railroads. The truth of the West is more modern than the movies have been."[15] When Fuqua met studio executives to see the possible actors for the film, he found out that they were all white. He found this to be problematic and wanted instead to make the cast diverse so that the audience could identify with more of the characters.[16] The actors were cast between December 2014 and July 2015.[17][18][19][20] At one point, Jason Momoa was in talks to join the project but had had to leave because he was already booked to play Aquaman.[21] The cast were put through cowboy training before filming commenced.[6] They were sent to boot camps in order to hone their skills.[16] Fuqua further brought the remake up-to-date by changing the names and occupations of the seven, casting a diverse set of actors and making sure the lead female Emma Cullen, played by Haley Bennett, did not conform to stereotypes.[16]

text: Denzel Washington plays Sam Chisolm ("the Bounty Hunter"), a duly sworn warrant officer from Wichita, Kansas who goes after bad guys.[22] Washington's character was renamed from Chris Adams (played by Yul Brynner in the original film) to Sam Chisolm.[23] It is Washington's first Western film.[24] Washington did not watch Western films growing up since it was the end of the Western era in the movies. Moreover, he and his siblings were barred from going to the cinema since his father was a minister in a church. They instead grew up watching biblical films like King of Kings and The Ten Commandments. However, he has admitted seeing portions of Rawhide and Bonanza shows.[12][24] He did not watch the original film in preparation for this but has watched Seven Samurai.[24] This was an arbitrary decision of his, since he figured that watching the original film would not help him much, "[Not seeing it] allowed me to do whatever I wanted to do. Instead of trying not to do what someone else did."[25][26] As with his previous films, Washington would start off the day by kneeling down and praying, asking for forgiveness for all his wrong-doings, "For me, this is more than just making movies. It is a platform."[12] Fuqua said that Washington, whom he has twice collaborated with, was his first choice to be cast irrespective of which role. The producers were skeptical whether he would take the job since it was a Western film. Fuqua then flew to New York City to negotiate with Washington, who accepted the offer.[5][8]

text: Chris Pratt plays Josh Faraday ("the Gambler").[27] According to Pratt, Faraday is "a bit of a fox, a trickster. He's a gambler, a drinker. He loves the ladies. But he's deadly in a fire fight."[22] Like Washington, it is also Pratt's first Western film and the first film in which the two have starred together.[24] Pratt began watching Western films at the age of 31 while filming in London and would watch films like The Westerner (1940). He credits Gary Cooper for revitalizing his perspective towards Western films.[12][24] Pratt's character was the toughest to find. Fuqua was well aware of Pratt's penchant towards Western films. He and his team then approached Pratt who called back in a few days singing "Oh Shenandoah," to which Fuqua replied, "He's it. He's Steve McQueen."[5]

text: Ethan Hawke is Goodnight Robicheaux ("the Sharpshooter"), a former Confederate soldier. Fuqua had one idea – to keep picturing Goodnight as if Christopher Walken's character Nikanor "Nick" Chevotarevich in The Deer Hunter was a Civil War veteran; just a shattered person.[28] Hawke was the first person to come on board after the project was finalized.[11] Like Washington, The Magnificent Seven marks the third collaboration between Hawke and Fuqua after Training Day (2001) and Brooklyn's Finest (2009).[28] Hawke stumbled upon Fuqua and Washington during the New York premiere of The Equalizer in 2014 and, upon learning that a remake was in the works, he asked Fuqua to cast him in the film.[28]

text: Manuel Garcia-Rulfo plays Vasquez ("the Outlaw"), a bandit, robber, and criminal who has been on the run for several months. He does not have anything to lose because he has no family. He describes his character as someone who loves gunfighting.[29]

text: Martin Sensmeier plays Red Harvest ("the Warrior"), a native Comanche who joins the group.[27][29] Sensmeier auditioned several times in order to get the role. He stayed off social media and studied intently in order to portray his part.[13] Scotty Augere, who previously worked on Dances with Wolves, taught Sensmeier how to ride a horse bareback and would ride with him two hours a day.[13]

text: Vincent d'Onofrio was cast as Jack Horn, ("the Mountain Man"), on the urging of co-stars Chris Pratt and Ethan Hawke.[30] For the role, d'Onofrio developed a raw, high-pitched voice to give the impression of a man who'd lived in the wilderness for years without speaking to people, and, when he wanted to test the voice for Fuqua, the director refused to listen, instructing the actor to surprise him with it in his first scene, which resulted in a delighted Fuqua laughing so hard that he almost ruined the scene by interfering with the sound recording.[31]

text: Byung-hun Lee plays Billy Rocks, ("the Assassin") the knife wielding Asian member of the seven. Director Antoine Fuqua compared the way he handled his knives to a ballet dancer.

text: Music[edit]

text: James Horner was tapped to write the film's score, but he died in June 2015, before filming could commence. In July 2015, Fuqua learned that Horner had already begun working on the music before his passing, and had intended to present it as a surprise.[32] Horner's friend and score producer Simon Franglen co-composed the score afterward. It was released on September 16, 2016 by Sony Classical, and is the third Horner-score released posthumously.[33]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography on the film lasted 64 days, from March 18 to August 18, 2015, in the north of Baton Rouge, Louisiana.[34][35][36] Other locations include St. Francisville; Zachary, Louisiana; Ridgway, Colorado; and New Mexico.[11][35][36] Filming in St. Francisville was completed between May 18 and May 29, 2015.[37]

text: The climactic battle between the Seven and a small army led by Bogue took three weeks to shoot; the weather was inclement.[11] Sometimes the cast and crew would wait in the on-set saloon for storms to pass, and, at times when the storm would worsen, the trailer would rock and they would have to leave the set.[11] Since his grandmother was the prime influence on the film, every day after filming, Fuqua would ask himself if she would have fun watching it.[6]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film had its world premiere at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2016,[38][39] and served as the closing-night film at the Venice Film Festival on September 9, 2016.[40] The film was originally set to be released on January 13, 2017;[41] however in February 2016, Sony Pictures Entertainment moved the release date this time from January 13, 2017, and then to September 23, 2016.[42]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Sony kicked off its campaign on April 20, 2016, by launching the first trailer,[43] and the cast took to their social media platforms to reveal character-by-character.[44] Television advertisement began during the summer when the trailers were paired with the NBA finals and BET Awards as well as the 2016 Summer Olympics. Sony rounded out the campaign with a presence in live sporting events such as National Football League, NCAA Football and local Major League Baseball as well as highly anticipated fall premieres and original programming, like Empire, The Voice, American Horror Story, Fear the Walking Dead and Designated Survivor.[44]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Magnificent Seven grossed $93.4 million in the United States Canada and $68.9 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $162.4 million, against a net production budget of $90 million.[3] The film had a global 2D IMAX opening of $4.3 million from 606 theaters.[45]

text: North America[edit]

text: In the United States and Canada, The Magnificent Seven opened alongside Storks, and was projected to open to around $30 million, with some estimates going as high as $50 million, which would make it one of the biggest September debuts of all-time.[46][47][48][49] The film opened in 3,674 theaters, including having the benefit of playing in all IMAX theaters for one week and a number of premium large formats and D-Box screens.[50] It made $1.75 million from Thursday previews and $12.7 million on its first day.[51][52] The film went on to gross $35.7 million in its opening weekend of which $2.9 million came from 372 IMAX theaters and managed to top the box office and scored the third biggest Western openers (not accounting for inflation), behind Rango ($38.1 million) and Cowboys & Aliens ($36.4 million).[53] It is also director Fuqua's second biggest opening and Washington's third biggest.[54]

text: According to The Los Angeles Times, the film was released in theaters at a time when the Western genre had been struggling to attract wide audiences and accrue lucrative revenues, as it has shown considerable downfall in interest among patrons since the 1970s. The genre has had several recent box office flops such as The Lone Ranger (2013) and Cowboys & Aliens (2011), but has also found success in films like Django Unchained (2012) and True Grit (2010).[47] Its strong debut in North America was partly attributed to the presence of Denzel Washington, who industry analysts say is one of only a handful of movie stars today who consistently draws large audiences to theaters,[55] and also to Fuqua's direction.[56] Deadline.com pointed out that the production budget of films also plays an important role in determining a film's success. By comparison to other recent Western films, The Magnificent cost $90 million to make before promotion and marketing costs are included. The site pointed out that "the trick is keeping their budgets reasonable", unlike The Lone Ranger which cost a hefty $215 million to make and Cowboys & Aliens cost $163 million.[54] It became a financial recoverer for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer after the studio lost a great deal of money with Ben-Hur the previous month and became the studio's second hit of the year following the sleeper hit Me Before You released in June this year.[57]

text: Outside North America[edit]

text: The film was projected to make around $100 million with foreign box office prognosticators expecting a similar $101.6 million total of The Hateful Eight.[45][54] It was released in South Korea (the first market worldwide) on September 14, 2016 and delivered an opening of $5.1 million, finishing in third place at the box office behind local film The Age of Shadows and Hollywood tent pole Ben-Hur.[58] Internationally, it next opened in the United Kingdom and Ireland, Germany, Spain, and Russia.[48] The following weekend, the film expanded to 62 markets and grossed $19.2 million from 63 markets (including Korea). IMAX made up $1.4 million from 234 theaters.[45]

text: It opened in first place in Russia ($1.8 million) Spain ($1.1 million) and Malaysia ($560,000) and second in the United Kingdom and Ireland ($2.6 million), Germany ($1.4 million) and Brazil ($1.1 million),[45] and had similar openings in Australia ($2.8 million) and France ($1.9 million).[59] China is not yet determined.[45]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The Magnificent Seven received mixed reviews, with critics praising the cast but noting the film did not offer much that is original or innovative.[60] On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 63%, based on 257 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Magnificent Seven never really lives up to the superlative in its title – or the classics from which it draws inspiration – but remains a moderately diverting action thriller on its own merits."[61] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a score of 54 out of 100, based on 50 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[62] According to CinemaScore polls, audiences gave the film an average "A–" grade, on an A+ to F scale.[63]

text: IGN critic Terri Schwartz gave the film a 6.7/10 and summarized her review with: "The Magnificent Seven ends up being a bit too predictable to reach its full potential, but the fun the cast clearly had making it allows the movie to be an enjoyable ride while it lasts. Fuqua does his best to update the Western for the modern audience, but doesn't capture what made those films great in the process. The action is big and sleek, the characters are charismatic and the film looks beautiful, but this won't be a movie that stays with you long after you leave the theater.[64]

text: Chicago Sun-Times' Richard Roeper praised the film by giving a score of 3 stars out of 4, writing: "Over all  [sic], this is a rousing, albeit sometimes cheesy, action-packed Western bolstered by Denzel Washington’s baddest-of-the-baddasses lead performance, mostly fine supporting work, and yep, some of the most impressively choreographed extended shootout sequences in recent memory."[65]

text: James Berardinelli of Reelviews gave a score of 2 stars out of 4, writing: "The original The Magnificent Seven found a perfect balance between moments of grand triumph and the understated, solemn denouement. This The Magnificent Seven has the dour ending without the high points preceding it. With two better versions of this story readily available, why bother with this mediocre re-telling? 'Currently recognizable actors' hardly seems like a good justification."[66]

text: MTV's Amy Nicholson decried the film, writing: "Fuqua’s made two clean piles separating good and evil, and in doing so, he’s thrown away the film’s point. Now we can trade our conscience for a bucket of popcorn. Today’s The Magnificent Seven is just another superhero flick that spends half its running time assembling a band of bulletproof daredevils. Which makes sense — the original inspired The Avengers, which published its first comic three years after it was a hit."[67]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three out of four stars, saying, "The new Seven isn't aiming for cinema immortality. It's two hours of hardcore, shoot-em-up pow and it's entertaining as hell."[68]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

Alliance of Women Film Journalists
December 21, 2016
Remake or Sequel That Shouldn't Have Been Made
The Magnificent Seven
Nominated
[69]
[70]

Black Reel Awards
February 16, 2017
Outstanding Actor
Denzel Washington
Nominated
[71]

Outstanding Director
Antoine Fuqua
Nominated

Jupiter Awards
March 29, 2017
Best International Film
The Magnificent Seven
Nominated
[72]

Best International Actor
Denzel Washington
Won

Saturn Awards
June 28, 2017
Best Action or Adventure Film
The Magnificent Seven
Nominated
[73]

Teen Choice Awards
July 31, 2016
Choice Movie Actor: AnTEENcipated
Chris Pratt
Nominated
[74]


document_title: Cheaper by the Dozen 2

question_text: who plays elliot in cheaper by the dozen 2

text: Cheaper by the Dozen 2

text: Plot[edit]

text: Two years after Tom Baker resigned from his head coaching position, the Baker family begins to undergo many changes, beginning with Lorraine and her desire to study in New York. Their oldest daughter Nora is now married to Bud McNulty and heavily pregnant with their first child. They intend to move to Houston because of Bud's new job promotion.

text: Feeling the family is breaking apart as the children grow up and move away, Tom persuades the entire family to take one last family vacation all together at Lake Winnetka. Tom's old rival Jimmy Murtaugh and his large family (with "only" eight kids) are also there for the summer. Jimmy constantly flaunts his wealth and success to Tom, as well as the accomplishments of his children, often suggesting to Tom that the Baker children are less successful because of Tom's parenting style. The Baker kids get into many incidents, several of which are accidental: Mark Baker, along with Kenny Murtaugh, crashes into a tennis court with a golf cart; Sarah Baker is caught shoplifting in a gift shop, and Mark accidentally sets off a backpack of fireworks, causing widespread panic, especially when the backpack is thrown into a boat, igniting its engine and causing it to explode.

text: Jimmy again starts the topic that Tom needs to use a firmer hand on his kids. Tom is angered by this, and they decide to settle the matter at the Annual Labor Day Family Cup. Tom trains the kids for days, not realizing they are miserable. Sarah and Elliot Murtaugh watch Ice Age together, but are spied on by their fathers, which ultimately results in them getting into an argument and humiliating their children. Upon returning home, Sarah is furious and refuses to compete for her father in the Cup. Everyone, including Kate, is angry with Tom, not only for spying on Sarah, but also for ruining the entire trip through his competitiveness with the Murtaughs.

text: The next morning, Tom goes to the Cup to compete with Nigel and Kyle (the only two still willing to go). However, after discovering an old "Team Baker" flag, Kate and the rest of the family show up, showing they forgive Tom and are willing to compete. After the events, however, the Bakers and the Murtaughs are tied for first; a tiebreaking canoe race is announced, in which every family member must compete. During the race, Nora's water breaks; the Murtaughs want to help, but Jimmy, sensing the opportunity to defeat Tom once and for all, initially refuses to help. Eventually, the Murtaughs convince Jimmy that they should help the Bakers, and the Bakers and the Murtaughs work together to get Nora to the hospital as she goes into labor. Bud, Lorraine and Kate go with Nora in the delivery room, while Tom, Jimmy, Sarina and the rest of the kids stay in the waiting room. While talking to Jimmy, Tom realizes that he has to let his kids grow, but wherever they go, they will always be with him, and he will always be with them. Nora then gives birth to a baby boy who she and Bud name Tom in honor of her father, who has shown them "there is no way to be a perfect parent, but a million ways to be a really good one." Bud announces that they have bought "The Big House", the vacation home that the Bakers have been renting. Nora, Bud and baby Tom leave for Houston a few days later while the Bakers continue their vacation at Lake Winnetka.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Steve Martin as Tom Baker
Bonnie Hunt as Kate Baker
Piper Perabo as Nora Baker-McNulty
Tom Welling as Charlie Baker
Hilary Duff as Lorraine Baker
Kevin G. Schmidt as Henry Baker
Alyson Stoner as Sarah Baker
Jacob Smith as Jake Baker
Forrest Landis as Mark Baker
Morgan York as Kimberly Baker
Liliana Mumy as Jessica Baker
Blake Woodruff as Mike Baker
Shane Kinsman as Nigel Baker
Brent Kinsman as Kyle Baker
Jonathan Bennett as Bud McNulty
Eugene Levy as Jimmy Murtaugh
Carmen Electra as Sarina Murtaugh
Shawn Roberts as Calvin Murtaugh
Jaime King as Anne Murtaugh
Robbie Amell as Daniel Murtaugh
Melanie Tonello as Becky Murtaugh
Taylor Lautner as Eliot Murtaugh
Madison Fitzpatrick as Robin Murtaugh
Courtney Fitzpatrick as Lisa Murtaugh
Alexander Conti as Kenneth Murtaugh
Peter Keleghan as Mike
Ben Falcone and Kathryn Joosten as theater patrons
Director Adam Shankman (cameo) as the Clam Bake Chef
Producer Shawn Levy cameos as a hospital intern.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
"I Wish" – Stevie Wonder
"Graduation Day Song" – Joseph L. Altruda
"Mexicali Mondays" – Christopher Lightbody and Robert Steinmiller
"What If" – Gina Rene
"Martini Lounge" – David Sparkman
"Drinks on the House" – Daniel May
"Big Sky Lullaby" – Daniel May
"Someday" – Sugar Ray
"Express Yourself" – Jason Mraz
"Michael Finnegan" – Traditional
"Will the Circle Be Unbroken?" – Traditional
"Why Can't We Be Friends" – War
"Die Walküre" – Richard Wagner
"Theme from Jaws" – John Williams
"Miracles" - Insane Clown Posse
"Mallin" – Tree Adams
"Under Pressure" – Queen and David Bowie
"Music from Ice Age" – David Newman
"Madonna" – Madonna
"Sunday Morning" (acoustic version) – Maroon 5
"Bridal Chorus" – Richard Wagner

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Reviews for the film were overwhelmingly negative. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes ranked Cheaper by the Dozen 2 98th in the 100 worst reviewed films of the 2000s, with a rating of 6% based on 93 reviews of the film.[2] The site's consensus reads " A sequel to a remake, Cheaper 2 wastes its solid cast in scenes of over-the-top, predictable humor".[3] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 34 out of 100, based on 24 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[4]

text: Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert, gave the film one of its rare positive reviews, awarding it 3/4 stars and stating "As I watched this sequel, a certain good feeling began to make itself known. Yes, the movie is unnecessary. However, it is unnecessary at a higher level of warmth and humor than the recent remake Yours, Mine, and Ours." Ebert also highly praised Alyson Stoner's performance, favorably comparing the then-twelve year old actress to Reese Witherspoon.[5]

text: Calling the overall film "bland", Variety's Justin Chang agreed with Ebert on Stoner, calling her "an endearingly vulnerable standout" and deeming her subplot to be "the most engaging" in the film. Chang was also kind to Steve Martin, Bonnie Hunt and Eugene Levy, deeming the veteran actors did the best with what was given to them.[6] Marrit Ingman of the Austin Chronicle conceded that the film had a good message, and agreed that Hunt was "marvelous and down-to-earth" but ultimately felt that "the rest of the movie is as funny as mildew", found that "the product placement is particularly egregious" and thought that Hilary Duff looked "as tanned and raw as buffalo jerky".[7] Andrea Gronvall was also horrified by Duff's appearance while writing for the Chicago Reader, calling her "haggard" and "flat-out scary", and overall felt that there was "a discernible lack of enthusiasm from almost everyone involved", however singling out Carmen Electra for being "the most winning performer of the bunch".[8]

text: The film received two Razzie Award nominations including Worst Actress (Hilary Duff) and Worst Supporting Actor (Eugene Levy).[citation needed]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film grossed $9,309,387 million opening weekend, finishing in 4th place at the box office. By the end of its run, Cheaper by the Dozen 2 grossed $82,571,173 domestically and $46,610,657 internationally, totaling $129,181,830 worldwide. It is one of only twelve feature films to be released in over 3,000 theaters and still improve on its box office performance in its second weekend, increasing 55.6% from $9,309,387 to $14,486,519.[9]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The DVD was released on May 23, 2006. The Blu-ray was released on January 5, 2010. The DVD is two-sided and side B has an inside look previews of Flicka and Aquamarine.[citation needed]