document_title: List of Baywatch characters

question_text: who played matt brody on the original baywatch

text: List of Baywatch characters

text: Baywatch (1989–1990; 1991–1999)[edit]

text:
Mitch Buchannon (David Hasselhoff); (seasons 1–9) - in the 2017 Baywatch feature film, he is played by Dwayne Johnson.
Craig Pomeroy (Parker Stevenson); (season 1, recurring seasons 8–9); a lifeguard who had a part-time job as a lawyer.
Jill Riley (Shawn Weatherly); (season 1); was the most experienced female lifeguard on the service, she trained Shauni McClain on how to become a better lifeguard and was respected by all of her friends at Baywatch. She died from blood embolism caused by a shark attack.
Eddie Kramer (Billy Warlock); (seasons 1–3); Eddie began life on Baywatch as a teenager with a complicated background. Being an orphan, he learned from a very early age to defend himself – a theory that got him into trouble quite a few times while in his first year on Baywatch. He likes to keep himself fit and likes to box. This helps him in some situations. Eddie is homeless during this time and is helped out by fellow Lifeguard Craig Pomeroy (Parker Stevenson). Eddie eventually managed to secure a place of his own. He developed a relationship with Shauni McClain. They eventually married and moved to Australia.[1] In season 2, Billy was moved from a regular cast member to supporting lead, replacing Stevenson. He would remain there until his departure along with Erika in the beginning of Season 3. After his departure in 1992, Warlock explained his departure was voluntary as he had been unhappy with the direction Baywatch had taken. Warlock later reprised his character for one episode in the spin-off series, Baywatch Nights in 1996 and also in the 2003 television movie, Baywatch: Hawaiian Wedding.
Shauni McClain (Erika Eleniak); (seasons 1–3); Shauni was a complete rookie when she started out as a lifeguard with Baywatch, being scared of people drowning and freezing up when people needed CPR, she was put under the wing of experienced lifeguard Jill Riley, where she became confident in her abilities.In her time at Baywatch she fell for and married her long term colleague Eddie Kramer played by Billy Warlock. Their onscreen chemistry and romance became real for a time. Erika Eleniak played in 44 episodes of the first and second seasons, and first two episodes of the third season, she was the show's female mainstay from 1989 until 1992. It was reported by both producers and Erika herself that her departure was due to her dislike for the direction the show was taking.
Trevor Cole (Peter Phelps); (season 1); Trevor Cole began life on Baywatch as a cocky and arrogant clubhouse lifeguard who, after a boat party that left his then girlfriend fighting for her life, realized how little about lifeguarding he actually knew. He decided to join Baywatch Rookie School where he passed top of his class. During his time as an L.A county lifeguard Cole made a number of preventions, earning the respect of his colleagues and those superior to him (including Mitch, who had previously disliked Cole for his amateur lifeguarding and his attitude towards the job). Towards the end of his stay at Baywatch there were hints of a romance between him and Jill Riley, but Cole was absent the day Jill died from a shark attack and Phelps left the show the episode later. All the while his disappearance was not addressed in the show. It's assumed that Cole went back home as he had previously expressed interest in returning to Sydney, Australia.
Hobie Buchannon (Brandon Call), season 1; and Jeremy Jackson, seasons 2–9); the son of Mitch Buchannon; he forms a romantic relationship with his long-time crush, Summer Quinn. His parents are divorced and his mom, Gayle appears in several episodes. According to Hasselhoff, the role almost went to Leonardo DiCaprio.[2]
Gayle Buchannon (Wendie Malick); (season 1, sporadically recurring afterwards) Mitch's former wife and lawyer who always struggled with the fact that Mitch was always on lifeguard duty 24 hours a day.
Don Thorpe (Monte Markham); (seasons 1–2)
Gina Pomeroy (Gina Hecht, pilot episode; and Holly Gagnier, season 1) Craig's loving and supporting wife.
Garner Ellerbee (Gregory Alan Williams); (seasons 1, 3–5, recurring seasons 2 and 8) A good friend of the lifeguards. A police officer who patrols the beach but hates the water. He appears in the 2017 Baywatch feature film, where he is played by Yahya Abdul-Mateen II.
John D. Cort (John Allen Nelson); (season 1, recurring seasons 2, 4–5) A former lifeguard who had a relationship with C.J. Parker who eventually succumbed to blindness. He often got Mitch in trouble with illegal money making schemes.
Harvey Miller (Tom McTigue); (season 2) A quiet, introverted lifeguard who often had lofty dreams.
Ben Edwards (Richard Jaeckel); (season 2, recurring seasons 3–4); Edwards was part of the first team of lifeguards at Baywatch (formed in the 1950s), known as 'The Red Knights'. He was the longest serving lifeguard at Baywatch and retired in 1994. Ben had a close relationship with Mitch Buchannon, and served as a mentor to him. Some time before the series started, Ben had crushed his hip when he jumped from a huge height to save a drowning fisherman. He was unable to swim after this injury and required the use of a walking cane. Captain Thorpe promoted Ben to lieutenant instead of firing him. He was eventually promoted to captain, after Thorpe's departure. The day he resigned, he made his final rescue when he jumped off a pier to save a young boy. He was then happy to 'go out on top'.
Kaye Morgan (Pamela Bach); (recurring seasons 2–3, 5–6). Pamela Bach portrayed two other characters in later seasons and also made an appearance as another character in the first season Baywatch Hawaii.
Roberta "Summer" Quinn (Nicole Eggert); (seasons 3–4); Summer and her mother, Jackie, moved to California to escape Jackie's abusive ex-boyfriend. They traveled across the country in their trailer and set up home in a local trailer park. Summer was a star athlete in her hometown winning many awards for swimming. Her mother's ex-boyfriend tracked them down and confronted Summer. When he began to get physical with her, Matt Brody stepped in and stopped him. This was the start of a long friendship between the two. Later, with the help of C.J. Parker, Summer overcame bulimia. Summer then left to pursue her education at a university. She is a main character in the 2017 Baywatch feature film, where she is played by Alexandra Daddario.
Matt Brody (David Charvet); (seasons 3–5, recurring season 6); Matt had a long-term relationship with Summer Quinn in the fourth season, and pursued a similar relationship with C.J. Parker in the fifth and sixth seasons. He was forced to resign because of a phony sexual harassment lawsuit filed by series 'bad girl,' Neely Capshaw, but was reinstated after the lawsuit proved to be false. After a while, Matt went back to France unable to cope with Neely's return. He eventually returned, but after going on a holiday with some members of the team, he was never seen again, which suggests he returned to France again. He is a main character in the 2017 Baywatch feature film, where he is played by Zac Efron.
Casey Jean "C.J." Parker (Pamela Anderson); (seasons 3–7) A strong dedicated lifeguard who is also the object of desire from several men on the beach. Eventually left Baywatch and got married to a rock singer in Mexico, but unfortunately, it didn't last. She later opened up a Beach cafe in Hawaii and married one of her waiters Leonard. UGO.com voted C.J. Parker one of the top 10 blondes.[3] She is a main character in the 2017 Baywatch feature film, where she is played by Kelly Rohrbach.
Jimmy Slade (Kelly Slater); (season 3, recurring season 4); Jimmy Slade was a main character during the third season and had a gift for surfing. He was constantly trying to become a professional surfer and had a romantic relationship with Summer Quinn. He had a very strict military father, whom he did not get along with, and a mother who abandoned him. Due to his family circumstances, he lived alone on the beach in his van. He eventually did break into the professional circuit and left Baywatch to move to Hawaii.
Stephanie Holden (Alexandra Paul); (seasons 3–6, recurring season 7); when Stephanie was seven years old, her father died in a helicopter crash in Vietnam. This affected her deeply and she developed a huge fear of helicopters. Stephanie was eventually abandoned by her mother and was raised by her grandmother. She developed a romantic relationship with Mitch Buchannon, and the two became very serious. The relationship ended abruptly when Stephanie left Mitch without explanation (she was married). Stephanie and Mitch eventually got over their differences and formed a strong friendship. She dies in season 7 from a lightning strike while at sea. Paul later reprised her role as the late Stephanie in a second-season episode of the spin-off series, Baywatch Nights in 1997. This scene was a near-death hallucination by Mitch. In 2003, Paul played a Stephanie doppelganger named Alison Ford in the TV-movie, Baywatch: Hawaiian Wedding. She appears in the 2017 Baywatch feature film, where she is played by Ilfenesh Hadera.
Jackie Quinn (Susan Anton); (recurring seasons 3–5); Summer's mother. She briefly dated Mitch.
Caroline Holden (Yasmine Bleeth); (seasons 5–7, recurring season 4 & 8) Stephanie's younger sister who is a determined girl but is also very stubborn especially when it comes to her love life.
Logan Fowler (Jaason Simmons); (seasons 5–6, recurring season 7); first appearance was in the season 5 premiere. The character had just recently arrived in California from Tasmania as part of a lifeguard exchange program. He had a reputation as being a top lifeguard in Australia but immediately began to cause problems once he arrived at Baywatch. He did not work well in a team or obey orders from his superiors, this caused him to clash with many of his fellow lifeguards, including Matt Brody and C.J. Parker. He also suffered from a childhood memory of watching his father, also a lifeguard, die in the line of duty while saving people from a burning boat, but was unable to escape himself before it exploded.
Cody Madison (David Chokachi); (seasons 6–9);[4] an aspiring Olympic swimmer sidelined by an irregular heartbeat. Mostly he is like a Tom Cruise of Baywatch, because of the women in Baywatch throwing themselves to him like he was a rock star. He had relationships with fellow lifeguards, C.J. Parker and Lani McKenzie. However both left him and got married.
Neely Capshaw (Heather Campbell (season 5); Gena Lee Nolin seasons 6–8; and Jennifer Campbell, recurring season 9);[5] Neely was the show's resident 'bad girl,' being in constant conflict with her fellow employees and her boss, Mitch Buchannon. She was re-made as a 'good girl' in season 7, and got her lifeguard re-certification after Mitch and Donna Marco (Donna D'Errico) learn of her saving an elderly heart attack victim with CPR following a botched drugstore robbery. Neely became romantically involved with Mitch and they eventually got married, after which she returned to her conniving ways. However, during the Baywatch reunion movie, Neely is last seen trying to get back together with Mitch.
Sheryl Whalen (Ingrid Walters); (recurring season 8–9)
Mike "Newmie" Newman (Michael Newman); (seasons 7–9, recurring seasons 1–6) Another one of Baywatch's longest surviving lifeguards. He played a caricature of himself and continued onto Baywatch: Hawaii.
Samantha Thomas (Nancy Valen); (season 7); was a lifeguard captain and had an elevated position at Baywatch headquarters. Occasionally got on Mitch's nerves and formed a relationship with him.
Manny Gutierrez (José Solano); (seasons 7–8, recurring season 9); Manny was one of the younger members of Baywatch. He was taken on permanently by Mitch Buchannon following an outstanding physical test. Manny was in a life-threatening accident and was in a wheelchair for a significant amount of time.
Donna Marco (Donna D'Errico); (seasons 7–8); D'Errico originally joined the cast of the spin-off series, Baywatch Nights midway through its first season in 1996. Her character became the new owner of the nightclub/bar, Nights, while aspiring to become a lifeguard at Baywatch. During the second season of Baywatch Nights, D'Errico also joined the cast of the parent series, Baywatch, simultaneously appearing on both series during the 1996–1997 season. After the cancellation of Baywatch Nights in 1997, she continued on the original Baywatch series for the 1997–1998 season.
Jordan Tate (Traci Bingham); (seasons 7–8)
Jack "J.D." Darius (Michael Bergin); (seasons 8–9); was one of the few characters to continue into the Baywatch Hawaii era and also appeared in the 2003 reunion movie, Baywatch: Hawaiian Wedding. A failed pier rescue by J.D. resulted in a victim getting crushed and dying in J.D.'s arms. Blaming himself for the death, he suffered PTSD and took time off to deal with it. He had relationships with fellow lifeguards Jessie, Kekoa and Leigh. But eventually got back with Kekoa.
Lani McKenzie (Carmen Electra); (season 8); a lifeguard who also had great dreams of becoming a famous dancer. She eventually left Baywatch to pursue her dancing career in Las Vegas, but was then hired by C.J. Parker as an entertainer for her beach cafe. Electra crossed-over her Baywatch character, Lani, to another series, Pacific Blue for one episode during the 1997–1998 season.
April Giminski (Kelly Packard); (seasons 8–9); the only female character to cross over between Season 8 & Season 9 after the rest of the female Baywatch cast were all let go during what was described as the "Baywatch Bloodbath".[citation needed]
Skylar Bergman (Marliece Andrada); (season 8) A blonde and skilled lifeguard who only appeared in a few episodes. She was a friend of Lani and April.
Taylor Walsh (Angelica Bridges); (season 8); Taylor was a lieutenant who replaced Mitch when he was promoted to Captain in 1997.[6]
Jessica "Jessie" Owens (Brooke Burns); (season 9); continued onto Baywatch: Hawaii: She first came to Baywatch as a cleaner, who occasionally made mistakes, but after the other lifeguards saw how talented she was in saving lives, she was added to the team.
Alex Ryker (Mitzi Kapture); (season 9); A former member of a rival lifeguard team called "Bayguard" but after their team were setting up their rescues, she quit and joined the Baywatch team.

text: Baywatch Nights (1995–97)[edit]

text:
Mitch Buchannon (David Hasselhoff); (seasons 1 & 2)
Garner Ellerbee (Gregory Alan Williams); (Season 1)
Ryan McBride (Angie Harmon); (seasons 1 & 2)
Destiny Desimone (Lisa Stahl); (recurring episodes 1–10)
Lou Raymond (Lou Rawls); (Season 1)
Griff Walker (Eddie Cibrian); (recurring episodes 11–44)
Donna Marco (Donna D'Errico); (recurring episodes 11–44)
Diamont Teague (Dorian Gregory); (Season 2)

text: Baywatch: Hawaii (1999–2001)[edit]

text:
Mitch Buchannon (David Hasselhoff); (season 1)
Jessica "Jessie" Owens (Brooke Burns); (season 1, recurring season 2)
Jack "J.D." Darius (Michael Bergin); (seasons 1–2)
Sean Monroe (Jason Brooks); (seasons 1–2); a dedicated lifeguard, who thinks that he is making a difference in the world with his job. Mitch chooses him to be in charge of Baywatch Hawaii. Despite Sean's emotional strength, he has his demons. He blames himself for the death of his son Ben whom he was unable to save from drowning, which led to a divorce from his wife. After taking a charge of Baywatch Hawaii, Sean successfully manages a good team of lifeguards.
Mike "Newmie" Newman (Michael Newman); (season 1, recurring season 2)
Dawn Masterson (Brandy Ledford); (season 1) ; Dawn was an archeologist and an expert in the human body, often testing experiments on herself that she learned in other countries. She is sometimes a bit of a gossip and her attitude sometimes makes her fall out with the other lifeguards but she is still an asset to the team.
Allie Reese (Simmone Jade Mackinnon); (season 1); An Australian lifeguard who was hired after Mitch had seen her in action on his Australian vacation. She is very good at handling lifeboats and is a qualified helicopter pilot.
Jason Ioane (Jason Momoa); (seasons 1–2); originally from Hawaii, Jason moved to Texas with his mother when he was very young after his father disappeared. At nineteen years old, he was the youngest of the lifeguards at Baywatch Hawaii. Jason found it hard to work as part of a team, being very headstrong. He was often cited as the best water person on the team. Jason was introduced to a wise Hawaiian man named Ko Lani, who helped put him in touch with his Hawaiian heritage, something that Jason became very passionate about. Eventually, he was accepted as one of the Hawaiian people and went through a traditional ceremony to mark it.
Kekoa Tanaka (Stacy Kamano), (seasons 1–2); half Japanese, half Hawaiian. She didn't get on with Jessie Owens at first because of her untidiness and thinking she was after her boyfriend J.D, but they gradually formed a friendship. However, after Jessie left J.D., Kekoa started a relationship with him herself.
Kai Colburn (Kala'i Miller); (recurring season 1)
Brian Keaulana ; as himself (seasons 1–2)
Jenna Avid (Krista Allen); (season 2, recurring season 1); Jenna was the series' femme fatale as Neely Capshaw was in the original series. She is an extremely selfish character and can be particularly vindictive, especially toward Sean Monroe, whom she taunts throughout the series. Eventually, however, the two fall in love.
Zachary "Zack" McEwan (Charlie Brumbly); (season 2); a close friend of Jason Ioane, Zach has an inflated opinion of himself. He sports an extreme quiff-style of surfer hair and Elvis-style aviator sunglasses and Hawaiian clothing.
Leigh Dyer (Brande Roderick); (season 2)
Carrie Sharp (Alicia Rickter); (Season 2) A rookie lifeguard who enjoyed her job at first, until she was pursued by a stalker which added to her leaving after finding how much pressure the job was starting to become.
Hideki Tanaka (Pat Morita); (recurring season 2); Kekoa's father, a wealthy Japanese business man with a high standard of living and morals.


document_title: Apple TV

question_text: when did apple tv 2nd generation come out

question_tokens: when did apple tv 2nd generation come out

root

text: Apple TV

text: History[edit]

text: 1st generation[edit]

text: Apple TV was unveiled as a work in progress called "iTV" on September 12, 2006 using a modified Front Row interface using the Apple Remote.[5][6] Apple started taking pre-orders for Apple TV on January 9, 2007. The name "iTV" was originally going to be used to keep it in line with the rest of their "i"-based products (iMac, iPod, etc.), but was not used because the British terrestrial broadcast network ITV holds the rights to the name in the UK and threatened to take legal action against Apple.[7]

tag: p

text: Apple TV started shipping on March 21, 2007 with a 40 GB hard disk.[8] Apple released a 160 GB HDD model on May 31, 2007; and ceased selling the 40 GB HDD version on September 14, 2009.[9]

text: On January 15, 2008, a major and free software upgrade was announced; this turned the Apple TV into a stand-alone device that no longer required a computer running iTunes on Mac OS X or Windows to stream or sync content to it, and making most of the Apple TV's hard disk redundant. The update allowed the device to rent and purchase content directly from iTunes Store, as well as download podcasts and stream photos from MobileMe (which was called .Mac at the time) and Flickr.[10]

text: On July 10, 2008, Apple released the iTunes Remote app on the App Store,[11] and the Apple TV 2.1 software update that added recognition for the iPhone and iPod Touch as remote control devices intended as a software alternative to the Apple Remote.[12] Later updates to the Apple TV, iTunes and Remote software added support for the iPad, and introduced support for new features as they were added to iTunes.

text: On September 9, 2015, Apple officially classified the first generation Apple TV as being obsolete/vintage which means that owners of first generation Apple TV will no longer be able to get service for their old devices after this date.[13]

text: In September 2017, with the release of iTunes 12.7, it is no longer possible to sync and stream with the first generation Apple TV, although it is not listed in the iTunes update release notes.[citation needed]

text: 2nd and 3rd generation[edit]

text: The second generation Apple TV was unveiled on September 1, 2010, and was the first to run on a variant of iOS.[14][15][16] The device was now housed in a very small all-black case, one-quarter the size of the original. The new model did away with an internal hard drive and had 8 GB internal flash storage, enough local storage for buffering purposes; all media was now streamed, instead of synced.[17] The new device could also stream rented content from iTunes and video from computers or iOS devices via AirPlay. All content is drawn from online or locally connected sources.

text: In July 2011, Apple discontinued the Front Row interface for Mac users.

text: In the March 7, 2012 presentation that mainly dealt with the third generation iPad, Apple CEO Tim Cook announced a third version of the Apple TV. The third generation Apple TV is externally identical to the second generation model and includes a single-core A5 processor. It also supports 1080p content from iTunes and Netflix.[18] On January 28, 2013, Apple released a third generation "Rev A" which included component changes.

text: On March 9, 2015, Apple reduced the price of the third generation (Rev A) Apple TV to $69.

text: On October 4, 2016, 9to5Mac reported that Apple had phased out the Apple TV 3, with Apple Store employees instructed to pull all units and demo units from store shelves. Shortly afterwards, Apple took down the purchase page for the Apple TV 3 from its website, with the link redirecting to the purchase page for the Apple TV 4.[19]

text: 4th and 5th generation[edit]

text: On September 9, 2015, Apple announced the fourth generation Apple TV, to ship in October 2015. It is the first major update to the platform since the release of the second generation Apple TV on September 1, 2010. Tim Cook took the stage and said "The future of TV is apps". He also stated that the Apple TV needed a modern OS. While matching the form factor of the 2nd and 3rd generation models, it is significantly taller. Featuring a new touch remote allowing swipe-to-select functionality instead of the old remote's arrow button, with integrated Siri support with a built in microphone and an accelerometer (IMU). The Siri button on the remote allows several functions, including searching across providers for content, accessing additional metadata, and video/audio controls.

text: The 4th generation also uses a new operating system, tvOS, with an associated app store, allowing download of third-party apps for video, audio, games, and other content – initially from a limited range of providers on release, with others able to release further apps using new APIs allowing them to do so. A requirement of these apps and games is that they all must include interfacing with the new touchpad-enabled Siri remote.[20] Craig Federighi said that tvOS is 95% based on iOS 9 with the interface and APIs being tweaked to support the big screen.

text: Upon launch, there were several unexpected issues which included incompatibility with Apple's Remote app for iOS and watchOS,[21] which were fixed by Apple in December 2015. As Amazon's Fire TV competes directly with the Apple TV, Amazon declined to develop an Amazon Video application for the Apple TV until late 2017.[22] Amazon declined to sell the 4th generation Apple TV, and removed all 3rd generation SKUs in late October.[23]

text: NBCUniversal released a trio of applications to the tvOS App Store on May 27, 2016, enabling those with a satellite, cable or fiber television to log in to watch live and on-demand content via the Syfy, E!, Telemundo and Bravo applications with their Apple TV. The NBCUniversal applications give access to full seasons of the networks' most popular series, with current and past episodes of all series. NBCUniversal previously made NBC, USA, NBC Sports, and CNBC applications available for download and with the addition of the four new channels, it brings seven of NBCUniversal's networks to Apple TV users.[24]

text: On September 13, 2016, Apple released the tvOS 10 software update for the Apple TV, bringing an all new remote app, single-sign on, dark mode, HomeKit support, and many more features to the 4th generation Apple TV.

text: On September 12, 2017, Apple announced the fifth generation Apple TV, named Apple TV 4K, which supports 2160p output, HDR10, Dolby Vision, and includes a faster Apple A10X Fusion processor. Externally it is similar to the fourth generation model, with the only differences being the addition of vents on the base, the removal of the USB-C port, and the addition of a white outline around the menu button on the included Siri Remote. Following the announcement of the new models, the 64GB version of the fourth generation Apple TV was discontinued.[25]

text: Features[edit]

text: Apple TV allows consumers to use an HDTV to stream video, music, and podcasts as well as downloading apps and games from the tvOS App Store. The first, second, and third generations offered limited content which Apple had provisioned to work with Apple TV. These have now been discontinued[26] in favor of the fourth generation Apple TV, with an OS based on iOS called tvOS which lets developers create their own apps with their own interface that run on Apple TV. These include multimedia, music apps, and games.

text: Features of Apple TV Include:

text:
Video Streaming

The primary function of Apple TV is streaming video through the internet. Users of Apple TV can rent or buy movies and TV shows from the iTunes Store, or stream video from a variety of services found in the tvOS App Store such as Netflix, Hulu, YouTube, Vimeo, HBO Now, Showtime, Sling TV, and DirecTV Now. Amazon Video will be available on all Apple TVs except the first generation in late 2017.[27]
Users can stream live and on-demand content from apps that support login through a cable provider by way of one universal app called TV. TV unifies all content into one central application that allows the user to watch whatever they want from any source while providing recommendations. These include ABC, NBC, CBS, NBA, NFL, NHL, WatchESPN, History Channel, Food Network, CNN, Fox News, HGTV, Disney, National Geographic, and many others. The upcoming single-sign on feature in tvOS 10.1 will allow users to log in to all of these apps at once, bypassing the need to authenticate each individually.

Music and Podcasts Streaming

Users can access their music and podcasts libraries that they purchased in iTunes through iCloud through the Music and Podcasts apps, respectively. In addition, users can also subscribe to music streaming services such as Apple Music, Pandora, Qello, and Vevo and access content that way.

Photos

The built in Photos app syncs user photos from iCloud Photo Library and displays them on TV. In addition, users can download third-party apps like Adobe Lightroom [28] to view, edit and share them.

Apps and Games

With the fourth generation Apple TV and later, users can download apps and games from the tvOS App Store. This app store is similar to the one found on the Apple iPhone and iPad. As of October 21, 2016, there are more than 530 Apple TV-compatible apps in the tvOS App Store.
Apps can now be ported from iOS easily by developers since tvOS and iOS share a common codebase and kernel.

Examples include the Papa John's Pizza[29] app which allows for users to order pizza right from Apple TV and Zillow which allows users to search for homes right on their TV.

Games use the Accelerometer and Gyroscope along with the touchpad found on the Siri Remote for control. External Bluetooth Game controllers: (such as the SteelSeries Nimbus, or the HORIPAD ULTIMATE Wireless Gaming Controller) can also be paired.

Examples include Asphalt 8, a driving game which can be played using the Siri Remote.

Casting and Mirroring

With AirPlay, users can stream or mirror content from your iOS device or Mac wirelessly. AirPlay can be accessed by swiping up from the bottom of the screen in Control Center on iOS or in the Menu Bar on a Mac. There are several different functions to AirPlay.[30] These include:

Casting which allows users to wirelessly send video or audio from their iPhone, iPad, or Mac to the Apple TV
Mirroring which allows users to wirelessly mirror their Mac screen or AirPlay device which to the TV, using it as a second monitor.
Peer-to-Peer AirPlay which uses Bluetooth to connect if the Apple TV and the iOS Device/Mac are not on the same Wi-Fi network.

Siri

Siri is a voice assistant on tvOS that allows a user to check the weather, stocks, sports scores, as well as searching for content across a multitude of different applications. Voice dictation can also be used in text fields, including usernames and passwords.
Universal search is available for a wide number of apps in the United States, but the feature is limited to iTunes and Netflix in Canada, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. In Australia, universal search supports movies and TV shows in iTunes, Netflix, and Stan.[31] Apple has been rapidly expanding the feature to encompass additional channels worldwide.[32]

HomeKIt

The fourth generation Apple TV and later can also be used as a home hub to control all of the HomeKit devices, such as locks, thermostats, or garage doors, in one's home. A user can use Siri on Apple TV to control the devices or keep it plugged in and on the same Wi-Fi network at all times so that they can remotely control their HomeKit devices from their iPhone while away from home.

General

HDMI CEC to control other devices in a user's home theater setup.[33]
App Switcher which enables users to switch apps
Aerial Screensaver which allows the TV to display a flyover view of a city when Apple TV is inactive. Screensavers can also be invoked from the home screen by pressing menu on the Siri Remote once.[34]

tag: ul

text: App Store[edit]

text: With the fourth generation Apple TV and tvOS, Apple announced an App Store which will allow any developer to make apps using the APIs available specifically tailored towards the TV. Also, since tvOS is based on iOS, any developer can port over apps from iOS and with a few modifications, as Apple stated on stage, and can make them available for all tvOS users with the App Store. The App Store will not be available to previous Apple TVs and will be a feature of the fourth generation Apple TV onward.

text: Accessibility[edit]

text: Since tvOS and watchOS are based on iOS, they have inherited many of the accessibility features of iOS and macOS and are compatible with Apple's entire product line including the Apple Watch as a remote controller for the Apple TV.

text: tvOS includes the Apple technologies of VoiceOver, Zoom, and Siri to help the blind and those with low vision. VoiceOver, Apple’s screen reader is available for more than 30 languages and enables visually impaired users to know what is on the visual display and input responses to on-screen prompts. VoiceOver gestures uses gestures that Apple users are already familiar with in other Apple Products (flicks, taps, and the rotor) making the Apple TV familiar to the disabled in a way akin to how Apple designs their products to have a fit and finish consistency across product lines be it familiarity with OS X on a Macintosh, watchOS on an Apple Watch, or the iOS operating system on iPhones, iPads or iPods.

text: Like other Apple products such as the iPhone with a three click sequence on the home button to activate accessibility features, with Apple TV's tvOS, the disabled user can activate VoiceOver without any installation process. One needs only to triple-click the Menu button on the Siri Remote and the Apple TV will guide the user through the complete initial setup, a task that is non-trivial to the visually impaired in most comparable products on the market.

text: Another accessibility feature is to Increase contrast on the screen which acts by reducing the transparency of background elements on Movie and TV Show pages, menu tabs, and other parts of the operating system. The visually impaired can also turn on a high-contrast cursor to better delineate the focused content. The user can also opt to turn on Reduce Motion which in some screen actions, such as moving between app icons on the Home screen and launching apps are visually simpler which is of benefit to reduce strain on the eyes.

text: tvOS enables users to watch movies with audio descriptions of what is being shown on the screen. Movies with audio descriptions are displayed with the AD (Audio Description) icon in the iTunes Store for tvOS and in iTunes on a Macintosh or Windows PC.

text: Pairing a Bluetooth keyboard with the tvOS on the Apple TV enables another accessibility feature that also is an incorporation of VoiceOver. When typing, VoiceOver mirrors with an audio voice, each character pressed on the keyboard and repeated again when it is entered. The Apple TV is designed to work with the Apple Wireless Keyboard or the Apple Magic Keyboard. It will work with almost any brand of bluetooth keyboard.

text: Apple TV with and without tvOS supports closed captioning, so the deaf or hard of hearing can experience TV episodes and feature-length movies. Compatible episodes and movies are denoted with a CC (closed captioning) or SDH (Descriptive Audio) icon in the iTunes Store either on the Apple TV or in iTunes itself. The viewer can customize the captions in episodes or movies with styles and fonts that are more conducive to their hearing and/or visual impairment.

text: The Touch surface on the Siri Remote is customizable. Tracking when setting to Fast adjusts the thumb movements made to amplify the distance in relation to how far the thumb has moved on the glass touchpad. Conversely when tracking is set to slow, larger movements of the thumb on the touchpad will tune down the distance that is traversed on the screen. This can be of great help to those struggling with Parkinson's or other movement disorders to be able to use the Apple TV in a way that fits their disability.

text: Apple's Remote app on iOS devices allows control of the Apple TV from an iPhone, iPad or iPod Touch. The iOS remote app increases the accessibility of the Apple TV by enabling Switch Control. Switch Control is a unique Apple technology that enables navigation sequentially through onscreen items and perform specific actions such as selecting, tapping, dragging, typing using third party Bluetooth-enabled switch hardware made for those with handicaps.

text: Restrictions[edit]

text: Similar to Google's redesign of YouTube, Apple has restricted access to most viewed charts on movies and podcasts. They are replaced by "Top Movies", "Top Podcasts" and "Editor's Picks". User may be under the impression that a "Top" media is equivalent of most popular or most watched.

text: Parental controls allow consumers to limit access to Internet media service content via "Restrictions" settings; individual services can be turned off (e.g., to reduce clutter), icons can be rearranged via the tap-and-hold technique à la iOS. Internet media is split into four categories: "Internet Photos", "YouTube", "Podcasts", and "Purchase and Rental". Each of the categories is configured by a parental control of "Show", "Hide" or "Ask" to prompt for a 4-digit PIN. In addition, movies, TV shows, music and podcasts can be restricted by rating.[35]

text: Local sources[edit]

text: Apple TV can sync or stream photos, music and videos from a computer running iTunes.[36]

text: A user can connect a computer on a local network to maintain a central home media library of digitized CD, DVD or HD content,[37] provide direct connectivity to photo organization software such as iPhoto,[38] limit home video access to a local network only,[39] play Internet radio,[40][41] or preload content on Apple TV to be used later as a non-networked video player.[42] For users who wish to connect the Apple TV to a computer, synchronization and streaming modes are supported.[36]

text: Apple TV in synchronization mode works in a way similar to the iPod. It is paired with an iTunes library on a single computer and can synchronize with that library, copying all or selected content to its own storage. Apple TV need not remain connected to the network after syncing.[42][43] Photos can be synced from iPhoto, Aperture, or from a folder on a Mac, or Adobe Photoshop Album, Photoshop Elements, or from a hard disk folder in Windows.[44]

text: Apple TV can also function as a peer-to-peer digital media player, streaming content from iTunes libraries and playing the content over the network.[45][46]

text: 1st generation Apple TVs can stream content from up to five computers or iTunes libraries. Also, five Apple TVs can be linked to the same iTunes library. The 2nd generation Apple TV onwards allows users to stream content from more than one iTunes library: these additional iTunes libraries can be on the same or on different computers. This is possible when Apple TV and every iTunes library from which you want to stream content meet all of the following conditions: (1) the Apple TV and the iTunes library you are streaming from are both on the same local network, (2) each uses the iTunes "Home Sharing" feature, and (3) each are using the same "Home Sharing" Apple ID.

text: Supported formats[edit]

text: Apple TV natively supports the following audio, video, and picture formats (although with the 4th generation, apps may use alternative built-in software in order to play other codecs and formats, e.g. Plex/ VLC media player):

text:
Video

HEVC up to 2160p at 60 frames per second (5th generation)
HEVC up to 1080p at 30 frames per second (4th generation)

Main/Main 10 profile, hardware decoding on 5th generation, software decoding on 4th generation running tvOS 11 and later.[47]

H.264 up to 720p at 30 frames per second (2nd generation)[48][49]
H.264 up to 1080p at 30 frames per second (1st and 3rd generation)[50]
H.264 up to 1080p at 60 frames per second (4th generation)[51]
H.264 up to 2160p at 60 frames per second (5th generation)[51]

High or Main Profile level 4.0 or lower, or High or Main Profile level 4.2 or lower (4th Generation[51]), Baseline profile level 3.0 or lower with AAC-LC audio up to 160 kbits/s per channel, 48 kHz, stereo audio in .m4v, .mp4, and .mov file formats.

MPEG-4 up to 720×432 (432p) or 640×480 pixels at 30 fps

MPEG-4 video up to 2.5 Mbit/s, 640×480 pixels, 30 frames per second, Simple Profile with AAC-LC audio up to 160 kbit/s, 48 kHz, stereo audio in .m4v, .mp4, and .mov file formats.

Motion JPEG up to 720p at 30 fps

Motion JPEG (M-JPEG) up to 35 Mbit/s, 1280×720 pixels, 30 fps, audio in ulaw, PCM stereo audio in .avi file format.

Picture

JPEG
GIF
TIFF

Audio

HE-AAC (V1)
AAC (16–320 kbit/s)
FairPlay protected AAC
MP3 (16–320 kbit/s, or optionally VBR)
Audible (formats 2, 3, and 4)
Apple Lossless
AIFF
WAV
Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound pass-through (aka AC-3)[52]
Dolby Digital Plus 7.1 surround sound pass-through

TV compatibility

Compatible with high-definition TVs with HDMI and capable of 1080p or 720p at 60/50 Hz.
Requires HDCP when playing copy-protected content.
A sustained 8 Mbit/s or faster Internet connection is recommended for viewing 1080p HD movies and TV shows, 6 Mbit/s or faster for viewing 720p content, and 2.5 Mbit/s or faster for SD content.

tag: table

text: Attempts to sync unsupported content to Apple TV will draw an error message from iTunes.[53]

text: The 1st and 2nd generation Apple TV video output can be set to either 1080i or 1080p; however, this resolution is limited to the user interface and the viewing of photographs – all other content is simply upscaled to those resolutions. Those models cannot play 1080i or 1080p video content (e.g., HD camera video).[45][46][54][55][56] The 3rd and 4th generation Apple TV support 1080p video content.

text: Apple offers H.264 1080p movies and video podcasts on iTunes.[57] In comparison, Blu-ray Disc films are 1080p H.264 or VC-1 video encoded at rates of up to 40 Mbit/s.[58]

text: Apple TV's audio chip supports 7.1 surround sound,[59] and some high definition rentals from iTunes are offered with Dolby Digital 5.1 surround sound.[60]

text: There is an Apple TV export option in QuickTime which allows content in some formats that the device does not support to be easily re-encoded.[61] Applications that use QuickTime to export media can use this; e.g., iMovie's Share menu,[62] iTunes' advanced menu,[63] and some third-party content conversion tools.[64]

text: Connectivity[edit]

text: Apple TV streams video through an HDMI cable (Type A) connected to the TV's HDMI port. Audio is supported through the optical or HDMI ports. The device also has a Micro-USB port, which is reserved for service and diagnostics. The device connects through Ethernet or Wi-Fi to the computer for digital content from the Internet and local networks. Apple TV does not come with audio, video or other cables, which must be acquired additionally as required.[65] On the previous Apple TV, media files could be transferred directly onto the device by syncing with another computer. Once content was stored on the device's hard drive, Internet connectivity was no longer needed to view content.[42] This is not the case with the current model, which does not have a hard drive for storing media.

text: The 1st generation Apple TV had component video and RCA connector audio ports, both removed in the 2nd generation. The device does not have RCA/composite video or F/RF connectors.[46][66]

text: Starting with the 4th generation Apple TV, Apple removed the optical audio port. Apple also enhanced the HDMI port by adding support for HDMI 1.4. The Micro-USB port was removed in favor of the reversible USB-C port.

text: AirPlay[edit]

text: AirPlay allows iOS devices or an AirPort-enabled computer with the iTunes music player to send a stream of music to multiple (three to six, in typical conditions) stereos connected to an AirPort Express (the audio-only antecedent of Apple TV) or Apple TV.[67]

text: The AirPort Express' streaming media capabilities use Apple's Remote Audio Output Protocol (RAOP), a proprietary variant of RTSP/RTP. Using WDS-bridging,[68] the AirPort Express can allow AirPlay functionality (as well as Internet access, file and print sharing, etc.) across a larger distance in a mixed environment of wired and up to 10 wireless clients.

text: Speakers attached to an AirPort Express or Apple TV can be selected from within the "Remote" iPhone/iPod Touch program, allowing full AirPlay compatibility[69] (see "Remote control" section below).

text: A compatible Mac running OS X Mountain Lion or later can wirelessly mirror its screen to an Apple TV through AirPlay Mirroring[70] while one running OS X Mavericks or later can also extend its display with AirPlay Display.

text: Remote control[edit]

text: Apple TV can be controlled by many infrared remote controls[71] or paired with the included Apple Remote to prevent interference from other remotes.[45][72][73] Either kind of remote can control playback volume, but for music only.[10][74][75]

text: The Apple Wireless Keyboard is supported on the 2nd generation Apple TV and later using the built-in Bluetooth.[76] The consumer has the ability to control media playback, navigate menus and input text and other information. Third-party keyboards that use the Apple layout may also be compatible.[76]

text: On July 10, 2008, Apple released Remote, a free iOS application that allows the iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad to control the iTunes library on the Apple TV via Wi-Fi.[77][78] The recently released Apple Watch also has a remote app to control Apple TV.[79]

text: The Remote App was updated on September 13, 2016, to take advantage of all the features of the Apple TV 4. This includes Siri, Touchpad, and Home Buttons, along with a now playing screen.

text: On September 9, 2015, Apple announced the new Siri Remote for the 4th generation Apple TV (although in some territories, Apple have kept the name Apple TV Remote, due to Siri functionality not being enabled on it in that territory).[80] It is a completely redesigned remote that features dual microphones for Siri support and a glass touch surface for navigation around the interface by swiping or tapping and scrubbing to fast forward or rewind. Also, it has a menu and home button, a Siri button to invoke Siri, a Play/Pause button, and a Volume Up/Down button to control the volume on the TV. The Siri Remote will communicate with the Apple TV via Bluetooth rather than infrared, and thus doesn't require a line-of-sight with the device. This new remote is only supported by the 4th generation Apple TV and later and will not work with earlier generations.

text: Siri[edit]

text: Beginning with the 4th generation Apple TV, the remote includes two microphones and a button to toggle on Siri. Siri on the Apple TV has all of the functions of Siri on iOS 9; it can also respond to requests specifically for the TV. For instance, the viewer can ask Siri to search for a TV show or movie and it will search across multiple different sources to tell the user where the content is available to watch. It can also do things such as Play/Pause, Rewind/Fast Forward, skip back 15 seconds and temporarily turn on captioning when asked "what did he say?" or "what did she say?", open a specific app, and more.

text: Software[edit]

text: 1st generation[edit]

text: The original Apple TV ran a modified build of Mac OS X v10.4 Tiger[81]

text: Apple TV Software 1.0:

text: Apple TV software 1.0 presented the user with an interface similar to that of Front Row. Like Front Row on the Mac, it presents the user with seven options for consuming content. Movies, TV Shows, Music, Podcasts, Photos, Settings, and Sources.

text: Apple TV Software 2.0:

text: In February 2008, Apple released a major and free upgrade to the Apple TV, labelled "Take Two"(2.0). This update did away with Front Row and introduced a new interface in which content was organized into six categories, all of which appeared in a large square box on the screen upon startup (movies, TV shows, music, YouTube, podcasts, and photos) and presented in the initial menu, along with a "Settings" option for configuration, including software updates.[82][83]

text: Apple TV Software 3.0:

text: In October 2009, Apple released a minor upgrade for the Apple TV called "Apple TV Software 3.0". This update replaced the interface in version 2.0 with a new interface which presented seven horizontal columns across the top of the screen for the different categories of content (Movies, TV Shows, Music, Podcasts, Photos, Internet, and Settings). This update also added features such as content filtering, iTunes Extras, new fonts, and a new Internet radio app. The maximum resolution increased in both the 40 GB and 160 GB version to include 1080P.

text: 2nd and 3rd generation[edit]

text: The 2nd and 3rd generation Apple TVs run a version of iOS, rather than the modified Mac OS X of the original model.

text: The interface on Apple TV OS 4 is similar to that of previous versions, with only minor changes and feature additions throughout. In March 2012, Apple released a major new software update, with the Apple TV 3, labeled as Apple TV OS 5 (iOS 5.1), which shipped with the new 3rd generation Apple TV. This update completely revised the look of the home screen to make it resemble the icon grid seen on iOS. Instead of 7 columns, content and third-party channels are shown in a tiled grid format, which can be rearranged. Throughout the years, for Apple TV OS 5-6, Apple released minor revisions, content additions, and feature updates.

text: The Apple TV OS 7.0 features a flat look similar to iOS 7 and OS X Yosemite and adds features such as Peer-To-Peer AirPlay. Version 8.0 was skipped.

text: The final OS update for the third-generation Apple TV is Apple TV software 7.2.2 (iOS 8.4.2) since it does not support tvOS 9.0 or later.

text: 4th and 5th generation[edit]

text: The fourth generation Apple TV and later run an operating system called tvOS which does not support the earlier generations of Apple TV. It features an app store, allowing third-party app developers to release their own apps on the platform.[84] Also, this new software features support for Siri voice control. Craig Federighi mentioned that tvOS is based 95% on iOS 9 and the rest being adaptions to optimize it for the TV. The tvOS software development kit (SDK) for developing tvOS apps is included in Xcode 7.1 and later.[85] A new development feature, App Thinning, is used in the Apple TV, running on tvOS, due to the memory restrictions of the device (32GB and 64GB) and the dual-use of the NAND Flash Memory to precache movies from Apple's content servers as well as storage for downloaded applications from the tvOS App Store. Apple's aim is to limit the size of application downloads and steering users towards downloading individual segments of apps in order to better manage storage space. Developers have reacted with criticism towards the download size limits, arguing that it leads to situations where game data is purged and has to be re-downloaded.[86]

text: Technical specifications[edit]

text:
Legend

Obsolete
Discontinued
Current

text:
Models
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
3rd generation Rev. A
4th generation
4K (5th generation)

Release date(s)
January 9, 2007
September 1, 2010
March 7, 2012
January 28, 2013
October 30, 2015
September 22, 2017

Discontinued
September 1, 2010
March 7, 2012
March 10, 2013[87]
September 8, 2016
64GB: September 12, 2017
32GB: In production
In production

Model Number - Model ID - Order Number
A1218 - AppleTV1,1 - MA711LL/A
A1378 - AppleTV2,1 - MC572LL/A
A1427 - AppleTV3,1 - MD199BZ/A
A1469 - AppleTV3,2 - MD199LL/A
A1625 - AppleTV5,3 - MGY52LL/A
A1842 - AppleTV6,2 - 32GB: MQD22LL/A 64GB:MP7P2LL/A

Processor
1 GHz Intel "Crofton" Pentium M[88]
Apple A4 (ARM Cortex-A8)
Apple A5 (Single core ARM Cortex-A9, dual core with one core locked)
Apple A5 (ARM Cortex-A9) Single core (Redesign from A5 dual core).
Apple A8 (dual-core)
Apple A10X Fusion (hexa-core)

Graphics
Nvidia GeForce Go 7300 with 64 MB of VRAM[89]
Apple A4 (PowerVR SGX535)
Apple A5 (PowerVR SGX543MP2)
Apple A8 (PowerVR Series 6XT GX6450)
Apple A10X Fusion

Memory
256 MB of 400 MHz DDR2 SDRAM[90]
256 MB LPDDR2[91]
512 MB LPDDR2[92]
2 GB LPDDR3[93][94]
3 GB LPDDR4[95]

Storage
40 or 160 GB hard disk
8 GB NAND flash for cache[92][96]
32 or 64 GB NAND flash

Connectivity
USB 2.0 (officially for diagnostic use only, though hackers have managed to allow connectivity of hard disks, mice, and keyboards),[97] infrared receiver, HDMI, component video, optical audio
Bluetooth,[76] Micro-USB (reserved for service and diags.), HDMI, infrared receiver, optical audio
Bluetooth 4.0, USB-C (for service and developer use), HDMI 1.4, infrared receiver, Lightning (for Siri remote charging only)
Bluetooth 5.0, HDMI 2.0a, infrared receiver, Lightning (for Siri remote charging only)

Networking

Wi-Fi (802.11b/g and draft-n)
Wi-Fi (802.11a/b/g/n)
Wi-Fi (802.11a/b/g/n/ac)

10/100 Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet

Output
1080p (undefined, following the Version 3.0 software update). 720p 60/50 Hz (NTSC/PAL), 576p 50 Hz (PAL), 480p 60 Hz (NTSC)[98]
(480i 60 Hz is unofficially supported) over HDMI (HDCP capable) or Component Video
720p/576p/480p over HDMI only (HDCP capable)
1080p/720p/576p/480p over HDMI only (HDCP capable)
2160p/1080p/720p/576p/480p with HDR10 and Dolby Vision over HDMI only (HDCP capable)

Audio

Optical audio (48 kHz maximum sample rate), HDMI, RCA analog stereo audio
Optical audio (48 kHz fixed sample rate), HDMI
HDMI-CEC

Supports output up to 5.1 channels
Supports output up to 7.1 channels

Power
Built-in universal 48 W power supply
Built-in universal 6 W power supply
Built-in universal 11 W power supply[99]
Built-in universal 13 W power supply[95]

Dimensions
1.1 in (28 mm) (h)
7.8 in (200 mm) (w)
7.8 in (200 mm) (d)
0.9 in (23 mm) (h)
3.9 in (99 mm) (w)
3.9 in (99 mm) (d)
1.4 in (35 mm) (h)
3.9 in (98 mm) (w)
3.9 in (98 mm) (d)

Weight
2.4 lb (1.1 kg)
0.6 lb (0.27 kg)
0.9 lb (0.41 kg)

Initial operating system
Apple TV Software 1.0 (Modified build of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger)
Apple TV Software 4.0 (based on iOS 4.1)
Apple TV Software 5.0 (based on iOS 5.1)
Apple TV Software 5.2[100] (based on iOS 6.1)
tvOS 9.0[101] (based on iOS 9)[102]
tvOS 11.0 (based on iOS 11)

Current operating system
Apple TV Software 3.0.2 (Modified build of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger)
Apple TV Software 6.2.1 (based on iOS 7.1.2)
Apple TV Software 7.2.2 (based on iOS 8.4.2)[103]
tvOS 11.0

text: Limitations[edit]

text: Functionality[edit]

text: Apple TV does not contain a TV tuner, nor a personal video recorder.[45][53] Both capabilities can be applied to the connected home computer through various third-party products, such as allowing PVR software to connect to iTunes and enable scheduled HDTV recordings to play automatically via Apple TV for playback.[104]

text: The Front Row interface lacks some iTunes functionality, including rating items, checking the account balance, adding funds to the account, synchronizing from more than one computer,[105] full Internet radio support,[46][106] and games.[107]

text: The Movies search box only searches the iTunes Store, not local hard drives and networks.[108]

text: Movies rented on Apple TV must be watched on Apple TV, unlike iTunes rentals, which can be transferred to any video-enabled iPod, iPhone or Apple TV.[109][110] Movies purchased on Apple TV can be moved to a video-enabled iPod or iPhone via iTunes.[111]

text: Apple TV prior to 4th generation does not support the HDMI Consumer Electronics Control (HDMI CEC) protocol.

text: On the Apple TV (2nd generation), digital output audio is up-sampled to 48 kHz, including lossless CD rips at 44.1 kHz. Although this is a higher frequency and the difference is not audible in most cases, it means the audio is not 'bit perfect' which is often a goal for digital transmission of data.[112]

text: Sales[edit]

text: 1st generation[edit]

text: Within the first week of presales in January 2007, Apple TV was the top pre-selling item at the Apple Store.[113] Orders exceeded 100,000 units by the end of January and Apple began ramping-up to sell over a million units before the 2007 holiday season.[114] Analysts began calling it a "DVD killer"[115] that could enable multiple services. Analysts also predicted that Apple could sell up to 1.5 million units in the first year.[116] Besides the Apple Store, Best Buy was one of the first retailers to carry the device;[117] Target and Costco[118] followed shortly thereafter.

text: Two months into sales, Forrester Research predicted that Apple would only sell a million Apple TV units, because consumers prefer advertisement-supported content over paid content. Forrester predicted that cable companies would be the clear winners over content providers such as the iTunes Store.[119] Shortly after, Apple released YouTube functionality and Jobs stated that Apple TV was a "DVD player for the Internet". Some market analysts predicted that YouTube on Apple TV "provides a glimpse of this product's potential and its future evolution",[120] but overall, analysts had mixed reactions regarding the future of Apple TV. Some negative reactions followed after Jobs referred to the device as a "hobby", implying it was less significant than the Macintosh, iPod, and iPhone.[121]

text: In the fourth quarter of 2008, sales were triple that of the fourth quarter of 2007.[122]

text: In Apple's first-quarter 2009 financial results conference call, acting chief executive Tim Cook stated that Apple TV sales increased three times over the same quarter a year ago. Cook mentioned that the movie rental business was working well for Apple, Apple would continue investment in movie rentals and Apple TV, but Apple TV is still considered a hobby for the company.[122] Due to the growth of digital TV and consumers turning to Internet media services, an analyst predicted sales of 6.6 million Apple TVs by the end of 2009.[123]

text: 2nd generation[edit]

text: The second generation sold 250,000 units in the first two weeks it was available. On December 21, 2010, Apple announced that they had sold 1 million units.[124] In the second fiscal quarter of 2011, it had topped 2 million in total sales, with 820,000 sold in that quarter alone.[125]

text: On January 24, 2012, Apple announced they had sold 1.4 million units in the first fiscal quarter of 2012,[126] and 2.8 million units in all of fiscal year 2011.[127] (4.2 million units through January 1, 2012).

text: 3rd generation[edit]

text: Tim Cook revealed at the All Things Digital conference in May 2012 that Apple had sold 2.7 million of the 3rd generation model in 2012.[128]

text: In the Q4 FY2012 earnings call, Engadget reported comments from Tim Cook that Apple had shipped 1.3 million Apple TV units in the 4th Quarter (presumed to be 3rd generation).[129]

text: MacObserver reported statements by Tim Cook in the Q1 FY2013 earnings call that Apple sold over 2 million Apple TV units in the December Quarter (presumed to be 3rd generation).[130]

text: These reports lead to a cumulative volume of the 3rd generation device of 6 million units, as of January 1, 2013.

text: On February 28, 2014 at Apple's shareholders meeting Apple CEO Tim Cook revealed that in 2013 Apple TV brought in 1 billion dollars of revenue for Apple[131]

text: A market survey published by Parks Associates in December 2014 found that Apple TV has lost consumer traction to Google Chromecast, garnering only a 17% market share.[132]

text: Tim Cook revealed at the Apple Watch conference on March 9, 2015 that Apple had sold a total of 25 million Apple TVs to date.[133]

text: 4th generation[edit]

text: In the January 27, 2016 Apple earnings call, CEO Tim Cook stated that the Apple TV had record sales. However, no specific sales figures were mentioned; Apple TV is included in an "Other products" category, which also includes the Apple Watch, iPods, and Beats products, and is not broken down by individual products.[134]


document_title: List of Philadelphia Eagles seasons

question_text: when was the last time the philadelphia eagles went to the playoffs

text: List of Philadelphia Eagles seasons

text: This article is a list of seasons completed by the Philadelphia Eagles, a professional American football franchise based in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Eagles are a member of the National Football Conference (NFC) East division in the National Football League (NFL). This article documents the season-by-season records of the Eagles’ franchise from 1933 to present, including postseason records, as well as league awards for individual players or head coaches. The Philadelphia Eagles won their 500th game on Sunday, October 26, 2008 over the Atlanta Falcons by a score of 27–14. They were the seventh NFL team to accomplish this feat and the first since the San Francisco 49ers defeated the St. Louis Rams in week 16 of the 2005 NFL season. They are also the first team in the NFC East to accomplish this feat since the Washington Redskins defeated the Jacksonville Jaguars in Week 8 of the 2000 NFL season. As of 2017, the Eagles have never lost a game to the New York Jets (10–0) or the Houston Texans (4–0).

text: The Eagles have won four league titles. Three of these were won prior to the start of the Super Bowl era (in 1948, 1949, and 1960). The fourth and most recent championship was won in Super Bowl LII.

text: Season records[edit]

text:
NFL Champions (1920–1969)
Super Bowl Champions (1970–present)
Conference Champions
Division Champions
Wild Card Berth
One-Game Playoff Berth

text:
Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular season
Playoffs
Awards/Head coaches

Finish
Wins
Losses
Ties

Philadelphia Eagles

1933
1933
NFL

East
4th
3
5
1
—
Lud Wray

1934
1934
NFL

East
T-3rd
4
7
0
—
Lud Wray

1935
1935
NFL

East
5th
2
9
0
—
Lud Wray (9-21-1)

1936
1936
NFL

East
5th
1
11
0
—
Bert Bell

1937
1937
NFL

East
5th
2
8
1
—
Bert Bell

1938
1938
NFL

East
4th
5
6
0
—
Bert Bell

1939
1939
NFL

East
T-4th
1
9
1
—
Bert Bell

1940
1940
NFL

East
5th
1
10
0
—
Bert Bell (10-44-2)

1941
1941
NFL

East
4th
2
8
1
—
Greasy Neale

1942
1942
NFL

East
5th
2
9
0
—
Greasy Neale†

Steagles

1943
1943
NFL

East
3rd
5
4
1
—
Greasy Neale†

Philadelphia Eagles

1944
1944
NFL

East
2nd
7
1
2
—
Greasy Neale†

1945
1945
NFL

East
2nd
7
3
0
—
Greasy Neale†

1946
1946
NFL

East
2nd
6
5
0
—
Greasy Neale†

1947
1947
NFL

East
1st
8
4
0
Won Eastern Divisional Playoff (at Steelers) 21–0
Lost NFL Championship (at Cardinals) 21–28
Greasy Neale†

1948
1948
NFL

East
1st
9
2
1
Won NFL Championship (1) (Cardinals) 7–0
Greasy Neale†

1949
1949
NFL

East
1st
11
1
0
Won NFL Championship (2) (at Rams) 14–0
Greasy Neale†

1950
1950
NFL
American

T3rd
6
6
0
—
Greasy Neale† (66-44-5)

1951
1951
NFL
American

5th
4
8
0
—
Bo McMillin (2-0)
Wayne Millner (2-8)

1952
1952
NFL
American

T-2nd
7
5
0
—
Jim Trimble

1953
1953
NFL
Eastern

2nd
7
4
1
—
Jim Trimble

1954
1954
NFL
Eastern

2nd
7
4
1
—
Jim Trimble

1955
1955
NFL
Eastern

T-4th
4
7
1
—
Jim Trimble (25-20-3)

1956
1956
NFL
Eastern

6th
3
8
1
—
Hugh Devore

1957
1957
NFL
Eastern

5th
4
8
0
—
Hugh Devore (7-16-1)

1958
1958
NFL
Eastern

T-5th
2
9
1
—
Buck Shaw

1959
1959
NFL
Eastern

T-2nd
7
5
0
—
Buck Shaw

1960
1960
NFL
Eastern

1st
10
2
0
Won NFL Championship (3) (Packers) 17–13
Norm Van Brocklin (MVP)
Buck Shaw (COY) (20-16-1)

1961
1961
NFL
Eastern

2nd
10
4
0
—
Nick Skorich

1962
1962
NFL
Eastern

7th
3
10
1
—
Nick Skorich

1963
1963
NFL
Eastern

7th
2
10
2
—
Nick Skorich (15-24-3)

1964
1964
NFL
Eastern

T-3rd
6
8
0
—
Joe Kuharich

1965
1965
NFL
Eastern

T-5th
5
9
0
—
Joe Kuharich

1966
1966
NFL
Eastern

T-2nd
9
5
0
—
Joe Kuharich

1967
1967
NFL
Eastern
Capitol
2nd
6
7
1
—
Joe Kuharich

1968
1968
NFL
Eastern
Capitol
4th
2
12
0
—
Joe Kuharich (28-41-1)

1969
1969
NFL
Eastern
Capitol
4th
4
9
1
—
Jerry Williams

1970
1970
NFL
NFC
East
5th
3
10
1
—
Jerry Williams

1971
1971
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
6
7
1
—
Jerry Williams (7-22-2)
Ed Khayat

1972
1972
NFL
NFC
East
5th
2
11
1
—
Ed Khayat (8-15-2)

1973
1973
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
5
8
1
—
Mike McCormack

1974
1974
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
7
0
—
Mike McCormack

1975
1975
NFL
NFC
East
5th
4
10
0
—
Mike McCormack (16-25-1)

1976
1976
NFL
NFC
East
4th
4
10
0
—
Dick Vermeil

1977
1977
NFL
NFC
East
4th
5
9
0
—
Dick Vermeil

1978
1978
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
9
7
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Falcons) 13–14
Dick Vermeil

1979
1979
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Bears) 27–17
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Buccaneers) 17–24
Dick Vermeil

1980
1980
NFL
NFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Vikings) 31–16
Won NFC Championship (Cowboys) 20–7
Lost Super Bowl XV (vs. Raiders) 10–27
Harold Carmichael (WP MOY)
Dick Vermeil

1981
1981
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Giants) 21–27
Dick Vermeil

1982
1982
NFL
NFC

13th+
3
6
0
—
Dick Vermeil (57-51)

1983
1983
NFL
NFC
East
4th
5
11
0
—
Marion Campbell

1984
1984
NFL
NFC
East
5th
6
9
1
—
Marion Campbell

1985
1985
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
9
0
—
Marion Campbell (17-29-1)
Fred Bruney (1-0)

1986
1986
NFL
NFC
East
4th
5
10
1
—
Buddy Ryan

1987
1987
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
8
0
—
Buddy Ryan
Reggie White (DPOY)

1988
1988
NFL
NFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Bears) 12–20
Buddy Ryan

1989
1989
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Rams) 7–21
Buddy Ryan

1990
1990
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Redskins) 6–20
Buddy Ryan (43-38-1)

1991
1991
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
10
6
0
—
Rich Kotite

1992
1992
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Saints) 36–20
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Cowboys) 10–34
Rich Kotite

1993
1993
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
8
8
0
—
Rich Kotite

1994
1994
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
9
0
—
Rich Kotite (37-29)

1995
1995
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Lions) 58–37
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Cowboys) 11–30
Ray Rhodes (COY)

1996
1996
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at 49ers) 0–14
Ray Rhodes

1997
1997
NFL
NFC
East
3rd
6
9
1
—
Ray Rhodes

1998
1998
NFL
NFC
East
5th
3
13
0
—
Ray Rhodes (30-36-1)

1999
1999
NFL
NFC
East
5th
5
11
0
—
Andy Reid

2000
2000
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Buccaneers) 21–3
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Giants) 10–20
Andy Reid

2001
2001
NFL
NFC
East
1st
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Buccaneers) 31–9
Won Divisional Playoffs (at Bears) 33–19
Lost NFC Championship (at Rams) 24–29
Andy Reid

2002
2002
NFL
NFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Falcons) 20–6
Lost NFC Championship (Buccaneers) 10–27
Andy Reid (COY)
Troy Vincent (WP MOY)

2003
2003
NFL
NFC
East
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Packers) 20–17 (OT)
Lost NFC Championship (Panthers) 3–14
Andy Reid

2004
2004
NFL
NFC
East
1st
13
3
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Vikings) 27–14
Won NFC Championship (Falcons) 27–10
Lost Super Bowl XXXIX (vs. Patriots) 21–24
Andy Reid

2005
2005
NFL
NFC
East
4th
6
10
0
—
Andy Reid

2006
2006
NFL
NFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Giants) 23–20
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Saints) 24–27
Andy Reid

2007
2007
NFL
NFC
East
4th
8
8
0
—
Andy Reid

2008
2008
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
9
6
1
Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Vikings) 26–14
Won Divisional Playoffs (at Giants) 23–11
Lost NFC Championship (at Cardinals) 25–32
Andy Reid

2009
2009
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
11
5
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Cowboys) 14–34
Andy Reid

2010
2010
NFL
NFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Packers) 16–21
Andy Reid
Michael Vick (CBPOY)

2011
2011
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
8
8
0
—
Andy Reid

2012
2012
NFL
NFC
East
4th
4
12
0
—
Andy Reid (140-102-1)

2013
2013
NFL
NFC
East
1st
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Saints) 24–26
Chip Kelly

2014
2014
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
10
6
0
—
Chip Kelly

2015
2015
NFL
NFC
East
2nd
7
9
0
—
Chip Kelly (26-22)
Pat Shurmur (1-0)

2016
2016
NFL
NFC
East
4th
7
9
0
—
Doug Pederson

2017
2017
NFL
NFC
East
1st
13
3
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Falcons) 15–10
Won NFC Championship (Vikings) 38–7
Won Super Bowl LII (1) (vs. Patriots) 41–33
Doug Pederson
Nick Foles (SB MVP)

Totals thru February 4, 2018[1]
568
594
26
(1933–2017, regular season)

22
21
–
(1933–2017, playoffs)

590
615
26
(all games, 1933–2017, including NFL playoffs)

text: * = Current standing

text: + = Due to a strike-shortened season in 1982, all teams were ranked by conference instead of division.


document_title: Star of David

question_text: when did israel start using the star of david

text: Star of David

text: History of Jewish usage

text: Early use as an ornament

text: The hexagram does appear occasionally in Jewish contexts since antiquity, apparently as a decorative motif. For example, in Israel, there is a stone bearing a hexagram from the arch of a 3rd–4th century synagogue in the Galilee.[10] Originally, the hexagram may have been employed as an architectural ornament on synagogues, as it is, for example, on the cathedrals of Brandenburg and Stendal, and on the Marktkirche at Hanover. A hexagram in this form is found on the ancient synagogue at Capernaum. In the synagogues, perhaps, it was associated with the mezuzah.

text: The use of the hexagram in a Jewish context as a possibly meaningful symbol may occur as early as the 11th century, in the decoration of the carpet page of the famous Tanakh manuscript, the Leningrad Codex dated 1008. Similarly, the symbol illuminates a medieval Tanakh manuscript dated 1307 belonging to Rabbi Yosef bar Yehuda ben Marvas from Toledo, Spain. A Siddur dated 1512 from Prague displays a large hexagram on the cover with the phrase, "He will merit to bestow a bountiful gift on anyone who grasps the Shield of David."[11][page needed][full citation needed]

text: Kabbalistic use

text: A hexagram has been noted on a Jewish tombstone in Taranto, Apulia in Southern Italy, which may date as early as the third century CE.[12][13] The Jews of Apulia were noted for their scholarship in Kabbalah, which has been connected to the use of the Star of David.[14]

text: Medieval Kabbalistic grimoires show hexagrams among the tables of segulot, but without identifying them as "Shield of David".

text: In the Renaissance Period, in the 16th-century Land of Israel, the book Ets Khayim conveys the Kabbalah of Ha-Ari (Rabbi Isaac Luria) who arranges the traditional items on the seder plate for Passover into two triangles, where they explicitly correspond to Jewish mystical concepts. The six sfirot of the masculine Zer Anpin correspond to the six items on the seder plate, while the seventh sfira being the feminine Malkhut corresponds to the plate itself.[15][16][17]

text: However, these seder-plate triangles are parallel, one above the other, and do not actually form a hexagram.[18]

text: According to G. S. Oegema (1996)

text: Isaac Luria provided the hexagram with a further mystical meaning. In his book Etz Chayim he teaches that the elements of the plate for the Seder evening have to be placed in the order of the hexagram: above the three sefirot "Crown", "Wisdom", and "Insight", below the other seven.[19][page needed]

text: Similarly, M. Costa[year needed][page needed] wrote that M. Gudemann and other researchers in the 1920s claimed that Isaac Luria was influential in turning the Star of David into a national Jewish emblem by teaching that the elements of the plate for the Seder evening have to be placed in the order of the hexagram. Gershom Scholem (1990) disagrees with this view, arguing that Isaac Luria talked about parallel triangles one beneath the other and not about the hexagram.[20]

text: The Star of David at least since the 20th century remains associated with the number seven and thus with the Menorah, and popular accounts[unreliable source?] associate it with the six directions of space plus the center (under the influence of the description of space found in the Sefer Yetsira: Up, Down, East, West, South, North, and Center), or the Six Sefirot of the Male (Zeir Anpin) united with the Seventh Sefirot of the Female (Nukva).[21] Some say that one triangle represents the ruling tribe of Judah and the other the former ruling tribe of Benjamin. It is also seen as a dalet and yud, the two letters assigned to Judah. There are 12 Vav, or "men," representing the 12 tribes or patriarchs of Israel.

text: Official usage in Central European communities

text: In 1354, King of Bohemia Charles IV prescribed for the Jews of Prague a red flag with both David's shield and Solomon's seal, while the red flag with which the Jews met King Matthias of Hungary in the 15th century showed two pentagrams with two golden stars.[22]

text: In 1460, the Jews of Ofen (Budapest, Hungary) received King Matthias Corvinus with a red flag on which were two Shields of David and two stars. In the first Hebrew prayer book, printed in Prague in 1512, a large hexagram appears on the cover. In the colophon is written: "Each man beneath his flag according to the house of their fathers…and he will merit to bestow a bountiful gift on anyone who grasps the Shield of David." In 1592, Mordechai Maizel was allowed to affix "a flag of King David, similar to that located on the Main Synagogue" on his synagogue in Prague. Following the Battle of Prague (1648), the Jews of Prague were again granted a flag, in recognition in their contribution to the city's defense. That flag showed a yellow hexagram on a red background, with a star placed in the center of the hexagram.[23]

text: As a symbol of Judaism and the Jewish community

text: The symbol became representative of the worldwide Zionist community, and later the broader Jewish community, after it was chosen to represent the First Zionist Congress in 1897.[24][4]

text: A year before the congress, Herzl had written in his 1896 Der Judenstaat:

text: We have no flag, and we need one. If we desire to lead many men, we must raise a symbol above their heads. I would suggest a white flag, with seven golden stars. The white field symbolizes our pure new life; the stars are the seven golden hours of our working-day. For we shall march into the Promised Land carrying the badge of honor.[25]

text: David Wolffsohn (1856–1914), a businessman prominent in the early Zionist movement, was aware that the nascent Zionist movement had no official flag, and that the design proposed by Theodor Herzl was gaining no significant support, wrote:

text: At the behest of our leader Herzl, I came to Basle to make preparations for the Zionist Congress. Among many other problems that occupied me then was one that contained something of the essence of the Jewish problem. What flag would we hang in the Congress Hall? Then an idea struck me. We have a flag—and it is blue and white. The talith (prayer shawl) with which we wrap ourselves when we pray: that is our symbol. Let us take this Talith from its bag and unroll it before the eyes of Israel and the eyes of all nations. So I ordered a blue and white flag with the Shield of David painted upon it. That is how the national flag, that flew over Congress Hall, came into being.

text:
In the early 20th century, the symbol began to be used to express Jewish affiliations in sports.
Hakoah Vienna was a Jewish sports club founded in Vienna, Austria, in 1909 whose teams competed with the Star of David on the chest of their uniforms, and won the 1925 Austrian League soccer championship.[26] Similarly, The Philadelphia Sphas basketball team in Philadelphia (whose name was an acronym of its founding South Philadelphia Hebrew Association) wore a large Star of David on their jerseys to proudly proclaim their Jewish identity, as they competed in the first half of the 20th century.[27][28][29][30]

text:
In boxing, Benny "the Ghetto Wizard" Leonard (who said he felt as though he was fighting for all Jews) fought with a Star of David embroidered on his trunks in the 1910s.
World heavyweight boxing champion Max Baer fought with a Star of David on his trunks as well, notably, for the first time as he knocked out Nazi Germany hero Max Schmeling in 1933; Hitler never permitted Schmeling to fight a Jew again.

text: The Holocaust

text: A Star of David, often yellow, was used by the Nazis during the Holocaust to identify Jews. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, there initially were different local decrees forcing Jews to wear distinct signs (e.g. in the General Government, a white armband with a blue Star of David; in the Warthegau, a yellow badge, in the form of a Star of David, on the left breast and on the back). If a Jew was found in public without the star, he could be severely punished. The requirement to wear the Star of David with the word Jude (German for Jew) was then extended to all Jews over the age of six in the Reich and in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (by a decree issued on September 1, 1941 and signed by Reinhard Heydrich)[31] and was gradually introduced in other Nazi-occupied areas. Others, however, wore the Star of David as a symbol of defiance against Nazi antisemitism, as in the case of United States Army private Hal Baumgarten, who wore a Star of David emblazoned on his back during the 1944 invasion of Normandy.

text: Contemporary use

text: The flag of Israel, depicting a blue Star of David on a white background, between two horizontal blue stripes was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment. The origins of the flag's design date from the First Zionist Congress in 1897; the flag has subsequently been known as the "flag of Zion".

text: Many Modern Orthodox synagogues, and many synagogues of other Jewish movements, have the Israeli flag with the Star of David prominently displayed at the front of the synagogues near the Ark containing the Torah scrolls.

text: Magen David Adom (MDA) ("Red Star of David" or, translated literally, "Red Shield of David") is Israel's only official emergency medical, disaster, ambulance service.

text: It has been an official member of the International Committee of the Red Cross since June 2006. According to the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Magen David Adom was boycotted by the International Committee of the Red Cross, which refused to grant the organization membership because "it was [...] argued that having an emblem used by only one country was contrary to the principles of universality."[32] Other commentators said the ICRC did not recognize the medical and humanitarian use of this Jewish symbol, a Red Shield, alongside the Christian cross and the Muslim crescent.[33]

text: Use in sports

text: Since 1948, the Star of David has carried the dual significance of representing both the state of Israel, and Jewish identity in general. In the United States especially, it continues to be used in the latter sense by a number of athletes.

text: In baseball, Jewish major leaguer Gabe Kapler had a Star of David tattooed on his left calf in 2000, with the words "strong-willed" and "strong-minded", major leaguer Mike "SuperJew" Epstein drew a Star of David on his baseball glove, and major leaguer Ron Blomberg had a Star of David emblazoned in the knob of his bat which is on display at the Baseball Hall of Fame.[34][35][36][37][38][39]

text: NBA basketball star Amar'e Stoudemire, who says he is spiritually and culturally Jewish,[40] had a Star of David tattoo put on his left hand in 2010.[41][42] NFL football defensive end Igor Olshansky has Star of David tattoos on each side of his neck, near his shoulders.[43][44][45] Israeli golfer Laetitia Beck displays a blue-and-white magen david symbol on her golf apparel.[46][47]

text: In boxing, Jewish light heavyweight world champion Mike "The Jewish Bomber" Rossman fought with a Star of David embroidered on his boxing trunks, and also has a blue Star of David tattoo on the outside of his right calf.[48][49][50][51]

text: Other boxers fought with Stars of David embroidered on their trunks include world lightweight champion, world light heavyweight boxing champion Battling Levinsky, Barney Ross (world champion as a lightweight, as a junior welterweight, and as a welterweight), world flyweight boxing champion Victor "Young" Peres, world bantamweight champion Alphonse Halimi, and more recently World Boxing Association super welterweight champion Yuri Foreman, light welterweight champion Cletus Seldin, and light middleweight Boyd Melson.[48][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] Welterweight Zachary "Kid Yamaka" Wohlman has a tattoo of a Star of David across his stomach, and welterweight Dmitriy Salita even boxes under the nickname "Star of David".[59][60]

text: Maccabi clubs still use the Star of David in their emblems.[61]

text: Origin of the name

text: The Jewish Encyclopedia cites a 12th-century Karaite document as the earliest Jewish literary source to mention a symbol called "Magen Dawid" (without specifying its shape).[62]

text: The name 'Shield of David' was used by at least the 11th century as a title of the God of Israel, independent of the use of the symbol. The phrase occurs independently as a Divine title in the Siddur, the traditional Jewish prayer book, where it poetically refers to the Divine protection of ancient King David and the anticipated restoration of his dynastic house, perhaps based on Psalm 18, which is attributed to David, and in which God is compared to a shield (v. 31 and v. 36). The term occurs at the end of the "Samkhaynu/Gladden us" blessing, which is recited after the reading of the Haftara portion on Saturday and holidays.[63]

text: The earliest known text related to Judaism which mentions a sign called the "Shield of David" is Eshkol Ha-Kofer by the Karaite Judah Hadassi, in the mid-12th century CE:

text: Seven names of angels precede the mezuzah: Michael, Gabriel, etc. …Tetragrammaton protect you! And likewise the sign, called the "Shield of David", is placed beside the name of each angel.[64]

text: This book is of Karaite, and not of Rabbinic Jewish origin, and it does not describe the shape of the sign in any way.

text: Miscellaneous

text:
In Unicode, the "Star of David" symbol is U+2721 (✡).
The world's largest Star of David (2,400 metres (7,900 ft) diameter) is at Harold Holt Naval Communications Station, Exmouth, Australia at 21°48′57″S 114°09′57″E / 21.815927°S 114.165888°E / -21.815927; 114.165888.[65] (Google Earth view)
At London Heathrow Airport in the early 1950s were built six runways in ✡ layout, each a bit over a mile long.
Some criminal gangs, including the Gangster Disciples and those affiliated with the Folk Nation, use the Star of David as their symbol. In the case of the Gangster Disciples this is a reference to the group's founder, David Barksdale, also known as "King David".
The insignia of the Trinidad and Tobago Police Service has included a hexagram since the end of the 19th century.[66]

text: Gallery

text:
Star in the Schneider Synagogue, Istanbul

Star in the Ari Ashkenazi Synagogue, Safed

The Magen David Adom emblem

A synagogue in Karlsruhe, Germany, with the outline of a Star of David

A recruitment poster published in American Jewish magazines during WWI. Daughter of Zion (representing the Jewish people): Your Old New Land must have you! Join the Jewish regiment.

Roundel displayed on Israeli Air Force aircraft, 1948–present

Stained glass Star of David

USVA headstone emblem 3

USVA headstone emblem 44

Morocco horse cover embroidery


document_title: President of the Senate

question_text: who was the first president of the senate

text: President of the Senate

text: Argentina[edit]

text: The Argentine Senate is presided over by the Vice-President of the Republic, currently Gabriela Michetti. This was a recent expansion of the Vice-President's powers introduced as part of the 1994 constitutional amendments (Constitution, Art. 57). The Vice-President may only cast a vote to break a tied Senate vote.

text: Australia[edit]

text: The President of the Australian Senate is a senator, traditionally a member of the governing party or coalition, elected by the Senate at the beginning of each parliament as the first item of business. They are assisted by a Deputy President who is traditionally a member of the largest opposition party.[1] The current president is Scott Ryan, a Liberal senator from Victoria, who has held the office since 13 November 2017.[2]

text: Barbados[edit]

text: At the start of every parliamentary session, the Senate of Barbados elects a President and a Vice President, neither of whom may be ministers or parliamentary secretaries. Prior to the January 2008 general election, the positions were held by Sir Fred Gollop and Dame Patricia Symmonds.

text: Belgium[edit]

text: The presiding officer of the Belgian Senate is elected by the senators at the beginning of each parliamentary term. The President of the Senate is customarily a member of a majority party with a great deal of political experience. The president presides over the plenary assembly of the Senate, guides and controls debates in the assembly, is responsible for ensuring the democratic functioning of the Senate, maintains order and security in the assembly and for enforcing the Rules of the Senate, and represents the Senate at both the national (to the other institutions) and the international level.

text: The President of the Senate, together with the President of the Chamber of Representatives, ranks immediately behind the King in the order of precedence. The elder of the two takes the second place in the order of precedence. The Presidents of the Senate and the Chamber rank above the Prime Minister.

text: Belize[edit]

text: The Senate of Belize elects both a president and a vice-president upon first convening after a general election. The person elected president may be a senator (provided he/she does not concurrently hold a ministerial position) or a person external to the Senate. The vice-president must be a member of the Senate who does not hold a ministerial portfolio. (Constitution, section 66.)[3]

text: The current[update] President is Andrea Gill, with Juliet Thimbriel as Vice-President.

text: Brazil[edit]

text: The current[update] President of Brazil's Federal Senate is Eunício Oliveira.

text: The President of the Federal Senate is the third in order to succeed the president (only below the Vice President and the President of the Chamber of Deputies). It is also the president of the National Congress, which includes the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies.

text: Burundi[edit]

text: The President of the Senate of Burundi, since 17 August 2005, is Molly Beamer of the CNDD-FDD. The president is assisted in his work by two vice-presidents.

text: Cambodia[edit]

text: The Senate of Cambodia is led by a 12-person permanent commission (bureau), which is in turn chaired by the President of the Senate, currently Say Chhum. He is assisted by a First and a Second Vice-President.[4] The President and Vice-Presidents are elected as the first item of business at the start of every legislative session.[5]

text: Canada[edit]

text: While the Speaker of the Senate of Canada, who serves as the presiding officer of the Senate of Canada, is not described as a "president" in English, the position is called Président du Sénat in French. He is appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister.

text: Chile[edit]

text: The President of the Senate of Chile is elected from among the country's senators. The current[update] holder of the position, since March 2010, is Jorge Pizarro.

text: Colombia[edit]

text: The President of the Senate – Javier Cáceres Leal for the 2009–10 period – also serves as the President of the Congress of Colombia.

text: Fiji[edit]

text: The members of the former Senate of Fiji (abolished in 2012) used to elect from among their number both a President and Vice-President, whose roles were similar to those of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the House of Representatives, respectively.

text: The last persons to hold those positions were Kinijoji Maivalili (President) and Hafiz Khan (Vice-President). The military coup of 5 December 2006 brought their terms to a premature end.

text: Danzig[edit]

text: In the Free City of Danzig (1920–1939/1945), the Senate (or Senat in German) was the executive branch, with Senators (Senatoren) being the holders of ministerial portfolios. In Danzig the President of the Senate (Präsident des Senats) was an office equivalent to that of prime minister in other countries.

text: France[edit]

text: The Senate of France elects a president from among its own number. The President of the French Senate stands first in line of succession in case of death or resignation of the President of the Republic, becoming acting president until a presidential election can be held. This most recently occurred with Alain Poher, who was senate president from 1968 to 1992 and who served as interim president on two occasions: following Charles de Gaulle's resignation in 1969, and following Georges Pompidou's death in office in 1974.

text: Since 2014, the position has been held by Gérard Larcher of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP).

text: Germany[edit]

text: In the German states of Bremen (Senate of Bremen) and Hamburg (Senate of Hamburg), the Senates (or Senate in German) are the executive branch, with Senators (Senatoren) being the holders of ministerial portfolios. In these Länder, the President of the Senate (Präsident des Senats) is an office equivalent to that of minister-president in other German Länder.

text: Italy[edit]

text: The Senate of Italy holds its first sitting no later than 20 days after a general election. That session, presided by the oldest senator, proceeds to elect the President of the Senate for the following parliamentary period. On the first two attempts at voting, an absolute majority (a majority of all senators) is needed; if a third round is needed, a candidate can be elected by a majority of the senators present and voting. If this third round fails to produce a winner, a final ballot is held between the two senators with the highest votes in the previous ballot. In the case of a tie, the elder senator is deemed the winner.

text: In addition to overseeing the business of the chamber, chairing and regulating debates, deciding whether motions and bills are admissible, representing the Senate, etc., the President of the Senate stands in for the President of the Republic when s/he is unable to perform his/her duties.[6]

text: The current President of the Senate is Pietro Grasso. For a historical listing, see: List of Presidents of the Senate of Italy.

text: Liberia[edit]

text: While the Vice President of Liberia serves as President of the Senate, the senators also elect from among their number a President pro tempore to lead the chamber's day-to-day business.

text: Malaysia[edit]

text: The Senate of Malaysia elects a president from its members, who is comparable to the Speaker of the House of Representatives. The position is partisan and has usually been held by a member of the Government party.

text: Mexico[edit]

text: The Senate of Mexico, at the beginning of each annual legislative session, elects an Executive Board (Mesa Directiva) from among its 128 members. The Executive Board comprises a president, three vice-presidents, and four secretaries, elected by an absolute majority of the Senators. Members of the Executive Board may be re-elected for the following year without restriction. The President of the Executive Board also serves as the President of the Senate.

text: The President of the Senate for the 2015–16 period of sessions is Roberto Gil Zuarth, a National Action Party (PAN) senator for Chiapas.

text: Nigeria[edit]

text: The President of the Senate is the presiding officer of the Senate of Nigeria, elected by its membership.

text: The current[update] President of the Senate is Dr. Bukola Saraki, who represents Kwara State for the APC.

text: Peru[edit]

text: Peru had a bicameral Congress from 1829 until 1992. The President of the Senate was elected by the Senate members to preside over the sessions for one year.

text: Philippines[edit]

text: Poland[edit]

text: Puerto Rico[edit]

text: Romania[edit]

text: The first session of the Senate is headed by the eldest senator. In that session the senators elect the Standing Bureau of the Romanian Senate. It consists of the President of the Senate, four vice-presidents, four secretaries, and four quaestors. The President of the Standing Bureau also serves as the President of the Senate. The President is elected, by secret ballot, for the duration of the legislative period.[7] The Senate president succeeds temporarily the President of Romania if the latter resigns, is suspended, incapacitated or dies in office. (He/she continues to be President of the Senate during the ad-interim presidency of the country. He/she acts as President until a new president is elected).

text: South Africa[edit]

text: The Senate of South Africa was the upper house of Parliament between 1910 and 1981, and between 1994 and 1997. During both periods, the Senate was led by a President.

text: Spain[edit]

text: Sri Lanka[edit]

text: The Senate of Ceylon was the upper house of Parliament between 1947 and 1971. During this periods, the Senate was led by a President.

text: Trinidad and Tobago[edit]

text: The President of the Senate of Trinidad and Tobago, who is generally elected from the government benches, chairs debates in the chamber and stands in for the country's president during periods of absence or illness (Constitution, section 27).[8] A Vice-President of the Senate is also elected from among the senators. The current President of the Senate is Christine Kangaloo.

text: United States[edit]

text: The Vice President of the United States is assigned the responsibility of presiding over the Senate and designated as its president by the United States Constitution. The vice president, as President of the Senate, has the authority (ex officio, for he or she is not an elected member of the Senate) to cast a tie-breaking vote. Other than this, the rules of the Senate grant its president very little power (in contrast to the powerful office of Speaker of the House of Representatives).

text: While vice presidents used to regularly preside over the Senate, modern vice presidents have done so only rarely, usually only when swearing in new senators, during joint sessions, announcing the result of a vote on a significant bill or confirmation, or when casting a tie-breaking vote. The Senate chooses a president pro tempore to preside in the vice president's absence. Modern presidents pro tempore, too, rarely preside over the Senate. In practice, the junior senators of the majority party typically preside in order to learn Senate procedure.

text: Vice presidents have cast 261 tie-breaking votes since the U.S. federal government was established in 1789. The vice president with the most tie breaking votes is John Adams (served 1789–1797) with 29. The current Vice President Mike Pence, in office since January 2017, has made six tie-breaking votes.[9]

text: U.S. state senates[edit]

text: In state governments of the United States, the presiding officer of the state senate (the upper house) is a matter decided by the state's constitution. Some states designate the lieutenant governor as president of the senate, while in other states, the Senate elects its own president. The Tennessee Senate elects a senator Speaker of the Senate, who is given the title of Lieutenant Governor.

text: Similarly, New Hampshire has no lieutenant governor, but the state senate elects a president who is the de facto lieutenant governor, given that in the event of the governor's death, resignation, or inability to serve, the president of the senate acts as governor until the vacancy is filled. New Jersey previously used the same system, but with the important proviso that the Senate president continued to serve in that position while also serving as acting governor. After Christine Todd Whitman resigned as governor, Donald DiFrancesco spent nearly a year as acting governor. As a result of his tenure, questions were raised about the propriety of such a system, particularly with regard to separation of powers–related issues. A constitutional amendment was enacted in 2005 to create the office of lieutenant governor effective at the 2009 election.

text: Uruguay[edit]

text: The Vice President of Uruguay presides over the country's 30-member Senate.