document_title: List of extreme points of the United States

question_text: what is the northernmost part of the continental united states

text: Northernmost points[edit]

text:
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Point Barrow, Alaska 71°23′20″N 156°28′45″W / 71.38889°N 156.47917°W / 71.38889; -156.47917 (Point Barrow) – northernmost point in all U.S. territory
Utqiaġvik, Alaska 71°17′44″N 156°45′59″W / 71.29556°N 156.76639°W / 71.29556; -156.76639 (Barrow) – northernmost incorporated place in all U.S. territory, population about 4,000
Fairbanks, Alaska 64°50′22.94″N 147°43′14.63″W / 64.8397056°N 147.7207306°W / 64.8397056; -147.7207306 (Fairbanks City Hall)  – northernmost city of more than 20,000 residents, and northernmost city with public road access
Anchorage, Alaska 61°13′4.17″N 149°53′33.17″W / 61.2178250°N 149.8925472°W / 61.2178250; -149.8925472 (Anchorage City Hall) – northernmost city of more than 100,000 residents
Northwest Angle Inlet in Lake of the Woods, Minnesota 49°23′04.1″N 95°9′12.2″W / 49.384472°N 95.153389°W / 49.384472; -95.153389 (Northwest Angle) – northernmost point in the 48 contiguous states (because of incomplete information at the time of the Treaty of Paris (1783) settling the American Revolutionary War)
Sumas, Washington 49°00′08.6″N 122°15′40″W / 49.002389°N 122.26111°W / 49.002389; -122.26111 (Sumas, WA) – northernmost incorporated place in the 48 contiguous states (because of 19th century survey inaccuracy placing the international border slightly north of the 49th parallel here.[1])
Lynden, Washington 48°56′43″N 122°27′10″W / 48.94528°N 122.45278°W / 48.94528; -122.45278 (Lynden City Hall)  – northernmost city of more than 10,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Bellingham, Washington 48°45′19.12″N 122°28′43.54″W / 48.7553111°N 122.4787611°W / 48.7553111; -122.4787611 (Bellingham City Hall)  – northernmost city of more than 50,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Everett, Washington 47°58′41″N 122°12′27″W / 47.97806°N 122.20750°W / 47.97806; -122.20750 (Everett City Hall)  – northernmost city of more than 100,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Spokane, Washington 47°39′37″N 117°25′25″W / 47.66028°N 117.42361°W / 47.66028; -117.42361 (Spokane City Hall)  – northernmost city of more than 200,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Seattle, Washington 47°36′13.81″N 122°19′48.56″W / 47.6038361°N 122.3301556°W / 47.6038361; -122.3301556 (Seattle City Hall)  – northernmost city of more than 500,000 residents in the United States
Alaska has the northernmost geographic center of all the states.  North Dakota has the northernmost geographic center of the 48 contiguous states.

text: Southernmost points[edit]

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Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica (90°0′0″S 0°0′0″E / 90.00000°S 0.00000°E / -90.00000; 0.00000 (South Pole)) – southernmost point under United States jurisdiction
Rose Atoll, American Samoa (14°34′11″S 168°9′10″W / 14.56972°S 168.15278°W / -14.56972; -168.15278 (Rose Atoll)) – southernmost point in all U.S.-controlled territory
Palmyra Atoll (5°53′2″N 162°4′42″W / 5.88389°N 162.07833°W / 5.88389; -162.07833) – southernmost point in all U.S. incorporated territory
Ka Lae, Hawaii (18°54′39″N 155°40′52″W / 18.91083°N 155.68111°W / 18.91083; -155.68111 (Ka Lae)) – southernmost point in the 50 states
Nā'ālehu, Hawaii (19°3′57″N 155°35′15″W / 19.06583°N 155.58750°W / 19.06583; -155.58750 (Nā'ālehu, HI)) – southernmost town in the 50 states
Hilo, Hawaii (19°41′58″N 155°4′51″W / 19.69944°N 155.08083°W / 19.69944; -155.08083) – southernmost place with a population over 25,000 in the 50 states
City and County of Honolulu, Hawaii (21°18′19″N 157°51′25″W / 21.30528°N 157.85694°W / 21.30528; -157.85694 (Honolulu City Hall)) – southernmost incorporated place in the 50 states (Hawaii's only incorporated place)
Western Dry Rocks, Florida (24°26.8′N 81°55.6′W / 24.4467°N 81.9267°W / 24.4467; -81.9267 (Western Dry Rocks)) – In the Florida Keys - southernmost point in the 48 contiguous states occasionally above water at low tide
Ballast Key, Florida (24°31′15″N 81°57′49″W / 24.52083°N 81.96361°W / 24.52083; -81.96361 (Ballast Key)) – southernmost point in the 48 contiguous states continuously above water
Key West, Florida (24°32′38.724″N 81°48′17.658″W / 24.54409000°N 81.80490500°W / 24.54409000; -81.80490500 (Key West, FL)) – southernmost incorporated place in the contiguous 48 states
Cape Sable, Florida (25°7′6″N 81°5′11″W / 25.11833°N 81.08639°W / 25.11833; -81.08639 (Cape Sable)) – southernmost point on the U.S. mainland
Florida City, Florida (25°26′54″N 80°28′57″W / 25.44833°N 80.48250°W / 25.44833; -80.48250 (Florida City City Hall)) – Southernmost municipality in the contiguous U.S.
Miami, Florida (25°43′40″N 80°14′2″W / 25.72778°N 80.23389°W / 25.72778; -80.23389 (Miami City Hall)) – the southernmost major metropolitan city in the 48 contiguous states
Cameron County, Texas (25°50′14.5″N 97°23′39.9″W / 25.837361°N 97.394417°W / 25.837361; -97.394417) – Southernmost point on the Mexico–United States border.
Hawaii has the southernmost geographic center of all the states.  Florida has the southernmost geographic center of the 48 contiguous states.

text: Easternmost points[edit]

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Point Udall, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands 17°45′19″N 64°33′54″W / 17.75528°N 64.56500°W / 17.75528; -64.56500 (Point Udall, St. Croix) – easternmost point in all U.S. territory, by direction of travel
Christiansted, United States Virgin Islands 17°44′54″N 64°43′00″W / 17.7482°N 64.7168°W / 17.7482; -64.7168 (Christainsted) – easternmost town in all U.S. territory, by direction of travel
Sail Rock, Maine 44°48′45.2″N 66°56′49.3″W / 44.812556°N 66.947028°W / 44.812556; -66.947028 (Sail Rock), just offshore of West Quoddy Head, Maine – easternmost point in the 50 states, by direction of travel
West Quoddy Head, Maine 44°48′55.4″N 66°56′59.2″W / 44.815389°N 66.949778°W / 44.815389; -66.949778 (West Quoddy Head) – easternmost point on the U.S. mainland
Lubec, Maine (44°49′03″N 66°57′00″W / 44.817419°N 66.949895°W / 44.817419; -66.949895 (Lubec, ME)) – easternmost incorporated place in the 50 states
Eastport, Maine (44°54′20″N 66°59′24″W / 44.90556°N 66.99000°W / 44.90556; -66.99000 (Eastport City Hall)) – easternmost incorporated city in the 50 states[2]
Calais, Maine (45°11′18″N 67°16′37″W / 45.18833°N 67.27694°W / 45.18833; -67.27694 (Calais City Hall)) – easternmost city of more than 2,500 residents in the 50 states
Houlton, Maine (46°7′37″N 67°50′22″W / 46.12694°N 67.83944°W / 46.12694; -67.83944 (Houlton City Hall) – easternmost city of more than 5,000 residents in the 50 states
Bangor, Maine – easternmost city of more than 20,000 residents in the 50 states
Portland, Maine – easternmost city of more than 50,000 residents in the 50 states
Boston, Massachusetts – easternmost major U.S. city (more than 500,000 residents)
Pochnoi Point, Semisopochnoi Island, Alaska 51°57′42″N 179°46′23″E / 51.96167°N 179.77306°E / 51.96167; 179.77306 (Pochnoi Point, Semisopochnoi Island) – easternmost point in all U.S. territory by longitude—ironically, in the Alaskan Aleutian Islands "west" of the westernmost point in the U.S. by longitude (Amatignak Island) due to interposition of 180° longitude, which conventionally divides "west" from "east" in geographic terms.
Peacock Point, Wake Island 19°16′13.2″N 166°39′26.3″E / 19.270333°N 166.657306°E / 19.270333; 166.657306 (Peacock Point, Wake Island) – first sunrise (at equinox) in all U.S. territory
Northern Islands Municipality, Northern Mariana Islands 16°01′38″N 146°03′52″E / 16.0271°N 146.0645°E / 16.0271; 146.0645 (Farallon de Medinilla) – easternmost municipality in all U.S. territory, by longitude
Maine has the easternmost geographic center of the 50 states.

text: Westernmost points[edit]

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Point Udall, Guam (13°26′51″N 144°37′5.5″E / 13.44750°N 144.618194°E / 13.44750; 144.618194 (Point Udall, Guam)) – westernmost point in all U.S. territory, by direction of travel
Peaked Island, offshore from Cape Wrangell, Attu Island, Alaska 52°55′14″N 172°26′16″E / 52.92056°N 172.43778°E / 52.92056; 172.43778 (Peaked Island) – westernmost point in the 50 states by direction of travel, and last sunset (at equinox) in all U.S. territory. West of it passes the International Date Line, after which come Russian territorial islands.
Amatignak Island, Alaska 51°16′7″N 179°8′55″W / 51.26861°N 179.14861°W / 51.26861; -179.14861 (Amatignak Island) – technically, westernmost point in all of U.S. territory by longitude, but not the westernmost of the U.S. Aleutian Islands. It possesses the highest longitude west figure (179°8'55"W) before 180° longitude, which passes west of it. After 180°, longitude is termed "east" and declines numerically.
Adak, Alaska 51°49′21″N 176°42′53″W / 51.8224°N 176.7147°W / 51.8224; -176.7147 (Adak, AK) – westernmost incorporated city in the 50 states
Unalaska, Alaska 53°53′20″N 166°31′38″W / 53.888984°N 166.527239°W / 53.888984; -166.527239 (Unalaska, AK) - westernmost city of more than 2,500 residents in the 50 states
Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska 65°38′32″N 168°7′8″W / 65.64222°N 168.11889°W / 65.64222; -168.11889 (Cape Prince of Wales) – westernmost point on the North American continent
Anchor Point, Alaska (59°46′20.8914″N 151°52′2.373″W / 59.772469833°N 151.86732583°W / 59.772469833; -151.86732583 (Anchor Point, AK)) – Westernmost point on the continuous road system of North America[3]
Umatilla Reef, offshore from Cape Alava, Washington (48°11.1′N 124°47.1′W / 48.1850°N 124.7850°W / 48.1850; -124.7850 (Umatilla Reef)) – westernmost point in the 48 contiguous states occasionally above water at low tide
Bodelteh Islands, offshore from Cape Alava, Washington 48°10′42.7″N 124°46′18.1″W / 48.178528°N 124.771694°W / 48.178528; -124.771694 (Bodelteh Islands) – westernmost point in the 48 contiguous states continuously above water
Cape Alava, Washington (48°9′51″N 124°43′59″W / 48.16417°N 124.73306°W / 48.16417; -124.73306 (Cape Alava)) – westernmost point on the U.S. mainland (contiguous)
Ozette, Washington (48°09′17″N 124°40′02″W / 48.154722°N 124.667222°W / 48.154722; -124.667222 (Ozette, WA)) – westernmost town in the 48 contiguous states
Port Orford, Oregon 42°45′15″N 124°30′45″W / 42.754065°N 124.512605°W / 42.754065; -124.512605 (Port Orford, OR) – westernmost incorporated place in the 48 contiguous states
Brookings, Oregon 42°03′19″N 124°17′15″W / 42.0553°N 124.2875°W / 42.0553; -124.2875 (Brookings City Hall) – westernmost city of more than 5,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Coos Bay, Oregon 43°22′05″N 124°13′03″W / 43.3681°N 124.2174°W / 43.3681; -124.2174 (Coos Bay City Hall) – westernmost city of more than 10,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Eureka, California – westernmost city of more than 25,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Corvallis, Oregon – westernmost city of more than 50,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Eugene, Oregon – westernmost city of more than 100,000 residents in the 48 contiguous states
Portland, Oregon – westernmost city of more than 500,000 residents in the United States
Hawaii has the westernmost geographic center of all the states.  Oregon has the westernmost geographic center of the 48 contiguous states.

text: Interpretation of easternmost and westernmost[edit]

text: There are three methods for reckoning the eastern and western extremes of the United States.

text: One method is to use the Prime Meridian as the dividing line between east and west.  This meridian running through Greenwich, London, is defined as zero degrees longitude and could be called the least eastern and least western place in the world.  The 180th meridian, on the opposite side of the globe, is therefore the easternmost and westernmost place in the world.

text: Another method is to use the International Date Line as the easternmost–westernmost extreme.  On the equinox, the easternmost place would be where the day first begins, and the westernmost is where the day last ends.[citation needed]

text: Still another method is to first determine the geographic center of the country and from there measure the shortest distance to every other point.  All U.S. territory is spread across less than 180° of longitude, so from any spot in the U.S. it is more direct to reach Point Udall, U.S. Virgin Islands, by traveling east than by traveling west.  Likewise, there is not a single point in U.S. territory from which heading east is a shorter route to Point Udall, Guam, than heading west would be, even accounting for circumpolar routes. The two Udalls for whom the two Points are named were brothers, Mo Udall in Guam and Stewart Udall in the Virgin Islands.[4]

text: Highest points[edit]

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Denali, Alaska 63°4′9″N 151°0′23″W / 63.06917°N 151.00639°W / 63.06917; -151.00639 (Mount McKinley) – highest summit in the United States, all US territories, and North America at 20,310 feet (6,190.5 m)[5]
Mount Whitney,[note 1][6][7][8] California 36°34′43″N 118°17′31″W / 36.57861°N 118.29194°W / 36.57861; -118.29194 (Mount Whitney) – highest point in the 48 contiguous states at 14,505 feet (4,421 m)
Mount Elbert,[note 2][9][10] Colorado  – highest point on the Continental Divide of North America at 14,440 feet (4,400 m)
Mauna Kea,[note 3][11] Hawaiʻi 19°49′14″N 155°28′5″W / 19.82056°N 155.46806°W / 19.82056; -155.46806 (Mauna Kea) – highest island summit in all U.S. territory and the entire Pacific Ocean at 13,796 feet (4,205 m)
Taos Ski Valley, New Mexico 36°35′52″N 105°26′42″W / 36.59778°N 105.44500°W / 36.59778; -105.44500 (Taos Ski Valley, New Mexico) – highest village limits in all U.S. territory at 12,581 feet (3,835 m) (No residents of Taos Ski Valley live above 10,350 feet (3,150 m))[12]
Winter Park, Colorado 39°53′34″N 105°45′43″W / 39.89278°N 105.76194°W / 39.89278; -105.76194 (Winter Park, CO) – highest city limits in all U.S. territory at 12,060 feet (3,680 m) (No residents of Winter Park live above 9,550 feet (2,910 m))
San Juan County, Colorado 37°49′N 107°40′W / 37.817°N 107.667°W / 37.817; -107.667 (San Juan County, Colorado) – highest U.S. county based on a mean elevation (11,240 feet (3,430 m))
Alma, Colorado 39°17′2″N 106°3′46″W / 39.28389°N 106.06278°W / 39.28389; -106.06278 (Alma, Colorado) – highest town in all U.S. territory at 10,355 feet (3,156 m); contiguous residential areas extend to 11,680 feet (3,560 m).
Leadville, Colorado 39°14′50″N 106°17′30″W / 39.24722°N 106.29167°W / 39.24722; -106.29167 (Leadville, Colorado) – highest city in all U.S. territory at 10,152 feet (3,094 m). (No residents of Leadville live above 10,360 feet (3,160 m))
Lake County Airport, Colorado 39°13′13″N 106°19′00″W / 39.22028°N 106.31667°W / 39.22028; -106.31667 (Lake County Airport) – highest airfield in all U.S. territory and North America at 9,927 feet (3,026 m)
New Mexico State Capitol, Santa Fe 35°40′56″N 105°56′23″W / 35.68222°N 105.93972°W / 35.68222; -105.93972 (New Mexico State Capitol) – highest state capitol in the United States at 7,005 feet (2,135 m)
State of Colorado 39°00′N 105°30′W / 39.000°N 105.500°W / 39.000; -105.500 (State of Colorado) – highest U.S. state based on an average elevation of 6,800 feet (2,100 m)
Mount Mitchell, North Carolina 35°45′53″N 82°15′54″W / 35.76472°N 82.26500°W / 35.76472; -82.26500 (Mount Mitchell) – highest point in eastern United States at 6,684 feet (2,037 m)
Mount Washington, New Hampshire 44°16′13″N 71°18′12″W / 44.27028°N 71.30333°W / 44.27028; -71.30333 (Mount Washington) – highest point in northeastern United States at 6,288 feet (1,917 m)
Arikaree River, Yuma County, Colorado at Kansas state line 39°58′42″N 102°3′6″W / 39.97833°N 102.05167°W / 39.97833; -102.05167 (Arikaree River) – highest U.S. state low point at 3,317 feet (1,011 m)
Beech Mountain, North Carolina 36°12′23″N 81°52′59″W / 36.20639°N 81.88306°W / 36.20639; -81.88306 is the highest incorporated community at an elevation of 5,506 feet (1,678 m) east of the Mississippi River.
Boone, North Carolina 36°12′41″N 81°40′7″W / 36.21139°N 81.66861°W / 36.21139; -81.66861 has the highest elevation (3,333 feet, 1015.9 m) of any town of its size (over 10,000 population) east of the Mississippi River.
Eisenhower Tunnel, west of Denver, Colorado, is the highest point on the Interstate Highway System, at 11,158 feet (3,401 m).

text: Lowest points[edit]

text:
Badwater Basin, Death Valley, California, 36°14′23″N 116°50′5″W / 36.23972°N 116.83472°W / 36.23972; -116.83472 (Badwater Basin) – lowest surface point in all U.S. territory and North America, at −279 feet (−85 m)[13]
Salton Sea, California, 33°19′59″N 115°50′3″W / 33.33306°N 115.83417°W / 33.33306; -115.83417 (Salton Sea) – lowest lake in all U.S. territory and North America, at −226 feet (−69 m)
Furnace Creek Airport, California 36°27′50″N 116°52′53″W / 36.46389°N 116.88139°W / 36.46389; -116.88139 (Furnace Creek Airport) – lowest airfield in all U.S. territory and Western Hemisphere, at −210 feet (−64 m)
Furnace Creek, California,[14] 36°27′29″N 116°52′15″W / 36.45806°N 116.87083°W / 36.45806; -116.87083 (Furnace Creek, California) – lowest settlement in all U.S. territory and Western Hemisphere, at −190 feet (−58 m)
Calipatria, California, 33°07′32″N 115°30′51″W / 33.12556°N 115.51417°W / 33.12556; -115.51417 (Calipatria, California) – lowest city in all U.S. territory and Western Hemisphere, at −184 feet (−56 m)
Ninth Ward of New Orleans, Louisiana, 30°02′40″N 89°56′47″W / 30.04444°N 89.94639°W / 30.04444; -89.94639 (Ninth Ward of New Orleans, LA) – lowest surface point in eastern United States, at −7 feet (−2.1 m)
New Orleans, Louisiana, 29°58′N 90°03′W / 29.967°N 90.050°W / 29.967; -90.050 (New Orleans, Louisiana) – lowest city over 250,000 population in all U.S. territory and Western Hemisphere, with an average elevation of −1.5 feet (−0.46 m)
State of Delaware 39°0′17″N 75°32′46″W / 39.00472°N 75.54611°W / 39.00472; -75.54611 (State of Delaware) – lowest state, with an average elevation of 60 feet (18 m)
Britton Hill, Florida, 30°59′18″N 86°16′55″W / 30.98833°N 86.28194°W / 30.98833; -86.28194 (Britton Hill, FL) – lowest state high point, at 345 feet (105 m)
Lake Superior bottom, Michigan, 46°54′31″N 86°35′52″W / 46.90861°N 86.59778°W / 46.90861; -86.59778 (Deepest Point in Lake Superior) – lowest freshwater point in all U.S. territory, at −732 feet (−223 m)[15]
Puget Sound bottom, Washington, 47°44.9′N 122°25.7′W / 47.7483°N 122.4283°W / 47.7483; -122.4283 (Deepest Point in Puget Sound) – lowest seawater point in the interior of the United States, at −956 feet (−291 m)[16]

text: Other points[edit]

text:
Most remote point in the 50 states: Ipnavik River, National Petroleum Reserve–Alaska, 68°45′N 156°41′W / 68.750°N 156.683°W / 68.750; -156.683 (most remote point);  120 miles (190 km) from nearest habitation
Geographic center of the 50 states: approximately 20 miles (32 km) north of Belle Fourche, South Dakota, 44°58′N 103°46′W / 44.967°N 103.767°W / 44.967; -103.767 (geographic center of 50 states)
Geographic center of the 48 contiguous states: approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) west of Lebanon, Kansas, 39°50′N 98°35′W / 39.833°N 98.583°W / 39.833; -98.583 (geographic center of 48 contiguous states)
Closest to the equator: Baker Island is at 0°11′41″N 176°28′46″W / 0.19472°N 176.47944°W / 0.19472; -176.47944 (Baker Island).[17][18]
The geographic center of North America is at 48°10′N 100°10′W / 48.167°N 100.167°W / 48.167; -100.167 (Geographic center of the North American continent), about 6 miles (10 km) west of Balta, in Pierce County, North Dakota.[19]
The North American pole of inaccessibility is at 43°22′N 101°58′W / 43.367°N 101.967°W / 43.367; -101.967 (North American pole of inaccessibility), about eleven miles (18 km) southeast of the town of Kyle, on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, in Bennett County, South Dakota, 1,025 miles (1,650 km) from the nearest coastline.
The southwesternmost point of the contiguous United States is Border Field State Park, California.[20]
The northwesternmost point of the contiguous United States is Cape Flattery, Washington.[21]

text: Islands[edit]

text:
Island of Hawaiʻi, Hawaiʻi 19°49′15″N 155°28′5″W / 19.82083°N 155.46806°W / 19.82083; -155.46806 (Island of Hawaii) – most extensive island in all U.S. territory at 4,028 square miles (10,430 km2) and tallest island in all U.S. territory and the entire Pacific Ocean at 13,796 feet (4,205 m)
Kodiak Island, Alaska 57°28′N 153°26′W / 57.467°N 153.433°W / 57.467; -153.433 (Kodiak Island) – most extensive Gulf of Alaska island at 3,595.09 square miles (9,311.2 km2)
Island of Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico 18°15′N 66°30′W / 18.250°N 66.500°W / 18.250; -66.500 (Island of Puerto Rico) – most extensive island of U.S. Caribbean territory at 3,515.1 square miles (9,104 km2)
Prince of Wales Island, Alaska 55°37′55″N 132°54′27″W / 55.63194°N 132.90750°W / 55.63194; -132.90750 (Prince of Wales Island) – most extensive island of the Alexander Archipelago at 2,577 square miles (6,670 km2)
Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska 63°24′54″N 170°23′58″W / 63.41500°N 170.39944°W / 63.41500; -170.39944 (Saint Lawrence Island) – most extensive Bering Sea island at 1,791.56 square miles (4,640.1 km2)
Unimak Island, Alaska 54°46′6″N 164°11′12″W / 54.76833°N 164.18667°W / 54.76833; -164.18667 (Unimak Island) – most extensive Aleutian island at 1,571.41 square miles (4,069.9 km2)
Long Island, New York 40°52′10″N 73°00′00″W / 40.86944°N 73.00000°W / 40.86944; -73.00000 (Long Island) – most extensive island of the U.S. Atlantic coast at 1,401 square miles (3,630 km2)
Padre Island, Texas 26°50′40″N 97°22′04″W / 26.84444°N 97.36778°W / 26.84444; -97.36778 (Padre Island) – most extensive Gulf of Mexico island at 209 square miles (540 km2) and longest barrier island on Earth at 113 miles (182 km)
Isle Royale in Lake Superior, Michigan 48°0′N 88°55′W / 48.000°N 88.917°W / 48.000; -88.917 (Isle Royale) – most extensive island in a lake in all U.S. territory at 206.73 square miles (535.4 km2)
Whidbey Island, Washington 48°8′11″N 122°34′57″W / 48.13639°N 122.58250°W / 48.13639; -122.58250 (Whidbey Island) – most extensive island of Puget Sound at 168.67 square miles (436.9 km2)
Santa Cruz Island, California 34°0′13″N 119°43′35″W / 34.00361°N 119.72639°W / 34.00361; -119.72639 (Santa Cruz Island) – most extensive of the Channel Islands of California at 97 square miles (250 km2)

text: Lakes[edit]

text:
Lake Michigan-Huron 45°48′N 84°45′W / 45.800°N 84.750°W / 45.800; -84.750 (Lake Michigan-Huron) – largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area, at 45,300 square miles (117,000 km2), of which 31,507 square miles (81,600 km2) is within the United States.
Lake Superior 47°42′N 87°30′W / 47.700°N 87.500°W / 47.700; -87.500 – Lying along the Canada–United States border, it is the second largest freshwater lake in the world by surface area, at 31,700 sq mi (82,100 km2), of which 20,600 square miles (53,350 km2) is within the United States.[22] It is also North America's largest lake by volume, at 2,900 cu mi (12,000 km3); it is commonly called the largest lake by surface area when Lake Michigan and Lake Huron are not considered one lake.
Great Salt Lake, Utah, 41°10′N 112°35′W / 41.167°N 112.583°W / 41.167; -112.583 (Great Salt Lake) – most extensive endorheic lake, at 1,700 square miles (4,400 km2)
Crater Lake, Oregon, 42°57′N 122°5′W / 42.950°N 122.083°W / 42.950; -122.083 (Deepest point in Crater Lake) – deepest lake, at 1,943 feet (592 m)[23]

text: Rivers[edit]

text:
Mississippi River 29°9′4″N 89°15′12″W / 29.15111°N 89.25333°W / 29.15111; -89.25333 (Mississippi River) – most extensive river basin at 1,151,000 square miles (2,980,000 km2)
Mississippi-Missouri-Jefferson Rivers 29°9′4″N 89°15′12″W / 29.15111°N 89.25333°W / 29.15111; -89.25333 (Mississippi-Missouri-Jefferson Rivers) – longest river system at 3,902 miles (6,280 km)
Missouri River 38°48′49″N 90°7′11″W / 38.81361°N 90.11972°W / 38.81361; -90.11972 (Missouri River) – longest main stem river at 2,341 miles (3,767 km)
Mississippi River 29°9′4″N 89°15′12″W / 29.15111°N 89.25333°W / 29.15111; -89.25333 (Mississippi River) – longest Gulf of Mexico main stem river at 2,202 miles (3,544 km)
Yukon River 62°35′55″N 164°47′40″W / 62.59861°N 164.79444°W / 62.59861; -164.79444 (Yukon River) – longest Bering Sea main stem river at 1,979 miles (3,185 km)
Colorado River 31°48′57″N 114°48′22″W / 31.81583°N 114.80611°W / 31.81583; -114.80611 (Colorado River) – longest Gulf of California main stem river at 1,450 miles (2,330 km)
Columbia River 46°14′39″N 124°3′29″W / 46.24417°N 124.05806°W / 46.24417; -124.05806 (Columbia River) – longest Pacific Ocean main stem river at 1,243 miles (2,000 km)
Saint Lawrence River 49°40′N 64°30′W / 49.667°N 64.500°W / 49.667; -64.500 (Saint Lawrence River) – longest Atlantic Ocean main stem river at 600 miles (970 km)
Bear River 41°27′30″N 112°17′25″W / 41.45833°N 112.29028°W / 41.45833; -112.29028 (Bear River) – longest endorheic basin main stem river at 491 miles (790 km)

text: Extreme distances[edit]

text:
Greatest east–west distance in the 48 contiguous states: 2,800 miles (4,500 km)
Greatest north–south distance in the 48 contiguous states: 1,650 miles (2,660 km).[24]
Greatest distance between any two points in U.S. territory: 9,514 miles (15,311 km), from Point Udall, Guam, to Point Udall, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (formerly known as Orote Point and East Point, respectively).[25]
Greatest distance between any two points in the 50 states: 5,859 miles (9,429 km), from Kure Atoll, Hawaii, to Log Point, Elliott Key, Florida.[25]
Greatest distance between any two points in the contiguous 48 states: 2,901 miles (4,669 km), from North Farallon Island, California, to Sail Rock, east of West Quoddy Head, Maine.[25]
Greatest distance between any two mainland points in the contiguous 48 states: 2,892 miles (4,654 km), from Point Arena, California, to West Quoddy Head, Maine.[25]
Greatest east–west distance in U.S. territory [?]: 5,823 miles (9,371 km), from Kure Atoll, Hawaii, to Riviera Beach, Florida.[25]


document_title: Nandalal Bose

question_text: who iluminate original document of constitution of india

root

text: Nandalal Bose

text: Early life[edit]

text: Nandalal was born on 3 December 1882 in a middle-class Bengali family of Kharagpur, in, Munger district of Bihar state. His father, Purnachandra Bose, was at that time working in the Darbhanga Estate.[6] His mother Kshetramonidevi was a housewife with a skill in improvising toys and dolls for young Nandalal. From his early days Nandalal began taking an interest in modelling images and later, decorating Puja pandals.

tag: p

text: In 1898, at the age of fifteen, Nandalal moved to Calcutta for his high school studies in the Central Collegiate School. After clearing his examinations in 1902, he continued his college studies at the same institution. In June 1903 he married Sudhiradevi, the daughter of a family friend. Nanadalal wanted to study art, but he was not given permission by his family. Unable to qualify for promotion in his classes, Nandalal moved to other colleges, joining the Presidency College in 1905 to study commerce. After repeated failures, he persuaded his family to let him study art at Calcutta's School of Art.[7]

text: Career[edit]

text: As a young artist, Nandalal Bose was deeply influenced by the murals of the Ajanta Caves. He had become part of an international circle of artists and writers seeking to revive classical Indian culture; a circle that already included Okakura Kakuzō, William Rothenstein, Yokoyama Taikan, Christiana Herringham, Laurence Binyon, Abanindranath Tagore, and the seminal London Modernist sculptors Eric Gill and Jacob Epstein.[8][9]

text: To mark the 1930 occasion of Mahatma Gandhi's arrest for protesting the British tax on salt, Bose created a black on white linocut print of Gandhi walking with a staff. It became the iconic image for the non-violence movement.

text: His genius and original style were recognised by famous artists and art critics like Gaganendranath Tagore, Ananda Coomaraswamy and O. C. Ganguli. These lovers of art felt that objective criticism was necessary for the development of painting and founded the Indian Society of Oriental Art.

text: He became principal of the Kala Bhavana (College of Arts) at Tagore's International University Santiniketan in 1922.

text: He was also famously asked by Jawaharlal Nehru to sketch the emblems for the Government of India's awards, including the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Shri.[10] Along with his students, Nandalal Bose took up the historic task of beautifying/decorating the original manuscript of the Constitution of India.[11]

text: He died on 16 April 1966 in Calcutta.

text: Today, the National Gallery of Modern Art in Delhi holds 7000 of his works in its collection, including a 1930 black and white linocut of the Dandi March depicting Mahatma Gandhi, and a set of seven posters he later made at the request of Mahatma Gandhi for the 1938 Haripura Session of the Indian National Congress.[12]

text: His place in Indian Art[edit]

text: In his introduction for the Christie's catalogue, R. Siva Kumar wrote-[13]

text: Nandalal Bose (1882–1966) occupies a place in the history of Modern Indian art that combines those of Raphael and Durer in the history of the Renaissance. Like Raphael Nandalal was a great synthesizer, his originality lay in his ability to marshal discrete ideas drawn from Abanindranath Tagore, Rabindranath Tagore, E. B. Havell, Ananda Coomaraswamy, Okakura Kakuzo and Mahatma Gandhi into a unique and unified programme for the creation of a new art movement in India. And like Durer he combined a passion bordering on devotion with an irrepressible analytical mind that compelled him to prise open different art traditions and unravel their syntactic logic, and make them accessible to a new generation of Indian artists. But he did this so quietly and without self-assertive fanfare that the significance of his work is yet to be fully grasped even in India.

text: Students[edit]

text: Some of his students were Benode Behari Mukherjee, Ramkinkar Baij, Beohar Rammanohar Sinha, K. G. Subramanyan, A. Ramachandran, Henry Dharmasena, Pratima Thakur, Ramananda Bandopadhyay, Sovon Som, Jahar Dasgupta, Sabita Thakur, Menaja Swagnesh, Yash Bombbut, Satyajit Ray, Dinkar K Kowshik and Kondapalli Seshagiri Rao.

text: Also A.D.Jayathilake was one of his student from Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and had the opportunity to study under Dr.Nandalal Bose in the final batch (1948-1952).[14] Dr. Nandalal Bose's uniquely drawn two paintings; "Arjuna Tree"[15] and "Mango trees"[16] are currently with his Sri Lankan Student (A.D.Jaythilake).

text: Honours and awards[edit]

text: In 1956, he became the second artist to be elected Fellow of the Lalit Kala Akademi, India's National Academy of Art. In 1954, Nandalal Bose was awarded the Padma Vibhushan.

text: In 1957, the University of Calcutta conferred honorary D.Litt on him.[17] Vishvabharati University honoured him by conferring on him the title of 'Deshikottama'.

text: The Academy of Fine Arts in Calcutta honoured Nandalal with the Silver Jubilee Medal. The Tagore Birth Centenary Medal was awarded to Nandalal Bose in 1965 by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.


document_title: Life Unexpected

question_text: how many episodes are in season 2 of life unexpected

text: Life Unexpected

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired113January 18, 2010 (2010-01-18)April 12, 2010 (2010-04-12)213September 14, 2010 (2010-09-14)January 18, 2011 (2011-01-18)

tag: table

text: Plot[edit]

text: Lux Cassidy (Britt Robertson) has been through the foster care system for almost her whole life. Cate Cassidy (Shiri Appleby) gave birth to her at 16 but gave her up for adoption after Social Services promised her that the baby would be adopted quickly. But the baby had heart problems (ventricular septal defect) and needed countless surgeries, so she was not a desirable candidate for adoption and ended up in the foster-care system and group homes.

text: Just before her 16th birthday, Lux is petitioning the court to become an emancipated minor, but she learns that she must get signatures from her unknown birth parents.

text: First she locates her father, Nate Bazile (Kristoffer Polaha), who operates the Open Bar, a business he operates out of a building his own father gave him. "Baze" lives like an overgrown frat boy above the bar with two roommates: his childhood best friend Math (Austin Basis), a high-school teacher; and Jamie (Reggie Austin), who also works at the bar. However, even when he signs the papers, Baze discovers that he is already bonding with his newfound daughter, and realizes that she has his eyes.

text: It is Baze who introduces Lux to her mother Cate Cassidy, co-host of the "Morning Madness" drive time show at Portland radio station K-100 and Baze's former one-night stand from high school. Lux has been listening to Cate's voice on the radio for as long as she can remember, so she feels an instant connection to the mom she's never met. Baze takes Lux to meet Cate, who is shocked and saddened to learn that Lux has grown up in foster care instead of the real adoptive home she had been promised her baby would have, and she's reluctant to commit to her daughter. Eventually Cate wants to be a part of Lux's life, and she shows that she really does care.

text: When a judge decides that Lux isn't ready for emancipation and unexpectedly grants temporary joint custody to Baze and Cate, they agree to try to get past the awkwardness. Because of her radio-host job and suitable house, Cate is given primary custody of Lux. Ryan Thomas (Kerr Smith), her radio-broadcast partner and fiancé, also bonds with Lux and is sometimes better able to reach her than her parents, because he's faced issues similar to hers.

text: As the series progresses, Baze becomes more responsible and works harder to get the bar and the loft apartment in shape so it's fit for Lux to stay with him sometimes; eventually he sets aside a corner of the loft for her bedroom. Their close bond is causing slacker-esque Baze to prove that he can come through for Lux and provide support and love. As for Cate, she constantly disappoints Lux, but she does mean well, and Alice (Erin Karpluk), producer of her radio show, often serves as her much-needed confidante.

text: Ryan breaks up with Cate, but eventually they reconcile and the engagement is back on. He also relents a bit towards Baze after the two have drinks and Baze explains that all he is to Cate is Lux's father. But by the series' send, Baze and Ryan are good friends.

text: Baze's bar is owned by his father Jack (Robin Thomas), who considers Baze a disappointment, but softens towards him somewhat in later episodes, due to Lux's entrance in their lives. Baze himself later buys the bar. Also seen is Cate's four-times-divorced mother, who had convinced Cate to give up Lux; and Baze's level-headed, understanding mother Ellen (Susan Hogan). Both love Lux when they meet her, though Ellen seems to have the stronger grandmotherly bond with her.

text: Lux had been attending Longfellow High, a rough high school in Portland, but Cate enrolls her at Westmonte High, the alma mater of herself, Baze, and Math, and the institution at which Math currently teaches. At first infuriated, Lux soon adapts and makes friends, among them popular Jones Mager (Austin Butler) who is the quarterback like her father was. Meanwhile, she wonders how friends from her old life might fit into her new one. Tasha Siviac has been her best friend since she was seven (they met at Sunnyvale, the foster-care home), and Lux hopes to stay in touch with her, her boyfriend Gavin, and Lux's own first boyfriend Bug, who has been in trouble with the law; this might imperil Lux's new life with Baze and Cate. Lux's longtime social worker Fern Redmund is instrumental in helping Cate and Baze get their parental rights reinstated and helping the three become an official family. Fern thus becomes a family friend.

text: At various times Baze incurs Cate's wrath by sleeping with Cate's younger sister, Lux's Aunt Abby, a neurotic therapist and yoga practitioner. Baze also sleeps with Ryan's sister Paige after a drunk incident in season two.

text: Lux meets a young man, Eric Daniels, at Baze's bar; after she goes on a date with him she discover that he is her new teacher. The second season deals with this affair, which ends when Eric leaves town when Cate and Baze threaten to call the police if he doesn't resign his job and leave Portland; Cate and Ryan's new marriage and attempts to conceive; and Baze's relationship with coworker Emma Bradshaw who has a son, Sam. Later Tasha becomes more a part of the family's life after she strikes out on her own. Bug and Gavin disappear, Bug having left town after Lux rejected his marriage proposal.

text: Cate miscarried her child with Ryan because of a condition she developed after having Lux. Lux being the only child she would ever have created a stronger bond between mother and daughter, and Lux finally realizes that she has a real mom who loves her and won't let anything or anyone harm her. After nearly giving in to desire, Baze breaks up with Emma after learning from Lux that Emma had had an affair with his dad. It didn't happen when Baze was going out with her, but it meant his dad cheating on his mother, and he decided that he could never be with Emma without thinking of his father.

text: The show then fast-forwards two years to Lux delivering the commencement speech at her graduation. It is revealed that Ryan and Julia are together and have a young son from their affair, and that Baze and Cate are finally together as a couple. Math and Alice are married and expecting. Jones also kisses Lux, revealing that they end up together, and Tasha is seen happy for them. Lux and Tasha prepare for college together. At the end, the family and friends take a photo together.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Britt Robertson as Lux Cassidy
Megan Charpentier as Young Little Lux Cassidy
Shiri Appleby as Cate Cassidy
Kristoffer Polaha as Nathaniel "Baze" Bazile
Kerr Smith as Ryan Thomas
Austin Basis as Matthew "Math" Rogers
Ksenia Solo as Natasha Siviac
Emma Caulfield as Emma Bradshaw
Arielle Kebbel as Paige
Austin Butler as Jones Mager
Lucia Walters as Fern Redmund
Erin Karpluk as Alice
Rafi Gavron as Bobby "Bug" Guthrie
Shaun Sipos as Eric Daniels
Landon Liboiron as Sam
Reggie Austin as Jamie

tag: ul

text: Background[edit]

text: Creator Liz Tigelaar came up with the idea for the show in 2007 and developed it with director Gary Fleder.[2] Tigelaar and Fleder pitched the show, then titled Light Years, to ABC Studios who accepted it. They then sold the show to The CW. In September 2008, The CW ordered the show to pilot.[3] After the pilot was ordered, ABC then dropped the show for financial reasons.[4] The show was then picked up by CBS Television Studios. The pilot was filmed in January 2009, being written by Tigelaar and directed by Fleder. Both also served as executive producers.

text: The CW announced the series in January 2009 under the working title of Light Years because the main character Lux's name means Light.[5] According to Tigelaar, the title "tested way too sci-fi"[6] and it was changed to LUX (the name of one of the lead characters) in April. This was quickly changed again into Life Unexpected, but at The CW Upfronts in May, the series was promoted as Parental Discretion Advised.[7][8] That June, the network reverted to the name Life UneXpected, again highlighting the name of the main character in capital letters. Initial advertising for the series in fall 2009 listed it without the capitalized "X", which became the final version as it appears now.

text: Production[edit]

text: While the show is set in Portland, Oregon, most of the filming was done in Vancouver, British Columbia. Scenes of Westmonte High are filmed at Sutherland Secondary School in North Vancouver and H. J. Cambie Secondary School in Richmond, British Columbia. The exterior of Baze's bar is located on Granville Island and the Ironworks Building in Vancouver. North Shore Studios, formally Lionsgate, was used as the primary studio for season one while Coast Mountain Film Studios housed the show for the second and final season.[9][10]

text: The show premiered on The CW on Monday, January 18, 2010. The 13-episode first season run ended on April 12, 2010. The series was picked up for a second season, for an initial thirteen episode order, which premiered on September 14, 2010, airing on Tuesdays at 9/8c following One Tree Hill.[11][12]

text: In October 2010, The CW ordered two additional scripts.[13] In November 2010 The CW declined to order the back 9 episodes for the show's second and final season, leaving the season's episode count at 13.[14] Members of the cast campaigned to save the show.[15] On December 6, 2010, series creator, Liz Tigelaar made the TV show's cancellation official via Twitter.[16][17]

text: One Tree Hill crossover[edit]

text: In an attempt to improve Life Unexpected's ratings by attracting One Tree Hill viewers, The CW aired a crossover event involving both programs on October 12, 2010.[18] Beginning with One Tree Hill installment "Nobody Taught Us to Quit", Haley James Scott (Bethany Joy Lenz) and Mia Catalano (Kate Voegele) traveled to Portland (where Life Unexpected is set) to perform at the Sugar Magnolia Music Festival hosted by K-100. Haley and Cate meet in the crossover and are "surprised to learn that they share a similar back story [as] mothers." "Music Faced," the Life Unexpected episode of the crossover, also featured Sarah McLachlan, Ben Lee and Rain Perry whose song "Beautiful Tree" serves as the series' opening theme.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2010)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUS viewers(millions)18-49Rating/Share11"Pilot"Gary FlederLiz TigelaarJanuary 18, 2010 (2010-01-18)2.74[19]1.2/3[20]
After going from foster home to foster home her whole life, fifteen-year-old Lux applies for emancipation from the foster care system. The paperwork requires the signatures of both of her birth parents, neither of whom she has met. Lux tracks down Baze, her father, to the bar he owns and lives above with his friends, and he tells her her mother is local radio personality Cate Cassidy. At the hearing the next day the judge rejects Lux's petition and places her instead in the temporary joint custody of Cate and Baze, to everyone's surprise. After breaking up with her fiancé, Ryan, Cate unexpectedly sleeps with Baze.
22"Home Inspected"Gary FlederLiz TigelaarJanuary 25, 2010 (2010-01-25)2.12[21]1.0/3[22]
Lux temporarily moves in with Cate, who is very worried about what Child Protective Services will think of her and Baze as parents. At work Cate is asked to read a statement over the radio denying she had a baby in high school, which a hurt Lux hears over the radio. After realizing how much she has hurt Lux, Cate sets the record straight on the radio the next day. Cate and Baze impress Fern, the CPS worker, who grants them permanent custody of Lux.
33"Rent Uncollected"Gary FlederLiz TigelaarFebruary 1, 2010 (2010-02-01)2.07[23]1.0/2[24]
Cate reluctantly attends a dinner for Lux at Baze’s parents' house, and the situation becomes complicated when Cate’s mother Laverne and sister Abby arrive unexpectedly. Meanwhile, worried about Lux's safety at her school, Cate arranges for her to transfer to Westmonte High, where Cate and Baze graduated. When Baze's father threatens to take away the bar because Baze can't pay the rent, Lux uses her own money to pay Baze's rent.
44"Bong Intercepted"Jeff MelmanEmily WhitesellFebruary 8, 2010 (2010-02-08)2.01[25]0.9/2[26]
After Lux is suspended from school, Cate desperately tries to get Lux's principal to drop the suspension. To get the principal's sympathy for Lux, Cate brings Lux's foster care file to the meeting with the principal, and another student manages to photocopy the file. Lux is distraught when photocopies from the file are stuck to her locker the next day for everyone to see. Meanwhile, Baze is upset when he discovers Cate and Ryan will host a radio station event at a competing bar.
55"Turtle Undefeated"Allan ArkushAdele LimFebruary 15, 2010 (2010-02-15)1.82[27]0.9/2[28]
Lux volunteers to host a classmate's party at Baze's loft, hoping to become more accepted by the students at her new school, but this fails when Baze finds out and lectures her about what she did. (This shows that Baze is shaking off his semi-frat boy behavior in favor of him becoming a father). Cate sees that Baze and Lux have made a great connection and she worries that she will never have a similar relationship with Lux.
66"Truth Unrevealed"Nick MarckJanet LeahyFebruary 22, 2010 (2010-02-22)1.96[29]0.9/2[30]
Baze joins Ryan and Cate on "Morning Madness" because of pressure from the station management, but the show does not go as expected. Worried about her boyfriend, Lux must convince Jones Mager, a popular high school track star, to not press charges against him.
77"Crisis Unaverted"Jerry LevineTaylor HamraMarch 1, 2010 (2010-03-01)1.88[31]0.8/2[32]
After learning that Tasha may have to move three hours away to a new foster home, Lux decides to help her find her mother who is still in Minneapolis. Baze and Ryan compete in a radio station contest as Cate worries about whether she should tell Ryan the whole truth about sleeping with Baze. After Tasha's mother rejects her, Lux asks Cate to take Tasha in, but she refuses.
88"Bride Unbridled"David PaymerSallie PatrickMarch 8, 2010 (2010-03-08)1.99[33]0.9/2[34]
Recently broken-up Cate and Ryan must host a wedding expo pretending to be an engaged couple, and things become even more awkward when Baze and Math show up to the same event. Meanwhile, Baze organizes for Jones to take Lux out to cheer her up after Tasha leaves and she moves out of Cate's.
99"Formal Reformed"J. Miller TobinLiz TigelaarMarch 15, 2010 (2010-03-15)2.11[35]1.0/3[35]
Jones asks Lux to the Winter Formal, but things become complicated with Bug returns to town. Recalling that the night of his Winter Formal was the night he and Cate conceived Lux, Baze decides to enlist Cate's therapist sister Abby to help him give Lux a sex talk. However, when Baze finds a condom in Lux's room later that night, he decides to go to the formal to check up, worrying that Lux hadn't listened. Cate is also at the formal, having volunteered to chaperon so she can see Lux in her dress. A fragile Baze sleeps with Abby after the formal.
1010"Family Therapized"Michael KatlemanDeidre ShawMarch 22, 2010 (2010-03-22)1.88[36]0.9/2[36]
Fern, Lux's social worker meets with Cate and Baze after Bug and Lux are picked up by the police. Cate tries to get Bug a job at the radio station, but her boss will not hire him as he wasn't as experienced as he needed to be. She becomes enraged after finding out Baze hires Bug, accusing him of undermining her attempts to make things right with Lux, since Lux became greatly upset that Cate said she could get him a job, but didn't. Lux tearfully tells her parents the truth about her feelings towards Cate's lack of concern while she was in foster care.
1111"Storm Weathered"Rick BotaMichael KramerMarch 29, 2010 (2010-03-29)2.05[37]0.9/3[37]
Cate discovers Abby and Baze have been sleeping together. Despite rejecting Jones at a party, Lux is hurt when later that same night she sees him kissing another girl. When a storm hits Portland, Cate becomes stranded at Baze's along with Abby and things get heated between the two sisters. Meanwhile, Lux and Ryan bond when they are forced to stay at the radio station during the storm and she shares with Ryan her history at Sunnyvale and how she met Natasha. The storm ruins Cate and Ryan's plans to elope.
1212"Father Unfigured"Elizabeth AllenAdele LimApril 5, 2010 (2010-04-05)1.73[38]0.8/2[38]
As Cate's wedding approaches, she decides to find her father who abandoned her as a child against the advisory of her mother. People from Bug's past trash Baze's bar when Bug can't pay them the money he owes them, forcing Lux to get Baze away from the bar for a few days so Bug can clean it up. Lux pleads with Cate to allow Baze to go on the trip to meet Cate's father, and the three of them go on a family road trip. Cate's father hurts her when she realizes he does not want to be a father to her, and she and Baze bond on the trip.
1313"Love Unexpected"Jerry LevineLiz TigelaarApril 12, 2010 (2010-04-12)1.80[39]0.9/3[39]
Cate's quickly approaching wedding forces her to deal with her feelings for both Ryan and Baze. Feeling he is not good enough for Cate, Baze denies he has feelings for her and Cate resolves to marry Ryan. Lux desperately tries to convince both Cate and Baze to admit their feelings, but a conversation with Ryan makes her think Cate and Baze together can never be more than a fantasy. After a heart-felt conversation with his father, Baze rushes to the church to tell Cate he loves her, although he was stuck in traffic that delayed him to bursting in through the doors, after as the priest marries them. Even after seeing Baze, Cate kisses Ryan showing she chooses him and not Baze and it disappoints him that he did not admit his feelings earlier when he had the chance.

text: Season 2 (2010–11)[edit]

text: The series was renewed by The CW for a second season on May 20, 2010. It was also moved to Tuesday nights at 9:00 p.m.[40]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUS viewers(millions)141"Ocean Uncharted"Gary FlederLiz Tigelaar & Sallie PatrickSeptember 14, 2010 (2010-09-14)1.65[41]
Cate and Ryan return from their honeymoon only to discover that major changes have been made at the radio station while they were gone. Lux meets Eric, a newcomer to Portland who comes into the bar while the place is closed. Baze struggles with his feelings for Cate, and ends up sleeping with the new bartender, Paige. Lux and Bug find themselves at major crossroads in their relationship after he asks her to marry him (she turns him down, and he angrily leaves town). Paige accidentally sets the bar on fire after leaving a lit cigarette in the bin. Baze, thinking Lux was asleep in the bar, rushes in to rescue her, and is hospitalized due to smoke inhalation. Cate is fired from the radio station; Lux is comforted by Baze after she tells him that Bug left town.
152"Parents Unemployed"Jerry LevinePatti Carr & Lara OlsenSeptember 21, 2010 (2010-09-21)1.57[42]
After being summoned to the principal's office, Cate and Baze learn that Lux is failing and must make big improvements in her grades, which results to Lux cheating on tests. Meanwhile, Cate starts the difficult process of finding another job and Baze decides to interview for a position at his father's firm to help pay for his burnt down bar, in which he meets Emma.
163"Criminal Incriminated"Nick MarckTaylor HamraSeptember 28, 2010 (2010-09-28)1.51[43]
Worried that she may not pass an important exam, Lux contemplates cheating and buys the answers off one of her classmates when she hears him talking about how he and his friends were going to cheat. Cate accidentally eats some banana bread that has been laced with pot by Paige and ends up having a very interesting day at work. Meanwhile, when a large sum of money goes missing from Cate's wallet, she and Ryan argue over whether or not, Ryan's slacking sister who was crashing at their house, had taken the money, as she owed Baze for destroying his bar.
174"Team Rebounded"Elizabeth AllenAdele LimOctober 5, 2010 (2010-10-05)1.51[44]
Cate attempts to bond with Ryan's new on-air partner, Kelly Campbell, after their work relationship turns bitter. But the plan backfires for Cate when Kelly accidentally reveals a secret to Ryan the next day, one Cate has been hiding from him. Tasha returns to Portland and tells Lux that she is now living with a new foster family, although Lux seemed to be quite familiar with Tasha's new foster parent. Also, Baze tries to convince a smitten Math to ask Paige out on a date.
185"Music Faced"Jerry LevineDeidre ShawOctober 12, 2010 (2010-10-12)1.59[45]
In a very special episode, Ryan hosts a music festival sponsored by the radio station and features One Tree Hill's Haley James Scott (Bethany Joy Galeotti) and Mia Catalano (Kate Voegele). Haley and Cate meet at the concert and discover that they have very similar backgrounds and when a secret of Cate's comes out, Cate turns to Haley for advice. Lux finds out that Eric is dating Paige. Meanwhile, Jones becomes interested in Tasha and Baze and Emma become a little closer when Baze's plan to take Emma backstage for an interview doesn't go as he thought. Cate and her mother confront one another about their pasts, after the latter loses Lux, while she was supposed to watch her; but when Lux needs comfort from Cate, she is there to give it to her.
196"Honeymoon Interrupted"Sanaa HamriChristopher FifeOctober 19, 2010 (2010-10-19)1.48[46]
To make up for the fact that they never had a proper honeymoon, Cate and Ryan go on a stay-cation at local hotel. But unfortunately for them, Baze's work retreat is at the same exact place. Cate begins to discover more and more about Ryan's old ex-girlfriend, Julia (Jaime Ray Newman), who was in one of their pictures in their wedding photo album. Baze attempts to trade rooms with Ryan and Cate to be in the room with a connecting door to Emma's room, as he tries to get closer to her.
207"Camp Grounded"Bobby RothLiz Tigelaar & Sallie PatrickNovember 2, 2010 (2010-11-02)1.50[47]
Lux and her classmates go on a school field-trip, with Math, Cate, Ryan, Baze, Emma, and Eric as chaperones. Ryan and Cate's cheating situation worsens when he doesn't show up at a couple's counseling session. Thinking that Ryan wasn't going to come because of his and Cate's problem, Baze invites Emma, and they bond when he prepares a special dinner on the school bus for them. Eric finally gives in to seeing Lux, but Tasha ends up seeing them together, kissing.
218"Plumber Cracked"Jerry LevineLara Olsen & Patti CarrNovember 9, 2010 (2010-11-09)1.48[48]
Cate takes Paige out in a failed attempt to get her drunk in the hopes of finding out more about Ryan's past, including information about the mysterious Julia. Meanwhile, Ryan decides to join Baze, Math and Jamie for a guys night, ditching Paige, making her be stuck with Cate. Emma reveals to Baze that she has a son when Baze does too much snooping around thinking Emma was cheating on him. Lux and Eric spend a day away from Portland, where they wouldn't have to keep their relationship a secret from everyone, but end up having to stay a night in a hotel room when they miss the last boat home.
229"Homecoming Crashed"Elizabeth AllenSallie PatrickNovember 16, 2010 (2010-11-16)1.33[49]
Baze and Emma attempt to sign Candy (Krista Allen), a high-profile client, who seems to only have eyes for Baze. Meanwhile, Lux goes to her homecoming dance in hopes of seeing Eric but the evening takes an ugly turn. Basically she has to take Emma's son the Homecoming and gets in trouble for "smoking" when she actually took the joint away from Emma's son. Cate gets back from her visit from Valerie's claiming that Valerie told her Lux is the one that injured herself when it was actually her husband. Tasha hits the husband with a shovel because Lux was being abused by him. They crash and Emma's son takes the blame and covers Lux
2310"Thanks Ungiven"Cherie NowlanPatti Carr & Lara OlsenNovember 30, 2010 (2010-11-30)1.52[50]
It doesn't take long for secrets to start coming out when everyone ends up at Baze's for Thanksgiving. Lux worries that her parents will discover she's been seeing her teacher, Eric. Baze worries his father, Jack, will find out he has been having a relationship with his boss, Emma. Tasha worries a deep, dark secret from the past will be discovered and Cate worries if she tells Ryan the truth, it will complicate their relationship further. Emma's son, Sam, also joins everyone for Thanksgiving.
2411"Stand Taken"Gary FlederAdele LimDecember 7, 2010 (2010-12-07)1.73[51]
Lux and Tasha's friendship is put to the test when they are forced to deal with the fallout of their recent actions and the outcome could change both of their lives. As a result, Lux feels she can't hide her past from Cate and Baze anymore and reveals what happened when she lived with Trey and Valerie. Jack and Baze are infuriated with Trey abusing Lux and both go after the child rapist. Lux discovers Emma and Jack were seeing each other before Baze started dating her.
2512"Teacher Schooled"Howie DeutchLiz Tigelaar & Taylor HamraJanuary 18, 2011 (2011-01-18)1.54[52]
Baze decides to buy a house and wants Emma and Sam to live with him. Eric confesses that he and Lux had a relationship which incurs Baze and Cate's combined wrath. Baze comes to terms with the fact that his father cheated on his mother with Emma prior to their relationship. Cate and Baze threaten to go to the Police if Eric doesn't leave town.
2613"Affair Remembered"Rick BotaMichael KramerJanuary 18, 2011 (2011-01-18)1.48[52]
Cate and Ryan come to terms when she loses the baby and is told she can't have anymore children. Ellen, Baze's mom, has a 60th Birthday party for Jack at Baze's Bar, much to his discomfort. Lux and Jones cut school to go visit Tasha in Juvy. Lux tells Jones that she and Eric had a relationship. Ryan gets Cate back on the air after Kelly is fired. Alice returns to town and her job at the radio station. Cate finds out that Julia (Jaime Ray Newman) is still pregnant and tells Ryan. Two Years Later. Lux gives a speech at her graduation. She and Jones are back together. Tasha is also graduating and will attend college with Lux and Jones. Ryan and Julia have a son. Alice and Math are expecting their first child. Cate and Baze are back together and share a kiss. Lux, for the first time since she found out about and met them two years previous, calls Cate and Baze Mom and Dad; and Julia takes a photo of everybody at the graduation as the episode closes.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The first season of Life Unexpected scored a 69 out of 100 on Metacritic.[53] The series has garnered mostly positive feedback, with many reviews favorably comparing the show to the critically acclaimed series Gilmore Girls and Everwood.[54][55][56][57][58] Maureen Ryan, from the Chicago Tribune, stated that the show "recall[s] the good things about shows like Gilmore Girls and Everwood,"[56] and similarly, Hank Stuever from The Washington Post called it "a pleasant mix of a little Juno hipitude and a lot of Everwood glow."[57] Furthermore, the Chicago Tribune review called Life Unexpected a program "that parents and their older kids could enjoy together without feeling condescended to,"[56] and The Boston Globe's Matthew Gilbert states that "the show works, in its own hokey, feel-good, alt-soundtrack way."[59]

text: Show writer Liz Tigelaar (who has also worked on Brothers & Sisters, American Dreams, and Once and Again),[60] has received much praise. A review in the Los Angeles Times called Tigelaar's writing smart and insightful.[58] Similarly, Randee Dawn, from The Hollywood Reporter stated that Tigelaar "has a delicate, spot-on feel for dialogue."[61] The Futon Critic's Brian Ford Sullivan singled out writer Liz Tigelaar and director Gary Fleder for adeptly exploring Lux's perceived lack of love in her life.[62]

text: On a negative note, a review in the Chicago Sun Times by Paige Wiser called the show "somewhat predictable"[55] and The Post's Stuever adds that Life Unexpected "burns off its most interesting plot twist [...] in the first 20 minutes."[57]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season

Timeslot (ET)

# Ep.

Original Airing

Rank

Viewers(in millions)

Network

Season Premiere

Season Finale

TV Season

1

Monday 9:00PMMonday 8:00PM

13

January 18, 2010 (2010-01-18)

April 12, 2010 (2010-04-12)

2009–2010

#136[63]

2.01[63]

The CW

2

Tuesday 9:00PM

13

September 14, 2010 (2010-09-14)

January 18, 2011 (2011-01-18)

2010–2011

#140

1.50[64]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Life Unexpected was nominated for "Choice TV Breakout Show" at the 2010 Teen Choice Awards.[65]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: In Canada the show premiered on the free-to-air channel CBC Television and on the pay TV channel YTV Canada. In Europe the show premiered on E4 for the United Kingdom from September 19, 2010, on Sixx for Germany from January 4, 2011 and on RTÉ Two for Ireland from August 2011. In Oceania the show premiered on MediaWorks' C4 for New Zealand from October 2010 and on Network Ten for Australia from November 5, 2011. In India the show premiered on Big CBS Prime from February 2013.

text: Home media releases[edit]

text: The two seasons were released together on DVD in Region 1 on April 5, 2011.[66] It was later released in Region 4 in 2012.[67]


document_title: Palafox

question_text: where did the last name palafox come from

text: Palafox

text: Look up Palafox in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

text: Palafox is a somewhat uncommon surname that originated in Spain and may refer to:

text:
Palafoxia, a genus of flowering plants from the sunflower family
Antonio Palafox (born 1936), Mexican tennis player
Felino Palafox, Filipino architect and urban planner
Manuel Palafox (1886–1959), Mexican politician
José de Palafox y Melzi, Duke of Saragossa, Spanish general
Juan de Palafox y Mendoza (1600–1659), Spanish bishop, politician and writer in colonial Mexico

text:
Disambiguation page providing links to articles with similar titles
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Palafox.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

text: Disambiguation pages

text: Articles with short descriptionAll article disambiguation pagesAll disambiguation pages


document_title: List of Denver Broncos seasons

question_text: how many games have the denver broncos lost this season

text: List of Denver Broncos seasons

text: This is a list of seasons completed by the Denver Broncos, an American football franchise based in Denver, Colorado. The Broncos are members of the West division of the American Football Conference (AFC) of the National Football League (NFL). The list documents their season-by-season records from 1960 to the present day, including post-season records, and league awards for individual players and head coaches. As of the end of the 2016 season, the team has completed 57 seasons (playing in over 900 combined regular season and playoff games), and after winning the AFC West the previous five consecutive seasons (2011-15), Denver missed the playoffs, finishing third in the division, with a 9–7 record.

text: The Broncos franchise was founded on August 14, 1959, by Bob Howsam and played their first season in 1960, in Denver, Colorado as part of the original American Football League (AFL). The team joined the NFL in 1970 as a result of the AFL–NFL merger.[1]

text: The franchise has experienced three major periods of success. The first was from 1976 to 1981, when the Broncos did not have a losing season (a season when the team has more losses than wins), and won two AFC West division titles, and one AFC championship. The second began in 1983 and ended in 1998. During this period, the Broncos had just two losing seasons, were AFC champions five times and were Super Bowl champions for two consecutive years. This second period of success is best remembered for John Elway being the team's quarterback.[2] The most recent run of success, began in 2011, through their current reign as Super Bowl Champions. The five-year stretch has included five AFC West titles, two AFC championships, and in 2015, a 24–10 victory in Super Bowl 50 over the Carolina Panthers. The Broncos have also experienced one notable period of deterioration. From their inaugural season in 1960 until 1975, they did not make either the AFL playoffs or NFL playoffs and had just two winning seasons. The Broncos were the only charter AFL franchise to never have a winning season during the AFL's ten years of existence (although the team finished at 7-7 in 1962), with their first winning season not occurring until 1973, their fourth year as a member of the NFL's AFC. They also experienced their two seasons with the fewest wins ever, winning just two of 14 games in both 1963 and 1964.[3]

text: The Broncos have been AFC West champions 15 times, having won the division the last five consecutive seasons (2011 to 2015) prior to 2016, and have also earned wild card berths into the playoffs seven times, for a total of 22 playoff appearances. They have been conference champions eight times (tied with the Pittsburgh Steelers, and one behind the New England Patriots who have the most AFC championships) and Super Bowl champions thrice.[3]

text: Seasons[edit]

text: Note: The finish, wins, losses, and ties columns list regular season results and exclude any post-season play.

text:
Super Bowl Champions (1970–present)
Conference Champions
Division Champions
Wild Card berth

text:
Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular season
Post-season results
Awards
Head coaches

Finish
Wins
Losses
Ties

1960
1960
AFL

West
4th
4
9
1

Frank Filchock

1961
1961
AFL

West
3rd
3
11
0

1962
1962
AFL

West
2nd
7
7
0

Jack Faulkner (COY)
Jack Faulkner

1963
1963
AFL

West
4th
2
11
1

1964
1964
AFL

West
4th
2
11
1

Jack Faulkner (0–4)
Mac Speedie (2–7–1)

1965
1965
AFL

West
4th
4
10
0

Mac Speedie

1966
1966
AFL

West
4th
4
10
0

Mac Speedie (0–2)
Ray Malavasi (4–8)

1967
1967
AFL

West
4th
3
11
0

Lou Saban

1968
1968
AFL

West
4th
5
9
0

1969
1969
AFL

West
4th
5
8
1

1970[a]
1970
NFL
AFC
West
4th
5
8
1

1971
1971
NFL
AFC
West
4th
4
9
1

Lou Saban (2–6–1)
Jerry Smith (2–3)

1972
1972
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
5
9
0

John Ralston

1973
1973
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
7
5
2

1974
1974
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
7
6
1

1975
1975
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
6
8
0

1976
1976
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
9
5
0

1977
1977
NFL
AFC
West
1st
12
2
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Steelers) 34–21
Won AFC Championship (Raiders) 20–17
Lost Super Bowl XII (vs. Cowboys) 10–27
Craig Morton (CBPOY)
Red Miller

1978
1978
NFL
AFC
West
1st
10
6
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Steelers) 10–33
Randy Gradishar (DPOY)

1979
1979
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Oilers) 7–13

1980
1980
NFL
AFC
West
4th
8
8
0

1981
1981
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
10
6
0

Dan Reeves

1982[b]
1982
NFL
AFC

12th
2
7
0

1983
1983
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
9
7
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Seahawks) 7–31

1984
1984
NFL
AFC
West
1st
13
3
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Steelers) 17–24

1985
1985
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
11
5
0

1986
1986
NFL
AFC
West
1st
11
5
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Patriots) 22–17
Won AFC Championship (at Browns) 23–20 (OT)[c]
Lost Super Bowl XXI (vs. Giants) 20–39

1987[d]
1987
NFL
AFC
West
1st
10
4
1
Won Divisional Playoffs (Oilers) 34–10
Won AFC Championship (Browns) 38–33[e]
Lost Super Bowl XXII (vs. Redskins) 10–42
John Elway (MVP)

1988
1988
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
8
8
0

1989
1989
NFL
AFC
West
1st
11
5
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Steelers) 24–23
Won AFC Championship (Browns) 37–21
Lost Super Bowl XXIV (vs. 49ers) 10–55

1990
1990
NFL
AFC
West
5th
5
11
0

1991
1991
NFL
AFC
West
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Oilers) 26–24
Lost AFC Championship (at Bills) 7–10
Mike Croel (DROY)

1992
1992
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
8
8
0

1993
1993
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
9
7
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Raiders) 24–42

Wade Phillips

1994
1994
NFL
AFC
West
4th
7
9
0

1995
1995
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
8
8
0

Mike Shanahan

1996
1996
NFL
AFC
West
1st
13
3
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Jaguars) 27–30
Terrell Davis (OPOY)

1997
1997
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
12
4
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Jaguars) 42–17
Won Divisional Playoffs (at Chiefs) 14–10
Won AFC Championship (at Steelers) 24–21
Won Super Bowl XXXII (1) (vs. Packers) 31–24
Terrell Davis (SB MVP)

1998
1998
NFL
AFC
West
1st
14
2
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Dolphins) 38–3
Won AFC Championship (Jets) 23–10
Won Super Bowl XXXIII (2) (vs. Falcons) 34–19
Terrell Davis (MVP, OPOY)
John Elway (SB MVP)

1999
1999
NFL
AFC
West
5th
6
10
0

2000
2000
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
11
5
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Ravens) 3–21
Mike Anderson (OROY)

2001
2001
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
8
8
0

2002
2002
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
9
7
0

Clinton Portis (OROY)

2003
2003
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Colts) 10–41

2004
2004
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Colts) 24–49

2005
2005
NFL
AFC
West
1st
13
3
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Patriots) 27–13
Lost AFC Championship (Steelers) 17–34

2006
2006
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
9
7
0

2007
2007
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
7
9
0

2008
2008
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
8
8
0

2009
2009
NFL
AFC
West
2nd
8
8
0

Josh McDaniels

2010
2010
NFL
AFC
West
4th
4
12
0

Josh McDaniels (3–9)
Eric Studesville (1–3)

2011
2011
NFL
AFC
West
1st
8
8
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Steelers) 29–23 (OT)
Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Patriots) 10–45
Von Miller (DROY)
John Fox

2012
2012
NFL
AFC
West
1st
13
3
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Ravens) 35–38 (2OT)
Peyton Manning (CBPOY)

2013
2013
NFL
AFC
West
1st
13
3
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Chargers) 24–17
Won AFC Championship (Patriots) 26–16
Lost Super Bowl XLVIII (vs. Seahawks) 8–43
Peyton Manning (MVP, OPOY)

2014
2014
NFL
AFC
West
1st
12
4
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Colts) 13–24

2015
2015
NFL
AFC
West
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Steelers) 23–16
Won AFC Championship (Patriots) 20–18
Won Super Bowl 50 (3) (vs. Panthers) 24–10
Von Miller (SB MVP)
Gary Kubiak

2016
2016
NFL
AFC
West
3rd
9
7
0

2017
2017
NFL
AFC
West
4th
5
11
0

Vance Joseph

Total Records (Regular Season/Playoffs/Combined)
470
404
10
(1960–2017, includes only regular season)

23
19
--
(1960–2017, includes only playoffs)

493
423
10
(1960–2017, regular season and 1960–2017, playoffs; 3 NFL Championships)

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ As a result of the AFL-NFL Merger, the league was broken into two conferences, with the AFL teams moving into the American Football Conference.[4]
Jump up ^ Due to the 1982 strike-shortened season, the league was broken up into two conferences instead of its normal divisional alignment.[5]
Jump up ^ This game included The Drive, where quarterback John Elway led the Broncos on a 98-yard drive to tie the game with less than a minute left.[6]
Jump up ^ The strike of 1987 reduced the regular season schedule from sixteen to fifteen games.[5]
Jump up ^ This game included The Fumble, where Cleveland Browns' running back Earnest Byner fumbled at the Broncos' 3-yard line, enabling the Broncos to win the game.[7]

tag: ol


document_title: List of Chief Justices of India

question_text: present chief justice of the supreme court of india

text: List of Chief Justices of India

text: List of Chief Justices of India[edit]

text: Federal Court of India (1937–50)[edit]

text: The Federal Court came into being on 1 September 1937. The seat of the court was the Chamber of Princes in the Parliament building in Delhi. It began with a Chief Justice and two puisne judges. The first Chief Justice was Sir Maurice Gwyer and the other two judges were Sir Shah Muhammad Sulaiman and M. R. Jayakar. It functioned until the establishment of the Supreme Court of India on 28 January 1950.

text:
Number

Name

Period of office

Length of term (days)

Bar

Appointed by

1

Sir Maurice Gwyer

1 October 1937

25 April 1943‡

2,032

Inner Temple

The Marquess of Linlithgow

Acting

Sir Srinivas Varadachariar

25 April 1943

7 June 1943

43

2

Sir Patrick Spens

7 June 1943

14 August 1947

1,529

Inner Temple

3

Sir H. J. Kania

14 August 1947

26 January 1950

896

Bombay High Court

The Viscount Mountbatten of Burma

text: ‡ – Date of Resignation

text: Supreme Court of India (1950–present)[edit]

text: Since the birth of the Republic of India on 26 January 1950, 46 people have served as the Chief Justice of India (CJI).[1] While H. J. Kania is the inaugural CJI, the current incumbent is Ranjan Gogoi who is appointed as Chief Justice of India on 03 October 2018. Justice Y. V. Chandrachud is the longest serving Chief Justice (February 1978 – July 1985). Ranjan Gogoi is Incumbent Chief Justice.

text:
Number

Name of the Justice

Period of office

Length of term (days)

Bar

Appointer (President of India)

1

H. J. Kania

26 January 1950

6 November 1951‡‡

649

Bombay High Court

Rajendra Prasad

2

M. Patanjali Sastri

7 November 1951

3 January 1954

788

Madras High Court

3

Mehr Chand Mahajan

4 January 1954

22 December 1954

352

Punjab and Haryana High Court

4

Bijan Kumar Mukherjea

23 December 1954

31 January 1956‡

404

Calcutta High Court

5

Sudhi Ranjan Das

1 February 1956

30 September 1959

1337

Calcutta High Court

6

Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha

1 October 1959

31 January 1964

1583

Patna High Court

7

P. B. Gajendragadkar

1 February 1964

15 March 1966

773

Bombay High Court

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

8

Amal Kumar Sarkar

16 March 1966

29 June 1966

105

Calcutta High Court

9

Koka Subba Rao

30 June 1966

11 April 1967‡

285

Madras High Court

10

Kailas Nath Wanchoo

12 April 1967

24 February 1968

318

Allahabad High Court

11

Mohammad Hidayatullah[2]

25 February 1968

16 December 1970

1025

Bombay High Court

Zakir Hussain

12

Jayantilal Chhotalal Shah

17 December 1970

21 January 1971

35

Bombay High Court

Varahagiri Venkata Giri

13

Sarv Mittra Sikri

22 January 1971

25 April 1973

824

Lahore High Court

14

A. N. Ray

26 April 1973

27 January 1977

1372

Calcutta High Court

15

Mirza Hameedullah Beg

28 January 1977

21 February 1978

389

Allahabad High Court

Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed

16

Y. V. Chandrachud

22 February 1978

11 July 1985

2696

Bombay High Court

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy

17

P. N. Bhagwati

12 July 1985

20 December 1986

526

Gujarat High Court

Gyani Zail Singh

18

Raghunandan Swarup Pathak

21 December 1986

18 June 1989‡

940

Allahabad High Court

19

Engalaguppe Seetharamiah Venkataramiah

19 June 1989

17 December 1989

181

Karnataka High Court

Ramaswamy Venkataraman

20

Sabyasachi Mukharji

18 December 1989

25 September 1990‡‡

281

Calcutta High Court

21

Ranganath Misra

26 September 1990

24 November 1991

424

Odisha High Court

22

Kamal Narain Singh

25 November 1991

12 December 1991

17

Allahabad High Court

23

Madhukar Hiralal Kania

13 December 1991

17 November 1992

340

Bombay High Court

24

Lalit Mohan Sharma

18 November 1992

11 February 1993

85

Patna High Court

Shankar Dayal Sharma

25

M. N. Venkatachaliah

12 February 1993

24 October 1994

619

Karnataka High Court

26

Aziz Mushabber Ahmadi

25 October 1994

24 March 1997

881

Gujarat High Court

27

Jagdish Sharan Verma

25 March 1997

17 January 1998

298

Madhya Pradesh High Court

28

Madan Mohan Punchhi

18 January 1998

9 October 1998

264

Punjab and Haryana High Court

Kocheril Raman Narayanan

29

Adarsh Sein Anand

10 October 1998

31 October 2001

1,117

Jammu and Kashmir High Court

30

Sam Piroj Bharucha

1 November 2001

5 May 2002

185

Bombay High Court

31

Bhupinder Nath Kirpal

6 May 2002

7 November 2002

185

Delhi High Court

32

Gopal Ballav Pattanaik

8 November 2002

18 December 2002

40

Odisha High Court

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

33

V. N. Khare

19 December 2002

1 May 2004

499

Allahabad High Court

34

S. Rajendra Babu

2 May 2004

31 May 2004

29

Karnataka High Court

35

Ramesh Chandra Lahoti

1 June 2004

31 October 2005

517

Madhya Pradesh High Court

36

Yogesh Kumar Sabharwal

1 November 2005

13 January 2007

438

Delhi High Court

37

K. G. Balakrishnan

14 January 2007

12 May 2010

1,214

Kerala High Court

38

S. H. Kapadia

12 May 2010

28 September 2012

870

Bombay High Court

Pratibha Patil

39

Altamas Kabir

29 September 2012

18 July 2013

292

Calcutta High Court

Pranab Mukherjee

40

P. Sathasivam

19 July 2013

26 April 2014

281

Madras High Court

41

Rajendra Mal Lodha

27 April 2014

27 September 2014

153

Rajasthan High Court

42

H. L. Dattu

28 September 2014

2 December 2015

430

Karnataka High Court

43

T. S. Thakur

3 December 2015

3 January 2017

397

Jammu and Kashmir High Court

44

Jagdish Singh Khehar

4 January 2017

27 August 2017

235

Punjab and Haryana High Court

45

Dipak Misra

28 August 2017

2 October 2018

400

Odisha High Court

Ram Nath Kovind

46

Ranjan Gogoi

3 October 2018

Incumbent

27

Gauhati High Court

text: Notes[edit]

text:
‡ – Date of Resignation
‡‡ – Date of Death


document_title: This Is Us (TV series)

question_text: when is the series finale of this is us

question_tokens: when is the series finale of this is us

text: This Is Us (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series follows the lives of siblings Kevin, Kate, and Randall (known as the "Big Three"), and their parents Jack and Rebecca Pearson. It takes place in the present and using flashbacks, at various times in the past. Kevin and Kate are the two surviving members of a triplet pregnancy, born six weeks premature on Jack's 36th birthday in 1980; their brother is stillborn. Believing they were meant to have three children, Jack and Rebecca, who are white, decide to adopt Randall, a black child born the same day and brought to the same hospital after his biological father abandoned him at a fire station. Jack dies when his children are 17.

text: Most episodes feature a storyline taking place in the present (2016–2018, contemporaneous with airing) and a storyline taking place at a set time in the past; but some episodes are set in one time period or use multiple flashback time periods. Flashbacks often focus on Jack and Rebecca c.1980 both before and after their babies' birth, or on the family when the Big Three are children (at least ages 8–10) or adolescents; these scenes usually take place in Pittsburgh, where the Big Three are born and raised. Various other time periods and locations have also served a settings. As adults, Kate lives in Los Angeles, Randall and his family are in New Jersey, and Kevin relocates from Los Angeles to New York City.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Milo Ventimiglia as Jack Pearson: Rebecca's husband, and Kate, Kevin, and Randall's father.
Mandy Moore as Rebecca Pearson (née Malone): Jack's wife, and Kate, Kevin, and Randall's mother.
Sterling K. Brown as Randall Pearson: Jack and Rebecca's adopted son, and Kate and Kevin's brother. Also played by Niles Fitch (ages 15–17) and Lonnie Chavis (ages 8–10).
Chrissy Metz as Kate Pearson: Jack and Rebecca's daughter, and Kevin and Randall's sister. Also played by Hannah Zeile (ages 15–17) and Mackenzie Hancsicsak (ages 8–10).
Justin Hartley as Kevin Pearson: Jack and Rebecca's son, and Kate and Randall's brother. Also played by Logan Shroyer (ages 15–17) and Parker Bates (ages 8–10).
Susan Kelechi Watson as Beth Pearson: Randall's wife, and mother of Tess and Annie.
Chris Sullivan as Toby Damon: Kate's husband.
Ron Cephas Jones as William H. "Shakespeare" Hill: Randall's biological father. Also played by Jermel Nakia as a young adult.
Jon Huertas as Miguel Rivas: Jack's best friend and Rebecca's second husband. (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)[5]
Alexandra Breckenridge as Sophie: Kate's childhood best friend as well as Kevin's childhood love and ex-wife. Also played by Amanda Leighton (ages 15–17) and Sophia Coto (age 10). (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)[5]
Eris Baker as Tess Pearson: Randall and Beth's older daughter. (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)
Faithe Herman as Annie Pearson: Randall and Beth's younger daughter. (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Gerald McRaney as Dr. Nathan Katowski (aka Dr. K): An elderly widower, who delivers Kate and Kevin.
Janet Montgomery as Olivia Maine: Kevin's former stage partner and ex-girlfriend.
Milana Vayntrub as Sloane Sandburg: Kevin's stage partner and ex-girlfriend.
Ryan Michelle Bathe as Yvette: A family friend of the Pearsons.
Denis O'Hare as Jesse: William's friend and former romantic partner.
Adam Bartley as Duke: The stable worker at the weight-loss camp Kate attends.
Jill Johnson as Laurie: A member of Toby and Kate's weight-loss support group.
Jermel Nakia as young adult William H. "Shakespeare" Hill
Lyric Ross as Deja: Randall and Beth's foster child.
Debra Jo Rupp as Linda: A social worker who works with Randall and Beth when they foster Deja.
Caitlin Thompson as Madison: Kate's group's resident thin member.
Joy Brunson as Shauna: Deja's mother, who first works against Beth and Randall having Deja, then abruptly leaves her with them.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Avg. viewership (inc. DVR)
(in millions)

1
18
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
6
14.70[6]

2
18
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)
TBA
TBA

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
1AZC01
10.07[7]

2
2
"The Big Three"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman
September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27)
1AZC02
8.75[8]

3
3
"Kyle"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
October 11, 2016 (2016-10-11)
1AZC03
9.87[9]

4
4
"The Pool"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman & Donald Todd
October 18, 2016 (2016-10-18)
1AZC04
9.71[10]

5
5
"The Game Plan"
George Tillman
Joe Lawson
October 25, 2016 (2016-10-25)
1AZC05
8.68[11]

6
6
"Career Days"
Craig Zisk
Bekah Brunstetter
November 1, 2016 (2016-11-01)
1AZC06
8.48[12]

7
7
"The Best Washing Machine in the World"
Silas Howard
K.J. Steinberg
November 15, 2016 (2016-11-15)
1AZC07
9.50[13]

8
8
"Pilgrim Rick"
Sarah Pia Anderson
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
November 22, 2016 (2016-11-22)
1AZC08
9.00[14]

9
9
"The Trip"
Uta Briesewitz
Vera Herbert
November 29, 2016 (2016-11-29)
1AZC09
10.53[15]

10
10
"Last Christmas"
Helen Hunt
Donald Todd
December 6, 2016 (2016-12-06)
1AZC10
10.95[16]

11
11
"The Right Thing to Do"
Timothy Busfield
Aurin Squire
January 10, 2017 (2017-01-10)
1AZC11
10.48[17]

12
12
"The Big Day"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman & Laura Kenar
January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)
1AZC12
9.59[18]

13
13
"Three Sentences"
Chris Koch
Joe Lawson & Bekah Brunstetter
January 24, 2017 (2017-01-24)
1AZC13
9.63[19]

14
14
"I Call Marriage"
George Tillman Jr.
Kay Oyegun
February 7, 2017 (2017-02-07)
1AZC14
9.57[20]

15
15
"Jack Pearson's Son"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)
1AZC15
9.03[21]

16
16
"Memphis"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
February 21, 2017 (2017-02-21)
1AZC16
9.35[22]

17
17
"What Now?"
Wendey Stanzler
K.J. Steinberg & Vera Herbert
March 7, 2017 (2017-03-07)
1AZC17
11.15[23]

18
18
"Moonshadow"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman & Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
1AZC18
12.84[24]

text: Season 2 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

19
1
"A Father's Advice"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
2AZC01
12.94[25]

20
2
"A Manny-Splendored Thing"
John Fortenberry
Dan Fogelman & Bekah Brunstetter
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
2AZC02
11.06[26]

21
3
"Déjà Vu"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
2AZC03
11.02[27]

22
4
"Still There"
Ken Olin
Vera Herbert
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
2AZC04
10.65[28]

23
5
"Brothers"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Tyler Bensinger
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
2AZC05
10.60[29]

24
6
"The 20's"
Regina King
Don Roos
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
2AZC06
8.43[30]

25
7
"The Most Disappointed Man"
Chris Koch
Kay Oyegun
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
2AZC07
9.89[31]

26
8
"Number One"
Ken Olin
K.J. Steinberg
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
2AZC08
10.05[32]

27
9
"Number Two"
Ken Olin
K.J. Steinberg & Shukree Hassan Tilghman
November 21, 2017 (2017-11-21)
2AZC09
9.34[33]

28
10
"Number Three"
Ken Olin
Shukree Hassan Tilghman
November 28, 2017 (2017-11-28)
2AZC10
10.94[34]

29
11
"The Fifth Wheel"
Chris Koch
Vera Herbert
January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09)
2AZC11
9.65[35]

30
12
"Clooney"
Zetna Fuentes
Bekah Brunstetter
January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16)
2AZC12
9.82[36]

31
13
"That'll Be the Day"
Uta Briesewitz
Kay Oyegun & Don Roos
January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)
2AZC13
9.37[37]

32
14
"Super Bowl Sunday"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
February 4, 2018 (2018-02-04)
2AZC14
26.97[38]

33
15
"The Car"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06)
2AZC15
10.13[39]

34
16
"Vegas, Baby"
Joanna Kerns
Laura Kenar
February 27, 2018 (2018-02-27)
2AZC16
9.74[40]

35
17
"This Big, Amazing, Beautiful Life"
Rebecca Asher
Kay Oyegun
March 6, 2018 (2018-03-06)
2AZC17
8.90[41]

36
18
"The Wedding"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
March 13, 2018 (2018-03-13)
2AZC18
10.94[42]

text: Release[edit]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In May 2017, Hulu acquired the SVOD rights to new and past episodes of the series to air exclusively on Hulu, in addition to NBC.com and the NBC app.[43]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 89% approval rating for the first season with an average rating of 7.72/10 based on 63 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Featuring full-tilt heartstring-tugging family drama, This Is Us will provide a suitable surrogate for those who have felt a void in their lives since Parenthood went off the air."[44] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 76 out of 100 based on 34 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[45] Season 2 received a 94% approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes based on 17 reviews.[46]

text: Entertainment Weekly gave the first few episodes of This Is Us a rating of B, calling it "a refreshing respite from the relational violence and pessimism that marks the other buzz soaps that have bubbled forth from a culture of divisiveness". Moreover, they praised all the actors, specifically Sterling K. Brown, for being able to navigate "his scenes with such intelligence, authenticity, and charisma".[47]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Tuesday 10:00 pm (1–2, 11)
Tuesday 9:00 pm (3–10, 12–18)
18
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
10.07[7]
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
12.84[48]
2016–17
6
14.70
4.6/16[6]

2
Tuesday 9:00 pm (1–13, 15–18)
Sunday 10:30 pm (14)
18[4]
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
12.94[25]
March 13, 2018
10.94[49]
2017–18
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2016
African-American Critics Association Awards
Top Ten TV Show
This Is Us
Won

American Film Institute Awards
TV Program of the Year
This Is Us
Won
[50]

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated
[51]

Most Exciting New Series
This Is Us
Won
[51]

2017
ACE Eddie Awards
Best Edited One Hour Series for Commercial Television
David L. Bertman (for "Pilot")
Won
[52]

Creative Arts Emmy Awards[a]
Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series
Bernard Telsey, Tiffany Little Canfield
Nominated
[54]

Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series
Brian Tyree Henry
Nominated

Gerald McRaney
Won

Denis O'Hare
Nominated

Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic)
Zoe Hay, Heather Plott, Elizabeth Hoel-Chang, Judith Lynn Staats, John Damiani
Nominated

Emmy Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won

Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Ron Cephas Jones
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Golden Globe Awards
Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Chrissy Metz
Nominated
[55]

Mandy Moore
Nominated

Best Television Series – Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
Outstanding Music Supervision – Television
Jennifer Pyken
Nominated
[56]

MTV Movie & TV Awards
Best Actor in a Show
Mandy Moore
Nominated
[57]

Show of the Year
This Is Us
Nominated

Tearjerker
Milo Ventimiglia and Lonnie Chavis (Jack and Randall at Karate)
Won

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won
[58]

Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding Performance by a Youth
Lonnie Chavis
Nominated

Peabody Awards
Entertainment and Children's programs
This Is Us
Nominated
[59]

People's Choice Awards
Favorite Actor in a New TV Series
Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated
[60]

Favorite Actress in a New TV Series
Mandy Moore
Nominated

Favorite New TV Drama
This Is Us
Won

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated
[61]

Seoul International Drama Awards
Best Director
Dan Fogelman
Nominated
[62]

Grand Prize
This Is Us
Won

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV: Breakout Star
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Choice TV Actor: Drama
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated

Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated

Choice TV Show: Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Television Critics Association Awards
Individual Achievement in Drama
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated
[63]

Outstanding Achievement in Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding New Program
This Is Us
Won

Program of the Year
This Is Us
Nominated

Writers Guild of America Awards
Episodic Drama
Vera Herbert (for "The Trip")
Won
[64]
[65]

New Series
This Is Us
Nominated

2018
Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won
[66]

Best Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Golden Globe Awards
Best Actor – Television Series Drama
Sterling K. Brown
Won
[67]

Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Best Television Series – Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Guild of Music Supervisors Awards
Best Music Supervision in a Television Drama
Jennifer Pyken
Nominated
[68]

Best Song/Recording Created for Television
"We Can Always Come Back To This"
Nominated

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated
[69]

Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding Performance by a Youth
Lonnie Chavis
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Susan Kelechi Watson
Nominated

Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series
Vera Herbert (for "Still Here")
Nominated

Satellite Awards
Best Musical Or Comedy Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won
[70]

Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
This Is Us
Won

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ In 2017, Hala Bahmet, Marina Ray and Elinor Bardach were nominated for Outstanding Costumes for a Contemporary Series, Limited Series, or Movie. The nomination was rescinded after it was determined that the submitted episode "Moonshadow" was primarily set in the 1970s, violating the TV Academy's rule that "more than 50 percent" of the episode must be contemporary (within 25 years of the air date).[53]