document_title: Isle of Man TT

question_text: who has won the isle of man tt the most times

question_tokens: who has won the isle of man tt the most times

text: Isle of Man TT

text: Early Isle of Man TT race history (1904–1910)[edit]

text: Gordon Bennett and Tourist Trophy car races[edit]

text: Motor racing began on the Isle of Man in 1904 with the Gordon Bennett Eliminating Trial, restricted to touring automobiles. As the Motor Car Act 1903 placed a speed restriction of 20 mph (32 km/h) on automobiles in the UK, Julian Orde, Secretary of the Automobile Car Club of Britain and Ireland approached the authorities in the Isle of Man for the permission to race automobiles on the island's public roads.[12] The Highways (Light Locomotive) Act 1904 gave permission in the Isle of Man for the 52.15-mile (83.93 km) Highroads Course for the 1904 Gordon Bennett Eliminating Trial which was won by Clifford Earl (Napier) in 7 hours 26.5 minutes for five laps (255.5 mi or 411.2 km) of the Highroads Course. The 1905 Gordon Bennett Trial was held on 30 May 1905 and was again won by Clifford Earl driving a Napier automobile in 6 hours and 6 minutes for six laps of the Highroads Course. This was followed in September 1905 with the first Isle of Man Tourist Trophy Race for racing automobiles, now known as the RAC Tourist Trophy and was won by John Napier (Arrol-Johnston) in 6 hours and 9 minutes at an average speed of 33.90 mph (54.56 km/h).[13]

text: International Motor-Cycle Cup Race (1905)[edit]

text: For the 1905 Gordon Bennett Eliminating Trial it was decided to run an eliminating trial for motorcycles the day after for a team to represent Great Britain in the International Motor-Cycle Cup Races. An accident at Ramsey Hairpin forced out one of the pre-race favourites and the inability of the motorcycle competitors to climb the steep Mountain Section of the course forced the organisers to use a 25-mile (40 km) section of the Gordon Bennett Trial course. This ran from Douglas south to Castletown and then north to Ballacraine along the primary A3 road and returned to the start at the Quarterbridge in Douglas via Crosby and Glen Vine along the current Snaefell Mountain Course in the reverse direction. The 1905 International Motor-Cycle Cup Race for five laps (125 mi or 201 km) was won by J.S. Campbell (Ariel) despite a fire during a pit stop[14] in 4 hours, 9 minutes and 36 seconds at an average race speed of 30.04 mph (48.34 km/h).[15]

text: Format of the races[edit]

text: The TT Races since the first race in 1907 have been in the format of time-trial. The races held on the Clypse Course during the period 1954–1959 were the more traditional full grid starts along with the 1924 Lightweight TT Race and Clubmen TT Races from 1948, which were also "mass-start" races. The current format is a "clutch start" and race competitors will be "started singly at 10-second intervals".[16]

text: Race procedure[edit]

text:
Start Preliminaries

First Signal – 45 minutes before the start with a warm-up of engines in the Race Paddock and assembly area.
Second Signal – 30 minutes before start.
Third Signal – 15 minutes before start, race competitors move to the start-line and form-up in qualification order.
Fourth Signal – 5 minutes before start, signal to clear the grid and race competitors move towards the exit-gate.

text: Eligibility[edit]

text: Entrants must be in possession of a valid National Entrants or FIM Sponsors Licence for Road Racing.

text: Race classes[edit]

text: Superbike TT[edit]

text: The 2015 specification for entries into the Superbike TT race are defined as:

text:
Any machine complying with the following specifications:

TT Superbike: (Machines complying with the 2015 FIM Superbike Championship specifications)

Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 4 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 3 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 850 cc up to 1200 cc 2 cylinders 4-stroke

text: Minimum Weight 165 kg (364 lb). Other machines admitted at the discretion of the Organisers[17]

text: Supersport TT[edit]

text: The 1911 Isle of Man TT was the first time the Junior TT race took place, open to 300 cc single-cylinder and 340 cc twin cylinder motorcycles, contested over five laps of the new 37.5-mile (60.4 km) Snaefell Mountain Course. The first event on the new course was the Junior TT Race contested by 35 entrants, won by Percy J. Evans riding a Humber motor-cycle at an average race speed of 41.45 mph (66.71 km/h). The 1912 event was the first to limit the Junior TT to only 350 cc machines and this engine capacity prevailed until 1994 when replaced by the 600 cc Supersport class.

text:
1911 For single cylinder motorcycles not exceeding 300 cc engine capacity and 340 cc twin cylinder motorcycles.
1912–1948 For motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity.
1949–1953 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity and held on the Snaefell mountain course.
1954–1959 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity and held on the Clypse Course.
1960–1976 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity and held on the Mountain Course.
1977–1993 for motorcycles not exceeding 350 cc engine capacity and held on the Mountain Course.
1994 onwards for motorcycles not exceeding 600 cc engine capacity and held on the Mountain Course.

text: The 2015 specifications for entries into the Supersport TT race are:

text: TT Supersport: (Machines complying with the 2015 FIM Supersport Championship specifications)

text:
Over 400 cc up to 600 cc 4 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 600 cc up to 675 cc 3 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 600 cc up to 750 cc 2 cylinders 4-stroke

text: Minimum Weight 161 kg[18]

text: Superstock TT[edit]

text: The 2015 specifications for entries for the Superstock TT, an event for production based motorcycles racing with treaded road tyres, are based on the FIM Superstock Championship specifications, as follows:

text:
Superstock TT: (Machines complying with the 2012 FIM Superstock Championship specifications)

Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 4 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 3 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 850 cc up to 1200 cc 2 cylinders 4-stroke

text: Minimum (Dry) Weight 170 kg[19]

text: Lightweight TT[edit]

text: The 1922 event was the first time the Lightweight TT race took place, won by a motorcycle-journalist Geoff S. Davison, riding a Levis at an average speed of 49.89 mph (80.29 km/h) for seven laps of the Snaefell Mountain Course. As with the Ultra-Lightweight TT Race, the event was dropped from the race schedule in 2004, but was reintroduced 2008–2009, held on the Billown short road circuit and then dropped again from the race schedule on cost grounds.

text:
1924–1948 For motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity.
1949–1953 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity, held on the Snaefell mountain course.
1954–1959 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity, held on the Clypse Course.
1960–1976 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity, held on the Mountain Course.
1977–2004 for motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity, held on the Mountain Course.
2008–2009 for motorcycles not exceeding 250 cc engine capacity, held on the Billown Circuit.
2012– The event was re-introduced from the 2012 event for water-cooled four-stroke twin cylinder not exceeding a capacity of 650 cc and complying with the ACU Standing Regulations.[20]

text: The 2015 specifications for entries into the Lightweight TT race are:

text:
Machines must comply with general technical rules as per ACU Standing Regulations and 2015 IOM TT regulations.

Any four-stroke twin cylinder motorcycle originally sold for road use with a water-cooled engine of up to 650 cc engine capacity.
Eligible machines must be from models homologated[clarification needed] for road use 2006 or later.[21]

text: Sidecar TT[edit]

text: The 1923 TT was the first time the Sidecar TT race was run, over three laps (113 mi or 182 km) of the Mountain Course and was won by Freddie Dixon and passenger Walter Perry with a Douglas and special banking-sidecar at an average race speed of 53.15 mph (85.54 km/h). For the 1926 event the Sidecar and Ultra-Lightweight TT classes were dropped due to lack of entries.

text: The Sidecar race was re-introduced from the 1954 event for Sidecars not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity, run on the Clypse Course. A non-championship 750 cc class for sidecars was introduced at the 1968 event. For the 1976 event the race was held over two-legs. From 1975, the previous 500 cc and 750 cc classes for Sidecars were replaced by a 1000 cc engine capacity class.

text: The new FIM Formula 2 class for Sidecars was introduced for the 1990 Isle of Man TT.

text:
1954–1959 FIM World Championship Event for Side-Cars not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity. Race held on the Clypse Course.
1960–1976 FIM World Championship Event held on Mountain Course.
1968–1974 Non-Championship event for Sidecars not exceeding 750 cc.
1975–1989 Sidecars not exceeding 1000 cc engine capacity.
1990– FIM Formula 2 Sidecar race for two-stroke engines not exceeding 350 cc or four-stroke engines not exceeding 600 cc.

text: The 2015 specifications for entries into the Sidecar TT race are:

text:
Machines must comply with general technical rules as per ACU Standing Regulations and 2015 Isle of Man TT regulations.

Engine Types

501 – 600 cc, 4 stroke, 4 cylinder, Production based motorcycle engines.

text: Senior TT[edit]

text: For the 1911 Isle of Man TT, the first TT event using the Snaefell Mountain Course or Mountain Course, two separate races were introduced. The first event was a four lap Junior TT race and a separate Senior TT race for 500 cc single-cylinder and 585 cc twin-cylinder motorcycles, over five laps of the new 37.5-mile (60.4 km) Snaefell Mountain Course. The new technical challenges of the Mountain Course forced changes on entrants and motorcycle manufacturers alike. The American Indian motorcycle factory fitted a two-speed gearbox and chain-drive. This proved to be the winning combination when Oliver Godfrey won the 1911 Senior TT race riding an Indian at an average speed of 47.63 mph (76.65 km/h). Fitted with a six-speed belt drive[22] Charlie Collier riding a Matchless motorcycle finished second in the 1911 Senior TT race and was later disqualified for illegal refuelling. During an early morning practice session for the 1911 Isle of Man TT races, Victor Surridge died after crashing his Rudge motorcycle at Glen Helen, the first death of a competitor on the Snaefell Mountain Course and the first death in the Isle of Man of a person in an automotive accident.[23]

text:
1911 For single cylinder motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity and 585 cc twin cylinder motorcycles.
1912–1939 For motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity.
1947–1948 For motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity and a ban on engine supercharging.
1949–1976 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity.
1977–1984 for motorcycles not exceeding 500 cc engine capacity.
1985–2004 for motorcycles complying with ACU TT Formula 1 rules not exceeding 1,010 cc engine capacity.
2004 onwards for motorcycles complying with ACU/FIM Superbike rules not exceeding 1,000 cc engine capacity.

text: The 2015 specifications for entries into the Senior TT race are:

text:
TT Superbike: (Machines complying with the 2015 FIM Superbike Championship specifications)[24]

Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 4 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 750 cc up to 1000 cc 3 cylinders 4-stroke
Over 850 cc up to 1200 cc 2 cylinders 4-stroke

text:
Supersport Junior TT (without limitation of tyre choice)

TT Superstock (without limitation of tyre choice)
Other machines admitted at the discretion of the Organisers.

text: TT Zero[edit]

text: Starting from the 2010 races, the TT Zero event over one lap (37.73 mi or 60.72 km) of the Snaefell Mountain Course replaced the TTXGP. The TT Zero event as an officially sanctioned TT race is for racing motorcycles where "The technical concept is for motorcycles (two wheeled) to be powered without the use of carbon based fuels and have zero toxic/noxious emissions".[25] The Isle of Man Government offered a prize of £10,000 for the first entrant to exceed the prestigious 100 mph (160 km/h) (22 minutes and 38.388 seconds) average speed around the Mountain Course. This was achieved by Michael Rutter of team MotoCzysz in the 2012 race,[26] and has been exceeded every year since.

text: Discontinued race classes[edit]

text: Ultra-Lightweight TT[edit]

text: 1924 was the first time the Ultra-Lightweight TT race took place for motorcycles not exceeding 175 cc engine capacity. It was won by Jack Porter, riding a New Imperial motorcycle at an average speed of 51.21 mph (82.41 km/h) over three laps of the Snaefell mountain course. The Ultra-Lightweight class was re-introduced in 1951 for motorcycles not exceeding 125 cc until discontinued in 1974, and then re-introduced for 1989, again for two-stroke 125 cc motorcycles, until dropped again due to lack of entries after 2004. The event was reintroduced 2008–2009 held on the four-mile Billown Circuit and then dropped from the race schedule on cost grounds for the 2010 races.

text:
1924–1925 For motorcycles not exceeding 175 cc engine capacity.
1951–1953 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 125 cc engine capacity, held on the Snaefell mountain course.
1954–1959 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 125 cc engine capacity, held on the Clypse Course.
1960–1974 FIM World Championship event for motorcycles not exceeding 125 cc engine capacity, held on the Mountain Course.
1989–2004 for motorcycles not exceeding 125 cc engine capacity, held on the Mountain Course.
2008–2009 for motorcycles not exceeding 125 cc engine capacity, held on the Billown Circuit.

text: 50 cc race 1962–1968, an additional World Championship event for Ultra-Lightweight motorcycles not exceeding 50 cc engine capacity, held on the Mountain Course.

text: Clubman TT and Production TT[edit]

text: The Clubman races with Lightweight, Junior and Senior classes were held for production motorcycles from 1947 until 1956.[27] A Senior 1000 cc class provided an opportunity for Vincent motorcycles.[28] The riders were little-known, but as the stars were barred from entering the class, it provided a stepping-stone for future-stars but resulted in less spectator-interest. The series became dominated by one model – the BSA Gold Star,[29][30][31] and with little competition from other manufacturers, was discontinued. When previewing the impending re-introduction of a specification-controlled, roadster-based class in March 1967, David Dixon wrote: "lack of inter-make rivalry probably put the final nail in the coffin".[29]

text: Writing in UK monthly magazine Motor Cyclist Illustrated, racing journalist Ray Knight, who had achieved a lap speed of nearly 88 mph on a Triumph Tiger 100 roadster-based racing motorcycle in the Manx Grand Prix,[32][33][34] commented in early 1965 that the ACU had refused a request from manufacturers to run a production TT race, which he thought was a missed opportunity, particularly considering the dwindling support for the 500 cc race.[35]

text: A Production TT for roadster-based motorcycles having classes for maximum engine capacities of 250 cc, 500 cc and 750 cc was introduced from 1967 until 1976 when the class was discontinued.

text: The Production TT was reintroduced for the 1984 races in three classes, reduced to two classes on safety grounds for the 1990 races. For the 2005 races the Superstock class replaced the previous 1000 cc & 600 cc Production TT classes that had been part of the race schedule since 1989.

text: Practice sessions[edit]

text: At the TT races there is usually one week of practice and one week of racing. Historically there was an early morning practice session from 05:00–07:30 am but this was discontinued from the 2004 races. During an early morning practice at the 1927 Isle of Man TT, Archie Birkin, brother of Tim Birkin of the Bentley Boys, was killed at Rhencullen. From 1928 practice sessions for the Isle of Man TT Races and Manx Grand Prix were held on closed roads. Evening practice sessions were introduced for the 1937 Isle of Man TT and continue to this day. The Thursday afternoon practice session from 13:45–17:00, introduced in the late 1950s, was discontinued from the Centenary races in 2007.

text: A schedule for practice sessions is announced each year well in advance. For the 2016 races a provisional schedule was announced by mid-July 2015,[36] and changes in the schedule were highlighted.[37]

text: But for example, the 2015 event began with a Saturday evening untimed practice session from 18:00–21:30, with the public roads that comprise the Snaefell Mountain Course closed. The section of the primary A18 Snaefell Mountain Road from Ramsey Hairpin to Creg-ny-Baa was to close at 16:45 for the practice periods (from 17:00 hours from the Bungalow), 1 hour and 15 minutes before the rest of the course.[38]

text: The first practice session in 2015 was to provide four controlled laps for newcomers, two for new Solo competitors and two for new Sidecar competitors. Competitors would be escorted for one lap of the Mountain Course by the Travelling Marshals at a steady pace and accompanied by experienced Isle of Man TT and/or Manx Grand Prix competitors.

text: The schedule for the first Saturday untimed session in 2015 was:

text: Practice week sessions[edit]

text: The main practice and timed practice sessions are usually held on Monday-Friday of the next week. The public roads forming the Mountain Course were to be closed in 2015 between 18:00 – 21:30 for the Solo and Sidecar classes. Some would-be racers need to qualify for races by achieving satisfactory practice times during these sessions.

text: Schedule for the five-day timed session Monday-Friday of practice week in 2015:

text: Race week practice sessions[edit]

text: Further scheduled timed practice sessions after the race periods for the 2015 Isle of Man TT Races:

text: Saturday 6 June:

text: Mad Sunday, 7 June: No practice sessions were scheduled during "Mad Sunday", a day when many fans ride the TT course themselves. An exception to this non-scheduling was in 2013 when there was racing on the afternoon of Mad Sunday. In 2013, Inspector Derek Flint said: "Even though the benefits of the mountain being one way are in place for the entire two weeks these days, Mad Sunday is traditionally a time for that little bit of extra exuberance, which creates us problems when people run out of skill, then run out of road". Police are out in force, and in 2013 large numbers of fans were expected to ride due to very favourable weather forecasts.[39]

text: Monday 8 June:

text: Wednesday 10 June:

text: Practice TT Zero[edit]

text: Schedule for the TT Zero Challenge timed sessions in 2015 was:

text: Friday 5 June 20:30 – 20:50

text: Saturday 6 June 17:45 – 18:30

text: Monday 8 June 16:00 – 16:30

text: In the event of inclement weather either delaying or leading to the cancellation of one or more timed practice sessions, a reserve morning session could be held with the public roads closed 06:00 – 07:30 on the Mountain Course. Further untimed practice sessions are held during race week after the racing has been completed for selected race classes.

text: Race schedule[edit]

text: In 2015 there were four scheduled race days:

text: Saturday 6 June:

text: Monday 8 June:

text: Wednesday 10 June:

text: Friday 12 June:

text: The section of the primary A18 Snaefell Mountain Road from Ramsey Hairpin (Barrule Park, Ramsey) to Creg-ny-Baa was to close for the race periods 45 minutes before the rest of the course (30 minutes from the Bungalow).[40]

text: TT course official vehicles[edit]

text: After the completion of a practice or race period, an official course vehicle displaying the notice Roads Open proceeds around the Mountain Course, passing each point opening the roads including side-access junctions to public use. On the Snaefell mountain road section from Ramsey to Douglas, the official vehicle displays the notice Roads Open One Way.

text: Crossing places during practice and races[edit]

text: The 1982 Road Racing Act (Isle of Man) and the supplementary TT Road Races Orders allow vehicles and pedestrians to cross the Snaefell Mountain Course at certain points between scheduled race periods under the supervision of a police officer. Several permanent pedestrian overbridges have been erected. These points include:

text: In Douglas[edit]

text:
A2 St Ninian's Crossroads with the A22 Ballaquayle Road and the A22 Ballanard Road
A2 junction at Bray Hill with the Tromode Road and Stoney Road
A1 Peel Road between Braddan Bridge (Jubilee Oak) and the Quarterbridge
A2 Governor's Road, Onchan, the A2 Glencrutchery Road and Victoria Road at Governor's Bridge
A2 Glencrutchery Road between Second & Third Avenues and Victoria Road
A18 Bemahague Road at Bedstead Corner, Onchan

text:
Pedestrian overbridge at Glencrutchery Road, Douglas, close to start/finish and TT Grandstand

Pedestrian overbridge at Bedstead Corner, Douglas, with Hailwood Avenue junction to right

text: Elsewhere[edit]

text:
A1 Douglas to Peel road with the A23 Eyreton Road and the B36 Old Church Road, Crosby
A3 Castletown to Ramsey road junction with B10 Sartfield Road and the Ballaleigh Road at Barregarrow Crossroads, Michael
A3 junction with A10 Station Road and C37 Ballaugh Glen Road at Ballaugh Bridge
A3 junction with A14 Sandygate Road and A14 Tholt-y-Will Glen Road at Sulby Crossroads
A2 Albert Square and Princes Road, Ramsey at the junction with A18 Snaefell Mountain Road, close to May Hill

text:
Pedestrian overbridge before School House Corner, western approach to Ramsey town

Pedestrian overbridge exiting Ramsey town centre, looking south-east towards May Hill

Pedestrian overbridge at The Bungalow, on Snaefell mountain

text: TT Course access road[edit]

text: The TT Access Road runs parallel to a section of the A1 Peel Road, which is part of the Snaefell Mountain Course, and operates during practice and race periods to enable vehicles to pass from inside of the race course to the outside. It runs along a section of former railway line on the historic Douglas to Peel route, from the junction of the A5 New Castletown Road at the Quarter Bridge, passing under the course at Braddan Bridge, to an exit at Braddan School Road in Douglas outskirts, near the former Braddan Railway Halt and the A23/Ballafletcher Road junction. The access road is a narrow, single-track width with passing places and is restricted to cars and light vans below a weight limit of 3,500 kilograms (3.4 long tons; 3.9 short tons). When used for vehicular traffic, pedestrian access is prohibited, but at other times it is part of a system of nature-trails.[41][42]

text: Description[edit]

text: The Oxford Companion to World Sports and Games notes:

text: The oldest motor-cycle racing circuit still in use is the Snaefell Mountain Course over which the Isle of Man Tourist Trophy races are run. Starting at the town of Douglas on the south-east coast, the course takes a wide sweep to the west and north to enter the town of Ramsey on the north-east coast and thence return to the starting point, each lap measuring 373⁄4 miles (60.7 km) and taking in over 200 bends while climbing from sea level to an altitude of over 1,300 ft (396 m). This circuit is the epitome of the natural road course, all the roads used being ordinary public highways closed for the racing and practice sessions.[43]

text: During race week, the TT races create a carnival atmosphere with picnicking spectators flanking vantage points on the circuit similar to other community festivals in another form of cycle racing – the Tour de Yorkshire and Le Tour de France.

text: Safety[edit]

text: Between 1907 and 2017 there have been 146 fatalities during official practices or races on the Snaefell Mountain Course, and 255 total fatalities (this number includes the riders killed during the Manx Grand Prix, and Clubman TT race series of the late 1940s/1950s).[8][44][45] In 2016, 5 riders died on the course during official practices or races, bringing the total number of fatalities to 252.[46][47][9][48] There were six fatalities among competitors in the 1970 Isle of Man TT, making it the deadliest year in the history of the event.[49][50]

text: Total overall race winners[edit]

text:
Rider
Wins

Joey Dunlop
26

John McGuinness
23

Dave Molyneux
17

Ian Hutchinson, Michael Dunlop
16

Mike Hailwood
14

Bruce Anstey
12

Steve Hislop, Phillip McCallen
11

Giacomo Agostini, Robert Fisher, Ian Lougher, Stanley Woods
10

Mick Boddice, David Jefferies, Siegfried Schauzu
9

Jim Moodie, Chas Mortimer, Phil Read, Charlie Williams
8

Mick Grant, Tony Rutter
7

Geoff Duke, Jimmie Guthrie, Jim Redman, John Surtees
6

Alec Bennett, Nick Crowe, Robert Dunlop, Brian Reid, Michael Rutter, Carlo Ubbiali
5

Ben Birchall, Klaus Enders, Freddie Frith, Wal Handley, Trevor Ireson, Dave Leach, Ray Pickrell, Tarquinio Provini, Bill Smith, Jock Taylor, John Williams
4

Adrian Archibald, Ray Amm, Simon Beck, Graeme Crosby, Max Deubel, Harold Daniell, Carl Fogarty, Alex George, Tom Herron, Alan Jackson, Ryan Farquhar, Tony Jefferies, Klaus Klaffenböck, Dave Leech, Rob McElnea, Bob McIntyre, Phil Mellor, Dave Morris, Chris Palmer, Walter Schneider, Ian Simpson, Darren Carguillo, Rolf Steinhausen, Luigi Taveri, Barry Woodland
3

Fergus Anderson, Hugh Anderson, Manliff Barrington, Artie Bell, Geoff Bell, Lowry Burton, Kel Carruthers, Charlie Collier, Steve Cull, Howard R Davies, Freddie Dixon, Charlie Dodson, Cameron Donald, Iain Duffus, Marc Flynn, Dick Greasley, Shaun Harris, John Hartle, Fritz Hillebrand, Gary Hocking, John Holden, Tim Hunt, Bill Ivy, Gary Johnson, Alistair King, Con Law, Eddie Laycock, Ivan Lintin, Bill Lomas, Graeme McGregor, Brian Morrison, Trevor Nation, Gary Padgett, Cecil Sandford, Dave Saville, Tom Sheard, Edwin Twemlow, Nigel Piercy, Steve Plater, Jock Porter, Malcolm Uphill, Eric Williams, Paul Williams
2

Steve Abbott, Dario Ambrosini, Frank A Applebee, Ivor Arber, Reg Armstrong, Georg Auerbacher, Mark Baldwin, W.H. Bashall, Ian Bell, Dieter Braun, Eric Briggs, Norman Brown, Ralph Bryans, Jimmy Buchan, Trevor Burgess, Roger Burnett, Florian Camathias, Maurice Cann, Phil Carpenter, Shannon Carpenter, Phil Carter, Harold Clark, Rod Coleman, Harry A Collier, Syd Crabtree, Dave Croxford, J.D. Daniels, Leo Davenport, G.S. Davison, Steve Day, Tommy de la Hay, Ernst Degner, Eddie Dow, P.J. Evans, Helmut Fath, Jack Findlay, Rem Fowler, Sid Gleave, Oliver Godfrey, Les Graham, Stuart Graham, Werner Haas, Conrad Harrison, Dean Harrison, Ron Haslam, R.J. Hazlehurst, F.G. Hicks, James Hillier, Mac Hobson, Bill Hodgson, Robert Holden, Rupert Hollaus, Colin Hopper, Clive Horton, Eric Housley, Dennis Ireland, Mitsuo Itoh, Brian Jackson, Nick Jefferies, C. W. Johnston, Ken Kavanagh, Bob Keeler, Neil Kelly, Ewald Kluge, Ray Knight, David Lashmar, Monty V. Lockwood, Frank Longman, Heinz Luthringshauser, Jack Marshall, Keith Martin, Hugh Mason, Cromie McCandless, Bill McVeigh, Georg Meier, Ted Mellors, Mark Miller, Derek Minter, George O'Dell, Eric Oliver, Mat Oxley, Les Parker, Denis Parkinson, Graham Penny, A. Phillips, Derek Powell, Cliff Pritchard, Cyril Pullin, Brian Purslow, Richard Quayle, Johnny Rea, Tim Reeves, Harry Reed, Tommy Robb, Brett Richmond, Mike Rogers, Nigel Rollason, Dave Roper, Fritz Scheidegger, Martyn Sharpe, Dave Simmonds, Bill Simpson, Jimmie Simpson, Barry Smith, Omobono Tenni, Steve Tonkin, G.H. Tucker, Kenneth Twemlow, Henry Tyrell-Smith, Chris Vincent, Terry Vinicombe, Graham Walker, Frank Whiteway, Cyril Williams, Peter Williams, Stan Wood, T.L. Wood
1

text: FIM Championship Rounds (1949–1976)[edit]

text: The Isle of Man TT was part of the FIM Motor-Cycle Grand Prix World Championship (now MotoGP) between 1949 and 1976. During this period the Isle of Man TT Races counted as the United Kingdom round including the Sidecar TT, 50 cc Ultra-Lightweight TT, 125 cc Lightweight TT, 250 cc Lightweight TT, 350 cc Junior TT and 500 cc Senior TT races counted towards the FIM Motor-Cycle Grand Prix World Championship. After the 1972 races, multiple world champion and dominant motorcycle racer of his time Giacomo Agostini announced he would never race again at the Isle of Man, declaring it too dangerous for international competition and that it was outrageous that such a race should never[clarification needed] be part of a scenario where riders were forced to do such a race; at this point the Isle of Man TT was not suited to the growing professionalism and business aspects of Grand Prix motorcycle racing. More and more riders joined his boycott, and after 1976 the race was stricken from the championship and replaced by the British Grand Prix.

text:
Year
50 cc (Ultra-Lightweight TT)
125 cc (Lightweight TT)
250 cc (Lightweight TT)
350 cc (Junior TT)
500 cc (Senior TT)
Report

Rider
Manufacturer
Rider
Manufacturer
Rider
Manufacturer
Rider
Manufacturer
Rider
Manufacturer

1976

 Tom Herron
Yamaha
 Chas Mortimer
Yamaha
 Tom Herron
Yamaha
Report

1975

 Chas Mortimer
Yamaha
 Charlie Williams
Yamaha
 Mick Grant
Kawasaki
Report

1974

 Charlie Williams
Yamaha
 Tony Rutter
Yamaha
 Phil Carpenter
Yamaha
Report

1973

 Tommy Robb
Yamaha
 Charlie Williams
Yamaha
 Tony Rutter
Yamaha
 Jack Findlay
Suzuki
Report

1972

 Chas Mortimer
Yamaha
 Phil Read
Yamaha
 Giacomo Agostini
MV Agusta
 Giacomo Agostini
MV Agusta
Report

1971

 Chas Mortimer
Yamaha
 Phil Read
Yamaha
 Tony Jefferies
Yamsel
 Giacomo Agostini
MV Agusta
Report

1970

 Dieter Braun
Suzuki
 Kel Carruthers
Yamaha
 Giacomo Agostini
MV Agusta
 Giacomo Agostini
MV Agusta
Report

1969

 Dave Simmonds
Kawasaki
 Kel Carruthers
Benelli
 Giacomo Agostini
MV Agusta
 Giacomo Agostini
MV Agusta
Report

1968
 Barry Smith
Derbi
 Phil Read
Yamaha
 Bill Ivy
Yamaha
 Giacomo Agostini
MV Agusta
 Giacomo Agostini
MV Agusta
Report

1967
 Stuart Graham
Suzuki
 Phil Read
Yamaha
 Mike Hailwood
Honda
 Mike Hailwood
Honda
 Mike Hailwood
Honda
Report

1966
 Ralph Bryans
Honda
 Bill Ivy
Yamaha
 Mike Hailwood
Honda
 Giacomo Agostini
MV Agusta
 Mike Hailwood
Honda
Report

1965
 Luigi Taveri
Honda
 Phil Read
Yamaha
 Jim Redman
Honda
 Jim Redman
Honda
 Mike Hailwood
MV Agusta
Report

1964
 Hugh Anderson
Suzuki
 Luigi Taveri
Honda
 Jim Redman
Honda
 Jim Redman
Honda
 Mike Hailwood
MV Agusta
Report

1963
 Mitsuo Itoh
Suzuki
 Hugh Anderson
Suzuki
 Jim Redman
Honda
 Jim Redman
Honda
 Mike Hailwood
MV Agusta
Report

1962
 Ernst Degner
Suzuki
 Luigi Taveri
Honda
 Derek Minter
Honda
 Mike Hailwood
MV Agusta
 Gary Hocking
MV Agusta
Report

1961

 Mike Hailwood
Honda
 Mike Hailwood
Honda
 Phil Read
Norton
 Mike Hailwood
Norton
Report

1960

 Carlo Ubbiali
MV Agusta
 Gary Hocking
MV Agusta
 John Hartle
MV Agusta
 John Surtees
MV Agusta
Report

1959

 Tarquinio Provini
MV Agusta
 Tarquinio Provini
MV Agusta
 John Surtees
MV Agusta
 John Surtees
MV Agusta
Report

1958

 Carlo Ubbiali
MV Agusta
 Tarquinio Provini
MV Agusta
 John Surtees
MV Agusta
 John Surtees
MV Agusta
Report

1957

 Tarquinio Provini
Mondial
 Cecil Sandford
Mondial
 Bob McIntyre
Gilera
 Bob McIntyre
Gilera
Report

1956

 Carlo Ubbiali
MV Agusta
 Carlo Ubbiali
MV Agusta
 Ken Kavanagh
Moto Guzzi
 John Surtees
MV Agusta
Report

1955

 Carlo Ubbiali
MV Agusta
 Bill Lomas
Moto Guzzi
 Bill Lomas
Moto Guzzi
 Geoff Duke
Gilera
Report

1954

 Rupert Hollaus
NSU
 Werner Haas
NSU
 Rod Coleman
AJS
 Ray Amm
Norton
Report

1953

 Leslie Graham
MV Agusta
 Fergus Anderson
Moto Guzzi
 Ray Amm
Norton
 Ray Amm
Norton
Report

1952

 Cecil Sandford
MV Agusta
 Fergus Anderson
Moto Guzzi
 Geoff Duke
Norton
 Reg Armstrong
Norton
Report

1951

 Cromie McCandless
Mondial
 Tommy Wood
Moto Guzzi
 Geoff Duke
Norton
 Geoff Duke
Norton
Report

1950

 Dario Ambrosini
Benelli
 Artie Bell
Norton
 Geoff Duke
Norton
Report

1949

 Manliff Barrington
Moto Guzzi
 Freddie Frith
Velocette
 Harold Daniell
Norton
Report

text: Current lap records[edit]

text:
Category
Rider(s)
Machine
Tyres
Year
Time
Average speed
Source[51]

mph
km/h

Outright (all categories)
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2016
16:53.929
133.962
215.591
[1][2]

Superbike TT
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2016
16:58.254
133.393
214.675
[52][53]

Supersport TT
Michael Dunlop
Honda CBR600RR
Dunlop
2013
17:35.659
128.666
207.068

Lightweight TT
James Hillier
Kawasaki ER650
Metzeler
2015
18:43.955
120.848
194.486
[citation needed]

Ultra-Lightweight TT
Chris Palmer
Honda RS125

2004
20:20.87
110.52
177.86

Senior TT
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2016
16:53.929
133.962
215.591
[1][2]

Superstock TT
Ian Hutchinson
BMW S1000RR
Metzeler
2016
17:00.510
133.098
214.200
[54][55]

TT Zero
John McGuinness
Mugen Shinden
Dunlop
2015
18:58.743
119.279
191.961
[citation needed]

Sidecar TT
Ben Birchall and
Tom Birchall
LCR Honda 600cc Sidecar
Avon
2017
19:19.746
117.119
188.485
[56][57]

text: Current race records[edit]

text:
Category
Rider(s)
Machine
Tyres
Year
Race time
Average speed

mph
km/h

Superbike TT (6 laps)
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2016
01:44:14.259
130.306
209.707[52][53]

Supersport TT (4 laps)
Ian Hutchinson
Yamaha YZF-R6
Metzeler
2016
01:11:36.808
126.445
203.494[58][59]

Lightweight TT (4 laps)
Ivan Lintin
Kawasaki ER650
Metzeler
2016
01:16:26.681
118.454
190.633[60]

Lightweight TT (3 laps)
Ivan Lintin
Kawasaki ER650
Metzeler
2015
57:06.070
118.936
191.409[61]

Senior TT (6 laps)
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2016
01:43:56.129
130.685
210.317[1][2]

Senior TT (4 laps)
John McGuinness
Honda CBR1000RR
Dunlop
2015
01:09:23.903
130.481
209.989

Superstock TT (4 laps)
Ian Hutchinson
BMW S1000RR
Metzeler
2016
01:09:47.543
129.745
208.804[54][55]

TT Zero (1 lap)
John McGuinness
Mugen Shinden
Dunlop
2015
18:58.743
119.279
191.961

Sidecar TT (3 laps)
Ben Birchall and
Tom Birchall
LCR Sidecar
Avon
2015
58:24.971
116.259
187.101

text: Race awards[edit]

text: Race winner trophies[edit]

text:
Race
Trophy
Rider(s)
Machine
Tyres
Year
Average speed

mph
km/h

Senior TT
Senior Tourist Trophy1
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2016
130.685
210.317[1][2]

TT Superbike
TT Superbike Trophy
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
Dunlop
2016
130.306
209.707[52][53]

TT Superstock
John Hartle Trophy
Ian Hutchinson
BMW S1000RR
Metzeler
2016
129.745
208.804[54][55]

TT Supersport Race 1
Junior Tourist Trophy
Ian Hutchinson
Yamaha YZF-R6
Metzeler
2016
126.445
203.494[58][59]

TT Supersport Race 2
Classic TT Trophy
Ian Hutchinson
Yamaha YZF-R6
Metzeler
2016
125.905
202.624[62]

TT Lightweight
Lightweight TT Trophy
Ivan Lintin
Kawasaki ER650
Metzeler
2016
118.454
190.633[60]

TT Sidecar Race 1
Fred W. Dixon Trophy
John Holden and
Andrew Winkle
LCR Suzuki 600 cc
Avon
2016
114.282
183.919[63][64]

TT Sidecar Race 2
Sidecar TT Trophy
Ben Birchall and
Tom Birchall
LCR Honda 600 cc
Avon
2016
115.658
186.134[65]

text: ^1 Marquis de Mouzilly St Mars Trophy.

text: Fastest lap awards[edit]

text:
Race
Trophy
Rider(s)
Machine
Year
Average speed
Time

mph
km/h

Overall
Jimmy Simpson Trophy
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
2016
133.962
215.591
16:53.929[1][2]

Senior TT
Norman Brown Trophy
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
2016
133.962
215.591
16:53.929[1][2]

TT Superbike
John Williams Trophy
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
2016
133.393
214.675
16:58.254[52][53]

TT Superstock
Don Ryder Trophy
Ian Hutchinson
BMW S1000RR
2016
133.098
214.200
17:00.510[54][55]

TT Supersport Race
Formula 2 TT Trophy
Ian Hutchinson
Yamaha YZF-R6
2016
128.259
206.413
17:39.013[66]

TT Sidecar Race
Jock Taylor Trophy
Ben Birchall and
Tom Birchall
LCR Honda 600 Sidecar
2016
116.798
187.968
19:22.928[63][64]

text: Special awards[edit]

text:
Award
Trophy
Rider(s)
Machine
Year

TT Solo Championship
Joey Dunlop Trophy
Ian Hutchinson
BMW S1000RR
Yamaha YZF-R6
2016[1]

TT Privateer's Champion
TT Privateer's Champion
Daniel Hegarty
Kawasaki Ninja ZX-10R
Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R
2016[1]

Overall Sidecar Championship
RAC Sidecar Trophy
John Holden and
Andrew Winkle
LCR Suzuki 600 cc
2016[67]

Sidecar Passenger Championship
Craig Trophy
Andrew Winkle
LCR Suzuki 600 cc
2016[67]

Supersport Championship
TT Supporters' Club Trophy
Ian Hutchinson
Yamaha YZF-R6
2016

Sidecar Chassis Championship
Fred Hanks Trophy
John Holden and
Andrew Winkle
LCR Suzuki 600 cc
2016[67]

Newcomers Sidecar Driver Championship
Peter Chapman Trophy
Lionel Mansuy
Windle 600 cc
2015

Newcomers Sidecar Passenger Championship
Dave Wells Trophy
Matty Ramsden
LCR 600 cc
2015

British competitor
British manufacturer
Joe Craig Trophy
Guy Martin
Triumph 675 cc
2015

Irish (North or South) solo competitor
Martin Finnegan Trophy
Michael Dunlop
BMW S1000RR
2016[1][2]

Isle of Man solo competitor
Gavin Lee Trophy
Conor Cummins
Honda CBR1000RR
2016[2]

text: Other Special awards[edit]

text: Fastest Newcomer – The Vernon Cooper Trophy

text:
Rider(s)
Machine
Year
Average speed
Time

mph
km/h

Derek McGee
Honda 1000 cc
2015
121.928
196.224
18:33.999

text: Most Meritorious Female – The Susan Jeness Trophy is awarded yearly by the Executive Committee of the TT Supporters' Club, in recognition of the "most meritorious performance by a female competitor" during the previous TT meeting.[68]

text:
Rider(s)
Race Category
Year

Jenny Tinmouth
solo rider
2010

Jenny Tinmouth
solo rider
2011

Debbie Baron
as driver, Ireson Kawasaki Sidecar 600 cc
2012

Estelle Leblond
as driver, Sidecar 600 cc
2013

Estelle Leblond
as driver, Sidecar 600 cc
2014

(undecided)

2015


document_title: Spider-Man: Homecoming

question_text: who plays the girl in spider man homecoming

root

text: Spider-Man: Homecoming

text: Plot

text: Following the Battle of New York,[N 1] Adrian Toomes and his salvage company are contracted to clean up the city, but their operation is taken over by the Department of Damage Control (D.O.D.C.), a partnership between Tony Stark and the U.S. government. Enraged at being driven out of business, Toomes persuades his employees to keep the Chitauri technology they have already scavenged and use it to create and sell advanced weapons. Eight years later, Peter Parker is drafted into the Avengers by Stark to help with an internal dispute,[N 2] but resumes his studies at the Midtown School of Science and Technology when Stark tells him he is not yet ready to become a full Avenger.

tag: p

text: Parker quits his school's academic decathlon team to spend more time focusing on his crime-fighting activities as Spider-Man. One night, after preventing criminals from robbing an ATM with their advanced weapons from Toomes, Parker returns to his Queens apartment where his best friend Ned discovers his secret identity. On another night, Parker comes across Toomes' associates Jackson Brice / Shocker and Herman Schultz selling weapons to local criminal Aaron Davis. Parker saves Davis before being caught by Toomes and dropped in a lake, nearly drowning after becoming tangled in a parachute built into his suit. He is rescued by Stark, who is monitoring the Spider-Man suit he gave Parker and warns him against further involvement with the criminals. Toomes accidentally kills Brice with one of their weapons, and Schultz becomes the new Shocker.

text: Parker and Ned study a weapon left behind by Brice, removing its power core. When a tracking device on Schultz leads to Maryland, Parker rejoins the decathlon team and accompanies them to Washington, D.C. for their national tournament. Ned and Parker disable the tracker Stark implanted in the Spider-Man suit, and unlock its advanced features. Parker tries to stop Toomes from stealing weapons from a D.O.D.C. truck, but is trapped inside the truck, causing him to miss the decathlon tournament. When he discovers that the power core is an unstable Chitauri grenade, Parker races to the Washington Monument where the core explodes and traps Ned and their friends in an elevator. Evading local authorities, Parker saves his friends, including his fellow classmate and crush Liz. Returning to New York City, Parker persuades Davis to reveal Toomes' whereabouts. Aboard the Staten Island Ferry, Parker captures Toomes' new buyer Mac Gargan, but Toomes escapes and a malfunctioning weapon tears the ferry in half. Stark helps Parker save the passengers and takes away the suit.

text: Parker returns to his high school life, and eventually asks Liz to go to the homecoming dance with him. On the night of the dance, Parker learns that Toomes is Liz’s father. Deducing Parker's secret identity from Liz's account about him, Toomes threatens retaliation if he interferes with his plans. During the dance, Parker realizes Toomes is planning to hijack a D.O.D.C. plane transporting weapons from Avengers Tower to the team's new headquarters, dons his old homemade Spider-Man suit and races to Toomes' lair. He is first ambushed by Schultz, but defeats him with the help of Ned. At the lair, Toomes destroys the building's support beams and leaves Parker to die. Parker escapes the rubble and intercepts the plane, steering it to crash on the beach near Coney Island. He and Toomes continue fighting, ending with Parker saving Toomes' life after the damaged Vulture suit explodes, and leaving him for the police along with the plane's cargo. After her father's arrest, Liz moves away, and Parker declines an invitation from Stark to join the Avengers full-time. Stark returns Parker's suit, which he puts on at his apartment just as his Aunt May walks in.

text: In a mid-credits scene, an incarcerated Gargan approaches Toomes in prison. Gargan has heard that Toomes knows Spider-Man's real identity, which Toomes denies.

text: Cast

text:
Tom Holland as Peter Parker / Spider-Man:
A 15-year-old who gained spider-like abilities after being bitten by a genetically-modified spider.[7] Producers Kevin Feige and Amy Pascal were impressed by Holland's performances in The Impossible (2012), Wolf Hall (2015), and In the Heart of the Sea (2015).[8] Holland took inspiration from previous Spider-Man actors Tobey Maguire and Andrew Garfield, but also hoped to deliver something "new and exciting" with his take on the character,[9] the first to focus on Parker as "dealing with everyday problems that a 15-year-old deals with as well as trying to save the city".[10] Holland attended The Bronx High School of Science in The Bronx for a few days to prepare for the role,[11] where other students did not believe he was cast as Spider-Man. Holland felt this would carry over well to the film, where other characters do not suspect Parker of being Spider-Man.[12] It took 25 to 45 minutes for Holland to get into costume, depending on if he had to wear a stunt harness underneath the suit.[11] Holland initially signed for six MCU films, including three Spider-Man films.[13]
Michael Keaton as Adrian Toomes / Vulture:
A salvager-turned-arms-trafficker after his company is forced out of business. He uses a suit with mechanical wings forged from Chitauri technology.[14] Toomes is revealed to be the father of Liz, Parker's love interest.[15] Director Jon Watts wanted him to be a "regular guy", closer to John C. Reilly's Nova Corpsman Rhomann Dey from Guardians of the Galaxy (2014) than other MCU villains like Thanos and Ultron, to go with Spider-Man as a "regular kid who becomes a superhero".[16][14] This helped avoid Toomes drawing the attention of the Avengers, and provided someone that Parker would be able to defeat while still learning to use his abilities.[17] Keaton said Toomes was not completely villainous, as "there's parts of him that you go, 'You know what? I might see his point'".[18] Co-producer Eric Hauserman Carroll likened Toomes to "the dark Tony Stark",[14] a "businessman with a family. He wants to look out for his kids ... He doesn’t have these big delusions of grandeur where he wants to take over the world, or replace the government, or even defeat the Avengers or anything. He just wants his shot at the good life".[19] Keaton was not hesitant to portray another comic book character after playing Batman in Tim Burton's 1989 film and its 1992 sequel.[18]
Jon Favreau as Harold "Happy" Hogan:
The former head of security for Stark Industries and Tony Stark's driver and bodyguard.[20] Hogan is "looking after" Parker in the film, with Favreau saying that Parker "needs someone to help him out".[21] Favreau previously portrayed Hogan in the Iron Man films, having also directed the first two of those, and described returning as just an actor as fun, allowing him "to maintain the relationship with the MCU ... Especially when the filmmakers are taking care of you, and taking care of the characters and the story".[22]
Zendaya as Michelle "MJ" Jones:
One of Parker's classmates,[23][24] Zendaya called her awkward but intellectual, "she just feels like she doesn't need to talk to people".[25] She added that it was "refreshing" that Michelle was weird and different, feeling that "a lot of young people—especially young women—can relate to that".[26] Watts likened the character to Ally Sheedy's Allison Reynolds from The Breakfast Club (1985) or Linda Cardellini's Lindsay Weir from Freaks and Geeks (1999–2000).[19] The character is not an adaptation of Mary Jane Watson, but was given the initials "MJ" to "remind you of that dynamic",[27] with the writers "plant[ing] the seeds in this movie" for comparisons to Watson, but also making her "wholly different".[28] Feige added that Michelle is "not obsessed with" Parker like Watson is at times in the comics, "she's just observant".[27]
Donald Glover as Aaron Davis:
A criminal looking to purchase weapons from Toomes.[29][30] Davis is the uncle of Miles Morales, a version of Spider-Man, in the comics. Glover voiced Morales in the Ultimate Spider-Man television series, and campaigned to portray Spider-Man in a film in 2010. Watts was aware of the campaign, and as soon as he was hired he asked Feige about casting Glover. The role was designed as "a surprise treat for fans", with Davis mentioning his nephew to set up Morales potentially appearing in a future MCU film.[30]
Tyne Daly as Anne Marie Hoag: The head of the U.S. Department of Damage Control.[31][32]
Marisa Tomei as May Parker:
Peter's aunt.[33][34] First reports of Tomei's casting caused backlash on social media, with comic book fans opining that the actress was "too young and attractive to portray the character",[35] especially after the character had previously been depicted by older actresses than Tomei. Regarding the casting, Captain America: Civil War co-writer Stephen McFeely said that, for the MCU, they were trying to make Peter "as naturalistic as possible...That's partly why his aunt isn't 80 years old; if she's the sister of his dead mother, why does she have to be two generations ahead?"[36] Carroll added that the creative team was looking for more of a "big sister" or someone closer in age to Peter Parker in the casting process.[37] After researching the character, Tomei did make "a case to age me up, but no they didn't do it".[38] Tomei felt there was a "blank slate" from which she could develop the character, and talked to Watts about May being "a community organizer or invested in the neighborhood" to indicate where Peter's values come from.[39]
Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man:
A self-described genius, billionaire, playboy, and philanthropist with electromechanical suits of armor of his own invention, who is Parker's mentor and is the creator of the U.S. Department of Damage Control.[40][19] Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group chairman Thomas Rothman noted that, beyond the commercial advantage of featuring Downey in the film, the inclusion of Stark was important due to the relationship established between him and Parker in Captain America: Civil War.[41] Watts noted that after Stark's actions in Civil War, introducing Parker to life as an Avenger, there are "a lot of repercussions to that. Is it a first step towards Tony as some sort of mentor figure? Is he comfortable with that?"[42] Co-writer Jonathan Goldstein compared Stark to Ethan Hawke's father character in Boyhood (2014).[17]

tag: ul

text: Additionally, Gwyneth Paltrow, Kerry Condon, and Chris Evans reprise their roles as Pepper Potts,[43] F.R.I.D.A.Y.,[44] and Steve Rogers / Captain America from previous MCU films, respectively. Rogers appears in public service announcements played at Parker's school.[45] Jacob Batalon portrays Parker's best friend Ned,[23][46][47] a "complete gamer",[48] whom Batalon described as "the quintessential best guy, the best man, the number two guy, the guy in the chair" for Parker.[49] Marvel used Ned Leeds as a basis for the character, who does not have a last name in the script or film, but essentially created their own character with him. Carroll said that Ned and other characters in the film are composites of several of their favorites from Spider-Man comics, and while Ned may eventually wind up with the last name "Leeds", it is not a guarantee.[47] Laura Harrier portrays Liz, a senior, Parker's love interest, and Toomes' daughter,[50][51] with a "type-A" personality.[19] Tony Revolori plays Eugene "Flash" Thompson, Parker's rival and classmate.[51][52] It was noted that the character is generally depicted as a white bully in the comics; the Guatemalan American actor received death threats upon his casting.[51][53] Revolori worked hard "to do him justice", as he is an important character to the fans.[51] Rather than being a physically imposing jock, Thompson was re-imagined as "a rich, smug kid" to reflect modern views of bullying,[54] by crafting him more into a social media bully and rival for Parker opposed to a jock;[53] this depiction was largely informed by Holland's visit to The Bronx High School of Science.[11] Revolori said that Thompson has to work hard to match Parker's intelligence, which is "one of the reasons he doesn't like Peter. Everyone else seems to like Peter, so he's like, why don't they like me like they like him?" Revolori gained 60 lb (27 kg) for the role.[53]

text: Garcelle Beauvais portrays Doris Toomes, Adrian's wife and Liz's mother,[55][56] and Jennifer Connelly provides the voice of Karen, the A.I. in Parker's suit.[44] Hemky Madera appears as Mr. Delmar, the owner of a local bodega.[57] Bokeem Woodbine and Logan Marshall-Green respectively play Herman Schultz and Jackson Brice, both incarnations of Shocker;[19][58][59][60] they are accomplices of Toomes who use modified, vibro-blast shooting versions of Crossbones' gauntlets.[19] Michael Chernus plays Phineas Mason / Tinkerer,[61][14] Michael Mando appears as Mac Gargan,[62][32] and Christopher Berry appears as Randy.[57] Faculty at Parker's high school include: Kenneth Choi, who previously played Jim Morita in the MCU, as Jim's descendant Principal Morita;[63][60] Hannibal Buress as Coach Wilson,[64] the school's gym teacher, who he described as "one of the dumbass characters that don't realize [Parker is] Spider-Man";[65][66] Martin Starr, who previously had a non-speaking role in The Incredible Hulk (2008),[67] as Mr. Harrington,[60] a teacher and academic decathlon coach;[68][69] Selenis Leyva as Ms. Warren;[70][71] Tunde Adebimpe as Mr. Cobbwell;[57] and John Penick as Mr. Hapgood.[72] Parker's classmates include: Isabella Amara as Sally;[73][74] Jorge Lendeborg Jr. as Jason Ionello;[73][75] J. J. Totah as Seymour;[73][76] Abraham Attah as Abraham;[77][60] Tiffany Espensen as Cindy;[55][78] Angourie Rice as Betty Brant;[79][80] Michael Barbieri as Charles;[81][82][75] and Ethan Dizon as Tiny.[75] Martha Kelly appears in the film as a tour guide,[83][57] and Kirk Thatcher makes a cameo appearance as a "punk", a homage to his role in Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home.[84] Spider-Man co-creator Stan Lee also has a cameo, as a New York City apartment resident named Gary who witnesses Parker's confrontation with a neighbor.[85][86] Jona Xiao was cast in an undisclosed role, but did not appear in the final film.[87]

text: Production

text: Development

text:
"There are so many things from the comics that haven't been done yet ... stories [that] he's in high school for a lot of it. We want to explore that. That also makes him very, very different from any of our other characters in the MCU"

—Kevin Feige, President of Marvel Studios[88]

tag: div

text: Following the November 2014 hacking of Sony's computers, emails between Sony Pictures Entertainment Co-Chairman Amy Pascal and president Doug Belgrad were released, stating that Sony wanted Marvel Studios to produce a new trilogy of Spider-Man films while Sony retained "creative control, marketing and distribution". Discussions between Sony and Marvel broke down, and Sony planned to proceed with its own slate of Spider-Man films.[89] However, in February 2015, Sony Pictures and Marvel Studios announced that they would release a new Spider-Man film, with Kevin Feige and Pascal producing (the latter through her company Pascal Pictures).[90][91] The character would first appear in an earlier Marvel Cinematic Universe film,[90] later revealed to be Captain America: Civil War.[92] Marvel Studios would explore opportunities to integrate MCU characters into future Spider-Man films, which Sony Pictures would continue to finance, distribute, and have final creative control over.[90] Both studios have the ability to terminate the agreement at any point, and no money was exchanged with the deal. However, a small adjustment was made to a 2011 deal that gave Marvel full control of Spider-Man's merchandising rights, in exchange for a one-time payment of $175 million to Sony and paying up to $35 million for each future Spider-Man film rather than receiving their previous 5% of a Spider-Man film's revenue—Marvel could now reduce their $35 million payment if the co-produced film grossed more than $750 million.[93] Lone Star Funds also co-financed the film with Sony, via its LSC Film Corporation deal,[94] covering 25% of the $175 million budget,[95] while Columbia Pictures officially served as co-producer with Marvel Studios.[96] Sony also paid Marvel Studios an undisclosed producer fee.[97]

text: Marvel had been working to add Spider-Man to the Marvel Cinematic Universe since at least October 2014, when they announced their slate of Phase Three films, with Feige saying, "Marvel doesn't announce anything officially until it's set in stone. So we went forward with that Plan A in October, with the Plan B being, if [the deal] were to happen with Sony, how it would all shift. We've been thinking about [the Spider-Man film] as long as we've been thinking about Phase Three."[98] Avi Arad and Matt Tolmach, producers for the Amazing Spider-Man series, were set to serve as executive producers,[99] with neither director Marc Webb nor actor Andrew Garfield returning for the new film.[100] Sony was reportedly looking for an actor younger than Garfield to play Spider-Man,[99] with Logan Lerman and Dylan O'Brien considered front-runners.[101] In March 2015, Drew Goddard was being considered to write and direct the film,[102][103] while O'Brien said he had not been approached for the role.[104] Goddard, who was previously attached to a Sony film based on the Sinister Six, later said he declined to work on the new film as he thought he "didn't really have an idea" for it and struggled with the idea of working on a new film after spending a year working on the Sinister Six film and being in that mindset.[105] The next month, while promoting Avengers: Age of Ultron, Feige said the character of Peter Parker would be around 15 to 16 years old in the film,[88] which would not be an origin story, since "there have been two retellings of that origin in the last [thirteen years, so] we are going to take it for granted that people know that, and the specifics".[98] Parker's Uncle Ben is still referenced in the film,[106] but not by name.[107] Later in April, Nat Wolff, Asa Butterfield, Tom Holland, Timothée Chalamet, and Liam James were under consideration by Sony and Marvel to play Spider-Man,[108] with Holland and Butterfield the front-runners.[109]

text: In May 2015, Jonathan Levine, Ted Melfi, Jason Moore, the writing team of John Francis Daley and Jonathan Goldstein, and Jared Hess were being considered to direct the film.[110] Butterfield, Holland, Judah Lewis, Matthew Lintz, Charlie Plummer, and Charlie Rowe screen tested for the lead role against Robert Downey Jr., who portrays Tony Stark / Iron Man in the MCU, for "chemistry".[111][112] The six were chosen out of a search of over 1,500 actors to test in front of Feige, Pascal, and the Russo brothers—the directors of Captain America: Civil War.[112] By early June 2015, Levine and Melfi had become the favorites to direct the film, with Daley and Goldstein, and Jon Watts also in consideration,[113] while Feige and Pascal narrowed the actors considered to Holland and Rowe, with both screen testing with Downey again. Holland also tested with Chris Evans, who portrays Steve Rogers / Captain America in the MCU, and emerged as the favorite.[111] On June 23, Marvel and Sony officially announced that Holland would star as Spider-Man, and that Watts would direct the film.[8] The Russos "were pretty vocal about who [they] wanted for the part", pushing to cast an actor close to the age of Peter Parker in order to differentiate from the previous portrayals. They also praised Holland for having a dancing and gymnastics background.[92] Watts was able to read the Civil War script, talk with the Russos, and was on set for the filming of Spider-Man's scenes in that film.[107] He was able to "see what they were doing with it" and provide "ideas about this and that",[114] including what Parker's bedroom and wardrobe looked like "so that my movie transitions seamlessly with theirs".[107] On joining the MCU and directing the film, Watts said he was excited to explore the "ground level" of the MCU, a world where characters like the Avengers exist but have only been depicted in previous films at "the Penthouse level of the Marvel world".[19]

text: Before getting the job of director, Watts created images of Nick Fury as Parker's mentor in the story in early "mood reels" saying, "I don’t know what the situation would be, but that would be a person he’d want to get in trouble with."[115] Feige said the films of John Hughes would be a major influence and that Parker's personal growth and development would be just as important as his role as Spider-Man. He noted that "at that age, in high school, everything feels like life or death". He also said that the film hoped to use one of Spider-Man's rogues that have not been seen in film yet,[116] and that filming would begin in June 2016.[117] In July 2015, it was reported that Marisa Tomei had been offered the role of May Parker, Peter's aunt.[33] It was also revealed that Daley and Goldstein, after missing out on the director role, had begun negotiations to write the screenplay,[118] and were given three days to present Marvel with their pitch;[119] both confirmed shortly after that they had reached a deal to write the screenplay.[120] The pair had proposed a take on the character that was "diametrically opposed" to the previous Spider-Man films, creating a laundry list of all the elements seen in those films and actively trying to avoid re-using them. They chose to focus on the high school aspects of the character rather than the "drama and weight of the tragedy that leads to the origin of Spider-Man". They felt this would differentiate him from the other MCU superheroes as well.[17] Daley said the film was about Parker "finding his place" in the MCU, with the writing team wanting the film to focus on him "coming to terms with his new abilities and not yet being good with them, and carrying with him some real human fears and weaknesses", such as a fear of heights when he has to scale the Washington Monument. Daley noted, "Even within the context of this movie, I don't think you would feel that fear of heights or even the vertigo the audience feels in that scene if you establish him as swinging from skyscrapers at the top of the movie."[15] The writers also wanted to avoid the skyscrapers of Manhattan because of how often they were used in the other films, and instead wrote the character into locations such as "the suburbs, on a golf course, the Staten Island Ferry, Coney Island, and even Washington D.C." One of the first sequences they pitched was "seeing Spider-Man attached to a plane 10,000 feet up in the air, where he had absolutely no safety net. ... you’re familiar with the sort of areas he’s been in, [so] why not turn it on its head and make it something different that people haven’t seen before?"[17] The pair conceded that the film took a more grounded, "low-stakes" approach than previous films, which avoided having to explain why the Avengers were not helping, since a world-threatening problem would logically require the "big guys".[15]

text: Marvel encouraged Daley and Goldstein to express their own sense of humor in the script, with Daley saying, "When you’re seeing the world through the eyes of a fun, funny kid, you can really embrace that voice, and not give him the cookie-cutter one-liners that you’re so accustomed to hearing from Peter Parker." Inspired by their experiences working on sit-coms, the writers also looked to create "a network of strong characters" to surround Parker with in the film.[17] In October 2015, Watts said he was looking to make the film a coming-of-age story to see the growth of Parker, citing Can't Buy Me Love (1987), Say Anything... (1989), and Almost Famous (2000) as some of his favorite films in that genre.[121] It was this aspect of the film that had initially got Watts interested in directing it, as he had already been looking to make a coming-of-age story when he heard that the new Spider-Man would be younger than previous incarnations.[122] Watts re-read the original Spider-Man comics in preparation for the film, and "came to a new realization" about the character's original popularity, feeling that he introduced a new perspective to the comics that had already established "a crazy spectacular Marvel Universe ... to give a regular person’s perspective on it". He felt that this was also the responsibility of this film, since it had to introduce Spider-Man to the already established MCU.[107] Specific comics that Watts noted as potential influences were Ultimate Spider-Man and Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane.[122] In December, Oliver Scholl signed on to be the production designer for the film.[123]

text: Pre-production

text: Watts wanted to heavily pre-visualize the film, especially its action sequences, as he does on all his films. For Homecoming, Watts worked with a team to "figure out the visual language for the action sequences and ... try stuff out before" filming began to help Watts practice given his lack of experience working on large-scale films. For the "web-slinging" sequences, Watts wanted to avoid the big "swoopy" camera moves that had been previously used and instead "keep it all as grounded as possible. So, whether it was shooting with a drone camera or a helicopter or a cable-cam, or even just handheld, up on a roof chasing after him, I wanted it to feel like we were there with him".[122]

text: In January 2016, Sony shifted the film's release date to July 7, 2017,[124] and said the film would be digitally remastered for IMAX 3D in post-production.[125] J. K. Simmons expressed interest in reprising his role as J. Jonah Jameson from Sam Raimi's Spider-Man films.[126] In early March, Zendaya was cast in the film as Michelle, and Tomei was confirmed as May Parker.[127][34] The following month, Feige confirmed that characters from previous MCU films would appear,[128] and clarified that the deal formed with Sony does not specify which characters can and cannot crossover.[129] He noted that the sharing between the studios was done with "good faith" in order "to have more toys to play with as we put together a story",[5] and that "the agreement was that it is very much a Sony Pictures movie... we are the creative producers. We are the ones hiring the actor, introducing him in [Civil War], and then working right now on the script and soon to be shooting".[129] Sony Pictures chairman Thomas Rothman further added that Sony has final greenlight authority, but were deferring creatively to Marvel.[130] At CinemaCon 2016, Sony announced the title of the film to be Spider-Man: Homecoming,[131][132] a reference to the common high school tradition homecoming as well as the character "coming home" to Marvel and the MCU.[132] Tony Revolori and Laura Harrier joined the cast as classmates of Parker's,[133][50] and Downey Jr. was revealed to be in the film as Stark.[40][134] Watts noted that Stark "was always a part of" the films' story because of his interactions with Parker in Civil War.[122]

text: Also in April, Michael Keaton entered talks to play a villain,[135] but dropped out of discussions shortly thereafter due to scheduling conflicts with The Founder.[136][137] He soon reentered talks for the role after a change in schedule for that film,[138][137] and closed the deal in late May.[138] In June, Michael Barbieri was cast as a friend of Parker's,[81][82] Kenneth Choi was cast as Parker's high school principal,[63] and Logan Marshall-Green was cast as another villain alongside Keaton's character,[59][62] while Donald Glover and Martin Starr joined the cast in undisclosed roles.[29][68] Watts said that he wanted the cast to reflect Queens as "one of [the] most diverse places in the world",[114] with Feige adding that "we want everyone to recognize themselves in every portion of our universe. [With this cast] especially, it really feels like this is absolutely what has to happen and continue".[51] This is also different from the previous films, which Feige described as being "set in a lily-white Queens".[139] Additionally, Marvel made a conscious decision to mostly avoid including or referencing characters who appeared in previous Spider-Man films, outside of major ones like Peter and May Parker, and Flash Thompson. This included The Daily Bugle, with co-producer Eric Hauserman Carroll saying, "We toyed with it for a while, but again, we didn’t want to go down that road right away, and if we do do a Daily Bugle, we want to do it in a way that feels contemporary."[106] This also included the character Mary Jane Watson, but Zendaya's Michelle was eventually given the initials "MJ" as a nod to that character. Feige said that the point of this is "to have fun with [references] while at the same time having it be different characters that can provide a different dynamic".[27]

text: Spider-Man's costume in the film has more technical improvements than the previous suits, including the logo on the chest being a remote drone, an AI system similar to Stark's J.A.R.V.I.S., a holographic interface, a parachute, a tracking device for Stark to track Parker, a heater, an airbag, the ability to light up, and the ability to augment reality with the eye pieces. Stark also builds in a "training wheels" protocol, to initially limit Parker's access to all of its features. Carroll noted Marvel went through the comics and "pull[ed] out all the sort of fun and wacky things the suit did" to include in the Homecoming suit.[140] Spider-Man's web shooters have various settings, first teased at the end of Civil War, which Carroll explained allowed him to "adjust the spray" to different settings like the spinning web, web ball, or ricochet web. He compared this to a DSLR camera.[106]

text: Filming

text: Principal photography began on June 20, 2016,[141] at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia,[142] under the working title Summer of George.[143] Salvatore Totino served as director of photography.[144] Filming also took place in Atlanta, with locations including Grady High School,[145] Downtown Atlanta,[146] the Atlanta Marriott Marquis,[147] Piedmont Park, the Georgia World Congress Center,[148] and the West End neighborhood.[149] Holland said building New York sets in Atlanta was cheaper than actually filming in New York, a location closely associated with the character, though the production may "end up [in New York] for one week or two".[150] A replica of the Staten Island Ferry was built in Atlanta, with the ability to open and close in half in 10 to 12 seconds and be flooded with 40,000 gallons of water in 8 seconds.[151] Additional filming also occurred at two magnet schools in the Van Nuys and Reseda neighborhoods of Los Angeles.[152]

text: Casting continued after the start of production, with the inclusion of Isabella Amara, Jorge Lendeborg Jr., J. J. Totah,[73] Hannibal Buress,[65] Selenis Leyva,[70] Abraham Attah,[77] Michael Mando,[62] Tyne Daly,[31] Garcelle Beauvais, Tiffany Espensen,[55] and Angourie Rice in unspecified roles,[79] with Bokeem Woodbine joining as an additional villain.[58] At San Diego Comic-Con International 2016, Marvel confirmed the castings of Keaton, Zendaya, Glover, Harrier, Revolori, Daly, and Woodbine, while revealing Zendaya, Harrier, and Revolori's roles as Michelle, Liz Allan, and Flash Thompson, respectively,[46][23][153][51] and announcing the casting of Jacob Batalon as Ned.[46][47] It was also revealed that the Vulture would be the film's villain, while the writing teams of Watts and Christopher Ford, and Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers, joined Goldstein and Daley in writing the screenplay,[46] from Goldstein and Daley's story. Eric Pearson, a member of Marvel Studios' writing program who had written the Marvel One-Shot films, did uncredited work on the film as well.[154] Watts praised Goldstein and Daley's drafts as "really fun and funny", and said that they "sort of established the broad strokes of the movie", with he and Ford, close friends since childhood, then re-writing the script based on specific ideas that Watts had and things that he wanted to film, which he said was a "pretty substantial structural pass, rearranging things and building it into the sort of story arc we wanted it to be". McKenna and Sommers then joined the film to deal with changes to the script during filming, as "it's all a little bit flexible when you get to set. You try things out, and you just need someone to be writing while you're shooting".[122]

text: Harrier noted that the young actors in the film "constantly refer to ourselves as The Breakfast Club".[23] Shortly after, Martha Kelly joined the cast in an unspecified role.[83] In August, Michael Chernus was cast as Phineas Mason / Tinkerer,[61] while Jona Xiao joined the cast in an unspecified role,[87] and Buress said he was playing a gym teacher.[66] By September 2016, Jon Favreau was reprising his role as Happy Hogan from the Iron Man series,[20] and filming concluded in Atlanta and moved to New York City. Locations in the latter area included Astoria, Queens, St. George, Staten Island, Manhattan,[155][156][157] and Franklin K. Lane High School in Brooklyn.[106] Additionally, UFC fighter Tyron Woodley said he had been considered for a villain role in the film, but had to drop out due to a prior commitment with Fox Sports.[158] Principal photography wrapped on October 2, 2016, in New York City,[159] with some additional filming taking place later in the month in Berlin, Germany, near the Brandenburg Gate.[160]

text: Post-production

text: In November 2016, Feige confirmed that Keaton would play Adrian Toomes / Vulture,[161][16] while Woodbine was revealed as Herman Schultz / Shocker.[162][19] In March 2017, Harrier said the film was undergoing reshoots,[163] and Evans was set to appear as Steve Rogers / Captain America in an instructional fitness video.[45] Watts was inspired by The President's Fitness Challenge for this, feeling that Captain America would be the obvious version of that for the MCU. He then started brainstorming other public service announcements (PSA) starring Captain America, about "just anything you could think of, we had poor Captain America do it". Watts said that many of the additional PSA videos would be featured on the home media of the film.[164] Watts confirmed that the company Stark creates that leads Toomes on his villainous path in the film is Damage Control, which Watts felt "just fit in with our overall philosophy with the kind of story we wanted to tell" and created a lot of practical questions Watts wanted to use "to drive the story".[42]

text: The film features multiple post-credit scenes.[42][165] The first gives the Vulture a chance at redemption, showing him protect Parker from another villain. Watts said this "was a really interesting thing in the development of the story. You couldn’t just rely on the tropes of the villain being a murderer and killing a bunch of people. He had to be redeemable in some capacity in the end and that he believes everything he said, especially about his family". The second post-credits scene is an additional Captain America PSA, where he talks about the value of patience—a joke at the expense of the audience, who have just waited through the film's credits to see the scene.[166] This was a "last-minute addition" to the film.[167] Watts completed work on Homecoming at the beginning of June 2017, approving the final visual effects shots. He stated that he had never been told that he could not do something by Marvel or Sony, saying, "You assume you’ll have to fight for every little weird thing you wanna do, but I didn’t really ever run into that. I got to do kind of everything I wanted to."[122] That month, Starr explained that he was playing the academic decathlon coach at Parker's high school,[69] and Marshall-Green was said to be portraying another Shocker.[168]

text: In July, Feige discussed specific moments in the film, including an homage to The Amazing Spider-Man issue 33 where Parker is trapped underneath rubble, something Feige "wanted to see in a movie for a long, long time".[169] Daley said that they added the scene to the script because of how much Feige wanted it, and explained, "We have [Parker] starting the scene with such self-doubt and helplessness, in a way that you really see the kid. You feel for him. He's screaming for help, because he doesn't think he can do it, and then ... he kind of realizes that that's been his biggest problem."[15] Feige compared the film's final scene, where Parker accidentally reveals that he is Spider-Man to his Aunt May, to the ending of Iron Man when Stark reveals that he is Iron Man to the world, saying, "What does that mean for the next movie? I don't know, but it will force us to do something unique."[170] Goldstein added that it "diminishes what is often the most trivial part of superhero worlds, which is finding your secret. It takes the emphasis off that [and] lets her become part of what's really his life".[15] Feige also talked about the film's revelation that the Vulture is the father of Parker's love interest, feeling that if it did not work, the film would not work. The team "worked backwards and forwards from that moment ... You had to believe that we had set it up so that you would buy it [and it] doesn't seem like something out of left field".[169] Watts said the revelation scene and the following interactions between the Vulture and Parker were, "more than anything else, [what] I was looking forward to, and I got to have a lot of fun shooting that stuff".[166] Goldstein said the scene after the reveal, where Vulture realizes that Parker is Spider-Man while driving him to the school dance, was the moment he was most proud of in the film, and Daley said that scene's effect on audiences was the dramatic equivalent of an audience laughing at a joke they had written. He added that the writers were "giddy when we first came up with [that twist], because it's taking the obvious tension of meeting the father of the girl that you have a crush on, and multiplying it by 1,000, when you also realize he's the guy you've been trying to stop the whole time".[15]

text: Visual effects

text: Visual effects for the film were completed by Sony Pictures Imageworks, Method Studios, Luma Pictures, Digital Domain, Cantina Creative, Iloura, Trixter,[172] and Industrial Light & Magic.[151] Executive producer Victoria Alonso initially did not want Imageworks, which worked on all previous Spider-Man films, to work on Homecoming, in order to give it a different look than those earlier films. She changed her mind after seeing what she called "phenomenal" test material from the vendor.[173]

text: Trixter contributed over 300 shots for the film, including: the opening scene at Grand Central Terminal; the sequence that retells the events of Civil War from Parker's perspective; the sequence where Toomes takes Liz and Parker to the dance; the school battle between Parker and Schultz; and the scene around and within the Avengers compound. They also worked on both Spider-Man suits and the spider tracer. Trixter created additional salvage workers to populate the Grand Central scene, whose clothes and proportions were able to be altered to create variation. For the battle between Parker and Schultz, Trixter used an all-digital Spider-Man in his homemade suit, which came from Imageworks, with Trixter applying a rigging, muscle and cloth system to it "to mimic the appearance of the rather lose training suit". They also created the effects for Schultz's gauntlets and had to change the setting from the Atlanta set to Queens, by using a CGI school and adding 360 degrees of matte paintings for the mid to far distance elements. Trixter received concept art and basic geometry that was used previously for the Avengers compound, but ended up remodeling it for the way it appears in Homecoming. Models and textures for Spider-Man's Avengers costume were created by Framestore for use in a future MCU film, with Trixter creating the vault that it appears in. Trixter VFX supervisor Dominik Zimmerle said the idea was "to have a clean, high tech, presentation Vault for the new suit. It should appear distinctively 'Stark' originated".[171]

text: Digital Domain worked on the Staten Island Ferry battle, creating the CGI versions of Spider-Man, the Vulture suit, Iron Man, and Spider-Man's drone. Digital Domain was able to LIDAR an actual Staten Island Ferry, as well as the version created on set, to help with creating their digital version.[151] Lou Pecora, visual effects supervisor at Digital Domain, called that sequence "brutal" because "the way they were shot, it was lit to be a certain time of day, and afterwards it was decided to change that time of day".[174] Sony Pictures Imageworks created much of the third act of the film, when Parker confronts Toomes on the plane and beach in his homemade suit, and Toomes is in an upgraded Vulture suit. Some elements from Vulture's first suit were shared with Imageworks, but the remainder was created by them based off a maquete. For the plane's cloaking ability, Imageworks was inspired by the real world Adaptiv IR Camouflage tank cloaking system from BAE Systems, which uses a series of tiles to cloak against infrared. For their web design, which was based on the one created for Civil War, Digital Domain referenced polar bear hair because of its translucent nature. Imageworks also looked to the Civil War webs, as well as to those they had created for previous Spider-Man films, in which the webs had tiny barbs that aided in hooking on to things. For this film, they dialed back the barbs to line up more closely with the other web designs created for this film.[151] Method Studios worked on the Washington Monument sequence.[173]

text: Music

text: While promoting Doctor Strange in early November 2016, Feige accidentally revealed that Michael Giacchino, who composed the music for that film, would compose the score for Homecoming as well. Giacchino soon confirmed this himself.[175] Recording for the soundtrack began on April 11, 2017.[176] The score includes the theme from the 1960s animated series.[177] The soundtrack was released by Sony Masterworks on July 7, 2017.[178]

text: Release

text: Spider-Man: Homecoming held its world premiere at the TCL Chinese Theater in Hollywood on June 28, 2017,[179] and was released in the United Kingdom on July 5.[180] It opened in additional international markets on July 6,[181] with 23,400 screens (277 of which were IMAX) in 56 markets for its opening weekend.[182] The film was released in the United States on July 7,[124] in 4,348 theaters (392 were IMAX and IMAX 3D, and 601 were premium large-format),[183][8][125] including 3D screenings.[8] It was originally slated for release on July 28.[124]

text: Marketing

text: Watts, Holland, Batalon, Harrier, Revolori, and Zendaya appeared at the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con to show an exclusive clip of the film,[46][184] which also had a panel at Comic Con Experience 2016.[185] The first trailer for Homecoming premiered on Jimmy Kimmel Live! on December 8, 2016,[186] and was released online alongside an international version, which Feige thought was different enough that "it would be fun for people to see both."[16] The shots of Vulture descending through a hotel atrium and Spider-Man swinging with Iron Man flying beside him were created specifically for the trailer. Watts explained that the Vulture shot was created for Comic-Con and "was never meant to be in the movie", but he was able to repurpose the angle for Vulture's reveal in the film. The Spider-Man and Iron Man shot was created because the marketing team wanted a shot of the two together, and existing shots "just didn't look that great" then. The trailer shot used a background plate taken when filming the subway in Queens.[107] The two trailers were viewed over 266 million times globally within a week.[95]

text: On March 28, 2017, a second trailer debuted after screening at CinemaCon 2017 the night before.[187] Shawn Robbins, chief analyst at BoxOffice.com, noted that the new Justice League trailer had received more Twitter mentions in that week but there was "clearer enthusiasm for Spider-Man". The Homecoming trailer was second for the week of March 20–26 in new conversations (85,859) behind Justice League (201,267), according comScore's PreAct service, which is "a tracking service utilizing social data to create context of the ever-evolving role of digital communication on feature films".[188] An exclusive clip from the film was seen during the 2017 MTV Movie & TV Awards.[189] On May 24, Sony and Marvel released a third domestic and international trailer.[190] Ethan Anderton of /Film enjoyed both trailers, stating Homecoming "has the potential to be the best Spider-Man movie yet. Having the webslinger as part of the Marvel Cinematic Universe just feels right".[191] TechCrunch's Darrell Etherington agreed, saying, "You may have feelings about a tech-heavy Spider-Man suit or other aspects of this interpretation of the character, but it’s still shaping up to be better than any Spider-Man depicted in movies in recent memory."[192] Ana Dumaraog for ScreenRant said the second trailer "arguably showed too much of the movie’s overarching narrative", but the third "perfectly shows the right amount of new and old footage". She also appreciated the attention to detail that Watts and the writers put into the film, as highlighted by the trailers.[193] Siddhant Adlakha of Birth.Movies.Death also felt the trailers were giving away too many details,[194] but enjoyed them overall, especially the "vlogging" aspect.[195] Collider's Dave Trombore expressed similar sentiments to Adlakha.[196] After the trailers' release, comScore and its PreAct service noted Homecoming was the top film for new social media conversations, that week and the week of May 29.[197][198]

text: Alongside the release of the third trailers were domestic and international release posters.[190] The domestic poster was criticized for its "floating head" style,[199][194] which offers "a chaotic mess of people looking in different directions, with little sense of what the film will deliver".[199] Dan Auty for GameSpot called it a "star studded hot mess",[199] while Vanity Fair's Katey Rich felt the poster was "too bogged down by the many different threads of the Marvel universe to highlight anything that's made Spider-Man: Homecoming seem special so far".[200] Adlakha felt the posters released for the film "have been alright thus far, but these ones probably tell general audiences to expect a very bloated movie". Adlakha was more positive of the international poster, which he felt was more "comicbook-y" and "looks like it could be an actual scene from the film".[194] Both Rich and Adlakha criticized the fact that Holland, Keaton, and Downey appeared twice on the domestic poster, both in and out of costume.[200][194] Sony partnered with ESPN CreativeWorks to create cross-promotional television ads for Homecoming and the 2017 NBA Finals, which were filmed by Watts. The ads were made to "weave in a highlight from the game just moments" after it occurred.[201] The promos see Holland, Downey Jr., and Favreau reprise their roles from the film, with cameo appearances from Stan Lee, DJ Khaled, Tim Duncan, Magic Johnson, and Cari Champion.[95] Through June and July 2017, a Homecoming-inspired cafe opened in the Roppongi Hills complex in Tokyo, offering "arachnid-themed foods and drinks, including a Spider Curry, Spider Sense Latte and a sweet and refreshing Strawberry Spider Squash drink", as well as a free, limited-edition sticker with any purchase.[202]

text: For the week ending on June 11, comScore and its PreAct service noted that new social media conversations for the film were second only to Black Panther and its new trailer;[203] Homecoming was then the number one film in the next two weeks.[204][205] That month, Sony released a mobile app allowing users to "access" Parker's phone and "view his photos, videos, text messages, and hear voicemails from his friends". The app also provided an "AR Suit Explorer" to learn more about the technology in the Spider-Man suit, and use photo filters, GIFs and stickers of the character.[206] Sony and Dave & Buster's also announced an arcade game based on the film, playable exclusively at Dave & Buster's locations.[207] A tie-in comic, Spider-Man: Homecoming Prelude, was released on June 20, collecting two prelude issues.[208] On June 28, in partnership with Thinkmodo, a promotional prank was released in which Spider-Man (stuntman Chris Silcox) dropped from the ceiling in a coffee shop to scare customers; the video also featured a cameo appearance from Lee.[209] Sony also partnered with the mobile app Holo to let users add 3D holograms of Spider-Man, with Holland's voice and lines from the film, to real-world photos and videos.[210] Before the end of June, Spider-Man: Homecoming—Virtual Reality Experience was released on the PlayStation VR, Oculus Rift, and HTC Vive for free, produced by Sony Pictures VR and developed by CreateVR. It allows users to experience how it feels to be Spider-Man, with the ability to hit targets with his web shooters and face off against the Vulture. It was also available at select Cinemark Theatres in the United States and at the CineEurope trade show in Barcelona.[211]

text: Ahead of the film's release, for the week ending on July 2, the film was the top film for the third consecutive week for new social media conversations, according to comScore, which also noted that Spider-Man: Homecoming had produced a total of 2.67 million conversations to date.[212] Other promotions included Audi and Dell (both also had product placement in the film), Pizza Hut, General Mills, Synchrony Bank, Movietickets.com, Goodwill, Baskin Robbins, Dunkin' Donuts, Danone Waters, Panasonic Batteries, M&M's, Mondelez, Asus, Bimbo, Jetstar, KEF, Kellogg’s, Lieferheld, Pepsico, Plus, Roady, Snickers, Sony Mobile, Oppo, Optus, and Doritos. Watts directed a commercial for Dell's marketing efforts as well, which earned 2.8 million views online. Goodwill hosted a build-your-own Spider-Man suit contest, with the winner attending the film's premiere. Overall, the campaign generated over $140 million in media value, greater than those for all previous Spider-Man films and Marvel Studios' first 2017 release, Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2. This does not include merchandising for the film, which is controlled by Marvel and Disney.[213] Marketing of the film in China included partnering with Momo, iQiyi, Tencent QQ, Baidu, Mizone, CapitaLand, Xiaomi, HTC Vive and corporate parent Sony.[214][215] To help target the teenage audience, Holland "recorded a high school entrance exam greeting" while The Rap of China contestant PG One recorded a theme song.[214]

text: Home media

text: Spider-Man: Homecoming was released on digital download by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment on September 26, 2017, and on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray, and DVD on October 17, 2017. The digital and Blu-ray releases include behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted scenes, and a blooper reel.[216]

text: The physical releases in its first week of sale were the top home media release, according to NPD VideoScan data. The Blu-ray version accounted for 79% of the sales, with 13% of total sales coming from the Ultra HD Blu-ray version.[217]

text: Reception

text: Box office

text: Spider-Man: Homecoming grossed over $334.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $546 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $880.2 million.[3] The film had the second biggest global IMAX opening for a Sony film with $18 million.[182] In May 2017, a survey from Fandango indicated that Homecoming was the second-most anticipated summer blockbuster behind Wonder Woman.[218] By September 24, 2017, the film had earned $874.4 million worldwide, becoming the highest grossing superhero film of 2017, and the sixth largest film based on a Marvel character.[219]

text: The film earned $50.9 million on its opening day in the United States and Canada (including $15.4 million from Thursday night previews),[95] and had a total weekend gross of $117 million, the top film for the weekend.[220] It was the second-highest opening for both a Spider-Man film and a Sony film, after Spider-Man 3's $151.1 million debut in 2007.[95] Early projections for the film from BoxOffice had it earning $135 million in its opening weekend,[221] which was later adjusted to $125 million,[222] and Deadline.com noting industry projections at anywhere between $90–120 million.[183] In its second weekend, the film fell to second behind War for the Planet of the Apes with $45.2 million, a 61% decline in earnings, which was similar to the declines The Amazing Spider-Man 2 and Spider-Man 3 had in their second weekends. Additionally, Homecoming's domestic gross reached $208.3 million, which surpassed the total domestic gross of The Amazing Spider-Man 2 ($202.9 million).[223] The film fell to third in its third weekend.[224] By July 26, Homecoming's domestic gross reached $262.1 million, surpassing the total domestic gross of The Amazing Spider-Man ($262 million),[225] leading to a fifth place finish for its fourth weekend.[226] The next weekend, Homecoming finished sixth,[227] and finished seventh the following five weekends.[228][229][230][231][232] By September 3, 2017, the film had earned $325.1 million,[231] surpassing the $325 million projected amount for its total domestic gross.[221] In its eleventh weekend, Homecoming finished ninth.[233]

text: Outside of the United States and Canada, Spider-Man: Homecoming earned $140.5 million its opening weekend from the 56 markets it opened in, with the film becoming number one in 50 of them. The $140.5 million was the highest opening ever for a Spider-Man film.[182] South Korea had the highest Wednesday opening day gross,[234] which contributed to a $25.4 million five-day opening in the country, the third highest opening ever for a Hollywood film.[182] Brazil had the largest July opening day of all time, with $2 million,[234] leading to an opening weekend total of $8.9 million. The $7 million earned from IMAX showings was the top opening of all time for a Sony film internationally.[182] In its second weekend, the film opened in France at number one and number two in Germany. It earned an additional $11.9 million in South Korea, to bring its total in the country to $42.2 million. This made Homecoming the highest grossing Spider-Man film and the top grossing Hollywood film of 2017 in the country. Brazil contributed an additional $5.7 million, for a total of $19.4 million from the country, which was also the largest gross from a Spider-Man film.[235] The film's third weekend saw the Latin America region set a record as the highest-grossing Spider-Man film of all-time, with a region total of $77.4 million. Brazil remained the top grossing market for the region, with $25.7 million. In South Korea, the film became the 10th highest-grossing international release of all time.[236] Homecoming opened at number one in Spain in its fourth weekend.[237] In its sixth weekend, the film opened at number one in Japan, with its $770,000 from IMAX the fourth largest IMAX weekend for a Marvel film in the country.[238] The film opened at number one in China on September 8, 2017, grossing $23 million on its opening day, including Thursday previews, making it the third biggest opening day for a Marvel Cinematic Universe film, behind Avengers: Age of Ultron and Captain America: Civil War, and the largest opening day gross for a Sony film in the country.[214] The $70.8 million Homecoming earned in China for its opening weekend was the third highest opening behind Age of Ultron and Civil War, with $6 million from IMAX, which was the best IMAX opening weekend in September, and the best IMAX opening weekend for a Sony film.[215] As of September 24, 2017[update], the film's largest markets were China ($115.7 million),[219] South Korea ($51.4 million), and the United Kingdom ($34.8 million).[239]

text: Critical response

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 92% rating based on 312 reviews, and an average rating of 7.7/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Spider-Man: Homecoming does whatever a second reboot can, delivering a colorful, fun adventure that fits snugly in the sprawling MCU without getting bogged down in franchise-building."[240] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 73 out of 100, based on 51 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[241] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[95]

text: Sara Stewart of the New York Post praised the film as "an endearingly awkward kid brother to the glamorous Wonder Woman", attributing much of the "heavy-lifting" to Holland's performance and the "perfectly cast" Keaton. She also noted Watts' focus on Parker's human side.[242] Mike Ryan at Uproxx felt Homecoming was the best Spider-Man film yet, specifically praising the light tone, younger and more optimistic portrayal of Parker, and Keaton's performance—Ryan named the Vulture twist reveal as one of his favorite scenes in the MCU. He said Homecoming is "the kind of movie you leave and you’re just in the best mood—and still will be days later".[243] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times called the film unique and refreshing, praising its lower stakes and focus on the character's school life. He praised Holland as "terrific and well-cast", as well as the other cast members; Roeper believed that Keaton's performance is more interesting than the character otherwise could have been.[244] Owen Gleiberman of Variety felt the film was "just distinctive enough" from the previous Spider-Man films to become a "sizable hit", and highlighted its focus on making Peter Parker a realistically youthful and grounded character. He found Holland to be likeable in the role, and thought the Vulture twist was a positive direction for that character. He did criticize the vague take on Spider-Man's origin and powers, but "the flying action has a casual flip buoyancy, and the movie does get you rooting for Peter".[1] At IndieWire, David Ehrlich criticized the film's superhero genre clichés and underwritten female characters, but praised the elements of the film that leaned into Parker's high school life and the humanity of the Vulture.[245]

text: Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a mixed review, criticizing the "juvenile" depiction of Parker and Watts' "unevenly orchestrated" direction, but feeling that the film "finds its pace and rhythm by the end" and praising Keaton's performance.[246] The Hollywood Reporter's John DeFore found the film to be "occasionally exciting but often frustrating", and suggested it might have worked better if less focus had been put on integrating the film with the MCU. DeFore did praise Holland's performance as "winning" despite the script, and called Zendaya a scene-stealer.[247] Mick LaSalle, writing for the San Francisco Chronicle, said the film was a "pretty good Spider-Man movie" that "breaks no new ground", not exploring the human side of the character enough and instead focusing on action that is not thrilling.[248] At The Telegraph, Robbie Collin argued that "a little of the new Spider-Man went an exhilaratingly long way in Captain America: Civil War last year. But a lot of him goes almost nowhere in this slack and spiritless solo escapade". Collin criticized Watts' direction, but was positive of the cast, including Holland, Keaton, Tomei, and Zendaya.[249]

text: Accolades

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

2017
Teen Choice Awards
Choice Breakout Movie Star
Tom Holland
Nominated
[250]

Zendaya
Nominated

Choice Summer Movie
Spider-Man: Homecoming
Won

Choice Summer Movie Actor
Tom Holland
Won

Choice Summer Movie Actress
Zendaya
Won

Washington D.C. Film Critics Awards
The Joe Barber Award for Best Portrayal of Washington, D.C.
Spider-Man: Homecoming
Nominated
[251]

tag: table

text: Sequels

text: In June 2016, Rothman stated that Sony and Marvel were committed to making future Spider-Man films.[130] By October 2016, discussions had begun for a second film, according to Holland, figuring out "who the villain is going to be and where we're going" in a potential sequel.[252] In December 2016, after the successful release of the first Homecoming trailer, Sony slated a sequel to the film for July 5, 2019.[253] Feige had stated that if additional films were made, an early idea Marvel had for them was to follow the model of the Harry Potter film series, having the plot of each film cover a new school year;[254] the first sequel is intended to follow Parker's junior year of high school, with a potential third film being set during his senior year.[149] In June 2017, Feige and Pascal were both keen on having Watts return to direct the sequel, which is expected to start filming in April or May 2018.[255] By the next month, Holland was confirmed to return, with Watts entering negotiations to return as director.[256] Tomei has indicated a willingness to play Aunt May in future sequels.[39] By the end of August, Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers were in final negotiations to write the screenplay.[257]

text: Notes

text:
Jump up ^ As depicted in the 2012 film The Avengers[4]
Jump up ^ As depicted in the 2016 film Captain America: Civil War[5][6]

tag: ol