document_title: Nashville, Tennessee

question_text: when did nashville become the capital of tennessee

question_tokens: when did nashville become the capital of tennessee

text: Nashville, Tennessee

text: History[edit]

text: The town of Nashville was founded by James Robertson, John Donelson, and a party of Overmountain Men in 1779, near the original Cumberland settlement of Fort Nashborough. It was named for Francis Nash, the American Revolutionary War hero. Nashville quickly grew because of its strategic location, accessibility as a port on the Cumberland River, a tributary of the Ohio River; and its later status as a major railroad center. By 1800, the city had 345 residents, including 136 African American slaves and 14 free blacks.[11] In 1806, Nashville was incorporated as a city and became the county seat of Davidson County, Tennessee. In 1843, the city was named the permanent capital of the state of Tennessee.

text: By 1860, when the first rumblings of secession began to be heard across the South, antebellum Nashville was a prosperous city. The city's significance as a shipping port made it a desirable prize as a means of controlling important river and railroad transportation routes. In February 1862, Nashville became the first state capital to fall to Union troops. The state was occupied by Union troops for the duration of the war. The Battle of Nashville (December 15–16, 1864) was a significant Union victory and perhaps the most decisive tactical victory gained by either side in the war; it was also the war's final major military action, which afterward became almost entirely a war of attrition consisting largely of guerrilla raids and small skirmishes, with the Confederate forces in the Deep South almost constantly in retreat.

text: Within a few years after the Civil War, the Nashville chapter of the Ku Klux Klan was founded by Confederate veteran John W. Morton.[12]

text: Meanwhile, the city had reclaimed its important shipping and trading position and developed a solid manufacturing base. The post–Civil War years of the late 19th century brought new prosperity to Nashville and Davidson County. These healthy economic times left the city with a legacy of grand classical-style buildings, including the Parthenon in Centennial Park, which can still be seen around the downtown area.[13]

text: 20th century[edit]

text: Circa 1950 the state legislature approved a new city charter that provided for the election of city council members from single-member districts, rather than at-large voting. This change was supported because at-large voting diluted the minority population's political power in the city. They could seldom gain a majority of the population to support a candidate of their choice.[citation needed] Apportionment under the single-member districts meant that some districts had black majorities. In 1951, after passage of the new charter, African-American attorneys Z. Alexander Looby and Robert E. Lillard were elected to the city council.[14]

text: The years after World War II were a time of rapid suburbanization as new housing was built outside the city limits. This resulted in a demand for many new schools and other support facilities, which the county found difficult to provide. At the same time, suburbanization led to a declining tax base in the city, although many suburban residents used unique city amenities and services supported only by city taxpayers. After years of discussion, a referendum was held in 1958 on the issue of consolidating city and county government. It failed to gain approval although it was supported by elected leaders of both jurisdictions: County Judge Beverly Briley of Davidson and Mayor Ben West of Nashville.[15]

text: Following the referendum's failure, Nashville annexed some 42 square miles of suburban jurisdictions to expand its tax base. This increased uncertainty among residents, and created resentment among many suburban communities. Under the second charter for metropolitan government, which was approved in 1962, two levels of service provision were proposed: the General Services District and the Urban Services District, to provide for a differential in tax levels. Residents of the Urban Services District had a full range of city services. The areas that made up the General Services District, however, had a lower tax rate until full services were provided.[15] This helped reconcile aspects of services and taxation among the differing jurisdictions within the large metro region.

text: On April 19, 1960, African-American council member Looby's house was bombed by segregationists.[16] Protesters marched to the city hall the next day, and Mayor Ben West said he supported the de-segregation of lunch counters.[17]

text: In 1963, Nashville consolidated its government with Davidson County, forming a metropolitan government. The membership on the Metro Council, the legislative body, was increased from 21 to 40 seats. Of these, five members are elected at-large and 35 are elected from single-member districts, each to serve a term of four years.[15]

text: On April 8, 1967, a riot occurred on the college campuses of Fisk University and Tennessee State University after Stokely Carmichael spoke at Vanderbilt University.[18] Although it was viewed as a "race riot", it had classist characteristics.[18]

text: In 1979, the Ku Klux Klan burnt crosses outside two African-American locations in Nashville, including the Nashville headquarters of the NAACP.[19]

text: Since the 1970s, the city and county have experienced tremendous growth, particularly during the economic boom of the 1990s under the leadership of then-Mayor and later-Tennessee Governor, Phil Bredesen. He made urban renewal a priority, and fostered the construction or renovation of several city landmarks, including the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, the downtown Nashville Public Library, the Bridgestone Arena, and Nissan Stadium.[citation needed]

text: Nissan Stadium (formerly Adelphia Coliseum and LP Field) was built after the National Football League's (NFL) Houston Oilers agreed to move to the city in 1995. The NFL team debuted in Nashville in 1998 at Vanderbilt Stadium, and Nissan Stadium opened in the summer of 1999. The Oilers changed their name to the Tennessee Titans and finished the season with the Music City Miracle and a close Super Bowl game in which the St. Louis Rams' win was secured in the last play.[citation needed]

text: In 1997, Nashville was awarded a National Hockey League expansion team; this was named the Nashville Predators. Since the 2003–04 season, the Predators have made the playoffs all but three seasons. In 2017, they made the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in franchise history, but ultimately fell to the Pittsburgh Penguins, 4 games to 2, in the best-of-seven series.[citation needed]

text: 21st century[edit]

text: The neutrality of this section is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The city bounced back with relative ease from the Great Recession. In March 2012, a Gallup poll ranked Nashville in its top five regions for job growth.[20]

text: In 2013, Nashville was described as "Nowville" and "It City" by GQ, Forbes and The New York Times.[21][22][23]

text: Nashville elected its first female mayor, Megan Barry, on September 25, 2015.[24] As a council member, Barry had previously performed the first same-sex wedding in Nashville on June 26, 2015.[25]

text: In 2017, Nashville's economy was deemed the third fastest growing in the nation,[26] and also was named the "hottest housing market in the US" by Freddie Mac realtors.[27]

text: Geography[edit]

text: Topography[edit]

text: Nashville lies on the Cumberland River in the northwestern portion of the Nashville Basin. Nashville's elevation ranges from its lowest point, 385 feet (117 m) above sea level at the Cumberland River,[28] to its highest point, 1,163 feet (354 m) above sea level in the Radnor Lake State Natural Area.[29][30]

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 527.9 square miles (1,367 km2), of which 504.0 square miles (1,305 km2) of it is land and 23.9 square miles (62 km2) of it (4.53%) is water.

text: Climate[edit]

text: Nashville has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa),[31] with hot, humid summers and generally cool to mild winters typical of the Upper South.[32][33][34] Monthly averages range from 37.7 °F (3.2 °C) in January to 79.4 °F (26.3 °C) in July, with a diurnal temperature variation of 18.2 to 23.0 °F (10.1 to 12.8 °C).

text: Snowfall occurs during the winter months, but it is usually not heavy. Average annual snowfall is about 6.3 inches (16 cm), falling mostly in January and February and occasionally in March and December.[35] The largest snow event since 2000 was on January 22, 2016, when Nashville received 8 inches (20 cm) of snow in a single storm; the largest overall was 17 inches (43 cm), received on March 17, 1892, during the St. Patrick's Day Snowstorm.[36]

text: Rainfall is typically greater in November and December, and spring, while August to October are the driest months on average. Spring and fall are prone to severe thunderstorms, which occasionally bring tornadoes—with recent major events on April 16, 1998; April 7, 2006; February 5, 2008; April 10, 2009; and May 1–2, 2010. Relative humidity in Nashville averages 83% in the mornings and 60% in the afternoons,[37] which is considered moderate for the Southeastern United States.[38] In recent decades, due to urban development, Nashville has developed an urban heat island (UHI); especially on cool, clear nights, temperatures are up to 10 °F (5.6 °C) warmer in the heart of the city than in rural outlying areas. The Nashville region lies within USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 7a.[39]

text: Nashville's long springs and autumns combined with a diverse array of trees and grasses can often make it uncomfortable for allergy sufferers.[40] In 2008, Nashville was ranked as the 18th-worst spring allergy city in the U.S. by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America.[41]

text: The coldest temperature ever recorded in Nashville was −17 °F (−27 °C) on January 21, 1985, and the highest was 109 °F (43 °C) on June 29, 2012.[42]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Nashville (Nashville Int'l), 1981–2010 normals,[b] extremes 1871−present[c]

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
78
(26)
84
(29)
89
(32)
91
(33)
96
(36)
109
(43)
107
(42)
106
(41)
105
(41)
94
(34)
88
(31)
79
(26)
109
(43)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
68.0
(20)
73.0
(22.8)
80.2
(26.8)
85.1
(29.5)
88.7
(31.5)
94.2
(34.6)
97.1
(36.2)
96.5
(35.8)
93.0
(33.9)
85.5
(29.7)
77.7
(25.4)
68.5
(20.3)
98.3
(36.8)

Average high °F (°C)
46.9
(8.3)
51.8
(11)
61.0
(16.1)
70.5
(21.4)
78.2
(25.7)
86.0
(30)
89.3
(31.8)
89.0
(31.7)
82.4
(28)
71.7
(22.1)
60.3
(15.7)
49.5
(9.7)
69.7
(20.9)

Average low °F (°C)
28.4
(−2)
31.6
(−0.2)
39.0
(3.9)
47.5
(8.6)
56.8
(13.8)
65.4
(18.6)
69.5
(20.8)
68.4
(20.2)
60.7
(15.9)
48.9
(9.4)
39.4
(4.1)
31.3
(−0.4)
48.9
(9.4)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
8.8
(−12.9)
13.5
(−10.3)
22.5
(−5.3)
31.2
(−0.4)
42.7
(5.9)
54.3
(12.4)
61.6
(16.4)
59.4
(15.2)
45.4
(7.4)
32.7
(0.4)
23.8
(−4.6)
13.8
(−10.1)
4.7
(−15.2)

Record low °F (°C)
−17
(−27)
−13
(−25)
2
(−17)
23
(−5)
34
(1)
42
(6)
51
(11)
47
(8)
36
(2)
26
(−3)
−1
(−18)
−10
(−23)
−17
(−27)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
3.75
(95.3)
3.94
(100.1)
4.11
(104.4)
4.00
(101.6)
5.50
(139.7)
4.14
(105.2)
3.64
(92.5)
3.17
(80.5)
3.41
(86.6)
3.04
(77.2)
4.31
(109.5)
4.24
(107.7)
47.25
(1,200.1)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
2.6
(6.6)
2.3
(5.8)
0.9
(2.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
trace
0
(0)
0.5
(1.3)
6.3
(16)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
10.3
10.3
10.7
10.8
11.7
10.0
10.2
8.4
7.5
8.0
9.8
11.2
118.9

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
2.1
2.3
0.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.1
0
1.0
6.2

Average relative humidity (%)
70.4
68.5
64.6
63.2
69.5
70.4
72.8
73.1
73.7
69.4
70.2
71.4
69.8

Mean monthly sunshine hours
139.6
145.2
191.3
231.5
261.8
277.7
279.0
262.1
226.4
216.8
148.1
130.6
2,510.1

Percent possible sunshine
45
48
52
59
60
64
63
63
61
62
48
43
56

Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961−1990),[35][43][44] Weather.com[45]

text: Cityscape[edit]

text: Nashville's downtown area features a diverse assortment of entertainment, dining, cultural and architectural attractions. The Broadway and 2nd Avenue areas feature entertainment venues, night clubs and an assortment of restaurants. North of Broadway lie Nashville's central business district, Legislative Plaza, Capitol Hill and the Tennessee Bicentennial Mall. Cultural and architectural attractions can be found throughout the city.

text: Three major interstate highways (I-40, I-65 and I-24) converge near the core area of downtown, and many regional cities are within a day's driving distance.

text: Nashville's first skyscraper, the Life & Casualty Tower, was completed in 1957 and launched the construction of other high rises in downtown Nashville. After the construction of the AT&T Building (commonly referred to by locals as the "Batman Building") in 1994, the downtown area saw little construction until the mid-2000s. The Pinnacle, a high rise office building, opened in 2010, the first Nashville skyscraper completed in more than 15 years.[46] Ten more skyscrapers have since been constructed or are under construction.

text: Many civic and infrastructure projects are being planned, in progress, or recently completed. A new MTA bus hub was recently completed in downtown Nashville, as was the Music City Star pilot project. Several public parks have been constructed, such as the Public Square. Riverfront Park is scheduled to be extensively updated. The Music City Center opened in May 2013. It is a 1,200,000 square foot (110,000 m2) convention center with 370,000 square feet (34,000 m2) of exhibit space.

text: Neighborhoods[edit]

text:
Antioch
Bellevue
Cane Ridge
Donelson
East Nashville
Germantown
Green Hills
The Gulch
Hermitage
Hillsboro Village
Inglewood
Joelton
Lakewood
Lockeland Springs
Madison
Old Hickory
Pasquo
Tusculum
Whites Creek
West Nashville

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Historical population

Census
Pop.

%±

1810
1,100

—

1820
3,410

210.0%

1830
5,566

63.2%

1840
6,929

24.5%

1850
10,165

46.7%

1860
16,988

67.1%

1870
25,865

52.3%

1880
43,350

67.6%

1890
76,168

75.7%

1900
80,865

6.2%

1910
110,364

36.5%

1920
118,342

7.2%

1930
153,866

30.0%

1940
167,402

8.8%

1950
174,307

4.1%

1960
170,874

−2.0%

1970
448,003

162.2%

1980
477,811

6.7%

1990
510,784

6.9%

2000
569,891

11.6%

2010
626,681

10.0%

Est. 2015
654,610
[3]
4.5%

Sources:[3][47][48][49]
Notes:[50]

text: The data below is for all of Metropolitan Nashville-Davidson County, including other incorporated cities within the consolidated city-county (such as Belle Meade and Berry Hill). See Nashville-Davidson (balance) for demographic data on Nashville-Davidson County excluding separately incorporated cities.

text: According to the 2009 American Community Survey, there were 628,434 people residing in the city. The population density was 1,204.2 inhabitants per square mile (464.9/km2). There were 282,452 housing units at an average density of 560.4 per square mile (216.4/km2).[51]

text:
[hide]Racial composition
2010[52]
1990[53]
1970[53]

White
61.4%
73.8%
80.1%

—Non-Hispanic
57.4%
73.2%
79.5%[54]

Black or African American
27.7%
24.3%
19.6%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race)
9.8%
0.9%
0.6%[54]

Asian
3.0%
1.4%
0.1%

text: At the 2010 census, the racial makeup of the city was 61.4% White (57.4% non-Hispanic white), 27.7% African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaska Native, 3.0% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 2.5% from two or more races. 9.8% of the total population was of Hispanic or Latino origin (they may be of any race).[52] The non-Hispanic White population was 79.5% in 1970.[53]

text: There were 254,651 households and 141,469 families (55.6% of households). Of households with families, 37.2% had married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present. 27.9% of all households had children under the age of 18, and 18.8% had at least one member 65 years of age or older. Of the 44.4% of households that are non-families, 36.2% were individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 3.16.[55]

text: The age distribution was 22% under 18, 10% from 18 to 24, 33% from 25 to 44, 24% from 45 to 64, and 11% who were 65 or older. The median age was 34.2 years. For every 100 females there were 94.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.7 males.[56]

text: The median income for a household in the city was $46,141, and the median income for a family was $56,377. Males with a year-round, full-time job had a median income of $41,017 versus $36,292 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,372. About 13.9% of families and 18.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.5% of those under age 18 and 9.9% of those age 65 or over.[57] Of residents 25 or older, 33.4% have a bachelor's degree or higher.[3]

text: Because of its relatively low cost of living and large job market, Nashville has become a popular city for immigrants.[58] Nashville's foreign-born population more than tripled in size between 1990 and 2000, increasing from 12,662 to 39,596. The city's largest immigrant groups include Mexicans, Kurds,[59] Vietnamese, Laotians, Arabs, and Somalis. There are also smaller communities of Pashtuns from Afghanistan and Pakistan concentrated primarily in Antioch.[60] Nashville has the largest Kurdish community in the United States, numbering approximately 11,000.[61] In 2009, about 60,000 Bhutanese refugees were being admitted to the U.S., and some were expected to resettle in Nashville.[62] During the Iraqi election of 2005, Nashville was one of the few international locations where Iraqi expatriates could vote.[63] The American Jewish community in Nashville dates back over 150 years, and numbered about 8,000 in 2015, plus 2,000 Jewish college students.[64]

text: Metropolitan area[edit]

text: As of 2015[update], Nashville has the largest metropolitan area in the state of Tennessee, spanning 13 counties and an estimated population of 1,830,345.[4] The Nashville metropolitan statistical area encompasses 13 of 41 Middle Tennessee counties: Cannon, Cheatham, Davidson, Dickson, Hickman, Macon, Robertson, Rutherford, Smith, Sumner, Trousdale, Williamson, and Wilson.[65] The 2015 population of the Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Columbia combined statistical area was estimated at 1,951,644.[10]

text: Economy[edit]

text: As the "home of country music", Nashville has become a major music recording and production center. The Big Four record labels, as well as numerous independent labels, have offices in Nashville, mostly in the Music Row area.[66] Nashville has been the headquarters of guitar company Gibson since 1984. Since the 1960s, Nashville has been the second-largest music production center (after New York) in the United States.[67] As of 2006, Nashville's music industry is estimated to have a total economic impact of $6.4 billion per year and to contribute 19,000 jobs to the Nashville area.[68]

text: In recent times Nashville has been described as a "southern boomtown" by numerous publications,[69][70] with it having the third fastest growing economy in the United States as of 2017.[71] It has been stated by the US Census bureau that Nashville "adds an average of 100 people a day to its net population increase".[72] The Nashville region was also stated to be the "Number One" Metro Area for Professional and Business Service Jobs in America,[73] as well as having the "hottest Housing market in America" as stated by Zillow.[74]

text: Although Nashville is renowned as a music recording center and tourist destination, its largest industry is health care. Nashville is home to more than 300 health care companies, including Hospital Corporation of America (HCA), the world's largest private operator of hospitals.[75][76] As of 2012[update], it is estimated the health care industry contributes US$30 billion per year and 200,000 jobs to the Nashville-area economy.[77]

text: CoreCivic, formerly known as Corrections Corporation of America and one of the largest private corrections company in the United States, was founded in Nashville in 1983.[78][79] Vanderbilt University was one of its investors prior to the company's initial public offering.[80] The City of Nashville's pension fund includes "a $921,000 stake" in the company as of 2017.[8] The Nashville Scene notes that, "A drop in CoreCivic stock value, however minor, would have a direct impact on the pension fund that represents nearly 25,000 current and former Metro employees."[8]

text: The automotive industry is also becoming increasingly important for the Middle Tennessee region. Nissan North America moved its corporate headquarters in 2006 from Gardena, California (Los Angeles County) to Franklin, southwest of Nashville. Nissan also has its largest North American manufacturing plant in Smyrna, Tennessee. Largely as a result of the increased development of Nissan and other Japanese economic interests in the region, Japan moved its former New Orleans consulate-general to Nashville's Palmer Plaza.

text: Bridgestone has a strong presence with their North American headquarters located in Nashville, with manufacturing plants and a distribution center in nearby counties.

text: Other major industries in Nashville include insurance, finance, and publishing (especially religious publishing). The city hosts headquarters operations for several Protestant denominations, including the United Methodist Church, Southern Baptist Convention, National Baptist Convention USA, and the National Association of Free Will Baptists.

text: Nashville is also known for some of their famously popular Southern confections, including Goo Goo Clusters (which have been made in Nashville since 1912).[81]

text: Fortune 500 companies with offices within Nashville include Bridgestone, Community Health Systems, Dell,[82] Dollar General, Hospital Corporation of America, Nissan North America, Philips,[83] Tractor Supply Company, and UBS. Of these, Community Health Systems, Dollar General, Hospital Corporation of America, and Tractor Supply Company are headquartered in the city.

text: In 2013, the city ranked No. 5 on Forbes' list of the Best Places for Business and Careers.[84] In 2015, Forbes put Nashville as the 4th Best City for White Collar Jobs.[85]

text: In 2015, Business Facilities' 11th Annual Rankings report named Nashville the number one city for Economic Growth Potential.[86]

text: Real estate is becoming a major driver for the city's economy. Based on a survey of nearly 1,500 real estate industry professionals conducted by PricewaterhouseCoopers and the Urban Land Institute, Nashville ranked 7th nationally in terms of attractiveness to real estate investors for 2016.[87] As of October 2015[update], according to city figures, there is more than $2 billion in real estate projects underway or projected to start in 2016. Due to high yields available to investors, Nashville has been attracting a lot of capital from out-of-state. A key factor that has been attributed to the increase in investment is the adjustment to the city's zoning code. Developers can easily include a combination of residential, office, retail and entertainment space into their projects. Additionally, the city has invested heavily into public parks. Centennial Park is undergoing extensive renovations. The change in the zoning code and the investment in public space is consistent with the millennial generation's preference for walkable urban neighborhoods.[88]

text: Top employers[edit]

text: According to the city's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:[89]

text:
#
Employer
# of Employees

1
Vanderbilt University and Medical Center
23,021

2
Metropolitan Nashville-Davidson County government and public schools
18,508

3
State of Tennessee
18,200

4
U.S. federal government
12,177

5
Nissan North America
8,500

6
HCA
7,000

7
Saint Thomas Health
6,500

8
Randstad U.S.
3,400

9
Shoney's
3,000

10
Kroger
2,863

text: Culture[edit]

text: Much of the city's cultural life has revolved around its large university community. Particularly significant in this respect were two groups of critics and writers who were associated with Vanderbilt University in the early 20th century: the Fugitives and the Agrarians.

text: Popular destinations include Fort Nashborough and Fort Negley, the former being a reconstruction of the original settlement, the latter being a semi-restored Civil War battle fort; the Tennessee State Museum; and The Parthenon, a full-scale replica of the original Parthenon in Athens. The Tennessee State Capitol is one of the oldest working state capitol buildings in the nation. The Hermitage, the former home of President Andrew Jackson, is one of the oldest presidential homes open to the public.[90]

text: Dining[edit]

text: Some of the more popular types of local cuisine include hot chicken, hot fish, barbecue, and meat and three. Thanks in part to Nashville's foodie culture, the city was ranked as the 13th "snobbiest" city in America according to Travel + Leisure magazine.[91]

text: Entertainment and performing arts[edit]

text: Nashville has a vibrant music and entertainment scene spanning a variety of genres. The Tennessee Performing Arts Center is the major performing arts center of the city. It is the home of the Nashville Repertory Theatre, the Nashville Opera, the Music City Drum and Bugle Corps, and the Nashville Ballet. In September 2006, the Schermerhorn Symphony Center opened as the home of the Nashville Symphony.

text: As the city's name itself is a metonym for the country music industry, many popular tourist attractions involve country music, including the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, Belcourt Theatre, and Ryman Auditorium. The Ryman was home to the Grand Ole Opry until 1974 when the show moved to the Grand Ole Opry House, 9 miles (14 km) east of downtown. The Opry plays there several times a week, except for an annual winter run at the Ryman.

text: A multitude of music clubs and honky-tonk bars can be found in downtown Nashville, particularly the area encompassing Lower Broadway, Second Avenue, and Printer's Alley, which is often referred to as "the District".[92][93]

text: Each June, the CMA Music Festival (formerly known as Fan Fair) brings thousands of country fans to the city. The Tennessee State Fair is also held annually in September.

text: Nashville was once home of television shows such as Hee Haw and Pop! Goes the Country, as well as The Nashville Network and later, RFD-TV. Country Music Television and Great American Country currently operate from Nashville. The city was also home to the Opryland USA theme park, which operated from 1972 to 1997 before being closed by its owners (Gaylord Entertainment Company) and soon after demolished to make room for the Opry Mills mega-shopping mall.

text: The Contemporary Christian music industry is based along Nashville's Music Row, with a great influence in neighboring Williamson County. The Christian record companies include EMI Christian Music Group, Provident Label Group and Word Records.

text: Music Row houses many gospel music and Contemporary Christian music companies centered around 16th and 17th Avenues South.

text: Although Nashville was never known as a jazz town, it did have many great jazz bands, including The Nashville Jazz Machine led by Dave Converse and its current version, the Nashville Jazz Orchestra, led by Jim Williamson, as well as The Establishment, led by Billy Adair. The Francis Craig Orchestra entertained Nashvillians from 1929 to 1945 from the Oak Bar and Grille Room in the Hermitage Hotel. Craig's orchestra was also the first to broadcast over local radio station WSM-AM and enjoyed phenomenal success with a 12-year show on the NBC Radio Network. In the late 1930s, he introduced a newcomer, Dinah Shore, a local graduate of Hume Fogg High School and Vanderbilt University.

text: Radio station WMOT-FM in nearby Murfreesboro, which formerly programmed jazz almost exclusively and still does so on the weekends, aided significantly in the recent revival of the city's jazz scene, as has the non-profit Nashville Jazz Workshop, which holds concerts and classes in a renovated building in the north Nashville neighborhood of Germantown. Fisk University also maintains a jazz station, WFSK.

text: Nashville has an active theatre scene and is home to several professional and community theatre companies. Nashville Children's Theatre, Nashville Repertory Theatre, the Nashville Shakespeare Festival, the Dance Theatre of Tennessee and the Tennessee Women's Theater Project are among the most prominent professional companies. One community theatre, Circle Players, has been in operation for over 60 years.

text: Tourism[edit]

text: Perhaps the biggest factor in drawing visitors to Nashville is its association with country music. Many visitors to Nashville attend live performances of the Grand Ole Opry, the world's longest-running live radio show. The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum is another major attraction relating to the popularity of country music. The Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center, the Opry Mills regional shopping mall and the General Jackson showboat, are all located in what is known as Music Valley.

text: Civil War history is important to the city's tourism industry. Sites pertaining to the Battle of Nashville and the nearby Battle of Franklin and Battle of Stones River can be seen, along with several well-preserved antebellum plantation houses such as Belle Meade Plantation, Carnton plantation in Franklin, and Belmont Mansion.[94]

text: Nashville has several arts centers and museums, including the Frist Center for the Visual Arts, Cheekwood Botanical Garden and Museum of Art, the Tennessee State Museum, the Johnny Cash Museum, Fisk University's Van Vechten and Aaron Douglas Galleries, Vanderbilt University's Fine Art Gallery and Sarratt Gallery, and the full-scale replica of the Parthenon.

text: Major annual events[edit]

text:
Event
Month held and location

Nashville Film Festival
A weeklong festival in April that features hundreds of independent films. It is one of the largest film festivals in the Southern United States.

Nashville Fashion Week
A citywide event typically held in March or April, this is a celebration of Nashville's fashion and retail community featuring local, regional and national design talent in fashion events and shows.[95]

Rock 'n' Roll Nashville Marathon
Marathon, half marathon, and 5k race held in April with runners from around the world. In 2012, participation surpassed 30,000 runners.

Iroquois Steeplechase
Annual steeplechase horse racing event held in May at Percy Warner Park.

CMA Music Festival
A four-day event in June featuring performances by country music stars, autograph signings, artist/fan interaction, and other activities for country music fans.

Nashville Pride
A festival held in June at Public Square Park that fosters awareness of and for the LGBT community and culture in Middle Tennessee. The 2015 festival drew an estimated 15,000-20,000 people, possibly making it the event's largest gathering since the festival began.[96]

Let Freedom Sing!
Held every Fourth of July at Riverfront Park, featuring a street festival and live music, and culminating in one of the largest fireworks shows in the country.[97] An estimated 280,000 people attended the 2014 celebration.[98]

Tomato Art Festival
Held each August in East Nashville, this event celebrates the Tomato as a Unifier.[99]

African Street Festival
Held in September on the campus of Tennessee State University. It is committed to connecting and celebrating the extensions of Africa to America.[100]

Live on the Green Music Festival
A free concert series held in August and September at Public Square Park by local radio station Lightning 100.

Tennessee State Fair
The State Fair held in September at the State Fairgrounds, which lasts nine days and includes rides, exhibits, rodeos, tractor pulls, and numerous other shows and attractions.

Celebrate Nashville Cultural Festival
A free event held the first Saturday in October at Centennial Park, it is Middle Tennessee's largest multicultural festival and includes music and dance performances, ethnic food court, children's area, teen area, and marketplace.[citation needed]

Nashville Oktoberfest
A free event held in the historic Germantown neighborhood since 1980 celebrating the culture and customs of Germany.[101] Oktoberfest is Nashville's oldest annual festival and is one of the largest in the South.[102] In 2015, over 143,000 people attended the three-day event which raised $60,000 for Nashville non-profits.[103]

Southern Festival of Books
A festival held in October, featuring readings, panels, and book signings.[104]

Country Music Association Awards
Award ceremony normally held in November at the Bridgestone Arena and televised to a national audience.

Veterans Day Parade
A parade running down Broadway on 11/11 at 11:11.11 am since 1951. Features include 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Tennessee National Guard, veterans from wars past and present, military plane fly-overs, tanks, motorcycles, first responder vehicles, marching bands and thousands of spectators.[105]

text: Nicknames[edit]

text: Nashville is a colorful, well-known city in several different arenas. As such, it has earned various sobriquets, including:

text:
Music City, U.S.A.: WSM-AM announcer David Cobb first used this name during a 1950 broadcast and it stuck. It is now the official nickname used by the Nashville Convention and Visitors Bureau. Nashville is the home of the Grand Ole Opry, the Country Music Hall of Fame, and many major record labels.[106] This name also dates back to 1874, where after receiving and hearing a performance by the Fisk Jubilee Singers, Queen Victoria of England is reported as saying that "These young people must surely come from a musical city."[107]
Athens of the South: Home to 24 post-secondary educational institutions, Nashville has long been compared to Athens, the ancient city of learning and site of Plato's Academy. Since 1897, a full-scale replica of the Athenian Parthenon has stood in Nashville, and many examples of classical and neoclassical architecture can be found in the city.[108] The term was popularized by Philip Lindsley (1786–1855), President of the University of Nashville, though it is unclear whether he was the first person to use the phrase.
The Protestant Vatican[109] or The Buckle of the Bible Belt:[110] Nashville has over 700 churches,[111] several seminaries, a number of Christian music companies, and is the headquarters for the publishing arms of the Southern Baptist Convention (LifeWay Christian Resources), the United Methodist Church (United Methodist Publishing House) and the National Baptist Convention (Sunday School Publishing Board). It is also the seat of the National Baptist Convention, the National Association of Free Will Baptists, the Gideons International, the Gospel Music Association, and Thomas Nelson, the world's largest producer of Bibles.[112]
Cashville: Nashville native Young Buck released a successful rap album called Straight Outta Cashville that has popularized the nickname among a new generation.[113]
Little Kurdistan: Nashville has the United States' largest population of Kurdish people, estimated to be around 11,000.[61][114]
Nash Vegas or Nashvegas[115]

text: Nashville has additionally earned the moniker "The Hot Chicken Capital",[116] becoming known for the local specialty cuisine hot chicken.[117][118] The Music City Hot Chicken Festival is hosted annually in Nashville and several restaurants make this spicy version of southern fried chicken.[119]

text: Sports[edit]

text: Professional[edit]

text: Nashville has several professional sports teams, of which two, the Nashville Predators of the NHL and the Tennessee Titans of the NFL, play at the highest professional level of their respective sports.

text:
Club
Sport
League
Venue
Founded

Tennessee Titans
American football
NFL
Nissan Stadium
1960/1997

Nashville Predators
Hockey
NHL
Bridgestone Arena
1997

Nashville Sounds
Baseball
PCL
First Tennessee Park
1978

Nashville SC
Soccer
USL
First Tennessee Park
2016

text: Nashville hosts the second oldest continually operating race track in the United States,[120] the Nashville Fairgrounds Speedway. It hosted NASCAR Winston Cup races from 1958 to 1984, and NASCAR Busch Series and NASCAR Truck Series in the 1980s and 1990s, and later the NASCAR Whelen All-American Series and ARCA Racing Series.

text: Nashville hosted a team called the Nashville Rebels which participated in the 1938 American Football League, and two Arena Football League teams named the Nashville Kats: one that ran from 1997 to 2001 until they were sold to Atlanta and renamed as the Georgia Force; and another expansion franchise that competed from 2005 to 2007.

text: The Nashville Invitational was a golf tournament on the PGA Tour from 1944 to 1946. The Sara Lee Classic was part of the LPGA Tour from 1988 to 2002. The Music City Championship at Gaylord Opryland of the Champions Tour was held 1994 to 2003. The Nashville Golf Open is part of the Web.com Tour since 2016. The 1961 Women's Western Open and 1980 U.S. Women's Open Golf Championship were also held at Nashville.

text: College and amateur[edit]

text: Nashville is also home to four Division I athletic programs. Nashville is also home to the NCAA college football Music City Bowl.

text:
Program
Division
Conference

Vanderbilt Commodores
Division I (FBS)
Southeastern Conference

Tennessee State Tigers
Division I (FCS)
Ohio Valley Conference

Belmont Bruins
Division I (non-football)
Ohio Valley Conference

Lipscomb Bisons
Division I (non-football)
Atlantic Sun Conference

text: The Nashville Kangaroos are an Australian Rules Football team that compete in the United States Australian Football League. The Kangaroos play their home games at Elmington Park. The team is the reigning USAFL Central Region Champions.

text: Three Little League Baseball teams from Nashville (one in 1970; one in 2013; and, one in 2014) have qualified for the Little League World Series. A team from neighboring Goodlettsville qualified for the 2012 series, giving the metropolitan area teams in three consecutive years to so qualify.

text: Parks and gardens[edit]

text: Metro Board of Parks and Recreation owns and manages 10,200 acres (4,100 ha) of land and 99 parks and greenways (comprising more than 3% of the total area of the county).

text: Warner Parks, situated on 2,684 acres (1,086 ha) of land, consists of a 5,000-square-foot (460 m2) learning center, 20 miles (32 km) of scenic roads, 12 miles (19 km) of hiking trails, and 10 miles (16 km) of horse trails. It is also the home of the annual Iroquois Steeplechase.

text: The United States Army Corps of Engineers maintains parks on Old Hickory Lake and Percy Priest Lake. These parks are used for activities such as fishing, water skiing, sailing and boating. The Harbor Island Yacht Club makes its headquarters on Old Hickory Lake, and Percy Priest Lake is home to the Vanderbilt Sailing Club and Nashville Shores.

text: Other parks in Nashville include Centennial Park, Shelby Park, Cumberland Park, and Radnor Lake State Natural Area.

text: On August 27, 2013, Nashville mayor Karl Dean revealed plans for two new riverfront parks on the east and west banks of the Cumberland River downtown. Construction on the east bank park began in the fall of 2013, and the projected completion date for the west bank park is 2015. Among many exciting benefits of this Cumberland River re-development project is the construction of a highly anticipated outdoor amphitheater. Located on the west bank, this music venue will be surrounded by a new 12-acre (4.9 ha) park and will replace the previous thermal plant site. It will include room for 6,500 spectators with 2,500 removable seats and additional seating on an overlooking grassy knoll. In addition, the 4.5-acre (1.8 ha) east bank park will include a river landing, providing people access to the river. In regard to the parks' benefits for Nashvillian civilians, Mayor Dean remarked that "if done right, the thermal site can be an iconic park that generations of Nashvillians will be proud of and which they can enjoy".[121]

text: Law and government[edit]

text: The city of Nashville and Davidson County merged in 1963 as a way for Nashville to combat the problems of urban sprawl. The combined entity is officially known as "the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County", and is popularly known as "Metro Nashville" or simply "Metro". It offers services such as police, fire, electricity, water and sewage treatment. When the Metro government was formed in 1963, the government was split into two service districts—the "urban services district" and the "general services district." The urban services district encompasses the 1963 boundaries of the former City of Nashville, approximately 72 square miles (190 km2),[122] and the general services district includes the remainder of Davidson County. There are six smaller municipalities within the consolidated city-county: Belle Meade, Berry Hill, Forest Hills, Oak Hill, Goodlettsville (partially), and Ridgetop (partially). These municipalities use a two-tier system of government, with the smaller municipality typically providing police services and the Metro Nashville government providing most other services. Previously, the city of Lakewood also had a separate charter. However, Lakewood residents voted in 2010 and 2011 to dissolve its city charter and join the metropolitan government, with both votes passing.[123]

text: Nashville is governed by a mayor, vice-mayor, and 40-member Metropolitan Council. It uses the strong-mayor form of the mayor–council system.[124] The current mayor of Nashville is Megan Barry. The Metropolitan Council is the legislative body of government for Nashville and Davidson County. There are five council members who are elected at large and 35 council members that represent individual districts. The Metro Council has regular meetings that are presided over by the vice-mayor, who is currently David Briley. The Metro Council meets on the first and third Tuesday of each month at 6:00 pm, according to the Metropolitan Charter.

text: Nashville is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for Middle Tennessee and the Estes Kefauver Federal Building and United States Courthouse, home of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee.

text: Politics[edit]

text: Nashville has been a Democratic stronghold since at least the end of Reconstruction, and has remained staunchly Democratic even as the state as a whole has trended strongly Republican. Pockets of Republican influence exist in the wealthier portions of the city, but they are usually no match for the overwhelming Democratic trend in the rest of the city. The issue of school busing roiled politics for years but subsided after the 1990s.[125] While local elections are officially nonpartisan, nearly all of the city's elected officials are publicly known as Democrats. The city is split between 10 state house districts, all but one of which are held by Democrats (Republican Speaker of the House Beth Harwell holds the only Republican house seat). Three state senate districts and part of a fourth are within the county; two are held by Democrats and two by Republicans.[126]

text: In the state legislature, Nashville politicians serve as leaders of both the Senate and House Democratic Caucuses. Representative Mike Stewart serves as Chairman of the House Caucus. Senator Jeff Yarbro serves as Chairman of the Senate Caucus.

text: Democrats are no less dominant at the federal level. Democratic presidential candidates have only failed to carry Davidson County five times since reconstruction; in 1928, 1968, 1972, 1984 and 1988.[127] In most years, Democrats have carried Nashville at the presidential level with relatively little difficulty, even in years when they lose Tennessee as a whole. This has been especially true in recent elections. In the 2000 presidential election, Tennessean Democrat Al Gore carried Nashville with over 59% of the vote even as he narrowly lost his home state. In the 2004 election, Democrat John Kerry carried Nashville with 55% of the vote even as George W. Bush won the state by 14 points. In 2008, Barack Obama carried Nashville with 60% of the vote even as Republican John McCain won Tennessee by 15 points.

text: Despite its large size, Nashville has been in a single congressional district for most of the time since Reconstruction; it is currently the 5th District, represented by Democrat Jim Cooper. A Republican has not represented a significant portion of Nashville since 1874. Republicans made a few spirited challenges in the mid-1960s and early 1970s. The Republicans almost won it in 1968; only a strong showing by a candidate from Wallace's American Independent Party kept the seat in Democratic hands. However, they have not made a serious bid for the district since 1972, when the Republican candidate gained only 38% of the vote even as Nixon carried the district in the presidential election by a large margin. The district's best-known congressman was probably Jo Byrns, who represented the district from 1909 to 1936 and was Speaker of the House for much of Franklin Roosevelt's first term as President. Another nationally prominent congressman from Nashville was Percy Priest, who represented the district from 1941 to 1956 and was House Majority Whip from 1949 to 1953. Former mayors Richard Fulton and Bill Boner also sat in the U.S. House before assuming the Metro mayoral office.

text: From 2003 to 2013, a sliver of southwestern Nashville was located in the 7th District, represented by Republican Marsha Blackburn. This area was roughly coextensive with the portion of Nashville she'd represented in the state senate from 1998 to 2002. However, the 5th regained all of Nashville after the 2010 census.

text: Education[edit]

text: Public schools[edit]

text: The city is served by Metropolitan Nashville Public Schools.

text: Private schools[edit]

text:
Christ Presbyterian Academy
Davidson Academy
Donelson Christian Academy
Ensworth School
Father Ryan High School
Franklin Road Academy
Goodpasture Christian School
Harding Academy
Harpeth Hall School
Lipscomb Academy
Madison Academy
Montgomery Bell Academy
Nashville Christian School
Pope John Paul II High School
St. Cecilia Academy
St. Paul Christian Academy
University School of Nashville

text: Colleges and universities[edit]

text: Nashville is often labeled the "Athens of the South" due to the many colleges and universities in the city and the metropolitan area.[108] The colleges and universities in Nashville include:

text:
Name
Affiliation
Enrollment

American Baptist College

Aquinas College
Roman Catholic

Belmont University

6,647

Daymar College

Fisk University
United Church of Christ (HBCU)
800

John A. Gupton College

Lipscomb University
Churches of Christ
4,278

Meharry Medical College
United Methodist Church (HBCU)
700

Nashville School of Law

Nashville Auto Diesel College (a NAFTC Training Center)

Nashville State Community College

9,853

Tennessee State University
HBCU
10,389

Trevecca Nazarene University
Nazarene
3,221[128]

Vanderbilt University

12,567

Watkins College of Art, Design & Film

400

Welch College
Free Will Baptists
338

text: Within 30 miles (48 km) of Nashville in Murfreesboro is Middle Tennessee State University (MTSU), a full-sized public university with Tennessee's second largest undergraduate population. Enrollment in post-secondary education in Nashville is around 43,000. Within the Nashville Metropolitan Statistical Area—which includes MTSU, Cumberland University (Lebanon), Volunteer State Community College (Gallatin), Daymar College, and O'More College of Design (Franklin)—total enrollment exceeds 74,000. Within a 40 miles (64 km) radius are Austin Peay State University (Clarksville) and Columbia State Community College (Columbia), enrolling an additional 13,600.

text: Nashville is home to four historically black institutions of higher education: Fisk University, Tennessee State University, Meharry Medical College, and American Baptist College.[129]

text: Media[edit]

text: The daily newspaper in Nashville is The Tennessean, which until 1998 competed with the Nashville Banner, another daily paper that was housed in the same building under a joint-operating agreement. The Tennessean is the city's most widely circulated newspaper. Online news service NashvillePost.com competes with the printed dailies to break local and state news. Several weekly papers are also published in Nashville, including The Nashville Pride, Nashville Business Journal, Nashville Scene and The Tennessee Tribune. Historically, The Tennessean was associated with a broadly liberal editorial policy, while The Banner carried staunchly conservative views in its editorial pages; The Banner's heritage had been carried on, to an extent, by The City Paper which folded in August 2013 after having been founded in October 2000. The Nashville Scene is the area's alternative weekly broadsheet. The Nashville Pride is aimed towards community development and serves Nashville's entrepreneurial population. Nashville Post is an online news source covering business, politics and sports.

text: Nashville is home to eleven broadcast television stations, although most households are served by direct cable network connections. Comcast Cable has a monopoly on terrestrial cable service in Davidson County (but not throughout the entire media market). Nashville is ranked as the 29th largest television market in the United States.[130] Major stations include WKRN-TV 2 (ABC), WSMV-TV 4 (NBC), WTVF 5 (CBS), WNPT 8 (PBS), WZTV 17 (Fox), WNPX-TV 28 (ion), WPGD-TV 50 (TBN), WLLC-LP 42 (Univision), WUXP-TV 30 (MyNetworkTV), and WNAB 58 (CW).[131]

text: Nashville is also home to cable networks Country Music Television (CMT), among others. CMT's master control facilities are located in New York City with the other Viacom properties. The Top 20 Countdown and CMT Insider are taped in their Nashville studios. Shop at Home Network was once based in Nashville, but the channel signed off in 2008.

text: Several dozen FM and AM radio stations broadcast in the Nashville area, including five college stations and one LPFM community radio station. Nashville is ranked as the 44th largest radio market in the United States. WSM-FM is owned by Cumulus Media and is 95.5 FM. WSM-AM, owned by Gaylord Entertainment Company, can be heard nationally on 650 AM or online at WSM Online from its studios located inside the Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center. WSM is famous for carrying live broadcasts of the Grand Ole Opry, through which it helped spread the popularity of country music in America, and continues to broadcast country music throughout its broadcast day. WLAC, whose over-the-air signal is heard at 1510 AM, is a iHeartMedia-owned talk station which was originally sponsored by the Life and Casualty Insurance Company of Tennessee, and its competitor WWTN is owned by Cumulus.

text: Several major motion pictures have been filmed in Nashville, including The Green Mile, The Last Castle, Gummo, The Thing Called Love, Two Weeks, Coal Miner's Daughter, Nashville,[132] and Country Strong, as well as the ABC television series Nashville.

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Road[edit]

text: Nashville is centrally located at the crossroads of three Interstate Highways: I-40, I-24, and I-65. Interstate 440 is a bypass route connecting I-40, I-65, and I-24 south of downtown Nashville. Briley Parkway connects the north side of the city and its interstates. Interstate 840 provides a southern Bypass for the city, and a Bypass for I-40 for the city and its suburbs. A number of arterial surface roads called "pikes" radiate from the city center; many carry the names of nearby towns to which they lead. Among these are Clarksville Pike, Gallatin Pike, Lebanon Pike, Murfreesboro Pike, Nolensville Pike, and Franklin Pike.

text: Bus[edit]

text: The Metropolitan Transit Authority provides bus transit within the city, out of a newly built hub station downtown. Routes utilize a hub and spoke method. Expansion plans include use of Bus rapid transit for new routes, with the possibility for local rail service at some point in the future.

text: Nashville is considered a gateway city for rail and air traffic for the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion.[133]

text: Air[edit]

text: The city is served by Nashville International Airport (BNA), which was a hub for American Airlines between 1986 and 1995 and is now a focus city for Southwest Airlines. During 2011, Nashville International was the 34th busiest passenger airport in the U.S. with a total of 4,673,047 passenger boardings.[134] Major airlines serving Nashville include American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Frontier Airlines, Southwest Airlines, United Airlines, WestJet, Alaska Airlines,[135] JetBlue Airways,[136] British Airways and AirCanada.[137] AirTran Airways offered limited routing to the airport until it was deemed unprofitable.[citation needed] In late 2014, BNA became the first major US airport to authorize ridesharing services with dedicated pick-up and drop-off areas.[138]

text: Rail[edit]

text: Amtrak[edit]

text: Although a major freight hub for CSX Transportation, Nashville is not currently served by Amtrak, the second-largest metropolitan area in the U.S. to have this distinction.[139] Amtrak's Floridian (Chicago to Miami and St. Petersburg, Florida via Louisville and Nashville) served Nashville until its cancellation on October 9, 1979 due to poor track conditions resulting in late trains and low ridership.

text: While there have been no proposals to restore Amtrak service to Nashville, there have been repeated calls from residents.[140] However, Tennessee state officials have advised it will not be happening anytime soon due to scarce federal funding. "It would be wonderful to say I can be in Memphis and jump on a train to Nashville, but the volume of people who would do that isn't anywhere close to what the cost would be to provide the service", said Ed Cole, chief of environment and planning with the Tennessee Department of Transportation.[140] Ross Capon, executive director of the National Association of Railroad Passengers, said rail trips would catch on if routes were expanded, but conceded that it would be nearly impossible to resume Amtrak service to Nashville without a substantial investment from the state because federal money has dried up.[140]

text: Commuter[edit]

text: Nashville launched a passenger commuter rail system called the Music City Star on September 18, 2006. The only currently operational leg of the system connects the city of Lebanon to downtown Nashville at the Nashville Riverfront station. Legs to Clarksville, Murfreesboro and Gallatin are currently in the feasibility study stage. The system plan includes seven legs connecting Nashville to surrounding suburbs.

text: Bridges within the city include:

text:
Official name
Other names
Length
Date opened

Korean War Veterans Memorial Bridge
Gateway Bridge
1,660 feet (510 m)
May 19, 2004

Kelly Miller Smith Bridge
Jefferson Street Bridge

March 2, 1994

Old Hickory Bridge

1929

Martin Luther King Jr. Bridge
Bordeaux Bridge

September 18, 1980

John Seigenthaler Pedestrian Bridge
Shelby Street Bridge
3,150 feet (960 m)
July 5, 1909

Silliman Evans Bridge

2,362 feet (720 m)
1963

Victory Memorial Bridge

July 2, 1956

William Goodwin Bridge
Hobson Pike Bridge
2,215 feet (675 m)

Woodland Street Bridge

639 feet (195 m)

text: Sister cities[edit]

text: Nashville is an active participant in the sister cities program and has relationships with the following towns and cities:[141]

text:
Belfast, Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
Caen (France)[142]
Edmonton, Alberta (Canada)
Kamakura (Japan)
Magdeburg (Germany)[143]
Mendoza (Argentina)
Taiyuan, Shanxi (China)
Tamworth, New South Wales (Australia)

text: Gwangjin-gu (South Korea)

text: Crouy (France)

text: El Port de la Selva (Spain)


document_title: List of highest-grossing Indian films

question_text: top box office bollywood movies of all time

root

text: List of highest-grossing Indian films

text: Global gross figures

text: The following list shows India's top 15 highest-grossing films, which include films from all the Indian languages. The figures are not adjusted for inflation.

tag: p

text:
*
Denotes films still running in theaters

tag: table

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)/producers
Language
Worldwide gross

1
Dangal
2016
Nitesh Tiwari
Aamir Khan Productions
UTV Motion Pictures
Walt Disney Studios
Hindi
320 ! ₹2,028.89 crore (US$320 million)[n 1]

2
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion
2017
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works

Telugu
Tamil

267 ! ₹1,725 crore (US$267 million)[11]

3
PK
2014
Rajkumar Hirani
Vinod Chopra Films
Rajkumar Hirani Films
Hindi
130 ! ₹792 crore[12][13] (US$130 million)

4
Baahubali: The Beginning
2015
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
Telugu
Tamil
100 ! ₹650 crore (US$100 million)[14]

5
Bajrangi Bhaijaan
2015
Kabir Khan
Salman Khan Films
Kabir Khan Films
Hindi
098 ! ₹629 crore (US$98 million)[15]

6
Dhoom 3
2013
Vijay Krishna Acharya
Yash Raj Films
Hindi
100 ! ₹585 crore[15] (US$100 million)[16]

7
Sultan
2016
Ali Abbas Zafar
Yash Raj Films
Hindi
091 ! ₹584.15 crore (US$91 million)[17]

8
Kabali
2016
Pa. Ranjith
V Creations
Tamil
074 ! ₹477 crore (US$74 million)[18]–₹499 crore (US$78 million)[19]
[note 1]

9
Prem Ratan Dhan Payo
2015
Sooraj R. Barjatya
Fox Star Studios
Rajshri Productions
Hindi
067 ! ₹432 crore (US$67 million)[25]

10
Chennai Express
2013
Rohit Shetty
Red Chillies
Hindi
072 ! ₹423 crore[26] (US$72 million)[16]

11
3 Idiots
2009
Rajkumar Hirani
Vinod Chopra Films
Hindi
082 ! ₹395 crore[27] (US$82 million)[28]

12
Dilwale
2015
Rohit Shetty
Red Chillies
Rohit Shetty Productions
Hindi
072 ! ₹394 crore (US$61 million)[26]

13
Bajirao Mastani
2015
Sanjay Leela Bhansali
SLB Films
Hindi
056 ! ₹356.2 crore (US$56 million)[26]

14
Kick
2014
Sajid Nadiadwala
Nadiadwala Grandson
Hindi
058 ! ₹352 crore[26] (US$58 million)

15
Happy New Year
2014
Farah Khan
Red Chillies
Hindi
057 ! ₹345 crore[26] (US$57 million)

16
Ek Tha Tiger
2012
Kabir Khan
Yash Raj Films
Hindi
060 ! ₹320 crore[29] (US$60 million)[30]

17
Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani
2013
Ayan Mukerji
Dharma Productions
Hindi
051 ! ₹295.61 crore[26] (US$51 million)[16]

18
Golmaal Again
2017
Rohit Shetty
Rohit Shetty Productions
Hindi
046 ! ₹293.54 crore (US$46 million)[31]

19
Krrish 3
2013
Rakesh Roshan
Filmkraft Productions
Hindi
050 ! ₹291.52 crore[26] (US$50 million)[16]

20
Raees
2017
Rahul Dholakia
Red Chillies Entertainment
Hindi
045 ! ₹290 crore (US$45 million)[32]

text: Notes:

text: Jump up ^ Box office gross values of ₹6–6.75 billion were reported for Kabali in the first 13 days by several organisations including Financial Express and Indian Express,[20][21] which were more than double the estimates made by other sources.[22] International Business Times (IBT) and Firstpost criticized these estimates as inflated, explaining the discrepancy as due in part to the addition of "pre-release business" figures, such as music and satellite rights sales of ₹2 billion,[23] being factored into the box office sales totals.[22] Firstpost wrote, "More conservative estimates put Kabali’s collections at around Rs [3 billion] from worldwide ticket sales."[23] IBT's analysts estimated the film's worldwide gross total of its first 13 days at around ₹3.5 billion (US$55 million).[24] Figures released in December 2016 by Financial Express indicated an estimated domestic gross of ₹215 crore and an international gross of ₹262 crore, which total ₹477 crore.[18] A figure of USD$77 million released by Forbes in May 2017 converted to approximately ₹493–499 crore.[19]

tag: ol

text: Highest-grossing films by language

text: Bengali cinema was the center of Indian cinema in the 1930s,[33] and accounted for a quarter of India's film output in the 1950s.[34] Cinema in South India accounted for nearly half of India's cinema halls in the 1940s.[2] In 2009, South India accounted for 75% of film revenues in India.[35] As of 2014, Bollywood (Hindi cinema) represents 43% of Indian net box office revenue, while Tamil and Telugu cinema represent 36%, and the rest of the regional cinema constitutes 21%.[5]

text: Bengali

text: The Bengali language film industry is centered in the Tollygunge neighborhood of the city of Kolkata, West Bengal and has been known by the nickname Tollywood, a portmanteau of the words Tollygunge and Hollywood, since 1932.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Chander Pahar
2013
Kamaleswar Mukherjee
Shree Venkatesh Films
₹20 crore (US$3.1 million)
[36][37]

2
Boss 2: Back to Rule
2017
Baba Yadav
Jeetz Fireworks
Walzen Media Works
Jaaz Multimedia
₹12 crore (US$1.9 million)

3
Champ
2017
Raj Chakraborty
Dev Entertainment Ventures
Geetsangeet Productions
SVF Entertainment
₹10 crore (US$1.6 million)

4
Paglu
2011
Rajiv Kumar Biswas
Surinder Films
₹9.92 crore (US$1.5 million)
[38]

5
Saathi
2002
Haranath Chakraborty
Shree Venkatesh Films
₹9.78 crore (US$1.5 million)
[39]

6
Rangbaaz
2013
Raja Chanda
Surinder Films
₹9 crore (US$1.4 million)
[40]

7
Praktan
2016
Shiboprosad Mukherjee, Nandita Roy
Windows
₹8.5 crore (US$1.3 million)
[41]

8
Awara
2012
Rabi Kinagi
Shree Venkatesh Films
₹8.46 crore (US$1.3 million)
[42]

9
Khoka 420
2013
Rajiv Kumar Biswas
Eskay Movies
₹8 crore (US$1.2 million)
[40]

10
Posto
2017
Shiboprosad Mukherjee, Nandita Roy
Windows
₹8 crore (US$1.2 million)
[43][44][45]

text: Bhojpuri

text: The Bhojpuri cinema produces films in the Bhojpuri language. It caters to an audience from eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar and Nepal.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Sasura Bada Paisawala
2004
Ajay Sinha
Balaji Cinevision Pvt Ltd
₹9 crore (US$1.4 million)
[46]

text: Gujarati

text: The Gujarati cinema produces films in Gujarati language and is primarily focused on the audience in Gujarat and Maharashtra. The film industry is sometimes referred to as Dhollywood or Gollywood.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Chhello Divas
2015
Krishnadev Yagnik
Belvedere Films
₹17 crore (US$2.7 million)
[47]

2
Gujjubhai the Great
2015
Ishaan Randeria
Siddharth Randeria Productions
₹15 crore (US$2.3 million)
[48]

3
Desh Re Joya Dada Pardesh Joya
1998
Govindbhai Patel
GN films
₹10 crore (US$1.6 million)
[49]

4
Bey Yaar
2014
Abhishek Jain
CineMan productions
₹8.5 crore (US$1.3 million)
[50]

5
Karsandas Pay & Use
2017
Krishnadev Yagnik
Belvedere Films
₹4 crore (US$620,000)
[51]

text: Hindi

text: The Hindi language film industry, based in Mumbai, India, is frequently known as Bollywood.[52] Bollywood is the largest film producer in India and one of the largest centres of film production in the world.[53][54][55]

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Dangal
2016
Nitesh Tiwari
Aamir Khan Productions
UTV Motion Pictures
Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures
320 ! ₹2,028.89 crore (US$320 million)
[n 1]

2
PK
2014
Rajkumar Hirani
Vinod Chopra Films
Rajkumar Hirani Films
130 ! ₹792 crore (US$130 million)
[12][13]

3
Bajrangi Bhaijaan
2015
Kabir Khan
Salman Khan Films
Kabir Khan Films
098 ! ₹629 crore (US$98 million)
[15]

4
Dhoom 3
2013
Vijay Krishna Acharya
Yash Raj Films
100 ! ₹585 crore (US$100 million)
[15][16]

5
Sultan
2016
Ali Abbas Zafar
Yash Raj Films
091 ! ₹584.15 crore (US$91 million)
[17]

6
Prem Ratan Dhan Payo
2015
Sooraj Barjatya
Fox Star Studios
Rajshri Productions
067 ! ₹432 crore (US$67 million)
[25][56]

7
Chennai Express
2013
Rohit Shetty
Red Chillies Entertainment
072 ! ₹423 crore (US$72 million)
[57][16]

8
3 Idiots
2009
Rajkumar Hirani
Vinod Chopra Films
082 ! ₹395 crore (US$82 million)
[27][28]

9
Dilwale
2015
Rohit Shetty
Red Chillies Entertainment
Rohit Shetty Productions
061 ! ₹394 crore (US$61 million)
[58]

10
Bajirao Mastani
2015
Sanjay Leela Bhansali
SLB Films
056 ! ₹356.2 crore (US$56 million)
[26]

text: Kannada

text: Bengaluru is the center for the Kannada cinema, films produced in the Kannada language. It is sometimes known by the nickname "Sandalwood".

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Raajakumara
2017
Santhosh Ananddram
Hombale Productions
₹75 crore (US$12 million)
[59]

2
Mungaru Male
2006
Yogaraj Bhat
E. K. Entertainers
₹50 crore (US$7.8 million)
[60][61]

Kirik Party
2016
Rishab Shetty
Paramvah Studios
₹50 crore (US$7.8 million)
[62]

Mr. and Mrs. Ramachari
2014
Santhosh Ananddram
Jayanna Combines
₹50 crore (US$7.8 million)
[63]

5
Doddmane Hudga
2016
Duniya Soori
Ajay Pictures
₹40 crore (US$6.2 million)
[64]

Krantiveera Sangolli Rayanna
2012
Naganna
Sri Sangolli Rayanna Cine Combines
₹40 crore (US$6.2 million)
[65]

Uppi 2
2015
Upendra
Upendra Productions
₹40 crore (US$6.2 million)
[66]

8
Kotigobba 2
2016
K. S. Ravikumar
Rambabu Productions
₹35 crore (US$5.5 million)–₹38 crore (US$5.9 million)
[67]

9
Dandupalya
2012
Srinivas Raju
Apple Blossom Creations
₹35 crore (US$5.5 million)
[68][69]

Shivalinga
2016
P. Vasu
Jayanna Films
₹35 crore (US$5.5 million)
[67]

text: Malayalam

text: Malayalam cinema is a part of Indian cinema based in Kerala dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Malayalam language. It is sometimes known by the nickname "Mollywood" by certain media outlets. These are the top 10 highest grossing Malayalam films.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Pulimurugan
2016
Vysakh
Mulakuppadam Films
₹152 crore (US$24 million)
[70][71]

2
Drishyam
2013
Jeethu Joseph
Aashirvad Cinemas
₹75 crore (US$12 million)
[72][73]

3
Oppam
2016
Priyadarshan
Aashirvad Cinemas
₹65 crore (US$10 million)
[74]

4
Premam
2015
Alphonse Puthren
Anwar Rasheed Entertainments
₹60 crore (US$9.4 million)
[75]

5
Two Countries
2015
Shafi
Rejaputhra Visual Media
₹55 crore (US$8.6 million)
[76]

6
Ennu Ninte Moideen
2015
R. S. Vimal
Newton Movies
₹50 crore (US$7.8 million)
[77]

Ezra
2017
Jay K
AVA Productions, E4 Entertainment
₹50 crore (US$7.8 million)
[78]

The Great Father
2017
Haneef Adeni
August Cinema
₹50 crore (US$7.8 million)
[79]

Munthirivallikal Thalirkkumbol
2017
Jibu Jacob
Weekend Blockbusters
₹50 crore (US$7.8 million)
[80]

7
Bangalore Days
2014
Anjali Menon
Anwar Rasheed Entertainments, Weekend Blockbusters
₹49.5 crore (US$7.7 million)
[81]

text: Marathi

text: The Marathi cinema industry produces films in the Marathi language and is based in the state of Maharashtra, India. India's first full-length film, Raja Harishchandra, was released in 1913 in Marathi.[82] It is sometimes known by the nickname "M-town" by media.

text:
#+
Implies that the film is a bilingual and the gross collection figure includes the worldwide collection of the other simultaneously filmed version.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Sairat
2016
Nagraj Manjule
Essel Vision Productions, Aatpat Production
₹110 crore (US$17 million)
[83][84]

2
Sachin: A Billion Dreams
2017
James Erskine
200 NotOut Productions
₹76.86 crore (US$12 million) #+
[85]

3
Natsamrat
2016
Mahesh Manjrekar
Fincraft Media & Entertainment & Great Maratha Entertainment
₹50 crore (US$7.8 million)
[86][87]

4
Katyar Kaljat Ghusali
2015
Subodh Bhave
Essel Vision Productions
₹40 crore (US$6.2 million)
[88]

Timepass 2
2015
Ravi Jadhav
Essel Vision Productions
₹40 crore (US$6.2 million)
[89]

Lai Bhaari
2014
Nishikant Kamath
Mumbai Film Company
₹40 crore (US$6.2 million)
[90]

7
Timepass
2014
Ravi Jadhav
Zee Talkies
₹33 crore (US$5.1 million)
[91]

8
Duniyadari
2013
Sanjay Jadhav
Dreaming 24/7 Productions
₹32 crore (US$5.0 million)
[92]

9
Me Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy
2009
Santosh Manjrekar
Everest Entertainment
₹25.5 crore (US$4.0 million)
[93]

10
Ventilator
2016
Rajesh Mapuskar
Purple Pebble Pictures
₹25 crore (US$3.9 million)
[94]

text: Punjabi

text: Punjabi cinema, producing films in the Punjabi language, is primarily based in the state of Punjab.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Chaar Sahibzaade
2014
Harry Baweja
Baweja Movies
₹70 crore (US$11 million)
[95]

2
Sardaar Ji
2015
Rohit Jugraj Chauhan
White Hill Production
₹50 crore (US$7.8 million)
[96]

3
Ambarsariya
2016
Mandeep Kumar
Tips Industries Limited
₹21.22 crore (US$3.3 million)
[97][98]

4
Punjab 1984
2014
Anurag Singh
White Hill Production
₹21 crore (US$3.3 million)
[99]

5
Jatt & Juliet 2
2013
Anurag Singh
White Hill Production
₹20 crore (US$3.1 million)
[100]

6
Sardaar Ji 2
2016
Rohit Jugraj Chauhan
White Hill Production
₹19 crore (US$3.0 million)
[101]

7
Angrej
2015
Simerjit Singh
Dara Productions
₹12.45 crore (US$1.9 million)
[102]

8
Chaar Sahibzaade: Rise of Banda Singh Bahadur
2016
Harry Baweja
Baweja Movies
₹12 crore (US$1.9 million)
[103][104][105]

text: Tamil

text: Tamil cinema, the Tamil language film industry is based in the Kodambakkam neighbourhood of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. It is sometimes colloquially known as "Kollywood", a portmanteau of Kodambakkam and Hollywood. Worldwide gross figures (including dubbed versions) are given below.

text:
Rank
Movie
Year
Director
Studio
Worldwide gross
Source

1
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion
2017
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
₹1,725 crore (US$270 million) #+
[11]

2
Baahubali: The Beginning
2015
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
₹650 crore (US$100 million) #+
[14]

3
Kabali
2016
Pa. Ranjith
V Creations
₹477 crore (US$74 million)[18]–₹499 crore (US$78 million)[19]
[18][19]

4
Enthiran
2010
S. Shankar
Sun Pictures
₹289 crore (US$45 million)
[106]

5
I
2015
S. Shankar
Aascar Films Pvt.Ltd
₹240 crore (US$37 million)
[107]

6
Vishwaroopam
2013
Kamal Haasan
Raaj Kamal Films International
₹220 crore (US$34 million) #+
[108]

7
Mersal
2017
Atlee
Thenandal Studio Limited
₹210 crore (US$33 million)
[109]

8
Dasavathaaram
2008
K. S. Ravikumar
Aascar Films Pvt.Ltd
₹200 crore (US$31 million)
[110][111]

9
Vivegam
2017
Siva
Sathya Jyothi Films
₹160 crore (US$25 million)
[112]

10
Theri
2016
Atlee
V. Creations
₹156.23 crore (US$24 million)
[113]

text: Telugu

text: Telugu cinema, also known by its nickname "Tollywood" is a part of Indian cinema producing films in the Telugu language, in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana and is centered in the Hyderabad neighbourhood of Film Nagar.[114]

text:
Rank
Title
Year
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Ref(s)

1
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion
2017
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
₹1,725 crore (US$270 million) #+
[11]

2
Baahubali: The Beginning
2015
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
₹650 crore (US$100 million) #+
[14]

3
Srimanthudu
2015
Koratala Siva
G. Mahesh Babu Entertainment Pvt. Ltd
Mythri Movie Makers
₹200 crore (US$31 million)
[115][116][117]

4
Khaidi No. 150
2017
V. V. Vinayak
Konidela Production Company
₹164 crore (US$26 million)
[118][119]

5
Gabbar Singh
2012
Harish Shankar
Parameswara Art Productions
₹150 crore (US$23 million)
[120]

Magadheera
2009
S. S. Rajamouli
Geetha Arts
₹150 crore (US$23 million)
[121]

Spyder
2017
A. R. Murugadoss
NVR Cinema
₹150 crore (US$23 million)
[122]

8
Janatha Garage
2016
Koratala Siva
Mythri Movie Makers
₹135 crore (US$21 million)
[123]

9
Attarintiki Daredi
2013
Trivikram Srinivas
Sri Venkateswara Cine Chitra
₹131 crore (US$20 million)[124]–₹187 crore (US$29 million)[125]
[124][125]

10
Jai Lava Kusa
2017
K. S. Ravindra
N.T.R. Arts
₹129 crore (US$20 million)
[126]

text: Highest-grossing films by year

text: This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: For verifiability, references need to support the claim that each film was the highest-grossing film of the indicated year, not just that the film grossed NNN rupees, since the gross value doesn't tell us whether or not that amount was actually the highest that year. Please help improve this section if you can. (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Year
Title
Director
Studio(s)
Worldwide gross
Language
Source

1940
Zindagi
P. C. Barua
New Theatres
0181 ! ₹55 lakh (equivalent to ₹181 crore or US$27 million in 2016)
Hindi/Urdu
[n 3]

1941
Khazanchi
Moti B. Gidwani
Pancholi Art Pictures
0235 ! ₹70 lakh (equivalent to ₹235 crore or US$35 million in 2016)
Hindi/Urdu
Punjabi
[n 5]

1942
Basant
Amiya Chakrabarty
Bombay Talkies
0235 ! ₹80 lakh (equivalent to ₹235 crore or US$35 million in 2016)
Hindi/Urdu
[n 6]

1943
Kismet
Gyan Mukherjee
Bombay Talkies
0309 ! ₹1 crore (equivalent to ₹309 crore or US$46 million in 2016)
Hindi/Urdu
[n 8]

1944
Rattan
M. Sadiq
Gemini Pictures
0275 ! ₹1 crore (equivalent to ₹275 crore or US$41 million in 2016)
Hindi/Urdu
[n 10]

1945
Zeenat
Shaukat Hussain Rizvi
Eastern Pictures
0188 ! ₹70 lakh (equivalent to ₹188 crore or US$28 million in 2016)
Hindi/Urdu
[n 11]

1946
Anmol Ghadi
Mehboob Khan
Mehboob Productions
0249 ! ₹1 crore (equivalent to ₹249 crore or US$37 million in 2016)
Hindi/Urdu
[n 13]

1947
Jugnu
Shaukat Hussain Rizvi
Shaukat Art Productions
0363 ! ₹50 lakh (equivalent to ₹363 crore or US$54 million in 2016)
Hindi/Urdu
[n 15]

1948
Shaheed
Ramesh Saigal
Filmistan
0336 ! ₹75 lakh (equivalent to ₹336 crore or US$50 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 17]

1949
Barsaat
Raj Kapoor
R. K. Films
0269 ! ₹2 crore (equivalent to ₹269 crore or US$40 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 19]

1950
Samadhi
Ramesh Saigal
N/A
0188 ! ₹1.35 crore (equivalent to ₹188 crore or US$28 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 20]

1951
Awaara
Raj Kapoor
R. K. Films
0739 ! ₹5.75 crore (equivalent to ₹739 crore or US$110 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 23]

1952
Aan
Mehboob Khan
Mehboob Productions
0356 ! ₹2.8 crore (equivalent to ₹356 crore or US$53 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 24]

1953
Anarkali
Nandlal Jaswantlal
Filmistan
0296 ! ₹2.35 crore (equivalent to ₹296 crore or US$44 million in 2016)
Hindi/Urdu
[n 25]

1954
Nagin
Nandlal Jaswantlal
Filmistan
0363 ! ₹2.9 crore (equivalent to ₹363 crore or US$54 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 26]

1955
Shree 420
Raj Kapoor
R. K. Films
0618 ! ₹4.94 crore (equivalent to ₹618 crore or US$92 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 28]

1956
Jagte Raho
Sombhu Mitra
Amit Maitra
R. K. Films
0477 ! ₹4.44 crore (equivalent to ₹477 crore or US$71 million in 2016)
Hindi
Bengali
[n 31]

1957
Mother India
Mehboob Khan
Mehboob Productions
0961 ! ₹8 crore (equivalent to ₹961 crore or US$143 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 32]

1958
Madhumati
Bimal Roy
Bimal Roy Productions
0470 ! ₹4 crore (equivalent to ₹470 crore or US$70 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 33]

1959
Char Dil Char Rahen
Khwaja Ahmad Abbas
Naya Sansar
0591 ! ₹5.27 crore (equivalent to ₹591 crore or US$88 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 35]

1960
Mughal-e-Azam
K. Asif
Sterling Investment Corporation
2000 ! ₹11 crore (equivalent to ₹2,000 crore (US$310 million) in 2017)
Hindi/Urdu
[n 36]

1961
Gunga Jumna
Nitin Bose
Citizen Films
1250 ! ₹11.27 crore (equivalent to ₹1,250 crore or US$186 million in 2016)
Hindi
Bhojpuri
[n 39]

1962
Bees Saal Baad
Biren Nag
Geetanjali Pictures
0179 ! ₹3 crore (equivalent to ₹179 crore or US$28 million in 2016)
Hindi
[165]

1963
Mere Mehboob
H. S. Rawail
Rahul Theatre
0665 ! ₹6 crore (equivalent to ₹665 crore or US$99 million in 2016)
Hindi/Urdu
[n 40]

1964
Sangam
Raj Kapoor
Mehboob Studio
0410 ! ₹8 crore (equivalent to ₹410 crore or US$64 million in 2016)
Hindi
[166]

1965
Waqt
Yash Chopra
Yash Raj Films
0280 ! ₹6 crore (equivalent to ₹280 crore or US$44 million in 2016)
Hindi
[167]

1966
Phool Aur Patthar
O. P. Ralhan
Ralhan Productions
0847 ! ₹17.17 crore (equivalent to ₹847 crore or US$128 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 43]

1967
Hamraaz
B. R. Chopra
United Producers
0759 ! ₹13.33 crore (equivalent to ₹759 crore or US$113 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 46]

1968
Ankhen
Ramanand Sagar
Sagar Art International
0235 ! ₹6.5 crore (equivalent to ₹235 crore or US$37 million in 2016)
Hindi
[170]

1969
Aradhana
Shakti Samanta
United Producers
0805 ! ₹17.85 crore (equivalent to ₹805 crore or US$121 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 50]

1970
Johny Mera Naam
Vijay Anand
Mehboob Studios
0276 ! ₹8 crore (equivalent to ₹276 crore or US$43 million in 2016)
Hindi
[172]

1971
Haathi Mere Saathi
M. A. Thirumugam
Devar Films
0611 ! ₹16.35 crore (equivalent to ₹611 crore or US$92 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 54]

1972
Seeta Aur Geeta
Ramesh Sippy
Sippy Films
0692 ! ₹19.53 crore (equivalent to ₹692 crore or US$103 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 58]

1973
Bobby
Raj Kapoor
R. K. Films
1155 ! ₹30.24 crore (equivalent to ₹1,155 crore or US$172 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 63]

1974
Roti Kapda Aur Makaan
Manoj Kumar
Filmistan
0304 ! ₹10.5 crore (equivalent to ₹220 crore or US$34 million in 2016)
Hindi
[178]

1975
Sholay
Ramesh Sippy
United Producers
1249 ! ₹35 crore (equivalent to ₹1,249 crore or US$186 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 65]

1976
Barood
Pramod Chakravorty
Jugnu Enterprises
0591 ! ₹19.32 crore (equivalent to ₹591 crore or US$88 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 70]

1977
Amar Akbar Anthony
Manmohan Desai
Hirawat Jain & Co.
0477 ! ₹15.5 crore (equivalent to ₹477 crore or US$71 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 71]

1978
Muqaddar Ka Sikandar
Prakash Mehra
Prakash Mehra Productions
0631 ! ₹26.89 crore (equivalent to ₹631 crore or US$94 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 75]

1979
Suhaag
Manmohan Desai
Sharma Cine Associates
0275 ! ₹10 crore (equivalent to ₹275 crore or US$41 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 77]

1980
Qurbani
Feroz Khan
F.K. International
0296 ! ₹12 crore (equivalent to ₹296 crore or US$44 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 79]

1981
Kranti
Manoj Kumar
V.I.P. Films
0410 ! ₹20 crore (equivalent to ₹410 crore or US$61 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 82]

1982
Disco Dancer
Babbar Subhash
B. Subhash Movie Unit
1261 ! ₹100.7 crore (equivalent to ₹1,261 crore or US$189 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 84]

1983
Coolie
Manmohan Desai
Aasia Films
0309 ! ₹18 crore (equivalent to ₹282 crore (US$44 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[189][n 80]

1984
Jagir
Pramod Chakravorty
Pramod Films
0181 ! ₹15.79 crore (equivalent to ₹181 crore or US$27 million in 2016)
Hindi
[n 88]

1985
Ram Teri Ganga Maili
Raj Kapoor
R. K. Films
0326 ! ₹19 crore (equivalent to ₹326 crore (US$51 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[191][n 80]

1986
Karma
Subhash Ghai
Mukta Arts
0241 ! ₹14 crore (equivalent to ₹241 crore (US$38 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[192][n 80]

1987
Hukumat
Anil Sharma
N/A
0189 ! ₹11 crore (equivalent to ₹189 crore (US$29 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[193][n 80]

1988
Tezaab
N. Chandra
N/A
0275 ! ₹16 crore (equivalent to ₹275 crore (US$43 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[193][n 80]

1989
Maine Pyar Kiya
Sooraj Barjatya
Rajshri Productions
0481 ! ₹28 crore (equivalent to ₹481 crore (US$75 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[194][n 80]

1990
Dil
Indra Kumar
Maruti International
0309 ! ₹18 crore (equivalent to ₹309 crore (US$48 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[195][n 80]

1991
Saajan
Lawrence D'Souza
Eros Entertainment
0309 ! ₹18 crore (equivalent to ₹309 crore (US$48 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[196][n 80]

1992
Beta
Indra Kumar
Maruti International
0404 ! ₹23.5 crore (equivalent to ₹404 crore (US$63 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[197][n 80]

1993
Aankhen
David Dhawan
Chiragdeep International
0434 ! ₹25.25 crore (equivalent to ₹434 crore (US$68 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[198][n 80]

1994
Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!
Sooraj Barjatya
Rajshri Productions
1316 ! ₹135 crore (equivalent to ₹1,316 crore (US$210 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 89]

1995
Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge
Aditya Chopra
Yash Raj Films
1058 ! ₹123.18 crore (equivalent to ₹1,058 crore (US$160 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 90]

1996
Raja Hindustani
Dharmesh Darshan
Cineyug
0711 ! ₹87.5 crore (equivalent to ₹711 crore (US$110 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 91]

1997
Dil To Pagal Hai
Yash Chopra
Yash Raj Films
0562 ! ₹71.87 crore (equivalent to ₹562 crore (US$88 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 92]

1998
Kuch Kuch Hota Hai
Karan Johar
Dharma Productions
0753 ! ₹106.74 crore (equivalent to ₹753 crore (US$120 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 93]

1999
Hum Saath Saath Hain
Sooraj Barjatya
Rajshri Productions
0551 ! ₹81.71 crore (equivalent to ₹551 crore (US$86 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 94]

2000
Mohabbatein
Aditya Chopra
Yash Raj Films
0532 ! ₹90.01 crore (equivalent to ₹532 crore (US$83 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 95]

2001
Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham
Karan Johar
Dharma Productions
0703 ! ₹135.53 crore (equivalent to ₹703 crore (US$110 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 96]

2002
Devdas
Sanjay Leela Bhansali
Red Chillies Entertainment
0456 ! ₹99.87 crore (equivalent to ₹456 crore (US$71 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 97]

2003
Kal Ho Naa Ho
Nikhil Advani
Dharma Productions
0284 ! ₹86.09 crore (equivalent to ₹284 crore (US$44 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 98]

2004
Veer-Zaara
Yash Chopra
Yash Raj Films
0288 ! ₹97.64 crore (equivalent to ₹288 crore (US$45 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 99]

2005
No Entry
Anees Bazmee
SK Film Entertainment
0203 ! ₹97.64 crore (equivalent to ₹203 crore (US$32 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 100]

2006
Dhoom 2
Sanjay Gadhvi
Yash Raj Films
0340 ! ₹151.39 crore (equivalent to ₹340 crore or US$53 million in 2016)
Hindi
[219]

2007
Om Shanti Om
Farah Khan
Red Chillies Entertainment
0319 ! ₹149.87 crore (equivalent to ₹319 crore (US$50 million) in 2016)
Hindi
[n 101]

2008
Ghajini
A. R. Murugadoss
Geetha Arts
0390 ! ₹200 crore (equivalent to ₹390 crore or US$61 million in 2016)
Hindi
[221][222]

2009
3 Idiots
Rajkumar Hirani
Vinod Chopra Films
0688 ! ₹390.9 crore (equivalent to ₹688 crore or US$110 million in 2016)
Hindi
[223]

2010
Enthiran
S. Shankar
Sun Pictures
0454 ! ₹289 crore (equivalent to ₹454 crore or US$71 million in 2016)
Tamil
[106]
[better source needed]

2011
Bodyguard
Siddique
Reel Life Productions
0338 ! ₹234.39 crore (equivalent to ₹338 crore or US$53 million in 2016)
Hindi
[224]

2012
Ek Tha Tiger
Kabir Khan
Yash Raj Films
0422 ! ₹320 crore (equivalent to ₹422 crore or US$66 million in 2016)
Hindi
[225]

2013
Dhoom 3
Vijay Krishna Acharya
Yash Raj Films
0696 ! ₹585 crore (equivalent to ₹696 crore or US$110 million in 2016)
Hindi
[226]

2014
PK
Rajkumar Hirani
Vinod Chopra Films
0886 ! ₹792 crore (equivalent to ₹886 crore or US$140 million in 2016)
Hindi
[227]

2015
Baahubali: The Beginning
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
0687 ! ₹650 crore (equivalent to ₹687 crore or US$110 million in 2016)
Telugu
Tamil
[14]

2016
Dangal
Nitesh Tiwari
Aamir Khan Productions
UTV Motion Pictures
Walt Disney Studios
2028.89 ! ₹2,028.89 crore (US$320 million)
Hindi
[n 1]

2017
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion
S. S. Rajamouli
Arka Media Works
1725 ! ₹1,725 crore (US$270 million)
Telugu
Tamil
[11]

text: This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Needs unique column for Source, as references are bleeding into currency parens. US Currency parentheticals need to be re-thought. Also, it's unclear why we're using US dollars when the rest of the article is in Indian rupees. Please help improve this section if you can. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The Krrish film series is the first franchise to gross over ₹100 crores. Baahubali is the only franchise to collect over ₹ 2,000 crores at the box office and the only franchise where its films have grossed more than ₹ 500 crores worldwide.

text:
Highest-grossing franchises and film series[§]
(The films in each franchise can be viewed by selecting "show".)

Rank
Series
Total worldwide box office (in crores)
No. of films
Average of films (in crores)
Highest-grossing film (gross in INR(₹) crores)

1
[show]Baahubali
₹2,375
2
₹1,188
Baahubali 2: The Conclusion (₹1,725)

1
The Conclusion (2017)
₹1,725

2
The Beginning (2015)
₹650

2
[show]Dhoom
₹807.5
3
₹269
Dhoom 3 (₹585[228])

1
Dhoom 3 (2013)
₹585

2
Dhoom 2 (2006)
₹150

3
Dhoom (2004)
₹72.5

3
[show]Golmaal
₹632.75
4
₹158
Golmaal Again (₹294.85[229])

1
Golmaal Again (2017)
₹294.85

2
Golmaal 3 (2010)
₹160

3
Golmaal Returns (2008)
₹108

4
Fun Unlimited (2006)
₹69.9

4
[show]Krrish
₹511
3
₹170
Krrish 3 (₹291[230])

1
Krrish 3 (2013)
₹291

2
Krrish (2006)
₹117

3
Koi... Mil Gaya (2003)
₹103

5
[show]Housefull
₹500
3
₹167
Housefull 3 (₹195[231])

1
Housefull 3 (2016)
₹195

2
Housefull 2 (2012)
₹186

3
Housefull (2010)
₹119

6
[show]Dabangg
₹464
2
₹232
Dabangg 2 (₹249[232])

1
Dabangg 2 (2012)
₹249

2
Dabangg (2010)
₹215

7
[show]Singham (Hindi)
₹355
2
₹178
Singham Returns (₹215[233])

1
Singham Returns (2014)
₹215

2
Singham (2011)
₹140

8
[show]Don
₹321
2
₹161
Don 2 (₹215[234])

1
Don 2 (2011)
₹215

2
Don (2006)
₹106

9
[show]Dulhania
₹310.34
2
₹155
Badrinath Ki Dulhania (₹200.34[235])

1
Badrinath Ki Dulhania (2017)
₹200.34

2
Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania (2014)
₹110

10
[show]Singam (Tamil)
₹300
3
₹100
Singam II (₹125[236])

1
Singam II (2013)
₹125

2
Si3 (2017)
₹110

3
Singam (2010)
₹65

11
[show]Tanu Weds Manu
₹299
2
₹150
Tanu Weds Manu: Returns (₹243[237])

1
Returns (2015)
₹243

2
Tanu Weds Manu (2011)
₹56

12
[show]Race
₹268
2
₹134
Race 2 (₹162[238])

1
Race 2 (2013)
₹162

2
Race (2008)
₹106

13
[show]Welcome
₹256
2
₹128
Welcome Back (₹136[239])

1
Welcome Back (2015)
₹136

2
Welcome (2007)
₹120

14
[show]Judwaa
₹250.79
2
₹125
Judwaa 2 (₹227.4[240])

1
Judwaa 2 (2017)
₹227.4

2
Judwaa (1997)
₹23.39

15
[show]Gabbar Singh
₹250
2
₹125
Gabbar Singh (₹150[120])

1
Gabbar Singh (2012)
₹150

2
Sardaar Gabbar Singh (2016)
₹100

16
[show]Jolly LLB
₹234.3
2
₹117
Jolly LLB 2 (₹197.3[241])

1
Jolly LLB 2 (2017)
₹197.3

2
Jolly LLB (2013)
₹37

17
[show]Raaz
₹210.6
4
₹53
Raaz 3 (₹97[242])

1
Raaz 3 (2012)
₹97

2
Reboot (2016)
₹42.1

3
Raaz (2002)
₹37

4
The Mystery Continues (2009)
₹34.5

18
[show]ABCD
₹206
2
₹103
ABCD 2 (₹130[243])

1
ABCD 2 (2015)
₹130

2
Any Body Can Dance (2013)
₹76

19
[show]Muni
₹203.7
3
₹68
Kanchana 2 (₹120[244])

1
Kanchana 2 (2015)
₹120

2
Muni 2: Kanchana (2011)
₹68.7

3
Muni (2007)
₹15

20
[show]Baby
₹199.1
2
₹100
Baby (₹143[245])

1
Baby (2015)
₹143

2
Naam Shabana (2017)
₹56.1

21
[show]Masti
₹187.8
3
₹63
Grand Masti (₹142[246])

1
Grand Masti (2013)
₹142

2
Masti (2004)
₹26.8

3
Great Grand Masti (2016)
₹19

22
[show]Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai
₹186.2
2
₹93
Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai (₹94.5[247])

1
Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai (2010)
₹94.5

2
Once Upon ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara! (2013)
₹91.7

23
[show]Dhamaal
₹159.3
2
₹80
Dhamaal (₹88.8[248])

1
Dhamaal (2007)
₹88.8

2
Double Dhamaal (2011)
₹70.5

24
[show]Kahaani
₹158.8
2
₹79
Kahaani (₹104[249][250])

1
Kahaani (2012)
₹104

2
2: Durga Rani Singh (2016)
₹54.8

25
[show]Munna Bhai
₹150.4
2
₹75
Lage Raho Munna Bhai (₹120[251])

1
Lage Raho Munna Bhai (2006)
₹120

2
Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. (2003)
₹30.4


question_text: who won the european cup the most times

question_tokens: who won the european cup the most times

text: List of finals

text:
Key

Match was won during extra time

*
Match was won on a penalty shoot-out

&
Match was won after a replay

text:
The "Season" column refers to the season the competition was held, and wikilinks to the article about that season.
The wikilinks in the "Score" column point to the article about that season's final game.

tag: ul

text:
List of European Cup and UEFA Champions League finals

Season
Nation
Winners
Score
Runners-up
Nation
Venue
Attendance[11]

1955–56
 Spain
Real Madrid
4–3
Reims
 France
 Parc des Princes, Paris
38,239

1956–57
 Spain
Real Madrid
2–0
Fiorentina
 Italy
 Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid
124,000

1957–58
 Spain
Real Madrid
3–2
Milan
 Italy
 Heysel Stadium, Brussels
67,000

1958–59
 Spain
Real Madrid
2–0
Reims
 France
 Neckarstadion, Stuttgart
72,000

1959–60
 Spain
Real Madrid
7–3
Eintracht Frankfurt
 West Germany
 Hampden Park, Glasgow
127,621

1960–61
 Portugal
Benfica
3–2
Barcelona
 Spain
 Wankdorf Stadium, Bern
26,732

1961–62
 Portugal
Benfica
5–3
Real Madrid
 Spain
 Olympisch Stadion, Amsterdam
61,257

1962–63
 Italy
Milan
2–1
Benfica
 Portugal
 Wembley Stadium, London
45,715

1963–64
 Italy
Internazionale
3–1
Real Madrid
 Spain
 Prater Stadium, Vienna
71,333

1964–65
 Italy
Internazionale
1–0
Benfica
 Portugal
 San Siro, Milan
89,000

1965–66
 Spain
Real Madrid
2–1
Partizan
 Yugoslavia
 Heysel Stadium, Brussels
46,745

1966–67
 Scotland
Celtic
2–1
Internazionale
 Italy
 Estádio Nacional, Lisbon
45,000

1967–68
 England
Manchester United
4–1
Benfica
 Portugal
 Wembley Stadium, London
92,225

1968–69
 Italy
Milan
4–1
Ajax
 Netherlands
 Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid
31,782

1969–70
 Netherlands
Feyenoord
2–1
Celtic
 Scotland
 San Siro, Milan
53,187

1970–71
 Netherlands
Ajax
2–0
Panathinaikos
 Greece
 Wembley Stadium, London
83,179

1971–72
 Netherlands
Ajax
2–0
Internazionale
 Italy
 De Kuip, Rotterdam
61,354

1972–73
 Netherlands
Ajax
1–0
Juventus
 Italy
 Red Star Stadium, Belgrade
89,484

1973–74
 West Germany
Bayern Munich
4–0&[A]
Atlético Madrid
 Spain
 Heysel Stadium, Brussels
72,047

1974–75
 West Germany
Bayern Munich
2–0
Leeds United
 England
 Parc des Princes, Paris
48,374

1975–76
 West Germany
Bayern Munich
1–0
Saint-Étienne
 France
 Hampden Park, Glasgow
54,864

1976–77
 England
Liverpool
3–1
Borussia Mönchengladbach
 West Germany
 Stadio Olimpico, Rome
57,000

1977–78
 England
Liverpool
1–0
Club Brugge
 Belgium
 Wembley Stadium, London
92,500

1978–79
 England
Nottingham Forest
1–0
Malmö FF
 Sweden
 Olympiastadion, Munich
57,500

1979–80
 England
Nottingham Forest
1–0
Hamburg
 West Germany
 Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid
51,000

1980–81
 England
Liverpool
1–0
Real Madrid
 Spain
 Parc des Princes, Paris
48,360

1981–82
 England
Aston Villa
1–0
Bayern Munich
 West Germany
 De Kuip, Rotterdam
46,000

1982–83
 West Germany
Hamburg
1–0
Juventus
 Italy
 Olympic Stadium, Athens
73,500

1983–84
 England
Liverpool
1–1*[B]
Roma
 Italy
 Stadio Olimpico, Rome
69,693

1984–85
 Italy
Juventus
1–0
Liverpool
 England
 Heysel Stadium, Brussels
58,000

1985–86
 Romania
Steaua București
0–0*[C]
Barcelona
 Spain
 Estadio Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán, Seville
70,000

1986–87
 Portugal
Porto
2–1
Bayern Munich
 West Germany
 Prater Stadium, Vienna
57,500

1987–88
 Netherlands
PSV Eindhoven
0–0*[D]
Benfica
 Portugal
 Neckarstadion, Stuttgart
68,000

1988–89
 Italy
Milan
4–0
Steaua București
 Romania
 Camp Nou, Barcelona
97,000

1989–90
 Italy
Milan
1–0
Benfica
 Portugal
 Prater Stadium, Vienna
57,558

1990–91
 Yugoslavia
Red Star Belgrade
0–0*[E]
Marseille
 France
 Stadio San Nicola, Bari
56,000

1991–92
 Spain
Barcelona
1–0
Sampdoria
 Italy
 Wembley Stadium, London
70,827

1992–93
 France
Marseille
1–0
Milan
 Italy
 Olympiastadion, Munich
64,400

1993–94
 Italy
Milan
4–0
Barcelona
 Spain
 Olympic Stadium, Athens
70,000

1994–95
 Netherlands
Ajax
1–0
Milan
 Italy
 Ernst-Happel-Stadion, Vienna
49,730

1995–96
 Italy
Juventus
1–1*[F]
Ajax
 Netherlands
 Stadio Olimpico, Rome
70,000

1996–97
 Germany
Borussia Dortmund
3–1
Juventus
 Italy
 Olympiastadion, Munich
59,000

1997–98
 Spain
Real Madrid
1–0
Juventus
 Italy
 Amsterdam Arena, Amsterdam
48,500

1998–99
 England
Manchester United
2–1
Bayern Munich
 Germany
 Camp Nou, Barcelona
90,245

1999–2000
 Spain
Real Madrid
3–0
Valencia
 Spain
 Stade de France, Saint-Denis
80,000

2000–01
 Germany
Bayern Munich
1–1*[G]
Valencia
 Spain
 San Siro, Milan
71,500

2001–02
 Spain
Real Madrid
2–1
Bayer Leverkusen
 Germany
 Hampden Park, Glasgow
50,499

2002–03
 Italy
Milan
0–0*[H]
Juventus
 Italy
 Old Trafford, Manchester
62,315

2003–04
 Portugal
Porto
3–0
Monaco
 France
 Arena AufSchalke, Gelsenkirchen
53,053

2004–05
 England
Liverpool
3–3*[I]
Milan
 Italy
 Atatürk Olympic Stadium, Istanbul
69,000

2005–06
 Spain
Barcelona
2–1
Arsenal
 England
 Stade de France, Saint-Denis
79,610

2006–07
 Italy
Milan
2–1
Liverpool
 England
 Olympic Stadium, Athens
63,000

2007–08
 England
Manchester United
1–1*[J]
Chelsea
 England
 Luzhniki Stadium, Moscow
67,310

2008–09
 Spain
Barcelona
2–0
Manchester United
 England
 Stadio Olimpico, Rome
62,467

2009–10
 Italy
Internazionale
2–0
Bayern Munich
 Germany
 Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid
73,490

2010–11
 Spain
Barcelona
3–1
Manchester United
 England
 Wembley Stadium, London
87,695

2011–12
 England
Chelsea
1–1*[K]
Bayern Munich
 Germany
 Allianz Arena, Munich
62,500

2012–13
 Germany
Bayern Munich
2–1
Borussia Dortmund
 Germany
 Wembley Stadium, London
86,298

2013–14
 Spain
Real Madrid
4–1
Atlético Madrid
 Spain
 Estádio da Luz, Lisbon
60,976

2014–15
 Spain
Barcelona
3–1
Juventus
 Italy
 Olympiastadion, Berlin
70,442

2015–16
 Spain
Real Madrid
1–1*[L]
Atlético Madrid
 Spain
 San Siro, Milan
71,942

2016–17
 Spain
Real Madrid
4–1
Juventus
 Italy
 Millennium Stadium, Cardiff
65,842

2017–18
 Spain
Real Madrid
3–1
Liverpool
 England
 NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium, Kiev
61,561

Upcoming finals

Season
Nation
Finalist
Match
Finalist
Nation
Venue

2018–19

v

 Wanda Metropolitano, Madrid

2019–20

v

 Atatürk Olympic Stadium, Istanbul

text: Performances

text: By club

text:
Performance in the European Cup and UEFA Champions League by club

v
t
e

Club
Winners
Runners-up
Years won
Years runner-up

 Real Madrid
13
3
1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1966, 1998, 2000, 2002, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018
1962, 1964, 1981

 Milan
7
4
1963, 1969, 1989, 1990, 1994, 2003, 2007
1958, 1993, 1995, 2005

 Bayern Munich
5
5
1974, 1975, 1976, 2001, 2013
1982, 1987, 1999, 2010, 2012

 Liverpool
5
3
1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005
1985, 2007, 2018

 Barcelona
5
3
1992, 2006, 2009, 2011, 2015
1961, 1986, 1994

 Ajax
4
2
1971, 1972, 1973, 1995
1969, 1996

 Manchester United
3
2
1968, 1999, 2008
2009, 2011

 Internazionale
3
2
1964, 1965, 2010
1967, 1972

 Juventus
2
7
1985, 1996
1973, 1983, 1997, 1998, 2003, 2015, 2017

 Benfica
2
5
1961, 1962
1963, 1965, 1968, 1988, 1990

 Nottingham Forest
2
0
1979, 1980
—

 Porto
2
0
1987, 2004
—

 Celtic
1
1
1967
1970

 Hamburg
1
1
1983
1980

 Steaua București
1
1
1986
1989

 Marseille
1
1
1993
1991

 Borussia Dortmund
1
1
1997
2013

 Chelsea
1
1
2012
2008

 Feyenoord
1
0
1970
—

 Aston Villa
1
0
1982
—

 PSV Eindhoven
1
0
1988
—

 Red Star Belgrade
1
0
1991
—

 Atlético Madrid
0
3
—
1974, 2014, 2016

 Reims
0
2
—
1956, 1959

 Valencia
0
2
—
2000, 2001

 Fiorentina
0
1
—
1957

 Eintracht Frankfurt
0
1
—
1960

 Partizan
0
1
—
1966

 Panathinaikos
0
1
—
1971

 Leeds United
0
1
—
1975

 Saint-Étienne
0
1
—
1976

 Borussia Mönchengladbach
0
1
—
1977

 Club Brugge
0
1
—
1978

 Malmö FF
0
1
—
1979

 Roma
0
1
—
1984

 Sampdoria
0
1
—
1992

 Bayer Leverkusen
0
1
—
2002

 Monaco
0
1
—
2004

 Arsenal
0
1
—
2006

text: By nation

text: Ten different nations have won the Champions League, and thirteen nations have sent a team to the finals. Since the 1996–97 season, however (other than Porto's win in 2003–04) the winners have come from one of only four nations — Spain (11), England (4), Italy (3), and Germany (3) — and (other than Monaco's performance in 2003–04) the runners up have all come from the same four nations.

text:
Performance by nation

Nation
Winners
Runners-up

 Spain
18
11

 Italy
12
16

 England
12
8

 Germany
7
10

 Netherlands
6
2

 Portugal
4
5

 France
1
5

 Romania
1
1

 Scotland

 Yugoslavia

 Belgium
0
1

 Greece

 Sweden

text: Venues

text:
European Cup and UEFA Champions League final venues

Ground
Hosts
Years

 Wembley Stadium, London
7
1963, 1968, 1971, 1978, 1992, 2011, 2013

 Santiago Bernabéu Stadium, Madrid
4
1957, 1969, 1980, 2010

 Heysel Stadium, Brussels
4
1958, 1966, 1974, 1985

 Ernst-Happel-Stadion, Vienna
4
1964, 1987, 1990, 1995

 San Siro, Milan
4
1965, 1970, 2001, 2016

 Stadio Olimpico, Rome
4
1977, 1984, 1996, 2009

 Parc des Princes, Paris
3
1956, 1975, 1981

 Hampden Park, Glasgow
3
1960, 1976, 2002

 Olympiastadion, Munich
3
1979, 1993, 1997

 Olympic Stadium, Athens
3
1983, 1994, 2007

 Mercedes-Benz Arena, Stuttgart
2
1959, 1988

 De Kuip, Rotterdam
2
1972, 1982

 Camp Nou, Barcelona
2
1989, 1999

 Stade de France, Saint-Denis
2
2000, 2006

 Atatürk Olympic Stadium, Istanbul
2
2005, 2020

 Wankdorf Stadium, Bern
1
1961

 Olympisch Stadion, Amsterdam
1
1962

 Estádio Nacional, Lisbon
1
1967

 Red Star Stadium, Belgrade
1
1973

 Estadio Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán, Seville
1
1986

 Stadio San Nicola, Bari
1
1991

 Amsterdam Arena, Amsterdam
1
1998

 Old Trafford, Manchester
1
2003

 Veltins-Arena, Gelsenkirchen
1
2004

 Luzhniki Stadium, Moscow
1
2008

 Allianz Arena, Munich
1
2012

 Estádio da Luz, Lisbon
1
2014

 Olympiastadion, Berlin
1
2015

 Millennium Stadium, Cardiff
1
2017

 NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium, Kiev
1
2018

 Wanda Metropolitano, Madrid
1
2019

text: Notes

text: A. ^ The first final, played two days earlier, ended 1–1 after extra time.[12]

text: B. ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes and extra time. Liverpool won the penalty shoot-out 4–2.[13]

text: C. ^ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes and extra time. Steaua București won the penalty shoot-out 2–0.[14]

text: D. ^ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes and extra time. PSV Eindhoven won the penalty shoot-out 6–5.[15]

text: E. ^ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes and extra time. Red Star Belgrade won the penalty shoot-out 5–3.[16]

text: F. ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes and extra time. Juventus won the penalty shoot-out 4–2.[17]

text: G. ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes and extra time. Bayern Munich won the penalty shoot-out 5–4.[18]

text: H. ^ Score was 0–0 after 90 minutes and extra time. Milan won the penalty shoot-out 3–2.[19]

text: I. ^ Score was 3–3 after 90 minutes and extra time. Liverpool won the penalty shoot-out 3–2.[20]

text: J. ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes and extra time. Manchester United won the penalty shoot-out 6–5.[21]

text: K. ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes and extra time. Chelsea won the penalty shoot-out 4–3.[22]

text: L. ^ Score was 1–1 after 90 minutes and extra time. Real Madrid won the penalty shoot-out 5–3.[23]