document_title: Immigration to Australia

question_text: what is the highest immigrant population in australia

text: Immigration to Australia

text: Immigration history of Australia[edit]

text: The first migration of humans to the continent took place around 65,000 years ago[9] via the islands of Maritime Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea as part of the early history of human migration out of Africa.[10]

text: Penal transportation[edit]

text: European migration to Australia began with the British convict settlement of Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. The First Fleet comprised 11 ships carrying 775 convicts and 645 officials, members of the crew, marines, and their families and children. The settlers consisted of petty criminals, second-rate soldiers and a crew of sailors. There were few with skills needed to start a self-sufficient settlement, such as farmers and builders, and the colony experienced hunger and hardships. Male settlers far outnumbered female settlers. The Second Fleet arrived in 1790 bringing more convicts. The conditions of the transportation was described as horrific and worse than slave transports. Of the 1,026 convicts who embarked, 267 (256 men and 11 women) died during the voyage (26%); a further 486 were sick when they arrived of which 124 died soon after. The fleet was more of a drain on the struggling settlement than of any benefit. Conditions on the Third Fleet, which followed on the heels of the Second Fleet in 1791, were a bit better. The fleet comprised 11 ships. Of the more than 2000 convicts brought onto the ships, 173 male convicts and 9 female convicts died during the voyage. Other transport fleets bringing further convicts as well as freemen to the colony would follow. By the end of the penal transportation in 1868, approximately 165,000 people had entered Australia as convicts.

text: Gold rush and population growth[edit]

text: The colonies promoted migration by a variety of schemes. The South Australia Company was established to encourage labouers and skilled migration and settlement to South Australia.

text: The Gold rush era, beginning in 1851, led to an enormous expansion in population, including large numbers of British and Irish settlers, followed by smaller numbers of Germans and other Europeans, and Chinese. This latter group were subject to increasing restrictions and discrimination, making it impossible for many to remain in the country. With the Federation of the Australian colonies into a single nation, one of the first acts of the new Commonwealth Government was the Immigration Restriction Act 1901, otherwise known as the White Australia policy, which was a strengthening and unification of disparate colonial policies designed to restrict non-White settlement. Because of opposition from the British government, an explicit racial policy was avoided in the legislation, with the control mechanism being a dictation test in a European language selected by the immigration officer. This was selected to be one the immigrant did not know; the last time an immigrant passed a test was in 1909. Perhaps the most celebrated case was Egon Erwin Kisch, a left-wing Czechoslovakian journalist, who could speak five languages, who was failed in a test in Scottish Gaelic, and deported as illiterate.

text: The government also found that if it wanted immigrants it had to subsidise migration. The great distance from Europe made Australia a more expensive and less attractive destination than Canada and the United States. The number of immigrants needed during different stages of the economic cycle could be controlled by varying the subsidy.  Before federation in 1901, assisted migrants received passage assistance from colonial government funds.  The British government paid for the passage of convicts, paupers, the military and civil servants. Few immigrants received colonial government assistance before 1831.[11]

text:
Period
Annual average assisted immigrants[11]

1831–1860
18,268

1861–1900
10,087

1901–1940
10,662

1941–1980
52,960

tag: table

text: With the onset of the Great Depression, the Governor-General proclaimed the cessation of immigration until further notice, and the next group to arrive were 5000 Jewish refuge families from Germany in 1938. Approved groups such as these were assured of entry by being issued with a Certificate of Exemption from the Dictation Test.

text: Post-war immigration to Australia[edit]

text: After World War II Australia launched a massive immigration program, believing that having narrowly avoided a Japanese invasion, Australia must "populate or perish". Hundreds of thousands of displaced Europeans migrated to Australia and over 1,000,000 British subjects immigrated under the Assisted Passage Migration Scheme, colloquially becoming known as Ten Pound Poms.[12]  The scheme initially targeted citizens of all Commonwealth countries; after the war it gradually extended to other countries such as the Netherlands and Italy. The qualifications were straightforward: migrants needed to be in sound health and under the age of 45 years. There were initially no skill restrictions, although under the White Australia Policy, people from mixed-race backgrounds found it very difficult to take advantage of the scheme.[13]

text: In the 1970s, multiculturalism largely displaced cultural selectivity in immigration policy.

text:
Period
Migration Programme  [14] [15]

1998–99
68 000

1999–00
70 000

2000–01
76 000

2001–02
85 000

2002–03
108,070

2003-2004
114,360

2004-2005
120,060

2005
142,933

2006
148,200

2007
158,630

2008
171,318

2011
185,000

2012
190,000

text: Current immigration programs[edit]

text: Migration program[edit]

text: There are a number of different types of Australian immigration, classed under different categories of visa:[16]

text:
Skilled Occupation visas - Australian working visas are most commonly granted to highly skilled workers. Candidates are assessed against a points-based system, with points allocated for certain standards of education. These visas are often sponsored by individual States, which recruit workers according to specific needs. Visas may also be granted to applicants sponsored by an Australian business. The most popular form of sponsored working visa was the 457 visa set in place in 1996 which has now been abolished by the Turnbull government.
Student visas - The Australian Government actively encourages foreign students to study in Australia. There are a number of categories of student visa, most of which require a confirmed offer from an educational institution.
Family visas - Visas are often granted on the basis of family ties in Australia. There are a number of different types of Australian family visas, including Contributory Parent visas and Spouse visas.

text: Employment and family visas can often lead to Australian citizenship; however, this requires the applicant to have lived in Australia for at least four years with at least one year as a permanent resident.

text: Investor visas - Foreign investors could invest the business or fund in Australia to acquire the Permanent Residential of Australia, after 4 years (including the year which acquire the visa), they need to take the exam and make a declaration in order to be a citizen of Australia.  [17]

text: Claims have been made that Australia's migration program is in conflict with anti age-discrimination legislation and there have been calls to remove or amend the age limit of 50 for general skilled migrants.[18]

text: Humanitarian program[edit]

text: Australia grants two types of visa under its humanitarian program:[19]

text:
Refugee-category visas for refugees under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees
Special Humanitarian Programme (SHP) visas for persons who are subject to substantial discrimination amounting to gross violation of their human rights in their home country

text: The cap for visas granted under the humanitarian program was 13,750 for 2015-16,[20] plus an additional 12,000 visas available for refugees from the  conflicts in Syria and Iraq.[21]

text: Migration and settlement services[edit]

text: A number of migration assistance and settlement support services are provided by the Australian Government and the community:

text: The Adult Migrant English Program is available to eligible migrants from the humanitarian, family and skilled visa streams and provides free English language courses for those who do not have functional English. Up to 510 hours of English language courses are provided in the first five years of settlement in Australia.

text: The Department of Home Affairs operates a 24-hour, seven days a week telephone interpreting service called the Translating and Interpreting Service National, which facilitates contact between non-English speakers and interpreters, enabling access to government and community services.[22]

text: The Settlement Grants Program provides funding to assist humanitarian entrants and migrants settle in Australia and participate equitably in Australian society as soon as possible after arrival. The program is targeted to deliver settlement services to humanitarian entrants, family migrants with low levels of English proficiency and dependants of skilled migrants in rural and regional areas with low English proficiency.

text: The Australian Cultural Orientation program provides practical advice and the opportunity to ask questions about travel to and life in Australia to refugee and humanitarian visa holders who are preparing to settle in Australia. The program is delivered overseas over five days before the visa holder begins his or her journey.[23]

text: Refugee and humanitarian visa holders are also eligible to receive on arrival settlement support through the Humanitarian Settlement Services program, which provides intensive settlement support and equips individuals with the skills and knowledge to independently access services beyond the initial settlement period.[24]

text: The Immigration Advice and Application Assistance Scheme provides professional assistance, free of charge, to disadvantaged visa applicants, to help with the completion and submission of visa applications, liaison with the department, and advice on complex immigration matters. It also provides migration advice to prospective visa applicants and sponsors.[25]

text: In response to the needs of asylum seekers, the Asylum Seeker Assistance Scheme was created in 1992 to address Australia’s obligations under the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. The scheme is administered by the Australian Red Cross under contract to the Department of Immigration and Citizenship. It provides financial assistance to asylum seekers in the community who satisfy specific eligibility criteria, and also facilitates access to casework assistance and other support services for asylum seekers through the Australian Red Cross.[26]

text: Migration Alliance, a not-for-profit organisation, was established in 2009 to connect migrants with migration agents and settlement services via an online Australian immigration portal.[27]

text: There are also a variety of community-based services that cater to the needs of newly arrived migrants, refugees, asylum seekers, some of which receive funding from the Commonwealth Government, such as Migrant Resource Centres.

text: Country of birth of Australian residents[edit]

text: As of June 2016, 28.5% of the Australian resident population, or 6.9 million people, were born overseas.[28] The Australian resident population consists of people who were born in the following countries:

text:
Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics(2016 census)[30]

Country of birth

Estimated resident population[a]

 Australia

15,615,531

 United Kingdom England Scotland

1,198,000907,570119,417

 New Zealand

518,466

 Mainland China[b]

509,555

 India

455,389

 Philippines

236,400

 Vietnam

219,355

 Italy

174,042

 South Africa

162,449

 Malaysia

138,364

 Sri Lanka

109,849

 Germany

102,595

 South Korea

98,776

 Greece

93,743

 Hong Kong

86,886

 United States

86,125

 Lebanon

78,653

 Ireland

74,888

 Indonesia

73,213

 Netherlands

70,172

 Iraq

67,352

 Thailand

66,229

 Pakistan

61,913

 Fiji

61,469

 Iran

58,112

 Singapore

54,939

 Nepal

54,754

text:
Jump up ^ Only countries with 50,000 or more listed.

Jump up ^ Excludes Hong Kong SAR and Taiwan ROC

tag: ol

text: Among the States, there are some differences in settlement patterns, as demonstrated in the statistics compiled at the 2006 Census:[31]

text:
New South Wales has the largest population, and the largest foreign born population, in Australia (1,544,023). Certain nationalities are highly concentrated in this state: 74.5% of Lebanese-born, 63.1% of Iraqi-born, 63.0% of South Korean-born, 59.4% of Fijian-born and 59.4% of Chinese-born Australian residents live in New South Wales.
Victoria, the second most populous state, also has the second largest number of overseas-born persons (1,161,984). 50.6% of Sri Lankan-born, 50.1% of Turkish-born, 49.4% of Greek-born and 41.6% of Italian-born Australian residents live in Victoria.
Western Australia, with 528,827 overseas-born residents has the highest proportion of its population being foreign-born. The state attracts 29.6% of all Singapore-born Australian residents, and is narrowly behind New South Wales in having the largest population of British-born Australian residents.
Queensland had 695,525 overseas-born residents, and attracted the greatest proportion of persons born in Papua New Guinea (52.4%) and New Zealand (38.2%).

text: Impacts and concerns[edit]

text: There is a range of views in the Australian community on the composition and level of immigration, and on the possible effects of varying the level of immigration and population growth.

text: In 2002, a CSIRO population study commissioned by the former Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, outlined six potential dilemmas associated with immigration-driven population growth. These included: the absolute numbers of aged continuing to rise despite high immigration off-setting ageing and declining birth-rates in a proportional sense; a worsening of Australia's trade balance due to more imports and higher consumption of domestic production; increased greenhouse gas emissions; overuse of agricultural soils; marine fisheries and domestic supplies of oil and gas; and a decline in urban air quality, river quality and biodiversity.[32]

text: Environment[edit]

text: Some environmental movements believe that as the driest inhabited continent, Australia cannot continue to sustain its current rate of population growth without becoming overpopulated. The Sustainable Population Australia (SPA) argues that climate change will lead to a deterioration of natural ecosystems through increased temperatures, extreme weather events and less rainfall in the southern part of the continent, thus reducing its capacity to sustain a large population even further.[33]  The Australia Institute has concluded that Australia’s population growth has been one of the main factors driving growth in domestic greenhouse gas emissions.[34] It concluded that the average emissions per capita in the countries that immigrants come from is only 42 percent of average emissions in Australia, finding that as immigrants alter their lifestyle to that of Australians, they increase global greenhouse gas emissions.[34] The Institute calculated that each additional 70,000 immigrants will lead to additional emissions of 20 million tonnes of greenhouse gases by the end of the Kyoto target period (2012) and 30 million tonnes by 2020.[35]

text: Housing and infrastructure[edit]

text: A number of economists, such as Macquarie Bank analyst Rory Robertson, assert that high immigration and the propensity of new arrivals to cluster in the capital cities is exacerbating the nation's housing affordability problem.[36] According to Robertson, Federal Government policies that fuel demand for housing, such as the currently high levels of immigration, as well as capital gains tax discounts and subsidies to boost fertility, have had a greater impact on housing affordability than land release on urban fringes.[37]

text: The Productivity Commission in its 2004 Inquiry Report No. 28, First Home Ownership, concluded: "Growth in immigration since the mid-1990s has been an important contributor to underlying demand, particularly in Sydney and Melbourne."[38] The Reserve Bank of Australia in its submission to the same Productivity Commission report stated that "rapid growth in overseas visitors such as students may have boosted demand for rental housing".[38] However, the Commission found that "the ABS resident population estimates have limitations when used for assessing housing demand. Given the significant influx of foreigners coming to work or study in Australia in recent years, it seems highly likely that short-stay visitor movements may have added to the demand for housing. However, the Commissions are unaware of any research that quantifies the effects."[38]

text: Some individuals and interest groups have also argued that immigration causes overburdened infrastructure.[39][40]

text: Employment[edit]

text: Australia maintains a list of skilled occupations that are currently acceptable for immigration to Australia.[41]

text: In 2009, following the global financial crisis, the Australian government reduced its immigration target by 14%, and the permanent migration program for skilled migrants was reduced to 115,000 people for that financial year.[42] In 2010-2011, the migration intake was adjusted so that 67.5% of the permanent migration program would be for skilled migrants, and 113,725 visas were granted.[43]

text: According to Graduate Careers Australia, there have been some declines in full-time employment between 2012–2015 for recent university graduates of various degrees, including dentistry, computer science, architecture, psychology, and nursing.[44] In 2014, a number of the professional associations for some of these fields criticised the immigration policy for skilled migrants, contending that these policies have contributed to difficulties for local degree holders in obtaining full-time employment.[45][46][46][47][48][49][50] In 2016, the Department of Health forecast a shortfall in nurses of approximately 85,000 by 2025 and 123,000 by 2030.[51]

text: In 2016, Monash University academics published a report which contended that Australia's immigration program is deeply flawed. The government's Medium to Long-Term Strategic Skill List allows immigration by professionals who end up competing with graduates of Australian universities for scarce positions. On the other hand, Australia's shortage of skilled tradespeople is not being addressed.[52]

text: Economic growth and aging population[edit]

text: Another element in the immigration debate is a concern to alleviate adverse impacts arising from Australia's aging population. The former Federal Treasurer, Peter Costello has said that Australia is underpopulated due to a low birth rate, and that negative population growth will have adverse long-term effects on the economy as the population ages and the labour market becomes less competitive.[53] To avoid this outcome the government increased immigration to fill gaps in labour markets and introduced a subsidy to encourage families to have more children.[citation needed] However, opponents of population growth such as Sustainable Population Australia do not accept that population growth will decline and reverse, based on current immigration and fertility projections.[54]

text: There is debate over whether immigration can slow the ageing of Australia's population. In a research paper entitled Population Futures for Australia: the Policy Alternatives, Peter McDonald claims that "it is demographic nonsense to believe that immigration can help to keep our population young."[55] However, according to Creedy and Alvarado (p. 99),[56] by 2031 there will be a 1.1 per cent fall in the proportion of the population aged over 65 if net migration rate is 80,000 per year. If net migration rate is 170,000 per year, the proportion of the population aged over 65 would reduce by 3.1 per cent. As of 2007 during the leadership of John Howard, the net migration rate was 160,000 per year.[57]

text: According to the Commonwealth Treasury, immigration can reduce the average age of the Australian population: "The level of net overseas migration is important: net inflows of migrants to Australia reduce the rate of population ageing because migrants are younger on average than the resident population. Currently, around 85 per cent of migrants are aged under 40 when they migrate to Australia, compared to around 55 per cent for the resident population."[58] Ross Gittins, an economics columnist at Fairfax Media, has said that the Government's focus on skilled migration has in fact reduced the average age of migrants. "More than half are aged 15 to 34, compared with 28 per cent of our population. Only 2 per cent of permanent immigrants are 65 or older, compared with 13 per cent of our population."[59] Because of these statistics, Gittens claims that immigration is slowing the ageing of the Australian population and that the "net benefit to the economy is a lot more clear-cut."

text: Robert Birrell, director of the Centre for Population and Urban Research at Monash University, has argued: "It is true that a net migration intake averaging around 180,000 per year will mean that the proportion of persons aged 65 plus to the total population will be a few percentage points lower in 2050 than it would be with a low migration intake. But this ‘gain’ would be bought at the expense of having to accommodate a much larger population. These people too, will age, thus requiring an even larger migration intake in subsequent years to look after them."[60]

text: In July 2005 the Productivity Commission launched a commissioned study entitled Economic Impacts of Migration and Population Growth,[61] and released an initial position paper on 17 January 2006[62] which states that the increase of income per capita provided by higher migration (50 percent more than the base model) by the 2024–2025 financial year would be $335 (0.6%), an amount described as "very small." The paper also found that Australians would on average work 1.3 percent longer hours, about twice the proportional increase in income.[63]

text: Using regression analysis, Addison and Worswick found in a 2002 study that "there is no evidence that immigration has negatively impacted on the wages of young or low-skilled natives." Furthermore, Addison's study found that immigration did not increase unemployment among native workers. Rather, immigration decreased unemployment.[64] However, in 2005 the Productivity Commission concluded that higher immigration levels would result in lower wage growth for existing Australian residents.[65] On the impact of immigration on unemployment levels, the Commission said: "The conclusion that immigration has not caused unemployment at an aggregate level does not imply that it cannot lead to higher unemployment for specific groups. Immigration could worsen the labour market outcomes of people who work in sectors of the economy that have high concentrations of immigrant workers."

text: Gittins claims there is considerable opposition to immigration in Australia by "battlers" because of the belief that immigrants will steal jobs. Gittins claims though that "it's true that immigrants add to the supply of labour. But it's equally true that, by consuming and bringing families who consume, they also add to the demand for labour – usually by more."[59] Overall, Gittins has written that the "economic case for rapid population growth though immigration is surprisingly weak," noting the diseconomies of scale, infrastructure costs and negative environmental impacts associated with continued immigration-driven population growth.[66]

text: Robert Birrell has asserted that high immigration levels are being used by the Federal Government to stimulate aggregate economic growth, but that per capita growth is more important to Australians.[60] Birrell concluded that high migration does not benefit existing residents, because it dilutes the benefit that can accrue from the export of non-renewable resources which form a large part of the Australian economy. As well, Birrell argues that a slowdown in labour force growth would require employers to pay greater attention to training, wages and conditions of workers.[60]

text: Social cohesion[edit]

text: Robert Birrell has argued that immigration is creating social divisions and risks long-term national unity.[60] Anthropologist and ethologist Frank Salter has argued that immigration is creating "ethnic stratification" in Australian society.[67]

text: Politics and public debate[edit]

text: Over the last decade, leaders of the major Federal political parties have demonstrated support for high level immigration (including John Howard, Peter Costello and Kim Beazley[68][68]). There was, overall, an upward trend in the number of immigrants to Australia over the period of the Howard Government (1996–2007). The Rudd Labor Government (elected 2007) increased the quota again once in office.[69] In 2010, both major parties continue to support high immigration, with former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd advocating a 'Big Australia'; and Opposition Leader Tony Abbott stating in a 2010 Australia Day speech that: "My instinct is to extend to as many people as possible the freedom and benefits of life in Australia".[70][71]

text: In 2003, economist Ross Gittins, a columnist at Fairfax Media, said former Prime Minister John Howard had been "a tricky chap " on immigration, by appearing "tough" on illegal immigration to win support from the working class, while simultaneously winning support from employers with high legal immigration.[72] In 2006, the Labor Party under Kim Beazley took a stance against the importation of increasingly large numbers of temporary skilled migrant workers by employers, arguing that this is simply a way for employers to drive down wages.[68]

text: Anti-immigration policies are a major part of the One Nation Party, formed by Pauline Hanson in the late 1990s.

text: Australia's policies concerning refugees and asylum have also been highly controversial and the subject of much debate.


document_title: Blood pressure

question_text: a medical term that means decrease in blood pressure is

root

text: Blood pressure

text: Classification[edit]

text: Systemic arterial pressure[edit]

text:
Classification of blood pressure for adults[3][4][5]

Category
systolic, mmHg
diastolic, mmHg

Hypotension

< 90

< 60

Desired

90–119

90–129[5]

60–79

60–84[5]

Prehypertension (high normal)

120–139

130–139[5]

80–89

85–89[5]

Stage 1 hypertension

140–159

90–99

Stage 2 hypertension

160–179

100–109

Hypertensive urgency

≥ 180

≥ 110

Isolated systolic hypertension

≥ 160

< 90

text: The risk of cardiovascular disease increases progressively above 115/75 mmHg.[6] In practice blood pressure is considered too low only if noticeable symptoms are present.[4]

tag: p

text: Observational studies demonstrate that people who maintain arterial pressures at the low end of these pressure ranges have much better long term cardiovascular health. There is an ongoing medical debate over what is the optimal level of blood pressure to target when using drugs to lower blood pressure with hypertension, particularly in older people.[7]

text: The table shows the classification of blood pressure adopted by the American Heart Association for adults who are 18 years and older.[3] It assumes the values are a result of averaging resting blood pressure readings measured at two or more visits to the doctor.[8][9]

text: In the UK, clinic blood pressures are usually categorized into three groups; low (90/60 or lower), normal (between 90/60 and 139/89), and high (140/90 or higher).[10][11]

text: Blood pressure fluctuates from minute to minute and normally shows a circadian rhythm over a 24-hour period, with highest readings in the early morning and evenings and lowest readings at night.[12][13] Loss of the normal fall in blood pressure at night is associated with a greater future risk of cardiovascular disease and there is evidence that night-time blood pressure is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than day-time blood pressure.[14] Also, an individual's blood pressure varies with exercise, emotional reactions, sleep, digestion and time of day (circadian rhythm).

text: Various other factors, such as age and sex, also influence a person's blood pressure. In children, the normal ranges are lower than for adults and depend on height.[15] Reference blood pressure values have been developed for children in different countries, based on the distribution of blood pressure in children of these countries.[16] As adults age, systolic pressure tends to rise and diastolic pressure tends to fall.[17] Consequently, in the elderly, systolic blood pressure often exceeds the normal adult range,[18] this is thought to be due to increased stiffness of the arteries.[19]

text: Differences between left and right arm blood pressure measurements tend to be small. However, occasionally there is a consistent difference greater than 10 mmHg which may need further investigation, e.g. for obstructive arterial disease.[20][21]

text:
Reference ranges for blood pressure in children[22]

Stage
Approximate age
Systolic
Diastolic

Infants
1 to 12 months
75–100
50–70

Toddlers and preschoolers
1 to 5 years
80–110
50–80

School age
6 to 12 years
85–120
50–80

Adolescents
13 to 18 years
95–140
60–90

text: Mean arterial pressure[edit]

text: The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average over a cardiac cycle and is determined by the cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and central venous pressure (CVP):[23]

text: In practice the contribution of CVP (which is small) is generally ignored and so

text:
MAP can be estimated from measurements of the systolic pressure

P

sys

{\displaystyle \!P_{\text{sys}}}

  and the diastolic pressure

P

dias

{\displaystyle \!P_{\text{dias}}}

 [23]

text: Pulse pressure[edit]

text: The pulse pressure is the difference between the measured systolic and diastolic pressures,[24]

text: The up and down fluctuation of the arterial pressure results from the pulsatile nature of the cardiac output, i.e. the heartbeat. Pulse pressure is determined by the interaction of the stroke volume of the heart, the compliance (ability to expand) of the arterial system—largely attributable to the aorta and large elastic arteries—and the resistance to flow in the arterial tree. By expanding under pressure, the aorta absorbs some of the force of the blood surge from the heart during a heartbeat. In this way, the pulse pressure is reduced from what it would be if the aorta were not compliant.[24] The loss of arterial compliance that occurs with aging explains the elevated pulse pressures found in elderly patients.

text: Systemic venous pressure[edit]

text:
Site
Normal
pressure range
(in mmHg)[25]

Central venous pressure
3–8

Right ventricular pressure
systolic
15–30

diastolic
3–8

Pulmonary artery pressure
systolic
15–30

diastolic
4–12

Pulmonary vein/
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

2–15

Left ventricular pressure
systolic
100–140

diastolic
3-12

text: Blood pressure generally refers to the arterial pressure in the systemic circulation. However, measurement of pressures in the venous system and the pulmonary vessels plays an important role in intensive care medicine but requires invasive measurement of pressure using a catheter.

text: Venous pressure is the vascular pressure in a vein or in the atria of the heart. It is much less than arterial pressure, with common values of 5 mmHg in the right atrium and 8 mmHg in the left atrium.

text: Variants of venous pressure include:

text:
Central venous pressure, which is a good approximation of right atrial pressure,[26] which is a major determinant of right ventricular end diastolic volume. (However, there can be exceptions in some cases.)[27]
The jugular venous pressure (JVP) is the indirectly observed pressure over the venous system. It can be useful in the differentiation of different forms of heart and lung disease.
The portal venous pressure is the blood pressure in the portal vein. It is normally 5–10 mmHg[28]

tag: ul

text: Pulmonary pressure[edit]

text: Normally, the pressure in the pulmonary artery is about 15 mmHg at rest.[29]

text: Increased blood pressure in the capillaries of the lung cause pulmonary hypertension, leading to interstitial edema if the pressure increases to above 20 mmHg, and to pulmonary edema at pressures above 25 mmHg.[30]

text: Disorders[edit]

text: Disorders of blood pressure control include: high blood pressure, low blood pressure, and blood pressure that shows excessive or maladaptive fluctuation.

text: High[edit]

text: Arterial hypertension can be an indicator of other problems and may have long-term adverse effects. Sometimes it can be an acute problem, for example hypertensive emergency.

text: Levels of arterial pressure put mechanical stress on the arterial walls. Higher pressures increase heart workload and progression of unhealthy tissue growth (atheroma) that develops within the walls of arteries. The higher the pressure, the more stress that is present and the more atheroma tend to progress and the heart muscle tends to thicken, enlarge and become weaker over time.

text: Persistent hypertension is one of the risk factors for strokes, heart attacks, heart failure and arterial aneurysms, and is the leading cause of chronic kidney failure. Even moderate elevation of arterial pressure leads to shortened life expectancy. At severely high pressures, mean arterial pressures 50% or more above average, a person can expect to live no more than a few years unless appropriately treated.[31]

text: In the past, most attention was paid to diastolic pressure; but nowadays it is recognised that both high systolic pressure and high pulse pressure (the numerical difference between systolic and diastolic pressures) are also risk factors. In some cases, it appears that a decrease in excessive diastolic pressure can actually increase risk, due probably to the increased difference between systolic and diastolic pressures (see the article on pulse pressure). If systolic blood pressure is elevated (>140 mmHg) with a normal diastolic blood pressure (<90 mmHg), it is called "isolated systolic hypertension" and may present a health concern.[32][33]

text: For those with heart valve regurgitation, a change in its severity may be associated with a change in diastolic pressure. In a study of people with heart valve regurgitation that compared measurements 2 weeks apart for each person, there was an increased severity of aortic and mitral regurgitation when diastolic blood pressure increased, whereas when diastolic blood pressure decreased, there was a decreased severity.[34]

text: Low[edit]

text: Blood pressure that is too low is known as hypotension. Hypotension is a medical concern if it causes signs or symptoms, such as dizziness, fainting, or in extreme cases, shock.[9]

text: When arterial pressure and blood flow decrease beyond a certain point, the perfusion of the brain becomes critically decreased (i.e., the blood supply is not sufficient), causing lightheadedness, dizziness, weakness or fainting.[35]

text: Sometimes the arterial pressure drops significantly when a patient stands up from sitting. This is known as orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension); gravity reduces the rate of blood return from the body veins below the heart back to the heart, thus reducing stroke volume and cardiac output.[citation needed]

text: When people are healthy, the veins below their heart quickly constrict and the heart rate increases to minimize and compensate for the gravity effect. This is carried out involuntarily by the autonomic nervous system. The system usually requires a few seconds to fully adjust and if the compensations are too slow or inadequate, the individual will suffer reduced blood flow to the brain, dizziness and potential blackout. Increases in G-loading, such as routinely experienced by aerobatic or combat pilots 'pulling Gs', greatly increases this effect. Repositioning the body horizontally largely eliminates the problem.[citation needed]

text: Other causes of low arterial pressure include:[citation needed]

text:
Sepsis
Hemorrhage – blood loss
Toxins including toxic doses of blood pressure medicine
Hormonal abnormalities, such as Addison's disease
Eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa and bulimia

text: Shock is a complex condition which leads to critically decreased perfusion. The usual mechanisms are loss of blood volume, pooling of blood within the veins reducing adequate return to the heart and/or low effective heart pumping. Low arterial pressure, especially low pulse pressure, is a sign of shock and contributes to and reflects decreased perfusion.

text: If there is a significant difference in the pressure from one arm to the other, that may indicate a narrowing (for example, due to aortic coarctation, aortic dissection, thrombosis or embolism) of an artery.[citation needed]

text: Fluctuating blood pressure[edit]

text: Normal fluctuation in blood pressure is adaptive and necessary. Fluctuations in pressure that are significantly greater than the norm are associated with greater white matter hyperintensity, a finding consistent with reduced local cerebral blood flow[36] and a heightened risk of cerebrovascular disease.[37] Within both high and low blood pressure groups, a greater degree of fluctuation was found to correlate with an increase in cerebrovascular disease compared to those with less variability, suggesting the consideration of the clinical management of blood pressure fluctuations, even among normotensive older adults.[37] Older individuals and those who had received blood pressure medications were more likely to exhibit larger fluctuations in pressure.[37]

text: Physiology[edit]

text: During each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure.[38] The blood pressure in the circulation is principally due to the pumping action of the heart.[39] Differences in mean blood pressure are responsible for blood flow from one location to another in the circulation. The rate of mean blood flow depends on both blood pressure and the resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels. Mean blood pressure decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through arteries and capillaries due to viscous losses of energy. Mean blood pressure drops over the whole circulation, although most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and arterioles.[40] Gravity affects blood pressure via hydrostatic forces (e.g., during standing), and valves in veins, breathing, and pumping from contraction of skeletal muscles also influence blood pressure in veins.[39]

text: Hemodynamics[edit]

text: Most influences on blood pressure can be understood in terms of their effect on cardiac output and resistance (the determinants of mean arterial pressure).[41]

text: Some factors are:

text:
Blood volume: the greater the blood volume, the higher the cardiac output. There is some relationship between dietary salt intake and increased blood volume, potentially resulting in higher arterial pressure, though this varies with the individual and is highly dependent on autonomic nervous system response and the renin–angiotensin system.[42][43][44]
Cardiac output: the pumping action of the heart is ultimately responsible for blood pressure. Increases or decreases in cardiac output can result in increases or decreases respectively in blood pressure.[45]
Systemic vascular resistance: the higher the resistance to blood flow, the higher the arterial pressure upstream needs to be to maintain flow. In simple terms, resistance is related to vessel radius by the Hagen-Poiseuille's equation (resistance∝1/radius4, so the smaller the radius, the very much higher the resistance). Other physical factors that affect resistance include: vessel length (the longer the vessel, the higher the resistance), blood viscosity (the higher the viscosity, the higher the resistance)[46] and the presence of an arterial stenosis (a narrow stenosis increases resistance to flow, however this increase in resistance rarely if ever increases systemic blood pressure, it decreases downstream flow).[47] Substances called vasoconstrictors can reduce the calibre of blood vessels, thereby increasing blood pressure. Vasodilators (such as nitroglycerin) increase the calibre of blood vessels, thereby decreasing arterial pressure.

text: In practice, each individual's autonomic nervous system and other systems regulating blood pressure respond to and regulate all these factors so that, although the above issues are important, they rarely act in isolation and the actual arterial pressure response of a given individual can vary widely in the short and long-term.

text: Regulation[edit]

text: The endogenous regulation of arterial pressure is not completely understood, but the following mechanisms of regulating arterial pressure have been well-characterized:

text:
Baroreceptor reflex: Baroreceptors in the high pressure receptor zones detect changes in arterial pressure. These baroreceptors send signals ultimately to the medulla of the brain stem, specifically to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). The medulla, by way of the autonomic nervous system, adjusts the mean arterial pressure by altering both the force and speed of the heart's contractions, as well as the systemic vascular resistance. The most important arterial baroreceptors are located in the left and right carotid sinuses and in the aortic arch.[48]
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS): This system is generally known for its long-term adjustment of arterial pressure. This system allows the kidney to compensate for loss in blood volume or drops in arterial pressure by activating an endogenous vasoconstrictor known as angiotensin II.
Aldosterone release: This steroid hormone is released from the adrenal cortex in response to angiotensin II or high serum potassium levels. Aldosterone stimulates sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys. Since sodium is the main ion that determines the amount of fluid in the blood vessels by osmosis, aldosterone will increase fluid retention, and indirectly, arterial pressure.
Baroreceptors in low pressure receptor zones (mainly in the venae cavae and the pulmonary veins, and in the atria) result in feedback by regulating the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH/Vasopressin), renin and aldosterone. The resultant increase in blood volume results in an increased cardiac output by the Frank–Starling law of the heart, in turn increasing arterial blood pressure.

text: These different mechanisms are not necessarily independent of each other, as indicated by the link between the RAS and aldosterone release. When blood pressure falls many physiological cascades commence in order to return the blood pressure to a more appropriate level.

text:
The blood pressure fall is detected by a decrease in blood flow and thus a decrease in Glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Decrease in GFR is sensed as a decrease in Na+ levels by the macula densa.
The macula densa cause an increase in Na+ reabsorption, which causes water to follow in via osmosis and leads to an ultimate increase in plasma volume. Further, the macula densa releases adenosine which causes constriction of the afferent arterioles.
At the same time, the juxtaglomerular cells sense the decrease in blood pressure and release renin.
Renin converts angiotensinogen (inactive form) to angiotensin I (active form).
Angiotensin I flows in the bloodstream until it reaches the capillaries of the lungs where angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) acts on it to convert it into angiotensin II.
Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor which will increase bloodflow to the heart and subsequently the preload, ultimately increasing the cardiac output.
Angiotensin II also causes an increase in the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands.
Aldosterone further increases the Na+ and H2O reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron.

text: Currently, the RAS is targeted pharmacologically by ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. The aldosterone system is directly targeted by spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist. The fluid retention may be targeted by diuretics; the antihypertensive effect of diuretics is due to its effect on blood volume. Generally, the baroreceptor reflex is not targeted in hypertension because if blocked, individuals may suffer from orthostatic hypotension and fainting.

text: Measurement[edit]

text: Arterial pressure is most commonly measured via a sphygmomanometer, which historically used the height of a column of mercury to reflect the circulating pressure.[49] The most common automated blood pressure measurement technique is based on the so-called "oscillometric" method.[50] Blood pressure values are generally reported in millimetres of mercury (mmHg), though aneroid and electronic devices do not contain mercury.

text: For each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between systolic and diastolic pressures. Systolic pressure is peak pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting. Diastolic pressure is minimum pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filled with blood. An example of normal measured values for a resting, healthy adult human is 120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic (written as 120/80 mmHg, and spoken as "one-twenty over eighty").

text: Systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures are not static but undergo natural variations from one heartbeat to another and throughout the day (in a circadian rhythm). They also change in response to stress, nutritional factors, drugs, disease, exercise, and momentarily from standing up. Sometimes the variations are large. Hypertension refers to arterial pressure being abnormally high, as opposed to hypotension, when it is abnormally low. Along with body temperature, respiratory rate, and pulse rate, blood pressure is one of the four main vital signs routinely monitored by medical professionals and healthcare providers.[51]

text: Measuring pressure invasively, by penetrating the arterial wall to take the measurement, is much less common and usually restricted to a hospital setting.

text: Fetal blood pressure[edit]

text: In pregnancy, it is the fetal heart and not the mother's heart that builds up the fetal blood pressure to drive blood through the fetal circulation. The blood pressure in the fetal aorta is approximately 30 mmHg at 20 weeks of gestation, and increases to approximately 45 mmHg at 40 weeks of gestation.[52]

text: The average blood pressure for full-term infants:[53]

text:
Systolic 65–95 mmHg
Diastolic 30–60 mmHg


document_title: Winnie-the-Pooh

question_text: when was the first winnie the pooh movie made

text: Winnie-the-Pooh

text: History

text: Origin

text: A. A. Milne named the character Winnie-the-Pooh after a teddy bear owned by his son, Christopher Robin Milne, who was the basis for the character Christopher Robin. The rest of Christopher Robin Milne's toys, Piglet, Eeyore, Kanga, Roo and Tigger, were incorporated into Milne's stories.[2][3] Two more characters, Owl and Rabbit, were created by Milne's imagination, while Gopher was added to the Disney version. Christopher Robin's toy bear is on display at the Main Branch of the New York Public Library in New York City.[4]

text: Christopher Milne had named his toy bear after Winnie, a Canadian black bear he often saw at London Zoo, and "Pooh", a swan they had met while on holiday. The bear cub was purchased from a hunter for $20 by Canadian Lieutenant Harry Colebourn in White River, Ontario, Canada, while en route to England during the First World War.[5] He named the bear "Winnie" after his adopted hometown in Winnipeg, Manitoba. "Winnie" was surreptitiously brought to England with her owner, and gained unofficial recognition as The Fort Garry Horse regimental mascot. Colebourn left Winnie at the London Zoo while he and his unit were in France; after the war she was officially donated to the zoo, as she had become a much loved attraction there.[6] Pooh the swan appears as a character in its own right in When We Were Very Young.

text: In the first chapter of Winnie-the-Pooh, Milne offers this explanation of why Winnie-the-Pooh is often called simply "Pooh":

text: But his arms were so stiff ... they stayed up straight in the air for more than a week, and whenever a fly came and settled on his nose he had to blow it off. And I think – but I am not sure – that that is why he is always called Pooh.

text: Ashdown Forest: the setting for the stories

text: The Winnie-the-Pooh stories are set in Ashdown Forest, East Sussex, England. The forest is a large area of tranquil open heathland on the highest sandy ridges of the High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty situated 30 miles (50 km) south of London. In 1925 Milne, a Londoner, bought a country home a mile to the north of the forest at Cotchford Farm, near Hartfield. According to Christopher Milne, while his father continued to live in London "...the four of us—he, his wife, his son and his son's nanny—would pile into a large blue, chauffeur-driven Fiat and travel down every Saturday morning and back again every Monday afternoon. And we would spend a whole glorious month there in the spring and two months in the summer."[7] From the front lawn the family had a view across a meadow to a line of alders that fringed the River Medway, beyond which the ground rose through more trees until finally "above them, in the faraway distance, crowning the view, was a bare hilltop. In the centre of this hilltop was a clump of pines." Most of his father's visits to the forest at this time were, he noted, family expeditions on foot "to make yet another attempt to count the pine trees on Gill's Lap or to search for the marsh gentian". Christopher added that, inspired by Ashdown Forest, his father had made it "the setting for two of his books, finishing the second little over three years after his arrival".[8]

text: Many locations in the stories can be linked to real places in and around the forest. As Christopher Milne wrote in his autobiography: "Pooh’s forest and Ashdown Forest are identical". For example, the fictional "Hundred Acre Wood" was in reality Five Hundred Acre Wood; Galleon's Leap was inspired by the prominent hilltop of Gill's Lap, while a clump of trees just north of Gill's Lap became Christopher Robin's The Enchanted Place because no-one had ever been able to count whether there were sixty-three or sixty-four trees in the circle.[9]

text: The landscapes depicted in E. H. Shepard's illustrations for the Winnie-the-Pooh books were directly inspired by the distinctive landscape of Ashdown Forest, with its high, open heathlands of heather, gorse, bracken and silver birch punctuated by hilltop clumps of pine trees. Many of Shepard's illustrations can be matched to actual views, allowing for a degree of artistic licence. Shepard's sketches of pine trees and other forest scenes are held at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.[10]

text: The game of Poohsticks was originally played by Christopher Milne on a footbridge across a tributary of the River Medway in Posingford Wood, close to Cotchford Farm. The wooden bridge is now a tourist attraction, and it has become traditional to play the game there using sticks gathered in nearby woodland.[11][12] When the footbridge recently had to be replaced, the engineer designed a new structure based closely on the drawings of the bridge by Shepard in the books, which were somewhat different than the original structure.

text: First publication

text: Christopher Robin's teddy bear, Edward, made his character début in A. A. Milne's poem, "Teddy Bear", in the 13 February 1924 edition of Punch, and the same poem was published in Milne's book of children's verse When We Were Very Young (6 November 1924).[13] Winnie-the-Pooh first appeared by name on 24 December 1925, in a Christmas story commissioned and published by the London newspaper The Evening News. It was illustrated by J. H. Dowd.[14]

text: The first collection of Pooh stories appeared in the book Winnie-the-Pooh. The Evening News Christmas story reappeared as the first chapter of the book. At the beginning, it explained that Pooh was in fact Christopher Robin's Edward Bear, who had been renamed by the boy. He was renamed after a black bear at London Zoo called Winnie who got her name from the fact that her owner had come from Winnipeg, Canada. The book was published in October 1926 by the publisher of Milne's earlier children's work, Methuen, in England, and E. P. Dutton in the United States.[15]

text: Character

text: In the Milne books, Pooh is naive and slow-witted, but he is also friendly, thoughtful, and steadfast. Although he and his friends agree that he "has no Brain", Pooh is occasionally acknowledged to have a clever idea, usually driven by common sense. These include riding in Christopher Robin's umbrella to rescue Piglet from a flood, discovering "the North Pole" by picking it up to help fish Roo out of the river, inventing the game of Poohsticks, and getting Eeyore out of the river by dropping a large rock on one side of him to wash him towards the bank.

text: Pooh is also a talented poet, and the stories are frequently punctuated by his poems and "hums." Although he is humble about his slow-wittedness, he is comfortable with his creative gifts. When Owl's house blows down in a storm, trapping Pooh and Piglet and Owl inside, Pooh encourages Piglet (the only one small enough to do so) to escape and rescue them all by promising that "a respectful Pooh song" will be written about Piglet's feat. Later, Pooh muses about the creative process as he composes the song.

text: Pooh is very fond of food, especially "hunny" but also condensed milk and other items. When he visits friends, his desire to be offered a snack is in conflict with the impoliteness of asking too directly. Though intending to give Eeyore a pot of honey for his birthday, Pooh cannot resist eating the honey on his way to deliver the present, and so instead gives Eeyore "a useful pot to put things in". When he and Piglet are lost in the forest during Rabbit's attempt to "unbounce" Tigger, Pooh finds his way home by following the "call" of the honeypots from his house. Pooh makes it a habit to have "a little something" around eleven o'clock in the morning. As the clock in his house "stopped at five minutes to eleven some weeks ago," any time can be Pooh's snack time.

text: Pooh is very social. After Christopher Robin, his closest friend is Piglet, and he most often chooses to spend his time with one or both of them. But he also habitually visits the other animals, often looking for a snack or an audience for his poetry as much as for companionship. His kind-heartedness means he goes out of his way to be friendly to Eeyore, visiting him and bringing him a birthday present and building him a house, despite receiving mostly disdain from Eeyore in return.

text: Sequel

text: An authorised sequel Return to the Hundred Acre Wood was published on 5 October 2009. The author, David Benedictus, has developed, but not changed, Milne's characterisations. The illustrations, by Mark Burgess, are in the style of Shepard.[16]

text: Another authorised sequel, The Best Bear in All the World, was published by Egmont in 2016. The sequel consists of four short stories by four leading children's authors, Kate Saunders, Brian Sibley, Paul Bright, and Jeanne Willis. Illustrations are by Mark Burgess.[17] The Best Bear in All The World sees the introduction of a new character, a Penguin, which was inspired by a long-lost photograph of Milne and his son Christopher with a toy penguin.[18] A further special story, Winnie-the-Pooh Meets the Queen, was published in 2016 to mark the 90th anniversary of Milne's creation and the 90th birthday of Elizabeth II. It sees Winnie the Pooh meet the Queen at Buckingham Palace.[19]

text: Stephen Slesinger

text: On 6 January 1930, Stephen Slesinger purchased U.S. and Canadian merchandising, television, recording and other trade rights to the "Winnie-the-Pooh" works from Milne for a $1000 advance and 66% of Slesinger's income, creating the modern licensing industry. By November 1931, Pooh was a $50 million-a-year business.[20] Slesinger marketed Pooh and his friends for more than 30 years, creating the first Pooh doll, record, board game, puzzle, US radio broadcast (NBC), animation, and motion picture film.[21]

text: Red Shirt Pooh

text: The first time Pooh and his friends appeared in colour was 1932, when he was drawn by Slesinger in his now-familiar red shirt and featured on an RCA Victor picture record. Parker Brothers also introduced A. A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh Game in 1933, again with Pooh in his red shirt. In the 1940s, Agnes Brush created the first plush dolls with Pooh in his red shirt. Shepard had drawn Pooh with a shirt as early as the first Winnie-The-Pooh book, which was subsequently coloured red in later coloured editions.

text: Disney ownership era (1966–present)

text: After Slesinger's death in 1953, his wife, Shirley Slesinger Lasswell, continued developing the character herself. In 1961, she licensed rights to Walt Disney Productions in exchange for royalties in the first of two agreements between Stephen Slesinger, Inc. and Disney.[22] The same year, A. A. Milne's widow, Daphne Milne, also licensed certain rights, including motion picture rights, to Disney.

text: Since 1966, Disney has released numerous animated productions starring Winnie the Pooh and related characters. These have included theatrical featurettes, television series, and direct-to-video films, as well as the theatrical feature-length films The Tigger Movie, Piglet's Big Movie, Pooh's Heffalump Movie, and Winnie the Pooh.

text: Merchandising revenue dispute

text: Pooh videos, soft toys, and other merchandise generate substantial annual revenues for Disney. The size of Pooh stuffed toys ranges from Beanie and miniature to human-sized. In addition to the stylised Disney Pooh, Disney markets Classic Pooh merchandise which more closely resembles E.H. Shepard’s illustrations.

text: In 1991, Stephen Slesinger, Inc. filed a lawsuit against Disney which alleged that Disney had breached their 1983 agreement by again failing to accurately report revenue from Winnie the Pooh sales. Under this agreement, Disney was to retain approximately 98% of gross worldwide revenues while the remaining 2% was to be paid to Slesinger. In addition, the suit alleged that Disney had failed to pay required royalties on all commercial exploitation of the product name.[23] Though the Disney corporation was sanctioned by a judge for destroying forty boxes of evidential documents,[24] the suit was later terminated by another judge when it was discovered that Slesinger's investigator had rummaged through Disney's garbage in order to retrieve the discarded evidence.[25] Slesinger appealed the termination, and on 26 September 2007, a three-judge panel upheld the lawsuit dismissal.[26]

text: After the Copyright Term Extension Act of 1998, Clare Milne, Christopher Milne's daughter, attempted to terminate any future U.S. copyrights for Stephen Slesinger, Inc.[27] After a series of legal hearings, Judge Florence-Marie Cooper of the US District Court in California found in favour of Stephen Slesinger, Inc., as did the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. On 26 June 2006, the U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear the case, sustaining the ruling and ensuring the defeat of the suit.[28]

text: On 19 February 2007 Disney lost a court case in Los Angeles which ruled their "misguided claims" to dispute the licensing agreements with Slesinger, Inc. were unjustified,[29] but a federal ruling of 28 September 2009, again from Judge Florence-Marie Cooper, determined that the Slesinger family had granted all trademark and copyright rights to Disney, although Disney must pay royalties for all future use of the characters. Both parties have expressed satisfaction with the outcome.[30][31]

text: Adaptations

text: Theatre

text:
Winnie-the-Pooh at the Guild Theater | Sue Hastings Marionettes, 1931[32]
Winnie-the-Pooh, a play in three acts | Dramatized by Kristin Sergel, Dramatic Publishing Company, 1957
Winnie-the-Pooh, a musical comedy in two acts | Lyrics by A. A. Milne and Kristin Sergel, Music by Allan Jay Friedman, Book by Kristin Sergel, Dramatic Publishing Company, 1964
A Winnie-the-Pooh Christmas Tail, In Which Winnie-the-Pooh and His Friends Help Eeyore Have a Very Merry Christmas (Or a Very Happy Birthday.) | Book, Music and Lyrics by James W. Rogers, Dramatic Publishing Company, 1977
"Bother! The Brain of Pooh" | Peter Dennis, 1986
Winnie-the-Pooh, small cast musical version | Dramatized by le Clanché du Rand, Music by Allan Jay Friedman, Lyrics by A. A. Milne and Kristin Sergel, Additional Lyrics by le Clanché du Rand, Dramatic Publishing Company, 1992

text: Audio

text: Selected Pooh stories read by Maurice Evans released on vinyl LP:

text:
Winnie-the-Pooh (consisting of three tracks: "Introducing Winnie-the-Pooh and Christopher Robin"; Pooh Goes Visiting and Gets into a Tight Place"; "Pooh and Piglet Go Hunting and Nearly Catch a Woozle") 1956
More Winnie-the-Pooh (consisting of three tracks: "Eeyore Loses a Tail"; "Piglet Meets a Heffalump"; "Eeyore Has a Birthday".)

text: In 1960 HMV recorded a dramatised version with songs (music by Harold Fraser-Simson) of two episodes from The House at Pooh Corner (Chapters 2 and 8), starring Ian Carmichael as Pooh, Denise Bryer as Christopher Robin (who also narrated), Hugh Lloyd as Tigger, Penny Morrell as Piglet, and Terry Norris as Eeyore. This was released on a 45 rpm EP.[33]

text: In the 1970s and 1980s, Carol Channing recorded Winnie the Pooh, The House at Pooh Corner and The Winnie the Pooh Songbook, with music by Don Heckman. These were released on vinyl LP and audio cassette by Caedmon Records.

text: Unabridged recordings read by Peter Dennis of the four Pooh books:

text:
When We Were Very Young
Winnie-the-Pooh
Now We Are Six
The House at Pooh Corner

text: In 1979 a double audio cassette set of "Winnie the Pooh" was produced featuring British actor Lionel Jeffries reading all characters in the stories. This was followed in 1981 by an audio cassette set of stories from "House at Pooh Corner" also read by Lionel Jeffries.[34]

text: In the 1990s, the stories were dramatised for audio by David Benedictus, with music composed, directed and played by John Gould. They were performed by a cast that included Stephen Fry as Winnie-the-Pooh, Jane Horrocks as Piglet, Geoffrey Palmer as Eeyore and Judi Dench as Kanga.[35]

text: Radio

text:
Winnie-the-Pooh was broadcast by Donald Calthrop over all BBC stations on Christmas Day, 1925.[14]
Pooh made his US radio debut on 10 November 1932, when he was broadcast to 40,000 schools by The American School of the Air, the educational division of the Columbia Broadcasting System.[36]

text: Film

text: Disney adaptations

text: Theatrical shorts

text:
1966: Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree
1968: Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day
1974: Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too
1981: Winnie the Pooh Discovers the Seasons
1983: Winnie the Pooh and a Day for Eeyore

text: Theatrical feature films

text:
1977: The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (compilation of Honey Tree, Blustery Day, and Tigger Too)
2000: The Tigger Movie
2003: Piglet's Big Movie
2005: Pooh's Heffalump Movie
2011: Winnie the Pooh

text: A live action film is in development with screenwriter Alex Ross Perry on board to write the screenplay and Marc Forster to direct. The story is planned to focus on an adult Christopher Robin returning to the Hundred Acre Wood.[37][38]

text: Soviet adaptation

text: In the Soviet Union, three Winnie-the-Pooh, (transcribed in Russian as "Vinni Pukh") (Russian language: Винни-Пух) stories were made into a celebrated trilogy[39] of short films by Soyuzmultfilm (directed by Fyodor Khitruk) from 1969 to 1972.

text:
Винни-Пух (Winnie-the-Pooh, 1969) – based on chapter 1
Винни-Пух идёт в гости (Winnie-the-Pooh Pays a Visit, 1971) – based on chapter 2
Винни-Пух и день забот (Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day, 1972) – based on chapters 4 and 6.

text: Films use Boris Zakhoder's translation of the book. Pooh was voiced by Yevgeny Leonov. Unlike the Disney adaptations, the animators did not base their depictions of the characters on Shepard's illustrations, creating a different look. The Soviet adaptations make extensive use of Milne's original text, and often bring out aspects of Milne's characters' personalities not used in the Disney adaptations.

text: Television

text: A version of Winnie The Pooh, in which the animals were played by marionettes designed, made and operated by Bil And Cora Baird, was presented on 3 October 1960, on NBC Television's The Shirley Temple Show. Pooh himself is voiced by Franz Fazakas.

text: During the 1970s the BBC children's television show Jackanory serialised the two books, which were read by Willie Rushton.[40]

text: Magical World of Winnie the Pooh (Note: These are episodes from The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh)

text: Television shows

text:
Welcome to Pooh Corner (*) (Disney Channel, 1983–1986)
Mini Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (Disney Junior, 2011-2014[41])
The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh (ABC, 1988–1991)
The Book of Pooh (*) (Disney Channel (Playhouse Disney), 2001–2003)
My Friends Tigger & Pooh (Disney Channel (Playhouse Disney), 2007–2010)

text: (*): Puppet/live-action show

text: Holiday TV specials

text:
1991: Winnie the Pooh and Christmas Too, included in A Very Merry Pooh Year
1996: Boo to You Too! Winnie the Pooh, included in Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie
1998: A Winnie the Pooh Thanksgiving, included in Seasons of Giving
1999: A Valentine for You

text: Direct-to-video shorts

text: 1990: Winnie the Pooh's ABC of Me

text: Direct-to-video features

text:
1997: Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin
1999: Seasons of Giving*
2001: The Book of Pooh: Stories from the Heart
2002: A Very Merry Pooh Year*
2004: Springtime with Roo
2005: Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie
2007: Super Sleuth Christmas Movie
2009: Tigger & Pooh and a Musical Too
2010: Super Duper Super Sleuths

text: These features integrate stories from The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh and/or holiday specials with new footage.

text: Legacy

text: Winnie the Pooh has inspired multiple texts to explain complex philosophical ideas. Benjamin Hoff used Milne's characters in The Tao of Pooh and The Te of Piglet to explain Taoism. Similarly, Frederick Crews wrote essays about the Pooh books in abstruse academic jargon in The Pooh Perplex and Postmodern Pooh to satirise a range of philosophical approaches.[42] Pooh and the Philosophers by John T. Williams uses Winnie the Pooh as a backdrop to illustrate the works of philosophers including Descartes, Kant, Plato and Nietzsche.[43]

text: One of the best known characters in British children's literature, a 2011 poll saw Winnie the Pooh voted onto the list of icons of England.[44] Forbes magazine ranked Pooh the most valuable fictional character in 2002, with merchandising products alone generating more than $5.9 billion that year.[45] In 2005, Pooh generated $6 billion, a figure surpassed by only Mickey Mouse.[46] In 2006, Pooh received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, marking the 80th birthday of Milne's creation.[46] The bear is such a popular character in Poland that a Warsaw street is named for him, Ulica Kubusia Puchatka. There is also a street named after him in Budapest (Micimackó utca).[47]

text: In music, Kenny Loggins wrote the song "House at Pooh Corner", which was originally recorded by the Nitty Gritty Dirt Band.[48] Loggins later rewrote the song as "Return to Pooh Corner", featuring on the album of the same name in 1991. In Italy, a pop band took their name from Winnie, and were titled Pooh. In Estonia there is a punk/metal band called Winny Puhh.

text: In the "sport" of Poohsticks, competitors drop sticks into a stream from a bridge and then wait to see whose stick will cross the finish line first. Though it began as a game played by Pooh and his friends in the book The House at Pooh Corner and later in the films, it has crossed over into the real world: a World Championship Poohsticks race takes place in Oxfordshire each year. Ashdown Forest in England where the Pooh stories are set is a popular tourist attraction, and includes the wooden Pooh Bridge where Pooh and Piglet invented Poohsticks.[49] The Oxford University Winnie the Pooh Society was founded by undergraduates in 1982.


document_title: Rising Star India (season 2)

question_text: who wins ticket to finale rising star 2

question_tokens: who wins ticket to finale rising star 2

text: Rising Star India (season 2)

text: Format[edit]

text: In contrast to other singing competition TV shows which feature a cast of celebrity judges, Rising Star features a cast of celebrity experts and considers the viewers at home the judges.[1] During each performance, the audience at home is able to decide in real time whether or not a contestant is sent through to the next round by using a mobile voting app.[2]

text: While the viewers at home are considered the "judges", the expert panelists also may influence the vote but with continuously decreasing percentage votes over the total public vote and not exceeding 5% of the total voting power.

text: The Auditions[edit]

text: The first round where the acts are individually called to perform. As a reportage of the announced performer is shown, viewers are invited to register for voting for that specific act. Following a countdown of three seconds, the candidate has to start performing behind a screen called "The Wall".

text: With start of performance, the voting kicks in. Registered voters have the option of voting just "Yes" or "No". Non-votes are also considered "No" votes. If an expert votes "Yes", another 5% is added to the tally of the contestant. The contestants also see random photos of voters in their favour. Faces of panelists voting "Yes" is also be shown in larger frames.

text: Once the contestant reaches 80% of "Yes" votes, the wall is raised and the contestant goes to the next round of the competition.[3]

text: The Duels[edit]

text: Contestants who make it through the auditions are paired by the judges to face off in a duel. The first contestant sings with the wall up and sets the benchmark for the second contestant. The second contestant sings with the wall down. If the second contestant betters the first contestant's vote total, the wall rises and the second contestant was through to the next round while the first contestant is eliminated; if the second contestant fails to raise the wall, the second contestant is eliminated and the first contestant goes through.

text: Series details[edit]

text: The Live Auditions[edit]

text: The Live auditions began on 20 January 2018 and went on till 4 February 2018.

text:
Episode Date
Contestant
Age (in years)
From
Song
Votes
Expert's Choices
hideResult

Shankar
Mahadevan

Monali
Thakur

Diljit
Dosanjh

Jan 20
Rohanpreet Singh
23
Patiala
Dil Diyan Gallan
95%

Advanced

Mamta Raut
31
Ranchi
Baghban
86%

Advanced

Aman Biswal
12
Bhubaneshwar
Om Namah Shivay + Albela Sajan
89%

Advanced

Debanjali Chaterjee
29
Kolkata
Har Kisi Ko
90%

Advanced

Sriprasanna Pendyalaya
21
Visakhapatnam
Sun Saathiya
94%

Advanced

Friendship Band
24-27
Lucknow
Mehbooba Mehbooba + ...
80%

Advanced

Jan 21
Dr. Sudeep Ranjan
24
Boko, Assam
Khamoshiyan
93%

Advanced

Soham & Chaitanya
10 & 12
Alandi, Pune
Dagabaaz Re
94%

Advanced

Iswari Behera
21
Sambhalpur, Odisha
Dua
77%

Eliminated

Srushti & Varsha Barlemwar
23 & 48
Nagpur
Saiyaan Dil Mein Aana Re
66%

Eliminated

Ridham Kalyan
18
Amritsar
Aaj Ibaadat
83%

Advanced

Rajnigandha Shekhawat
43
Jaipur, Rajasthan
Badrinath Ki Dulhania + Holiya Me Ude Re Gulal
74%

Eliminated

Ashwin Prabhu
22
Bengaluru
Tumse Milke Dil Ka Hai Jo Haal
89%

Advanced

Afreen Group
18-24
Jalandar
Naina Thag Lenge + Kajra Re
94%

Advanced

Jan 27
Nigam Brothers
22 & 31
Lucknow
Dil Se Re + Maa Tujhe Salaam
91%

Advanced

Prakruthi Reddy
8
Bangalore, Karnataka
Nagada Sang Dhol
67%

Eliminated

Alankar Mahtolia
23
New Delhi
Chunar
86%

Advanced

Manganiyar Fusion
21-27
Jaisalmer, Rajasthan
Saree Ke Fall Sa
90%

Advanced

Raenit Singh
23
New Delhi
Moh Moh Ke Dhaage
94%

Advanced

Raman Kapoor
27
Gurugram, Haryana
Rang De Basanti
80%

Advanced

Mohd Rehan Quraishi
28
Lucknow
Aas Paas Khuda
73%

Eliminated

Jan 28
Sindhu Wadekar
60
Maharashtra
Hansta Hua Noorani Chehra
95%

Advanced

Akhtar Brothers
21 & 23
Punjab
Sultan
93%

Advanced

Shashank Sekhar
28
Bhubaneswar
Teri Meri Kahaani
94%

Advanced

Vishnumaya Ramesh
12
Kerala
Jiya Jale
93%

Advanced

Jyoti Sharma
18
Guwahati
Parda Parda
66%

Eliminated

The Harmony Chorus
10-16
Bengaluru
Kal Ho Naa Ho + Choti Si Aasha + Taare Zameen Par
93%

Advanced

Sakshi Ratti
21
Ludhiana, Punjab
Kamli
66%

Eliminated

Sagar Mhatre
20
Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra
Dil Ki Tapish
94%

Advanced

Feb 3
Zaid Ali
10
Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh
Mere Rashke Qamar
91%

Advanced

Vishal Srivastava
34
New Delhi
Ab Tere Bin
63%

Eliminated

Arya Nandini
17
Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh
Ghoomar
91%

Advanced

Jaya Piyush
40
Mumbai
Hothon Mein Aisi Baat
92%

Advanced

Anmol Jaswal
19
Jammu
Sapnon Se Bhare Naina
76%

Eliminated

Mehrnangori Rustam
23
Tajikistan
Khatooba
74%

Eliminated

Kumar Sahil
25
Kangra, Himachal Pradesh
Ramta Jogi
78%

Eliminated

Feb 4
Chetan Brijvasi
11
Mathura
Haanikaarak Bapu
93%

Advanced

Ajay Brijvasi
14
Mathura
Dil Haara
94%

Advanced

Hosiyaar Brijvasi
16
Mathura
O saiyaan
94%

Advanced

Hemant Brijvasi
20
Mathura
Tashan Mein
94%

Advanced

Akhil Pillai
27
Alpeyi, Kerala
Bulleya
69%

Eliminated

Supriya Joshi
34
Mumbai
Gulaabo
88%

Advanced

Archit Patidia
21
Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Maduban Me Radhika Nache
94%

Advanced

text: Duels Ki Takkar[edit]

text: The top 31 scorers from the auditions moved on to the second round named 'Duels Ki Takkar' which began on 10 February 2018. The contestants who qualify from this round move on to the quarterfinals.

text: Episode 7: 10 February 2018[edit]

text: Guests: Manish Paul and Iulia Vântur

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Dr. Sudeep Ranjan
Saawariya
63%

Advanced

Ashwin Prabhu
Ae Dil Hai Mushkil
50%

Eliminated

2
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Kehna Ki Kya
93%

Advanced

Soham & Chaitanya
Khaike Paan Banaraswala
89%

Eliminated

3
Debanjali Chaterjee
Jiya Re
68%

Eliminated

Mamta Raut
Saiyyan
85%

Advanced

4
Rohanpreet Singh
Aaj Din Chadheya
92%

Advanced

Raenit Singh
Janam Janam
90%

Eliminated

text: Episode 8: 11 February 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Sukhwinder Singh

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Afreen Group
Chand Sifarish + Aaj Phir
90%

Advanced

Ajay Brijvasi
Lagan Lagi
88%

Eliminated

2
Hosiyaar Brijvasi
Darmiyaan
70%

Advanced

Raman Kapoor
Main Jahan Rahoon
48%

Eliminated

3
Supriya Joshi
Maahi Ve
60%

Eliminated

Hemant Brijvasi
Upar Khuda
94%

Advanced

4
Zaid Ali
Saiyyan
88%

Advanced

Chetan Brijvasi
Jee Karda
87%

Eliminated

text: Episode 9: 17 February 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Gurdas Mann

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Akhtar Brothers
Chaiyya Chaiyya
92%

Advanced

Nigam Brothers
Khalbali + Pathaka Guddi + Nadan
83%

Eliminated

2
Arya Nandini
Barso Re
56%

Eliminated

Alankar Mahtolia
Abhi Mujh Mein Kahin
66%

Advanced

Ridham Kalyan
Ainvayi Ainvayi
90%

Advanced

3
Sagar Mhatre
Laaga Chunari Mein Daag
75%

Advanced

Archit Patidia
Bhor Bhaye
52%

Eliminated

text: Episode 10: 18 February 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Sonakshi Sinha & Raftaar

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

rowspan="2"
%

Advanced

Manganiyar Fusion
Sawar Loon + Tere Mast Mast...
88.49%

Eliminated

2
Sriprasanna Pendyalaya
Ni Main Samajhh Gayi
72%

Eliminated

Shashank Sekhar
Muskurane
89%

Advanced

3
Jaya Piyush
Rangeela re
90%

Advanced

Friendship Band
Yamma Yamma + Shaan Se
49%..

Eliminated

4
Sindhu Wadekar
O Mungada Mungada
77%

Eliminated

Aman Biswal
Bol Do Na Zara
87%

Advanced

text: India's Favourite 16 + Duets Challenge[edit]

text: The Top 16 contestants compete in this round. Eight teams of two perform in duets. The first team perform with the wall up and set the target percentage. The next teams perform with the wall down and attempt to beat the target score. The duo with the least score move to the Red Sofa (unsafe zone). The team with the lowest score gets eliminated.

text: Episode 11: 24 February 2018

text: Guest: Richa Sharma

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Afreen Group
Billo Rani + Humka Peeni Hain
89%

Advanced

Mamta Raut

2
Rohanpreet Singh
Samjhawan
90%

Advanced

Vishnumaya Ramesh

3
Jaya Piyush
Manwa Lage
88%

Advanced

Shashank Sekhar

4
Dr. Sudeep Ranjan
Jai Ho + Roobaroo
86%

Advanced

The Harmony Chorus

5
Zaid Ali
Arziyan
92%

Advanced

Hosiyaar Brijvasi

6
Akhtar Brothers
Mast Kalandar
94%

Advanced

Hemant Brijvasi

7
Alankar Mahtolia
Dhan The Nan
54%

Eliminated

Ridham Kalyan

8
Sagar Mhatre
Tere Naina
88%

Advanced

Aman Biswal

text: Tribute to Sridevi[edit]

text: The Top 14 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated.

text: Episode 12: 3 March 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Alka Yagnik

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
The Harmony Chorus
English Vinglish + Na Jaane + Navrai Majhi
87%

Advanced

2
Mamta Raut
Morni Baaga Ma Bole
84%

Advanced

3
Rohanpreet Singh
Aye Zindagi Gale Laga Le
90%

Advanced

4
Jaya Piyush
Mere Haathon Mein
65%

Advanced

5
Hosiyaar Brijvasi
Lagi Aaj Sawan Ki
53%

Eliminated

6
Aman Biswal
Surmayee Ankhyion Mein
91%

Advanced

7
Akhtar Brothers
Mujhe Ek Pal Chain Na Aaye
90%

Advanced

text: Episode 13: 4 March 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Kavita Krishnamurthy

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Afreen Group
Naino Mein + Main Teri Dushman
85%

Advanced

2
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Hawa Hawai
93%

Advanced

3
Shashank Shekhar
Neele Neele Ambar Par
88%

Advanced

4
Zaid Ali
Tu Mujhe Kabool
90%

Advanced

5
Sagar Mhatre
Kabhi Main Kahoon Kabhi Tu
51%

Eliminated

6
Hemant Brijvasi
Meri Zindagi Ek Pyaas
93%

Advanced

7
Dr. Sudeep Ranjan
Kate Nahin Kat Te
78%

Advanced

text: Hero No. 1 (Ep14) & Salaam-E-Ishq (Ep15)[edit]

text: The Top 12 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated.

text: Episode 14: 10 March 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Govinda

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Shashank Shekhar
Main Toh Raste Se Ha Raha Tha
85%

Advanced

2
Mamta Raut
Prem Jaal
88%

Advanced

3
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Sona Kitna Sona Hai
88%

Advanced

4
Afreen Group
UP Wala Thumka + Suno Sasur Ji
87%

Advanced

5
Hemant Brijvasi
Kaha Raja Bhoj Kaha Gangu Teli
93%

Advanced

6
Aman Biswal
Kisi Disco Mein Jaaye
83%

Eliminated

text: Episode 15: 11 March 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Tiger Shroff and Disha Patani

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Rohanpreet Singh
Channa Mereya
92%

Advanced

2
Jaya Piyush
O Mere Sona Re Sona Re
84%

Advanced

3
Akhtar Brothers
Mera Yaar
90%

Advanced

4
Zaid Ali
Main Nikla Gaddi Leke
94%

Advanced

5
The Harmony Chorus
Mere Mehboob + Maahi Ve + Mehndi
83%

Advanced

6
Dr. Sudeep Ranjan
I Love You
54%

Eliminated

text: Guru Sishya (Ep16) & Bachpan Ke Suhane Din (Ep17)[edit]

text: Wild Card Twist: Some of the eliminated contestants were brought back for another chance. Raenit Singh, Aman Biswal & Chetan Brijvasi.

text: Episode 16: 17 March 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Rani Mukerji

text: WILD CARD

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Chetan Brijvasi
Baawre
83%

Won Re-entry

2
Raenit Singh
Kurbaan Hua
84%

Won Re-entry

3
Aman Biswal
Bijuria
79%

Couldn't make a come-back

text: Top 12

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Mamta Raut
Aga Bai
86.96%

Advanced

2
The Harmony Chorus
O Humdum Sonio Re + Dhakka Laga Mukka
86.86%

Advanced

3
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Chupske Se
91%

Advanced

4
Jaya Piyush
Hum Tum
75%

Eliminated

5
Akhtar Brothers
Jiya Lage Na
91%

Advanced

text: Episode 17: 18 March 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Shaan & Manish Paul

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Zaid Ali
Piya Haji Ali
93%

Advanced

2
Rohanpreet Singh
Layi Vi Na Gayi
90%

Advanced

3
Shashank Shekhar
Hamari Adhuri Kahani
65%

Eliminated

4
Chetan Brijvasi
Dus Bahane
83%

Advanced

5
Raenit Singh
Jab Se Tere Naina
74%

Advanced

6
Afreen Group
Tharki Chokro
88%

Advanced

7
Hemant Brijvasi
Slow Motion Angreza
94%

Advanced

text: Rekha Special[edit]

text: The Top 10 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated.

text: Episode 18: 24 March 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Rekha

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Dil Cheez Kya Hai
91%

Advanced

2
Rohanpreet Singh
Rafta Rafta
88.95%

Advanced

3
Zaid Ali
Agar Tum Na Hote
88.78%

Advanced

4
Mamta Raut
Ho Pardesia
75%

Eliminated

5
The Harmony Chorus
Kaisi Paheli Zindagani
83%

Advanced

text: Episode 19: 25 March 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Season One Contestants

text:
Order
Contestant
Season 1 Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Akhtar Brothers
Diljot Qawwali Group (8th Place)
Aaya Tere Dar Par Deewana
90%

Advanced

2
Chetan Brijvasi
Bannet Dosanjh (Winner)
Dard-e-Disco & Swag Se Swagat
88%

Advanced

3
Hemant Brijvasi
Maithili Thakur (Runner-up)
Mere Dholna
93%

Advanced

4
Raenit Singh
Ameya Date (6th Place)
Zaalima
83%

Eliminated

5
Afreen Group
Afsana Khan (7th Place)
Ghagra & Kajra Mohabbat Wala
86%

Advanced

text: Top 8[edit]

text: The Top 8 contestants compete in this round. As the round progresses, the contestant who receives less votes at that point of the competition moves to the Red Sofa. At the end of the episode, the contestant who sits on the Red Sofa gets eliminated.

text: Episode 20: 31 March 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Udit Narayan

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Rohanpreet Singh
Pehla Nasha
90%

Advanced

2
The Harmony Chorus
Gun Gun Guna + Ghanan Ghanan
75%

Eliminated

3
Chetan Brijvasi
Tatad Tatad
83%

Advanced

4
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Kuhu Kuhu Bole Koyalia
88%

Advanced

5
Akhtar Brothers
Kawa Kawa
87%

Advanced

6
Zaid Ali
Laal Ishq
89%

Advanced

7
Hemant Brijvasi
Satrangi Re
92%

Advanced

8
Afreen Group
Tu Cheej Badi Hai + Koi Jaane Koi Na Jaane
80%

Advanced

text: Episode 21: 1 April 2018[edit]

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Bhare Naina
90%

Advanced

2
Chetan Brijwasi
Malhari
58%

Advanced

3
Rohanpreet Singh
Bol Na Halke Halke
92%

Advanced

4
Zaid Ali
Maula Mere Lele Meri Jaan
91%

Advanced

5
Hemant Brijwasi
Rut Aa Gayi Re
89%

Advanced

6
Akhtar Brothers
Deva Shree Ganesha
88%

Advanced

7
Afreen Group
Afreen Afreen
53%

Eliminated

text: Ticket To Finale[edit]

text: The contestants compete to earn a direct entry to the finale week. In each episode, the contestant sitting on Golden Sofa (the contestant with the highest score) will move on to compete for the Ticket To Finale.

text: Episode 22: 7 April 2018[edit]

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Akhtar Brothers
Shah Ka Rutba
80%

Beaten by Vishnumaya

2
Chetan Brijwasi
Suno Na Sangemarmar
71%

Couldn't beat the score of 80%

3
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Mohe Rang Do Laal
86.04%

Beated by Zaid Ali

4
Zaid Ali
O Re Piya
86.50%

Beaten by Hemant

5
Rohanpreet Singh
Aaoge Jab Tum
84%

Couldn't beat the score of 86%

6
Hemant Brijwasi
Bheegi Bheegi
88%

Advanced to compete for the Ticket To Finale

text: Episode 23: 8 April 2018[edit]

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Chetan Brijwasi
Manma emotion+Aashiq surrender
75%

Beaten by Zaid Ali

2
Zaid Ali
Surili Ankhyion Wale
88.2%

Beated by Vishnumaya Ramesh

3
Rohanpreet Singh
Jeena Jeena
84%

Couldn't beat the score of 88%

4
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Satyam Shivam Sundaram
88.51%

Advanced to compete for the Ticket To Finale

5
Akhtar Brothers
Jugni
84%

Couldn't beat the score of 88%

text: Face-off for the Ticket to Finale[edit]

text: The two top scorers of Saturday and Sunday episode participate in a face-off round.

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Sun Raha Hai Na Tu
74%

Couldn't win the ticket to finale

2
Hemant Brijwasi
Piya Re
89%

Won Ticket To Finale

text: Finale Week[edit]

text: Episode 24: 14 April 2018[edit]

text: Guest: Alia Bhatt

text: The Top 5 contestants except for Ticket to Finale winner Hemant Brijwasi were divided into two batches. Batch A- Zaid Ali, Chetan Brijwasi & Vishnumaya Ramesh and Batch B- Akhtar Brothers & Rohanpreet Singh. The contestant with the lowest score in each batch will be eliminated, making the Top 4.

text:
Batch
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

A
1
Zaid Ali
Teri Deewani
88%

Advanced to Top 4

2
Chetan Brijwasi
Afghan Jalebi
63%

Eliminated

3
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Bairi Piya
88%

Advanced to Top 4

B
4
Rohanpreet Singh
Tum Hi Ho
89%

Advanced to Top 4

5
Akhtar Brothers
Barson Yaaron
79%

Eliminated

text: Grand Finale[edit]

text: Episode 25: 15 April 2018[edit]

text: The Top 4 finalists compete in the first round. The Top 3 contestants proceed to the Face-off round.

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
Experts' Choices
hideResult

Shankar Mahadevan
Monali Thakur
Diljit Dosanjh

1
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Hai Rama
85%

Advanced to Top 3

2
Zaid Ali
Jag Ghoomeya
80%

Third Runner-Up

3
Rohanpreet Singh
Haule Haule
83%

Advanced to Top 3

4
Hemant Brijwasi
Saanware
88%

Advanced to Top 3

text: Face-off[edit]

text: The Top 3 scorers of the episode participate in a face-off round. In this round, the experts have no voting power and the votes accumulated are only from the audience.

text:
Order
Contestant
Song
Votes
hideResult

1
Hemant Brijwasi
Alvida
86%
Winner

2
Rohanpreet Singh
Khuda Jaane
78.39%
Runner Up

3
Vishnumaya Ramesh
Silsila Ye Chaahat Ka
78.1%
Second Runner Up