document_title: The Ranch (TV series)

question_text: who plays the vet on the ranch netflix

question_tokens: who plays the vet on the ranch netflix

text: The Ranch (TV series)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Ashton Kutcher as Colt Reagan Bennett, a former high school and college football star who pursued a professional career with mixed success, and returns to his hometown after a fifteen-year absence so that he can take part in a tryout with a semi-pro team. He ultimately stays to help his father and older brother on their family ranch. Colt is frequently the butt of their jokes, particularly when it comes to his ranching skills (or lack thereof) and his disappointing pro football career.  He is a heavy drinker and has a penchant for not using common sense, but he seems to have a heart of gold and tries to do right by others. Based on his various T-shirts and dialogue throughout the first season, it's implied that Colt has played for the Barcelona Dragons, San Jose SaberCats, Spokane Shock, Orlando Predators, Nebraska Danger, Iowa Barnstormers, Green Bay Blizzard, Minnesota Axemen, Portland Forest Dragons and Philadelphia Soul. Dialogue also states that he was a member of teams in Canada, notably the fictional Saskatoon Cold ("Like the Miami Heat... only cold") and Alaska, as well as that he was in the practice squad of the Buffalo Bills. He also states in the first episode he was the back up of the back up of the back up for Florida State and won the championship in 1999. He is currently married to Abby and is expecting a baby girl with her.
Danny Masterson as Jameson “Rooster” Ford Bennett, Colt's older brother. He has lived and worked on the ranch since Colt left to follow his football career, at times showing a bitter attitude for the burden of responsibility this caused him. Despite living in Colt's shadow he is far more competent on the ranch as well as a more level headed thinker. He has, however, been just as irresponsible as Colt, drinking too much and sleeping around. (seasons 1–3)
Debra Winger as Margaret "Maggie" Bennett, owner of Maggie's, and Colt and Rooster's mother. Maggie is divorced from Beau and lives in a trailer behind the bar she owns. Much more lighthearted and caring than Beau, her company and advice is often sought out by the boys on how to deal with problems, especially those concerning their father. Maggie is something of a hippie and is an avid marijuana smoker.
Elisha Cuthbert as Abigail "Abby" Phillips-Bennett, a Garrison High School history teacher and Colt's high school sweetheart and current wife. Abby was in a five-year relationship with Kenny and was briefly engaged to him, but ultimately she broke it off and hooked back up with Colt. She and Colt are now married and are expecting a baby girl. (recurring, season 1; main cast, season 2–present)
Sam Elliott as Beau Roosevelt Bennett, Maggie's ex-husband, and Colt and Rooster's father. A Vietnam War veteran, he has worked the ranch since returning from the war and taking it over after his father died. He is difficult to get along with, perpetually annoyed with everyone and everything. He has an estranged relationship with Rooster and Colt. He detests many modern amenities and is easily angered by his sons' antics. Beau appears to be a Republican with a special affinity for Ronald Reagan but at times seems to despise all politicians regardless of affiliation.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Barry Corbin as Dale Rivers, a hearing-impaired veterinarian and close friend of Beau's
Grady Lee Richmond as Hank, a regular Maggie's patron
Bret Harrison as Kenneth "Kenny" Ballard, a Courtyard by Marriott manager and Abby's ex-fiancé
Megyn Price as Mary Roth, a Cracker Barrel waitress and Rooster's older girlfriend
Kelli Goss as Heather Roth, Mary's younger daughter and Colt's ex-girlfriend, was pregnant with their child.
Molly McCook as Darlene Roth, Mary's older daughter
Kathy Baker as Joanne, a Cracker Barrel waitress, Mary's friend, and potential new love interest for Beau
Ethan Suplee as "Beer Pong Billy" Tompkins, a police officer and high school friend of Colt and Rooster's
Aimee Teegarden as Nikki, Heather's friend and Billy's fiancée
Chasty Ballesteros as Tanya Showers, a sexy weather reporter and Kenny's current girlfriend
Laura Vallejo as Maria, a Maggie's waitress
Sharon Lawrence as Brenda Sanders, a widowed hairdresser who befriended Beau when he and Maggie separated
Maggie Lawson as Jen the engineer, who wants to build a pipeline underneath the Bennett Ranch and Rooster love interest.
Wendie Malick as Lisa Neumann, owner of Neumann's Hill

text: Special Guests[edit]

text:
Jon Cryer as Bill Jensen, a loan officer and former high school football referee (Seasons 1-2)
Wilmer Valderrama as Umberto, a former Iron River ranch hand, former employee of Neumann's Hill at the My Little Pony Ranch. He is Rooster and Colt's friend. Currently deported. (Seasons 1-2)
Martin Mull as Jerry, Maggie's sometimes acid-tripping attorney
John Amos as Ed Bishop, a longtime family friend of the Bennetts and a Neumann's Hill employee (Seasons 1-2)
Thomas F. Wilson as Coach Fitzgerald, the Garrison High School head football coach (Season 1)
Debra Jo Rupp as Janice Phillips, Abby's mother (Seasons 2-3)
Jim Beaver as Chuck Phillips, Abby's father, who like Janice is disdainful of Abby's relationship with Colt (Seasons 2-3)
Conchata Ferrell as Shirley (Season 2)
Lou Diamond Phillips as Clint, a traveling musician attracted to Maggie (Season 2)
Kurtwood Smith as Sam Peterson, neighbor of the Iron River Ranch (Seasons 2-3)
Nancy Travis as Karen, Maggie's estranged sister (Season 3)

text: Cameos[edit]

text:
Joe Firstman
Pearl Charles
Kurt Neumann
Bukka Allen
Sam Hawksley
Thomas Rhett

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally released12010April 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)10October 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)22010June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)10December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)320[14]10June 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)10TBA

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release datePart 1
11"Back Where I Come From"David TrainerDon Reo & Jim PattersonApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Beau comes home to a surprise visit from Colt, who is in transit for a tryout with a semi-pro team in Denver after being sacked by the Saskatoon Colds. Beau scolds Colt for not helping out on the ranch, a promise he made six years ago. Beau, Colt and Rooster meet Maggie at her bar, but Colt invites Heather, one of the patrons, to have sex. Beau asks Colt to help with giving birth to a stillborn calf, which is eventually saved when Colt gives it CPR. Colt learns that Beau is having a hard time managing the ranch, because of an extensive drought and having only Rooster to help with the work. Colt makes the team, but tells his father he didn't, and offers to stay and help with the ranch. The drought breaks, and the Bennetts reunite at home.
22"Some People Change"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Colt gets into a heated argument with Beau and Rooster as they make him do the dirty work on the barn and for not sparing him dinner. Colt seeks consolation with his mom at Maggie's and bumps into Abby, his high school sweetheart, and her boyfriend, Kenny, who used to play band in the same school. Abby comes into the Bennetts' house that night to meet Colt and confesses her love for Kenny. Feeling depressed, Colt comes up late to the barn the next day and seeks refuge in his mother's trailer after he refuses to make Beau coffee. Beau tries to reason for being pushy to him as "to prepare him for the rest of his life" while Maggie is upset with him for being stubborn and running away from problems - a personality trait shared with her then-husband. Colt comes back home the next morning and makes breakfast for Rooster and Beau.
33"The Boys of Fall"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Nathan Chetty Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jamie RhonheimerApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Beau breaks his back while attempting to play football with Colt and Rooster. At Maggie's, the family plays a prank at Beau for refusing to go to the doctor and sees Kenny as he offers Colt to give a speech at the Garrison high school football team spaghetti dinner. Colt meets Garrison's quarterback and coach, but his egoistical storytelling of how he led the school to win the state championship earns himself disrespect. Abby refuses to come back after Colt questions her coming to his house despite dating Kenny. Devastated, he humiliates himself at the speech, to the disgust of the audience. Driving a tractor while drunk, he is driven home by a police who is his high school friend, Billy. At breakfast, Beau diagnoses Colt of not yet finding out who he wants to be. Meanwhile after having a hard day at work, Beau eventually sees a doctor. A medical check-up shows him that he has high blood pressure and is advised to give up red meat and alcohol which are his stress relieves.
44"Got a Little Crazy"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Nikki SchiefelbeinApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Colt reluctantly follows Rooster to Maggie's due to his fear of bumping into Abby. Colt apologizes to Abby and agrees to respect her relationship with Kenny. Heather walks in with Nikki and plans a party with them, Kenny, Billy, and Rooster. Colt vents his fury at Rooster for hearing Abby scorning Heather for being much younger than her. While being drunk, Abby admits that she thinks Colt deserves a better girlfriend and tries to make an advance on him. Rooster's advance on Nikki fails as she falls for Billy. Meanwhile, Maggie invites Beau to spend the night at the Telluride Marriott as the winner of a raffle price at the spaghetti dinner. Maggie creates a rift between her and Beau, blaming him for not understanding her. Beau apologizes for being too busy with the ranch and leaving the kids to Maggie.
55"American Kids"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Max Searle Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jeff LowellApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Beau picks Colt as his hunting partner in opening day, to the disappointment of Rooster who has always been picked. To cheer him up, Maggie decides to accompany him hunting on the same day. That morning, Colt admits to losing Rooster's hunting hat while being drunk, as a revenge for using up all the hot water for his shower yesterday morning. Colt's perpetual complaint about Rooster causes Beau and Rooster to switch huts. Rooster complains to Colt for abandoning the family, leaving him no choice but to stay at the ranch; Colt tells Rooster that he actually chose to stay instead of doing anything else. Beau and Maggie decides to get home together, leaving Rooster and Colt to walk home in the rain at night. The next day, Colt returns Rooster's hat but is told he is actually stealing someone else's.
66"Better as a Memory"David TrainerStory by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Jeff Lowell Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan ChettyApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
At Maggie's, Abby apologizes to Colt for being drunk while at his house party as Colt continues teasing her for trying to kiss him. Heather drops by and Colt agrees to have sex with her at Maggie's trailer, causing a fire at one of the drapes. Colt invites Maggie to stay at the family ranch, but Beau distances himself from her. The following night, Maggie successfully makes Beau warm up to her by dancing and taking a shower together. The next day, Abby delivers a replacement drape for the trailer when she meets Colt who is looking for gift ideas for Heather's birthday. Beau invites Maggie to stay but she declines. Colt surprises Heather and she thinks their relationship is more than just sex partners.
77"I Can't Go There"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Max Searle Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Nathan ChettyApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Beau is still deeply upset after Maggie declines his invitation to stay at the ranch. Abby drops by at Maggie's and gives relationship advice to Colt because of his immaturity while summoning Heather to meet him with his phone. Colt asks to break up but continues having sex with her. One of the calves is ill and Beau doesn't listen to Rooster's advice to give it antibiotics, though he ultimately relents. Maggie visits Beau but his full attention to the sick calf instead of her causes Maggie to storm out in anger. Heather and Colt drive to his home to have sex, but first she meets Beau at the barn where they both share their same background of being a 4-H and raising calves. Maggie eventually returns to reconcile with Beau, only to be asked for a divorce. The calf unfortunately didn't survive, so Colt asks Rooster and Beau to bury it that night.
88"Til It's Gone"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Steve Leff Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Matt RossApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Colt's stray bullet while shooting a bottle causes a window and TV to break. Beau decides to apply for a loan due to dwindling finances on the ranch, which was turned down for being risky. Hearing the news, Beau cuts off the electricity. After talking to Colt, Maggie offers to be the collateral but Beau declines. Beau accuses Colt for telling Maggie about the difficult situation, for being a spendthrift and for not helping the ranch; he fires back at him for being stubborn while asking for his kids to change. Beau meets Maggie again and ultimately lets her help the family. Meanwhile, Colt accuses the banker of making a false call during one of the games that cost him his championship. But on separate occasions, his parents agree with the banker that he fell short of a touchdown.
99"There Goes My Life"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Max Searle & Nathan ChettyApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Heather offers Rooster to go for a blind date with her sister, Darlene, whose boyfriend left after she gives birth. The date goes unsuccessfully as Darlene storms out after seeing her ex's photos. After taking Darlene home, Rooster has sex with their mom, Mary, much to the astonishment of Colt. Colt storms out to Mary the next day and Heather asks him to respect their relationship. Maggie comes home and asks Beau to go to counseling together, which also went awry as Beau storms out. Beau consults with Dale the next day and tells him to put up things that annoy him for something he loves. That night, he apologizes to Maggie. Meanwhile, Kenny proposes to Abby at Cracker Barrel as Colt witnesses.
1010"Down the Road"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson & Nathan Chetty Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleApril 1, 2016 (2016-04-01)
Beau continues holding out on selling the cattle out of fear of making a loss, while the ranch remains without electricity. Maggie tells Beau during his visit that she would like to come back to the ranch. Colt admits his astonishment, but not his heartbroken feelings, of Abby's proposal while she visits. As he tells all his concerns to Heather, she leaves him in anger. Rooster goes overboard over dating with Mary and asks him to date her more maturely. A nearby river spilled poisonous sewage affecting the local ranches; to the Bennetts' luck, their ranch is spared and eventually they can sell their cattle at a profit. At the ranch party, Heather successfully reconciles with Colt and promises to be honest with each other. Beau admits his love for the boys and gives Colt his championship ring. He then visits Maggie's to help her moving but sees her trailer is gone. Abby has doubts about marrying Kenny and tells Colt.
Part 2
111"Gone as a Girl Can Get"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jim PattersonOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Abby implicitly tells Colt she wants to get back with him. Beau is deeply hurt because Maggie leaves, burns Maggie's stuff and is hostile with Colt and Rooster. Heather visits Colt but breaks up after he inadvertently says that he favors Abby over her. Colt visits Abby, only to be told she is staying with Kenny, yet ends up with them kissing each other. Beau admits he still loves Maggie as he attempts to blanket her plants from frost.
122"Living and Living Well"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Max Searle Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan ChettyOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Abby confesses her rekindled feelings with Colt and asks him not to tell anyone. He ends up telling Rooster. Beau gives them allowance. Ed, a longtime friend, visits Beau and convinces him to sell the ranch to Neumann's Hill, a corporation which buys cattle from ranchers for a fixed price and had acquired one of the ranches in the state. Rooster and Colt convinces Beau to sell the ranch, much to his fury who fears of losing his family's legacy. Billy sells his rudimentary truck to Colt and Rooster in order to buy a ring for Nikki; he accidentally says about proposing her while showing the truck to them, in which she says yes.
133"Sittin' on the Fence"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Steve TompkinsOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Mary invites Beau and Rooster to have dinner at Cracker Barrel where she works. She intends to set Beau up with Joanne, one of the waitresses. Colt dropped bags of flour, instead of flowers, at Abby's home and she laughs about it at Maggie's. At her date with Kenny, Colt tries to flirt with her. Frightened, she leaves with Kenny. Mary invites Joanne to dinner at the ranch but Beau scorns the latter for their stark differences. The next evening however, they see each other again to chat over dessert. Maggie comes back and sees the two.
144"Let's Fall to Pieces Together"David TrainerStory by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nikki Schiefelbein Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Steve LeffOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Beau still holds a grudge for Maggie leaving him; the boys beg him to see her. At the bar, Heather walks by and reconciles with Colt, while Beau meets Maggie. Maggie says that she ran away because she is afraid of reconciling with him by staying in and asks him to live nomadic with her. Joanne comes back and helps Beau decide between Maggie and the ranch. Beau decides to stay and with a heavy heart calls for a divorce. Rooster sets up Abby to talk with Colt at the ranch. Abby ultimately breaks off with Kenny. Heather sees the two and the girls, heartbroken, leave Colt. Colt unsuccessfully reconciles with Abby.
155"I Know She Still Loves Me"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Jeff Lowell & Max SearleOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
The next morning, Colt tries again to reconcile with Abby and successfully asks her for a date. At the bar, Kenny sits with Colt and Rooster when the latter plans a guys' night party at the bar with themselves to erase Kenny's heartbroken feelings. After that, they break into Abby's classroom. A bride and groom figurine Kenny gave to Abby entices him to get back to her. Colt admits his hookup with her, making Kenny furious. Abby has doubts about her relationship but Colt convinces her. Jerry, the family's lawyer, attempts to settle in the divorce of Beau and Maggie but her terms on giving her share of the ranch to the boys turns him off. Despite the divorce eventually going on, she comes back to the ranch to justify this as a way for them to bear more responsibility. That night, Beau delegates the upcoming herd insemination to them.
166"Easy Come, Easy Go"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Max Searle Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan ChettyOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Colt and Rooster tries to satisfy Beau by doing the insemination themselves; he tells them they are doing it wrong while still letting them off. From Dale's inspection, they only successfully made one cow pregnant, much to Beau's dissatisfaction. Maggie tells Beau to give them a chance. The next day however, Beau takes the duty back from them. Abby's mom has an accident and Colt visits her. At the hospital, Colt sees Kenny hugging Abby; Colt fights with her over this at her home. Colt demands her to depend on him only as she says Kenny was coming as a friend, but not before lying about him not being there. Kenny, still mad at Colt, still considers Abby as her fiance.
177"I've Come to Expect It from You"David TrainerStory by : Jim Patterson & Jamie Rhonheimer Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff LowellOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Colt invites Abby into their first date since getting back together at a laundromat where stood Rick's Arcade, where they went on their first date. They have sex later and read together at her house. Colt tries to read a book to satisfy Abby but the next night buys her a TV. Colt is concerned about his differences with Abby but she tells him they complete each other. Rooster, still upset, vents to Maggie; she tells him to just let it go. Maggie storms back to the ranch to hand him the divorce papers and scold Beau for agreeing with her about teaching the boys yet doesn't adopt it. Upon Dale's inspection that Beau does the insemination job well, the boys leave him. Joanne stops by and illustrates her distant relationship with her daughter to tell him that maintaining a relationship is more important than just being right. Ed invites Rooster to work for him at another ranch.
188"The Cowboy Rides Away"David TrainerStory by : Nikki Schiefelbein & Nathan Chetty Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Steve LeffOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Beau apologizes to the boys for not trusting them enough. Rooster dismisses Ed's offer as Maggie suggests otherwise. He visits Ed's farm and meets Umberto, his farm's former caretaker. The two reunite with Colt and Abby at the bar. Rooster tells about the offer to the disbelief of Colt and then gets passive-aggressive with Beau. When Colt storms into Maggie, she defends her decision in order to make Rooster happy and that he paid for Colt's plane ticket for a Barcelona Dragons tryout as a way of supporting him. Colt eventually lets Rooster take the job. He tells this to Beau as he thanked him for his help so far. Beau leaves out of his sight in disbelief.
199"Leavin's Been Comin' (For a Long, Long Time)"David TrainerStory by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Steve Tompkins Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jeff LowellOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Despite Rooster's new job starting in two weeks, Beau kicks him out and he moves to Mary's. Maggie reveals to him that she set up Rooster's job offer with Ed as a way to make him more mature and earn more money. After hearing Umberto's revelation about giving money to his family while staying poor, Colt requests Beau to communicate with Rooster. At another date, Abby allows Colt to come to her house at anytime. Beau tries to settle in the paper with Maggie but their lawyer gives up due to the disagreement with Maggie's call of selling her share of the ranch to her kids, in which Beau demands Rooster be left out. Rooster offers Colt to work on the new ranch but he declines.
2010"Merry Christmas (Wherever You Are)"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleOctober 7, 2016 (2016-10-07)
Colt and Abby think ahead of their future as a soon-to-be family. Colt tells to Beau he is staying but Beau wants to sell the ranch due to his disagreement with the divorce terms. Mary asks Rooster not to invite Umberto anymore as he fails to babysit her daughters' babies. Maggie agrees that Rooster's name be left out after he agrees. Beau and Maggie finally sign the newly drafted divorce paper containing the terms. At a Christmas party in the bar, Colt gives Abby's family the Broncos' playoff tickets as they witness Kenny date local weather presenter Tanya Showers. Mary catch Umberto and Darlene having sex at the bar and gives them her blessing. Joanne visits Beau and give each other hats of each other's car brand that they hate. Joanne is finally granted to see her daughter and granddaughter. Beau finally comes to the bar as the party is over. The kids give Maggie animal tap handlers symbolizing their nicknames and an old family picture. Colt gives Beau Ugg boots and he gives back a hug. Beau gives Rooster Grandpa's knife but he still cannot warm up to Beau, telling him he does not appreciate him enough. When Colt is about to head out to propose to Abby, Heather is waiting outside to announce her pregnancy with his child.

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release datePart 3
211"My Next Thirty Years"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Colt reacts to Heather's pregnancy with disbelief. As Beau is drunk and goes home with Maggie, Colt tells nothing about the pregnancy. Beau invites Maggie to stay in for the night but she declines as she tells them they are already divorced. She wants Beau to remain hopeful that Rooster will come back. At Mary's, Darlene is upset because her ex-boyfriend Luke gives nothing for their son for Christmas. Rooster steals a bike for him. Colt is summoned to Abby's to meet her parents and go to church together. Colt interacts awkwardly with them. On Christmas Day, Beau gives Colt a book of newspaper articles about his football career. Colt breaks Heather's pregnancy to Beau and Beau asks him to do whatever it takes for his future child regardless of his readiness. Beau breaks the news to Maggie with a bottle of wine they promised to open when they have their first grandchild. Colt wishes to propose Heather as she says she wants to abort the baby.
222"Things Change"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff Lowell Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan ChettyJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Heather confesses she doesn't love Colt. He then gets blame by his parents for having sex with her in the first place and is told that Abby will find out about Heather's pregnancy in one way or another. Mary shoots the family truck as a revenge. Rooster is kicked out from Mary's house for not telling her about the pregnancy. He is offered by Maggie to sleep in the hunting cabin which is left in disarray, and reluctantly accepts. Abby drops by the ranch and wishes to have sex with Colt, which he declines. Colt finally tells Heather's pregnancy to her, as she storms out in disbelief.  Beau gets a haircut at a local hair salon and befriends Brenda.
233"Take Me Away from Here"David TrainerStory by : Jim Patterson & Nathan Chetty Teleplay by : Max Searle & Steve LeffJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
244"She'll Have You Back"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Steve Leff Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Nikki SchiefelbeinJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
255"My Best Friend"David TrainerStory by : Ashton Kutcher & Carla Filisha Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jamie RhonheimerJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
266"Find Out Who Your Friends Are"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jeff Lowell Teleplay by : Max WilligerJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
277"One of Those Nights"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Max Searle Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jason ZumwaltJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
288"I Didn't Ask and She Didn't Say"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Nikki Schiefelbein Teleplay by : Bryce VanKooten & William ValleryJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
299"Last Dollar (Fly Away)"David TrainerStory by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nikki Schiefelbein Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
3010"Can't Really Be Gone"David TrainerStory by : Jim Patterson & Jeff Lowell Teleplay by : Don Reo & Nathan ChettyJune 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
Part 4
311"Learning to Live Again"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan ChettyDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
322"Wrapped Up in You"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Max Searle Teleplay by : Steve Tompkins & Jeff LowellDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
333"Rodeo and Juliet"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Max Searle Teleplay by : Carla Filisha & Steve LeffDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
344"Much Too Young (To Feel this Old)"David TrainerStory by : Jim Patterson & Matt Ross Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan ChettyDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
355"More Than a Memory"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Steve Leff Teleplay by : Jim Patterson & Jeff LowellDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
366"When You Come Back to Me Again"David TrainerStory by : Bryce VanKooten & William Vallery Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
377"Do What You Gotta Do"David TrainerJamie Rhonheimer & Nathan ChettyDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
388"Big Money"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Nathan Chetty Teleplay by : Jeff Lowell & Nikki SchiefelbeinDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
399"Ain't Goin' Down ('Til the Sun Comes Up)"David TrainerStory by : Steve Tompkins & Max Searle Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Nathan ChettyDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
4010"If Tomorrow Never Comes"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Max SearleDecember 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)

text: Season 3 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release datePart 5
411"Starting Over Again"David TrainerStory by : Matt Ross & Nathan Chetty Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jim PattersonJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
422"It's All Wrong, But It's All Right"David TrainerStory by : Jeff Lowell & Nikki Schiefelbein Teleplay by : Brian Keith Etheridge & Carla FilishaJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
433"A Gamble Either Way"David TrainerStory by : Jeff Lowell & Nikki Schiefelbein Teleplay by : Brian Keith Etheridge & Carla FilishaJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
444"Baby I'm Burning"David TrainerStory by : Jeff Lowell & Jamie Rhonheimer Teleplay by : Steve Leff & Jessica KravitzJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
455"Travelin' Prayer"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Nathan ChettyJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
466"Tie Our Love (In a Double Knot)"David TrainerStory by : Bryce VanKooten & William Vallery Teleplay by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Lisa K. NelsonJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
477"Telling Me Lies"David TrainerStory by : Steve Leff & Brian Keith Etheridge Teleplay by : Nikki Schiefelbein & Carla FilishaJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
488"Fresh Out of Forgiveness"David TrainerStory by : Don Reo & Jim Patterson Teleplay by : Matt Ross & Nathan ChettyJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
499"It Ain't Fair that It Ain't Right"David TrainerStory by : Jamie Rhonheimer & Matt Ross Teleplay by : Nathan Chetty & Jessica KravitzJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)
5010"Change"David TrainerStory by : Jeff Lowell & Jamie Rhonheimer Teleplay by : Don Reo & Jim PattersonJune 15, 2018 (2018-06-15)

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Ranch has earned positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes gives the series an average approval rating of 70% (60% for season 1, 80% for season 2) based on 92 reviews, with an average rating of 4.5/5. The site's critical consensus reads, "A formulaic set-up and predictable plotting are elevated by The Ranch's surprising sensitivity and strong performances."[15] Metacritic gave the series a score of 56 out of 100, based on 20 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[16]

text: Writing for Slate in a positive review, television critic Willa Paskin wrote of the show, "The Ranch is a red-state sitcom, though it takes place in the swing state of Colorado, and is good enough to be watched by people of any political affiliation" and "The goodness sneaks up on you."[17] Los Angeles Times wrote: "[Elliott and Winger's] scenes together, as restrained as they are, are the show's most emotionally resonant. You will want to check them out."[18]


document_title: Abundance of the chemical elements

question_text: what are the two most common elements in the solar system

root

text: Abundance of the chemical elements

text: Universe[edit]

text:
Ten most common elements in the Milky Way Galaxy estimated spectroscopically[3]

Z
Element
Mass fraction (ppm)

1
Hydrogen
739,000

2
Helium
240,000

8
Oxygen
10,400

6
Carbon
4,600

10
Neon
1,340

26
Iron
1,090

7
Nitrogen
960

14
Silicon
650

12
Magnesium
580

16
Sulfur
440

tag: table

text: The elements – that is, ordinary (baryonic) matter made of protons, neutrons, and electrons, are only a small part of the content of the Universe. Cosmological observations suggest that only 4.6% of the universe's energy (including the mass contributed by energy, E = mc² ↔ m = E / c²) comprises the visible baryonic matter that constitutes stars, planets, and living beings. The rest is thought to be made up of dark energy (68%) and dark matter (27%).[4] These are forms of matter and energy believed to exist on the basis of scientific theory and observational deductions, but they have not been directly observed and their nature is not well understood.

tag: p

text: Most standard (baryonic) matter is found in intergalactic gas, stars, and interstellar clouds, in the form of atoms or ions (plasma), although it can be found in degenerate forms in extreme astrophysical settings, such as the high densities inside white dwarfs and neutron stars.

text: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the Universe; helium is second. However, after this, the rank of abundance does not continue to correspond to the atomic number; oxygen has abundance rank 3, but atomic number 8. All others are substantially less common.

text: The abundance of the lightest elements is well predicted by the standard cosmological model, since they were mostly produced shortly (i.e., within a few hundred seconds) after the Big Bang, in a process known as Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Heavier elements were mostly produced much later, inside of stars.

text: Hydrogen and helium are estimated to make up roughly 74% and 24% of all baryonic matter in the universe respectively. Despite comprising only a very small fraction of the universe, the remaining "heavy elements" can greatly influence astronomical phenomena. Only about 2% (by mass) of the Milky Way galaxy's disk is composed of heavy elements.

text: These other elements are generated by stellar processes.[5][6][7] In astronomy, a "metal" is any element other than hydrogen or helium. This distinction is significant because hydrogen and helium are the only elements that were produced in significant quantities in the Big Bang. Thus, the metallicity of a galaxy or other object is an indication of stellar activity, after the Big Bang.

text: In general, elements up to iron are made in large stars in the process of becoming supernovae. Iron-56 is particularly common, since it is the most stable element that can easily be made from alpha particles (being a product of decay of radioactive nickel-56, ultimately made from 14 helium nuclei). Elements heavier than iron are made in energy-absorbing processes in large stars, and their abundance in the universe (and on Earth) generally decreases with increasing atomic number.

text: Solar system[edit]

text:
Most abundant nuclides
in the Solar System[8]

Nuclide
A
Mass fraction in parts per million
Atom fraction in parts per million

Hydrogen-1
1
705,700
909,964

Helium-4
4
275,200
88,714

Oxygen-16
16
9,592
477

Carbon-12
12
3,032
326

Nitrogen-14
14
1,105
102

Neon-20
20
1,548
100

Other nuclides:
3,879
149

Silicon-28
28
653
30

Magnesium-24
24
513
28

Iron-56
56
1,169
27

Sulfur-32
32
396
16

Helium-3
3
35
15

Hydrogen-2
2
23
15

Neon-22
22
208
12

Magnesium-26
26
79
4

Carbon-13
13
37
4

Magnesium-25
25
69
4

Aluminium-27
27
58
3

Argon-36
36
77
3

Calcium-40
40
60
2

Sodium-23
23
33
2

Iron-54
54
72
2

Silicon-29
29
34
2

Nickel-58
58
49
1

Silicon-30
30
23
1

Iron-57
57
28
1

text: The following graph (note log scale) shows abundance of elements in the Solar System. The table shows the twelve most common elements in our galaxy (estimated spectroscopically), as measured in parts per million, by mass.[3] Nearby galaxies that have evolved along similar lines have a corresponding enrichment of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. The more distant galaxies are being viewed as they appeared in the past, so their abundances of elements appear closer to the primordial mixture. Since physical laws and processes are uniform throughout the universe, however, it is expected that these galaxies will likewise have evolved similar abundances of elements.

text: The abundance of elements is in keeping with their origin from the Big Bang and nucleosynthesis in a number of progenitor supernova stars. Very abundant hydrogen and helium are products of the Big Bang, while the next three elements are rare since they had little time to form in the Big Bang and are not made in stars (they are, however, produced in small quantities by breakup of heavier elements in interstellar dust, as a result of impact by cosmic rays).

text: Beginning with carbon, elements have been produced in stars by buildup from alpha particles (helium nuclei), resulting in an alternatingly larger abundance of elements with even atomic numbers (these are also more stable). The effect of odd-numbered chemical elements generally being more rare in the universe was empirically noticed in 1914, and is known as the Oddo-Harkins rule.

text: Relation to nuclear binding energy[edit]

text: Loose correlations have been observed between estimated elemental abundances in the universe and the nuclear binding energy curve. Roughly speaking, the relative stability of various atomic nuclides has exerted a strong influence on the relative abundance of elements formed in the Big Bang, and during the development of the universe thereafter. [9] See the article about nucleosynthesis for the explanation on how certain nuclear fusion processes in stars (such as carbon burning, etc.) create the elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.

text: A further observed peculiarity is the jagged alternation between relative abundance and scarcity of adjacent atomic numbers in the elemental abundance curve, and a similar pattern of energy levels in the nuclear binding energy curve. This alternation is caused by the higher relative binding energy (corresponding to relative stability) of even atomic numbers compared with odd atomic numbers and is explained by the Pauli Exclusion Principle.[10] The semi-empirical mass formula (SEMF), also called Weizsäcker's formula or the Bethe-Weizsäcker mass formula, gives a theoretical explanation of the overall shape of the curve of nuclear binding energy.[11]

text: Earth[edit]

text: The Earth formed from the same cloud of matter that formed the Sun, but the planets acquired different compositions during the formation and evolution of the solar system. In turn, the natural history of the Earth caused parts of this planet to have differing concentrations of the elements.

text: The mass of the Earth is approximately 5.98×1024 kg. In bulk, by mass, it is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminium (1.4%); with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements.[12]

text: The bulk composition of the Earth by elemental-mass is roughly similar to the gross composition of the solar system, with the major differences being that Earth is missing a great deal of the volatile elements hydrogen, helium, neon, and nitrogen, as well as carbon which has been lost as volatile hydrocarbons. The remaining elemental composition is roughly typical of the "rocky" inner planets, which formed in the thermal zone where solar heat drove volatile compounds into space. The Earth retains oxygen as the second-largest component of its mass (and largest atomic-fraction), mainly from this element being retained in silicate minerals which have a very high melting point and low vapor pressure.

text:
Estimated abundances of chemical elements in the Earth.[13] The right two columns give the fraction of the mass in parts per million (ppm) and the fraction by number of atoms in parts per billion (ppb).show

Atomic Number
Name
Symbol
Mass fraction (ppm)
Atomic fraction (ppb)[13]

8
oxygen
O
297000
482,000,000

12
magnesium
Mg
154000
164,000,000

14
silicon
Si
161000
150,000,000

26
iron
Fe
319000
148,000,000

13
aluminum
Al
15900
15,300,000

20
calcium
Ca
17100
11,100,000

28
nickel
Ni
18220
8,010,000

1
hydrogen
H
260
6,700,000

16
sulfur
S
6350
5,150,000

24
chromium
Cr
4700
2,300,000

11
sodium
Na
1800
2,000,000

6
carbon
C
730
1,600,000

15
phosphorus
P
1210
1,020,000

25
manganese
Mn
1700
800,000

22
titanium
Ti
810
440,000

27
cobalt
Co
880
390,000

19
potassium
K
160
110,000

17
chlorine
Cl
76
56,000

23
vanadium
V
105
53,600

7
nitrogen
N
25
46,000

29
copper
Cu
60
25,000

30
zinc
Zn
40
16,000

9
fluorine
F
10
14,000

21
scandium
Sc
11
6,300

3
lithium
Li
1.10
4,100

38
strontium
Sr
13
3,900

32
germanium
Ge
7.00
2,500

40
zirconium
Zr
7.10
2,000

31
gallium
Ga
3.00
1,000

34
selenium
Se
2.70
890

56
barium
Ba
4.50
850

39
yttrium
Y
2.90
850

33
arsenic
As
1.70
590

5
boron
B
0.20
480

42
molybdenum
Mo
1.70
460

44
ruthenium
Ru
1.30
330

78
platinum
Pt
1.90
250

46
palladium
Pd
1.00
240

58
cerium
Ce
1.13
210

60
neodymium
Nd
0.84
150

4
beryllium
Be
0.05
140

41
niobium
Nb
0.44
120

76
osmium
Os
0.90
120

77
iridium
Ir
0.90
120

37
rubidium
Rb
0.40
120

35
bromine
Br
0.30
97

57
lanthanum
La
0.44
82

66
dysprosium
Dy
0.46
74

64
gadolinium
Gd
0.37
61

52
tellurium
Te
0.30
61

45
rhodium
Rh
0.24
61

50
tin
Sn
0.25
55

62
samarium
Sm
0.27
47

68
erbium
Er
0.30
47

70
ytterbium
Yb
0.30
45

59
praseodymium
Pr
0.17
31

82
lead
Pb
0.23
29

72
hafnium
Hf
0.19
28

74
tungsten
W
0.17
24

79
gold
Au
0.16
21

48
cadmium
Cd
0.08
18

63
europium
Eu
0.10
17

67
holmium
Ho
0.10
16

47
silver
Ag
0.05
12

65
terbium
Tb
0.07
11

51
antimony
Sb
0.05
11

75
rhenium
Re
0.08
10

53
iodine
I
0.05
10

69
thulium
Tm
0.05
7

55
cesium
Cs
0.04
7

71
lutetium
Lu
0.05
7

90
thorium
Th
0.06
6

73
tantalum
Ta
0.03
4

80
mercury
Hg
0.02
3

92
uranium
U
0.02
2

49
indium
In
0.01
2

81
thallium
Tl
0.01
2

83
bismuth
Bi
0.01
1

text: Crust[edit]

text: The mass-abundance of the nine most abundant elements in the Earth's crust is approximately: oxygen 46%, silicon 28%, aluminum 8.2%, iron 5.6%, calcium 4.2%, sodium 2.5%, magnesium 2.4%, potassium 2.0%, and titanium 0.61%. Other elements occur at less than 0.15%. For a complete list, see abundance of elements in Earth's crust.

text: The graph at right illustrates the relative atomic-abundance of the chemical elements in Earth's upper continental crust— the part that is relatively accessible for measurements and estimation.

text: Many of the elements shown in the graph are classified into (partially overlapping) categories:

text:
rock-forming elements (major elements in green field, and minor elements in light green field);
rare earth elements (lanthanides, La-Lu, and Y; labeled in blue);
major industrial metals (global production >~3×107 kg/year; labeled in red);
precious metals (labeled in purple);
the nine rarest "metals" — the six platinum group elements plus Au, Re, and Te (a metalloid) — in the yellow field. These are rare in the crust from being soluble in iron and thus concentrated in the Earth's core.

tag: ol

text: Note that there are two breaks where the unstable (radioactive) elements technetium (atomic number: 43) and promethium (atomic number: 61) would be. These elements are surrounded by stable elements, yet both have relatively short half lives (~ 4 million years and ~ 18 years respectively). These are thus extremely rare, since any primordial initial fractions of these in pre-Solar System materials have long since decayed and disappeared. These two elements are now only produced naturally through the spontaneous fission of very heavy radioactive elements (for example, uranium, thorium, or the trace amounts of plutonium that exist in uranium ores), or by the interaction of certain other elements with cosmic rays. Both technetium and promethium have been identified spectroscopically in the atmospheres of stars, where they are produced by ongoing nucleosynthetic processes.

text: There are also breaks in the abundance graph where the six noble gases would be, since they are not chemically bound in the Earth's crust, and they are only generated by decay chains from radioactive elements in the crust, and are therefore extremely rare there.

text: The eight naturally occurring very rare, highly radioactive elements (polonium, astatine, francium, radium, actinium, protactinium, neptunium, and plutonium) are not included, since any of these elements that were present at the formation of the Earth have decayed away eons ago, and their quantity today is negligible and is only produced from the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium.

text: Oxygen and silicon are notably the most common elements in the crust. On Earth and in rocky planets in general, silicon and oxygen are far more common than their cosmic abundance. The reason is that they combine with each other to form silicate minerals. In this way, they are the lightest of all of the two-percent "astronomical metals" (i.e., non-hydrogen and helium elements) to form a solid that is refractory to the Sun's heat, and thus cannot boil away into space. All elements lighter than oxygen have been removed from the crust in this way.

text: Rare-earth elements[edit]

text: "Rare" earth elements is a historical misnomer. The persistence of the term reflects unfamiliarity rather than true rarity. The more abundant rare earth elements are similarly concentrated in the crust compared to commonplace industrial metals such as chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, molybdenum, tin, tungsten, or lead. The two least abundant rare earth elements (thulium and lutetium) are nearly 200 times more common than gold. However, in contrast to the ordinary base and precious metals, rare earth elements have very little tendency to become concentrated in exploitable ore deposits. Consequently, most of the world's supply of rare earth elements comes from only a handful of sources. Furthermore, the rare earth metals are all quite chemically similar to each other, and they are thus quite difficult to separate into quantities of the pure elements.

text: Differences in abundances of individual rare earth elements in the upper continental crust of the Earth represent the superposition of two effects, one nuclear and one geochemical. First, the rare earth elements with even atomic numbers (58Ce, 60Nd, ...) have greater cosmic and terrestrial abundances than the adjacent rare earth elements with odd atomic numbers (57La, 59Pr, ...). Second, the lighter rare earth elements are more incompatible (because they have larger ionic radii) and therefore more strongly concentrated in the continental crust than the heavier rare earth elements. In most rare earth ore deposits, the first four rare earth elements – lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, and neodymium – constitute 80% to 99% of the total amount of rare earth metal that can be found in the ore.

text: Mantle[edit]

text: The mass-abundance of the eight most abundant elements in the Earth's mantle (see main article above) is approximately: oxygen 45%, magnesium 23%, silicon 22%, iron 5.8%, calcium 2.3%, aluminum 2.2%, sodium 0.3%, potassium 0.3%.

text: The mantle differs in elemental composition from the crust in having a great deal more magnesium and significantly more iron, while having much less aluminum and sodium.

text: Core[edit]

text: Due to mass segregation, the core of the Earth is believed to be primarily composed of iron (88.8%), with smaller amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements.[12]

text: Ocean[edit]

text: The most abundant elements in the ocean by proportion of mass in percent are oxygen (85.84), hydrogen (10.82), chlorine (1.94), sodium (1.08), magnesium (0.1292), sulfur (0.091), calcium (0.04), potassium (0.04), bromine (0.0067), carbon (0.0028), and boron (0.00043).

text: Atmosphere[edit]

text: The order of elements by volume-fraction (which is approximately molecular mole-fraction) in the atmosphere is nitrogen (78.1%), oxygen (20.9%),[14] argon (0.96%), followed by (in uncertain order) carbon and hydrogen because water vapor and carbon dioxide, which represent most of these two elements in the air, are variable components. Sulfur, phosphorus, and all other elements are present in significantly lower proportions.

text: According to the abundance curve graph (above right), argon, a significant if not major component of the atmosphere, does not appear in the crust at all. This is because the atmosphere has a far smaller mass than the crust, so argon remaining in the crust contributes little to mass-fraction there, while at the same time buildup of argon in the atmosphere has become large enough to be significant.

text: Urban soils[edit]

text: For a complete list of the abundance of elements in urban soils, see Abundances of the elements (data page)#Urban soils.

text: Human body[edit]

text:
Elemental abundance in the human bodyshow

Element
Proportion (by mass)

Oxygen
65

Carbon
18

Hydrogen
10

Nitrogen
3

Calcium
1.5

Phosphorus
1.2

Potassium
0.2

Sulfur
0.2

Chlorine
0.2

Sodium
0.1

Magnesium
0.05

Iron
< 0.05

Cobalt
< 0.05

Copper
< 0.05

Zinc
< 0.05

Iodine
< 0.05

Selenium
< 0.01

text: By mass, human cells consist of 65–90% water (H2O), and a significant portion of the remainder is composed of carbon-containing organic molecules. Oxygen therefore contributes a majority of a human body's mass, followed by carbon. Almost 99% of the mass of the human body is made up of six elements: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus. The next 0.75% is made up of the next five elements: potassium, sulfur, chlorine, sodium, and magnesium. Only 17 elements are known for certain to be necessary to human life, with one additional element (fluorine) thought to be helpful for tooth enamel strength. A few more trace elements may play some role in the health of mammals. Boron and silicon are notably necessary for plants but have uncertain roles in animals. The elements aluminium and silicon, although very common in the earth's crust, are conspicuously rare in the human body.[15]

text: Below is a periodic table highlighting nutritional elements.[16]

text:
Nutritional elements in the periodic table

H

He

Li
Be

B
C
N
O
F
Ne

Na
Mg

Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar

K
Ca
Sc

Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr

Rb
Sr
Y

Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
In
Sn
Sb
Te
I
Xe

Cs
Ba
La
*
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn

Fr
Ra
Ac
**
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
Cn
Nh
Fl
Mc
Lv
Ts
Og

*
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu

**
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es
Fm
Md
No
Lr

text:
The four basic organic elements

  Quantity elements

  Essential trace elements

  Deemed essential trace element by U.S., not by European Union

  Suggested function from deprivation effects or active metabolic handling, but no clearly-identified biochemical function in humans

  Limited circumstantial evidence for trace benefits or biological action in mammals

  No evidence for biological action in mammals, but essential in some lower organisms.
(In the case of lanthanum, the definition of an essential nutrient as being indispensable and irreplaceable is not completely applicable due to the extreme similarity of the lanthanides. Thus Ce, Pr, and Nd may be substituted for La without ill effects for organisms using La, and the smaller Sm, Eu, and Gd may also be similarly substituted but cause slower growth.)


document_title: No-hitter

question_text: who started the first combined no hitter in mlb history

text: No-hitter

text: Major League Baseball no-hitters[edit]

text: Definition[edit]

text: A no-hitter is defined by Major League Baseball as follows: "An official no-hit game occurs when a pitcher (or pitchers) allows no hits during the entire course of a game, which consists of at least nine innings."[1] This definition was specified by MLB's Committee for Statistical Accuracy in 1991, causing previously recognized no-hitters of fewer than nine innings or where the first hit had been allowed in extra innings to be stricken from the official record books. Games lost by the visiting team in 8½ innings but without allowing any hits do not qualify as no-hitters, as the visiting team has only pitched eight innings.[2][3]

text: Frequency[edit]

text: Major League Baseball has officially recognized 299 no-hitters thrown since 1876; only 23 of those were perfect games. Two no-hitters have been thrown on the same day twice: Ted Breitenstein and Jim Hughes on April 22, 1898; and Dave Stewart and Fernando Valenzuela on June 29, 1990.

text: Eight no-hitters were thrown by major league pitchers in the 1884 season. In the modern era (since 1901), seven no-hitters were thrown in 1990, 1991, 2012, and 2015.

text: The longest period between any two no-hitters in the modern era is 3 years, 44 days between Bobby Burke on August 8, 1931, and Paul "Daffy" Dean on September 21, 1934. There was a drought of 3 years, 11 months, without a no-hitter after the first National League no-hitter on July 15, 1876, pitched by George Bradley. The most recent year without any no-hitters is 2005.

text: The greatest span of games without a no-hitter anywhere in the Major Leagues is 6,364, between Randy Johnson's perfect game on May 18, 2004, for the Arizona Diamondbacks, and Aníbal Sánchez's no-hitter on September 6, 2006, for the Florida Marlins. The previous record was a 4,015-game streak without a no-hitter from September 30, 1984, to September 19, 1986.

text: Individual[edit]

text: The pitcher who holds the record for the most no-hitters is Nolan Ryan, who threw seven in his long career. His first two came exactly two months apart, while he was with the California Angels: the first on May 15, 1973, and the second on July 15. He had two more with the Angels on September 28, 1974, and June 1, 1975. Ryan's fifth no-hitter with the Houston Astros on September 26, 1981, broke Sandy Koufax's previous record. His sixth and seventh no-hitters came with the Texas Rangers on June 1, 1990, and May 1, 1991. When he tossed number seven at age 44, he became the oldest pitcher to throw a no-hitter.

text: Only Ryan, Sandy Koufax (four), Cy Young (three), Bob Feller (three), and Larry Corcoran (three) have pitched more than two no-hitters.[4] Corcoran was the first pitcher to throw a second no-hitter in a career (in 1882), as well as the first to throw a third (in 1884).

text: Thirty-six pitchers have thrown more than one no-hitter, combined no-hitters not counting. Randy Johnson has the longest gap between no-hitters: he threw a no-hitter as a member of the Seattle Mariners on June 2, 1990, and a perfect game as an Arizona Diamondback on May 18, 2004.

text: The pitcher who holds the record for the shortest time between no-hitters is Johnny Vander Meer, the only pitcher in history to throw no-hitters in consecutive starts, while playing for the Cincinnati Reds in 1938.[5] Besides Vander Meer, Allie Reynolds (in 1951), Virgil Trucks (in 1952), Ryan (in 1973), and Max Scherzer (in 2015) are the only other major leaguers to throw two no-hitters in the same regular season.

text: Jim Maloney also had two no-hitters under the previous rules in the 1965 season, both of them taken into extra innings. On the first one on June 14, he gave up a home run to Johnny Lewis to open the top of the 11th inning, turning 10 innings of no-hit ball into a 1–0 loss to the New York Mets. According to the rules interpretation of the time, this was considered a no-hitter.[6] On August 19, a home run by Leo Cárdenas in the tenth inning allowed Maloney to earn a 1–0 10-inning no-hit win over the Chicago Cubs.[7]

text: Roy Halladay threw two no-hitters in 2010 – a perfect game during the regular season and a no-hitter in the 2010 National League Division Series. He is the only major leaguer to have thrown no-hitters in regular season and postseason play.

text: Two pitchers missing their non-pitching hand have thrown no-hitters; Hugh Daily, of the Cleveland Blues, defeated the Philadelphia Quakers 1–0 on September 13, 1883, and Jim Abbott, of the New York Yankees, defeated the Cleveland Indians 4–0 on September 4, 1993. Daily lost his left hand in a gun accident as a child, and Abbott was born without a right hand.

text: The record for most no-hitters caught by a catcher is four, a record shared by Boston Red Sox catcher Jason Varitek and Philadelphia Phillies catcher Carlos Ruiz. Varitek caught no-hitters for Hideo Nomo, Derek Lowe, Clay Buchholz, and Jon Lester.[8] Varitek also caught a rain-shortened, five-inning unofficial no-hitter for Devern Hansack on October 1, 2006.[9] Ruiz caught two no-hitters for Roy Halladay, including a perfect game, as well as one for Cole Hamels, and a combined no-hitter for Cole Hamels, Jake Diekman, Ken Giles, and Jonathan Papelbon.[10] Before MLB redefined "no-hitter", Ray Schalk had long held the record of catching four no-hitters, but his first nine-inning no-hitter had ended with a hit in the tenth inning.[9][11]

text: Five pitchers have thrown a no-hitter in both the American League and the National League: Cy Young, Ryan, Jim Bunning, Nomo, and Randy Johnson. Only five catchers have caught a no-hitter in each league: Gus Triandos, Jeff Torborg, Darrell Porter, Ron Hassey, and most recently, Drew Butera.[12] Triandos caught Hoyt Wilhelm's 1958 no-hitter and Jim Bunning's perfect game, Torborg caught Koufax's perfect game and Ryan's first no-hitter, Porter caught Jim Colborn's 1977 no-hitter and Bob Forsch's second no-hitter in 1983, and Hassey caught Len Barker's and Dennis Martínez's perfect games. Butera caught a 2011 no-hitter by Francisco Liriano and a 2014 no-hitter by Josh Beckett.[12]

text: Team[edit]

text: No team has thrown no-hitters in consecutive games, although it has happened once on consecutive days: On May 5, 1917, Ernie Koob of the St. Louis Browns no-hit the Chicago White Sox, and teammate Bob Groom repeated the feat in the second game of a doubleheader the following day.

text: On two occasions, there have been back-to-back no-hitters thrown by each team in a series. On September 17, 1968, Gaylord Perry of the San Francisco Giants no-hit the St. Louis Cardinals, and the Cardinals' Ray Washburn no-hit the Giants the following day. On April 30, 1969, Jim Maloney of the Cincinnati Reds no-hit the Houston Astros, and the Astros' Don Wilson no-hit the Reds the following day. Surprisingly, it was both Maloney's and Wilson's 2nd no-hitter in their careers.

text: Teams have thrown two straight no-hitters, with no other teams pitching one in the interim, 19 times; most recently by the Los Angeles Dodgers (Josh Beckett and Clayton Kershaw in 2014). The only team to throw three straight no-hitters was the Milwaukee Braves, with Lew Burdette, followed by consecutive no-no's by Warren Spahn, in 1960 and 1961. Individual pitchers have thrown two straight no-hitters seven times: Addie Joss 1908 and 1910; Vander Meer in 1938; Allie Reynolds in 1951; Warren Spahn in 1960 and 1961; Ryan twice, first in 1973, then in 1974 and 1975; and Bailey. All seven instances were with the same team.

text: The Tampa Bay Rays are the only MLB team to fail to get a hit in three games in a span of 12 months or fewer. No-hit by Arizona's Edwin Jackson on June 25, 2010, the Rays were also the victims of two perfect games: the first by White Sox pitcher Mark Buehrle on July 23, 2009, the second by Oakland's Dallas Braden on May 9, 2010. On August 15, 2012, the Rays were once again on the losing end of a perfect game, this time at the helm of Félix Hernández and the Seattle Mariners.[13]

text: Combined no-hitters[edit]

text: The vast majority of no-hit games are finished by the starting pitcher, but twelve MLB no-hitters have been thrown by a combination of the starting and relief pitchers. The first such combined no-hitter occurred on June 23, 1917, when Ernie Shore of the Boston Red Sox relieved starter Babe Ruth, who had been ejected for arguing with the umpire after walking the first batter of the game. The runner was subsequently caught stealing and Shore retired the next 26 batters without allowing any baserunners. This game was long considered a perfect game for Shore, since he recorded 27 outs in succession; current rules classify it only as a combined no-hitter. Another major league combined no-hitter did not occur until April 30, 1967, when Stu Miller of the Baltimore Orioles recorded the final out in relief of Steve Barber in a 2–1 loss to the Detroit Tigers.

text: The only combined extra inning no-hitter to date occurred on July 12, 1997. Pittsburgh Pirates pitchers Francisco Córdova (9 innings) and Ricardo Rincón (1 inning) combined to no-hit the Houston Astros, 3–0. Victory was secured with a three-run walk-off home run by pinch hitter Mark Smith in the bottom of the tenth inning.

text: On June 11, 2003, the Houston Astros set a record with six pitchers involved in a combined no-hitter. On that day, Roy Oswalt, Pete Munro, Kirk Saarloos, Brad Lidge, Octavio Dotel, and Billy Wagner combined to hold the New York Yankees hitless. Oswalt was removed after one inning due to injury. Munro pitched the most innings, 2⅔. He also allowed five of the six baserunners, giving up three walks, hitting a batter and seeing another reach on an error by third baseman Geoff Blum. The only other baserunner was allowed by Dotel, who threw a third-strike wild pitch to Alfonso Soriano with one out in the eighth; Dotel went on to record the forty-fifth four-strikeout inning in regular-season play.[14] Lidge, who retired all six hitters he faced over the sixth and seventh innings, earned the victory. On June 8, 2012, the Seattle Mariners tied this record when Kevin Millwood, Charlie Furbush, Stephen Pryor, Lucas Luetge, Brandon League, and Tom Wilhelmsen combined to no-hit the Los Angeles Dodgers. Millwood pitched 6 innings before he was taken out due to a groin injury.

text: Only one pitcher has thrown a no-hitter as a starter and contributed to a combined no-hitter as a reliever. On September 30, 1984, Mike Witt threw a 1–0 perfect game for the California Angels against the Texas Rangers. On April 11, 1990, pitching the eighth and ninth innings in relief of Mark Langston, Witt earned a save in another 1–0 no-hit victory for the Angels over the Seattle Mariners.

text: Vida Blue, Kent Mercker, Kevin Millwood, and Cole Hamels are the only pitchers to start both a complete game no-hitter and a combined no-hitter. Vida Blue no-hit the Minnesota Twins on September 21, 1970, while pitching for the Oakland Athletics. He combined with Glenn Abbott, Paul Lindblad, and Rollie Fingers to no-hit the California Angels on September 28, 1975. While with the Atlanta Braves in 1991, Mercker, Mark Wohlers and Alejandro Peña no-hit the San Diego Padres in the National League's first combined no-hitter. Mercker threw a complete game no-hitter against the Los Angeles Dodgers on April 8, 1994. In addition to the game above in which Millwood and the Seattle Mariners tied the record by using six pitchers in a no-hitter, Millwood previously threw a complete game no-hitter against the San Francisco Giants on April 27, 2003, while with the Philadelphia Phillies. Both Mercker and Blue were All-Stars in the seasons of their combined no-hitters, and Blue also won the Cy Young Award and the Most Valuable Player Award during his career.

text: Combined no-hitters are considered unofficial by Nippon Professional Baseball.

text: Earliest, latest, title-clinching, and postseason no-hitters[edit]

text: Hideo Nomo threw the earliest no-hitter based on calendar date: April 4, 2001, the second game of the season for the Boston Red Sox, against the Baltimore Orioles. The Cleveland Indians' Bob Feller left the Chicago White Sox hitless in the 1940 season opener on April 16, the only official Opening Day no-hitter.

text: There have been five no-hitters thrown on the final day of the regular season. Bumpus Jones of the Cincinnati Reds ended the season by no-hitting the Pittsburgh Pirates on October 15, 1892; this is also the latest calendar date for a no-hit game thus far. On September 28, 1975, four Oakland A's pitchers (Vida Blue, Glenn Abbott, Paul Lindblad, Rollie Fingers) combined for a season-ending no-hitter against the California Angels. Mike Witt of the California Angels threw a perfect game against the Texas Rangers on September 30, 1984. Henderson Álvarez of the Miami Marlins no-hit the Detroit Tigers on September 29, 2013, to close the regular season. Jordan Zimmermann of the Washington Nationals no-hit the Miami Marlins on the last day of the 2014 season, September 28.

text: The latest regular-season no-hitter by calendar date in the modern era is October 3, achieved by Max Scherzer of the Washington Nationals in 2015.

text: The Houston Astros' Mike Scott no-hit the San Francisco Giants on September 25, 1986, a victory that also clinched the National League West title for the Astros; this is the only such occurrence in Major League history to date. In the first game of a doubleheader on September 28, 1951, Allie Reynolds of the New York Yankees pitched a no-hitter against the Boston Red Sox which clinched a tie for the American League pennant (the pennant was clinched outright in the doubleheader's second game).

text: There have been two postseason no-hitters in MLB history, one by a pitcher from each league. For the AL, on October 8, 1956, Don Larsen of the New York Yankees threw a perfect game in Game 5 of that year's World Series against the Brooklyn Dodgers. The feat had nearly been accomplished nine years earlier by the Yankees' Bill Bevens, who came within one out of a no-hitter (though not a perfect game) against the Brooklyn Dodgers in Game 4 of the 1947 World Series, only to lose the game on a pinch-hit double by Cookie Lavagetto. There have been other one-hitters in the World Series, with the lone hit coming earlier in the game than in Bevens' effort. For the NL, on October 6, 2010, Roy Halladay of the Philadelphia Phillies, in the first postseason appearance of his career, threw the second no-hitter in postseason history, in Game 1 of the Phillies' NLDS against the Cincinnati Reds.

text: Rookie no-hitters[edit]

text: Twenty-two MLB rookies have pitched a no-hitter since 1901. Three pitchers have thrown a no-hitter in their first major league starts; two others have done it in their second major league starts.[15]

text: Bumpus Jones of the Cincinnati Reds threw a no-hitter on October 15, 1892 in his first major league game. Jones pitched only eight games in the big leagues, finishing with a career win/loss record of 2–4 and a career earned run average of 7.99.

text: Ted Breitenstein pitched a no-hitter in his first Major League start on October 4, 1891, however, it was not his first Major League game.[16] He later threw a second no-hitter on April 22, 1898.

text: On May 6, 1953, Bobo Holloman pitched a no-hitter for the St. Louis Browns in his first major league start (also not his first major league game). This game would prove to be one of only three major league wins that Holloman achieved, against seven losses, all in 1953. Bill Veeck, then-owner of the Browns, in his autobiography described the 27 outs of Holloman's no-hitter as consisting of hard-hit ground balls, screaming line drives, and deep fly balls. At the other end of the spectrum, there are nine 300-game winners—Grover Cleveland Alexander, Kid Nichols, Lefty Grove, Early Wynn, Steve Carlton, Don Sutton, Greg Maddux, Roger Clemens and Tom Glavine—who failed to pitch a no-hitter.

text: On August 11, 1991, Wilson Álvarez of the Chicago White Sox pitched a no-hitter in his second career major league start. During Alvarez's first career start, he had allowed three runs on a pair of home runs and did not retire a single batter. Unlike Jones and Holloman, Alvarez went on to win 102 games over a 16-year career.

text: Clay Buchholz pitched a no-hitter for the Boston Red Sox in his second major league start on September 1, 2007 at Fenway Park. The game ended in a 10–0 victory for the Red Sox over the Baltimore Orioles.

text: Nine-inning no-hitters in a losing effort[edit]

text: Unlike a perfect game, in which no batters reach base, in regular no-hitters batters can reach base in other ways, such as a walk, an error, or a hit batsman, thus it is possible for the team pitching the no-hitter to lose. On April 23, 1964, Ken Johnson of the Houston Colt .45s became the only pitcher to lose a complete game no-hitter in nine innings when he was beaten, 1–0, by Cincinnati. The winning run was scored by Pete Rose in the top of the ninth inning via an error, groundout, and another error.[17]

text: On April 30, 1967, Steve Barber and Stu Miller of the Baltimore Orioles pitched a combined no-hitter, but lost 2–1 to the Detroit Tigers.[18]

text: On July 1, 1990, Andy Hawkins of the Yankees pitched an eight-inning no-hitter (the Yankees were the away team) against the Chicago White Sox and lost the game 4–0 after an eighth inning which saw three errors.[19] The four runs that the White Sox scored are the most by any team in a game in which they had no hits.[20] Because Hawkins only threw eight innings, this game is not recognized as an official no-hitter by Major League Baseball; however, it was considered a no-hitter at the time it was pitched. Years after the game, the rules regarding no-hitters, (and rules regarding other statistics), were changed and applied retroactively in order to "clean up the record book". The Hawkins "no-hitter" failed on at least two provisions of the new standards. To be classified a valid no-hitter, the pitcher must face opposing batters in at least nine innings.

text: Jered Weaver and José Arredondo of the Angels also combined for eight innings of no-hit baseball in a 1–0 road loss to the Dodgers June 28, 2008, where Matt Kemp reached on an error, stole second, advanced to third on another error, and scored on a sacrifice fly. However, since the Angels only pitched eight innings, this game is not recognized as an official no-hitter.

text: Shortened no-hitters[edit]

text: A game that cannot continue due to weather or darkness may be considered a completed official game, as long as at least five innings have been completed. Until 1991, any such game in which a pitcher held the opposing team without hits was considered an official no-hitter; however under the current rule, a no-hitter must last for at least nine innings to count. As the rule was applied retroactively, thirty-six games in which a no-hitter was interrupted by weather or darkness, with lengths ranging from 5 to 8 innings, are no longer considered no-hitters.

text: If the home team leads after the top of the ninth, they do not bat in the bottom of the ninth, thus the visiting team only pitches 8 innings. Since it is possible to score runs without getting hits, a visiting team can complete a full game without allowing a hit but not be credited with an official no-hitter. This has happened four times in MLB history: Silver King (1890), Andy Hawkins (1990), and Matt Young (1992) pitched complete games without allowing a hit, but pitched only 8 innings as the losing pitcher from the visiting team, and thus are not credited with a no-hitter.[21][22] On June 28, 2008, Jered Weaver and José Arredondo of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim threw 8 no-hit innings against the Los Angeles Dodgers at Dodger Stadium, but lost the game, 1–0, and are not credited with a no-hitter. This is the first near no-hitter of this kind in which more than one pitcher was involved.

text: No-hitters lost in extra innings[edit]

text: A game that is a no-hitter through nine innings may be lost in extra innings. Under current rules, such a game is not considered an official no-hitter because the pitcher did not keep the opponent hitless for the entire course of the game.

text: On May 2, 1917, a game between the Chicago Cubs and the Cincinnati Reds reached the end of nine innings in a hitless scoreless tie,[23] the only time in baseball history that neither team has had a hit in regulation. Both Hippo Vaughn of the Cubs and Fred Toney of the Reds continued pitching into the tenth inning. Vaughn lost his no-hitter in the top of the tenth, as the Reds got two hits and scored the winning run. Toney retired the side in the bottom of the tenth and recorded a ten-inning no-hitter. This game was long considered a "double no-hitter", but Vaughn is no longer credited with a no-hitter under the current rules.

text: Of the thirteen potential no-hitters that have been lost in extra innings, two were perfect games until the inning when the first hit was surrendered. On May 26, 1959, Harvey Haddix of the Pittsburgh Pirates pitched a remarkable twelve perfect innings against the Milwaukee Braves before losing the perfect game on an error and then the no-hitter and the game in the thirteenth inning. On June 3, 1995, Pedro Martínez of the Montreal Expos pitched nine perfect innings against the San Diego Padres before giving up a hit in the tenth and exiting the game, which the Expos then won, 1–0.[24]

text: On August 23, 2017, in a game between the Los Angeles Dodgers and the Pittsburgh Pirates, Dodgers pitcher Rich Hill pitched nine no-hit innings, only to lose his no-hit bid (and the game) on a walk-off homer by Josh Harrison in the 10th inning.[25] This was another potential perfect game; the perfect game was broken up by a ninth-inning error, the first time this had happened in MLB history.[26]

text: No-hitter droughts[edit]

text: Only one existing franchise in Major League Baseball has not had a pitcher toss a no-hitter: the San Diego Padres, who have gone 49 years without a no-hitter since they entered Major League Baseball in 1969. Their closest bid came against the Philadelphia Phillies on July 18, 1972; Steve Arlin came within one out of a no-hitter before Denny Doyle broke up the bid with a single. On July 9, 2011, five Padres pitchers combined for 8 2⁄3 innings of no-hit pitching against the Los Angeles Dodgers before Juan Uribe hit a double, which was followed by a Dioner Navarro single that won the game, which had been scoreless up to that point.

text: Of all the teams that have thrown at least one no-hit game, however, the Cleveland Indians, as of end of the 2017 MLB season, have had the longest drought; the last such game thrown by the team was by Len Barker on May 15, 1981, which was also a perfect game.

text: The New York Mets, who began play in 1962, went without a no-hitter until Johan Santana pitched one on the night of June 1, 2012, against the St. Louis Cardinals at home at Citi Field. The 8–0 victory closed out their era as the oldest franchise without a no-hitter and ended a drought that lasted 8,019 regular-season and 74 post-season games. Mets pitchers have thrown 39 one-hitters.

text: The longest no-hitter drought in Major League history was suffered by the Philadelphia Phillies between May 1, 1906, and June 21, 1964, a span that encompassed 8,945 games.

text: The Washington Nationals achieved their first no-hitter on September 28, 2014.[27] The franchise has four previous no-hitters in its history as the Montreal Expos, including a perfect game by Dennis Martínez.

text: Six current NL teams—the Braves, Dodgers, Giants, Phillies, Cubs and Reds—all pitched their first no-hitters before the advent of the American League in 1901. Among the early National League teams still playing, the last to get their first no-hitter was the St. Louis Cardinals, when Jesse Haines pitched one on July 17, 1924. Of the original American League teams, the last team to get their first no-hitter was the New York Yankees, when George Mogridge pitched one on April 24, 1917. There are a number of short-lived Major League franchises from the nineteenth century that folded without ever recording a no-hitter.

text:
Date of No-hitter
Pitcher(s)
Franchise
Time Since No-hitter

June 25, 2010
Edwin Jackson
Arizona Diamondbacks
7003289500000000000♠7 years, 338 days

April 8, 1994
Kent Mercker
Atlanta Braves
7003881700000000000♠24 years, 51 days

July 13, 1991
Bob Milacki (6 IP)
Mike Flanagan (1 IP)
Mark Williamson (1 IP)
Gregg Olson (1 IP)
Baltimore Orioles
7003981700000000000♠26 years, 320 days

May 19, 2008
Jon Lester
Boston Red Sox
7003366200000000000♠10 years, 10 days

April 21, 2016
Jake Arrieta
Chicago Cubs
7002768000000000000♠2 years, 38 days

April 21, 2012
Philip Humber
Chicago White Sox
7003222900000000000♠6 years, 38 days

July 2, 2013
Homer Bailey
Cincinnati Reds
7003179200000000000♠4 years, 331 days

May 15, 1981
Len Barker
Cleveland Indians
7004135280000000000♠37 years, 14 days

April 17, 2010
Ubaldo Jiménez
Colorado Rockies
7003296400000000000♠8 years, 42 days

May 7, 2011
Justin Verlander
Detroit Tigers
7003257900000000000♠7 years, 22 days

August 21, 2015
Mike Fiers
Houston Astros
7003101200000000000♠2 years, 281 days

August 26, 1991
Bret Saberhagen
Kansas City Royals
7003977300000000000♠26 years, 276 days

May 2, 2012
Jered Weaver
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
7003221800000000000♠6 years, 27 days

May 4, 2018
Walker Buehler (6 IP)
Tony Cingrani (1 IP)
Yimi Garcia (1 IP)
Adam Liberatore (1 IP)
Los Angeles Dodgers
7001250000000000000♠25 days

June 3, 2017
Edinson Vólquez
Miami Marlins
7002360000000000000♠360 days

April 15, 1987
Juan Nieves
Milwaukee Brewers
7004113670000000000♠31 years, 44 days

May 3, 2011
Francisco Liriano
Minnesota Twins
7003258300000000000♠7 years, 26 days

June 1, 2012
Johan Santana
New York Mets
7003218800000000000♠5 years, 362 days

July 18, 1999
David Cone
New York Yankees
7003689000000000000♠18 years, 315 days

April 21, 2018
Sean Manaea
Oakland Athletics
7001380000000000000♠38 days

July 25, 2015
Cole Hamels
Philadelphia Phillies
7003103900000000000♠2 years, 308 days

July 12, 1997
Francisco Córdova (9 IP)
Ricardo Rincón (1 IP)
Pittsburgh Pirates
7003762600000000000♠20 years, 321 days

n/a
n/a
San Diego Padres
7004179490000000000♠49 years, 52 days

June 9, 2015
Chris Heston
San Francisco Giants
7003108500000000000♠2 years, 354 days

May 8, 2018
James Paxton
Seattle Mariners
7001210000000000000♠21 days

September 3, 2001
Bud Smith
St. Louis Cardinals
7003611200000000000♠16 years, 268 days

July 26, 2010
Matt Garza
Tampa Bay Rays
7003286400000000000♠7 years, 307 days

July 28, 1994
Kenny Rogers
Texas Rangers
7003870600000000000♠23 years, 305 days

September 2, 1990
Dave Stieb
Toronto Blue Jays
7004101310000000000♠27 years, 269 days

October 3, 2015
Max Scherzer
Washington Nationals
7002969000000000000♠2 years, 238 days

text: Avoiding no-hitters[edit]

text: All modern-era MLB teams have experienced at least two no-hitters pitched against them. The record for the longest period of time without being no-hit is held by the Chicago Cubs, who succeeded in getting at least one hit in every game since Sandy Koufax's perfect game against them on September 9, 1965, until they were no-hit by Cole Hamels of the Philadelphia Phillies on July 25, 2015, a period of 49 years, 318 days (7951 games – including 31 Post Season games). The second-longest streak without having an official no-hitter pitched against them is held by the New York Yankees, who had a gap of 44 years, 263 days between nine-inning no-hitters from September 21, 1958 to June 10, 2003. However, during this time, the Yankees team hitting streak ended in a rain-shortened official game on July 12, 1990,[28] after 31 years, 294 days. The St. Louis Cardinals have the second-longest team hitting streak in MLB history: May 12, 1919 to May 14, 1960, a period of 41 years, 3 days. Among AL teams, the Kansas City Royals have the longest team hitting streak: May 15, 1973 to May 19, 2008, a period of 35 years, 4 days.

text: The longest current streak is held by the Oakland Athletics at 25 years, 241 days (4103 games, including 44 postseason games) as of March 11, 2017. They were last held hitless on July 13, 1991, when four Baltimore Orioles pitchers combined to shut down the A's offense.

text: No-hitters and ballparks[edit]

text: Forbes Field, home of the Pittsburgh Pirates from the middle of the 1909 season until the middle of the 1970 season, is the only long-term major league ballpark where a no-hitter was never thrown during its existence. There are several recently built fields where no-hitters have not yet been thrown. Five parks presently in existence for a decade or more have only seen one no-hitter each: the Orioles' current home, Oriole Park at Camden Yards, known for being hitter friendly (Hideo Nomo on April 4, 2001); Coors Field, the hitter-friendly home of the Colorado Rockies (Nomo on September 17, 1996); Petco Park, home of the San Diego Padres, which initially was known as a pitcher's park but was modified with shorter fences in 2013 (Tim Lincecum on July 13, 2013); PNC Park, the current home of the Pirates, which like Forbes Field is known for being hitter-friendly (Homer Bailey on September 28, 2012); and Minute Maid Park, the home of the Houston Astros which is known for the short Crawford Boxes in left and for its deep outfield in center (Mike Fiers on August 21, 2015).

text: International competition[edit]

text: In the 2006 World Baseball Classic, Shairon Martis pitched a no-hitter for the Netherlands against Panama, however it was only seven innings due to the mercy rule.

text: Superstitions[edit]

text: One of the most common baseball superstitions is that it is bad luck to mention a no-hitter in progress, especially to the pitcher and in particular by their teammates (who sometimes even go so far as to not even be near the pitcher).[29] Some sportscasters observe this taboo while others have no reservations about mentioning no-hitters before completion. When Sandy Koufax pitched his no-hitter against the Mets in 1962, one of their 120 losses that season, Mets' coach Solly Hemus, apparently trying to jinx Koufax, kept heckling him through the game about pitching a no-hitter, according to a post-game interview Koufax gave after pitching his third no-hitter in 1964. An early biography of Koufax quoted him as telling his catcher, during that 1964 no-hitter, "Let's just go to the fastball and get this no-hit thing over with." Mickey Mantle, in an interview for Ken Burns' 1994 Baseball documentary series, related that Don Larsen, famed for his 1956 World Series perfect game, tried to talk about his no-hitter throughout the contest but much to his chagrin his Yankee teammates avoided his conversation and maintained the superstition.

text: When Los Angeles Angels rookie Bo Belinsky entered the final inning of his no-hitter in 1962, Baltimore Orioles outfielder Jackie Brandt passed him on the field as the teams changed sides. According to Belinsky biographer Maury Allen, Brandt told Belinsky, "Nice game, Bo, but it's over. I'm leading off with a bunt single." Belinsky got Brandt out to start the final inning of his no-hitter.

text: In 2009, when Mark Buehrle was pitching his perfect game, as he exited the field after the eighth inning, White Sox broadcaster Ken Harrelson exclaimed, "Call your sons! Call your daughters! Call your friends! Call your neighbors! Mark Buehrle has a perfect game going into the ninth!" Buehrle retired the side in the ninth to complete the perfect game.

text: When Jim Bunning was pitching his perfect game in 1964, he deliberately violated this superstition, talking to his teammates about the perfect game's progress in order to dispel the tension in the dugout.[30]


document_title: Ellen's Game of Games

question_text: what do they fall into on ellens game show

text: Ellen's Game of Games

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Average viewers
(in millions)

1
9
December 19, 2017 (2017-12-19)
June 2, 2018 (2018-06-02)
N/A
N/A

2
13
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

text: Format[edit]

text: Each episode is a self-contained mini-tournament with contestants being selected to play in one of four preliminary games. The winner of each game advances to the semi-final round to play "Know or Go." The last remaining player will play the "Hot Hands" game for a chance to win $100,000.

text: Preliminary games[edit]

text:
Aw Snap - Contestants are joined by a bungee cord. The first contestant to move five apples into a basket, using only their teeth, advances.
Blindfolded Musical Chairs - Five contestants are blindfolded. In each of four heats, the contestants dance on a dance floor until the music stops; Ellen then presses buttons that cause stools to rise up from the floor. The first contestant to sit on each chair advances; the last contestant in each heat is eliminated. At the end of the fourth round, the winning contestant advances.
Danger Word - Two teams of two compete. One member of each team stands by Ellen, and acts as a clue-giver; the other member of the team sits behind three cannons. For each round, there is a "winning word" and a related "danger word" (e.g., winning word "lettuce," danger word "salad"). The two teams then alternate giving clues, Password-style. If a guesser gives the winning word, the opposing team gets a strike (and the opposing guesser gets sprayed with something from one of the cannons); if a guesser gives the danger word, his or her team gets a strike, and he or she gets sprayed. The first team to get 3 strikes is eliminated, and the winning team chooses one contestant to play Know or Go.
Dizzy Dash - Ellen reads a trivia question. Before contestants can answer, they are spun around to disorient them; to answer the question, the contestants must run to a nearby podium and grab the ball on top of it. The first contestant to answer three questions correctly advances.
Don't Leave Me Hanging - Three contestants are suspended from harnesses. The contestants take turns coming up with answers that fit a given category, such as "States that end in 'A'." A category ends when one contestant gives an incorrect answer, repeats a previous answer, or takes too long to respond; that contestant gets a strike. A contestant who gets 3 strikes is eliminated, and is launched to the top of the studio.
In Your Face, Honey - Two couples compete against each other: one member from each couple attempting to throw a ball as close to the target as possible. Whichever couple accumulates the most points after two attempts decides who will advance to Know or Go.
Make It Rain - Two contestants answer trivia questions asked by Ellen for turns at pulling down one of several umbrellas; one of which contains a cash prize of $10,000 in addition to a chance at playing for Know or Go, the rest filled with water.
Master Blaster - Three contestants compete to solve a jigsaw-style puzzle. The contestants are attached to bungee cords; the losing contestants are "blasted" into the air.
One-Eyed Monster - One at a time, contestants enter the monster. They must answer a question whose answer is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. For each number the contestant is off, he or she must pull one of the monster's teeth (e.g., if the correct answer is 3, saying either 2 or 4 results in pulling one tooth). However if the contestant gets the answer exactly right, he or she will not have to pull out any teeth and is safe. Pulling the wrong tooth causes the monster's jaws to snap shut, eliminating the contestant.
Say Whaaaat? - Eight contestants form two teams of four. One member of the team must relay a message to the other member, who is wearing headphones and therefore must use lip reading. The team that collects the most points wins, and chooses one member to compete in Know or Go. if there is a tie the teams must do it again.
Scary Go Round - Contestants must try to move three large balls across a series of rotating platforms within 3 minutes. The second contestant can fire balls from a "ball blaster" to impede the first contestant's progress. The contestant who completes the task in the faster time wins. if there is a tie, both players must do it again.
Tuba Toothpaste - Contestants are seated before a row of buttons shaped like valves on a tuba. Ellen then poses ridiculously hard trivia questions to each contestant in turn. When a contestant misses a question, Ellen spins a wheel to determine how many valves (one, two, or three) the contestant must press. but if a contestant somehow gets it right, he or she is safe. One of the valves causes the tuba to eject toothpaste at the contestant; when that happens, the other contestant advances.
You Bet Your Wife - Two teams of spouses or fiancés compete. Two husbands/fiancés bid auction-style on how many answers their wives/fiancés can give in a given category (e.g., "national brands of toothpaste") within 30 seconds. When one husband challenges, the other team's wife must give the required number of responses (there is no penalty for incorrect answers). Giving the required number of responses earns 1 point; the opposing teams earns a point if the challenged team fails, with Ellen sending the wife/fiancé falling. The first team to earn 3 points wins, and then chooses one member of the pair to play Know or Go.

tag: ul

text: Know or Go[edit]

text: The 4 winning contestants of each preliminary game stand on a platform 30 feet in the air. One by one they are given a category, and each contestant is asked a question in turn from left to right. When a contestant misses a question or answers it incorrectly, the contestant is eliminated, and falls through a chute beneath his or her feet. The last contestant remaining wins and advances to Hot Hands.

text: Hot Hands[edit]

text: The contestant has 30 seconds to identify the faces of ten celebrities that fit a category ("80s Stars" in the premiere). After identifying a celebrity, the contestant must press a button to move on to the next face. Contestants may pass if they are unsure; after three seconds, the next face automatically appears. Contestants earn an escalating amount of money based on the number of faces they correctly identify, as shown in the table below; correctly identifying ten celebrities earns the grand prize of $100,000.

text:
Correct answers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Money won
$100
$1,000
$2,500
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$75,000
$100,000

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Game of Games"
December 18, 2017
1.7/6
7.23[5]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

2
"I'll Have What She's Playing"
January 2, 2018
2.2/8
8.84[6]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

3
"Say Hello to My Little Friends"
January 2, 2018
2.4/8
8.88[6]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

4
"Hasta la Vista, Honey!"
January 9, 2018
2.1/8
7.87[7]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

5
"Just Keep Spinning"
January 16, 2018
2.2/8
8.78[8]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

6
"You Can't Handle the Toothpaste"
January 23, 2018
1.8/7
7.57[9]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

7
"Ellen, We Have a Problem"
January 30, 2018
1.8/7
7.58[10]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

8
"I See Dizzy People"
February 6, 2018
1.9/7
7.70[11]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD