document_title: Lana Del Rey

question_text: where does lana del rey live in la

question_tokens: where does lana del rey live in la

text: Lana Del Rey

text: Early life

text: Elizabeth Woolridge Grant was born in New York City on June 21, 1985[1][6] to Robert England Grant, Jr., a Grey Group copywriter turned entrepreneur, and Patricia Ann "Pat" (née Hill), a former Grey account executive turned high school teacher.[7][8][9][10] She has one younger sister, Caroline Grant,[11] and one brother, Charlie.[12][13] Her paternal grandfather, Robert England Grant, Sr. was a Kidder, Peabody & Co. investment banker, a vice president for Plough, Inc and Textron, and venture capitalist.[14] She has Scottish ancestry from both her mother and father.[15]

text: Grant grew up in Lake Placid, New York,[16] and was raised Roman Catholic.[17] She attended a Catholic elementary school[13] and for one year, a high school where her mother taught.[18] She began singing in her church choir when she was a child, where she was the cantor.[13][19] At age fifteen,[6][18][20] she was sent to Kent School by her parents[20] to resolve a budding drinking problem.[21] Her uncle, an admissions officer at the boarding school, secured her financial aid to attend.[a]

text: After graduating, Del Rey was accepted to the State University of New York at Geneseo, but she decided not to attend and instead spent a year living on Long Island with her aunt and uncle while working as a waitress.[7] During this time, Del Rey's uncle taught her how to play guitar, and she "realized [that she] could probably write a million songs with those six chords."[25] Shortly after, she began writing songs and performing in nightclubs around the city under various names such as "Sparkle Jump Rope Queen" and "Lizzy Grant and the Phenomena."[25] "I was always singing, but didn't plan on pursuing it seriously", Del Rey said. "When I got to New York City when I was eighteen, I started playing in clubs in Brooklyn—I have good friends and devoted fans on the underground scene, but we were playing for each other at that point—and that was it."[6]

text: The following fall, at age nineteen, she enrolled at Fordham University where she majored in philosophy, with an emphasis on metaphysics.[6] She has said she chose to study the subject because it "bridged the gap between God and science... I was interested in God and how technology could bring us closer to finding out where we came from and why."[6][15][26] According to Del Rey, she had trouble making friends in both boarding school and college.[27][28] She lived in The Bronx[29] while attending Fordham. Before graduating in 2008, she moved to North Bergen, New Jersey. She was also a Brooklyn resident for four years.[20]

text: In college, Del Rey did volunteer work at homeless youth and drug and alcohol outreach programs, as well as helping paint and rebuild houses on an Indian reservation in Utah.[13] She would cite this trip as integral in her decision to become a songwriter: "I remember exactly when I decided that I wanted to be a singer. I was in college, [and] we went to the Indian reservation. That day I realized that I had only two options: either making music or volunteering for a good cause. I chose the first option. If it [had] not [worked], I would [have] probably [done] social work in any small town."[30]

text: Career

text: 2005–2010: Career beginnings and Lana Del Ray

text:
I wanted to be part of a high-class scene of musicians. It was half-inspired because I didn't have many friends, and I was hoping that I would meet people and fall in love and start a community around me, the way they used to do in the '60s.

—Del Rey explaining why she went into the music industry.[28]

tag: div

text: On April 25, 2005, a seven-track extended play was registered under Elizabeth Woolridge Grant with the United States Copyright Office. The application title was Rock Me Stable with another title Young Like Me also listed.[31] A second extended play, titled From the End, was also recorded under Del Rey's stage name at the time, May Jailer.[32] Between 2005 and 2006, she recorded an acoustic album titled Sirens under the May Jailer project,[32] which later leaked on the internet in mid-2012.[b]

text: At her first performance in 2006 for the Williamsburg Live Songwriting Competition, Del Rey met Van Wilson, an A&R representative for 5 Points Records,[38][39] an independent label owned by David Nichtern.[39] In 2007, while a senior at Fordham, Del Rey submitted a demo tape of acoustic tracks titled No Kung Fu to 5 Points Records,[32] who subsequently offered her a recording contract for $10,000.[32] Del Rey used the money to relocate to Manhattan Mobile Home Park, a trailer park in North Bergen, New Jersey,[6][20] and subsequently began working with producer David Kahne,[39] with whom she released a three-track EP titled Kill Kill in October 2008 as Lizzy Grant.[40] She explained that "David asked to work with me only a day after he got my demo. He is known as a producer with a lot of integrity and who had an interest in making music that wasn't just pop."[41] The album, however, was shelved, causing her to shift her focus: She began to work in community service. "Homeless outreach, drug, and alcohol rehabilitation—that's been my life for the past five years", she told Vogue UK in 2012.[6] Her debut full-length album, titled Lana Del Ray, was released in January 2010.[42] Her father, Robert Grant, helped with the marketing of the album,[42] which was available for purchase on iTunes for a brief period before being withdrawn.

text: David Kahne, who produced Grant and previous label owner David Nichtern have both stated that Grant bought the rights back from her label, 5 Points, as she wanted it out of circulation to "stifle future opportunities to distribute it—an echo of rumors that the action was part of a calculated strategy.[43][44]

text: Del Rey met her current managers, Ben Mawson and Ed Millett, three months after Lana Del Ray and they helped her to get out of her contract with 5 Points Records, where, in her opinion, "nothing was happening." Shortly after, she moved to London, and moved in with Mawson "for a few years."[13] When choosing her stage name, she said: "I wanted a name I could shape the music towards. I was going to Miami quite a lot at the time, speaking a lot of Spanish with my friends from Cuba – Lana Del Rey reminded us of the glamour of the seaside. It sounded gorgeous coming off the tip of the tongue."[45] She has said her lawyers and managers made up the name Lana Del Rey and persuaded her to adopt it.[46] On September 1, 2010, Del Rey was featured by Mando Diao in their MTV Unplugged concert at Union Film-Studios in Berlin.[47]

text: 2011–2013: Born to Die and Paradise

text: After uploading them to her YouTube channel in 2011, Del Rey's videos for the songs "Video Games" and "Blue Jeans" became viral internet sensations,[2] and she was signed by Stranger Records to release "Video Games" as her debut single.[48] She told The Observer, "I just put that song online a few months ago because it was my favorite. To be honest, it wasn't going to be the single but people have really responded to it."[6] The song earned her a Q award for "Next Big Thing" in October 2011[49] and an Ivor Novello for "Best Contemporary Song" in 2012.[50] The same month, she signed a joint deal with Interscope Records and Polydor to work on her second studio album Born to Die.[25][51][52][53]

text: Del Rey built anticipation to the album by doing a number of live appearances, such as promotional concerts at the Bowery Ballroom and at the Chateau Marmont, and with performances at television shows such as De Wereld Draait Door, and Later... with Jools Holland.[54][55][56][57]

text: Del Rey also performed two songs from the album on Saturday Night Live on January 14, 2012 and received a negative response from critics and the general public. Del Rey's performance was defended by the evening program's guest host, actor Daniel Radcliffe, despite not having seen her performance.[58] She had earlier defended her spot on the program, saying: "I'm a good musician [...] I have been singing for a long time, and I think that [SNL creator] Lorne Michaels knows that [...] it's not a fluke decision."[59] The following week on SNL, Kristen Wiig impersonated Del Rey where she humorously defended herself during Weekend Update.[60]

text: Born to Die was officially released on January 31, 2012 worldwide, and reached number one in 11 countries, though critical reaction was divided.[61][62] The same week, she announced she had bought back the rights to her 2010 debut album, and had plans to re-release it in the summer of 2012 under Interscope Records and Polydor.[63] Contrary to Del Rey's press statement, her previous record label and producer David Kahne have both stated that she bought the rights to the album when she and the label parted company, due to the offer of a new deal, in April 2010.[51][64] Born to Die sold 3.4 million copies in 2012, making it the fifth-best-selling album of 2012.[65][66][67] In the United States, Born to Die charted on the Billboard 200 album chart well into 2012, lingering at number 76, after 36 weeks on the chart.[68] In an interview with RTVE on June 15, 2012, she announced her new album would be out in November.[69] Mid-September saw the official announcement of Paradise's lead single, "Ride".[70][71]

text: On September 19, 2012, the music video for "Blue Velvet" was released through H&M.[72] One day later, on September 20, "Blue Velvet" became available for purchase as a promotional single. "Ride" became available for purchase on September 25, 2012. The music video for "Ride" was premiered at the Aero Theatre in Santa Monica, California on October 10, 2012.[73][74] Some critics panned the video as pro-prostitution[74][75] and antifeminist, the latter being a word attributed to Del Rey's work since "Video Games".[76][77]

text: Del Rey's Paradise Edition of Born to Die was set to be released on November 12. With the release of her third EP, Paradise, Del Rey spawned her second top 10 album in the United States, debuting at number 10 on the Billboard 200 with 67,000 copies sold in its first week.[78]

text: At the 2012 MTV Europe Music Awards, Del Rey received nominations in the categories Best Alternative, Best Push, and Best New Act. Winning Best Alternative, Del Rey presented the award for Best Female to Taylor Swift.[79] At the 2013 BRIT Awards, she won the award for International Female Solo Artist, making it her second BRIT Award to date.[80] Her win surprised critics who highly anticipated Taylor Swift to win the award.[80] In March 2013, she recited Walt Whitman's poem "Song of Myself" for the French fashion magazine, L'Officiel Paris.[81]

text: Del Rey's seventh single, "Dark Paradise", was released as a single in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland on March 1, 2013. Del Rey won the ECHO Awards for Best International Newcomer and Best International Pop/Rock Artist on March 21, 2013.[82] A music video for Del Rey's cover of Leonard Cohen's "Chelsea Hotel#2" was released on March 27, 2013.[83] The following month, in April 2013, another self-produced video was released; it showed Del Rey and her boyfriend, Barrie-James O'Neil, covering "Summer Wine", by Lee Hazlewood. "Burning Desire" became available for purchase as a stand-alone download on March 19, 2013 as the second promotional single from Paradise; its music video was premiered the previous month on Valentine's Day of 2013.[84]

text: 2013: Film projects and Tropico

text: After the release of Paradise, Del Rey penned the original song "Young and Beautiful" for the soundtrack of the 2013 film adaptation of The Great Gatsby with director, co-writer, and co-producer Baz Luhrmann.[85]

text: Following the song's release, it peaked at 22 on the Billboard Hot 100, making it Del Rey's highest peak on the chart.[86] However, shortly after its release to contemporary hit radio, the label prematurely pulled it and decided to send a different song to that format; on July 2, 2013, a Cedric Gervais remix of Del Rey's "Summertime Sadness" was sent there; a sleeper hit, the song proved to be a success, surpassing "Young and Beautiful", reaching number 6 and becoming her first American top ten hit.[87] The remix won the Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical in 2013.[88]

text: Alongside Paradise, Del Rey announced plans to launch a short film titled Tropico.[89][90] Tropico was filmed in late June 2013 and directed by Anthony Mandler.[90]

text: On November 22, 2013, an official trailer for Tropico was released; at the end of the trailer, it was announced that the film would be uploaded to Del Rey's official VEVO account on December 5, 2013.[91] The short film premiered on December 4 at Cinerama Dome in Hollywood. Before showing the film, Del Rey told the audience "I really just wanted us all to be together so I could try and visually close out my chapter before I release the new record, Ultraviolence".[92][93] Journalists identified the phrase from the Anthony Burgess' dystopian novel A Clockwork Orange (1962), but reports were conflicting as to whether or not the title was stylized as one or two words.[93][94] On December 6, 2013, an EP, also titled Tropico, was made available for purchase via iTunes; it includes the film itself along with the three aforementioned songs.[95][96]

text: 2014–2016: Ultraviolence and Honeymoon

text: On January 23, 2014, it was announced that Del Rey would be covering the song "Once Upon a Dream" (from the 1959 film Sleeping Beauty) for the 2014 dark fantasy film Maleficent. The single was released on January 26.[97]

text: On February 20, Del Rey posted a picture of herself and Dan Auerbach on Twitter with the caption "Me and Dan Auerbach are excited to present you Ultraviolence".[98]

text: The first single off Ultraviolence, "West Coast", was released on April 14.[99]

text: On May 23, Del Rey performed three songs at Kim Kardashian and Kanye West's pre-wedding celebration at the Palace of Versailles.[100] West had previously played Del Rey's "Young & Beautiful" during his proposal to Kardashian in October 2013.[101] "Shades of Cool", the second single, was released on May 26, 2014.[102] The third single and title track, "Ultraviolence", was released on June 4.[103] June 8 saw the release of the fourth single, "Brooklyn Baby".[104]

text: Ultraviolence was released on June 13, 2014, and debuted at number one in 12 countries, including the United States and United Kingdom. The album sold 880,000 copies in its first week, worldwide.[105] She described her third studio album as being "more stripped down but still cinematic and dark".[106]

text: A Rolling Stone article revealed that Del Rey would be a guest on Brian Wilson's forthcoming studio album No Pier Pressure.[107] Two new songs by Del Rey, "Big Eyes" and "I Can Fly", featured in Tim Burton's 2014 biographical film Big Eyes, which focused on the American artist Margaret Keane. "Big Eyes" was co-written by Daniel Heath, while "I Can Fly" was co-written by Rick Nowels.[108]

text: In December 2014, Del Rey announced she would be headlining a tour in Summer 2015, deemed "The Endless Summer Tour". Eight of the shows featured Courtney Love,[109] and ten of the shows featured Grimes. Also in December 2014, in an interview with Galore Magazine, Del Rey revealed she began working on a new album, which she said would be released sometime in 2015.[110] She told Grazia Magazine about how she wanted to introduce orchestrations with monumental choruses with a touch of subdued grunge for the album, "I played Mark Ronson ten songs that I have composed for this next album. It explores a sound close to the golden age of jazz", she said.[111] Earlier that month, Del Rey also mentioned to Galore Magazine that she is already at the recording stage for the album and that "[she's] also always writing small pieces for independent films etc. Dan Heath and Rick Nowels are two of my dearest friends and producers and we are always up to something."[112] In January 2015, Del Rey stated in an interview with the LA Times that a song on her new record would be titled "Music to Watch Boys To".[113] The same month, a song she recorded for Emile Haynie's album titled Wait for Life was released.[114] She also recorded "Life is Beautiful", a song featured in the trailer for the movie The Age of Adaline.

text: In June 2014, she said "I have this idea for this record called Music to Watch Boys To, so I'm just kind of thinking about that and what that would mean."[115] Del Rey later confirmed in an interview with Billboard that her new record would be entitled Honeymoon.[116]

text: On January 15, 2015, Del Rey received a BRIT Award nomination for International Female Solo Artist, her second nomination in the category and third overall.[117]

text: On July 14, 2015, Del Rey released "Honeymoon", the first and title track from the album.[118][119] She revealed that the album would contain fourteen tracks, describing the songs with "a muddy trap energy and some inspired by late-night Miles Davis drives".[120]

text: On August 4, 2015, Del Rey revealed the first single "High by the Beach", which was released on August 10, 2015.[121] On August 4, 2015, The Weeknd also revealed the track listing for his upcoming second studio album Beauty Behind the Madness which features a collaboration with Del Rey, entitled "Prisoner".[122] On August 21, 2015, she released "Terrence Loves You" as a promotional single, available instantly with the pre-order of the album.[123][124] The title track was later released as a promotional single on September 7, 2015.[125] Honeymoon was released on September 18, 2015[126] to general acclaim from music critics,[127] who praised the music and Del Rey's sophistication and vocal performance.

text: In November 2015, Del Rey executive produced a short film Hi How Are You Daniel Johnston, documenting the life of Daniel Johnston. For the film, she also covered one of Johnston's songs, called "Some Things Last a Long Time", from his album 1990. For the cover, she collaborated with producer Justin Parker.[128] Also in November 2015, Del Rey received the Trailblazer Award at the Billboard Women in Music ceremony[129] and won the MTV Europe Music Award for Best Alternative.[130]

text: On February 9, 2016, Del Rey hosted a premiere for the music video of her song "Freak". It was located at The Wiltern, in Los Angeles. The video debuted via Del Rey's VEVO on the same date. In December 2015, Del Rey started announcing festival dates for Europe and North America to promote Honeymoon.[131] She performed at these festivals from June 2016 to November 2016.

text: 2016–present: Lust for Life

text: In October 2015, Del Rey announced that she planned writing material for her new record.[132] She stated that her last two albums had a "Californian" sound, but if she were to make an album with a "New York" sound it would be a little harder, faster, more upbeat, and less dreamy.[133] In January 2016, Del Rey was nominated with the "Favorite Female Artist" award at the People's Choice Awards, and she also received a Brit Award nomination for International Female Solo Artist, her third nomination in the category and fourth overall.[134][135] In February and March 2016, Del Rey and her managers, respectively, officially revealed that she began working on her fifth studio album, just months after releasing her fourth.[136][137]

text: In 2016, Del Rey performed on two songs on The Weeknd's third studio album Starboy.[138] She provided uncredited backing vocals on "Party Monster" and was featured on an interlude entitled "Stargirl Interlude".[139]

text: "Love", the lead single off of Del Rey's fifth studio album, Lust for Life,[140] was released on February 18, 2017.[141][142][143] The music video was directed by Rich Lee.[144]

text: Soon after, Lust for Life was officially announced on March 29, 2017, when a trailer for the album was uploaded to Del Rey's Vevo channel.[140] The album includes collaborations with Stevie Nicks[145] and other artists,[146] and was released on July 21, 2017.[147] About the album, Del Rey stated "I made my first 4 albums for me, but this one is for my fans and about where I hope we are all headed."[148]

text: During a livestream in February 2017, Del Rey described the aesthetic of the album as having a "retro sensibility with a futuristic flair". She released the official cover art for Lust for Life on April 11, 2017. Her first collaboration, "Lust for Life" featuring The Weeknd, was released on April 19, 2017 as the second single from the album.[149] Del Rey released the song "Coachella – Woodstock in My Mind" on May 15, 2017.[150]

text: On July 12, BBC Radio 1 aired "Summer Bummer", which features ASAP Rocky and Playboi Carti, and "Groupie Love" which features Rocky as well.[151] Lust for Life received widespread critical acclaim and became Del Rey's third album number-one in the United Kingdom, and second album number-one album in the United States.[152][153]

text: On September 27, 2017, Del Rey announced the LA to the Moon Tour, an official concert tour with Jhené Aiko and Kali Uchis to further promote the album. The tour began in North America during January 2018[154] and is set to conclude in August.

text: Lust for Life was nominated for Best Pop Vocal Album for the 60th Grammy Awards, it is Del Rey's second nomination in this category, and third Grammy Award nomination overall as a lead.[155]

text: Del Rey's vocals are featured on a track from Jonathan Wilson's 2018 album Rare Birds on a track entitled "Living with Myself".[156] Subsequently, Del Rey collaborated with synth-pop artist Børns on his sophomore album Blue Madonna, appearing on the first track "God Save Our Young Blood" and providing vocals for the title track.[157] On March 5, 2018, Del Rey's cover of "You Must Love Me" from Andrew Lloyd Webber's musical Evita was released. The cover appeared on Webber's compilation album, Unmasked: The Platinum Collection.[158]

text: Artistry

text: Musical style

text: Del Rey's musical sound has been dubbed "Hollywood sadcore" by music critics.[159][160] Her music has been repeatedly noted for its cinematic sound and its references to various aspects of pop culture, particularly that of 1950s and 1960s Americana.[c] Del Rey elaborated on this in an interview with Artistdirect, saying "I wasn't even born in the '50s but I feel like I was there."[168]

text: Associated with several styles, Del Rey's music has been tagged broadly as dream pop[169][170] or baroque pop[171][172][173] linked to various forms of rock,[174][175] indie music,[176] and trip hop,[177][178][179][180] and often touching on styles such as hip hop,[181] trap music,[182] and psychedelic rock on particular releases.[183] Of Born to Die, indie music journal Drowned in Sound wrote, "She likes that whole hip hop thing though, has this whole swagger thing going that not many girls like her got", adding that it sounded like a poppier Bond soundtrack.[184]

text: In "National Anthem", "Off to the Races,"[184] and "Diet Mountain Dew", Del Rey employs this alternative rapping technique.[177]

text: Del Rey's subsequent releases would introduce variant styles, particularly Ultraviolence, which employed a guitar-based sound akin to psychedelic and desert rock.[185] Kenneth Partridge of Billboard noted this shift in style, writing: "She sings about drugs, cars, money, and the bad boys she's always falling for, and while there remains a sepia-toned mid-century flavor to many of these songs, [Del Rey] is no longer fronting like a thugged-out Bette Davis."[186] Upon the release of Honeymoon, one reviewer characterized Del Rey's body of work as being "about music as a time warp, with her languorous croons over molasses-like arrangements meant to make clock hands seem to move so slowly that it feels possible, at times, they might go backwards."[187]

text: Del Rey has been described as a "self-styled gangsta Nancy Sinatra" and "Lolita lost in the hood."[188]

text: Prior to coming to prominence under the stage name Lana Del Rey, she performed under the names Lizzy Grant, Lana Rey Del Mar,[189] Sparkle Jump Rope Queen,[190] and May Jailer.[191] Under the stage name Lizzy Grant, she referred to her music as "Hawaiian glam metal",[192] while the work of her May Jailer project was acoustic.[191][193][194]

text: Influences

text: Del Rey cites a wide array of musical artists as influences, including numerous performers from the mid-twentieth century, including Elvis Presley, Frank Sinatra, Cat Power, Fiona Apple, Hope Sandoval, Father John Misty, Antony and the Johnsons, Nina Simone, Billie Holiday, Julie London,[195] Bobby Vinton, The Crystals, Miles Davis, The Shangri-Las, Janis Joplin, Axl Rose, The Eagles, Lou Reed, Bob Seger, and Bruce Springsteen.[196] "[I really] just like the masters of every genre", she told BBC radio presenter Jo Whiley.[197] Her favorite artists include Bob Dylan, Frank Sinatra, Jeff Buckley, Joan Baez, Leonard Cohen, and Eminem.[198] She covered Cohen's "Chelsea Hotel #2" in 2013.[83] Janis Joplin's live version of "Summertime" from the Cheap Thrills album is one of Del Rey's favorite songs. Del Rey has also cited "Time of the Season" by The Zombies and "Hotel California" by The Eagles as favorites and inspirations.[199]

text: Her favorite films, The Godfather, The Godfather Part II, and American Beauty have also inspired her musical style.[200] Inspired by poetry, Del Rey cites Walt Whitman and Allen Ginsberg as instrumental to her songwriting; specifically, she named Leaves of Grass by Whitman and "Howl" by Ginsberg. Her song, "Body Electric" from her third EP, Paradise, alludes to Whitman in the lyric, "Whitman is my daddy". The song's chorus of "I sing the body electric" is a direct reference to Whitman's poem "I Sing The Body Electric".[199][201] She recited Whitman's poem "Song of Myself" for the French fashion magazine, L'Officiel Paris.[81] Del Rey has also cited the surrealist film directors David Lynch and Federico Fellini and the surrealist painters Mark Ryden and Pablo Picasso as influences.[168][202]

text: Voice and timbre

text: Del Rey possesses an expansive contralto vocal range, which spans three-plus octaves and has been described as captivating and highly emotive, ranging from high notes in a girlish timbre to jazzy ornaments in her lower gesture with great ease.[203][204][205][206] Following the release of Ultraviolence, which was recorded live in single takes and lacking Pro Tools vocal editing, critics fell into favor with Del Rey's vocal ability, praising her large range, increased vocal confidence, and uniquely emotive delivery.[207][208][209] When recording in the studio Del Rey is known for vocal multi-layering, which, as it has been noted, is difficult for her to replicate within a live setting, especially with the lack of backing singers to fill out the original vocal style.[203] Stage fright has also been noted as a major contribution to Del Rey's struggles with live performances.[210] However, journalists noted in 2014 that her live performances had increased exponentially in confidence. Billboard deemed the Coachella debut of "West Coast" to be a "star-making performance" and lauded the singer's vocal abilities.[211][212] Contemporary music critics have called her voice "smoky",[213] "gravelly",[192] and reminiscent of Marilyn Monroe.[192] Upon the 2015 release of Honeymoon, her voice was compared by Los Angeles Times critic Mikael Wood to those of Julee Cruise and Eartha Kitt.[214]

text: Del Rey started the use of her lower vocals on the tracks from Born to Die, claiming that "people weren't taking me very seriously, so I lowered my voice, believing that it would help me stand out. Now I sing quite low... well, for a female anyway".[215][216][217]

text: "I sing low now, but my voice used to be a lot higher. Because of the way I look, I needed something to ground the entire project. Otherwise I think people would assume I was some airhead singer. Well, I don't think... I know. I've sung one way, and sung another, and I've seen what people are drawn to", she said on the topic.[19]

text: Live performances

text: Critics have noted Del Rey for her typically simple, but authentic live performances.[218] A September 2017 concert review published in The New York Times noted: "For more than an hour, Ms. Del Rey was eerily casual, singing and smiling with the ease of someone performing at singer-songwriter night at the local coffee shop."[218] Another review by Roy Train published in The Hollywood Reporter in 2014 noted "a distance in her bonhomie, obvious even from my perch at the opposite end of the stage high above the fray, the chill still palpable."[219]

text: Other ventures

text: In 2010, Del Rey acted in a short film called Poolside, which she made with several friends on a reported budget of $400.[220]

text: On January 4, 2012, it was reported she had signed a deal with Next Model Management agency.[221] H&M confirmed that Del Rey would be modeling and recording a cover version of the popular 1950s prom anthem "Blue Velvet" for their 2012 Autumn Campaign.[222][223] H&M's 2012 Winter campaign, featuring Lana Del Rey, was released on October 12. This is the second H&M campaign Lana Del Rey is featured in.[224][225][226]

text: On August 22, 2012, executives announced that Del Rey would endorse their new Jaguar F-Type which was unveiled by Del Rey at the Paris Motor Show in September 2012. Adrian Hallmark, Jaguar's global brand director, explained their choice, saying Del Rey had "a unique blend of authenticity and modernity".[227][228]

text: The song "Burning Desire", which was initially available for immediate digital download upon pre-ordering Del Rey's third EP, Paradise, was later made available for purchase on Amazon.com and 7digital as a stand-alone download on March 19, 2013, one month after its music video hit YouTube. The song serves as the title track to a 13-minute promotional short film for the Jaguar F-Type, called Desire. The film, directed by Adam Smith, was produced by Ridley Scott and stars Damian Lewis.[229][230]

text: In an interview for L'Officiel's first American edition in early 2018, when asked about Del Rey's interest in making a movie she responded that she had been approached to write a Broadway musical and had recently begun work on it. When asked how long it would be until completion of the work, Del Rey coyly replied, "I may finish in two or three years."[231][232]

text: Public image

text: Prior to the release of her debut major label album Born to Die in 2012, Del Rey was the subject of several articles discussing her image and career trajectory.[d] One article by Paul Harris published by The Guardian just a week before the album's release noted the differences between Del Rey's perceived persona in 2008, when she performed as Lizzy Grant, and in the present, as Lana Del Rey.[234] Harris wrote:

text: The internet has allowed figures like [Del Rey] to come rapidly to the fore of the cultural landscape, whether or not their emergence is planned by a record executive or happens spontaneously from someone's bedroom. It has speeded up the fame cycle. It is worth noting that the huge backlash to Del Rey is happening before her first album has even been released. This reveals a cultural obsession with the "authenticity" that fans, artists and corporations all prize above all else.[234]

text: Tony Simon, a producer who had worked with Del Rey in 2009, defended her against the public claims of inauthenticity and allegations that she was a product of her record label: "To be clear, all the detractors saying she's some made-up-by-the-machine pop star are full of shit. While it's impossible to keep the businesses' hands out the pop when creating a pop star, the roots of where this all comes from are firmly inside of Lizzy Grant."[32]

text: Del Rey would later respond to this in a 2017 interview, stating: "I didn't edit myself [on Born to Die] when I could have, because a lot of it's just the way it was. I mean, because I've changed a lot and a lot of those songs, it's not that I don't relate but… A lot of it too is I was just kinda nervous. I came off sort of nervously, and there was just a lot of dualities, a lot of juxtapositions going on that maybe just felt like something was a little off. Maybe the thing that was off was that I needed a little more time or something, and also my path was just so windy just to get to having a first record. I feel like I had to figure it out all by myself. Every move was just guesswork."[236]

text: Having been labeled as antifeminist multiple times in the past,[74][76][77] Del Rey dismissed feminism in June 2014, telling The Fader: "For me, the issue of feminism is just not an interesting concept. I'm more interested in, you know, SpaceX and Tesla, what's going to happen with our intergalactic possibilities. Whenever people bring up feminism, I'm like, God. I'm just not really that interested."[237]

text: She also defended herself against the accusations of antifeminism, saying "For me, a true feminist is someone who is a woman who does exactly what she wants. If my choice is to, I don't know, be with a lot of men, or if I enjoy a really physical relationship, I don't think that's necessarily being anti-feminist. For me the argument of feminism never really should have come into the picture. Because I don't know too much about the history of feminism, and so I'm not really a relevant person to bring into the conversation. Everything I was writing was so autobiographical, it could really only be a personal analysis."[238]

text: In February 2017, Del Rey implied she had plans to take part in a magic binding ritual against Donald Trump on or about February 24, March 26, April 24, May 23,[239] which she again confirmed in July 2017.[240][241]

text: Personal life

text: Del Rey stated that she suffered from alcoholism at a young age, but has been sober since 2004.[12] In September 2012, she told GQ:

text: I was a big drinker at the time. I would drink every day. I would drink alone. I thought the whole concept was so fucking cool. A great deal of what I wrote on Born to Die is about these wilderness years. When I write about the thing that I've lost I feel like I'm writing about alcohol because that was the first love of my life. My parents were worried, I was worried. I knew it was a problem when I liked it more than I liked doing anything else. I was like, 'I'm fucked. I am totally fucked'. Like, at first it's fine and you think you have a dark side – it's exciting – and then you realise the dark side wins every time if you decide to indulge in it. It's also a completely different way of living when you know that... a different species of person. It was the worst thing that ever happened to me.[242]

text: She was in a relationship with Kassidy member Barrie-James O'Neill from August 2011 until June 2014.[243][244][245] Previously, she was in a relationship with alternative rock and anti-folk musician Steven Mertens, who produced her debut album, Lana Del Ray, before it was re-recorded by David Kahne.[13]

text: Del Rey moved to a home near Hancock Park in Los Angeles in June 2014 (after living in New York City and London, England in the previous years), and she resided there with her siblings, Caroline and Charlie, for some time.[246] She relocated to a secluded beach-front home in Malibu, California, in June 2015, after dealing with trespassers at her former house.[247] She also purchased two adjacent mansions (in addition to her Malibu home) in Studio City, Los Angeles in September 2016.[248]

text: Del Rey's left hand is tattooed with the letter "M", referencing her grandmother, Madeleine,[76] and the word "paradise".[249] Her right hand is tattooed with the phrase "trust no one".[250] Del Rey is Roman Catholic.[251]

text: Discography

text:
Lana Del Ray (2010)
Born to Die (2012)
Ultraviolence (2014)
Honeymoon (2015)
Lust for Life (2017)

text: Filmography

text:
Key

Denotes films made as accompaniment pieces to Del Rey songs

text:
Year
Film
Role
Notes

2010
Poolside
Lisa
Short film; credited as Lizzy Grant

2012
National Anthem
Marilyn Monroe/Jackie Kennedy
Short film/music video

2012
Ride
Artist
Short film/music video

2013
Tropico
Eve/Virgin Mary
Short film/music video

2016
Freak
Pamela Courson
Short film/music video

text: Tours

text:
Born to Die Tour (2011–2012)[252]
Paradise Tour (2013–2014)[252]
The Endless Summer Tour (2015)
LA to the Moon Tour (2018)

text: Awards and nominations

text: Del Rey's work has earned her numerous awards and nominations; she has won the Q Award for "Best New Thing", a GQ Award for "Woman of the Year", two BRIT Awards for "International Breakthrough Act" and "International Female Solo Artist", and an EMA for "Best Alternative Act".

text: In 2013, she received her first Grammy nominations at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards. These nominations include Best Pop Vocal Album for Paradise and Best Song Written for Visual Media for "Young and Beautiful".[253]

text: In 2015, Del Rey won the MTV Europe Music Award for "Best Alternative". She also received the Trailblazer Award at the 2015 Billboard Women in Music event.

text: In 2016, Del Rey received "Best Female Artist of the Year" award from The Elle Style Awards by Elle magazine.[254]

text: In 2017, Del Rey received her received her fourth Grammy nomination at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards, in the category Best Pop Vocal Album for Lust for Life.[255]

text: Notes

text:
Jump up ^ It was noted in articles published in Rolling Stone[7] the Irish Independent,[22] Clash,[23] and Yahoo[24] that Del Rey attended the Kent School on financial aid.
Jump up ^ In mid-2012, Spinner[33] and NME[34] published articles regarding the leak of an album titled Sirens, recorded circa 2005 and attributed to Del Rey, who had recorded the songs under the stage name May Jailer.[35][36][37]
Jump up ^ Both critics and Del Rey herself have noted a persistent theme of Americana in her music. Articles published in The Huffington Post[161] The New Yorker,[162] Idolator,[163][164] Art+Action,[165] The Daily Mail,[166] and Vulture[167] have noted this.
Jump up ^ Several articles were published prior to the release of Born to Die that noted critical and public perceptions regarding the evolution of Del Rey's image. The presence of such thinkpieces circulating was noted in a 2011 Pitchfork article,[233] and would later be written on extensively in articles published in The Guardian[234] and Spin.[235]


document_title: The Last Man on Earth (TV series)

question_text: who plays carol in the last man on earth

root

text: The Last Man on Earth (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Almost a year after a deadly virus sweeps Earth, Phil Miller (Will Forte) is seemingly the only human survivor in late 2020. As he searches for others and paints signs stating he is alive in his hometown of Tucson, Arizona, he finds no one. However, before attempting suicide, he discovers another survivor, Carol Pilbasian (Kristen Schaal).[9] Despite being annoyed by each other, Carol and Phil marry for re-population purposes. Over the next several months, more survivors join them. Though Phil's irritating attitude towards them leads to his banishment from Tucson, Carol leaves with him.

tag: p

text: In season 2, Phil and Carol continue their road trip in the middle of 2023.[10] They soon discover the group has relocated to Malibu, California and travel there to reunite with the group and rebuild trust. Meanwhile, Phil's astronaut brother Mike Miller (Jason Sudeikis) crashes down to Earth and finds his way to Malibu, where he joins the survivors briefly before possibly being infected by the virus.

text: In season 3, following a potential threat by Pat Brown (Mark Boone Junior), the survivors move to a self-sustaining office building in San Jose, California, where Melissa (January Jones) struggles with mental instability and Carol discovers a young boy living in the woods whom they name Jasper. As time passes, Erica (Cleopatra Coleman) gives birth to a girl named Dawn, and the group decides to leave the United States when they believe a nuclear power plant is melting down.

text: In season 4, after meeting and parting ways with Pamela Brinton (Kristen Wiig) and Glenn (Chris Elliott), the survivors move to Zihuatanejo, Mexico, to avoid any nuclear meltdowns that may be occurring in the United States.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Will Forte as Philip Tandy[11] Miller (initially known as "Phil" and later "Tandy"), an average, socially challenged man and seemingly the only human survivor after a virus wiped out nearly the entire population about a year earlier. He lives in his hometown of Tucson, Arizona, having already searched North America for other living people. In his pre-virus life, he worked dead-end jobs and lived in a studio apartment for which his parents paid the rent. Out of loneliness, he has adopted various sports balls as "buddies" and drawn faces on them. He has painted "Alive in Tucson" on billboards and highway signs during his trip, hoping others might see the message. Forte describes him as "a selfish person who sometimes borders on being a flat-out sociopath".[12] Jacob Tremblay portrays young Phil,[13] who appears to his brother Mike in multiple visions in the episode "Pitch Black".[14]
Kristen Schaal as Carol Andrew Pilbasian Miller, a notary from Delaware who sees Phil's "Alive in Tucson" sign and travels to Tucson. She pressures Phil to marry her so they can work towards repopulating the Earth with "legitimate" children. Carol is shown to be compassionate and is good friends with Melissa and Todd but can hold grudges and be stridently moralistic.[15] Carol and Phil divorce in the middle of the first season, but Carol chooses to leave with Phil after he is banished from Tucson and they subsequently remarry. In the second season, Carol and Tandy are allowed to rejoin the group of survivors. She becomes pregnant with Phil's child after he finally tells her he loves her.
January Jones as Melissa Chartres,[16] a former real estate agent from Akron, Ohio who used to be married to the late Greg until he cheated on her with a police officer. She meets Phil and Carol after they crash their pickup truck into her limousine. She saw Phil's original "Alive in Tucson" sign and traveled to Tucson before Carol. Phil is initially very attracted to her and frequently vies for her affection despite having just married Carol, so Melissa does not like or trust him. She begins dating Todd after he joins the group.[17] In the second season, Melissa decides she does not want to have children and breaks up with Todd, but when she changes her mind, she and Gail eventually agree to simultaneously date Todd. In season 3, Melissa kills Darrell, one of paranoiac Pat Brown's crew, and consequently starts acting strangely, ultimately forcing Todd to lock her in a focus-group room to stop her from jumping off a building. The survivors help cure her condition using Clozapine, and Melissa marries Todd near the end of the season.
Mel Rodriguez as Todd Rodriguez, another surviving man who, while on his way to Mexico, finds Phil and company after he sees some fireworks set off by Phil. Kind and selfless, Todd's nature leads to him becoming the most likable member of the group, much to Phil's increasing annoyance. He and Melissa become very close and begin a romantic relationship shortly after they meet.[17] In season 2, Todd's love life becomes increasingly complicated: he finds himself torn among Melissa, who breaks up with him for a while; Gail, who starts dating him simultaneously with Melissa; Erica, who tells him that the late Phil II chose him as a surrogate father for her baby; and even Carol, who approaches him with a surprise request to impregnate her when she thinks Phil (Tandy) is sterile. In season 3, when Gail breaks up with him, Todd hopes to win back Melissa until he is frightened by her strange behavior resulting from killing Darrell. He is eventually able to cure her condition using Clozapine and they get married.
Cleopatra Coleman as Erica, an Australian woman and self-described "political nerd". After the outbreak of the virus, she met Gail at the White House and the two became traveling companions. They discover Phil upon spotting a fire he started, then move in with the rest of the survivors. In the second season, Erica becomes pregnant with Phil II's child but decides to not involve him in their child's life when he openly flirts with Carol. In "Smart and Stupid", she tells Mike, whom she is dating, that she was imprisoned for armed bank robbery before traveling to the United States and getting a job at the State Department under an assumed name. Toward the end of season 3, she gives birth to her daughter, whom she names Dawn.
Mary Steenburgen as Gail Klosterman (recurring season 1; starring season 2–present), a chef and former restaurant owner from Wilmington, North Carolina. After the outbreak of the virus, she met another woman named Erica, and the two became traveling companions. Gail mentions having had a husband but does not reveal what happened to him.[18] In the second season, she develops a relationship with another survivor named Gordon, but after Gordon dies of a heart attack, she has trouble finding closure and even dresses up a mannequin to look like Gordon, until she starts dating Todd. In the third season, she tells Carol, who wants Gail to adopt her so her child can have a grandmother, that she also had a child who died before the outbreak of the virus. To avoid being annoyed by Carol about their newly formed family, Gail finds solace in an elevator, but the elevator loses its power and traps her inside until Phil restores the power in "The Spirit of St. Lewis". She begins a romantic relationship with Erica during the six months after the episode "Name 20 Picnics...Now!"

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Jason Sudeikis as Michael Shelby "Mike" Miller (guest season 1, recurring season 2),[19] the more successful younger brother of Phil (Tandy) and a scientist who survives in Earth's orbit aboard the International Space Station. Like Phil and his sports balls, he talks to pet worms out of loneliness.[20] He also appears in a still photograph in the premiere episode with his brother and parents.[21] In the season 2 mid-season finale, Mike begins his return to Earth with a newborn companion worm. After he lands in the sea, paranoid seaman Pat Brown abandons him on shore, but he finds his way to Malibu using an "Alive in Tucson" sign, his inference that Phil would have moved into the cul-de-sac following the apocalypse, and a letter from Melissa. Though his sibling rivalry with Phil resurfaces, the brothers eventually reconcile and explain to each other how their parents were proud of them both. In "Smart and Stupid", Mike starts coughing up blood, a sign of the virus, and departs to avoid having the group grieve his death. When Phil finds Mike at their childhood home in Tucson, they spend a day growing closer than ever before Mike begs Phil in his "dying wish" to leave. Phil returns in season 3 to see if Mike survived but chooses not to enter Mike's bedroom, leaving without confirming his brother's status.
Boris Kodjoe as Philip Stacy "Phil" Miller (seasons 1–2), a former member of the Special Forces from High Point, North Carolina. He discovers the rest of the survivors after finding the original Phil sunburned and unconscious on a billboard. Also a former contractor, his skills with construction—as well as his good looks—soon make him a favorite among the women in the group. He and the original Phil, who must go by "Tandy" after losing a competition to him, become rivals shortly after meeting.[22] In the second season, he openly flirts with Carol, then tries to make amends with Erica when he learns she is pregnant with his child. Just as he mends his relationship with her, he suffers from appendicitis and requests that Erica not let Tandy help raise their child if he does not survive. He finally dies during a botched appendectomy performed by Gail and Todd, neither of whom has medical experience. After the group says goodbye to Phil, Tandy learns that, despite Phil's earlier claim that he had no middle name, his middle name was Stacy.
Mark Boone Junior as Patrick "Pat" Brown (seasons 2–4), the first person Mike encounters after returning to Earth. A former tennis champion and ice cream truck driver, he wanders the sea on a yacht, fearing that the virus has still contaminated the land and that anyone he meets could be carrying it. He also believes the U.S. government has gone into hiding in bunkers and plotted a conspiracy to trap survivors. He abandons Mike in Miami when he thinks he has accidentally killed him by exposing him to the virus. Between the events of "Pitch Black" and "30 Years of Science Down the Tubes", Pat meets two other survivors named Darrell and Lewis while sailing around North America via the Northwest Passage. Armed with rifles, the three men approach the Malibu mansion at the start of the third season.[23] Although Pat and Lewis convince the group of their peaceful intent, Pat suddenly turns on them when he realizes Phil and Mike are related, but he is hit with the A-Team van as everyone else escapes from him in it. He is presumed dead until his body and boat vanish. When he sees the group driving towards a marina at the end of season 3, Pat tries to kill them before Pamela shoots him in the head.
Kenneth Choi as Lewis (season 3), a gay arborist from Seattle whose partner Mark is presumed to have been killed by the virus. He first comes to Malibu as part of Pat's crew but defects and joins the main group when Pat refuses to make peace with Phil (Tandy). He greatly fears Pat, especially since Pat told him he previously killed someone (Mike).[24] After moving into a self-sustaining office building in San Jose with the rest of the group, he considers the possibility that Mark might still be alive in Tokyo and begins teaching himself aviation so he can fly there and investigate.[25] In the middle of season 3, Lewis is killed 10 seconds after takeoff when he attempts his first flight in a real plane.
Kristen Wiig as Pamela Brinton (season 3),[26] a wealthy socialite and philanthropist who hid from the virus in an underground bunker with her dog Jeremy. During her time in the bunker, she learned to pilot its surveillance drone, which Gail first saw near the end of the second season. She leaves upon discovering the others even though the connection is lost.[27] Pamela introduces herself to the group after shooting Pat in the head to save them. She then abducts Phil for herself upon hearing the other ladies' plans to abandon her.
Keith L. Williams as Jasper (season 3–present), an initially silent young boy who is discovered in the background of Carol and Gail's family photos, wearing a Yoda costume. Phil names him "Jasper" after his JanSport backpack, and the child chooses Erica as his parental figure despite Phil's attempts to bond with him. Six months after his first exposure to every major holiday packed into one party by the adults, he starts speaking.
Chris Elliott as Glenn (season 4), a castaway whom the group meets on a remote island in the Pacific Ocean. He missed the apocalypse and thus knows nothing about the virus until Carol informs him about it, then joins the group in their return to the mainland, where he begins a relationship with Pamela and invites her on a search for his children.
Fred Armisen as Karl (season 4)[28]

text: Guests[edit]

text:
Alexandra Daddario as Victoria (season 1), an attractive woman that Phil (Tandy) hallucinates before he meets Carol.[29]
Will Ferrell as Gordon Vanderkruik[10] (season 2), a survivor living in Malibu, who dies from a heart attack from the shock of Carol's sudden appearance. When Gordon first met the other survivors some time between the events of the first and second seasons, he developed a relationship with Gail. His grave indicates that he was born in 1978 and died in 2023.[10]
Jon Hamm as Darrell (season 3), a man who sails to Malibu with Pat and Lewis but is shot and killed by Melissa in the ensuing confusion on their intentions.[24]
Laura Dern as Catherine (season 3), Pamela's socialite friend, who purchases a bunker to hide from the virus, but ultimately succumbs to it before she can enter.[27]
Timothy V. Murphy as Benjamin Brinton (season 3), Pamela's husband, who dies from the virus.[27]
Jack Black as Rear Admiral Roy Billups (season 4), a United States Navy officer and Pamela's lover whom Pat shoots before she finally kills Pat outright.

text: Background and production[edit]

text: The show originated from the writing team of Phil Lord and Christopher Miller, who had the idea initially for a feature film. They approached longtime collaborator and former Saturday Night Live cast member Will Forte with the premise, who "took a spark to it and took it in his own direction", according to Miller.[30] He was partially inspired by the series Life After People. "I love comedy where there's a lot of tension and even though it's very far-fetched, it seems very relatable", said Forte of the premise.[31] Forte's treatment for the series, crafted over a weekend, was pitched around Hollywood to positive responses. They mainly pitched to cable and Internet services, as Forte believed a broadcast network would be stricter on content.[30] In their pitch, much of the outline of the series' first season was formulated.[32] Fox, the show's eventual distributor, was instead doing "something different" and specific to his vision, according to Miller.[30]

text: Forte spoke on the show's creative freedom in a 2015 interview:

text: I think we always saw this as more of a cable show, to be honest. They claimed from the get-go that they didn't want to change the tone of the show, and I think I went in with an eyebrow raised, thinking, okay, well when's it going to come out that we have to change it around? And they were great. They stuck by their pledge and let us make this different type of show. We're so happy to have had this experience. It was just a great, great experience with Fox.[32]

text: Filming the series was challenging. For example, maintaining silence and not picking up sounds of cars in the distance made it difficult.[31] In addition to Forte's fascination with Life After People, similar films bandied about while writing the show included The Omega Man, I Am Legend, and 28 Days Later.[32] Fox particularly appreciated the heart of the story, with its universal theme. According to Lord, "We always talked about that this is a person who is very flawed, and a person who maybe needed the entire world to end in order for him to become his best self. [...] That was our big thought, well here's a guy who maybe he wasn't the best guy in the regular world, but if you took the regular world away, could he eventually get back to being the person that all of us hope that we can be."[32]

text: The name of the main character, Phil Miller, is based on the names of the two executive producers Phil Lord and Christopher Miller.[33] According to Miller, "there are no zombies" in the series.[34]

text: For the second season, Dan Sterling joined as executive producer and took over the role of showrunner from Forte, who was the showrunner for the first season.[35]

text: The main recording location for the series is a 20th Century Fox studio in Chatsworth, California.[36][37][38]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
13
March 1, 2015 (2015-03-01)
May 3, 2015 (2015-05-03)

2
18
September 27, 2015 (2015-09-27)
May 15, 2016 (2016-05-15)

3
18
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
May 7, 2017 (2017-05-07)

4
TBA
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
TBA

tag: table

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: For its one-hour premiere, The Last Man on Earth received 5.75 million viewers with an average 2.4 rating among adults 18–49, making it the highest-rated broadcast series of the evening in that demographic.[39] While ratings declined overall, the show did well enough with young men to justify renewal.[40]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Sunday 9:30 pm
13
March 1, 2015
5.75[39]
May 3, 2015
3.51[41]
2014–15
93[42]
6.07[42]

2
18
September 27, 2015
3.14[43]
May 15, 2016
2.23[44]
2015–16
114[45]
4.23[45]

3
18
September 25, 2016
2.23[46]
May 7, 2017
1.80[47]
2016–17
122[48]
3.29[48]

4
TBA
October 1, 2017
2.28[49]
TBA
TBD
2017–18
TBD
TBD

text: Critical reception[edit]

text:
My recommendation comes with a caveat: there is no roadmap for this kind of show, and it could easily fall apart quickly. But I will say this for The Last Man on Earth: it does not seem like the sort of thing that would be a primetime network sitcom. And that's precisely why it should be one.
“
”

James Poniewozik of Time[50]

text: The Last Man on Earth has received generally positive reviews from critics. On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 based on reviews from critics, the first season has a score of 72, based on 30 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[51] On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an 85% approval rating with an average score of 7.74 out of 10 based on 46 reviews. The site's critical consensus is, "It may run out of steam before the season's over, but The Last Man on Earth's ambitious concept and comedic undertone are enough to lure viewers in."[52] Tim Goodman of The Hollywood Reporter called the show "a genre-busting breakout that's creative, nuanced and inspired".[53] Robert Bianco of USA Today praised Forte's "audacity, inventiveness and achievement".[54] Hank Stuever of The Washington Post called it "a charming and intelligent sendup of pop culture's obsession with the end of everything".[55] Slate's Willa Paskin called the program "well-made, polished, odd, surprisingly funny".[56] "For a show that shouldn't really work at all, Last Man works pretty well", remarked Margaret Lyons of Vulture.[57]

text: Entertainment Weekly's Jeff Jensen called it "profoundly funny", and sustainable if it continues the "ingenuity, surprises, and craftsmanship".[33] "I was impressed by The Last Man on Earth, and hope it can continue to spin stories and character development out of its somewhat narrow premise", wrote Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe.[58]

text: However, several critics, such as Maureen Ryan of The Huffington Post[15] and David Hinckley of the New York Daily News, have questioned the show's future.[59] Mike Hale of The New York Times deemed the show "well made, meticulous in its comic details and pleasantly acted", though noting that part of the show's appeal "dissipates" past the pilot episode.[60] Brian Lowry of Variety opined that "the premise calls for a level of creativity from the producers that these episodes don't consistently deliver. That's not to say 'I wouldn't watch him if he were the last man on Earth.' But like the fate of humanity within the series, while the future certainly isn't hopeless, neither does it look particularly bright."[61]

text: Subsequent seasons have also received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season has an 83% approval rating with an average score of 7.76 out of 10 based on 12 reviews. The site's critical consensus is, "Season two of The Last Man on Earth brings a change of venue and renewed focus on the chemistry between Forte and Schaal, and may win back some viewers who were turned off in season one."[62] The third season has an 83% approval rating with an average score of 7.3 out of 10 based on 6 reviews.[63]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipients
Result
Ref.

2015
Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Actor in a Comedy Series
Will Forte
Nominated
[64]

Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series
Will Forte
Nominated
[65]

Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series
Will Forte for "Alive in Tucson"
Nominated

Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series
Phil Lord and Christopher Miller for "Alive in Tucson"
Nominated

Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series
Stacey Schroeder
Nominated

EWwy Award
Outstanding Comedy Series
The Last Man on Earth
Nominated
[66]

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Kristen Schaal
Nominated
[67]

68th Writers Guild of America Awards
New Series
The Last Man on Earth
Nominated
[68]

Episodic Comedy
Will Forte ("Alive in Tucson")
Nominated

2016
6th Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Comedy Series
The Last Man on Earth
Nominated
[69]

Best Actor in a Comedy Series
Will Forte
Nominated

68th Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series
Will Forte
Nominated
[70]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The first season was released on DVD in region 1 on September 22, 2015. The set contains audio commentaries for "The Elephant in the Room" and "Screw the Moon"; The Last Man on Earth Q&A Panel; "Survival of the Funniest: Creating The Last Man on Earth" featurette; deleted scenes; and a gag reel.[71]


document_title: Army of Northern Virginia

question_text: who designed the flag of the army of northern virginia

text: Army of Northern Virginia

text: Origin[edit]

text: The name Army of Northern Virginia referred to its primary area of operation, as did most Confederate States Army names. The Army originated as the (Confederate) Army of the Potomac, which was organized on June 20, 1861, from all operational forces in northern Virginia. On July 20 and July 21, the Army of the Shenandoah and forces from the District of Harpers Ferry were added. Units from the Army of the Northwest were merged into the Army of the Potomac between March 14 and May 17, 1862. The Army of the Potomac was renamed Army of Northern Virginia on March 14. The Army of the Peninsula was merged into it on April 12, 1862.[1]

text: Robert E. Lee's biographer, Douglas p. Freeman, asserts that the army received its final name from Lee when he issued orders assuming command on June 1, 1862.[2] However, Freeman does admit that Lee corresponded with Joseph E. Johnston, his predecessor in army command, prior to that date and referred to Johnston's command as the Army of Northern Virginia. Part of the confusion results from the fact that Johnston commanded the Department of Northern Virginia (as of October 22, 1861) and the name Army of Northern Virginia can be seen as an informal consequence of its parent department's name. Jefferson Davis and Johnston did not adopt the name, but it is clear that the organization of units as of March 14 was the same organization that Lee received on June 1, and thus it is generally referred to today as the Army of Northern Virginia, even if that is correct only in retrospect.

text: In addition to Virginians, it included regiments from all over the Confederacy, some from as far away as Georgia, Texas and Arkansas. One of the most well known was the Texas Brigade, made up of the 1st, 4th, and 5th Texas, and the 3rd Arkansas, which distinguished themselves in numerous battles, such as during their fight for the Devil's Den at the Battle of Gettysburg.

text: Command under Brigadier General P. G. T. Beauregard[edit]

text: The first commander of the Army of Northern Virginia was General P.G.T. Beauregard (under its previous name, the Confederate Army of the Potomac) from June 20 to July 20, 1861. His forces consisted of six brigades, with various militia and artillery from the former Department of Alexandria. During his command, Gen. Beauregard is noted for creating the battle flag of the army, which came to be the primary battle flag for all corps and forces under the Army of Northern Virginia. The flag was designed due to confusion during battle between the Confederate "Stars and Bars" flag and the flag of the United States. Beauregard continued commanding these troops as the new First Corps under Gen. J. E. Johnston as it was joined by the Army of the Shenandoah on July 20, 1861, when command was relinquished to General J. E. Johnston. The following day this army fought its first major engagement in the First Battle of Manassas.

text: Command under General J. E. Johnston[edit]

text: With the merging of the Army of the Shenandoah, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston took command from July 20, 1861, until May 31, 1862.

text: Corps organization under Johnston 1861[edit]

text:
First Corps – commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard
Second Corps – commanded by Maj. Gen. G.W. Smith

text: Wing organization under Johnston 1862[edit]

text:
Left Wing – commanded by Maj. Gen. D.H. Hill
Center Wing – commanded by Maj. Gen. James Longstreet
Right Wing – commanded by Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder
Reserve – commanded by Maj. Gen. G.W. Smith

text: Under the command of Johnston, the Army immediately entered into the First Battle of Manassas. On October 22, 1861, the Department of Northern Virginia was officially created, officially ending the Army of the Potomac. The Department comprised three districts: Aquia District, Potomac District, and the Valley District. In April 1862, the Department was expanded to include the Departments of Norfolk and the Peninsula (of Virginia). Gen. Johnston was eventually forced into maneuvering the Army southward to the defenses of Richmond during the opening of the Peninsula Campaign, where it conducted delay and defend tactics until Johnston was severely wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines.

text: During the months after the First Battle of Bull Run, Johnson organized his Shenandoah Army and Beauregard's Potomac Army into two divisions under a unified command with Gustavus Smith and James Longstreet as division commanders. Beauregard quarreled with Johnson and was transferred to the Western theater over the winter months. Jackson was sent to the Shenandoah Valley in October 1861, initially with his own old Stonewall Brigade and later with two other brigades from Western Virginia. Several newly arrived brigades were added to Johnson's army in late 1861-early 1862.

text: When the Peninsula Campaign began, Johnson took his army down to the Richmond environs where it was merged with several smaller Confederate commands, including a division led by D.H. Hill as well as Benjamin Huger's Department of Norfolk, John Magruder's Army of the Peninsula, and miscellaneous brigades and regiments pulled from various Southern states. Richard Ewell was elevated to division command in the spring of 1862 and sent to join Jackson in the Valley.

text: On May 27, an additional new division was created and led by A.P. Hill consisting of several new brigades from the Carolinas, Georgia, and Virginia, soon augmented with James Archer's brigade from Smith's division.

text: Temporary command under Major General G. W. Smith[edit]

text: Maj. Gen. Gustavus Woodson Smith commanded the ANV on May 31, 1862, following the wounding of Gen. J. E. Johnston during the Battle of Seven Pines. With Smith seemingly having a nervous breakdown, President Jefferson Davis drafted orders to place Gen. Robert E. Lee in command the following day.

text: Command under General R. E. Lee[edit]

text: On June 1, 1862, its most famous and final leader, General Robert E. Lee, took command after Johnston was wounded, and Smith suffered what may have been a nervous breakdown, at the Battle of Seven Pines.

text: During the Seven Days Battles, Lee had eleven separate divisions under his command, aside from the original core army that had been led by Joe Johnson, there were assorted other commands from the Richmond area and North Carolina as well as Jackson's Valley Army. The inexperience and poor coordination of the army led to the failure of Lee's plans to destroy the Army of the Potomac. As soon as the Seven Days Battles were over, Lee reorganized his army into two corps commanded by Longstreet and Jackson. He removed several generals who had turned in a less-than-inspiring performance in the Seven Days Battles, including John Magruder and Benjamin Huger.

text: In the Northern Virginia Campaign and Second Bull Run, Lee had eight divisions between the two corps of Longstreet and Jackson--the former had the divisions of John Hood, Richard Anderson, Cadmus Wilcox, James Kemper, and David R. Jones and the latter had the divisions of A.P. Hill, Richard Ewell, and Charles Winder. Some divisions, including D.H. Hill's, were left on the Peninsula and did not participate in this campaign. The army was also joined for the Northern Virginia and Maryland Campaigns by Nathan G. Evans's independent South Carolina brigade.

text: During the Maryland Campaign, D.H. Hill rejoined the main army along with Lafayette McLaws, commanding part of John Magruder's old command. In addition, Robert Ransom commanded two brigades from the Department of North Carolina. At Antietam, Longstreet commanded the divisions of Anderson, McLaws, Jones, Hood, and Ransom while Jackson had the divisions of John R. Jones, Alexander Lawton, A.P. Hill, and D.H. Hill.

text: During the Fredericksburg Campaign, Longstreet had the divisions of Anderson, Hood, McLaws, Ransom, and George Pickett, who had just returned to action after months of convalescence from a wound sustained during the Seven Days Battles. Jackson had the divisions of D.H. Hill, A.P. Hill, Jubal Early, and Elisha Paxton. Robert Ransom's division returned to North Carolina after Fredericksburg. D.H. Hill also departed after quarreling with Lee.

text: In the Chancellorsville Campaign, Longstreet was sent with Pickett and Hood to the Richmond area. His other two divisions remained with the main army; they were directly commanded by Lee during this time. Robert Rodes took over D.H. Hill's division. "Stonewall" Jackson was mortally wounded during the Battle of Chancellorsville. Afterwards, Lee divided the army into three corps with three divisions each. Longstreet got the divisions of Pickett, McLaws, and Hood, A.P. Hill got the divisions of Harry Heth, William D. Pender, and Richard Anderson, and Richard Ewell (returning to action after almost a year of recovering from the loss of a leg at Second Bull Run) got the divisions of Robert Rodes, Jubal Early, and Edward "Allegheny" Johnson.

text: In the first year of his command, Lee had two principal subordinate commanders. The right wing of the army was under the command of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet and the left wing under Lt. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. These wings were redesignated as the First Corps (Longstreet) and Second Corps (Jackson) on November 6, 1862. Following Jackson's death after the Battle of Chancellorsville, Lee reorganized the army into three corps on May 30, 1863, under Longstreet, Lt. Gen. Richard p. Ewell, and Lt. Gen. A.P. Hill. A Fourth Corps, under Lt. Gen. Richard H. Anderson, was organized on October 19, 1864; on April 8, 1865, it was merged into the Second Corps. The commanders of the first three corps changed frequently in 1864 and 1865. The cavalry, organized into a division on August 17, 1862, and into a corps on September 9, 1863, was commanded by Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart until May 11, 1864 (the day he was mortally wounded). The cavalry corps was then temporarily split into divisions, but was merged again on August 11, 1864 under command of Lt. Gen. Wade Hampton III. The Reserve Artillery was commanded by Brig. Gen. William N. Pendleton for most of the war.[1]

text: After taking over command in mid-1862, Lee began preparing to lead the Army of Northern Virginia for the first time. However, his aggressiveness to attack the Union led to the loss of many troops especially at the Battle of Antietam, which ended up being a turning point in the war for the Union. After the costly victories during the Seven Days Battles and at Second Manassas in August 1862, Lee had now lost a total of 30,000 of his approximately 92,000 troops within three months of becoming the Confederate's top general. Lee then planned to take his troops north into Maryland to destroy a critical railroad bridge across the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg in a letter written to President Davis. Lee even questioned his own plan, as he wrote, "I am aware that the movement is attended with much risk, yet I do not consider success impossible..."[3] In addition, historians question Lee's aggressiveness to move his army to Maryland. "There can be no sort of doubt that Lee underestimated the exhaustion of his army after Second Manassas. That is, in reality, the major criticism of the Maryland operation: he carried worn-out men across the Potomac."[4] His men were also underarmed and underfed, so the journey to Maryland added to the overall exhaustion. Once Lee arrived in Maryland and was preparing for Antietam, he made another controversial decision. Against the advice from General Longstreet and Jackson, Lee split his troops into four parts to attack the Union from different fronts. Clearly outnumbered and opposed to Lee's plan, Longstreet stated, "General, I wish we could stand still and let the damned Yankees come to us!"[5] As the fighting played out on September 17, 1862, known as the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, the battles at Dunker Church and Burnside's Bridge proved to be too much for Lee and his Confederate army. Luckily for Lee, the arrival of A.P. Hill's troops and the mixture of McClellan's and Burnside's sluggishness, saved Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and allowed them to barely hold off the Union in Maryland.[6]

text: Corps organization under Lee[edit]

text: Although the Army of Northern Virginia swelled and shrank over time, its units of organization consisted primarily of corps, earlier referred to as "wings" or "commands":

text:
First Corps (Longstreet's Corps)
Second Corps (Jackson's Corps in 1862/1863)
Third Corps (A.P. Hill's Corps)
Fourth Corps, (Anderson's Corps)
Cavalry Corps

text: Campaigns and battles[edit]

text: The Army fought in a number of campaigns and battles, including:

text:
Campaign
Year
Army strength at the beginning of campaign
Major Battles

Peninsula Campaign
1862
55,633
Seven Pines (Fair Oaks)

Seven Days Battles
1862
approx. 92,000
Gaines' Mill, Malvern Hill

Northern Virginia Campaign
1862
approx. 54,000
Second Bull Run (Second Manassas)

Maryland Campaign
1862
approx. 60,000
Antietam (Sharpsburg)

Fredericksburg Campaign
1862
approx. 75,000
Fredericksburg

Chancellorsville Campaign
1863
approx. 75,000
Chancellorsville

Gettysburg Campaign
1863
75,054
Gettysburg

Bristoe Campaign
1863
55,221

Mine Run Campaign
1863
approx. 50,000

Overland Campaign
1864
62,230
Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, Cold Harbor

Richmond–Petersburg Campaign
1864–1865
82,633
Siege of Petersburg, including the Battle of the Crater

Appomattox Campaign
1865
around 50,000
Five Forks, Battle of Appomattox Court House

text: On April 9, 1865, the Army of Northern Virginia surrendered to the Army of the Potomac at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the Civil War, with General Lee signing the papers of surrender to General Ulysses p. Grant. The day after his surrender, Lee issued his Farewell Address to the Army of Northern Virginia.

text: Organization of the Army[edit]

text: Department of Northern Virginia, October 22, 1861[edit]

text: The Military Department of Northern Virginia was embattled on October 22, 1861.[7] The department initially consisted of three districts under the overall command of General Joseph E. Johnston.

text:
Defence district
Division
Brigade
Commander/Officers in charge

Potomac

General P.G.T. Beauregard

1. Division

Major General Earl Van Dorn

2. Division

Major General Gustavus W. Smith

3. Division

Major General James Longstreet

4. Division

Major General Edmund Kirby Smith

Aquia

Major General Theophilus H. Holmes

French's Brigade
Brigadier General Samuel Gibbs French

2. Brigade
Brigadier General John G. Walker

Valley

Major General Thomas J. Jackson

Garnett's Brigade
Brigadier General Richard B. Garnett

Ashby's Cavalry
Colonel Turner Ashby

text: On February 28, 1862, there were 47,617 soldiers present for duty to the military district.[8] The Cavalry Brigade was provided from the Potomac's Military District and under direct control from the Defense District. The artillery formed an Artillery Corps with 109 cannons.

text: Organization April 30, 1862[edit]

text: The Army of Northern Virginia was established on March 14, 1862, again under Johnston. Though the military department stayed existent its role changed into an administrative division for most of the war.

text:
Wing of the Army
Division
Brigade
Commander/Officers in charge

Left wing

Major General John B. Magruder

McLaws' Division

Brigade General Lafayette McLaws

Toombs' Division

Brigadier General Robert A. Toombs

Ewell's Brigade
Colonel B. p. Ewell

Center

Major General James Longstreet

A.P. Hill's Brigade
Brigadier General Ambrose P. Hill

Anderson's Brigade
Brigadier General Richard H. Anderson

Colston's Brigade
Brigadier General Raleigh E. Colston

Pickett's Brigade
Brigadier General George E. Pickett

Wilcox's Brigade
Brigadier General Cadmus M. Wilcox

Pryor's Brigade
Colonel G. A. Winston

Left Emplacement

Major General Daniel H. Hill

Early's Division

Brigadier General Jubal A. Early

Early's Brigade
Brigadier General Jubal A. Early

Rodes' Brigade
Brigadier General Robert E. Rodes

Rains' Division

Brigadier General Gabriel J. Rains

Rains' Brigade
Brigadier General Gabriel J. Rains

Featherston's Brigade
Brigadier General Winfield p. Featherston

Gloucester Point
Colonel Crump

Reserve

Major General Gustavus W. Smith

Whiting's Brigade
Brigadier General W. H. C. Whiting

Hood's Brigade
Brigadier General John B. Hood

Colston's Brigade
Brigadier General Raleigh E. Colston

Hampton's Brigade
Colonel Wade Hampton

Anderson's Brigade
Brigadier General Samuel R. Anderson

Pettigrew's Brigade
Brigadier General James J. Pettigrew

Cavalry Brigade
Brigadier General J. E. B. Stuart

text: At the outset of the Peninsula Campaign the Army of Northern Virginia had more than 55,633 soldiers. The cannon was assigned to the brigades, as well as the Reserve's artillery. Nominally, Jackson's Corps in the Shenandoah Valley, was subordinate to the Army. Since Jackson led his own campaign at the time of the Peninsula Campaign and was not under Lee's direct command this overview does not include his three divisions.

text: The Army's organization soon proved inept in the course of the Peninsula Campaign. The corps-like structure was rearranged before the Seven Days Battle to converge with the requirements of actual command. In the course of this battle the Army featured two Corps; Jackson's and Magruder's, with four and three divisions respectively, and three actual divisions with five to six brigades. Also the Defense District of North Carolina answered directly to the Army as well as the Reserve Artillery with six battalions and the cavalry with six regiments.[9] The army's complete strength was about 90,000 soldiers. The exact strength cannot be determined, because only a few notes for actual provisionings survived. The estimated strength results, if not explicitly noted, from in-battle dispatches.

text: Organization at the setout of the Northern Virginia Campaign[edit]

text: The Seven Days Battle showed the Army still suffered from insufficient organization in army command. General Lee subdivided the army again, but this time only with single commands. He introduced a corps-like structure of command, and as an intermediate army management he named the left and right wing. The Army was organized on August 28, 1862 as follows.[10]

text:
Wing of the Army/Army troops
Division
Brigade/Combat support
Commander/Officers in charge

Right Wing

3 Artillery Battalions
Major General James Longstreet

Anderson's Division
3 Brigades
Major General Richard H. Anderson

Jones's Division
3 Brigades
Brigadier General David Rumph Jones

Wilcox's Division
3 Brigades / 2 Artillery Batteries
Brigadier General Cadmus M. Wilcox

Hood's Division
2 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Brigadier General John B. Hood

Kemper's Division
3 Brigades
Brigadier General James L. Kemper

Evan's Brigade / 1 Artillery Battery
Brigadier General Nathan George Evans

Left Wing

Major General Thomas J. Jackson

Jackson's Division
4 Brigades / 1 Artillery Regiment
Brigadier General William B. Taliaferro

Hill's Light Division
6 Brigades / 1 Artillery Regiment
Major General Ambrose P. Hill

Ewell's Division
4 Brigades / 1 Artillery Regiment
Major General Richard p. Ewell

Cavalry Division

3 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battery
Major General J. E. B. Stuart

text: The Army's Reserve Artillery consisted of one regiment and two battalions. They stayed in the area of Richmond in the course of the whole Northern Virginia Campaign and only returned on September 3, 1862 to the Army. Major General Hill's Division also remained in the eastern parts of Richmond with the order to bind McClellan's attention as long as possible.[11] As it became predictable that the Army of the Potomac would soon be transferred to support Pope, Lee ordered the Division north.[12] Hill never entered battle in the campaign. A total of about 54,000 soldiers saw action throughout the campaign.

text: Organization at the beginning of the Maryland Campaign[edit]

text: The Army's losses before and following the Battle of Second Manassas needed to be replaced before the Maryland Campaign could commence. While fundamental changes in the Army's command structure were not necessary, General Lee exchanged divisions and brigades or added additional strength to some. The wings of the Army were now officially called 'Corps'. In the Maryland Campaign the Army was subdivided as follows.[13]

text:
Corps / Army group
Division
Brigade/Combat support
Commander/Officers in charge

Longstreet's Corps

2 Artillery Battalions
Major General James Longstreet

Anderson's Division
6 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General Richard H. Anderson

Jones's Division
6 Brigades / 4 Artillery Batteries
Brigadier General David Rumph Jones

McLaws's Division
4 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General Lafayette McLaws

Hood's Division
2 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Brigadier General John B. Hood

Walker's Division
2 Brigades / 2 Batteries
Brigadier General John G. Walker

Evans's Brigade / 1 Artillery Battery
Brigadier General Nathan George Evans

Jackson's Corps

Major General Thomas J. Jackson

Jackson's Division
4 Brigades / 1 Artillery Regiment
Brigadier General John R. Jones

Hill's Light Division
6 Brigades / 1 Artillery Regiment
Major General Ambrose P. Hill

Hill's Division
5 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General Daniel H. Hill

Ewell's Division
4 Brigades / 1 Artillery Regiment
Brigadier General Alexander R. Lawton

Cavalry Division

3 Brigades / 3 Artillery Batteries
Major General J. E. B. Stuart

Reserve Artillery

4 Battalions / 5 Batteries
Brigadier General William N. Pendleton

text: While organization of the corps was found to be generally reliable, the corps' subdivision into four or five divisions hampered overall ease of command. General Lee had already considered before the Battle of Antietam to slim down the overall structure, but intended there be no changes in leadership. The Confederate Congress authorized the establishment of the Corps, and President Davis affirmed the assignment of the commanders and promoted Major Generals Longstreet and Jackson to Lieutenant Generals. General Lee announced this in Special Order 234 on November 6, 1862.[14] About 60,000 soldiers served at the Maryland Campaign.

text: Organization from May 30, 1863 until April 9, 1865[edit]

text: Lee took Jackson's death as an opportunity to subdivide the North Virginia Corps again. President Jefferson Davis agreed to the subdivision and ordered Lee in his Special Order Nr. 146 to reorganize the Army.[15]

text:
Corps/Army group
Division
Brigade/Combat support
Commander/Officers in charge

I Corps

Lieutenant General James Longstreet

Pickett's Division
3 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General George E. Pickett

McLaws's Division
4 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General Lafayette McLaws

Hood's Division
4 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General John B. Hood

II Corps

Lieutenant General Richard p. Ewell

Early's Division
4 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General Jubal A. Early

Johnson's Division
4 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General Edward Johnson

Rodes's Division
5 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General Robert E. Rodes

III Corps

Lieutenant General A.P. Hill

Anderson's Division
5 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General Richard H. Anderson

Heth's Division
4 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General Henry Heth

Pender's Division
4 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General W. Dorsey Pender

Cavalry Division

6 Brigades / 1 Artillery Battalion
Major General J. E. B. Stuart

Reserve Artillery

6 Battalions
Brig. General William N. Pendleton

Imboden's Command

gem. Brigade / 1 Artillery Battery
Brigadier General John D. Imboden

text: Lee ordered the artillery battalions of the Reserve Artillery to serve directly with the Corps for the duration of the Gettysburg Campaign. The Army of Northern Virginia now comprised a total of 75,054 soldiers at the Battle of Gettysburg.[16]

text: The army fielded more than 241 cannons following the Battle of Gettysburg.[17] The artillery battalions were merged into the Artillery Reserve again following the end of the campaign.

text: On September 9, General Lee had to dispatch the First Corps to Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee. Following this the army was resubordinated again. Changes were not significant; only the cavalry saw important reorganization.[18]

text:
Corps / Army group
Division
Brigade/Combat support
Commander/Officers in charge

II Corps

5 Artillery Battalions
Lieutenant General Richard p. Ewell

Early's Division
4 Brigades
Major General Jubal A. Early

Johnson's Division
4 Brigades
Major General Edward Johnson

Rodes's Division
5 Brigades
Major General Robert E. Rodes

III Corps

5 Artillery Battalions
Lieutenant General A.P. Hill

Anderson's Division
5 Brigades
Major General Richard H. Anderson

Heth's Division
4 Brigades
Major General Henry Heth

Wilcox's Division
4 Brigades
Major General Cadmus M. Wilcox

Cavalry Corps

1 Artillery Battalion
Major General J. E. B. Stuart

Hampton's Division
2 Brigades
Major General Wade Hampton

Lee's Division
3 Brigades
Major General Fitzhugh Lee

Reserve Artillery

2 Battalions
Major General William N. Pendleton

Defense District of Shenandoah Valley

gem. Brigade / 1 Artillery Battery
Brigadier General John D. Imboden

Cooke's Brigade

Brigadier General John R. Cooke

text: The Army's strength was then 55,221 soldiers. The changes in command until December 31, 1863 were only minor. Cooke's Brigade was assigned to serve with Heth's Division, Hampton's Division grew by a cavalry brigade and the Third Corps gained an additional artillery battalion. Imboden's Command remained at Shenandoah Valley and was taken over by Major General Early as the Defense District of Shenandoah Valley. The strength of the army was 54,715 men on December 31.

text: The organization of the Army of Northern Virginia did not change until the end of the war. The Army featured several corps, the corps featured several divisions, and the artillery was divided between the corps. The strength of the Army grew in the first six months from about 46,380 to 62,230 soldiers. The army was assigned in July to the Defense District of North Carolina and Richmond. In the course of the Richmond-Petersburg Campaign the number of soldiers temporarily grew to 82,633 while parts of the Army were under the command by Lieutenant General Early in Shenandoah Valley.

text: In 1864 the Army of Northern Virginia fought against the more than twice as strong Potomac-, James- and Shenandoah Army in Grant's Overland Campaign, Early's Raid against the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the Richmond-Petersburg Campaign, and Shenandoah Campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. The Army's organization for January 31, 1865[19] because 69,659 soldiers were fit for battle, but a minimum of 4,500 had no rifles.[20]

text:
Corps / Army group
Division
Brigade/Combat support
Commander/Officers in charge

I Corps

6 Artillery Battalions
Lieutenant General James Longstreet

Pickett's Division
4 Brigades
Major General George E. Pickett

Field's Division
5 Brigades
Major General Charles W. Field

Kershaw's Division
4 Brigades
Major General Joseph B. Kershaw

II Corps

4 Artillery Battalions
Major General John B. Gordon

Early's Division
3 Brigades
Brigadier General John Pegram

Gordon's Division
3 Brigades
Brigadier General Clement A. Evans

Rodes's Division
4 Brigades
Brigadier General Bryan Grimes

III Corps

7 Artillery Battalions
Lieutenant General A.P. Hill

Mahone's Division
5 Brigades
Major General William Mahone

Heth's Division
4 Brigades
Major General Henry Heth

Wilcox's Division
4 Brigades
Major General Cadmus M. Wilcox

Anderson's Corps

4 Artillery Battalions
Lieutenant General Richard H. Anderson

Johnson's Division
4 Brigades
Major General Bushrod Rust Johnson

Defense District of Shenandoah Valley

6 Artillery Battalions
Lieutenant General Jubal A. Early

Wharton's Division
3 Infantry / 1 Cavalry Brigades
Brigadier General John A. Wharton

Cavalry Corps

3 Artillery Battalions
Major General Wade Hampton

Lee's Division
3 Brig
Major general William H. F. Lee

text: Following Lieutenant General A.P. Hill's death on April 2, 1865 the Third Corps was dissolved and assigned to the First Corps. On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered. One day later he thanked his men and his officers for their bravery and sturdiness and announced the dismissal of all troops on their word of honor in General Order No. 9.[21] The listings of the Army of Northern Virginia say that 28,231 soldiers were dismissed on their word of honor on April 10, 1865.[22]


document_title: The Place Beyond the Pines

question_text: where is the place beyond the pines set

question_tokens: where is the place beyond the pines set

text: The Place Beyond the Pines

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1997, Luke Glanton (Gosling) is a motorcycle stuntman. In Schenectady, New York, Luke reunites with his ex-lover Romina Gutierrez (Mendes), who is dating another man named Kofi Kancam (Ali). Luke discovers that Romina has a baby son named Jason that he fathered which she never revealed to him, so Luke quits his job to stay with Romina and their son.

text: Luke begins working part-time for auto mechanic Robin Van Der Hook (Mendelsohn). Luke asks Robin for more work, and Robin offers to partner with Luke in robbing banks. Luke and Robin successfully rob a few banks, with Luke performing the robbery and using his motorcycle as a getaway vehicle, hiding it in a box truck driven by Robin.

text:
Luke gives his share of the money to Romina, and visits her and his son more often. Luke takes Romina and Jason out for ice cream, and the three ask a passerby to take a photo to capture the moment.
Luke and Kofi, who objects to Luke’s presence, get into a fight, and Luke is arrested after hitting Kofi in the head with a wrench. After Robin bails him out of jail, Luke gives his savings to Romina to give to Jason when he's older. Luke insists on resuming their bank robberies, but Robin objects, and the two have a falling-out that results in Robin dismantling Luke’s motorcycle. Luke robs Robin at gunpoint, and uses the money to buy a new bike.

text: Luke attempts to rob a bank alone, but is pursued by police. Luke is cornered in a house by rookie police officer Avery Cross (Cooper) and calls Romina, asking her not to tell Jason who he was. Avery enters the room and shoots Luke in the stomach. Luke fires back, hitting Avery in the leg, but falls out the window to his death.

text: Avery gains hero status after taking down Glanton, but feels remorse about the shooting. Avery and his fellow officers illegally seize the stolen money from Romina's home, but Avery tries to return the money to Romina, who rejects it. Avery then tries to turn the money in to the chief of police, who rebuffs him. Discouraged, Avery tape records other illegal practices in the police department, and uses the recording to get a position as an assistant district attorney.

text: Fifteen years later, Avery is running for Attorney General of New York. He has his troubled teenage son A.J., who had been living with Avery’s ex-wife, move in with him and transfer to Schenectady High School. There, A.J. befriends Jason (DeHaan), but neither know the history between their fathers. The two are later arrested for felony drug possession, but when Avery is called in to pick up his son, he recognizes Jason's name. He gets Jason's charge dropped to a misdemeanor and orders A.J. to stay away from him.

text: Kofi finally tells Jason his father's name, allowing Jason to discover Luke's past on the Internet. Jason visits Robin, who tells him more about Luke and their robberies. Back in school, A.J. pressures Jason to steal Oxycontin, which Jason does, narrowly escaping the owner after failing to sneak back out undiscovered.

text: Jason eventually realizes that A.J.'s father is the man who killed his own father. After a fight with A.J., which leaves Jason hospitalized, Jason buys a gun, breaks into the Cross family home, beats A.J., and takes Avery hostage. Jason forces Avery to drive into the woods, where Avery breaks down and tearfully apologizes for killing Jason's father. Instead of killing him, Jason steals Avery's wallet and leaves him unharmed. In the wallet, Jason finds the photo of him and his parents eating ice cream, which Avery had stolen from the evidence locker.

text: Sometime later, Avery wins his bid for New York Attorney General, with A.J. at his side. Romina receives an envelope addressed to "Mom", with the old photograph inside. Jason purchases a motorcycle, starts the bike, and rides away from his old life. [7]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ryan Gosling as Luke Glanton
Bradley Cooper as Avery Cross
Eva Mendes as Romina Gutierrez
Dane DeHaan as Jason Glanton/Kancam
Emory Cohen as A. J. Cross
Ben Mendelsohn as Robin Van Der Hook
Rose Byrne as Jennifer Cross
Mahershala Ali as Kofi Kancam
Bruce Greenwood as Bill Killcullen
Ray Liotta as Peter Deluca
Harris Yulin as Albert Cross
Robert Clohessy as Chief Weirzbowski
Olga Merediz as Malena Gutierrez

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Place Beyond the Pines premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2012; it received a limited release in the United States on March 29, 2013 and was widely released on April 12, 2013.[8] The film grossed $279,457 from 4 theaters with an average of $69,864 per theater. The film ended up earning $21,403,519 in North America and $14,082,089 internationally for a total of $35,485,608, above its $15 million production budget.[2]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The Place Beyond the Pines received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a rating of 80%, based on 205 reviews, with an average score of 7.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Ambitious to a fault, The Place Beyond the Pines finds writer/director Derek Cianfrance reaching for—and often grasping—thorny themes of family, fatherhood, and fate."[9] On Metacritic has a score of 68 out of 100, based on 42 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[10]

text: Writing for the Indiewire "Playlist" blog, Kevin Jagernauth praised the film as an "ambitious epic that is cut from some of the same thematic tissue as Cianfrance's previous film, but expands the scope into a wondrously widescreen tale of fathers, sons and the legacy of sins that are passed down through the generations".[11] David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter praised the acting, cinematography, atmosphere, and score, but criticized the film's narrative flow.[12] In The Daily Telegraph, Robbie Collin drew attention to the film's "lower-key and largely unstarry third act" that was criticized in early reviews. "In fact, it’s the key to deciphering the entire film," he wrote. Collin drew parallels between Gosling's character and James Dean's Jim Stark in Rebel Without a Cause, and said Cianfrance's film was "great American cinema of the type we keep worrying we’ve already lost."[13]

text: Henry Barnes of The Guardian gave a mixed review, writing: "The Place Beyond the Pines is ambitious and epic, perhaps to a fault. It's a long, slow watch in the final act, a detour into the next generation that sees the sons of Luke and Avery pick away at their daddy issues together. Cianfrance signposts the ripple effects of crime with giant motorway billboards, then pootles along, following a storyline that drops off Mendes and Byrne before winding on to its obvious conclusion."[14] A negative review came from Slant Magazine's Ed Gonzalez, who criticized the film's plot, themes, "self-importance", shallow characters, and melodramatic nature.[15]

text: Top ten lists[edit]

text:
5th — Randy Myers, San Jose Mercury News[16]
6th — Kristopher Tapley, Hitfix[16]
6th — Richard Lawson, Vanity Fair[16]
7th — Total Film[16]
9th — Den of Geek[16]
9th — Kyle Smith, New York Post[16]
10th — Lisa Kennedy, The Denver Post[16]
10th — Steve Persall, The Tampa Bay Times[16]
No order — Stephen Witty, The Star-Ledger[16]
No order — Claudia Puig, USA Today[16]