document_title: Connecticut Huskies women's basketball

question_text: who did uconn women's basketball lose to

question_tokens: who did uconn women 's basketball lose to

text: Connecticut Huskies women's basketball

text: History[edit]

text: Early years (1974–1991)[edit]

text: After just one winning season in 10 years under coaches Sandra Hamm (1974–75), Wanda Flora (1975–80) and Jean Balthaser (1980–85), UConn hired as their new head coach the Italian-born Geno Auriemma, who had served as assistant coach at Virginia, with the goal of revitalizing the program. Auriemma's training skills had an immediate impact and the team showed steady signs of progress: after going 12–15 in his first season in 1985–86, Auriemma led UConn to winning seasons in 1986–87 and 1987–88.[6]

text: Auriemma pulled off one of his biggest and most important early recruiting successes in 1987 when he convinced an All American from New Hampshire, Kerry Bascom, to come to UConn. Bascom had an immediate impact on the UConn program: in 1989 she won the Big East Player of the Year award as a sophomore (she also won the award in her junior and senior years) and led UConn to its first Big East regular season and Tournament title, along with its first-ever NCAA tournament appearance; the tournament ended in a first round loss. With Bascom and teammates Laura Lishness, Megan Pattyson, Wendy Davis and Debbie Baer, UConn reached the NCAA Tournament again in 1990, losing 61–59 to Clemson in the second round after a first-round bye.[7]

text: In Auriemma's 6th season (1990–91) the program broke through on the national scene, again capturing the Big East regular season and Tournament titles, and earning a #3 seed in the East Regional of the NCAA Tournament, its highest seed up to then. UConn beat Toledo 81–80 at Gampel Pavilion in the opening round game, with Bascom scoring a team NCAA tournament single-game record 39 points, and moved on to the regionals at The Palestra in Auriemma's hometown of Philadelphia. Here the team upset heavily favored ACC power North Carolina State in the Sweet 16, and then defeated Clemson 60–57 to advance to their first-ever Final Four, also a first for any Big East school. UConn's season ended with a 61–55 loss to top-seeded Virginia in the national semifinals at Lakefront Arena in New Orleans. Bascom was hit with early foul trouble and Virginia held off a late UConn rally. Including these final tournament games, Bascom had set a new UConn scoring record with 2,177 points during her years at the school.[8]

text: Rebecca Lobo era (1992–1995)[edit]

text: UConn followed up its surprise run to the Final Four in 1991 by landing All-American Rebecca Lobo from Southwick, Massachusetts.

text: UConn had modest success in Lobo's first 2 seasons, losing early in the NCAA Tournament in both seasons. In 1993–94, UConn had its most successful season to that point;[9] led by Lobo and teammates Jamelle Elliott, Jennifer Rizzotti, Pam Webber, Kara Wolters and Carla Berube, UConn won 30 games for the first time in program history, winning the Big East tournament and regular-season titles. In the NCAA tournament UConn reached the Elite Eight but came up short in its hopes to make it back to the Final Four, losing to eventual champion North Carolina.

text: 1995 National Championship: undefeated (35–0)[edit]

text: With every major player back from 1994, and the addition of Auriemma's most highly ranked recruit to date (Connecticut Player of the Year Nykesha Sales), UConn was in for a season to remember in 1994–95.[10] The season started with an 80-point win over Morgan State; two weeks later, UConn defeated powerhouse North Carolina State by 23 points on the road. This season also saw the birth of one of the greatest rivalries in college sports, the UConn-Tennessee rivalry, that began when the two teams met for the first time on Martin Luther King Day at Gampel Pavilion. UConn defeated Tennessee 77–66 in front of a sold-out crowd in a game televised on ESPN and soon afterwards was ranked #1 in the polls for the first time in program history.

text: UConn went unbeaten through the Conference regular season and Tournament and easily advanced into the NCAA Tournament; in the regional final against Virginia a 4-points win in their closest game of the year opened the doors of the Final Four at the Target Center in Minneapolis.[11] UConn blew out Stanford in the semifinals behind Wolters' 31 points, reaching the championship game for a rematch against Tennessee. In the final game UConn found itself in early trouble when Lobo was called for three personal fouls in 94 seconds in the first half, but in the second half the team was able to rally from a 9-point deficit and a key Rizzotti layup gave UConn the lead with less than 2 minutes to go, a lead that the team kept until the final score of 70–64 and their first national title. Rebecca Lobo was named the Final Four's Most Outstanding Player.

text: With a perfect 35–0 record, UConn became only the fifth Division I women's basketball team to go undefeated en route to a national championship, and only the second in the NCAA era (since 1982). The Huskies also became the first unbeaten team in NCAA history (all divisions, men or women) to win 35 games in a season.[12]

text: The 1994–95 UConn team was widely credited with increasing interest in women's basketball.[13] The team was honored with a parade in Hartford, CT that drew over 100,000 spectators. The team won the Team of the Year Award at the ESPN ESPY awards that year, and Lobo became a popular symbol of the sport. UConn also signed a landmark deal during the season with Connecticut Public Television to broadcast their games.[14]

text: Lobo graduated in 1995 receiving countless accolades: the Naismith College Player of the Year award, the Wade Trophy, the Associated Press Women's College Basketball Player of the Year award, the USBWA Women's National Player of the Year award, the Honda-Broderick Cup, the Best Female Athlete ESPY Award (first basketball player ever), the Associated Press Athlete of the Year (second basketball player after Sheryl Swoopes), the NCAA Woman of the Year Award, the Academic All-America of the Year and also All-sports Academic All-America of the Year.

text: In 2010 Lobo became the first Connecticut player inducted into the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame, among a class of six inductees,[15] followed by teammate Jennifer Rizzotti in the class of 2013.[16]

text: A new powerhouse is born (1996–2000)[edit]

text: After the 1995 Championship title, UConn rose to national prominence as one of the powerhouses in women's college basketball, giving coach Auriemma the chance to recruit star talents from high school like Shea Ralph in 1996 and Svetlana Abrosimova in 1997.

text: Escalation of rivalry with Tennessee[edit]

text: Starting with their two meetings in 1995, the rivalry between the Tennessee Lady Vols and UConn escalated through the late 90's and into the 2000s, becoming the marquee matchup in all women's sports, and taking on parallels to the Red Sox-Yankees rivalry in Major League Baseball. Geno Auriemma jokingly once referred to Pat Summitt and Tennessee as the "evil empire", like Red Sox president and CEO Larry Lucchino said of the Yankees.[17]

text: In the 1995–96 season UConn ended Tennessee's home court winning streak at Thompson Boling Arena in Knoxville. Tennessee avenged itself in the Final Four that year in Charlotte, defeating UConn 88–83 in overtime; the game is often thought to be one of the more memorable tournament games in tournament history with many back and forth swings of momentum.[18]

text: UConn defeated Tennessee during the 1996–97 regular season; after a season-ending injury for Shea Ralph in the first round of the NCAA tournament, UConn reached the Regional Final where the two teams met again, with Tennessee prevailing and ending Connecticut's unbeaten season by winning 91–81.[19]

text: Tennessee defeated Connecticut again in the 1997–98 regular season. A mini controversy erupted in the days after the game when Tennessee's Chamique Holdsclaw was quoted in the papers as saying UConn looked scared during the game; Auriemma denounced that quote.[20] With Shea Ralph and senior Nykesha Sales out for the entire season, freshman Svetlana Abrosimova led a young UConn team to the NCAA Tournament Regional Final where they eventually lost to North Carolina State 60–52.

text: Nykesha Sales controversy[edit]

text: Auriemma found himself in a national debate following a decision he made during the 1997–98 season. Senior Nykesha Sales suffered a season-ending injury in one of the final games of the regular season. At the time of her injury, she was only one point shy of Kerry Bascom's school scoring record. The next game, with Bascom's blessing, and assistance from friend and Villanova head coach Harry Paretta, Auriemma arranged to have Sales, who was on crutches, score a basket and then allow Villanova to score a basket to start the game at 2–2. Sales then held the school scoring record.[21]

text: Many people weighed in on the decision on both national and local levels. Auriemma felt guilty that he put Sales through the ordeal and was angry that some columnists chose to fault her and not him. Auriemma was criticized for compromising the integrity of the game, but defended the decision saying it was a school record and he would never had done it without Bascom's blessing.[22]

text: Arrival of the TASSK Force[edit]

text: Auriemma signed his best recruiting class to date in 1998 when he signed five top-15 nationally ranked players. High school All-Americans Swin Cash, Tamika Williams, Sue Bird, Asjha Jones, and Keirsten Walters were dubbed "TASSK Force" by Connecticut fans, using the players' initials. The class renewed hope of bringing more championships to Storrs after watching archrival Tennessee win three in a row.

text: The first season for the highly ranked class in 1998–99 was up and down and featured many injuries: Sue Bird tore her ACL and was lost for the season after only 10 games.

text: In the 1999 meeting at Gampel Pavilion, Tennessee prevailed again. During the game there was a scuffle involving Tennessee's Semeka Randall and Connecticut's Svetlana Abrosimova where Randall threw the ball down, hitting Abrosimova's head. UConn fans booed Randall the rest of the game and Tennessee fans later gave her the nickname "Boo."[23] The 1998–99 season ended in the Sweet Sixteen round of the NCAA Tournament, where UConn lost 64–58 to Iowa State, falling short of reaching the Final Four for the third consecutive time.

text: 2000 National Championship[edit]

text: Motivated by the previous disappointing season, UConn came back in 1999–2000 with the clear goal of reaching the championship level again. Led by upperclassmen Shea Ralph, Kelly Schumacher, Svetlana Abrosimova and the TASS Force (the K was dropped when Keirsten Walters had to give up basketball due to knee problems), UConn went through the regular season with a 27–1 record, their only loss being a single-point defeat to Tennessee at home—UConn had beaten Tennessee earlier in the season in Knoxville, and this was the first year the teams met twice. The Huskies advanced to their first Final Four since 1996 and beat Penn State in the semifinals, reaching the Lady Vols for the championship game in Auriemma's hometown of Philadelphia. Despite the two regular season meetings being close battles, UConn used tenacious defense and backdoor cuts to overwhelm Tennessee 71–52 for their second National Championship. Connecticut's final season record was 36–1 and Shea Ralph was named the Final Four's MVP.[24]

text: Diana Taurasi era (2001–2004)[edit]

text: Auriemma pulled off another huge recruiting coup when he convinced All-American guard Diana Taurasi to travel across country to attend Connecticut. Taurasi hailed from Chino, California, and attended Don Lugo High School where she was the recipient of the 2000 Cheryl Miller Award, presented by the Los Angeles Times to the best player in southern California. She was also named the 2000 Naismith and Parade Magazine National High School Player of the Year. Taurasi finished her high school career ranked second to Cheryl Miller in state history with 3,047 points.[25]

text: With Taurasi joining the core of the 2000 Championship team, Auriemma confidently predicted another championship in 2001, but the season turned out to be more difficult than expected. UConn won the Big East Tournament over Notre Dame in a game remembered for the Bird at the Buzzer shot, but lost key players Abrosimova and Ralph to season-ending injuries.[26] As a consequence, Taurasi had to play a much larger role than anticipated in the NCAA Tournament. She led UConn to the Final Four, but in the national semifinals against Notre Dame in St. Louis, Taurasi had a poor shooting game, and despite UConn having attained a 16-point lead at one point, the team lost. Notre Dame went on to win its first National Championship.

text: 2002 National Championship: undefeated (39–0)[edit]

text: As with the 2000 champions, who had also come off a disappointing loss the year before, UConn returned hungrier than ever in 2001–02. With the TASS force in their senior season and Taurasi emerging as a star in her sophomore year, UConn rolled through its opponents throughout the year. The only close game the Huskies played all year long was a win at Virginia Tech.

text: UConn advanced to the Final Four and outscored rival Tennessee in the semifinals by 23 points. In front of a record-breaking crowd at the Alamodome in San Antonio, UConn defeated Oklahoma for the championship 82–70 to complete a perfect 39–0 season. The starting five of Bird, Taurasi, Cash, Jones, and Williams is widely regarded as the best starting five in women's college basketball history.[27] The championship game that year shattered ratings for ESPN and at the time was the highest rated college basketball game to air on the network, men's or women's.[28]

text: 2003 National Championship[edit]

text: With the TASS force graduated, Diana Taurasi had to carry most of the load in her junior season, with help from returning teammates Maria Conlon, Jessica Moore and Ashley Battle and a top-ranked recruiting class of Ann Strother, Barbara Turner, Willnet Crockett and Nicole Wolff. With no seniors on the roster, 2003 was supposed to be a rebuilding year for UConn, but as the year progressed it became clear that Taurasi was up to the challenge of carrying a group of young players to the championship. UConn finished the regular season undefeated and established a 70-game winning streak, shattering the previous mark of 54 set by Louisiana Tech; the streak ended in the Big East championship game loss to Villanova.[29]

text: In the NCAA Tournament UConn easily advanced to the Final Four at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta. UConn rallied from a 9-point deficit to beat Texas in the semifinals and, aided by Taurasi's 28 points in the finals, defeated rival Tennessee for UConn's fourth national championship. UConn became the first team to win a championship without a senior on their roster.[30][31]

text: 2004 National Championship[edit]

text: Although the entire team returned and expectations were sky high for a "three-peat" in Taurasi's senior year, UConn had an uneven season. The team gave up large leads against Duke and suffered losses to Notre Dame and Villanova, also losing to Boston College in the semifinals of the Big East Tournament.

text: The Huskies found their rhythm during the NCAA Tournament, in which they were a #2 seed; in the Elite Eight they beat top-seeded Penn State to advance to the Final Four at the New Orleans Arena. After beating Minnesota in the semifinals, UConn again defeated Tennessee for the National Championship. The win was even more special as the UConn men's basketball team won the men's national championship the previous night, marking the first time one University won both the men's and women's basketball championships in one season, a feat repeated in 2014.

text: In her career at UConn, Taurasi led the team to four consecutive Final Fours and three straight national titles. Prior to that final championship, her coach, Geno Auriemma, predicted his team's likelihood of winning with the statement, "We have Diana, and you don't."[32]

text: Taurasi received many personal accolades at UConn including the 2003 and 2004 Naismith College Player of the Year awards, the 2003 Wade Trophy, the 2003 Associated Press Women's College Basketball Player of the Year award, the 2003 USBWA Women's National Player of the Year award and the 2004 Best Female Athlete ESPY Award. Taurasi was the third basketball player to receive this final honor, after former UConn star Rebecca Lobo and Tennessee star Chamique Holdsclaw. She achieved legendary status among UConn fans, and is widely considered one of the greatest players of all time.[33]

text: Rebuilding years (2005–2007)[edit]

text: Relative to their high standards, UConn struggled during the first two years following Taurasi's graduation in 2004. Some of its highly touted recruits did not play up to expectations while others suffered injuries. Taken together during the three years 2005–2007, UConn never made a Final Four, something that has become almost routine (17 final fours in 22 years from 1995 to 2016).

text: The 2004–05 season was marked with sloppy play and ragged offense; UConn lost 8 games and failed to win the Big East regular season crown for the first time since 1993. In the NCAA tournament, UConn lost to Stanford in the Sweet Sixteen.[34]

text: In the 2005–06 season, UConn showed some signs of improvement, winning the Big East Tournament and beating Georgia in the Sweet Sixteen thanks to a fadeaway 3-pointer with 1.8 seconds left by senior Barbara Turner.[35] Behind a home state crowd, UConn almost upset #1 ranked Duke in the regional final, before falling in overtime by 2 points.[36]

text: In the 2006–07 season, the team improved with the additions of Renee Montgomery, Mel Thomas, Ketia Swanier, and the #1 ranked high school player Tina Charles, helping UConn emerge as a contender again. UConn was a #1 seed in the NCAA tournament, but eventually lost to LSU in the regional final to end the season with a 32–4 record.[37]

text: Maya Moore era (2008–2011)[edit]

text: After three down years by UConn standards, the team emerged as a heavy contender for the championship in the 2008 season. In addition to all players returning from the 2007 team, #1 ranked high school player Maya Moore joined the team after a bitter recruitment battle between UConn and Tennessee. Shortly after Moore's commitment to UConn, Tennessee announced they were cancelling the annual series with UConn, thus ending one of the biggest rivalries in the sport. Even if both coaches remained vague and unspecific about the reasons of the cancellation, Tennessee filed a complaint to the NCAA about UConn's recruitment of Moore. UConn was found to have committed a secondary violation (involving a tour of the ESPN campus) and no punishment was handed out.[38][39]

text: Despite losing Mel Thomas and Kalana Greene to season-ending knee injuries, UConn went through the 2007–08 regular season with only a single loss at Rutgers, by two points, winning both the Big East regular season and tournament titles. Rallying from a 14-point deficit in the NCAA regional final they beat conference rival Rutgers and advanced to their first Final Four since Taurasi graduated. Those tournament victories were largely credited to senior Charde Houston, a top recruit out of San Diego viewed as not living up to expectations from Geno Auriemma and the UConn fans up to that point, who came up with key rebounds and clutch points in those games.[40] In the National semifinals played at the St. Pete Times Forum in Tampa UConn lost to Stanford, ending its season with a 36–2 record. This would be the team's last loss for quite some time.

text: 2009 National Championship: undefeated (39–0)[edit]

text: For the third consecutive year UConn successfully recruited the top ranked high school player in Elena Delle Donne, but shortly before enrolling at UConn Delle Donne requested a release from her scholarship, giving up basketball in order to stay closer to home and play volleyball at the University of Delaware; Delle Donne would eventually play basketball at Delaware, having a great college career that culminated in the #2 pick at 2013 WNBA draft.[41] Despite losing Delle Donne the Huskies were ranked #1 in the preseason polls, having returned 10 players from the 2008 Final Four team (including All-Americans Maya Moore, Renee Montgomery and Tina Charles), in addition to Kalana Greene who recovered from her knee injury.

text: UConn finished the regular season undefeated for the 5th time in school history with a 30–0 record. They won their 17th Big East Regular Season title and their 15th Big East Tournament title beating the Louisville Cardinals. The Huskies advanced to their 10th Final Four with an 83–64 victory over Arizona State, and then to the 6th NCAA Championship Game in program history by defeating Stanford, also by the score of 83–64. In the Championship Game UConn defeated Louisville 76–54 behind Charles' 25 points and 19 boards, ending the season with a perfect 39–0 record (with every victory by at least 10 points, a record of its own) and sixth national title.[42]

text: 2010 National Championship: undefeated (39–0)[edit]

text: For the second consecutive year (and the sixth time in school history) UConn finished the regular season undefeated, with an average margin of victory of 35.9 points. During the regular season UConn played 11 games against ranked opponents (including 6 in the top ten) with an average margin of victory of 24. They dominated the Big East Tournament, winning the championship game 60–32. Throughout the regular season and the Big East Tournament, UConn's closest win was against Stanford, by 12 points.

text: Leading up to the Final Four in San Antonio, UConn dominated teams from Southern, Temple, Iowa State and Florida State. Maya Moore and Tina Charles played little more than half the minutes of every game, with Moore averaging one point per minute played, and the team outscoring its opponents by an average of 47 points. In the Final Four UConn was finally challenged by Baylor and the 6-foot-8 freshman Brittney Griner;[43] Baylor trailed 39–26 at halftime but UConn finally pulled away for a final score of 70–50.

text: The National Championship Game against Stanford was a completely different story. UConn started the game with its worst first half in school history by scoring only 12 points; only eleven teams in tournament history have been held to 12 points or less in the first half: three of them were against UConn teams, and two of them (Southern and Temple) just days earlier in the 2010 Tournament. Stanford itself only managed to score 20 points in the first half. Maya Moore gave UConn the lead (23–22) in the second half with a three-pointer and led the team on a scoring run of 30–6 that eventually secured the national championship with a final score of 53–47.[44] It was the only game in the Huskies' 78-game winning streak that was won by fewer than 10 points. Moore was named the Tournament Most Outstanding Player, to go along with her second straight Wade Trophy award and Academic All-America of the Year award. Charles, who won the John R. Wooden Award and Naismith College Player of the Year awards,[45] was chosen first overall in the WNBA draft days later.[46]

text: A new record, but no three-peat[edit]

text: The 2010–11 season began with high hopes but much uncertainty for the Huskies. Maya Moore returned for her senior season after a summer with the U.S. National team, but UConn lost major contributors Tina Charles and Kalana Greene who graduated in 2010. Additionally, junior guard Caroline Doty would be out the entire season due to a third knee injury. In an early test, UConn squeaked by #2 Baylor in their second game of the season. They powered their way through 8 more consecutive wins for their 88th straight victory, beating #10 Ohio State at Madison Square Garden. Their 89th win came at home against #20 Florida State to set the college basketball record for most consecutive wins, previously held by the UCLA men's team. After a break in the schedule for the holidays, UConn traveled out west and beat the Pacific Tigers to stretch the streak to 90 games.[47] That game, however, was largely a warm-up match for their biggest test of the season, a December 30 matchup at the powerhouse Stanford Cardinal. UConn trailed for the entire game and lost for the first time since their April 6, 2008 Final Four appearance (also against the Cardinal). The loss ended the highly publicized winning streak, as well as their long held spot as the top ranked team in women's basketball which was taken over by Baylor. Connecticut recovered focus after the loss and got through the rest of the regular season undefeated, regaining the #1 ranking along the way after Baylor's loss to Texas Tech in February. They marched through the Big East tournament, including their 3rd victory of the year over Notre Dame in the Big East Tournament Championship Game.

text: In the NCAA tournament Final Four UConn met Notre Dame for the fourth time of the season, with the underdog Fighting Irish prevailing and ending UConn's bid for a third straight National Championship. The keys to Notre Dame's success were the stellar performance of sophomore Skylar Diggins and the hot shooting (over 50 percent from the field, a first against UConn in its last 262 games), while UConn had a lack of support for Moore's 36 points.[48] Notre Dame went on to the National Championship Game, but were defeated by the Texas A&M Aggies.

text: During 2010–11 season Maya Moore posted career highs in scoring (22.3 ppg), assists (4.1 apg) and steals (2.2 spg), sweeping all possible individual honors: she won her 2nd Naismith College Player of the Year award, her 3rd straight Wade Trophy (only player in history - freshmen are not eligible for this award), her 2nd Associated Press Women's College Basketball Player of the Year award, her 2nd USBWA Women's National Player of the Year award and her 2nd John R. Wooden Award; she was also voted Big East Player of The Year (3rd time) and a fourth straight unanimous First-Team All-American in WBCA, USBWA and AP polls (second player ever after Oklahoma's Courtney Paris).

text: In her amazing college career Maya Moore won 150 games and only lost 4, amassing a total 3036 points (1st Husky ever and 4th all-time in NCAA division I women's basketball), 1276 rebounds (2nd Husky ever), 310 steals (3rd Husky ever), 544 assists (6th Husky ever) and 204 blocks (4th Husky ever); she is the only women’s basketball player in Division I history to record 2500 points, 1000 rebounds, 500 assists, 250 steals and 150 blocked shots. On February 28 she was enshrined in the Huskies of Honor (3rd time ever for an active player).

text: Maya Moore was also a brilliant college student: she graduated with a 3.7 GPA, earning the Elite 88 Award, and was named Cosida Academic All-America First-Team in 2009, 2010 and 2011, Cosida Academic All-America of the Year in 2010 and 2011 (1st player to ever repeat) and All-sports Academic All-America of the Year in 2011.[49]

text: After graduation Maya Moore was selected by the Minnesota Lynx as the 1st overall pick in the 2011 WNBA draft (4th time for a Husky), also becoming the first female basketball player signed to the Jordan Brand.[50]

text: The eye of the storm (2012)[edit]

text: The 2011–12 season would inevitably be a new era after Maya Moore's graduation. Her absence and the loss of 6th-man Lorin Dixon left significant holes to fill in the roster. Geno Auriemma seemed to find the right pieces with a freshman class that included Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis, Brianna Banks and Kiah Stokes. Mosqueda-Lewis was another State Farm/WBCA High School Player of the Year for UConn,[51] Banks was a highly rated guard,[52] and Stokes, a 6'3 post player, was highly ranked as well. Other key players included sophomores Stefanie Dolson and Bria Hartley, junior Kelly Faris and senior Tiffany Hayes, who would be all selected in the WNBA drafts after graduation.

text: Even if the Huskies were still a strong national contender, they were no longer viewed as a favorite to win it all. Two key rivals were the usual conference foe Notre Dame and the new rival Baylor, who had the nation's top player in Brittney Griner. In December Griner led #1 ranked Baylor against #2 UConn, scoring 25 points to go along with nine blocks. The 66–61 loss was UConn's first of the season, but not its last. Notre Dame, led by junior star Skylar Diggins, beat the Huskies twice in the regular season, but UConn was able to reverse the roles in the Big East Tournament Championship Game; the win was the school's 15th conference title, as well as the 800th career win for coach Geno Auriemma. Ultimately Notre Dame found its revenge with an upset win in the NCAA Tournament Final Four, ending the season with a 3–1 record against the Huskies, a record that would be repeated the following year.

text: Breanna Stewart era (2013–2016)[edit]

text: 2013 National Championship[edit]

text: The 2012–13 season began with high hopes having UConn landed three highly ranked recruits: #1 overall Breanna Stewart from Cicero – North Syracuse High School, forward Morgan Tuck and guard Moriah Jefferson. Their play was uneven during the regular season, where UConn went 27–3 with a loss to Baylor and a pair of losses to Notre Dame (including a three-overtime game in South Bend); in the Big East tournament UConn lost a third straight time to Notre Dame that delivered a last-minute comeback. In the NCAA tournament UConn key-players Stewart, Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis, Stefanie Dolson and senior Kelly Faris raised their level of play, and UConn easily advanced to the Final Four; in the semifinals they handily beat Notre Dame and in the finals they obtained a 93–60 win over Louisville, who had earlier upset Baylor, for a record tying eighth national championship.

text: The end of 2012–13 season saw the breakup of the Big East Conference. First Pittsburgh, Syracuse and Notre Dame defected to the Atlantic Coast Conference, with Louisville announcing later they would follow in 2014. Then, the non-FBS football playing members of the Big East (Georgetown, Villanova, Providence, DePaul, Marquette, Seton Hall, St. John's), known colloquially as the "Catholic 7", left to form their own conference, taking the conference name with them. The remaining teams of the former Big East (Connecticut and Cincinnati) joined the new American Athletic Conference (AAC), thus ending the UConn–Notre Dame rivalry in conference tournaments.

text: 2014 National Championship: undefeated (40–0)[edit]

text: With Faris and Doty graduated, sophomore Breanna Stewart was the undisputed leader of the 2013–14 UConn team, starting in all 40 games and leading the team with 19.4 points and 2.8 blocks per game; her 291 field goals made was the third-highest single-season total in UConn annals.

text: The team beat every opponent by at least 10 points and easily reached the NCAA tournament finals, where they met unbeaten Notre Dame, making it the first ever match up of two undefeated teams in the championship game. UConn defeated 79–58 Notre Dame (hindered by the loss of one of their stars, Natalie Achonwa, who had torn her ACL in the Elite Eight), to finish the season 40–0, tying Baylor for the most wins in a season and setting the new record for Championship with nine.[53] Breanna Stewart was named the AP Player of the year, only the third time in history a sophomore has won the honor.

text: 2015 National Championship[edit]

text: The 2014–15 regular season started with an overtime loss to Stanford in the second game of the season, ending a 47-games winning streak for UConn. Led by juniors Stewart and Jefferson and senior Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis, UConn quickly recovered winning every other season game, including a 76–58 win against rival Notre Dame. In the National Tournament, both Connecticut and Notre Dame were seeded first in their respective playoff brackets; each advanced to the Final Four held in Tampa, Florida. Connecticut defeated Maryland 81–58, while Notre Dame narrowly beat South Carolina, 66–65, in the semifinals.

text: The teams met again on April 7, 2015 in the National Championship game. UConn won by a score of 63–53 to win their third straight national championship and tenth total, with coach Auriemma tying a record set by John Wooden in college basketball.[54]

text: 2016 National Championship: undefeated (38–0)[edit]

text: In 2015 UConn landed another top recruit in #1 High School prospect Katie Lou Samuelson; she quickly earned a spot in the starting five alongside sophomore Kia Nurse and seniors Breanna Stewart, Moriah Jefferson and Morgan Tuck. The team was unbeatable all season long, beating every opponent by an average of 39.7 points, and easily winning conference regular season and tournament. While other #1 seeds Notre Dame, South Carolina and Baylor suffered early upsets in the NCAA Tournament, UConn easily advanced to the Final Four where they defeated Oregon State 80–51 and then old Big East rival Syracuse 82–51 in the Championship Game. UConn completed their sixth undefeated season winning the 11th overall Championship (all-time record for both men's and women's college basketball) and 4th in a row (also a record for women's college basketball). Geno Auriemma is now the only coach in college basketball to have won 11 titles, passing UCLA legend John Wooden (who has 10) and reaching former NBA coach Phil Jackson.[55]

text: Senior Breanna Stewart was named Final Four Most Outstanding Player for a record 4th straight time; she also performed a back-to-back sweep of all individual honors, winning her 2nd straight Wade Trophy, a record 3rd Associated Press Women's College Basketball Player of the Year award, a record 3rd USBWA Women's National Player of the Year award, a record 3rd Naismith College Player of the Year award and her 2nd straight John R. Wooden Award. Stewart finished with 2,676 points (2nd Husky ever), 1,179 rebounds (4th Husky ever), 426 assists and 414 blocked shots (1st Husky ever), and was a #1 pick in 2016 WNBA draft.[56] Moriah Jefferson finished with a program-record 659 assists and a back-to-back Nancy Lieberman Award as best point guard in the nation. The trio of Stewart-Jefferson-Tuck ended its college career with a 151–5 record, the most victories for college basketball players; they are the only 4-time winners in college basketball history (freshmen were not eligible to play during UCLA men's streak). With their eleventh championship win in 2016, the UConn Huskies have tied the UCLA Bruins men's team for most college basketball championships, and became the first Division I women's basketball team to win four straight national championships.[2]

text: Current years (2017–)[edit]

text: A new record streak ends[edit]

text: After losing the stellar trio of Stewart, Jefferson and Tuck, many predicted a sub-par season for UConn standards; the AP Poll ranked the team third in the nation, and coach Auriemma had designed a very tough non-conference calendar to test the strength of his young team. The first regular season game, a 2 points win against #12 Florida State, seemed to confirm the expectations, with coach Auriemma predicting "a good beat" ahead.[57] As the season progressed, however, the team quickly found its rhythm, beating ranked teams like Baylor, Notre Dame and Maryland, and showcasing a talented core of young players. Together with sophomore Katie Lou Samuelson and junior Kia Nurse, the only returning starters, the duo of sophomore Napheesa Collier and junior Gabby Williams quickly rose to national attention; even senior Saniya Chong, who had played few minutes in her first three seasons, showed great improvements, leading the nation in assists-to-turnovers ratio.[58] Coming from a 75-wins streak from previous season, UConn tied its own previous 90-wins record with a 102-37 win against South Florida on October 1, 2017;[59] the 100th straight wins mark was reached on February 13, 2017 with a 66-55 win against South Carolina.[60]

text: After easy wins in both conference regular season and conference tournament, UConn entered the NCAA tournament unbeaten, #1 overall and once again a heavy favorite to win it all; the season came to an unexpected end when Mississippi State's Morgan William hit a buzzer-beater to give its team a 66-64 overtime victory in the NCAA Final Four.[61] The loss ended the streak at 111 consecutive wins, an all time record not only for college basketball games, but also for any team sport played at college level.[62]

text: Historic results[edit]

text: Season by season[edit]

text:
Season
Coach
Overall
Conference
Standing
Postseason

Sandra Hamm (Yankee Conference) (1974–1975)

1974–75
Sandra Hamm
2–8

Sandra Hamm:
2–8 (.200)

Wanda Flora (Yankee Conference) (1975–1980)

1975–76
Wanda Flora
7–12

1976–77
Wanda Flora
7–13

1977–78
Wanda Flora
7–13

1978–79
Wanda Flora
8–13

1979–80
Wanda Flora
9–15

Wanda Flora:
38–66 (.365)

Jean Balthaser (Yankee Conference) (1980–1982)

1980–81
Jean Balthaser
16–14

1981–82
Jean Balthaser
9–18

Jean Balthaser (Big East Conference) (1982–1985)

1982–83
Jean Balthaser
9–18
1–7
9th

1983–84
Jean Balthaser
9–20
0–8
9th

1984–85
Jean Balthaser
9–18
3–13
8th

Jean Balthaser:
52–88 (.371)
4–28 (.125)

Geno Auriemma (Big East Conference) (1985–2013)

1985–86
Geno Auriemma
12–15
4–12
7th

1986–87
Geno Auriemma
14–13
9–7
7th

1987–88
Geno Auriemma
17–11
9–7
5th

1988–89
Geno Auriemma
24–6
13–2
1st
NCAA 1st Round

1989–90
Geno Auriemma
25–6
14–2
T–1st
NCAA 2nd Round

1990–91
Geno Auriemma
29–5
14–2
1st
NCAA Final Four

1991–92
Geno Auriemma
23–11
13–5
T–2nd
NCAA 2nd Round

1992–93
Geno Auriemma
18–11
12–6
3rd
NCAA 1st Round

1993–94
Geno Auriemma
30–3
17–1
1st
NCAA Elite Eight

1994–95
Geno Auriemma
35–0
18–0
1st
NCAA Champions

1995–96
Geno Auriemma
34–4
17–1
1st
NCAA Final Four

1996–97
Geno Auriemma
33–1
18–0
1st
NCAA Elite Eight

1997–98
Geno Auriemma
34–3
17–1
1st
NCAA Elite Eight

1998–99
Geno Auriemma
29–5
17–1
T–1st
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

1999–2000
Geno Auriemma
36–1
16–0
1st
NCAA Champions

2000–01
Geno Auriemma
32–3
15–1
T–1st
NCAA Final Four

2001–02
Geno Auriemma
39–0
16–0
1st
NCAA Champions

2002–03
Geno Auriemma
37–1
16–0
1st
NCAA Champions

2003–04
Geno Auriemma
31–4
14–2
1st
NCAA Champions

2004–05
Geno Auriemma
25–8
13–3
T–2nd
NCAA Sweet Sixteen

2005–06
Geno Auriemma
32–5
14–2
2nd
NCAA Elite Eight

2006–07
Geno Auriemma
32–4
16–0
1st
NCAA Elite Eight

2007–08
Geno Auriemma
36–2
15–1
1st
NCAA Final Four

2008–09
Geno Auriemma
39–0
16–0
1st
NCAA Champions

2009–10
Geno Auriemma
39–0
16–0
1st
NCAA Champions

2010–11
Geno Auriemma
36–2
16–0
1st
NCAA Final Four

2011–12
Geno Auriemma
33–5
13–3
3rd
NCAA Final Four

2012–13
Geno Auriemma
35–4
14–2
2nd
NCAA Champions

Geno Auriemma (American Athletic Conference) (2013–present)

2013–14
Geno Auriemma
40–0
18–0
1st
NCAA Champions

2014–15
Geno Auriemma
38–1
18–0
1st
NCAA Champions

2015–16
Geno Auriemma
38–0
18–0
1st
NCAA Champions

2016–17
Geno Auriemma
36–1
16–0
1st
NCAA Final Four

Geno Auriemma:
991–135 (.880)
472–61 (.886)

Total:
1,083–297 (.785)

      National champion         Postseason invitational champion
      Conference regular season champion         Conference regular season and conference tournament champion
      Division regular season champion       Division regular season and conference tournament champion
      Conference tournament champion

text: Conference tournament[edit]

text: UConn played in the Big East Conference since the 1982-83 season, the first to hold a women's basketball tournament; they won 18 tournaments in 31 years.[63] Since 2013-14 UConn plays in the American Athletic Conference, where they are still unbeaten both in regular season and conference tournament games, having won all 4 conference tournaments held.

text:
Year
Seed
First Round
Quarterfinal
Semifinal
Final

Big East Conference

1983
#9
#8 Boston College
57-69

1984
#9
#7 Boston College
52-51
#1 Pittsburgh
57-60

1985
#7
#9 Seton Hall
73-87 (OT)

1986
#7

#2 Villanova
47-68

1987
#4

#4 St. John's
58-68

1988
#5

#3 Boston College
56-71

1989
#1

#8 Georgetown
85–73
#4 Boston College
65-45
#3 Providence
84–65

1990
#1

#8 St. John's
71–58
#4 Boston College
72-51
#2 Providence
61–82

1991
#1

#8 Villanova
64–47
#5 Seton Hall
69-54
#2 Providence
79–74

1992
#2

#7 Pittsburgh
86–50
#3 Georgetown
82-64
#1 Miami
47–56

1993
#3

#6 Seton Hall
56–54 (OT)
#7 Providence
73-87

1994
#1

#9 St. John's
69–45
#4 Providence
92-56
#2 Seton Hall
77–51

1995
#1

#9 Providence
92–63
#4 Pittsburgh
95-63
#3 Seton Hall
85–49

1996
#1

#8 Rutgers
93–64
#13 Pittsburgh
83-51
#3 Notre Dame
71–54

1997
#1

#9 Villanova
63–45
#4 Miami
98-71
#3 Notre Dame
86–77

1998
#1

#8 West Virginia
84–82
#5 Notre Dame
73-53
#2 Rutgers
67–58

1999
#1

#8 St. John's
82–58
#5 Georgetown
77-42
#3 Notre Dame
96–75

2000
#1

#9 St. John's
85–41
#4 Boston College
79-54
#3 Rutgers
79–59

2001
#2

#7 Boston College
96–53
#3 Rutgers
94-66
#1 Notre Dame
78–76

2002
#1

#9 Seton Hall
78–48
#4 Villanova
83-39
#3 Boston College
96–54

2003
#1

#8 Seton Hall
70–47
#5 Virginia Tech
71-54
#3 Villanova
52–48

2004
#1

#8 Virginia Tech
48–34
#5 Boston College
70-73

2005
#3

#11 Syracuse
82–56
#2 Notre Dame
67-54
#1 Rutgers
67–51

2006
#2

#10 Notre Dame
71–60
#3 DePaul
69-57
#12 West Virginia
50–44

2007
#1

#8 South Florida
74–54
#5 Louisville
76-50
#2 Rutgers
47–55

2008
#1

#9 DePaul
86–67
#5 Pittsburgh
74-47
#7 Louisville
65–59

2009
#1

#8 South Florida
79–42
#4 Villanova
72-42
#2 Louisville
75–36

2010
#1

#9 Syracuse
77–41
#5 Notre Dame
59-44
#2 West Virginia
60–32

2011
#1

#8 Georgetown
54–43
#4 Rutgers
75-51
#3 Notre Dame
73–64

2012
#3

#6 Rutgers
49–34
#2 St. John's
74-43
#1 Notre Dame
63–54

2013
#2

#7 DePaul
91–61
#3 Syracuse
64-51
#2 Notre Dame
59–61

American Athletic Conference

2014
#1

#8 Cincinnati
72–42
#4 Rutgers
83-57
#2 Louisville
72–52

2015
#1

#9 Cincinnati
93–34
#5 East Carolina
106-56
#2 South Florida
84–70

2016
#1

#8 East Carolina
92–51
#5 Tulane
82-35
#2 South Florida
77–51

2017
#1

#9 Tulsa
105–57
#4 UCF
78-56
#3 South Florida
100–44

text: NCAA tournament[edit]

text: The Huskies have appeared in the NCAA Tournament 28 times, every year since their first appearance in 1989. Their combined record is 109–17; they have been to seventeen Final Fours and are eleven time National Champions (1995, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016).[64]

text:
Year
Seed
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Final Four
Championship

1989
#8
#9 La Salle
63–72

1990
#4

#5 Clemson
59–61

1991
#3

#11 Toledo
81–80
#2 NC State
82–71
#4 Clemson
60–57
#1 Virginia
55–61

1992
#6
#11 St. Peter’s
83–66
#3 Vanderbilt
47–75

1993
#6
#11 Louisville
71–74

1994
#1
#16 Brown
79–60
#9 Auburn
81–59
#4 Southern Miss
78–64
#3 North Carolina
69–81

1995
#1
#16 Maine
105–75
#8 Virginia Tech
91–45
#4 Alabama
87–56
#3 Virginia
67–63
#2 Stanford
87–60
#1 Tennessee
70–64

1996
#1
#16 Howard
94–63
#9 Michigan State
88–68
#12 San Francisco
72–44
#3 Vanderbilt
67–57
#1 Tennessee
83–88 (OT)

1997
#1
#16 Lehigh
103–35
#9 Iowa
72–53
#4 Illinois
78–73
#3 Tennessee
81–91

1998
#2
#15 Fairfield
93–52
#10 George Washington
75–67
#3 Arizona
74–57
#4 N.C. State
52–60

1999
#1
#16 St. Francis (PA)
97–46
#8 Xavier
86–84
#4 Iowa State
58–64

2000
#1
#16 Hampton
116–45
#9 Clemson
83–45
#5 Oklahoma
102–80
#3 LSU
86–71
#2 Penn State
89–67
#1 Tennessee
71–52

2001
#1
#16 Long Island
101–29
#9 Colorado State
89–44
#4 NC State
72–58
#3 Louisiana Tech
67–48
#1 Notre Dame
75–90

2002
#1
#16 St. Francis (PA)
86–37
#9 Iowa
86–48
#4 Penn State
82–64
#7 Old Dominion
85–64
#2 Tennessee
79–56
#1 Oklahoma
82–70

2003
#1
#16 Boston University
91–44
#9 TCU
81–66
#5 Boston College
70–49
#2 Purdue
73–64
#2 Texas
71–69
#1 Tennessee
73–68

2004
#2
#15 Pennsylvania
91–55
#7 Auburn
79–53
#11 UC Santa Barbara
63–55
#1 Penn State
66–49
#7 Minnesota
67–58
#1 Tennessee
70–61

2005
#3
#14 Dartmouth
95–47
#6 Florida State
70–52
#2 Stanford
59–76

2006
#2
#15 Coppin State
77–54
#7 Virginia Tech
79–56
#3 Georgia
77–75
#1 Duke
61–63 (OT)

2007
#1
#16 UMBC
82–33
#9 Wisconsin–Green Bay
94–70
#4 NC State
78–71
#3 LSU
50–73

2008
#1
#16 Cornell
89–47
#8 Texas
89–55
#5 Old Dominion
78–63
#2 Rutgers
66–56
#2 Stanford
73–82

2009
#1
#16 Vermont
104–65
#8 Florida
87–59
#4 California
77–53
#6 Arizona State
83–64
#2 Stanford
83–64
#3 Louisville
76–54

2010
#1
#16 Southern (LA)
95–39
#8 Temple
90–36
#4 Iowa State
74–36
#3 Florida State
90–50
#4 Baylor
70–50
#1 Stanford
53–47

2011
#1
#16 Hartford
75–39
#9 Purdue
64–40
#5 Georgetown
68–63
#2 Duke
75–40
#2 Notre Dame
63–72

2012
#1
#16 Prairie View A&M
83–47
#8 Kansas State
72–26
#4 Penn State
77–59
#2 Kentucky
80–65
#1 Notre Dame
75–83 (OT)

2013
#1
#16 Idaho
105–37
#8 Vanderbilt
77–44
#4 Maryland
76–50
#2 Kentucky
83–53
#1 Notre Dame
83–65
#5 Louisville
90–60

2014
#1
#16 Prairie View A&M
87–44
#9 Saint Joseph's
91–52
#12 BYU
70–51
#3 Texas A&M
69–54
#2 Stanford
75–56
#1 Notre Dame
79–58

2015
#1
#16 St. Francis Brooklyn
89–33
#8 Rutgers
91–55
#5 Texas
105–54
#7 Dayton
91–70
#1 Maryland
81–58
#1 Notre Dame
63–53

2016
#1
#16 Robert Morris
101–49
#9 Duquesne
91–57
#5 Mississippi State
98–38
#2 Texas
86–65
#2 Oregon State
80–51
#4 Syracuse
82–51

2017
#1
#16 Albany
116–55
#8 Syracuse
94–64
#4 UCLA
86–71
#10 Oregon
90-52
#2 Mississippi State
64-66 (OT)

text: Head coaches[edit]

text: Sandra Hamm (1974–1975)[edit]

text: Sandra Hamm, a Terryville native, was employed part-time as the interim women's coach in the 1974-1975 season, when the team was 2-8. When she wasn't coaching, she taught physical education at a junior high school in Manchester.[65]

text: Wanda Flora (1975–1980)[edit]

text: After graduating from college in California, Wanda Flora went to graduate school at the University of Indiana, where she was an assistant coach for the women's basketball team and coached the junior varsity team. After a brief stint at a small college in Pennsylvania, she applied for the job at UConn, starting in 1975 and leading the team to a 38–66 record in five seasons. During her tenure, shooting guard Karen Mullins was the first UConn woman to receive a basketball scholarship; that number had increased to 12 by 1980.

text: Jean Balthaser (1980–1985)[edit]

text: In 1980 the university hired Jean Balthaser, who had coached at the University of Pittsburgh. Ms. Balthaser continued to expand the program, leading UConn to its first winning season in her first year as coach, and finishing with a 52-88 record over five seasons.

text: Geno Auriemma (1985–present)[edit]

text: In his 32 years as Head Coach of the University of Connecticut women’s basketball team, the italian-born Luigi "Geno" Auriemma has inextricably linked his name with that of the team, transforming a program with only one winning season into the winningest team ever in women's college basketball, and making a strong case as one of the best coaches ever.[66][67][68] In his astonishing career Auriemma won more than 25 different national Coach of the Year awards and was inducted into both the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame and the Women's Basketball Hall of Fame; since 2009 he is the coach of the United States women's national basketball team, leading his teams to win the 2010 and 2014 World Championships, as well as gold medals at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics.

text: Notable players[edit]

text: Individual achievements[edit]

text: UConn has featured a great number of star players, All-Americans, Hall of Famers and recipients of individual trophies. The following table shows the UConn players recipients of the major individual awards in women's college basketball.

text:
Player
Honda Sports Award
(since 1977)
Wade Trophy
(since 1978)
Naismith College Player of the Year
(since 1983)
USBWA Women's National Player of the Year
(since 1988)
AP College Player of the Year
(since 1995)
John R. Wooden Award
(since 2004)

Rebecca Lobo
1995
1995
1995
1995
1995

Jennifer Rizzotti
1996
1996

1996

Kara Wolters

1997

Shea Ralph
2000

Sue Bird
2002
2002
2002
2002
2002

Diana Taurasi
2003
2004
2003
2003
2004
2003
2003

Renee Montgomery
2009

Tina Charles

2010
2010
2010
2010

Maya Moore
2010
2011
2009
2010
2011
2009
2011
2009
2011
2009
2011
2009
2011

Breanna Stewart
2014
2015
2016
2015
2016
2014
2015
2016
2014
2015
2016
2014
2015
2016
2015
2016

text: After the end of the NCAA tournament, the Associated Press selects a Most Outstanding Player. Seven UConn players received this award since its induction in 1982: Rebecca Lobo (1995), Shea Ralph (2000), Swin Cash (2002), Diana Taurasi (2003 and 2004), Tina Charles (2009), Maya Moore (2010) and Breanna Stewart for a record 4 times (2013, 2014, 2015, 2016).

text: School records[edit]

text: Statistics correct through April 9, 2017.[69]

text: Active players in bold.

text:
Most points (1000-point club)

Maya Moore (3,036)
Breanna Stewart (2,676)
Tina Charles (2,346)
Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis (2,178)
Nykesha Sales (2,178)
Kerry Bascom (2,177)
Diana Taurasi (2,156)
Kara Wolters (2,141)
Rebecca Lobo (2,133)
Bria Hartley (1,994)
Renee Montgomery (1,990)
Svetlana Abrosimova (1,865)
Tiffany Hayes (1,801)
Stefanie Dolson (1,709)
Ann Strother (1,699)
Shea Ralph (1,678)
Barbara Turner (1,629)
Swin Cash (1,583)
Wendy Davis (1,552)
Jennifer Rizzotti (1,540)
Cathy Bochain (1,534)
Moriah Jefferson (1,532)
Asjha Jones (1,502)
Kalana Greene (1,444)
Peggy Walsh (1,413)
Chris Gedney (1,409)
Tamika Williams (1,402)
Leigh Curl (1,388)
Jamelle Elliott (1,387)
Carla Berube (1,381)
Sue Bird (1,378)
Charde Houston (1,365)
Laura Lishness (1,303)
Morgan Tuck (1,298)
Kris Lamb (1,244)
Jessica Moore (1,223)
Gabby Williams (1,180)
Kia Nurse (1,173)
Katie Lou Samuelson (1,155)
Kelly Faris (1,109)
Megan Pattyson (1,106)
Mel Thomas (1,098)
Ashley Battle (1,054)
Napheesa Collier (1,012)
Amy Duran (1,000)

Most rebounds (top-15)

Tina Charles (1,367)
Maya Moore (1,276)
Rebecca Lobo (1,268)
Breanna Stewart (1,179)
Stefanie Dolson (1,101)
Jamelle Elliott (1,054)
Peggy Walsh (937)
Kara Wolters (927)
Kerry Bascom (915)
Swin Cash (910)
Jessica Moore (834)
Leigh Curl (834)
Kelly Faris (831)
Svetlana Abrosimova (814)
Barbara Turner (797)

Most assists (top-15)

Moriah Jefferson (659)
Diana Taurasi (648)
Jennifer Rizzotti (637)
Renee Montgomery (632)
Sue Bird (585)
Bria Hartley (559)
Pam Webber (546)
Maya Moore (544)
Jill Brumbaugh (541)
Laura Lishness (531)
Kelly Faris (525)
Tiffany Hayes (483)
Ketia Swanier (479)
Svetlana Abrosimova (473)
Shea Ralph (456)

Most steals (top-15)

Nykesha Sales (447)
Moriah Jefferson (353)
Jennifer Rizzotti (349)
Maya Moore (310)
Svetlana Abrosimova (299)
Kelly Faris (294)
Debbie Baer (275)
Renee Montgomery (266)
Shea Ralph (252)
Rita Williams (248)
Ketia Swanier (247)
Sue Bird (243)
Cathy Bochain (240)
Bria Hartley (235)
Breanna Stewart (232)

Most blocks (top-15)

Breanna Stewart (414)
Rebecca Lobo (396)
Kara Wolters (370)
Kiah Stokes (325)
Tina Charles (304)
Stefanie Dolson (254)
Maya Moore (204)
Kelly Schumacher (181)
Peggy Walsh (162)
Asjha Jones (151)
Diana Taurasi (147)
Charde Houston (132)
Swin Cash (130)
Jessica Moore (125)
Napheesa Collier (124)

text: Huskies of Honor[edit]

text: The Huskies of Honor is a program recognizing the most significant figures in UConn history.

text: The women's basketball players list includes guards Nykesha Sales, Jennifer Rizzotti, Shea Ralph, Sue Bird, Diana Taurasi, Renee Montgomery, Bria Hartley and Moriah Jefferson; forwards Svetlana Abrosimova, Swin Cash, Maya Moore, Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis, Breanna Stewart and Morgan Tuck; centers Kerry Bascom, Rebecca Lobo, Kara Wolters, Tina Charles and Stefanie Dolson.

text: WNBA success[edit]

text: Twenty UConn players have been selected in the first round of WNBA drafts. Five of them have been first overall picks: Sue Bird (2002), Diana Taurasi (2004), Tina Charles (2010), Maya Moore (2011), and Breanna Stewart (2016). Rebecca Lobo was part of the 1997 inaugural draft, with the top players allocated to founding teams whitout any particular order; similarly Nykesha Sales was part of the 1998 WNBA expansion players allocation.

text: In the 2002 WNBA Draft, the four UConn players tabbed "TASS Force" (Tamika Williams, Asjha Jones, Sue Bird and Swin Cash) were all first round selections, each of them having immediate impacts with their 2002 WNBA Teams.[70]

text: In the 2016 WNBA Draft UConn performed even better, with the three seniors Breanna Stewart, Moriah Jefferson and Morgan Tuck sweeping the first three picks for the first time in the history of any major sport.[71]

text: Current roster[edit]

text:
2017–18 Connecticut Huskies women's basketball team

Players
Coaches

Pos.
#
Name
Height
Year
Previous school
Hometown

1.5 !G
2
Espinoza-Hunter, AndraAndra Espinoza-Hunter
71 !5 ft 11 in (1.8 m)
1.0 !Fr
Ossining
Ossining, NY

2.5 !G/F
3
Walker, MeganMegan Walker
73 !6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)
1.0 !Fr
Monacan
Chesterfield, VA

1.5 !G
4
Coombs, MikaylaMikayla Coombs
68 !5 ft 8 in (1.73 m)
1.0 !Fr
Wesleyan
Buford, GA

1.5 !G
5
Dangerfield, CrystalCrystal Dangerfield
65 !5 ft 5 in (1.65 m)
2.0 !So
Blackman
Murfreesboro, TN

1.5 !G
10
Bent, MollyMolly Bent
69 !5 ft 9 in (1.75 m)
2.0 !So
Tabor Academy
Centerville, MA

1.5 !G
11
Nurse, KiaKia Nurse
72 !6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)
4.0 !Sr
St. Thomas More
Hamilton, ON

3.5 !F
15
Williams, GabbyGabby Williams
71 !5 ft 11 in (1.8 m)
4.0 !Sr
Reed
Sparks, NV

2.5 !G/F
23
Stevens, AzuraAzura Stevens
78 !6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)
3.5 !RS Jr
Duke
Raleigh, NC

3.5 !F
24
Collier, NapheesaNapheesa Collier
73 !6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)
3.0 !Jr
Incarnate Word Academy
O'Fallon, MO

3.5 !F
25
Irwin, KylaKyla Irwin
74 !6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
2.0 !So
State College
State College, PA

3.5 !F
32
Camara, BatoulyBatouly Camara
74 !6 ft 2 in (1.88 m)
2.5 !RS So
Kentucky
New York, NY

2.5 !G/F
33
Lou Samuelson, KatieKatie Lou Samuelson
75 !6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)
3.0 !Jr
Mater Dei
Huntington Beach, CA

2.5 !G/F
34
Gordon, AlexisAlexis Gordon
72 !6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)
1.0 !Fr
L. D. Bell
Fort Worth, TX

Head coach

Geno Auriemma (West Chester)

Assistant coach(es)

Chris Dailey (Rutgers)
Shea Ralph (Connecticut)
Marisa Moseley (Boston University)

Legend

(C) Team captain
(S) Suspended
(I) Ineligible
(W) Walk-on

 Injured
 Current redshirt

Roster
Last update: 8/12/17

text: Trophies and awards[edit]

text:
11 NCAA/AIAW Tournament Championships (1995, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2009, 2010, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016)
22 Conference Tournament Championships: 18 Big East Conference (1989, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012) and 4 American Athletic Conference (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)
23 Conference Regular Season Championships: 19 Big East Conference (1989, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011) and 4 American Athletic Conference (2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)

text: Team of the Decade 2000–2009

text: In 2010 Sports Illustrated selected the top 25 sports franchises of the decade 2000–2009. The sports under consideration were the four major professional sports (NFL, MLB, NBA and NHL) along with the three most prominent college sports: football, men's basketball and women's basketball. The Connecticut Huskies were the #3 selection on the list, behind only the professional basketball Lakers and the professional football Patriots, making the Connecticut women's basketball team the highest ranked of the collegiate teams for the three sports under consideration.[72] During this period, UConn won five national titles, while making the Final Four seven of the ten years. Two of the seasons (2001–02 and 2008–09) resulted in perfect 39–0 records.

text: Records and achievements[edit]

text: Overall[edit]

text:
Most NCAA Championships, any Division, men's or women's (11)
Most NCAA Division I Final Fours, women's (18)
Most NCAA Division I tournament #1 seeds, men's or women's (22)
Most NCAA Division I undefeated seasons, men's or women's (6)
Most NCAA Division I 30-win seasons, men's or women's (22)

text: Streaks[edit]

text: Active streaks in bold

text:
Most consecutive NCAA Championships, any Division, women's (4, 2013–2016)
Most consecutive NCAA Division I Final Fours, men's or women's (10, 2008–2017)
Most consecutive NCAA Division I Elite Eights, men's or women's (12, 2006–2017)
Most consecutive NCAA Division I tournament wins, women's (28, 2013–2017)
Most consecutive NCAA wins, any Division, men's or women's (111, 2014–2017)[73]
Most consecutive NCAA Division I home court wins, women's (99, 2007–2012)[74]
Most consecutive NCAA Division I road wins, men's or women's (38, 2014–2017)
Most consecutive NCAA Division I 30-win seasons, women's (12, 2006–2017)


document_title: North American Free Trade Agreement

question_text: who was the us president when nafta was developed

question_tokens: who was the us president when nafta was developed

root

text: North American Free Trade Agreement

text: Negotiation and U.S. ratification

text: Following diplomatic negotiations dating back to 1990 among the three nations, U.S. President George H. W. Bush, Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and Mexican President Carlos Salinas signed the agreement in their respective capitals on December 17, 1992.[14] The signed agreement was then ratified by each nation's legislative or parliamentary branch.

tag: p

text: The earlier Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement had been controversial and divisive in Canada, and the 1988 Canadian election involved discussion on the issue. In that election, more Canadians voted for anti-free trade parties (the Liberals and the New Democrats) but the split caused more seats in parliament to be won by the pro-free trade Progressive Conservatives (PCs). Mulroney and the PCs had a parliamentary majority and were easily able to pass the 1987 Canada-U.S. FTA and NAFTA bills. However, he was replaced as Conservative leader and prime minister by Kim Campbell. Campbell led the PC party into the 1993 election where they were decimated by the Liberal Party under Jean Chrétien, who had campaigned on a promise to renegotiate or abrogate NAFTA; however, Chrétien subsequently negotiated two supplemental agreements with the new U.S. president. In the U.S., Bush, who had worked to "fast track" the signing prior to the end of his term, ran out of time and had to pass the required ratification and signing of the implementation law to incoming president Bill Clinton. Prior to sending it to the United States Senate Clinton added two side agreements, The North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC) and the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), to protect workers and the environment, plus allay the concerns of many House members. It also required U.S. partners to adhere to environmental practices and regulations similar to its own.[citation needed]

text: After much consideration and emotional discussion, the House of Representatives passed the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act on November 17, 1993, 234–200. The agreement's supporters included 132 Republicans and 102 Democrats. The bill passed the Senate on November 20, 1993, 61–38.[15] Senate supporters were 34 Republicans and 27 Democrats. Clinton signed it into law on December 8, 1993; the agreement went into effect on January 1, 1994.[16][17] Clinton, while signing the NAFTA bill, stated that "NAFTA means jobs. American jobs, and good-paying American jobs. If I didn't believe that, I wouldn't support this agreement."[18]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2009)

tag: table

text:
Remarks on the Signing of the NAFTA Implementation Act (December 8, 1993)

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Bill Clinton's remarks on the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, December 8, 1993.

Remarks on the Signing of the NAFTA Implementation Act (December 8, 1993)

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text: Provisions

text: The goal of NAFTA was to eliminate barriers to trade and investment between the U.S., Canada and Mexico. The implementation of NAFTA on January 1, 1994 brought the immediate elimination of tariffs on more than one-half of Mexico's exports to the U.S. and more than one-third of U.S. exports to Mexico. Within 10 years of the implementation of the agreement, all U.S.-Mexico tariffs would be eliminated except for some U.S. agricultural exports to Mexico that were to be phased out within 15 years.[19] Most U.S.-Canada trade was already duty-free. NAFTA also sought to eliminate non-tariff trade barriers and to protect the intellectual property rights on traded products.

text: Chapter 52 provides a procedure for the international resolution of disputes over the application and interpretation of NAFTA. It was modelled after Chapter 69 of the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement.[20] The roster of NAFTA adjudicators includes many retired judges, such as Alice Desjardins, John Maxwell Evans, Constance Hunt, John Richard, Arlin M. Adams, Susan Getzendanner, George C. Pratt, Charles B. Renfrew and Sandra Day O'Connor.

text: Intellectual property

text: The North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act made some changes to the copyright law of the United States, foreshadowing the Uruguay Round Agreements Act of 1994 by restoring copyright (within the NAFTA nations) on certain motion pictures which had entered the public domain.[21][22]

text: Environment

text: Securing U.S. congressional approval for NAFTA would have been impossible without addressing public concerns about NAFTA’s environmental impact.[23] The Clinton administration negotiated a side agreement on the environment with Canada and Mexico, the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), which led to the creation of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in 1994. To alleviate concerns that NAFTA, the first regional trade agreement between a developing country and two developed countries, would have negative environmental impacts, the CEC was given a mandate to conduct ongoing ex post environmental assessment of NAFTA.[24]

text: In response to this mandate, the CEC created a framework for conducting environmental analysis of NAFTA, one of the first ex post frameworks for the environmental assessment of trade liberalization. The framework was designed to produce a focused and systematic body of evidence with respect to the initial hypotheses about NAFTA and the environment, such as the concern that NAFTA would create a "race to the bottom" in environmental regulation among the three countries, or the hope that NAFTA would pressure governments to increase their environmental protection mechanisms.[25] The CEC has held four symposia using this framework to evaluate the environmental impacts of NAFTA and has commissioned 47 papers on this subject. In keeping with the CEC’s overall strategy of transparency and public involvement, the CEC commissioned these papers from leading independent experts.[26]

text: Agriculture

text: From the earliest negotiation, agriculture was (and still remains) a controversial topic within NAFTA, as it has been with almost all free trade agreements that have been signed within the WTO framework. Agriculture is the only section that was not negotiated trilaterally; instead, three separate agreements were signed between each pair of parties. The Canada–U.S. agreement contains significant restrictions and tariff quotas on agricultural products (mainly sugar, dairy, and poultry products), whereas the Mexico–U.S. pact allows for a wider liberalization within a framework of phase-out periods (it was the first North–South FTA on agriculture to be signed).

text: Transportation infrastructure

text: NAFTA established the CANAMEX Corridor for road transport between Canada and Mexico, also proposed for use by rail, pipeline, and fiber optic telecommunications infrastructure. This became a High Priority Corridor under the U.S. Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991.

text: Impact

text: Canada

text: Like Mexico and the U.S., Canada received a modest positive economic benefit as measured by GDP. Many feared declines failed to materialize, and some industries, like the furniture industry, which were expected to suffer, grew instead.[citation needed] Canadian manufacturing employment held steady despite an international downward trend in developed countries.[citation needed] One of NAFTA's biggest economic effects on U.S.-Canada trade has been to boost bilateral agricultural flows.[27] In the year 2008 alone, Canada exports to the United States and Mexico were at $381.3 billion, and imports from NAFTA were at $245.1 billion.[28]

text: A 2007 study found that NAFTA has "almost zero welfare impact on member and nonmember countries".[29] A 2015 study found that Canada's welfare decreased by 0.06% as a result of the NAFTA tariff reductions, and that Canada's intra-bloc trade increased by 11%.[30]

text: Mexico

text: Maquiladoras (Mexican assembly plants that take in imported components and produce goods for export) have become the landmark of trade in Mexico. These are plants that moved to this region from the United States, hence the debate over the loss of American jobs. Income in the maquiladora sector has increased 15.5% since the implementation of NAFTA in 1994.[31] Other sectors now benefit from the free trade agreement, and the share of exports from non-border states has increased in the last five years while the share of exports from maquiladora-border states has decreased. This has allowed for the rapid growth of non-border metropolitan areas, such as Toluca, León and Puebla; all three larger in population than Tijuana, Ciudad Juárez, and Reynosa.

text: The overall effect of the Mexico–U.S. agricultural agreement is a matter of dispute. Mexico did not invest in the infrastructure necessary for competition, such as efficient rail roads and highways, which resulted in more difficult living conditions for the country's poor. Mexico's agricultural exports increased 9.4 percent annually between 1994 and 2001, while imports increased by only 6.9 percent a year during the same period.[32]

text: One of the most affected agricultural sectors is the meat industry. Mexico has gone from a small player in the pre-1994 U.S. export market to the second largest importer of U.S. agricultural products in 2004, and NAFTA may be credited as a major catalyst for this change. The allowance of free trade removed the hurdles that impeded business between the two countries. As a result, Mexico has provided a growing market for meat for the U.S., leading to an increase in sales and profits for the U.S. meat industry. This coincides with a noticeable increase in Mexican per capita GDP that has created large changes in meat consumption patterns, implying that Mexicans can now afford to buy more meat and thus per capita meat consumption has grown.[33]

text: Production of corn in Mexico has increased since NAFTA's implementation. However, internal corn demand has increased beyond Mexico's sufficiency, and imports have become necessary, far beyond the quotas Mexico had originally negotiated.[34] Zahniser & Coyle have also pointed out that corn prices in Mexico, adjusted for international prices, have drastically decreased, yet through a program of subsidies expanded by former president Vicente Fox, production has remained stable since 2000.[35] Reduction in agricultural subsidies in the developed world, especially corn subsidies, has been suggested as a way to reduce harms to Mexican farmers.[36]

text: A 2001 Journal of Economic Perspectives review of the existing literature found that NAFTA was a net benefit to Mexico.[8] By the year 2003, 80% of the commerce in Mexico was executed only with the U.S. The commercial sales surplus under NAFTA with the U.S., combined with the deficit on the rest of the world, created a dependency in Mexico's exports. These effects were evident in 2001–2003; the result of that recession was either a low rate or a negative rate in Mexico's exports.[37]

text: A 2015 study found that Mexico's welfare increased by 1.31% as a result of the NAFTA tariff reductions, and that Mexico's intra-bloc trade increased by 118%.[30] Inequality and poverty fell in the most globalization-affected regions of Mexico over the introduction of NAFTA.[38] 2013 and 2015 studies show that Mexican small farmers benefitted more on NAFTA than large-scale farmers.[39][40]

text: NAFTA has also been credited with the rise of the Mexican middle class. A Tufts University study found that NAFTA lowered the average cost of basic necessities in Mexico by up to 50%.[41] This price reduction has increased cash-on-hand for many Mexican families, allowing Mexico to graduate more engineers than Germany each year.[42]

text: The growth from new orders of products indicates that there was an increase in the demand from manufacture products. This increased demand resulted in an expansion of the production and a higher employment rate to satisfy the increment in the demand. The growth in the maquiladora industry and in the manufactory industry has been of 4.7% by August, 2016.[43] Three quarters of the outer market of importation and exportations comes from the U.S.

text: Tufts University political scientist Daniel W. Drezner has argued that NAFTA made it easier for Mexico to transform to a real democracy and become a country that views itself as North American. This has boosted cooperation between the United States and Mexico.[44]

text: United States

text: Economists consider NAFTA to have been beneficial for the United States.[45][46] In a 2012 survey of leading economists, 95% supported the notion that on average, U.S. citizens benefited on NAFTA.[7] A 2001 Journal of Economic Perspectives review found that NAFTA was a net benefit to the United States.[8] A 2015 study found that US welfare increased by 0.08% as a result of the NAFTA tariff reductions, and that US intra-bloc trade increased by 41%.[30]

text: In 2015, the Congressional Research Service concluded that the "net overall effect of NAFTA on the U.S. economy appears to have been relatively modest, primarily because trade with Canada and Mexico accounts for a small percentage of U.S. GDP. However, there were worker and firm adjustment costs as the three countries adjusted to more open trade and investment among their economies." The report also estimated NAFTA added $80 billion to the US economy in the years since NAFTA's implementation, equivalent to a 0.5% increase in US GDP.[47]

text: The U.S. Chamber of Commerce credits NAFTA with increasing U.S. trade in goods and services with Canada and Mexico from $337 billion in 1993 to $1.2 trillion in 2011, while the AFL-CIO blames the agreement for sending 700,000 American manufacturing jobs to Mexico over that time.[48]

text: University of California, San Diego, economics professor Gordon Hanson has said that NAFTA helped the U.S. compete against China and therefore saved U.S. jobs.[49][50] While some jobs were lost to Mexico as a result of NAFTA, considerably more would have been lost to China if not for NAFTA.[49][50]

text: Trade balances

text: The U.S. had a trade surplus with NAFTA countries of $28.3 billion for services in 2009 and a trade deficit of $94.6 billion (36.4% annual increase) for goods in 2010. This trade deficit accounted for 26.8 percent of all U.S. goods trade deficit.[51]

text: In a study published in the August 2008 issue of the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, NAFTA has increased U.S. agricultural exports to Mexico and Canada even though most of this increase occurred a decade after its ratification. The study focused on the effects that gradual "phase-in" periods in regional trade agreements, including NAFTA, have on trade flows. Most of the increase in members’ agricultural trade, which was only recently brought under the purview of the World Trade Organization, was due to very high trade barriers before NAFTA or other regional trade agreements.[52]

text: Investment

text: The U.S. foreign direct investment (FDI) in NAFTA countries (stock) was $327.5 billion in 2009 (latest data available), up 8.8% from 2008.[51] The U.S. direct investment in NAFTA countries is in nonbank holding companies, and in the manufacturing, finance/insurance, and mining sectors.[51] The foreign direct investment of Canada and Mexico in the United States (stock) was $237.2 billion in 2009 (the latest data available), up 16.5% from 2008.[51][53]

text: Jobs

text: For impacts specific to the United States, see NAFTA's effect on United States employment.

text: Many American small businesses depend on exporting their products to Canada or Mexico under NAFTA. According to the U.S. Trade Representative, this trade supports over 140,000 small- and medium-sized businesses in the US.[54]

text: According to the Economic Policy Institute, California, Texas, Michigan and other states with high concentrations of manufacturing jobs were most affected by job loss due to NAFTA.[55] EPI economist Robert Scott estimates some 682,900 U.S. jobs have been "lost or displaced" as a result of the trade agreement.[56] However, other studies have found that NAFTA only had a modest impact on manufacturing employment, and that automation explains away 87% of the losses in manufacturing jobs.[57]

text: According to University of California, Berkeley professor of economics Brad DeLong, NAFTA had an insignificant impact on US manufacturing.[58] The adverse impact on manufacturing has been way exaggerated in US political discourse according to DeLong,[58] which is something that Harvard economist Dani Rodrik agrees with.[59]

text: Environment

text: According to a study in the Journal of International Economics, NAFTA reduced pollution emitted by the US manufacturing sector: "On average, nearly two-thirds of the reductions in PM10 and SO2 emissions from the U.S. manufacturing sector between 1994 and 1998 can be attributed to trade liberalization following NAFTA."[60]

text: According to the Sierra Club, NAFTA contributed to large-scale, export-oriented farming, which led to the increased use of fossil fuels, pesticides and GMO.[61] NAFTA also contributed to environmentally destructive mining practices in Mexico.[61] It prevented Canada from effectively regulating its tar sands industry, and created new legal avenues for transnational corporations to fight environmental legislation.[61] In some cases, environmental policy was neglected in the wake of trade liberalization; in other cases, NAFTA's measures for investment protection, such as Chapter 11, and measures against non-tariff trade barriers threatened to discourage more vigorous environmental policy.[62] The most serious overall increases in pollution due to NAFTA were found in the base metals sector, the Mexican petroleum sector, and the transportation equipment sector in the United States and Mexico, but not in Canada.[63]

text: Mobility of persons

text: According to the Department of Homeland Security Yearbook of Immigration Statistics, during fiscal year 2006 (i.e., October 2005 through September 2006), 73,880 foreign professionals (64,633 Canadians and 9,247 Mexicans) were admitted into the United States for temporary employment under NAFTA (i.e., in the TN status). Additionally, 17,321 of their family members (13,136 Canadians, 2,904 Mexicans, as well as a number of third-country nationals married to Canadians and Mexicans) entered the U.S. in the treaty national's dependent (TD) status.[64] Because DHS counts the number of the new I-94 arrival records filled at the border, and the TN-1 admission is valid for three years, the number of non-immigrants in TN status present in the U.S. at the end of the fiscal year is approximately equal to the number of admissions during the year. (A discrepancy may be caused by some TN entrants leaving the country or changing status before their three-year admission period has expired, while other immigrants admitted earlier may change their status to TN or TD, or extend TN status granted earlier). According to the International Organization for Migration, deaths of migrants have been on the rise worldwide with 5,604 deaths in 2016.[65] An increased number of undocumented farmworkers in California may be due to the initial passing of NAFTA[66]

text: Canadian authorities estimated that, as of December 1, 2006, a total of 24,830 U.S. citizens and 15,219 Mexican citizens were present in Canada as "foreign workers". These numbers include both entrants under the NAFTA agreement and those who have entered under other provisions of the Canadian immigration law.[67] New entries of foreign workers in 2006 were 16,841 (U.S. citizens) and 13,933 (Mexicans).[68] Nevertheless, the institutional frameworks of the cross-border migrations are weak, so as the institutional roles and responsibilities at both in the national and international levels.[69]

text: Disputes and controversies

text: 1992 U.S. presidential candidate Ross Perot

text: In the second 1992 Presidential Debate, Ross Perot argued:

text:
We have got to stop sending jobs overseas. It's pretty simple: If you're paying $12, $13, $14 an hour for factory workers and you can move your factory south of the border, pay a dollar an hour for labor,...have no health care—that's the most expensive single element in making a car— have no environmental controls, no pollution controls and no retirement, and you don't care about anything but making money, there will be a giant sucking sound going south.
    ...when [Mexico's] jobs come up from a dollar an hour to six dollars an hour, and ours go down to six dollars an hour, and then it's leveled again. But in the meantime, you've wrecked the country with these kinds of deals.[70]

text: Perot ultimately lost the election, and the winner, Bill Clinton, supported NAFTA, which went into effect on January 1, 1994.

text: Legal disputes

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2009)

text: In 1996, the gasoline additive MMT was brought into Canada by Ethyl Corporation, an American company. At the time, the Canadian federal government banned the importation of the additive. The American company brought a claim under NAFTA Chapter 11 seeking US$201 million,[71] from the Canadian government and the Canadian provinces under the Agreement on Internal Trade ("AIT"). The American company argued that their additive had not been conclusively linked to any health dangers, and that the prohibition was damaging to their company. Following a finding that the ban was a violation of the AIT,[72] the Canadian federal government repealed the ban and settled with the American company for US$13 million.[73] Studies by Health and Welfare Canada (now Health Canada) on the health effects of MMT in fuel found no significant health effects associated with exposure to these exhaust emissions. Other Canadian researchers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency disagree with Health Canada, and cite studies that include possible nerve damage.[74]

text: The United States and Canada have been arguing for years over the United States' decision to impose a 27% duty on Canadian softwood lumber imports. Canada had filed numerous motions to have the duty eliminated and the collected duties returned to Canada.[75] After the United States lost an appeal from a NAFTA panel, it responded by saying "We are, of course, disappointed with the [NAFTA panel's] decision, but it will have no impact on the anti-dumping and countervailing duty orders." (Nick Lifton, spokesman for U.S. Trade Representative Rob Portman)[76] On July 21, 2006, the United States Court of International Trade found that imposition of the duties was contrary to U.S. law.[77][78]

text: Change in income trust taxation not expropriation

text: On October 30, 2007, American citizens Marvin and Elaine Gottlieb filed a Notice of Intent to Submit a Claim to Arbitration under NAFTA, claiming thousands of U.S. investors lost a total of $5 billion in the fall-out from the Conservative Government's decision the previous year to change the tax rate on income trusts in the energy sector. On April 29, 2009, a determination was made that this change in tax law was not expropriation.[79]

text: Impact on Mexican farmers

text: Several studies have rejected NAFTA as the force responsible for depressing the incomes of poor corn farmers, citing the trend's existence more than a decade before NAFTA's existence, an increase in maize production after NAFTA went into effect in 1994, and the lack of a measurable impact on the price of Mexican corn due to subsidized corn coming into Mexico from the United States, though they agree that the abolition of U.S. agricultural subsidies would benefit Mexican farmers.[80]

text: Zapatista Uprising in response to NAFTA in Chiapas, Mexico

text: The preparations for NAFTA included cancellation of Article 27 of Mexico's constitution, the cornerstone of Emiliano Zapata's revolution of 1910–1919. Under the historic Article 27, Indian communal landholdings were protected from sale or privatization. However, this barrier to investment was incompatible with NAFTA. With the removal of Article 27, Indian farmers feared the loss of their remaining lands, and also feared cheap imports (substitutes) from the US. Thus, the Zapatistas labelled NAFTA as a "death sentence" to Indian communities all over Mexico. Then EZLN declared war on the Mexican state on January 1, 1994, the day NAFTA came into force.[81]

text: Chapter 11

text: Another contentious issue is the impact of the investor state dispute settlement obligations contained in Chapter 11 of the NAFTA.[82] Chapter 11 allows corporations or individuals to sue Mexico, Canada or the United States for compensation when actions taken by those governments (or by those for whom they are responsible at international law, such as provincial, state, or municipal governments) violate the international law.[83]

text: This chapter has been criticized by groups in the U.S.,[84] Mexico,[85] and Canada[86] for a variety of reasons, including not taking into account important social and environmental[87] considerations. In Canada, several groups, including the Council of Canadians, challenged the constitutionality of Chapter 11. They lost at the trial level[88] and have subsequently appealed.

text: Methanex Corporation, a Canadian corporation, filed a US$970 million suit against the United States, claiming that a California ban on Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a substance that had found its way into many wells in the state, was hurtful to the corporation's sales of methanol. However, the claim was rejected, and the company was ordered to pay US$3 million to the U.S. government in costs. The tribunal based its decision namely on following reasoning: But as a matter of general international law, a non-discriminatory regulation for a public purpose, which is enacted in accordance with due process and, which affects, inter alios, a foreign investor or investment is not deemed expropriatory and compensable unless specific commitments had been given by the regulating government to the then putative foreign investor contemplating investment that the government would refrain from such regulation.[89]

text: In another case, Metalclad, an American corporation, was awarded US$15.6 million from Mexico after a Mexican municipality refused a construction permit for the hazardous waste landfill it intended to construct in Guadalcázar, San Luis Potosí. The construction had already been approved by the federal government with various environmental requirements imposed (see paragraph 48 of the tribunal decision). The NAFTA panel found that the municipality did not have the authority to ban construction on the basis of the environmental concerns.[90]

text: Eli Lilly and Company v. Government of Canada[91] is a US$500mn claim for faulty drug patent legislation.[92] Apotex is suing the U.S. for US$520 million because of lost opportunity in a FDA generic drug decision.[92]

text: Lone Pine Resources Inc. v. Government of Canada[93] has filed a US$250 million claim against Canada, whom it accuses of "arbitrary, capricious and illegal" behaviour,[94] because Quebec aims to prevent fracking exploration under the St. Lawrence Seaway.[92] Milos Barutciski, the lawyer who represents Lone Pine, has decried attempts to portray his client as "another rapacious multinational challenging governments’ ability to regulate for health, safety and the environment". Lone Pine Resources is incorporated in Delaware but headquartered in Calgary,[94] and had an initial public offering of stock on the NYSE on May 25, 2011, which offered 15 million shares each for $13 and raised US$195 million.[95] Barutciski acknowledged "that NAFTA and other investor-protection treaties create an anomaly in that Canadian companies that have also seen their permits rescinded by the very same Quebec legislation, which expressly forbids the paying of compensation, do not have the right pursue a NAFTA claim," and that winning "compensation in Canadian courts for domestic companies in this case would be more difficult since the Constitution puts property rights in provincial hands."[94] A treaty with China would extend similar rights to Chinese investors, including SOEs.[94]

text: Chapter 19

text: Also contentious is NAFTA's Chapter 19, which subjects antidumping and countervailing duty (AD/CVD) determinations to binational panel review instead of, or in addition to, conventional judicial review.[96] For example, in the United States, review of agency decisions imposing antidumping and countervailing duties are normally heard before the U.S. Court of International Trade, an Article III court. NAFTA parties, however, have the option of appealing the decisions to binational panels composed of five citizens from the two relevant NAFTA countries.[96] The panelists are generally lawyers experienced in international trade law. Since the NAFTA does not include substantive provisions concerning AD/CVD, the panel is charged with determining whether final agency determinations involving AD/CVD conform with the country's domestic law. Chapter 19 can be considered as somewhat of an anomaly in international dispute settlement since it does not apply international law, but requires a panel composed of individuals from many countries to re-examine the application of one country's domestic law.

text: A Chapter 19 panel is expected to examine whether the agency's determination is supported by "substantial evidence." This standard assumes significant deference to the domestic agency. Some of the most controversial trade disputes in recent years, such as the U.S.-Canada softwood lumber dispute, have been litigated before Chapter 19 panels.

text: Decisions by Chapter 19 panels can be challenged before a NAFTA extraordinary challenge committee. However, an extraordinary challenge committee does not function as an ordinary appeal.[96] Under NAFTA, it will only vacate or remand a decision if the decision involves a significant and material error that threatens the integrity of the NAFTA dispute settlement system. Since January 2006, no NAFTA party has successfully challenged a Chapter 19 panel's decision before an extraordinary challenge committee.

text: Criticism from 2016 U.S. presidential candidates

text: In a 60 Minutes interview in September 2015, the American businessman Donald Trump, having announced his candidacy for the 2016 presidential election just three months earlier, condemned the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), calling it "the single worst trade deal ever approved in [the United States]",[97] going on to say that if elected president, "We will either renegotiate it, or we will break it."[98][99] Juan Pablo Castañón, president of the Consejo Coordinador Empresarial, expressed his concerns about the renegotiation and the willingness to focus on the car industry that has brought a lot of success[100] A range of trade experts have said that pulling out of NAFTA as Trump proposed would have a range of unintended consequences for the U.S., including reduced access to the U.S.'s biggest export markets, a reduction in economic growth, and increased prices for gasoline, cars, fruits, and vegetables.[101] Members of the private initiative in Mexico said that in order to eliminate NAFTA there are a lot of laws that have to be adapted by the U.S. Congress and this will also eventually result in legal complaints by the World Trade Organization.[100] The Washington Post fact-checker furthermore noted that a Congressional Research Service review of the academic literature on NAFTA concluded that the "net overall effect of NAFTA on the U.S. economy appears to have been relatively modest, primarily because trade with Canada and Mexico accounts for a small percentage of U.S. GDP."[30]

text: Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders is also opposed to the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement, which he has called "a continuation of other disastrous trade agreements, like NAFTA, CAFTA, and permanent normal trade relations with China." He believes that free trade agreements have led to a loss of American jobs and have depressed American wages. Sanders has said that America needs to rebuild its own manufacturing base by using American factories and supporting well-paying jobs for American labor rather than outsourcing to China and other countries.[102][103][104][105]

text: Policy of the Trump administration

text: Renegotiation

text: Shortly after being elected, U.S. President Donald Trump announced his intention to begin renegotiating the terms of NAFTA, seeking to resolve issues with trade outlined during his campaign for the presidency. The leaders of Canada and Mexico have indicated their willingness to work with the Trump administration, and although vague on the exact terms that he will be seeking in a renegotiated NAFTA, Trump has threatened to withdraw from it if negotiations fail.[106]

text: In July 2017, the Trump administration provided a detailed list of changes that it would like to see to NAFTA.[107] The top priority for the administration is the reduction in the United States' trade deficit.[107][108] The administration also called for the elimination of provisions that allowed Canada and Mexico to appeal duties imposed by the United States and limited the ability of the United States to impose import restrictions on Canada and Mexico.[107] The list also voiced concerns about subsidized state-owned enterprises and currency manipulation.[107][109]

text: According to Chad Bown of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, the Trump administration's list "is very consistent with the president’s stance on liking trade barriers, liking protectionism.[107] This makes NAFTA in many respects less of a free-trade agreement." The concerns over subsidized state-owned enterprises and currency manipulation are not deemed applicable to Canada and Mexico.[107] Jeffrey Schott of the Peterson Institute for International Economics noted that it would not be possible to conclude renegotiations quickly while also addressing all the concerns on the list.[109] He also said that it would be difficult to do anything about trade deficits.[109]

text: Impact of withdrawing from NAFTA

text: Following Donald Trump's election to the presidency, a range of trade experts have said that pulling out of NAFTA as Trump proposed would have a range of unintended consequences for the U.S., including reduced access to the U.S.'s biggest export markets, a reduction in economic growth, and increased prices for gasoline, cars, fruits, and vegetables.[12] The worst affected sectors would be textiles, agriculture and automobiles.[110][13]

text: According to Tufts University political scientist Daniel W. Drezner, the Trump administration's desire to return relations with Mexico to the pre-NAFTA era are misguided. Drezner argues that NAFTA made it easier for Mexico to transform to a real democracy and become a country that views itself as North American. If Trump acts on many of the threats that he has made against Mexico, it is not inconceivable that Mexicans would turn to left-wing populist strongmen, as several South-American countries have. At the very least, US-Mexico relations would worsen, with adverse implications for cooperation on border security, counterterrorism, drug-war cooperation, deportations and managing Central American migration.[44]

text: According to Chad P. Bown (senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics), "a renegotiated NAFTA that would reestablish trade barriers is unlikely to help workers who lost their jobs — regardless of the cause — take advantage of new employment opportunities."[111]

text: According to Harvard economist Marc Melitz, "recent research estimates that the repeal of NAFTA would not increase car production in the United States."[11] Melitz notes that this would cost manufacturing jobs.[11]

text: Trans-Pacific Partnership

text: If the Trans-Pacific Partnership comes into effect, existing agreements like NAFTA will be reduced to those provisions that do not conflict with the TPP, or that require greater trade liberalization than the TPP.[112] However, only Canada and Mexico will have the prospect of becoming members of the TPP after U.S. President Donald Trump withdrew the United States from the agreement in January 2017. In May 2017, the 11 remaining members of the TPP, including Canada and Mexico, agreed to proceed with the trade deal without U.S. participation.[113]