document_title: Megaspore

question_text: where is the megaspore found in the pine

text: Megaspore

text: Megasporogenesis[edit]

text: In gymnosperms and flowering plants, the megaspore is produced inside the nucleus of the ovule.  During megasporogenesis, a diploid precursor cell, the megasporocyte or megaspore mother cell, undergoes meiosis to produce initially four haploid cells (the megaspores).[1]  Angiosperms exhibit three patterns of megasporogenesis: monosporic, bisporic, and tetrasporic, also known as the Polygonum type, the Alisma type, and the Drusa type, respectively.  The monosporic pattern occurs most frequently (>70% of angiosperms) and is found in many economically and biologically important groups such as Brassicaceae (e.g., Arabidopsis, Capsella, Brassica), Gramineae (e.g., maize, rice, wheat), Malvaceae (e.g., cotton), Leguminoseae (e.g., beans, soybean), and Solanaceae (e.g., pepper, tobacco, tomato, potato, petunia).[2]

text: This pattern is characterized by cell plate formation after meiosis 1 & 2, which results in four one-nucleate megaspores, of which three degenerate.  The bisporic pattern is characterized by cell plate formation only after meiosis 1, and results in two two-nucleate megaspores, of which one degenerates. The tetrasporic pattern is characterized by cell plates failing to form after either meiosis 1 or 2, and results in one four-nucleate megaspore.  Therefore, each pattern gives rise to a single functional megaspore which contains one, two, or four meiotic nuclei, respectively.[2] The megaspore then undergoes megagametogenesis to give rise to the female gametophyte.

text: Megagametogenesis[edit]

text:
After megasporogenesis, the megaspore develops into the female gametophyte (the embryo sac) in a process called megagametogenesis.  The process of megagametogenesis varies depending on which pattern of megasporogenesis occurred.  Some species, such as Tridax trilobata, Ehretia laevis, and Alectra thomsoni, can undergo different patterns of megasporogenesis and therefore different patterns of megagametogenesis.
If the monosporic pattern occurred, the single nucleus undergoes mitosis three times, producing an eight-nucleate cell.  These eight nuclei are arranged into two groups of four. These groups both send a nucleus to the center of the cell; these become the polar nuclei.  Depending on the species, these nuclei fuse together before or upon fertilization of the central cell. The three nuclei at the end of the cell near the micropylar become the egg apparatus, with an egg cell in the center and two synergids. At the other end of the cell, a cell wall forms around the nuclei and forms the antipodals. Therefore, the resulting embryo sac is a seven-celled structure consisting of one central cell, one egg cell, two synergid cells, and three antipodal cells.[2][3]

text: The bisporic and tetrasporic patterns undergo varying processes and result in varying embryo sacs as well.  In Lilium which has a tetrasporic pattern, the central cell of the embryo sac is 4N.  Therefore, upon fertilization the endosperm will be 5N rather than the typical 3N.[4]


document_title: List of largest houses in the United States

question_text: who has the biggest house in the us

question_tokens: who has the biggest house in the us

root

text: This List of the 100 largest extant houses in the United States includes place holders for houses that have been demolished or currently under construction (i.e. under construction with substantial progress made, not merely proposed) ranked by square footage (which includes livable space of main house only, and does not count such ancillary buildings as guest houses, pool houses, etc.).

tag: p

text: Largest houses by floor space[edit]

text:
Rank
Square footage
Name
Location
Built for
Owner
Year completed
Architectural style
Architect
Image

1
135,280[1]
Biltmore Estate
Asheville, North Carolina
George Washington Vanderbilt II
William A.V. Cecil Jr.
1895
Châteauesque
Richard Morris Hunt

2
109,000 [2]
Oheka Castle
Huntington, New York
Otto Hermann Kahn
Gary Melius
1919
Châteauesque
Delano and Aldrich

3
100,000
Whitemarsh Hall
Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania
Edward T. Stotesbury
(demolished in 1980)
1917
Georgian
Horace Trumbauer

4
97,188[3]
Arden House
Harriman, New York
Edward Henry Harriman
Research Center on Natural Conservation
1909
Châteauesque
Carrère and Hastings

5
96,582
Winterthur
Winterthur, Delaware
Henry Francis du Pont
Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library
1932
Georgian Revival
Henry Francis du Pont

6
91,000
Le Palais Royal
Hillsboro Beach, Florida
Unknown
Unknown
2017
Palais
Joseph Leone

7 (tie)
90,000
Cornelius Vanderbilt II House
New York, New York
Cornelius Vanderbilt II
(demolished in 1926)
1882
Châteauesque
George B. Post

7 (tie)
90,000
Shadow Lawn
West Long Branch, New Jersey
Hubert Templeton Parson
Monmouth University
1927
Beaux-Arts
Horace Trumbauer

9
88,000
Meadow Brook Hall
Rochester Hills, Michigan
Matilda Dodge Wilson
Oakland University
1929
Tudor Revival
Smith Hinchman & Grylls

10 (tie)
80,000
Florham
Florham Park, New Jersey
Hamilton and Florence Vanderbilt Twombly
Fairleigh Dickinson University
1897
Georgian Revival
McKim Mead & White

10 (tie)
80,000
Harbor Hill
Roslyn, New York
Clarence Hungerford Mackay
(demolished in 1947)
1899
Châteauesque
McKim Mead & White

12
75,000
Indian Neck Hall
Oakdale, New York
Frederick Gilbert Bourne
St. John's University
1908
Federal Style
Ernest Flagg

13
72,215 [4][5][6]
Pensmore
Highlandville, Missouri
Steven T. Huff
Steven T. Huff
2016
Châteauesque

14
72,000
Inisfada
North Hills, New York
Nicholas Frederic Brady
(demolished in 2013)
1919
Tudor Revival
John Torrey Windrim

15 (tie)
70,000
Idle Hour
Oakdale, New York
William K. Vanderbilt
Dowling College
1901
English Country Style
Richard Howland Hunt

15 (tie)
70,000[7]
Woodlea
Briarcliff Manor, New York
Margaret Louisa Vanderbilt Shepard
Sleepy Hollow Country Club
1895
Georgian Revival
Stanford White

17
68,500[8]
Hearst Castle
San Simeon, California
William Randolph Hearst
California Department of Parks and Recreation
1947
Spanish Colonial Revival
Julia Morgan

18
66,341[9]
Grey Towers Castle
Glenside, Pennsylvania
William Welsh Harrison
Arcadia University
1896
Gothic Revival
Horace Trumbauer

19
64,389[10]
Fair Field
Sagaponack, New York
Ira Rennert
Ira Rennert
2003
Italian Renaissance
Mark Ferguson[11]

20
62,500 [12]
Mar-a-Lago
Palm Beach, Florida
Marjorie Merriweather Post
Donald Trump
1927
Spanish Colonial Revival
Marion Sims Wyeth
Joseph Urban

21
62,482[13]
The Breakers
Newport, Rhode Island
Cornelius Vanderbilt II
Preservation Society of Newport County
1895
Italian Renaissance
Richard Morris Hunt

22
62,317[14]
Versailles
Windermere, Florida
David A. Siegel
David A. Siegel
(under construction)
Châteauesque

23
62,272[15]
Lynnewood Hall
Elkins Park, Pennsylvania
Peter A. B. Widener
Richard Yoon
1900
Neoclassical
Horace Trumbauer

24
62,220[16]
Gemini
Manalapan, Florida
Gerard Barnes Lambert, Sr
Dirk Edward Ziff
1940s
Mediterranean Revival
Marion Sims Wyeth
Edson E. Dailey

25 (tie)
60,000
Whitehall
Palm Beach, Florida
Henry Morrison Flagler
Henry Morrison Flagler Museum
1902
Beaux-Arts
Carrère and Hastings

25 (tie)
60,000
Pembroke
Glen Cove, New York
Joseph De Lamar
(demolished in 1968)
1916
Neoclassical
C.P.H. Gilbert

25 (tie)
60,000
El Mirasol
Palm Beach, Florida
Edward T. Stotesbury
(demolished in 1958)
1920
Spanish Colonial Revival
Addison Mizner

28
58,000[17]
Duke Farms
Hillsborough Township, New Jersey
James Buchanan Duke
(demolished in 2016)
1903
Tudor Revival
Henry H. Kendall

29
57,000[18]
Eschman Meadows
Nashport, Ohio
Tami Longaberger

2001
Georgian
George Acock
Phil White

30
56,881
Castle Hill
Ipswich, Massachusetts
Nathan East
The Trustees of Reservations
1928
English Baroque
David Adler

31
56,368[19]
Andrew Carnegie Mansion
New York, New York
Andrew Carnegie
Smithsonian Institution
1901
Georgian Revival
Babb, Cook & Willard

30
56,000[20]
Blairsden
Peapack-Gladstone, New Jersey
Clinton Ledyard Blair
T. Eric Galloway[21]
1903
Châteauesque
Carrère and Hastings

31
55,360
Ralston Hall
Belmont, California
William Chapman Ralston
Notre Dame de Namur University
1864
Italianate
Henry W. Cleaveland

32 (tie)
55,000
White House
Washington, D.C.
United States of America
National Park Service
1800
Neoclassical
James Hoban

32 (tie)
55,000
Belle Grove
White Castle, Louisiana
John Andrews
(demolished in 1952)
1857
Greek Revival
Italianate
Henry Howard

32 (tie)
55,000
Elm Court
Lenox, Massachusetts
Emily Thorn Vanderbilt
Travaasa Experiential Resorts
1885
American Shingle Style
Peabody and Stearns

35
54,838[22]
Dumbarton Oaks
Washington, D.C.
William Hammond Dorsey
Harvard University
1801
Colonial Revival

36
54,400[23]
Chateau Montagel
Shoal Creek, Alabama
Larry House
Real Estate Investment Trust
1997[24]
Châteauesque
Bill Shephard[25]

37
54,246[26]
Searles Castle
Great Barrington, Massachusetts
Mary Hopkins Searles
John Dewey Academy
1883
Châteauesque
McKim Mead & White

38
53,000
Nottoway
White Castle, Louisiana
John Hampden Randolph
Paul Ramsay
1858
Greek Revival
Italianate
Henry Howard

39
52,897[27]
Hala Ranch
Aspen, Colorado
Bandar bin Sultan
John Paulson
1991
Rustic
Hagman Yaw

40
52,503[28]
The Manor
Los Angeles, California
Aaron Spelling
Petra Stunt [29]
1988
Châteauesque
James Langenheim & Associates

41
52,300[30]
Felix M. Warburg House
New York, New York
Felix M. Warburg
Jewish Museum of New York
1906
Châteauesque
Charles Pierrepont Henry Gilbert

42
51,134[31]
Stan Hywet Hall
Akron, Ohio
Frank Seiberling
Stan Hywet Hall Foundation
1915
Tudor Revival
Charles Sumner Schneider

43
51,000[32]
Hacienda De La Paz
Rolling Hills, California
John Z. Blazevich
John Z. Blazevich
2008
Spanish Colonial Revival
Rafael Manzano Martos

44
50,853
Chase Mansion
West Hartford, Connecticut
Arnold Chase
Arnold Chase
2009
Georgian
Allan Greenberg Architect, LLC

45
50,729[33]
Perry Belmont House
Washington, D.C.
Perry Belmont
Order of the Eastern Star
1909
Beaux-Arts
Ernest Sanson
Horace Trumbauer

46
50,316[34]
Otto H. Kahn House
New York, New York
Otto Hermann Kahn
Convent of the Sacred Heart
1914
Renaissance Revival
J. Armstrong Stenhouse
Charles Pierrepont Henry Gilbert

47 (tie)
50,000 [35]
1299 Via Tivoli
Henderson, Nevada
Pierre Omidyar
Pierre Omidyar
2010
Modern architecture

47 (tie)
50,000
Reid Hall
Purchase, New York
Whitelaw Reid
Manhattanville College
1892
Renaissance Revival
Stanford White

47 (tie)
50,000
Wingwood House
Bar Harbor, Maine
Alexander Cassatt
(demolished in 1953)
1903
Neoclassical
Louis Magaziner

47 (tie)
50,000
Riverside
New York, New York
Charles M. Schwab
(demolished in 1948)
1906
Châteauesque
Maurice Hébert

47 (tie)
50,000[36]
Hempstead House
Sands Point, New York
Howard Gould
Nassau County, New York
1912
Tudor Revival
Richard Howland Hunt

47 (tie)
50,000[37]
Seven Springs
Bedford, New York
Eugene Meyer
Donald Trump
1919

52
49,951
Chateau Bray
Madisonville, Texas
James and Sonya Bray
James and Sonya Bray
(under construction)
French Baroque
James and Sonya Bray

53
49,568[38]
8271 E Left Hand Fork Hobble Creek
Springville, Utah
Tom Mower
Tom Mower
2010
Italian Renaissance

54
49,300[39]
The Pritzker Estate
Los Angeles, California
Anthony Pritzker
Anthony Pritzker
2010
Contemporary
Grant Camden Kirkpatrick

55
49,000[40]
Ziff Mansion
Pawling, New York
William Bernard Ziff, Jr.
Dirk Edward Ziff
2000

56
48,515[41]
50 Poplar Hill Drive
Farmington, Connecticut
Benjamin Sisti[42]
Curtis Jackson[43]
1985
Contemporary

57
48,160[44]
Xanadu 2.0
Medina, Washington
Bill Gates
Bill Gates
1995
Pacific Lodge
James Cutler

58
47,000
Nemours
Wilmington, Delaware
Alfred I. du Pont
Nemours Foundation
1909
Neoclassical
Carrère and Hastings

59
46,054[45]
Greystone Mansion
Beverly Hills, California
Edward L. Doheny
City of Beverly Hills
1928
Tudor Revival
Gordon Kaufmann

60
46,000[46]
Elstowe Manor
Elkins Park, Pennsylvania
William L. Elkins
Dominican Sisters of St. Catherine de' Ricci
1898
Italian Renaissance
Horace Trumbauer

61
45,891[47]
457 Bel Air Road
Los Angeles, California
Beny Alagem
Beny Alagem
2006
French Normandy
Robert A.M. Stern[48]

62
45,854[49]
Villa Collina
Moorestown, New Jersey
Vernon Hill
Vernon Hill
2002
Italian Renaissance[49]

63
45,842[50]
Townsend House
Washington, D.C.
Richard T. Townsend
Cosmos Club
1901
Beaux-Arts
Carrère and Hastings

64
45,120[51]
Illinois Executive Mansion
Springfield, Illinois
State of Illinois
State of Illinois
1855
Georgian Revival
John M. Van Osdel

65 (tie)
45,000[52]
Yaddo
Saratoga Springs, New York
Spencer Trask
Corporation of Yaddo
1893
Tudor Revival
William Halsey Wood

65 (tie)
45,000[53]
Darlington
Mahwah, New Jersey
George Crocker
Ilija Pavlovic[54]
1907
Jacobean
James Brite

65 (tie)
45,000[55]
Henry Clay Frick House
New York, New York
Henry Clay Frick
Frick Collection
1914
Beaux-Arts
Carrère and Hastings

68
44,936[56]
Anderson House
Washington, D.C.
Larz Anderson
Society of the Cincinnati
1905
Beaux-Arts
Arthur Little
Herbert Browne

69
44,925
Le Palais
Beverly Hills, California
Mohamed Hadid
Lola Karimova-Tillyaeva[57]
2011
Châteauesque

70
44,309[58]
Glencairn
Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania
Raymond Pitcairn
The New Church
1929
Romanesque
Raymond Pitcairn

71
44,234[59]
Villa Vittoriosa
Fayetteville, Georgia
Evander Holyfield
Rick Ross[60]
1994
Neoclassical
Portman Fuchtman Vinson Sunderland

72
44,229[61]
Ochre Court
Newport, Rhode Island
Ogden Goelet
Salve Regina University
1892
Châteauesque
Richard Morris Hunt

73
44,000[62]
Hyde Park
Hyde Park, New York
Frederick Vanderbilt
National Park Service
1899
Beaux-Arts
Charles Follen McKim

74
43,793[63]
Boldt Castle
Alexandria Bay, New York
George Boldt
Thousand Islands Bridge Authority
1904
Chateauesque
G.W. & W.D. Hewitt

75
43,561[64]
Marland Mansion
Ponca City, Oklahoma
Ernest Whitworth Marland
City of Ponca City
1928
Mediterranean Revival
John Duncan Forsyth

76
43,557
901 Trophy Hills Dr
Las Vegas, Nevada
Sheldon Adelson
Sheldon Adelson
2013

77
43,517[65]
Asherwood
Carmel, Indiana
Melvin Simon
Bren Simon
1999
Chateauesque

78
43,040[66]
Primatara
Springfield, Missouri
Robert Low
Robert Low
(under construction)

Richard Drummond Davis

79
42,831[67]
Château des Fleurs
Los Angeles, California
James A. Kaplan
James A. Kaplan
2014
Chateauesque
William Hefner

80
42,014[68]
51 Winding Brook Drive
Saratoga Springs, New York
John Breyo
John Breyo
2006
Mediterranean Revival
Robert Flansburg[69]

81 (tie)
42,000
Payne Mansion
Esopus, New York
Oliver Hazard Payne
Marist College
1911
Beaux-Arts
Carrère and Hastings

81 (tie)
42,000
Rose Terrace
Grosse Pointe Farms, Michigan
Anna Thompson Dodge
(demolished in 1976)
1931
Neoclassical
Horace Trumbauer

83
41,774[70]
Le Palais Royal
Hillsboro Beach, Florida
Robert Pereira[71]
Robert Pereira
2014
Beaux-Arts
Denio Madera

84
41,050[72]
Carolands
Hillsborough, California
Harriet Pullman Carolan
Charles Bartlett Johnson
1914
Second Empire
Ernest Sanson
Willis Polk

85 (tie)
41,000[73]
Hayes Mansion
San Jose, California
Mary Hayes Chynoweth
City of San Jose
1905
Mediterranean Revival
George Page

85 (tie)
41,000[74]
NYIT de Seversky Mansion
Old Westbury, New York
Alfred I. du Pont
New York Institute of Technology
1918
Georgian Revival
Carrère and Hastings

87
40,916[75]
Il Palmetto
Palm Beach, Florida
Joseph E. Widener
James H. Clark
1927
Mediterranean Revival
Maurice Fatio

88
40,280[76]
Walker McCune Mansion
Paradise Valley, Arizona
Walker McCune
George A. Hormel family
1962
Contemporary

89 (tie)
40,000
Mills Mansion
Hyde Park, New York
Ogden Mills
New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
1896
Beaux-Arts
Stanford White

89 (tie)
40,000
The Braes
Glen Cove, New York
Herbert L. Pratt
Webb Institute
1912
Jacobean
James Brite

89 (tie)
40,000
Coe Hall
Oyster Bay, New York
William Robertson Coe
Planting Fields Foundation
1921
Tudor Revival
Guy Lowell

89 (tie)
40,000[77]
Rynwood
Old Brookville, New York
Samuel Agar Salvage
John Mariani Jr
1927
Tudor Revival
Roger Bullard

89 (tie)
40,000[78]
10697 Somma Way
Los Angeles, California
Ty Cueva
Ty Cueva
2017
Spanish Colonial Revival

94
39,648[79]
Seaview Terrace
Newport, Rhode Island
Edson Bradley
Martin Carey
1925
Chateauesque
Howard Greenley

95
39,576[80]
La Reverie
Palm Beach, Florida
Sydell Miller
Sydell Miller
2001
Neoclassical
Jeffrey W. Smith

96
39,257[81]
Serenity Ridge
Parker, Colorado
Cal Turner, Jr.
Cal Turner, Jr.
2001
Italianate

97
38,500[82]
North Wales
Warrenton, Virginia
William Allison[83]
David Ford
1776
Georgian

98
38,196[84]
144 Hopewell Road
Alton, New Hampshire
Bob Bahre
Bob Bahre
2003
Georgian

99 (tie)
38,000[85]
Government House
Annapolis, Maryland
State of Maryland
State of Maryland
1870
Georgian
Richard Snowden Andrews

99 (tie)
38,000[86]
Ardrossan
Villanova, Pennsylvania
Robert Leaming Montgomery
Robert Montgomery Scott
1912
Georgian
Horace Trumbauer

99 (tie)
38,000[87]
Charles Gates Mansion
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Charles Gates
(demolished 1933)
1913
Renaissance Revival

99 (tie)
38,000[88]
Billionaire
Los Angeles, California
Bruce Makowsky[89]
Bruce Makowsky
2016
Contemporary
Bruce Makowsky

tag: table


document_title: List of Andi Mack episodes

question_text: when does andi mack new episode come out

text: List of Andi Mack episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
12
April 7, 2017 (2017-04-07)
June 23, 2017 (2017-06-23)

2
TBA
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)
TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [2][3]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date [2][3]
Prod.
code [2][4]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1

2
1

2
"13"

"Outside the Box"
Paul Hoen
Terri Minsky
April 7, 2017 (2017-04-07)
101

102
1.24[5]

As Andi Mack celebrates her 13th birthday, she gets a surprise visit from her sister Bex, who announces she will be moving back in with their parents, Celia and Ham. Andi is thrilled about the news and wants to know what Bex has been up to. Bex shares a box of her memories with Andi, though before she does, Celia warns her about the secrets inside it which she does not want Andi to know. Bex later discovers Andi is infatuated with a boy named Jonah Beck and arranges to have her be with him, which includes a frisbee lesson with him. Jonah realizes how good Andi becomes and wants her to join the frisbee team at school, but as she decides whether to do so, she discovers he has a girlfriend named Amber. Feeling humiliated, Andi gets upset at Bex, who tells her it is okay not to be perfect. Andi feels better after Jonah texts her. Meanwhile, against Celia's warning, Bex shows Andi a picture hidden deep inside the box which shows Andi as a baby and Bex holding her; Andi finds out the truth about her sister, who is really her mother. This infuriates Celia and Ham, but they know they must come to terms with this revelation. After taking time to process this huge change in her life, Andi eventually becomes curious about who her father is, but Bex is not ready to tell her yet. It prompts Andi to take the box to see whether her father's picture is inside it.
Andi tells her friends Cyrus and Buffy that she has joined the school frisbee team with Jonah, but has yet to tell them about the more important, life-changing discovery concerning her and Bex. While hanging with Andi in her shack, Cyrus and Buffy come across the picture of Bex with the newborn Andi, concluding Bex has a "secret baby" but not knowing that baby is Andi. Meanwhile, Bex tries to fit in at dinner when Andi, Celia and Ham play a memory game during the meal. Andi tries to impress Jonah by giving him a bracelet she made, a gesture which upsets Amber as she sees the two together. Later, when Cyrus and Buffy keep harping about the secret baby, Andi reveals to them that she is the secret baby while also telling them that Amber is wearing the bracelet she gave to Jonah. Both Andi and Amber stare at each other for several minutes, diverting the attention away from the secret baby talk. Cyrus and Buffy eventually get back to Andi's revelation and have some questions about it.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Emily Skinner as Amber, Anson Bagley as Gus
Note: Disney Channel premiered these episodes as part of a double-length special episode titled "Tomorrow Starts Today", but they have subsequently been aired and sold as separate regular-length episodes titled "13" and "Outside the Box".

3
3
"Shhh!"
David Warren
Erin Dunlap
April 14, 2017 (2017-04-14)
103
1.19[6]

Since the revelation that Bex is Andi's mother, Celia still does not want Andi to call her by different grandmother names. After seeing Mrs. Devlin is the librarian at Andi's school, and recalling that has not changed since she went there, Bex encourages Andi into watching scary movies, which Celia has kept Andi from experiencing. That evening, Andi watches a movie called Shhh!, with Bex there in case she gets too scared, though Bex ends up falling asleep. The movie indeed scares Andi so much, that the next day, she falls asleep in class and receives detention, which prevents her from attending her first Space Otters frisbee match with Jonah. Andi finds out detention is held in the library with Mrs. Devlin, whose "shhh" to quiet her winds up re-triggering her frightened state from the movie. Meanwhile, Buffy joins the track and field relay team and her obsession with winning becomes costly. Later, as Bex goes through a box of things from her youth, and Andi learns more about her, Andi also stumbles across a picture of someone from Bex's past whom she believes to be her father.
Guest star: Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany

4
4
"Dancing in the Dark"
Paul Hoen
Phil Baker
April 21, 2017 (2017-04-21)
104
1.27[7]

After Andi questions Bex about the identify of the man in the photo she found, Bex is hesitant and continues to avoid discussion about Andi's father. Cyrus reveals the truth about Bex being Andi's mother to his mother, who later spreads the word across town. Andi receives supportive comments from Jonah and a lot of students at her school, while Celia has an even harder time coping with this fact after her neighbor calls her "grandma", which leads her and Ham to take time away from home. In their absence, Bex persuades Andi to have her first party at the house. The party is attended by Andi's schoolmates, Jonah, and even Amber. It turns bad when Amber wants to know who Andi's real father is and asks Andi to reveal him to the guests, causing Andi to retreat to the Andi Shack. As Bex starts to talk to Andi, Cyrus warns them that Celia and Ham have returned, and the partygoers are told to leave. During the confrontation, Celia is angered at what happened and walks off without saying anything. Ham sends Andi to bed while he helps Bex clean up. As Andi heads to her bedroom, Ham comments to Bex that they came home upon the Neighborhood Watch contacting them about party music that normally does not come from their home. When Bex tells him that Andi is persistent with questions about her father, Ham tells Bex that the man who fathered Andi knows she exists because he told him.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Emily Skinner as Amber, Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany, Garren Stitt as Marty

5
5
"It's Not About You"
Joe Menendez
Rayna McClendon
April 28, 2017 (2017-04-28)
105
1.40[8]

Bex is shocked that Ham informed Andi's father about Andi, but Ham made it clear that he needed to know and Andi needs to know about him. When Andi later questions Ham about her father, however, she gets no information. Although Ham has given Bex the email address of Andi's father, all that comes out of any communication is "hey".
Meanwhile, Jonah sets up Cyrus on a date with a girl named Iris, as part of a double date with Jonah and Amber. It goes sour when Cyrus gets sick on a carnival ride.
Buffy gets into trouble at school over her curly hair and is told by the vice principal to change it. This leads to her not hanging out with Andi, who starts asking questions after she sees Buffy and Bex talking at the Fringe. It boils over when Andi sees the two in the bathroom at home, but she finds out none of what is going on is about her. Buffy reveals to Andi that she messed up her hair while using a flatiron to straighten it and she went to Bex to have her hair fixed, since Buffy's mother is overseas.
Andi later gives Bex a lesson on how to properly throw a frisbee. After Bex lets one fly, Andi goes to retrieve it and then sees Amber with a guy, but it is not Jonah.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Emily Skinner as Amber, Molly Jackson as Iris
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

6
6
"She Said, She Said"
Paul Hoen
Suzanne Weber
May 5, 2017 (2017-05-05)
106
1.41[9]

Andi is faced with telling Jonah about seeing Amber with another guy, and after she does, Jonah tells her he will be okay. When she later receives texts to see him at his school locker, Andi rushes to meet him but also confronts Amber, who actually sent out the texts from Jonah's phone and makes her to be a liar. Hurt by Amber's treatment, Andi questions whether she should be talking to Jonah, even though he feels bad about what happened. She is so hurt, that she wants to stay home from school and gets help from Cyrus and Buffy to make her sick.
Meanwhile, Celia sees Bex is becoming more responsible around the house and later notices her working at the Fringe. Celia also notices Brittany, whom Bex babysat years ago, is Bex's boss.
While running track, Buffy meets a familiar face from Andi's party, Marty, who informs her that she is the fastest runner at school, for a girl. She finds herself in competition with Marty, who has the school's overall fastest time.
As Andi, Bex and Celia argue over Andi's going to school, they hear the doorbell. Bex answers to find a man at the door; it is Bowie, Andi's father. Bex introduces the two, informing them of their relationship, and they look at each other in surprise.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany, Garren Stitt as Marty, Trent Garrett as Bowie

7
7
"Dad Influence"
Jerry O'Connell
Elena Song
May 12, 2017 (2017-05-12)
107
1.49[10]

Bowie is excited to know his daughter Andi by spending the day with her, but Celia reminds them it is a school day. Bowie manages to get Andi excused from school, right after she learns from Cyrus and Buffy that Jonah and Amber have broken up, and Jonah approaches her with news she hopes is good. When Cyrus and Buffy later realize Andi is not around, they text her to ask where she is and what Jonah told her, but Andi is wondering as much about Jonah and asks her friends to find out. They end up meddling instead, with Cyrus convincing Jonah to follow his heart, despite his insecurities from the break-up, hoping it will lead him to Andi. Meanwhile, Bowie makes the most of his day with Andi, but when she worries about Jonah, Bowie drives her back to school. After she discovers Jonah and Amber have reconciled, she asks Cyrus and Buffy how this could happen, but the two keep silent about their involvement. Andi also tells them she spent the day with her father, while feeling guilty about cutting their day short, realizing he had only the one day, since he is a traveling musician. After Andi talks with Bex about Bowie and learns more about their relationship, the two discover Bowie in Andi's shack.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Emily Skinner as Amber, Trent Garrett as Bowie

8
8
"Terms of Embarrassment"
Adam Weissman
Sam Wolfson
May 19, 2017 (2017-05-19)
108
1.48[11]

Bowie decides to delay joining his 40-city tour with the Renaissance Boys to be with Andi and Bex, but Celia allows him to stay at the Mack house for only two days. During his extended stay, Bowie meets Andi's friends at school and her teammates on the Space Otters. He records a video with them in it and asks Andi about the boy she keeps talking about, but she feels uncomfortable about her father being around her all the time. On the other hand, Celia is having a change of heart about Bowie after he cooks one of her mother's recipes. Bex and Bowie later have a serious talk at the place the two were last together before their split, with Bowie wanting to be in Andi and Bex's lives more; Bex assures him that he is already a part of their lives. Meanwhile, Cyrus gets offended over a text from Jonah which called him "girly". Buffy works on making Cyrus more like a man, but when Cyrus later asks Jonah about the text, Jonah tells him that autocorrect messed up the text and he really meant to send "gnarly".
Bowie starts to realize he has overstayed his welcome after Andi catches him in her bedroom on her computer and wants him not to invade her privacy. When Bex looks at Andi's computer, she sees the video that Bowie made and gets emotional. That prompts Andi to take a look as well and to talk with Bowie afterward, only to find him gone.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie

9
9
"She's Turning into You"
Michael Grossman
Erin Dunlap
June 2, 2017 (2017-06-02)
109
1.41[12]

Andi misses Bowie, and Bex helps to cheer her up. The two buy a variety of vintage clothes, which Celia disapproves and causes her to start questioning Bex's being back home. After enjoying quality time with Bex, Andi begins to wonder why her mother left home at the time of her birth, and while Bex does not reveal any details to Andi, things come out at home when Celia suggests that Bex move out.
Meanwhile, Andi is concerned after Jonah passes her in the hallway at school without saying anything. She talks to him to find things are still okay between them. She also offers to help him come up with something for Amber's birthday, including how to express his emotions on her birthday card, but Andi is taken aback when Jonah thinks of her as a "pal" instead of something more.
Buffy's competitive nature hits a new low when she discovers one of her track shoes is missing and assumes Marty stole it. She retaliates by taking Marty's shoes and inflicting water damage on them. As for the missing shoe, Cyrus reveals it was in his mother's car, coming out of Buffy's bag during one of her rides home with him.
The episode concludes with Andi and Bex moving into a new apartment.
Guest star: Garren Stitt as Marty

10
10
"Home Away from Home"
Eyal Gordin
Phil Baker
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
110
1.29[13]

Andi and Bex struggle with adjusting to their new home, and problems with the electricity and appliances are making matters worse. Andi has been removed from the home she has known for 13 years, and it is taking a toll, from issues about her laundry and the warm meals to her ability to work on her art. With her crafting supplies in the Andi Shack, she and Bex head back to the Mack house to retrieve them. Celia and Ham notice the two and are willing to welcome them back into their home, but Bex stands by her decision to move out, though she does apologize to Celia for taking Andi without giving her any notice. Ultimately, as Andi's mother, Bex begins to realize what is best for Andi and allows her to go back to Celia and Ham. After Celia returns Andi to be in her new home with Bex, Andi starts to embrace Bex as her mother.
Meanwhile, Cyrus wonders where he stands with Iris, thinking their relationship is over. Intending to spend the day at a sporting event with her, Jonah and Amber, he winds up going with just Jonah after Buffy declines to be his date and the other girls think he has moved on.
Guest star: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham

11
11
"Were We Ever?"
Paul Hoen
Sam Wolfson
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
111
1.38[14]

A new principal, Dr. Metcalf, takes over at Andi's school. He meets Andi, Cyrus and Buffy, and tells Andi her leggings violate the school's dress code. Unaware at first about this dress code, the three eventually object to it when they see all the clothing prohibited. With Bex's help, they stage a protest at the school, with the participating students wearing prison outfits. As this is also happening on picture day, Cyrus gets concerned over how he will look, but Buffy convinces him to go with what they are wearing. Jonah reminds Andi about the team picture for the Space Otters, but when she shows up, he does not see her in the team's uniform and tells her to change into it. With Jonah so focused on the picture, Andi quickly realizes his indifference to her standing up to the dress code—a fight she wins after negotiating with Dr. Metcalf about making the policy more reasonable. Andi and her friends later find out the school will redo picture day in light of the protest.
Andi and Jonah have a more serious talk about what has happened, leading her to quit the Space Otters. She stands up to Jonah, wanting him to stop asking her to do things for him. When Jonah asks if they are still friends, Andi responds, "Were we ever?"
Guest star: Oliver Vaquer as Dr. Metcalf
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

12
12
"Best Surprise Ever"
Vanessa Parise
Elena Song & Suzanne Weber
June 23, 2017 (2017-06-23)
112
1.94[15]

Jonah is feeling down following Andi's quitting the Space Otters and all but ignoring him after their talk. Even Amber cannot cheer him up, with her friend Kip belittling the sport he loves. Cyrus encourages Jonah to talk to Andi, but when it appears Jonah will have a chance to do so in the school hallway, he notices Andi's excitement about Bowie's return instead. Jonah becomes so depressed that he cancels the Space Otters practice. This also leads to his unequivocal break-up with Amber.
Meanwhile, Buffy gives Marty a new pair of shoes, her way of apologizing for what she did to his old ones, though Marty has wanted her to actually say she is sorry. They set a time to race each other to resolve who is faster, but when they worry about how they will react to the result, they call the race off.
Andi discovers the reason Bowie came back is tied to Bex, whom he noticed in pictures across several stops on his tour with the Renaissance Boys. Andi arranges for her parents to have a romantic evening, and she also hears a song Bowie wrote for Bex. The next morning, Andi asks Bex how the evening went and hopes the two will get back together, but Bex tells Andi it is unlikely because Bowie's unpredictability makes him inclined not to stay in one place. When Andi talks to Bowie, she realizes his feelings for Bex have changed little over the years, but Bowie agrees with what Bex told Andi. Still, there is hope when Andi sees Bowie unexpectedly take a ring out of one of the blazers he is trying on at a vintage store.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Garren Stitt as Marty, CJ Strong as Kip
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

text: Season 2 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [2][3]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date [2][3]
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code [2][16]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

13
1
"Hey, Who Wants Pizza?"
Eyal Gordin
Terri Minsky
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)
2-99
1.62[17]

Andi talks to Bowie about proposing to Bex, while Cyrus introduces his girlfriend Iris to Andi and Buffy, and Jonah invites Andi, Cyrus and Buffy to a pizza party for the Space Otters. At first, Andi does not want to go to the party, but later changes her mind after talking with Bex. Following the party, Jonah reveals to Andi that he broke up with Amber for good, though Andi had some idea prior to the party when he returned the bracelet she made for him. Andi gives Jonah back the bracelet and gets serious about being with him.
While Cyrus is happy about seeing Andi and Jonah together again, as well as having Iris as his girlfriend, he reveals to Buffy that he is also unhappy. He confides in her that he is jealous because of his feelings for Jonah.
Bowie comes over to Andi and Bex's apartment with a pizza and, with Andi's help, finally asks Bex to marry him. Bex's response is simply "um...", but Andi is hopeful she will eventually say yes. Later, while at work, Bex receives another pizza from Bowie, who is also hopeful she will accept his proposal.
As Andi and her friends discover Amber as a waitress at The Spoon, Andi tells Buffy about how that is making her uncomfortable but also how nervous she is around Jonah. Buffy thinks Andi is not ready for a serious relationship yet. While the two are talking, Jonah is with Amber outside, which further upsets Andi. Although Jonah says nothing is going on, Buffy warns him not to hurt Andi, causing him to leave the diner. Andi later talks to Jonah and wants their relationship to grow without Amber standing in the way.
After having some time to think about Bowie's proposal, Bex reveals to Andi that she is not going to marry him.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Emily Skinner as Amber, Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany, Molly Jackson as Iris

14
2
"Chinese New Year"
Eyal Gordin
Elena Song
November 3, 2017 (2017-11-03)
202
1.66[18]

Andi is disappointed about Bex saying no to Bowie's marriage proposal and wants Bex to tell Bowie as soon as possible, as he is unaware. With the approach of the Chinese New Year, and Andi and Bex's aunt Mei and cousin Ronald coming over to Celia's house, the news will have to wait. Andi invites Jonah to the new year event, but his not understanding the customs puts Celia on edge, as well as the idea of Andi even having a boyfriend. Meanwhile, Celia wants to show Mei that she can successfully host a Chinese New Year feast and is quite appreciative of Bowie's contributions for the occasion. After Bowie announces that he may have some good news to share, Celia uses the opportunity to make the event special, until Andi hints to Bowie what she already knows and announces to the rest that Bex and Bowie are not getting married. Bowie is saddened by this and leaves.
With track season over, Buffy decides to sign up to play basketball, though the school's team consists only of men. After some practice with Marty, Buffy lets him know how confident she is of making the team, despite her actually being nervous. She feels she needs to outperform the men to secure a spot.
Andi continues to be upset that Bex let Bowie go, but when finding something to eat, she rediscovers that picture which Bex tore up, making her even more upset. She wants to know whether the person in that picture is the reason behind Bex's decision not to marry Bowie.
Guest stars: Freda Foh Shen as Mei, Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Garren Stitt as Marty, Alan Ko as Ronald

15
3
"Friends Like These"
Adam Weissman
Phil Baker
November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10)
203
1.40[19]

Andi grows suspicious when Amber starts having a normal conversation with her. Jonah tells Andi that Amber just wants to be friends, but Andi thinks Amber has not gotten over Jonah. Andi, Cyrus and Buffy try another hangout place to avoid Amber at The Spoon.
Meanwhile, Buffy and Marty go through tryouts to make the basketball team, but Buffy gets annoyed by TJ, the team's captain. Despite feeling she will not make the team because of him, Buffy shares the good news with Andi and Cyrus when she does. Marty fails to make the team but is happy for Buffy.
Cyrus and Iris spend an evening together at her house and watch a movie. Things appear to go all right until he kisses her, after which he feels embarrassed by the way it happened and decides to leave.
Andi finds out more about the man in the picture Bex tore up, an ex-boyfriend named Gabriel. Bex has trouble letting him go and tells Andi he is the reason she is insecure about marrying anyone, including Bowie. Andi helps Bex find closure with Gabriel by placing his picture with those of her other ex-boyfriends in her box of memories, which leads to them taking out Bowie's picture.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Garren Stitt as Marty, Molly Jackson as Iris, Luke Mullen as TJ
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

16
4
"Mama"
Eyal Gordin
Terri Minsky
November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)
204
1.58[20]

Celia informs Andi and Bex about a closet clean-out at the Mack house, which happens to be on the anniversary of a day Bex wishes had never happened—the day she left 13 years earlier. Both Bex and Celia tell their versions of the story behind that day to Andi, which are completely different. Bex eventually reveals that her leaving was tied to Andi's first word as a baby, "mama", which was directed at Celia. Upon hearing that, Andi feels regret that she caused Bex to leave. Bex tells Andi that her decision was for the best as she wanted her to be happy, and Celia is thankful for the sacrifice Bex made to ensure Andi would be raised in a stable environment.
Meanwhile, Jonah teaches Cyrus how to skateboard, but when Cyrus is unable to control the skateboard's movement, he ends up getting hurt and going to the hospital. Buffy becomes a friend to her neighbor Millie through a community service project she is doing for school.
Later, Celia reveals to Bex that the clean-out was about more than their opportunity to reconcile about that day 13 years ago. She plans to sell the house and leaves it to Bex to tell Andi, news which will devastate her particularly because of AndiShack. Bex delays saying anything about it to Andi.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Juliet Mills as Millie

17
5
"The Snorpion"
Eyal Gordin
Erin Dunlap
November 24, 2017 (2017-11-24)
205
1.18[21]

After overhearing part of a phone conversation Amber is having with her father, Andi decides to spend time with her by inviting her to a sleepover. Having warned Andi before about Amber by comparing her to a snake in one story, Buffy relays another story to Andi about a frog and a scorpion, and compares Amber to the scorpion—leading to the term "snorpion". At the sleepover, Amber tells Andi that her father lost his job, which is why she is working at The Spoon. With Andi enjoying Amber's company, the two decide to sneak out to an amusement park, where Amber convinces Andi to ride the ferris wheel. When Amber sees a call from Jonah on Andi's phone, she becomes furious and leaves Andi stranded. This lands Andi in police custody, and Bex and Bowie are left to discipline her after they get home, though Andi ends up deciding her punishment when they cannot come up with one. Meanwhile, Buffy is upset over her teammates not giving her the ball during a basketball game. When she confronts TJ about what she needs to do to change this, she realizes he simply does not want her on the team at all. Also, Bex is working toward her cosmetology certification. Her makeup skills also help Andi fool Amber by thinking that Andi injured herself trying to get down the ferris wheel.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Luke Mullen as TJ
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

18
6
"I Wanna Hold Your Wristband"
Joe Menendez
Sam Wolfson
December 1, 2017 (2017-12-01)
206
1.45[22]

Andi is nervous about holding hands with Jonah at school, but just as she is about to, the principal, Dr. Metcalf, splits the students into two separate groups, with Andi and Cyrus in group A, and Buffy and Jonah in group B. When Andi figures out that her group has luxuries while Jonah's group struggles over what they are dealt, she decides to switch groups and encourages the rest in her group to do the same, despite Dr. Metcalf's order for the two groups to stay separate. After chaos ensues in the cafeteria over cookies, Dr. Metcalf ends his exercise, getting across to the students that what group they belong in does not give them any advantage or disadvantage. He also asks them how he decided what group they went to, and while Andi contends it was random, she realizes his selections were alphabetically based. The school day ends with Andi and Jonah both holding hands, though Jonah admits having sweaty palms like Andi. When Andi returns home, Bex finally tells her that Celia and Ham are selling the house. The news devastates Andi, prompting her to return to AndiShack.
Guest stars: Trent Garrett as Bowie, Oliver Vaquer as Dr. Metcalf, Anson Bagley as Gus

19
7
"Head Over Heels"
Joe Menendez
Erin Dunlap
January 15, 2018 (2018-01-15)
207
1.31[23]

To help Andi take her mind off of Celia and Ham's plans to sell the Mack house, Jonah asks her on a date by inviting her to a virtual reality arcade. Buffy is also invited, but she brings Marty with her so she does not feel like a third wheel, making the occasion a double date, even though the two are not really dating. During his virtual reality adventure, Jonah slips and gets hurt. When Jonah refuses Andi's aid, she worries that he is upset with her after she briefly laughed at his mishap. Andi continues to worry and feels Jonah is avoiding her when she later gets no response to her texts. Despite Jonah denying that he is upset with her after she asked him twice, Andi turns to Bex, who tells her to ask a third time. Andi becomes frustrated waiting for Jonah at school, but when she finally has the chance, she trips and falls as she approaches him to ask the question again. Jonah briefly laughs but assures Andi that he is not upset with her. Meanwhile, Buffy feels comfortable being just friends with Marty but finds out he wants more in their relationship. Also, Cyrus asks Bex for her opinion about a screenplay he has written, but Bex's hesitation to tell him the truth about the script has him setting his sights on making the movie.
Guest stars: Garren Stitt as Marty, Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

20
8
"There's a Mack in the Shack"
Paul Hoen
Elena Song
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
208
1.28[24]

Andi decorates her shack with numerous paper cranes, hoping Celia and Ham will notice and change their mind about selling the house. While talking with Celia, Andi springs a deal of coming over to the house more often, news which delights Celia to the point of allowing Andi to choose her breakfast or dance to loud music. Celia even invites Andi to a tape tunnel exhibit which has her missing school and worrying Bex. When Ham finds out the true reason Andi has been spending more time at the house, he wonders why Celia did not fill him in, but when Bex comes up with a better idea to save Andi Shack, and Celia and Ham explain their plans of seeing the world, Andi begins to accept that selling the house may not be a bad idea. It turns out Celia and Ham need more time to decide where they will live, so they postpone selling the house.
Meanwhile, Buffy is asked by her math teacher to tutor a failing student. She bails when she discovers it is TJ, but as he is in jeopardy of being kicked off the basketball team, she will help him if, in return, he starts passing the ball to her during games. Also, Cyrus struggles with getting his chocolate chip muffin at school, but as another concession to Buffy, TJ gives Cyrus tips on claiming it.
After Andi, Bex and Celia have fun at a dance class Celia is taking, the three stop at The Spoon. Just as they are about to order some food, Andi sees Jonah enter the diner with a girl named Natalie.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Luke Mullen as TJ, Shelby Simmons as Natalie

21
9
"You're the One That I Want"
Paul Hoen
Phil Baker
January 26, 2018 (2018-01-26)
209
1.28[25]

Andi finds out from Jonah that Natalie heads the ultimate frisbee team for another school in town, but is wary after Jonah says that Natalie is "just a friend". Amber warns Andi that while she was dating Jonah, he used the same words to refer to Andi. Buffy and Cyrus spy on both Jonah and Natalie at a gathering with "Furious George", one of the top ultimate discheads in the world, but cannot find anything that would make the two more than just friends. Meanwhile, Andi and Jonah have plans to go on a school trip to a Grease singalong, which Buffy and Cyrus are also attending, but Andi learns Jonah has been asked to take part in a video with Natalie and "Furious George", though Jonah says he can get out of it. Unsure whether he does, Andi races over to where the video is being shot, only to hear from Natalie that Jonah is going to the singalong, so she races back to catch the bus, which she almost misses.
Bex meets a woman named Miranda, who works at the same plant nursery Bowie does. When Miranda decides she wants to ask Bowie out and wonders how much Bex knows about him, Bex appears supportive, yet uncomfortable.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Shelby Simmons as Natalie, Chloe Hurst as Miranda
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

22
10
"A Good Hair Day"
Paul Hoen and Adam Weissman
Suzanne Weber
February 2, 2018 (2018-02-02)
210
1.21[26]

While Andi and Bowie are having breakfast at The Spoon, Andi discovers from Bowie's driver's license that it is his birthday. Bowie does not want to make a big deal out of it, but Andi wants to throw him a huge surprise party at Celia and Ham's place. She has Bex work out the details, while she attends a Renaissance Festival for most of the day with her friends. Bex sees Bowie at work and tries to get him to Celia and Ham's for a "plant emergency", but Bowie realizes she is trying to get him to the surprise party. Bex finds out the reason Bowie is not in a celebrating mood, as his father's birthday was on the same day but he died three years ago. Despite this, Bex encourages Bowie to come to the party for Andi's sake. He does and has a wonderful time, but he is greatly touched after Andi calls him "dad" for the first time.
Meanwhile, Buffy shows Jonah her competitive side in arm wrestling, where he also matches quite well, and later at the Renaissance Festival, they square off in a medieval-style tug o' war, which ends in a draw. Also, Cyrus tries to tell Iris about his true feelings for her, with Iris figuring out he does not like her like a girlfriend; the two are okay being just friends.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Molly Jackson as Iris

23
11
"Miniature Gulf"
Paul Hoen
Suzanne Weber
February 9, 2018 (2018-02-09)
211
1.14[27]

While Andi, Bex and Bowie are playing miniature golf, Bowie receives a phone call and Andi wonders who he is talking to. Sensing the body language from both of her parents, Andi is sure Bowie is seeing someone and tries to get information about it. Eventually, she finds out Bowie is dating Miranda and wants to meet her, but Bowie says it is too soon. Andi later has second thoughts about seeing Miranda because it may be too much for her to have possibly another parent-figure. When Andi and Bex go miniature golfing again, by themselves, Andi spots Bowie with Miranda and a little girl, whom she deduces is Miranda's daughter. Meanwhile, Cyrus is tapped by Dr. Metcalf to make an orientation video for new students of Jefferson Middle School and has Jonah film him, but Cyrus gets nervous in front of the camera. Also, Buffy's tutoring TJ gets nowhere as she realizes he is having difficulty even with basic math.
Guest stars: Trent Garrett as Bowie, Luke Mullen as TJ, Chloe Hurst as Miranda, Eden Grace Redfield as Morgan
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

24
12
"We Were Never"
Michelle Manning
Sam Wolfson
February 16, 2018 (2018-02-16)
212
1.37[28]

Andi notices Jonah is not wearing the bracelet she gave him because it is falling apart. She offers to fix it, but Jonah tells her "no rush". After Celia and Ham sense something is wrong with Andi, Celia has Andi consult the I Ching and discovers her hexagram is one of a serious nature; Andi is left to interpret what that means.
Bex receives her cosmetology certificate and delivers the speech at her graduation. Celia and Ham attend the ceremony, and while Bex is shocked they are there after telling Andi not to invite them, she is pleased when they say they are proud of her.
Cyrus prepares for his bar mitzvah and has Jonah look over his wardrobe of suits. TJ is desperate to get his math homework done ahead of a basketball game, by attempting to cheat when he asks Buffy to do it for him. At the basketball game, TJ continues his stubbornness of not passing the ball to Buffy, but when he finally does, Buffy gets a huge surprise from her mother, who is briefly home from a tour of duty and appears at the game.
After Andi fixes the bracelet, Jonah tells her that it represents the two being "boyfriend" and "girlfriend", and he does not want to wear it because he is not into labels. This devastates Andi, and after she reflects on what Jonah has done for her, she feels they were never together in the first place.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Luke Mullen as TJ, Siena Goines as Pat Driscoll

25
13
"Cyrus' Bash-Mitzvah!"
Paul Hoen
Terri Minsky
February 23, 2018 (2018-02-23)
213
1.39[29]

Andi continues to be troubled by Jonah when he avoids her during Cyrus' bar mitzvah and party. Cyrus tells Andi that Jonah has not actually broken up with her, but she feels otherwise. Andi also finds out Cyrus' secret concerning Jonah, which only Buffy had known.
Later at the party, Andi, Cyrus and Buffy see a fortune teller and discover one thing about each of their futures. Buffy is the most disturbed about what she finds out and hopes it will not come true, about her mother being deployed again. After Buffy confirms her mother is home for a while, she returns to the fortune teller, who reminds her about the whole vision, which suggests she is moving.
Andi wonders about having a real boyfriend, and the fortune teller indicates she will, soon. Cyrus and Buffy think it is Jonah, but Andi is not ready to talk to him. She starts spending time with Walker, a caricature artist at the party who gives her a beautiful picture he has drawn of her. Jonah becomes jealous, not knowing who this guy is, and when he asks Cyrus and Buffy about him, they have no clue either. Andi and Jonah finally talk about what is going on, but after Andi says her feelings for him have changed, Jonah suffers a panic attack. After the party, Jonah comes over to Andi's place and despite his opposition to labels, he asks her if she will be his girlfriend, to which she replies, "um...".
Meanwhile, Bowie works on discussing Miranda with both Andi and Bex. Despite his new relationship, he tells Andi, in writing he jotted down on a napkin during the party, that he could live without the "universe", but not her.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Luke Mullen as TJ, Darius Marcell as Walker, Peggy Ann Blow as Madame Le Doux, Danny Jacobs as Norman
Note: Before the "Mack Chat" that followed this episode, Asher Angel and Trent Garrett did a "Be Inspired" PSA about what to do if someone has a panic attack.

26
14
"Better to Have Wuvved and Wost"
TBA
TBA
June 4, 2018 (2018-06-04)
215
TBD

27
15
"Perfect Day 2.0"
TBA
TBA
June 11, 2018 (2018-06-11)
216
TBD

28
16
"Truth or Truth"
TBA
TBA
June 18, 2018 (2018-06-18)
217
TBD

29
17
"A Walker to Remember"
TBA
TBA
June 25, 2018 (2018-06-25)
218
TBD


document_title: Rise of the Guardians

question_text: who talks for jack frost in rise of the guardians

text: Rise of the Guardians

text: Plot[edit]

text: Jack Frost awakens from a frozen pond with amnesia. Upon realizing no one can see or hear him, he disappears. Three hundred years later Jack, as the spirit of Winter, enjoys delivering snow days to school kids, but resents that they don't believe in him. At the North Pole, the Man in the Moon warns Nicholas St. North that Pitch Black is threatening the children of the world with his nightmares. He calls E. Aster Bunnymund, Sandy, and Tooth, to arms. They are then told that Jack Frost has been chosen to be a new Guardian. Jack is unimpressed by this position, as he still resents not being believed in, but North convinces him to aid them.

text: Visiting Tooth's world, Jack learns that baby teeth contain childhood memories of the children who lost them; Jack's teeth are included, but tells Tooth he doesn't remember. However, Pitch raids Tooth's home in order to kidnap all of her subordinate tooth fairies except Baby Tooth, whom Jack saved, so that the children's teeth can't be collected and steals all the teeth, thus preventing Tooth from sharing Jack's memories and causing children to not believe in Tooth. In order to thwart Pitch's plan, the group decides to collect children's teeth. During their journey, a quarrel between North and Bunnymund awakens a boy, Jamie. Since he still believes, he can see everybody except for Jack. Pitch's nightmares then attack, provoking Sandy as the Guardian of Dreams. Jack aids, but Sandy is killed by Pitch.

text: As Easter approaches, the dejected Guardians gather in Bunnymund's home. With the unexpected aid of Jamie's little sister, Sophie, they begin the process of painting eggs for Easter. After Jack takes Sophie home, he is lured to Pitch's lair by a voice. Pitch taunts him with his memories and fear of non-belief, distracting him long enough for Pitch to destroy the eggs, causing children to stop believing in Easter and Bunnymund. Losing his trust in the Guardians, Jack isolates himself in Antarctica, where Pitch tries to convince him to join his side. When Jack refuses, Pitch threatens to kill Baby Tooth unless Jack gives him his staff. He agrees, but Pitch breaks Jack's staff and throws him down a chasm. Unlocking his memories, he learns that he was a mortal teenager who fell into ice while saving his younger sister. Inspired, Jack fixes his staff and returns to the lair to rescue the kidnapped baby fairies.

text: Due to Pitch, every child in the world except Jamie disbelieves, weakening the Guardians. Finding Jamie's belief wavering, Jack makes it snow in his room, renewing belief and causing Jack to be seen and heard for the first time. Jack and Jamie gather the boy's friends, whose renewed belief bolsters their fight against Pitch. Pitch threatens them, but their dreams prove stronger than his nightmares, resulting in Sandy's resurrection. Defeated and disbelieved in, Pitch tries to retreat, but his nightmares, sensing his fear, turn on him and trap him in his lair. Afterward, Jamie and his friends bid goodbye to the Guardians as Jack accepts his place as the Guardian of Fun.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Chris Pine as Jack Frost, the spirit of winter.[7] Jack Frost is a teenage hellion who enjoys creating mischief and has no interest in being bound by rules or obligations; he just wants to spread his winter magic for the sake of fun, but also wants to be believed in. At the end of the film, Jack becomes the Guardian of Fun.
Jude Law as Pitch Black (The Boogeyman), the essence of fear and the Nightmare King.[7]
Alec Baldwin as North (Santa Claus), the leader of the guardians,[7] and the Guardian of Wonder. He lives at the North Pole in his Ice Castle and is served by loyal North Pole natives, the Yetis (who built the castle and workshop) and the Christmas Elves. He carries a Russian accent/culture persona.[8]
Hugh Jackman as Bunnymund (Easter Bunny), the fabled keeper and bringer of Easter eggs and the Guardian of Hope. He has an Australian accent.[7]
Isla Fisher as Tooth Fairy or Tooth for short, the mythical tooth collector and the Guardian of Memories.[7] Tooth is part human and part hummingbird. Assisted by mini fairies that are split-off extensions of herself, she collects the children's teeth, which hold their most precious memories. Tooth stores them in her palace and returns memories when they are needed the most."[9]
The Sandman, or Sandy for short, the Guardian of Dreams is the oldest of the Guardians[10] and the first Guardian chosen by Man in the Moon.[11] He does not speak, but communicates through sand images that he conjures above his head.[12]
Dakota Goyo as Jamie Bennett, a child who has not given up on believing in the Guardians.[13]
Georgie Grieve as Sophie Bennett, Jamie's little sister
Dominique Grund as Cupcake
Olivia Mattingly as Pippa

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: In 2005, William Joyce and Reel FX launched a joint venture, Aimesworth Amusements,[14] to produce CG-animated feature films,[15] one of which was set to be The Guardians of Childhood, based on Joyce's idea.[16] The film was not realized, but they did create a short animated film, The Man in the Moon, directed by Joyce, which introduced the Guardians idea,[16] and served as an inspiration for the film.[2]

text: Early in 2008, Joyce sold the film rights to DreamWorks Animation,[17] after the studio assured him it would respect his vision for the characters and that he would be involved with the creative process.[18] In November 2009, it was revealed that DreamWorks had hired Peter Ramsey to make his feature debut as director of what was then titled The Guardians, and playwright David Lindsay-Abaire to script.[19] Joyce acted as a co-director for the first few years, but left this position after the death of his daughter Mary Katherine,[17] who died of a brain tumor.[18] Joyce continued to assist as an executive producer, while Ramsey took over full directing, making him the first African American to direct a big-budget CG animated film.[20] As with some previous DreamWorks films, Guillermo del Toro came on board as an executive producer. Present almost from the beginning,[21] he was able to help shape the story, character design, theme and structure of the film.[22] He said he was proud that the filmmakers were making parts of the film "dark and moody and poetic," and expressed hope this might "set a different tone for family movies, for entertainment movies."[21] The final title, Rise of the Guardians was announced in early 2011, along with the first cast.[7]

text: Roger Deakins, the cinematographer who had already worked on the previous DreamWorks' film, How to Train Your Dragon, advised on the lighting to achieve its real look. He selected photographic references for color keys, and during the production gave notes on contrast, saturation, depth of field and light intensity.[23] The film contains a lot of special effects, particularly the volumetric particles for depicting Sandman and Pitch.[24] For this, DreamWorks Animation developed OpenVDB, a more efficient tool and format for manipulating and storing volume data, like smoke and other amorphous materials. OpenVDB had been already used on Puss in Boots and Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted, and was released in August 2012 for free as an open source project with a hope to become an industry standard.[25]

text: Although the film is based on the Joyce's book series, it contains differences from the books. The book series, begun in 2011, explains the origins of the characters, while the film takes place about 300 years after the books, and shows how the characters function in present time. Joyce explained, "Because I don't want people to read the book and then go see the movie and go, 'Oh, I like the book better,' and I also didn't want them to know what happens in the movie. And I also knew that during the progress of film production, a lot of things can change. So I wanted to have a sort of distance, so we were able to invoke the books and use them to help us figure out the world of the movie, but I didn't want them to be openly competitive to each other."[17] The idea for the Guardians came from Joyce's daughter, who asked him "if he thought Santa Claus had ever met the Easter Bunny." The film includes a dedication to her,[18] as well a song, "Still Dream," sung over the end credits.[26]

text: Originally, the film was set to be released on November 2, 2012, but DreamWorks Animation pushed the film to November 21, 2012 to avoid competition with Pixar's upcoming film Monsters University, which in turn had been pushed to November 2, 2012 to avoid competition with The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2.[27] Monsters University was then pushed to June 21, 2013, with Disney's Wreck-It Ralph taking its place.[28]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: French composer Alexandre Desplat composed the original music for the film, which was released on November 13, 2012 by Varèse Sarabande. The score was recorded in London at Abbey Road Studios and Air Studios, and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra, with a choral contribution by London Voices. David Lindsay-Abaire wrote the lyrics for the end-credit song, "Still Dream," which was performed by soprano Renée Fleming.[29] Stravinsky's Firebird Suite can also be heard during the scene where North first appears. This film marks the first time that a DreamWorks Animation film has not been composed by Hans Zimmer or a member of his Remote Control Productions family of composers (mainly John Powell, Henry Jackman, Harry Gregson-Williams or his brother Rupert Gregson-Williams).

text:
Rise of the Guardians

Film score by Alexandre Desplat

Released
November 13, 2012

Recorded
2012

Genre
Score

Length
67:47

Label
Varèse Sarabande

Producer
Alexandre Desplat

Alexandre Desplat film scores chronology

Argo
(2012)Argo2012
Rise of the Guardians
(2012)
Zero Dark Thirty
(2012)Zero Dark Thirty2012

text:
Track listing:[30]

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Still Dream" (performed by Renée Fleming)
3:12

2.
"Calling the Guardians"
2:06

3.
"Alone in the World"
2:04

4.
"Fanfare of the Elves"
0:53

5.
"Wind Take Me Home!"
1:28

6.
"Dreamsand"
2:03

7.
"Pitch on the Globe"
0:57

8.
"The Moon"
1:32

9.
"Snowballs"
1:31

10.
"Busy Workshop"
1:33

11.
"Sleigh Launch"
1:45

12.
"Nightmares Attack"
7:17

13.
"Tooth Collection"
2:22

14.
"Jamie's Bedroom"
2:31

15.
"Jack & Sandman"
4:18

16.
"Memorial"
1:21

17.
"Guardians Regroup"
0:58

18.
"Easter"
3:39

19.
"Jack Betrays"
3:20

20.
"Kids Stop Believing"
2:35

21.
"Jack's Memories"
2:24

22.
"Pitch at North Pole"
2:00

23.
"Jamie Believes"
3:01

24.
"Jack's Center"
4:52

25.
"Sandman Returns"
2:36

26.
"Dreamsand Miracles"
2:18

27.
"Oath of the Guardians"
3:11

Total length:
67:47

text: Release[edit]

text: Rise of the Guardians had its premiere on October 10, 2012, at The Mill Valley Film Festival in Mill Valley, California,[1] followed by the international premiere at The International Rome Film Festival on November 13, 2012.[31][32] Under distribution by Paramount Pictures, the film was released on November 21, 2012, in American theaters.[27] Digitally re-mastered into IMAX 3D, it was shown in limited international and domestic IMAX theaters.[33] It was the second film released in the firm Barco's Auro 11.1 3D audio format, after Red Tails.[34] The film was also shown in Dolby Atmos, a surround sound technology introduced in 2012.[35] Rise of the Guardians was the last DreamWorks Animation film distributed by Paramount, as DreamWorks has signed a five-year distribution deal with 20th Century Fox, which started in 2013 with The Croods.[6]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Rise of the Guardians was released on Blu-ray Disc (2D and 3D) and DVD on March 12, 2013.[36]

text: That was the last DreamWorks Animation home media release to be distributed by Paramount Home Entertainment, since 20th Century Fox announced its distribution agreement with DreamWorks Animation a few months before the theatrical release.[6] The film was more successful at home media sales than at the box office, having at the end of the second quarter of 2013 "the highest box office to DVD conversion ratio among major releases."[37] In the first quarter of 2013, it sold 3.2 million home entertainment units worldwide,[38] and in the second quarter 0.9 million units, for a total of 4.1 million units.[39] As of August 2013, 2 million DVDs were sold domestically.[40]

text: It was re-released on DVD on November 5, 2013 and comes with a wind-up marching elf toy.[41]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Based on 148 reviews, the film holds a rating of 74% on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "A sort of Avengers for the elementary school set, Rise of the Guardians is wonderfully animated and briskly paced, but it's only so-so in the storytelling department."[42] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 57 based on 34 reviews, or "Mixed or average."[43] The film earned an "A" from audiences polled by CinemaScore.[44]

text: Carrie Rickey of The Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars and found the film's characters to have "a primal familiarity, as though they were developed by a tag team of Maurice Sendak and Walt Disney."[45] Olly Richards of Empire wrote, "It's gorgeously designed, deftly written and frequently laugh-out-loud funny. For child or adult, this is a fantasy to get lost in."[46] The Washington Post's Michael O'Sullivan also gave the film a positive review and said, "Thoughts become things. That's the message of Rise of the Guardians, a charming if slightly dark and cobwebbed animated feature about how believing in something makes it real, or real enough."[47] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars and wrote in his review, "There's an audience for this film. It's not me. I gather younger children will like the breakneck action, the magical ability to fly and the young hero who has tired of only being a name." Though he did say, "Their parents and older siblings may find the 89-minute running time quite long enough."[48]

text: Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter called the film "a lively but derivative 3D storybook spree for some unlikely action heroes."[2] Conversely, Justin Chang in Variety said, "Even tots may emerge feeling slightly browbeaten by this colorful, strenuous and hyperactive fantasy, which has moments of charm and beauty but often resembles an exploding toy factory rather than a work of honest enchantment."[49] Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal found that the film "lacks a resonant center," and that the script, "seems to have been written by committee, with members lobbying for each major character, and the action, set in vast environments all over the map, spreads itself so thin that a surfeit of motion vitiates emotion."[50]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Rise of the Guardians grossed $103,412,758 in North America, and $203,528,912 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $306,941,670.[4]

text: In North America, the film opened to $32.3 million over its extended five-day weekend, and with $23.8 million over the three-day weekend, it reached fourth place behind The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2, Skyfall, and Lincoln. The film's opening was the lowest debut for a DreamWorks Animation film since Flushed Away.[44] While the film did gross more than double of its $145 million budget, it still did not turn a profit for DreamWorks Animation due to its high production and marketing costs, forcing the studio to take an $83 million write-down.[51] This marked the first time that the studio had lost money on an animated film since Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas.[51][52] As a result of this combined with other factors, in February 2013, the studio announced it was laying off 350 employees as part of a company-wide restructuring.[52]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The Rome Film Festival and Vanity Fair magazine awarded the new Vanity Fair International Award for Cinematic Excellence in November 2012 to Rise of the Guardians.[31] The film also received the Hollywood Animation Award at the 16th Annual Hollywood Film Festival, held on October 22, 2012.[53]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Category
Recipients
Result

African-American Film Critics Association
Best Animation

Won

Alliance of Women Film Journalists
Best Animated Female
Isla Fisher (Tooth)
Nominated

American Cinema Editors
Best Edited Animated Feature Film
Joyce Arrastia

Annie Awards[54][55]
Best Animated Feature

Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Andy Hayes, Carl Hooper, David Lipton
Won

Character Animation in a Feature Production
David Pate
Nominated

Phillppe LeBrun

Pierre Perifel

Music in an Animated Feature Production
Alexandre Desplat

Production Design in an Animated Feature Production
Patrick Hanenberger, Max Boas, Jayee Borcar
Woonyoung Jung, Perry Maple, Peter Maynez
Stan Seo, Felix Yoon

Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production
Johanne Matte
Won

Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production
Jude Law
Nominated

Editorial in an Animated Feature Production
Joyce Arrastia

Critics Choice Awards[56]
Best Animated Feature

Cinema Audio Society
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Motion Pictures Animated

Golden Globe Awards[57]
Best Animated Feature Film

Golden Reel Awards
Best Sound Editing in an Animated Feature Film

Hollywood Film Festival[53]
Best Animated Feature
Peter Ramsey
Won

International Film Music Critics Association Awards
Film Composer of the Year
Alexandre Desplat, also for Argo, Moonrise Kingdom, Rust and Bone, and Zero Dark Thirty
Nominated

Best Original Score for an Animated Feature
Alexandre Desplat
Won

Mill Valley Film Festival[58]
Audience Favorite Children's Film
Peter Ramsey

Producers Guild of America
Outstanding Producer of An Animated Theatrical Motion Picture
Nancy Bernstein, Christina Steinberg
Nominated

Satellite Awards 2012[59]
Best Animated or Mixed Media

Won

Visual Effects Society[60][61]
Outstanding Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Nancy Bernstein, David Prescott, Peter Ramsey, Christina Steinberg
Nominated

Outstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
The North Pole: Eric Bouffard, Sonja Burchard, Andy Harbeck, Peter Maynez
Nominated

Outstanding FX and Simulation Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Last Stand: Andy Hayes, Carl Hooper, Andrew Wheeler, Stephen Wood
Nominated

Women Film Critics Circle[62]
Best Family Film
Rise of the Guardians – tied with Life of Pi
Won

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the film was released by D3 Publisher on November 20, 2012 in North America,[63] and released on November 23, 2012 in Europe.[64] It allows gamers to lead the Guardians in their battle against Pitch. The game is a 3D beat-em-up, where the player travels through each of the worlds: Burgess, North Pole, Bunnymund Valley, Tooth Palace, and Sandman's Ship, to fight Pitch's army of Nightmares. The player can switch between all five guardians at any time, and freely customize their powers, and they learn new special abilities as they level up. All the game versions support up to 4 player gameplay.[65] It is available on the Wii, Wii U, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS.[66]

text: Possible sequels[edit]

text: After the release of the film, the creators of Rise of the Guardians expressed hope that the strong A- Cinemascore average for the film and an enthusiastic word-of-mouth would gather support for the "chance to make a sequel or two."[67] Author and co-producer of the series, William Joyce, also mentioned in March 2013 that he was still in talks about a sequel with DreamWorks Animation: "There is something that we are proposing that we hope they will want to do."[68]

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^ In July 2014, the film's distribution rights were purchased by DreamWorks Animation from Paramount Pictures.[69]

tag: ol


document_title: Nigerian naira

question_text: when was 50 naira currency note introduced into nigeria

text: Nigerian naira

text: History[edit]

text: The naira was introduced on 1 January 1973, replacing the pound at a rate of 2 naira = 1 pound.[2] This made Nigeria the last country to abandon the £sd currency system. There was a plan to redenominate the naira at 1 new naira = 100 old naira in 2008, but the plan was suspended. The currency sign is U+20A6 ₦ Naira sign.

text: Rampant inflation has occurred in Nigeria. The Central Bank of Nigeria claimed that they attempted to control the annual inflation rate below 10%. In 2011, the CBN increased key interest rate 6 times, rising from 6.25% to 12%. On 31 January 2012, the CBN decided to maintain the key interest rate at 12%, in order to reduce the impact of inflation due to reduction in fuel subsidies.[3]

text: As of 20 June 2016, the naira was allowed to float, after being pegged at 197 to one US dollar for several months. Trades speculated the natural range of the naira would be between 280 and 350 to the dollar.[4]

text: Coins[edit]

text: In 1973, coins were introduced in denominations of ½, 1, 5, 10 and 25 kobo, with the ½ and 1 kobo in bronze and the higher denominations in cupro-nickel. The ½ kobo coins were minted only that year. In 1991, smaller 1, 10 and 25 kobo coins were issued in copper-plated-steel, along with nickel-plated-steel 50 kobo and 1 naira. On 28 February 2007, new coins were issued in denominations of 50 kobo, 1 and 2 naira, with the 1 and 2 naira bimetallic. Some Nigerians expressed concerns over the usability of the ₦2 coin.[5] The deadline for exchanging the old currency was set at 31 May 2007.[6] The central bank stated that the ½ to 25 kobo coins were withdrawn from circulation with effect from 28 February 2007.

text:
½ kobo[7]
1 kobo[8]
5 kobo
10 kobo[9]
25 kobo[10]
50 kobo[11]
1 naira[12]
2 naira[13]

text: Banknotes[edit]

text: On January 1, 1973, the Central Bank of Nigeria introduced notes for 50 kobo, 1, 5, 10 and 20 naira. The 50 kobo notes were last issued in 1989. In 1991, 50 naira notes were issued, followed by 100 naira in 1999, 200 naira in 2000, 500 naira in 2001 and 1000 naira on October 12, 2005.

text: On February 28, 2007, new versions of the 5 to 50 naira banknotes were introduced. Originally the 10, 20 and 50 naira were to be polymer banknotes,[14] but the 5,10 and 50 were delayed to late 2009 and only the 20 was released in polymer. The notes are slightly smaller (130 × 72 mm) and redesigned from the preceding issues. In mid-2009 when Sanusi Lamido Sanusi took over as CBN Governor he eventually changed the 5, 10 and 50 naira to polymer notes.

text: On the 1000 naira notes, there is a subtle shiny strip running down the back of the note. It is a shimmery gold colour showing 1000 naira. The triangular shape in the middle of the front of the note changes its colour from green to blue when tilted. The main feature on the front is the engraved portraits of Alhaji Aliyu Mai-Bornu and Dr Clement Isong, former governors of the Central Bank of Nigeria.

text: On the first prints of the 100 naira notes issued starting December 1, 1999, Zuma Rock was captioned as located in Federal Capital Territory, while actually it is situated in Niger State. Later prints removed the reference to FCT, ABUJA.[15]

text: In 2012 the Central Bank of Nigeria may be contemplating the introduction of new currency denominations of N5,000. The bank has also made plans to convert ₦5, ₦10, ₦20 and ₦50 into coins which are all presently notes.[16]

text: The Central Bank of Nigeria has announced that it will no longer issue banknotes on polymer citing higher costs and environmental issues.[17][18][19]

text: On November 12, 2014, the Central Bank of Nigeria issued a 100 naira commemorative note to celebrate the centennial of Nigeria's existence. The notes are similar to its regular issue with the portrait of Chief Obafemi Awolowo on front, but is redesigned to include a new color scheme, revised security features, the text "One Nigeria, Great Promise" in microprinting and on the back is a quickresponse code (QRC) which when scanned leads users to a website about Nigeria's history.[20][21]

text:
[show]Currently Circulating Banknotes [1]

1999–2005 Series

Image
Value
Dimensions
Main Colour
Description
Date of

Obverse
Reverse
Obverse
Reverse
Watermark
first printing
issue

[2]
₦100
151 × 78 mm
Red and multicolour
Chief Obafemi Awolowo
Zuma Rock
As portrait(s), "CBN", value
1999
1 December 1999

[3]
₦200
Blue and multicolour
Sir Ahmadu Bello
Pyramid of agricultural commodity and livestock farming
2000
1 November 2000

[4]
₦500
Purple and multicolour
Dr. Nnamdi Azikiwe
Off-shore oil-rig
2001
4 April 2001

[5]
₦1000
Purple
Alhaji Aliyu Mai-Bornu, Dr. Clement Isong
CBN's corporate headquarters in Abuja
2005
12 October 2005

2006 Series (Paper and Polymer banknotes)

[6]
₦5
130 × 72 mm
Mauve
Alhaji Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
Nkpokiti dancers
Central Bank of Nigeria logo, "CBN"
2006
28 February 2007

[7]
₦10
Red
Mr. Alvan Ikoku
Fulani milk maids

[8]
₦20
Green
General Murtala Mohammed
Ladi Kwali

[9]
₦50
Blue
Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba men and a woman
Local fishermen

For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

text: Second naira[edit]

text: The naira was scheduled for redenomination in August 2008, although this was cancelled by then-President Umaru Musa Yar'Adua[22]), with 100 old naira to become 1 new naira. The Nigerian Central Bank stated that it will make the naira fully convertible against foreign currencies by 2009. Currently, the amount of foreign currency is regulated through weekly auctions, while the Central Bank sets the exchange rate. The naira appreciated against the dollar through 2007 due to high oil revenues. Also, the then-Bank Governor, Professor Chukwuma Soludo noted the weekly central bank auctions of foreign currency will gradually be phased out, and that the bank would "only intervene in the market as may be required to achieve defined policy objectives".[23]

text: Coins[edit]

text: Coins were to be issued in denominations of:

text:
1 Kobo (₦0.01)
2 Kobo (₦0.02)
5 Kobo (₦0.05)
10 Kobo (₦0.10)
20 Kobo (₦0.20)

text: Banknotes[edit]

text: Banknotes were to be printed in denominations of:

text:
50 Kobo (₦0.50)
1 Naira (₦1)
5 Naira (₦5):
10 Naira (₦10)
20 Naira (₦20)
50 naira (₦50)
100 naira (₦100)
200 naira (₦200)
500 naira (₦500)
1000 naira (₦1000)

50 kobo & 1 naira— are no longer in use.

text: Exchange rates[edit]

text: This table shows the historical value of one U.S. Dollar in Nigerian naira - PM = Parallel Market.[24]

text:
Date
Naira per US $
Date
Naira per US $
Date
Naira per US $

1972
0.658
1993
17.30 (21.90 PM)
2014
170-199

1973
0.658
1994
22.33 (56.80 PM)
2015
199-300

1974
0.63
1995
21.89 (71.70 PM)
2016
390-489

1975
0.616
1996
21.89 (84.58 PM)
2017
?

1976
0.62
1997
21.89 (84.58 PM)
2018
360

1977
0.647
1998
21.89 (84.70 PM)

1978
0.606
1999
21.89 (88-90 PM)

1979
0.596
2000
85.98 (105.00 PM)

1980
0.550 (0.900 PM)
2001
99-106 (104-122 PM)

1981
0.61
2002
109-113 (122-140 PM)

1982
0.673
2003
114-127 (135-137 PM)

1983
0.724
2004
127-130 (137-144 PM)

1984
0.765
2005
132-136

1985
0.894 (1.70 PM)
2006
128.50-131.80

1986
2.02 (3.90 PM)
2007
120-125

1987
4.02 (5.90 PM)
2008
115.50-120

1988
4.54 (6.70 PM)
2009
145-171

1989
7.39 (10.70 PM)
2010
148.21-154.8

1990
7.39 (10.70 PM)
2011
151.05-165.1

1991
8.04 (9.30 PM)
2012
155.09-161.5

1992
9.91
2013
153.21-162.9

text:
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document_title: The road to hell is paved with good intentions

question_text: who said road to hell is paved with good intentions

text: Origin[edit]

text: The saying is thought to have originated with Saint Bernard of Clairvaux who wrote (c. 1150), "L'enfer est plein de bonnes volontés ou désirs" (hell is full of good wishes or desires).[2]  An earlier saying occurs in Virgil's Aeneid: "facilis descensus Averno (the descent to hell is easy)".[3]

text: Meaning[edit]

text: A common interpretation of the saying is that wrongdoings or evil actions are often masked by good intentions; or even that good intentions, when acted upon, may have unintended consequences. A simple example is the introduction of an invasive species, like the Asian carp, which has become a nuisance due to unexpected proliferation and behaviour.[4]

text: Another meaning of the phrase is that individuals may have the intention to undertake good actions but nevertheless fail to take action.[5][6] This inaction may be due to procrastination, laziness or other subversive vice.[7] As such, the saying is an admonishment that a good intention is meaningless unless followed through.[8]

text: Moral certainty can be used to justify the harm done by failing policies and actions. Those with good intentions believe their practices are good for the group; it is self-evident to them. They justify collateral damage in the belief they do a greater good. The Nazi concentration camps were created to hold so-called "racially undesirable elements" of German society. The GULAG system was introduced in order to isolate disloyal elements not contributing to the dictatorship of the proletariat. The Inquisition was established to eradicate heretics in religious states. The harm done is clearly seen, and acknowledged, but is written off as a 'price worth paying'.

text: On a personal level, taking a subjectively "good action" can land one in a horrific emotional and/or physical state of being, e.g., a soldier goes off to war to fight for the subjective good of their country and ends up with  post-traumatic stress disorder.

text: Studies[edit]

text: Psychological studies of the effect of intention upon task completion by professors Peter Gollwitzer, Paschal Sheeran and Sheina Orbell indicate that there is some truth in the proverb.[9] Perfectionists are especially prone to having their intentions backfire in this way.[10]  Some[11] have argued that people are more likely to interpret their own actions as more well intended than the actions of others.

text: Attempts to improve the ethical behaviour of groups are often counter-productive.  If legislation is used for such an attempt, people observe the letter of the law rather than improve the desired behaviour.  During negotiation, groups that are encouraged to understand the point of view of the other parties are worse at this than those whose perspective is not enlightened.[citation needed]  The threat of punishment may make behavior less rather than more ethical.[12]  Studies of business ethics indicate that most wrongdoing is not due directly to wickedness but is performed by people who did not plan to err.[13]

text: Stephen Garrard Post, writing about altruism, suggests that good intentions are often not what they seem and that mankind normally acts from less worthy, selfish motives—"If the road to hell is paved with good intentions, it is partly because that is the road they generally start out on."[14]

text: Artistic references[edit]

text: Authors who have used the phrase include Charlotte Brontë, Lord Byron, Samuel Johnson,[15] Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Sir Walter Scott,[16] Søren Kierkegaard,[17] and Karl Marx.[18] Ozzy Osbourne used the term in the song "Tonight" on his album Diary of a Madman.

text: In the movie Highway to Hell, the phrase is taken literally to create one particular scene. The Good Intentions Paving Company has a team of Andy Warhols who grind good-intentioned souls into pavement.  "I was only sleeping with my husband's boss to advance his career", says one.[19] The figurative meaning of the phrase is a big part of the plot too, as several characters offer help to the two protagonists on the Road to Hell, but all of them have ulterior motives.

text: Pink used the phrase in her 2006 song Dear Mr. President to refer to the No Child Left Behind Act.

text: Madonna uses this line in her 2008 single "4 Minutes," featuring Justin Timberlake and Timbaland, off her eleventh studio album Hard Candy.[20]


document_title: Love It or List It

question_text: where is love it or list too filmed

question_tokens: where is love it or list too filmed

text: Love It or List It

text: Format[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Every episode of Love It or List It follows the same formula. A couple (usually, but not in all cases) presents their living situation in the current house that they own. In most episodes, the couple is split on whether or not they want to stay in the house.

text: Interior designer Hilary Farr and real estate agent David Visentin tour the couple's home before meeting with them. The tour usually consists of David finding mostly negative things to say about the residence while Hilary is convinced that she can work magic with whatever plans she is given.

text: At the meetup between the couple and the hosts of the show, both Hilary and David are briefed as to what the couple's desires are. Hilary is given a list of renovations the couple wants for the current house and her budget for the entire project. David, meanwhile, is tasked with searching for a new home for the couple that both meets their needs and stays within their desired budget.

text: Common challenges faced by Hilary are an inadequate budget to complete the entire request list from the homeowners, often due to discovery of unforeseen issues with the house that are uncovered during the renovation such as lack of compliance with modern building codes. Common issues for David, meanwhile, depend on the homeowners' desires; for instance, the couple has children enrolled in the neighborhood school and they do not desire to change, or the potential house is too distant from family members or a workplace.

text: After Hilary's renovation is complete, the homeowners are given a tour of their current home to see what she was able to accomplish. After the tour, David meets with them and hands them an evaluation of the home's current market value following the renovations. He will then remind the couple what they could have in one of the new homes they looked at and that they would not get that in their current home.

text: After a moment to deliberate, Hilary and David pose a question to the homeowners. They must choose to either Love It, meaning that they will continue to live in their current home with the renovations, or to List It, meaning that they will buy one of the homes David showed them and sell their current home. After they reveal their decision, the homeowners explain their reasoning to Hilary and David (who, if they decided to Love It, reacts with incredulity) before bidding them farewell.

text: Host and crew[edit]

text: Hosts

text:
Hilary Farr – Hilary Farr is a home designer from Toronto, Ontario.  She has lived in Australia, England, California, and New York City. Farr honed her skills on properties in Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, New York and Toronto. When she first moved back to Toronto, she became the first designer to "stage" properties for sale. She continues to build and design homes in the downtown core where she herself owns properties.[3]
David Visentin – David Visentin is a real estate agent in Southern Ontario with Country Living Realty Limited.  He has been practicing since 1987.[4]

text: Assistant Designer

text: Desta Ostapyk (Canadian episodes) – Desta is a Toronto-based designer who graduated in 2004 from the Toronto International Academy of Design and Technology in Interior Design, and has since focused on a career in the Television Industry. She first started working with Big Coat Productions during her last semester of school as an intern for HGTV's hit series My Parents House. She soon became the Design Stylist for the show.[5]

text: Contractors

text:
Eric Eremita (North Carolina episodes) – General contractor and designer Eric Eremita was selected to be the one and only general contractor on HGTV's "Love It or List It" U.S. version, after HGTV network took notice of him when he competed in its "Brother vs. Brother" reality show.
Eddie Richardson (Canadian episodes) – Eddie Richardson was a contractor on Love It or List It who started his own family business.  Richardson has also been a pro-beach volleyball player and professional bass fisherman.
Fergus McLaren (Canadian episodes) – Fergus McLaren started up his own construction company, R-Mac Solutions, 10 years ago.

text: Behind the Scenes

text:
Architect: Simon West
Senior Production Coordinator: Linda Johnstone
Construction Coordinator: David Violante
Construction Assistants: Chris Blinn, Adam Dalgarno, Ahren Mrowietz, Dale George
Design Coordinator: Kaaveh Shoman

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season

Start date

End date

Episodes

Hilary wins

David wins

1

September 8, 2008

January 5, 2009

12

9

3

2

April 6, 2009

December 7, 2009

18

10

8

3

May 3, 2010

November 8, 2010

21

9

12

4

March 14, 2011

November 11, 2011

19

12

7

5

February 20, 2012

November 19, 2012

18

10

8

6

January 19, 2013

July 1, 2013

14

8

6

7

January 8, 2014

April 9, 2014

14

11

3

8

September 8, 2014

January 19, 2015

16

8

8

9

March 9, 2015

December 7, 2015

22

13

9

Total

154

90

64

text: Victories for Hilary are families or clients who decided to love their home and stay. Victories for David are families and clients who decided to list and move into a new or better home.

text: Franchise[edit]

text: Love It or List It has spawned five spinoffs. The first,[6] known as Love It or List It Vancouver (or Love it or List it Too in the US), was launched in winter 2012 and is hosted by Jillian Harris and Todd Talbot. The second spin-off, a British version known as Love It or List It UK, debuted in 2015,[7] is hosted by Kirstie Allsopp and Phil Spencer. The third spin off, Love It or List It Vacation Homes[8] debuted in spring 2016 and is hosted by Dan Vickery and Elisa Goldhawke. A fourth spin off, Vendre ou renover au Quebec debuted in January 2017 and is hosted by Maika Desnoyers and Daniel Corbin.[9] The fifth spin off, Love It Or List It Australia debuted in September 2017 and is hosted by Andrew Winter and Neale Whittaker.[10]

text: International syndication[edit]

text:
Country / Region

Name

Television Network

Dubbing / Subtitles

Australia

Love It or List It

Lifestyle Home

N/A

Canada

Love It or List It

W Network

N/A

USA

Love It or List It

HGTV[11]

N/A

Spain

Tu casa a juicio

Divinity

Spanish

Brazil

Ame-a ou Deixe-a

Discovery Home & Health

Portuguese

Norway

Bolighjelpen

TV 2 (Norway)

Norwegian

Bulgaria

Podnovi ili proday

Fox Life (Bulgaria)

Bulgarian

Italy

Prendere o lasciare

Cielo

dubbed in Italian

Poland

Pokochaj lub sprzedaj Vancouver

WP

lector

text: Reception[edit]

text: On August 31, 2010, Love It or List It was nominated for two Gemini Awards: Best Reality Program or Series and Best Direction in a Reality Program or Series. When HGTV premiered the show on the network, the company stated that Love It or List It has been the highest rating reality series since Candice Olson's Candice Tells All.[12]

text: In 2012, New York Times' columnist Gail Collins noted that it was US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's favorite TV show.[13][14] According to Collins, Clinton finds the show "very calming"[15] after being interviewed about her departure from politics.[16][17][18]

text: In a 2013 interview with Las Vegas Magazine, Vanna White from Wheel of Fortune said it was one of her favourite HGTV programs.[19] Actress Julianne Moore also gave similar praise for the show in an interview with Katie Couric and the Daily Mail.[20][21]

text: According to the Wall Street Journal, the show and its Vancouver spinoff is one of Canada's beloved reality series.[22]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: In April 2016, homeowners Deanna Murphy and Tim Sullivan who had participated in a 2015 Love It or List It episode filed suit against production company Big Coat TV, as well as the North Carolina contractor (Aaron Fitz Construction)[23] who had been hired by the show to do the renovations on their home. The couple alleges that the renovation funds that they provided were not properly disbursed, and that the work on their home was done to a substandard quality.[24] Moreover, the lawsuit states that the television personalities on the show do not play an active role in the renovation process, and that they were not shown homes on the market by any licensed North Carolina real estate agent. Big Coat TV has commented that they "do intend to vigorously defend what [they] consider to be false allegations."[25]

text: The suit was settled in April 2017.[26] The plaintiffs had signed a confidentiality agreement; their lawyer would not comment on the settlement.[27] Big Coat had previously filed a countersuit for libel, slander and product disparagement; parts of that suit had been dismissed by the time of the settlement but that was under appeal by Big Coat. After the agreements had been concluded, both suits were dismissed.[28]