document_title: The Good Doctor (TV series)

question_text: who plays dr kalu on the good doctor

question_tokens: who plays dr kalu on the good doctor

text: The Good Doctor (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series follows Shaun Murphy, a young surgeon with autism and savant syndrome from a small town, Casper, Wyoming, where he had a troubled childhood. He relocates to join the prestigious surgical department at San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital.[3]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Freddie Highmore as Shaun Murphy: A surgical resident with autism and savant syndrome.[4] His savant abilities include near-photographic recall and the ability to note minute details and changes. He is portrayed in flashbacks to his teen years by Graham Verchere.[5]
Nicholas Gonzalez as Neil Melendez: Attending Cardiothoracic surgeon in charge of surgical residents.[4] He is also engaged to Jessica Preston.
Antonia Thomas as Claire Browne: A surgical resident who forms a special connection with Shaun.[6]
Chuku Modu as Jared Kalu: A surgical resident from a wealthy family.[7]
Beau Garrett as Jessica Preston: The hospital in-house attorney and Vice President of Risk Management. She is the granddaughter of the hospital founder and a friend of Dr. Glassman.[8][9] She is also engaged to Dr. Melendez.
Irene Keng as Elle McLean: A resident (appeared only in the pilot)[10][11]
Hill Harper as Marcus Andrews: Chief of surgery and board member.[10]
Richard Schiff as Aaron Glassman: President of the San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital, who has been a mentor and good friend of Shaun since he was 14.[12][13]
Tamlyn Tomita as Allegra Aoki: Chairman and Vice President of the foundation that controls the hospital.[14]

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Dylan Kingwell as Steve Murphy: Shaun's younger brother (in flashbacks).[5] He also portrays Evan Gallico, a boy in the present that resembles Shaun's brother and is suffering from stage 4 Osteosarcoma.
Paige Spara as Lea, Shaun's neighbor and love interest .[15]
Eric Winter as Matt Coyle: A young doctor who charms the hospital's staff, until he gets in an awkward position with one of them.[16]

text: Notable guests[edit]

text:
Jasika Nicole as Carly[17]
Eve Gordon as Nurse Fryday[17]
Christina Chang as Dr. Audrey Lim
Marsha Thomason as Isabel Andrews: Marcus' wife.[18]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"Burnt Food"
Seth Gordon
David Shore
September 25, 2017 (2017-09-25)
11.22[19]

On the way to begin his surgical residency at San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital, Dr. Shaun Murphy witnesses an airport sign fall and shatter glass onto a young boy. Another doctor is first on the scene and begins applying pressure to the child's neck. Shaun tells him that he's pressing on the wrong part of the neck for a child. With his unique ability to visualize the internal body and using improvised methods and tools, Shaun is able to stabilize the boy. On the way to the hospital, Shaun notices that the boy's vitals have changed. Hospital staff are alerted to the arrival of the boy. Shaun tries to tell the doctors about the boy's vitals, stating that he needs an echo-cardiogram. The doctors disagree and begin surgery. While operating, something goes wrong and Claire Browne, a surgical resident, recalls Shaun mentioning an echo. Thanks to Shaun's diagnosis, the boy's life is saved. Meanwhile, in a hospital board meeting, Dr. Aaron Glassman, president of the hospital, tries to convince the board to hire Shaun, despite his autism. Flashbacks give us a picture of Shaun's childhood and his motivation for becoming a doctor.

2
"Mount Rushmore"
Mike Listo
David Shore
October 2, 2017 (2017-10-02)
10.93[20]

Shaun arrives late to the hospital on his first full day. Dr. Melendez is doing rounds with Dr. Claire Brown and Dr. Jared Kalu. Melendez calls out Shaun for arriving late. Rounds are interrupted when a nurse tells them a consult is needed in the emergency room. A middle aged woman, Stephanie, has been brought in with abdominal pain. Looking at the scan, Shaun says she has a Sarcoma - a malignant tumor. Dr. Melendez assigns Claire as his number two for the surgery while giving Shaun "scut work" - all the work that residents hate doing. On the operating table, the doctors find the tumor is much bigger than expected and has encased all of her arteries. Looking at biopsy results, the residents find out that she is suffering from Leiomyosarcoma, making surgery seemingly impossible. Shaun"s ability to visualize the internal organs allows him to figure out that removing one of her kidneys would allow a better look, enough to view and possibly remove the mass. To Claire's dismay, Dr. Kalu suggests Shaun's idea to his attending; getting the credit for the idea. Meanwhile, Shuan's attention to detail in his "scut" work gets him into trouble. Instead of releasing patients ready for discharge, Shaun rechecks them, and orders additional tests. Upon learning this, Melendez assigns Nurse Freydey as Shaun's "boss" for the day. Later, in looking at a young girls test results (she was sent home), Shaun realizes what's really wrong and races to her home. The parents are angry that he's bothering them after midnight and at first refuse to let him in. Shaun insists he will not leave before seeing their daughter. His diagnosis is correct, and they must rush her to the hospital for surgery to save her life.

3
"Oliver"
John Dahl
Bill Rotko
October 9, 2017 (2017-10-09)
10.69[21]

Shaun and Claire fly to San Francisco Municipal Hospital to get a patient a liver. They can't fly on their way back due to fog and are forced to use a police escort. Problems keep coming one after the other; first, the liver's temperature went above the required maximum, forcing them to have a sudden stop at a local store, where they cool it by submerging it in slush. As they proceed with their journey, Shaun discovers that the liver has a clot. With only two hours of viability left, the duo decide to perform an operation on the way in order to remove the clot and flash the left lobe, to protect it from the ice bath. Back at San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital, Chuck, the recipient of the liver, is discovered to have alcohol in his system; a likelihood that he might be moved to the bottom of the list. Chuck later confesses that he actually took a drink on his daughter's graduation. In order to protect its reputation and the future patients, the hospital decides to move Chuck to the bottom of the list. To their dismay, Shaun and Claire arrive back, only to find out that the liver has to be taken to another patient in another hospital.

4
"Pipes"
Steven DePaul
Thomas L. Moran
October 16, 2017 (2017-10-16)
10.60[22]

Through an ultrasound, an expectant woman's baby is diagnosed with a tumor at his tail bone; the mom has Antiphospholipid syndrome, making surgery a high risk. Dr. Melendez suggests termination of the pregnancy but Shaun interjects by suggesting clotting pre-operatively with an infusion of unfractionated heparin. Things are further complicated when the woman and eventually her husband refuse to terminate the baby. During surgery, there is a complication; a blood clot at the artery in her heart. Dr. Kalu has an idea that they should stop her heart and put her on a bypass machine for the duration of the surgery; that way she won't have an heart attack, which turns out to be successful and the doctors reveal she's carrying a baby boy. With a patient needing a boil lanced, Dr. Melendez assigns Shaun and Dr. Browne on the case, as a punishment for being late. The patient turns out to be a pornographic actress; she doesn't have a boil but a large Bartholin gland abscess and they prep her for surgery the following day. They successfully drain the abscess but discover that she has a Perineal myoma underneath. The fabroid tumor is wrapped around the nerve that facilitates feeling in her genitals. Therefore, the doctors have to remove the tumor but they have to sever the nerve; hence, losing all feeling in her genitals. Shaun comes up the idea of grafting the distal end of the pudendal nerve to the branch of the femoral cutaneous nerve from her inner thigh; this will lead to her losing feeling in her thigh while preserving feeling in her genitals.

5
"Point Three Percent"
Larry Teng
David Hoselton
October 23, 2017 (2017-10-23)
10.39[23]

Shaun notices a young boy with an indubitable resemblance to his deceased brother Steve, forming a bond with him. The boy's name is actually Evan and was brought to the hospital by his parents for reportedly breaking an arm; unbeknownst to Evan, he is in fact suffering from stage 4 Osteosarcoma. Shaun later suspects that he might have been misdiagnosed with cancer but indeed was suffering from Langerhans cell histiocytosis. In order not to give both Evan and his parents false hopes, Shaun decides to lie, attempting to perform a bone marrow aspiration, but he is caught red-handed by the parents. Subsequently, Evan starts coughing out blood, sending him to the OR. While on the operating table, Dr. Neil Menendez and Dr. Claire Browne discover that the cancer had metastasized, undoubtable proof that he is indeed suffering with terminal cancer. The other doctors are trying to find a prognosis of a 55-year old man, brought to the hospital by his estranged son, with an allergy causing him to have convulsions. Dr. Browne later finds out that the man is suffering from Echinococcus, a cyst form of tapeworms. Saddened by Evan's fate, which Evan has in fact known about the whole time, Shaun reads Evan the final few pages of To Kill a Mockingbird, a book of Steve's that he never finished reading before he died.

6
"Not Fake"
Michael Patrick Jann
Simran Baidwan
October 30, 2017 (2017-10-30)
10.60[24]

Shaun and the rest of the residents are working the graveyard shift when numerous casualties from a wedding bus crash come in. Among the victims are a woman with severe, visible burns, on whom Dr. Kalu tries an experimental procedure, and a young man with a damaged leg who can either have it amputated, or have an artificial bone inserted. The relative newness of the latter procedure causes a conflict between the man's parent and his soon-to-be bride.

7
"22 Steps"
David Straiton
Johanna Lee
November 13, 2017 (2017-11-13)
10.14[25]

Shaun encounters Liam, an autistic patient brought in to San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital. Having to face prejudice from the young man's parents, Dr. Melendez defends him for the first time and acknowledges his exceptional abilities. On Dr. Glassman's directive, Claire continues her therapy sessions in order to curb her guilt over the death of a patient she inadvertently caused in the previous episode. On the other hand, Dr. Kalu gets a 73-year-old man with severe chest pains thus needing urgent medical attention and a pacemaker but his desire is to die; in order to give him hope on life, Dr. Kalu does everything he can to have him accept treatment, to no avail in which the latter finally lets him sign the DNR.

8
"Apple"
Nestor Carbonell
David Renaud
November 20, 2017 (2017-11-20)
9.97[26]

While shopping at a grocery mart for apples, a robbery takes place. With Shaun's communication limitations, he puts the lives of two customers on a first date at risk, leading to a young woman getting shot. Shaun's neighbor Lea hugs him after he admits that he made a mistake with someone getting hurt. During surgery, Dr. Lim questions Claire's ability to not let her emotions get the better of her because of a racist patient. This leads to a fight between the two with Dr. Lim ordering Claire to leave the operating room. Claire puts her emotions in check to save the life of the racist patient much to the satisfaction and delight of Dr. Lim.

9
"Intangibles"
Bronwen Hughes
Karen Struck
November 27, 2017 (2017-11-27)
9.25[27]

The team takes on the case of a young boy from the Congo who has severe congenital heart anomalies; Murphy's latest encounter with his neighbor Lea has him confused. He takes flirting lessons from Dr. Browne and notes and charts what he sees in regards to the "flirting trifecta". Meanwhile, Dr. Browne along with a lab tech search for a tissue sample from a woman with possible throat cancer.

10
"Sacrifice"
Michael Patrick Jann
Lloyd Gilyard Jr.
December 4, 2017 (2017-12-04)
9.03[28]

In Glassman's office Shaun sees the therapist hired to help him with in-home visits. He reluctantly agrees to meet with her, but changes his mind after meeting a new patient, Bobby Ato, who convinces him to stop letting people tell him what to do. Ato is a champion gamer, who is in St. Bonaventure for surgery to repair torn ligaments in his left arm. After an MRI, cancer is discovered, making an additional surgery much more complicated and results in doubt. Shaun avoids meeting with his therapist by sleeping in the hospital custodian's closet at night. Finally, a confrontation with Glassman in the hospital lobby leads to a meltdown by Shaun, causing him to strike Glassman in the face and run out of the hospital. Meanwhile, Claire runs into an uncomfortable situation with a new doctor, Dr. Matt Coyle, who makes unwanted sexual advances toward her. After telling Jared about it, he confronts the doctor and physically threatens him. As a result, Jared is fired. Later, Dr. Melendez and Jessica have dinner with her father. In a tense situation, Melendez criticizes Mr. Preston as living off his money instead of contributing to society. When Preston offers to pay for their wedding so Jessica can quit her job and start a family, an angry Melendez calls him a "parasite." The next day Melendez apologizes to Jessica for his remarks and learns that she doesn't want to have children.

11
"Islands Part One"[29]
TBA
TBA
January 8, 2018 (2018-01-08)
TBD

12
"Islands Part Two"[29]
TBA
TBA
January 15, 2018 (2018-01-15)
TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In May 2014, CBS Television Studios began development on an American remake of the hit South Korean medical drama Good Doctor with Daniel Dae Kim as producer. Kim explained the appeal of adapting the series as "something that can fit into a recognizable world, with a breadth of characters that can be explored in the long run".[30] The story of a pediatric surgeon with autism was to be set in Boston and projected to air in August 2015.[31][32] However, CBS did not pick up the project and it moved to Sony Pictures Television, with a put pilot commitment from ABC in October 2016. The series is developed by David Shore, who is executive producing alongside Kim, Sebastian Lee, and David Kim.[33] ABC officially ordered the series to pilot in January 2017.[34]

text: On May 11, 2017, ABC ordered the show to series as a co-production with Sony Pictures Television and ABC Studios,[35] and it was officially picked up for a full season of 18 episodes on October 3, 2017.[36]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On February 17, 2017, Antonia Thomas was cast as Dr. Claire Browne, a strong-willed and talented doctor who forms a special connection with Shaun.[6] A week later, Freddie Highmore was cast in the lead role as Dr. Shaun Murphy, a young surgeon with autism; and Nicholas Gonzalez was cast as Dr. Neil Melendez, the boss of the surgical residents at the hospital.[4] The next month, Chuku Modu was cast as resident Dr. Jared Unger;[7] Hill Harper as head of surgery Dr. Horace Andrews; Irene Keng as resident Dr. Elle McLean;[10] and Richard Schiff was cast as Dr. Ira Glassman, President of the San Jose St. Bonaventure Hospital and mentor to Shaun.[12] He was shortly followed by Beau Garrett as hospital board member Jessica Preston and a friend of Dr. Glassman.[9] With the series order in May, Modu's character was revealed to have changed to Dr. Jared Kalu; Harper's character changed to Dr. Marcus Andrews; and Schiff's character changed to Dr. Aaron Glassman.[35] In September 2017, Tamlyn Tomita was promoted to the principal cast as Allegra Aoki.[14]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Production on the pilot took place from March 21 to April 6, 2017 in Vancouver, British Columbia.[38][39] Filming for the rest of the season began on July 26, 2017, and is set to conclude on March 1, 2018.[40] Although The Good Doctor is set in San Jose, California, the real San Jose is rarely seen.[41] In one of those scenes, a helicopter supposedly bound for San Francisco was clearly headed in the wrong direction.[41]

text: Music[edit]

text: Dan Romer serves as the primary composer for the series.[42]

text: Release[edit]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The Good Doctor began airing on September 25, 2017, on ABC in the United States,[43] and on CTV in Canada.[44] Sky Living acquired the broadcast rights for the United Kingdom and Ireland.[45] Seven Network airs the series in Australia.[46] . Wowow, the largest Japanese private satellite and pay-per-view television network in Japan acquired the rights to broadcast the series beginning in April 2018. [47]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A full length trailer was released for ABC's May 2017 Upfront presentation, which /Film's Ethan Anderton described the concept as feeling like "House meets Rain Man, that just might be enough to make it interesting". However, he questioned "how long can audiences be entranced by both the brilliance of [Highmore's] character's savant skills and the difficulties that come from his autism in the workplace."[48] Daniel Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter felt the trailer was "both kinda progressive and really dated". He added, "Too much felt on-the-nose—especially Hill Harper as the main character's detractor and Richard Schiff as his noble defender", while also commentating that "On-the-nose/premise is how you have to trailer a show like this, and maybe spaced out over 43 minutes it won't grate."[49] Ben Travers and Steve Greene for IndieWire called it "a serious trailer for a serious subject. The first glimpse of Highmore's character hints that they're toeing the line between presenting a thoughtful depiction of his condition and using his perceptive abilities as a kind of secret weapon."[50] The trailer had been viewed over 25.4 million times after a week of its release, including over 22 million views on Facebook.[51]

text: The pilot was screened at ABC's PaleyFest event on September 9, 2017.[52]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Burnt Food"
September 25, 2017
2.2/9
11.22[19]
2.2
7.86
4.4
19.21[53]

2
"Mount Rushmore"
October 2, 2017
2.2/9
10.93[20]
2.1
7.21
4.3
18.12[54]

3
"Oliver"
October 9, 2017
2.0/7
10.69[21]
2.2
7.53
4.2
18.22[55]

4
"Pipes"
October 16, 2017
2.0/8
10.60[22]
2.1
7.34
4.1
17.96[56]

5
"Point Three Percent"
October 23, 2017
1.8/7
10.39[23]
2.0
7.10
3.8
17.50[57]

6
"Not Fake"
October 30, 2017
1.9/7
10.60[24]
2.0
6.93
3.9
17.51[58]

7
"22 Steps"
November 13, 2017
1.9/7
10.14[25]
1.9
6.92
3.8
17.14[59]

8
"Apple"
November 20, 2017
1.8/7
9.97[26]
1.8
6.98
3.6
16.99[60]

9
"Intangibles"
November 27, 2017
1.7/7
9.25[27]
1.8
6.66
3.5
15.91[61]

10
"Sacrifice"
December 4, 2017
1.7/7
9.03[28]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: The series premiere earned a 2.2/9 rating in the 18- to 49-year-old demographic, with 11.22 million total viewers, making it the most watched Monday drama debut on ABC in 21 years, since Dangerous Minds in September 1996, and the highest rated Monday drama in the 18–49 demographic in 8.5 years, since Castle in March 2009.[62] Factoring live plus seven-day ratings, the pilot was watched by a total of 19.2 million viewers and set a record for DVR viewers with 7.9 million, surpassing the record of 7.67 million set by the pilot of Designated Survivor in 2016.[63] According to TV Guide's November 13-26 issue, the October 9 episode attracted 18.2 million viewers, beating out both NCIS and The Big Bang Theory for the most viewed primetime show that week.[64]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 55% approval rating with an average rating of 5.35/10 based on 38 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "The Good Doctor's heavy-handed bedside manner undermines a solid lead performance, but under all the emotionally manipulative gimmickry, there's still plenty of room to improve."[65] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 53 out of 100 based on 15 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[66]

text: Giving his first impression of the series' pilot for TVLine, Matt Webb Mitovich stated, "The Good Doctor boasts great DNA... [and] has the potential to be a refreshingly thought-provoking hospital drama, based on the buttons pushed in the pilot alone." He enjoyed the "warm dynamic" of Schiff and Highmore, while describing Thomas' character as "our emotional 'in' to Shaun's distinct, distant world". He noted that "it takes a while to build up momentum", but concluded that "the very final scene packs quite a punch, as Dr. Murphy unwittingly puts a colleague on notice".[67]

text: The New York Times television critic, James Poniewozik notes in his Critic's Notebook column, that for the most part the drama is a "hospital melodrama with whiz-bang medical science, a dash of intra-staff romance and shameless sentimentality." Discussing the main characters of Dr. Aaron Glassman (Richard Schiff) and Dr. Shaun Murphy (Freddie Highmore), however, Poniewozik writes that "Mr. Schiff is convincing in the role and Mr. Highmore is striking in his." [68]

text: Speaking of Freddie Highmore's Golden Globe nomination on Monday, December 11, 2017, for his role in The Good Doctor, Laura Bradley, writing for Vanity Fair (magazine) says: "... Freddie Highmore received the awards recognition that has long and unjustly eluded him..." Bradley feels that Highmore's perfomance has been "the central key" to the show's enormous success and while the show had lukewarm reviews, most critics have praised Highmore's work. [69]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2018
Golden Globe Awards
Best Actor – Television Series Drama
Freddie Highmore
Pending
[70]


document_title: Ananias of Damascus

question_text: who prayed for saul to regain his sight

question_tokens: who prayed for saul to regain his sight

root

text: Ananias of Damascus

text: New Testament narrative of Ananias[edit]

text: According to Acts 9:10, Ananias was living in Damascus. In Paul's speech in Acts 22, he describes Ananias as "a devout man according to the law, having a good report of all the Jews" that dwelt in Damascus (Acts 22:12). According to F. F. Bruce, this indicates that he was not one of the refugees from the persecution in Jerusalem described in Acts 8:1.[3]

tag: p

text: Healing of Saul[edit]

text: During his conversion experience, Jesus had told Saul (who was then called Paul) to go into the city and wait. Jesus later spoke to Ananias in a vision, and told him to go to the "street which is called Straight", and ask "in the house of Judas for one called Saul, of Tarsus". (Acts 9:11) Ananias objected that Saul had been persecuting "thy saints", but the Lord told him that Saul was "a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel". (Acts 9:15). When Ananias went in to Saul and laid his hands on him, the "scales" of dead tissue on the surface of his eyes fell off, and he looked up at Ananias. After additional instruction, Saul was baptized. (Acts 9:18; 22:16)

text: Biblical status by modern scholars[edit]

text: According to Roderick L. Evans, Ananias was a prophet despite being mentioned as a disciple. In his opinion on New Testament prophets, biblical figures who receive a message from God or reveal future events are considered prophets despite alternative titles such as apostle or disciple.[4] Anglican priest and theologian Edward Carus Selwyn recognized Ananias as a prophet as well as the seventy disciples and the apostles allocated with different tasks.[5] F. F. Bruce suggests that Ananias "has an honoured place in sacred history, and a special claim upon the gratitude of all who in one way or another have entered into the blessing that stems from the life and work of the great apostle."[6] Ananias is also listed by Hippolytus of Rome and others as one of the Seventy Disciples whose mission is recorded in Luke 10:1-20.[7] According to Catholic tradition, Ananias was martyred in Eleutheropolis.[8]

text: Roman Martyrology[edit]

text: In the 2004 edition of the Roman Martyrology, Ananias is listed under 25 January as a saint commemorated on the same day as the Feast of the Conversion of St Paul.[9]


document_title: United States federal judge

question_text: why can salaries for federal judges not be reduced by congress

text: United States federal judge

text: Powers and duties[edit]

text: The primary function of the federal judges is to resolve matters brought before the United States federal courts. Most federal courts in the United States are courts of general jurisdiction, meaning that they hear both civil and criminal cases falling within their jurisdiction. District Court judges are recognized as having such authority as is needed to dispose of matters brought before them, ranging from setting the dates for trials and hearings to holding parties in contempt or otherwise sanctioning them for improper behavior.

text: Tenure and salary[edit]

text: "Article III federal judges" (as opposed to judges of some courts with special jurisdictions) serve "during good behavior" (often paraphrased as appointed "for life"). Judges hold their seats until they resign, die, or are removed from office. Although the legal orthodoxy is that judges cannot be removed from office except by impeachment by the House of Representatives followed by conviction by the Senate, several legal scholars, including William Rehnquist, Saikrishna Prakash and Steven D. Smith, have argued that the Good Behaviour Clause may, in theory, permit removal by way of a writ of scire facias filed before a federal court, without resort to impeachment.[1]

text: Since the impeachment process requires a trial by the United States Senate, and since the constitutional provision concerning federal judges' tenure cannot be changed without the ratifications of three-fourths of the states, federal judges have perhaps the best job security available in the United States. Moreover, the Constitution forbids Congress to diminish a federal judge's salary. Twentieth-century experience suggests that Congress is generally unwilling to take time out of its busy schedule to impeach and try a federal judge until, after criminal conviction, he or she is already in prison and still drawing a salary, which cannot otherwise be taken away (see Nixon v. United States, a key Supreme Court case about Congress's discretion in impeaching and trying federal judges).

text: As of 2015, federal district judges are paid $201,100 a year, circuit judges $213,300, Associate Justices of the Supreme Court $246,800 and the Chief Justice of the United States $258,100. All were permitted to earn a maximum of an additional $21,000 a year for teaching.[2]

text: Chief Justice John Roberts has repeatedly pleaded for an increase in judicial pay, calling the situation "a constitutional crisis that threatens to undermine the strength and independence of the federal judiciary".[3] The problem is that the most talented associates at the largest U.S. law firms with judicial clerkship experience (in other words, the attorneys most qualified to become the next generation of federal judges) already earn as much as a federal judge in their first year as full-time associates.[4] Thus, when those attorneys eventually become experienced partners and reach the stage in life where one would normally consider switching to public service, their interest in joining the judiciary is tempered by the prospect of a giant pay cut back to what they were making 10 to 20 years earlier (adjusted for inflation). One way for attorneys to soften the financial blow is to spend only a few years on the bench and then return to private practice or go into private arbitration, but such turnover creates a risk of a revolving door judiciary subject to regulatory capture.

text: Thus, Chief Justice Roberts has warned that "judges are no longer drawn primarily from among the best lawyers in the practicing bar" and "If judicial appointment ceases to be the capstone of a distinguished career and instead becomes a stepping stone to a lucrative position in private practice, the Framers' goal of a truly independent judiciary will be placed in serious jeopardy."[3]

text: Duty station[edit]

text: Each federal judge serves at a particular "duty station" for the duration of his or her federal service. This is important because of the relationship among several federal statutes. First, 28 U.S.C. § 456(a) entitles federal judges to reimbursement of transportation and "subsistence" expenses incurred while transacting official business away from their duty stations. Section 456 also prescribes that the District of Columbia is the duty station of all members of the U.S. Supreme Court, the D.C. Circuit, the Federal Circuit, and the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.

text: Second, there are several reasons for why a federal judge would need to transact official business outside of their regular courthouse. 28 U.S.C. §§ 291 and 292 authorize a broad variety of temporary reassignments of circuit and district judges, both horizontally (i.e., to other circuits or districts) and vertically (so that a district judge can hear appeals and a circuit judge can try cases). Many federal judges serve on administrative panels like the judicial council for their circuit or the Judicial Conference of the United States. Some of the larger circuit courts like the Ninth Circuit hold regular sessions at multiple locations, and randomly select three-judge panels to hear appeals from all sitting circuit judges regardless of duty station. (Videoconferencing is sometimes now used to reduce the burden of frequent travel on circuit judges.)

text: Discipline[edit]

text: The discipline process of federal judges is initiated by the filing of a complaint by any person alleging that a judge has engaged in conduct "prejudicial to the effective and expeditious administration of the business of the courts, or alleging that such judge is unable to discharge all the duties of the office by reason of mental or physical disability."[5] If the chief judge of the circuit does not dismiss the complaint or conclude the proceedings, then he or she must promptly appoint himself or herself, along with equal numbers of circuit judges and district judges, to a special committee to investigate the facts and allegations in the complaint. The committee must conduct such investigation as it finds necessary and then expeditiously file a comprehensive written report of its investigation with the judicial council of the circuit involved. Upon receipt of such a report, the judicial council of the circuit involved may conduct any additional investigation it deems necessary, and it may dismiss the complaint.[6]

text: If a judge who is the subject of a complaint holds his or her office during good behavior, action taken by the judicial council may include certifying disability of the judge. The judicial council may also, in its discretion, refer any complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 351, along with the record of any associated proceedings and its recommendations for appropriate action, to the Judicial Conference of the United States. The Judicial Conference may exercise its authority under the judicial discipline provisions as a conference, or through a standing committee appointed by the Chief Justice.

text: Retirement[edit]

text: Once a judge meets age and service requirements he or she may retire and will then earn his or her final salary for the remainder of his or her life, plus cost of living increases. The "Rule of 80" is the commonly used shorthand for the age and service requirement for a judge to retire, or assume senior status, as set forth in Title 28 of the U.S. Code, section 371(c). Beginning at age 65, a judge may retire at his or her current salary, or take senior status, after performing 15 years of active service as an Article III judge (65 + 15 = 80). A sliding scale of increasing age and decreasing service (66 + 14, 67 + 13, 68 + 12, 69 + 11) results in eligibility for retirement compensation at age 70 with a minimum of 10 years of service (70 + 10 = 80).[7][8][9]

text: Under section 376 a survivor's annuity to benefit the widow, widower or minor child of the judge may be purchased via a deduction of 2.2% to 3.5% from the retirement benefit.[10]

text: Number of judges[edit]

text: The total number of active federal judges is constantly in flux, for two reasons. First, judges retire or die, and a lapse of time occurs before new judges are appointed to fill those positions. Second, from time to time Congress will increase (or, less frequently, decrease) the number of federal judgeships in a particular judicial district, usually in response to shifting population numbers or a changing workload in that district.

text: As of May 2012, a total of 3,294 individuals had been appointed to federal judgeships, including 2,758 district court judges, 714 courts of appeals judges, 95 judges to the now-extinct circuit courts, and 112 Supreme Court justices. This adds up to 3,679 total appointments; a substantial number of appellate judges (including Supreme Court justices) had previously served on the lower court bench.[11]

text: There are currently 874 authorized Article III judgeships: nine on the Supreme Court, 179 on the courts of appeals, nine on the Court of International Trade and 677 for the district courts.[12] Although the number of Supreme Court justices has remained the same for well over a century, the number of court of appeals judges has more than doubled since 1950, and the number of district court judges has increased more than three-fold in that period.[11]

text: Non-Article III judges[edit]

text: Unlike the judges of Article III courts, non-Article III judges are appointed for specified terms of office. Examples include United States magistrate judges and judges of the United States bankruptcy courts, United States Tax Court, United States Court of Federal Claims, and United States territorial courts. Although the term "non-Article III judges" is used to describe the absence of tenure and salary protection, bankruptcy courts are formally designated as divisions of U.S. District Courts, whose district judges are Article III judicial officers. Moreover, in Freytag v. Commissioner, 501 U.S. 868 (1991), the Supreme Court concluded that the judges of the U.S. Tax Court (and their special trial judges) exercise a portion of "the judicial power of the United States."


document_title: List of best Major League Baseball season win-loss records

question_text: what is most wins in an mlb season

question_tokens: what is most wins in an mlb season

text: Season records[edit]

text: The following teams finished the season with a .700 winning percentage or higher.

text: Since the season was expanded to 162 games in 1961, only two teams have managed a winning percentage greater than .700 (which requires 114 wins).  These two are the 1998 New York Yankees and the 2001 Seattle Mariners.

text:
NL = National League
AL = American League
AA = American Association

text:
Season

Franchise

League

Wins

Losses

Pct.

Games Played

Finish

1906
Chicago Cubs
NL
116
36
.763
152
Lost 1906 World Series

1902
Pittsburgh Pirates
NL
103
36
.741
139
National League Champions

1886
Chicago White Stockings
NL
90
34
.726
124
National League Champions

1909
Pittsburgh Pirates
NL
110
42
.724
152
Won 1909 World Series

1954
Cleveland Indians
AL
111
43
.721
154
Lost 1954 World Series

2001
Seattle Mariners
AL
116
46
.716
162
Lost 2001 ALCS

1927
New York Yankees
AL
110
44
.714
154
Won 1927 World Series

1886
Detroit Wolverines
NL
87
36
.707
123
2nd place in National League

1897
Boston Beaneaters
NL
93
39
.705
132
Lost 1897 Temple Cup

1907
Chicago Cubs
NL
107
45
.704
152
Won 1907 World Series

1931
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
107
45
.704
152
Lost 1931 World Series

1998
New York Yankees
AL
114
48
.704
162
Won 1998 World Series

1887
St. Louis Browns
AA
95
40
.704
135
Lost 1887 World Series

1939
New York Yankees
AL
106
45
.702
152
Won 1939 World Series

tag: table

text: Other teams[edit]

text: Prior to 1886, teams played .700 ball or better over shorter schedules, where there is much less of the "evening out" effect of a lengthier season.

text: For example, the Chicago White Stockings won the National League's first pennant in 1876 with a 52-14 record (.788), and won the 1880 NL pennant with a 67-17 record (.798), which stands as the overall percentage record between the National or the American League. The White Stockings' 1880 record would project to a record of 129-33 under the modern schedule of 162 games, while Pythagorean expectation based on the White Stockings' results (538 runs scored, 317 runs allowed) and a 162-game schedule would translate to a record of 120-42.

text: The all-time best single season record belongs to the Cincinnati Red Stockings, who posted baseball's only perfect record at 67-0 (57-0 against National Association of Base Ball Players clubs) in 1869. Their record would stretch to 81-0 across the 1870 season before losing 8-7 in eleven innings to the Brooklyn Atlantics in Brooklyn on June 14.[1][2]

text: The second-best record belongs to the 1875 Boston Red Stockings of the National Association, who finished with a record of 71-8 (.899), but the status of the National Association as a major league has long been disputed. The Red Stockings record would project to 146-16 under the modern schedule of 162 games, while Pythagorean expectation based on the Red Stockings results (831 runs scored, 343 runs allowed) and the modern 162-game schedule would translate to a record of 138-24.

text: The National Association folded at the end of 1875, and the Red Stockings, who had won the last four pennants, joined the National League for 1876, being renamed the Red Caps. The team went 39-31 for a fourth-place finish in 1876 before winning the 1877 and 1878 pennants with records of 42-18 and 41-19.

text: The third-best record belongs to the St. Louis Maroons of the 1884 Union Association, who finished with a record of 94-19 (.832), but the Union Association was quite lopsided in talent distribution (team owner Henry Lucas was also league president, an obvious conflict-of-interest situation which is now banned, and bought all the best available players for his franchise), generally disorganized (six teams played close to full schedules, another four teams folded and one relocated during the course of the season), and poorly scheduled. The Maroons' record would project to 135-27 under the modern schedule of 162 games, while Pythagorean expectation based on the Maroons' results (887 runs scored, 429 runs allowed) and a 162-game schedule would translate to a record of 131-31, but these results are of questionable merit.

text: The Union Association folded at the end of 1884, and the Maroons joined the National League for 1885. Playing against stiffer competition, they went 36-72 in 1885, and 43-79 in 1886, finishing in last and sixth in both seasons. In 1887, the Maroons relocated to Indianapolis and became the Indianapolis Hoosiers, playing three more seasons below .500 before folding.


document_title: Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman

question_text: who played ingrid on dr quinn medicine woman

text: Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman

text: Plot[edit]

text: The series begins in the year 1867 and centers on a proper and wealthy female physician from Boston, Massachusetts, Michaela Quinn (Seymour), familiarly known as "Dr. Mike". After her father's death, she sets out west to the small wild west town of Colorado Springs, to set up her own practice. She makes the difficult adjustment to life in Colorado with the aid of rugged outdoorsman and friend to the Cheyenne, Byron Sully (Joe Lando) and a midwife named Charlotte Cooper (played by Diane Ladd). After Charlotte is bitten by a rattlesnake, she asks Michaela on her deathbed to look after her three children: Matthew, Colleen, and Brian. Dr. Mike settles in Colorado Springs and adapts to her new life as a mother, with the children, while finding true love with Sully. Furthermore, she acts as a one-woman mission to convince the townspeople that a female doctor can successfully practice medicine.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Jane Seymour – Dr. Michaela Quinn - Sully
Joe Lando – Byron Sully
Chad Allen – Matthew Cooper Sully Quinn
Erika Flores – Colleen Cooper Sully Quinn  (seasons 1 - 3)
Jessica Bowman –  Colleen Cooper Sully Quinn - Cook ( mid-season 3 – 6)
Shawn Toovey –  Brian Cooper Sully Quinn

text: Supporting[edit]

text:
Orson Bean – Loren Bray
Jim Knobeloch – Jake Slicker
Frank Collison – Horace Bing
William Shockley – Hank Lawson
Geoffrey Lower – Rev. Timothy Johnson
Henry G. Sanders – Robert E.
Larry Sellers – Black Hawk (pilot), Cloud Dancing
Jonelle Allen – Grace
Nick Ramus – Chief Black Kettle (seasons 1-3)
Heidi Kozak – Emily Donovan (season 1)
Gail Strickland – Olive Davis (season 1)
Jennifer Youngs – Ingrid (seasons 1–4)
Helene Udy – Myra Bing (seasons 1–4; guest: season 5)
Haylie Johnson – Becky Bonner (seasons 1–6)
Barbara Babcock – Dorothy Jennings (seasons 2–6)
Georgann Johnson – Elizabeth Quinn (seasons 2–6)
Alley Mills – Marjorie Quinn (seasons 2–6)
Elinor Donahue – Rebecka Quinn Dickinson (seasons 2–6)
Charlotte Chatton – Emma (seasons 4 & 5)
Michelle Bonilla – Teresa Morales (season 5)
Alex Meneses – Teresa Morales Slicker (season 6)
Brandon Douglas – Randolph Cummings (episode 4.16), Dr. Andrew Cook (seasons 4–6)
Jason Leland Adams – George Armstrong Custer (seasons 2 & 3), Preston A. Lodge III (seasons 4–6)
John Schneider – Red McCall (episode 1.09), Daniel Simon (seasons 5 & 6)
Brenden Jefferson – Anthony (season 4)
Brandon Hammond – Anthony (seasons 5 & 6)
Ben Murphy - Ethan Cooper (seasons 1-3)

text: Guest stars[edit]

text:
Edward Albert – Dr. William Burke (episode 2.06)
David Beecroft – Sergeant Terence McKay (episodes 5.25, 26; 6.1–3, 11)
Verna Bloom – Maude Bray (pilot)
Guy Boyd – Loren Bray (pilot)
David Carradine – Houston Currier (episode 5.20)
June Carter Cash – Sister Ruth (episodes 2.05, 3.09, 5.16)
Johnny Cash – Kid Cole (episodes 1.05, 2.05, 3.09, 5.16)
Maxwell Caulfield – Andrew Strauss/David Lewis (episode 2.24)
Denise Crosby – Isabelle Maynard (episode 4.25)
Robert Culp – Dr. Elias Jackson (episode 1.07)
Steven Culp – Peter Doyle (episode 5.21)
Jon Cypher – Preston A. Lodge II (episode 5.10)
Kristin Davis – Carey McGee (episode 3.09)
Laura Flynn Boyle - Hat Trick Lady (episode 4.03)
Zach Galligan – Chester Barnes (episode 6.12)
Megan Gallivan – Abigail Bray Sully (episode 2.3)
Joseph Gordon-Levitt – Zach Lawson, Hank's son (episode 1.15)
Dorian Harewood - Sgt. Zachary Carver (episode 2.17)
Jerry Haynes – Mr. Royce (episodes 6.8, 9)
Christine Healy – Dr. Miriam Tilson (episode 4.22)
Richard Herd – Dr. John Hansen (episodes 2.6, 7)
James Keach – Brent Currier (episode 5.20)
Stacy Keach, Sr. – Judge Webster (episodes 5.3, 7, 14)
Diane Ladd – Charlotte Cooper (pilot, episode 2.11)
Matt Letscher – Tom Jennings, Dorothy's son (episode 2.19)
Anne Lockhart – Maureen (episodes 2.6, 7)
Barbara Mandrell – Gilda St. Clair (episode 5.04)
Colm Meaney – Jake Slicker (pilot)
Richard Moll – John (episodes 3.06, 3.28, 3.29)
Willie Nelson – Marshall Elias Burch (episodes 5.09, 6.19)
Ivory Ocean – Robert E. (pilot)
David Ogden Stiers – Theodore Quinn (episode 5.15)
Tom Poston – Mysterious 'Dead Man' (episode 2.03)
Andrew Prine – Thaddeus Birch (episode 1.09)
Fred Rogers – Reverend Thomas (episode 4.19)
Kenny Rogers – Daniel Watkins (episode 1.16)
Richard Roundtree – 'Barracuda' Jim Barnes (episode 6.21)
Nick Tate – Martin 'Avishominis' Chesterfield (episode 6.18)
Travis Tritt – Zachary Brett (episode 4.14)
Casper Van Dien – Jesse (episodes 3.3, 4)
Ray Walston – Lucius Slicker (episode 5.08)
Jane Wyman – Elizabeth Quinn (episode 1.03)
Trisha Yearwood – Choir Director (episode 3.10)

text: Production[edit]

text: Production notes[edit]

text: The pilot episode was shot in early 1992 and aired in a two-hour television special on New Year's Day 1993. CBS aired a second, hour-long episode the next night in order to attract and maintain the audience's attention. The pilot served more as a made-for-television movie – or mini-series suggestion – which could either be developed later into a full series or remain as a stand-alone two-hour movie. CBS ordered the show picked up immediately for the full season. However, the show made some imperative casting changes. Several pilot leads and a few of the supporting cast were replaced. Henry Sanders was recast as Robert E. in place of Ivory Ocean as a less folksy hard-nosed working man; Orson Bean replaced Guy Boyd as a more fatherly, cynically-comical Loren Bray; and Colm Meaney was replaced by Jim Knobeloch, a much younger, attractive, and contemptuously stoic Jake Slicker. Likewise, Larry Sellers's character, a Cheyenne brave called Black Hawk (listed under the closing credits as such) who played an auxiliary role as one of Chief Black Kettle's aides and spoke only their language, was quietly retooled into Cloud Dancing, Sully's blood brother and a major recurring character, who, in addition to aiding Black Kettle, plays a large role in quelling the tribulations of the Cheyenne and other neighboring tribes. He also acquired the ability to speak English, allowing him to act as a liaison alongside Sully. His character's name was never spoken on-screen during his first appearance, which can cause viewers to inadvertently re-interpret this look-alike as Cloud Dancing's first appearance before his formal debut.

text: Casting[edit]

text: Veteran actress Jane Seymour, labeled a mini-series "queen", was a last-minute casting choice for Michaela Quinn after reading the script only a day before production was set to begin on the pilot. She was instructed beforehand to review the script and make a decision of whether or not she felt the role was right for her, and, if so, that she truly wanted to commit to the strict contract Sullivan had demanded for the title character. The next day she began the wardrobe fittings for the series.

text: Colleen portrayer changes[edit]

text: There were various cast changes of minor characters during the series. The most controversial change took place during the show's third season, when the character of Colleen Cooper was recast halfway through the year.[citation needed] Unlike the other actors, who signed five-year contracts with the show, Erika Flores was hesitant. She asked to be offered a contract of less than five years. Rumors circulated that Flores's father gave her an ultimatum to end the contract unless they offered her more money, or he would cut her off financially. Flores has denied such rumors, saying that she left the series for personal reasons and to pursue other opportunities.

text: Beth Sullivan decided that she wanted the character to continue instead of being killed off or sent away. As a result, Jessica Bowman was cast as the new Colleen in Flores's place. Some of Erika Flores's fans were quite vocal in their anger over the change and wrote to CBS demanding to know why the actress had been replaced. The producers of the show felt that Jessica Bowman had the ability to successfully recreate the character on her own.

text: Other cast changes[edit]

text: Numerous cast changes occurred throughout the series, although none was as significant. Most notable was the replacement of Jane Wyman as Michaela's mother, Elizabeth Quinn. Wyman signed on to play the role for the third episode of Dr. Quinn in season one. Later Wyman turned down an invitation to return for another guest appearance in season two, as she had retired completely from acting by this stage (her previous appearance in season one marked her final acting role of any kind). Georgann Johnson was hired to replace Wyman in the role and continued throughout the remainder of the series, making one guest appearance each season and appearing in the final Dr. Quinn television movie.

text: Michelle Bonilla originated the role of Theresa Morales in season five and was replaced by Alex Meneses in season six. Bonilla was abruptly let go for reasons that were never publicly stated. Meneses's portrayal was well received and she was featured throughout the sixth season, when her character fell in love with Jake Slicker.

text: The role of Anthony (Grace and Robert E.'s adopted son) was played by Brenden Jefferson for four episodes in season four. He was replaced by Brandon Hammond, who continued in the role throughout seasons five and six.

text: Jennifer Youngs did not begin playing Ingrid until the character's second appearance; the first time the character appeared, she was played by Ashley Jones.

text: Themes[edit]

text: Dr. Quinn was best known for its large, supporting cast, and its high-concept storytelling. The series often used its semi-historical setting as a vehicle to address issues of gender and race within the community. For example, one episode took on homophobia when the famous poet Walt Whitman came to town. Religion played a somewhat minor role in the series, but was also used to address certain issues and new ideas.

text: In the season-three finale, "For Better or Worse", Michaela and Sully were married during a special two-hour episode. During season four, Seymour's real-life pregnancy was written into the show. The following season saw the birth of Michaela and Sully's daughter, Katie.

text: Broadcast history[edit]

text: During its entire original run on CBS, the show aired from 8–9 pm Eastern time on Saturday nights. It was the last successful TV Western drama to date until the premiere of Deadwood on HBO in March 21, 2004, and the premiere AMC Western series Hell on Wheels on November 6, 2011; and also one of the last original series to find long-term success in a Saturday timeslot.[citation needed]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Dr. Quinn was one of the few dramatic shows that allowed fans full access to their filming sets at the Paramount Ranch in Agoura Hills, California. Fans were permitted, often invited, to watch episodes being shot each week. Cast members were known to speak with their fans and sign autographs during shooting breaks. During the show's final season run, an official website was established, which remains active. Two fans went on to create the Dr. Quinn Times, a newsletter in which interviews with the cast, producers, directors, and technical specialists were conducted and distributed to fans, twice each year.

text: Seymour and Barbara Babcock were the only cast members to receive Emmy nominations for their work on the series. Seymour was nominated several times during the series' run, while Babcock received a single nomination in 1995 for the episode entitled "Ladies' Night". Her character, Dorothy Jennings, underwent a mastectomy.

text: The show did win many technical awards, as well as hair and make-up honors.[citation needed] Seymour also won a Golden Globe in 1996 for her portrayal of Michaela Quinn.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
U.S. ratings
Rank

1
1993
N/A
#19

2
1993–94
13.46 million
#25

3
1994–95
10.7 million
#49

4
1995–96
9.6 million
#55

5
1996–97
8.5 million
#58

6
1997–98
11.7 million
#51

text: Demographics change and cancellation[edit]

text: The show was a major hit in the United States for CBS and drew large ratings even though it aired on Saturday nights. Despite the high ratings, CBS claimed that the demographics changed during the show's run. During its final season, the majority of Dr. Quinn's viewers were women 40 years of age and older, and not the male and female 18-to-49 demographic that networks try to reach. In response, CBS ordered the writers to give the show a slightly darker feel than in previous seasons. As a result, season six was darker than any previous season, with the death of several characters as well as some highly sensitive subject matter: the painful miscarriage of Michaela's second child, as well as an episode entitled Point Blank, where Michaela was shot by a man and then later developed post-traumatic stress disorder. Many fans did not like the changes, while others felt that the tensions and high drama benefited the show after the overall pleasant past seasons. Despite these opposing opinions, the ratings still proved to be steady and consistent (finishing at #51 for the year). The series was suddenly canceled in 1998 after its sixth season.[1] Despite this, the series concluded on a bookend by seeing Colleen marry Andrew and prepare to embark as a doctor in her own right, following her adoptive mother's footsteps.

text: There is still an active fan club for William Shockley, who played Hank Lawson on the show, known as "Hank's Hussies." In January 2014, they attended a red carpet movie premiere together in Nashville for his new movie.

text: Post-series[edit]

text: Syndication[edit]

text: The show has enjoyed strong ratings in reruns. Dr. Quinn was one of the rare instances of a show entering rerun syndication in the middle of a TV season. It debuted reruns in most American markets on Monday, December 30, 1996, just two days shy of the show's 4th anniversary. With 4 seasons being the minimum requirement for syndication pickup, Dr. Quinn reruns could have started at the more traditional launch date of September 1996, but the show's distributor, like many, had an additional minimum episode limit in order for the show to be eligible for syndication. This episode count was not reached until several episodes into Dr. Quinn's fifth season (1996–1997), and since stations had already purchased the show at the beginning of that season, the distributor decided not to hold off until the next fall and let the stations start airing reruns right away.

text: When PAX TV launched in August 1998, it acquired reruns of current family-friendly series from CBS, including Dr. Quinn. Because dedicated Dr. Quinn fans were angered by the show's cancellation by CBS that year, these national reruns via PAX helped relieve the blow, especially in markets where local stations were not airing reruns in syndication.

text: Until late 2005, the Hallmark Channel aired it daily, but in late 2005 Hallmark removed Dr. Quinn from its lineup, citing a drop in viewership. It is also believed that the high cost in Dr. Quinn distribution rights played a role in its removal. Dr. Quinn continues to be seen throughout the world and has been translated to several languages.

text: Starting in June 2009, the Gospel Music Channel began airing Dr. Quinn weekdays at 5:00 and 6:00. More recently Vision TV Canada began airing Dr Quinn week nights at 6PM AT. It also airs on CHNU10 in the Lower Mainland of BC, Canada, at 3 PM PST Weekdays. It has also been shown continuously in Denmark since 2001, with plans on to keep it at its daily broadcast time of 1:00, Monday to Friday, on Danish TV station, tv2.

text: Since the last movie in 2001, many of the show's cast members have expressed interest in reprising their roles and would like to do another reunion movie, or even a new season. Jane Seymour, Joe Lando, Chad Allen, and other cast members have stated they would all like to work together again and would reprise their Dr. Quinn roles if the opportunity arises.[citation needed]  The show's creator, Beth Sullivan, has also stated her interest in writing another Dr. Quinn movie.[citation needed]

text: In 2003, A&E Network managed to buy the distribution rights for Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman from CBS. All six seasons plus the two made-for-TV movies have been released on DVD. The series appears on the GMC Network. GMC aired all the series episodes, including the season-six episodes not shown in a decade, during the summer of 2010. Joe Lando did several teasers and promotions for the weekend marathons, and says he finds GMC's ad campaign "funny", saying: "Truthfully, I haven't had that many opportunities to make fun of Sully. No one's really found me that funny. But it's fun to do it now. GMC came up with a great ad campaign. My kids were entertained by it and my wife got a kick out of it."[2]

text: Movies[edit]

text: Dr. Quinn: Revolutions[edit]

text: The cancellation of Dr. Quinn caused a massive fan uproar, the likes of which had not been seen since Star Trek in the 1960s.[3] CBS decided that instead of producing another season, as the cost involved was deemed too high, it would instead produce a TV movie. In May 1999, one year after its cancellation, CBS aired Dr. Quinn: Revolutions, a television movie special, set in 1877. However, the actual date should have been 1875, two years following the final episode, which would have been in 1873. In this TV movie, Katie Sully, now age 4, is kidnapped, and Dr. Mike and Sully, with help from some townsfolk, embark on a desperate search for their missing daughter in Mexico. Fans were delighted that a special movie was being produced, but they were not altogether impressed with its overall concept. The movie was very different in tone from the rest of the series, incorporating more guns and violence in an effort to please the twenty-something male audience demographics. Furthermore, both Jessica Bowman and Chad Allen declined appearances in that episode, due to its content, and William Olvis' entire score was scrapped in favor of more cost-effective music that was completely unlike that of the original series.

text: Fans were shocked to find a Dr. Quinn episode that did not include the main title sequence or theme. Moreover, the script, acting, and interpretations of the original characters came across as unfamiliar and very unlike their portrayals in the series. Beth Sullivan was so furious with CBS's control over the whole project that she declined any involvement. It was critically panned and failed in the ratings. Following this backlash from having excessive creative say over the film, CBS profoundly softened its involvement with the next attempt to produce a TV movie.

text: Dr. Quinn: The Heart Within[edit]

text: A second TV movie entitled Dr Quinn: The Heart Within, aired in May 2001. The movie was set a year after Revolutions, making it 9 years since the first episode of Dr. Quinn in the year 1876. This time around, CBS gave Beth Sullivan total creative control; however, there were some strong ground rules. To save money, the movie had to be filmed in Canada, and only the principal cast could be involved. Jane Seymour also served as an executive producer. The plot revolved around Michaela and the Sully family returning to Boston to attend Colleen's graduation from Harvard Medical School. Having transferred from The Women's Medical College to the male dominated university since the series finale, Colleen has met harsh criticism from the board as well as from Andrew's father, who resents the fact that she continues to pursue medicine, despite his misgivings. Unfortunately, Michaela's mother, Elizabeth, has fallen ill due to a heart condition, and eventually passes, leaving her entire estate to Michaela to establish a hospital back in Colorado Springs, echoing the demise of her father at the very beginning of the series. Colleen soon finds herself in a situation similar to the one her mother, Michaela, had just nine years earlier – in the same Bostonian sector — in that she is not respected or taken seriously as a woman doctor.

text: The movie is a proper finale to the series, depicting the now-adult Cooper children's farewell to Colorado Springs, and finding their new futures in Boston, while Michaela and Sully inevitably return to Colorado Springs to begin a new chapter in their own, now older, adult lives.

text: While this movie was far better received by fans, they did complain that more of the townspeople and original supporting cast were not involved, due to CBS's demands, as well as the last-minute absence of Chad Allen's Matthew (Allen had declined after learning that none of his original supporting costars were offered any appearances). Despite these criticisms, the movie was a success. It was filmed in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

text: Historical facts and filming information[edit]

text:
While much of Dr. Quinn was fictional, some of the events and people were based on historical fact:
Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania actually existed and is today part of Drexel University College of Medicine.
The Sand Creek Massacre in 1864 was referred to in the pilot episode (though it was historically inaccurate as the pilot took place in 1867).
Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, and Chief Black Kettle, are true historical figures.
The Battle of Washita River, seen in the third-season episode Washita, was an actual historical event. In the show, the battle took place in 1869 in Colorado, while in fact it took place in the fall of 1868 in Oklahoma.
In what most consider the final episode of the series, the town's often-antagonist banker, Preston A. Lodge III, went bankrupt as a result of the great stock market crash, caused by the Panic of 1873, a historically-accurate event. Lodge lost much of the townspeople's money along with his own, in the Panic.
The episode The Body Electric features Walt Whitman, who was a poet and a true historical figure.
One of the major historical oversights of the show is that Colorado Springs was not technically founded until 1871, by General William Palmer, and was mainly a resort town. There were no saloons, as Palmer declared Colorado Springs to be alcohol-free. Colorado Springs stayed "dry" until the end of Prohibition in 1933. However, nearby towns, including Old Colorado City and Manitou Springs did permit saloons.
Dr. Quinn was largely filmed at the western set on Paramount Ranch in Agoura Hills. Fans of the show were able to visit the sets, talk to the actors, and watch episodes being shot during its six-year run. Since Dr. Quinn ended, the ranch has been used numerous times for other filming projects. Numerous buildings, including the church, Sully's homestead, the school house, and the Spring Chateau Resort, were leveled soon after the series was canceled. However, the entire town still remains. Despite minor changes over the years, it is still recognizable as the Dr. Quinn set, and is a popular tourist attraction for many fans today.
Other areas used throughout the series were the back lot at Universal Studios in Hollywood, including the New England street as the location of Quinn family home; and the New York streets, doubling as the streets of Boston and Washington. The setting of Boston in the final movie was filmed in Canada, using various locations in Old Montreal.
William Olvis wrote the underscoring music for the series, except for a few episodes in season one (where he either alternated with Star Trek spin-off series composer David Bell, or co-scored with Bell) and the Revolutions movie.
Jane Seymour's husband, James Keach, directed and produced numerous episodes of the show, and guest starred in the season 5 episode entitled, "The Hostage."
Due to child labor laws, the role of Katie, Dr. Mike and Sully's young daughter, was portrayed by identical triplets: Alexandria, McKenzie, and Megan Calabrese.
Jane Seymour is the only cast member who appeared in every episode of the series. Shawn Toovey missed only one episode as did Chad Allen, who also did not appear in episode titled "Reunion" (Season 4), as well as the two made-for-TV movies. Joe Lando came in third, missing only a few episodes in the sixth and final season.
Starting in season 5, several episodes featured real world trivia relevant to the episode's context, usually about medical knowledge. These segments would appear at the end of the episode in the form of white text on a black background, narrated by Jane Seymour. In the episode "A Place to Die", the inclusion of the trivia was particularly significant because it revealed that Dr. Mike's practice was besieged by a staph infection, a malady that was completely unknown at the time. No one, Dr. Mike, included, actually figured out what was behind this mysterious blight, which killed several of her patients and forced her to fumigate the building and cremate everything inside, including some irreplaceable keepsakes.
In the earliest episodes of the series, Shawn Toovey was still losing his baby teeth and spoke with a noticeable lisp until his permanent teeth grew in.

text: Other media[edit]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: A&E Home Video has released all six seasons of Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman on DVD in Region 1. It has released also the two television movies that were made after the series ended.

text: In Region 2, Revelation Films has released all six seasons on DVD in the UK. The two TV-movies were released separately, the first was entitled Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman – The Movie and the second was entitled Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman – The Heart Within.

text:
DVD name

Ep #

Release dates

Region 1

Region 2

Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman: The Complete Season One

17

May 27, 2003

March 20, 2006

Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman: The Complete Season Two

24

September 30, 2003

June 19, 2006

Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman: The Complete Season Three

25

March 30, 2004

March 26, 2007

Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman: The Complete Season Four

27

October 26, 2004

June 18, 2007

Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman: The Complete Season Five

26

January 25, 2005

October 22, 2007

Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman: The Complete Season Six

22

July 26, 2005

March 10, 2008

Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman: The Movies

2

June 27, 2006

March 8, 2010July 19, 2010

Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman: The Complete Series

151

October 20, 2009

October 4, 2010

text: Novels[edit]

text: There were several books based on the series written by as follows. Some of them were also released abroad, including in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Hungary, and Poland.

text: The books by Dorothy Laudan were originally released in Germany and have never appeared in an English version. However, it was these books that were most commonly translated into other languages. The series of nine covers most of the series, although the episodes on which they are based were shortened and some scenes were left out or were mentioned only briefly.

text:
No.

Title

Year

Notes

Dorothy Laudan[4]

1.
Dr. Quinn – Ärztin aus Leidenschaft
1995
based on the episodes: 1.01 "Pilot", 1.02 "Epidemic", 1.03 "The Visitor", 1.11 "The Prisoner", 1.06 "Father's Day" and 1.12 "Happy Birthday"

2.
Dr. Quinn – Ärztin aus Leidenschaft, Sprache des Herzens
1995
based on the episodes: 2.01 "The Race", 1.13 "Rite of Passage", 1.15 "The Operation", 2.02 "Sanctuary", 2.03 "Halloween", 2.04 "The Incident", 2.06–07 "Where the Heart Is" and 2.09 "Best Friends"

3.
Dr. Quinn – Ärztin aus Leidenschaft, Zwischen zwei Welten
1996
based on the episodes: 2.13 "The Offering", 2.15 "Another Woman", 2.16 "Orphan Train", 2.22–23 "The Abduction", 2.24 "The Campaign" and 2.26–27 "Return Engagement"

4.
Dr. Quinn – Ärztin aus Leidenschaft, Was ist Liebe?
1996
based on the episodes: 3.02 "Fathers and Sons", 3.03–04 "Cattle Drive", 3.09 "Money Trouble", 3.11–12 "Ladies Night", 3.14 "Indian Agent", 3.17–18 "Cooper vs. Quinn", 3.19 "What is Love?"

5.
Dr. Quinn – Ärztin aus Leidenschaft, Auf immer und ewig
1996
based on the episodes: 3.20 "Things My Father Never Taught Me", 3.23 "The Permanence of Change", 3.24–25 "Washita", 3.26 "Sully's Recovery", 3.27 "Ready or Not", 3.28–29 "For Better or Worse"

6.
Dr. Quinn – Ärztin aus Leidenschaft, Die Geschichte von Sully und Abigail
1997
Michaela and Sully are finally happily married. It seems nothing will stand in their way until Michaela finds in their new house some old keepsakes from Sully's late first wife. Sully eventually decides to tell her about his dramatic childhood and what happedned after his parents' death.

7.
Dr. Quinn – Ärztin aus Leidenschaft, Eine Frau geht ihren Weg
1998
Sully is worried about Michaela who clearly seems to be bothered by something. When all the children are out of home, Sully makes her talk and she starts talking about her father and her former fiancé David.

8.
Dr. Quinn – Ärztin aus Leidenschaft, Ein neues Leben
1998
based on the episodes: 4.04 "Brother's Keeper", 4.06" Dorothy's Book", 4.10 "One Touch of Nature" and others

9.
Dr. Quinn – Ärztin aus Leidenschaft, Zeit der Erwartung
1999
based on the episodes: 4.11 "Hell on Wheels" and others

Dorothy Laudan[5]

1.
Dr. Quinn, Ärztin aus Leidenschaft, Büffeljagd
1997
based on the episode 3.01 "The Train"

2.
Dr. Quinn, Ärztin aus Leidenschaft, Tödliches Wasser
1997
based on the episode 1.07 "Bad Water"

3.
Dr. Quinn, Ärztin aus Leidenschaft, Das Geheimnis
1997
based on the episode 1.16 "The Secret"

4.
Dr. Quinn, Ärztin aus Leidenschaft, Die Macht der Liebe
1998
based on the episode 2.05 "Saving Souls"

Teresa Warifield[6]

1.
Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman
1996
Young Michaela Quinn is determined to become a doctor, but she faces many obstacles in her hometown of Boston. Her perseverance will fuel her dreams throughout childhood and medical school. And one day it will even lead her to America's untamed frontier.

2.
Dr. Quinn Medicine Woman: The Bounty
1997
When scheming bounty hunter George Hagan returns to town in pursuit of a fugitive whom he claims is being sheltered by the local Pawnee, it is up to Michaela Quinn and her husband, Sully, who must confront his own past, to stop him before he ignites a war.

3.
Dr. Quinn Medicine Woman: Growing Pains
1998
Settling of the once-limitless West gives Colorado Springs a new problem—overcrowding. Boarding houses are overflowing, saloons are rowdier, and Dr. Quinn has too many patients to count. And because of this new flow of patients, she has to find someone to take care of her little girl. As arguments escalate over how to control the swarms of citizens without damaging new-found freedoms, Dr. Mike can tell that if the chaos isn't calmed soon, she'll have to find a cure for this town's growing pains.

Colleen O'Shaughnessy McKenna[7]

1.
Dr. Quinn Medicine, Woman, No 1: New Friends
1995
Unable to understand why the troublesome Laura McCoy has been causing problems for her lately, Colleen Cooper tries to keep her distance, until both girls are thrust together in a strange town and forced to stick together.

2.
Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman, No 2: Queen of the May
1996
When Dr. Mike gets overly busy with seasonal flu cases, Colleen decides to keep her school problems to herself, a situation that teaches her a lesson in communication when things spiral out of control.

Becky H[8]

1.
Vanished
2011
When David is wounded in the war, Michaela rushes to her fiance's side to nurse him back to health. The happy couple soon marry and start a family in Boston, but David's battle scars go much deeper when he develops a powerful addiction to morphine. Michaela soon finds she and her young children are trapped in a cycle of terrible violence. The only way out could be to leave David forever and hide in a far-away land out West. Could a kind stranger and his young daughter be their only hope?

text: Spin-off[edit]

text: In 1997, there were plans of making a spin-off series centered around the Hank Lawson character. Some of the other regular Dr. Quinn characters, including the ones of Jane Seymour, Joe Lando, Jim Knobeloch, Frank Collison and Orson Bean, were in as well.

text: It was directed by Jerry London, with Robert Brooks Mendel as the first assistant director, Timothy O. Johnson as the executive producer, and Beth Sullivan as the producer. The rest of the cast members were Laura Harring (Christina Guevara), Edward Albert (Ted McKay), James Brolin (Sheriff), Eddie Albert (Ben McKay), Carlos Gómez (Father Thomas Guevara) and John Saxon (Rafael Guevara).[9]

text: The show was titled California and only the pilot episode was filmed. It remains unclear whether it has ever aired on television. It was available on YouTube for a time, but has since disappeared, except for a couple of clips.