document_title: List of Cleveland Browns seasons

question_text: how many championships did the cleveland browns win

text: List of Cleveland Browns seasons

text: The Cleveland Browns were a charter member club of the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) when the league was founded in 1946. From 1946 to 1949, the Browns won each of the league's four championships. The National Football League (NFL) does not recognize the Browns' AAFC championships; however, the Pro Football Hall of Fame does recognize the team's championships, which is reflected in this list. When the AAFC folded in 1949, the Browns were absorbed into the NFL in 1950. The Browns went on to win three NFL championships, nearly dominating the NFL in the 1950s, and won one more NFL championship in 1964. The team has yet to appear in a Super Bowl, however. Overall, the team has won eight championships: four in the AAFC, and four in the NFL.

text: In 1996, then-Browns owner Art Modell made the decision to move the team from Cleveland, Ohio to Baltimore, Maryland. An agreement between the city of Cleveland and the NFL kept the team's history, name and colors in Cleveland, while Modell's new team would be regarded as an expansion team. The Baltimore Ravens would begin play in 1996, and the Browns would return to the league in 1999. For record-keeping purposes, the Browns are considered to have suspended operations from 1996 to 1998, which is reflected in this list.

text: Seasons[edit]

text:
For a complete team history, see History of the Cleveland Browns.
The finish, wins, losses and ties columns list regular season results and exclude any post-season results. They are combined only at the bottom of this list.

text:
AAFC champions[1] (1946–1949)
NFL champions (1950–1969)
Super Bowl champions[2] (1970–present)
Conference champions
Division champions
Wild Card berth

text:
Season
Team
League
Conference
Division
Regular season results
Post-season results
Awards

Finish
Wins
Losses
Ties

All-America Football Conference

1946
1946
AAFC

Western
1st
12
2
0
Won AAFC championship (1) (Yankees 14–9)

1947
1947
AAFC

Western
1st
12
1
1
Won AAFC championship (2) (Yankees 14–3)

1948
1948
AAFC

Western
1st
14
0
0
Won AAFC championship (3) (Bills 49–7)

1949
1949
AAFC

1st
9
1
2
Won AAFC playoff game (Bills 31–21)
Won AAFC championship (4) (49ers 21–7)
Paul Brown (COY)

National Football League (1950–1995; 1999–present)

1950
1950
NFL
American

T-1st[3]
10
2
0
Won Conference Playoffs (Giants 8–3)
Won NFL Championship (5) (L.A. Rams 30–28)

1951
1951
NFL
American

1st
11
1
0
Lost NFL Championship (L.A. Rams 17–24)
Paul Brown (COY)
Otto Graham (MVP)

1952
1952
NFL
American

1st
8
4
0
Lost NFL Championship (Lions 7–17)

1953
1953
NFL
Eastern

1st
11
1
0
Lost NFL Championship (Lions 16–17)
Paul Brown (COY)
Otto Graham (MVP)

1954
1954
NFL
Eastern

1st
9
3
0
Won NFL Championship (6) (Lions 56–10)

1955
1955
NFL
Eastern

1st
9
2
1
Won NFL Championship (7) (L.A. Rams 38–14)
Otto Graham (MVP)

1956
1956
NFL
Eastern

T-4th[4]
5
7
0

1957
1957
NFL
Eastern

1st
9
2
1
Lost NFL Championship (Lions 14–59)
Paul Brown (COY)
Jim Brown (MVP, ROY)

1958
1958
NFL
Eastern

T-1st[5]
9
3
0
Lost Conference Playoffs (Giants 0–10)
Jim Brown (MVP)

1959
1959
NFL
Eastern

T-2nd[6]
7
5
0

1960
1960
NFL
Eastern

2nd
8
3
1

1961
1961
NFL
Eastern

3rd
8
5
1

1962
1962
NFL
Eastern

3rd
7
6
1

1963
1963
NFL
Eastern

2nd
10
4
0

Jim Brown (BBA, MVP)

1964
1964
NFL
Eastern

1st
10
3
1
Won NFL Championship (8)[7] (B. Colts 27–0)

1965
1965
NFL
Eastern

1st
11
3
0
Lost NFL Championship (Packers 12–23)
Jim Brown (MVP, MVP)

1966
1966
NFL
Eastern

T-2nd[8]
9
5
0

1967
1967
NFL
Eastern
Century
1st
9
5
0
Lost Conference Championship (Cowboys 14–52)

1968
1968
NFL
Eastern
Century
1st
10
4
0
Won Conference Championship (Cowboys 20–31)
Lost NFL Championship (B. Colts 34–0)
Leroy Kelly (MVP)

1969
1969
NFL
Eastern
Century
1st
10
3
1
Won Conference Championship (Cowboys 38–14)
Lost NFL Championship (Vikings 7–27)

1970
1970
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
7
7
0

1971
1971
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
9
5
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Colts 3–20)

1972
1972
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
10
4
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Dolphins 14–20)

1973
1973
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
7
5
2

1974
1974
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
4
10
0

1975
1975
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
3
11
0

1976
1976
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
9
5
0

Forrest Gregg (COY)

1977
1977
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
6
8
0

1978[9]
1978
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
8
8
0

1979
1979
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
9
7
0

Sam Rutigliano (COY)

1980
1980
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
11
5
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Raiders 12–14)[10]
Sam Rutigliano (COY)
Brian Sipe (MVP, MVP, POY)

1981
1981
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
5
11
0

1982[11]
1982
NFL
AFC

8th
4
5
0
Lost First Round Playoffs (L.A. Raiders 10–27)
Chip Banks (Def. ROY)

1983
1983
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
9
7
0

1984
1984
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
5
11
0

1985
1985
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
8
8
0
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Dolphins 21–24)
Kevin Mack (ROY)

1986
1986
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
12
4
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Jets 23–20) (2 OT)
Lost Conference Championship[12] (Broncos 20–23)
Marty Schottenheimer (COY)

1987[13]
1987
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
10
5
0
Won Divisional Playoffs (Colts 38–21)
Lost Conference Championship[14] (Broncos 33–38)

1988
1988
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd[15]
10
6
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Oilers 23–24)

1989
1989
NFL
AFC
Central
1st
9
6
1
Won Divisional Playoffs (Bills 34–30)
Lost Conference Championship[16] (Broncos 21–37)
Michael Dean Perry (Def. POY)

1990
1990
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
3
13
0

1991
1991
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
6
10
0

1992
1992
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
7
9
0

1993
1993
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd
7
9
0

1994
1994
NFL
AFC
Central
2nd
11
5
0
Won Wild Card Playoffs (Patriots 20–13)
Lost Divisional Playoffs (Steelers 9–29)

1995
1995
NFL
AFC
Central
4th
5
11
0

1996
Inactive from 1996–1998

1997

1998

1999
1999
NFL
AFC
Central
6th
2
14
0

2000
2000
NFL
AFC
Central
6th
3
13
0

2001
2001
NFL
AFC
Central
3rd[17]
7
9
0

2002
2002
NFL
AFC
North
2nd
9
7
0
Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Steelers 33–36)

2003
2003
NFL
AFC
North
4th
5
11
0

2004
2004
NFL
AFC
North
4th
4
12
0

2005
2005
NFL
AFC
North
4th[18]
6
10
0

2006
2006
NFL
AFC
North
4th
4
12
0

2007
2007
NFL
AFC
North
2nd[19]
10
6
0

2008
2008
NFL
AFC
North
4th
4
12
0

2009
2009
NFL
AFC
North
4th
5
11
0

2010
2010
NFL
AFC
North
3rd
5
11
0

2011
2011
NFL
AFC
North
4th
4
12
0

2012
2012
NFL
AFC
North
4th
5
11
0

2013
2013
NFL
AFC
North
4th
4
12
0

2014
2014
NFL
AFC
North
4th
7
9
0

2015
2015
NFL
AFC
North
4th
3
13
0

2016
2016
NFL
AFC
North
4th
1
15
0

2017
2017
NFL
AFC
North
4th
0
8
0

Totals
4 AAFC Championships
4 NFL Championships
12 Conference Titles
9 NFL Division Titles

47
4
3
All-America Football Conference regular season results[20]

5
0
0
AAFC post-season results

462
477
10
National Football League regular season results[20]

11
20
0
NFL post-season results[20]

525
490
13
AAFC and NFL regular and post-season results

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The NFL does not recognize the Browns' AAFC championships. For the purposes of this list, however, they are included in final totals.
Jump up ^ The Browns are one of only four teams to have never appeared in a Super Bowl. The other three teams are the Detroit Lions, the Houston Texans, and the Jacksonville Jaguars.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 1950 NFL season, the Browns and Giants had identical 10–2–0 records. To determine the team that would play in the NFL Championship Game, the NFL held a one-game conference playoff. The Browns won, 8–3.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 1956 season, the Browns and the Steelers ended the season with identical 5–7 records. There were no tie-breaking procedures, so the teams ended the season tied.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 1958 NFL season, the Browns and Giants had identical 9–3–0 records. To determine the team that would play in the NFL Championship Game, the NFL held a one-game conference playoff. The Giants shut the Browns out 10–0.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 1959 season, the Browns and the Eagles ended the season with identical 5–7 records. There were no tie-breaking procedures, so the teams ended the season tied.
Jump up ^ The Browns' championship win in 1964 is the second most recent championship won by any sports team from the Cleveland area. The most recent being the Cleveland Cavaliers Championship win over the Golden State Warriors in 2016.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 1966 season, the Browns and the Eagles ended the season with identical 9–5 records. There were no tie-breaking procedures, so the teams ended the season tied.
Jump up ^ For the 1978 season, the NFL expanded from a 14-game season to a 16-game season.
Jump up ^ This game involved the play Red Right 88 in its final minutes.
Jump up ^ The 1982 NFL season was shortened from 16 games per team to 9 games because of a players' strike. The NFL adopted a special 16-team playoff tournament; eight teams from each conference were seeded 1–8, and division standings were ignored.
Jump up ^ The 1987 Conference Championship game between the Browns and the Broncos is best remembered for The Drive, in which quarterback John Elway, over the span of 5 minutes and 2 seconds, lead the Broncos on a 98-yard drive to tie the game with 37 seconds remaining in regulation. The Broncos won the game in overtime with a field goal, 23–20.
Jump up ^ The 1987 NFL season was shortened from 16 games per team to 15 games because of a players' strike. Games to be played during the third week of the season were canceled, and replacement players were used to play games from weeks 4 through 6.
Jump up ^ The 1988 Conference Championship game between the Browns and the Broncos is best remembered for The Fumble, in which, while on a potentially game-winning drive, the Browns' running back Ernest Byner fumbled the ball at the Broncos 3-yard line with 65 seconds remaining on the clock. The Broncos recovered the ball, allowed the Browns to get an intentional safety, and won the game, 38–33.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 1988 season, the Browns and the Oilers ended the season with identical 10–6 records. Using the NFL's tie-breaking procedures, Cleveland finished ahead of Houston based on a better division record.
Jump up ^ The 1990 Conference Championship game between the Browns and the Broncos marked the third time in four years that John Elway defeated Bernie Kosar and the Browns in the AFC championship game.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 2001 season, the Browns and the Titans ended the season with identical 7–9 records. Using the NFL's tie-breaking procedures, Cleveland finished ahead of Tennessee based on a better division record.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 2005 season, the Browns and the Ravens ended the season with identical 6–10 records. Using the NFL's tie-breaking procedures, Baltimore finished ahead of Cleveland based on a better division record.
Jump up ^ At the end of the 2007 season, the Browns and the Pittsburgh Steelers ended the season with identical 10–6 records. Using the NFL's tie-breaking procedures, the Steelers finished ahead of the Browns based on winning both games against the Browns during the season.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Cleveland Browns Team Encyclopedia - Pro-Football-Reference.com". pro-football-reference.com. Retrieved 14 January 2017.


document_title: Water chlorination

question_text: when was chlorine first used in drinking water

root

text: Water chlorination

text: History[edit]

text: In a paper published in 1894, it was formally proposed to add chlorine to water to render it "germ-free". Two other authorities endorsed this proposal and published it in many other papers in 1895.[1] Early attempts at implementing water chlorination at a water treatment plant were made in 1893 in Hamburg, Germany. In 1897 the town of Maidstone, England was the first to have its entire water supply treated with chlorine.[2]

tag: p

text: Permanent water chlorination began in 1905, when a faulty slow sand filter and a contaminated water supply caused a serious typhoid fever epidemic in Lincoln, England.[3] Dr. Alexander Cruickshank Houston used chlorination of the water to stop the epidemic. His installation fed a concentrated solution of so-called chloride of lime to the water being treated. This was not simply modern calcium chloride, but contained chlorine gas dissolved in lime-water (dilute calcium hydroxide) to form calcium hypochlorite (chlorinated lime). The chlorination of the water supply helped stop the epidemic and as a precaution, the chlorination was continued until 1911 when a new water supply was instituted.[4]

text: The first continuous use of chlorine in the United States for disinfection took place in 1908 at Boonton Reservoir (on the Rockaway River), which served as the supply for Jersey City, New Jersey.[5] Chlorination was achieved by controlled additions of dilute solutions of chloride of lime (calcium hypochlorite) at doses of 0.2 to 0.35 ppm. The treatment process was conceived by Dr. John L. Leal, and the chlorination plant was designed by George Warren Fuller.[6] Over the next few years, chlorine disinfection using chloride of lime (calcium hypochlorite) were rapidly installed in drinking water systems around the world.[7]

text: The technique of purification of drinking water by use of compressed liquefied chlorine gas was developed by a British officer in the Indian Medical Service, Vincent B. Nesfield, in 1903. According to his own account, "It occurred to me that chlorine gas might be found satisfactory ... if suitable means could be found for using it.... The next important question was how to render the gas portable. This might be accomplished in two ways: By liquefying it, and storing it in lead-lined iron vessels, having a jet with a very fine capillary canal, and fitted with a tap or a screw cap. The tap is turned on, and the cylinder placed in the amount of water required. The chlorine bubbles out, and in ten to fifteen minutes the water is absolutely safe. This method would be of use on a large scale, as for service water carts."[8]

text: Major Carl Rogers Darnall, Professor of Chemistry at the Army Medical School, gave the first practical demonstration of this in 1910.[9] This work became the basis for present day systems of municipal water purification. Shortly after Darnall's demonstration, Major William J. L. Lyster of the Army Medical Department used a solution of calcium hypochlorite in a linen bag to treat water.

text: For many decades, Lyster's method remained the standard for U.S. ground forces in the field and in camps, implemented in the form of the familiar Lyster Bag (also spelled Lister Bag). The canvas "bag, water, sterilizing" was a common component of field kitchens, issued one per 100 persons, of a standard 36-gallon capacity that hung from an often-improvised tripod in the field. In use from World War I through the Vietnam War, it has been replaced by reverse osmosis systems that produce potable water by pressure straining local water through microscopic-level filters: the Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit (1980) and the Tactical Water Purification System (2007) for large-scale production, and the Light Water Purifier unit for smaller-scale needs that includes ultrafiltration technology to produce potable water from any source and uses automated backwash cycles every 15 minutes to simplify cleaning operations.

text: Chlorine gas was first used on a continuing basis to disinfect the water supply at the Belmont filter plant, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania by using a machine invented by Charles Frederick Wallace[citation needed] who dubbed it the Chlorinator. It was manufactured by the Wallace & Tiernan company beginning in 1913.[10] By 1941, disinfection of U.S. drinking water by chlorine gas had largely replaced the use of chloride of lime.[11][12]

text: Chlorination can also be practiced using sodium hypochlorite or various other chemicals.

text: Biochemistry[edit]

text: As a halogen, chlorine is a highly efficient disinfectant, and is added to public water supplies to kill disease-causing pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoans, that commonly grow in water supply reservoirs, on the walls of water mains and in storage tanks.[13] The microscopic agents of many diseases such as cholera, typhoid fever, and dysentery killed countless people annually before disinfection methods were employed routinely.[13]

text: Chlorine is manufactured from salt by electrolysis or other methods. It is a gas at atmospheric pressures but liquefies under pressure. The liquefied gas is transported and used as such.

text: As a strong oxidizing agent, chlorine kills via the oxidation of organic molecules.[13] Chlorine and hydrolysis product hypochlorous acid are neutrally charged and therefore easily penetrate the negatively charged surface of pathogens. It is able to disintegrate the lipids that compose the cell wall and react with intracellular enzymes and proteins, making them nonfunctional. Microorganisms then either die or are no longer able to multiply.[14]

text: Principles[edit]

text: When dissolved in water, chlorine converts to an equilibrium mixture of chlorine, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and hydrochloric acid (HCl):

text: In acidic solution, the major species are Cl2 and HOCl, whereas in alkaline solution, effectively only ClO− (hypochlorite ion) is present. Very small concentrations of ClO2−, ClO3−, ClO4− are also found.[15]

text: Shock chlorination[edit]

text: Shock chlorination is a process used in many swimming pools, water wells, springs, and other water sources to reduce the bacterial and algal residue in the water. Shock chlorination is performed by mixing a large amount of hypochlorite into the water. The hypochlorite can be in the form of a powder or a liquid such as chlorine bleach (solution of sodium hypochlorite  or calcium hypochlorite in water). Water that is being shock chlorinated should not be swum in or drunk until the sodium hypochlorite count in the water goes down to three parts per million (PPM) or until the calcium hypochlorite count goes down to 0.2 to 0.35 PPM.[citation needed]

text: Drawbacks[edit]

text: Disinfection by chlorination can be problematic, in some circumstances. Chlorine can react with naturally occurring organic compounds found in the water supply to produce compounds known as disinfection by-products (DBPs). The most common DBPs are trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Trihalomethanes are the main disinfectant by-products created from chlorination with two different types, bromoform and dibromochloromethane, which are mainly responsible for health hazards. Their effects depend strictly on the duration of their exposure to the chemicals and the amount ingested into the body. In high doses, bromoform mainly slows down regular brain activity, which is manifested by symptoms such as sleepiness or sedation. Chronic exposure of both bromoform and dibromochloromethane can cause liver and kidney cancer, as well as heart disease, unconsciousness, or death in high doses.[16] Due to the potential carcinogenicity of these compounds, drinking water regulations across the developed world require regular monitoring of the concentration of these compounds in the distribution systems of municipal water systems. The World Health Organization has stated that "the risks to health from these by-products are extremely small in comparison with the risks associated with inadequate disinfection".[17]

text: There are also other concerns regarding chlorine, including its volatile nature which causes it to disappear too quickly from the water system, and organoleptic concerns such as taste and odor.

text: Alternative methods for water disinfection[edit]

text: Chlorine dioxide[edit]

text: The use of chlorine dioxide as an alternative to chlorine is now widespread in both municipal and industrial applications.[citation needed]  It eliminates potential of harmful DBPs and is a highly efficient disinfectant.[citation needed]

text: Ozonation[edit]

text: Ozonation is used by many European countries and also in a few municipalities in the United States and Canada. This alternative is more cost effective but energy intensive. It involves ozone being bubbled through the water, breaking down all parasites, bacteria, and all other harmful organic substances. However, this method leaves no residual ozone to control contamination of the water after the process has been completed.[18]

text: The advantage of chlorine in comparison to ozone is that the residual persists in the water for an extended period of time. This feature allows the chlorine to travel through the water supply system, effectively controlling pathogenic backflow contamination. In a large system this may not be adequate, and so chlorine levels may be boosted at points in the distribution system, or chloramine may be used, which remains in the water for longer before reacting or dissipating.

text: Chloramination[edit]

text: Chloramination is also becoming increasingly common. Disinfection with chloramine produces less undesirable byproducts than chlorine (gas or hypochlorite). Chloramine has a longer half-life in the distribution system, and maintains effective protection against pathogens. Chloramines persist in the distribution because of their lower redox potential in comparison to free chlorine. Chloramine is formed by adding ammonia and chlorine into drinking water to form monochloramine and/or dichloramine. Whereas Helicobacter pylori can be many times more resistant to chlorine than Escherichia coli, both organisms are about equally susceptible to the disinfecting effect of chloramine.[19]

text: Bromination and iodinization[edit]

text: Chlorine in water is over three times more effective as a disinfectant against Escherichia coli than an equivalent concentration of bromine, and over six times more effective than an equivalent concentration of iodine.[20]

text: Home filtration[edit]

text: Water treated by filtration and home filtration may not need further disinfection; a very high proportion of pathogens are removed by materials in the filter bed. Filtered water must be used soon after it is filtered, as the low amount of remaining microbes may proliferate over time. In general, these home filters remove over 90% of the chlorine available to a glass of treated water. These filters must be periodically replaced otherwise the bacterial content of the water may actually increase due to the growth of bacteria within the filter unit.[18]

text: UV radiation[edit]

text: UV disinfection is gaining popularity. UV treatment leaves minimal residue in the water. In water UV generates ozone in situ and thus has many of the advantages of ozone disinfection. However, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation alone (as well as chlorination alone) will not remove toxins from bacteria, pesticides, heavy metals, etc. from water.

text: Ionizing radiation[edit]

text: Like UV, ionizing radiation (X-rays, gamma rays, and electron beams) has been used to sterilize water.


document_title: You Were on My Mind

question_text: who sings when i woke up this morning you were on my mind

text: You Were on My Mind

text:
"You Were on My Mind"

Single by We Five

from the album You Were on My Mind

B-side
"Small World"

Released
1965

Recorded
1965

Genre
Pop rock

Length
2:39

Label
A&M 770

Songwriter(s)
Sylvia Fricker

Producer(s)
Frank Werber

We Five singles chronology

"You Were on My Mind"
(1965)
"Let's Get Together"
(1966)

"You Were on My Mind"
(1965)
"Let's Get Together"
(1966)

tag: table

text: "You Were on My Mind" is a popular song written by Sylvia Fricker in 1962[1] in a bathtub in a suite at the Hotel Earle in Greenwich Village. She wrote it in the bathroom because "it was the only place ... the cockroaches would not go". It was originally performed by Fricker and her then husband-to-be Ian Tyson as the duo Ian & Sylvia and they recorded it for their 1964 album, Northern Journey. It was published in sheet form by M. Witmark & Sons of New York City in 1965. In 1965 the song was covered in an up-tempo version, with slightly altered lyrics and melody by the California pop quintet We Five. Their recording reached #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in September 1965 and topped the Billboard easy listening chart for five weeks.[2] Billboard ranked the record as the No. 4 song of 1965.[3] The performance by We Five is noteworthy for the gradual buildup in intensity, starting off somewhat flowing and gentle, increasing in intensity in the third stanza and remaining so through the fourth stanza. The fifth and final stanza starts off gently and concludes very intensely, ending with a series of guitar chords.

text: In the United Kingdom Crispian St. Peters scored a number two hit with the song in 1966.[4] This version was also released in the United States in 1967 and went to #36 on the Billboard Hot 100.[5] It was featured on his album, Follow Me...

text: Ian and Sylvia re-recorded the song in 1972 with their band Great Speckled Bird, reaching #4 on the Canadian easy listening chart.

text: Other versions[edit]

text: Other notable recordings include versions by:

text:
The Henchmen on their Dominion Records LP One UP! circa 1964
The Chad Mitchell Trio covered the song on its 1965 album "Typical American Boys".
Barry McGuire covered the song on his 1965 album, Eve of Destruction: his version was a hit in Italy (#19) in 1966
Crispian St. Peters scored a number two hit in the UK with the song in 1966
Also in 1966 Equipe 84 had a #2 hit in Italy with the rendering "Io ho in mente te" besting a rival version by Paul Anka
Bobby Penn covered it in 1971 and went to #51 on Billboard's Hot Country Singles chart.
Susanna Hoffs covered it on the soundtrack for the 1992 film Fathers and Sons
Nanci Griffith on her 1998 album Other Voices, Too (A Trip Back to Bountiful).
Serena Ryder included a version of this song on her 2006 album, If Your Memory Serves You Well
On the 2016 album Colvin & Earle by Shawn Colvin and Steve Earle
On the deluxe iTunes version of the 2016 album Good Grief by Lucius

tag: ul


document_title: List of National Basketball Association career rebounding leaders

question_text: who holds the record for most rebounds in an nba career

text: Rebound leaders[edit]

text: This is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular season rebounds recorded.

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[3]

text:
Rank
Player
Position(s)
Team(s) played for (years)[4]
Total rebounds
Games played
Rebounds per game
average[5]

1
Wilt Chamberlain*
C
Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors (1959–1965)
Philadelphia 76ers (1965–1968)
Los Angeles Lakers (1968–1973)
23,924
1,045
22.9

2
Bill Russell*
C
Boston Celtics (1956–1969)
21,620
963
22.5

3
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*[6]
C
Milwaukee Bucks (1969–1975)
Los Angeles Lakers (1975–1989)
17,440
1,560
11.2

4
Elvin Hayes*
PF/C
San Diego/Houston Rockets (1968–1972, 1981–1984)
Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets (1972–1981)
16,279
1,303
12.5

5
Moses Malone*
C
Buffalo Braves (1976)
Houston Rockets (1976–1982)
Philadelphia 76ers (1982–1986, 1993–1994)
Washington Bullets (1986–1988)
Atlanta Hawks (1988–1991)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1993)
San Antonio Spurs (1994–1995)
16,212
1,329
12.2

6
Tim Duncan†
PF/C
San Antonio Spurs (1997–2016)
15,091
1,392
10.8

7
Karl Malone*
PF
Utah Jazz (1985–2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)
14,968
1,476
10.1

8
Robert Parish*
C
Golden State Warriors (1976–1980)
Boston Celtics (1980–1994)
Charlotte Hornets (1994–1996)
Chicago Bulls (1996–1997)
14,715
1,611
9.1

9
Kevin Garnett†
PF/C
Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–2007; 2015–2016)
Boston Celtics (2007–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2015)
14,662
1,462
10.0

10
Nate Thurmond*
C
San Francisco/Golden State Warriors (1963–1974)
Chicago Bulls (1974–1976)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1976–1977)
14,464
964
15.0

11
Walt Bellamy*
C
Chicago Packers/Zephyrs/Baltimore Bullets (1961–1965)
New York Knicks (1965–1968)
Detroit Pistons (1968–1970)
Atlanta Hawks (1970–1974)
New Orleans Jazz (1974)
14,241
1,043
13.7

12
Wes Unseld*
C
Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets (1968–1981)
13,769
984
14.0

13
Hakeem Olajuwon*[7]
C
Houston Rockets (1984–2001)
Toronto Raptors (2001–2002)
13,748
1,238
11.1

14
Dwight Howard^
C
Orlando Magic (2004–2012)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2013)
Houston Rockets (2013–2016)
Atlanta Hawks (2016–2017)
Charlotte Hornets (2017–present)
13,101
1,035
12.7

15
Shaquille O'Neal*
C
Orlando Magic (1992–1996)
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2004)
Miami Heat (2004–2008)
Phoenix Suns (2008–2009)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2009–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010–2011)
13,099
1,207
10.9

16
Buck Williams
PF
New Jersey Nets (1981–1989)
Portland Trail Blazers (1989–1996)
New York Knicks (1996–1998)
13,017
1,307
10.0

17
Jerry Lucas*
PF
Cincinnati Royals (1963–1969)
San Francisco Warriors (1969–1971)
New York Knicks (1971–1974)
12,942
829
15.6

18
Bob Pettit*
PF
Milwaukee/St. Louis Hawks (1954–1965)
12,849
792
16.2

19
Charles Barkley*
PF
Philadelphia 76ers (1984–1992)
Phoenix Suns (1992–1996)
Houston Rockets (1996–2000)
12,546
1,073
11.7

20
Dikembe Mutombo*
C
Denver Nuggets (1991–1996)
Atlanta Hawks (1996–2001)
Philadelphia 76ers (2001–2002)
New Jersey Nets (2002–2003)
New York Knicks (2003–2004)
Houston Rockets (2004–2009)
12,359
1,196
10.3

21
Paul Silas
PF
St. Louis/Atlanta Hawks (1964–1969)
Phoenix Suns (1969–1972)
Boston Celtics (1972–1976)
Denver Nuggets (1976–1977)
Seattle SuperSonics (1977–1980)
12,357
1,254
9.9

22
Charles Oakley
PF
Chicago Bulls (1985–1988, 2001–2002)
New York Knicks (1988–1999)
Toronto Raptors (1999–2001)
Washington Wizards (2002–2003)
Houston Rockets (2004)
12,205
1,282
9.5

23
Dennis Rodman*
PF/SF
Detroit Pistons (1986–1993)
San Antonio Spurs (1993–1995)
Chicago Bulls (1995–1998)
Los Angeles Lakers (1999)
Dallas Mavericks (2000)
11,954
911
13.1

24
Kevin Willis
PF/C
Atlanta Hawks (1984–1994, 2004–2005)
Miami Heat (1994–1996)
Golden State Warriors (1996)
Houston Rockets (1996–1998, 2001–2002)
Toronto Raptors (1999–2001)
Denver Nuggets (2001)
San Antonio Spurs (2002–2004)
Dallas Mavericks (2007)
11,901
1,424
8.4

25
Patrick Ewing*
C
New York Knicks (1985–2000)
Seattle SuperSonics (2000–2001)
Orlando Magic (2001–2002)
11,607
1,183
9.8

26
Elgin Baylor*
SF
Minneapolis/Los Angeles Lakers (1958–1971)
11,463
846
13.5

27
Dirk Nowitzki^
PF
Dallas Mavericks (1999–present)
11,331
1,471
7.7

28
Dolph Schayes*
PF
Syracuse Nationals (1949–1950)[8]
Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers (1950–1964)
11,256
932
12.1

29
Pau Gasol^
C/PF
Memphis Grizzlies (2001–2008)
Los Angeles Lakers (2008–2014)
Chicago Bulls (2014–2016)
San Antonio Spurs (2016–present)
11,168
1,196
9.3

30
Bill Bridges
PF
St. Louis/Atlanta Hawks (1963–1971)
Philadelphia 76ers (1971–1972)
Los Angeles Lakers (1972–1974)
Golden State Warriors (1975)
11,054
926
11.9

31
Jack Sikma
C
Seattle SuperSonics (1977–1986)
Milwaukee Bucks (1986–1991)
10,816
1,107
9.8

32
David Robinson*
C
San Antonio Spurs (1989–2003)
10,497
987
10.6

33
Ben Wallace
C/PF
Washington Bullets/Wizards (1996–1999)
Orlando Magic (1999–2000)
Detroit Pistons (2000–2006, 2009–2012)
Chicago Bulls (2006–2008)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2008–2009)
10,482
1,088
9.6

34
Dave Cowens*
C
Boston Celtics (1970–1980)
Milwaukee Bucks (1982–1983)
10,444
766
13.6

35
Bill Laimbeer
C
Cleveland Cavaliers (1980–1982)
Detroit Pistons (1982–1993)
10,400
1,068
9.7

36
Otis Thorpe
PF
Kansas City/Sacramento Kings (1984–1988, 1998)
Houston Rockets (1988–1995)
Portland Trail Blazers (1995)
Detroit Pistons (1995–1997)
Vancouver Grizzlies (1997–1998)
Washington Wizards (1999)
Miami Heat (1999–2000)
Charlotte Hornets (2000–2001)
10,370
1,257
8.2

37
Zach Randolph^
PF
Portland Trail Blazers (2001–2007)
New York Knicks (2007–2008)
Los Angeles Clippers (2008–2009)
Memphis Grizzlies (2009–2017)
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)
10,208
1,116
9.1

38
Shawn Marion†
SF/PF
Phoenix Suns (1999–2008)
Miami Heat (2008–2009)
Toronto Raptors (2009)
Dallas Mavericks (2009–2014)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2014–2015)
10,101
1,163
8.7

39
Tyson Chandler^
C
Chicago Bulls (2001–2006)
New Orleans(/Oklahoma City) Hornets (2006–2009)
Charlotte Bobcats (2009–2010)
Dallas Mavericks (2010–2011, 2014–2015)
New York Knicks (2011–2014)
Phoenix Suns (2015–present)
10,094
1,079
9.4

40
Johnny Kerr
C
Syracuse Nationals/Philadelphia 76ers (1954–1965)
Baltimore Bullets (1965–1966)
10,092
905
11.2

41
Bob Lanier*
C
Detroit Pistons (1970–1980)
Milwaukee Bucks (1980–1984)
9,698
959
10.1

42
Sam Lacey
C
Cincinnati Royals/Kansas City(-Omaha) Kings (1970–1981)
New Jersey Nets (1981–1982)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1982–1983)
9,687
1,002
9.7

43
Dave DeBusschere*
PF/SF
Detroit Pistons (1962–1968)
New York Knicks (1968–1974)
9,618
875
11.0

44
Marcus Camby
C
Toronto Raptors (1996–1998)
New York Knicks (1999–2002, 2012–2013)
Denver Nuggets (2002–2008)
Los Angeles Clippers (2008–2010)
Portland Trail Blazers (2010–2012)
Houston Rockets (2012)
9,513
973
9.8

45
A. C. Green
PF
Los Angeles Lakers (1985–1993, 1999–2000)
Phoenix Suns (1993–1996)
Dallas Mavericks (1996–1999)
Miami Heat (2000–2001)
9,473
1,278
7.4

46
Horace Grant
PF
Chicago Bulls (1987–1994)
Orlando Magic (1994–1999, 2001–2002)
Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2000)
Los Angeles Lakers (2000–2001, 2003–2004)
9,443
1,165
8.1

47
Bailey Howell*
PF/SF
Detroit Pistons (1959–1964)
Baltimore Bullets (1964–1966)
Boston Celtics (1966–1970)
Philadelphia 76ers (1970–1971)
9,383
951
9.9

48
Vlade Divac
C
Los Angeles Lakers (1989–1996, 2004–2005)
Charlotte Hornets (1996–1998)
Sacramento Kings (1998–2004)
9,326
1,134
8.2

49
Artis Gilmore*
C
Chicago Bulls (1976–1982, 1987)
San Antonio Spurs (1982–1987)
Boston Celtics (1988)
9,161
909
10.1

50
Johnny Green
PF
New York Knicks (1959–1965)
Baltimore Bullets (1965–1967)
San Diego Rockets (1967–1968)
Philadelphia 76ers (1968–1969)
Cincinnati Royals/Kansas City-Omaha Kings (1969–1973)
9,083
1,057
8.6

text: Progressive list of rebound leaders[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of rebound leaders showing how the record increased through the years.[2]

text:
Team abbreviations
Team(s) listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

ATL
Atlanta Hawks
DET
Detroit Pistons
MNL
Minneapolis Lakers
SAS
San Antonio Spurs

BOS
Boston Celtics
FTW
Fort Wayne Pistons
NOJ
New Orleans Jazz
SDC
San Diego Clippers

BRK
Brooklyn Nets
HOU
Houston Rockets
NOP
New Orleans Pelicans
SDR
San Diego Rockets

BUF
Buffalo Braves
IND
Indiana Pacers
NYK
New York Knicks
SFW
San Francisco Warriors

CAP
Capital Bullets
LAC
Los Angeles Clippers
ORL
Orlando Magic
STL
St. Louis Hawks

CHO
Charlotte Hornets
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
PHI
Philadelphia 76ers
SYR
Syracuse Nationals

CHI
Chicago Bulls
MIL
Milwaukee Bucks
PHO
Phoenix Suns
UTA
Utah Jazz

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
MIN
Minnesota Timberwolves
PHW
Philadelphia Warriors
WSB
Washington Bullets

DEN
Denver Nuggets
MLH
Milwaukee Hawks
ROC
Rochester Royals

text:
Progressive leaders and records for total rebounds

Season
Year-by-year leader
REB
Active leader
REB
Career record
REB
Single-season record
REB
Season

1950–51
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
1,080
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
1,080
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
1,080
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
1,080
1950–51

1951–52
Mel Hutchins000MLH
Larry Foust000FTW
880
1,853
1,853
1951–52

1952–53
George Mikan*000MNL
1,007
George Mikan*000MNL
2,831
George Mikan*000MNL
2,831
1952–53

1953–54
Harry Gallatin*000NYK
1,098
3,859
3,859
Harry Gallatin*000NYK
1,098
1953–54

1954–55
Neil Johnston*000PHW
1,085
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
4,530
Dolph Schayes*000SYR
4,530
1954–55

1955–56
Bob Pettit*000STL
1,164
5,421
5,421
Bob Pettit*000STL
1,164
1955–56

1956–57
Maurice Stokes*000ROC
1,256
6,429
6,429
Maurice Stokes*000ROC
1,256
1956–57

1957–58
Bill Russell*000BOS
1,564
7,451
7,451
Bill Russell*000BOS
1,564
1957–58

1958–59
1,612
8,413
8,413
1,612
1958–59

1959–60
Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHW 1959–62
000SFW 1962–63
1,941
9,372
9,372
Wilt Chamberlain*000PHW
1,941
1959–60

1960–61
2,149
10,332
10,332
2,149
1960–61

1961–62
2,052
10,771
10,771
1961–62

1962–63
1,946
Bill Russell*000BOS
11,398
Bill Russell*000BOS
11,398
1962–63

1963–64
Bill Russell*000BOS
1,930
13,328
13,328
1963–64

1964–65
1,878
15,206
15,206
1964–65

1965–66
Wilt Chamberlain*
000PHI 1965–68
000LAL 1968–69
1,943
16,985
16,985
1965–66

1966–67
1,957
18,685
18,685
1966–67

1967–68
1,952
20,136
20,136
1967–68

1968–69
1,712
21,620
21,620
1968–69

1969–70
Elvin Hayes*000SDR
1,386
Wilt Chamberlain*000LAL
19,333
1969–70

1970–71
Wilt Chamberlain*000LAL
1,493
20,826
1970–71

1971–72
1,572
22,398
Wilt Chamberlain*000LAL
22,398
1971–72

1972–73
1,526
23,924
23,924
1972–73

1973–74
Elvin Hayes*000CAP
1,463
Walt Bellamy*
000ATL 1973–74
000NOJ 1974–75
14,236
1973–74

1974–75
Bob McAdoo*000BUF
1,155
14,241
1974–75

1975–76
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000LAL
1,383
Nate Thurmond*
000CHI 1975
000CLE 1975–77
14,090
1975–77

1976–77
1,090
14,464
1976–77

1977–78
Truck Robinson000NOJ
1,288
Elvin Hayes*
000WSB 1977–81
000HOU 1981–84
11,977
1977–78

1978–79
Moses Malone*000HOU
1,444
12,971
1978–79

1979–80
Swen Nater000SDC
1,216
13,867
1979–80

1980–81
Moses Malone*
000HOU 1980–82
000PHI 1982–83
1,180
14,656
1980–81

1981–82
1,188
15,403
1981–82

1982–83
1,194
16,019
1982–83

1983–84
Bill Laimbeer000DET
1,003
16,279
1983–84

1984–85
Moses Malone*000PHI
1,031
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*000LAL
15,627
1984–85

1985–86
Bill Laimbeer000DET
1,075
16,105
1985–86

1986–87
Charles Oakley000CHI
1,074
16,628
1986–87

1987–88
1,066
17,106
1987–88

1988–89
Hakeem Olajuwon*000HOU
1,105
17,440
1988–89

1989–90
1,149
Moses Malone*000
000ATL 1989–91
000MIL 1991–93
000PHI 1993–94
000SAS 1994–95
14,483
1989–90

1990–91
David Robinson*000SAS
1,063
15,150
1990–91

1991–92
Dennis Rodman*
000DET 1991–93
000SAS 1993–94
1,530
15,894
1991–92

1992–93
1,132
15,940
1992–93

1993–94
1,367
16,166
1993–94

1994–95
Dikembe Mutombo*000DEN
1,029
16,212
1994–95

1995–96
David Robinson*000SAS
1,000
Robert Parish*
000CHO 1995–96
000CHI 1996–97
14,626
1995–96

1996–97
Dikembe Mutombo*000ATL
929
14,715
1996–97

1997–98
Dennis Rodman*000CHI
1,201
Buck Williams000NYK
13,017
1997–98

1998–99
Dikembe Mutombo*000ATL
610
Hakeem Olajuwon*000HOU
12,677
1998–99

1999–00
1,157
12,951
1999–00

2000–01
Ben Wallace000DET
1,052
13,382
2000–01

2001–02
Tim Duncan†000SAS
1,042
Karl Malone*
000UTA 2001–03
000LAL 2003–04
13,973
2001–02

2002–03
Ben Wallace000DET
1,126
14,601
2002–03

2003–04
Kevin Garnett†000MIN
1,139
14,968
2003–04

2004–05
1,108
Kevin Willis000ATL
11,893
2004–05

2005–06
Dwight Howard^000ORL
1,022
Dikembe Mutombo*000HOU
11,639
2005–06

2006–07
1,008
12,127
2006–07

2007–08
1,161
12,326
2007–08

2008–09
1,093
Shaquille O'Neal*
000PHO 2008–09
000CLE 2009–10
000BOS 2010–11
12,566
2008–09

2009–10
1,082
12,921
2009–10

2010–11
Kevin Love^000MIN
1,112
13,099
2010–11

2011–12
Dwight Howard^000ORL
785
Kevin Garnett†
000BOS 2011–13
000BRK 2013–14
13,313
2011–12

2012–13
Ömer Aşık^000HOU
956
13,843
2012–13

2013–14
DeAndre Jordan^000LAC
1,114
14,201
2013–14

2014–15
1,226
Tim Duncan†000SAS
14,644
2014–15

2015–16
Andre Drummond^000DET
1,198
15,091
2015–16

2016–17
1,115
Dwight Howard^
000ATL 2016–17
000CHO 2017–18
12,089
2016–17

2017–18
1,247
13,101
Chamberlain* 47 yrs
23,924
Chamberlain* 59 yrs
2,149
2017–18

Season
Year-by-year leader
REB
Active player leader
REB
Career record
REB
Single-season record
REB
Season


document_title: Think Like a Man Too

question_text: who gets married in think like a man 2

question_tokens: who gets married in think like a man 2

text: Think Like a Man Too

text: Plot[edit]

text: This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (July 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Cedric (Kevin Hart) begins by saying how Las Vegas has always been a place for casinos and showgirls, and is the perfect place for couples to get married.

text: Cedric and his friends are all in Las Vegas for the wedding of Michael (Terrence J) and Candace (Regina Hall), with her son Duke (Caleel Harris) and mother (Angela Gibbs) joining them. Zeke (Romany Malco) and Mya (Meagan Good) arrive, with Zeke's womanizing past constantly being brought up by old friends and former flames, including the concierge at the hotel, who throws her drink in his face. Bennett (Gary Owen) and his wife Tish (Wendi McLendon-Covey) are trying to get a spark back in their marriage. Jeremy (Jerry Ferrara) and Kristen (Gabrielle Union) have married and are now trying for a baby. Dominic (Michael Ealy) and Lauren (Taraji P. Henson) are reunited after spending time away from each other, and they make out in the limousine. Finally, Cedric pulls up to the hotel in a gaudy sports car, happily getting away from his wife Gail (Wendy Williams).

text: The men and women separate to enjoy their day. Cedric books himself a lavish suite and intends to go all out for a wild weekend.

text: Michael's overbearing mother Loretta (Jenifer Lewis) doesn't approve of his engagement with Candace, still thinking no woman is good enough for her son. Loretta even takes over the bachelorette party duties, even though Lauren is the maid of honor. The women start to have a party for Candace, complete with their own blow-up doll (named Idris), until Loretta makes up her own party, which is boring. This, along with Candace's desire to have the perfect wedding, heaps on the stress.

text: Among other problems plaguing the couples include Lauren being called by her boss Lee (Kelsey Grammer), who tells her she is being considered for a C.O.O. position in New York, meaning she will be separated from Dominic. Kristen tries to get Jeremy to have sex with her and by roleplaying "Game of Thrones" characters, but Jeremy has reservations about becoming a father. He's also not thrilled about having to give up smoking weed, and he instead brought weed breath strips. Mya is ready to marry Zeke, but Zeke shows hesitation.

text: While the ladies have to deal with Loretta, Lauren and Candace conspire to set her up with Candace's Uncle Eddie. Loretta takes the ladies out to dinner, and after plans to take Candace to see Dionne Warwick. Uncle Eddie (Dennis Haysbert) shows up and begins flirting with Loretta. The ladies leave them to go see Dionne Warwick together, so they can leave to have fun. Elsewhere, the guys are hitting the casinos, with Cedric trying to score as much as he can. They run into Michael's old frat brothers Isaac (Adam Brody) and Terrell (David Walton), who just want to party. Dominic is then pulled aside by a chef who offers him a position there in Vegas, which could possibly jumpstart his career.

text: The ladies gives Tish a makeover and Mya giving her a black suit (complete with a montage) to undo her frumpy housewife look to a more alluring style. They then take the guys' party bus to the club, forcing the guys to either take a Chippendale-type bus, or walk. They choose the latter. On the bus, the ladies find Jeremy's weed strips and take them, while Lauren gets a call from her boss who officially makes her COO.

text: Cedric finds himself in trouble when Gail finds out that he's been using her card to pay for his expenses, running her up to $40,000 in charges. He tries to win it back at the casino, putting it all on his "lucky number" 15. While his back turned, Zeke pulls the chips away to leave only one to spare Cedric the loss. However, the ball does land on 15, and Cedric is angry at Zeke. Meanwhile, the ladies start to feel the effects of dance clubs, and they end up making an impromptu video to Bell Biv DeVoe's "Poison".

text: As a last resort, Cedric takes the guys to the club (the same one the ladies are at) for amateur's night, dressing in various costumes to try and win some money. This, however, turns into a disaster when Michael sees Candace getting a lap dance; he charges to attack the dancer, leading to an all-out fight between the guys, the ladies, and the dancers. They are all put in jail for the night.

text: Realizing that the wedding is in a few hours, they all try to call someone for help, but with no luck: Loretta is busy spending the night with Eddie in her room; Gail is already shacking up with Drake (who appears as himself); Bennett's mother has gone to pick up his kid. Jeremy sees the way he talks to his child, and is influenced to become a father. The guys blame Cedric for getting them into this mess.

text: Loretta sees the messages on her phone and rushes to bail them out. Everybody rushes to the venue for the wedding, but they are too late, and their spot has been taken; Candace runs away crying, and Michael leaves without a word. The couples decide to resolve their problems, except for Bennett and Tish. Jeremy decides that he's finally committed to being a father, and Kristen reveals she might be pregnant (though she claims to be a week late), bringing the two closer. Dominic and Lauren admit that they were considered for good jobs, but they each turned them down so they could be together. Zeke explains and apologizes to Mya for everything that's been going on, and finally proposes to her; Mya accepts.

text: Loretta is unable to find Michael and looks for him in Candace's room. She tells Candace maybe it was for the best and that if she really loves her son, she would finish packing and leave him, making Candace more overwhelmed and fed up. Michael walks in on this and has become fed up with his mother and decides to show tough love and tells his mother that she must apologize to Candace, but she refuses. Michael declares that he will marry Candace whether she likes it or not, and that she will no longer be invited to the wedding. Candace disagrees with Michael, saying that he needs to apologize to Loretta, because as a mother herself, she would be heartbroken if her own son did not let her go to his wedding. Loretta, recognizing her mistakes, makes the first move and finally apologizes; the three reconcile.

text: Cedric, feeling like a failure as a best man, packs his bags to leave Vegas; however, with the help of his personal butler, Declan (Jim Piddock), he finds another venue. Candace and Michael are married, and everybody, including Loretta, cheers and celebrates. In the end, Cedric becomes fed up with Vegas, and as the group leaves the hotel, he lets Bennett have his last dollar. Bennett then wins $100,000 on a slot machine. Cedric tries to claim the prize as it was his dollar, though everybody else tries to hold him back from fighting Bennett.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Kevin Hart as Cedric Ward
Regina Hall as Candace Hall
Michael Ealy as Dominic
Jerry Ferrara as Jeremy Kern
Meagan Good as Mya
Taraji P. Henson as Lauren Harris
Dennis Haysbert as Uncle Eddie
Gabrielle Union as Kristen Kern
Terrence J as Michael Hanover
Jenifer Lewis as Loretta
Romany Malco as Zeke
Wendi McLendon-Covey as Tish
Gary Owen as Bennett
David Walton as Terrell
Adam Brody as Isaac
La La Anthony as Sonia
Jim Piddock as Declan
Wendy Williams as Gail Ward
Kelsey Grammer as Lee Fox
Cheryl Hines as Andrea
Luenell as Aunt Winnie Hall
Janina Gavankar as Vanessa
Carl Weathers as Mr. Davenport
Floyd Mayweather, Jr. as himself
Coco as Coco
Drake as himself[6]

text: Production[edit]

text: Will Packer produced Think like a Man Too.[5] Principal photography began in June 2013 in Las Vegas.[7] The first trailer for the film debuted on February 11, 2014 and appeared in theaters with Ealy, Hart and Hall's About Last Night. Director Tim Story said of the cast says "the trust that he and the cast built last time, combined with their matched work ethic, made continuing the narrative feel like “coming back together with your brothers and sisters.[8]” He also mentioned they had to move out of a suite in the filming and there was a lot of noise.[8]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: For the soundtrack to Think Like a Man Too, singer Mary J. Blige recorded an entire collection of music from and inspired by the film. Released on June 17, 2014, it includes a remake of Shalamar's hit "A Night to Remember".[9]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Think Like a Man Too grossed $65.2 million in North America and $5 million in other territories for a total worldwide gross of $70.2 million, against a budget of $24 million.[10]

text: Released in theaters on June 20, 2014, the film opened at #1 at the box office, grossing $29.2 million.[11]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 23% based on 80 reviews, with an average rating of 4.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Think Like a Man Too reunites its predecessor's talented cast, but fails to take their characters in new or interesting directions."[12] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 38 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "generally negative reviews".[13] On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale.[14]


document_title: Driving Miss Daisy

question_text: who played miss daisy in driving miss daisy

text: Driving Miss Daisy

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1948, Mrs. Daisy Werthan, or Miss Daisy (Jessica Tandy), a 72-year-old wealthy, Jewish, widowed, retired school teacher, lives alone in Atlanta, Georgia, except for a black housemaid named Idella (Esther Rolle). When Miss Daisy drives her 1946 Chrysler Windsor into her neighbor's yard, her 40-year-old son Boolie (Dan Aykroyd) buys her a 1949 Hudson Commodore and hires Hoke Colburn (Morgan Freeman), a black chauffeur. Miss Daisy at first refuses to let anyone else drive her, but gradually gives in.

text: As Miss Daisy and Hoke spend time together, she gains appreciation for his many skills. After Idella dies in 1962, rather than hire a new maid, Miss Daisy decides to care for her own house and have Hoke do the cooking and the driving.

text: The film explores racism against black people, which affects Hoke at that time. The film also touches on anti-semitism in the South. After her synagogue is bombed, Miss Daisy realizes that she is also a victim of prejudice. But American society is undergoing radical changes, and Miss Daisy attends a dinner at which Dr. Martin Luther King gives a speech. She initially invites Boolie to the dinner, but he declines, and suggests that Miss Daisy invite Hoke. However, Miss Daisy only asks him to be her guest during the car ride to the event and ends up attending the dinner alone, with Hoke, insulted by the manner of the invitation, listening to the speech on the car radio outside.

text: Hoke arrives at the house one morning in 1971 to find Miss Daisy agitated and showing signs of dementia, believing she is a young teacher again. Hoke calms her down with a conversation in which Daisy calls Hoke her "best friend." Boolie arranges for Miss Daisy to enter a retirement home. In 1973, Hoke, now 85 and rapidly losing his eyesight, retires. Boolie, now 65, drives Hoke to the retirement home to visit Miss Daisy, now 97.[4]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Morgan Freeman as Hoke Colburn
Jessica Tandy as Daisy Werthan
Dan Aykroyd as Boolie Werthan
Patti LuPone as Florine Werthan
Esther Rolle as Idella
Joann Havrilla as Miss McClatchey
William Hall, Jr. as Oscar
Muriel Moore as Miriam
Sylvia Kaler as Beulah
Crystal R. Fox as Katey Bell

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Driving Miss Daisy was given a limited release on December 15, 1989, earning $73,745 in three theaters. The film was given a wide release on January 26, 1990, earning $5,705,721 over its opening weekend in 895 theaters. The film ultimately grossed $106,593,296 in North America and $39,200,000 in other territories for a worldwide total of $145,793,296.[2]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: Driving Miss Daisy was well received by critics, with particular emphasis on Morgan Freeman's and Jessica Tandy's performances. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 81% based on reviews from 59 critics, with an average score of 7.2/10. The website's critical consensus states: "Warm and smartly paced, and boasting impeccable performances from Morgan Freeman and Jessica Tandy."[5] On Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 based on reviews from mainstream critics, the film has a score of 81 based on 17 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[6] CinemaScore similarly reported that audiences gave the film a rare "A+" grade.[7]

text: Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune declared Driving Miss Daisy one of the best films of 1989.[8] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times called it "a film of great love and patience" and wrote, "It is an immensely subtle film, in which hardly any of the most important information is carried in the dialogue and in which body language, tone of voice or the look in an eye can be the most important thing in a scene. After so many movies in which shallow and violent people deny their humanity and ours, what a lesson to see a film that looks into the heart."[9] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone also gave the film a positive review, calling Tandy's performance "glorious" and opining, "This is Tandy's finest two hours onscreen in a film career that goes back to 1932."[10] The performances of Tandy and Freeman were also praised by Vincent Canby of The New York Times, who observed, "The two actors manage to be highly theatrical without breaking out of the realistic frame of the film."[11]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
List of accolades

Award / film festival
Category
Recipient(s)
Result

62nd Academy Awards
Best Picture
Richard D. Zanuck
Lili Fini Zanuck
Won

Best Actress
Jessica Tandy
Won

Best Adapted Screenplay
Alfred Uhry
Won

Best Makeup
Manlio Rocchetti
Lynn Barber
Kevin Haney
Won

Best Actor
Morgan Freeman
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor
Dan Aykroyd
Nominated

Best Art Direction-Set Decoration
Bruno Rubeo
Crispian Sallis
Nominated

Best Costume Design
Elizabeth McBride
Nominated

Best Film Editing
Mark Warner
Nominated

47th Golden Globe Awards (January 20, 1990)
Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Driving Miss Daisy
Won

Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Morgan Freeman
Won

Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Jessica Tandy
Won

text: Driving Miss Daisy also achieved the following distinctions at the 62nd Academy Awards:

text:
It is the only film based on an off Broadway production ever to win an Academy Award for Best Picture.[12]
Jessica Tandy, at age 81, became the oldest winner in the history of the Best Actress category.[12]
It was the first Best Picture winner since 1932's Grand Hotel to not also receive a Best Director nomination.[13] (This has only occurred once since, for Argo in 2012. Wings, the 1927 film that was the first to win Best Picture, did not have a nomination for director William Wellman). In his opening monologue at the 62nd Academy Awards, Billy Crystal made fun of this irony by calling it "the film that apparently directed itself".
It would also be the last Best Picture winner to be rated PG. All the winners since have been mostly rated PG-13 and R.

text: Driving Miss Daisy also won three Golden Globe Awards (Best Picture, Best Actor Morgan Freeman, and Best Actress Jessica Tandy) in the Comedy/Musical categories.[14] At the 1989 Writers Guild of America Awards, the film won in the Best Adapted Screenplay category. Rounding out its United States awards, the film won both Best Picture and Best Actor from the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures. In the United Kingdom, Driving Miss Daisy was nominated for four British Academy Film Awards, with Tandy winning in the Best Actress category. Tandy and Freeman won the Silver Bear for the Best Joint Performance at the 40th Berlin International Film Festival.[15]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The film's score was composed by Hans Zimmer, who won a BMI Film Music Award and was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television for his work. The score was performed entirely by Zimmer, done electronically using samplers and synthesizers, and did not feature a single live instrument. There is a scene, however, in which the "Song to the Moon" from the opera Rusalka by Antonín Dvořák is heard on a radio as sung by Gabriela Beňačková. Similarities have been noted between the main theme and the "plantation" folk song "Shortnin' Bread".[16] The soundtrack was issued on Varèse Sarabande.

text: Home release[edit]

text: The film was also successful on home video.[17] It was released on DVD in the US on April 30, 1997, and the special edition was released on February 4, 2003. The movie was first released on Blu-ray disc in Germany, and was finally released on Blu-ray in the US in a special edition digibook in January 2013 by Warner Bros.


document_title: List of The Middle characters

question_text: who plays sue's friend on the middle

question_tokens: who plays sue 's friend on the middle

text: List of The Middle characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Patricia Heaton as Frances "Frankie" Heck (née Spence), wife of Mike and mother of Axl, Sue, and Brick. Frankie is the central character in the show, as her voice is heard narrating at various points in every episode. She is a devoted wife and mother and sees family as the most important thing in her life. Her motto, "You do for family," guides her daily routine, despite the frustrations she encounters with her husband and three kids, as well as her older ailing relatives who often depend on her. Frankie attended college but did not finish. When the family goes on a trip, she always forgets "the blue bag" which has the food in it. She worked as a salesperson at Ehlert Motors, a job she took after losing her position as a dentist's receptionist when the office closed, only to lose her job at Ehlert Motors early in season 4. She completes dental assisting school, and gets a new job at a dentist's office near the end of season 4. Heaton wore a wig for seasons 1–4; from season 5 on, her real hair has been featured.
Neil Flynn as Michael "Mike" Heck Jr., Frankie's husband, known for his straightforward manner and lack of emotion. Mike works at the local limestone quarry as the manager. He reached his 20-year work anniversary at the quarry in the season 5 episode "The Award". Despite his no-nonsense approach to work and family, Mike is a devoted and understanding husband and father who always seems to come through for Frankie and the kids. It has been said on several occasions that Mike's favorite film is Reservoir Dogs and that he only asked Frankie out on a second date because she lied and said she also liked the film. Mike's reclusive, emotionally distant father, "Big Mike" (John Cullum), and Mike's well-meaning but unreliable brother Rusty (Norm Macdonald) both live in Orson. It is revealed in Season 8's "Clear and Present Danger" that Mike's mother died of lung cancer at age 42, and his father made him do his homework and go to school the next day instead of allowing Mike time to mourn. Mike loves all sports but is particularly passionate about seeing the Indianapolis Colts play in the Super Bowl. He and Rusty start a business in season 7, designing disposable diapers with sports team logos on them and naming their creations "Li’l Rivals."
Charlie McDermott as Axl Redford Heck, the oldest son of Frankie and Mike and who cannot be bothered to wear more than boxer shorts most of the time at home. As the elder brother, he is sarcastic, lazy, narcissistic, and selfish to his siblings. However, he has shown flashes of kindness to his family occasionally and is good at heart, which he shows when he deliberately loses a basketball game in an attempt to win back his ex-girlfriend, Morgan. He is frustrating to Frankie, who wishes he would be more open with her, as he was apparently a very loving "momma's boy" when he was a child, something Frankie seems to want to re-capture. Axl is much more popular and socially outgoing than his siblings, but is not as scholarly as they are. He plays the electric guitar, and it's presumed that he was named after Guns N' Roses frontman Axl Rose. It is revealed in season 3 that Axl is two years older than Sue as he starts his junior year at high school while Sue starts her freshman year. Mike has said that Axl is his favorite child. He has gone to prom twice with Weird Ashley (Katlin Mastandrea), an outcast at his school, both times accidentally inviting her. Axl gets another girlfriend in season 4 named Cassidy, who tutors him after Sue runs over his foot and breaks it while learning to drive. Axl and Cassidy later break up in "Hallelujah Hoedown". As a running back on his high school football team, he was recruited by a Division II state college in Indiana. After being a star player in high school, Axl was a bench warmer in college, causing him to take his pursuit of a business degree a bit more seriously. At the end of season 8, he begins dating Sue's roommate Lexie and graduates from college with a bachelor's degree in business. Between seasons 8 and 9, he travelled in Europe with Kenny to promote Kenny's upcoming apps. After briefly working as a bus driver and at Spudsy's early in season 9, Axl gets his first professional job as a sales rep for a plumbing fixture company in the episode "The 200th".
Eden Sher as Sue Sue Heck, socially awkward middle daughter of Frankie and Mike whose genuine nature, bubbly personality, and persistent sunny optimism tend to make her an object of ridicule, especially by her older brother. Despite her best efforts, she is usually unrecognized by teachers and other students, and snubbed by her peers. Her best friends are Carly and Brad. She looks up to reverend Tim-Tom. When she doesn't know something she goes to kickingitteenstyle.com. Many of her plot lines involve her being overlooked, or trying to organize parties or events and receiving no help. In season 1, she is not pictured in the yearbook despite having her picture taken three times, and she finds her favorite teacher has no memory of her at all. (She is eventually placed in the yearbook, but in the section reserved for students who died, with the caption reading: "In Loving Memory of Sue Heck, Gone Too Soon.") She wears braces on her teeth, which were briefly removed in season 3, but it was determined that they over-corrected her condition. She had them removed at the beginning of season 6, needing only a retainer. She is also left-handed, apparently the only southpaw in her immediate family. She is two years behind Axl in school, graduating high school in the season 6 finale. She is known for trying out for almost everything but never actually getting picked, because she is always terrible. When she is lying she says "and so on and so forth and what have you". In season 2, she joins the no-cut cross country team by heroically going around the track five times on crutches because she was hit by a deer the day before. She becomes a "wrestlerette" in season 3 (which turns out to be a group of fellow misfits) and dates a wrestler named Matt for a short time. In season 4, she dates Axl's friend Darrin. She is engaged to Darrin for three days in season 6, before deciding she doesn't want to get married yet and ending their relationship. This marks a rare moment where Sue is not a pushover, explaining her situation to Darrin in an intelligent, articulate, and socially mature manner. The season 3 episode "Leap Year" reveals she was a leap day baby, but then she had her 16th birthday the following season (season 4, episode 17, "Wheels of Pain"). She gets accepted to the same college Axl is attending. He didn't want her to go, but Mike and Frankie tell him it isn't his decision, and Sue does later accept the offer to attend the college. In season 9, she is a junior in college and is majoring in hotel management.
Atticus Shaffer as Brick Heck, youngest of Mike and Frankie's children. He loves to read and has a case of palilalia, which is demonstrated by his repeating words from previous sentences to himself in a whisper. In season 1 episode 5, it is revealed that he possesses an eidetic memory. He is smarter than most teenagers, having read Of Mice and Men, a book his elder brother is struggling with at the same time. He also loves the Planet Nowhere book series, which is native to the show, and the real-life Percy Jackson & the Olympians. He has referred to Diary of a Wimpy Kid as "the book that changed my life." He is exceptionally intelligent but easily distracted, leading him to procrastinate on doing his homework assignments and projects (it is loosely implied that he may perhaps have Asperger's syndrome). Brick is a known gephyrophobiac and is fascinated with fonts. Due to his awkwardness, he struggles to make friends. In season 2, he befriends an equally awkward boy named Arlo, whom even Brick struggles to deal with. He is five years behind Sue in school, starting the eighth grade in the seventh season. In season 2 Episode 7, it is revealed that he was accidentally switched at birth with another baby due to Mike watching a football game and taking home a child that the nurse brought up next to Brick, and he spent a month with that child's family while the other baby was with the Hecks. While Sue gets overlooked by classmates and teachers, Brick is constantly overlooked by his own family. Frankie and Mike have forgotten his birthday multiple times. In Season 8, Brick makes it into the National Honor Society, a first for a Heck family member, but his parents did not know until Nancy Donahue told them. He has a girlfriend named Cindy. In Season 9, Brick is a Sophomore at Orson High School.

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text:
Actor
Character
Seasons

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Brock Ciarlelli
Brad Bottig
Recurring

Jen Ray
Nancy Donahue
Recurring

Beau Wirick
Sean Donahue
Recurring

Malcolm Foster Smith
Dave
Recurring

John Gammon
Darrin McGrew
Recurring

Blaine Saunders
Carly
Recurring
Guest

Guest

Jeanette Miller
Edie Freehold
Recurring

Brian Doyle-Murray
Mr. Elhert
Recurring
Guest
Recurring
Guest

Guest

Troy Metcalf
Jim
Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Peter Breitmayer
Peter Miller
Recurring
Guest

Frances Bay
Ginny Freehold
Recurring

Andrew J. Fishman
Zach
Recurring
Guest
Recurirng
Guest

Krista Braun
Mrs. Tompkins
Recurring
Guest

Alexa Vega
Morgan
Recurring

Paul Hipp
Reverend Tim-Tom
Guest
Recurring
Guest
Recurring
Guest

Guest
Recurring

Marsha Mason
Pat Spence
Guest
Recurirng
Guest
Recurring

John Cullum
Michael Heck Sr.
Guest
Recurring
Guest

Guest

Pat Finn
Bill Norwood

Recurring

Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Julie Brown
Paula Norwood

Recurring

Guest

Recurring

Greg Cipes
Chuck

Guest
Guest
Guest

Nick Safer
Arlo

Recurring

Katlin Mastandrea
Ashley Wyman

Guest
Recurring
Guest

Recurring

Norm Macdonald
Rusty Heck

Guest
Recurring
Guest

Sean O'Bryan
Ron Donahue

Guest
Recurring

Guest

Recurring

Jerry Van Dyke
Tag Spence

Guest
Recurirng

Grace Bannon
Ruth

Recurring
Guest
Recurring

Jessica Marie Garcia
Becky

Recurring
Guest

Brittany Ross
Courtney

Recurring
Guest

Guest

Natalie Lander
Debbie

Recurring
Guest

Guest

Christopher Darga
Mr. Farrar

Recurring
Guest

Moises Arias
Matt

Recurring
Guest

Jack McBrayer
Dr. Ted Goodwin

Recurring

Recurring
Guest

Galadriel Stineman
Cassidy Finch

Recurring

Guest

Dave Foley
Dr. Fulton

Recurring
Guest

Guest

French Stewart
Principal Cameron

Recurring

Guest

Guest

Tommy Bechtold
Kenny

Recurring

Alphonso McAuley
Hutch

Recurring
Guest

Brooke Dillman
Tink Babbit

Guest
Recurring
Guest

Casey Burke
Cindy

Recurring

Gia Mantegna
Devin Levin

Recurring
Guest

David Hull
Logan

Guest
Recurring

Jovan Armand
Troy

Recurring

Daniela Bobadilla
Lexie Brooks[2]

Recurring

Will Green
Jeremy

Recurring

Keaton Savage
Tyler

Guest
Recurring

Greer Grammer
April

Recurring

Lisa Rinna
Tammy Brooks

Guest

text: Extended family[edit]

text:
Edie and Ginny Freehold (Jeanette Miller and Frances Bay, introduced in Season 1) are Frankie's elderly aunts who are heavy smokers and drinkers. Aunt Edie used to work in Mike's quarry as the bookkeeper, often showing signs of memory loss. One such occasion is when they went to a funeral for Edie and Ginny's brother, and Aunt Edie thought it was her birthday. Aunt Ginny uses a wheelchair and rarely talks. They have a sickly Basset Hound named Doris. On many occasions, Frankie is forced to care for Doris unexpectedly; on one such occasion, Doris gave birth to puppies. In the season 3 episode "The Map", which premiered in early 2012, Aunt Ginny dies. (The actress who portrayed her, Frances Bay, had died in real life.) Brick's elderly friend, Grandma Dot, then moves in with Edie to take care of her. In the early 2015 episode, "Hecks on a Train", Aunt Edie has just died (actress Jeanette Miller had retired from acting) and the Hecks are left to care for Doris.
Michael "Big Mike" Heck Sr. (John Cullum, introduced in Season 1) is Mike's reclusive, man-of-few-words father, who is a widower. He appears to be an unloving, uncaring parent, but this is primarily because he simply does not want to be a "bother" for either of his sons. He is also depicted as a hoarder. In Season 6, Big Mike and Axl fixed the Hecks’ kitchen sink, which was a rare bonding experience for the two of them.
Orville "Rusty" Heck (Norm Macdonald, introduced in Season 2) is Mike's unreliable, silly brother. He often makes up excuses why he can't be anywhere or do anything Mike asks him to do. He once took Brick out of school to bowl and to teach him how to drive, even though he was not old enough or ready. It is revealed in the season 3 finale that his real first name is Orville. In the season 3 finale the Hecks get an invitation to his wedding but it says the wedding is happening at their house. Rusty marries a woman called Marlene, but in season 5 when Marlene invites herself to Thanksgiving at the Hecks' house, Rusty tells them that they got a divorce because she slept with his best friend. Rusty appears later in season 5 and is homeless (again). He ends up moving in with the Hecks, and accompanies Mike and Brick to Brick's spelling bee in Chicago, where Rusty makes a deal with Brick to lose, allowing Rusty to win some money on a bet he made. In Season 7, Rusty comes up with a business idea that Mike shockingly thinks might work, and the two start a side business together.
Pat Spence (Marsha Mason, introduced in Season 1) is Frankie's mother. Pat appeared at least once in all of the first seven seasons. Her first appearance was in season 1 episode 22 ("Mother's Day"). Her latest appearance was in the season 9 episode "The Setup".
Tag Spence (Jerry Van Dyke, introduced in Season 2) is Frankie's father. Tag is a schmoozer and always talks to Mike endlessly, which Mike finds very uncomfortable and annoying. In season 4 Tag calls Mike to meet up at a Stuckey's restaurant, to have man-to-man chats every Sunday. After a couple of meetings, Mike decides he just can't possibly stand to do it any longer, so he suggests that Tag should try chatting with people on Facebook. Tag's latest appearance was in season 6, episode 21 ("Two of a Kind"). The episode reveals a longstanding feud between Tag and his brother Dutch (played by Jerry Van Dyke's real-life brother Dick Van Dyke), which is mostly fueled by Tag's jealousy, and Mike and Frankie end up trying to resolve it.

text: Co-workers[edit]

text:
Bob Weaver (Chris Kattan, introduced in Season 1) is Frankie's co-worker and friend at Ehlert Motors. He is depicted as a lonely, insecure man who lives with his mother and doesn't seem to have any friends. Thus, he tends to insert himself into the Hecks' family life whenever he can. Bob was credited as a main character in the first two seasons, but the role was significantly reduced after Frankie was fired from Ehlert Motors. He was a recurring character in Season 3, and has since made two other appearances (the most recent in Season 5, when Frankie rushes out to her dental office job but accidentally goes to Ehlert Motors). Bob and Mike once moonlighted together delivering Little Betty snack cakes to stores.
Don Ehlert (Brian Doyle-Murray, introduced in Season 1) is the racist and misogynistic owner of the car dealership where Frankie used to work, and where Bob presumably still works. Frankie and Bob constantly worry that he is going to fire them. Ehlert's wife left him when he chose work over her, and Frankie was first sympathetic but later turned angry. He often drinks at work. Elhert, like Mike, likes sports. As with Bob, appearances by the Mr. Ehlert character were significantly reduced after Frankie was fired from Ehlert Motors.
Pete Miller (Peter Breitmayer, introduced in Season 1) is Ehlert Motors' best salesman and star employee, and he is not afraid to tell everyone about it. Pete often brags about his success at Frankie’s and Bob's expense, putting them down about how little they contribute to the business while developing a "teacher's pet" relationship with Mr. Ehlert.
Dave (Malcolm Foster Smith, introduced in Season 1) is an employee at the quarry Mike manages. He has appeared in at least two episodes every season.
Jim (Troy Metcalf, introduced in Season 1) is an employee at the quarry Mike manages. He has appeared in at least one episode every season.
Chuck (Greg Cipes, introduced in Season 2) is a younger employee at the quarry Mike manages. He once babysat for Brick, giving him questionable advice on a school project. He often speaks in the third person, referring to himself as "The Chuck".
Dr. Ted Goodwin (Jack McBrayer, introduced in Season 4) is the dentist who hires Frankie as a hygienist in season 4. He has few friends, and Frankie is forced to spend time with him after work in "The Jump" (season 5).[3] Ted's dental office is bought out by the conglomerate Smile Sensations in Season 7, and Frankie does not like the changes.
Edwin (Jimmy Bellinger, introduced in Season 5) is the young manager at Spudsy's, where Sue has worked steadily since season 5.

text: Neighbors[edit]

text:
Sean Donahue (Beau Wirick, introduced in season 1) is one of Axl's best friends, teammate on the high school football team, and neighbor Nancy Donahue's only son. He is helpful, polite, and friendly, which makes him outwardly the opposite of Axl; that said, he always supports everything Axl does. In season 2, Sue develops a crush on Sean, but eventually ends the one-way relationship. In season 5, Sean came back from college to take Sue to prom upon learning that she had no date, but by the time he arrived, Sue had made plans to go with Darrin. Similarly, he often makes the several hour drive home from Notre Dame (at the request of his mother) to help the Hecks whenever there is a crisis, only to find the crisis resolved by the time he gets there. It was revealed in the season 7 episode "Hecks at a Movie" that his and Axl's respective first kisses were inadvertently with one another in a dark closet, something they have vowed to never speak of again. Also in season 7, Sean has taken on a "hippie" persona and has become a vegetarian (much to Nancy's embarrassment). By season 8, Sean has reverted by to a more clean-cut look. The events of Season 8 reveal that Sean and Sue have a mutual affection, but neither person is yet aware of the other's feelings. In the season 9 episode "The Christmas Miracle," Sue and Sean are talking when the eventually realize they both have feelings for each other and kiss.
Nancy Donahue (Jen Ray, introduced in season 1) is the Hecks' neighbor and president of the booster club. The Donahues (Nancy, her husband Ron, their son Sean, and their two daughters) are portrayed as the idyllic family Frankie yearns to be like. From season 5, episode 4 ("The 100th"), Nancy and Frankie's friendship has waned a little, mainly because Nancy overheard Mike and Frankie talking about her. In Season 7, Episode 18 ("A Very Donahue Vacation") Nancy's daughter, Shelly hears Frankie talking about Nancy and tells her. However, Nancy forgives Frankie and they remain good friends.
Ron Donahue (Sean O'Bryan, introduced in season 2) is Nancy's husband and Sean's father, who appears to be very involved in his kids' lives.
Rita Glossner (Brooke Shields, introduced in season 1) is the Hecks' uncouth and troubled neighbor. She is the single parent of three rambunctious boys, as she had kicked the boys' father out of the house some years ago. The Glossners appear to be the only family on the block that is worse off financially than the Hecks. Rita often shows her disdain for the Hecks' higher status, even calling Frankie a "one-percenter" in the Season 7 episode, "Halloween VI: Tick Tock Death". The Season 8 episode "Trip and Fall" reveals that Rita has a fourth son, Rodney, her oldest child who has just made her a grandmother.
Derrick Glossner (David Chandler), Wade Glossner (Parker Bolek), and "Diaper" Glossner (Gibson Bobby Sjobeck) (all introduced in season 1) make up the dreaded Glossner boys, Rita's children. They are neighborhood bullies who used to terrorize Sue and Brick. In the first season, Sue and Carly attempt to fight the two older Glossner boys via a dance routine set to "Kung Fu Fighting". In the fifth season, Derrick reveals he has a crush on Sue and unexpectedly kisses her multiple times. Despite describing her as a "rich girl" with "one dad and two different kinds of chips" (and thus out of his league), he vows to better himself and come back for her someday.
Paula Norwood (Julie Brown, introduced in season 2) is another of the Hecks' neighbors. She serves as somewhat of a counterpoint to the idyllic Nancy Donahue in that her life and family (including husband Bill) is depicted as being similar to Frankie's, having a lot of the same issues.
Bill Norwood (Pat Finn, introduced in season 2) is the Hecks' neighbor and Paula’s husband who frequently embarrasses her. Bill tends to try too hard to convince Mike he's his friend, to the point of buying Mike expensive sunglasses for Christmas, even though the two had never agreed to exchange gifts. Bill reveals in the Season 9 episode "The 200th" that he and Paula are separated.
Dierdre Peterson (Emily Rutherfurd, introduced in season 7) is the Hecks' new next-door neighbor. She has three rambunctious, noisy children, plus a new baby.

text: Friends and classmates[edit]

text:
Darrin McGrew (John Gammon, introduced in season 1) is Axl's other best friend (along with Sean Donahue) and teammate. Darrin is the most passive and simple of Axl's friends, often landing himself, Sean, and Axl in problematic situations. In season 3, he takes Sue to the prom because of her "sunny disposition" and explained to Axl that he (Darrin) just wanted to go with someone and dance. In season 4, Darrin takes Sue to a Valentine's Day dance after her date cancels; and when tidying up in the hall after the dance they share a kiss. Later Darrin confides that he wants to continue dating Sue, which angers Axl. However, near the end of season 4, Sue breaks up with him after he accidentally punched her in the face while she was trying to break up a fight between him and Axl. After high school, Darrin enrolls in a heating and air conditioning repair school. In season 5, Sue feels like the breakup was a mistake and realizes that they only broke up because Axl was being so weird about it. With Axl having gone off to college, Sue gains a renewed interest in Darrin until she sees that he has a new girlfriend (Angel). Darrin later decides that his current girlfriend is too high-maintenance and he brings flowers to Sue, only to see her being kissed by Derrick Glossner. Despite a series of misunderstandings, the two ultimately reconnect at Sue's prom in season 5, and become a couple again. He proposes to Sue in the 6th season, and under pressure, she accepts. (In this episode, you see Darrin's mom for the first time and Darrin's last name is revealed to be McGrew, after Axl jokes that Sue's married name would be Sue Sue McGrew.) After realizing she doesn't want to be married yet, Sue breaks off the engagement with him three days later. Darrin has not appeared since that episode.
Carly (Blaine Saunders, introduced in Season 1) is Sue's best female friend. She began in season 1 as a geeky character, wearing glasses and braces. Her braces were removed mid-season 1, and she became more popular as a result. Sue seems to be jealous, if only subconsciously, and wears makeup which her family finds garish. From season 2 onwards, Carly has reverted to a more geeky look. After making multiple appearances in Seasons 1–4, Carly only made one appearance in Season 5 (Episode 14, "The Award") and one appearance in Season 6 (Episode 11, "A Quarry Story"). In a season 9 episode ("New Year's Revelations"), Carly attends the Hecks' New Year's Eve party, where it is revealed that she has a baby (and it is implied that she is a single mother).
Zack (Andrew J. Fishman, introduced in Season 1) is Brick's friend from the socially challenged class. He has a tendency to behave like a cat, meowing and wearing oven mitts. Zack has not appeared in the show since Season 4.
Arlo (Nick Shafer, introduced in Season 2) is a friend Brick meets during the second season. He has an obsession with keeping everything on a schedule and takes frequent and lengthy bathroom breaks in the episode "Mother's Day II" when he is accompanying the Hecks to Brown County. He does not show up in the third or fourth season, although in "Year of the Hecks", he is mentioned.
Ashley "Weird Ashley" Wyman (Katlin Mastandrea, introduced in Season 2) is Axl's weird classmate who has twice been his accidental date to prom. She is also on Sue's wrestlerette team. She has a keen interest in wizards, although she has never heard of Harry Potter. At their third prom together, Ashley is not Axl's date but dances with him when he's announced as prom king, as Axl and his date Cassidy had broken up only a few moments before the announcement. Axl is known to have a hatred towards her as he still regrets sending a text message about going to a prom with her. In season 5, Ashley invites Sue to hang with her at prom, as they are both there without dates, while Frankie's voice-over chides: "It wouldn't be prom if a Heck wasn't accompanied by Weird Ashley." In season 6, Ashley appears in Axl's dorm building out of nowhere, announcing she has transferred to East Indiana State because of their hotel management program. She tells Devin Levin that Axl was her boyfriend, which Axl of course vehemently denies. During an encounter with Axl in Season 8 ("Exes and Ohhhs"), Ashley gets angry with him because he never officially said that he had no romantic interest in her, leading her to believe there was always a chance.
Ruth (Grace Bannon, introduced in Season 3) is a member of Sue's wrestlerette team, depicted as an extreme religious conservative, often referencing "the rapture". Unlike the other wrestlerettes, Ruth wears an ankle-length skirt.
Becky (Jessica Marie Garcia, introduced in Season 3) is a rough-and-tumble member of Sue's wrestlerette team.
Charles "Hutch" Hutchinson (Alphonso McAuley, introduced in Season 5) is Axl's football teammate, best friend, and eventual roommate at college. Like Axl, Hutch does not get much playing time on the East Indiana State football team. In the Season 9 episode, Eyes Wide Open, Axl visits Hutch at his new place in Chicago and finds that Hutch has turned into a responsible adult.
Kenny (Tommy Bechtold, introduced in Season 5) is Axl's college roommate who does nothing but play World of Warcraft. He is mostly shown from behind as he sits at his computer. His face was shown briefly at the end of the season 5 episode "The Kiss". In an episode of season 6 ("The Table") Axl and Hutch move out of the dorm and into a rental house, but realize they can't afford it on their own. They look up Kenny and invite him to be their roommate, too, as he apparently is reliable in paying bills and rent. Kenny speaks on-screen for the first time (and his face is shown again) in the Season 7 episode "Halloween VI: Tick Tock Death". The Season 8 episode "Pitch Imperfect" reveals that Kenny has developed some apps in between playing games, and has a fairly substantial net worth.
Cindy (Casey Burke, introduced in Season 6) is a classmate of Brick's who becomes his pseudo-girlfriend in season 6. Though she stands taller than Brick, she seems as quirky as he is. She always wears a safari hat, her facial expression shows no emotion, and, since she finds Brick's missing shoe in her first appearance, it is heavily implied that the character is named for Cinderella. Cindy is very brief and direct in her communication. She has stated in multiple episodes that her favorite food is shrimp. Cindy's flaky parents are introduced in the season 7 episode "Crushed", when they ask the Hecks for a significant loan to save their house from foreclosure. The Hecks aren't able to help, forcing Cindy's family to move in with her grandparents. This seemingly ends her relationship with Brick, until it is shown that her grandparents live only a block away. It's implied in the season 7 episode "Halloween VII" that Brick and Cindy eventually marry and start a family. In Season 8's "The Final Final", Brick is elated to learn that Cindy's doctor told her she has likely stopped growing. Cindy and Brick briefly break up early in season 9, but are back together as of the episode "The 200th".
Troy (Jovan Armand, introduced in Season 7) is Brick's large classmate who initially protects him from school bullies, then later becomes his friend.
Lexie Brooks (Daniela Bobadilla, introduced in season 7) is Sue's college classmate who, like Sue, fails to get accepted by any sororities at the school. She later becomes Sue's dorm mate and friend. She loves horses, and her family is rich. In the Season 8 episode "Hoosier Maid", Lexie realizes she likes Axl, after denying his implications for several weeks. Because Axl is with April, she doesn't act on her feelings. However, after one date with Sean Donahue, Lexie tells Sue she thinks she wants more of a "bad boy". She ultimately reveals to Sue that she really really likes Axl in the Season 8 episode "Swing and a Miss". Axl returns her feelings by kissing her in "The Par-Tay." They date in secret in "The Confirmation" and then by the end of the episode, their relationship is public knowledge. In "The Final Final", they're shown to be happily together.

text: Axl's love interests[edit]

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Morgan (Alexa Vega, introduced in Season 1) is Axl's first girlfriend on the series, whom Frankie takes an instant liking to due to her straight-A grades and talent in multiple areas. However, after she breaks Axl's heart more than once, Frankie eventually explodes with anger and throws a beanbag at Morgan during a birthday party.
Courtney and Debbie (Brittany Ross and Natalie Lander, introduced in Season 3) are airheaded, think-alike cheerleaders in Axl and Sue's high school who date Axl as one. Because the two are inseparable, Axl struggles to figure out which one is his real girlfriend and which one is just hanging out with the other. He makes a calculated guess that Courtney is his girlfriend and kisses her, which causes both girls to slap him and break up with him. They perpetually overlook Sue, often thinking she is a new exchange student, and later calling her a freshman during her senior year. In Season 7, it is revealed that Courtney and Debbie are assistant cheerleading coaches at Orson High, and that they no longer like each other.
Cassidy Finch (Galadriel Stineman, introduced in Season 4) is Axl's girlfriend in his senior year of high school. She met Axl when he was trying to boost his grades and needed a tutor. They didn't get along very well in their first session, but then Axl kissed her and soon found out she had a boyfriend. She later broke up with her old boyfriend to be with Axl. Late in season 4, Cassidy's ex-boyfriend returns, putting tension between Axl and Cassidy for a while before they come back together. They break up in the episode "Hallelujah Hoedown", after Cassidy reveals she is going away in three weeks for an internship program and that they will be in different colleges come September. They begin speaking again in "The Award" (season 5), after Cassidy leaves an embarrassing message on Axl's voicemail. After a brief reconnection during spring break, Cassidy breaks up with Axl again, saying it isn't fair to either of them to pursue a relationship while being 800 miles apart.
Devin Levin (Gia Mantegna, introduced in Season 6) is a relative of Frankie's hairdresser who was only an acquaintance of Axl's in the past. In season 6, he notices how she has blossomed and that they share many interests, and they begin dating. The two briefly break up when Devin notices that Axl still has her listed as "Uggo from Idaho" in his cell phone contacts, but they get back together later on. Early in Season 7, they break up again, each agreeing they should see other people during their college years.
April (Greer Grammer, introduced in Season 8) is Axl's love interest, whom he meets offscreen between Seasons 7 and 8. April is beautiful and sweet, but not very smart. Frankie immediately tells Axl he can do better, causing a rift between mother and son. Mike initially likes April, but later has a conversation with Axl in which he calls her "dumb as a box of hammers". Defiant, Axl marries April in a civil service. After both sets of parents find out, the marriage is annulled. Axl briefly continues to date his ex-wife, but later breaks up with April in order to pursue Lexie.
Lexie Brooks[4] (Daniela Bobadilla, introduced in Season 7) is Sue's best friend at college who is also now Axl's girlfriend.

text: Sue's love interests[edit]

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Brad Bottig (Brock Ciarlelli, introduced in Season 1) is Sue's flamboyant, theater-loving, tap dancing and slightly camp ex-boyfriend, who is on the high school wrestling team. They date during Thanksgiving (Season 1), but soon break up. Mike and Frankie assume the breakup was the result of Sue learning that Brad is gay, but Sue claims it’s because she found out Brad has a smoking habit. Brad and Sue have remained good friends despite their breakup, and she remains seemingly unaware of his obvious, if stereotypical, homosexual behavior. From Season 5 onwards, Brad seems to be Sue's closest friend. In Season 7, Brad prepares to tell Sue a secret (in which he is about to come out as gay), to which she responds that she knows, and she shows him love and support. In Season 8, Brad transfers to East Indiana State, saying he felt dwarfed as a student at NYU.
Matt (Moisés Arias, introduced in Season 3) is a boy on the wrestling team at Orson High who likes Sue; he becomes Sue's first real boyfriend but eventually ends the relationship after moving away and falling for another girl. In season 4, Matt asks Sue to the school Valentine's Day dance because he broke up with his girlfriend Sherrie. He later calls Sue at the last minute to say that he and Sherrie got back together, and he is no longer taking her to the dance. This paves the way for Darrin to swoop in and save the day for Sue.
Darrin McGrew
Logan (David Hull, introduced in Season 6) is a guy from another high school who works as a shirtless model in the Abercrombie & Fitch store at the same mall where Sue works. He asks Sue to her prom after seeing her depressed over breaking up with Darrin, and he later reveals that he likes her. The two later try to connect during a chance encounter at East Indiana State, but Sue had taken Brick along that day, and he gets lost. Finally, Logan and Sue meet at a movie theater, where Logan says he is majoring in Religious Studies and plans to be a priest, disappointing Sue.
Jeremy (Will Green, introduced in Season 7) is a hardcore environmentalist and anti-capitalist whom Sue first meets when he is chained to a tree on campus. The two briefly date, but Sue breaks up with Jeremy early in season 8.
Tyler (Keaton Savage, introduced in Season 7) is the boy who drives the safe ride cart on the East Indiana State campus. He becomes Sue's brief love interest in season 8, until she spends most of their first date talking about Sean Donahue.
Sean Donahue has a crush on Sue, but Sue doesn't know. Sue has a crush on Sean, but Sean doesn't know. In the season 9 episode "The Christmas Miracle," the two finally kiss.
Aidan (Jackson White, introduced in season 9) delivers food to Lexie and Sue's apartment on the evening when Sean Donahue is supposed to set up Sue with a blind date. In reality, Sean was going to surprise Sue by being her mystery date, but Sue assumes that Aidan is actually whom Sean sent. They go on an accidental date that evening, and Aidan later surprises Sue at the Hecks' New Year's Eve party, where he kisses her at midnight (thwarting Sean's plans to kiss Sue). Aidan is very clumsy and keeps accidentally injuring Sue, causing her to try to break up with him, but Brad begs her not to end the relationship until he has a chance to ask out Aidan's bandmate Luke. By the time Brad and Luke hit it off, Sue realizes how similar she and Aidan are and decides not to break up with him after all.

text: School staff[edit]

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Mrs. Tompkins (Krista Braun, introduced in Season 1) is Brick's social skills mentor and guidance counselor.
Mr. Farrar (Christopher Darga, introduced in Season 3) is a teacher at Orson High.
Dr. Fulton (Dave Foley, introduced in Season 4) is the school therapist. He is an odd character who helps Brick bond with his peers and try to fit in more at school. An insecure man himself, Dr. Fulton is obsessed with his ex-wife Shelly, whom he mentions nearly every time Brick talks to him for "help". In Season 8, he tells Brick he is dating a 68-year-old woman named Barbara, whom he prefers to call "Shelly".
Principal Cameron (French Stewart, introduced in Season 4) is the principal at Orson High.
Coach Tink Babbitt (Brooke Dillman, introduced in Season 5) is a physical education teacher and detention monitor at Orson High. In the Season 8 episode "Swing and a Miss", Mike hires Tink as a part-time assistant at the quarry, solely for the purpose of making her eligible to play on the quarry's softball team.

text: Miscellaneous characters[edit]

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Reverend Timothy "Tim-Tom" Thomas (Paul Hipp, introduced in Season 1), is a youth minister at the Hecks' church whom Sue deeply admires. He surprised Sue by remembering her name after only having met her once, and always seems to appear just when Sue needs help the most. He is known for frequently playing his acoustic guitar and making almost anything into a song. He plays guitar with Axl on one occasion when encouraging him to do the right thing. In season 5, Reverend Tim-Tom gets a girlfriend (Reverend Tammy, played by Casey Wilson). Sue takes a disliking to Tammy and isn't sure how to tell Reverend Tim-Tom, but Sue changes her mind about Tammy after the two talk.
Reverend Hager (Dierk Torsek, introduced in Season 1) is the pastor at the Hecks' church.

text: Notable guest stars[edit]

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Amy Sedaris as Abby Michaels (Season 1)
Betty White as Mrs. Nethercott (Season 1)
Doris Roberts as Mrs. Rinsky (Season 2)
Ray Romano as Nicky Kohlbrenner (Season 3)
Molly Shannon as Frankie's sister Janet (Seasons 3 and 4)
Ed Asner as Ben (Season 3)
Richard Gant as Pastor Watkins (Season 3)
Whoopi Goldberg as Ms. Jane Marsh (Season 3)
David Koechner as Jeff Webber (Season 4)
Carolyn Hennesy as Connie McDonald (Season 4)
Marion Ross as Ms. Dunlap (Season 4)
Rachel Dratch as Principal Barker (Season 5)
Keegan-Michael Key as Reverend Deveaux (Season 5)
Casey Wilson as Reverend Tammy (Season 5)
Nicole Sullivan as Vicki (Season 5)
Mindy Cohn as Kimberly (Season 5)
Richard Kind as Dr. Niller (Season 6)
Kirstie Alley as Pam Staggs (Season 6)
Dick Van Dyke as Paul "Dutch" Spence (Season 6)
Faith Ford as Sheila (Season 7)
Cheryl Hines as Dr. Sommer Samuelson (Season 7)
Josh Cooke as Nick Grant (Season 7)
Alan Ruck as Jack Kershaw (Season 7)
Monica Horan as Anna Ferguson (Season 8)
Alan Rachins as Mort (Season 8)
Lisa Rinna as Tammy Brooks (Season 9)
Gregory Harrison as Bennett Brooks (Season 9)