document_title: Chlorophyll

question_text: where will chlorophyll be found in the chloroplast

text: Chlorophyll

text: History[edit]

text: Chlorophyll was first isolated and named by Joseph Bienaimé Caventou and Pierre Joseph Pelletier in 1817.[5] The presence of magnesium in chlorophyll was discovered in 1906,[6] and was the first time that magnesium had been detected in living tissue.[7]

text: After initial work done by German chemist Richard Willstätter spanning from 1905 to 1915, the general structure of chlorophyll a was elucidated by Hans Fischer in 1940. By 1960, when most of the stereochemistry of chlorophyll a was known, Robert Burns Woodward published a total synthesis of the molecule.[7][8] In 1967, the last remaining stereochemical elucidation was completed by Ian Fleming,[9] and in 1990 Woodward and co-authors published an updated synthesis.[10] Chlorophyll f was announced to be present in cyanobacteria and other oxygenic microorganisms that form stromatolites in 2010;[11][12] a molecular formula of C55H70O6N4Mg and a structure of (2-formyl)-chlorophyll a were deduced based on NMR, optical and mass spectra.[13]

text: Photosynthesis[edit]

text: Chlorophyll is vital for photosynthesis, which allows plants to absorb energy from light.[14]

text: Chlorophyll molecules are arranged in and around photosystems that are embedded in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts.[15] In these complexes, chlorophyll serves three functions. The function of the vast majority of chlorophyll (up to several hundred molecules per photosystem) is to absorb light. Having done so, these same centers execute their second function: the transfer of that light energy by resonance energy transfer to a specific chlorophyll pair in the reaction center of the photosystems. This pair effects the final function of chlorophylls, charge separation, leading to biosynthesis. The two currently accepted photosystem units are photosystem II and photosystem I, which have their own distinct reaction centres, named P680 and P700, respectively. These centres are named after the wavelength (in nanometers) of their red-peak absorption maximum. The identity, function and spectral properties of the types of chlorophyll in each photosystem are distinct and determined by each other and the protein structure surrounding them. Once extracted from the protein into a solvent (such as acetone or methanol),[16][17][18] these chlorophyll pigments can be separated into chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b.

text: The function of the reaction center of chlorophyll is to absorb light energy and transfer it to other parts of the photosystem. The absorbed energy of the photon is transferred to an electron in a process called charge separation. The removal of the electron from the chlorophyll is an oxidation reaction. The chlorophyll donates the high energy electron to a series of molecular intermediates called an electron transport chain. The charged reaction center of chlorophyll (P680+) is then reduced back to its ground state by accepting an electron stripped from water. The electron that reduces P680+ ultimately comes from the oxidation of water into O2 and H+ through several intermediates. This reaction is how photosynthetic organisms such as plants produce O2 gas, and is the source for practically all the O2 in Earth's atmosphere. Photosystem I typically works in series with Photosystem II; thus the P700+ of Photosystem I is usually reduced as it accepts the electron, via many intermediates in the thylakoid membrane, by electrons coming, ultimately, from Photosystem II. Electron transfer reactions in the thylakoid membranes are complex, however, and the source of electrons used to reduce P700+ can vary.

text: The electron flow produced by the reaction center chlorophyll pigments is used to pump H+ ions across the thylakoid membrane, setting up a chemiosmotic potential used mainly in the production of ATP (stored chemical energy) or to reduce NADP+ to NADPH. NADPH is a universal agent used to reduce CO2 into sugars as well as other biosynthetic reactions.

text: Reaction center chlorophyll–protein complexes are capable of directly absorbing light and performing charge separation events without the assistance of other chlorophyll pigments, but the probability of that happening under a given light intensity is small. Thus, the other chlorophylls in the photosystem and antenna pigment proteins all cooperatively absorb and funnel light energy to the reaction center. Besides chlorophyll a, there are other pigments, called accessory pigments, which occur in these pigment–protein antenna complexes.

text: Chemical structure[edit]

text: Chlorophylls are numerous types, but all are defined by the presence of a fifth ring beyond the four pyrrole-like rings. Most chlorophylls are classified as chlorins, which are reduced relatives to porphyrins (found in hemoglobin). They share a common biosynthetic pathway as porphyrins, including the precursor uroporphyrinogen III. Unlike hemes, which feature iron at the center of the tetrapyrrole ring, chlorophylls bind magnesium. For the structures depicted in this article, some of the ligands attached to the Mg2+ center are omitted for clarity. The chlorin ring can have various side chains, usually including a long phytol chain. The most widely distributed form in terrestrial plants is chlorophyll a.

text: The structures of chlorophylls are summarized below:[citation needed]

text:
Chlorophyll a
Chlorophyll b
Chlorophyll c1
Chlorophyll c2
Chlorophyll d
Chlorophyll f

Molecular formula
C55H72O5N4Mg
C55H70O6N4Mg
C35H30O5N4Mg
C35H28O5N4Mg
C54H70O6N4Mg
C55H70O6N4Mg

C2 group
-CH3
-CH3
-CH3
-CH3
-CH3
-CHO

C3 group
-CH=CH2
-CH=CH2
-CH=CH2
-CH=CH2
-CHO
-CH=CH2

C7 group
-CH3
-CHO
-CH3
-CH3
-CH3
-CH3

C8 group
-CH2CH3
-CH2CH3
-CH2CH3
-CH=CH2
-CH2CH3
-CH2CH3

C17 group
-CH2CH2COO-Phytyl
-CH2CH2COO-Phytyl
-CH=CHCOOH
-CH=CHCOOH
-CH2CH2COO-Phytyl
-CH2CH2COO-Phytyl

C17-C18 bond
Single
(chlorin)
Single
(chlorin)
Double
(porphyrin)
Double
(porphyrin)
Single
(chlorin)
Single
(chlorin)

Occurrence
Universal
Mostly plants
Various algae
Various algae
Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria

text:
Structure of chlorophyll a

Structure of chlorophyll b

Structure of chlorophyll d

Structure of chlorophyll c1

Structure of chlorophyll c2

Structure of chlorophyll f

text: When leaves degreen in the process of plant senescence, chlorophyll is converted to a group of colourless tetrapyrroles known as nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCC's) with the general structure:

text: These compounds have also been identified in several ripening fruits.[19]

text: Measurement of chlorophyll content[edit]

text: Measurement of the absorption of light is complicated by the solvent used to extract the chlorophyll from plant material, which affects the values obtained,

text:
In diethyl ether, chlorophyll a has approximate absorbance maxima of 430 nm and 662 nm, while chlorophyll b has approximate maxima of 453 nm and 642 nm.[20]
The absorption peaks of chlorophyll a are at 465 nm and 665 nm. Chlorophyll a fluoresces at 673 nm (maximum) and 726 nm. The peak molar absorption coefficient of chlorophyll a exceeds 105 M−1 cm−1, which is among the highest for small-molecule organic compounds.[21]
In 90% acetone-water, the peak absorption wavelengths of chlorophyll a are 430 nm and 664 nm; peaks for chlorophyll b are 460 nm and 647 nm; peaks for chlorophyll c1 are 442 nm and 630 nm; peaks for chlorophyll c2 are 444 nm and 630 nm; peaks for chlorophyll d are 401 nm, 455 nm and 696 nm.[22]

tag: ul

text: By measuring the absorption of light in the red and far red regions, it is possible to estimate the concentration of chlorophyll within a leaf.[23]

text: Ratio fluorescence emission can be used to measure chlorophyll content. By exciting chlorophyll “a” fluorescence at a lower wavelength, the ratio of chlorophyll fluorescence emission at 705 nm +/- 10 nm and 735 nm +/-10 nm can provide a linear relationship of chlorophyll content when compared to chemical testing. The ratio F735/F700 provided a correlation value of r2 0.96 compared to chemical testing in the range from 41 mg m−2 up to 675 mg m−2. Gitelson also developed a formula for direct readout of chlorophyll content in mg m−2. The formula provided a reliable method of measuring chlorophyll content from 41 mg m−2 up to 675 mg m−2 with a correlation r2 value of 0.95.[24]

text: Biosynthesis[edit]

text: In plants, chlorophyll may be synthesized from succinyl-CoA and glycine, although the immediate precursor to chlorophyll a and b is protochlorophyllide. In Angiosperm plants, the last step, the conversion of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyll, is light-dependent and such plants are pale (etiolated) if grown in darkness. Non-vascular plants and green algae have an additional light-independent enzyme and grow green even in darkness.

text: Chlorophyll itself is bound to proteins and can transfer the absorbed energy in the required direction. Protochlorophyllide occurs mostly in the free form and, under light conditions, acts as a photosensitizer, forming highly toxic free radicals. Hence, plants need an efficient mechanism of regulating the amount of chlorophyll precursor. In angiosperms, this is done at the step of aminolevulinic acid (ALA), one of the intermediate compounds in the biosynthesis pathway. Plants that are fed by ALA accumulate high and toxic levels of protochlorophyllide; so do the mutants with the damaged regulatory system.[25]

text: Chlorosis is a condition in which leaves produce insufficient chlorophyll, turning them yellow. Chlorosis can be caused by a nutrient deficiency of iron — called iron chlorosis — or by a shortage of magnesium or nitrogen. Soil pH sometimes plays a role in nutrient-caused chlorosis; many plants are adapted to grow in soils with specific pH levels and their ability to absorb nutrients from the soil can be dependent on this.[26] Chlorosis can also be caused by pathogens including viruses, bacteria and fungal infections, or sap-sucking insects.

text: Complementary light absorbance of anthocyanins with chlorophylls[edit]

text: Anthocyanins are other plant pigments. The absorbance pattern responsible for the red color of anthocyanins may be complementary to that of green chlorophyll in photosynthetically active tissues such as young Quercus coccifera leaves. It may protect the leaves from attacks by plant eaters that may be attracted by green color.[27]

text: Distribution[edit]

text: The chlorophyll maps show milligrams of chlorophyll per cubic meter of seawater each month. Places where chlorophyll amounts were very low, indicating very low numbers of phytoplankton, are blue. Places where chlorophyll concentrations were high, meaning many phytoplankton were growing, are yellow. The observations come from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Aqua satellite. Land is dark gray, and places where MODIS could not collect data because of sea ice, polar darkness, or clouds are light gray.The highest chlorophyll concentrations, where tiny surface-dwelling ocean plants are thriving, are in cold polar waters or in places where ocean currents bring cold water to the surface, such as around the equator and along the shores of continents. It is not the cold water itself that stimulates the phytoplankton. Instead, the cool temperatures are often a sign that the water has welled up to the surface from deeper in the ocean, carrying nutrients that have built up over time. In polar waters, nutrients accumulate in surface waters during the dark winter months when plants cannot grow. When sunlight returns in the spring and summer, the plants flourish in high concentrations.[28]

text: Culinary use[edit]

text: Chlorophyll is registered as a food additive (colorant), and its E number is E140. Chefs use chlorophyll to color a variety of foods and beverages green, such as pasta and absinthe.[29] Chlorophyll is not soluble in water, and it is first mixed with a small quantity of vegetable oil to obtain the desired solution.


document_title: Arithmetic logic unit

question_text: who introduced the concept of providing alu in the computer system

root

text: Arithmetic logic unit

text: Signals[edit]

text: An ALU has a variety of input and output nets, which are the electrical conductors used to convey digital signals between the ALU and external circuitry. When an ALU is operating, external circuits apply signals to the ALU inputs and, in response, the ALU produces and conveys signals to external circuitry via its outputs.

tag: p

text: Data[edit]

text: A basic ALU has three parallel data buses consisting of two input operands (A and B) and a result output (Y). Each data bus is a group of signals that conveys one binary integer number. Typically, the A, B and Y bus widths (the number of signals comprising each bus) are identical and match the native word size of the external circuitry (e.g., the encapsulating CPU or other processor).

text: Opcode[edit]

text: The opcode input is a parallel bus that conveys to the ALU an operation selection code, which is an enumerated value that specifies the desired arithmetic or logic operation to be performed by the ALU. The opcode size (its bus width) determines the maximum number of different operations the ALU can perform; for example, a four-bit opcode can specify up to sixteen different ALU operations. Generally, an ALU opcode is not the same as a machine language opcode, though in some cases it may be directly encoded as a bit field within a machine language opcode.

text: Status[edit]

text: Outputs[edit]

text: The status outputs are various individual signals that convey supplemental information about the result of the current ALU operation. General-purpose ALUs commonly have status signals such as:

text:
Carry-out, which conveys the carry resulting from an addition operation, the borrow resulting from a subtraction operation, or the overflow bit resulting from a binary shift operation.
Zero, which indicates all bits of Y are logic zero.
Negative, which indicates the result of an arithmetic operation is negative.
Overflow, which indicates the result of an arithmetic operation has exceeded the numeric range of Y.
Parity, which indicates whether an even or odd number of bits in Y are logic one.

text: At the end of each ALU operation, the status output signals are usually stored in external registers to make them available for future ALU operations (e.g., to implement multiple-precision arithmetic) or for controlling conditional branching. The collection of bit registers that store the status outputs are often treated as a single, multi-bit register, which is referred to as the "status register" or "condition code register".

text: Inputs[edit]

text: The status inputs allow additional information to be made available to the ALU when performing an operation. Typically, this is a single "carry-in" bit that is the stored carry-out from a previous ALU operation.

text: Circuit operation[edit]

text: An ALU is a combinational logic circuit, meaning that its outputs will change asynchronously in response to input changes. In normal operation, stable signals are applied to all of the ALU inputs and, when enough time (known as the "propagation delay") has passed for the signals to propagate through the ALU circuitry, the result of the ALU operation appears at the ALU outputs. The external circuitry connected to the ALU is responsible for ensuring the stability of ALU input signals throughout the operation, and for allowing sufficient time for the signals to propagate through the ALU before sampling the ALU result.

text: In general, external circuitry controls an ALU by applying signals to its inputs. Typically, the external circuitry employs sequential logic to control the ALU operation, which is paced by a clock signal of a sufficiently low frequency to ensure enough time for the ALU outputs to settle under worst-case conditions.

text: For example, a CPU begins an ALU addition operation by routing operands from their sources (which are usually registers) to the ALU's operand inputs, while the control unit simultaneously applies a value to the ALU's opcode input, configuring it to perform addition. At the same time, the CPU also routes the ALU result output to a destination register that will receive the sum. The ALU's input signals, which are held stable until the next clock, are allowed to propagate through the ALU and to the destination register while the CPU waits for the next clock. When the next clock arrives, the destination register stores the ALU result and, since the ALU operation has completed, the ALU inputs may be set up for the next ALU operation.

text: Functions[edit]

text: A number of basic arithmetic and bitwise logic functions are commonly supported by ALUs. Basic, general purpose ALUs typically include these operations in their repertoires:

text: Arithmetic operations[edit]

text:
Add: A and B are summed and the sum appears at Y and carry-out.
Add with carry: A, B and carry-in are summed and the sum appears at Y and carry-out.
Subtract: B is subtracted from A (or vice versa) and the difference appears at Y and carry-out. For this function, carry-out is effectively a "borrow" indicator. This operation may also be used to compare the magnitudes of A and B; in such cases the Y output may be ignored by the processor, which is only interested in the status bits (particularly zero and negative) that result from the operation.
Subtract with borrow: B is subtracted from A (or vice versa) with borrow (carry-in) and the difference appears at Y and carry-out (borrow out).
Two's complement (negate): A (or B) is subtracted from zero and the difference appears at Y.
Increment: A (or B) is increased by one and the resulting value appears at Y.
Decrement: A (or B) is decreased by one and the resulting value appears at Y.
Pass through: all bits of A (or B) appear unmodified at Y. This operation is typically used to determine the parity of the operand or whether it is zero or negative, or to load the operand into a processor register.

text: Bitwise logical operations[edit]

text:
AND: the bitwise AND of A and B appears at Y.
OR: the bitwise OR of A and B appears at Y.
Exclusive-OR: the bitwise XOR of A and B appears at Y.
Ones' complement: all bits of A (or B) are inverted and appear at Y.

text: Bit shift operations[edit]

text:
Bit shift examples for an eight-bit ALU

Type

Left

Right

Arithmetic shift

Logical shift

Rotate

Rotate through carry

tag: table

text: ALU shift operations cause operand A (or B) to shift left or right (depending on the opcode) and the shifted operand appears at Y. Simple ALUs typically can shift the operand by only one bit position, whereas more complex ALUs employ barrel shifters that allow them to shift the operand by an arbitrary number of bits in one operation. In all single-bit shift operations, the bit shifted out of the operand appears on carry-out; the value of the bit shifted into the operand depends on the type of shift.

text:
Arithmetic shift: the operand is treated as a two's complement integer, meaning that the most significant bit is a "sign" bit and is preserved.
Logical shift: a logic zero is shifted into the operand. This is used to shift unsigned integers.
Rotate: the operand is treated as a circular buffer of bits so its least and most significant bits are effectively adjacent.
Rotate through carry: the carry bit and operand are collectively treated as a circular buffer of bits.

text: Applications[edit]

text: Multiple-precision arithmetic[edit]

text: In integer arithmetic computations, multiple-precision arithmetic is an algorithm that operates on integers which are larger than the ALU word size. To do this, the algorithm treats each operand as an ordered collection of ALU-size fragments, arranged from most-significant (MS) to least-significant (LS) or vice versa. For example, in the case of an 8-bit ALU, the 24-bit integer 0x123456 would be treated as a collection of three 8-bit fragments: 0x12 (MS), 0x34, and 0x56 (LS). Since the size of a fragment exactly matches the ALU word size, the ALU can directly operate on this "piece" of operand.

text: The algorithm uses the ALU to directly operate on particular operand fragments and thus generate a corresponding fragment (a "partial") of the multi-precision result. Each partial, when generated, is written to an associated region of storage that has been designated for the multiple-precision result. This process is repeated for all operand fragments so as to generate a complete collection of partials, which is the result of the multiple-precision operation.

text: In arithmetic operations (e.g., addition, subtraction), the algorithm starts by invoking an ALU operation on the operands' LS fragments, thereby producing both a LS partial and a carry out bit. The algorithm writes the partial to designated storage, whereas the processor's state machine typically stores the carry out bit to an ALU status register. The algorithm then advances to the next fragment of each operand's collection and invokes an ALU operation on these fragments along with the stored carry bit from the previous ALU operation, thus producing another (more significant) partial and a carry out bit. As before, the carry bit is stored to the status register and the partial is written to designated storage. This process repeats until all operand fragments have been processed, resulting in a complete collection of partials in storage, which comprise the multi-precision arithmetic result.

text: In multiple-precision shift operations, the order of operand fragment processing depends on the shift direction. In left-shift operations, fragments are processed LS first because the LS bit of each partial—which is conveyed via the stored carry bit—must be obtained from the MS bit of the previously left-shifted, less-significant operand. Conversely, operands are processed MS first in right-shift operations because the MS bit of each partial must be obtained from the LS bit of the previously right-shifted, more-significant operand.

text: In bitwise logical operations (e.g., logical AND, logical OR), the operand fragments may be processed in any arbitrary order because each partial depends only on the corresponding operand fragments (the stored carry bit from the previous ALU operation is ignored).

text: Complex operations[edit]

text: Although an ALU can be designed to perform complex functions, the resulting higher circuit complexity, cost, power consumption and larger size makes this impractical in many cases. Consequently, ALUs are often limited to simple functions that can be executed at very high speeds (i.e., very short propagation delays), and the external processor circuitry is responsible for performing complex functions by orchestrating a sequence of simpler ALU operations.

text: For example, computing the square root of a number might be implemented in various ways, depending on ALU complexity:

text:
Calculation in a single clock: a very complex ALU that calculates a square root in one operation.
Calculation pipeline: a group of simple ALUs that calculates a square root in stages, with intermediate results passing through ALUs arranged like a factory production line. This circuit can accept new operands before finishing the previous ones and produces results as fast as the very complex ALU, though the results are delayed by the sum of the propagation delays of the ALU stages.
Iterative calculation: a simple ALU that calculates the square root through several steps under the direction of a control unit.

text: The implementations above transition from fastest and most expensive to slowest and least costly. The square root is calculated in all cases, but processors with simple ALUs will take longer to perform the calculation because multiple ALU operations must be performed.

text: Implementation[edit]

text: An ALU is usually implemented either as a stand-alone integrated circuit (IC), such as the 74181, or as part of a more complex IC. In the latter case, an ALU is typically instantiated by synthesizing it from a description written in VHDL, Verilog or some other hardware description language. For example, the following VHDL code describes a very simple 8-bit ALU:

text: History[edit]

text: Mathematician John von Neumann proposed the ALU concept in 1945 in a report on the foundations for a new computer called the EDVAC.[1]

text: The cost, size, and power consumption of electronic circuitry was relatively high throughout the infancy of the information age. Consequently, all serial computers and many early computers, such as the PDP-8, had a simple ALU that operated on one data bit at a time, although they often presented a wider word size to programmers. One of the earliest computers to have multiple discrete single-bit ALU circuits was the 1948 Whirlwind I, which employed sixteen of such "math units" to enable it to operate on 16-bit words.

text: In 1967, Fairchild introduced the first ALU implemented as an integrated circuit, the Fairchild 3800, consisting of an eight-bit ALU with accumulator.[2] Other integrated-circuit ALUs soon emerged, including four-bit ALUs such as the Am2901 and 74181. These devices were typically "bit slice" capable, meaning they had "carry look ahead" signals that facilitated the use of multiple interconnected ALU chips to create an ALU with a wider word size. These devices quickly became popular and were widely used in bit-slice minicomputers.

text: Microprocessors began to appear in the early 1970s. Even though transistors had become smaller, there was often insufficient die space for a full-word-width ALU and, as a result, some early microprocessors employed a narrow ALU that required multiple cycles per machine language instruction. Examples of this includes the popular Zilog Z80, which performed eight-bit additions with a four-bit ALU.[3] Over time, transistor geometries shrank further, following Moore's law, and it became feasible to build wider ALUs on microprocessors.

text: Modern integrated circuit (IC) transistors are orders of magnitude smaller than those of the early microprocessors, making it possible to fit highly complex ALUs on ICs. Today, many modern ALUs have wide word widths, and architectural enhancements such as barrel shifters and binary multipliers that allow them to perform, in a single clock cycle, operations that would have required multiple operations on earlier ALUs.


document_title: List of countries by life expectancy

question_text: where does the us rank in the world in terms of life expectancy

text: List of countries by life expectancy

text: Methodology[edit]

text: Life expectancy equals the average number of years a person born in a given country is expected to live if mortality rates at each age were to remain steady in the future. The life expectancy is shown separately for males and females, as well as a combined figure. Several non-sovereign entities are also included in this list.

text: The figures reflect the quality of healthcare in the countries listed as well as other factors including ongoing wars, obesity, and HIV infections.[citation needed]

text: Worldwide, the average life expectancy at birth was 71.5 years (68 years and 4 months for males and 72 years and 8 months for females) over the period 2010–2015 according to United Nations World Population Prospects 2015 Revision,[3] or 69 years (67 years for males and 71.1 years for females) for 2016 according to The World Factbook.[4] According to the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) data, women on average live longer than men in all major regions and in all individual countries except for Mali and Swaziland.[3]

text: The countries with the lowest overall life expectancies per the WHO are Sierra Leone, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Somalia, Swaziland, Angola, Chad, Mali, Burundi, Cameroon, and Mozambique. Of those countries, only Lesotho, Swaziland, and Mozambique in 2011 were suffering from an HIV prevalence rate of greater than 10 percent in the 15–49 age group.[5]

text: Comparing life expectancies from birth across countries can be problematic. There are differing definitions of live birth vs stillbirth even among more developed countries and less developed countries often have poor reporting.[6]

text: Republic of China (Taiwan)'s data is not included in the following WHO statistics since it is not regarded as a sovereign nation but rather a province of the People's Republic of China under One-China Policy. According to the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of China, the life expectancy of the 23.5-million Taiwanese people reached 80.2 years in 2015, up from 79.84 years in 2014. The life expectancy of Taiwanese males averaged 77.01, while that of females reached 83.62, both of which were record highs.[7]

text: Hong Kong is a territory with the world's highest life expectancy according to Hong Kong Department of Health, the life expectancy reached 84.0 years in 2015 surpassing Japan's 83.7 years. With men at 81.2 years and women at 87.3 years. The data is not included in the following WHO statistics as a separate entity since Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China, and is not itself a member of the WHO.[8]

text: List by the World Health Organization (2015)[edit]

text: 2015 data[9] published in May 2016.[10]

text: HALE: Health-adjusted life expectancy[11]

text:
Country
Both sexes
rank
Both sexes life
expectancy
Female
rank
Female life
expectancy
Male
rank
Male life
expectancy
Both sexes
rank (HALE)
Both sexes life
expectancy (HALE)

 Japan
1
83.7
1
86.8
6
80.5
1
74.9

  Switzerland
2
83.4
6
85.3
1
81.3
4
73.1

 Singapore
3
83.1
2
86.1
10
80.0
2
73.9

 Australia
4
82.8
7
84.8
3
80.9
15
71.9

 Spain
4
82.8
3
85.5
9
80.1
9
72.4

 Iceland
6
82.7
10
84.1
2
81.2
7
72.7

 Italy
6
82.7
7
84.8
6
80.5
5
72.8

 Israel
8
82.5
9
84.3
5
80.6
5
72.8

 Sweden
9
82.4
12
84.0
4
80.7
12
72.0

 France
9
82.4
5
85.4
16
79.4
8
72.6

 South Korea
11
82.3
3
85.5
20
78.8
3
73.2

 Canada
12
82.2
10
84.1
8
80.2
10
72.3

 Luxembourg
13
82.0
12
84.0
13
79.8
17
71.8

 Netherlands
14
81.9
20
83.6
10
80.0
11
72.2

 Norway
15
81.8
17
83.7
13
79.8
12
72.0

 Malta
16
81.7
17
83.7
15
79.7
18
71.7

 New Zealand
17
81.6
26
83.3
10
80.0
19
71.6

 Austria
18
81.5
14
83.9
19
79.0
12
72.0

 Ireland
19
81.4
23
83.4
16
79.4
20
71.5

 United Kingdom
20
81.2
27
83.0
16
79.4
21
71.4

 Belgium
21
81.1
22
83.5
22
78.6
26
71.1

 Finland
21
81.1
16
83.8
24
78.3
28
71.0

 Portugal
21
81.1
14
83.9
27
78.2
21
71.4

 Germany
24
81.0
23
83.4
21
78.7
23
71.3

 Greece
24
81.0
20
83.6
24
78.3
15
71.9

 Slovenia
26
80.8
17
83.7
28
77.9
26
71.1

 Denmark
27
80.6
29
82.5
22
78.6
25
71.2

 Cyprus
28
80.5
28
82.7
24
78.3
23
71.3

 Chile
28
80.5
23
83.4
29
77.4
29
70.4

 Costa Rica
30
79.6
30
82.2
31
77.1
31
69.7

 United States
31
79.3
33
81.6
32
76.9
36
69.1

 Cuba
32
79.1
34
81.4
32
76.9
35
69.2

 Czech Republic
33
78.8
32
81.7
38
75.9
33
69.4

 Maldives
34
78.5
41
80.2
32
76.9
32
69.6

 Qatar
35
78.2
43
80.0
29
77.4
47
67.7

 Croatia
36
78.0
36
81.2
42
74.7
33
69.4

 Albania
37
77.8
38
80.7
39
75.1
38
68.8

 Panama
37
77.8
37
81.1
42
74.7
42
68.1

 Brunei
39
77.7
47
79.2
36
76.3
29
70.4

 Estonia
40
77.6
31
82.0
65
72.7
37
68.9

 Poland
41
77.5
35
81.3
52
73.6
39
68.7

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
42
77.4
45
79.7
40
75.0
40
68.6

 United Arab Emirates
43
77.1
57
78.6
35
76.4
44
67.9

 Uruguay
44
77.0
40
80.4
56
73.3
44
67.9

 Bahrain
45
76.9
71
77.9
37
76.2
55
67.0

 Mexico
46
76.7
46
79.5
48
73.9
52
67.4

 Slovakia
46
76.7
41
80.2
62
72.9
42
68.1

 Oman
48
76.6
47
79.2
40
75.0
63
66.7

 Antigua and Barbuda
49
76.4
57
78.6
46
74.1
50
67.5

 Argentina
50
76.3
44
79.9
65
72.7
49
67.6

 Jamaica
51
76.2
57
78.6
48
73.9
58
66.9

 Ecuador
51
76.2
53
79.0
53
73.5
55
67.0

 China
53
76.1
80
77.6
44
74.6
41
68.5

 Montenegro
53
76.1
65
78.1
46
74.1
44
67.9

 Bahamas
53
76.1
50
79.1
62
72.9
65
66.6

 Vietnam
56
76.0
38
80.7
81
71.3
65
66.6

 Hungary
57
75.9
50
79.1
71
72.3
52
67.4

 Turkey
58
75.8
54
78.9
68
72.6
73
66.2

 Macedonia
59
75.7
76
77.8
53
73.5
50
67.5

 Algeria
60
75.6
81
77.5
50
73.8
75
66.0

 Serbia
60
75.6
61
78.4
62
72.9
47
67.7

 Iran
62
75.5
86
76.6
45
74.5
65
66.6

 Peru
62
75.5
66
78.0
59
73.1
80
65.6

 Barbados
62
75.5
71
77.9
59
73.1
65
66.6

 Tunisia
65
75.3
76
77.8
61
73.0
63
66.7

 Saint Lucia
66
75.2
71
77.9
68
72.6
74
66.1

 Malaysia
67
75.0
83
77.3
65
72.7
70
66.5

 Romania
67
75.0
55
78.8
78
71.4
59
66.8

 Brazil
67
75.0
56
78.7
78
71.4
81
65.5

 Lebanon
70
74.9
87
76.5
53
73.5
79
65.7

 Thailand
70
74.9
66
78.0
74
71.9
59
66.8

 Sri Lanka
70
74.9
63
78.3
75
71.6
55
67.0

 Armenia
73
74.8
79
77.7
75
71.6
59
66.8

 Nicaragua
73
74.8
71
77.9
77
71.5
103
63.7

 Colombia
73
74.8
61
78.4
84
71.2
85
65.1

 Kuwait
76
74.7
93
76.0
51
73.7
78
65.8

 Honduras
77
74.6
85
77.0
71
72.3
90
64.9

 Mauritius
77
74.6
76
77.8
78
71.4
59
66.8

 Latvia
77
74.6
47
79.2
95
69.6
54
67.1

 Saudi Arabia
80
74.5
93
76.0
58
73.2
96
64.5

 Bulgaria
80
74.5
66
78.0
86
71.1
72
66.4

 Georgia
82
74.4
63
78.3
91
70.3
70
66.5

 Morocco
83
74.3
99
75.4
56
73.3
90
64.9

 Jordan
84
74.1
96
75.9
70
72.5
88
65.0

 Venezuela
84
74.1
60
78.5
94
70.0
83
65.2

 Paraguay
86
74.0
93
76.0
73
72.2
83
65.2

 Samoa
86
74.0
81
77.5
87
70.9
65
66.6

 Dominican Republic
88
73.9
84
77.1
87
70.9
85
65.1

 Grenada
89
73.6
91
76.1
84
71.2
88
65.0

 Lithuania
89
73.6
50
79.1
104
68.1
75
66.0

 Tonga
91
73.5
88
76.4
89
70.6
75
66.0

 El Salvador
91
73.5
71
77.9
99
68.8
98
64.1

 Cape Verde
93
73.3
103
75.0
81
71.3
97
64.4

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
94
73.2
100
75.2
81
71.3
94
64.6

 Seychelles
94
73.2
66
78.0
98
69.1
81
65.5

 Libya
96
72.7
98
75.6
92
70.1
101
63.8

 Azerbaijan
96
72.7
97
75.8
95
69.6
93
64.7

 Belarus
98
72.3
66
78.0
119
66.5
85
65.1

 Moldova
99
72.1
90
76.2
106
67.9
92
64.8

 Vanuatu
100
72.0
107
74.0
92
70.1
94
64.6

 Guatemala
101
71.9
100
75.2
102
68.5
116
62.1

 Bangladesh
102
71.8
113
73.1
89
70.6
111
62.3

 Suriname
103
71.6
105
74.7
101
68.6
107
63.1

 Ukraine
104
71.3
91
76.1
120
66.3
98
64.1

 Trinidad and Tobago
105
71.2
104
74.8
106
67.9
104
63.3

 Kyrgyzstan
106
71.1
102
75.1
111
67.2
101
63.8

 Egypt
107
70.9
111
73.2
99
68.8
113
62.2

 Bolivia
108
70.7
110
73.3
103
68.2
113
62.2

 North Korea
109
70.6
107
74.0
113
67.0
100
64.0

 Russia
110
70.5
89
76.3
127
64.7
104
63.3

 Kazakhstan
111
70.2
105
74.7
123
65.7
104
63.3

 Belize
112
70.1
113
73.1
110
67.5
111
62.3

 Fiji
113
69.9
113
73.1
113
67.0
108
62.9

 Bhutan
114
69.8
126
70.1
97
69.5
120
61.2

 Tajikistan
115
69.7
109
73.6
116
66.6
116
62.1

 Micronesia
116
69.4
124
70.6
104
68.1
109
62.5

 Uzbekistan
116
69.4
116
72.7
122
66.1
110
62.4

 Solomon Islands
118
69.2
121
70.8
106
67.9
116
62.1

   Nepal
118
69.2
121
70.8
109
67.7
121
61.1

 Indonesia
120
69.1
119
71.2
112
67.1
113
62.2

 Iraq
121
68.9
118
71.8
121
66.2
124
60.0

 Mongolia
122
68.8
111
73.2
127
64.7
119
62.0

 Cambodia
123
68.7
123
70.7
116
66.6
130
58.9

 Philippines
124
68.5
117
72.0
126
65.3
121
61.1

 India
125
68.3
128
69.9
115
66.9
126
59.5

 Timor-Leste
125
68.3
126
70.1
116
66.6
123
60.7

 Sao Tome and Principe
127
67.5
130
69.4
124
65.6
128
59.1

 Senegal
128
66.7
132
68.6
130
64.6
132
58.3

 Myanmar
129
66.6
133
68.5
130
64.6
127
59.2

 Pakistan
130
66.4
137
67.5
125
65.5
134
57.8

 Kiribati
131
66.3
131
68.8
136
63.7
128
59.1

 Turkmenistan
131
66.3
125
70.5
143
62.2
125
59.8

 Guyana
133
66.2
133
68.5
134
63.9
130
58.9

 Rwanda
134
66.1
120
71.1
150
60.9
140
56.6

 Gabon
135
66.0
138
67.2
127
64.7
137
57.2

 Namibia
136
65.8
135
68.3
139
63.1
136
57.5

 Yemen
137
65.7
138
67.2
132
64.3
135
57.7

 Laos
137
65.7
138
67.2
133
64.1
133
57.9

 Botswana
137
65.7
136
68.1
137
63.3
138
56.9

 Madagascar
140
65.5
141
67.0
134
63.9
138
56.9

 Ethiopia
141
64.8
143
66.8
140
62.8
143
56.1

 Congo
142
64.7
144
66.3
138
63.2
140
56.6

 Eritrea
142
64.7
141
67.0
141
62.4
145
55.9

 Syria
144
64.5
128
69.9
154
59.9
143
56.1

 Sudan
145
64.1
146
65.9
141
62.4
145
55.9

 Comoros
146
63.5
151
65.2
144
61.9
145
55.9

 Djibouti
146
63.5
150
65.3
145
61.8
148
55.8

 Haiti
146
63.5
148
65.5
147
61.5
150
55.4

 Kenya
149
63.4
147
65.8
148
61.1
149
55.6

 Mauritania
150
63.1
153
64.6
146
61.6
152
55.1

 Papua New Guinea
151
62.9
149
65.4
152
60.6
142
56.4

 South Africa
151
62.9
145
66.2
158
59.3
153
54.5

 Ghana
153
62.4
155
63.9
149
61.0
151
55.3

 Uganda
154
62.3
154
64.3
153
60.3
156
54.0

 Niger
155
61.8
158
62.8
150
60.9
154
54.2

 Tanzania
155
61.8
156
63.8
154
59.9
155
54.1

 Zambia
155
61.8
152
64.7
161
59.0
158
53.6

 Liberia
158
61.4
157
62.9
156
59.8
160
52.7

 Gambia
159
61.1
159
62.5
156
59.8
157
53.8

 Zimbabwe
160
60.7
160
62.3
161
59.0
163
52.3

 Afghanistan
161
60.5
161
61.9
158
59.3
164
52.2

 Benin
162
60.0
164
61.1
163
58.8
162
52.5

 Burkina Faso
163
59.9
167
60.5
160
59.1
161
52.6

 Togo
163
59.9
164
61.1
164
58.6
159
52.8

 DR Congo
165
59.8
163
61.5
165
58.3
166
51.7

 Burundi
166
59.6
162
61.6
168
57.7
164
52.2

 Guinea
167
59.0
171
59.8
166
58.2
166
51.7

 Guinea-Bissau
168
58.9
167
60.5
169
57.2
168
51.5

 Swaziland
168
58.9
164
61.1
171
56.6
172
50.9

 Malawi
170
58.3
170
59.9
170
56.7
169
51.2

 Mali
171
58.2
175
58.3
166
58.2
171
51.1

 Equatorial Guinea
171
58.2
169
60.0
171
56.6
169
51.2

 Mozambique
173
57.6
172
59.4
175
55.7
175
49.6

 South Sudan
174
57.3
173
58.6
173
56.1
174
49.9

 Cameroon
174
57.3
173
58.6
174
55.9
173
50.3

 Somalia
176
55.0
176
56.6
176
53.5
176
47.8

 Nigeria
177
54.5
177
55.6
177
53.4
177
47.7

 Lesotho
178
53.7
178
55.4
179
51.7
179
46.6

 Cote d'Ivoire
179
53.3
180
54.4
178
52.3
178
47.0

 Chad
180
53.1
179
54.5
179
51.7
180
46.1

 Central African Republic
181
52.5
181
54.1
181
50.9
181
45.9

 Angola
182
52.4
182
54.0
181
50.9
182
45.8

 Sierra Leone
183
50.1
183
50.8
183
49.3
183
44.4

text: List by the United Nations, for 2010–2015[edit]

text: On July 2015, the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), released World Population Prospects, The 2015 Revision.[3] The following table shows the life expectancy at birth for the period 2010 to 2015.

text:
over 80
  77.5-80.0
  75.0-77.5
  72.5-75.0
  70.0-72.5
  67.5-70.0
  65.0-67.5

  60-65
  55-60
  50-55
  45-50
  under 45
  not available

text:
Life expectancy at birth (years), UN World Population Prospects 2015

Rank
State/Territory
Overall
Male
Female

1
 Japan
83.74
80.91
86.58

2
 Italy
83.31
80.00
86.49

3
  Switzerland
82.84
80.27
85.23

4
 Singapore
82.66
80.43
84.74

5
 Israel
82.64
79.59
85.61

6
 Iceland
82.30
80.73
83.84

7
 Spain
82.28
79.42
85.05

8
 Australia
82.10
79.93
84.28

9
 Taiwan
82.07
80.18
83.82

10
 Sweden
81.93
80.10
83.71

11
 France (metropol.)
81.85
78.76
84.87

12
 Canada
81.78
79.69
83.78

13
 New Zealand
81.56
79.71
83.35

14
 South Korea
81.43
77.95
84.63

15
 Luxembourg
81.34
78.94
83.65

16
 Norway
81.32
79.22
83.38

17
 Netherlands
81.31
79.36
83.14

18
 Chile
81.21
78.09
84.12

19
 Martinique ( France)
81.18
77.79
84.36

20
 Austria
81.09
78.47
83.59

21
 Germany
80.66
78.18
83.06

22
 Greece
80.60
77.64
83.60

23
 Ireland
80.57
78.40
82.74

24
 Guadeloupe ( France)
80.56
76.83
83.98

25
 Portugal
80.55
77.43
83.50

26=
 Belgium
80.53
77.95
83.02

26=
 Finland
80.53
77.60
83.40

28=
Channel Islands ( UK)
80.45
78.45
82.39

28=
 United Kingdom
80.45
78.45
82.39

30=
 Malta
80.30
78.55
81.98

30=
 Macau
80.30
78.07
82.51

32
 Slovenia
80.08
76.92
83.14

33
 U.S. Virgin Islands ( US)
80.06
77.24
82.92

34
 Denmark
79.99
78.00
81.94

35
 Cyprus
79.90
77.69
82.17

36
 Réunion ( France)
79.54
76.04
82.90

37
 Mayotte ( France)
79.34
76.04
82.90

38
 Hong Kong
79.26
76.43
82.30

39
 Puerto Rico ( US)
79.22
75.19
83.17

40=
 Costa Rica
79.16
76.70
81.69

40=
 Cuba
79.16
77.10
81.27

42
 French Guiana ( France)
78.98
75.75
82.58

43
 United States
78.88
76.47
81.25

44
 Lebanon
78.86
77.14
80.87

45
 Guam ( US)
78.72
76.14
81.47

46
 Brunei
78.44
76.64
80.39

47
 Czech Republic
78.35
75.36
81.27

48
 Qatar
77.89
77.10
79.68

49
 Curaçao ( Netherlands)
77.77
74.50
80.70

50
 Albania
77.49
75.04
80.19

51
 Panama
77.32
74.34
80.49

52
 Poland
77.14
73.06
81.14

53
 Croatia
77.05
73.64
80.38

54
 Uruguay
76.96
73.25
80.44

55
 United Arab Emirates
76.67
76.02
78.23

56
 Estonia
76.52
71.57
81.05

57
 Mexico
76.48
74.04
78.93

58
 Bahrain
76.38
75.58
77.42

59
 Maldives
76.36
75.40
77.41

60
 Oman
76.33
74.66
78.85

61
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
76.26
73.71
78.82

62
 New Caledonia ( France)
76.19
73.55
79.31

63
 French Polynesia ( France)
76.12
73.97
78.55

64
 Slovakia
76.04
72.24
79.73

65
 Montenegro
76.02
73.83
78.18

66
 Argentina
76.01
72.15
79.83

67
 Antigua and Barbuda
75.82
73.29
78.21

68
 Vietnam
75.57
70.73
80.31

69
 Ecuador
75.54
72.82
78.37

70
 Jamaica
75.44
73.07
77.89

71
 China
75.43
73.97
77.02

72
 Aruba ( Netherlands)
75.39
72.89
77.76

73
 Barbados
75.37
72.91
77.71

74
 Republic of Macedonia
75.16
72.87
77.48

75
 Bahamas
75.15
72.02
78.09

76
 Iran
75.06
73.98
76.22

77
 Hungary
74.98
71.23
78.54

78
 Turkey
74.84
71.53
78.12

79
 Saint Lucia
74.81
72.17
77.57

80
 Serbia
74.65
71.83
77.50

81=
 Sri Lanka
74.64
71.24
78.03

81=
 Georgia
74.64
70.91
78.14

83
 Tunisia
74.60
72.30
77.04

84
 Armenia
74.56
70.74
78.39

85
 Malaysia
74.50
72.21
76.88

86
 Nicaragua
74.47
71.38
77.48

87
 Romania
74.46
70.92
78.07

88
 Algeria
74.42
72.14
76.84

89
 Kuwait
74.28
73.34
75.56

90=
 Mauritius
74.15
70.67
77.74

90=
 Peru
74.15
71.54
76.84

92
 Thailand
74.14
70.83
77.58

93
 Saudi Arabia
74.08
72.82
75.47

94
 Brazil
74.05
70.29
77.86

95
 Bulgaria
74.04
70.64
77.56

96=
 Venezuela
73.95
69.93
78.24

96=
 Latvia
73.95
68.85
78.68

98
 Jordan
73.79
72.21
75.52

99
 Colombia
73.75
70.19
77.39

100
 Morocco
73.61
72.60
74.62

101
 Dominican Republic
73.19
70.16
76.45

102
 Grenada
73.17
70.78
75.59

103
 Lithuania
73.07
67.39
78.78

104
 Samoa
73.02
70.02
76.39

105
 Cape Verde
72.97
71.05
74.65

106
 Seychelles
72.94
68.69
77.91

107
 Honduras
72.83
70.39
75.40

108
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
72.75
70.70
74.90

109
 Paraguay
72.74
70.70
74.92

110
 Palestine
72.65
70.74
74.66

111
 El Salvador
72.64
67.89
77.08

112
 Tonga
72.60
69.72
75.56

113
 Vanuatu
71.48
69.59
73.60

114=
 Libya
71.47
68.79
74.41

114=
 Guatemala
71.47
67.92
74.98

116
 Moldova
71.33
67.22
75.43

117
 Belarus
71.08
65.29
76.97

118
 Bangladesh
71.01
69.85
72.26

119
 Suriname
70.90
67.81
74.18

120
 Egypt
70.84
68.71
73.05

121
 Ukraine
70.76
65.73
75.67

122
 Azerbaijan
70.62
67.54
73.77

123
 Kyrgyzstan
70.26
66.35
74.29

124
 Trinidad and Tobago
70.23
66.87
73.84

125
 North Korea
69.91
66.30
73.27

126
 Russia
69.83
64.15
75.55

127
 Belize
69.76
67.19
72.72

128
 Fiji
69.72
66.93
72.89

129
 Syria
69.51
63.98
76.26

130
 Iraq
69.19
66.99
71.44

131=
 Tajikistan
69.07
65.90
72.84

131=
 Kazakhstan
69.07
64.29
73.87

133
   Nepal
69.03
67.64
70.45

134
 Federated States of Micronesia
68.93
67.99
69.85

135
 Mongolia
68.89
64.76
73.29

136
 Bhutan
68.88
68.63
69.09

137
 Indonesia
68.59
66.61
70.70

138
 Uzbekistan
68.25
64.90
71.61

139
 Philippines
67.99
64.72
71.55

140
 Timor-Leste
67.73
66.06
69.51

141
 Bolivia
67.72
65.34
70.21

142=
Western Sahara
67.61
65.89
69.81

142=
 Cambodia
67.61
65.50
69.55

144
 Solomon Islands
67.53
66.19
69.03

145
 India
67.47
66.13
68.93

146
 Guyana
66.24
64.03
68.59

147
 São Tomé and Príncipe
66.23
64.23
68.19

148
 Pakistan
65.88
64.99
66.84

149
 Senegal
65.81
63.86
67.61

150
 Kiribati
65.74
62.55
68.93

151
 Myanmar
65.64
63.58
67.66

152
 Laos
65.51
64.14
66.84

153
 Turkmenistan
65.39
61.31
69.69

154
 Madagascar
64.50
63.02
66.00

155
 Namibia
64.34
61.58
66.95

156
 Botswana
64.12
61.80
66.51

157
 Tanzania
64.04
62.55
65.55

158
 Gabon
63.65
63.15
64.07

159
 Yemen
63.51
62.18
64.88

160
 Rwanda
63.14
59.65
66.30

161
 Ethiopia
63.13
61.30
65.02

162
 Sudan
63.08
61.60
64.60

163
 Eritrea
63.07
60.90
65.18

164
 Comoros
62.83
61.20
64.50

165
 Mauritania
62.77
61.29
64.25

166
 Papua New Guinea
62.31
60.25
64.49

167
 Haiti
62.29
60.18
64.42

168
 Djibouti
61.61
60.04
63.24

169
 Congo
61.42
59.95
62.92

170
 Ghana
61.03
60.06
61.97

171
 Malawi
60.97
59.86
61.98

172
 Niger
60.65
59.85
61.55

173
 Kenya
60.62
59.08
62.17

174
 Liberia
60.25
59.29
61.21

175
 Gambia
59.83
58.54
61.21

176
 Afghanistan
59.82
58.67
61.06

177
 Benin
59.20
57.77
60.61

178
 Togo
59.01
58.28
59.68

179
 Zambia
58.75
57.16
60.33

180
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
58.10
56.67
59.53

181
 Burkina Faso
58.07
56.73
59.33

182
 Guinea
58.04
57.58
58.49

183
 Uganda
57.25
55.67
58.83

184
 Mali
57.23
57.44
56.98

185
 Equatorial Guinea
57.13
55.87
58.57

186
 South Africa
57.11
54.85
59.11

187
 Burundi
56.07
54.18
58.04

188
 South Sudan
55.06
54.10
56.03

189
 Somalia
54.88
53.28
56.51

190
 Cameroon
54.87
53.74
56.02

191
 Zimbabwe
54.78
53.60
55.95

192
 Guinea-Bissau
54.72
53.00
56.50

193
 Mozambique
54.63
52.94
56.18

194
 Nigeria
52.29
51.97
52.61

195
 Angola
51.68
50.20
53.17

196
 Chad
51.13
50.08
52.18

197
 Côte d'Ivoire
50.97
50.21
51.85

198
 Sierra Leone
50.19
49.65
50.74

199
 Central African Republic
49.53
47.83
51.25

200
 Lesotho
49.50
49.19
49.59

201
 Swaziland
49.18
49.69
48.54

text: List from the GBD 2010 study[edit]

text: The Global Burden of Disease 2010 study published updated figures in 2012,[12] including recalculations of life expectancies[13] which differ substantially in places from the UN estimates for 2010 (reasons for this are discussed in the freely available appendix to the paper, pages 25–27, currently not available). Although no estimate is given for the sexes combined, for the first time life expectancy estimates have included uncertainty intervals.

text:
Life expectancy at birth (years), Global Burden of Disease 2010

state/territory
Male
95% range
Female
95% range

 World average
67.50
(66.90-68.10)
73.30
(72.80-73.80)

 Afghanistan
58.20
(54.20-62.80)
57.30
(52.20-61.70)

 Albania
72.00
(69.20-74.90)
78.10
(75.90-80.20)

 Algeria
74.30
(73.20-75.40)
76.50
(75.50-77.50)

 Andorra
79.80
(78.80-81.00)
85.20
(84.20-86.20)

 Angola
57.90
(49.50-66.50)
63.90
(56.00-72.00)

 Antigua and Barbuda
74.10
(72.20-75.90)
79.00
(77.30-80.50)

 Argentina
72.50
(72.40-72.60)
79.30
(79.20-79.40)

 Armenia
68.90
(67.20-70.50)
78.50
(77.40-79.60)

 Australia
79.20
(79.10-79.30)
83.80
(83.70-83.90)

 Austria
77.70
(77.50-77.90)
83.30
(83.20-83.50)

 Azerbaijan
68.90
(67.60-70.20)
76.20
(74.90-77.40)

 Bahrain
76.40
(74.80-78.20)
79.10
(77.50-80.70)

 Bangladesh
67.20
(65.60-68.80)
71.00
(69.40-72.80)

 Barbados
74.30
(72.70-76.00)
77.00
(75.60-78.30)

 Belarus
64.10
(63.40-64.90)
76.00
(75.50-76.50)

 Belgium
76.70
(76.40-77.10)
82.30
(81.90-82.60)

 Belize
68.90
(67.30-70.30)
73.60
(72.30-75.00)

 Benin
60.70
(57.60-63.50)
65.90
(63.20-68.50)

 Bhutan
67.60
(60.90-73.30)
71.70
(65.70-77.10)

 Bolivia
69.70
(67.30-72.50)
71.70
(69.50-74.10)

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
74.10
(73.90-74.40)
78.80
(78.50-79.00)

 Botswana
68.10
(63.60-73.60)
74.00
(69.20-80.60)

 Brazil
71.50
(71.20-71.80)
79.70
(79.50-79.90)

 Brunei
75.50
(74.30-76.60)
79.10
(78.00-80.30)

 Bulgaria
70.10
(69.90-70.30)
77.00
(76.80-77.20)

 Burkina Faso
52.80
(46.60-58.10)
57.60
(52.70-62.10)

 Burma
60.70
(51.40-69.80)
67.60
(60.10-73.60)

 Burundi
53.00
(42.70-63.00)
55.20
(45.20-64.60)

 Cambodia
64.60
(63.30-66.00)
70.10
(68.80-71.50)

 Cameroon
57.10
(53.50-60.90)
61.10
(57.80-64.30)

 Canada
78.50
(78.20-78.70)
82.70
(82.50-83.00)

 Cape Verde
70.90
(66.30-75.50)
79.10
(75.30-82.50)

 Central African Republic
43.60
(38.40-49.30)
49.30
(44.00-54.60)

 Chad
53.30
(47.20-58.20)
57.80
(53.00-62.30)

 Chile
75.50
(75.20-75.90)
81.50
(81.20-81.80)

 China
72.90
(71.80-74.00)
79.00
(78.00-80.00)

 Colombia
71.70
(70.20-73.00)
78.30
(77.30-79.40)

 Comoros
61.60
(56.50-65.80)
63.90
(59.10-68.20)

 Congo
56.30
(52.30-60.30)
61.60
(57.90-65.10)

 Costa Rica
77.10
(76.90-77.30)
81.90
(81.60-82.10)

 Côte d'Ivoire
52.80
(48.20-57.10)
60.20
(56.20-63.90)

 Croatia
73.40
(73.20-73.60)
79.90
(79.70-80.10)

 Cuba
76.10
(75.90-76.20)
79.80
(79.60-79.90)

 Cyprus
77.60
(77.10-78.10)
82.90
(82.40-83.40)

 Czech Republic
74.30
(74.20-74.50)
80.70
(80.50-80.80)

 Denmark
76.80
(76.60-77.00)
81.00
(80.80-81.30)

 Djibouti
62.20
(54.60-69.60)
64.40
(55.10-73.70)

 Dominica
70.10
(68.60-71.50)
77.90
(76.40-79.30)

 Dominican Republic
71.30
(70.00-72.80)
76.30
(75.10-77.60)

 DR Congo
52.80
(49.60-55.90)
57.70
(54.70-60.50)

 Ecuador
74.40
(73.30-75.40)
79.80
(78.90-80.60)

 Egypt
68.00
(67.00-69.00)
73.40
(72.50-74.20)

 El Salvador
69.90
(69.30-70.50)
78.20
(77.70-78.60)

 Equatorial Guinea
54.70
(43.50-66.20)
61.80
(52.90-73.80)

 Eritrea
59.00
(54.70-62.90)
62.00
(58.20-65.50)

 Estonia
70.60
(70.30-71.00)
80.60
(80.20-81.00)

 Ethiopia
59.50
(57.50-61.30)
62.30
(60.50-64.10)

 Federated States of Micronesia
63.40
(54.60-71.70)
68.30
(60.80-74.70)

 Fiji
65.60
(63.90-67.30)
68.80
(67.10-70.40)

 Finland
76.80
(76.60-77.00)
83.30
(83.10-83.60)

 France
77.50
(77.20-77.80)
84.30
(84.00-84.50)

 Gabon
55.00
(50.00-60.00)
63.30
(59.50-67.40)

 Georgia
67.40
(66.00-68.70)
77.90
(76.90-78.90)

 Germany
77.50
(77.30-77.70)
82.80
(82.60-83.10)

 Ghana
63.20
(60.70-65.70)
66.70
(64.50-68.90)

 Greece
77.10
(76.80-77.40)
82.10
(81.90-82.40)

 Grenada
68.60
(67.40-69.80)
73.50
(72.20-74.70)

 Guatemala
66.90
(66.30-67.50)
74.00
(73.50-74.50)

 Guinea-Bissau
54.80
(46.10-63.40)
58.60
(50.80-66.60)

 Guinea
58.40
(53.70-62.30)
60.50
(56.30-64.00)

 Guyana
63.10
(60.50-65.90)
69.10
(66.90-71.20)

 Haiti
32.50
(19.80-43.10)
43.60
(31.10-51.70)

 Honduras
70.50
(66.30-74.60)
73.20
(69.80-76.50)

 Hungary
70.40
(70.30-70.60)
78.40
(78.20-78.50)

 Iceland
80.00
(79.40-80.60)
84.40
(83.70-85.00)

 India
63.20
(60.60-65.70)
67.50
(65.50-69.90)

 Indonesia
67.70
(66.00-69.20)
71.80
(70.30-73.30)

 Iran
71.60
(68.50-74.60)
77.80
(75.30-80.20)

 Iraq
70.60
(67.20-73.70)
71.40
(68.30-74.40)

 Ireland
77.60
(77.40-77.90)
82.20
(81.90-82.40)

 Israel
79.20
(79.00-79.40)
82.90
(82.70-83.10)

 Italy
78.90
(78.70-79.10)
83.90
(83.70-84.10)

 Jamaica
73.30
(69.90-77.30)
77.30
(74.30-80.30)

 Japan
79.30
(79.30-79.40)
85.90
(85.80-85.90)

 Jordan
75.70
(73.90-77.50)
75.10
(73.20-77.00)

 Kazakhstan
61.30
(59.10-63.30)
72.20
(70.60-73.70)

 Kenya
62.70
(59.90-65.70)
66.90
(64.60-69.00)

 Kiribati
57.80
(51.30-64.00)
65.00
(59.80-69.70)

 Kuwait
76.10
(75.80-76.40)
79.60
(79.20-79.90)

 Kyrgyzstan
62.20
(60.60-63.90)
71.90
(70.40-73.20)

 Laos
62.40
(54.40-69.70)
67.10
(60.20-73.50)

 Latvia
68.90
(68.60-69.20)
78.50
(78.20-78.70)

 Lebanon
76.20
(74.10-77.90)
78.90
(77.50-80.40)

 Lesotho
44.10
(40.90-48.10)
50.70
(47.20-54.80)

 Liberia
56.50
(54.10-58.90)
57.90
(55.20-60.50)

 Libya
72.90
(70.70-75.00)
76.50
(74.60-78.50)

 Lithuania
68.70
(68.50-68.90)
79.30
(79.10-79.60)

 Luxembourg
78.00
(77.50-78.60)
82.20
(81.70-82.80)

 Republic of Macedonia
72.80
(72.50-73.00)
77.20
(77.00-77.50)

 Madagascar
62.20
(58.90-65.60)
65.10
(61.80-68.10)

 Malawi
50.90
(48.50-53.60)
54.90
(52.70-57.50)

 Malaysia
71.30
(71.00-71.60)
76.50
(76.20-76.80)

 Maldives
77.50
(76.70-78.30)
80.40
(79.70-81.20)

 Mali
56.90
(52.90-60.70)
57.70
(53.80-61.20)

 Malta
77.10
(76.60-77.60)
83.00
(82.40-83.60)

 Marshall Islands
61.90
(57.50-66.00)
66.00
(61.90-70.00)

 Mauritania
63.30
(59.10-67.20)
65.70
(61.80-68.80)

 Mauritius
69.70
(69.30-70.00)
76.90
(76.50-77.30)

 Mexico
72.50
(72.30-72.80)
78.40
(78.20-78.60)

 Moldova
65.50
(65.00-65.80)
74.60
(74.20-74.90)

 Mongolia
60.30
(58.60-62.20)
69.30
(67.80-70.80)

 Montenegro
73.00
(72.20-73.60)
78.20
(77.50-78.90)

 Morocco
70.90
(68.30-73.30)
74.40
(72.20-76.10)

 Mozambique
50.00
(46.90-53.40)
54.90
(51.80-58.30)

 Namibia
58.40
(55.20-61.60)
64.90
(61.90-67.60)

   Nepal
67.70
(65.50-70.10)
70.60
(68.60-72.80)

 Netherlands
78.50
(78.40-78.60)
82.60
(82.40-82.70)

 New Zealand
78.60
(78.40-78.80)
82.70
(82.50-83.00)

 Nicaragua
71.50
(70.60-72.20)
77.50
(76.70-78.20)

 Niger
56.90
(51.70-61.50)
58.70
(54.10-62.60)

 Nigeria
58.80
(56.50-61.40)
60.40
(58.20-62.90)

 North Korea
68.00
(64.90-70.70)
73.30
(70.60-75.50)

 Norway
78.50
(78.30-78.70)
83.10
(82.90-83.40)

 Oman
73.80
(72.20-75.40)
78.90
(77.50-80.10)

 Pakistan
63.90
(60.70-67.10)
67.80
(64.80-70.90)

 Palestine
70.30
(67.90-72.70)
76.40
(74.30-78.30)

 Panama
73.60
(72.30-74.90)
80.20
(78.90-81.50)

 Papua New Guinea
57.50
(48.10-66.50)
60.30
(51.90-69.00)

 Paraguay
71.00
(69.70-72.40)
75.60
(74.70-76.40)

 Peru
75.20
(73.80-76.70)
77.60
(76.10-79.00)

 Philippines
66.60
(65.50-67.80)
73.80
(72.80-74.80)

 Poland
72.10
(72.00-72.20)
80.50
(80.40-80.60)

 Portugal
76.30
(76.20-76.50)
82.30
(82.20-82.50)

 Qatar
78.90
(77.70-80.00)
82.10
(81.10-83.20)

 Romania
70.10
(70.00-70.20)
77.60
(77.40-77.70)

 Russia
63.10
(62.80-63.30)
74.70
(74.40-74.90)

 Rwanda
62.00
(60.10-63.90)
67.10
(65.50-69.00)

 Saint Lucia
70.90
(68.60-73.40)
76.50
(74.50-78.80)

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
69.70
(68.50-71.00)
74.50
(73.10-75.80)

 Samoa
68.40
(65.40-70.90)
73.40
(70.90-75.80)

 São Tomé and Príncipe
68.20
(64.40-71.80)
72.10
(69.00-75.20)

 Saudi Arabia
75.00
(73.60-76.40)
79.90
(78.80-81.00)

 Senegal
63.50
(61.10-66.10)
67.10
(65.20-69.30)

 Serbia
74.00
(73.70-74.20)
79.50
(79.20-79.80)

 Seychelles
61.30
(60.20-62.40)
71.80
(70.70-72.90)

 Sierra Leone
56.50
(53.60-59.30)
60.90
(58.30-63.10)

 Singapore
78.80
(78.60-79.00)
83.30
(83.00-83.50)

 Slovakia
71.60
(71.40-71.70)
79.10
(78.90-79.30)

 Slovenia
75.90
(75.60-76.20)
82.50
(82.20-82.90)

 Solomon Islands
60.50
(52.20-68.10)
64.00
(55.40-71.40)

 Somalia
54.60
(45.40-62.60)
57.20
(47.70-65.60)

 South Africa
57.40
(54.80-59.60)
62.30
(59.90-64.70)

 South Korea
76.50
(76.30-76.70)
82.70
(82.60-82.90)

 Spain
78.40
(78.20-78.70)
84.20
(84.00-84.40)

 Sri Lanka
71.60
(70.30-72.80)
79.80
(78.70-80.70)

 Sudan
66.90
(64.20-69.00)
70.70
(68.80-72.90)

 Suriname
70.10
(68.20-72.20)
75.20
(73.70-76.80)

 Swaziland
47.40
(43.50-51.30)
51.40
(48.00-55.10)

 Sweden
79.20
(79.00-79.40)
83.50
(83.40-83.70)

  Switzerland
79.70
(79.50-79.80)
84.50
(84.30-84.70)

 Syria
75.10
(73.50-76.60)
80.20
(78.90-81.40)

 Taiwan
75.90
(75.80-76.00)
81.90
(81.80-82.00)

 Tajikistan
65.20
(62.70-67.50)
71.50
(69.40-73.60)

 Tanzania
60.90
(58.10-63.70)
62.60
(60.20-65.20)

 Thailand
70.90
(69.10-72.50)
77.50
(76.30-78.80)

 The Bahamas
71.40
(68.50-74.50)
80.40
(76.90-85.50)

 The Gambia
60.80
(53.40-69.00)
64.00
(55.90-72.40)

 Timor-Leste
67.80
(66.30-69.20)
69.70
(68.10-71.20)

 Togo
58.30
(54.70-61.80)
62.10
(58.40-65.60)

 Tonga
67.30
(64.70-69.90)
73.80
(71.40-76.10)

 Trinidad and Tobago
66.20
(65.00-67.40)
75.30
(74.10-76.40)

 Tunisia
74.10
(70.70-77.60)
78.90
(75.70-81.90)

 Turkey
71.20
(69.50-73.00)
77.70
(75.90-79.30)

 Turkmenistan
65.40
(60.70-69.50)
73.40
(69.50-77.20)

 Uganda
58.30
(55.30-61.40)
62.50
(59.80-65.10)

 UK
77.80
(77.80-77.90)
81.90
(81.80-82.00)

 Ukraine
64.50
(63.50-65.30)
74.90
(74.20-75.40)

 United Arab Emirates
75.30
(73.00-77.60)
78.60
(76.50-80.70)

 Uruguay
72.60
(72.10-73.10)
80.40
(79.90-80.90)

 U.S.
75.90
(75.80-75.90)
80.50
(80.50-80.60)

 Uzbekistan
65.60
(61.90-68.80)
72.30
(69.50-75.30)

 Vanuatu
62.20
(54.10-69.50)
66.90
(59.80-72.50)

 Venezuela
70.30
(68.90-71.50)
79.20
(78.40-80.00)

 Vietnam
71.60
(69.30-74.00)
79.60
(78.00-81.10)

 Yemen
65.50
(59.20-71.40)
66.30
(59.30-72.40)

 Zambia
54.30
(51.10-57.70)
57.30
(54.20-60.30)

 Zimbabwe
51.10
(46.60-55.60)
55.10
(51.30-59.30)

text: List by the CIA (2016)[edit]

text: The US CIA published the following life expectancy data in its World Factbook.[1]

text:
Rank
Entity
Overall life expectancy at birth
Male life expectancy at birth
Female life expectancy at birth

1
 Monaco
89.5
85.6
93.5

2
 Japan
85
81.7
88.5

3
 Singapore
85
82.3
87.8

4
 Macau ( China)
84.5
81.6
87.6

5
 San Marino
83.3
80.7
86.1

6
 Iceland
83
80.9
85.3

7
 Hong Kong ( China)
82.9
80.3
85.8

8
 Andorra
82.8
80.6
85.1

9
  Switzerland
82.6
80.3
85

10
 Guernsey
82.5
79.9
85.4

11
 Israel
82.4
80.6
84.4

12
 South Korea
82.4
79.3
85.8

13
 Luxembourg
82.3
79.8
84.9

14
 Australia
82.2
79.8
84.8

15
 Italy
82.2
79.6
85

16
 Sweden
82.1
80.2
84.1

17
 Canada
81.9
79.2
84.6

18
 Jersey
81.9
79.4
84.5

19
 Liechtenstein
81.9
79.7
84.6

20
 France (metropolitan)
81.8
78.7
85.1

21
 Norway
81.8
79.8
83.9

22
 Spain
81.7
78.7
84.9

23
 Austria
81.5
78.9
84.3

24
 Anguilla
81.4
78.8
84.1

25
 Bermuda
81.3
78.1
84.5

26
 Netherlands
81.3
79.2
83.6

27
 Cayman Islands
81.2
78.5
84

28
 Isle of Man
81.2
79.5
83

29
 New Zealand
81.2
79.1
83.3

30
 Belgium
81
78.4
83.7

31
 Finland
80.9
77.9
84

32
 Ireland
80.8
78.5
83.2

33
 Germany
80.7
78.4
83.1

34
 United Kingdom
80.7
78.5
83

35
 Greece
80.5
77.9
83.3

36
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon
80.5
78.2
83

37
 Faroe Islands
80.4
77.8
83.1

38
 Malta
80.4
78
82.8

39
 European Union
80.2
77.4
83.2

40
 Taiwan
80.1
77
83.5

41
 U.S. Virgin Islands
80
77
83.2

42
 Turks and Caicos Islands
79.8
77.1
82.7

43
 United States
79.8
77.5
82.1

44
 Wallis and Futuna
79.7
76.7
82.8

45
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
79.5
76.6
82.6

46
 Denmark
79.4
77
82

47
 Gibraltar
79.4
76.6
82.5

48
 Puerto Rico
79.4
75.8
83.1

49
 Portugal
79.3
76.1
82.8

50
 Bahrain
78.9
76.7
81.1

51
 Chile
78.8
75.7
81.9

52
 Cuba
78.7
76.4
81.1

53
 Cyprus
78.7
75.8
81.6

54
 Qatar
78.7
76.7
80.8

55
 British Virgin Islands
78.6
77.2
80.1

56
 Costa Rica
78.6
75.9
81.4

57
 Czech Republic
78.6
75.7
81.8

58
 Panama
78.6
75.8
81.6

59
 Albania
78.3
75.7
81.2

60
 Slovenia
78.2
74.6
82

61
 Dominican Republic
78.1
75.9
80.5

62
 Sint Maarten ( Netherlands)
78.1
75.8
80.6

63
 Kuwait
78
76.6
79.4

64
 Northern Mariana Islands ( US)
78
75.3
80.8

65
 Falkland Islands
77.9
75.6
79.6

66
 Saint Lucia
77.8
75
80.7

67
 New Caledonia ( France)
77.7
73.7
81.9

68
 Lebanon
77.6
76.3
78.9

69
 Poland
77.6
73.7
81.7

70
 United Arab Emirates
77.5
74.8
80.2

71
 Brunei
77.2
74.8
79.6

72
 French Polynesia ( France)
77.2
74.9
79.6

73
 Paraguay
77.2
74.5
80

74
 Uruguay
77.2
74.1
80.5

75
 Argentina
77.1
74
80.4

76
 Slovakia
77.1
73.5
80.9

77
 Dominica
77
74
80.1

78
 Morocco
76.9
73.8
80.1

79
 Algeria
76.8
75.5
78.2

80
 Aruba ( Netherlands)
76.8
73.7
79.9

81
 Ecuador
76.8
73.8
79.9

82
 Sri Lanka
76.8
73.3
80.4

83
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
76.7
73.7
80

84
 Estonia
76.7
71.9
81.7

85
 Antigua and Barbuda
76.5
74.4
78.8

86
 Libya
76.5
74.7
78.3

87
 Georgia
76.2
72.1
80.6

88
 Republic of Macedonia
76.2
73.6
79

89
 Tonga
76.2
74.7
77.8

90
 Tunisia
76.1
74
78.4

91
 Croatia
75.9
72.7
79.2

92
 Hungary
75.9
72.2
79.8

93
 Mexico
75.9
73.1
78.8

94
 Cook Islands
75.8
73
78.8

95
 Venezuela
75.8
72.7
78.9

96
 Colombia
75.7
72.6
79

97
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
75.7
73.3
78.2

98
 Maldives
75.6
73.3
78

99
 Mauritius
75.6
72.2
79.2

100
 Oman
75.5
73.5
77.5

101
 People's Republic of China
75.5
73.5
77.9

102
 Serbia
75.5
72.6
78.5

103
 American Samoa ( US)
75.4
72.4
78.5

104
 Barbados
75.3
73
77.7

105
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
75.3
73.3
77.4

106
 Saudi Arabia
75.3
73.2
77.4

107
 Solomon Islands
75.3
72.7
78.1

108
 Romania
75.1
71.7
78.8

109
 Malaysia
75
72.2
78

110
 West Bank
75
73
77.1

111
 Iraq
74.9
72.6
77.2

112
 Lithuania
74.9
69.5
80.6

113
 Syria
74.9
72.5
77.4

114
 Turkey
74.8
72.5
77.3

115
 El Salvador
74.7
71.4
78.1

116
 Seychelles
74.7
70.2
79.4

117
 Thailand
74.7
71.5
78

118
 Armenia
74.6
71.4
78.3

119
 Jordan
74.6
73.2
76.1

120
 Bulgaria
74.5
71.2
78

121
 Latvia
74.5
69.9
79.3

122
 Montserrat
74.4
75.8
72.9

123
 Grenada
74.3
71.7
77.1

124
 Gaza Strip
73.9
72.3
75.7

125
 Brazil
73.8
70.2
77.5

126
 Uzbekistan
73.8
70.7
77

127
 Peru
73.7
71.7
75.9

128
 Samoa
73.7
70.8
76.8

129
 Jamaica
73.6
72
75.3

130
 Vanuatu
73.4
71.8
75.1

131
 Vietnam
73.4
70.9
76.2

132
 Bangladesh
73.2
71
75.4

133
 Nicaragua
73.2
71.1
75.5

134
 Marshall Islands
73.1
70.9
75.4

135
 Palau
73.1
69.9
76.5

136
 Federated States of Micronesia
72.9
70.8
75

137
 Trinidad and Tobago
72.9
69.9
75.9

138
 Belarus
72.7
67.2
78.6

139
 Egypt
72.7
71.4
74.2

140
 Fiji
72.7
70
75.5

141
 Indonesia
72.7
67.3
69.8

142
 Azerbaijan
72.5
69.5
75.8

143
 Greenland ( Denmark)
72.4
69.7
75.2

144
 The Bahamas
72.4
70
74.8

145
 Guatemala
72.3
70.3
74.4

146
 Suriname
72.2
69.8
74.8

147
 Cabo Verde
72.1
69.8
74.5

148
 Ukraine
71.8
67.1
76.9

149
 Iran
71.4
69.8
73.1

150
 Honduras
71.1
69.5
72.8

151
 Kazakhstan
70.8
65.6
75.7

152
 Kyrgyzstan
70.7
66.5
75.1

153
 Moldova
70.7
66.9
74.8

154
   Nepal
70.7
70.1
71.3

155
 North Korea
70.4
66.6
74.5

156
 Russia
70.3
64.3
76.4

157
 Bhutan
70.1
69.1
71.1

158
 Turkmenistan
70.1
67.1
73.3

159
 Mongolia
69.6
65.4
74.1

160
 Bolivia
69.2
66.4
72.1

161
 Philippines
69.2
65.7
72.9

162
 Belize
68.7
67.2
70.4

163
 India
68.5
67.3
69.8

164
 Guyana
68.4
65.4
71.5

165
 Timor-Leste
68.1
66.5
69.7

166
 Pakistan
67.7
65.8
69.8

167
 Tajikistan
67.7
64.6
71

168
 Papua New Guinea
67.2
65
69.5

169
 Nauru
67.1
63
70.5

170
 Burma
66.6
64.2
69.2

171
 Ghana
66.6
64.1
69.1

172
 Tuvalu
66.5
64.3
68.8

173
 Kiribati
66.2
63.7
68.8

174
 Madagascar
65.9
64.4
67.4

175
 Yemen
65.5
63.4
67.8

176
 Togo
65
62.3
69.7

177
 Eritrea
64.9
62.4
67.5

178
 São Tomé and Príncipe
64.9
63.6
66.3

179
 The Gambia
64.9
62.5
67.3

180
 Cambodia
64.5
62
67.1

181
 Laos
64.3
62.2
66.4

182
 Comoros
64.2
61.9
66.6

183
 Equatorial Guinea
64.2
63.1
65.4

184
 Sudan
64.1
62
66.3

185
 Kenya
64
62.6
65.5

186
 Haiti
63.8
61.2
66.4

187
 Namibia
63.6
62.1
65.1

188
 Djibouti
63.2
60.7
65.8

189
 South Africa
63.1
61.6
64.6

190
Western Sahara
63
60.7
65.4

191
 Mauritania
63
60.7
65.4

192
 Ethiopia
62.2
59.8
64.7

193
 Tanzania
62.2
60.8
63.6

194
 Benin
61.9
60.5
63.3

195
 Senegal
61.7
59.7
63.8

196
 Malawi
61.2
59.2
63.2

197
 Guinea
60.6
59
62.2

198
 Burundi
60.5
58.8
62.3

199
 Rwanda
60.1
58.5
61.7

200
 Republic of the Congo
59.3
58.1
60.6

201
 Liberia
59
57.3
60.8

202
 Côte d'Ivoire
58.7
57.5
59.9

203
 Cameroon
58.5
57.1
59.9

204
 Sierra Leone
58.2
55.6
60.9

205
 Zimbabwe
58
57.3
58.7

206
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
57.3
55.8
58.9

207
 Angola
56
54.8
57.2

208
 Mali
55.8
53.9
57.7

209
 Burkina Faso
55.5
53.4
57.6

210
 Niger
55.5
54.3
56.8

211
 Uganda
55.4
54
56.9

212
 Botswana
54.5
56.3
52.6

213
 Nigeria
53.4
52.4
54.5

214
 Mozambique
53.3
52.6
54.1

215
 Lesotho
53
52.9
53.1

216
 Zambia
52.5
50.8
54.1

217
 Somalia
52.4
50.3
54.5

218
 Central African Republic
52.3
51
53.7

219
 Gabon
52.1
51.6
52.5

220
 Swaziland
51.6
52.2
51

221
 Afghanistan
51.3
49.9
52.7

222
 Guinea-Bissau
50.6
48.6
52.7

223
 Chad
50.2
49
51.3

text: List by the OECD (2013)[edit]

text:
Life expectancy at birth (years), OECD (2013)[14]

Rank
state/territory
Overall
Male
Female

1
 Japan
83.4
80.2
86.6

2
 Spain
83.2
80.2
86.1

3
  Switzerland
82.9
80.7
85.0

4
 Italy
82.8
80.3
85.2

5
 France
82.3
79.0
85.6

6
 Australia
82.2
80.1
84.3

7=
 Israel
82.1
80.3
83.9

7=
 Iceland
82.1
80.5
83.7

9
 Sweden
82.0
80.2
83.8

10
 Luxembourg
81.9
79.8
83.9

11=
 Norway
81.8
79.8
83.8

11=
 South Korea
81.8
78.5
85.1

13
 Canada[15]
81.5
79.3
83.6

14=
 New Zealand
81.4
79.5
83.2

14=
 Netherlands
81.4
79.5
83.2

14=
 Greece
81.4
78.7
84.0

17
 Austria
81.2
78.6
83.8

18=
 United Kingdom
81.1
79.2
82.9

18=
 Ireland
81.1
79.0
83.1

18=
 Finland
81.1
78.0
84.1

21
 Germany
80.9
78.6
83.2

22
 Portugal
80.8
77.6
84.0

23
 Belgium
80.7
78.1
83.2

24
 Slovenia
80.4
77.2
83.6

25
 Denmark
80.4
78.3
82.4

26=
 Chile
78.8
76.3
81.4

26=
 United States
78.8
76.4
81.2

28
 Czech Republic
78.3
75.2
81.3

29
 Estonia
77.3
72.8
81.7

30
 Poland
77.1
73.0
81.2

31
 Turkey
76.6
73.7
79.4

32
 Slovakia
76.5
72.9
80.1

33
 Hungary
75.7
72.2
79.1

34
 Mexico
74.6
71.7
77.4