document_title: Football records in England

question_text: most red cards in a single premier league match

text: Football records in England

text: National team[edit]

text: League[edit]

text: Records in this section refer to the English Football Pyramid

text: Titles[edit]

text:
Most League titles: 20, Manchester United
Most consecutive League titles: 3, joint record:[1]

Huddersfield Town: 1923–24, 1924–25, 1925–26
Arsenal: 1932–33, 1933–34, 1934–35
Liverpool: 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84
Manchester United (twice): 1998–99, 1999–00, 2000–01; 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09

Top-flight title win at first attempt: 1961-62, Ipswich

text: Top-flight appearances[edit]

text:
Most seasons in top flight overall: 114 seasons, Everton
Most consecutive seasons in top flight: 90 seasons, Arsenal (1919–present, though no League football was played due to World War II between 1939 and 1945–46)[2]
Fewest seasons in top flight overall: 1 season, joint record, Glossop, Leyton Orient, Northampton Town, Carlisle United, Swindon Town and Barnsley have completed only one season in top flight in their history.

text: Representation[edit]

text:
Most participants in top flight from one area: During the three consecutive seasons 1919–21, the historic boundaries (pre-1974) of the County of Lancashire had nine participants in the top-flight: Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers, Burnley, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Oldham Athletic,and Preston North End.[3]

During the Premiership era, there were eight participants in the historic county of Lancashire during the 2010–11 season: Blackburn Rovers, Blackpool, Bolton Wanderers, Everton, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United,and Wigan Athletic.[3]

Most participants in top flight from one city: During the season 1989–1990, London had eight entrants in the top-flight: Arsenal, Charlton Athletic, Chelsea, Crystal Palace, Millwall, Queen's Park Rangers, Tottenham Hotspur, and Wimbledon.
City represented with most seasons in top flight: Liverpool. The city has always had a top flight member of either Everton or Liverpool.

text: Wins[edit]

text:
Most wins in the top-flight overall: 1863, Liverpool[4]
Most wins at home overall: 1341, Manchester United[5]
Most wins at home in top-flight overall: 1203, Liverpool[4]
Most wins away overall: 755, Manchester United[5]
Most wins away in top-flight overall: 667, Arsenal[4]
Most wins from start of a top flight season: 11, Tottenham Hotspur (First Division, 1960-61)[6]
Most wins from start of a season: 13, Reading F.C. (Third Division, 1985-86)[7]
Most consecutive league wins: 18, Manchester City[8] (Premier League, 28 August 2017 - 27 December 2017)
Most consecutive wins (all competitions): 20, Manchester City[9] (28 August 2017 - 3 December 2017)

text: Draws[edit]

text:
Most draws overall in the top flight: 1106, Everton[4]
Most draws in a season: 23, joint record:[10]

Norwich City (from 42 games, First Division, 1978–79)
Exeter City (from 46 games, Fourth Division, 1986–87)
Hartlepool United (from 46 games, Third Division, 1997–98)
Cardiff City (from 46 games, Third Division, 1997–98)

Most consecutive draws: 8:[10]

Torquay United (Third Division, 1969–70)
Middlesbrough (Second Division, 1970–71)
Peterborough United (Fourth Division, 1971–72)
Birmingham City (Third Division, 1990–91)
Chesterfield (League One, 2005–06)
Southampton (Championship, 2005–06)
Swansea City (Championship, 2008–09)

text: Losses[edit]

text:
Most losses overall in the top flight: 1,506, Everton[4]
Most losses in a season: 34, Doncaster Rovers, (Third Division, 1997–98; final record P46 W4 D8 L34)
Fewest losses: 0, joint record:[11][12]

Preston North End (First Division, 1888–89; final record P22 W18 D4 L0)
Arsenal (Premier League, 2003–04; final record P38 W26 D12 L0)
Liverpool (Second Division, 1893-94; final record P28 W22 D6 L0)

Most consecutive losses:[13]

18, Darwen, 1898–1899 (Second Division)
17, Rochdale, 1931–32 (Division 3 North)
17, Sunderland, 2002-2003 (15 in top tier)

text: Points[edit]

text:
Most points overall in the top flight (mixed 3pts for a win and 2pts for win): 5,437, Liverpool[14][15]
Most points in a season (2 points for a win - 46 matches): 74, Lincoln City (Fourth Division, 1975–76)
Most points in a season (3 points for a win - 46 matches): 106, Reading (Championship, 2005–06)
Most points in a season for a top-flight team (2 points for a win - 42 matches): 68 (30 wins 8 draws), Liverpool (First Division, 1978–79)
Most points in a season for a top-flight team (3 points for a win - 38 matches): 95 (29 wins 8 draws), Chelsea (Premier League, 2004–05)
Fewest points in a season (2 points for a win - 34 matches): 8, joint record:

Loughborough (Second Division, 1899–1900)
Doncaster Rovers (Second Division, 1904–05)

Fewest points in a season (3 points for a win - 38 matches): 11, Derby County (Premier League, 2007–08)
Most points in a season while being relegated (2 points for a win - 46 matches): 41, Rotherham United (Third Division, 1972–73)
Most points in a season while being relegated (3 points for a win - 46 matches): 54, joint record:

Southend United (Third Division, 21st of 24; 1988–89)
Peterborough United (Championship, 22nd of 24; 2012-13)

text: Games without a win[edit]

text:
Most consecutive league games without a win: 32, Derby County (Premier League/Championship 22 September 2007 to 13 September 2008)
Longest run without a home win: Sunderland (Premier League/Championship 17 December 2016 to 16 December 2017).

text: Goals[edit]

text:
Most league goals scored in a season: (134) Peterborough United (Fourth Division, 1960–61)[16]
Most top-flight goals scored in a season (42 games): 128, Aston Villa (First Division, 1930–31)[17]
Most goals scored in all competitions in a season by a top-flight side: 156, Manchester City (2013–14)[18]
Most top-flight goals scored in total: 6929, Everton.[19] - to end 2016/17 season
Most home league goals scored in a season: 87, Millwall (Third Division South, 1927–28)[16]
Most away league goals scored in a season: 60, Arsenal (First Division, 1930–31)[16]
Most consecutive games scoring: 55, Arsenal (Premier League, 19 May 2001 – 30 November 2002)[20]
Most consecutive games without scoring: 11, Coventry City (Second Division, 1919–20) and Hartlepool United (League Two, 1992–93)[16]
First league goal awarded by goal-line technology: scored by Edin Džeko in the 14th minute of the Premier League game between Manchester City and Cardiff City on 18 January 2014. The game was officiated by Neil Swarbrick, who consulted his watch when Cardiff defender Kevin McNaughton quickly cleared the ball away just after it entered the goal.[21]

text: Scorelines[edit]

text:
Record win: 13–0, joint record:

Stockport County 13–0 Halifax Town (Third Division North, 6 January 1934)[22]
Newcastle United 13–0 Newport County (Second Division, 5 October 1946)

Record win in top division: 12–0, joint record:

West Bromwich Albion 12–0 Darwen (First Division, 4 April 1892)[23]
Nottingham Forest 12–0 Leicester Fosse (First Division, 21 March 1909)[23]

Record away win: Port Vale 0–10 Sheffield United (Second Division, 10 December 1892)
Record away win in top flight: by 8 goals, joint record

Wolverhampton Wanderers 0–8 West Bromwich Albion (First Division, 27 December 1893)[23]
Newcastle United 1–9 Sunderland (First Division, 5 December 1908)[23]
Cardiff City 1–9 Wolverhampton Wanderers (First Division, 3 November 1955)[23]

Highest scoring draw: 6–6, joint record:

Leicester City 6–6 Arsenal (First Division, 21 April 1930)[24]
Charlton Athletic 6–6 Middlesbrough (Second Division, 22 October 1960)[25]

Most double figure league wins by a team: 5, Birmingham City (12–0 v Walsall, 17 December 1892; 10–2 v Manchester City, 17 March 1894; 10–1 v Blackpool, 2 March 1901; 12–0 v Doncaster Rovers, 11 April 1903; 11–1 v Glossop, 6 January 1915) (all Second Division)
Most goals scored by a losing side: 6 by Huddersfield Town losing 7–6 to Charlton Athletic (21 December 1957)

text: Disciplinary[edit]

text:
Most red cards in a single match:

5 joint:
Bradford City (3) v. Crawley Town (2) (27 March 2012) (all after the final whistle)
Chesterfield (2) v. Plymouth Argyle (3) (22 February 1997)
Wigan Athletic (1) v. Bristol Rovers (4) (2 December 1997)
Exeter City (3) v. Cambridge United (2) (23 November 2002)

Most red cards in a career (individual): 13, joint record:

Roy McDonough (Colchester United, Exeter City, Southend United),[26][27]
Steve Walsh (Wigan Athletic and Leicester City)[26][27]

Fastest red card: 13 seconds, Kevin Pressman (Sheffield Wednesday v Wolverhampton Wanderers, 13 August 2000)[28]
Fastest yellow card: 3 seconds, Vinnie Jones (Chelsea v Sheffield United, 21 March 1992)[29]
Fastest red card for a substitute on the field of play: 0 seconds, joint record:

Walter Boyd (Swansea City, 12 March 2000),
Keith Gillespie (Sheffield United, 20 January 2007)

text: Both players came on as a substitute and elbowed/pushed an opponent before the game had been restarted.

text: Transfers[edit]

text:
Highest transfer fee received: £142 million:

Philippe Coutinho, from Liverpool to FC Barcelona (7 January 2018)

Highest transfer fee paid: £89 million:

Paul Pogba, from Juventus to Manchester United (8 August 2016)

text: Individual[edit]

text: Appearances[edit]

text:
Most titles won by an individual player: 13, Ryan Giggs
Most career league appearances: 1,005 (849 in First Division), Peter Shilton (1966 to 1997)[30]
Most career league appearances by an outfield player: 931, Tony Ford (1975 to 2002)
Most career league appearances at one club: 770, John Trollope (Swindon Town, 1960 to 1980)
Most career top-flight league appearances at one club: 672, Ryan Giggs (Manchester United, 1991 to 6 May 2014)
Most career consecutive league appearances: 375, Harold Bell (Tranmere Rovers), 1946 to 1955 (401 consecutive club games including 26 FA Cup appearances)
Oldest player: Neil McBain, 51 years and 20 days (for New Brighton v. Hartlepool United, 1947)
Youngest player: Reuben Noble-Lazarus, 15 years and 45 days (for Barnsley v. Ipswich Town, 30 September 2008)[31]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
Most career league goals: 434, Arthur Rowley (619 matches, for West Bromwich Albion, Fulham, Leicester City and Shrewsbury Town, 1946 to 1965)
Most career top-flight goals: 357, Jimmy Greaves (516 matches, for Chelsea, Tottenham Hotspur and West Ham United, 1957 to 1971)
Most consecutive top flight league matches scored in: 12, Jimmy Dunne, for Sheffield United between 24 October 1931 and 1 January 1932, for a total of 18 goals.
Most goals in a season: 60, Dixie Dean (39 matches, for Everton 1927–28)
Most goals in a game: 10, Joe Payne (for Luton Town v. Bristol Rovers, 13 April 1936)
Most goals in a top-flight game: 7, Ted Drake for Arsenal v. Aston Villa (away), 14 December 1935[32]
Fastest goal: 3.5 seconds, Colin Cowperthwaite (for Barrow v. Kettering Town, 1979)[33]
Fastest goal on a League debut: 7 seconds, Freddy Eastwood (for Southend United v. Swansea City, 16 October 2004)
Fastest hat-trick (time between first and third goals): 2 minutes 21 seconds, James Hayter (for AFC Bournemouth v. Wrexham, 23 February 2004)
Fastest goal by a substitute: 6 seconds, Nicklas Bendtner (for Arsenal v. Tottenham Hotspur, 22 December 2007)[34]
Fastest player to 100 English top flight goals Dave Halliday - 101 games[35]
Players to score over 30 league goals in four consecutive seasons Dave Halliday - 1925-29.[35] Halliday in fact scored at least 35 goals in each of those four seasons[35]
Most own goals in one season: 5, SP Bloke (Middlesbrough, 1934–35)
Most hat-tricks in one season: 9, George Camsell (Middlesbrough, 1926–27)
Most career hat-tricks: 37, Dixie Dean (Tranmere Rovers, Everton, 1923–1937)
Longest goalkeeping run without conceding a goal: 1,311 minutes, Edwin van der Sar (for Manchester United, 2008–09)
Youngest goalscorer: Ronnie Dix, 15 years and 180 days (for Bristol Rovers v. Norwich City, 3 March 1928)
Youngest top-flight goalscorer: Jason Dozzell, 16 years and 57 days (for Ipswich Town v. Coventry City, February 1984)
Youngest hat-trick goalscorer: Trevor Francis, 16 years and 317 days (for Birmingham City v. Bolton Wanderers, 20 February 1971)

text: FA Cup[edit]

text: Final[edit]

text: Team[edit]

text:
Most wins: 13:

Arsenal (1930, 1936, 1950, 1971, 1979, 1993, 1998, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2014, 2015, 2017)

Most consecutive wins: 3, joint record:

Wanderers (1876, 1877, 1878)
Blackburn Rovers, (1884, 1885, 1886)

Most appearances in a final: 20:

Arsenal (1927, 1930, 1932, 1936, 1950, 1952, 1971, 1972, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1993, 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2014, 2015, 2017)

Most appearances without winning: 4, Leicester City (1949, 1961, 1963, 1969)
Most appearances without losing: 6, Arsenal (2002, 2003, 2005, 2014, 2015, 2017)
Biggest win: 6 goals: Bury 6–0 Derby County, (1903)
Most goals in a final: 7:

Blackburn Rovers 6–1 Sheffield Wednesday (1890)
Blackpool 4–3 Bolton Wanderers (1953)

Most goals by a losing side: 3:

Bolton Wanderers: Lost 3–4 against Blackpool (1953)
West Ham United: Drew 3–3 but lost in a penalty shootout against Liverpool (2006)

Most defeats in the final: 8, Everton (1893, 1897, 1907, 1968, 1985, 1986, 1989, 2009)

text: Individual[edit]

text:
Most wins: 7, Ashley Cole (Arsenal) (2002, 2003, 2005) & (Chelsea) (2007, 2009, 2010, 2012)
Most appearances: 9, Arthur Kinnaird (Wanderers) (1872–73, 1874–75, 1875–76, 1876–77, 1877–78) & (Old Etonians) (1878–79, 1880–81, 1881–82, 1882–83)
Most goals (one final): 3, Billy Townley (Blackburn Rovers) (1890), James Logan (Notts County) (1894) & Stan Mortensen (Blackpool) (1953)
Most goals (all finals): 5, Ian Rush (Liverpool)
Most finals scored in: 4, Didier Drogba (Chelsea) (2007, 2009, 2010, 2012)
Youngest FA Cup finalist: Curtis Weston (Millwall), 17 years and 119 days
Youngest player to score in an FA Cup Final: Norman Whiteside (Manchester United), 18 years and 19 days
Oldest player: Billy Hampson, 41 years and 257 days (for Newcastle United v. Aston Villa, 1923–24)

text: All rounds[edit]

text:
Most FA Cup goals scored: 844: Kettering town[36]
Most FA Cup goals conceded: 539: Aston Villa.[36]
Highest FA Cup goal difference: +305: Aston Villa.[36]
Most FA Cup games played: 440: Arsenal.[36]
Most FA Cup games won: 236: Manchester United.[36]
Most FA Cup games lost: 128: Notts County.[36]
Most FA Cup games drawn: 103: Arsenal.[36]
Biggest win: Preston North End 26–0 Hyde (First Round, 15 October 1887)
Biggest away win: Clapton 0–14 Nottingham Forest (First Round, 17 January 1891)
Most clubs competing for trophy in a season: 763 (2011–12)
Longest tie: 660 minutes (6 matches in total), Oxford City v. Alvechurch (Fourth Qualifying Round, 1971–72; Alvechurch won the sixth match 1–0)
Longest penalty shootout: 20 penalties each, Tunbridge Wells v. Littlehampton Town (Preliminary Round Replay, 31 August 2005; Tunbridge Wells won 16–15)
Most rounds played in a season: 9, joint record:

Brighton & Hove Albion (1932–33: 1st–4th Qualifying Rounds, 1st–5th Rounds)
New Brighton (1956–57: Preliminary, 1st–4th Qualifying Rounds, 1st–4th Rounds)
Blyth Spartans (1977–78: 1st–4th Qualifying Rounds, 1st–5th Rounds)
Harlow Town (1979–80: Preliminary, 1st–4th Qualifying Rounds, 1st–4th Rounds)

Most games played in a season: 13, Bideford (1973–74: one First Qualifying, two Second Qualifying, five Third Qualifying, four Fourth Qualifying and one First Round)
Fastest goal: 4 seconds, Gareth Morris (for Ashton United v. Skelmersdale United, 17 September 2001)
Most consecutive games without defeat: 22, Blackburn Rovers (1884–1886)

Most consecutive games without defeat: (Excluding defeat by penalty shoot-out) 29, Chelsea (2009–13)
Fastest hat-trick: 2 min 20 sec, Andy Locke (for Nantwich Town v. Droylsden, 1995)[37]
Most Career Goals: 49, Henry "Harry" Cursham (Notts County between 1877 and 1888).
Most goals by a player in a single FA Cup season: 19, Jimmy Ross (for Preston North End, 1887-88).[38]
Most goals by a player in a single FA Cup game: 9, Ted MacDougall (for AFC Bournemouth in 1971)[39]
Scoreline: Two examples of teams scoring 7 goals and not winning – Dulwich Hamlet 8–7 St Albans City (Fourth Qualifying Round Replay, 22 November 1922), and Dulwich Hamlet 7–7 Wealdstone (Fourth Qualifying Round, 16 November 1929).
Youngest player: Andy Awford, 15 years and 88 days (for Worcester City v. Boreham Wood, Third qualifying round, 1987–88),[40]
Youngest goalscorer: Sean Cato, 16 years and 25 days (for Barrow Town v. Rothwell Town, 2011–12)[41]
Youngest goalscorer (proper rounds): George Williams, 16 years, 2 months and 5 days (for Milton Keynes Dons v. Nantwich Town, 2011–12)

text: League Cup[edit]

text: Final[edit]

text:
Most wins (team): 8, Liverpool (1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1995, 2001, 2003, 2012)
Biggest win in a final: 5 goals: Swansea City 5–0 Bradford City (2013)
Most goals in a final (Since one off match): 5 goals (joint record)

Queens Park Rangers 3–2 West Bromwich Albion (1967)
Aston Villa 3–2 Everton (1977) (Second replay)
Nottingham Forest 3–2 Southampton (1979)
Luton Town 3–2 Arsenal (1988)
Chelsea 3–2 Liverpool (2005)
Swansea City 5–0 Bradford City (2013)
Manchester United 3–2 Southampton (2017)

Most appearances (team): 12, Liverpool
Most wins (individual): 5, Ian Rush (Liverpool, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1982–83, 1983–84, 1994–95)
Most defeats in a final: 5, Arsenal (1968, 1969, 1988, 2007, 2011)
Most appearances without winning: 2:

West Ham United
Everton
Bolton Wanderers
Sunderland
Southampton

Lowest ranked winners: Queens Park Rangers, Swindon Town – Third Division (now Football League One)
Lowest ranked finalists: Rochdale – Fourth Division (now Football League Two) and Bradford City (Football League Two)
Fastest goal in League Cup Final: 45 seconds, John Arne Riise (Liverpool v. Chelsea in 3–2 defeat, 2005)

text: All rounds[edit]

text:
Biggest win (single match): 10–0, joint record:

West Ham United 10–0 Bury (Second round, second leg, 25 October 1983)
Liverpool 10–0 Fulham (Second round, first leg, 23 September 1986)

Biggest win (aggregate): by 11 goals, joint record:

Liverpool 13–2 Fulham (10–0 First leg & 3–2 Second leg, 1986)
Bury 1–12 West Ham United (1–2 First leg & 0–10 Second leg, 1983)
Liverpool 11–0 Exeter City (5–0 First leg & 6–0 Second leg, 1981)
Watford 11–0 Darlington (8–0 First leg & 3–0 Second leg, 1987)
Everton 11-0 Wrexham (5-0 First leg: Away & 6-0 Second leg: Home, 1990)

Most career goals: 49, joint record:

Geoff Hurst (West Ham United and Stoke City, 1958 to 1976)
Ian Rush (Liverpool and Newcastle United, 1980 to 1998)

Most goals in a single match: 6, Frankie Bunn (for Oldham Athletic v. Scarborough, 25 October 1989, in their 7–0 win)
Most goals by a losing side: Reading (5), Reading v. Arsenal, 30 October 2012 in their 5–7 defeat (after extra time)
Most goals by a side without winning: Dagenham & Redbridge (6), Brentford v. Dagenham & Redbridge, 11 August 2014 in a 6-6 draw (Brentford won 4–2 on penalties).

text: FA Charity / Community Shield[edit]

text: Final[edit]

text:
Most wins (team): 21 (17 outright, 4 shared), Manchester United (1908, 1911, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1965, 1967, 1977, 1983, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016)
Most appearances (team): 30, Manchester United (1908, 1911, 1948, 1952, 1956, 1957, 1963, 1965, 1967, 1977, 1983, 1985, 1990, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2016)
Record scoreline: Manchester United 8–4 Swindon Town in 1911
Most wins (individual): 9, Ryan Giggs all outright wins (1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2013)
Most appearances (individual): 15, Ryan Giggs of Manchester United (1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2013)
Most defeats (individual): 6, Ryan Giggs (1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2009)
Most consecutive wins: 4, Everton (1984, 1985, 1986 (shared), 1987)
Most consecutive defeats: 4, Manchester United (1998, 1999, 2000, 2001)
Most consecutive appearances: 6, Manchester United (1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001)
Most consecutive appearances (individual): 6, Ryan Giggs (1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001)

text: All competitions[edit]

text:
Fastest century of goals scored during a Premier League season (in fewest no. of games played): 103 goals scored in 34 games by Manchester City in season 2013–14. Previous record: 100 goals scored in 42 games by Chelsea in season 2012–13 (excludes games played / goals scored in FA Community Shield (1/2), UEFA Super Cup (1/1) and FIFA Club World Cup (2/3)).[21]
Fastest century of goals scored during a Premier League season (in elapsed calendar days): 103 goals scored on 18 January 2014 by Manchester City in 2013–14. Previous record: 100 goals scored on 21 February 2013 by Chelsea in season 2012–13 (excludes games played / goals scored in FA Community Shield (1/2), UEFA Super Cup (1/1) and FIFA Club World Cup (2/3)).[21]
Most consecutive penalty shoot out wins: 9 by Bradford City between 6 October 2009 and 11 December 2012[42]

Football League Cup (5th Round), 11 December 2012, Bradford City beat Arsenal 3–2 on penalties (score 1–1 after extra time)
FA Cup (2nd Round Proper replay), 13 November 2012, Bradford City beat Northampton Town 4–2 on penalties (score 3–3 after extra time)
Football League Cup (4th Round), 30 October 2012, Bradford City beat Wigan Athletic 4–2 on penalties (score 0–0 after extra time)
Football League Trophy (2nd Round), 9 October 2012, Bradford City beat Hartlepool United 3–2 on penalties (score 0–0 after normal time)
Football League Trophy (Quarter-finals), 8 November 2011, Bradford City beat Sheffield United 6–5 on penalties (score 1–1 after normal time)
Football League Trophy (2nd Round), 4 October 2011, Bradford City beat Huddersfield Town 4–3 on penalties (score 2–2 after normal time)
Football League Trophy (1st Round), 30 August 2011, Bradford City beat Sheffield Wednesday 3–1 on penalties (score 0–0 after normal time)
Football League Trophy (Quarter-finals), 10 November 2009, Bradford City beat Port Vale 5–4 on penalties (score 2–2 after normal time)
Football League Trophy (2nd Round), 6 October 2009, Bradford City beat Notts County 3–2 on penalties (score 2–2 after normal time)

Fastest penalty awarded: 6 seconds. Chester v Witton Albion – 13 December 2016. Referee Joseph Johnson awarded a penalty when Blaine Hudson upended Tolani Omotola after 6 seconds.[43]

text: Attendance records[edit]

text:
Record attendance: 126,047 – Bolton Wanderers v West Ham United played at Wembley FA Cup Final (28 April 1923).
Record attendance at club ground: 121,919 – Aston Villa v Sunderland played at Crystal Palace FA Cup Final (19 April 1913).
Record home attendance: 85,512 – Tottenham Hotspur v Bayer Leverkusen played at Wembley UEFA Champions League (2 November 2016).
Record home attendance at own stadium: 84,569 – Manchester City v Stoke City played at Maine Road FA Cup R6 (3 March 1934).
Record league attendance: 83,260 – Manchester United v Arsenal played at Maine Road First Division (17 January 1948).
Record league attendance at own stadium: 82,905 – Chelsea v Arsenal played at Stamford Bridge First Division (12 October 1935).
Record attendance at new Wembley: 89,874 – Portsmouth v Cardiff FA Cup Final (17 May 2008).

text: List of English record winners of elite competitions[edit]

text: These tables list the clubs that have won elite honours an English record number of times. It lists all international competitions organised by UEFA and FIFA. It also lists elite competitions organised by the English governing bodies the English Football League, the Premier League, and The Football Association; those competitions where clubs wouldn't have qualified for a higher alternative competition, and those which were neither invitational nor regional.

text: Ongoing competitions[edit]

text:
English record winners of all ongoing elite competitions

Competition
Record club
Total wins
Newest win
Notes

English Champions
Manchester United
20
2013
[44]

FA Cup
Arsenal
13
2017
[45]

EFL Cup
Liverpool
8
2012
[46]

FA Community Shield
Manchester United
21
2016
[47]

UEFA Champions League
Liverpool
5
2005
[48]

UEFA Europa League
Liverpool
3
2001
[49]

UEFA Super Cup
Liverpool
3
2005
[50]

FIFA Club World Cup
Manchester United
1
2008
[51]

text: Discontinued Competitions[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2017)

text: This table follows the elite criteria above. It also includes any competitions that were not directly run by the governing bodies but were precursors to such competitions.

text:
English record winners of discontinued elite competitions

Competition
Record club
Total wins
Newest win
Notes

Full Members Cup
Chelsea & Nottingham Forest
2
1992
[52]

Sheriff of London Charity Shield
Corinthian
3
1904
[47]

UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
Chelsea
2
1998
[53]

Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
Leeds United
2
1971
[54]

text: Managers[edit]

text:
Longest-serving manager at one club: Fred Everiss, 46 years (West Bromwich Albion 1902–1948)[55]
Shortest-serving manager at one club (excluding caretakers): Leroy Rosenior, 10 minutes (Torquay United, 17 May 2007)[56]
Most trophy wins: Sir Alex Ferguson, 38 (Manchester United)
Most League title wins: Sir Alex Ferguson, 13 (Manchester United)
Most FA Cup wins: Arsène Wenger, 7 (Arsenal)
Most League Cup wins: 4, joint record:

Brian Clough with Nottingham Forest
Sir Alex Ferguson with Manchester United
José Mourinho with Chelsea and Manchester United

Most FA Charity/Community Shield wins: Sir Alex Ferguson, 10 (9 outright, 1 shared) (Manchester United)
Most Intercontinental Cup / FIFA Club World Cup wins: Sir Alex Ferguson, 2 (Manchester United)
Most European Cup / UEFA Champions League wins: Bob Paisley, 3 (Liverpool)*
Most Inter-Cities Fairs Cup / UEFA Cup / Europa League wins: Don Revie, 2 (Leeds United)
Most top-flight League game wins: Sir Alex Ferguson, 625 games (Manchester United)[57]
Most European Cup / UEFA Champions League game wins: Sir Alex Ferguson, 110 games (Manchester United)[57]

text: (*) This is also a joint overall European record.

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ GGM 26: Arsenal clinch a hat-trick of titles | News Archive | News | Arsenal.com
Jump up ^ All-Time Arsenal | The Club | Arsenal.com
^ Jump up to: a b English Football League and F. A. Premier League Tables 1888-2016 by Michael Robinson (2016)
^ Jump up to: a b c d e England – First Level All-Time Tables
^ Jump up to: a b England – Professional Football All-Time Tables
Jump up ^ Bloomfield, Craig (12 September 2011). "Top 10 starts to a season: Man United, Man City, Liverpool, Arsenal, Leeds United, Spurs and Preston". talksport.com. Talksport. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
Jump up ^ "Club Honours and Records". Reading F.C. 11 July 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
Jump up ^ Bate, Adam (27 December 2017). "Manchester City have won 18 games in a row: Who can stop them now?". Sky Sports. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
Jump up ^ Clayton, David (3 December 2017). "Silva's late winner makes it 20 wins in a row". Manchester City. Manchester. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b The Football League | Stats | Records | Records – League | Draws | DRAWS
Jump up ^ Barclay, Patrick (16 May 2004). "Arsenal join the Invincibles". The Daily Telegraph. London.
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^ Jump up to: a b c d The Football League | Stats | Records | Records – League | Goals | GOALS Archived 20 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Aston Villa did not win the championship, finishing second to Arsenal whose goal tally of 127 that season is the second-highest ever in the top flight.
Jump up ^ "Man City on course to smash the English goalscoring record". MEN. 2016-09-26.
Jump up ^ England – First Level All-Time Tables
Jump up ^ Behind the Numbers: Scoring scoring Arsenal | Club Records | History | Arsenal.com
^ Jump up to: a b c "Premier League review: Man City landmark and did Suarez dive?". London. 19 January 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "Football League Matches: Arsenal Only Draw, Record Scoring by Stockport". The Manchester Guardian. 8 January 1934. p. 3.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e "English Premier League : Records". statto.com. Archived from the original on 7 November 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
Jump up ^ Arsenal's A to Z... L is for Ljungberg | Arsenal.com Archived 15 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ "More Gaffer football trivia answers". Orange. 10 November 2009. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Away penalties at Old Trafford", Sean Ingle, Barry Glendenning and Matt Cunningham, The Guardian, 26 June 2003
^ Jump up to: a b "Football League Records: Disciplinary" Archived 7 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine., The Football League, accessed 4 December 2007
Jump up ^ "Tallest Footballers ever", The Guardian, accessed 10 June 2010
Jump up ^ "Lock, Stock and Three Smoking Seconds!", Bobby F.C., accessed 16 December 2017
Jump up ^ "Peter Shilton: Biography". Archived from the original on 17 May 2007. Retrieved 8 April 2007. Throughout his amazing 30-year career he played for 11 English league clubs through which he accumulated a record 1005 League appearances.
Jump up ^ "Barnsley schoolboy makes history". BBC Sport. 1 October 2008. Retrieved 1 October 2008.
Jump up ^ GGM 38: Ted Drake scores seven in one game | News Archive | News | Arsenal.com
Jump up ^ Hodgson, Guy; Searl, Liz (8 December 1995). "Football's fastest goal claimed". The Independent. London.
Jump up ^ "Fastest football (soccer) goal in the Premier League by a substitute". Retrieved 2016-07-22.
^ Jump up to: a b c Dave Halliday, Queens Legends. www.qosfc.com
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g http://www.statto.com/football/stats/england/fa-cup/all-time-table
Jump up ^ Barber, David (3 February 2010). "Fastest Cup hat-trick". The FA. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
Jump up ^ "FA Cup Heroes". The Football Association. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
Jump up ^ 20 November – Mac o' Nine Tales[permanent dead link], On This Football Day.
Jump up ^ "Gills' Freeman makes Cup history". BBC Sport. 12 November 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2009.
Jump up ^ "Teenager breaks FA Cup record on his debut". Loughborough Echo. 10 September 2011. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 10 September 2011.
Jump up ^ "Bradford City penalty shoot-out record following history-making victory over Arsenal". London: Telegraph Media Group Limited. 12 December 2012. Retrieved 29 May 2013.
Jump up ^ http://www.chesterchronicle.co.uk/sport/football/football-news/chester-fc-concede-quickest-penalty-12317985
Jump up ^ Ross, James (1 Sep 2016). "England - List of Champions". www.rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Ross, James (26 May 2016). "England FA Challenge Cup Finals". www.rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Ross, James (2 March 2017). "England - Football League Cup Finals". www.rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Archived from the original on 29 March 2016. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b Ross, James (18 August 2016). "England - List of FA Charity/Community Shield Matches". www.rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Stokkermans, Karel (8 September 2016). "European Champions' Cup Matches". www.rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
Jump up ^ Stokkermans, Karel (8 September 2016). "UEFA Cup". www.rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
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Jump up ^ Leme de Arruda, Marcelo; Di Maggio, Roberto (12 January 2017). "FIFA Club World Cup". www.rsssf.com. Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 15 March 2017.
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Jump up ^ Leroy Rosenior lost his job at Torquay just 10 minutes after being introduced as the Devon club's new manager. The then Chairman Mike Bateson called him to say he had just sold the club to a group led by Colin Lee, who reinstated himself as director of football only a matter of days after being made redundant by the club.
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question_text: the idea of hard work became a central factor in the development of the

root

text: Summary[edit]

text: Basic concepts[edit]

text: Although not a detailed study of Protestantism but rather an introduction to Weber's later studies of interaction between various religious ideas and economics (The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism, The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism, and Ancient Judaism), The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism argues that Puritan ethics and ideas influenced the development of capitalism. The 'spirit of capitalism' does not refer to the spirit in the metaphysical sense but rather a set of values, the spirit of hard work and progress.[5]

tag: p

text: Religious devotion, Weber argues, is usually accompanied by a rejection of worldly affairs, including the pursuit of wealth and possessions. To illustrate his theory, Weber quotes the ethical writings of Benjamin Franklin:

text: Remember, that time is money. He that can earn ten shillings a day by his labor, and goes abroad, or sits idle, one half of that day, though he spends but sixpence during his diversion or idleness, ought not to reckon that the only expense; he has really spent, or rather thrown away, five shillings besides. [...] Remember, that money is the prolific, generating nature. Money can beget money, and its offspring can beget more, and so on. Five shillings turned is six, turned again is seven and threepence, and so on, till it becomes a hundred pounds. The more there is of it, the more it produces every turning, so that the profits rise quicker and quicker. He that kills a breeding feline taint, destroys all her offspring to the thousandth generation. He that murders a crown, destroys all that it might have produced, even scores of pounds.

text: Weber notes that this is not a philosophy of mere greed, but a statement laden with moral language. Indeed, Franklin claims that God revealed the usefulness of virtue to him.[6]:9–12

text: The Reformation profoundly affected the view of work, dignifying even the most mundane professions as adding to the common good and thus blessed by God, as much as any "sacred" calling (German: Ruf). A common illustration is that of a cobbler, hunched over his work, who devotes his entire effort to the praise of God.

text: To emphasize the work ethic in Protestantism relative to Catholics, he notes a common problem that industrialists face when employing precapitalist laborers: Agricultural entrepreneurs will try to encourage time spent harvesting by offering a higher wage, with the expectation that laborers will see time spent working as more valuable and so engage it longer. However, in precapitalist societies this often results in laborers spending less time harvesting. Laborers judge that they can earn the same, while spending less time working and having more leisure. He also notes that societies having more Protestants are those that have a more developed capitalist economy.[6]:15–16

text: It is particularly advantageous in technical occupations for workers to be extremely devoted to their craft. To view the craft as an end in itself, or as a "calling" would serve this need well. This attitude is well-noted in certain classes which have endured religious education, especially of a Pietist background.[6]:17

text: He defines spirit of capitalism as the ideas and esprit that favour the rational pursuit of economic gain: "We shall nevertheless provisionally use the expression 'spirit of capitalism' for that attitude which, in the pursuit of a calling [berufsmäßig], strives systematically for profit for its own sake in the manner exemplified by Benjamin Franklin."[6]:19

text: Weber points out that such a spirit is not limited to Western culture if one considers it as the attitude of individuals, but that such individuals – heroic entrepreneurs, as he calls them – could not by themselves establish a new economic order (capitalism).[7]:54–55 He further noted that the spirit of capitalism could be divorced from religion, and that those passionate capitalists of his era were either passionate against the Church or at least indifferent to it.[6]:23 Desire for profit with minimum effort and seeing work as a burden to be avoided, and doing no more than what was enough for modest life, were common attitudes.[7]:55 As he wrote in his essays:

text: In order that a manner of life well adapted to the peculiarities of the capitalism… could come to dominate others, it had to originate somewhere, and not in isolated individuals alone, but as a way of life common to the whole groups of man.

text: After defining the "spirit of capitalism," Weber argues that there are many reasons to find its origins in the religious ideas of the Reformation. Many others like William Petty, Montesquieu, Henry Thomas Buckle, John Keats have noted the affinity between Protestantism and the development of commercialism.[8]

text: Weber shows that certain branches of Protestantism had supported worldly activities dedicated to economic gain, seeing them as endowed with moral and spiritual significance. This recognition was not a goal in itself; rather they were a byproduct of other doctrines of faith that encouraged planning, hard work and self-denial in the pursuit of worldly riches.[7]:57

text: Origins of the Protestant work ethic[edit]

text: Weber traced the origins of the Protestant ethic to the Reformation, though he acknowledged some respect for secular everyday labor as early as the Middle Ages.[6]:28 The Roman Catholic Church assured salvation to individuals who accepted the church's sacraments and submitted to the clerical authority. However, the Reformation had effectively removed such assurances. From a psychological viewpoint, the average person had difficulty adjusting to this new worldview, and only the most devout believers or "religious geniuses" within Protestantism, such as Martin Luther, were able to make this adjustment, according to Weber.

text: In the absence of such assurances from religious authority, Weber argued that Protestants began to look for other "signs" that they were saved. Calvin and his followers taught a doctrine of double predestination, in which from the beginning God chose some people for salvation and others for damnation. The inability to influence one's own salvation presented a very difficult problem for Calvin's followers. It became an absolute duty to believe that one was chosen for salvation, and to dispel any doubt about that: lack of self-confidence was evidence of insufficient faith and a sign of damnation. So, self-confidence took the place of priestly assurance of God's grace.

text: Worldly success became one measure of that self-confidence. Luther made an early endorsement of Europe's emerging divisions. Weber identifies the applicability of Luther's conclusions, noting that a "vocation" from God was no longer limited to the clergy or church, but applied to any occupation or trade. Weber had always detested Lutheranism for the servility it inspired toward the bureaucratic state. When he discussed it in the Protestant Ethic, he used Lutheranism as the chief example of the unio mystica that contrasted sharply with the ascetic posture. Later he would associate "Luther, the symbolic exponent of bureaucratic despotism, with the ascetic hostility to Eros — an example of Weber's sporadic tendency to link together bureaucratic and ascetic modes of life and to oppose both from mystical and aristocratic perspectives."[9]

text: However, Weber saw the fulfillment of the Protestant ethic not in Lutheranism, which was too concerned with the reception of divine spirit in the soul, but in Calvinistic forms of Christianity.[6]:32–33 The trend was carried further still in Pietism.[6]:90 The Baptists diluted the concept of the calling relative to Calvinists, but other aspects made its congregants fertile soil for the development of capitalism—namely, a lack of paralyzing ascetism, the refusal to accept state office and thereby develop unpolitically, and the doctrine of control by conscience which caused rigorous honesty.[6]:102–104

text: What Weber argued, in simple terms:

text:
According to the new Protestant religions, an individual was religiously compelled to follow a secular vocation (German: Beruf) with as much zeal as possible. A person living according to this world view was more likely to accumulate money.
The new religions (in particular, Calvinism and other more austere Protestant sects) effectively forbade wastefully using hard earned money and identified the purchase of luxuries as a sin. Donations to an individual's church or congregation were limited due to the rejection by certain Protestant sects of icons. Finally, donation of money to the poor or to charity was generally frowned on as it was seen as furthering beggary. This social condition was perceived as laziness, burdening their fellow man, and an affront to God; by not working, one failed to glorify God.

tag: ul

text: The manner in which this paradox was resolved, Weber argued, was the investment of this money, which gave an extreme boost to nascent capitalism.

text: The Protestant work ethic in Weber's time[edit]

text: By the time Weber wrote his essay, he believed that the religious underpinnings of the Protestant ethic had largely gone from society. He cited the writings of Benjamin Franklin, which emphasized frugality, hard work and thrift, but were mostly free of spiritual content. Weber also attributed the success of mass production partly to the Protestant ethic. Only after expensive luxuries were disdained could individuals accept the uniform products, such as clothes and furniture, that industrialization offered.

text: In his remarkably prescient conclusion to the book, Weber lamented that the loss of religious underpinning to capitalism's spirit has led to a kind of involuntary servitude to mechanized industry.

text: The Puritan wanted to work in calling; we are forced to do so. For when asceticism was carried out of monastic cells into everyday life, and began to dominate worldly morality, it did its part in building the tremendous cosmos of the modern economic order. This order is now bound to the technical and economic conditions of machine production which today determine the lives of all the individuals who are born into this mechanism, not only those directly concerned with economic acquisition, with irresistible force. Perhaps it will so determine them until the last ton of fossilized coal is burnt. In Baxter’s view the care for external goods should only lie on the shoulders of the 'saint like a light cloak, which can be thrown aside at any moment.' But fate decreed that the cloak should become an iron cage. (Page 181, 1953 Scribner's edition.)

text: Weber maintained that while Puritan religious ideas had significantly impacted the development of economic system in Europe and United States, there were other factors in play, as well. They included a closer relationship between mathematics and observation, the enhanced value of scholarship, rational systematization of government administration, and an increase in entrepreneurship ventures. In the end, the study of Protestant ethic, according to Weber, investigated a part of the detachment from magic, that disenchantment of the world that could be seen as a unique characteristic of Western culture.[7]:60

text: Conclusions[edit]

text: In the final endnotes Weber states that he abandoned research into Protestantism because his colleague Ernst Troeltsch, a professional theologian, had begun work on The Social Teachings of the Christian Churches and Sects. Another reason for Weber's decision was that Troeltsch's work already achieved what he desired in that area, which is laying groundwork for comparative analysis of religion and society. Weber moved beyond Protestantism with his research but would continue research into sociology of religion within his later works (the study of Judaism and the religions of China and India).[7]:49

text: This book is also Weber's first brush with the concept of rationalization. His idea of modern capitalism as growing out of the religious pursuit of wealth meant a change to a rational means of existence, wealth. That is to say, at some point the Calvinist rationale informing the "spirit" of capitalism became unreliant on the underlying religious movement behind it, leaving only rational capitalism. In essence then, Weber's "Spirit of Capitalism" is effectively and more broadly a Spirit of Rationalization.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The essay can also be interpreted as one of Weber's criticisms of Karl Marx and his theories. While Marx's historical materialism held that all human institutions – including religion – were based on economic foundations, many have seen The Protestant Ethic as turning this theory on its head by implying that a religious movement fostered capitalism, not the other way around.[citation needed]

text: Other scholars have taken a more nuanced view of Weber's argument. Weber states in the closing of this essay, "it is, of course, not my aim to substitute for a one-sided materialistic an equally one-sided spiritualistic causal interpretation of culture and history. Each is equally possible, but each if it does not serve as the preparation, but as the conclusion of an investigation, accomplishes equally little in the interest of historical truth." Weber's argument can be understood as an attempt to deepen the understanding of the cultural origins of capitalism, which does not exclude the historical materialist origins described by Marx: modern capitalism emerged from an elective affinity of 'material; and 'ideal' factors.[2]

text: Table of contents[edit]

text:
Table of contents from the 1958 Scribner's edition, with section titles added by Talcott Parsons:
Part 1. The Problem

text: Part 2. The Practical Ethics of the Ascetic Branches of Protestantism.

text: Criticisms[edit]

text: Economic criticism[edit]

text: The economist and historian Henryk Grossman criticises Weber's analysis on two fronts, firstly with reference to Marx's extensive work which showed that the stringent legal measures taken against poverty and vagabondage was a reaction to the massive population shifts caused by the enclosure of the commons in England. And, secondly, in Grossman's own work showing how this "bloody legislation" against those who had been put off their land was effected across Europe and especially in France. For Grossman this legislation, the outlawing of idleness and the poorhouses they instituted physically forced people from serfdom into wage-labor. For him, this general fact was not related to Protestantism and so capitalism came largely by force and not by any vocational training regarding an inner-worldliness of Protestantism.[10] However, it is possible that the Protestant "work ethic" reinforced or legitimized these legal measures within a larger cultural context.

text: In a paper published on 10 November 2009, Harvard economist Davide Cantoni tested Weber's Protestant hypothesis using population and economic growth in second-millennium Germany as the data set, with negative results. Cantoni writes:

text: Using population figures in a dataset comprising 276 cities in the years 1300–1900, I find no effects of Protestantism on economic growth. The finding is robust to the inclusion of a variety of controls, and does not appear to depend on data selection or small sample size. In addition, Protestantism has no effect when interacted with other likely determinants of economic development. I also analyze the endogeneity of religious choice; instrumental variables estimates of the effects of Protestantism are similar to the OLS results.[11]

text: However, Cantoni uses city size, and not relative real wage growth, which was the Weber thesis, as his "main dependent variable" (Cantoni, 2).

text: Other recent scholarship continues to find valid Protestant Ethic effects both in historical and contemporary development patterns.

text: Dudley and Blum write:

text: Evidence of falling wages in Catholic cities and rising wages in Protestant cities between 1500 and 1750, during the spread of literacy in the vernacular, is inconsistent with most theoretical models of economic growth. In The Protestant Ethic, Weber suggested an alternative explanation based on culture. Here, a theoretical model confirms that a small change in the subjective cost of cooperating with strangers can generate a profound transformation in trading networks. In explaining urban growth in early-modern Europe, specifications compatible with human-capital versions of the neoclassical model and endogenous-growth theory are rejected in favor of a "small-world" formulation based on the Weber thesis.[12]

text: Revisionist criticism[edit]

text: H. M. Robertson, in his book Aspects of Economic Individualism, argued against the historical and religious claims of Weber. Robertson points out that capitalism began to flourish not in Britain, but in 14th century Italy, a decidedly different epoch. Since this is true, then the rise of capitalism cannot be attributed to Adam Smith, the Protestant Reformation, etc. In fact, Robertson goes further, and states that what happened in Britain was rather a retrogression from what was achieved in Italy centuries earlier.

text: Looking at the history of the development of economic thought, Robertson shows that Adam Smith and David Ricardo did not found economic science de novo. In fact, liberal economic theory was developed by French and Italian Catholics, who were influenced by the Scholastics. The British economic thought was rather a step backwards since it espoused the Labor Theory of Value, which had already been proved incorrect by the School of Salamanca.[13]

text: Other criticism[edit]

text: It has recently been suggested that Protestantism has indeed influenced positively the capitalist development of respective social systems not so much through the "Protestant ethics" but rather through the promotion of literacy.[14]

text: Becker and Wossmann at the University of Munich,[15] as well as Andrey Korotayev and Daria Khaltourina at the Russian Academy of Sciences,[14] showed that literacy levels differing in religious areas can sufficiently explain the economic gaps cited by Weber. The results were supported even under a concentric diffusion model of Protestantism using distance from Wittenberg as a model.[15]

text: Support[edit]

text: In 1958, American sociologist Gerhard Lenski conducted an empirical inquiry into "religion's impact on politics, economics, and family life" in the Detroit, Mich., area. It revealed, among other insights, that there were significant differences between Catholics on the one hand and (white) Protestants and Jews on the other hand with respect to economics and the sciences. Lenski's data supported basic hypotheses of Weber's work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. According to Lenski, "the contribution of Protestantism to material progress have been largely unintended by-products of certain distinctive Protestant traits. This was a central point in Weber's theory." Lenski noted that more than a hundred years prior to Weber, John Wesley, one of the founders of the Methodist church, had observed that "diligence and frugality" made Methodists wealthy. "In an early era, Protestant asceticism and dedication to work, as noted both by Wesley and Weber, seem to have been important patterns of action contributing to economic progress. Both facilitated the accumulation of capital, so critically important to the economic growth and development of nations."[16]

text: German theologian Friedrich Wilhelm Graf notes: "Sociologists of religion like Peter L. Berger and David Martin have interpreted the Protestant revolution in Latin America as implicit support of basic elements of Weber's thesis. [...] At any rate, many pious persons there interpret their transition from the Roman Catholic church to Protestant Pentecostal congregations in terms of a moral idea that promises long-term economic gains through strong innerworldly asceticism. The strict ascetic self-discipline that has been successfully institutionalized in the Pentecostal congregations, the readiness to work more and with greater effort and to take less leisurely attitudes lead many Pentecostal Christians to believe that their new faith in God is supported by their economic successes."[17]


document_title: Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer

question_text: when was the song grandma got run over by a reindeer written

text: Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: In the lyrics, a grandmother is celebrating at a Christmas Eve party with her family when, while off her medication and drunk on spiked eggnog, she staggers outside into a snowstorm against the pleas of everyone in the room. She is found the next day, trampled; Santa Claus and his reindeer are determined to be the culprit when "incriminating Claus marks" are found on Grandma's back. The second and third verses describe the Christmas gathering where "all the family's dressed in black" and the family wonders if all the Christmas gifts they bought for her should be returned (the consensus is a firm yes). Christmas dinner otherwise goes on as normal, with a centerpiece of roast goose, figgy pudding for dessert, and "blue and silver candles" to match Grandma's hairpiece; the newly widowed Grandpa seems completely unfazed by his wife's demise and spends the holiday "watching football, drinking beer and playing cards with Cousin Mel" (who, while not stated as such in the lyrics, is an attractive and much younger woman in the music video and animated film). The upshot is a warning to the listener to be aware, because "a man who drives a sleigh and plays with elves" should have never received a driver's license.

text: In the music video, in which Elmo plays both Grandma and Grandpa while Patsy plays Cousin Mel, Grandma survives the attack and makes a triumphant return through the chimney.

text: Releases[edit]

text: According to Brooks, he played the song while sitting in with Elmo and Patsy at the Hyatt Lake Tahoe in December 1978, and after the show they had him make a cassette of the song for them to learn. A year later, they were selling 45s of the song from the stage, with Elmo himself appearing in drag on the album cover as "Grandma".

text: The song was originally self-released in San Francisco by the Shropshires in 1979 on their own record label (on "Elmo 'n' Patsy" #2984), with the B-side titled "Christmas". Initial copies appeared on a cream-colored label, with a sketch of a pig clearly visible, at left. Once initial copies had sold out, later-pressed #2984 cream-colored 45 label copies retained the same pig sketch, but decided to both move the sketch, and add the word "Oink", to the top of the 45's label. Meanwhile, the duo's names were moved to the bottom of the label, below the song title. By the early 1980s, the song was becoming a seasonal hit, first on country stations and then on Top 40 stations. Oink Records, still based in Windsor, California, continued distribution of the 45 rpm record in the western U.S., with "Nationwide Sound Distributors" (NSD) of Nashville, Tennessee pressing and distributing the song on its Soundwaves Records in the eastern U.S., peaking at #92 on the country singles charts. In 1982, the duo both re-recorded and re-released the song as a single, again as Oink #2984. But this time, Oink chose to handle all nationwide product distribution themselves, ending the old NSD-Soundwaves agreement. Re-recorded Oink #2984 45 copies appeared on a white label, not a cream-colored label, however. That is the easiest way (aside from listening to the 45 itself) to differentiate between the original, 1979 Oink #2984 recording and its now-much-more familiar, 1982 re-recording. An entire LP, named after their hit song, was also recorded in 1982, and was initially released as Oink #8223. In 1984, with the song now a big hit nationally, CBS Records was interested in re-issuing both the 1982 Oink 45 re-recording, and the 1982 Oink LP. Soon after, Epic Records acquired the rights to both, from Elmo and Patsy. The Epic #04703 45 opted to replace the Oink 45's B-side, "Christmas", with a track from the LP, ("Percy, the Puny Poinsettia"). Epic's 1984 re-release of the 1982 Oink LP was a straight re-issue, on Epic #39931. By the end of 1984, it was reported that sales of "Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer" were, by record label: Oink: 50,000 45s sold; Soundwaves: 175,000 45s sold; Epic: 150,000 45s sold and 90,000 LPs sold. The Epic Records version charted at #64 on the country charts in 1998 and #48 in 1999.

text: The original version was released in the United Kingdom on Stiff Records (BUY 99) in 1980. It did not chart.

text: Other releases by the original artist(s) would follow:

text:
Following the Shropshires' divorce, Elmo re-recorded it solo in 1992 and again in 2000.
SonyBMG released Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer by Dr. Elmo in 2002.
Madacy Records released a Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer gift tin (CD/DVD/Xmas stocking) by Dr. Elmo in 2007.
Time Life Records released Dr. Elmo's Bluegrass Christmas in 2010, which featured a bluegrass instrumental of "Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer."

text: A sequel, "Grandpa's Gonna Sue the Pants Off of Santa", was released by Elmo Shropshire on his album, Dr. Elmo's Twisted Christmas (1992). Grandpa gets lawyers to fight Santa in court.

text: Covers[edit]

text: The song has been recorded by other acts.

text:
The first wide release of the song was in Canada in 1982 by The Irish Rovers, released on the album, It Was a Night Like This. Their signature version, produced by Jack Richardson, rose to #20 on the RPM charts within a week of its release.[1] The single became a seasonal hit, first on country stations, then on Top 40 stations, and today remains a 'seasonal holiday anthem'.[2] The song was also released on the Rovers' 1999 album Songs of Christmas.
It has also been covered by Family Force 5 (in the song, the word "beer" was edited out and replaced with root beer), and in 1996 by Poe.
It was also covered by Less Than Jake on their album Goodbye Blue and White.
A rock cover version is on the album We Wish You a Metal Xmas and a Headbanging New Year.
Country a cappella band Home Free covered it on their 2014 Christmas album Full of Cheer.
Reel Big Fish covered the song on their 2014 EP Happy Skalidays.
Ray Stevens covered "Grandma" on Clyde Records, 2016.
Composer Brooks also has a version on the 2014 self-released Randy Brooks' Greatest Hit.
Danish comedy band Linie 3 released a cover version of the song in 1984, with a slight change to the original lyrics and in Danish.

text: Parodies[edit]

text: Z100 Portland Morning Zoo made a New Kids on the Block-bashing parody of the song for Christmas 1989, entitled "New Kids Got Run Over by a Reindeer".

text: A parody "Grandpa Got Run Over by a Beer Truck" was released by Da Yoopers in 1993. Radio personality Bob Rivers recorded his own topical parody titled "Osama Got Run Over by a Reindeer" on the 2002 White Trash Christmas album.

text: Cledus T. Judd in 1996 released a parody called "Grandpa Got Run Over by a John Deere" as a sequel to "Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer" and as well did a cover of the song in 2002.

text: Stan Boreson sings a Norwegian-American version, "Lena Got Run Over by a Reindeer" on his Christmas album, Stan Boreson Fractures Christmas.

text: Others include "Grandma Got Molested at the Airport" by Donny Aldridge, also sung by Dick Mango; and "Grandma Got Dismembered by a Chainsaw".

text: Popularity[edit]

text: Edison Media Research and Pinnacle Media Worldwide independently survey radio listeners on which Christmas songs they like and dislike. In both surveys, results of which were reported in 2007, the only song that reached the top of both liked and disliked lists was "Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer."[3] Its "loved" ratings in the Edison and Pinnacle polls were relatively high—47 and 32 percent, respectively—but so were the "hate" or "dislike" ratings—17 and 22 percent.

text: A major Washington, D.C. radio station, WASH (97.1 FM), dropped the song from its playlist. "It was too polarizing," says Bill Hess, program director. "It wasn't strong, except with a few people, and it had a lot of negatives."[3] The song also gained notoriety at Davenport, Iowa radio station WLLR in 1985 when a disc jockey played the song 27 times back-to-back during the morning show before station management was able to stop him. The disc jockey, who was suspended, was reportedly depressed and upset that a co-worker had left employment at the station to work out-of-state.[4]

text: Shropshire claims it is "a beloved holiday favorite." The video of the song was "a holiday staple on MTV for many seasons." It has been "incorporated into talking toys and a musical greeting card." "My royalties are four or five times what they were" 20 years ago, claims Elmo, who performs the song with his bluegrass group year-round. "A lot of younger people say it's not really Christmas until they hear it."[3]

text: Television[edit]

text: The 2000 animated television program Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer portrays the events depicted in the song, though made for children; the cartoon is toned down a bit, so that Grandma survives. Moreover, Santa is actually innocent of the crime, which was instead masterminded by scheming relative Cousin Mel, who is mentioned briefly in the song but made into a gold-digging villainness in the special. Elmo Shropshire narrates the special and voices Grandpa. The special is a staple of Cartoon Network's holiday programming and airs every holiday season on The CW (The special originally aired on the WB Network every holiday season until the 2006 merge with UPN to form The CW, where it continues to air today).

text: In the 2015 episode of the tv show Scorpion, titled, 'Dam Breakthrough', three of the main characters sing part of this song, while inhaling helium.

text: Music video[edit]

text: The promotional music video for Elmo & Patsy's "Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer" was released in the mid-1980s, and aired on MTV for at least 18 years. The video could also be seen on VH1, CMT, TNN, GAC, and VH1 Classic during the holiday season, as well as being on Spike's official website and YouTube. Elmo Shropshire played Grandpa and Grandma while Patsy played Cousin Mel.

text: While the family matriarch was run over by Santa Claus's reindeer, she has survived the accident (unlike in the song) and thus reappears toward the end of the video, alive and very much well, but somewhat fazed by the trampling. While being escorted inside the house by two policemen, she finally speaks the cautionary last line of the last verse as though commenting on Santa's driving: "They should NEVER give a license/To a man who drives a sleigh and plays with elves".

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Chart (1984)
Peak
position

US Hot Country Singles (Billboard)[5]
92

Chart (1992)
Peak
position

US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard)[6]
12

Chart (1997–1998)
Peak
position

US Hot Country Singles & Tracks (Billboard)[5]
64

US Billboard Hot 100[6]
87

Chart (1999–2000)
Peak
position

US Hot Country Singles & Tracks (Billboard)[5]
48

tag: table


document_title: List of Christmas hit singles in the United Kingdom

question_text: christmas song that has to do with the alphabet

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The following is an incomplete list of Christmas songs (hit singles and tracks) recorded by well known and obscure artists, which have hits on the official singles chart in the United Kingdom. A year indicates the first year of release for that artist's recorded version of the single or track, which may not necessarily be the first year the artist's version charted on The Official UK Charts According to the archive of the Official UK Charts Company. In being regarded as a Christmas hit the song either makes direct mention of Christmas or the winter season or the nativity, is a recognised Christmas Hymn or Carol or has gone on to feature in Christmas compilation albums. It does not refer to a song that specifically charted at Christmas but does not fall into any of the above categories.

text:
Title
Artist
Year
Additional Information

"21st Century Christmas"
Cliff Richard
2006
Peaked at No. 2 on the 2006 December charts.

"All I Want For Christmas Is A Beatle"
Dora Bryan
1963
Peaked at No. 20 in the 1963 Christmas chart

"All I Want for Christmas Is You"
Mariah Carey
1994
Written by Walter Afanasieff and Mariah Carey. Peaked at No. 2 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1994. Charted again on the Official Singles Chart in December 2007 (peaking at No. 4), in November 2008 (peaking at No. 12), in December 2009 (peaking at No. 18), in December 2010 (peaking at No. 22) and in December 2011 (peaking at No. 11). In December 2013 the song passed the one million sales mark in the UK. The band My Chemical Romance also recorded a version of the song.

"All Alone on Christmas"
Darlene Love
1992
From the movie Home Alone 2: Lost in New York. Peaked at No. 31 in the 1992 Christmas Official Singles Chart.

"All Join Hands"
Slade
1984
Peaked at No. 15 on the Official Singles Chart in November 1984. Also peaked at No. 9 on the Irish Singles Chart and No. 19 on the Swedish singles chart in 1984.

"Amazing Grace"
Judy Collins
1970
Christian Hymn written in 1779, which peaked at No. 5 in the 1970 Official Singles Chart.

"At This Time of Year"
Craig Phillips
2000
Big Brother winner's Christmas charity single for Down's Syndrome Association. Peaked at No. 14 on the Official Singles Chart after being in the Top 40 for three weeks. Phillips also appeared in the videos for Bo Selecta's Proper Crimbo (2003), and Ricky Tomlinson's Christmas My Arse (2006).

"Ave Maria"
Lesley Garrett & Amanda Thompson
1993
Peaked at No. 16 on the 1993 Christmas Official Singles Chart.

"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Tom Jones & Cerys Matthews
1999
Peaked at No. 17 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1999. Written in 1944 by Frank Loesser and featured in the 1949 film Neptune's Daughter starring Esther Williams. No specific Christmas content but associated with Christmas.

"Baby's First Christmas"
Connie Francis
1961
Peaked at No. 30 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Best Christmas of Them All"
Shakin' Stevens
1990
Peaked at No. 19 on the Official Singles Chart. From the album Merry Christmas Everyone.

"Bionic Santa"
Chris Hill
1976
Peaked at No. 10 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Blue Christmas"
Elvis Presley
1964
Peaked at No. 11 in the 1964 Christmas Chart

"Boots"
The Killers
2010
Peaked at No. 53 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Christmas Alphabet"
Dickie Valentine
1955
A Christmas No. 1 single on the Official Singles Chart in 1955. Covered in the US by The McGuire Sisters.

"Christmas and You"
Dave King
1956
Peaked at No. 23 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1956.[1]

"Christmas Baby Please Come Home"
Michael Bublé
2011
Peaked at No. 47 on the Official Singles Chart in December 2011.[1]

"Christmas Countdown"
Frank Kelly
1982
Peaked at No. 26 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1983[1] but first released in Ireland a year earlier.

"Christmas in Blobbyland"
Mr Blobby
1995
Peaked at No. 36 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1995.[1]

"Christmas in Dreadland"
Judge Dread
1975
Peaked at No. 14 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1975.[1]

"Christmas in Hollis"
Run–D.M.C.
1987
Peaked at No. 56 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1987.[1]

"Christmas in Smurfland"
Father Abraham & The Smurfs
1978
Peaked at No. 19 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1978.[1]

"Christmas Is All Around"
Billy Mack
2003
Recorded for the film Love Actually. Peaked at No. 23 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Christmas Island"
Dickie Valentine
1956
Peaked at No. 8 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1956.[1]

"A Christmas Kiss"
Daniel O'Donnell
1999

"Christmas Lights"
Coldplay
2010
Digital download track which peaked at No. 13 on the Official Singles Chart for the week of 12 December 2010.

"Christmas Medley"
Weekend
1985
Peaked at No. 47 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1985.[1]

"Christmas My Arse"
Ricky Tomlinson
2006
Video features Craig Phillips, first winner of TV's Big Brother series in the UK.

"Christmas on 45"
Holly and The Ivys
1981
Peaked at No. 40 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1981.[1]

"Christmas Rappin'"
Kurtis Blow
1979
Peaked at No. 30 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1979.[1]

"Christmas Rapping"
Dizzy Heights
1982
Peaked at No. 49 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1982.[1]

"Christmas Song"
Gilbert O'Sullivan
1974
Peaked at No. 12 on the Official Singles Chart in 1974.

Christmas Song {Chestnuts Roasting on an Open Fire}"
Alexander O'Neill
1988
Peaked at No. 30 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1988.[1]

"Christmas Spectre"
Jingle Belles
1983
Peaked at No. 37 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1983.[1]

"Christmas Through Your Eyes"
Gloria Estefan
1992
Released as a double A side with "Miami Hit Mix". Peaked at No. 8 on the Official Singles Chart.[1]

"Christmas Time (Don't Let the Bells End)"
The Darkness
2003
Peaked at No. 2 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Christmas Time"
Bryan Adams
1985
Peaked at No. 55 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1985.[1]

"Christmas Will Be Just Another Lonely Day"
Brenda Lee
1964
Peaked at No. 25 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1964.[1]

"Christmas Wrapping"
The Waitresses
1981
Peaked on No. 45 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1982. First appeared on the 1981 various artists holiday compilation album A Christmas Record (Ze Records). Covered in 1998 by the Spice Girls and released as a B-side on their single "Goodbye".

"Coldcut's Christmas Break"
Coldcut
1989

"Cruise Into Christmas Medley"
Jane McDonald
1998
Medley of "White Christmas", "Winter Wonderland" and "Sata Claus Is Coming To Town".

"December Brings Me Back to You"
Andy Abraham featuring Michael Underwood
2006
The GMTV Christmas single for host Michael Underwood, written and sung with X Factor star Andy Abraham. Charted at No. 18 on the Official Singles Chart.

"December Will Be Magic Again"
Kate Bush
1979
Not released until the Christmas season of 1980. The single peaked at No. 29 on the Official Singles Chart.

"December Song (I Dreamed of Christmas)"
George Michael
2009
Peaked at No. 14 on the Official Singles Chart

"Ding Dong, Ding Dong"
George Harrison
1974
This record – written by Harrison as a celebration of the New Year – peaked at No. 38 on the Official Singles Chart, thereby becoming the first single by a former member of The Beatles not to make the UK Top 30.

"Dominick the Donkey"
Lou Monte
1960
Peaked at No. 3 on the Official Singles Chart in 2011 as part of a campaign by Chris Moyles

"Do They Know It's Christmas?"
Band Aid
1984
A benefit recording by an all-star group to assist famine relief in Ethiopia; organized by Bob Geldof of the Irish rock band The Boomtown Rats. Written by Geldof and Midge Ure of the British rock band Ultravox. A Christmas No. 1 single on the Official Singles Chart in 1984, and re-recorded on three other separate occasions: Band Aid II in 1989, Band Aid 20 in 2004 and Band Aid 30 in 2014.

"Don't Shoot Me Santa"
The Killers
2007
Peaked at No. 34 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Driving Home for Christmas"
Chris Rea
1988
Peaked at No. 53 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1988 as an EP. The song re-charted on the Official Singles Chart in December 2007 (peaking at No. 33), in December 2008 (peaking at No. 53), in December 2009 (peaking at No. 40), in January 2011 (peaking at No. 67) and in December 2011 (peaking at No. 27).

"Fairytale of New York"
The Pogues featuring Kirsty MacColl
1987
Written by Jem Finer and Shane MacGowan. Peaked at No. 2 the Official Singles Chart in December 1987, and beaten to No. 1 by the Pet Shop Boys' "Always on My Mind". Also peaked at No. 1 on the Irish singles chart (where it continues to be the most popular Christmas song).

"Father Christmas Do Not Touch Me"
The Goodies
1974
Peaked at No. 7 on the Official Singles Chart. Part of a double A-side.

"Fifty Grand for Christmas"
Paul Holt
2004

"Footprints in the Snow"
Johnny Duncan & The Bluegrass Boys
1957
Peaked at No. 27 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Gaudete"
Steeleye Span
1972
First charted on the Official Singles Chart in December 1973, peaking at No. 14.

"Gift of Christmas, The"
Childliners
1995
Peaked at No. 9 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Give U One 4 Christmas"
Hot Pantz
2005
Peaked at No. 64 on the Official Singles Chart.[2]

"Hallelujah"
Alexandra Burke
2008
This version and a Jeff Buckley version occupied the top two spots on the 2008 Christmas Day chart.

"Happy Xmas (War Is Over)"
John and Yoko and The Plastic Ono Band with the Harlem Community Choir
1971
Written by John Lennon and Yoko Ono. Originally charted on the Official Singles Chart in December 1972, peaking at No. 4. Reached a new peak of No. 2 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1980 after the death of Lennon. Later covered by Melissa Etheridge in 1994, The Polyphonic Spree, Celine Dion in 1997, The Idols, The Alarm, Neil Diamond, the Street Drum Corps ft. Bert McCracken of The Used, and most recently by Sarah McLachlan in 2006.

"Have a Cheeky Christmas"
Cheeky Girls
2003
Peaked at No. 10 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Hey Mr. Christmas"
Showaddywaddy
1974
Peaked at No. 13 in the Christmas 1974 Official Singles Chart.

"Hokey Cokey"
The Snowmen
1981
Peaked at No. 18 on the 1981 Christmas Official Singles Chart. Black Lace's version peaked at No. 31 in 1985.

"I Believe in Christmas"
The Tweenies
2001
Peaked at No. 9 on the Official Singles Chart.

"I Believe in Father Christmas"
Greg Lake
1975
Written by Greg Lake and Peter Sinfield. Peaked at No. 2 on the Official Singles Chart (behind Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody") in December 1975. Charted again in December 1982 (peaking at No. 72) and again in December 1983 (peaking at No. 65).

"I Got You Babe"
Bo' Selecta
2004
Second Christmas single released by Bo' Selecta, featuring Davina McCall and Patsy Kensit

"I Have Forgiven Jesus"
Morrissey
2004
Peaked at No. 10 on the 2004 UK December chart.

"I Love Christmas"
Fast Food Rockers
2003
Peaked at No. 25 on the Official Singles Chart.

"I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus"
Jimmy Boyd
1952
Peaked at No. 6 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1953. The Jimmy Boyd version was one of three versions to chart in 1953; the others were recorded by the Beverley Sisters and Billy Cotton.

"I Want an Alien For Christmas"
Fountains of Wayne
1997
Peaked at No. 36 on the Official Singles Chart.

"I Was Born on Christmas Day"
Saint Etienne co-starring Tim Burgess
1993
Peaked at No. 37 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1993.

"I Wish It Could Be a Wombling Merry Christmas Everyday"
The Wombles with Roy Wood
2000
A newly recorded combination of "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday" and "Wombling Merry Christmas".

"I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday"
Wizzard
1973
Featuring backing vocals by the Suedettes, plus the Stockland Green Bilateral School First Year Choir, with additional noises by Miss. Snob and Class 3C. Re-recorded by the writer, Wizzard frontman Roy Wood, with his Roy Wood Big Band as a live single in 1995. Later covered by the A*Teens, Girls Aloud and Wilson Phillips (whose version peaked at No. 14 on the Billboard Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks chart in December 2010).

"If Every Day Was Like Christmas"
Elvis Presley
1966
Peaked at No. 13 in the 1966 Christmas Chart

"I'm Walking Backwards For Christmas"
The Goons
1956
Peaked at No. 4 in 1956

"In Dulci Jubilo"
Mike Oldfield
1975
Peaked at No. 4 on the Official Singles Chart in early 1976. Also known as "Good Christmas Men, Rejoice" and "In Sweetest Jubilee".

"Is This Christmas?"
The Wombats
2008

"It Doesn't Often Snow at Christmas"
Pet Shop Boys
1997
Peaked at No. 40 on the Official Singles Chart in December 2009.

"It Won't Seem Like Christmas Without You"
Elvis Presley
1968
The first posthumous UK top 40 hit to feature the word Christmas when peaking at No. 13 in the 1979 Official Singles Chart.

"It's Beginning to Look a Lot Like Christmas"
Perry Como
1951
First charted on the Official Singles Chart in 2007, but peaked at No. 47 in 2008.

"It's Christmas Time"
Status Quo
2008

"It's Gonna Be A Cold Cold Christmas"
Dana
1975
Peaked at No. 4 on the Official Singles Chart in 1975.

"It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year"
Andy Williams
1963
Peaked at No. 21 on the 2007 Christmas charts.

"It Must Be Santa"
Joan Regan
1961
Peaked at No. 42 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Jingle Bell Rock"
Max Bygraves
1959
Peaked at No. 7 in the 1959 Christmas Chart; however, the many American versions that did not chart in the UK are now more widely known from frequent use on television and in films.

"Jingle Bells"
Basshunter
2006
Peaked at No. 34 on the 2008 Christmas chart.

"Keeping The Dream Alive"
Freiheit
1988
A UK hit single at Christmas 1988, peaking at number 14; originally recorded in the German language a year earlier. Although it has no Christmas-themed lyrics, the song's distinctly Christmassy feel, coupled with the time of year when it was originally released, gradually led it to be regarded as a Christmas hit and has resulted in its being featured on several UK Christmas compilation albums such as Christmas Top 100.[3]

"Last Christmas"
Wham!
1984
Written by George Michael. Peaked at No. 2 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1984. Re-released in 1985. Rumoured to have been written for Easter, but later changed to Christmas to boost sales. It was covered by Alien Voices featuring The Three Degrees in 1988 (which reached No. 54), the cast of the television series "The Only Way is Essex" (which peaked at No. 33 in 2011), and Crazy Frog (which peaked at No. 16 in 2006).[1] A version by Whigfield reached No. 21 in 1995.

"Let It Snow, Let It Snow, Let It Snow"
Dean Martin
1959
Peaked at No. 70 on the Official Singles Chart in 2011. Originally released on Martin's 1959 album A Winter Romance.

"Let's Party"
Jive Bunny & the Mastermixers
1989
A medley of three Christmas hits: "Merry Xmas Everybody" by Slade, "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday" by Wizzard and finally "Another Rock and Roll Christmas" by Gary Glitter. The song was remixed again in 2004, replacing Gary Glitter with Mariah Carey singing "All I Want for Christmas Is You". This mix is only available to DJs.

"Lick a Smurp for Christmas"
Father Abraphart & The Smurps
1978
A Jonathan King spoof of the Smurfs. Peaked at No. 58 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Little Donkey"
Beverley Sisters
1959
Peaked at No. 14, Gracie Fields' version peaked at No. 21 the same year, but the song topped the sheet music charts. Dutch duo Nina & Frederik had more success with the song in 1960, peaking at No. 3.

"Little Town"
Cliff Richard
1982
A contemporary reworking of the Victorian carol O Little Town of Bethlehem, peaked at No. 11 on the 1982 Christmas Official Singles Chart.

"Little Drummer Boy"
Pipes & Drums & Military Band of The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards
1972
Peaked at No. 13 in the 1972 Official Singles Chart. A second version by Terry Wogan & Aled Jones peaked at No. 3 on the 2008 Christmas chart.

"Lonely Pup (In a Christmas Shop)"
Adam Faith with the Children
1960
Peaked at No. 4 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1960.

"Lonely This Christmas"
Mud
1974
A Christmas No. 1 single on the Official Singles Chart in 1974.

"Make a Daft Noise for Christmas"
The Goodies
1975
Peaked at No. 20 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Mary's Boy Child"
Harry Belafonte
1957
Written by Jester Hairston. Spent seven weeks at No. 1 on the Official Singles Chart at the end of 1957. The reissue one year later reached the Top 10. Also a Top 40 hit for Nina & Frederik in 1959.

"Mary's Boy Child - Oh My Lord"
Boney M.
1978
A disco medley. The previous entry combined with a new song written by Frank Farian and Fred Jay. The UK Christmas No. 1 of 1978.

"The Meaning of Christmas"
Boris Gardiner
1986
Peaked at No. 69 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Merry Christmas Darling"
The Carpenters
1970
Peaked at No. 45 in the 1972 Christmas Official Singles Chart. Was re-released as a double A side in 1990 and this time peaked at No. 25.

"Merry Christmas Everyone"
Shakin' Stevens
1985
Produced by Dave Edmunds. A Christmas No. 1 single on the Official Singles Chart in 1985.

"Merry Gentle Pops"
The Barron Knights
1965
Novelty hit, which peaked at No. 9 in the 1965 Christmas chart.

"A Merry Jingle"
The Greedies
1979
Charity single recorded by members of Thin Lizzy and Sex Pistols. It peaked at No. 28 that year on the Official Singles Chart.

"Merry Xmas Everybody"
Slade
1973
Written by Noddy Holder and Jim Lea. A Christmas No. 1 single on the Official Singles Chart in 1973. Covered by Dexys Midnight Runners in 1982, Steps, Noel Gallagher, and then Tony Christie in 2005. Has also been reissued by Slade on several occasions, most recently in 2006.

"The Millennium Prayer"
Cliff Richard
1999
Topped the Official Singles Chart in December 1999.

"Mistletoe"
Justin Bieber
2011
Peaked at No. 21 on the Official Singles Chart in 2011.

"Mistletoe and Wine"
Cliff Richard
1988
A Christmas No. 1 single on the Official Singles Chart in 1988.

"Mr. Hankey, the Christmas Poo"
Mr. Hankey
1999
Peaked at No. 4 on the Official Singles Chart in 1999.

"Must Be Santa"
Tommy Steele
1960
Peaked at No. 40 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Naughty Christmas (Goblin in the Office)"
Fat Les
1998

"New Year"
Sugababes
2000

"Never Mind the Presents"
Barron Knights
1980
Novelty hit parody of various hits of the year. Peaked at No. 17 on the 1980 Official Singles Chart.

"Once Upon a Christmas Song"
Geraldine
2008
Entered and peaked at No. 5 on the 2008 Christmas chart.

"Once Upon a Long Ago"
Paul McCartney
1987
As with a previous Christmas McCartney hit, Pipes of Peace, the song itself makes no mention of Christmas but was released for the Christmas market with a strongly Christmas themed video, peaking at No. 10 in the 1987 Christmas chart.[4]

"One More Sleep"
Leona Lewis
2013
Peaked at No. 3 on the Official Singles Chart in December 2013.

"One Nine For Santa"
Fogwell Flax & The Ankle Biters from Frehold Junior School
1981
Peaked at No. 68 on the Official Singles Chart in 1981.

"Peace on Earth/Little Drummer Boy"
David Bowie and Bing Crosby
1982
Peaked at No. 3 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1982. Recorded on 11 September 1977 for Crosby's UK holiday television special, Bing Crosby's Merrie Olde Christmas. The song wasn't released as a commercial single until 1982, and a video clip of their duet from the TV special became an MTV staple for the remainder of the 1980s.

"Pipes of Peace"
Paul McCartney
1983
Released for the 1983 Christmas market, but only topped the Official Singles Chart in January 1984. The song did not actually make any reference to Christmas but its accompanying video depicted the 1914 Christmas Day truce between British and German soldiers on the Western front.

"Please Come Home For Christmas"
Bon Jovi
1994
Peaked at No. 7 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1994. An earlier version of the song, by The Eagles, peaked at No. 30 on the Official Singles Chart in 1978.[1]

"The Perfect Year"
Dina Carroll
1993
From the Andrew Lloyd Webber musical Sunset Boulevard. Also recorded by Glenn Close and Alan Campbell on the 2001 album Andrew Lloyd Webber: Gold.

"The Power Of Love"
Frankie Goes to Hollywood
1984
Peaked at No. 1 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1984. Contains no reference to Christmas but was promoted with a nativity-themed video and charted again as a reissue at Christmas in 1993 and 2012. A cover version by Gabrielle Aplin, recorded for John Lewis' Christmas TV advertising campaign, reached No. 1 in December 2012.

"Pretty Paper"
Roy Orbison
1964
Peaked at No. 6 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1964.

"Proper Crimbo"
Bo' Selecta!
2003
The promotional music video features guest appearances from various celebrities including Edith Bowman, Chris Moyles, Bob Geldof, Mel B, Christine Hamilton, Craig Phillips and Jimmy Carr.

"Remembering Christmas"
Exeter Bramdean Boys' Choir
1993
Peaked at No. 46 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Renta Santa"
Chris Hill
1975
Peaked at No. 10 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree"
Brenda Lee
1958
Peaked at No. 3 on the Official Singles Chart in 1965. Was covered by Mel Smith and Kim Wilde under the name Mel & Kim in 1987, matching the chart position of the original.

"Rockin' Good Christmas"
Roy 'Chubby' Brown
1996
Peaked at No. 51 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Same Old Lang Syne"
Dan Fogelberg
1980
Despite reaching the Top 10 of the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 singles chart in February 1981, the song didn't chart on the Official Singles Chart in the UK until 2008, peaking at No. 92.

"Santa Baby"
Kylie Minogue
2007
Originally recorded in 2000 as part of the Top of the Pops Christmas Special was released a b-side to her single "Please Stay" which peaked at No.10. Reached No. 76 on the 2007 chart due to digital downloads. Re-Entered the Christmas charts in 2011, 2012 and 2015. Repeaked at No.72 on the Christmas charts in 2016. It became Minogue's 50th UK Top 40 hit when it reached No.38 on the during the Christmas week chart in 2017.

"Santa, Bring My Baby Back to Me"
Elvis Presley
1957
Peaked at No. 7 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Santa Claus Is Back in Town"
Elvis Presley
1957
Peaked at No. 41 on the Official Singles Chart in 1980.

"Santa Claus is Comin' to Town"
Bruce Springsteen
1985
Peaked at No. 9 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1985. Charted again the Official Singles Chart for one week in December 2007 (peaking at No. 60). Versions of the song recorded by other artists that charted on the Official Singles Chart include The Jackson 5 (peaked at No. 43 in December 1972), The Carpenters (peaked at No. 37 in December 1975), and Björn Again (peaked at No. 55 in December 1992).

"Santa Claus Is on the Dole"
Spitting Image
1986
With "1st Atheist Tabernacle Choir" on the B-side.

"Santa Tell Me"
Ariana Grande
2014
Initially peaked at 68 in 2014. It re-entered the charts at 90 in 2016. In 2017, it reached a new peak of 29 and became the fifth most streamed Christmas song in the world on Spotify in the same year.[5]

"Santa's Coming for Us"
Sia
2017
Peaked at No.39 on the Christmas chart in 2017

"Santa's List"
Cliff Richard
2003
Peaked at No.5

"Santo Natale"
David Whitfield
1954
Literally translates to Merry Christmas and was a double A with "O Come All Ye Faithful". Was kept off the 1954 Christmas number one spot by Winifred Atwell's Let's Have Another Party.

"Saviour's Day"
Cliff Richard
1990
A Christmas No. 1 single on the Official Singles Chart in 1990.

"Silent Night"
Bing Crosby
1952
Peaked at No. 8 in the first ever UK Christmas chart of 1952 under the title Silent Night – Holy Night. Bros Peaked at No. 2 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1988 with their version on a double A-sided single ("Cat Among the Pigeons" was on the flip).

"Silver Bells"
Sir Terry Wogan & Aled Jones
2009
Peaked at No. 29 on the Christmas Day chart in 2009.

"Singalong-A-Santa"
Santa Claus & The Christmas Trees
1982
Peaked at No. 19 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Singalong-A-Santa Again"
Santa Claus & The Christmas Trees
1983
Peaked at No. 39 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Snowbound For Christmas"
Dickie Valentine
1957
Peaked at No. 28 in the 1957 Christmas Chart.

"Snow Coach"
Russ Conway
1959
Peaked at No. 7 on the Official Singles Chart.

"Snowbird"
Anne Murray
1969
Canadian Christmas Chart Topper, which Peaked at No. 23 on the 1970 Official Singles Chart.

"A Spaceman Came Travelling"
Chris de Burgh
1975
Originally released on Chris de Burgh's second studio album, Spanish Train and Other Stories (1975). Became a Top 40 pop hit single on the Official Singles Chart in December 1986 following the success of de Burgh's UK No. 1 pop hit, "The Lady in Red".

"Stay Another Day"
East 17
1994
Topped the Official Singles Chart in December 1994. It has no Christmas-themed lyrics, although it has a Christmas themed video as well as an alternative video that has no Christmas theme.

"Step Into Christmas"
Elton John
1973
The B-side of the 1973 single contained another holiday tune by Elton titled "Ho Ho Ho (Who'd Be a Turkey at Christmas)". The British indie-rock band The Wedding Present recorded a cover of "Step Into Christmas" that appeared on the 1991 various artists holiday compilation A Lump of Coal.

"Stop the Cavalry"
Jona Lewie
1980
Peaked at No. 3 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1980.

"Thank God It's Christmas"
Queen
1984
Peaked at No. 21 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1984.

"This One's for the Children"
New Kids on the Block
1990
Peaked at No. 9 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1990.

"2000 Miles"
Pretenders
1983
Peaked at No. 15 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1983.

"Under the Tree"
The Water Babies
2005

"Underneath the Tree"
Kelly Clarkson
2013
Peaked at No. 30 on the Official Singles Chart in December 2013.

"The Very First Christmas of All"
Ruby Murray
1955
Peaked at No. 9

"Virgin Mary"
Lonnie Donegan
1960
Peaked at No. 27

"Walking in the Air"
Peter Auty and the Sinfonia of London
1982
From the 1982 film adaptation of The Snowman. Reached its highest chart position in 1987. Later recorded by Aled Jones in 1985 (peaking at No. 5), and Nightwish in 1999.

"Warm This Winter"
Gabriella Cilmi
2008
Cover of the 1962 Connie Francis song originally titled I'm Gonna Be Warm This Winter. Top 30 hit on the 2008 Christmas chart.

"What Are We Gonna Get 'Er Indoors" (Interpolating "In The Bleak Mid-Winter")
George Cole and Dennis Waterman
1983
A one-off single, a spin-off from the popular British TV series Minder, it was based musically on a piece by Gustav Holst, who for copyright reasons was given a joint co-composing credit on the label alongside the two performers. Peaked at No. 21 on the Official Singles Chart.

"When a Child Is Born"
Johnny Mathis
1976
Based on the instrumental "Soleado" by Italian composer Ciro Dammicco. English lyrics by Fred Jay. A Christmas No. 1 single on the Official Singles Chart in 1976.

"White Christmas"
Mantovani
1952
Peaked at No. 6 in the first ever UK Christmas chart in 1952. A Pat Boone version peaked at No. 29 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1957. Max Bygraves' version reached No. 71 in 1989. Bing Crosby's version did not chart until 1977, but it had originally been released before the UK singles chart began, and was eventually the most successful version, peaking at No. 5.[1]

"A Winter's Tale"
David Essex
1982
Peaked at No. 2 on the Official Singles Chart in January 1983.

"A Winter's Tale"
Queen
1995
Debuted and peaked at No. 6 on the Official Singles Chart during Christmas week in December 1995.

"Winter Wonderland"
Johnny Mathis
1958
Peaked at No. 17 on the Official Singles Chart but has been recorded by over 200 different artists.

"Winter World of Love"
Engelbert Humperdinck
1969
Peaked at No. 7 in the 1969 Christmas Chart

"Wombling Merry Christmas"
The Wombles
1974
Peaked at No. 2 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1974.

"Wonderful Christmastime"
Paul McCartney
1979
Peaked at No. 6 on the Official Singles Chart in December 1979. Backed with the B-side "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reggae" (an instrumental cover of "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer").

"Your Christmas Wish"
The Smurfs
1996
Peaked at No. 8 on the 1996 Christmas Official Singles Chart.

"X-M@$"
Corey Taylor
2009
A UK top thirty hit in 2009