document_title: State of Origin series

question_text: when was the last time blues won origin

question_tokens: when was the last time blues won origin

text: State of Origin series

text: Teams[edit]

text: Since the 1908 establishment of rugby league in Australia, the sport's two major states, New South Wales and Queensland, have played representative matches against each other which have continued into the "state of origin" era which began in the 1980s. The two states' teams are frequently referred to as the Blues and Maroons, reflecting the respective colours of their jerseys. These were the colours of the Australia national rugby league team's jersey until the adoption of the green and gold. The Blues team is administered by the New South Wales Rugby League and the Maroons by the Queensland Rugby League. The New South Wales team are sometimes referred to by the nickname "Cockroaches" and the Queensland team as "Cane Toads", due to a marketing campaign used in the 1980s where the respective teams were caricatured as such.

text: Whilst other Australian states also have representative rugby league teams, they have not competed in State of Origin.

text: History[edit]

text: Interstate Rugby League prior to 1980[edit]

text: The first calls for a state of origin selection policy in interstate rugby football came before the schism between the union and league codes eventuated in Australia. In 1900 a journalist known as 'The Cynic' wrote in The Referee that star rugby player and recent immigrant to Queensland, Stephen Spragg, should be able to play for his home state of New South Wales.[1]

text: Since the beginning of Australian rugby league in 1908, an interstate competition between New South Wales and Queensland has been conducted from time to time. Until 1982 each team drew its players from the clubs based in that state. No consideration was given to the origins of the players themselves.[2]

text: The first of these interstate games was played at Sydney's Agricultural Ground on 11 July 1908, before Queensland had even commenced its club competition. New South Wales easily accounted for Queensland in a 43–0 victory. The local media were unimpressed.

text: The interstate series was dominated by New South Wales, apart from a golden period for Queensland in the 1920s. From 1922 to 1925 Queensland defeated New South Wales 11 times in 12 matches. At the end of the 1925 season a Kangaroo team was to be picked for touring Great Britain. Instead of announcing an Australian team dominated by Queenslanders, the Australian Rugby League Board of Control informed the media that the Rugby Football League had decided that the Kiwis would provide stronger opposition, and that there would be no Australian tour.[4] The period spanning 1922 to 1929 saw no Australian team play in Great Britain, the only such hiatus outside the two World Wars.[5]

text: The New South Wales dominance of interstate football increased after 1956 when gaming machines were legalised for all registered clubs in New South Wales. This provided New South Wales football clubs with a revenue source unmatched by Queensland clubs. From this time on an increasing number of Queensland players moved to the much stronger Sydney competition, becoming ineligible for Queensland state selection. Paul Hogan famously told a Queensland Rugby League gathering in 1977 that "every time Queensland produces a good footballer, he finishes up being processed through a New South Wales poker machine."[6]

text: Prior to 1956, NSW had won 75% and Qld only 25% of series played. From 1956–1981, NSW dominance soared even higher and Qld wins dwindled to only 3.8% with only 1 series win, in 1959.

text: Conception of State of Origin football[edit]

text: By the 1970s the prestige of interstate matches had been seriously downgraded. Matches were played mid-week, so as not to interfere with the Sydney club competition, and the small crowds in New South Wales were hosted at suburban grounds.[12] Interstate football reached its nadir in 1977 when the New South Wales Rugby Football League (NSWRFL) declined to host the Queensland team, and both interstate games were played in Queensland.[7]

text: Former Queensland captain and Australian vice-captain Jack Reardon, who had later become a journalist, was the first to suggest that Sydney-based Queenslanders should be available for selection to represent their state.[13]

text: Brisbane Courier-Mail reporter Hugh Lunn, Barry Maranta (the future co-founder of the Brisbane Broncos) [8] and Maranta's business partner Wayne Reid played a part in persuading QRL chairman Ron McAullife that the concept could be used in rugby league.[9] Lunn told McAullife that "you can take the Queenslander out of Queensland, Ron, but you can't take the Queensland out of the Queenslander."[10] McAuliffe was initially sceptical. "What if we recall our boys from Sydney to play, and we are beaten. Where would we go from there?" Reid spoke to NSWRFL president Kevin Humphreys and suggested that a one-off state of origin match could be used as a Test Match selection trial. [11]

text: New South Wales clubs were reticent in their support of the concept and set two conditions:

text:
If the third game was to decide the series it was not to act as a selection trial, and also,
that the expatriate Queenslanders would be under the supervision of a representative of the NSWRFL whose duty it would be to protect the interests of both the NSWRFL and the clubs to which they were contracted. (From 1980 this role was filled by Bob Abbott, a Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks official.)

tag: ul

text: Three Sydney clubs remained opposed to the plan: St. George Dragons, South Sydney Rabbitohs and Eastern Suburbs Roosters. As these clubs were refusing to release players, Humphreys threatened to make the game an official Australian Rugby League trial, which would make release mandatory. The clubs backed down.[12]

text: Experimentation[edit]

text: After Queensland lost the first two interstate matches in 1980 (35–3 and 17–7, the second game in front of only 1,638 Sydneysiders) it was announced that a 'state of origin' match would take place on 8 July at Lang Park in Brisbane. The New South Wales media gave both the event, and Queensland's chance of winning it, little credence, calling the game a "three day wonder". Australia's 1978 captain Bob Fulton called the match "the non-event of the century". Ron MacAullife however, was now committed to the concept and vigorously promoted the match. Thousands of tickets were sold before the game had been officially sanctioned. Although interstate matches in Brisbane had still been well attended (24,653 had attended the opening match of the 1979 series), few expected the sell-out crowd of 33,210 Queensland rugby league fans, delighted to see their heroes in the likes of Arthur Beetson representing their home state for the first time ever. Queensland convincingly beat New South Wales 20–10.[13]

text: I was strongly against such a match, but last night's gripping clash showed that such a fixture would be a welcome addition to the League program.[14]

text: In 1981 the first two interstate matches were again played under the old selection rules. As New South Wales won the first two matches in the series, state of origin selection rules were used once more in the third match. Although New South Wales ran out to an early 15–0 lead in the game, Queensland rallied to win 22–15.

text: Adoption[edit]

text: The interest generated by the experimental state of origin matches of 1980 and 1981 and the potential for financial rewards were enough to convince the authorities to play all three games under state of origin rules the following year.[14]

text: The State of Origin format is the only possible way to allow the interstate series to survive.

text: Despite the Maroons' success so far in the State of Origin experiments, the New South Wales media dismissed the seriousness of the Queensland threat to the Blues' long-held dominance in series wins. Queensland however, under the leadership of immortal captain Wally Lewis, was inspired by this, and for the first three State of Origin series Queensland won 2 matches to 1.

text: However, in 1985, under the leadership of captain Steve Mortimer, New South Wales won the deciding match in front of 29,068 spectators at the Sydney Cricket Ground, claiming the series for the first time. The following year the Blues were able to go one better and complete the first state of origin whitewash, taking the series 3–0.[15]

text: Refereeing[edit]

text: Barry Gomersall, from Sarina, Queensland (1945–2007) was notorious for his refereeing of nine State of Origin matches between 1982 and 1988. Queensland rugby league team won seven of those matches, leading to accusations of bias and match-fixing. Gomersall himself did little to disassociate himself from those claims, famously referring to the only two matches under his control won by New South Wales rugby league team; "Surely anyone's entitled to two bad games". Queenslanders, on the other hand, were generally of the view that Sydney referees were no more to be relied on to give unbiased rulings in the games they controlled.[16]

text: 1987: American controversy[edit]

text: After Queensland had won the 1987 series 2–1, a fourth game was played at Long Beach, California to showcase rugby league to the American public.[16]

text: In Origin: Rugby League's Greatest Contest 1980–2002 (2003) Queensland writer Jack Gallaway tells a story:

text: In 1987 the Australian Rugby League (ARL), New South Wales Rugby League and Queensland Rugby League agreed that the match would only count towards the players' individual statistics. On 15 July 2003 the Australian Rugby League (whose primary members are originally from the New South Wales Rugby League) announced that the fourth 1987 game was to be classified as an official match, and that a win in the state of origin match on 16 July 2003 would take New South Wales into the overall lead.

text: ARL and NSWRL chief executive Geoff Carr said: "There had been some debate over whether the Origin fixture . . . in 1987 was counted as an official match but a search of ARL records has confirmed the status conferred on that clash by the game's governing body at the time. In announcing the match in Big League in April 1987, Ken Arthurson, the ARL's chief executive in 1987, was quoted as saying 'It's an exciting experiment but the match isn't and won't be billed as an exhibition match'."

text: After the controversy of the match played in the United States, the Queensland halves pairing of Allan Langer and Wally Lewis led the Maroons in their 3–0 series wins in both 1988 and 1989. The rise of the Canberra Raiders in the then Winfield Cup club competition produced for the Blues the formidable halves combination of Ricky Stuart and Laurie Daley who brought New South Wales back from defeat with two wins in the opening games of the 1990 series. It was evident that as the rivalry between the two states grew, the Origin matches had become much more physical forward orientated game than the open running play seen in earlier series.[18]

text: As the great Queensland players from the 1980s began to retire from the game, the Maroons struggled with a team of fresh faces and considerable inexperience. The 1992, 1993 and 1994 series all went to NSW as the talent and experience of Blues players such as Brett Mullins, Daley and Stuart in the backs and Benny Elias and Bradley Clyde in the forwards gave the Blues the edge when the games were on the line. It wasn't until the upheaval of the Super League war in 1995 that the Maroons were able to again clinch a series.

text: A main cause for concern for Queensland was the fact that the Brisbane Broncos, its players and many other Queenslanders were not aligned with the ARL prohibiting any players signed with the Super League to play for the Maroons. Despite this the Queenslanders won the 1995 series 3–0 in a shocking white-wash. The 1996 series saw the off-field contract dramas put aside as all players were allowed, regardless of contract, state of origin selection. Having the majority of the Queenslanders back didn't help the Maroons though as the Blues 1996 white-wash with a 3–0 series win of their own.

text: The Australian game divided in 1997 into two competitions, one run by the ARL and one by the News Limited-owned Super League, and an interstate series was played in each. Under the Super League banner there was a Tri-Origin series with a New Zealand side added to the competition. The ARL meanwhile stuck to its traditional format. The teams were selected using origin rules, and New South Wales and Queensland met twice. These matches do not count towards the official state of origin record. As with the premiership, players were spread between two representative tournaments as well.

text: The competitions merged again in 1998 as the current National Rugby League, and the series that year proved to be enthralling as both sides won a game each away from home, setting up a decider at the Sydney Football Stadium where 39,000 fans witnessed the visiting Queenslanders take the series 2–1. The end of the decade saw a dramatic series with each side taking one game each and game three ending in a draw. Queensland were awarded the series as at the time the previous winners retained the interstate honours.

text: The early to mid-2000s saw New South Wales starting to assert its traditional interstate dominance, causing some commentators [who?] to question State of Origin' future. However, this imbalance tipped in the third and deciding game of the 2006 State of Origin series, which is seen as the starting point of Queensland's unprecedented dynasty. The 2008 series was won by Queensland making it three series in a row. New South Wales won Game 1 on 21 May 2008, however Queensland won Game 2 on 11 June 2008, and also Game 3 on 2 July 2008. Queensland followed this up by winning the first two games of the 2009 series becoming the first state to win four series in a row.

text: Queensland won its historic, record breaking, fifth consecutive Origin series with a 23–18 win in the third and final match of the State of Origin, 2010. This was the first Queensland team to win all three consecutive State of Origin Games in 15 years. Queensland full back Billy Slater won man of the match in the third game and was awarded the Wally Lewis Medal as Man of the Series in 2010.

text: The 2010 State of Origin series was also the second televised program in Australia to be shot in 3D 1080i DVB-T as well as being simultaneously broadcast in regular 576i and 1080i DVB-T and PAL.

text: In the first game of the 2011 series Queensland defeated New South Wales 16–12. In the second game of the 2011 series New South Wales defeated Queensland 18–8. Queensland won the series 34–24 in the 2011 decider in what was Queensland captain Darren Lockyer's 36th and final game. Cameron Smith won man of the match in both the first and third game and was awarded the Wally Lewis Medal as Man of the Series.

text: In 2012, then NRL CEO David Gallop introduced the Under-20s State of Origin for Toyota Cup players which saw New South Wales winning. Queensland went on to win an historic 7th series win in 2012, winning the final game by 1 point.

text: In 2013, New South Wales defeated Queensland 14 to 6 in game 1, Queensland defeated New South Wales 26 to 6 in game 2, while in game 3 Queensland defeated New South Wales 12 to 10 to take out the overall Origin title for the eighth consecutive time. The 2013 series set a new State of Origin television ratings record for a whole series since the 2001 introduction of the ratings system.[17]

text: In 2014, New South Wales defeated Queensland 12-8 in the first game of the series, and 6-4 in the second.[18] In the third game Queensland defeated New South Wales 32-8 after scoring the first try of the game in the 37th minute, with Queensland leading 6-2 in the first half. This gave the Blues the first series win in 8 years.

text: In 2015, Queensland defeated New South Wales 11-10 in game 1 played in Sydney, New South Wales defeated Queensland 26-18 in game 2 played in Melbourne, Queensland defeated New South Wales 52-6 in game 3 played in Brisbane, winning the series 2-1.

text: In 2016, Queensland defeated New South Wales 6-4 in game 1 and clinched the series with a 26-16 win in the second match. New South Wales closed off the series with a 18-14 win over Queensland.

text: In 2017, New South Wales won Game 1, 28-4 sparking the New South Wales media to start proclaiming the beginning of the Blues Dynasty. Queensland won Game 2, 18-16 after making changes to the team with the returning Billy Slater and Johnathan Thurston, who kicked the winning goal for Queensland. Thurston injured his shoulder in the 30th minute of the match, essentially disabling it as he played out the whole match. Thurston was later ruled out for the rest of the year after scans revealed his shoulder needed a reconstruction, ending his representative career as he announced 2017 would be his last representative year. In Game 3, New South Wales went in with an unchanged lineup for all three games, the first to do so since 1996. Queensland dominated the Blues, winning 22-6, with Queensland Winger Dane Gagai winning the Wally Lewis Medal for Best Player in the series. It also had Johnathan Thurston raise the Origin Shield with Queensland Captain Cameron Smith, before being chaired off the ground by his teammates, ending Thurston's representative career on a high note.

text: Popularity[edit]

text: In 2013, each individual game in the series drew a higher Australian television audience than any other sporting event.[19] In recent years the series has gained popularity outside of New South Wales and Queensland, with games played in Melbourne drawing record crowds[20] and local television ratings comparable to those of many Victorian AFL matches.[21] Internationally, the series is televised in 91 countries,[22] and is a national obsession in Papua New Guinea, occasionally sparking riots, violence and deaths.[23][24] It also draws a strong following in neighbouring New Zealand.[25]

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text: Within Australia, Nine Network is the main broadcaster for the series, with replays airing on Fox Sports. The series is also broadcast on radio by ABC Grandstand.

text: Setanta Sports broadcasts live matches in Asia. In the United States, Fox Soccer televised all matches live using the Nine feed since 2011, with the coverage moving to Fox Sports 2 when Fox Soccer was discontinued in August 2013.[26][27] Premier Sports broadcasts live coverage of State of Origin in the UK.

text: Another twist on the coverage was Roy and HG's State of Origin commentary on Australian youth radio network Triple J. This broadcast was presented by the characters "Rampaging" Roy Slaven and HG Nelson (played by John Doyle and Greig Pickhaver), who commentated the game with a unique comedic style. Roy and HG's broadcasts began in the late 1980s, and continued until 2008. Roy and HG moved from Triple J to radio network Triple M in 2009, at which point the duo ceased their State of Origin commentary.

text: Selection rules[edit]

text: Under State of Origin rules players were previously selected for the state in which they first played senior (or registered) rugby league.[19] In 2012, the NSWRL, CRL, QRL and ARLC agreed on new criteria in determining Origin eligibility, to encompass other factors, such as place of birth [20]. Players must also be eligible to represent Australia at international level.

text: Controversy[edit]

text: From time to time the selection of players under the State of Origin rules creates controversy. Since 1980, Queensland has completed just the 7 series with a team completely made up of players of a Queensland birth, while for New South Wales the total is only 6.[28] However, place of birth has only been a relevant factor in eligibility since 2012.

text: An issue of contention has been the selection of players such as Peter Sterling, Ken Nagas, James McManus, Israel Folau and Greg Inglis. Folau was born and raised in New South Wales but is eligible to play for Queensland as he played his first senior rugby league match in Queensland. Ken Nagas was born and raised in Queensland but decided to play for New South Wales, Peter Sterling was born in Toowoomba, Queensland and raised in Wagga Wagga, Newcastle & Sydney, all in New South Wales, while McManus was born in Scotland and was raised in the Northern Territory, but was ruled eligible to play for New South Wales in the 2009 series.

text: The selection of Greg Inglis by Queensland was disputed. The Queensland Rugby League selected him based on the fact that either Wavell State High School or Brisbane Norths was Inglis' first senior football, making him eligible for both states per the rules at the time.[29][30][31] However Inglis had previously played for Hunter Sports High School in Newcastle, New South Wales, in the Arrive Alive Cup; considered to be a senior competition. Hunter Sports High coach Steve Dunn said "there was some talk the other day that he was actually brought to Queensland before his 16th birthday but I was coach of the team. He played for us at 16, he's a Blue".[32] The controversy led to the creation of the "That's In Queensland" viral video.

text: Due to the clarification of selection rules the Sims brothers are eligible for different States. Tariq and Ashton are eligible for New South Wales while Korbin Sims is eligible for Queensland.[33] Previously father and son combinations, such as Steve and Mat Rogers have represented different states. This duo was especially notable because Mat was born in New South Wales and played for Queensland while Steve was born in Queensland and played for New South Wales. Steve Rogers played his first senior game of rugby League for the Southport Tigers on Queenslands Gold Coast

text: Foreign born players have also represented each state. New Zealand has had several players, such as Brad Thorn, Ben Te'o, Craig Smith, Willie Mason, Tonie Carroll, James Tamou and Karmichael Hunt play Origin. Tamou's selection by New South Wales in 2012 was controversial as he was born in Palmerston North and played for the Junior Kiwis, lived in New Zealand until he moved to Sydney when he was 13 and was included in the New Zealand Kiwis training squad for the 2011 Four Nations.[34] Both Hunt and Tamou played for Australia before being selected for State of Origin. Other players, such as Sam Kasiano and Jason Taumalolo are also eligible, creating concern in the New Zealand Rugby League.[35] Apart from representing Queensland, Brad Thorn is also a dual rugby international, having played international rugby league for Australia, and international rugby union for the All Blacks.

text: Papua New Guinea-born Adrian Lam and Fijian-born Lote Tuqiri, Akuila Uate and Petero Civoniceva have also played Origin. Benny Elias was born in Lebanon and has played for and captained NSW. Mario Fenech was born in Malta and has played for NSW. The most recent case of a foreign born player being selected was the selection of former Samoan international, Ben Te'o, by Queensland in game three of the 2012 season.[36]

text: A report into eligibility based on a player's birth state showed; "Of the 18 series that QLD has won, it had the greater percentage of non-State [born] players in its side on 14 of those occasions – revealing a 77.8% dependency. Of the 13 series that NSW has won, on five of those occasions it had the higher percentage of non-State [born] players across the series – revealing a 38.5% dependency."[28]

text: Anomalies[edit]

text:
In 1995 and 1997 Super League players were made ineligible for the ARL State of Origin series selection. This included most of Queensland's usual team, who now played for the Super League affiliated Brisbane Broncos. The ARL hence decided to relax the rules in those years, allowing Queensland to select Adrian Lam who had previously played for Papua New Guinea. The 1995 Origin series was the scene of the biggest upset in Origin history when the relatively inexperienced Maroon's swept aside NSW, who even without their Super League players could still boast a number of senior Origin and international players, 3-0.
During the 2000 World Cup a number of Australian players were granted dispensations to appear for other nations under the grandparent rule. The players affected were David Barnhill (NSW), Kevin Campion (Qld), Tonie Carroll (Qld), Graham Mackay (NSW), Willie Mason (NSW), Luke Ricketson (NSW), Lote Tuqiri (Qld) and Adrian Vowles (Qld), [21] [22]

text: Results[edit]

text: Year by year[edit]

text: Of the 36 full series played, Queensland have won 21, New South Wales 13, with 2 series drawn (Queensland retained the Shield on both occasions as the previous year's winner). With the addition of three one-off games that were played in 1980, 1981 and 1987, the total number of games played is 108. Queensland have won 58, New South Wales have won 48, with 2 matches being drawn.[37]

text: The series of 1999 and 2002 are considered drawn series, as both New South Wales and Queensland won a single game of each 3 match series, with the final game concluding in a draw. At that time there was no overtime rule to break the deadlock, and by the same set of rules, Queensland retained the shield as they were the previous holders, but did not win the series. Due to controversy around the second drawn series, and the rule awarding the series champions to Queensland, the rules were subsequently changed to rule out drawn matches and series. Equal points at the close of full-time are now resolved with the golden point method.

text:
State of Origin series

Year
Winner
Wins
Losses
Drawn
Shield Holder

1982
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

1983
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

1984
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

1985
New South Wales
2
1
0
New South Wales

1986
New South Wales
3
0
0
New South Wales

1987
Queensland
2
1[23]
0
Queensland

1988
Queensland
3
0
0
Queensland

1989
Queensland
3
0
0
Queensland

1990
New South Wales
2
1
0
New South Wales

1991
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

1992
New South Wales
2
1
0
New South Wales

1993
New South Wales
2
1
0
New South Wales

1994
New South Wales
2
1
0
New South Wales

1995
Queensland
3
0
0
Queensland

1996
New South Wales
3
0
0
New South Wales

1997
New South Wales
2
1
0
New South Wales

1998
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

1999
Draw
1
1
1
Queensland

2000
New South Wales
3
0
0
New South Wales

2001
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

2002
Draw
1
1
1
Queensland

2003
New South Wales
2
1
0
New South Wales

2004
New South Wales
2
1
0
New South Wales

2005
New South Wales
2
1
0
New South Wales

2006
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

2007
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

2008
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

2009
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

2010
Queensland
3
0
0
Queensland

2011
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

2012
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

2013
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

2014
New South Wales
2
1
0
New South Wales

2015
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

2016
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

2017
Queensland
2
1
0
Queensland

text:
State of Origin non-series matches

Year
Winner
Wins
Losses
Drawn

1980
Queensland
1
0
0

1981
Queensland
1
0
0

1987
New South Wales
1
0
0

text: Wally Lewis Medal[edit]

text: From 1992 to 2003 the Wally Lewis Medal was awarded by the Queensland Rugby League for the Queensland player of the series. Since 2003 it has been awarded to the player of the series, irrespective of state. The following players have been awarded the Wally Lewis Medal for player of the series1. Cameron Smith has won the medal a record four times.

text:
Recipients

Year
Player
State
Position
Club

2004
Craig Fitzgibbon
New South Wales
Lock
Sydney Roosters

2005
Anthony Minichiello
New South Wales
Fullback
Sydney Roosters

2006
Darren Lockyer
Queensland
Five-eighth
Brisbane Broncos

2007
Cameron Smith
Queensland
Hooker
Melbourne Storm

2008
Johnathan Thurston
Queensland
Halfback, Five-eighth
North Queensland Cowboys

2009
Greg Inglis
Queensland
Centre
Melbourne Storm

2010
Billy Slater
Queensland
Fullback
Melbourne Storm

2011
Cameron Smith
Queensland
Hooker
Melbourne Storm

2012
Nate Myles
Queensland
Second-row
Gold Coast Titans

2013
Cameron Smith
Queensland
Hooker
Melbourne Storm

2014
Paul Gallen
New South Wales
Lock, Prop
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks

2015
Corey Parker
Queensland
Lock
Brisbane Broncos

2016
Cameron Smith
Queensland
Hooker
Melbourne Storm

2017
Dane Gagai
Queensland
Wing
Newcastle Knights

text: 1The award was originally a Queensland only award from Lewis' retirement in 1992 until 2003, where the best player of the series could win the award, regardless of their state. The Ron McAuliffe Medal replaced the Wally Lewis Medal as the Queensland exclusive award.

text: Records[edit]

text: Team[edit]

text:
Most points scored in a game: 72, New South Wales 56 - 16 Queensland (Game III, 2000)
Most points scored by a team: 56, New South Wales 56 - 16 Queensland (Game III, 2000)
Largest winning margin: 46, Queensland 52 - 6 New South Wales (Game III, 2015)
Most consecutive games won: 8, Queensland (Game II, 1987 - Game III, 1989)
Most consecutive series won: 8, Queensland (2006–2013)
Most series clean sweeps: 4, Queensland (1988–1989, 1995, 2010)

text: Individual[edit]

text:
Oldest player: 36 years 74 days, Petero Civoniceva (2012) (Queensland)
Youngest player: 18 years and 83 days, Ben Ikin (1995) (Queensland)

text: Playing[edit]

text:
Most games: 42 Cameron Smith (2003–present) (Queensland)
Most consecutive games: 36 Johnathan Thurston (2005–2017) (Queensland)
Most games as captain: 30 Wally Lewis (1981–1991) (Queensland)
Most games won: 24 Cameron Smith (2003–present) (Queensland)
Most series won: 11 Cameron Smith (2006–2013, 2015–present) (Queensland) & Johnathan Thurston (2006–2013, 2015–2017) (Queensland)1
Most points: 224 Johnathan Thurston (2005–2017) (Queensland)
Most tries: 18 Greg Inglis (2006–present) (Queensland)
Most goals: 101 Johnathan Thurston (2005–2017) (Queensland)
Most field goals: 4 Andrew Johns (1995–2005) (New South Wales)
Most points in one game: 32 Ryan Girdler (Game III, 2000) (New South Wales)
Most points in one series: 52 Ryan Girdler (2000) (New South Wales)
Most tries in one game: 3 (Anderson, Boustead, Girdler, Tuqiri, Sing, King, Gagai, Holmes)
Most tries in one series: 5 Ryan Girdler (2000) (New South Wales), Lote Tuqiri (2002) (Queensland)
Most goals in one game: 10 Ryan Girdler (Game III, 2000) (New South Wales)
Most goals in one series: 16 Ryan Girdler (2000) (New South Wales)
Most field goals in one game: 2 Ben Elias (Game III, 1994) (New South Wales)
Most field goals in one series: 2 Ben Elias (1994) (New South Wales), Andrew Johns (2003) (New South Wales)

text: Coaching[edit]

text:
Most games: 30 Mal Meninga (2006–2015) (Queensland)
Most games won: 19 Mal Meninga (2006–2015) (Queensland)
Most series won: 9 Mal Meninga (2006–2015) (Queensland)

text: These records that are about to be shown are mainly about the stadium's and players of the game. All this info can be found at http://afltables.com/rl/soo/records.html.

text:
Basic Records

Venue
Games
NSW
Drw
Qld
NSW pts
QLD pts
Total pts

Lang Park
52
18
1
33
745 (124-127-5)
1011 (170-167-8)
1756 (294-294-13)

S.C.G
6
3
0
3
68 (12-10-1)
76 (14-11-0
144 (26-21-1)

Long Beach
1
1
0
0
30 (5-5-0)
18 (3-3-0)
48 (8-8-0)

S.F.S
14
6
0
8
189 (33-28-1)
199 (34-31-1)
388 (77-59-2)

Olympic
1
1
0
0
12 (2-2-0)
6 (1-1-0)
18 (3-3-0)

M.C.G
4
3
0
1
67 (11-11-1)
52 (9-8-0)
119 (20-19-1)

Stadium Australia
25
16
1
8
471 (81-71-5)
318 (57-44-2)
789 (138-115-7)

QEII
2
0
0
2
32 (5-6-0)
66 (13-7-0)
98 (18-13-0)

Docklands
3
0
0
3
42 (8-5-0)
62 (11-9-0)
104 (19-14-0)

Totals
108
48
2
58
1656 (281-265-13)
1808 (312-281-11)
3464 (593-546-24)

text:
Leading Try Scorers

Try Scorer
State
Games
Tries (Ave.)

Greg Inglis
QLD
30
18 (0.60)

Darius Boyd
QLD
28
17(0.65)

Dale Shearer
QLD
26
12 (0.46)

Billy Slater
QLD
28
12 (0.44)

Michael O'Connor
NSW
19
11 (0.58)

Allan Langer
QLD
34
10 (0.29)

Darren Lockyer
QLD
36
9 (0.25)

Jarryd Hayne
NSW
23
11 (0.45)

Timana Tahu
NSW
12
8 (0.67)

Anthony Minichiello
NSW
11
8 (0.73)

Brad Fittler
NSW
31
8 (0.26)

text:
Leading Point Scores

Point Scorers
State
Games
Tries
Goals
Field Goals
Points (Ave.)

Johnathan Thurston
QLD
37
5
101
2
234 (5.94)

Mal Meninga
QLD
32
6
69
0
161 (5.03)

Michael O'Connor
NSW
19
11
42
1
129 (6.79)

Andrew Johns
NSW
23
4
38
4
96 (4.17)

Darren Lockyer
QLD
36
9
22
2
82 (2.28)

Ryan Girdler
NSW
8
7
27
0
82 (10.25)

Greg Inglis
QLD
30
18
0
0
72 (2.40)

Darius Boyd
QLD
28
17
0
0
68 (2.62)

Dale Shearer
QLD
26
12
9
0
66 (2.54)

Rod Wishart
NSW
22
5
22
0
64 (2.91)

Cameron Smith
QLD
42
5
19
0
52 (1.33)

text:
Venue Stats

Venue
State
Games
Total Attendance
Average

Lang Park
QLD
52
2,049,574
39,414

S.C.G
NSW
6
192,773
32,128

Long Beach
Neutral
1
12,439
12,439

S.F.S
NSW
14
521,836
37,274

Olympic
Neutral
1
25,800
25,800

M.C.G
Neutral
4
256,773
64,193

Stadium_Australia
NSW
25
1,862,616
74,504

QEII
QLD
2
97,430
48,715

Docklands
Neutral
3
161,821
53,940

text:
Appearance Stats

Players
State
Games
Years

Cameron Smith
QLD
42
2003-2017

Darren Lockyer
QLD
36
1998-2011

Johnathan Thurston
QLD
37
2005-2017

Allan Langer
QLD
34
1987-2002

Petero Civoniceva
QLD
33
2001-2012

Mal Meninga
QLD
32
1980-1994

Wally Lewis
QLD
31
1980-1991

Nate Myles
QLD
32
2006-2017

Brad Fittler
NSW
31
1990-2004

Greg Inglis
QLD
30
2006-2016

Steven Price
QLD
28
1998-2009

text:
Leading Goal Kickers

Players
State
Games
Goals/Attempts (%)

Jamie Soward
NSW
3
9/11 (81.82%)

Mat Rogers
QLD
5
12/15 (80.00%)

James Maloney
NSW
9
15/18 (80.00%)

Jamie Lyon
NSW
10
8/10 (80.00%)

Johnathan Thurston
QLD
36
96/121 (79.34%)

Trent Hodkinson
NSW
6
12/16 (75.00%)

Tim Brasher
NSW
21
9/12 (75.00%)

Craig Fitzgibbon
NSW
11
20/27 (74.07%)

Darren Lockyer
QLD
36
22/30 (73.33%)

Ryan Girdler
NSW
8
27/37 (72.97%)

Cameron Smith
QLD
39
16/22 (72.73%)

text:
Most Points Scored In A Games

Players
State
Tries
Goals
Field Goals
Points
Game

Ryan Girdler
NSW
3
10
0
32
Game 3, 2000

Lote Tuqiri
QLD
3
3
0
18
Game 2, 2002

Johnathan Thurston
QLD
0
9
0
18
Game 3, 2015

Michael O'Connor
NSW
2
5
0
18
Game 1, 1985

Mal Meninga
QLD
2
4
0
16
Game 1, 1989

Darren Lockyer
QLD
2
4
0
16
Game 3, 2001

Dale Shearer
QLD
2
4
0
16
Game 3, 1989

Mal Meninga
QLD
0
7
0
14
Game 1, 1980

Darren Lockyer
QLD
1
5
0
14
Game 1, 2001

Johnathan Thurston
QLD
0
7
0
14
Game 2, 2008

Michael O'Connor
NSW
1
5
0
14
Game 4,1987

text:
Series List

Year
Winners
Games
Crowd Average

1982
Queensland
3
22,334

1983
Queensland
3
25,705

1984
Queensland
3
26,426

1985
New South Wales
3
30,301

1986
New South Wales
3
31,623

1987
Queensland
3
36,020

1988
Queensland
3
25,056

1989
Queensland
3
35,452

1990
New South Wales
3
32,817

1991
Queensland
3
35,715

1992
New South Wales
3
37,806

1993
New South Wales
3
35,465

1994
New South Wales
3
56,340

1995
Queensland
3
44,122

text: Under 20s[edit]

text: The Under 20s State of Origin has only had six seasons so far(2012 to 2017)[38] with only one game a year, instead of three. New South Wales has won all of them. They play for the Darren Lockyer Shield.

text:
Year
Winner
Wins
Losses
Drawn

2012
New South Wales
1
0
0

2013
New South Wales
1
0
0

2014
New South Wales
1
0
0

2015
New South Wales
1
0
0

2016
New South Wales
1
0
0

2017
New South Wales
1
0
0

text: Women's State of Origin[edit]

text: The Women's State of Origin is the Women's rugby league version of the game, and has been running since 1999. The players play for the Nellie Doherty Cup. Furthermore, the current record for series won in the competition rests with Queensland, who won every series from 1999-2014, a better straight record than their male counterparts.

text:
Year
Winner
Wins
Losses
Drawn

1999
Queensland
1
0
0

2000
Queensland
1
0
0

2001
Queensland
1
0
0

2002
Queensland
1
0
0

2003
Queensland
1
0
0

2004
Queensland
1
0
0

2005
Queensland
1
0
0

2006
Queensland
1
0
0

2007
Queensland
1
0
0

2008
Queensland
1
0
0

2009
Queensland
1
0
0

2010
Queensland
1
0
0

2011
Queensland
1
0
0

2012
Queensland
1
0
0

2013
Queensland
1
0
0

2014
Queensland
1
0
0

2015
Draw
0
0
1

2016
New South Wales
1
0
0

2017
New South Wales
1
0
0

text: All-Team Records[edit]

text: Points

text: Queensland: 1808 Points

text: New South Wales: 1656 Points


document_title: Atrium (architecture)

question_text: what feature occupied the center of a roman domus

root

text: Atrium (architecture)

text: Ancient atria[edit]

text: In a domus, a large house in Ancient Roman architecture, the atrium was the open central court with enclosed rooms on all sides. In the middle of the atrium was the impluvium, a shallow pool sunken into the floor to catch rainwater from the roof. Some surviving examples are beautifully decorated. The opening in the ceiling above the pool (compluvium) called for some means of support for the roof, and it is here where one differentiates between five different styles of atrium.[clarification needed] As the centrepiece of the house, the atrium was the most lavishly-furnished room. Also, it contained the little chapel to the ancestral spirits (lararium), the household safe (arca) and sometimes a bust of the master of the house.

tag: p

text: The term was also used for a variety of spaces in public and religious buildings, mostly forms of arcaded courtyards, larger versions of the domestic spaces. Byzantine churches were often entered through such a space (as are many mosques, though the term atrium is not usually used to describe Islamic architecture).

text: 19th century: Glazed atrium[edit]

text: The 19th century brought the industrial revolution with great advances in iron and glass manufacturing techniques. Courtyards could then have horizontal glazing overhead, eliminating some of the weather elements from the space and giving birth to the modern atrium.

text:
Victoria Hall in Halifax Town Hall, 1863

Atrium at the center of the Bradbury Building in Los Angeles

text: Modern-day atria[edit]

text: One of the main public spaces at Federation Square, in Melbourne, Australia, is called The Atrium and is a street-like space, five stories high with glazed walls and roof. The structure and glazing pattern follow the system of fractals used to arrange the panels on the rest of the facades at Federation Square.

text: In Nashville, Tennessee, U.S., the Opryland Hotel hosts 4 different large atria, spanning 9 acres (36,000 m2) of glass ceiling in total, in the hotel above the gardens of: Delta, Cascades, Garden-Conservatories, and Magnolia.

text: As of 2016, the Burj Al Arab hotel in Dubai, has the world's tallest atrium at 180 metres (590 ft). The Luxor Hotel, in Las Vegas, Nevada, has the largest atrium in the world (by volume) at 29 million cubic feet (820,000 m3).

text: Image examples[edit]

text:
Roman atrium of the building of the baths in the Roman villa of "Els Munts", close to Tarraco

The atrium of 1 Bligh Street, a Sydney office tower, looking upwards

Looking up inside the 32-story atrium of the Shanghai Grand Hyatt, part of the Jin Mao Building

Atrium of the New York State Theater at Lincoln Center

The Tucson High School Galleria and reflexive library (pictured) feature a modern atrium tetrastylum with four support columns and open roof

The Grand Piazza atrium inside the SuperStar Virgo

Four floor atrium of Gould Hall, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, at the University of Washington

The Grand Doubletree hotel/condo in Downtown Miami 42 story atrium

Atrium of Complexe Desjardins, Montreal

Atrium of Kurayoshi Park Square in Kurayoshi, Japan

Multi-floor atrium with three see-through octagonal elevator shafts in Water Tower Place in Chicago

Interior of Wilson Hall at Fermi Lab in Illinois

Main atrium of Piarco International Airport

Atrium of a Myer store in Melbourne, looking from the top floor to the ground floor


document_title: Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai

question_text: ajay devgan name in once upon a time

question_tokens: ajay devgan name in once upon a time

text: Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai

text: Plot[edit]

text: The film opens with a suicide attempt by Additional Commissioner of Police (ACP) Agnel Wilson (Randeep Hooda) on the pretext of the Bombay Bombings in 1993. When questioned by his superior over his actions, he breaks down and claims that the recent tragic events are his own fault. Wilson recounts that 18 years ago, when he was posted as the ACP in the Mumbai crime branch, his inability to take the necessary action led to the rise of Shoaib Khan (Emraan Hashmi) a dreaded gangster, who played a central role in the bombings. Throughout the film, Wilson narrates the story of 1970s Bombay, when it was ruled by a kind hearted smuggler Sultan Mirza (Ajay Devgn), and how Mirza's eventual downfall led to Shoaib's rise to power.

text: After being hit by a flood in his hometown in Madras, a young Mirza arrives in Mumbai, where he lands a job as a coal shoveller. In spite of his meager earnings, the boy never fails to help the poor and needy, which soon gains their respect and admiration. Mirza is given the nickname of "Sultan."

text: As a grown man, Sultan Mirza becomes the kingpin of Mumbai's smuggling underworld. Through his influence, Mirza peacefully divides the city among four gangsters, thus thwarting police efforts to curb illegal activities. Despite being a criminal, Sultan Mirza is portrayed as a man of principle with a heart of gold and a godfather-like figure to the people. He even refrains from smuggling contraband, as it is against his Muslim faith.

text: Mirza has a crush on Bollywood actress Rehana (Kangana Ranaut) and eventually the two begin dating. Sultan invests black money in her upcoming films. ACP Wilson moves to stop Rehana's films funded by Sultan. Later, Sultan and Rehana frame Wilson to make it look as if Wilson is accepting a bribe, which damages his credibility.

text: Meanwhile, Shoaib is even in childhood a very ambitious person with a dark and daring character. He is frequently involved in petty theft. His father, Hussain Khan (Asif Basra), who is a sub-inspector with the Bombay Police, tries in vain to guide and control his son, his anger against Shoaib began years ago when Shoaib and his best friend Javed were stealing money and got caught red handed by a man, by teaching his son a lesson, Khan slaps him 5 times. Khan locks Shoaib in jail but Shoaib angers him as both Shoaib and Wilson make a deal saying that Shoaib wants to follow another path. Worried, the father turns to Sultan for help. Sultan agrees and helps the young man set up an electronics shop. But Shoaib is unsatisfied, as his only real ambition is to become rich and powerful, like Sultan Mirza who is his idol.

text: Shoaib's beautiful girlfriend, Mumtaz (Prachi Desai), works in a local jewellery shop, which Shoaib visits often, to the aggravation of the girl's boss. Shoaib gives her a beautiful necklace, which, unbeknownst to Mumtaz, Shoaib had stolen from a lady during a home robbery. Later, that lady comes to the shop with her husband to buy more jewellery. The lady soon recognises her own necklace being worn by Mumtaz; she then admits to the outraged customer that her boyfriend had given the item to her. The lady and her husband demand she take them to her boyfriend's shop, where they confront him. This enrages Shoaib, who beats up the husband and destroys his own shop.

text: Shoaib goes to Sultan and asks to be a part of his crime ring. Seeing his potential, Sultan agrees to take him under his wing. Shoaib learns the tricks of the trade and soon becomes Sultan's trusted aide. ACP Wilson hatches a plan to use Shoaib's reckless ambition for quick money and power as a way to cause the downfall of Sultan. Wilson even refrains from killing Sultan and Shoaib when he has the opportunity. Wilson's plan backfires, however. Finally, when Shoaib becomes invincible, Wilson blames himself for the subsequent catastrophe as he now cannot stop Shaoibs rise to power.

text: Sultan decides to hand over his power to Shoaib, and opts to enter state politics. He travels to Delhi to meet the Home Minister of India. Shoaib's unscrupulous ambitions lead him to carry out trades and acts which Sultan himself would strongly condemn and abhors. Shoaib starts manufacturing illicit liquor, accepts contract killings, invests in drug peddling and runs extortion rackets. When Sultan returns to Bombay, he learns of Shoaib's misdeeds and is outraged. He finds Shoaib at a party and slaps him in public for his unethical activities and states he can never really be like Sultan. This infuriates Shoaib and he plots revenge as he now knows that Sultan and he cannot possibly rule Mumbai together due to Mirza's strong principals and moral ethos. The next day, as Sultan campaigns for his new party, Shoaib appears and assassinates Sultan Mirza whilst he is addressing the people at the rally as a horrified Wilson looks on, thus ending the reign of the smuggler who was loved by his people.

text: In his narration, Wilson laments that he and the police are responsible for the bombings because of their lack of forethought, Wilson also says that Shoaib now rules Mumbai despite living abroad and the people are now forever at his mercy – as Mumbai's new underworld kingpin – he has since established a global smuggling empire. No government or force can reach him now.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ajay Devgn as Sultan Mirza, character based on Haji Mastan
Emraan Hashmi as Shoaib Khan, character based on Dawood Ibrahim
Kangana Ranaut as Rehana Shergill
Prachi Desai as Mumtaz
Randeep Hooda as ACP Agnel Wilson
Gauhar Khan Special appearance in song "Parda"
Naved Aslam as Patrick, Sultan's henchman
Asif Basra as Inspector Hussain Khan (Shoaib's father), character based on Head-constable Ibrahim Kaskar
Sumit Kaul as Chhota Rajan
Avtar Gill as Jeet Kumar Rathi, Home Minister
Hemant Choudhary as Vijay, actor
Sushil Pandey as Iqbal
Ravi Khanvilkar as Vardhan
Mehul Bhojak as Javed
Imran Hashnee as Harish, gun supplier
Chandrakant Taneja as Pathan
Sanjeev Wilson as Chandru
Anjum Sharma as Khichdi
Allauddin Khan as Allauddin
Rajeev Yadav as Yakub Atha
Dheerendra Dwivedi as Gattu
Asif Hussain as Vishnu
Vikas Shrivastava as Verghese
Pankaj Sharma as Inspector Sohail
Dinkar Gawande as Home Minister's PA
Gyan Prakash as Commissioner Pant
Prithvi Zutshi as IG Aditya Mandke
Tarang Nehra as young Javed
Rakesh Biduwa as supervisor
Payal Nair as Shikha
Pradip Sagar as Raman
Namit Dahiya as young Shoaib Khan
Herbie F. Crasto as young Sultan Mirza
Sanjay Roy as film Magazine Editor
Sanjay Kulkarni as Inspector Murali
Dhanlaxmi as Jewellery Shop Lady
Prashant Barot as Jewellery Shop Manager
Resham Arora as film Director
Madhuri Bedekar as Shakuntala
Raaj Gopal Iyer as Singhania
Kamal Adeep as Daga Seth
Tareeq as Sultan's Driver
Anand Alkunte as Inspector Chavan
Krishna Choudhary as Inspector Sathe

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was made on a budget of ₹38 crore (₹ 28 crore for production and ₹ 10 crore for publicity and advertising).[2][10]

text: Inspiration for the film[edit]

text: The film depicts the growth of the Mumbai underworld, from crime and smuggling in its early stages to its connection with international terrorism in recent times. It is believed to be based on the lives of real-life gangsters Haji Mastan and Dawood Ibrahim, portrayed by the characters Sultan and Shoaib, respectively.[11][12] Originally Sanjay Dutt was chosen to play the role of Haji Mastan[13] but the role went to Ajay Devgn instead.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Rajeev Masand of CNN-IBN rated the film 2.5 out of 5 saying, "The film is watchable and enjoyable in parts even, but it doesn't quite pull off the retro chic tone it was going for".[14] IANS rated the movie 3.5 out of 5 saying, "Rajat Arora’s dialogues flow from the storytelling in a smooth flow of poetry and street wisdom."[15] Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama gave it 4/5 and called it "An outstanding Cinematic experience".[16] Nikhat Kazmi of the Times of India gave it 4/5 and stated, "Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai offers you both substance and soul, even as it dabbles with a slice of reality".[17] Rediff gave it 4/5 and said, "Book your tickets now".[18]

text: Box office[edit]

text: India[edit]

text:
OUATIM worldwide Collections breakdown

Territory
Nett Collections (After Entertainment tax)

India
₹580.3 million (US$9.0 million)[3]

Distributor share:
₹296.4 million (US$4.6 million)[3]

Entertainment tax:
₹204.7 million (US$3.2 million)[3]

Overseas
(Outside India)
US$3 million(₹18.86 crore)

US$302,862 (United States)[19]

Worldwide
₹945.0 million (US$15 million)[3]

tag: table

text: Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai managed to have a decent weekend despite starting slowly. The film picked up from Friday evening and managed to have good Saturday and Sunday collections. The approximate breakdowns are 5.50 crore (Friday), 7 crore (Saturday) and 7.75 crore (Sunday) for a 20.25 crore weekend.[20] The film grossed Rs.58.50 crore in India at the end of its ninth week.[3] Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai was declared a "super-hit" by Box Office India.[5]

text: Overseas[edit]

text: In its opening weekend the film showed a day-wise growth in U.K. [Friday £15,755, Saturday £19,381 and Sunday £19,644] and a decent start in U.S. [approx. $1,37,000 at 32 venues].[21] In its second weekend, the film collected £16,249 on 14 screens, with the per screen average working out to £1,161. Total: £1,07,988 at U.K boxoffice.[22] In its third weekend, the film collected £5,909 on 8 screens, with the per screen average working out to £739 (total: £1,22,257 in U.K.)[23] In its fourth weekend in U.K, the film collected £743 on four screens, with the per screen average working out to £186 (total: £1,26,696).[24] In its fifth weekend in the U.K, the film collected £105 on two screens, with the per screen average working out to £53 (total: £1,27,338). In its fifth weekend at the U.S. boxoffice, the film collected $1,131 on two screens, with the per screen average working out to $566 (total: $3,02,862).[19]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The film received many awards at several award functions. Ajay Devgn and Prachi Desai received accolades for their nominations, while other awards were won for the film's music, playback and technical direction.

text: Nominated

text:
Best Actor – Ajay Devgn
Best Supporting Actor – Emraan Hashmi
Best Supporting Actress – Prachi Desai
Best Music Director – Pritam
Best Male PlayBack Singer – Mohit Chauhan for the Song "Pee Loon"

text: Nominated

text:
BIG Star Most Entertaining Film Actor – Male – Ajay Devgn
BIG Star Most Entertaining Director – Milan Luthria
BIG Star Most Entertaining Film – Ekta Kapoor
BIG Star Most Entertaining Song – Pee Loon
BIG Star Most Entertaining Singer (Male) – Mohit Chauhan for Pee Loon
BIG Star Most Entertaining Singer (Female) – Tulsi Kumar for Tum Jo Aaye

text: Star Screen Award for Best Popular Music – Pritam

text:
Stardust Award for Best Thriller – Action Film – Ekta Kapoor
Stardust Award for Best Thriller – Action Actor – Ajay Devgn
Best Actress in an Ensemble Cast – Prachi Desai

text:
Stardust Award for Best Thriller – Action Director – Milan Luthria
Stardust Award for Best Thriller – Action Actress – Kangana Ranaut
Stardust Award for Dream Director – Milan Luthria
Stardust Award for Star of the Year – Male – Ajay Devgn
Best Actor in an Ensemble Cast – Emraan Hashmi

text: Won

text:
Lions Favorite Popular Actor(Male) – Ajay Devgn
Lions Favorite Actor in Supporting Role – Randeep Hooda
Lions Favorite Actress in Supporting Role – Prachi Desai

text:
Apsara Award for Best Screenplay – Rajat Arora
Apsara Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role – Prachi Desai

text:
Apsara Award for Best Film – Balaji Motion Pictures
Apsara Award for Best Actor – Ajay Devgn
Apsara Award for Best Director – Milan Luthria
Apsara Award for Best Dialogue – Rajat Arora
Apsara Award for Best Choreography – Raju Khan for "Parda Parda"
Apsara Award for Best Lyrics – Irshad Kamil for "Pee Loon"
Apsara Award for Best Music – Pritam
Apsara Award for Best Playback Singer (Male) – Mohit Chauhan for "Pee Loon"
Apsara Award for Best Playback Singer (Female) – Tulsi Kumar for "Tum Jo Aaye"
Apsara Award for Best Performance in a Negative Role – Emraan Hashmi
Apsara Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role (Male) – Emraan Hashmi

text:
Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role - Female – Prachi Desai
Zee Cine Award for Best Playback Singer - Male – Mohit Chauhan for "Pee Loon"
Zee Cine Award for Best Dialogue – Rajat Arora

text:
Best Actor – Male – Ajay Devgn
Best Film – Balaji Motion Pictures
Best Director – Milan Luthria
Sa Re Ga Ma Pa Song of the Year – "Pee Loon"
Best Music Director – Pritam
Best Playback Singer – Female – Tulsi Kumar for "Tum Jo Aaye"
Best Lyricist – Irshad Kamil for "Pee Loon" and "Tum Jo Aaye"
Best Supporting Actor – Emraan Hashmi
Best Supporting Actress – Kangana Ranaut and Prachi Desai (won)
Best Story – Rajat Arora
Best Cinematography – Aseem Mishra
Best Editing – Akiv Ali

text:
Best Music Arranger & Programmer – Sandeep Shirodkar for the song "Pee Loon"
Best Lyricist – Irshad Kamil for the song "Pee Loon"
Best PlayBack Singer(Male) – Mohit Chauhan for the song "Pee Loon"
Best Song of The Year – "Pee Loon"
MTV Hot Pick of The Year – "Tum Jo Aaye"

text: Won

text: Best Supporting Actress – Prachi Desai

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai

Soundtrack album by Pritam

Released
28 June 2010

Genre
Soundtrack

Label
T-Series

Pritam chronology

Khatta Meetha
(2010)Khatta Meetha2010
Once Upon A Time in Mumbaai
(2010)
Aashayein
(2010)Aashayein2010

text: The films songs were released on 28 June 2010. There were a total of 14 songs composed by Pritam with lyrics penned by Irshad Kamil, Neelesh Misra and Amitabh Bhattacharya.

text: The film score was composed by Sandeep Shirodkar.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Track
Singers
Duration

01
"Tum Jo Aaye Zindagi Mein"
Rahat Fateh Ali Khan & Tulsi Kumar
4:48

02
"Tum Jo Aaye Zindagi Mein" (Reprise)
Rahat Fateh Ali Khan & Tulsi Kumar
4:45

03
"Pee Loon" (Male) Part 1
Mohit Chauhan
2:36

04
"Pee Loon" (Male) Part 2
Mohit Chauhan
2:36

05
"Pee Loon" (Male) Part 3
Mohit Chauhan
2:36

06
"Pee Loon" (Remix) (Male) Part 1
Mohit Chauhan
2:37

07
"Pee Loon" (Remix) (Male) Part 2
Mohit Chauhan
2:37

08
"Pee Loon" (Remix) (Male) Part 3
Mohit Chauhan
2:37

09
"I Am in Love"
KK & Dominique Cerejo
4:47

10
"I Am in Love" (Dance Mix)
KK & Dominique Cerejo
4:42

11
"Parda"
Sunidhi Chauhan & Rana Mazumder
5:23

12
"Baburao Mast Hai"
Mika Singh
4:49

13
"Pee Loon" (Female)
Tulsi Kumar
2:36

14
"Pee Loon" (Remix) (Female)
Tulsi Kumar
2:37

text: The song "Parda" is a medley containing samples from the following 1970's Bollywood songs; "Duniya Mein Logon Ko" (Apna Desh), "Piya Tu Ab To Aaja" (Caravan).

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Due to the film's commercial and critical success, a sequel was planned. Akshay Kumar and Imran Khan[34] were roped in as the male leads. The sequel, Once Upon Ay Time in Mumbai Dobaara!,[35] features Sonakshi Sinha playing the role of actress Mandakini, whilst Sonali Bendre was also roped in for a role.[36] The film started shooting in August 2012, whilst the film released on 15 August 2013, thus avoids clashing with Rohit Shetty directorial Chennai Express, starring Shah Rukh Khan and Deepika Padukone, which released one week before the release of OUATIMD. The film was a flop at the box office as it had very slow opening with very low occupancy while Chennai Express was breaking various box office records throughout its release.[34]


document_title: Nobody Puts Baby in a Corner

question_text: who says nobody puts baby in a corner

question_tokens: who says nobody puts baby in a corner

text: Nobody Puts Baby in a Corner

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Veronica and Duncan make out before Logan (Jason Dohring), who is now living there, walks in the door. Logan invites Kendall (Charisma Carpenter) into the hotel room, making Duncan and Veronica uncomfortable. In a Future Business Leaders of America meeting, Cassidy (Kyle Gallner) comes out on top of the hypothetical business contest. Keith talks to new mayor Woody Goodman (Steve Guttenberg), who states his plan to redesign Neptune, and Woody offers to make Keith police chief. Logan meets Veronica in the girls bathroom and asks her to investigate the “witness” to the murder of Felix Toombs, and she agrees. Duncan has searched through Meg’s files and finds evidence that she was attempting to help an unknown abused child between 7-10 years old. Meg babysat constantly, and Veronica and Duncan will have to break into Meg’s house for more evidence.

text: The Casablancas talk to a lawyer. Kendall has received nothing, and Dick (Ryan Hansen) and Beaver each have a trust fund. Veronica signs up for a babysitting job with one of the people who Meg babysat for, and Gia (Krysten Ritter) invites Veronica over to school. At the babysitting job, the kid’s parents say that they almost let Meg go because of Duncan. Logan appears at the door of Veronica’s babysitting house. Veronica presents information on Logan’s accuser. The boy, Edwin’s, dad starts acting weirdly towards Veronica and hands her Edwin’s drawing of a head coming off a body.

text: Dick and Beaver’s biological mother appears at their house. Veronica wins the babysitting job from a high-pressure teacher. However, her son is bratty and high-maintenance. Veronica talks to Logan’s witness, Dr. Griffith (Rick Peters), who is a plastic surgeon. Although he seems honest at first, Veronica trails him to a cigar shop. Veronica sees all the signs of emotional abuse when she goes to Gia’s house. Gia “surprises” Veronica with a girl’s night sleepover. Logan ends his friends-with-benefits relationship with Kendall. Kendall tries to seduce Duncan. Veronica meets Gia’s little brother, Rodney, who is extremely anxious. Veronica overhears Woody telling Rodney that he’ll have to tell his mother about him spilling a cup of water on the floor, and the mother leads Rodney to an unknown room. Dick and Beaver, drunk, raid Gia’s sleepover.

text: Veronica learns from Keith (Enrico Colantoni) that the cigar shop she went into is notorious for drug dealing. Logan tells Veronica that Kendall went into Duncan’s room for a little while. Veronica and Duncan break into Meg’s house. Duncan steals a letter without showing Veronica. Veronica figures out that Meg is actually covering for the child abuse of her sister. Veronica finds Grace Manning locked in a closet. However, Meg’s dad (Geoff Pierson) goes in and fakes that Veronica and Duncan were just breaking in for no reason. Sheriff Lamb (Michael Muhney) arrests Veronica and Duncan but soon figures out that Meg’s dad is the guilty one. After briefly driving away with Veronica and Duncan, he soon lets them go and waits menacingly outside of Meg’s father’s house.

text: Cultural references[edit]

text: Many cultural references are made in the episode. They include:[1]

text:
At the beginning of the episode, Veronica and Duncan are watching The Big Lebowski.
Mr. Pope references "What a Diff'rence a Day Made".
Veronica mentions both "Twist and Shout" and a famous scene from Ferris Bueller's Day Off.
One of the teachers quotes the song "The Gambler".
In an email to Wallace, Veronica quotes a famous Juliet monologue.
In a voiceover, Veronica compares her letters to Wallace to Doogie Howser's journal.
Dick and Beaver's biological mother quotes a lyric from "You've Got a Friend".
Gia references "I'm So Excited".
Veronica says that her "Spidey sense is tingling."
Logan quotes part of the iconic line, "Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn", spoken by Rhett Butler in Gone With the Wind.
One of the girls at the party says that Pretty Woman is her favorite movie.
Dick and Beaver expect there to be Spin the bottle at the party.
Veronica jokingly mentions Winnie-the-Pooh and Goodnight Moon.

text: Arc significance[edit]

text:
The newly discovered witness to Felix's murder is Dr. Tom Griffith, a plastic surgeon. Logan asks Veronica to prove that Griffith is lying and says that he wasn't the man on the bridge.
Woody Goodman tells Keith of his plan for Neptune, which involves incorporating the wealthy part of the town.
Dick and Beaver's real mother shows up to unlock their trust funds.
Duncan finds a letter in the vent in Meg's room and pockets it.
Sheriff Lamb hints that he was abused by his own father; this is, presumably, his reason for letting Duncan and Veronica go and then returning to the Manning residence. This also marks one of the few times that he immediately takes Veronica seriously when she reports a crime. When cuffing her, he leans forward, to show that he wants her to whisper something in his ear. She then tells him where to look for the secret room.

text: Music[edit]

text: The following songs are heard in the episode:[2]

text:
"Pon de Replay" by Rihanna
"The Nth Degree" by Morningwood
"Run" by Air

text: Production[edit]

text: The episode was written by Diane Ruggiero and directed by Nick Marck, marking Ruggiero's ninth writing credit for Veronica Mars and Marck's sixth directing credit for the show. [3][4] Despite being credited, Weevil (Francis Capra), Wallace, and Jackie (Tessa Thompson) do not appear in "Nobody Puts Baby in a Corner." Among the episode's guest stars are important recurring characters, including Don Lamb (Michael Muhney), Gia Goodman (Krysten Ritter), Woody Goodman (Steve Guttenberg), and Kendall Casablancas (Charisma Carpenter). Ritter noted that her scene in the episode was one of the favorite scenes she filmed."[5] The episode's title refers to a famous line spoken by the character Johnny (Patrick Swayze) in the 1987 coming-of-age romantic drama Dirty Dancing.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: In its original broadcast, "Nobody Puts Baby in a Corner" received 2.94 million viewers, marking a decrease from "Rat Saw God".[6]

text: Reviews[edit]

text: Rowan Kaiser, writing for The A.V. Club thought that the episode was quirky, especially in the scenes involving Veronica's babysitting. On the episode's tone, he added, "And this is fine. This is great, even. Combined with things like Veronica's vision of Lilly in the season premiere, it makes me think that Veronica Mars is moving in a much more metaphorical direction."[7] Television Without Pity gave the episode a "B".[8]

text: Price Peterson of TV.com gave a glowing review, writing that "Nobody Puts Baby in a Corner" was "[a]nother great episode, with its perfect blend of teenage awfulness (the slumber party), [and] Neptune's seedy underbelly…I mean, what's not to like? But really, the closing sequence in which Lamb arrested and then set free Veronica and Duncan was incredible. One of the more subtle and powerful moments I've seen on any TV show in a while."[9]


document_title: Highest temperature recorded on Earth

question_text: where was the hottest temperature recorded on earth

text: Highest temperature recorded on Earth

text: The standard measuring conditions for temperature are in the air, 1.5 meters above the ground, and shielded from direct sunlight. The highest confirmed temperature on Earth recorded according to these measures was 54 °C (129 °F) recorded in Mitribah, Kuwait, on 21 July 2016.[1]

text: Aside from these confirmed records of 54 °C (129 °F), there are reports that Furnace Creek Ranch, California, located in the Death Valley desert in the United States, might have registered 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) on July 10, 1913 - what some weather experts today refute as a measurement error.[2][3][4]

text: At 41.80 °C (107.24 °F), July 2017 in Furnace Creek, Death Valley, was the hottest single month (average monthly temperature) ever reliably measured anywhere on Earth since records began in 1911.[5]

text: The former highest official temperature on Earth was in fact 57.8 °C (136 °F), registered on 13 September 1922, in ‘Aziziya, Libya, which was nonetheless de-certified by the WMO (World Meteorological Organization) in January 2012 after holding for 90 years the record for the world's highest surface temperature - the temperature is currently considered to have been a recorder's error.[6]

text: Christopher C. Burt, the weather historian writing for Weather Underground who shepherded the Libya reading's 2012 disqualification, believes that also the 1913 Death Valley reading is "a myth", and is at least four or five degrees Fahrenheit too high,[4] as do other weather historians Dr. Arnold Court and William Taylor Reid.[7] Burt proposes that the highest reliably recorded temperature on Earth is still at Death Valley, but is instead 54.0 °C (129.2 °F), recorded both in Death Valley, California on 20 June 2013, and in Mitribah, Kuwait on 21 July 2016.[8][9]

text: Temperatures measured directly on the ground may exceed air temperatures by 30 to 50 °C.[10] A ground temperature of 84 °C (183.2 °F) has been recorded in Port Sudan, Sudan.[11] A ground temperature of 93.9 °C (201 °F) was recorded also in Furnace Creek Ranch on 15 July 1972; this may be the highest natural ground surface temperature ever recorded.[12] The theoretical maximum possible ground surface temperature has been estimated to be between 90 and 100 °C for dry, darkish soils of low thermal conductivity.[13]

text: Temperature measurements via satellite also tend to capture occurrence of higher records but are considered less reliable than ground-positioned thermometers. There is a satellite record of 66.8 °C (152.2 °F) measured in the Flaming Mountains of China in 2008.[14] Other satellite measurements of ground temperature taken between 2003 and 2009, taken with the MODIS infrared spectroradiometer on the Aqua satellite, found a maximum temperature of 70.7 °C (159.3 °F), which was recorded in 2005 in the Lut Desert, Iran. The Lut Desert was also found to have the highest maximum temperature in 5 of the 7 years measured (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2009). These measurements reflect averages over a large region and so are lower than the maximum point surface temperature.[10]


document_title: Hungry Mother State Park

question_text: where did hungry mother state park get its name

text: Hungry Mother State Park

text:
Hungry Mother State Park Historic District

U.S. National Register of Historic Places

U.S. Historic district

Virginia Landmarks Register

A lake in the Park.

Show map of VirginiaShow map of the USShow all
Location of Hungry Mother State Park

Nearest city
Marion, Virginia

Coordinates
36°52′52″N 81°32′05″W / 36.88111°N 81.53472°W / 36.88111; -81.53472Coordinates: 36°52′52″N 81°32′05″W / 36.88111°N 81.53472°W / 36.88111; -81.53472

Area
2,215 acres (896 ha)

Built
1933

Architect
Myers, E.L.; et al.

Architectural style
Late 19th And Early 20th Century American Movements, Modern Movement

NRHP reference #
07000303[1]

VLR #
086-0015

Significant dates

Added to NRHP
April 12, 2007

Designated VLR
June 8, 2006[2]

text: Hungry Mother State Park in southwestern Virginia is noted for its woodlands and lake. Easily accessible from Interstate 81, this park has folklore and history, swimming, camping, cabin rentals, boat rentals, hiking and the park system’s first conference center, Hemlock Haven.

text: Much of the land for Hungry Mother State Park was donated by local landowners to develop a new state park in Smyth County on Hungry Mother Creek. The park is one of the six original CCC parks that opened in June 1936. The park was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.

text: The Legend of Hungry Mother[edit]

text: It has frequently been noted on lists of unusual place names.[3] A legend states[4] that when the Native Americans destroyed several settlements on the New River south of the park, Molly Marley and her small child were among the survivors taken to the raiders’ base north of the park. They eventually escaped, wandering through the wilderness eating berries. Molly finally collapsed, and her child wandered down a creek. Upon finding help, the only words the child could utter were "Hungry Mother." When the search party arrived at the foot of the mountain where Molly had collapsed, they found the child's mother dead. Today, that mountain is Molly’s Knob (3,270 feet), and the stream is Hungry Mother Creek.


document_title: Marcella (TV series)

question_text: how many episodes are there in marcella series 2

text: Marcella (TV series)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Series 1[edit]

text: Marcella Backland (Anna Friel), a former London Metropolitan Police Service  detective, decides to return to work after her husband of 15 years, Jason (Nicholas Pinnock), abruptly announces he is leaving her. Marcella resumes her investigation into the three unsolved Grove Park murders from 2005, when it appears the serial killer responsible has returned. Unbeknownst to Jason, Marcella is experiencing blackout episodes. Marcella worries she herself may be involved when Grace, the woman Jason has been having an affair with, is murdered.

text: Series 2[edit]

text: Marcella investigates a serial killer of children, encountering a paedophile, an arrogant millionaire, a 1970s rock star, and strange symbols relating to witchcraft. Her estranged husband Jason has become engaged to his rehab nurse even though their divorce is not yet finalised, putting their children in the middle of a custody battle that quickly becomes ugly. Marcella's blackouts continue, and she seeks counselling to help her remember what happened during them.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Anna Friel as Detective Sergeant Marcella Backland
Nicholas Pinnock as Jason Backland
Ray Panthaki as Detective Inspector Rav Sangha
Jamie Bamber as Detective Chief Inspector/Detective Inspector Tim Williamson
Jack Doolan as Detective Constable Mark Travis
Nina Sosanya as Detective Chief Inspector Laura Porter (series 1)
Charlie Covell as Detective Constable Alex Dier (series 1)
Sophia Brown as Detective Constable Leanne Hunter (series 2)

text: Recurring[edit]

text: Series 1[edit]

text:
Sinéad Cusack as Sylvie Gibson
Harry Lloyd as Henry Gibson
Laura Carmichael as Maddy Stevenson
Maeve Dermody as Grace Gibson
Patrick Baladi as Stephen Holmes
Stephen Lord as Stuart Callaghan
Ian Puleston-Davies as Peter Cullen
Tobias Santelmann as Yann Hall
Florence Pugh as Cara Thomas
Ben Cura as Matthew Neil
Andrew Lancel as Clive Bonn

text: Series 2[edit]

text:
Keith Allen as Alan Summers
Nigel Planer as Reg Reynolds
Jason Hughes as Vince Whitman
Victoria Smurfit as Maya Whitman
Peter Sullivan as Phil Dawkins
Amy Dawson as Nina Dawkins
Josh Herdman as Eric Davidson
Harriet Cains as Gail Davidson
Victoria Broom as Sascha
Tamzin Malleson as Jojo
Vivienne Gibbs as Dr. Tracey Lewis
Andrew Tiernan as Nigel Stafford

text: Supporting[edit]

text: Series 1[edit]

text:
George Anton as Andrew Barnes
Yasen Atour as Mohammed El-Said
Jasmine Breinburg as Lea Coombes
David Fahm as Greg Brady
Imogen Faires as Emma Backland
Otto Farrant as Evan Jones
Asher Flowers as Edward Backland
Nick Hendrix as Adrian Cooper
Emil Hostina as Bendek Krol
Rob Jarvis as Don Parkin
Shivani Kapur as Beth Bachan
Youssef Kerkour as Hassan El-Said
Isobel Middleton as Victoria Daughton
Toby Wharton as Ronnie Weir
Robert Whitelock as Guy Roberts
Susannah Wise as Linda Callaghan

text: Series 2[edit]

text:
Lucy Speed as Leslie Evans
Michael Wildman as Nathan Priestley
Clara Indrani as Amanda Priestley
Yolanda Kettle as Becky Marani
Asher Flowers as Edward Backland
Imogen Faires as Emma Backland
Aldo Maland as Luke Howell
Oaklee Pendergast as Adam Evans

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Overview[edit]

text: SeriesEpisodesOriginally airedAve. UK viewers(millions)First airedLast aired184 April 201617 May 20167.592819 February 20189 April 20185.12

text: Series 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions)11"Episode 1"Charles MartinHans Rosenfeldt4 April 2016 (2016-04-04)9.18
Former detective Marcella is devastated when her husband of 15 years, Jason, suddenly announces he is leaving her and no longer loves her. She is visited by the detective in charge of an investigation linked to the Grove Park murders, one of Marcella's former unsolved cases. The case involves a serial killer who the police believe has begun to kill again after 11 years. Marcella decides to return to work after several years spent raising their two children, Emma and Edward, who are away at boarding school. Reinstated with her old rank of detective sergeant, Marcella has a very different idea about who should be the main suspect and tells her new superior, to no avail. She discovers her husband, who works as a legal advisor for DTG Construction property developers, is having an affair with Grace Gibson, the CFO of the firm and daughter of the owner, Sylvie Gibson.
22"Episode 2"Charles MartinHans Rosenfeldt11 April 2016 (2016-04-11)8.37
Grace Gibson is reported missing and Marcella vaguely remembers visiting her the previous evening to confront her about Jason. Marcella is warned by her superiors to stop harassing Peter Cullen, her prime suspect, who is in prison for killing his wife in a domestic incident but is allowed out several days a week to work at a bakery under supervision. Marcella believes Peter has a personality disorder and cannot handle rejection. Marcella herself is being secretly treated for a disorder that causes memory blackouts. Webcam girl Cara, who meets people via a cheating app and steals from them, is threatened in her internet chatroom by someone she has stolen from. Marcella is drawn to a wood on Hampstead Heath by memories and discovers Grace's body bound with a plastic bag over her head — fitting the pattern of the Grove Park murders.
33"Episode 3"Charles MartinHans Rosenfeldt18 April 2016 (2016-04-18)7.55
Marcella fails to report the body, which is later revealed to be that of Grace Gibson, now believed to be the fourth victim of the serial killer. Marcella's early hopes of a reconciliation with her husband may be fruitless when she discovers that he had been having an affair for more than three years and Grace was pregnant. Jason loses his job when Sylvie discovers the affair. Marcella's former partner, DCI Laura Porter, allows her to keep working on the case with some restrictions. The police realise Cara, who has been selling the items she steals at a pawn shop, can identify the killer but, as Marcella closes in, Cara is intentionally struck and killed in a hit-and-run. The man supposed to be supervising Peter Cullen during his work release is arrested for breaking and entering, confirming Marcella's suspicion that Cullen had the opportunity to continue killing. Cullen is released on parole and begins stalking criminology student Maddy Stevenson, who has been meeting him for research for her dissertation. Studying CCTV, the police discover that Clive Bonn had been at Hampstead Heath around the time Gibson's body was left there, and also learn that Marcella had been studying CCTV around Grace Gibson's home — prior to her body being found.
44"Episode 4"Jonathan TeplitzkyHans Rosenfeldt and Marston Bloom25 April 2016 (2016-04-25)7.50
Marcella insists she didn't know about Grace's affair with Jason and was merely looking at the CCTV around her home because she was missing. Ordered to check CCTV again, Marcella discovers a taxi parked outside Grace's home the night she was murdered. The taxi driver, Hassan El-Sayed, claims he was trying to sleep and did not see anything; in reality his brother Mohamed, living in the UK illegally on an expired tourist visa, had really been the one driving the cab, and he tells Hassan he remembers a woman taking a heavy item from Grace's home. Marcella fakes her DNA so she cannot be linked to blood from an unknown woman found at Grace's home. Maddy arrives home to find Peter Cullen waiting for her, angered after reading her speculation that he is the Grove Park killer.  After discovering that Maddy's boyfriend, Adrian, was found dead on the river shore, Marcella races to Maddy's home and saves her from Cullen. Circumstantial evidence at the scene makes Marcella realise that while Cullen committed the 2005 murders, the latest killings were done by a copycat.
55"Episode 5"Jonathan TeplitzkyHans Rosenfeldt and Ben Harris2 May 2016 (2016-05-02)7.15
Peter Cullen confesses to the 2005 murders. Feeling civic responsibility, Hassan finds Marcella and tells her he now remembers seeing a woman leaving Grace's flat put something into a black Audi. Marcella, who drives a black Audi, does not report this. After he is found shot through the head, the police discover that it was really his brother, Mo, outside Grace's flat. Marcella discovers evidence that allays her own fears regarding Grace's death: Cara had stolen a necklace belonging to Grace that her killer had taken as a trophy. Jason gets his job back with help of Henry, Grace's half-brother, but a councilor, Andrew Barnes, is dead. Deliveryman Ron Weir returns from a job to find his 6-year-old daughter, May, missing, and neighbour, Beth, murdered by the serial killer.
66"Episode 6"Jonathan TeplitzkyHans Rosenfeldt and Mark Greig9 May 2016 (2016-05-09)7.21
Marcella and her police colleagues desperately search for May, who has been taken by the serial killer, along with her backpack. May's father calls the phone she had in her backpack, which causes the serial killer to panic and dispose of her phone along the way. Marcella and her team find his burnt out car and the drowned girl nearby. Marcella frantically attempts CPR on the young girl, whom she calls Juliet, but is unable to save her; Juliet was the name of Marcella's own baby daughter who died of cot death several years earlier. DNA evidence leads to the arrest of Yann Hall, the boyfriend of Henry Gibson's childhood friend, Matthew. The apparent suicide of Andrew Barnes is being investigated, but the coroner suspects foul play. Jason Backland tries to disconnect himself from any involvement by paying off his private investigator, Stuart, who himself is being blackmailed by his lodger, Polish immigrant Bendek Krol. Mo, the brother of the taxi driver who was murdered, breaks into Marcella's home.
77"Episode 7"Henrik GeorgssonHans Rosenfeldt16 May 2016 (2016-05-16)6.97
When Mo seeks a confession that Marcella killed his brother, she only confesses that she moved Grace's body. The evidence against Yann Hall begins to break down pointing towards his boyfriend, Matthew Neil. Jason Backland comes under suspicion regarding the murder of Andrew Barnes. Stuart and Bendek conspire to blackmail Jason, then Bendek blackmails Stuart. Bendek is found dead in his room, which Stuart staged as accidental death from autoerotic asphyxiation. Henry appears to be mending fences with Sylvie. Matthew Neil appears to have absconded abroad, but he's really being held captive by Henry Gibson. Marcella accepts her marriage is over.
88"Episode 8"Henrik GeorgssonHans Rosenfeldt17 May 2016 (2016-05-17)6.80
Unable to find Matthew Neil, Marcella's attention turns to his best friend Henry Gibson. She tracks his phone to a bar the night Grace was murdered — a bar that was closed and burgled, yet nothing taken, that night. Jason realises Marcella's suspicions and he goes to Henry's home to confront him. Marcella follows on and finds Jason stabbed. Henry tries to attack her and she blacks out; when he wakes up, he is handcuffed with a plastic bag over his face. Marcella barely revives him. When Marcella's colleagues arrive, she is accused by Henry of attacking and trying to kill him, while Henry claims he stabbed Jason in self-defence. Given 12 hours to find evidence against Henry, Marcella realises from the CCTV footage that May bit her kidnapper; a bite mark on Henry's shoulder confirms his guilt. DI Tim Williamson's investigation of Andrew Barnes' murder uncovers the possible involvement of Marcella's husband and previously doctored CCTV footage placing Marcella near Grace's home on the night Grace was murdered.

text: Series 2 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateUK viewers(millions)91"Episode 1"Charles MartinHans Rosenfeldt19 February 2018 (2018-02-19)5.83
The discovery of a schoolboy's body in the wall of a derelict flat has personal repercussions for Marcella, as the victim is identified as Leo Priestley, a close friend of her son, Edward. Leo disappeared in 2014 when the boys were 9, while Edward was supposed to be walking home from school with him. The occupier of the neighbouring flat, aging rocker Reg Reynolds, is questioned about the discovery but denies any involvement. Reg was out of the country on a tour at the time and has since had a stroke, causing aphasia. Marcella suspects that convicted paedophile Phil Dawkins, who was seen ogling the crime scene as police and forensic officers arrived, may be involved. Businessman Vince Whitman gets bad press when his business practises — hiring teenagers for low pay and then changing them to zero-hour contracts when they are older — is exposed. Marcella returns to the flat where Leo was found and is attacked by an unseen individual. Edward, who feels guilty for leaving Leo alone, begins to act strangely, killing his pet mouse. In a blackout, Marcella attacks Becky, Jason's fiancée, whom she mistakes for someone abducting Edward. After her attack on Becky, Marcella finally admits to Jason that she suffers from blackouts. He threatens to keep the children away from her if she doesn't get help. Another schoolboy, Adam Evans, is abducted. Someone is watching Marcella in her home over hidden camera.
102"Episode 2"Charles MartinHans Rosenfeldt26 February 2018 (2018-02-26)5.18
Instead of offering Marcella help with her blackouts, Jason prepares to use her situation as ammunition to get sole custody of the children. The discovery of a second body in the boot of a car involved in a car crash leads the team to suspect there is more to the case than initially meets the eye. The boy, 15, had been working illegally at a brothel, and like Leo, was lobotomised before his death. Phil Dawkins' DNA is found at Reg's flat. DC Mark Travis discovers a possible link to a local car garage, but before Marcella and Rav can retrieve any vital evidence, the garage is burnt to the ground. Mark is stalking Marcella via the webcam on her home computer. Adam is being held captive in a house by an unknown abductor, who surgically implants discs with strange symbols on them into his abdomen — the same type of discs found on Leo and the boy found in the boot.
113"Episode 3"Charles MartinHans Rosenfeldt5 March 2018 (2018-03-05)4.81
Vince invites the press to his factory for a publicity stunt during which he throws £20,000 in cash out to his workers; one young worker, MMA fighter Eric, is sacked after scuffling with another working during the ensuing melee. Eric's sister, single mum Gail, discovers that one of her patients at a care facility, who suffered brain damage in an accident, is able to spell out messages using his fingers. Jason serves Marcella papers which will allow him to take sole custody of the children, whom he plans to move to Singapore for a new job opportunity. He tells her if she doesn't sign the papers, he will tell everyone about her blackouts. He provokes her into a blackout, and when she revives she sees Jason, whom she has presumably attacked, covered in blood and looking at her with disgust. Rav is angered when he suspects Marcella may have leaked Phil Dawkins' home address to the press. When journalists harass them, the stress sends Phil's partner, Nina, into labour three months prematurely, which results in their son being stillborn. A professor identifies the symbols as talismans used to ward off evil in Colonial Massachusetts. Vince's wife, Maya, who runs a charity for at-risk youth, decides she has had enough. She is infatuated with Tim, who is on the board of the charity, and tells him she is leaving Vince. Adam escapes the house after five days in captivity.
124"Episode 4"Charles SturridgeHans Rosenfeldt12 March 2018 (2018-03-12)4.89
Adam is rescued by an older couple in a passing car, which is pushed onto the path of an oncoming train by a blue lorry. The couple is killed but Adam survives. Doctors report that Adam, who is in a coma, was sexually abused, but that the abuse predated his kidnapping. Police discover that a 14-year-old girl, Debbie Canavan, disappeared in 1986 after going backstage at a Swiss Coast concert — Reg Reynolds' band. Marcella visits a psychiatrist for hypnosis and recalls details from her last blackout — and that Jason intentionally injured himself to manipulate her. Phil Dawkins exacts his revenge on Marcella, turning up at her home when she is at the therapist and posing as a police officer to gain Edward's trust. Mark, thanks to his covert surveillance, prevents Dawkins from sexually assaulting Edward by anonymously calling police. After Marcella listens to his 999 call, instead of having him sacked, she forces him to look for compromising information on Jason and Becky. Sascha and her partner, Jojo, who both work at the Whitman Foundation, argue over the cost of another round of IVF that Jojo desperately wants. Maya rejects Sascha's request for a raise but offers her money under the table if Sascha helps her with something illegal. The family of Gail's patient, Joel, complains about her when he experiences a seizure while communicating with her.
135"Episode 5"Charles SturridgeHans Rosenfeldt & Camilla Ahlgren19 March 2018 (2018-03-19)5.08
Marcella is able to remember the events of the night that Grace was murdered. Through analysis of the tachograph found on the lorry that acted as a catalyst in the train crash, Mark is able to pinpoint a possible location where Adam was being held. When they eventually locate the property, the team are stunned to find  Victorian-style post-mortem photos of 17 dead children hung on a wall, including Leo and the boy found in the boot, all posed with toys. Marcella is perturbed by the strange reaction of a neighbour, Nigel Stafford, who refuses to speak with her. As the case quickly intensifies, one of the victims is identified as a promising amateur boxer who disappeared three years ago. The case leads the police to Vince, who serves as a mentor at a boxing club, and who was the last person to see the boy alive. Another promising boxer, 14-year-old Karim, had disappeared days earlier. Eric, who recorded Karim getting into Vince's Ferrari, attempts to blackmail Vince. Vince refuses to give any money to Eric, who gives the footage to the police. Reg confides in Alan Summers, Swiss Coast's longtime manager, that he has pancreatic cancer. Edward's girlfriend, Samantha, breaks up with him because of his odd behaviour. Gail ignores her boss's order and tries again to communicate with Joel. Joel, who has the same scar on his stomach that Adam and the dead boys had, spells out, "No accident."
146"Episode 6"Charles SturridgeHans Rosenfeldt26 March 2018 (2018-03-26)5.16
Vince is arrested after being picked out of a lineup by Nigel, who claims he saw him at the house where Adam was held. He denies any involvement in the murders and informs Marcella that his wife is sleeping with Tim, who therefore has a vested interest in determining his guilt. Marcella confronts Tim, who accuses Marcella of being paranoid because of Jason's infidelity. Vince is released when Karim shows up alive; Eric, desperate for money, orchestrated his disappearance in order to blackmail Vince, who finally paid him. Alan visits the station with Reg's letter of confession, claiming that he has gone missing and he is concerned for his welfare. Old newspaper articles from Debbie Canavan's disappearance lead Marcella to Samantha's mother, Jane, who was with Debbie the night she vanished. Becky shows up at Gail's work to ask her questions about Joel; Gail suddenly disappears. Edward confesses that he and Leo had a fight shortly before the boy disappeared and that he remembered a car following them. A toy found with one of the boys is traced to Vince's business, who traces it to Maya. Amateur paranormal investigators, who break into buildings that are supposedly haunted, post video taken several years earlier of their visit to the house where Adam was held captive. Marcella feeds information of Vince's arrest to the press in order to obtain the full video footage, which leads her to suspect the murderer may be female. They also discover the killer somehow hid a female body in the police station, where it has since decomposed.
157"Episode 7"Jim O'HanlonHans Rosenfeldt2 April 2018 (2018-04-02)5.04
Marcella tells Alan she doubts he wrote the confession letter and that she suspects he is behind Reg's disappearance. Maya's attempt to leave Vince backfires badly and ends up with Tim under investigation for embezzling from the foundation, using transactions she had herself done to frame Vince. Marcella finds out from Mark that Becky once worked on a yacht involved in a hooker scandal. The body found at the police station is revealed to be that of a troubled teen girl; like several of other victims, the police trace her to KidsCall, a crisis line run by the Whitman Foundation. The professor now believes the discs with the symbols represent not keeping evil away, but preventing it from escaping. Nigel, the uncooperative neighbour, reveals his girlfriend, Rosio, has been abducted, and he is communicating online with the kidnapper, who forced him to pick Vince out of the police lineup. Mark remains at Nigel's home, attempting to trace the abductor while the police search for her. When Rosio's body is found, Nigel kills Mark and then kills himself. Eric confronts both Gail's boss and Vince about his sister's disappearance. Samantha's mother, Jane, sees bruises on her daughter and believes Edward caused it and that is why they broke up. Edward shows up at their house to talk to Samantha, where Jane drugs him.
168"Episode 8"Jim O'HanlonHans Rosenfeldt9 April 2018 (2018-04-09)4.98
The police arrest Eric for firing his gun at Gail's boss. Upon questioning, he reveals Gail's breakthrough with Joel, who turns out to be Jane's brother. During the raid at her house, Marcella finds Edwards bag and realizes that he's been taken. During another one of her blackouts she drives off, picking up Samantha and eventually confronts Jane at an abandoned winery. After subduing and arresting her, Marcella goes back to the hypnotist and learns that she accidentally killed Juliette. Upon learning this, she signs the custody papers and almost jumps off the police building. Rav notices her and stops her from jumping and attempts to convince her to seek out help. Marcella knocks him out and changes her appearance before disappearing into the night. Later, it is learned that the woman whose DNA Marcella used to hide her possible involvement in Grace Gibson's murder perished in a fire, resulting in Marcella being legally deceased. Upon being told this information by Frank, an associate of Laura, he also offers her a job, to work undercover.


document_title: Marketing research process

question_text: what is the first step in the marketing research procedure

text: Marketing research process

text: Steps in the marketing research process[edit]

text: This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this article to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (July 2018)

text: The first stage in a marketing research project is to define the problem. In defining the problem, the researcher should take into account the purpose of the study, relevant background information and all necessary data, and how the information gathered will be used in decision making. Problem definition involves discussion with the decision makers, interviews with industry experts, analysis of secondary data, and, perhaps, some qualitative research, such as focus groups. Once the problem has been precisely defined, the research can be designed and conducted properly.[2]

text: Development of an approach to the problem is the second step. This includes formulating an objective or theoretical framework, constructing analytical models, generating research questions, hypotheses, and identifying characteristics or factors that can influence the research design. This process is guided by discussions with management and industry experts, case studies and simulations, analysis of secondary data, qualitative research and pragmatic considerations.[2]

text: The third step involves the formulation of the research design which is the framework or blueprint for conducting the marketing research project. It details the procedures necessary in obtaining the required information, and its purpose is to design a study that will test the hypotheses of interest, determine possible answers to the research questions, and provide the information necessary for decision making. Conducting exploratory research, precisely defining the variables, and designing appropriate scales to measure them are also components of the research design. The issue on how the data should be obtained from the respondents must be addressed. It is also necessary to design a questionnaire and a sampling plan to select respondents for the study.

text: Formulating the research design involves the following steps:[1]

text:
Secondary data analysis
Qualitative research
Methods of collecting quantitative data (survey, observation, and experimentation)
Definition of the information needed
Measurement and scaling procedures
Questionnaire design
Sampling process and sample size
Plan of data analysis

tag: ol

text: Fourth is data collection which involves manpower/staff members who operate either in the field, as in the case of personal interviewing (in-home, mall intercept, or computer-assisted personal interviewing), from an office by telephone (telephone or computer-assisted telephone interviewing), or through mail (traditional mail and mail panel surveys with pre-recruited households). Proper selection, training, supervision, and evaluation of staff members helps minimize data-collection errors.

text: Data preparation and analysis is the fifth step and includes the editing, coding, transcription, and verification of data. Each questionnaire or observation form is inspected, or edited, and, if necessary, corrected. Number or letter codes are assigned to represent each response to each question in the questionnaire. The data from the questionnaires are transcribed or key-punched on to magnetic tapes, or disks or inputted directly into the computer. Verification ensures that the data from the original questionnaires have been accurately transcribed.

text: Analyzed data gives meaning to the information that have been collected. Univariate techniques are used for analyzing data when there is a single measurement of each element or unit in the sample, or, if there are several measurements of each element, each RCH variable is analyzed in isolation. On the other hand, multivariate techniques are used for analyzing data when there are two or more measurements on each element and the variables are analyzed simultaneously.[2]

text: The last stage is the report preparation and presentation. The entire project should be documented in a written report and the results and major findings must be presented. The findings must be in a comprehensible format so that they can be readily used in the decision making process. In addition, an oral presentation should be made to management using tables, figures, and graphs to enhance clarity and impact.[2]

text: For these reasons, interviews with experts are more useful in conducting marketing research for industrial firms and for products of a technical nature, where it is relatively easy to identify and approach the experts. This method is also helpful in situations where little information is available from other sources, as in the case of radically new products.

text: Primary data vs. secondary data[edit]

text: Primary data is sourced by the researcher for the specific purpose of addressing the research problem. On the other hand, secondary data is collected for some purpose other than the problem at hand. This data includes information made available by business and government sources, commercial marketing research firms, and computerized databases. Secondary data is an economical and quick source of background information.

text: Qualitative research[edit]

text: Information, industry experts, and secondary data may not be sufficient to define the research problem. Sometimes qualitative research must be undertaken to gain a qualitative understanding of the problem and its underlying factors. Qualitative research is unstructured, exploratory in nature, based on small samples, and may utilize popular qualitative techniques such as focus groups (group interviews), word association (asking respondents to indicate their first responses to stimulus words), and depth interviews (one-on-one interviews which probe the respondents' thoughts in detail). Other exploratory research techniques, such as pilot surveys with small samples of respondents, may also be undertaken.[1]