document_title: List of Back to the Future characters

question_text: who played lorraine in back to the future

text: List of Back to the Future characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Marty McFly[edit]

text: Martin Seamus "Marty" McFly (portrayed by Michael J. Fox in the films and voiced by David Kaufman in the animated series and AJ LoCascio in Back to the Future: The Game) is the son of George McFly and Lorraine Baines McFly. Marty travels between the past and the future, encountering his ancestors and descendants. Marty and his friend Doc Brown help restore the space-time continuum while encountering Biff Tannen (or members of the Tannen clan) at various points in time.

text: Emmett "Doc" Brown[edit]

text: Doctor Emmett Lathrop "Doc" Brown (portrayed by Christopher Lloyd in the films and Back to the Future: The Game, and voiced by Dan Castellaneta in the animated series) is the inventor of the DeLorean time machine. At various points in time, Doc helps Marty restore the space-time continuum and reverse the changes that were caused by time travel.

text: In 2008, the character was selected by film magazine Empire as one of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time, ranking at #76.[1]

text: Biff Tannen[edit]

text: Biff Howard Tannen (portrayed by Thomas F. Wilson in the films and animated series and voiced by Kid Beyond in Back to the Future: The Game) is the main antagonist of the first 2 films and a local bully who harassed George McFly and has once altered history in the second film. He comes from a long line of bullies in Hill Valley, most of whom harassed members of the McFly family. Biff is also a descendant of Buford Tannen (also portrayed by Wilson), who is one of Hill Valley's outlaws during the 1880s.

text: McFly family[edit]

text: George McFly[edit]

text: George Douglas McFly (portrayed by Crispin Glover in Back to the Future and by Jeffrey Weissman in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III and voiced by Michael X. Sommers in Back to the Future: The Game) is the father of Marty, Linda and Dave from the union with his wife Lorraine Baines McFly. Although he is one of the main characters in the first movie, George only makes cameos in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III.

text: In the first film, George is portrayed as weak and the main target of Biff Tannen's bullying. The novelization of the film expounds on George's history of weakness, describing two incidents in which he is unable to stand up for himself. In 1955, in contrast with Marty, George did not have any friends for support and was targeted not only by Biff and his gang but also other kids in school. He has a penchant for science fiction, and writes some of his own but never allows himself to share them with anyone due to his fear of rejection. In 1955, with Marty's help, he gets the courage to stand up to Biff, knocking him unconscious. As a result, he and Lorraine fall in love and George becomes popular in school for defeating Biff in a fight. In the new future, they are both happily married with George working as a college professor and being a successful writer who orders Biff around. In the alternate timeline in Part II, George was murdered by Biff in 1973.

text: George's character was greatly reduced in the sequels, and the role was recast to Jeffrey Weissman.[2] Weissman wore prosthetics to resemble Glover and imitated Glover's rendering of McFly, and his scenes were spliced with shots of Glover from Back to the Future.[3] The result was so convincing that many people were fooled by it.[3] Glover did not appreciate this, and sued. The lawsuit resulted in the adoption of stricter rules by the Screen Actors Guild to prevent this situation from occurring again.[3]

text: Lorraine Baines-McFly[edit]

text: Lorraine Baines-McFly (portrayed by Lea Thompson and voiced by Aimee Miles in Back to the Future: The Game) is the wife of George McFly and the mother of Marty, Linda and Dave. She is the eldest daughter of Sam (George DiCenzo) and Stella (Frances Lee McCain) Baines, and sister of Milton (Jason Hervey), Sally (Maia Brewton), Toby, and Joey.

text: In Back to the Future, Lorraine is initially portrayed in 1985 as middle-aged and unhappy. After Marty changes the timeline, she is shown to be fit and happily married to George in 1985. In Part II, she is still happily married to George in 2015, but in the dystopian alternate 1985 timeline she is widowed and married to Biff.

text: Dave McFly[edit]

text: David "Dave" McFly (portrayed by Marc McClure) is the eldest child of George and Lorraine McFly. In 1985 before Marty went to 1955, Dave works at Burger King, but in the post-time travel 1985 he wears a suit as a nondescript white-collar worker for an accounting firm. In a deleted scene from Part II, the alternate 1985 timeline shows that Dave is an alcoholic and a gambling addict following George's death and Lorraine's second marriage to Biff.

text: Linda McFly[edit]

text: Linda McFly (portrayed by Wendie Jo Sperber) is the middle child and only daughter of George and Lorraine McFly. In 1985 before Marty went to 1955, Linda is having boy trouble and it is unknown if she is in college or has a job. In 1985 after Marty went to 1955, Linda works in a boutique and has gained the attention of many boys.

text: Seamus and Maggie McFly[edit]

text: Seamus and Maggie McFly (portrayed by Michael J. Fox and Lea Thompson) are Irish immigrants and the paternal great-great-grandparents of Marty McFly. In Part III, Marty is befriended by Seamus and Maggie. While Maggie does not trust the "strange young man", Seamus has a familiar feeling about him and believes that helping him is the right thing to do. They have a son named William (Marty's great-grandfather). Much like his descendants, Seamus is harassed by a member of the Tannen family, Buford Tannen.

text: Maggie McFly is played by Lea Thompson, who also plays Marty's mother Lorraine, even though Maggie is not an ancestor of Lorraine; in a DVD commentary track for Part III, Bob Gale states that the creative team considered it important to include Thompson in the film, and he imagines that McFly men are simply "genetically predisposed" to be attracted to women who look like her.

text: Marty (Jr.) and Marlene McFly[edit]

text: Marty (Jr.) and Marlene McFly (both portrayed by Michael J. Fox) are Marty McFly and Jennifer Parker's future fraternal twin son and daughter in Part II.

text: Originally Marty (Jr.) was to be arrested for joining a robbery initiated by Griff and his gang. Marlene attempted to help Marty Jr. break out of jail but failed and was sentenced to 20 years in a woman's prison. Doc and Marty prevented the event from ever happening.

text: Brown family[edit]

text: Clara Clayton[edit]

text: Clara Clayton (portrayed by Mary Steenburgen in both Back to the Future Part III and the animated series) is the wife of Doc Brown and mother of Jules and Verne Brown.

text: Clara moved to Hill Valley and originally died in an accident when her wagon plummeted into Shonash Ravine, which was renamed Clayton Ravine in her memory. The animated series reveals that Clara, along with the rest of the family, moves to the early 1990s and lives in a farmhouse outside of Hill Valley. She then becomes a teacher at Hill Valley Elementary School.

text: Jules and Verne Brown[edit]

text: Jules Eratosthenes Brown and Verne Newton Brown (portrayed by Todd Cameron Brown and Daniel Evans in Back to the Future Part III and voiced by Josh Keaton and Troy Davidson in the animated series) are the two children of Doc Brown and his wife, Clara, who named them after their favorite author Jules Verne.

text: The characters had minor, non-speaking roles in Back to the Future Part III but were further developed in the animated series. Jules, an introvert, mostly imitates his father's interests and mannerisms while Verne appears to be more outgoing and extroverted. Several plot points of the animated series revolve around either Jules or Verne altering history and the steps necessary to correct the damage.

text: Copernicus[edit]

text: Copernicus is Doc's dog from 1955. Like his other dogs, Copernicus was used in many of Doc's experiments. When Copernicus died, he was replaced by Einstein.

text: Einstein[edit]

text: Einstein (portrayed by Tiger in the first film and Freddie in the other two and voiced by Danny Mann in the animated series) is Doc Brown's pet Catalan sheepdog. He later becomes one of the main characters in the animated series as the Brown family's dog.

text: In the first film, Doc successfully tests his time machine by placing Einstein in it and sending him one minute into the future. In the animated series, Einstein becomes anthropomorphic and smarter, helping Doc with his inventions for traveling to the past and the future.

text: Tannen family[edit]

text: Irving "Kid" Tannen[edit]

text: Kid Tannen is Biff's father who only appears in the Back to the Future game. Kid is a gangster who runs a local speakeasy in the 1930s Hill Valley. He, like the rest of the Tannen family, bullies the McFly family forcing Marty's grandfather Arthur to do his accounting. Kid is brought down with the help of Marty, a young version of Doc, and Arthur McFly. He later marries Edna Strickland and reforms from his criminal ways with her help.

text: Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen[edit]

text: Buford Tannen (portrayed by Thomas F. Wilson in Back to the Future Part III) is the main antagonist of the third film. He is the great-grandfather of Biff Tannen and the local town outlaw in 1885 Hill Valley. He was nicknamed "Mad Dog" by a newspaper reporter, due to his violent temper and propensity for drooling, a nickname Tannen greatly despises. Buford is cruel, homicidal, rude, and emotionally unstable. He displays a need for control and is brought down to childlike tantrums when he is humiliated or makes mistakes, whether it be something that happens to him or something he says or does. He is often accompanied by his gang (played by Christopher Wynne, Sean Sullivan and Mike Watson), and developed a feud with Marshal James Strickland and his deputies.

text: Griff[edit]

text: Griff (portrayed by Thomas F. Wilson in both Back to the Future Part II and in the animated series) is a grandson of Biff. He is part of a gang that also consists of "Data", "Spike", and "Whitey" (portrayed by Ricky Dean Logan, Darlene Vogel, and Jason Scott Lee).

text: In the animated series, Griff makes a brief cameo appearance in the episode "Solar Sailors" where his grandson, Ziff (also voiced by Wilson), is detained after he attempts to sabotage Marta McFly's space cruiser due to his hatred towards her family.

text: Griff's last name is never mentioned in the movies, which means he could either be the son of Biff's son Biff Jr, or the son of Biff's daughter, Tiffaney. However, in the animated series, Ziff refers that both he and Griff are Tannens.

text: Biff Tannen, Jr.[edit]

text: In the animated series, Biff Jr. is the son of Biff Tannen. Like his father and paternal relatives, he likes to bully and steal from children around him including Jules and Verne Brown with whom he developed a feud. In addition, Biff Jr. delights vandalizing other people's properties. Biff Jr. lives with his father with whom he has an abusive relationship. He is voiced by Benji Gregory.

text: Strickland family[edit]

text: Gerald Strickland[edit]

text: Gerald Strickland[4] (portrayed by James Tolkan) is the authoritarian discipline officer of Hill Valley High School. He is the grandson of Chief Marshal James Strickland of Hill Valley 1885.

text: There is a reference from Verne Brown that there is another Strickland who works at Hill Valley Elementary School as its vice principal.[episode needed]

text: James Strickland[edit]

text: James Strickland (portrayed by James Tolkan in Back to the Future Part III) is the chief marshal of Hill Valley in 1885 and the grandfather of Mr. Strickland. He also has an unnamed son (portrayed by Kaleb Henley), who will become Gerald Strickland's father.

text: Edna Strickland[edit]

text: Edna Strickland, in Back to the Future: The Game, is the sister of Gerald Strickland. She is somewhat nicer than her brother, but still set in her ways towards upholding strong morals and abolishing crime and laziness. After Marty alters her original timeline, Edna marries Kid Tannen who becomes the father of Biff Tannen.

text: Other characters[edit]

text: Jennifer Parker[edit]

text: Jennifer Jane Parker is the girlfriend (and, in 2015 in Back to the Future Part II, the wife) of Marty McFly.

text: The character was played by Claudia Wells in Back to the Future. However, Wells was not available to film the sequels for personal reasons, and the role was recast to Elisabeth Shue although Wells reprised her role as Jennifer in Back to the Future: The Game as a punk rock version of her character. Consequently, the opening scene of Back to the Future Part II was re-shot with Shue taking Wells' place, rather than using the ending of Back to the Future. In the spin-off Back to the Future: the Animated Series, Jennifer was voiced by Cathy Cavadini.

text: In 1985, Jennifer attends Hill Valley High School, along with her boyfriend Marty. In the animated series, Jennifer is enrolled to Hill Valley College with Marty after graduating high school and working part-time as a tutor. She lives with her family on a ranch, the deed to the which was owned by Biff Tannen, after one of his ancestors forced Jennifer's great-great-grandfather to sign it over by holding Jennifer's great-great-grandmother hostage. In the episode "A Friend in Deed", Marty travels back in time to 1875 and sabotages the deal with help from Jules and Verne.[5]

text: In the future witnessed in Back to the Future Part II, Jennifer and Marty had two children, Marlene and Marty Jr. (both played by Michael J. Fox)

text: Douglas J. Needles[edit]

text: Douglas J. Needles (portrayed by Flea in Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III) is an acquaintance of Marty McFly and Jennifer Parker from Hill Valley High School. Like his school's alumnus, Biff Tannen, Needles also has his own gang (portrayed by Christopher Wynne, J.J. Cohen, and Ricky Dean Logan) and develops a rivalry with Marty. Needles often goads Marty into doing reckless things such as a street race that leads Marty to crash into a Rolls Royce and an illegal transaction which results in his firing in 2015.

text: Goldie Wilson[edit]

text: Goldie Wilson (played by Donald Fullilove in part 1) is a young man working at Lou's Cafe in 1955 who goes on to become the first black Mayor of Hill Valley in the 1980s. A campaign poster shows the name Goldie in quotation marks, suggesting Goldie is a nickname, presumably in reference to his gold tooth. He would also have a grandson, Goldie Wilson III (also played by Fullilove) in Part II, who works as a car salesman.

text: Match, Skinhead, and 3-D[edit]

text: Match (portrayed by Billy Zane), Skinhead (portrayed by Jeffrey Jay Cohen), and 3-D (portrayed by Casey Siemaszko) are the three high school boys who make up Biff Tannen's gang in 1955. Their nicknames are only given in the films' novels, screenplays, and credits. Only one of their real names is mentioned in the movies – Biff refers to Skinhead as Joey in one of the 1955 scenes in Back to the Future Part II, while outside of the "Enchantment Under the Sea" dance.

text: In the alternate 1985, the three work in Biff's casino as his bodyguards. Each gets his nickname from a distinctive character trait. Match often has a match sticking out of his mouth; Skinhead has very short, close-cropped hair; 3-D is always wearing a pair of anaglyphic 3-D glasses (a reference to the 3-D movies that were popular in the 1950s).


document_title: List of solar eclipses visible from the United States

question_text: when is the last time a total eclipse happened in the us

root

text:
June 28, 1908

Annular
June 8, 1918

Total
November 22, 1919

Annular
September 10, 1923

Total

January 24, 1925

Total
June 29, 1927

Total
April 28, 1930

Hybrid
August 31, 1932

Total

April 19, 1939

Annular
April 7, 1940

Annular
February 4, 1943

Total
July 9, 1945

Total

May 9, 1948

Annular

tag: table

text:
September 1, 1951

Annular
June 30, 1954

Total
October 2, 1959

Total
July 20, 1963

Total

March 7, 1970

Total
July 10, 1972

Total
February 26, 1979

Total
May 30, 1984

Annular

July 22, 1990

Total
July 11, 1991

Total
January 4, 1992

Annular
May 10, 1994

Annular

text:
May 20, 2012[1]

Annular
August 21, 2017[2]

Total
October 14, 2023[3]

Annular
April 8, 2024[4]

Total

March 30, 2033[5]

Total
June 21, 2039[6]

Annular
August 23, 2044[7]

Total
August 12, 2045[8]

Total

February 5, 2046[9]

Annular
June 11, 2048[10]

Annular

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Solar eclipses

Lists of eclipses

By century

Antiquity
20th BC
19th BC
18th BC
17th BC
16th BC
15th BC
14th BC
13th BC
12th BC
11th BC
10th BC
9th BC
8th BC
7th BC
6th BC
5th BC
4th BC
3rd BC
2nd BC
1st BC
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
13th
14th
15th
16th
17th
18th
19th
20th
21st
22nd
23rd
24th
25th
26th
27th
28th
29th
30th

Saros series

110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162

Visibility

Australia
China
Philippines
Russia
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States

Historical

Mursili's eclipse (1312 BC)
Assyrian eclipse (763 BC)
Eclipse of Thales (585 BC)

Total/hybrid eclipses

→ symbol denotes
next total/hybrid eclipse

1560 Aug 21
1598 Mar 7
1652 Apr 8
1654 Aug 12
1673 Aug 12
1699 Sep 23
1715 May 3
1724 May 22
1766 Feb 9
1778 Jun 24
1780 Oct 27
1806 Jun 16
1816 Nov 19
1824 Jun 26
1842 Jul 8
1851 Jul 28
1853 Nov 30
1857 Mar 25
1858 Sep 7
1860 Jul 18
1865 Apr 25
1867 Aug 29
1868 Aug 18
1869 Aug 7
1870 Dec 22
1871 Dec 12
1874 Apr 16
1875 Apr 6
1878 Jul 29
1882 May 17
1883 May 6
1885 Sep 8
1886 Aug 29
1887 Aug 19
1889 Jan 1
1889 Dec 22
1893 Apr 16
1896 Aug 9
1898 Jan 22
1900 May 28
1901 May 18
1903 Sep 21
1904 Sep 9
1905 Aug 30
1907 Jan 14
1908 Jan 3
1908 Dec 23
1909 Jun 17
1910 May 9
1911 Apr 28
1912 Apr 17
1912 Oct 10
1914 Aug 21
1916 Feb 3
1918 Jun 8
1919 May 29
1921 Oct 1
1922 Sep 21
1923 Sep 10
1925 Jan 24
1926 Jan 14
1927 Jun 29
1928 May 19
1929 May 9
1930 Apr 28
1930 Oct 21
1932 Aug 31
1934 Feb 14
1936 Jun 19
1937 Jun 8
1938 May 29
1939 Oct 12
1940 Oct 1
1941 Sep 21
1943 Feb 4
1944 Jan 25
1944 Jul 20
1945 Jul 9
1947 May 20
1948 Nov 1
1950 Sep 12
1952 Feb 25
1954 Jun 30
1955 Jun 20
1956 Jun 8
1957 Oct 23
1958 Oct 12
1959 Oct 2
1961 Feb 15
1962 Feb 5
1963 Jul 20
1965 May 30
1966 Nov 12
1967 Nov 2
1968 Sep 22
1970 Mar 7
1972 Jul 10
1973 Jun 30
1974 Jun 20
1976 Oct 23
1977 Oct 12
1979 Feb 26
1980 Feb 16
1981 Jul 31
1983 Jun 11
1984 Nov 22
1985 Nov 12
1986 Oct 3
1987 Mar 29
1988 Mar 18
1990 Jul 22
1991 Jul 11
1992 Jun 30
1994 Nov 3
1995 Oct 24
1997 Mar 9
1998 Feb 26
1999 Aug 11
2001 Jun 21
2002 Dec 4
2003 Nov 23
2005 Apr 8
2006 Mar 29
2008 Aug 1
2009 Jul 22
2010 Jul 11
2012 Nov 13
2013 Nov 3
2015 Mar 20
2016 Mar 9
2017 Aug 21
→ 2019 Jul 2
2020 Dec 14
2021 Dec 4
2023 Apr 20
2024 Apr 8
2026 Aug 12
2027 Aug 2
2028 Jul 22
2030 Nov 25
2031 Nov 14
2033 Mar 30
2034 Mar 20
2035 Sep 2
2037 Jul 13
2038 Dec 26
2039 Dec 15
2041 Apr 30
2042 Apr 20
2043 Apr 9
2044 Aug 23
2045 Aug 12
2046 Aug 2
2048 Dec 5
2049 Nov 25
2050 May 20
2052 Mar 30
2053 Sep 12
2055 Jul 24
2057 Jan 5
2057 Dec 26
2059 May 11
2060 Apr 30
2061 Apr 20
2063 Aug 24
2064 Aug 12
2066 Dec 17
2067 Dec 6
2068 May 31
2070 Apr 11
2071 Sep 23
2072 Sep 12
2073 Aug 3
2075 Jan 16
2076 Jan 6
2077 May 22
2078 May 11
2079 May 1
2081 Sep 3
2082 Aug 24
2084 Dec 27
2086 Jun 11
2088 Apr 21
2089 Oct 4
2090 Sep 23
2091 Aug 15
2093 Jan 27
2094 Jan 16
2095 Jun 2
2096 May 22
2097 May 11
2099 Sep 14
2100 Sep 4
2114 Jun 3
2132 Jun 13
2150 Jun 25
2168 Jul 5
2186 Jul 16

Annular eclipses

→ symbol denotes
next annular eclipse

1820 Sep 7
1854 May 26
1879 Jan 22
1889 Jun 28
1901 Nov 11
1903 Mar 29
1904 Mar 17
1905 Mar 6
1907 Jul 10
1908 Jun 28
1911 Oct 22
1914 Feb 25
1915 Feb 14
1915 Aug 10
1916 Jul 30
1917 Dec 14
1918 Dec 3
1919 Nov 22
1921 Apr 8
1922 Mar 28
1923 Mar 17
1925 Jul 20
1926 Jul 9
1927 Jan 3
1929 Nov 1
1932 Mar 7
1933 Feb 24
1933 Aug 21
1934 Aug 10
1935 Dec 25
1936 Dec 13
1937 Dec 2
1939 Apr 19
1940 Apr 7
1941 Mar 27
1943 Aug 1
1945 Jan 14
1947 Nov 12
1948 May 9
1950 Mar 18
1951 Mar 7
1951 Sep 1
1952 Aug 20
1954 Jan 5
1954 Dec 25
1955 Dec 14
1957 Apr 30
1958 Apr 19
1959 Apr 8
1961 Aug 11
1962 Jul 31
1963 Jan 25
1965 Nov 23
1966 May 20
1969 Mar 18
1969 Sep 11
1970 Aug 31
1972 Jan 16
1973 Jan 4
1973 Dec 24
1976 Apr 29
1977 Apr 18
1979 Aug 22
1980 Aug 10
1981 Feb 4
1983 Dec 4
1984 May 30
1987 Sep 23
1988 Sep 11
1990 Jan 26
1991 Jan 15
1992 Jan 4
1994 May 10
1995 Apr 29
1998 Aug 22
1999 Feb 16
2001 Dec 14
2002 Jun 10
2003 May 31
2005 Oct 3
2006 Sep 22
2008 Feb 7
2009 Jan 26
2010 Jan 15
2012 May 20
2013 May 10
2014 Apr 29
2016 Sep 1
2017 Feb 26
→ 2019 Dec 26
2020 Jun 21
2021 Jun 10
2023 Oct 14
2024 Oct 2
2026 Feb 17
2027 Feb 6
2028 Jan 26
2030 Jun 1
2031 May 21
2032 May 9
2034 Sep 12
2035 Mar 9
2038 Jan 5
2038 Jul 2
2039 Jun 21
2041 Oct 25
2042 Oct 14
2043 Oct 3
2044 Feb 28
2045 Feb 16
2046 Feb 5
2048 Jun 11
2049 May 31
2052 Sep 22
2053 Mar 20
2056 Jan 16
2056 Jul 12
2057 Jul 1
2059 Nov 5
2060 Oct 24
2061 Oct 13
2063 Feb 28
2064 Feb 17
2066 Jun 22
2067 Jun 11
2070 Oct 4
2071 Mar 31
2074 Jan 27
2074 Jul 24
2075 Jul 13
2077 Nov 15
2078 Nov 4
2079 Oct 24
2081 Mar 10
2082 Feb 27
2084 Jul 3
2085 Jun 22
2085 Dec 16
2088 Oct 14
2089 Apr 10
2092 Feb 7
2092 Aug 3
2093 Jul 23
2095 Nov 27
2096 Nov 15
2097 Nov 4
2099 Mar 21
2100 Mar 10

Partial eclipses

→ symbol denotes
next partial eclipse

1902 Apr 8
1902 May 7
1902 Oct 31
1906 Feb 23
1906 Jul 21
1906 Aug 20
1909 Dec 12
1910 Nov 2
1913 Apr 6
1913 Aug 31
1913 Sep 30
1916 Dec 24
1917 Jan 23
1917 Jun 19
1917 Jul 19
1920 May 18
1920 Nov 10
1924 Mar 5
1924 Jul 31
1924 Aug 30
1927 Dec 24
1928 Jun 17
1928 Nov 12
1931 Apr 18
1931 Sep 12
1931 Oct 11
1935 Jan 5
1935 Feb 3
1935 Jun 30
1935 Jul 30
1938 Nov 21
1942 Mar 16
1942 Aug 12
1942 Sep 10
1946 Jan 3
1946 May 30
1946 Jun 29
1946 Nov 23
1949 Apr 28
1949 Oct 21
1953 Feb 14
1953 Jul 11
1953 Aug 9
1956 Dec 2
1960 Mar 27
1960 Sep 20
1964 Jan 14
1964 Jun 10
1964 Jul 9
1964 Dec 4
1967 May 9
1968 Mar 28
1971 Feb 25
1971 Jul 22
1971 Aug 20
1974 Dec 13
1975 May 11
1975 Nov 3
1978 Apr 7
1978 Oct 2
1982 Jan 25
1982 Jun 21
1982 Jul 20
1982 Dec 15
1985 May 19
1986 Apr 9
1989 Mar 7
1989 Aug 31
1992 Dec 24
1993 May 21
1993 Nov 13
1996 Apr 17
1996 Oct 12
1997 Sep 2
2000 Feb 5
2000 Jul 1
2000 Jul 31
2000 Dec 25
2004 Apr 19
2004 Oct 14
2007 Mar 19
2011 Jan 4
2011 Jun 1
2011 Jul 1
2011 Nov 25
2014 Oct 23
2015 Sep 13
→ 2018 Feb 15
2018 Jul 13
2018 Aug 11
2019 Jan 6
2022 Apr 30
2022 Oct 25
2025 Mar 29
2025 Sep 21
2029 Jan 14
2029 Jun 12
2029 Jul 11
2032 Nov 3
2033 Sep 23
2036 Feb 27
2036 Jul 23
2036 Aug 21
2037 Jan 16
2040 May 11
2040 Nov 4
2047 Jan 26
2047 Jun 23
2047 Jul 22
2047 Dec 16
2050 Nov 14
2051 Apr 11
2051 Oct 4
2054 Mar 9
2054 Aug 3
2054 Sep 2
2055 Jan 27
2058 May 22
2058 Jun 21
2058 Nov 16
2062 Mar 11
2062 Sep 3
2065 Feb 5
2065 Jul 3
2065 Aug 2
2065 Dec 27
2068 Nov 24
2069 Apr 21
2069 May 20
2069 Oct 15
2072 Mar 19
2073 Feb 7
2076 Jun 1
2076 Jul 1
2076 Nov 26
2083 Feb 16
2083 Jul 15
2083 Aug 13
2084 Jan 7
2086 Dec 6
2087 May 2
2087 Jun 1
2087 Oct 26
2090 Mar 31
2091 Feb 18
2094 Jun 13
2094 Jul 12
2094 Dec 7
2098 Apr 1
2098 Sep 25
2098 Oct 24

Other bodies

Mars
Moon
Jupiter
Neptune
Pluto
Saturn
Uranus

Related topics

Eclipse chasing

Solar viewer

Solar eclipses in fiction

 Book
 Category
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 Portal
 WikiProject


document_title: School of Rock (TV series)

question_text: who plays tamika in school of rock on nick

text: School of Rock (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Set in Austin, Texas, the series follows a group of rule-abiding students who learn to take risks and reach new heights thanks to substitute teacher Dewey Finn, a down-on-his-luck musician who uses the language of rock and roll to inspire his class to form a secret band. Throughout the school year, these middle-school classmates find themselves navigating relationships, discovering their unknown talents and learning lessons on loyalty and friendships.

tag: p

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Tomika (Breanna Yde) is a 12-year-old schoolgirl who is best friends with classmate Summer. She plays the electric bass and is also the lead singer in the band.
Freddy (Ricardo Hurtado) is a 12-year-old schoolboy who is considered the most handsome guy in his class and plays the drums in the band. His best friends are classmates Zack and Lawrence. Unbeknown to him, one of his classmates, Summer, has a huge crush on him. He is in love with her.
Summer (Jade Pettyjohn) is a 12-year-old schoolgirl who is best friends with Tomika and plays the tambourine in the band and also is the manager. She has a crush on Freddy.
Zack (Lance Lim) is a 12-year-old schoolboy who is best friends with Lawrence and Freddy. He plays the electric guitar.
Lawrence (Aidan Miner) is a 12-year-old schoolboy who is best friends with Zack and Freddy and is considered the smartest kid in his class. He plays the electronic keyboard.
Mr. Finn (Tony Cavalero) is the new substitute teacher and an ex-rock musician who teaches the kids how to play and work together as a band. In the second season, he is promoted to a regular teacher.
Principal Mullins (Jama Williamson) is the principal of the school. In the first season, she is a recurring character, but is promoted to a main character in the second season.

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Clark (Ivan Mallon)
Kale (Brec Bassinger, seasons 2–3)
Asher (Will Kindrachuk, seasons 2–3)

text: Production[edit]

text: In August 2014, Nickelodeon announced a TV series adaptation of School of Rock,[1] and the cast was revealed in March 2015.[2] On April 5, 2016, Nickelodeon announced that School of Rock had been renewed for a 13-episode second season,[3] and actress Breanna Yde announced on her Twitter account that production of season two began April 24, 2016.[4] In April 2016, Jama Williamson was promoted to the regular cast for the series' second season.[5] The second season premiered on Nickelodeon on September 17, 2016. Nickelodeon renewed the series for a 20-episode third season on December 2, 2016.[6] The third season premiered on July 8, 2017. On November 15, 2017, Nickelodeon announced that the third season will be the last.[7]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
12
March 12, 2016 (2016-03-12)
June 18, 2016 (2016-06-18)

2
13
September 17, 2016 (2016-09-17)
January 28, 2017 (2017-01-28)

3
20[8]
July 8, 2017 (2017-07-08)
TBA

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
12
March 12, 2016 (2016-03-12)
2.38[9]
June 18, 2016 (2016-06-18)
1.39[10]
1.49

2
13
September 17, 2016 (2016-09-17)
1.34[11]
January 28, 2017 (2017-01-28)
1.18[12]
1.35

3
8
July 8, 2017 (2017-07-08)
1.03[13]
TBA
TBD
1.02

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result
Ref.

2016
68th Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Children's Program
Nominated
[14]

2017
28th Producers Guild of America Awards
Outstanding Children's Program
Nominated
[15]

69th Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Children's Program
Nominated
[16]


document_title: Oceanic crust

question_text: where can the oldest crust be found on the ocean floor

text: Oceanic crust

text: Composition[edit]

text: Although a complete section of oceanic crust has not yet been drilled, geologists have several pieces of evidence that help them understand the ocean floor. Estimations of composition are based on analyses of ophiolites (sections of oceanic crust that are thrust onto and preserved on the continents), comparisons of the seismic structure of the oceanic crust with laboratory determinations of seismic velocities in known rock types, and samples recovered from the ocean floor by submersibles, dredging (especially from ridge crests and fracture zones) and drilling.[4] Oceanic crust is significantly simpler than continental crust and generally can be divided in three layers. According to mineral physics experiments, at lower mantle pressures, oceanic crust becomes denser than the surrounding mantle.[5]

text:
Layer 1 is on an average 0.4 km thick. It consists of unconsolidated or semiconsolidated sediments, usually thin or even not present near the mid-ocean ridges but thickens farther away from the ridge.[6] Near the continental margins sediment is terrigenous, meaning derived from the land, unlike deep sea sediments which are made of tiny shells of marine organisms, usually calcareous and siliceous, or it can be made of volcanic ash and terrigenous sediments transported by turbidity currents.[7]
Layer 2 could be divided into two parts: layer 2A – 0.5 km thick uppermost volcanic layer of glassy to finely crystalline basalt usually in the form of pillow basalt, and layer 2B – 1.5 km thick layer composed of diabase dikes.[8]
Layer 3 is formed by slow cooling of magma beneath the surface and consists of coarse grained gabbros and cumulate ultramafic rocks. It constitutes over two-thirds of oceanic crust volume with almost 5 km thickness.[9]

text: Geochemistry[edit]

text: The most voluminous volcanic rocks of the ocean floor are the mid-oceanic ridge basalts, which are derived from low-potassium tholeiitic magmas. These rocks have low concentrations of large ion lithophile elements (LILE), light rare earth elements (LREE), volatile elements and other highly incompatible elements. There can be found basalts enriched with incompatible elements, but they are rare and associated with mid-ocean ridge hot spots such as surroundings of Galapagos Islands, the Azores and Iceland.[10]

text: Life cycle[edit]

text: Oceanic crust is continuously being created at mid-ocean ridges. As plates diverge at these ridges, magma rises into the upper mantle and crust. As it moves away from the ridge, the lithosphere becomes cooler and denser, and sediment gradually builds on top of it. The youngest oceanic lithosphere is at the oceanic ridges, and it gets progressively older away from the ridges.[11]

text: As the mantle rises it cools and melts, as the pressure decreases and it crosses the solidus. The amount of melt produced depends only on the temperature of the mantle as it rises. Hence most oceanic crust is the same thickness (7±1 km). Very slow spreading ridges (<1 cm·yr−1 half-rate) produce thinner crust (4–5 km thick) as the mantle has a chance to cool on upwelling and so it crosses the solidus and melts at lesser depth, thereby producing less melt and thinner crust. An example of this is the Gakkel Ridge under the Arctic Ocean. Thicker than average crust is found above plumes as the mantle is hotter and hence it crosses the solidus and melts at a greater depth, creating more melt and a thicker crust. An example of this is Iceland which has crust of thickness ~20 km.[12]

text: The age of the oceanic crust can be used to estimate the (thermal) thickness of the lithosphere, where young oceanic crust has not had enough time to cool the mantle beneath it, while older oceanic crust has thicker mantle lithosphere beneath it.[13] The oceanic lithosphere subducts at what are known as convergent boundaries. These boundaries can exist between oceanic lithosphere on one plate and oceanic lithosphere on another, or between oceanic lithosphere on one plate and continental lithosphere on another. In the second situation, the oceanic lithosphere always subducts because the continental lithosphere is less dense. The subduction process consumes older oceanic lithosphere, so oceanic crust is seldom more than 200 million years old.[14] The process of super-continent formation and destruction via repeated cycles of creation and destruction of oceanic crust is known as the Wilson cycle.

text: The oldest large scale oceanic crust is in the west Pacific and north-west Atlantic - both are about up to 180-200 million years old. However, parts of the eastern Mediterranean Sea are remnants of the much older Tethys ocean, at about 270 and up to 340 million years old.[15][16][17]

text: Magnetic anomalies[edit]

text: The oceanic crust displays a pattern of magnetic lines, parallel to the ocean ridges, frozen in the basalt. A symmetrical pattern of positive and negative magnetic lines emanates from the mid-ocean ridge.[18] New rock is formed by magma at the mid-ocean ridges, and the ocean floor spreads out from this point. When the magma cools to form rock, its magnetic polarity is aligned with the then-current positions of the magnetic poles of the Earth. New magma then forces the older cooled magma away from the ridge. This process results in parallel sections of oceanic crust of alternating magnetic polarity.


document_title: The Fast and the Furious

question_text: all the movies of the fast and furious

question_tokens: all the movies of the fast and furious

text: The Fast and the Furious

text: Films[edit]

text:
Film

Release date

Director

Screenwriter(s)

Story by

Producers

Status

The Fast and the Furious

June 22, 2001 (2001-06-22)

Rob Cohen

Gary Scott Thompson and Erik Bergquist and David Ayer

Gary Scott Thompson

Neal H. Moritz

Released

2 Fast 2 Furious

June 6, 2003 (2003-06-06)

John Singleton

Michael Brandt & Derek Haas

Michael Brandt & Derek Haas and Gary Scott Thompson

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift

June 16, 2006 (2006-06-16)

Justin Lin

Chris Morgan

Fast & Furious

April 3, 2009 (2009-04-03)

Neal H. Moritz, Michael K Ross, Vin Diesel and Michael Fottrell

Fast Five

April 29, 2011 (2011-04-29)

Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel and Michael Fottrell

Fast & Furious 6

May 24, 2013 (2013-05-24)

Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel and Clayton Townsend

Furious 7

April 3, 2015 (2015-04-03)

James Wan

Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel and Michael Fottrell

The Fate of the Furious

April 14, 2017 (2017-04-14)

F. Gary Gray

Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Michael Fottrell and Chris Morgan

Hobbs & Shaw

August 2, 2019 (2019-08-02)

David Leitch

Neal H. Moritz, Dwayne Johnson, Dany Garcia and Hiram Garcia

Pre-production

Untitled film

April 10, 2020 (2020-04-10)

Justin Lin

Daniel Casey

Neal H. Moritz, Vin Diesel, Michael Fottrell and Chris Morgan

Untitled film

April 2, 2021 (2021-04-02)

TBA

TBA

text: Production History[edit]

text: Paul Walker had wrapped up filming on The Skulls when he was approached by the movie's director, Rob Cohen, and producer, Neal Moritz and asked Walker what he wanted to do next.[3] He said his dream project would be a mash-up of Days of Thunder and Donnie Brasco.[3] So the filmmakers brought him a Vibe article they'd found about undercover street racing in New York City. The story was pitched as a remake of Point Break set in the world of underground street racing in Los Angeles and Walker's character playing a cop who infiltrates the illegal racing world.[3] Walker signed on immediately but the producers decided to give him a strong supporting costar and were impressed with Vin Diesel after watching Pitch Black.[3] The Fast and the Furious succeeded box office expectations and Universal proceeded in developing a sequel again with Paul Walker as the lead. However, they had trouble re-signing Vin Diesel for the sequel as his star power had grown and he and director Rob Cohen left the series to develop the XXX franchise. John Singleton was brought in as the new director, and Tyrese Gibson as Paul Walker's new costar and shifted the production to Miami. 2 Fast 2 Furious cost more to produce but was less financially successful than the original. For the third movie, The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift, Paul Walker left the franchise citing politics, studio interference and regime decision.[3] Universal then approached Vin Diesel but he was busy with the XXX movies.[4] Since neither of the stars agreed to appear in the movie, Universal rebooted the franchise with new characters, a new director, Justin Lin, moving the series to Tokyo and shifting away from the racing element to the drifting subculture. While the movie was in post-production, Vin Diesel agreed to do a cameo in order for his production company to acquire rights to the Riddick character from Pitch Black.[5] The movie was the least financially successful of the franchise but the Vin Diesel cameo received a very positive reaction from the audience. The studio told Diesel that it planned to use his cameo as a way to relaunch the Dominic storyline.[6] Vin Diesel had a made a string of boxoffice flops such as The Chronicles of Riddick, Find Me Guilty and the successful but critically loathed The Pacifier and wanted to reinvigorate his career through the new Fast and Furious movie.[6] Diesel, Universal and Director Justin Lin tracked down Walker, Rodriguez, and Brewster to convince them to return to the franchise.[6]

text: Paul Walker was initially reluctant to rejoin the franchise after 6 years but Vin Diesel assured him that this will be the first true sequel.[3] The popular character of Han was also brought back and given his death in the third movie, the entire timeline of the franchise was altered so that he can be included in further sequels.[4] The 4th movie was a financial success and Universal wanted to continue with further sequels, and Fast Five was developed which shifted the genre away from car racing and into a heist movie, added Dwayne Johnson to the cast and changed the location to Brazil.[7] Fast Five was supposed to wrap up the franchise but given its strong box office performance and high critical praise with some calling it the best movie in the franchise, Universal proceeded to develop the 6th movie. Fast & Furious 6 continued the heist genre and shifted the location to Europe and became the most financially successful film of the franchise up to that time.

text: Universal lacked a major event movie for the following summer and quickly rushed Furious 7 into production for a release in Summer 2014. Justin Lin decided not to return to direct the seventh film as he was still performing post-production on Fast & Furious 6 and James Wan took over directorial duties.[8] Like Fast 5, Furious 7 is seen as a transitional movie which shifts the franchise from a heist to a spy action movie genre. The untimely death of Paul Walker in a car accident in November 2013 while half way filming Furious 7 forced Universal to major re-shoots, script changes, hiring Weta Digital to use CGI to create Paul likeness and ultimately delayed releasing the movie from July 2014 to April 2015.[9] Furious 7 was the most successful film in the franchise and producers decided to retire the Paul Walker character instead of killing him off. However, the toll of directing the movie with additional re-shoots forced Director James Wan not to return to the franchise. F. Gary Gray stepped in to helm the 8th movie, The Fate of the Furious, which was released in April 2017, starting a new trilogy of movies which will end the entire franchise. Originally the 9th movie was supposed to be released April 2019 and followed by the 10th movie in April 2021. However, Universal proceeded to start a spin-off movie with Dwayne Johnson and Jason Statham called Hobbs and Shaw, which now occupies the 2019 release date. This caused tensions between Dwayne Johnson, Vin Diesel and Tyrese[10] as it delayed the release of Fast and Furious 9. Universal later announced that Fast and Furious 9 and 10 will be released back to back on April 2020 and April 2021 to end the franchise with Justin Lin returning to direct both movies.

text: Main series[edit]

text: The Fast and the Furious (2001)[edit]

text: The film is based on an article, titled "Racer X", about New York street clubs that race Japanese cars late at night, although the film is set primarily in Los Angeles. While elite street racer and ex-convict Dominic Toretto (Vin Diesel) and his crew: Jesse (Chad Lindberg), Leon (Johnny Strong), Vince (Matt Schulze) and Letty Ortiz (Michelle Rodriguez), are under suspicion of stealing expensive electronic equipment by hijacking moving trucks, Brian O'Conner (Paul Walker) is an undercover police officer who attempts to find out who exactly is stealing the equipment.  He works for FBI agent Bilkins (Thom Barry) and LAPD Sgt. Tanner (Ted Levine).

text: Falling for Dominic's younger sister, Mia Toretto (Jordana Brewster), Brian confesses to her his status as an undercover police officer and convinces her to come with him to save her brother and his friends from the truck drivers, who have now armed themselves to combat the robberies. He tracks Dominic's location by triangulating his cell phone signal and they arrive at the hijacking in progress to find Letty, badly injured in a car accident, and Vince critically wounded, having lacerated his arm and been shot by a truck driver. Brian and Mia work together with Dominic, Leon and Letty to rescue Vince. Brian then makes the difficult decision to blow his cover to the crew by phoning in for a medivac. The revelation enrages Dominic, who flees with Leon, Letty, and Mia as the medivac arrives for Vince.

text: Brian soon follows Dominic to his house and holds him at gunpoint to prevent him from fleeing further. Jesse arrives shortly afterwards, apologizing for his actions at Race Wars and pleading for Dominic's help with Johnny Tran (Rick Yune). Moments later, Tran and his cousin Lance Nguyen (Reggie Lee) perform a drive-by shooting, killing Jesse. Brian and Dominic chase them, with Dominic driving his late father's modified 1970 Dodge Charger. Dominic forces Lance's motorcycle off the road, severely injuring him, while Brian shoots and kills Tran. Afterwards, Brian and Dominic engage in an impromptu street race, narrowly avoiding a passing train. However, Dominic collides with a semitruck and rolls his car twice, injuring himself, and rendering the Charger undrivable. Instead  of arresting him, Brian hands over the keys to his Supra and lets Dominic escape, using the line "I owe you a ten-second car."

text: 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)[edit]

text: Watched by undercover Customs Agent Monica Fuentes (Eva Mendes), Brian is caught by US Customs agents and given a deal by FBI Agent Bilkins and Customs Agent Markham (James Remar) to go undercover and try to bring down drug lord Carter Verone (Cole Hauser) in exchange for the erasure of his criminal record. Brian agrees but only if he is given permission to choose his partner, refusing to partner with the agent assigned to watch him. Brian heads home to Barstow, California, where he recruits Roman Pearce (Tyrese Gibson), a childhood friend of Brian who had served jail time and is under house arrest, to help him. Pearce agrees, but only for the same deal Brian was offered, and with the help of Monica, Brian and Roman work together to take down Verone. After acquiring confiscated vehicles and being hired by Verone as his drivers, the duo return to a Customs/FBI hideout, where Roman confronts Markham over the latter's interference with the mission. After the situation is cooled down, Brian tells Bilkins and Markham that Verone plans to smuggle the money into his private jet and fly off, but also suspects something wrong with Monica's role in the mission.

text: Later, Brian and Roman race two of Verone's drivers for their cars and begin to devise a personal back up plan if the operation goes awry. Roman confronts Brian about his attraction to Monica and the constant threat of Verone's men. On the day of the mission, Brian and Roman begin transporting duffel bags of Verone's money, with two of Verone's men Enrique (Mo Gallini) and Roberto (Roberto Sanchez) riding along to watch Brian and Roman. Before the 15-minute window is set, the detective in charge, Whitworth (Mark Boone Junior), decides to call in the police to move in for the arrest, resulting in a high-speed chase across the city. The duo lead the police to a warehouse, where a scramble by dozens of street racers disorient the police. Following the scramble, police manage to pull over the Evo and the Eclipse, only to find out that they were driven by two members of Brian's new crew, friends, Tej Parker (Ludacris) and Suki (Devon Aoki).

text: As Brian approaches the destination point in a Yenko Camaro, Enrique tells him to make a detour away from the airfield. Meanwhile, Roman gets rid of Roberto by using an improvised ejector seat in his (orange) Dodge Challenger powered by nitrous oxide. At the airfield, Customs Agents have Verone's plane and convoy surrounded, only to discover they are duped into a decoy maneuver while Verone is at a boatyard several miles away. As he knew Monica was an undercover agent, he gave her the wrong information on the destination point and plans to use her as leverage. When Brian arrives at the intended drop-off point, Enrique prepares to kill him when Roman suddenly appears and the both of them dispatch Enrique. Verone makes his escape aboard his private yacht, but Brian and Roman use the Yenko Camaro and drive off a ramp, crashing on top of the yacht. The duo manage to apprehend Verone and save Monica.

text: With their crimes pardoned, Brian and Roman ponder on what to do next other than to settle in Miami when the former mentions starting a garage. Roman asks how they would afford that and Brian reveals that he took some of the money, as Roman also reveals that his pockets aren't empty, having taken money for himself.

text: The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006)[edit]

text: This film's story occurs sometime after Fast & Furious 6 with a scene that was later made concurrent with events in Furious 7.

text: After totaling his car in an illegal street race, Sean Boswell (Lucas Black) is sent to live in Tokyo, Japan, with his father, a U.S. Navy officer, in order to avoid juvenile detention or even jail.

text: While in school, he befriends Twinkie (Bow Wow), a "military brat" who introduces him to the world of drift racing in Japan. Though forbidden to drive, he decides to race against Takashi (Brian Tee) aka D.K. (Drift King). He borrows a Nissan Silvia from Han Lue (Sung Kang), now a business partner to Takashi, and loses, totaling the car because of his lack of knowledge of drifting. To repay his debt for the car he destroyed, Sean works for Han. Later on, Han becomes friends with Sean and teaches him how to drift.

text: Takashi's uncle Kamata (Sonny Chiba) (the head of the Yakuza) reprimands Takashi for allowing Han to steal from him. Takashi confronts Han, Sean and Neela (Nathalie Kelley), and in doing so, they flee. During the chase, Han is killed in a car accident when his car catches fire. Takashi, Sean, and his father become involved in an armed standoff which is resolved by Neela agreeing to leave with Takashi. Twinkie gives his money to Sean to replace the money Han stole, which Sean then returns to Kamata.

text: Sean proposes a race against Takashi to determine who must leave Tokyo. Sean and Han's friends then build a 1967 Ford Mustang, with an inline-6 engine and other parts salvaged from Han's Silvia that Sean had destroyed. Sean wins the race and is later challenged by Dominic Toretto.

text: Fast & Furious (2009)[edit]

text: Fast & Furious, as well as its succeeding films, takes place before the events of The Fast and The Furious: Tokyo Drift.

text: About five years after the events of the first film, Dominic and his new crew (Letty, Han, Leo, Santos and Cara) have been hijacking fuel tankers in the Dominican Republic. When their trail gets too hot, Dominic disbands the crew. However, he is later informed that Letty has been murdered. Dominic returns to Los Angeles where he finds traces of nitro-methane at the crash site, and tracks the buyer of the gas to David Park. Meanwhile, Brian O'Conner, who has been working as an FBI agent, is tracking down a drug trafficker named Arturo Braga. When Brian and Dominic cross paths at David Park's apartment, Dominic is about to drop David out the window. But Brian intervenes, and works a scheme where he enters a street race where the winner would join Braga's team of drivers. Although Dominic wins the four-car race by bumping Brian's car, Brian later joins the team by replacing one of Braga's other drivers.

text: The team meets Fenix Calderon (Laz Alonso) who directs them to drive the heroin across the border using underground tunnels to avoid detection. Brian realizes that the drivers are to be killed following the mission, and when Fenix reveals to Dominic that he killed Letty, Dominic detonates the nitrous in his car, blowing up a bunch of vehicles. In the chaos, Brian hijacks the Hummer that is carrying the heroin. Dominic and Brian drive back to Los Angeles, hiding the heroin in an impound lot. When Dominic learns Brian was the last person to contact Letty, he attacks him until Brian reveals that Letty was working undercover for Brian, tracking down Braga in exchange for clearing Dominic's name. Brian negotiates with the agency to free Dominic if they can lure Braga into personally coming to exchange the heroin for cash. However, at the drop site, it is revealed that the Braga they arrested was a decoy, and that the real Braga (John Ortiz) has escaped, fleeing to Mexico.

text: Suspended from duty, Brian joins Dominic to go to Mexico and in hopes of catching Braga. Although Braga agreeably surrenders, they are pursued by Braga's men through town and then the tunnels. Fenix T-bones Brian's car right outside the tunnel exit, but before he can kill Brian, Dominic drives into and kills Fenix. As the police arrive, Dominic refuses to escape, saying he is tired of running. Despite Brian's request for clemency, the judge sentences Dominic to 25 years to life. During the prison bus ride to Lompoc penitentiary, Brian and Mia, along with Leo and Santos, arrive in their cars and intercept the bus.

text: Fast Five (2011)[edit]

text: When Dominic "Dom" Toretto is being transported to Lompoc Prison by bus, his sister Mia Toretto and friend Brian O'Conner lead an assault on the bus, causing it to crash and freeing Dom. While the authorities search for them, the trio escapes to Rio de Janeiro. Awaiting Dom's arrival, Mia and Brian join their friend Vince and other participants on a job to steal three cars from a train. Brian and Mia discover that agents from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) are also on the train and that the cars are seized property. When Dom arrives with the rest of the participants, he realizes that the lead participant, Zizi, is only interested in stealing one car - a Ford GT40. Dom has Mia steal the car herself before he and Brian fight Zizi and his henchmen, during which Zizi kills the DEA agents assigned to the vehicles. Dom and Brian are captured and brought to crime lord Hernan Reyes, the owner of the cars and Zizi's boss. Reyes orders the pair be interrogated to discover the location of the car, but they manage to escape and retreat to their safehouse.

text: While Brian, Dom, and Mia examine the car to discover its importance, Vince arrives and is caught trying to remove a computer chip from it. He admits he was planning to sell the chip to Reyes on his own, and Dom forces him to leave. Brian investigates the chip and discovers it contains the complete financial details of Reyes' criminal empire, including the locations of US$100 million in cash.

text: Diplomatic Security Service agent Luke Hobbs and his team arrive in Rio to arrest Dom and Brian. With the help of local officer Elena Neves, they travel to Dom's safehouse, but find it under assault by Reyes' men. Brian, Dom and Mia escape; Dom suggests they split up and leave Rio, but Mia announces she is pregnant with Brian's child. Dom agrees to stick together and suggests they steal the money from Reyes to start a new life. They organize a team to perform the heist: Han, Roman, Tej, Gisele, Leo, and Santos. Vince later joins the team after saving Mia from being captured by Reyes' men.

text: Hobbs and his team eventually find and arrest Dom, Mia, Brian, and Vince. While transporting them to the airport for extradition to the United States, the convoy is attacked by Reyes' men, who kill Hobbs' team. Hobbs and Elena are saved by Dom, Brian, Mia, and Vince as they fight back and escape, but Vince is shot in the process and dies. Wanting to avenge his murdered team, Hobbs and Elena agree to help with the heist. The gang break into the police station and tear the vault holding Reyes' money from the building using their cars, dragging it through the city. After an extensive police chase, Dom makes Brian continue without him while he attacks the police and the pursuing Reyes, using the vault attached to his car to smash their vehicles. Brian returns and kills Zizi while Reyes is badly injured by Dom's assault. Hobbs arrives on the scene and executes Reyes to avenge his team. Though Hobbs refuses to let Dom and Brian go free, he gives them a 24-hour head start to escape on the condition they leave the vault as it is. However, the vault is empty as it had been switched during the chase. After splitting the cash (Vince's share is given to his family), they go their separate ways.

text: On a tropical beach, Brian and a visibly pregnant Mia relax. They are met by Dom and Elena. Brian challenges Dom to a final, no-stakes race to prove who is the better driver.

text: In a mid-credits scene, Hobbs is given a file by Monica Fuentes concerning the hijack of a military convoy in Berlin, where he discovers a recent photo of Dom's former girlfriend Letty, who had been presumed dead.

text: Fast & Furious 6 (2013)[edit]

text: Following their successful heist in Brazil, Dominic "Dom" Toretto and his professional criminal crew have fled around the world: Dom lives with Elena; his sister Mia lives with Brian O'Conner and their son, Jack; Gisele and Han live together; and Roman and Tej live in luxury. Meanwhile, DSS agent Luke Hobbs and Riley Hicks investigate the destruction of a Russian military convoy by a crew led by former British SAS Major and special ops soldier Owen Shaw. Hobbs persuades Dom to help capture Shaw by showing him a photo of the supposedly long-dead Letty Ortiz, Dom's former lover. Dom and his crew accept the mission in exchange for their amnesty, allowing them to return to the United States.

text: In London, Shaw's hideout is found, but this is revealed to be a trap, distracting them and the police while Shaw's crew performs a heist at an Interpol building. Shaw flees by car, detonating his hideout and disabling most of the police, leaving Dom, Brian, Tej, Han, Gisele, Hobbs, and Riley to pursue him. Letty arrives to help Shaw, shooting Dom without hesitation before escaping. Back at their headquarters, Hobbs tells Dom's crew that Shaw is stealing components to create a deadly device, intending to sell it to the highest bidder. Meanwhile, Shaw's investigation into the opposing crew reveals Letty's relationship with Dom, but she is revealed to be suffering from amnesia. Dominic's crew learns that Shaw is connected to a drug lord who was imprisoned by Brian, Arturo Braga. Brian returns to Los Angeles as a prisoner to question Braga, who says Letty survived the explosion that seemingly killed her; Shaw took her in after discovering her amnesia. With FBI help, Brian is released from prison, regrouping with the team in London.

text: Dom challenges Letty in a street racing competition; afterwards, he returns her cross necklace he had kept. After Letty leaves, Shaw offers Dom a chance to walk away, threatening to otherwise hurt his family, but Dom refuses. Tej tracks Shaw's next attack to a Spanish NATO base. Shaw's crew assaults a highway military convoy carrying a computer chip to complete his deadly device. Dom's crew interferes while Shaw, accompanied by Letty, commandeers a tank, destroying cars en route. Brian and Roman manage to flip the tank before it causes further damage, resulting in Letty being thrown from the vehicle and Dom risking his life to save her. Shaw and his crew are captured, but reveal Mia has been kidnapped by Shaw. Hobbs is forced to release Shaw, and Riley, revealed to be Shaw's covert accomplice, leaves with him; Letty chooses to remain with Dom.

text: Shaw's group board a large moving aircraft on a runway as Dom's crew gives chase. Dom, Letty, and Brian board the craft; Brian rescues Mia, escaping in an onboard car. The plane attempts to take-off, but is held down by excess weight as the rest of the team tether the plane to their vehicles. Gisele sacrifices herself to save Han from Shaw's henchman, who Han kills, Letty kills Riley and escapes to safety, but Dom pursues Shaw and the computer chip. As the plane crashes into the ground, Shaw is thrown from it, seriously injuring him, and Dom drives a car out of the exploding plane. Dom reunites with his crew, and gives the chip to Hobbs to secure their pardons. Dom and the others return to his old family home in Los Angeles. Hobbs and Elena, now working together, arrive to confirm the crew's freedom; Elena accepts that Dom loves Letty. As Roman says grace over the crew's meal, Dom asks Letty if the gathering feels familiar; she answers "no, but it feels like home."

text: In a mid-credits scene, which takes place in Tokyo, Han is involved in a car chase when he is suddenly broadsided by an oncoming car. The driver walks away from the scene after leaving Letty's cross necklace by the crash, and calls Dom as Han's car fatally explodes, saying, "You don't know me. You're about to."

text: Furious 7 (2015)[edit]

text: After defeating Owen Shaw and his crew and securing amnesty for their past crimes (depicted in Fast & Furious 6), Dominic "Dom" Toretto, Brian O'Conner and the rest of their team have returned to the United States to live normal lives again. Brian begins to accustom himself to life as a father, while Dom tries to help Letty Ortiz regain her memory. Meanwhile, Owen's older brother, Deckard Shaw, breaks into the secure hospital that the comatose Owen is being held in and swears vengeance against Dom and his team, before breaking into Luke Hobbs' Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) office to extract profiles of Dom's crew. After revealing his identity, Shaw engages Hobbs in a fight, and escapes when he detonates a bomb that severely injures Hobbs. Dom later learns from his sister Mia that she is pregnant again and convinces her to tell Brian. However, a bomb, disguised in a package sent from Tokyo, explodes and destroys the Toretto house just seconds after Han, a member of Dom's team, is killed by Shaw in Tokyo. Dom later visits Hobbs in a hospital, where he learns that Shaw is a rogue special forces assassin seeking to avenge his brother. Dom then travels to Tokyo to claim Han's body, and meets and races Sean Boswell, a friend of Han's who gives him personal items found at Han's crash site.

text: Back at Han's funeral in Los Angeles, Dom notices a car observing them, and after a chase, confronts its driver, who is revealed to be Shaw. Both prepare to fight, but Shaw flees when a covert ops team arrives and opens fire, led by Mr. Nobody. Nobody says that he will assist Dom in stopping Shaw if he helps him obtain God's Eye, a computer program that uses digital devices to track down a person, and save its creator, a hacker named Ramsey, from a mercenary named Mose Jakande. Dom, Brian, Letty, Roman Pearce, and Tej Parker then airdrop their cars over the Caucasus Mountains in Azerbaijan, ambush Jakande's convoy, and rescue Ramsey. The team then heads to Abu Dhabi, where a billionaire has acquired the flash drive containing God's Eye, and manages to steal it from the owner. With God's Eye near telecommunications repeaters, the team tracks down Shaw, who is waiting at a remote factory. Dom, Brian, Nobody and his team attempt to capture Shaw, but are ambushed by Jakande and his men and forced to flee while Jakande obtains God's Eye. At his own request, the injured Nobody is left behind to be evacuated by helicopter while Brian and Dom continue without him. To reduce their disadvantage, the crew returns to Los Angeles to fight Shaw, Jakande and his men. Meanwhile, Brian promises Mia that once they deal with Shaw, he will retire and fully dedicate himself to their family.

text: While Jakande pursues Brian and the rest of the team with a stealth helicopter and an aerial drone, Ramsey attempts to hack into God's Eye. Hobbs, seeing the team in trouble, leaves the hospital and destroys the drone with an ambulance. Brian engages Jakande's henchman Kiet and throws him down an elevator shaft, allowing Ramsey to regain control of God's Eye and shut it down. Dom and Shaw engage in a one-on-one brawl on top of a public parking garage, before Jakande intervenes and attacks them both. Shaw is defeated when part of the parking garage collapses beneath him. Dom then launches his vehicle at Jakande's helicopter, tossing Shaw's bag of grenades onto its skids, before injuring himself when his car lands and crashes. Hobbs then shoots the bag of grenades from ground level, destroying the helicopter and killing Jakande. Dom is pulled from the wreckage of his car, believed to be dead. As Letty cradles Dom's body in her arms, she reveals that she has regained her memories, and that she remembers their wedding. Dom regains consciousness soon after, remarking, "It's about time".

text: Shaw is taken into custody by Hobbs and locked away in a secret, high-security prison. At a beach, Brian and Mia play with their son while Dom, Letty, Roman, Tej, and Ramsey observe, acknowledging that Brian is better off retired with his family. Dom silently leaves, Ramsey asks if he's gonna say goodbye. Dom says, "It's never goodbye." He drives away, but Brian catches up with him at a crossroad. As Dom remembers the times that he had with Brian, they bid each other farewell and drive off in separate directions.

text: The Fate of the Furious (2017)[edit]

text: Dominic "Dom" Toretto and Letty Ortiz are on their honeymoon in Havana when Dom's cousin Fernando gets in trouble owing money to local racer Raldo. Sensing Raldo is a loan shark, Dom challenges Raldo to a race, pitting Fernando's reworked car against Raldo's, and wagering his own show car. After narrowly winning the race, Dom allows Raldo to keep his car, earning his respect, and instead leaves his cousin with his show car.

text: The next day, Dom is approached by the elusive cyberterrorist Cipher who coerces him into working for her. Shortly afterwards, Dom and his team, comprising Letty, Roman Pearce, Tej Parker, and Ramsey, are recruited by Diplomatic Security Service (DSS) agent Luke Hobbs to help him retrieve an EMP device from a military outpost in Berlin. During the getaway, Dom goes rogue, forcing Hobbs off the road and stealing the device for Cipher. Hobbs is arrested and locked up in the same high-security prison he helped imprison Deckard Shaw in. After escaping, Deckard and Hobbs are recruited by intelligence operative Mr. Nobody and his protégé to help the team find Dom and capture Cipher. Deckard reveals that Cipher had hired his brother Owen Shaw to steal the Nightshade device and Mose Jakande to steal God's Eye, Ramsey's software program. The team tracks Dom and Cipher to their very location just as the latter two attack the base and steal God's Eye. When Dom questions Cipher's motives, she reveals that she has been holding hostage Dom's ex-lover and DSS agent Elena Neves—as well as their son, of whose existence Dom was previously unaware. Elena tells Dom that she wanted him to decide the child's first name, having already given him the middle name Marcos.

text: In New York City, Cipher sends Dom to retrieve a nuclear football held by the Russian Minister of Defence. Prior to the theft, Dom briefly evades Cipher - with the help of Raldo - and persuades Deckard and Owen's mother, Magdalene Shaw, to help him. Cipher hacks into the electronics systems of a large number of cars, causing them to drive automatically and taking out the convoy so that Dom can take the football. The team intercepts Dom, but Dom escapes, shooting and apparently killing Deckard in the process. Letty catches up to Dom, but is ambushed and nearly killed by Cipher's enforcer, Connor Rhodes, before Dom rescues her. In retaliation, Cipher has Rhodes execute Elena in front of Dom.

text: Dom infiltrates a base in Russia to use the EMP device to disable their security and then to disable a nuclear submarine, enabling Cipher to hijack it and attempt to use its arsenal to trigger a nuclear war. They are once again intercepted by the team, who attempt to shut down the sub, and then drive out toward the gates that would prevent the sub from leaving into open waters. Meanwhile, Deckard, whose death was apparently faked, teams up with Owen, and under Magdalene's behest, infiltrates Cipher's plane to rescue Dom's son. Once Deckard reports that the child is safe, Dom turns on Cipher and kills Rhodes, avenging Elena's death, before rejoining his team. Outraged, Cipher fires an infrared homing missile at Dom, but he breaks away from his team and maneuvers around it, causing the missile to hit the submarine instead. The team quickly forms a vehicular blockade around Dom, shielding him from the ensuing explosion. When Deckard reaches the front of the plane and confronts a defeated Cipher, she makes her escape by parachuting out of the plane.

text: Mr. Nobody and his protégé visit Dom and his team in New York City to report that Cipher is still at large in Athens. Hobbs is offered his DSS job back, but he declines in order to spend more time with his daughter. Deckard delivers Dom his son, putting his differences aside with Dom and Hobbs. Dom names his son Brian, after his friend and brother-in-law Brian O'Conner, and they celebrate.

text: Future[edit]

text:
In February 2016, Diesel announced the ninth film and tenth film would be released on April 10, 2020,[11][12] and April 2, 2021, respectively, and that the tenth film would serve as the final film in the series.[13][14]
Justin Lin is reportedly in line to direct the ninth installment.[15] It was also announced that Jordana Brewster would return for the ninth installment.

text: In May 2018, Daniel Casey from Kin, was announced to write a screenplay for the ninth film, making it the first film in the franchise since 2 Fast 2 Furious without long-time screenwriter Chris Morgan.[16]

text: Spin-off[edit]

text: Hobbs & Shaw (2019)[edit]

text: Vin Diesel announced in an interview with Variety that potential spin-offs were in the early stages of development.[17][18] A spin-off film centered around two characters Luke Hobbs and Deckard Shaw was announced by Universal and set with release date of July 26, 2019,[19] with Variety reporting that Shane Black was being considered to direct and Morgan returning to write the script.[20] The announcement of the spin-off provoked a response on Instagram by Tyrese Gibson, criticizing Johnson for causing the ninth Fast & Furious film to be delayed for another year.[19]

text: On October 23, 2017, Dwayne Johnson posted a video on Instagram which showed the finished script for the spin-off, titled Hobbs and Shaw. In February 2018, David Leitch entered talks to direct the film, which was confirmed later that April.[21] In March 2018, it was reported that the film would start production in September 2018.[22] In May 2018, the release date of the film was pushed back a week to August 2, 2019.[23] On July 5, 2018, Idris Elba was cast to play the villain.[24]

text: Television series[edit]

text: On April 23, 2018, it was announced that Universal and DreamWorks Animation are creating an animated series based on the franchise that will be launched on Netflix.[25]

text: Short films[edit]

text: The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious (2003)[edit]

text: The short film was included on a new print of the DVD of the first film in June 2003 to bridge the first two films.

text: Brian O'Conner packs his bags and leaves Los Angeles, before the LAPD gets a chance to arrest him for letting Dominic escape. While the FBI launch a national manhunt for him, Brian travels across Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas, winning every street race he participates in, with his red Dodge Stealth. However, he is forced to ditch his car at a motel in San Antonio when police officers are notified of his presence. When they collect the car, he manages to hitch a ride from an unknown woman (Minka Kelly), despite her knowing who he really is. She drops him at a used car lot, with him realizing she knows that he is a wanted man. There, he buys a green Nissan Skyline GT-R R34. Later, collecting money from street races, he modifies the car with new rims and repaints it silver before traveling eastbound and winning more races on the way. Upon reaching Jacksonville, Florida, Brian heads south toward Miami, where he sees Slap Jack's Toyota Supra and Orange Julius' Mazda RX-7 (both 2 Fast 2 Furious characters) before the screen reads "2 be continued...".

text: Los Bandoleros (2009)[edit]

text: Tego Leo (Tego Calderón) is in a Dominican Republic prison, ranting about corporations holding back the electric car and starting wars for oil. Meanwhile, on the streets, Rico Santos (Don Omar) chats to an old man unable to find enough gas. Han Lue (Sung Kang) arrives and is collected from the airport by Cara (Mirtha Michelle) and Malo (F. Valentino Morales). They drive him back to Santos' house, where his aunt Rubia (Adria Carrasco) is struggling with rising prices linked to the cost of gasoline and Dominic is working on his car. The team then enjoy a welcome meal with the family. After breaking Leo out of prison, they head to a club, where Han and Cara flirt, while Dominic meets up with local politician Elvis (Juan Fernandez), who informs them of a window of opportunity to hijack a gasoline shipment. While relaxing at the club afterwards, Dominic is surprised by the arrival of Letty, who has tracked him from Mexico. The two drive together to the beach, where they "rekindle their relationship".

text: Storyline chronology[edit]

text: Below is a table of all films, both short and feature length, in chronological order. Real world release dates are also noted.[26]

text:
Timeline order

Title

Release date

1
The Fast and the Furious
June 22, 2001

—
The Turbo Charged Prelude for 2 Fast 2 Furious
June 3, 2003

2
2 Fast 2 Furious
June 6, 2003

—
Los Bandoleros
July 28, 2009

3
Fast & Furious
April 3, 2009

4
Fast Five
April 29, 2011

5
Fast & Furious 6
May 24, 2013

6
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift
June 16, 2006

7
Furious 7
April 3, 2015

8
The Fate of the Furious
April 14, 2017

—
Hobbs & Shaw
August 2, 2019

text: Characters[edit]

text: Additional crew & production details[edit]

text:
Film

The Fast and the Furious(2001)

2 Fast 2 Furious(2003)

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift(2006)

Fast & Furious(2009)

Fast Five(2011)

Fast & Furious 6(2013)

Furious 7(2015)

The Fate of the Furious(2017)

Cinematographer(s)

Ericson Core

Matthew F. Leonetti

Stephen F. Windon

Amir Mokri

Stephen F. Windon

Stephen F. WindonMarc Spicer

Stephen F. Windon

Composer

BT

David Arnold

Brian Tyler

Lucas Vidal

Brian Tyler

Editor(s)

Peter Honess

Bruce CannonDallas Puett

Kelly MatsumotoDallas PuettFred Raskin

Christian WagnerFred Raskin

Kelly MatsumotoFred RaskinChristian Wagner

Christian WagnerKelly MatsumotoDylan HighsmithGreg D'AuriaLeigh Folsom Boyd

Christian WagnerLeigh Folsom BoydDylan HighsmithKirk M. Morri

Christian WagnerPaul Rubell

Costume Designer(s)

Sanja Milkovic Hays

Production Designer

Waldemar Kalinowski

Keith Brian Burns

Ida Random

Peter Wenham

Jan Roelfs

Bill Brzeski

Running time

106 minutes

107 minutes

104 minutes

107 minutes

131 minutes (extended - 132 minutes)

130 minutes (extended - 131 minutes)

137 minutes (extended - 140 minutes)

136 minutes (extended - 148 minutes)

MPAA rating

PG-13

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office performance[edit]

text:
Film

Release date

Budget

Box office gross

Box office ranking

Ref(s)

North America

Otherterritories

Worldwide

All timeNorth America

All timeOther territories

All timeworldwide

The Fast and the Furious

June 22, 2001

$38,000,000

$144,533,925

$62,750,000

$207,283,925

#299

#573

[27]

2 Fast 2 Furious

June 3, 2003

$76,000,000

$127,154,901

$109,195,760

$236,350,661

#388

#476

[28]

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift

June 16, 2006

$85,000,000

$62,514,415

$95,953,877

$158,468,292

#1,121

[29][30]

Fast & Furious

April 3, 2009

$85,000,000

$155,064,265

$208,100,000

$363,164,265

#281

#257

#244

[31]

Fast Five

April 29, 2011

$125,000,000

$209,837,675

$416,300,000

$626,137,675

#137

#85

#89

[32]

Fast & Furious 6

May 24, 2013

$160,000,000

$238,679,850

$550,000,000

$788,679,850

#101

#38

#49

[33]

Furious 7

April 3, 2015

$190,000,000

$353,007,020

$1,163,038,891

$1,516,045,911

#37

#3

#6

[34]

The Fate of the Furious

April 14, 2017

$250,000,000

$226,008,385

$1,009,996,733

$1,236,005,118

#140

#6[35]

#11

[36]

Total

$1.009.000.000

$1,516,800,436

$3,615,335,261

$5,132,135,697

10[37][38]

-[39]

7[40]

[1]

List indicator(s)
A dark grey cell indicates the information is not available for the film.

text: Critical and public response[edit]

text:
Film

Rotten Tomatoes

Metacritic

CinemaScore

The Fast and the Furious

53% (148 reviews)[41]

58 (34 reviews)[42]

B+[43]

2 Fast 2 Furious

36% (160 reviews)[44]

38 (36 reviews)[45]

A-[43]

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift

37% (114 reviews)[46]

45 (32 reviews)[47]

A-[43]

Fast & Furious

29% (175 reviews)[48]

46 (28 reviews)[49]

A-[43]

Fast Five

77% (196 reviews)[50]

66 (41 reviews)[51]

A[43]

Fast & Furious 6

69% (198 reviews)[52]

61 (39 reviews)[53]

A[43]

Furious 7

80% (244 reviews)[54]

67 (50 reviews)[55]

A[43]

The Fate of the Furious

66% (259 reviews)[56]

56 (45 reviews)[57]

A[43]

text: Franchise extension[edit]

text: Theme park attractions[edit]

text: Universal has incorporated several theme park attractions involving the Fast & Furious franchise. Universal Studios Hollywood and its Studio Tour has featured several of the picture car vehicles. From 2006 to 2013, The Fast and the Furious: Extreme Close-Up attraction was part of the Studio Tour.[58][59][60] On June 25, 2015, Universal Studios Hollywood allotted the final portion of their Studio Tour for the dark ride Fast and Furious: Supercharged.[61] Universal Orlando opened a ride of the same name April 23, 2018.[62]

text: Fast & Furious Live[edit]

text: Fast & Furious Live is a live show that combines stunt drivers, pyrotechnics and projection mapping.[63] The show had two preview shows on January 11–12, 2018 at Liverpool's Echo Arena. It officially began its tour at London's The O2 Arena on January 19, 2018, followed by a worldwide tour until later in 2018. On March 1, 2018, it was revealed on the tour's website that five new dates had been released for September.

text: The following list is sourced from the tour's website.

text: Tour overview[edit]

text:
Tour

Cities

Shows

Start date

End date

UK
London
2
19 January 2018 (2018-01-19)
20 January 2018 (2018-01-20)

Newcastle; Manchester; Birmingham; Sheffield; Belfast; Glasgow
18
6 April 2018 (2018-04-06)
13 May 2018 (2018-05-13)

Worldwide
Antwerp; Turin; Vienna; Munich; Arnhem; Cologne; Montpellier; Lisbon
22
26 January 2018 (2018-01-26)
17 March 2018 (2018-03-17)

Zürich; Stockholm; Oslo; Helsinki; Copenhagen; Berlin; Paris; Turin; Amsterdam; Prague
26
18 May 2018 (2018-05-18)
22 September 2018 (2018-09-22)

text: UK tour dates[edit]

text:
Venue(s)

City(s)

Show(s)

Date(s)

The O2 Arena
London
2
19/20 January 2018

Metro Radio Arena
Newcastle
3
6–8 April 2018

Manchester Arena
Manchester
3
13–15 April 2018

Arena Birmingham
Birmingham
3
20–22 April 2018

The SSE Arena
Belfast
3
27–29 April 2018

FlyDSA Arena
Sheffield
3
4–6 May 2018

The SSE Hydro
Glasgow
3
11–13 May 2018

text: Worldwide tour dates[edit]

text:
Venue(s)

City(s)

Country(s)

Show(s)

Date(s)

Sportpaleis
Antwerp
Belgium
3
26–28 January 2018

Pala Alpitour
Turin
Italy
3
2–4 February 2018

Wiener Stadthalle
Vienna
Austria
3
9–11 February 2018

Olympiahalle
Munich
Germany
3
16–18 February 2018

Gelredome
Arnhem
The Netherlands
2
24/25 February 2018

Lanxess Arena
Cologne
Germany
3
2–4 March 2018

Park&Suites Arena
Montpellier
France
3
9–11 March 2018

Altice Arena
Lisbon
Portugal
2
16/17 March 2018

Hallenstadion
Zürich
Switzerland
3
18–20 May 2018

Ericsson Globe
Stockholm
Sweden
3
25–27 May 2018

Telenor Arena
Oslo
Norway
3
1–3 June 2018

Hartwall Arena
Helsinki
Finland
3
8–10 June 2018

Royal Arena
Copenhagen
Denmark
3
15–17 June 2018

Mercedes-Benz Arena
Berlin
Germany
3
22–24 June 2018

AccorHotels Arena
Paris
France
3
29 June–1 July 2018

Pala Alpitour
Turin
Italy
2
7/8 September 2018

Ziggo Dome
Amsterdam
The Netherlands
1
15 September 2018

O2 Arena
Prague
Czech Republic
2
21/22 September 2018

text: Soundtracks[edit]

text:
Fast & Furious soundtrack albums

Title
Release date

The Fast and the Furious: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
2001
First soundtrack to the 2001 film

More Fast and Furious
2001
Second soundtrack album to the 2001 film

2 Fast 2 Furious: Soundtrack
2003
Soundtrack to the 2003 film

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
2006
First soundtrack to the 2006 film

The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (Original Motion Picture Score)
2006
Second soundtrack to the 2006 film

Fast & Furious: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
2009
First soundtrack to the 2009 film

Fast & Furious (Original Motion Picture Score)
2009
Second soundtrack to the 2009 film

Fast Five (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
2011
First soundtrack to the 2011 film

Fast Five: Original Motion Picture Score
2011
Second soundtrack to the 2011 film

Fast & Furious 6 (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
2013
Soundtrack to the 2013 film

Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
2015
First soundtrack to the 2015 film

Furious 7: Original Motion Picture Score
2015
Second soundtrack to the 2015 film

The Fate of the Furious: The Album
2017
First soundtrack to the 2017 film

The Fate of the Furious: Original Motion Picture Score
2017
Second soundtrack to the 2017 film

text: Video games[edit]

text: The film series has spawned several racing video games for various systems. The arcade game The Fast and the Furious (known as Wild Speed in Japan) was released by Raw Thrills in 2004.[64] In 2006, the video game The Fast and the Furious was released for the PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable. Several games (The Fast and the Furious: Pink Slip, Fast & Furious, Fast Five, Fast & Furious: Adrenaline, Fast & Furious 6: The Game and Fast & Furious Legacy) have all been released for iOS and are available on the iTunes App Store; for Android devices there is an official version of Fast & Furious 6: The Game and Fast & Furious Legacy. In 2013, Fast & Furious: Showdown was released for the PC (Windows OS), Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Wii U and Nintendo 3DS. Various cars, locations and characters from the series have also appeared in the Facebook game Car Town. In 2015, in a deal with Microsoft Studios, a standalone expansion of Forza Horizon 2 for Xbox One and Xbox 360 was released titled Forza Horizon 2 Presents Fast & Furious.

text: Toys and model kits[edit]

text: Racing Champions released diecast metal replicas of the film's cars in different scales from 1/18 to 1/64.[65] RadioShack sold ZipZaps micro RC versions of the cars in 2002.[66] 1/24 scale plastic model kits of the hero cars were manufactured by AMT Ertl. Johnny Lightning, under the JL Full Throttle Brand, released 1/64th and 1/24th models of the cars from Tokyo Drift. These models were designed by Diecast Hall of Fame designer Eric Tscherne. Greenlight has also sold cars from the new films in the series and some from the previous films.[67] Hot Wheels has released 1/64 models since 2013.[68]

text: International locations[edit]

text: The Fast and the Furious franchise was filmed in a number of countries including: Brazil, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, Spain, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and the United States.[69]


document_title: List of actors with two or more Academy Awards in acting categories

question_text: who won the most academy awards for best actor

text: The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has given Academy Awards to actors and actresses for their performances in films since its inception. Throughout the history of the Academy Awards, there have been actors and actresses who have received multiple Academy Awards for Best Actor, Best Actress, Best Supporting Actor, or Best Supporting Actress.[1] The only restriction is that actors cannot receive multiple nominations for the same performance.[2] This rule was implemented after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way.[3]

text: As of 2017[update], 40 actors and actresses have received two or more Academy Awards in acting categories. Katharine Hepburn leads the way with four Best Actress awards.[4] Five have won three Academy Awards: Ingrid Bergman (two Best Actress awards and one Best Supporting Actress award),[5] Walter Brennan (three Best Supporting Actor awards),[6] Jack Nicholson (two Best Actor awards and one Best Supporting Actor award),[7] Meryl Streep (two Best Actress awards and one Best Supporting Actress award), and Daniel Day-Lewis (three Best Actor awards). Brennan was the first to receive three or more Academy Awards in 1940, followed by Hepburn in 1968, Bergman in 1974, Nicholson in 1997, Streep in 2011, and most recently Day-Lewis in 2012. Of the six, only Nicholson, Streep, and Day-Lewis are still living.

text:
Actor/Actress
Best Actor/Actress Awards
Best Supporting Actor/Actress Awards
Total awards
Total nominations

Hepburn, KatharineKatharine Hepburn
Morning Glory (1933)
Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1967)
The Lion in Winter (1968)
On Golden Pond (1981)

4
12

Day-Lewis, DanielDaniel Day-Lewis
My Left Foot (1989)
There Will Be Blood (2007)
Lincoln (2012)

3
6

Streep, MerylMeryl Streep
Sophie's Choice (1982)
The Iron Lady (2011)
Kramer vs. Kramer (1979)
3
21

Nicholson, JackJack Nicholson
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
As Good as It Gets (1997)
Terms of Endearment (1983)
3
12

Bergman, IngridIngrid Bergman
Gaslight (1944)
Anastasia (1956)
Murder on the Orient Express (1974)
3
7

Brennan, WalterWalter Brennan

Come and Get It (1936)
Kentucky (1938)
The Westerner (1940)
3
4

Davis, BetteBette Davis
Dangerous (1935)
Jezebel (1938)

2
10

Tracy, SpencerSpencer Tracy
Captains Courageous (1937)
Boys Town (1938)

2
9

Brando, MarlonMarlon Brando
On the Waterfront (1954)
The Godfather (1972)

2
8

Lemmon, JackJack Lemmon
Save the Tiger (1973)
Mister Roberts (1955)
2
8

Washington, DenzelDenzel Washington
Training Day (2001)
Glory (1989)
2
8

Blanchett, CateCate Blanchett
Blue Jasmine (2013)
The Aviator (2004)
2
7

De Niro, RobertRobert De Niro
Raging Bull (1980)
The Godfather Part II (1974)
2
7

Fonda, JaneJane Fonda
Klute (1971)
Coming Home (1978)

2
7

Hoffman, DustinDustin Hoffman
Kramer vs. Kramer (1979)
Rain Man (1988)

2
7

Caine, MichaelMichael Caine

Hannah and Her Sisters (1986)
The Cider House Rules (1999)
2
6

Lange, JessicaJessica Lange
Blue Sky (1994)
Tootsie (1982)
2
6

Smith, MaggieMaggie Smith
The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie (1969)
California Suite (1978)
2
6

Cooper, GaryGary Cooper
Sergeant York (1941)
High Noon (1952)

2
5

de Havilland, OliviaOlivia de Havilland
To Each His Own (1946)
The Heiress (1949)

2
5

Hackman, GeneGene Hackman
The French Connection (1971)
Unforgiven (1992)
2
5

Hanks, TomTom Hanks
Philadelphia (1993)
Forrest Gump (1994)

2
5

March, FredricFredric March
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1931)
The Best Years of Our Lives (1946)

2
5

Penn, SeanSean Penn
Mystic River (2003)
Milk (2008)

2
5

Taylor, ElizabethElizabeth Taylor
Butterfield 8 (1960)
Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966)

2
5

Foster, JodieJodie Foster
The Accused (1988)
The Silence of the Lambs (1991)

2
4

Jackson, GlendaGlenda Jackson
Women in Love (1970)
A Touch of Class (1973)

2
4

Quinn, AnthonyAnthony Quinn

Viva Zapata! (1952)
Lust for Life (1956)
2
4

Winters, ShelleyShelley Winters

The Diary of Anne Frank (1959)
A Patch of Blue (1965)
2
4

Douglas, MelvynMelvyn Douglas

Hud (1963)
Being There (1979)
2
3

Field, SallySally Field
Norma Rae (1979)
Places in the Heart (1984)

2
3

Robards, JasonJason Robards

All the President's Men (1976)
Julia (1977)
2
3

Ustinov, PeterPeter Ustinov

Spartacus (1960)
Topkapi (1964)
2
3

Wiest, DianneDianne Wiest

Hannah and Her Sisters (1986)
Bullets over Broadway (1994)
2
3

Hayes, HelenHelen Hayes
The Sin of Madelon Claudet (1931)
Airport (1970)
2
2

Leigh, VivienVivien Leigh
Gone with the Wind (1939)
A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)

2
2

Rainer, LuiseLuise Rainer
The Great Ziegfeld (1936)
The Good Earth (1937)

2
2

Spacey, KevinKevin Spacey
American Beauty (1999)
The Usual Suspects (1995)
2
2

Swank, HilaryHilary Swank
Boys Don't Cry (1999)
Million Dollar Baby (2004)

2
2

Waltz, ChristophChristoph Waltz

Inglourious Basterds (2009)
Django Unchained (2012)
2
2


document_title: The Devil's Arithmetic

question_text: who is hannah named after in the devil's arithmetic

question_tokens: who is hannah named after in the devil 's arithmetic

text: The Devil's Arithmetic

text: The Devil's Arithmetic is a historical fiction novel written by American author Jane Yolen and published in 1988. The book is about Hannah Stern, a Jewish girl who lives in New Rochelle, New York and is sent back in time to experience the Holocaust. During a Passover Seder, Hannah is transported back in time to 1942 Poland, during World War II, where she is sent to a work camp and learns the importance of knowing about the past.

text: The Devil's Arithmetic was nominated for the Nebula award for best novella in 1988[1] and won the National Jewish Book Award (in the category for children's literature) in 1989.[2] The script for a 1999 Showtime television film with the same title, starring Kirsten Dunst and Brittany Murphy, was also nominated for a Nebula Award.[3]

text: Plot[edit]

text: Hannah Stern is a 12-year-old Jewish girl living in the present day (time of publication: 1980s). She is bored by her relatives' stories about the past, is not looking forward to the Passover Seder, and is tired of her religion. When Hannah symbolically opens the door for the prophet Elijah, she is transported back in time to 1942 Poland, during World War II. At that time and place, the people believe she is Chaya Abramowicz, who is recovering from cholera, the fever that killed Chaya's parents a few months ago. The strange remarks Hannah/Chaya makes about the future and her inability to recognize her "aunt" Gitl and "uncle" Shmuel are blamed on the fever.

text: At her "uncle's" wedding, the Nazis come to transport the entire population of the village to a concentration camp near Donavin, and only Hannah knows all the terrors they will face: starvation, mistreatment, forced labor, and finally execution. She struggles to survive at the camp, with the help of a girl named Rivka. Uncle Shmuel and some other men try to escape; the men are caught. Fayge, who was going to be married to Shmuel, is killed because she runs to Shmuel when he is about to be shot with the men that were caught. Yitzchak escaped and lived in the forest with the partisans, fighting the Germans.

text: Later, when Hannah, Rivka, Esther, and Shifre are working, a guard overhears them talking instead of working. Shifre tries to reassure the guard they have been working, but he takes them anyway and leaves Hannah by herself. As the three are about to leave, Hannah takes Rivka's place by putting on her babushka. Since the guards don't know their faces, this goes unnoticed by the officer. The women are led to the gas chamber. She is then transported back to her family's Seder. Aunt Eva calls her over. Hannah looks at Aunt Eva's number; it is the same as Rivka's.

text: Hannah (when she was Chaya) was really the woman she was named after, Rivka was Aunt Eva, and Rivka's brother, Wolfe, was Grandpa Will. (Aunt Eva said that they changed their names when they got to America.)

text: The epilogue at the end of the novel reveals that when the camp was liberated, the survivors were Gitl (weighing a mere seventy-three pounds), Yitzchak, Rivka, and Leye (a worker in the camp) and her baby. Gitl and Yitzchak immigrate to Israel where Yitzchak becomes a politician while Gitl organizes a rescue mission that is dedicated to salvaging the lives of young survivors and locating family members. The organization is named after Chaya, her niece that died a hero.


document_title: Moonwalk (dance)

question_text: what is the name of michael jackson dance

text: Moonwalk (dance)

text: The moonwalk is a dance move in which the dancer moves backwards while seemingly walking forwards.[1] A popping move, it became popular around the world after Michael Jackson performed the dance move during a performance of "Billie Jean" on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever on March 25, 1983. This special was broadcast May 16, 1983.[2] It subsequently became his signature move.[3][4]

text: Technique[edit]

text: An illusion is involved in creating the appearance of the dancer gliding backwards. Initially, the front foot is held flat on the ground, while the back foot is in a tiptoe position. The flat front foot remains on the ground but is slid lightly and smoothly backward past the tip-toe back foot. What is now the front foot is lowered flat, while the back foot is raised into the tiptoe position. These steps are repeated over and over creating the illusion that the dancer is being pulled backwards by an unseen force while trying to walk forward. Variations of this move allow moonwalking to appear to glide forward, sideways, or even in a circle.

text: History[edit]

text: There are many recorded instances of the moonwalk; similar steps are reported as far back as 1932, used by Cab Calloway.[5] In 1985, Calloway said that the move was called "The Buzz" when he and others performed it in the 1930s.[6][7]

text: In 1944, Judy Garland and Margaret O'Brien featured something like the move in their performance of "Under the Bamboo Tree" in Meet Me in St. Louis, though their performance lacks the illusion created by the genuine moonwalk.[8]

text: In the 1950s, Dick Van Dyke performed a similar variation of the moonwalk and camel walk in his comedy routine called "Mailing A Letter On A Windy Corner".

text: In 1955, it was recorded in a performance by tap dancer Bill Bailey. He performs a tap routine, and at the end, backslides into the wings.[9] The French mime artist Marcel Marceau used it throughout his career (from the 1940s through the 1980s), as part of the drama of his mime routines. In Marceau's "Walking Against the Wind" routine, he pretends to be pushed backwards by a gust of wind.[10]

text: In 1958, Mexican dancer-comedian Adalberto Martinez "Resortes" also performed the moonwalk in the film Colegio de Verano (Summer School).

text: In a November 1969 episode of H.R. Pufnstuf, Judy the Frog teaches everyone a new dance called "The Moonwalk", which includes two instances of a stationary moonwalk.[11]

text: 1972 Lucie Arnaz in Here's Lucy Episode 9 of Season 5 "Lucy and Jim Bailey" Lucie does the Moonwalk whilst singing "Fever" with Jim Bailey

text: Choreographer Bob Fosse moonwalks in his role as the Snake in the 1974 film "The Little Prince". [12]

text: It has also a been acknowledged that the professional wrestlers Michael "Pure Sexy" Hayes, Terry Gordy, and Buddy Roberts started doing the moonwalk as their trademark ring entrance by 1979 when they formed a wrestling stable known as The Fabulous Freebirds.[13]

text: James Brown used the move[14] and can be seen performing it in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers. In 1981 in the promotional single and music video Crosseyed and Painless by new wave band Talking Heads, authentic street dancers, picked by David Byrne, are featuring, including Stephen "Skeeter Rabbit" Nichols doing the moonwalk.[15] It reached to 20 on the US dance charts. Another early moonwalker was popper and singer Jeffrey Daniel, who moonwalked in a performance of Shalamar's "A Night To Remember" on Top of the Pops in the UK in 1982[16] and was known to perform backslides in public performances (including weekly Soul Train episodes) as far back as 1974. Michael Jackson was a fan of Jeffrey Daniel's dancing and would eventually seek him out.

text: Also in 1982, Debbie Allen performs a moonwalk during a scene with Gwen Verdon in Season 1, Episode 10 ("Come One, Come All") of the TV series Fame.[17]

text: In Flashdance, the move was used in the B-boy scene, where Rock Steady Crew's Mr. Freeze (Marc Lemberger), with an umbrella prop, mimed the wind blowing him backward as he first walks forward, fighting the wind, then starts moonwalking backwards. Mr. Freeze's version was also shown in the first hip hop movie Wild Style and Malcolm McLaren film clip "Buffalo Gals".[18]

text: Jeffrey Daniel taught Michael Jackson the moonwalk. Jackson saw Daniel do the moonwalk dance on Soul Train and had his manager call Soul Train to introduce him to the dancer. Daniel was touring with Shalamar at the time so Cooley Jackson and Caszper Candidate went to teach Jackson. However, Jackson was not able to pick up and master the technique until Daniel returned from tour and worked with him.[citation needed] The dance was popularized in 1983 when Jackson performed it during a television special, Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever, on March 25 of that year. Dressed in his signature black trousers, silver socks, silver shirt, black-sequined jacket, sequined glove, and black fedora, Jackson spun around, posed, and began moonwalking. Music critic Ian Inglis later wrote that Jackson encapsulated a long tradition of African-American dance movements in that one performance.[14] Moonwalking received widespread attention, and from then on, the moonwalk became Jackson's signature move for his song "Billie Jean". Nelson George said that Jackson's rendition "combined Jackie Wilson's athleticism with James Brown's camel walk". Michael Jackson's autobiography was titled Moonwalk, and he also starred in a 1988 film titled Moonwalker.

text: In the 1984 movie Streets of Fire, actor and performer Stoney Jackson executed a moonwalk as the leader of a fictional group, The Sorels, who lip-synced to the Dan Hartman song "I Can Dream About You".

text: Alexei Kovalev has been known for using the moonwalk in his National Hockey League career.[19] He performed the move after scoring a goal on February 7, 2001, and on January 3, 2010. Kovalev moonwalked onto the ice after being named one of the stars of the game and again after scoring in a 2008 celebrity charity soccer game.