document_title: Fiddler on the Roof

question_text: who is fruma sarah in fiddler on the roof

root

text: Fiddler on the Roof

text: Background[edit]

text: Fiddler on the Roof is based on Tevye and his Daughters (or Tevye the Dairyman), a series of stories by Sholem Aleichem that he wrote in Yiddish between 1894 and 1914 about Jewish life in a village in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia at the turn of the 20th century. It is also influenced by Life Is with People, by Mark Zborowski and Elizabeth Herzog.[2] Aleichem wrote a dramatic adaptation of the stories that he left unfinished at his death, but which was produced in Yiddish in 1919 by the Yiddish Art Theater and made into a film in the 1930s. In the late 1950s, a musical based on the stories, called Tevye and his Daughters, was produced Off-Broadway by Arnold Perl.[3] Rodgers and Hammerstein and then Mike Todd briefly considered bringing this musical to Broadway but dropped the idea.[4]

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text: Investors and some in the media worried that Fiddler on the Roof might be considered "too Jewish" to attract mainstream audiences. Other critics considered that it was too culturally sanitized, "middlebrow" and superficial; Philip Roth, writing in The New Yorker, called it shtetl kitsch. For example, it portrays the local Russian officer as sympathetic, instead of brutal and cruel, as Sholom Aleichem had described him. Aleichem's stories ended with Tevye alone, his wife dead and his daughters scattered; at the end of Fiddler, the family members are alive, and most are emigrating together to America.[3][4] The show found the right balance for its time, even if not entirely authentic, to become "one of the first popular post-Holocaust depictions of the vanished world of Eastern European Jewry".[3] Harold Prince replaced the original producer Fred Coe and brought in director/choreographer Jerome Robbins.[5] The writers and Robbins considered naming the musical Tevye, before landing on a title suggested by various paintings by Marc Chagall that also inspired the original set design. Contrary to popular belief, the "title of the musical does not refer to any specific painting".[6] During rehearsals, one of the stars, Jewish actor Zero Mostel, feuded with Robbins, whom he held in contempt because Robbins had testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee and hid his Jewish heritage from the public. Other cast members also had run-ins with Robbins, who reportedly "abused the cast, drove the designers crazy [and] strained the good nature of Hal Prince".[4]

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Act I[edit]

text: Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman with five daughters, explains the customs of the Jews in the Russian shtetl of Anatevka in 1905, where their lives are as precarious as the perch of a fiddler on a roof ("Tradition"). At Tevye's home, everyone is busy preparing for the Sabbath meal. His sharp-tongued wife, Golde, orders their daughters, Tzeitel, Hodel, Chava, Shprintze and Bielke, about their tasks. Yente, the village matchmaker, arrives to tell Golde that Lazar Wolf, the wealthy butcher, a widower older than Tevye, wants to wed Tzeitel, the eldest daughter. The next two daughters, Hodel and Chava, are excited about Yente's visit, but Tzeitel is unenthusiastic ("Matchmaker, Matchmaker"). A girl from a poor family must take whatever husband Yente brings, but Tzeitel wants to marry her childhood friend, Motel the tailor.

text: Tevye is delivering milk, pulling the cart himself, as his horse is lame. He asks God: Whom would it hurt "If I Were a Rich Man"? Avram, the bookseller, has news from the outside world about pogroms and expulsions. A stranger, Perchik, hears their conversation and scolds them for doing nothing more than talk. The men dismiss Perchik as a radical, but Tevye invites him home for the Sabbath meal and offers him food and a room in exchange for tutoring his two youngest daughters. Golde tells Tevye to meet Lazar after the Sabbath but does not tell him why, knowing that Tevye does not like Lazar. Tzeitel is afraid that Yente will find her a husband before Motel asks Tevye for her hand. But Motel resists: he is afraid of Tevye's temper, and tradition says that a matchmaker arranges marriages. Motel is also very poor and is saving up to buy a sewing machine before he approaches Tevye, to show that he can support a wife. The family gathers for the "Sabbath Prayer."

text: After the Sabbath, Tevye meets Lazar at Mordcha's inn, assuming mistakenly that Lazar wants to buy his cow. Once the misunderstanding is cleared up, Tevye agrees to let Lazar marry Tzeitel – with a rich butcher, his daughter will never want for anything. All join in the celebration of Lazar's good fortune; even the Russian youths at the inn join in the celebration and show off their dancing skills ("To Life"). Outside the inn, Tevye happens upon the Russian Constable, who has jurisdiction over the Jews in the town. The Constable warns him that there is going to be a "little unofficial demonstration" in the coming weeks (a euphemism for a minor pogrom). The Constable has sympathy for the Jewish community but is powerless to prevent the violence.

text: The next morning, after Perchik's lessons with her young sisters, Tevye's second daughter Hodel mocks Perchik's Marxist interpretation of a Bible story. He, in turn, criticizes her for hanging on to the old traditions of Judaism, noting that the world is changing. To illustrate this, he dances with her, defying the prohibition against opposite sexes dancing together. The two begin to fall in love. Later, a hungover Tevye announces that he has agreed that Tzeitel will marry Lazar Wolf. Golde is overjoyed, but Tzeitel is devastated and begs Tevye not to force her. Motel arrives and tells Tevye that he is the perfect match for Tzeitel and that he and Tzeitel gave each other a pledge to marry. He promises that Tzeitel will not starve as his wife. Tevye is stunned and outraged at this breach of tradition, but impressed at the timid tailor's display of backbone. After some soul-searching ("Tevye's Monologue"), Tevye agrees to let them marry, but he worries about how to break the news to Golde. An overjoyed Motel celebrates with Tzeitel ("Miracle of Miracles").

text: In bed with Golde, Tevye pretends to be waking from a nightmare. Golde offers to interpret his dream, and Tevye "describes" it ("Tevye's Dream"). Golde's grandmother Tzeitel returns from the grave to bless the marriage of her namesake, but to Motel, not to Lazar Wolf. Lazar's formidable late wife, Fruma-Sarah, rises from her grave to warn, in graphic terms, of severe retribution if Tzeitel marries Lazar. The superstitious Golde is terrified, and she quickly counsels that Tzeitel must marry Motel. While returning from town, Tevye's third daughter, the bookish Chava, is teased and intimidated by some gentile youths. One, Fyedka, protects her, dismissing the others. He offers Chava the loan of a book, and a secret relationship begins.

text: The wedding day of Tzeitel and Motel arrives, and all the Jews join the ceremony ("Sunrise, Sunset") and the celebration ("The Wedding Dance"). Lazar gives a fine gift, but an argument arises with Tevye over the broken agreement. Perchik ends the tiff by breaking another tradition: he crosses the barrier between the men and women to dance with Tevye's daughter Hodel. The celebration ends abruptly when a group of Russians rides into the village to perform the "demonstration". They disrupt the party, damaging the wedding gifts and wounding Perchik, who attempts to fight back, and wreak more destruction in the village. Tevye instructs his family to clean up the mess.

text: Act II[edit]

text: Months later, Perchik tells Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution. He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her. She agrees ("Now I Have Everything"). They tell Tevye that they are engaged, and he is appalled that they are flouting tradition by making their own match, especially as Perchik is leaving. When he forbids the marriage, Perchik and Hodel inform him that they do not seek his permission, only his blessing. After more soul searching, Tevye relents – the world is changing, and he must change with it ("Tevye's Rebuttal"). He informs the young couple that he gives them his blessing and his permission.

text: Tevye explains these events to an astonished Golde. "Love," he says, "it's the new style." Tevye asks Golde, despite their own arranged marriage, "Do You Love Me?" After dismissing Tevye's question as foolish, she eventually admits that, after 25 years of living and struggling together and raising five daughters, she does. Meanwhile, Yente tells Tzeitel that she saw Chava with Fyedka. News spreads quickly in Anatevka that Perchik has been arrested and exiled to Siberia ("The Rumor/I Just Heard"), and Hodel is determined to join him there. At the railway station, she explains to her father that her home is with her beloved, wherever he may be, although she will always love her family ("Far From the Home I Love").

text: Time passes. Motel has purchased a used sewing machine, and he and Tzeitel have had a baby. Chava finally gathers the courage to ask Tevye to allow her marriage to Fyedka. Again Tevye reaches deep into his soul, but marriage outside the Jewish faith is a line he will not cross. He forbids Chava to speak to Fyedka again. When Golde brings news that Chava has eloped with Fyedka, Tevye wonders where he went wrong ("Chavaleh Sequence"). Chava returns and tries to reason with him, but he refuses to speak to her and tells the rest of the family to consider her dead. Meanwhile, rumors are spreading of the Russians expelling Jews from their villages. While the villagers are gathered, the Constable arrives to tell everyone that they have three days to pack up and leave the town. In shock, they reminisce about "Anatevka" and how hard it will be to leave what has been their home for so long.

text: As the Jews leave Anatevka, Chava and Fyedka stop to tell her family that they are also leaving for Kraków, unwilling to remain among the people who could do such things to others. Tevye still will not talk to her, but when Tzeitel says goodbye to Chava, Tevye prompts her to add "God be with you." Motel and Tzeitel go to Poland as well but will join the rest of the family when they have saved up enough money. As Tevye, Golde and their two youngest daughters leave the village for America, the fiddler begins to play. Tevye beckons with a nod, and the fiddler follows them out of the village.

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
Act I

"Prologue: Tradition" – Tevye and the Company
"Matchmaker, Matchmaker" – Tzeitel, Hodel and Chava
"If I Were a Rich Man" – Tevye
"Sabbath Prayer" – Tevye, Golde and the Company
"To Life" – Tevye, Lazar Wolf and the Company
"Tevye's Monologue" – Tevye
"Miracle of Miracles" – Motel
"Tevye's Dream" – Tevye, Golde, Grandma Tzeitel, Fruma-Sarah
and the Company
"Sunrise, Sunset" – Tevye, Golde, Perchik, Hodel and the Company
"The Bottle Dance" – Instrumental

Act II

"Entr'acte" – Orchestra
"Now I Have Everything" – Perchik and Hodel
"Tevye's Rebuttal" – Tevye
"Do You Love Me?" – Tevye and Golde
"The Rumor/I Just Heard" – Yente and villagers§
"Far From the Home I Love" – Hodel
"Chavaleh (Little Bird)" – Tevye
"Anatevka" – The Company

tag: table

text: § The 2004 revival featured a song for Yente and some women of the village (Rivka and Mirala) titled "Topsy Turvy", discussing the disappearing role of the matchmaker in society. The number replaced "The Rumor/I Just Heard".

text: Principal characters[edit]

text: All of the characters are Jewish, except as noted:

text:
Tevye, a poor milkman with five daughters. A firm supporter of the traditions of his faith, he finds many of his convictions tested by the actions of his three oldest daughters.
Golde, Tevye's sharp-tongued wife.
Tzeitel, their oldest daughter, about nineteen. She loves her childhood friend Motel and marries him, even though he's poor, begging her father not to force her to marry Lazar Wolf.
Hodel, their daughter, about seventeen. Intelligent and spirited, she falls in love with Perchik and later joins him in Siberia.
Chava, their daughter, about fifteen. A shy book lover, who falls in love with Fyedka.
Shprintze, their daughter, about twelve.
Bielke, their youngest daughter, about nine.
Motel Kamzoil, a poor but hardworking tailor who loves, and later marries, Tzeitel.
Perchik, a scholar and Bolshevik revolutionary who comes to Anatevka and falls in love with Hodel. He leaves for Kiev and is exiled to Siberia.
Fyedka, a young Christian man. He shares Chava's passion for reading and is outraged by the Russians' treatment of the Jews.
Lazar Wolf, the wealthy village butcher. Widower of Fruma-Sarah. Attempts to arrange a marriage for himself to Tzeitel.
Yente, the gossipy village matchmaker who matches Tzeitel and Lazar.
Fruma-Sarah, Lazar Wolf's dead wife, who rises from the grave in Tevye's "nightmare".
Grandma Tzeitel, Golde's dead grandmother, also featured in the "nightmare".
Mordcha, the innkeeper.
Rabbi, the wise village rabbi.
Constable, a Christian man; the head of the local Russian police.

tag: ul

text: Productions[edit]

text: Original productions[edit]

text: Following its tryout at Detroit's Fisher Theatre in July and August 1964,[7] then Washington in August to September,[8] the original Broadway production opened on September 22, 1964, at the Imperial Theatre, transferred in 1967 to the Majestic Theatre and in 1970 to The Broadway Theatre, and ran for a record-setting total of 3,242 performances.[9] The production was directed and choreographed by Robbins – his last original Broadway staging.[10] The set, designed in the style of Marc Chagall's paintings, was by Boris Aronson.[11] A colorful logo for the production, also inspired by Chagall's work, was designed by Tom Morrow. Chagall reportedly did not like the musical.[4]

text: The cast included Zero Mostel as Tevye the milkman, Maria Karnilova as his wife Golde (each of whom won a Tony for their performances), Beatrice Arthur as Yente the matchmaker, Austin Pendleton as Motel, Bert Convy as Perchik the student revolutionary, Gino Conforti as the fiddler, and Julia Migenes as Hodel. Mostel ad-libbed increasingly as the run went on, "which drove the authors up the wall."[9] Joanna Merlin originated the role of Tzeitel, which was later assumed by Bette Midler during the original run. Carol Sawyer was Fruma Sarah, Adrienne Barbeau took a turn as Hodel, and Pia Zadora played the youngest daughter, Bielke. Both Peg Murray and Dolores Wilson made extended appearances as Golde, while other stage actors who have played Tevye include Herschel Bernardi, Theodore Bikel and Harry Goz (in the original Broadway run), and Leonard Nimoy. Mostel's understudy in the original production, Paul Lipson, went on to appear as Tevye in more performances than any other actor (until Chaim Topol), clocking over 2,000 performances in the role in the original run and several revivals.[12] Florence Stanley took over the role of Yente nine months into the run.[13] The production earned $1,574 for every dollar invested in it.[14] It was nominated for ten Tony Awards, winning nine, including Best Musical, score, book, direction and choreography, and acting awards for Mostel and Karnilova.[9]

text: The original London West End production opened on February 16, 1967, at Her Majesty's Theatre and played for 2,030 performances.[15] It starred Topol as Tevye, a role he had previously played in Tel Aviv, and Miriam Karlin as Golde. Alfie Bass, Lex Goudsmit and Barry Martin eventually took over as Tevye.[citation needed] Topol later played Tevye in the 1971 film adaptation, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, and in several revivals over the next four decades.[16] The show was revived in London for short seasons in 1983 at the Apollo Victoria Theatre and in 1994 at the London Palladium.[citation needed]

text: Broadway revivals[edit]

text: The first Broadway revival opened on December 28, 1976, and ran for 176 performances at the Winter Garden Theatre. Zero Mostel starred as Tevye. Robbins directed and choreographed. A second Broadway revival opened on July 9, 1981, and played for a limited run (53 performances) at Lincoln Center's New York State Theater. It starred Herschel Bernardi as Tevye and Karnilova as Golde. Other cast members included Liz Larsen, Fyvush Finkel, Lawrence Leritz and Paul Lipson. Robbins directed and choreographed. The third Broadway revival opened on November 18, 1990, and ran for 241 performances at the George Gershwin Theatre. Topol starred as Tevye, and Marcia Lewis was Golde. Robbins' production was reproduced by Ruth Mitchell and choreographer Sammy Dallas Bayes. The production won the Tony Award for Best Revival.

text: A fourth Broadway revival opened on February 26, 2004, and ran for 36 previews and 781 performances at the Minskoff Theatre. Alfred Molina, and later Harvey Fierstein, starred as Tevye, and Randy Graff, and later Andrea Martin and Rosie O'Donnell, was Golde. Barbara Barrie and later Nancy Opel played Yente, Laura Michelle Kelly played Hodel and Lea Michele played Sprintze.[17] It was directed by David Leveaux. This production replaced Yente's song "The Rumor" with a song for Yente and two other women called "Topsy-Turvy". The production was nominated for six Tonys but did not win any. In June 2014, to celebrate the show's 50th anniversary, a gala celebration and reunion was held at The Town Hall in New York City to benefit The National Yiddish Theatre – Folksbiene, with appearances by many of the cast members of the various Broadway productions and the 1971 film.[8]

text: The fifth Broadway revival began previews on November 20 and opened on December 20, 2015 at the Broadway Theatre, with concept and choreography based on the original by Jerome Robbins. Bartlett Sher directed, and Hofesh Shechter choreographed. The cast starred Danny Burstein as Tevye, with Jessica Hecht as Golde, Alexandra Silber as Tzeitel, Adam Kantor as Motel, Ben Rappaport as Perchik, Samantha Massell as Hodel and Melanie Moore as Chava. Judy Kuhn replaced Hecht as Golde on November 22, 2016, for the last five weeks of the run.[18] Designers include Michael Yeargan (sets), Catherine Zuber (costumes) and Donald Holder (lighting).[19] Initial reviews were mostly positive, finding Burstein and the show touching.[20] The production was nominated for three Tony Awards but won none. It closed on December 31, 2016 after 463 performances.[21]

text: London revivals[edit]

text: Fiddler was first revived in London in 1983 at the Apollo Victoria Theatre (a four-month season starring Topol) and again in 1994 at the London Palladium for two months and then on tour, again starring Topol, and directed and choreographed by Sammy Dallas Bayes, recreating the Robbins production.[22]

text: After a two-month tryout at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England, a London revival opened on May 19, 2007, at the Savoy Theatre starring Henry Goodman as Tevye, Beverley Klein as Golde, Alexandra Silber as Hodel, Damian Humbley as Perchik and Victor McGuire as Lazar Wolf. The production was directed by Lindsay Posner. Robbins' choreography was recreated by Sammy Dallas Bayes (who did the same for the 1990 Broadway revival), with additional choreography by Kate Flatt.[23]

text: UK tours[edit]

text: A 2003 national tour played for seven months, with a radical design, directed by Julian Woolford and choreographed by Chris Hocking. The production's minimalist set and costumes were monochromatic, and Fruma-Sarah was represented by a 12-foot puppet. This production was revived in 2008 starring Joe McGann.[24]

text: The show toured the UK again in 2013 and 2014 starring Paul Michael Glaser as Tevye with direction and choreography by Craig Revel Horwood.[25]

text: Australian productions[edit]

text: The original Australian production opened on June 16, 1967, at Her Majesty's Theatre in Sydney. It starred Hayes Gordon as Tevye and Brigid Lenihan as Golde.[26] The production ran for two years.[citation needed] The first professional revival tour was staged by Opera Australia in 1984 with Gordon again playing Tevye. A young Anthony Warlow played Fyedka.[citation needed]

text: For two years, beginning in 2005, Topol recreated his role as Tevye in an Australian production, with seasons in Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, Wellington and Auckland.[citation needed] The musical was revived in Melbourne in December 2015 with Anthony Warlow as Tevye, Sigrid Thornton as Golde and Lior as Motel. The production is scheduled to move to Sydney in March 2016.[27]

text: US tours[edit]

text: Topol in 'Fiddler on the Roof': The Farewell Tour opened on January 20, 2009, in Wilmington, Delaware. Topol left the tour in November 2009 due to torn muscles in his arms. He was replaced by Harvey Fierstein.[28]

text: International and amateur productions[edit]

text: The musical was an international hit, with early productions playing throughout Europe, in South America, Africa and Australia; 100 different productions were mounted in the former West Germany in the first three decades after the musical's premiere, and within five years after the collapse of the Berlin Wall, 23 productions were staged in the former East Germany; and it was the longest-running musical ever seen in Tokyo.[29]

text: A Hebrew language staging was produced in Tel Aviv by the Israeli impresario Giora Godik in the 1960s.[30] This version was so successful that Godik soon produced a Yiddish version translated by Shraga Friedman.[31] A 2008 Hebrew language production ran at the Cameri Theatre in Tel Aviv for more than six years. It was directed by Moshe Kepten, choreographed by Dennis Courtney and starred Natan Datner.[32][33]

text: Un violon sur le toît was produced in French at Paris's théâtre Marigny from November 1969 to May 1970, resuming from September to January 1971 (a total of 292 performances) with Ivan Rebroff as Tevye and Maria Murano as Golde. Another adaptation was produced in 2005 at the théâtre Comédia in Paris with Franck Vincent as Tevye and Isabelle Ferron as Golde.[34] The Stratford Shakespeare Festival produced the musical from April to October 2013 at the Festival Theatre directed and choreographed by Donna Feore. It starred Scott Wentworth as Tevye.[35]

text: The musical receives about 500 amateur productions a year in the US alone.[36]

text: Film adaptation and recordings[edit]

text: The film version was released in 1971, directed and produced by Norman Jewison, and Stein adapted his own book for the screenplay. The casting of Chaim Topol over Zero Mostel for the role of Tevye caused controversy at first.[citation needed] The film received mostly positive reviews from film critics[37] and became the highest-grossing film of 1971.[38] Fiddler received eight Oscar nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Jewison, Best Actor in a Leading Role for Topol, and Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Leonard Frey (as Motel; in the original Broadway production, Frey was the rabbi's son). It won three, including best score/adaptation for arranger-conductor John Williams.[39]

text: In the film version, the character of Yente is reduced, and Perchik's song to Hodel "Now I Have Everything" is cut and replaced by a scene in Kiev. The "Chagall color palette" of the original Broadway production was exchanged for a grittier, more realistic depiction of the village of Anatevka.[40][41]

text: Theatre writer John Kenrick writes that the original Broadway cast album released by RCA Victor in 1964, "shimmers – an essential recording in any show lover's collection", praising the cast. The remastered CD includes two recordings not on the original album, the bottle dance from the wedding scene and "Rumor" performed by Beatrice Arthur. Kenrick writes that while the original Broadway cast version is the clear first choice among recordings of this musical, he also likes the Columbia Records studio cast album with Bernardi as Tevye; the film soundtrack, although he feels that the pace drags a bit; and some of the numerous foreign versions, including the Israeli, German and Japanese casts.[42]

text: Cultural influence[edit]

text: The musical's popularity has led to numerous references in popular media and elsewhere.[43] The show or its songs have been parodied and covered widely:

text: Parodies[edit]

text: Parodies relating to the show have included Antenna on the Roof (Mad Magazine #156, January 1973), which speculated about the lives of Tevye's descendants living in an assimilated 1970s suburban America.[43] The H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society published a musical theatre and album parody of Fiddler on the Roof called A Shoggoth on the Roof, which incorporates the works of H. P. Lovecraft.[44] In the film Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Robin Williams parodies "Matchmaker".[45]

text: References to the musical on television have included a 2005 episode of Gilmore Girls titled "Jews and Chinese Food", involving a production of the musical.[46] A skit by The Electric Company about a village fiddler with a fear of heights, so he is deemed "Fiddler on the Chair". In the Family Guy episode "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein" (2003), William Shatner is depicted as playing Tevye in a scene from Fiddler.[47] The second episode of Muppets Tonight, in 1996, featured Garth Brooks doing a piece of "If I were a Rich Man" in which he kicks several chickens off the roof. "The Rosie Show", a 1996 episode of The Nanny, parodied the dream scene, when Mr. Sheffield fakes a dream to convince Fran not to be a regular on a TV show. A 2011 episode of NBC's Community, entitled "Competitive Wine Tasting", included a parody of Fiddler titled, "Fiddler, Please!", with an all-black cast dressed in Fiddler on the Roof costumes singing "It's Hard to Be Jewish in Russia, Yo". Chabad.org kicked off their 2008 "To Life" Telethon with a pastiche of the fiddle solo and bottle dance from the musical.[48]

text: Broadway references have included Spamalot, where a "Grail dance" sends up the "bottle dance" in Fiddler's wedding scene.[49] The Producers (2001) includes a musical number in the style of Jerry Bock that features an actual fiddler on a roof. Also in 2001, Chicago's Improv Olympic produced a well-received parody, "The Roof Is on Fiddler", that used most of the original book of the musical but replaced the songs with 1980's pop songs.[50] The original Broadway cast of the musical Avenue Q and the Broadway 2004 revival cast of Fiddler on the Roof collaborated for a Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS benefit and produced an approximately 10-minute-long show, "Avenue Jew", that incorporated characters from both shows, including puppets.

text: Covers[edit]

text: Songs from the musical have been covered by notable artists. For example, in 1964, jazz saxophonist Cannonball Adderley recorded the album Fiddler on the Roof, which featured jazz arrangements of eight songs from the musical. AllMusic awarded the album 4 stars and states "Cannonball plays near his peak; this is certainly the finest album by this particular sextet".[51] That same year, Eydie Gormé released a single of "Matchmaker".[52] In 1999, Knitting Factory Records released Knitting on the Roof, a compilation CD featuring covers of Fiddler songs by alternative bands such as The Residents, Negativland, and The Magnetic Fields.[53][54] Indie rock band Bright Eyes recorded an adaptation of "Sunrise, Sunset" on their 2000 album Fevers and Mirrors. Allmusic gave the album a favorable review,[55] and the online music magazine Pitchfork Media ranked it at number 170 on their list of top 200 albums of the 2000s.[56] In 2005, Melbourne punk band Yidcore released a reworking of the entire show called Fiddling on Ya Roof.[57]

text: Gwen Stefani and Eve covered "If I Were a Rich Man" as "Rich Girl" for Stefani's 2004 debut solo album Love. Angel. Music. Baby. in 2004. The song was inspired by the 1993 British Louchie Lou & Michie One ragga version of the same name.[58] Stefani's version reached #7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, where it remained for over six months.[59] It was certified gold by the RIAA[60] and nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration.[61] It was also covered in 2008 and 2009 by the Capitol Steps, poking fun at Illinois politics, especially then-Governor Rod Blagojevich.[62] The Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps performs the "Bottle Dance" from Fiddler as a "recurring trademark", including at the Drum Corps International World Championships.[63]

text: Other song versions[edit]

text: The song "Sunrise, Sunset" is often played at weddings,[citation needed] and in 2011 Sheldon Harnick wrote two versions of the song, suitable for same-sex weddings, with minor word changes. For example, for male couples, changes include "When did they grow to be so handsome".[64]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Fiddler's original Broadway production in 1964 was nominated for ten Tony Awards, winning nine, including Best Musical, score, and book, and Robbins won for best direction and choreography. Mostel and Karnilova won as best leading actor and best featured actress. In 1972, the show won a special Tony on becoming the longest-running musical in Broadway history.

text: Its revivals have also been honored. At the 1981 Tony Awards, Bernardi was nominated as best actor. Ten years later, the 1991 revival won for best revival, and Topol was nominated as best actor. The 2004 revival was nominated for six Tony Awards and three Drama Desk Awards but won none. The 2007 West End revival was nominated for Olivier Awards for best revival, and Goodman was nominated as best actor.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ TIME magazine reported in its May 26, 2008, issue, p. 51, that this musical ranked as the seventh most frequently produced musical by U.S. high schools in 2007.
Jump up ^ Joselit, Jenna Weissman. "Fiddler on the Roof Distorted Sholem Aleichem", The New Republic, June 7, 2014, accessed November 3, 2014
^ Jump up to: a b c Solomon, Alisa. "How Fiddler Became Folklore", The Jewish Daily Forward, September 1, 2006, accessed January 29, 2015
^ Jump up to: a b c d Brustein, Robert. "Fiddle Shtick", The New York Review of Books, December 18, 2014, vol. 61, No. 20, pp. 82–83
Jump up ^ Fiddler on the Roof. Additional Facts, MTI, accessed May 6, 2010
Jump up ^ Wecker, Menachem. "Marc Chagall: The French painter who inspired the title Fiddler on the Roof", The Washington Post, October 24, 2014
Jump up ^ "Show Archive" Archived 2014-01-16 at the Wayback Machine., Broadway in Detroit, accessed January 15, 2014
^ Jump up to: a b Henneberger, Melinda. "50th anniversary of Fiddler on the Roof reunites Tevye's many daughters", The Washington Post, June 14, 2014
^ Jump up to: a b c Hernandez, Ernio. "Fiddler on the Roof – 1964" Archived 2004-06-03 at the Wayback Machine., Playbill, February 26, 2004, accessed June 17, 2015
Jump up ^ He staged Jerome Robbins' Broadway, a "greatest hits" collection of some of his most famous stagings, at the Imperial Theatre on February 26, 1989, which ran for 633 performances.
Jump up ^ Rich, p. 172
Jump up ^ Gussow, Mel. "Paul Lipson, 82, Who Appeared As Tevye Over 2,000 Times". The New York Times, January 5, 1996, accessed October 19, 2015
Jump up ^ "Florence Stanley", PlaybillValult.com, accessed July 29, 2015
Jump up ^ Kantor, p. 302: "The 1960s was the decade that nurtured long-running blockbusters in unprecedented quantities: ten musicals passed the rarefied 1,000 performance mark, three of them passed the 2,000 mark (Hello, Dolly!, a Merrick smash, grossed $27 million on Broadway), and one, Fiddler on the Roof, passed the 3,000 mark, earning back $1,574 for every dollar put into it."
Jump up ^ Fiddler On The Roof, Guide to Musical Theatre, accessed July 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Heller, Aron. "Iconic Israeli Actor Chaim Topol Reflects Upon His Long Career", Haaretz, April 21, 2015, accessed August 4, 2016; and Propst, Andy. "Harvey Fierstein Replaces Topol in Fiddler on the Roof Tour", TheaterMania.com, November 11, 2009, accessed July 24, 2016
Jump up ^ Fiddler on the Roof (2004), IBDB database, accessed July 22, 2012
Jump up ^ Gans. Andrew. "Broadway's Fiddler on the Roof Welcomes Judy Kuhn Tonight", Playbill, November 22, 2016
Jump up ^ Simoes, Monica. "To Life! Watch Danny Burstein, Alexandra Silber and Company Give a Spirited Sneak Peek at Fiddler on the Roof", Playbill, October 15, 2015
Jump up ^ "Review Roundup: L'Chaim! Danny Burstein Leads Fiddler on the Roof Revival", broadwayworld.com, December 20, 2015
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew. "Fiddler on the Roof Ends Broadway Run December 31", playbill.com, December 31, 2016
Jump up ^ Information on the 1994 production Archived 2007-10-14 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Information about the 2007 London production of Fiddler on the Roof
Jump up ^ Fiddler on the Roof Archived December 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Thisistheatre.com, April 27, 2015
Jump up ^ "Fiddler on the Roof official UK tour page", Music & Lyrics, accessed December 16, 2014
Jump up ^ "Hayes Gordon OBE AO 1920-1999", Live Performance Australia (2007), accessed January 1, 2016
Jump up ^ Bennet, Sally. "Anthony Warlow returns to Australian stage for Fiddler on the Roof", Herald-Sun, September 12, 2015
Jump up ^ Jones, Kenneth. "Harvey Fierstein to Replace Topol in Touring Fiddler on the Roof", playbill.com, November 11, 2009
Jump up ^ Whitfield, pp. 107–108
Jump up ^ Nahshon, Edna. "Israeli Theater: The revival of the Hebrew Language" Archived 2014-11-04 at the Wayback Machine., All About Jewish Theatre, accessed January 14, 2011
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Jump up ^ "Cameri Theatre Repertoire: Fiddler on the Roof" Archived 2015-07-24 at the Wayback Machine., www.cameri.co.il, accessed July 26, 2015
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Jump up ^ Un violon sur le toît, Opérette – Théâtre Musical, accessed September 17, 2016 (in French)
Jump up ^ "Fiddler on the Roof at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival" Archived 2013-07-14 at the Wayback Machine., accessed August 30, 2013
Jump up ^ Whitfield, p. 107
Jump up ^ Fiddler on the Roof (1971), Rottentomatoes.com, accessed August 2, 2015
Jump up ^ Tino Balio, United Artists: The Company That Changed the Film Industry, University of Wisconsin Press (1987), p. 194
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^ Jump up to: a b Solomon, Alisa. "Tevye, Today and Beyond", Part 2 of 2, The Jewish Daily Forward, September 8, 2006, accessed March 30, 2012
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tag: ol


document_title: Nissan S30

question_text: what was the first year of the datsun 280z

text: Nissan S30

text:
Datsun 240Z
Datsun 240ZOverviewManufacturer
NissanAlso called
Nissan Fairlady ZProduction
1970-1973Designer
Yoshihiko MatsuoBody and chassisBody style
3-door coupéLayout
FR layoutPowertrainEngine
2.4 L L24 I6Transmission
3-speed automatic (1971 on)4-speed manual5-speed manual (non US ver.)DimensionsWheelbase
2,305 mm (90.7 in) [1]Length
4,140 mm (163.0 in) [1]Width
1,626 mm (64.0 in) [1]Height
1,283 mm (50.5 in) [1]Curb weight
1,044 kg (2,301.6 lb) [1]ChronologySuccessor
Datsun 260Z

text: The 1970 240Z was introduced to the American market by Yutaka Katayama, president of Nissan Motors USA operations, widely known as "Mister K". The 1970 through the mid-1971 model year 240Z was referred to as the Series I. These early cars had many subtle but notable features differing from later cars. The most easily visible difference is that these early cars had a chrome 240Z badge on the sail pillar, and two horizontal vents in the rear hatch below the glass molding providing flow through ventilation. In mid-1971, for the Series II 240Z-cars, the sail pillar emblems were restyled with just the letter Z placed in a circular vented emblem, and the vents were eliminated from the hatch panel of the car. Design changes for the US model 240Z occurred throughout production, including interior modifications for the 1972 model year, and a change in the location of the bumper over-riders, as well as the addition of some emission control devices and the adoption of a new style of emissions reducing carburetors for the 1973 model year.

text: In Japan, it was exclusive to Nissan Japanese dealerships called Nissan Bluebird Stores, and was first introduced in Japan in 1969.

text: The 1970 models were introduced in October 1969, received the L24 2.4-liter engine with a manual choke and a four-speed manual. A less common three-speed automatic transmission was optional from 1971 on, and had a "Nissan full automatic" badge.

text: In 2004, Sports Car International named this car number two on their list of Top Sports Cars of the 1970s.

text: Specifications[edit]

text:
Engine: 2,393 cc (2.4 L; 146.0 cu in) L24 inline-six engine, cast iron block, alloy head, two valves per cylinder,[2] seven-bearing crankshaft,[2] SOHC,[2] compression ratio 9.0:1; Maximum recommended engine speed 7,000 rpm.
Bore X stroke: 83 mm × 73.7 mm (3.27 in × 2.90 in)
Fuel system: Mechanical fuel pump, twin Hitachi HJG 46W 1.75 in (44 mm) SU-type carburetors[2]
Power: 151 bhp (153 PS; 113 kW) at 5,600 rpm (SAE gross)
Torque: 146 lb⋅ft (198 N⋅m) at 4,400 rpm (SAE gross)
Transmission: Four-speed manual, five-speed manual, or three-speed automatic (after September 1970)
Final drive ratios:
Four-speed manual transmission: 3.364:1 (37:11)
Five-speed manual transmission: 3.90:1 (39:10) (not available in US)
Three-speed automatic transmission: 3.545:1 (39:11).
Brakes:
Front: 10.7 in (270 mm) discs
Rear: 9.0 in (230 mm) x 1.6 in (41 mm) drums
Suspension:
Front: Independent with MacPherson struts, lower transverse and drag links, coil springs, telescopic dampers, anti-roll bar[2]
Rear: Independent with Chapman struts, lower wishbones, coil springs, telescopic dampers[2]
Steering: Rack and pinion,[2] 2.7 turns lock to lock
Wheels: 4.5J-14 steel wheels with 175SR14 tires
Top speed: 125 mph (201 km/h)
0 to 60 mph (97 km/h): 8.0 s
Typical fuel consumption: 21 mpg‑US (11 L/100 km; 25 mpg‑imp)

text: World Rally Championship - round victories[edit]

text: In 1973, a 240Z, in the hands of Shekhar Mehta, won the 21st East African Safari Rally.[3]

text:
No.

Event

Season

Driver

Co-driver

Car

1

 21st East African Safari Rally

1973

 Shekhar Mehta

 Lofty Drews

Datsun 240Z

text:
Datsun 260Z
OverviewManufacturer
NissanAlso called
Nissan Fairlady ZProduction
1974-19781974 (US)Body and chassisClass
Sports carBody style
3-door coupé  3-door 2+2 coupéLayout
FR layoutPowertrainEngine
2.6 L L26 I6Transmission
5 or 4-speed manual3-speed automaticDimensionsWheelbase
2,300 mm (90.6 in) [4]  2,604 mm (102.5 in) (2+2) [5]Length
4,140 mm (163.0 in) [4]  4,445 mm (175.0 in) (2+2) [5]Width
1,626 mm (64.0 in) [4]Height
1,283 mm (50.5 in) [4]Curb weight
1,100 kg (2,425.1 lb) [4]  1,200 kg (2,645.5 lb) (2+2) [5]ChronologyPredecessor
Datsun 240ZSuccessor
Datsun 280Z

text: The 260Z was sold in the United States for the 1974 model year only, but was available in other countries until 1978. The engine was enlarged .2 L to 2.6 L by lengthening its stroke. In the US, federal emissions regulations forced a reduction in ignition timing and compression ratio, resulting in a lower power output (140 hp)[citation needed] for the 260Z despite the additional displacement, whereas in other countries the power output increased to 165 bhp (123 kW; 167 PS). There was also a 1974.5 model sold through the second half of 1974 in the US that had the full 165 bhp (123 kW; 167 PS) with the addition of the larger 5 mph safety bumpers, that would become the standard for the 280Z.

text: A four-speed or 5 speed (non US) manual remained standard equipment, with a three-speed automatic transmission optional.

text: A 2+2 model built on a 11.9 in (302 mm) longer wheelbase was introduced, with larger opening quarter panel windows and a slightly notched roofline.

text: The 260Z claimed a few updates and improvements over the 240Z. The climate controls were more sensibly laid out and easier to work, and those cars with air conditioning now had the A/C system integrated into the main climate control panel. There was also additional stiffness in the chassis due to a redesign of the chassis rails which were larger and extended further back than previous models. A rear sway bar was added as well. The 260Z debuted a redesigned dashboard and console, as well as new seat trim, and door panels for the interior.  The tail lights were updated, moving the back up lights from the main tail light housing to the back panel.  Early 1974 US 260Z models had bumpers that resembled those of the earlier 240Z, though increased slightly in size, pushed away from the body somewhat, and wearing black rubber bumper guards rather that the previous chrome bumper guards with rubber strips.  These early cars still had the front turn signals located below the bumpers. Late 1974 U.S. 260Z models (often referred to as 1974.5 models) carried the heavier bumpers that would remain on the 1975-76 model years of the 280Z so as to be in compliance with United States bumper legislation in 1973. These late cars had the front turn signals relocated to the outer edges of the front grill, above the bumper.

text: Specifications[edit]

text:
Engine: 2.6 L (160 cu in) L26 I6, cast-iron block, alloy head, two valve per cylinder, seven-bearing crankshaft, single overhead camshaft[2]
Displacement: 156.6 cu in (2,565 cc)
Bore:	83.0 mm (3.27 in)
Stroke: 79.0 mm (3.11 in)
Compression ratio: 8.3:1[2] (93 oct)
Fuel system: Mechanical fuel pump, twin Hitachi HMB 46W[2] 1.75 in (44 mm) SU-type carburetors
Power:	162 hp (121 kW) at 5,600 rpm
Torque: 157 ft⋅lbf (213 N⋅m) at 4,400 rpm
Transmission: five-speed or four-speed manual or three-speed automatic
Brakes:
Front: 10.7 in (270 mm) discs front[2]
Rear: 9.0 in (230 mm) X 1.6 in (41 mm) drums rear, servo assisted
Total swept area:  393.7 sq in (2,540 cm2)[2]
Suspension:
Front: Independent with MacPherson struts, lower wishbones, coil springs, telescopic dampers, anti-roll bar[2]
Rear:	Independent with Chapman struts, lower wishbones, coil springs, telescopic dampers[2]
Steering:	rack and pinion, 2.8 turns lock to lock[2]
Wheels/ tires:	5.5 by 14 in (140 by 360 mm) pressed steel wheels with 195VR14 radial tyres[2]
Top speed: 127 mph (204 km/h)[2]
0 to 60 mph (97 km/h): 8.0 sec
Fuel consumption: 20 to 28 mpg‑US (11.8 to 8.4 L/100 km; 24 to 34 mpg‑imp)
Engine oil (sump): 9.0 Imp pints (5.1 liters/10.7 US pints)
Tare weight: 1,350 kg (2,980 lb)[citation needed]

text:
Datsun 280Z
OverviewManufacturer
NissanAlso called
Nissan Fairlady ZProduction
1975-1978Body and chassisClass
Sports carBody style
3-door coupé  3-door 2+2 coupéLayout
FR layoutPowertrainEngine
2.8 L L28E I6Transmission
4-speed manual ('75-'78)3-speed automatic5-speed manualDimensionsWheelbase
2,304 mm (90.7 in)Length
4,399 mm (173.2 in)Width
1,631 mm (64.2 in)Curb weight
1,304 kg (2,875 lb)ChronologyPredecessor
Datsun 260ZSuccessor
Datsun 280ZX

text: Nissan released the Datsun 280Z model for the U.S. market in the 1975 model year. In a further effort to keep the S30 models sporting in the face of increasingly stringent U.S. emission and safety requirements, engine size was again increased, this time to 2.8 L.  The L26 engine was bored out .2 L to create the L28, and a Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection system was added.

text: The 1975 and 1976 models continued to be fitted with the U.S. federally-required 5 mph (8.0 km/h) impact absorbing bumpers that were introduced for the mid-1974 model year of the 260Z. These bumpers were smooth surfaced, and blended into smooth black rubber extensions as they met the body of the car. The 1977 and 1978 models received bumpers with recessed channels added that blended into corrugated- or accordion-style black rubber extension trim. Also new for the 1977 model year, 280Zs no longer received the full-size spare tire, and instead had a "space saver" spare and a larger fuel tank. This resulted in a raised rear deck area made of fiberboard, reducing cargo space. In 1977–78 an optional five-speed manual transmission was available alongside the four-speed manual and the three-speed automatic options. It included a "5-speed" emblem on the left bottom edge of the rear hatch.  For 1977 there was also an update from the charcoal painted hubcap style (with a chrome Z floating in the amber center emblems) to a hubcap that resembled an alloy wheel, bearing a center cap with a chrome Z floating in a black circle.

text: In 1977 and 1978 respectively, Datsun offered two special edition models. The "Zap" edition was offered in 1977 as a "special decor package". Zap cars were finished in "sunshine yellow" paint, and sported black stripes down the center and sides, with yellow, red, and orange chevrons at the front ends of the stripes. An estimated 1,000 "Zap Z" cars were offered in 1977. The "Zap Z" model was also used as the pace car in the 1977 Long Beach Gran Prix. The Black Pearl edition (produced in 1978) came with black pearlescent paint and a "special appearance package" (SAP), which consisted of dual racing mirrors, rear window louvers, and a unique red and silver stripe. It is estimated that between 750-1,500 of these cars were produced.

text: Two-seat coupe 280Zs remained available throughout the 1975–1978 model year run of the 280Z. The S30 series was replaced in 1979 by the Nissan S130.

text: Specifications[edit]

text:
Engine: 2.8 L (170 cu in) L28E I6, cast-iron block, alloy head, seven-bearing crankshaft, single overhead camshaft
Displacement: 168 cu in (2,753 cc)
Bore:	86.1 mm (3.39 in)
Stroke: 79.0 mm (3.11 in)
Fuel system: electric fuel pump, Bosch L-Jetronic fuel injection
Compression ratio: 8.3:1
Power: 170 hp (127 kW) at 5,600 rpm
Torque: 163 ft⋅lbf (221 N⋅m) at 4,400 rpm
Transmission: four-speed manual, five-speed manual, three-speed automatic
Final drive ratio: 3.55:1

text: Fairlady[edit]

text: The Fairlady Z was introduced in late 1969 as a 1970 model, with the L20 2.0-litre straight-6 SOHC engine, rear-wheel drive, and a stylish coupe body. The engine, based on the Datsun 510's 4-cylinder, produced 130 hp (96 kW) and came with a 4-speed manual transmission

text: Fairlady ZG[edit]

text: The Japan-only HS30-H Nissan Fairlady ZG was released in Japan in October 1971 to homologate the 240Z for Group 4 racing. Differences between the Fairlady ZG and an export market Datsun 240Z include an extended fiberglass ‘aero-dyna’ nose, wider over-fenders riveted to the body, a rear spoiler, acrylic glass headlight covers and fender-mounted rear-view mirrors. The Fairlady ZG was available in three colours: Grande Prix Red, Grande Prix White and Grande Prix Maroon. The "G" in Fairlady ZG stands for "Grande." Although the ZG was not sold in the USA and was never sold outside Japan, in order for it to be eligible for competition in the U.S., Nissan sold the nose kit as a dealer's option which is known as the "G-nose". With the nose added, these 240Zs are often referred to as 240ZGs, outside Japan.

text: Fairlady Z432[edit]

text: Packaging the 160 hp (119 kW) S20 engine (originally designed by the former Prince engineers) from the Skyline GT-R created a faster Fairlady. The Z432 (PS30) referred to 4 valves per cylinder, 3 Mikuni carburetors, and 2 camshafts. Approximately 420 were built.[6] Some were used by the police in Japan.

text: Fairlady Z432R[edit]

text: A Japan-only model Fairlady Z equipped with the twin cam 2.0 L inline 6-cylinder "S20" engine shared with the KPGC10 Skyline GT-R was released in the JDM Market for homologation purposes (the car was a rally car). The Z432R was orange with black aluminum wheels and a low luster black hood. Z432R had lighter front guards, doors, and bonnet, as well as further engine enhancements compared to the Z432.

text: Racing[edit]

text: The Z was very successful in SCCA racing in the 1970s: Bob Sharp Racing out of Wilton, Connecticut with Sharp, Elliot Forbes-Robinson and later Paul Newman as some of his drivers; and Brock Racing Enterprises (BRE) in the western US with John Morton driving a Datsun 510 and 240Z (#46). Other drivers, such as Clearwater Florida (and later Maryland) racer Don Kearney had much success with the Z-car between 1970 and 1978. The Z is also credited as a catalyst for the import performance parts industry. Nissan also supported and was associated with Bob Bondurant's race driving school from its inception.

text: In 2013 Nissan claimed its 97th SCCA national championship victory with Greg Ira at the wheel of his orange #2 RevTech 240Z.[7] On his way to his championship Ira set several road course records in SCCA's E Production class, beginning in 2006, including:

text:
•	Daytona International Speedway, Florida[8]
•	Heartland Park, Kansas
•	Homestead-Miami Speedway, Florida
•	Palm Beach International Raceway, Florida
•	Road America, Wisconsin
•	Sebring International Raceway, Florida
•	Virginia International Raceway, Virginia[9]

text: Ira was awarded SCCA's prestigious Kimberly Cup in 2008.[10] Previous Kimberly Cup recipients include Bob Holbert, Roger Penske, Mark Donohue, and Peter Revson.

text: On September 27, 2015, Greg Ira won his second (and Nissan's 98th) SCCA National Championship, in his EP2 Revtech/Ztrix.com 240Z, at Daytona International Speedway.[11]

text: Relaunch attempts[edit]

text: From 1997 to 2002, Nissan did not offer the Z-car line except in Japan where they sold the 300ZX (Z32) until 2000 as the Fairlady Z. In 1998, Nissan launched a program to bring back the Z-car line by first purchasing original 240Zs, then restoring them to factory specifications, and finally selling them to dealerships for $24,000. This was an effort to keep Z-car interest alive. Nissan over-estimated the market for the cars and low demand (and the high price) meant that less than fifty cars were re-manufactured and sold.  Furthermore, in 1999, a concept car was shown to the public in a plan to return to the fundamentals that made the 240Z a market success.


document_title: Estimated number of guns per capita by country

question_text: how many guns are in the united states

question_tokens: how many guns are in the united states

text: List of countries by estimated number of guns per capita[edit]

text: Data was acquired by GunPolicy.org and are mainly based on second-hand surveys from 2007 (Karp, Aaron. 2007. "Completing the Count: Civilian firearms - Annexe online." Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 27 August) and 1999 (United Nations. 1999. "Analysis of Country Responses." United Nations International Study on Firearm Regulation.) Updated figures are calculated figures by gunpolicy.org.[4] The figures cited are estimates for "private gun ownership (both licit and illicit)".

text: Italics in this list indicate there are several states with limited recognition.

text:
Rank
Country
Guns per 100
residents
Notes

1
 United States
101[5][6]
According to the Congressional Research Service, as of 2009[update] there were roughly twice as many guns per capita in the United States as there were in 1968: more than 300 million guns in all.[5][7]

2
 Serbia
58.21[8]

3
 Yemen
54.8

4
 Cyprus
36.4[9]

5
 Saudi Arabia
35

6
 Iraq
34.2

7
 Uruguay
31.8

8
 Norway
31.3

9
 France
31.2

10
 Canada
30.8

11
 Austria
30.4
The source for this number is a WFSA white paper from 2000,[1] which in turn cites "Personal communication from the head of Austrian Arms Traders Assoziation",[10] actual number may vary significantly.

12
 Iceland
30.3

13
 Germany
30.3

14
 Finland
27.3
1.5 million guns in 2016 in the official registry [11]

15
 Oman
25.5

16
 Bahrain
24.8

17
 Kuwait
24.8

18
  Switzerland
24.45
figures from 2016[12]

19
 Republic of Macedonia
24.1

20
 Australia
24.1[13]
The state of Tasmania has the highest gun ownership in Australia with 28 legal firearms for every 100 people.[14]

21
 Montenegro
23.1

22
 New Zealand
22.6

23
 Greece
22.5

24
 United Arab Emirates
22.1

25
 Croatia
21.7

26
 Panama
21.7

27
 Sweden
21
According to the Swedish National Police Agency in 2006, there were a total of 656,000 individuals who had a license for one or more guns;[15] 6.5% of the population. There were 2,032,000 guns or 21 guns per 100 residents. Of the 2,032,000 guns, 959,000 were rifles, 726,000 shotguns, 122,000 combination rifles, 88,000 pistols, 55,000 revolvers, 3,000 automatic guns and 78,000 weapons parts.

28
 Lebanon
21

29
 Equatorial Guinea
19.9

30
 Qatar
19.2

31
 Latvia
19

32
 Peru
18.8

33
 Angola
17.3

34
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
17.3

35
 Belgium
17.2

36
 Paraguay
17

37
 Czech Republic
16.3

38
 Thailand
15.6

39
 Libya
15.5

40
 Luxembourg
15.3

41
 Mexico
15

42
 Mauritius
14.7

43
 Guyana
14.6

44
 Gabon
14

45
 Slovenia
13.5

46
 Suriname
13.4

47
 Guatemala
13.1

48
 South Africa
12.7

49
 Namibia
12.6

50
 Armenia
12.5

51
 Turkey
12.5

52
 Denmark
12

53
 Italy
11.9

54
 Malta
11.9

55
 Pakistan
11.6

56
 Jordan
11.5

57
 Chile
10.7

58
 Venezuela
10.7
The number displayed in this table is very likely a significant underestimation. The actual number of guns per 100 persons may vary to more, with an unestimated number of illegal firearms held by civilians, around to 9 to 15 million.[16]

59
 Spain
10.4

60
 Argentina
10.2

-
World
10.2

61
 Belize
10

62
 Costa Rica
9.9

63
 Estonia
9.2

64
 Somalia
9.1

65
 Transnistria
9.1

66
 Russia
8.9

67
 Zambia
8.9

68
 Albania
8.6

69
 Portugal
8.5

70
 Slovakia
8.3

71
 Jamaica
8.1

72
 Brazil
8

73
 Barbados
7.8

74
 Nicaragua
7.7

75
 Algeria
7.6

76
 Belarus
7.3

77
 Georgia
7.3

78
 Iran
7.3

79
 Israel
7.3

80
 Moldova
7.1

81
 Ukraine
6.6

82
 United Kingdom
6.2
Data for England and Wales only

83
 Maldives
6.5

84
 Kenya
6.4

85
 Swaziland
6.4

86
 Bulgaria
6.2

87
 Honduras
6.2

88
 Colombia
5.9

89
 El Salvador
5.8

90
 Hungary
5.5

91
 Sudan
 South Sudan
5.5

92
 Cape Verde
5.4

93
 Seychelles
5.4

94
 Bahamas
5.3

95
 Dominican Republic
5.1

96
 Mozambique
5.1

97
 Morocco
5

98
 Botswana
4.9

99
 China
4.9

100
 Cuba
4.8

101
 Philippines
4.7

102
 Afghanistan
4.6

103
 Republic of China (Taiwan)
4.6

104
 Zimbabwe
4.6

105
 Cambodia
4.3

106
 Ireland
4.3

107
 India
4.2

108
 Myanmar
4

109
 Netherlands
3.9

110
 Syria
3.9

111
 Turkmenistan
3.8

112
 Azerbaijan
3.5

113
 Egypt
3.5

114
 Bhutan
3.5

115
 Palestine
3.4

116
 Bolivia
2.8

117
 Cameroon
2.8

118
 Djibouti
2.8

119
 Congo
2.7

120
 Lesotho
2.7

121
 Côte d'Ivoire
2.4

122
 Senegal
2

123
 Mongolia
1.9

124
 Comoros
1.8

125
 Vietnam
1.7

126
 Guinea-Bissau
1.6

127
 Liberia
1.6

128
 Mauritania
1.6

129
 Trinidad and Tobago
1.6

130
 Malaysia
1.5

131
 Nigeria
1.5

132
 Sri Lanka
1.5

133
 Uzbekistan
1.5

134
 Benin
1.4

135
 Brunei
1.4

136
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
1.4

137
 Tanzania
1.4

138
 Uganda
1.4

139
 Ecuador
1.3

140
 Kazakhstan
1.3

141
 Poland
1.3
According to police statistics there was 1 gun per 100 people as of 2015.[17]

142
 Burundi
1.2

143
 Laos
1.2

144
 Guinea
1.2

145
 Papua New Guinea
1.2

146
 Burkina Faso
1.1

147
 Chad
1.1

148
 South Korea
1.1

149
 Mali
1.1

150
 Central African Republic
1

151
 Tajikistan
1

152
 Togo
1

153
 Kyrgyzstan
0.9

154
 Gambia
0.8

155
 Madagascar
0.8

156
   Nepal
0.8

157
 Lithuania
0.7

158
 Malawi
0.7

159
 Niger
0.7

160
 Romania
0.7

161
 Haiti
0.6

162
 Japan
0.6

163
 North Korea
0.6

164
 Rwanda
0.6

165
 Sierra Leone
0.6

166
 Bangladesh
0.5

167
 Eritrea
0.5

168
 Fiji
0.5

169
 Indonesia
0.5

170
 Singapore
0.5

171
 Ethiopia
0.4

172
 Ghana
0.4

173
 Solomon Islands
0.4

174
 Timor-Leste
0.3

175
 Tunisia
0.1


document_title: List of countries by life expectancy

question_text: where does the us rank globally in life expectancy

text: List of countries by life expectancy

text: Methodology[edit]

text: Life expectancy equals the average number of years a person born in a given country is expected to live if mortality rates at each age were to remain steady in the future. The life expectancy is shown separately for males and females, as well as a combined figure. Several non-sovereign entities are also included in this list.

text: The figures reflect the quality of healthcare in the countries listed as well as other factors including ongoing wars, obesity, and HIV infections.[citation needed]

text: Worldwide, the average life expectancy at birth was 70.5 years (68 years and 4 months for males and 72 years and 8 months for females) over the period 2010–2015 according to United Nations World Population Prospects 2015 Revision,[3] or 69 years (67 years for males and 71.1 years for females) for 2016 according to The World Factbook.[4] According to the 2015 World Health Organization (WHO) data, women on average live longer than men in all major regions and in all individual countries except for Mali and Swaziland.[3]

text: The countries with the lowest overall life expectancies per the WHO are Sierra Leone, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea-Bissau, Lesotho, Somalia, Swaziland, Angola, Chad, Mali, Burundi, Cameroon, and Mozambique. Of those countries, only Lesotho, Swaziland, and Mozambique in 2011 were suffering from an HIV prevalence rate of greater than 10 percent in the 15–49 age group.[5]

text: Comparing life expectancies from birth across countries can be problematic. There are differing definitions of live birth vs stillbirth even among more developed countries and less developed countries often have poor reporting.[6]

text: Republic of China (Taiwan)'s data is not included in the following WHO statistics since it is not regarded as a sovereign nation but rather a province of the People's Republic of China under One-China Policy. According to the Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of China, the life expectancy of the 23.5-million Taiwanese people reached 80.2 years in 2015, up from 79.84 years in 2014. The life expectancy of Taiwanese males averaged 77.01, while that of females reached 83.62, both of which were record highs.[7]

text: Hong Kong is a territory with the world's highest life expectancy according to the Hong Kong Department of Health, whose life expectancy reached 84.0 years in 2015 (with men at 81.2 years and women at 87.3 years) surpassing Japan's 83.7 years. The data is not included in the following WHO statistics as a separate entity since Hong Kong is a Special Administrative Region of China, and is not itself a member of the WHO.[8]

text: List by the World Health Organization (2015)[edit]

text: 2015 data[9] published in May 2016.[10]

text: HALE: Health-adjusted life expectancy[11]

text:
Country and regions
Both sexes
rank
Both sexes life
expectancy
Female
rank
Female life
expectancy
Male
rank
Male life
expectancy
Both sexes
rank (HALE)
Both sexes life
expectancy (HALE)

 Japan
1
83.7
1
86.8
6
80.5
1
74.9

  Switzerland
2
83.4
6
85.3
1
81.3
4
73.1

 Singapore
3
83.1
2
86.1
10
80.0
2
73.9

 Australia
4
82.8
7
84.8
3
80.9
15
71.9

 Spain
4
82.8
3
85.5
9
80.1
9
72.4

 Iceland
6
82.7
10
84.1
2
81.2
7
72.7

 Italy
6
82.7
7
84.8
6
80.5
5
72.8

 Israel
8
82.5
9
84.3
5
80.6
5
72.8

 Sweden
9
82.4
12
84.0
4
80.7
12
72.0

 France
9
82.4
5
85.4
16
79.4
8
72.6

 South Korea
11
82.3
3
85.5
20
78.8
3
73.2

 Canada
12
82.2
10
84.1
8
80.2
10
72.3

 Luxembourg
13
82.0
12
84.0
13
79.8
17
71.8

 Netherlands
14
81.9
20
83.6
10
80.0
11
72.2

 Norway
15
81.8
17
83.7
13
79.8
12
72.0

 Malta
16
81.7
17
83.7
15
79.7
18
71.7

 New Zealand
17
81.6
26
83.3
10
80.0
19
71.6

 Austria
18
81.5
14
83.9
19
79.0
12
72.0

 Ireland
19
81.4
23
83.4
16
79.4
20
71.5

 United Kingdom
20
81.2
27
83.0
16
79.4
21
71.4

 Belgium
21
81.1
22
83.5
22
78.6
26
71.1

 Finland
21
81.1
16
83.8
24
78.3
28
71.0

 Portugal
21
81.1
14
83.9
27
78.2
21
71.4

 Germany
24
81.0
23
83.4
21
78.7
23
71.3

 Greece
24
81.0
20
83.6
24
78.3
15
71.9

 Slovenia
26
80.8
17
83.7
28
77.9
26
71.1

 Denmark
27
80.6
29
82.5
22
78.6
25
71.2

 Cyprus
28
80.5
28
82.7
24
78.3
23
71.3

 Chile
28
80.5
23
83.4
29
77.4
29
70.4

 Costa Rica
30
79.6
30
82.2
31
77.1
31
69.7

 United States
31
79.3
33
81.6
32
76.9
36
69.1

 Cuba
32
79.1
34
81.4
32
76.9
35
69.2

 Czech Republic
33
78.8
32
81.7
38
75.9
33
69.4

 Maldives
34
78.5
41
80.2
32
76.9
32
69.6

 Qatar
35
78.2
43
80.0
29
77.4
47
67.7

 Croatia
36
78.0
36
81.2
42
74.7
33
69.4

 Albania
37
77.8
38
80.7
39
75.1
38
68.8

 Panama
37
77.8
37
81.1
42
74.7
42
68.1

 Brunei
39
77.7
47
79.2
36
76.3
29
70.4

 Estonia
40
77.6
31
82.0
65
72.7
37
68.9

 Poland
41
77.5
35
81.3
52
73.6
39
68.7

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
42
77.4
45
79.7
40
75.0
40
68.6

 United Arab Emirates
43
77.1
57
78.6
35
76.4
44
67.9

 Uruguay
44
77.0
40
80.4
56
73.3
44
67.9

 Bahrain
45
76.9
71
77.9
37
76.2
55
67.0

 Mexico
46
76.7
46
79.5
48
73.9
52
67.4

 Slovakia
46
76.7
41
80.2
62
72.9
42
68.1

 Oman
48
76.6
47
79.2
40
75.0
63
66.7

 Antigua and Barbuda
49
76.4
57
78.6
46
74.1
50
67.5

 Argentina
50
76.3
44
79.9
65
72.7
49
67.6

 Jamaica
51
76.2
57
78.6
48
73.9
58
66.9

 Ecuador
51
76.2
53
79.0
53
73.5
55
67.0

 China
53
76.1
80
77.6
44
74.6
41
68.5

 Montenegro
53
76.1
65
78.1
46
74.1
44
67.9

 Bahamas
53
76.1
50
79.1
62
72.9
65
66.6

 Vietnam
56
76.0
38
80.7
81
71.3
65
66.6

 Hungary
57
75.9
50
79.1
71
72.3
52
67.4

 Turkey
58
75.8
54
78.9
68
72.6
73
66.2

 Macedonia
59
75.7
76
77.8
53
73.5
50
67.5

 Algeria
60
75.6
81
77.5
50
73.8
75
66.0

 Serbia
60
75.6
61
78.4
62
72.9
47
67.7

 Iran
62
75.5
86
76.6
45
74.5
65
66.6

 Peru
62
75.5
66
78.0
59
73.1
80
65.6

 Barbados
62
75.5
71
77.9
59
73.1
65
66.6

 Tunisia
65
75.3
76
77.8
61
73.0
63
66.7

 Saint Lucia
66
75.2
71
77.9
68
72.6
74
66.1

 Malaysia
67
75.0
83
77.3
65
72.7
70
66.5

 Romania
67
75.0
55
78.8
78
71.4
59
66.8

 Brazil
67
75.0
56
78.7
78
71.4
81
65.5

 Lebanon
70
74.9
87
76.5
53
73.5
79
65.7

 Thailand
70
74.9
66
78.0
74
71.9
59
66.8

 Sri Lanka
70
74.9
63
78.3
75
71.6
55
67.0

 Armenia
73
74.8
79
77.7
75
71.6
59
66.8

 Nicaragua
73
74.8
71
77.9
77
71.5
103
63.7

 Colombia
73
74.8
61
78.4
84
71.2
85
65.1

 Kuwait
76
74.7
93
76.0
51
73.7
78
65.8

 Honduras
77
74.6
85
77.0
71
72.3
90
64.9

 Mauritius
77
74.6
76
77.8
78
71.4
59
66.8

 Latvia
77
74.6
47
79.2
95
69.6
54
67.1

 Saudi Arabia
80
74.5
93
76.0
58
73.2
96
64.5

 Bulgaria
80
74.5
66
78.0
86
71.1
72
66.4

 Georgia
82
74.4
63
78.3
91
70.3
70
66.5

 Morocco
83
74.3
99
75.4
56
73.3
90
64.9

 Jordan
84
74.1
96
75.9
70
72.5
88
65.0

 Venezuela
84
74.1
60
78.5
94
70.0
83
65.2

 Paraguay
86
74.0
93
76.0
73
72.2
83
65.2

 Samoa
86
74.0
81
77.5
87
70.9
65
66.6

 Dominican Republic
88
73.9
84
77.1
87
70.9
85
65.1

 Grenada
89
73.6
91
76.1
84
71.2
88
65.0

 Lithuania
89
73.6
50
79.1
104
68.1
75
66.0

 Tonga
91
73.5
88
76.4
89
70.6
75
66.0

 El Salvador
91
73.5
71
77.9
99
68.8
98
64.1

 Cape Verde
93
73.3
103
75.0
81
71.3
97
64.4

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
94
73.2
100
75.2
81
71.3
94
64.6

 Seychelles
94
73.2
66
78.0
98
69.1
81
65.5

 Libya
96
72.7
98
75.6
92
70.1
101
63.8

 Azerbaijan
96
72.7
97
75.8
95
69.6
93
64.7

 Belarus
98
72.3
66
78.0
119
66.5
85
65.1

 Moldova
99
72.1
90
76.2
106
67.9
92
64.8

 Vanuatu
100
72.0
107
74.0
92
70.1
94
64.6

 Guatemala
101
71.9
100
75.2
102
68.5
116
62.1

 Bangladesh
102
71.8
113
73.1
89
70.6
111
62.3

 Suriname
103
71.6
105
74.7
101
68.6
107
63.1

 Ukraine
104
71.3
91
76.1
120
66.3
98
64.1

 Trinidad and Tobago
105
71.2
104
74.8
106
67.9
104
63.3

 Kyrgyzstan
106
71.1
102
75.1
111
67.2
101
63.8

 Egypt
107
70.9
111
73.2
99
68.8
113
62.2

 Bolivia
108
70.7
110
73.3
103
68.2
113
62.2

 North Korea
109
70.6
107
74.0
113
67.0
100
64.0

 Russia
110
70.5
89
76.3
127
64.7
104
63.3

 Kazakhstan
111
70.2
105
74.7
123
65.7
104
63.3

 Belize
112
70.1
113
73.1
110
67.5
111
62.3

 Fiji
113
69.9
113
73.1
113
67.0
108
62.9

 Bhutan
114
69.8
126
70.1
97
69.5
120
61.2

 Tajikistan
115
69.7
109
73.6
116
66.6
116
62.1

 Micronesia
116
69.4
124
70.6
104
68.1
109
62.5

 Uzbekistan
116
69.4
116
72.7
122
66.1
110
62.4

 Solomon Islands
118
69.2
121
70.8
106
67.9
116
62.1

   Nepal
118
69.2
121
70.8
109
67.7
121
61.1

 Indonesia
120
69.1
119
71.2
112
67.1
113
62.2

 Iraq
121
68.9
118
71.8
121
66.2
124
60.0

 Mongolia
122
68.8
111
73.2
127
64.7
119
62.0

 Cambodia
123
68.7
123
70.7
116
66.6
130
58.9

 Philippines
124
68.5
117
72.0
126
65.3
121
61.1

 India
125
68.3
128
69.9
115
66.9
126
59.5

 Timor-Leste
125
68.3
126
70.1
116
66.6
123
60.7

 Sao Tome and Principe
127
67.5
130
69.4
124
65.6
128
59.1

 Senegal
128
66.7
132
68.6
130
64.6
132
58.3

 Myanmar
129
66.6
133
68.5
130
64.6
127
59.2

 Pakistan
130
66.4
137
67.5
125
65.5
134
57.8

 Kiribati
131
66.3
131
68.8
136
63.7
128
59.1

 Turkmenistan
131
66.3
125
70.5
143
62.2
125
59.8

 Guyana
133
66.2
133
68.5
134
63.9
130
58.9

 Rwanda
134
66.1
120
71.1
150
60.9
140
56.6

 Gabon
135
66.0
138
67.2
127
64.7
137
57.2

 Namibia
136
65.8
135
68.3
139
63.1
136
57.5

 Yemen
137
65.7
138
67.2
132
64.3
135
57.7

 Laos
137
65.7
138
67.2
133
64.1
133
57.9

 Botswana
137
65.7
136
68.1
137
63.3
138
56.9

 Madagascar
140
65.5
141
67.0
134
63.9
138
56.9

 Ethiopia
141
64.8
143
66.8
140
62.8
143
56.1

 Congo
142
64.7
144
66.3
138
63.2
140
56.6

 Eritrea
142
64.7
141
67.0
141
62.4
145
55.9

 Syria
144
64.5
128
69.9
154
59.9
143
56.1

 Sudan
145
64.1
146
65.9
141
62.4
145
55.9

 Comoros
146
63.5
151
65.2
144
61.9
145
55.9

 Djibouti
146
63.5
150
65.3
145
61.8
148
55.8

 Haiti
146
63.5
148
65.5
147
61.5
150
55.4

 Kenya
149
63.4
147
65.8
148
61.1
149
55.6

 Mauritania
150
63.1
153
64.6
146
61.6
152
55.1

 Papua New Guinea
151
62.9
149
65.4
152
60.6
142
56.4

 South Africa
151
62.9
145
66.2
158
59.3
153
54.5

 Ghana
153
62.4
155
63.9
149
61.0
151
55.3

 Uganda
154
62.3
154
64.3
153
60.3
156
54.0

 Niger
155
61.8
158
62.8
150
60.9
154
54.2

 Tanzania
155
61.8
156
63.8
154
59.9
155
54.1

 Zambia
155
61.8
152
64.7
161
59.0
158
53.6

 Liberia
158
61.4
157
62.9
156
59.8
160
52.7

 Gambia
159
61.1
159
62.5
156
59.8
157
53.8

 Zimbabwe
160
60.7
160
62.3
161
59.0
163
52.3

 Afghanistan
161
60.5
161
61.9
158
59.3
164
52.2

 Benin
162
60.0
164
61.1
163
58.8
162
52.5

 Burkina Faso
163
59.9
167
60.5
160
59.1
161
52.6

 Togo
163
59.9
164
61.1
164
58.6
159
52.8

 DR Congo
165
59.8
163
61.5
165
58.3
166
51.7

 Burundi
166
59.6
162
61.6
168
57.7
164
52.2

 Guinea
167
59.0
171
59.8
166
58.2
166
51.7

 Guinea-Bissau
168
58.9
167
60.5
169
57.2
168
51.5

 Swaziland
168
58.9
164
61.1
171
56.6
172
50.9

 Malawi
170
58.3
170
59.9
170
56.7
169
51.2

 Mali
171
58.2
175
58.3
166
58.2
171
51.1

 Equatorial Guinea
171
58.2
169
60.0
171
56.6
169
51.2

 Mozambique
173
57.6
172
59.4
175
55.7
175
49.6

 South Sudan
174
57.3
173
58.6
173
56.1
174
49.9

 Cameroon
174
57.3
173
58.6
174
55.9
173
50.3

 Somalia
176
55.0
176
56.6
176
53.5
176
47.8

 Nigeria
177
54.5
177
55.6
177
53.4
177
47.7

 Lesotho
178
53.7
178
55.4
179
51.7
179
46.6

 Cote d'Ivoire
179
53.3
180
54.4
178
52.3
178
47.0

 Chad
180
53.1
179
54.5
179
51.7
180
46.1

 Central African Republic
181
52.5
181
54.1
181
50.9
181
45.9

 Angola
182
52.4
182
54.0
181
50.9
182
45.8

 Sierra Leone
183
50.1
183
50.8
183
49.3
183
44.4

text: List by the United Nations, for 2010–2015[edit]

text: On July 2015, the Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA), released World Population Prospects, The 2015 Revision.[3] The following table shows the life expectancy at birth for the period 2010 to 2015.

text:
Over 80
  77.5–80.0
  75.0–77.5
  72.5–75.0
  70.0–72.5
  67.5–70.0
  65.0–67.5

  60–65
  55–60
  50–55
  45–50
  Under 45
  not available

text:
Life expectancy at birth (years), UN World Population Prospects 2015

Rank
State/Territory
Overall
Male
Female

1
 Japan
83.74
80.91
86.58

2
 Italy
83.31
80.00
86.49

3
  Switzerland
82.84
80.27
85.23

4
 Singapore
82.66
80.43
84.74

5
 Israel
82.64
79.59
85.61

6
 Iceland
82.30
80.73
83.84

7
 Spain
82.28
79.42
85.05

8
 Australia
83.42
80.33
86.56

9
 Hong Kong
82.07
80.18
83.82

10
 Sweden
81.93
80.10
83.71

11
 France (metropol.)
81.85
78.76
84.87

12
 Canada
81.78
79.69
83.78

13
 New Zealand
81.56
79.71
83.35

14
 South Korea
81.43
77.95
84.63

15
 Luxembourg
81.34
78.94
83.65

16
 Norway
81.32
79.22
83.38

17
 Netherlands
81.31
79.36
83.14

18
 Chile
81.21
78.09
84.12

19
 Martinique ( France)
81.18
77.79
84.36

20
 Austria
81.09
78.47
83.59

21
 Germany
80.66
78.18
83.06

22
 Greece
80.60
77.64
83.60

23
 Ireland
80.57
78.40
82.74

24
 Guadeloupe ( France)
80.56
76.83
83.98

25
 Portugal
80.55
77.43
83.50

26=
 Belgium
80.53
77.95
83.02

26=
 Finland
80.53
77.60
83.40

28=
Channel Islands ( UK)
80.45
78.45
82.39

28=
 United Kingdom
80.45
78.45
82.39

30=
 Malta
80.30
78.55
81.98

30=
 Macau
80.30
78.07
82.51

32
 Slovenia
80.08
76.92
83.14

33
 U.S. Virgin Islands ( US)
80.06
77.24
82.92

34
 Denmark
79.99
78.00
81.94

35
 Cyprus
79.90
77.69
82.17

36
 Réunion ( France)
79.54
76.04
82.90

37
 Mayotte ( France)
79.34
76.04
82.90

38
 Taiwan
79.26
76.43
82.30

39
 Puerto Rico ( US)
79.22
75.19
83.17

40=
 Costa Rica
79.16
76.70
81.69

40=
 Cuba
79.16
77.10
81.27

42
 French Guiana ( France)
78.98
75.75
82.58

43
 United States
78.88
76.47
81.25

44
 Lebanon
78.86
77.14
80.87

45
 Guam ( US)
78.72
76.14
81.47

46
 Brunei
78.44
76.64
80.39

47
 Czech Republic
78.35
75.36
81.27

48
 Qatar
77.89
77.10
79.68

49
 Curaçao ( Netherlands)
77.77
74.50
80.70

50
 Albania
77.49
75.04
80.19

51
 Panama
77.32
74.34
80.49

52
 Poland
77.14
73.06
81.14

53
 Croatia
77.05
73.64
80.38

54
 Uruguay
76.96
73.25
80.44

55
 United Arab Emirates
76.67
76.02
78.23

56
 Estonia
76.52
71.57
81.05

57
 Mexico
76.48
74.04
78.93

58
 Bahrain
76.38
75.58
77.42

59
 Maldives
76.36
75.40
77.41

60
 Oman
76.33
74.66
78.85

61
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
76.26
73.71
78.82

62
 New Caledonia ( France)
76.19
73.55
79.31

63
 French Polynesia ( France)
76.12
73.97
78.55

64
 Slovakia
76.04
72.24
79.73

65
 Montenegro
76.02
73.83
78.18

66
 Argentina
76.01
72.15
79.83

67
 Antigua and Barbuda
75.82
73.29
78.21

68
 Vietnam
75.57
70.73
80.31

69
 Ecuador
75.54
72.82
78.37

70
 Jamaica
75.44
73.07
77.89

71
 China
75.43
73.97
77.02

72
 Aruba ( Netherlands)
75.39
72.89
77.76

73
 Barbados
75.37
72.91
77.71

74
 Republic of Macedonia
75.16
72.87
77.48

75
 Bahamas
75.15
72.02
78.09

76
 Iran
75.06
73.98
76.22

77
 Hungary
74.98
71.23
78.54

78
 Turkey
74.84
71.53
78.12

79
 Saint Lucia
74.81
72.17
77.57

80
 Serbia
74.65
71.83
77.50

81=
 Sri Lanka
74.64
71.24
78.03

81=
 Georgia
74.64
70.91
78.14

83
 Tunisia
74.60
72.30
77.04

84
 Armenia
74.56
70.74
78.39

85
 Malaysia
74.50
72.21
76.88

86
 Nicaragua
74.47
71.38
77.48

87
 Romania
74.46
70.92
78.07

88
 Algeria
74.42
72.14
76.84

89
 Kuwait
74.28
73.34
75.56

90=
 Mauritius
74.15
70.67
77.74

90=
 Peru
74.15
71.54
76.84

92
 Thailand
74.14
70.83
77.58

93
 Saudi Arabia
74.08
72.82
75.47

94
 Brazil
74.05
70.29
77.86

95
 Bulgaria
74.04
70.64
77.56

96=
 Venezuela
73.95
69.93
78.24

96=
 Latvia
73.95
68.85
78.68

98
 Jordan
73.79
72.21
75.52

99
 Colombia
73.75
70.19
77.39

100
 Morocco
73.61
72.60
74.62

101
 Dominican Republic
73.19
70.16
76.45

102
 Grenada
73.17
70.78
75.59

103
 Lithuania
73.07
67.39
78.78

104
 Samoa
73.02
70.02
76.39

105
 Cape Verde
72.97
71.05
74.65

106
 Seychelles
72.94
68.69
77.91

107
 Honduras
72.83
70.39
75.40

108
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
72.75
70.70
74.90

109
 Paraguay
72.74
70.70
74.92

110
 Palestine
72.65
70.74
74.66

111
 El Salvador
72.64
67.89
77.08

112
 Tonga
72.60
69.72
75.56

113
 Vanuatu
71.48
69.59
73.60

114=
 Libya
71.47
68.79
74.41

114=
 Guatemala
71.47
67.92
74.98

116
 Moldova
71.33
67.22
75.43

117
 Belarus
71.08
65.29
76.97

118
 Bangladesh
71.01
69.85
72.26

119
 Suriname
70.90
67.81
74.18

120
 Egypt
70.84
68.71
73.05

121
 Ukraine
70.76
65.73
75.67

122
 Azerbaijan
70.62
67.54
73.77

123
 Kyrgyzstan
70.26
66.35
74.29

124
 Trinidad and Tobago
70.23
66.87
73.84

125
 North Korea
69.91
66.30
73.27

126
 Russia
69.83
64.15
75.55

127
 Belize
69.76
67.19
72.72

128
 Fiji
69.72
66.93
72.89

129
 Syria
69.51
63.98
76.26

130
 Iraq
69.19
66.99
71.44

131=
 Tajikistan
69.07
65.90
72.84

131=
 Kazakhstan
69.07
64.29
73.87

133
   Nepal
69.03
67.64
70.45

134
 Federated States of Micronesia
68.93
67.99
69.85

135
 Mongolia
68.89
64.76
73.29

136
 Bhutan
68.88
68.63
69.09

137
 Indonesia
68.59
66.61
70.70

138
 Uzbekistan
68.25
64.90
71.61

139
 Philippines
67.99
64.72
71.55

140
 Timor-Leste
67.73
66.06
69.51

141
 Bolivia
67.72
65.34
70.21

142=
Western Sahara
67.61
65.89
69.81

142=
 Cambodia
67.61
65.50
69.55

144
 Solomon Islands
67.53
66.19
69.03

145
 India
67.47
66.13
68.93

146
 Guyana
66.24
64.03
68.59

147
 São Tomé and Príncipe
66.23
64.23
68.19

148
 Pakistan
65.88
64.99
66.84

149
 Senegal
65.81
63.86
67.61

150
 Kiribati
65.74
62.55
68.93

151
 Myanmar
65.64
63.58
67.66

152
 Laos
65.51
64.14
66.84

153
 Turkmenistan
65.39
61.31
69.69

154
 Madagascar
64.50
63.02
66.00

155
 Namibia
64.34
61.58
66.95

156
 Botswana
64.12
61.80
66.51

157
 Tanzania
64.04
62.55
65.55

158
 Gabon
63.65
63.15
64.07

159
 Yemen
63.51
62.18
64.88

160
 Rwanda
63.14
59.65
66.30

161
 Ethiopia
63.13
61.30
65.02

162
 Sudan
63.08
61.60
64.60

163
 Eritrea
63.07
60.90
65.18

164
 Comoros
62.83
61.20
64.50

165
 Mauritania
62.77
61.29
64.25

166
 Papua New Guinea
62.31
60.25
64.49

167
 Haiti
62.29
60.18
64.42

168
 Djibouti
61.61
60.04
63.24

169
 Congo
61.42
59.95
62.92

170
 Ghana
61.03
60.06
61.97

171
 Malawi
60.97
59.86
61.98

172
 Niger
60.65
59.85
61.55

173
 Kenya
60.62
59.08
62.17

174
 Liberia
60.25
59.29
61.21

175
 Gambia
59.83
58.54
61.21

176
 Afghanistan
59.82
58.67
61.06

177
 Benin
59.20
57.77
60.61

178
 Togo
59.01
58.28
59.68

179
 Zambia
58.75
57.16
60.33

180
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
58.10
56.67
59.53

181
 Burkina Faso
58.07
56.73
59.33

182
 Guinea
58.04
57.58
58.49

183
 Uganda
57.25
55.67
58.83

184
 Mali
57.23
57.44
56.98

185
 Equatorial Guinea
57.13
55.87
58.57

186
 South Africa
57.11
54.85
59.11

187
 Burundi
56.07
54.18
58.04

188
 South Sudan
55.06
54.10
56.03

189
 Somalia
54.88
53.28
56.51

190
 Cameroon
54.87
53.74
56.02

191
 Zimbabwe
54.78
53.60
55.95

192
 Guinea-Bissau
54.72
53.00
56.50

193
 Mozambique
54.63
52.94
56.18

194
 Nigeria
52.29
51.97
52.61

195
 Angola
51.68
50.20
53.17

196
 Chad
51.13
50.08
52.18

197
 Côte d'Ivoire
50.97
50.21
51.85

198
 Sierra Leone
50.19
49.65
50.74

199
 Central African Republic
49.53
47.83
51.25

200
 Lesotho
49.50
49.19
49.59

201
 Swaziland
49.18
49.69
48.54

text: List from the GBD 2010 study[edit]

text: The Global Burden of Disease 2010 study published updated figures in 2012,[12] including recalculations of life expectancies[13] which differ substantially in places from the UN estimates for 2010 (reasons for this are discussed in the freely available appendix to the paper, pages 25–27, currently not available). Although no estimate is given for the sexes combined, for the first time life expectancy estimates have included uncertainty intervals.

text:
Life expectancy at birth (years), Global Burden of Disease 2010

state/territory
Male
95% range
Female
95% range

 World average
67.50
(66.90–68.10)
73.30
(72.80–73.80)

 Afghanistan
58.20
(54.20–62.80)
57.30
(52.20–61.70)

 Albania
72.00
(69.20–74.90)
78.10
(75.90–80.20)

 Algeria
74.30
(73.20–75.40)
76.50
(75.50–77.50)

 Andorra
79.80
(78.80–81.00)
85.20
(84.20–86.20)

 Angola
57.90
(49.50–66.50)
63.90
(56.00–72.00)

 Antigua and Barbuda
74.10
(72.20–75.90)
79.00
(77.30–80.50)

 Argentina
72.50
(72.40–72.60)
79.30
(79.20–79.40)

 Armenia
68.90
(67.20–70.50)
78.50
(77.40–79.60)

 Australia
79.20
(79.10–79.30)
83.80
(83.70–83.90)

 Austria
77.70
(77.50–77.90)
83.30
(83.20–83.50)

 Azerbaijan
68.90
(67.60–70.20)
76.20
(74.90–77.40)

 Bahrain
76.40
(74.80–78.20)
79.10
(77.50–80.70)

 Bangladesh
67.20
(65.60–68.80)
71.00
(69.40–72.80)

 Barbados
74.30
(72.70–76.00)
77.00
(75.60–78.30)

 Belarus
64.10
(63.40–64.90)
76.00
(75.50–76.50)

 Belgium
76.70
(76.40–77.10)
82.30
(81.90–82.60)

 Belize
68.90
(67.30–70.30)
73.60
(72.30–75.00)

 Benin
60.70
(57.60–63.50)
65.90
(63.20–68.50)

 Bhutan
67.60
(60.90–73.30)
71.70
(65.70–77.10)

 Bolivia
69.70
(67.30–72.50)
71.70
(69.50–74.10)

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
74.10
(73.90–74.40)
78.80
(78.50–79.00)

 Botswana
68.10
(63.60–73.60)
74.00
(69.20–80.60)

 Brazil
71.50
(71.20–71.80)
79.70
(79.50–79.90)

 Brunei
75.50
(74.30–76.60)
79.10
(78.00–80.30)

 Bulgaria
70.10
(69.90–70.30)
77.00
(76.80–77.20)

 Burkina Faso
52.80
(46.60–58.10)
57.60
(52.70–62.10)

 Burma
60.70
(51.40–69.80)
67.60
(60.10–73.60)

 Burundi
53.00
(42.70–63.00)
55.20
(45.20–64.60)

 Cambodia
64.60
(63.30–66.00)
70.10
(68.80–71.50)

 Cameroon
57.10
(53.50–60.90)
61.10
(57.80–64.30)

 Canada
78.50
(78.20–78.70)
82.70
(82.50–83.00)

 Cape Verde
70.90
(66.30–75.50)
79.10
(75.30–82.50)

 Central African Republic
43.60
(38.40–49.30)
49.30
(44.00–54.60)

 Chad
53.30
(47.20–58.20)
57.80
(53.00–62.30)

 Chile
75.50
(75.20–75.90)
81.50
(81.20–81.80)

 China
72.90
(71.80–74.00)
79.00
(78.00–80.00)

 Colombia
71.70
(70.20–73.00)
78.30
(77.30–79.40)

 Comoros
61.60
(56.50–65.80)
63.90
(59.10–68.20)

 Congo
56.30
(52.30–60.30)
61.60
(57.90–65.10)

 Costa Rica
77.10
(76.90–77.30)
81.90
(81.60–82.10)

 Côte d'Ivoire
52.80
(48.20–57.10)
60.20
(56.20–63.90)

 Croatia
73.40
(73.20–73.60)
79.90
(79.70–80.10)

 Cuba
76.10
(75.90–76.20)
79.80
(79.60–79.90)

 Cyprus
77.60
(77.10–78.10)
82.90
(82.40–83.40)

 Czech Republic
74.30
(74.20–74.50)
80.70
(80.50–80.80)

 Denmark
76.80
(76.60–77.00)
81.00
(80.80–81.30)

 Djibouti
62.20
(54.60–69.60)
64.40
(55.10–73.70)

 Dominica
70.10
(68.60–71.50)
77.90
(76.40–79.30)

 Dominican Republic
71.30
(70.00–72.80)
76.30
(75.10–77.60)

 DR Congo
52.80
(49.60–55.90)
57.70
(54.70–60.50)

 Ecuador
74.40
(73.30–75.40)
79.80
(78.90–80.60)

 Egypt
68.00
(67.00–69.00)
73.40
(72.50–74.20)

 El Salvador
69.90
(69.30–70.50)
78.20
(77.70–78.60)

 Equatorial Guinea
54.70
(43.50–66.20)
61.80
(52.90–73.80)

 Eritrea
59.00
(54.70–62.90)
62.00
(58.20–65.50)

 Estonia
70.60
(70.30–71.00)
80.60
(80.20–81.00)

 Ethiopia
59.50
(57.50–61.30)
62.30
(60.50–64.10)

 Federated States of Micronesia
63.40
(54.60–71.70)
68.30
(60.80–74.70)

 Fiji
65.60
(63.90–67.30)
68.80
(67.10–70.40)

 Finland
76.80
(76.60–77.00)
83.30
(83.10–83.60)

 France
77.50
(77.20–77.80)
84.30
(84.00–84.50)

 Gabon
55.00
(50.00–60.00)
63.30
(59.50–67.40)

 Georgia
67.40
(66.00–68.70)
77.90
(76.90–78.90)

 Germany
77.50
(77.30–77.70)
82.80
(82.60–83.10)

 Ghana
63.20
(60.70–65.70)
66.70
(64.50–68.90)

 Greece
77.10
(76.80–77.40)
82.10
(81.90–82.40)

 Grenada
68.60
(67.40–69.80)
73.50
(72.20–74.70)

 Guatemala
66.90
(66.30–67.50)
74.00
(73.50–74.50)

 Guinea-Bissau
54.80
(46.10–63.40)
58.60
(50.80–66.60)

 Guinea
58.40
(53.70–62.30)
60.50
(56.30–64.00)

 Guyana
63.10
(60.50–65.90)
69.10
(66.90–71.20)

 Haiti
32.50
(19.80–43.10)
43.60
(31.10–51.70)

 Honduras
70.50
(66.30–74.60)
73.20
(69.80–76.50)

 Hungary
70.40
(70.30–70.60)
78.40
(78.20–78.50)

 Iceland
80.00
(79.40–80.60)
84.40
(83.70–85.00)

 India
63.20
(60.60–65.70)
67.50
(65.50–69.90)

 Indonesia
67.70
(66.00–69.20)
71.80
(70.30–73.30)

 Iran
71.60
(68.50–74.60)
77.80
(75.30–80.20)

 Iraq
70.60
(67.20–73.70)
71.40
(68.30–74.40)

 Ireland
77.60
(77.40–77.90)
82.20
(81.90–82.40)

 Israel
79.20
(79.00–79.40)
82.90
(82.70–83.10)

 Italy
78.90
(78.70–79.10)
83.90
(83.70–84.10)

 Jamaica
73.30
(69.90–77.30)
77.30
(74.30–80.30)

 Japan
79.30
(79.30–79.40)
85.90
(85.80–85.90)

 Jordan
75.70
(73.90–77.50)
75.10
(73.20–77.00)

 Kazakhstan
61.30
(59.10–63.30)
72.20
(70.60–73.70)

 Kenya
62.70
(59.90–65.70)
66.90
(64.60–69.00)

 Kiribati
57.80
(51.30–64.00)
65.00
(59.80–69.70)

 Kuwait
76.10
(75.80–76.40)
79.60
(79.20–79.90)

 Kyrgyzstan
62.20
(60.60–63.90)
71.90
(70.40–73.20)

 Laos
62.40
(54.40–69.70)
67.10
(60.20–73.50)

 Latvia
68.90
(68.60–69.20)
78.50
(78.20–78.70)

 Lebanon
76.20
(74.10–77.90)
78.90
(77.50–80.40)

 Lesotho
44.10
(40.90–48.10)
50.70
(47.20–54.80)

 Liberia
56.50
(54.10–58.90)
57.90
(55.20–60.50)

 Libya
72.90
(70.70–75.00)
76.50
(74.60–78.50)

 Lithuania
68.70
(68.50–68.90)
79.30
(79.10–79.60)

 Luxembourg
78.00
(77.50–78.60)
82.20
(81.70–82.80)

 Republic of Macedonia
72.80
(72.50–73.00)
77.20
(77.00–77.50)

 Madagascar
62.20
(58.90–65.60)
65.10
(61.80–68.10)

 Malawi
50.90
(48.50–53.60)
54.90
(52.70–57.50)

 Malaysia
71.30
(71.00–71.60)
76.50
(76.20–76.80)

 Maldives
77.50
(76.70–78.30)
80.40
(79.70–81.20)

 Mali
56.90
(52.90–60.70)
57.70
(53.80–61.20)

 Malta
77.10
(76.60–77.60)
83.00
(82.40–83.60)

 Marshall Islands
61.90
(57.50–66.00)
66.00
(61.90–70.00)

 Mauritania
63.30
(59.10–67.20)
65.70
(61.80–68.80)

 Mauritius
69.70
(69.30–70.00)
76.90
(76.50–77.30)

 Mexico
72.50
(72.30–72.80)
78.40
(78.20–78.60)

 Moldova
65.50
(65.00–65.80)
74.60
(74.20–74.90)

 Mongolia
60.30
(58.60–62.20)
69.30
(67.80–70.80)

 Montenegro
73.00
(72.20–73.60)
78.20
(77.50–78.90)

 Morocco
70.90
(68.30–73.30)
74.40
(72.20–76.10)

 Mozambique
50.00
(46.90–53.40)
54.90
(51.80–58.30)

 Namibia
58.40
(55.20–61.60)
64.90
(61.90–67.60)

   Nepal
67.70
(65.50–70.10)
70.60
(68.60–72.80)

 Netherlands
78.50
(78.40–78.60)
82.60
(82.40–82.70)

 New Zealand
78.60
(78.40–78.80)
82.70
(82.50–83.00)

 Nicaragua
71.50
(70.60–72.20)
77.50
(76.70–78.20)

 Niger
56.90
(51.70–61.50)
58.70
(54.10–62.60)

 Nigeria
58.80
(56.50–61.40)
60.40
(58.20–62.90)

 North Korea
68.00
(64.90–70.70)
73.30
(70.60–75.50)

 Norway
78.50
(78.30–78.70)
83.10
(82.90–83.40)

 Oman
73.80
(72.20–75.40)
78.90
(77.50–80.10)

 Pakistan
63.90
(60.70–67.10)
67.80
(64.80–70.90)

 Palestine
70.30
(67.90–72.70)
76.40
(74.30–78.30)

 Panama
73.60
(72.30–74.90)
80.20
(78.90–81.50)

 Papua New Guinea
57.50
(48.10–66.50)
60.30
(51.90–69.00)

 Paraguay
71.00
(69.70–72.40)
75.60
(74.70–76.40)

 Peru
75.20
(73.80–76.70)
77.60
(76.10–79.00)

 Philippines
66.60
(65.50–67.80)
73.80
(72.80–74.80)

 Poland
72.10
(72.00–72.20)
80.50
(80.40–80.60)

 Portugal
76.30
(76.20–76.50)
82.30
(82.20–82.50)

 Qatar
78.90
(77.70–80.00)
82.10
(81.10–83.20)

 Romania
70.10
(70.00–70.20)
77.60
(77.40–77.70)

 Russia
63.10
(62.80–63.30)
74.70
(74.40–74.90)

 Rwanda
62.00
(60.10–63.90)
67.10
(65.50–69.00)

 Saint Lucia
70.90
(68.60–73.40)
76.50
(74.50–78.80)

 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
69.70
(68.50–71.00)
74.50
(73.10–75.80)

 Samoa
68.40
(65.40–70.90)
73.40
(70.90–75.80)

 São Tomé and Príncipe
68.20
(64.40–71.80)
72.10
(69.00–75.20)

 Saudi Arabia
75.00
(73.60–76.40)
79.90
(78.80–81.00)

 Senegal
63.50
(61.10–66.10)
67.10
(65.20–69.30)

 Serbia
74.00
(73.70–74.20)
79.50
(79.20–79.80)

 Seychelles
61.30
(60.20–62.40)
71.80
(70.70–72.90)

 Sierra Leone
56.50
(53.60–59.30)
60.90
(58.30–63.10)

 Singapore
78.80
(78.60–79.00)
83.30
(83.00–83.50)

 Slovakia
71.60
(71.40–71.70)
79.10
(78.90–79.30)

 Slovenia
75.90
(75.60–76.20)
82.50
(82.20–82.90)

 Solomon Islands
60.50
(52.20–68.10)
64.00
(55.40–71.40)

 Somalia
54.60
(45.40–62.60)
57.20
(47.70–65.60)

 South Africa
57.40
(54.80–59.60)
62.30
(59.90–64.70)

 South Korea
76.50
(76.30–76.70)
82.70
(82.60–82.90)

 Spain
78.40
(78.20–78.70)
84.20
(84.00–84.40)

 Sri Lanka
71.60
(70.30–72.80)
79.80
(78.70–80.70)

 Sudan
66.90
(64.20–69.00)
70.70
(68.80–72.90)

 Suriname
70.10
(68.20–72.20)
75.20
(73.70–76.80)

 Swaziland
47.40
(43.50–51.30)
51.40
(48.00–55.10)

 Sweden
79.20
(79.00–79.40)
83.50
(83.40–83.70)

  Switzerland
79.70
(79.50–79.80)
84.50
(84.30–84.70)

 Syria
75.10
(73.50–76.60)
80.20
(78.90–81.40)

 Taiwan
75.90
(75.80–76.00)
81.90
(81.80–82.00)

 Tajikistan
65.20
(62.70–67.50)
71.50
(69.40–73.60)

 Tanzania
60.90
(58.10–63.70)
62.60
(60.20–65.20)

 Thailand
70.90
(69.10–72.50)
77.50
(76.30–78.80)

 The Bahamas
71.40
(68.50–74.50)
80.40
(76.90–85.50)

 The Gambia
60.80
(53.40–69.00)
64.00
(55.90–72.40)

 Timor-Leste
67.80
(66.30–69.20)
69.70
(68.10–71.20)

 Togo
58.30
(54.70–61.80)
62.10
(58.40–65.60)

 Tonga
67.30
(64.70–69.90)
73.80
(71.40–76.10)

 Trinidad and Tobago
66.20
(65.00–67.40)
75.30
(74.10–76.40)

 Tunisia
74.10
(70.70–77.60)
78.90
(75.70–81.90)

 Turkey
71.20
(69.50–73.00)
77.70
(75.90–79.30)

 Turkmenistan
65.40
(60.70–69.50)
73.40
(69.50–77.20)

 Uganda
58.30
(55.30–61.40)
62.50
(59.80–65.10)

 UK
77.80
(77.80–77.90)
81.90
(81.80–82.00)

 Ukraine
64.50
(63.50–65.30)
74.90
(74.20–75.40)

 United Arab Emirates
75.30
(73.00–77.60)
78.60
(76.50–80.70)

 Uruguay
72.60
(72.10–73.10)
80.40
(79.90–80.90)

 U.S.
75.90
(75.80–75.90)
80.50
(80.50–80.60)

 Uzbekistan
65.60
(61.90–68.80)
72.30
(69.50–75.30)

 Vanuatu
62.20
(54.10–69.50)
66.90
(59.80–72.50)

 Venezuela
70.30
(68.90–71.50)
79.20
(78.40–80.00)

 Vietnam
71.60
(69.30–74.00)
79.60
(78.00–81.10)

 Yemen
65.50
(59.20–71.40)
66.30
(59.30–72.40)

 Zambia
54.30
(51.10–57.70)
57.30
(54.20–60.30)

 Zimbabwe
51.10
(46.60–55.60)
55.10
(51.30–59.30)

text: List by the CIA (2016)[edit]

text: The US CIA published the following life expectancy data in its World Factbook.[1]

text:
Rank
Entity
Overall life expectancy at birth
Male life expectancy at birth
Female life expectancy at birth

1
 Monaco
89.5
85.6
93.5

2
 Japan
85
81.7
88.5

3
 Singapore
85
82.3
87.8

4
 Macau ( China)
84.5
81.6
87.6

5
 San Marino
83.3
80.7
86.1

6
 Iceland
83
80.9
85.3

7
 Hong Kong ( China)
82.9
80.3
85.8

8
 Andorra
82.8
80.6
85.1

9
  Switzerland
82.6
80.3
85

10
 Guernsey
82.5
79.9
85.4

11
 Israel
82.4
80.6
84.4

12
 South Korea
82.4
79.3
85.8

13
 Luxembourg
82.3
79.8
84.9

14
 Australia
82.2
79.8
84.8

15
 Italy
82.2
79.6
85

16
 Sweden
82.1
80.2
84.1

17
 Canada
81.9
79.2
84.6

18
 Jersey
81.9
79.4
84.5

19
 Liechtenstein
81.9
79.7
84.6

20
 France (metropolitan)
81.8
78.7
85.1

21
 Norway
81.8
79.8
83.9

22
 Spain
81.7
78.7
84.9

23
 Austria
81.5
78.9
84.3

24
 Anguilla
81.4
78.8
84.1

25
 Bermuda
81.3
78.1
84.5

26
 Netherlands
81.3
79.2
83.6

27
 Cayman Islands
81.2
78.5
84

28
 Isle of Man
81.2
79.5
83

29
 New Zealand
81.2
79.1
83.3

30
 Belgium
81
78.4
83.7

31
 Finland
80.9
77.9
84

32
 Ireland
80.8
78.5
83.2

33
 Germany
80.7
78.4
83.1

34
 United Kingdom
80.7
78.5
83

35
 Greece
80.5
77.9
83.3

36
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon
80.5
78.2
83

37
 Faroe Islands
80.4
77.8
83.1

38
 Malta
80.4
78
82.8

39
 European Union
80.2
77.4
83.2

40
 Taiwan
80.1
77
83.5

41
 U.S. Virgin Islands
80
77
83.2

42
 Turks and Caicos Islands
79.8
77.1
82.7

43
 United States
79.8
77.5
82.1

44
 Wallis and Futuna
79.7
76.7
82.8

45
 Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
79.5
76.6
82.6

46
 Denmark
79.4
77
82

47
 Gibraltar
79.4
76.6
82.5

48
 Puerto Rico
79.4
75.8
83.1

49
 Portugal
79.3
76.1
82.8

50
 Bahrain
78.9
76.7
81.1

51
 Chile
78.8
75.7
81.9

52
 Cuba
78.7
76.4
81.1

53
 Cyprus
78.7
75.8
81.6

54
 Qatar
78.7
76.7
80.8

55
 British Virgin Islands
78.6
77.2
80.1

56
 Costa Rica
78.6
75.9
81.4

57
 Czech Republic
78.6
75.7
81.8

58
 Panama
78.6
75.8
81.6

59
 Albania
78.3
75.7
81.2

60
 Slovenia
78.2
74.6
82

61
 Dominican Republic
78.1
75.9
80.5

62
 Sint Maarten ( Netherlands)
78.1
75.8
80.6

63
 Kuwait
78
76.6
79.4

64
 Northern Mariana Islands ( US)
78
75.3
80.8

65
 Falkland Islands
77.9
75.6
79.6

66
 Saint Lucia
77.8
75
80.7

67
 New Caledonia ( France)
77.7
73.7
81.9

68
 Lebanon
77.6
76.3
78.9

69
 Poland
77.6
73.7
81.7

70
 United Arab Emirates
77.5
74.8
80.2

71
 Brunei
77.2
74.8
79.6

72
 French Polynesia ( France)
77.2
74.9
79.6

73
 Paraguay
77.2
74.5
80

74
 Uruguay
77.2
74.1
80.5

75
 Argentina
77.1
74
80.4

76
 Slovakia
77.1
73.5
80.9

77
 Dominica
77
74
80.1

78
 Morocco
76.9
73.8
80.1

79
 Algeria
76.8
75.5
78.2

80
 Aruba ( Netherlands)
76.8
73.7
79.9

81
 Ecuador
76.8
73.8
79.9

82
 Sri Lanka
76.8
73.3
80.4

83
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
76.7
73.7
80

84
 Estonia
76.7
71.9
81.7

85
 Antigua and Barbuda
76.5
74.4
78.8

86
 Libya
76.5
74.7
78.3

87
 Georgia
76.2
72.1
80.6

88
 Republic of Macedonia
76.2
73.6
79

89
 Tonga
76.2
74.7
77.8

90
 Tunisia
76.1
74
78.4

91
 Croatia
75.9
72.7
79.2

92
 Hungary
75.9
72.2
79.8

93
 Mexico
75.9
73.1
78.8

94
 Cook Islands
75.8
73
78.8

95
 Venezuela
75.8
72.7
78.9

96
 Colombia
75.7
72.6
79

97
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
75.7
73.3
78.2

98
 Maldives
75.6
73.3
78

99
 Mauritius
75.6
72.2
79.2

100
 Oman
75.5
73.5
77.5

101
 People's Republic of China
75.5
73.5
77.9

102
 Serbia
75.5
72.6
78.5

103
 American Samoa ( US)
75.4
72.4
78.5

104
 Barbados
75.3
73
77.7

105
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
75.3
73.3
77.4

106
 Saudi Arabia
75.3
73.2
77.4

107
 Solomon Islands
75.3
72.7
78.1

108
 Romania
75.1
71.7
78.8

109
 Malaysia
75
72.2
78

110
 West Bank
75
73
77.1

111
 Iraq
74.9
72.6
77.2

112
 Lithuania
74.9
69.5
80.6

113
 Syria
74.9
72.5
77.4

114
 Turkey
74.8
72.5
77.3

115
 El Salvador
74.7
71.4
78.1

116
 Seychelles
74.7
70.2
79.4

117
 Thailand
74.7
71.5
78

118
 Armenia
74.6
71.4
78.3

119
 Jordan
74.6
73.2
76.1

120
 Bulgaria
74.5
71.2
78

121
 Latvia
74.5
69.9
79.3

122
 Montserrat
74.4
75.8
72.9

123
 Grenada
74.3
71.7
77.1

124
 Gaza Strip
73.9
72.3
75.7

125
 Brazil
73.8
70.2
77.5

126
 Uzbekistan
73.8
70.7
77

127
 Peru
73.7
71.7
75.9

128
 Samoa
73.7
70.8
76.8

129
 Jamaica
73.6
72
75.3

130
 Vanuatu
73.4
71.8
75.1

131
 Vietnam
73.4
70.9
76.2

132
 Bangladesh
73.2
71
75.4

133
 Nicaragua
73.2
71.1
75.5

134
 Marshall Islands
73.1
70.9
75.4

135
 Palau
73.1
69.9
76.5

136
 Federated States of Micronesia
72.9
70.8
75

137
 Trinidad and Tobago
72.9
69.9
75.9

138
 Belarus
72.7
67.2
78.6

139
 Egypt
72.7
71.4
74.2

140
 Fiji
72.7
70
75.5

141
 Indonesia
72.7
67.3
69.8

142
 Azerbaijan
72.5
69.5
75.8

143
 Greenland ( Denmark)
72.4
69.7
75.2

144
 The Bahamas
72.4
70
74.8

145
 Guatemala
72.3
70.3
74.4

146
 Suriname
72.2
69.8
74.8

147
 Cabo Verde
72.1
69.8
74.5

148
 Ukraine
71.8
67.1
76.9

149
 Iran
71.4
69.8
73.1

150
 Honduras
71.1
69.5
72.8

151
 Kazakhstan
70.8
65.6
75.7

152
 Kyrgyzstan
70.7
66.5
75.1

153
 Moldova
70.7
66.9
74.8

154
   Nepal
70.7
70.1
71.3

155
 North Korea
70.4
66.6
74.5

156
 Russia
70.3
64.3
76.4

157
 Bhutan
70.1
69.1
71.1

158
 Turkmenistan
70.1
67.1
73.3

159
 Mongolia
69.6
65.4
74.1

160
 Bolivia
69.2
66.4
72.1

161
 Philippines
69.2
65.7
72.9

162
 Belize
68.7
67.2
70.4

163
 India
68.5
67.3
69.8

164
 Guyana
68.4
65.4
71.5

165
 Timor-Leste
68.1
66.5
69.7

166
 Pakistan
67.7
65.8
69.8

167
 Tajikistan
67.7
64.6
71

168
 Papua New Guinea
67.2
65
69.5

169
 Nauru
67.1
63
70.5

170
 Burma
66.6
64.2
69.2

171
 Ghana
66.6
64.1
69.1

172
 Tuvalu
66.5
64.3
68.8

173
 Kiribati
66.2
63.7
68.8

174
 Madagascar
65.9
64.4
67.4

175
 Yemen
65.5
63.4
67.8

176
 Togo
65
62.3
69.7

177
 Eritrea
64.9
62.4
67.5

178
 São Tomé and Príncipe
64.9
63.6
66.3

179
 The Gambia
64.9
62.5
67.3

180
 Cambodia
64.5
62
67.1

181
 Laos
64.3
62.2
66.4

182
 Comoros
64.2
61.9
66.6

183
 Equatorial Guinea
64.2
63.1
65.4

184
 Sudan
64.1
62
66.3

185
 Kenya
64
62.6
65.5

186
 Haiti
63.8
61.2
66.4

187
 Namibia
63.6
62.1
65.1

188
 Djibouti
63.2
60.7
65.8

189
 South Africa
63.1
61.6
64.6

190
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
63
60.7
65.4

191
 Mauritania
63
60.7
65.4

192
 Ethiopia
62.2
59.8
64.7

193
 Tanzania
62.2
60.8
63.6

194
 Benin
61.9
60.5
63.3

195
 Senegal
61.7
59.7
63.8

196
 Malawi
61.2
59.2
63.2

197
 Guinea
60.6
59
62.2

198
 Burundi
60.5
58.8
62.3

199
 Rwanda
60.1
58.5
61.7

200
 Republic of the Congo
59.3
58.1
60.6

201
 Liberia
59
57.3
60.8

202
 Côte d'Ivoire
58.7
57.5
59.9

203
 Cameroon
58.5
57.1
59.9

204
 Sierra Leone
58.2
55.6
60.9

205
 Zimbabwe
58
57.3
58.7

206
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
57.3
55.8
58.9

207
 Angola
56
54.8
57.2

208
 Mali
55.8
53.9
57.7

209
 Burkina Faso
55.5
53.4
57.6

210
 Niger
55.5
54.3
56.8

211
 Uganda
55.4
54
56.9

212
 Botswana
54.5
56.3
52.6

213
 Nigeria
53.4
52.4
54.5

214
 Mozambique
53.3
52.6
54.1

215
 Lesotho
53
52.9
53.1

216
 Zambia
52.5
50.8
54.1

217
 Somalia
52.4
50.3
54.5

218
 Central African Republic
52.3
51
53.7

219
 Gabon
52.1
51.6
52.5

220
 Swaziland
51.6
52.2
51

221
 Afghanistan
51.3
49.9
52.7

222
 Guinea-Bissau
50.6
48.6
52.7

223
 Chad
50.2
49
51.3

text: List by the OECD (2013)[edit]

text:
Life expectancy at birth (years), OECD (2013)[14]

Rank
state/territory
Overall
Male
Female

1
 Japan
83.4
80.2
86.6

2
 Spain
83.2
80.2
86.1

3
  Switzerland
82.9
80.7
85.0

4
 Italy
82.8
80.3
85.2

5
 France
82.3
79.0
85.6

6
 Australia
82.2
80.1
84.3

7=
 Israel
82.1
80.3
83.9

7=
 Iceland
82.1
80.5
83.7

9
 Sweden
82.0
80.2
83.8

10
 Luxembourg
81.9
79.8
83.9

11=
 Norway
81.8
79.8
83.8

11=
 South Korea
81.8
78.5
85.1

13
 Canada[15]
81.5
79.3
83.6

14=
 New Zealand
81.4
79.5
83.2

14=
 Netherlands
81.4
79.5
83.2

14=
 Greece
81.4
78.7
84.0

17
 Austria
81.2
78.6
83.8

18=
 United Kingdom
81.1
79.2
82.9

18=
 Ireland
81.1
79.0
83.1

18=
 Finland
81.1
78.0
84.1

21
 Germany
80.9
78.6
83.2

22
 Portugal
80.8
77.6
84.0

23
 Belgium
80.7
78.1
83.2

24
 Slovenia
80.4
77.2
83.6

25
 Denmark
80.4
78.3
82.4

26=
 Chile
78.8
76.3
81.4

26=
 United States
78.8
76.4
81.2

28
 Czech Republic
78.3
75.2
81.3

29
 Estonia
77.3
72.8
81.7

30
 Poland
77.1
73.0
81.2

31
 Turkey
76.6
73.7
79.4

32
 Slovakia
76.5
72.9
80.1

33
 Hungary
75.7
72.2
79.1

34
 Mexico
74.6
71.7
77.4